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J.H.Montaqul/ 
 
 
 OFFICERS OF THE RICHMOND CHAMBER OF COMMERCE. 
 
The City on the James. 
 
 Richmond, Vir9;inia, 
 
 THE 
 
 CHAMBER OF COMMERCE BOOK. 
 
 Edited by Andrew Moerison. 
 
 GEORGE W. ENGELHARDT, Publisher, 
 
 Richmond, Va., 1893. 
 
By Rail from Richmond 
 
 MILES. 
 
 To Petersburg is 23 
 
 City Point (Jame? River), . . . ■ 33 
 
 West Point, (Mouth of York River) 39 
 
 Norfolk and Newport News, 104 
 
 Danville, Va., 141 
 
 Lynchburg, Va.. 157 
 
 Natural Bridge, Va., i8i 
 
 Raleigh, N. C 187 
 
 MILES. 
 
 To Roanoke, Va 204 
 
 Winston. N. C, 218 
 
 White Sulphur Springs, West, Va., 227 
 
 Wilmington (Seaport). N. C, 245 
 
 Charlotte, N. C 282 
 
 Pocahontas. Va. (Coal Fields), 297 
 
 Bristol (Teun. and Va. State line) 357 
 
 Charleston, West Va., 369 
 
 MILES. 
 
 To *Atlantic Ocean, 94 
 
 Washington, D. C, 116 
 
 Baltimore, Md .... 15S 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa 25^ 
 
 New York, 345 
 
 Pittsburg, Pa. 418 
 
 Charleston, S. C 457 
 
 Knoxville, Tenn., 459* 
 
 Atlanta, Ga 549 ^ ^ 
 
 Boston. Mass 557 
 
 Savannah, Ga., .... 559 
 
 Chattanooga, Tenn 570 
 
 Ciucinnati, O., 580 
 
 MILES. 
 
 To Louisville, Ky., 653 
 
 Nashville, Tenn 654 
 
 Birmingham, Ala., 713 
 
 Jacksonville, Fla., . 744 
 
 Chicago, 111 862 
 
 St. Louis. Mo., 921 
 
 • New Orleans, La., 1.054 
 
 e ; Kansas City, Mo., . 1.198 
 
 ,•*' St. Paul and Minneapolis 1.295 
 
 Omaha, Neb., 1,300 
 
 Galveston, Tex., 1,457 
 
 Denver, Colo. 1,837 
 
 San Francisco, Cal., 3,175 
 
 *To Sea by River 120 miles. 
 CopyrighUd^ rSgj, by George IV. Engelhardt. 
 
 V 
 
THE CUSTOMARY PREFACE. 
 
 The Chamber of Commerce of Richmond, esteeming this exposition of the 
 city's advantages and advancement a matter of public interest, has lent its name 
 and countenance, with commendable progressiveness, to further the project, through 
 its Standing Committee on Advertising ; and this assistance has contributed mate- 
 rially to make the publication a success, both as business venture and compilation. 
 
 Thus sponsored the work is, practically, an official account of the city, although 
 undertaken b}- private enterprise ; and hence is authoritative in its statement of fact. 
 The information furnished by it respecting the commerce of the city in its various 
 branches, has been obtained largelj' b}' the process of interviewing persons well 
 posted in the different pursuits. The tables have been carefully compiled, com- 
 pared with newspaper, mercantile agency, and State and National census statistics, 
 and verified thereby ; so that the merit of unvarnished accuracy, at least, can be 
 confidently claimed for the book ; and, at all events, it can be said, truly, of its des- 
 criptive parts, that these are nowise overdrawn. 
 
 The sanction of this Richmond Chamber is no ordinarj- indorsement. That 
 body has, in its own borough certainly, an uncommon degree of dignity and 
 influence. It has prescriptive rights, which it exercises freely, as the grand council 
 of the city's business men. In matters of importance affecting the whole body of 
 them, it is their moot court and senate. Through its committees it is proctor and 
 tribune for them, frequently, in their differences with railroads and in their appeals 
 to the powers that be. It is often, similarly, the umpire of their domestic disputes. 
 It serves, like the press, by frequent discussion of live topics, as a prompter of the 
 public mind and as a moulder of public opinion ; and as the disseminator of informa- 
 tion respecting the progress of the cit}-, it is, like the press also, and in the present 
 instance particularly, their herald. 
 
 It has, moreover, weight, as an institution long established and in flourishing 
 condition. It was organized in 1867, has a thousand members, representative of 
 the jobbing, manufacturing, financial, transportation, real estate and professional 
 interests of the citj' and State, and is building for itself a stately edifice of modern^ 
 fashion at an expense of something like two hundred thousand dollars. 
 
 An illustration on another page shows this new building as it will appear when 
 completed ; and the frontispiece of the book will serve the non-resident reader as 
 his medium of introduction to the principal officers of the Chamber at present. 
 Other portraits and engravings in the book, bring him, likewise, face to face with 
 the leading business men and houses, most of whom have membership in the Cham- 
 ber ; and there are besides, in a measure disclosing the attractions that make this 
 city well worth a visit, sundry cuts, reproducing with fidelity the scenic charms, 
 the landmarks of war and story, an'(l~'the--ftBfliieToa^ masterly works of statuary, that 
 distinguish the Richmond of to-day o\iBr,i)j^py — indeed most — of her sister cities 
 of larger growth. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 Richmond on the James: A I'lvliiuinary Sketch. 
 
 CHAPTER n. 
 
 EiciiMoxn THE Body Politic: City Governmoiit and Schools. 
 
 CHAPTER in. 
 
 CiiAR.vcTERisTic SociAL PHASES: Press, Libravic.'', IMusic ami Uraiiia, Art and Scientitic Collec- 
 tions, Charities and Churches, and, incidentally, a brief reference to the Resorts and Hotels 
 of the City. 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 A Gauge op the City's Recent Pro«re.ss : The Real Estate Business, Buildini,' and Public 
 Improvements, and Street-Car Lines of the City. 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 Richmond's Sinews of Trade: The Banks, Insuraiici' CVmiiianies and Agencies, and other Finan- 
 cial Concerns of the City. 
 
 CHAFrER VI. 
 
 Richmond's Transportation Facilities: Railroad ami River and ^Maritime Traffic of t lie City. 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 Ri( iimond's Tobacco Trade: The Main Stay of its Commerce. 
 
 CHAPTER VUl. 
 
 Manuf.vctcres in Genekal: The Inm, Flour, Fertilizer, LuihImt, ;iml other Prineiiial .Indus- 
 tries, the Coal Supply, A\'ater-l'o\vi-rs, etc. 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 The Jobbing Busixe.ss oe the City. 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 A Sri'l'LEMEXTAItV (iU.I.EUY — PROFESSIONAL, OfFRIAL, ETC. 
 
 ClIAPTKR XT. 
 
 ]!i(TLMnNi)'s Pu( ivi Ncics (IF TuAiiK: Tile .^( int h-A thuit Ic Slates. 
 
The City on the James. 
 
 A Preliminary Sketch. 
 
 Pownaian's Grave. 
 
 JAMES R^^'ER pvesents, it is safe to say, in 
 its descent of the Virginia slope from tlie 
 Blue Ridge mountains to sea, as delightfiil 
 diversity of objects and places of popidar as well 
 as special interest, as any equal stretch of chan- 
 nel in the country at large. It waters a rcmurka- 
 l>ly fruitful valley ; its course is, every mile of 
 it, a disclosure of pleasing prospects ; and along 
 its lower reaches, in its traverse of the Tide- 
 water district of the State, it is especially a 
 highway through a historic domain. 
 
 A HIVlKltA OF SHHIXES. 
 
 It bears awa}-, in this part of it, past haunts 
 memorial of Smith and Poc.iHoXT.\s — Tender 
 Soul ! — and Powihtax, after which primitive 
 autocrat it was aboriginally styled ; past relics 
 of the earliest pioneering by persons of English 
 stock in the New World, like the lone chinmey- 
 Btack at Warwick, or the old church-tower at 
 J.^MESTOWX, long ago relinquished to deca)' ; 
 
 jiast manors of the Colonial era and baroniea 
 of old slavery days ; past fields once drenched 
 with the best blood of the Thirteen Colonies, 
 and again, in our own day — over and over again, 
 indeed — of thirty-five sovereign States. 
 
 Past realms of fiincy everywhere, with poesy 
 pervaded, redolent of romaunt ! But of all spota 
 upon this storied river, winding through that 
 land of spells, the most generally interesting, 
 as one combining allurements common to all 
 the rest with charms of its own, in a rare asso- 
 ciation of the antique and modern, the climatic 
 and picturesque, is the city stationed on the 
 j^yenite hills at the head ofjiavigation on this 
 lirave stream, in an air-line about 9-1 miles equi- 
 ilistant from the Alleghanies anil the ocean and 
 at tlie core of the "Old Dominion," the ven- 
 erable capital of Virginia, the great trade-center 
 of the South- Atlantic States, the famous city of 
 Richmond on the James. 
 
 origin" and growth. 
 
 A CITY, this, of checquered experiences, im- 
 parting peculiar fascinations to its landmarks 
 and story : the oldest now of all the cities of 
 any consequence in the land. It was settled in 
 1(>0!», within two years after old Jamestown 
 itself, although not formally laid out until 1737. 
 In that year its town site was platted by AVilliam 
 Byrp, who was the third of the name identified 
 with it, and was its first real-estate "promoter" 
 and true founder. In the world of conunerce it 
 has always borne a forward part. It projected 
 canaLs to the West in 1794 ; it launched into 
 railroads in 1833 ; it has been a great seat of the 
 toljacco trade for more than two centuiies and a 
 Iialf ; it was of note long years before the war 
 f{.)r its manufactures of iron and flour, and for 
 its exports of these and of the coal mined in its 
 environment. 
 
 And although, in its present state, it centere 
 its hopes and its aims almost wholly on ascent 
 by commerce, it has cut in its day a far prouder 
 
8 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 and nobler figure. To the long muster of those 
 distinguished in the Republic as tribunes and 
 senators, justices and captains, it lias furnished 
 
 Y. M. C. A. Hal!, Mam Street, 
 
 an eminent quota. In its God's acres sleep, 
 among an inniunerable compan}' of scarcely 
 lesser elects, its own great heirs to fame, .lunx 
 Marshall, one of the ablest 
 of all the Federal judges ; t^i ■ 
 Presidents, Monroe and Ty- 
 ler ; John Randolph, the 
 caustic master of Roanoke : 
 and Matthew Maury, thr 
 "Geographer of the Main." 
 
 freeman— bold words and burning— " Liberty 
 or Death ! " And for its part in the Revolution, 
 it was visited by Benedict Arnold, the man of 
 infamy, in 1781, with torch and sword. 
 From May of 1862 to April, 1865, it 
 was a beleaguered city, holding out stead- 
 fastly, and toward the end superbly, against 
 odds — against the greatest marshals, and 
 the strongest levies, the North could bring 
 to reduce it. As at once the capital and 
 citadel of the Confederacy, between those 
 dates fifteen pitched battles and more 
 than twenty bloody engagements were 
 fought before its ramparts ; and w'hen, 
 finally, yielding to the inevitable, its de- 
 fenders quitted it, and permitted the vic- 
 tors the barren triumph of possession, it 
 was of a city whose entire business quar- 
 ter was nothing but smouldering cinders 
 and char. This was the desperate and 
 stupendous, Irat not despairing sacrifice, 
 of a conmmnity the sentiment of whose 
 corporate motto is : .SVc Ilur Ad Astra — 
 " .'^ucli is the way to Immortality ! " 
 
 It is difficult to write of this city at all 
 \\ithout some reference, at least, to so 
 glorious a past ; difficult to repress, in the 
 writing, some small token of the admira- 
 tion which is its due ; the more so because it 
 makes plain somewhat also, the spirit that 
 
 plaui 
 buoyed this people up througl 
 
 ea of greater 
 
 MARTIAL RENOWN. 
 
 »t 
 
 In the great crisis of Impend- 
 ing Revolution, and at the cli- 
 max of the Civil A\'ar, it was a 
 stage for actors, and of actions, 
 of the heroic, the epic, and the 
 sublime. In 1676 it was the 
 scene of Bacon's Rebellion — 
 one of the first ujirisings against 
 "Royal Prerogative, " "En- 
 croachments of the Crown," 
 "Divine Right" — what name 
 you will forlSlonarchy and Tyranny — on this side 
 of the water. In 177-5, from its high altar of St. 
 John's, Patrick Henry proclaimed Indt'in'ud- 
 ence in woi-ils that still elei'trify the soul of every 
 
 .* 
 
 ~. , ^r- 
 
 t?-n ^' 
 
 n\ 
 
 
 
 
 New Planters Bank Building, Main Street 
 
 discouragements than those even of war — some- 
 thing of that ancestral pride and inspiration 
 nt' traditions commingling local and national 
 achievement, which was at once an incentive 
 
THE CITY OX THE JAMES. 
 
 and motivo fuiiiirirting it throusrh ^'^^bs^•^nu■Ilt 
 jioverty and through mi^^l■ule (if the nioj^t tiag- 
 rant sort ; and under a Sindbad's incubus of 
 State debt, imposed upon it in its own desjjite 
 during the period of "Reconstruction" (not to 
 f-peak of tlie numicipal obligatiuns),- the like- of. 
 
 (lit ion of politics here, that lasted so long, it was 
 impossiljle to approach until very recent times. 
 
 THE EEXASCENT RICnMOND. 
 
 Thk transition from adversity to prosperity 
 at Riclmiond after the war, was, therefore, slow. 
 
 .€^-\ 
 
 
 
 t r 
 
 ii'ire «■ f »^ '^ ^S^ r- -. - .- . 
 
 t' '' 
 
 5: f|,i 
 
 
 V 
 
 Ne.v L-namoer o1 Con-rrerce, Main St'"eel. 
 
 which has been seldom known ; a delit alto- 
 gether of S4o,71S,l 12 piled up, for barely a third 
 of which was any real value received ; a debt on 
 account of wliicli a usuiy of S25,000,000, we are 
 t(jld, has been already paid ; a debt toward any 
 just settlement of which, in the perturbed con- 
 
 Progress was to be long and assiduously wooed 
 ere her favors were liestowed. The city was, 
 indeed, speedily re-invested with its old-time 
 prestige as a tobacco market by the entei"]irise 
 of its merchants. But Virginia, although big 
 hei'self with eveiy regenerative resource — preg- 
 
10 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAISIES. 
 
 nant with iron and coal, prolific of timber, soilw 
 and waters — was one of the last of the States in 
 Dixie to thrill with that new birth which has 
 been a matter of not altogether sectional gratu- 
 lation so long. And to Richmond, commercial 
 as well as political cajiital of the State, the era 
 of good fortune \\as, like a backward sjn'ing 
 time, or a rich argosy delayed, a long time on 
 the way. Still, if it was long in its coming, 
 it was the more lasting when it came ; ami in 
 the innumerable marks both city and State 
 now show' of growth, in the signs of develop- 
 ment, improvement and advancement dis- 
 tinctly legible, the promise is written that the 
 teriiiinatinn of this era is still a long wav oflT. 
 
 at Richmond ; and the changes made, both 
 social and material, seem to those whose bent 
 is vanward, in almost every respect in the line 
 of the salutary and of betterment. Yet with 
 all the nmtations of peace and war through 
 which the city has passed, there is much that 
 is still unafl'ccted, ami likely to be long undis- 
 turbed. It still holds fast, as of yore, to its 
 vantage on the rock-ribbed palisades of the 
 James ; it can still be described as a city of the 
 ancient Roman contour ; seven-hilled, Capitol- 
 ine here, where the State House stands, Tar- 
 peian there at Shockoe Creek, Tiber-like at base ; 
 of the cities of our own land resembling much 
 in its topography — though not on so considera- 
 
 FROM THE MANCHESTER SIDE 
 Mayo's Island and Boat House of the Virginia Boat Club. 
 
 Contrast indeed, could scarcely lie more decided, 
 than between the Richmond of Yesterday, the 
 Richmond of 186-5, the Richmond in ashes and 
 emoke, and the Richmond of To-day, everywhere 
 restored, and more than restored ; everywhere 
 wearing the aspects of increase, even-where a 
 metropolis; the rebuilt, readorned and reas- 
 cendant City on the .lames. 
 
 KI( IIMOXD TUE SCENIC. 
 
 For the last three yeare esjiecially, alteration 
 and innovation have been the order of the dav 
 
 lile a scale — San Francisco and Cincinnati ; or 
 most in this regard, perhaps, Kansas City and 
 St. Paul ; like wdiich it mounts up heights and 
 climbs over bevelled and even precipitous ra- 
 vine sides to the better adapted benches of resi- 
 dence plateau behind, like which, also it turns 
 to the stream a generous pi-oflle of precincts of 
 trade ; but so unlike which, when you come to 
 know it, in its unique blending of things old 
 and things new, that it is a city not easy to de- 
 scribe in the proverbial "word." 
 
 Upon the stranger it produces an impression 
 at once of uncommon pictorial variety ; and 
 
THE (MTV OX THE JAMES. 
 
 11 
 
 many a warm ami 
 riatterinfr trilMito 
 its views have 
 evoked from (^i^^- 
 tinguislieil visi- 
 tors, tlie liill-toii 
 espials jiartieu- 
 larly, unfoliliiiK 
 the city plialunx- 
 ed beneath, with 
 Mam'lii'ster plain - 
 ly deploy iii.ualonL: 
 t he opposite shore 
 and the river en- 
 liladcd lietween. 
 
 '\\' I L I. I A M M'lKT 
 
 thought this the 
 "most tinely va- 
 ried and animated 
 landscape " lie 
 had ever seen, 
 and Webster wa- 
 of the same mind, 
 ujion siLdit of it, 
 
 in the fall of '47. Dickens paused long enough, 
 in his American Notes, from a general animad- 
 version of all things un-English in this coun- 
 try, to accord this city a well desen-ed compU- 
 ment for its "delightful situation, overhanging 
 the .James." Tii.\(,keray pronounced it, in '.>i, 
 
 Jfcc^ 
 
 F^an.^ll^ b. udl. .'-c;-: c.i.^— l^< ny^ tJorioe ^-'i' W 
 
 the "merriest and most jiicturesijue ]ilace in 
 America." And Joaqvix jNIillee, the poet of 
 the Sierras, to whom, as a late comer, it waa 
 revealed in many of its present phrases of 
 evolution, descants upon it as "roai'ing with 
 progress, sending up smoke like the smoke 
 
 o f a mi g h t y 
 battle," and as 
 a place, also, 
 " where you are 
 likelytoget mor- 
 tar on you." A 
 key-note, this 
 last observation, 
 lo the quick- 
 -tej) of progress 
 at Richmond, 
 w h i e h is our 
 theme. 
 
 THE .IAME.S. 
 
 To so>rE of 
 t hese notable 
 sight-seers, as it 
 is to many tour- 
 ists yet, the river 
 was the most 
 lonspicuous fea- 
 ture in the pan- 
 orama of Rich- 
 mo nd and its 
 surroundings. 
 
12 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 Webster, when ho wi'iit nut, "hcunl imthini; Imt 
 the roarof the fulls." Wirt eiithuseili)iirtieul:irl}' 
 over its windings, its "iiolisheil surface," "wood- 
 ed banks," "the white sails dotting it," and all 
 that. And as Dickens saw it, "studded with 
 islands or brawding over broken rocks," it must 
 have been at lower stage than Miller's "jilung- 
 ing," "rushing," "tawny stream," or was pen- 
 cilled, maybe, with less of the license of the 
 poet's privileged art. So xipon this sul'ject, the 
 river. Sir Curioso, into whose hands this work 
 may fall, we shall dwell Ijriefly for your edifica- 
 tion ; and because it has been to this city so 
 much and so long, an element, not alone nf the 
 beautiful, but of tlie useful as wrll ; of j.ros- 
 perity and power and of renown aliroad to 
 Riclimond the center of trade. 
 
 The James bends by the city at an obtuse an- 
 gle, to the east first, and then southeast, so 
 that Richmond, fronting it, faces, in situation 
 as in sentiment, due South. The city rises 
 where the falls of the river set Imuiuls to the 
 flow of the tide up-stream, 127 miles, by the 
 water way, from the ocean, the greatest dis- 
 tance inland of any South-Atlantic port — most 
 conveniently, therefore, as an entrepot for in- 
 land trade. The falls, so-called, are rajiids 
 only ; tlie actual descent of the James, ap- 
 proaching the city, is 116 feet in five miles. 
 
 A RIVER IN BOXDS. 
 
 Time out of nnnd this river has been subject 
 to Richmond ; boiuul, Ixion-like, to its tur- 
 bines — to more than Ixion — to wheel after 
 wheel ; but not condemned, like the myth, to 
 interminably punitive gyrations ; free instead, 
 after his task in the forebay is done, to proceed 
 as he will ; to issue from sluice-way and tail- 
 race, and swell his broad bosom, exultant, ere 
 he departs toward the sea, into a harbor three 
 fathoms deep and a half mile broad. This com- 
 bination of maritime advantages and manufac- 
 turing powers Riclimond enjoys througli him. 
 
 Only a fraction of his current is, however, 
 utilized by the factories of the city — a sum total, 
 perhaps, of 5,000 horse-power. Even under ex- 
 isting circumstances double that much might 
 be conserved out of the wasted energj- of this 
 great stream ; and it is estimated tliat, by mak- 
 ing the necessary improvements, 21,000 horse- 
 power could be secured ; more than is availa- 
 ble — twice as much, in fact, as is in use — at any 
 of the New England centers dependent on rivers 
 for power. In view of the prospect unfolded in 
 the march of engineering, that the full etficiency 
 
 ( if the river, in this particular, can be economized 
 by means of electrical intermediaries and apjilied 
 to street raOnjads, street lighting, and the mul- 
 tifarious industries, great and .small, of a city 
 already conspicuous for its manufactures, this, 
 it seems, is a resource, though not a fourth part 
 developed, of the utmost importance — in expec- 
 tation of which develo]inient, to be counted one 
 <if the greatest possessions of the city in itself. 
 
 THE SIIIl' CIIANXEL. 
 
 The lea.st dejith of water in the river, from 
 its mouth to Richmond, is 16i feet. A sum ap- 
 I'roximating $1,000,000 has already been spent 
 in the improvement of this channel, and the 
 general government is pledged to the prose- 
 t'ution of this woi-k, by what it has exjiended 
 already, until there shall l)e a continuous pas- 
 sage to sea, 25 or 26 feet deep ; thus aflbrding 
 the city a grand canal through which all but the 
 very largest sea-craft, like the great war ships, 
 for instance, may ply. The depth at anchorage 
 before the city is 16 feet ; inside, the canal at 
 the ship landing or dock, and at Rocketts, the 
 lower or steamship landing, six inches more. 
 The locks to the basin admit vessels of this 
 draft, of ?A feet beam, and 166 feet long. The 
 rise of the tide in the river is three-and-a-half 
 to four feet. And in this suave Southern clime, 
 ice is hardly to be considered an impediment to 
 navigation at all. 
 
 In the cluster of islands and islets that spring 
 from the bed of this river at the falls, are several 
 raidving the rest in available area and industrial 
 advantage ; and on these, as well as on many 
 riparian coignes by both banks afforded, some 
 of the largest works in the land employing 
 water power are planted. Belle Isle, which 
 was a prison camp for captured Federal soldiers 
 in war time, is occupied by the Old Dominion 
 Iron .\nd Nail AVoeks, an establishment having 
 800 hands on its pay roll, and producing ■'iO,000 
 tons of finished product a year. Byrd's Island, 
 which is severed from the city by the canal 
 only, has on it the Haxall Flour Mills ; and 
 Johnston's Island, an electric power station, 
 ilayo's Island, or Island Park, is lower than 
 these ; subject to freshets ; except for the ball 
 jiark and lioat house ujoon it, an instance of Na- 
 ture entirely unadorned ; witli tlie bridge that 
 leads to it, a jiromi'iiade, an idling ground, a 
 midway pleasaunce for the peojile resident here 
 on both sides of the .Tames. 
 
 The old James River and Kanawha Canal, 
 the canal to whi<-h we have referred, parallels the 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 13 
 
 Richiiionil 1 lank of the river, and is now the i)rop- mills, iron works, and the two pumping stations 
 
 erty of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad Com- of the puhlic water works. The most notable 
 
 pany. It has long since fallen into disuse as an of the roncerns situate directly upon this great 
 
 avenue of transportation, liut it still serves as a flume, are, perhaps, the CtALLEgo Flour Mills 
 
 Statuary at the Old Capitol— Washington, Clay and Latayette. 
 
 conduit for the city's water supply, and as a and the i)rodigious forge of the Tredegar Com- 
 
 haven, at its emboguing, for the city's "mos- pany. 
 
 cjuito fleet." There are numerous factories along The Ciallego Jlills are classed in the trade, 
 
 it: flour and bark mills, plaster mills, iiai>er among the largest of such enterprises in the 
 
14 
 
 THE CITY UX THE JAMES. 
 
 Union, and are fevtainly one of the oldent. Tlu-ii- 
 foundation was laid snnietinie toward the end mT 
 the last century, and for fifty years or more they 
 have been expoi'ting flour to Spanish America. 
 The Tredegar Company furnishes sui)pc>rt to live 
 or six thousand of the city's populati(jn. Its 
 works were established in 1836. They cover 
 thirty acres. Cannon were cast in them before 
 the war, and battle ships were outfitted by them ; 
 and it is not unlikely that ordnance of their make 
 belched fiirth destruction from both sides, in the 
 great Contention of th(^ States. 
 
 The Washington Group, and Spire of St. Paul's. 
 
 On the Manchester side, again, the river is 
 harnesseil to the driving-wheels of two large 
 cotton-nulls, the Marshall and Old Dominion, 
 and of grist mills also, and other factories. On 
 that side, too, are railroad shops, spike-mills, 
 and fertilizer works of the first order ; not all 
 of them, however, the beneficiaries of the vas- 
 salage of the stream. 
 
 A warp and woof of bridges, viaducts and 
 trestles emneshes the river and his help-meet of 
 canal. There are six of these bridges altogether, 
 
 spanning the river and making Richmond and 
 Maiichcstci' ]iractically one city and center of 
 trade : the old !Mayo's toll-bridge, curiously 
 trussed in a by-gone, old-countrj' fashion (if 
 over-arching chords, and resting, in mid-passage 
 on the island of the same name ; the city's own 
 "Free bridge" ; the two bridges of the Rich- 
 mond and Danville Railroad ; the Richmond 
 and Petersburg Railroad's bridge, and the Beit- 
 Line bridge of the Richmond and Petersburg 
 and Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac 
 railroads, whii'h are links in the chain of the At- 
 lantic Coast-Line route, ex- 
 tending from New York, via 
 Richmond, to Key AVest. 
 
 FKciM THE OTIIKU BANK. 
 
 A'lEWEii friini ain- stand- 
 liiiint to the .southward upon 
 these ajiproaches, and from 
 t he Manchester ends of them 
 especially, Richmond is ex- 
 Iiiliitcd u city compactly 
 liuilt over nearly the full 
 length of its longer axis, 
 from Rocketts and the sub- 
 urb of Fulton on the east, 
 tn Hollywood Cemetery and 
 the I'pper AVater Station on 
 the west, a distance of four 
 and a half miles. From this 
 Manchester side its tiTie con- 
 fcirmationof hills is exposed ; 
 :is seen therefrom it is seven- 
 lulled figuratively speaking 
 cinly ; it occupies in reality 
 for seat, eight or ten eleva- 
 tions — the grand natural 
 earthworks of ( 'liimborazo, 
 Libljy, Church, Union, 
 French Garden, Shockoe, 
 Capitol, Gamble's, Oregon, 
 and Resei-voir hills, that 
 tasked the Federal arms so 
 long, not to mention the min- 
 or escarpments and salients and redoubts of bluff's 
 and foot-hills at their back, over whii'h now the 
 many new-made suburban additions and subdi- 
 visions and settlements of the last few years begin 
 to be W'idely dispersed. Chimborazo, 200 feet 
 high, is loftiest and, eastwardh', ruggedest, for- 
 midablest — the ft'owning Gibraltar of the range ; 
 Capitol Hill, w'ith the jobbing quarter massed at 
 Ills base, the most central ; and five of them — 
 Libliy, Cliimborazo, Capitol, Gamble's and Re- 
 .scrvoir hills — are tastfully and forehandedly 
 
THE CITY ( )X Tim JAMES. 
 
 15 
 
 crowiu'cl w itli Junks. Tlic great (■!<' ft 
 of Shockot' t-ivek vt-ry near evenly 
 divides the^^e heights into two priu- 
 cijial groujis; and throngh this rii't 
 tliat ereek still flows, walled in the 
 greater jiart of its eourse — a grand 
 cloaca for the drainage of these lulls, 
 with its vent in the James. Beliind 
 the groups the natural anipliitheater 
 of tlie valley of this ereek forms a 
 commodious ternnnal giriund for 
 the rail.roa<ls foeussing at the eity, 
 which, though only in part devoted 
 to that inirpcjse yet, is one scarce 
 anywhere snrpassi'd. 
 
 THE HEART OF THE CITY. 
 
 Feoji the nver advancing the 
 Wholesale Quarter of the city 
 terraces the bases of Church and 
 Capitol hills over a zone about five squares wide 
 and thirty long. Studding this belt, on its lower 
 margin, are the nulls and the factories men- 
 tioned already as aligning the canal ; and round 
 about them, with scarcely a vacancy anj'wherc 
 in the array, lumber and coal and ice yards and 
 elevators ; massive warehouses, to be guaged as 
 acreage rather than in feet, nineteen of them 
 for the storage of tobacco in the leaf alone, and 
 of 27,500 hogsheads aggregate capacity ; tobacco 
 " stemmeries, " " reprizeries " and "rehandle- 
 ries ; " cigarette and cheroot and plug and smok- 
 ing tobacco factories, more than 100 of them 
 altogether, representing $5,000,000 of capital 
 invested, and $14,000,000 aggregate annual pro- 
 duction — concerns, in fact, of every branch of 
 
 New City Hall. Broad Strpet. 
 
 Masonic Temple, Broid SLreel. 
 
 the trade which is the main stay of the city's 
 commerce ; and interspersed with these, foun- 
 dries and implement works, banks and real 
 estate, and insurance agencies, conunercial ex- 
 changes and jobbing houses of every order, ap- 
 parently, under the sun. "The Dock," or Dock 
 street, is a sort of a Eialto for merchants in for- 
 eign and maritime business. Shockoe Slip and 
 Lane, Byrd and Cary, and the adjacent streets, 
 are devoted mo.stly to the tobacco traffic, particu- 
 larly to sampling, storing, auctioning and other 
 transactions in leaf iNIain is the street of the 
 banks, and of the four local insurance compa- 
 nies, one of which, the Mutual Assurance 
 Society, has reached the ripe old age of ninety- 
 and-ninc. 
 
 The . architecture of this district 
 is, generally speaking, of substantial 
 rather than ornate characteristics. 
 The most impressive fronts, and these 
 rather for their extent than style, are 
 those of the principal toljacco facto- 
 ries, more particularly those of the 
 Allex & GiNTER Company, the Cajie- 
 Rox. Bros., and the T. C. 'Williams 
 Company. The Tobacco Exchange is 
 an unpretentious building of brick, in 
 ]iart used as a warehouse ; the Post 
 Office or Custom House is of native 
 granite, severely simple in treatment, 
 and remarkable most as one the few 
 Federal ImiMings constructed within 
 the limit of the appropriation for it, 
 some ?400,000 ; and the Y. M. C. A. 
 Hal! and Union Depot are composites 
 
16 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 of red pressed brick and terra cotta of ratliir 
 more recent type. "\\'hile these, strictly spctik- 
 ing, are about all the public buildings in tlic 
 wholesale district proper, there are, besides 
 them, two new otHce buildings of the veiy latest 
 commercial mode, those of the "Times" news- 
 paper anil of the 1'lanter.s' Bask. There is a 
 new State Library Building and a grand 
 hotel — The Jefkersox — like the best in Xew 
 York, planned for Richmond also ; and when 
 the new Chamber of Com.mercb, now under 
 way, is completed, (a Romanesque di'sign, to 
 cost, with its site, 8!200,000), the city will be 
 able to boast of one of the finest edifices of the 
 sort to the south of old Mas<:m & Dixon's Line. 
 
 THE " WEST END." 
 
 Fro.m ^lain street, ascending Cai)itol Hill, 
 tlie distaiK'e is easy to Broad, distinctively the 
 Retail Tikiroughfare of the city, and a high- 
 way which, with its ample widtli of 118 feet, 
 and many fine buildings of modern pattern, 
 divides metropolitan honors with !Main. On 
 Broad are located the great "department 
 houses" of the city — ^the "emporiums" and 
 " palaces" of trade — and on Broad street, also, 
 are the Masonic Temi^le, a modification of the 
 Romanesque, which cost the ancient fraternity 
 to which it belongs $144,000 ; and the imposing 
 pile of the New City Hall, fashioned in the 
 manner of the German Renaissance, of rough- 
 hewn Richmdiid granite, at an expense already 
 of $1,000,000, while it is estimated that, to com- 
 plete it, $.500,000 more is required ; a tenement, 
 this, for the body corporate, which, even in its 
 unfinished condition, evinces to the stranger 
 not a little of Richmond's civic aspirations and 
 pride. 
 
 It is, however, in the fashionable residence 
 district of the AVest End, bounded, lengthwise, 
 on the one hand by Main, and on the other by 
 Broad, and intersected by Franklin and Grace 
 streets, that the opulence and taste and artistic 
 ideals of this prosperous and progressive city are 
 externally manifest most. In this district are 
 costly temples of worship, like the Norman 
 Grace-Street Baptist, and Gothic Park-Place 
 Methodist churclies ; stately mansions, like the 
 classic INIayo and Anderson and Renaissant Har- 
 ris and Ginter homes, for the last named of 
 which a fortune of $125,000 was disbursed ; 
 luxurious club-houses, like the Westjioreland 
 and the Co.m>ioxwealth ; well-kept plazas and 
 paseos, hke Ciamble's and INIonroe and Reser- 
 voir parks and Hermitage Boulevard ; and a 
 
 wcahli of statuary and stirring memorials, 
 whicli fairly entitles this city, above all others, 
 tn designation as the Monumental City of the 
 land. There are fine old mansions, also of the 
 ante-helluin sort, in the eastern and older parts 
 of the city ; and this division, with its share, 
 too, of ])arks and jilastic mementos, is, likewise, 
 lircoiiiingly adorned. 
 
 C'Al'ITliL I'AKK. 
 
 Thkhh are, indeed, few cities (in this country, 
 at least) so richly embellished with splendid ex- 
 amj)les of the sculptor's art as this. 
 
 On the wide mall at the summit of the hill in 
 the grounds of the Capitol, a spacious reserva- 
 tion of the open has been left to give the projier 
 degree of effectiveness to what is very generally 
 conceded, by those who have seen it, the noblest 
 group of statuary in America. — the "Washing- 
 ton Group" of seven celebrated Virginians — 
 George Washington, Patrick Henry, Thomas 
 Jefferson, George Mason, Thomas Nelson, Jr., 
 John ]\Iarshall and Andrew Lewis ; a group in 
 bronze, of heroic sul>jeet as well as proportions, 
 on a star-shaped base of native granite. This 
 work was twenty years, nearly, in course of exe- 
 cution — from 1849, when it was begun by Craw- 
 ford, until 1868, when it was finished by Ran- 
 dolpli Rogers. It cost $260,000. AVashington 
 is elevated, by way of eminence, in the midst 
 of his compatriots ; mounted, commanding, au- 
 gust; as he was in life, majestically moulded. 
 And nothing could be finer, nothing more 
 speaking, than this figure of Henry, at once 
 life-like and spiritual, both in feature and ges- 
 ture — the very acme of the emotional, the elo- 
 quent, the impassioned — a rendering, with new 
 meaning, of the metajjlior "magnetic" — par ex- 
 cellence the orator typified ; nothing more na- 
 tural than the thoughtful, the philosophic, in 
 the whole pose of Jefferson, or the judicial, ex- y 
 pressed in the mien and drapery of Marshall. 
 Faults, doubtless, this great cast has to cavil at ; 
 the conventional modelling of the war-horse, 
 some say, and the stagey attitude of Lewis, 
 who is here represented in the garb and char- 
 acter of the frontiersman he was ; but it bears, 
 nevertheless, the stamp of a finished produc- 
 tion, a master- work and triumph, and is, cer- 
 tainly, an example of genuine art. 
 
 It has quickening accessories. It is in the 
 shadow of the Old Capitol, which was planned, 
 they sa)', Ijy Jefferson, after something archaic 
 he saw in France, and which is a storehouse and , 
 
 magazine of National as well as State treasures — I 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 17 
 
 documents, records, maps, pictures, X'ortraits 
 iliiselled and in oil — a relique and reliquary 
 at once, itself; and of the spii'e of the sanctuary 
 of St. Paul's, in which the President of the Con- 
 federacy was kneeling: when tlie courier lirout;ht 
 
 and a full-length bronze, whose inscription re- 
 minds us that here is Jackson, standing, as his 
 wont was in the face of the foe, like a stone wall. 
 It has a foreground of grand old forest trees, the 
 habitat of the host of squirrels that swarm in 
 
 Confederate Memorials — the Lee, "Stonewall" Jackson and Soldiers' Monuments, 
 
 him, from Petersburg, the fateful tidings presu.i;- 
 ing the grand finale at Ajipomattox. Within a 
 stone's throw is the old brick Bell-House of the 
 guards of the Ancient Regime ; the marl)le effigy 
 of Hexky t'l.AV, housed in a iiavilinn of his own ; 
 
 this Cajiitol grove, as the monument itself is, 
 likewise, for the sparrows that nest in the hollow 
 of the arm and the folds of the toga of the Sage 
 of ^lonticello, or in the nostrils of the charger and 
 the sword-hilt of the First President. Through 
 
18 
 
 THP] CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 '\0!^t 
 
 rindicate TurnpiKes 
 »»<.»»»»|nclicate Suburban 
 Railroad to Seven Pines. 
 
 the desperate charge of the Virsinia division 
 ' ' into tlie jaws of deatli and tlie moutli of liell," 
 np the terrible triangle at CTettysburg. On the 
 Hermitage road about three miles out, north- 
 west, the bronze flgui'e of General A. P. IIim.. 
 that stout champion in arms of the South, marks 
 his last resting place ; and in Monroe Park is a 
 bronze statue of WiCKUAir, who was prominent 
 as a i)aladin in the war, and as a politician and 
 railroad man in time of peace. 
 
 A\'ith all which remembrance of t'elebrities, 
 the rank and file, of the late war at least, ha? 
 not 1 icen left to moulder unhonored and unwept. 
 In Hollywood cemetery a pyramid of rough 
 granite, ninety feet to its ajiex, raised by the 
 wonu-n of the city in 1869, marks the eternal 
 bivouac of 12,000 of the side of the Graj*. On 
 Liliby Hill a Pomjiey's Pillar, to l;)e suitably 
 surmounted with a soldii'r of lironze, keeps 
 memory green for hundreds more of private 
 station to the manor l)orn and raised, who fell 
 in the heat of the conflict under the Stars and 
 Bars. And on Howitzer Place, not far from 
 Lee Circle, is an image in lironze of a cannoneer, 
 erected in commemoration of the service of the 
 IJichmond Howitzers, three companies of them, 
 rei-iresenting especially the mercantile element 
 of tlie city, and participants, one or other bat- 
 tery (jf them, in every engagement of import- 
 ance, from Bethel to the end. 
 
 vistas of the park, from the portit'o of the CaiJi- 
 tol, the river shows, far and away, a cord of 
 silver in the emerald embroideiy of intervale ; 
 and overhead is the serene Virginia empyrean 
 of these piping times of peace. A combination 
 which it would be difficult anywhere to match ; 
 which it is vain to attempt to extol ; which 
 leaves an impression with those who are im- 
 pressionalile at all, of abiding reminisc(>nce ; 
 lasting, permanent, profound. 
 
 OTHER ADOUXMEXTS lU' AUT. 
 
 In the rotunda of the Cai>ital is Houdox's 
 Washingtox, done in marble from casts and 
 measurements taken by the sculptor from the 
 living person of the Father of His Ccjuntry 
 himself, and a bust of Lafayette, by the same 
 cunning hand. In Lee Circle, at the west end 
 of the city, an equestrian likeness in bronze of 
 General Kodert E. Lee, by JMercie, of Paris, 
 springs from a iiedestal of granite, designed l:iy 
 the French ai-chitect Pujot, that cost, as a whole, 
 675,000. In Holywood is an obelisk over the 
 grave of General Georce E. PrrKETT, who led 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 19 
 
 KEEPSAKES I'lUCSEUVKI). 
 
 In a lari.'er sense of Natiuiial iiatriinony, even, 
 tliaii the Old t'apitol here is, all Richmond is a 
 repository of souvenirs legendary and historieal 
 (and Eevoliitionary and Colonial in particular), 
 dear to everj- American heart. On the "Old 
 ]\rayo I'lace," or Powhatan Seat, in the sulmrli 
 of Fulton, a rude boulder, with defaced inscrip- 
 tion, under a vine-clad summer-house, marks 
 the tomb of the Sagamore Powh.vtax, though it 
 must be confessed that the fact of his burial 
 
 hou.se also, as well as in tlie f'aiiitol. are many 
 objects of antiquarian interest. Among the 
 Westmoreland portraits are a Queen Elizabeth 
 and an Essex (not her Essex, however), a 
 Francis Drake, a Sir Walter Raleigh, and a 
 Captain .John Smith ; a Pocahontas and Rolph ; 
 two Patrick Heniys (taken at different jieriods 
 in his careei') ; a Benjamin Franklin on porce- 
 lain, painted in France ; a Lord Culpeper, a 
 .Tefferson, a Kno.x, a Randolph of Roanoke, 
 and many more. And among papers lodged 
 with the ai-chives of the Commonwealth are 
 
 Gallery of Distinguished Virginians in ihe Rotunda of the Old Capitol. 
 
 here is not tlioi-oughly authenticated. The 
 city is custodian of an old stone house, on Main 
 sti'eet, known as "Washington's Headquarters," 
 and of that heirloom cherished for Liberty's 
 sake, St. John'.s Chuhch. Besides the gallen- of 
 governors and others, renowned in the chroni- 
 cles of the State, there is another collection of 
 original and, some of them, priceless portraits 
 of American personages in the possession of the 
 Mrginia Historical Society, which is domiciled 
 with the Westmoreland Club; and in this cluli- 
 
 A\';ishington autographs, the parole granted 
 CoENWALLis after Yorktown, the lawyer's fee- 
 book of Patrick Henry, Jefl'erson's marriage 
 bond, and Stonewall Jackson's last dispatch. 
 
 The White House of the Confederacy, the 
 residence of Pke.sidext Davls during the war, 
 has been converted, by an association formed for 
 tlie purpose, into a nmseum of relics of the Lost 
 Cause. Of him who was head and front, leader 
 and exponent of that cause, Richmond is, fit- 
 tingly, the place of sepulture ; and a movement 
 
20 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 is afoot among the citizens liere, and tlirnuirhout 
 the South, to raise liim a mausoleum wortliy the 
 issue so much of wliich he was. 
 
 THE BATTLE FIELDS. 
 
 To the suiTivore of the Civil ^\^^l■, Northern 
 and Southern, the vicinage of Richmond must 
 alwaj's be hallowed ground. Here almost every 
 field and hedge, every copse and brake, and 
 brook and pike, is of melancholy interest, as a 
 reminder of some fierce ejiisode of the internecine 
 epoch, when "On to Kichniond," was the war- 
 
 grown since the war, which is now — .singular 
 transformation — a Sunday resort and picnic 
 grounds. 
 
 Hard by this quondam scene of slaughter is a 
 National Cemetery, in which 1,376 of the soldiers 
 of the North who fell before this coveted strong- 
 hold, are marshalled, with military ])recision, 
 in dress pai-ade of death ; and nearer still is 
 another assemblage, as pathetically ordered, of 
 0,54.5 more. Between sixty and seventy thou- 
 sand, altogether, of the dead of that war, lie 
 liuried in and around Kichnmnd; licith sides, 
 
 INTERIOR OF OLD ST. JOHN'S, 
 
 Scene of that sitting of the Vir-j^mia House of Burgesses in which Patrick Henry uttered his ever-memorable 
 
 " Libertu or Death! " 
 
 ciy of the North, and this devoted' city was 
 furiously assailed, and as furiously defended, as 
 the strategic point, final and ultimate, the key- 
 politic of the war. The battle grounds nearest 
 the city are those of the Seven Days' FrGiiTixii, 
 though there are earth-works in fair preserAti- 
 tion everywhere in the outskirts ; and the most 
 readily accessible is the field of Seven Pines, or 
 Fair Oaks, about seven miles out, at the end of 
 the Seven Pines suburlian railroad, in a wood 
 
 BliU' and Oray; under the .sod of the same 
 fields upon which they sealed their devotion 
 to principle with their lives; under the one 
 pall of earth and shroud ; ashes to ashes, dust 
 to dusf, in con.secrated ground! 
 
 SUBURBAN GIJOWTIT. 
 
 Steadily toward and over these outskirts, 
 wearing still, in many parts, the seal's of the 
 tremendous conflicts of thirty years ago, the city 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 21 
 
 spreads, in ilue course of its (Icvclopinent, on its 
 own side of the river, East, Wi'st and Nnrtli, 
 almost to tliat same war-time moat of tlie Cliii/k- 
 ahominy, whieii, in those terrible fraternal 
 seven days' trials-at-arnis, more than once ran 
 red with blood. 
 Steadily southward 
 also, the river not- 
 withstanding, I « lu rs 
 itsoverjilus popula- 
 tion into the lap of 
 its nearest of kin, 
 the city of Man- 
 CUBSTER over tile 
 way — which thrif- 
 ty sister burg, not to 
 lie outdone in this 
 matter of i;r(i\vth 
 and p r ogress ive- 
 ness, is taking on 
 likewise a new and 
 handsomer counte- 
 nain'e, and a sur- 
 prising additional 
 suburban circum- 
 ference of late. 
 
 Since 1889, Rich- 
 mond's girth has 
 
 increased by one and a half t<i two miles of new 
 suburli ; ^lanchester liy nearly as much ground. 
 Richmond has encroat'hed upon 4,000 acres of its 
 rural background in that short time ; !Manche.s- 
 ter upon something like 3,000. Lee District, 
 
 round million at least. The estimate of the 
 sums spent for building improvements, and in 
 developmental projects, like grading and plat- 
 ting, viaduct Ijuilding and street railroad ex- 
 tension at Richmonil, in this same period, ai'e 
 
 The Post Office, Custom House and Federal Court Building. 
 
 annexed by orilinance to Richmnnd proper in 
 1891, embraces 280 acres of the >Vest End, and 
 augments the taxable values of the city bv a 
 
 THE WHITE HOUSE OF THE CONFEDERACY. 
 Tfie Residence of President Davis during the War. 
 
 §2,.500,000; in Manchester, $1,000,000. The 
 Real Est.vte Sales of Richmond alone, during 
 this same time, have lieen $7,000,000 and over ; 
 so that with the Manchester transfers added, 
 and the improvements included, a grand aggre- 
 gate of nearly $12,000,000 has been ex- 
 pended for realty and lietterments within 
 the short space of thirty-six months. 
 
 And all this, too, forehanded brethren 
 of the booming West, upon the secure 
 foundation of terra firma, and without in- 
 vading the clouds. There were built at 
 Richmond, in 1891, 508 new houses; in 
 1890, 939, and in 1889, some 600 ; or 2,147 
 altogether ; the whole of the value of 
 S2,922,400. These were, most of them, 
 residences ; liut the official list discloses 
 also a good many factories and stores ; 
 and during the current year (1892) there 
 is an unusual number of down-town stnic- 
 tures under way. In the work of subur- 
 ban improvement the BriLDixc; axd Loax 
 Associ.iTioxs of the city, of which there 
 are fourteen, with aggregate stock sub- 
 scrii>tions of more than Sl.'5,000,000, have 
 jilayed a busy and effective part ; through their 
 agency, the working masses, and not the white 
 element exclusively either, are leavening witli 
 
22 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 tlie first iiicriitivi' tii real indcin'iiiU'iKv — the 
 hope to anniire a liome. 
 
 The improvements involvins tlie larni'f^t snins 
 are tliose of tlie 1! vkihn IIfoigiits ('(impaxv, 
 
 wickham-statue' 
 
 statue of Genera! Wins. C. Wickharn, Confederate Com- 
 mander and Railroad President, Monroe Parl<. 
 
 wliieli lias jilaeeil on the market several ex- 
 tensive traets situateil nortli of the city, and 
 built a S.'!5,000 iron viaduct over Shockoe Creek, 
 to make them accessible by car line ; of the 
 North-Side Land Company, which has ex- 
 pended $27o,000 on its jminierty, lying high and 
 sightly close to the northern boundary of the 
 city, and built an $So,000 viaduct over Bacon's 
 Quarter Branch, by which to reach it ; of Ma- 
 jor Lewis Gixter, head of the Allen & Ginter 
 Tobacco Company, whose projected^§oOO,000 up- 
 town hotel and lavish expenditui'es upon the 
 roads and lamls contiguous to his countiy house, 
 situated about three or four miles out to the 
 northwest nf the cit_y, indicate a very eiim- 
 mendable spirit of home pride u[ion his part ; 
 of the Richmond and Manchester Railway 
 AND Improvement Company, which has con- 
 verted the horse-roads connecting the two 
 cities into an electric line, and laid out charm- 
 ing Forest Hill Park, in the extreme west end 
 of Manchester, for a terminal resort ; and of tlie 
 Atlantic Coast Line route, which has brirlged 
 the river and belted the city, to facilitate its 
 freight trattic, at an expense of SoOO,Ol)0. 
 
 A KEFLEX (IF LARGER (iRCJWTII. 
 
 "Very like "a boom of our own," yi>ii will 
 say, jierbaps, dear reader uf the ( )c-cidcnt ; hut 
 
 nil liiioui at all, we assure ymi — luilliing phe- 
 nomenal ; nut a bit like the mirage of your 
 Sunset Land. A solid, a sniiinl and natural 
 growth, rather — an accivting and compacting 
 at all points. The growth of this city mirrors 
 Mrginia's growth, and, in \'ery large ilegree, that 
 also of till- South ; the development of the truck- 
 ing business and the coast fisheries ; the lumber- 
 ing and coal and iron and other mining going on ; 
 the raih-oad and town building ; the Northern 
 and other outside capital poured in for invest- 
 ment in the lands and enterprises of its field ; 
 the wealth accumulated during twenty-seven 
 years of [leace, and some fifteen of progress un- 
 im])eded by social disorder or eivil commotion ; 
 the general industrial and commereial rijiening, 
 in short. 
 
 Accreting and compacting Richmond is, we 
 repeat, at all points. The States that are tribu- 
 tary to it — the two Virginias, the Carolinas, 
 Georgia and Tennessee, with its outlying prov- 
 inces in ]\Iarylanil, Eastern Kentucky and 
 North Alabama — have a tenth of the area 
 and a sixth of the population of the country at 
 large ; and if only those parts of them that 
 can be clearly defined as its trade territory be 
 taken into account, it is the market-place for 
 .5,G'J.5,000 people, and for the iiroducts of a re- 
 gion whose area is KiO.OOO sijuare miles ; a region 
 of cotton and tobacco growing on an extraordi- 
 nary scale ; the region frnm which this cuuntry's 
 
 HILL STATUE 
 
 Statue of Lieutenant-General A. P. Hill, Confederate Corps 
 Commander, Herrr.itage Road. 
 
 lumber and coal ami ii'mi siip|ily "f the future 
 must \rry largely be drawn; a ri'gion, too, 
 wliiise develoimient, lung settled though it is, 
 has only just begun; sn that the prospect of 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAISIES. 
 
 23 
 
 ndvanoement unfolded to this city is as invit- 
 ing to thf liusiness man, as any liold out in the 
 land. 
 
 In tliis Kiclunond field are no let^s than tliirty 
 <'ities of 8,000 jiopulatiiin and uinvard, twenty of 
 whieh have :!0,000 inhahitants or more, and 
 (■iiiht, .30,000 and better. There are rivals to 
 Kiehmond, to be sure, among these last, Norfolk 
 in its own state ; Wilniington, N. C, Charleston, 
 S. C, Savannah and Atlanta, Ga., Knoxville, 
 Chattanooga and Xashville, Tenn., Birndng- 
 ham, Ala. ; but in this class it is indisputaljly 
 foremost ; foremost in population, in the sinews 
 of commerce, and in influence the ijaramiiunt ; 
 and in the grand tourney of trade in which all 
 the Southern cities contend, e^en the great city 
 of Baltimore, albeit twdce the stature of Rich- 
 mond in a business way, finds it mi mean com- 
 jK'titor, no champion unworthy its gage. 
 
 TH.INSPORT.VTIOX FACII.ITIKS. 
 
 Fori! great railroad systems radiate from Uich- 
 niond, and ramify thoroughly this Kichmcmil 
 held: The "Dan- 
 ville" or "R. & D." 
 (Richmond and Dan- 
 ville), as it is fannliar- 
 ly known; the "At- 
 L.iNTic Co.\.sT Line," 
 the "C.&O." (Chesa- 
 peake and Ohio), and 
 "X. & W." (Norfolk 
 and "Western) ; and 
 
 besides these one minor local line, the Farm- 
 ville and Powhatan, 92 miles long; two 
 coastwise Steamship lines, the "Ci.vriK" and 
 
 Pa k Place Me hod si Church 
 
 , 1 "' % 
 
 Grace Street Baptist Church. 
 
 "Old Dominion," and two steamboat lines, the 
 "ViRGiNi.i," and a new one just chartered, to 
 lily the length of navigation on the James ; 
 which water lines are especially servicable as 
 carriers of heavy freights and as regulators, 
 by their competition, of railroad fares and rates. 
 The four systems are the principal arteries of 
 traffic in the South- Atlantic States. The Dan- 
 ville extends (main line and connections) from 
 ^\ a^hingtin through Virginia, the Carolinas, 
 Georgia, Alabama and Tennessee, 
 to Memphis Tenn., and Greenville, 
 Miss., on the ^MissLssijipi river ; the 
 Atlantic Coast Line is the Southern 
 extension of the great Pennsylvania 
 system, and is the through route to 
 Florida ; the C. & O. proceeds from 
 Norfolk and Newport News, at the 
 ^'irginia seaside, and from the Na- 
 tional Capital, through Virginia and 
 Kentucky to Cincinnati, central in 
 the \\'est ; and the N. & AV. reaches 
 from Norfolk, througli Si:>uthern, 
 Central and Southwestern Mrginia, 
 and tlirough the whole length of 
 West Virginia (districts the seats of 
 extraordinary iron, coal and lum- 
 bering developments of late), to 
 Ironton, Ohio, and is destined, 
 
24 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 finally, to Columbus, in the same State. The 
 aggregate mileage of these various lines is 
 12,448. 
 
 TR.\DE ST.VTISTICS. 
 
 Richmond and ]Manchester, we say, are prac- 
 tically one trade center, and as such are con- 
 sidered throughout this work. 
 
 According to the enumeration made pericMli- 
 
 NEW STATE LIBRARY BUILDING, 
 W. M. Poindexter, Washington, D. C, and Richnnond, Architect, 
 
 cally by K. (t. Dun & Co.'s Commercial Agency, 
 Richmond the trade center has 1,637 business 
 houses of all classes of any note — 290 of them 
 engaged in AViioles.\le Trade. Of these whole- 
 sale concerns 126 are manufacturers, and 164, 
 strictly speaking. Jobbers. These jobbing houses 
 are represented on the road by a legion of SOO 
 drummers, an aggressive and tireless legion, by 
 whom the city's aggregate jobbing sales of $36,- 
 000,000 in 1891, were for the most part made. 
 
 The grocery and provision trade of the city i.s 
 something like $20,000,000 a year alone ; the 
 dry goods trade, $3,850,000 ; the hardware and 
 agricultui'al implement business, $2,000,000. 
 
 The reports of the Cotton and Grain Exchange 
 of the city exhiViit a trade in the Aoricultur.\l 
 St.^ples (toliacco, domestic produce and fruits 
 not included) of $3,.500.000 in 1891, of which 
 $1,500,000 was cotton, and $810,705 was grain. 
 
 The CusTOJis Receipts of the district of Rich- 
 mond and West Point, which latter is also a 
 port of entry for the city, show exports foreign, 
 during the last y(>ar for which a statement was 
 rendered, of 118,422 bales of cotton, valued at 
 $5,890,000 ; 2,209 hogsheads of tobacco, $170,000 ; 
 23,500 barrels of flour, $128,000 — a total of 
 $6,263,000. 
 
 The sales of Leak Tobacco, Ijy the records of 
 the Tobacco Exchange, dnrintr the year ending 
 with Decembers!, 1891, were 50,000,000 pounds, 
 of the aggregate value of $8,975,000. The ex- 
 ports of manufactured tobacco — through other 
 ports as well as this, be it remembered — were, in 
 1891 : 5,678,845 pounds manufactured tobacco, 
 56,670,000 cigarettes, and 1,045,134 clieroots— 
 the wliole of the value of $2,b50,000. 
 
 MAXUPACTURES. 
 
 It is, however, to Manufactikes that 
 the largest measure of Richmond's latter- 
 day advancement must be ascribed. It 
 has now, according to 
 the newspaper annuals, 
 twenty -five Ste.mmeries, 
 ReprizeriEs, and other 
 establishments preparing 
 "leaf" for shipment and 
 manufacture, with a gross 
 annual product of the 
 value of $2, 160, 000; thirty- 
 one Plug and Smoking To- 
 bacco Faitoribs, with a 
 gross annual product of 
 $6,675,000; sixty-four Cig- 
 arette and Cheroot Fac- 
 tories ( file latter, a branch 
 of trade which is t lie growth of a few years only, ) 
 with gross annual product of $3, 700,000 ; a grand 
 total for manufactures of tobacco of 120 estab- 
 lishments, representing 8,820 hands emjiloyed. 
 
 $5,0.58,000 of ca]iita 
 
 and $12,535,000 
 
 All Saints' Episcopal Church, 
 
 of gross annual jiroduct. These are the figures 
 of the DispatcJi newspaper, and a comparison 
 of them with the National Census Statistics of 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 25 
 
 1890 shows them eiitivt-ly witliiii licniinls. The 
 Internal Revenue cdllections, ehio'fly tlie excise 
 upon toljacco inanufactured in this district, are 
 now ahout §1,500,000 a year. 
 The gross value of the 
 
 IrOX jM.\XUFACTrRES of 
 
 Richmond, carriage-mak- 
 ing and agricultural imple- 
 ments included, is S4,0'.).i,- 
 000 annually, and this 
 interest is secoml mily tn 
 tobacco, among the ]iro- 
 duetive industries of the 
 city. In one of its works 
 of this class, the RicnMoxn 
 Locomotive .\xd M.vcnixK 
 Works, the machinery for 
 the new battle-ship Texas, 
 a §600,000 contract, has 
 just been comi)leted, and 
 an order follows that frir 
 twenty - live locomotives, 
 to be tilled at onoe. 
 
 ^lanufactures of Lim- 
 ber, boxes and Ijuililing 
 material, at Richmond, 
 foot up $770,000 of tinisheil proiluct annually. 
 
 Manufacture of FERTrLiZERs, §1,075,000 in the 
 game time. 
 
 ^Manufactures of Floi'k axd ^Ieai., s2,7:!o,- 
 000. 
 
 beds, are rapidly expanding trades. Richmond 
 building and paving granite is the standard of 
 qnality over a large part of the country, and 
 Riclimonil l)rick is in urowim;- demand through- 
 
 National Cemetery near Richmond 
 
 The quarrying of Graxite from the inexhaust- 
 ible ledges of it that buttress tlie city on all 
 sides, and the niakini;' nf r>i:iiK' from its clay 
 
 Washington Headquarters. 
 
 (jut the State, and those adjacent, as a superior 
 l)uilding material. The granite business of the 
 city (quarrying and finishing combined) is esti- 
 mated at .SOOO.OOO a year, and the production of 
 brick, at S2!K),00(I. 
 
 The total number nf iiKinufacturing establish- 
 ments ill Richmimd the trade center, is 1,000. 
 Tliey employ 21,:).')0 hands; and pay in wages 
 t.i tiie.se, from S8,000,000 to §8,500,000 a year. 
 In the manufacturing industries $17,000,000 
 itipital is invested, and their gi-oss annual pro- 
 duct is .•?;M,500,000 in value. 
 
 By manufactures, in fact, the fabric of Rich- 
 iiionil's commerce has been niost largely raised 
 and concreted ; ami by manuftn'tures it is most 
 likely til cnntinue to rise. The city has ex- 
 ceptiiinal advantages for them: in the abund- 
 ance of raw products available, the lumber and 
 iron, zinc, mica, )iyrites, kaolin, spar, grain, 
 cotton and tobacco, of its tributaries; in its 
 cheap fuel sujiply, so cheap that one of its rail- 
 roads penetrating the coal fields of the State 
 and West A'irginia — the Chesapeake and Ohio — 
 has it loaded on the car at sixty cents the ton ; 
 in its water power, its tractalile lilack laboring 
 element, its area accessible for fiictory sites, its 
 moderate taxes, its even climate, favorable 
 alike to continuous production throughout the 
 seasons, and to the well-being of the emploj'ed ; 
 and more than all, in its ceiitralitv i.if location 
 
26 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 for (lislribiition among' a deuSL' poinilation, ainl 
 its auipk' fiU'ilitics fipr traiisportation. watrr ami 
 rail. 
 
 A SIMMARY. 
 
 The capital and surplus of the fifteen Banks 
 of the cit)", not counting brokerage business, 
 approximates $(5,000,000. The aggregate re- 
 sources of the banking houses proper, are up- 
 varils of $17,.500,000. The liank clearances of 
 bSOl were something like -SISO, 000,000. nearly 
 S7,2.")O,00O more than in 1890, ami sli>.(l00.000 
 more than in ISSS). 
 
 These Ijank clearings are the equivalent, \ery 
 iieai'ly, of the grand aggregate of the animal 
 «-ommerce of the city (]Manche.ster included), at 
 present, in round numbers, §30,000,000 of job- 
 bing business ; 8:)4,.')00,000 of manufactures ; 
 .■i;s,97.3,000 of sales of leaf tobacco ; SS,3S0,000 of 
 exports ; ^^4, 000,000 of real estate transactions 
 and Ijuilding improvements ; So,.'i00,000 of trade 
 in grain and cotton — the remainder, coal, lum- 
 ber and granite, retail business, and other items, 
 not matters of record, or easily difterentiated 
 from the rest. 
 
 The Poeii.ATioN of liichmnnd, estimated u]«in 
 the very conservative basis of the I'. S. Census 
 of 18',)0, is 00,000; with :Manchester and the 
 .suburbs added, ll."),000. The Tax A'aluatioxs 
 of Richmond itself are S.39,2."i0,000; of Richmond 
 and Manchester together, and Henrico County, 
 
 largely increased by assessments of Richmond's 
 outlying parts, 870,500,000. 
 
 This, in a nutshell, is Richmond, in the year 
 15.') of its corporate existence, and iS5 of its set- 
 tlement. In 1892, the four hundredth year of 
 the (thicat Di.scovekv — glorious and far-reaching 
 achievement 1 And genesis of how many more 
 momentous events sui)plementary, on the long 
 scroll of which, is indellibly inscribed, the name 
 and title to renown of this same Riciimoxd, the 
 City ox the James 1 
 
 RICHMOND IN HISTORY. 
 
 First Settlement at the Kails of the James. - 1609 
 Tobacco iarst Exported about . . - - 1619 or '20 
 
 Settlement known as "Fort Charles." - - - 1644 
 
 Scene of Bacon's Rebellion, ------- 1676 
 
 Known as ' Byrd's Warehouse," ----- 1679 
 
 Tobacco first Manufactured about - - . - 1732 
 
 Laid out by William Byrd. -------- 1737 
 
 Incorporated as Richmond, ------- 1742 
 
 Scene of the Virginia Rev. ^^ouvention, - - 1775 
 
 Capitol of Virginia. 1779 
 
 Burned by Benedict Arnold - - 1781 
 
 James River Canal begun -------- 1794 
 
 Fire in Richmond Theater 160 burnedl, - - t£ii 
 
 James River Canal completed to Lynchburg, 1835 
 
 First Railroad (Richmond and PeterstiurgI, - 1835 
 
 Scene of Secession Convention, 1861 
 
 Capital of the Confederacy, - ■ ----- 1861 
 
 Besieged (Civil Warl, ---..- 1S62 to 1865 
 
 Evacuation Fire, ---,-. 1865 
 
 Capitol Disaster (65 killed), ------- 1870 
 
 The Old Capiloi, witri iii3 Wasriingloii iv/lwnuii'ciu in ii'.c toidgroijr.d ^siJc via/.). 
 
The Body Politic. 
 
 IIEHE is no murkfd ilil- 
 ('(•iviu'c lu'twci'ii Ivicli- 
 iiKiiiil ami tlif (itlirr 
 sizulile A iiiL' rii-a 11 
 cities in its form of 
 Lrovernnient ; it lias 
 this ilistinction, how- 
 L'\er — it is better go\- 
 erned than most of 
 them. For many years the jnililie Inisiness has 
 been condueted, on tlu- whole, sensibly, eeonom- 
 ieally, and in eonsonaiu'o with the progressive 
 eommercial spirit of the community. A:id if 
 the municipal policy as evinced by its course 
 in the past is open to criticism at all, it is be- 
 cause the corporation of Richmond has been 
 <3nly too forward in furtherance of projects de- 
 signed to advance the business interests of Rich- 
 mond the trade center, and through them to con- 
 tribute to the general prosperity and good. 
 
 TiiK city's ( kedit. 
 
 The present debt of the city, for instance, was 
 nearly all contracted for [mblic improvements ; 
 part of it lieSjre the war, in aid of canal and 
 railroad couistruction. Balancing, or nearly so, 
 this debt, now amounting to §6,609,000— all 
 funded so as to be in gradual process of extinc- 
 tion, however — are the assets of a Water- AVorks, 
 a Gas- Works, valued at 81,000,000, a new City 
 Hall (representing over 81,000,000 paid out as it 
 stands), seventeen school-houses, the equipment 
 of the fire cori)s, three public markets, and stock 
 in the Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac 
 Railroad ; not to speak of the security aflbrded 
 by 860,000,000 of asses.sed valuations, against 
 which it is, in reality, a liability and charge. 
 The limit of indebtedness fixed by law has, be- 
 sides, about been reached ; and the credit-fiscal 
 of the city is evinced by the fact that its lowest 
 interest-bearing bonds, the4's, are at par, and 
 the highest, the S's at :il per I'eiit. prciiiiuiii. 
 
 MOIIK OK (ioVEltNMUNT. 
 
 A Mrxuii-.vi, legislature, constituted in two 
 1 louses, is the governing body at Richmond. 
 In both of these the wards have an equal rei>re- 
 sentation. The powers of this body, additional 
 to legislation, are extensive. It ai>points the 
 City Attorney, City Engineer, Police .Tustii-e, 
 Harlior Master and Port \\'ardens, the Board of 
 Health and tlu' :Market Masters and subordi- 
 
 nate oHicials. It jjrovides, also, annually, for 
 the le\\\' of taxes and public I'evenue. The 
 School Board is independent of it, except in 
 the matter of finances, but the Fire and Police 
 Boards are only administrative commissions 
 under it. 
 
 The Mayor's functions are similar to those of 
 that magistracy elsewhere. The office is held 
 at jiresent by J. T.wlor Ellvsox, whose por- 
 trait is [iresented herein on another page. He is 
 i'.i--i>ffici(i Chairman of the City School Board, and 
 is President of the Police Commission. Other 
 executive officials are the Auditor, Collector, and 
 Treasurer. 
 
 FIX.iXCES AND KEVEXl'E. 
 
 From the figures of the fir.sf of these last- 
 nanieil three, it appears that the real estate 
 valuations of lS91-'92 were S40,i'>6,000 ; those 
 of personal property 818,960,000. The city's 
 tax-rate varies little from year to year. This 
 year it is 81.-10 on the humlred dollars of valua- 
 tion. The State tax is 40 cents on the hundred, 
 so that the whole tax-rate of the city is 81.80 on 
 the hundred. Suburban iiroperty lying outside 
 tlie corporate limits pays county and State taxes 
 of fl() cents on the hundred. 
 
 The annual revenue from taxes is augmented 
 by water and gas and licen.se collections, and 
 other receii^ts, so that the total is now some- 
 thing like 82,650,000 a year. The disburse- 
 ments annually are approaching, with the 
 growth of the city, that Siime sum. The re- 
 ceiiits from the Gas-Works are about 8225,000 
 a year, and from water 81.">5,000. Tlie Gas- 
 Works were operated last \-car at a iiroflt ot 
 the city of 840,000, ami the Water- Works of 
 892,280. 
 
 The principal items of municipal expense 
 (annual), as shown by the .\uditor's Report, 
 are the.se : Street paving and repairs, 8157,000 ; 
 schools, 8107,000 ; ]iolice, 898,500 ; Fire Depart- 
 ment, S7S,:!.5I1; charities, 850,000 ; public healtli 
 ami sanitation, 842.0110 ; salaries, 826.000; street 
 liglits (electric) §26,000; jiarks, 817,000; har- 
 bor, 816,000. 
 
 About 8520,000 more, it is estimated, will be 
 iV(|uired to complete the new City Hall. 
 
 I1E.\I.TH AND SAMTATIOX. 
 
 TiiEdeatli rate of the year LSOl, as reported 
 by Hi-. W. T. (.)i'i>EXHiMEi{, the President of 
 the Boaril of Health of the citv, was 25 and a 
 
28 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 fraction to tlio tliousuiul of popuUition, but the 
 rate for tlic whites was only 22, while that of 
 the colored people was nearly 30, an excess due 
 in part and largely to their unsanitary liabits 
 and in part t" the i;rcati'V infantile mortality 
 anion<jr them. 
 
 The present conditions aflectin;; the general 
 liealth are oliicially rejiorted good. The city has 
 been unusually free from serious epidemics for 
 a long time. Its climate is even and distinct- 
 ively temperate. It enjoys summer Ineczes 
 from sea on the one hand, and is protected 
 from the winter storms by the barrier of the 
 Blue Kidge on the otlier. The mean temiier- 
 ature of tlie year here is about 60. The lowest 
 registration of tlio thermometer last year (,1891) 
 was 2(), in November ; the highest, 92, in Au- 
 gust ; the rainfall was about 472 inches— pretty 
 well distributed throughout the year ; and these 
 were normal seasons. 
 
 Tlie city lies high. There are no contiguous 
 marsh lands. But one part of it is subject to over- 
 flow, and tliis only at long intervals. The gradi- 
 ents are except ionalile liivorable to surface drain- 
 age. Tlie newly-settled districts are, very gene- 
 rally, well sewered, and attention is being given 
 to improvement, in this respect, of the older pre- 
 cincts. 
 
 W.\TER Sl'I'l'I.Y A.VI) LIGHTS. 
 
 TuE city's amiile and wholesome water sup- 
 ply is certainly no k'ss an advantage, in the re- 
 gard of its liealth, comfort and well-being, than 
 as an agency of manufacturing development or 
 as a pniti'ctioii against tire. The source of sup- 
 ply is the river above the city; the means 
 pumjiing stations, reservoirs and street mains. 
 The water is uncommonly clear, and by analysis 
 is disclosed singularly jiure also. The capacity 
 of the works is 24,000,000 gallons daily ; the 
 consumption about lO.iiOO.OOO. The rates ap- 
 proximate those of Ilartfiird, Conn., which is 
 the American city of niinimum water-charges. 
 
 Tlie City (ias-Works have been in operation 
 nearly half a century. Tlieir annual production 
 is about 220,000,000 feet. Tlie charge to con- 
 sumers of city gas is S1.2.') a thousand fret. 
 The works, as we have said, are more than self- 
 sustaining, and changes are jiroijosed to make 
 them (if still greater profit. Besides the gas- 
 lamps pruvided by thecity, arc lights, to the nuni- 
 berof .')00, are furiiislied by the Ricii-Mond Uaii,- 
 w.w .\xi) ICi.EiTuic Co., for the illumination of the 
 streets and )iublic placi'S. The incandescent light 
 is also in vogue, and is supplied Ijy this same com- 
 any at about the jirice in other places. 
 
 rOI.ICE .\XD FIRE SERVICE. 
 
 Tin-: police force of the city now numbers, 
 rank and tile, 100. To maintain it costs about 
 $100,000 a year. It is a well-disciiilined body, 
 larger, perhaps, than might be necessary if it 
 were not fir the two-fifths' fraction of persons 
 111' cdliir in the pnpulatiun ; though it must be 
 admitted that the enfranchised race is disposed 
 as a class to industry, and is, as generally as 
 could be expected, law-abiding. "Sunday law" 
 is rigidly enforced at Richmond. Gambling and 
 t!ie social evil are discountenanced, and are sub- 
 ject always to strict police surveillance. The 
 Chief of the Police is Major .Jmix Toe. 
 
 The fire corps numbers 40 paid men and 91 
 "rail" nii'mliei-s. It has an equiiunent of eight 
 steamers, five hose-carriages and three hose- 
 carts and three "Hayes' " trucks, with the usual 
 complement of horses and fuel wagons, etc. 
 There are twenty-five miles of fire-alarm tele- 
 graph. During 1891 the department responded 
 to 465 alarms. The record kept of ten years' 
 fire losses bears striking testimony to its effi- 
 ciency. From 1881 to 1891 the average annual 
 losses by fire at Richmond were but $92,713, an 
 insignificant matter, it would seem, compared 
 with a salvage ten-fold greater, and especially 
 so, contrasted with the values jeopardized — let 
 alone the iiroperty subject to fire — certainly now 
 nut less than SI ."lO, 000, 000 in value. W. G. 
 I'li.i.Kn, an experienced man, is head of this 
 ileparlineiit. 
 
 I'CIil.IC WORKS. 
 
 < li- 10(1 miles of streets in Richmond, 36 
 miles' length ai'e sewered and 23 miles paved — 
 17 of thein permanently with stone block, Bel- 
 gian fashion, the remainder with macadam and 
 gravel. .\ very I'l.msiderable extent of new 
 paving and sewerage work is contemplated for 
 the near future, and it is })ro):)able that the cus- 
 tomary aiiiiropriation for street work generally 
 will be largely exceeded hereafter. Sewers are 
 paid I'lir liy geiicial levy uiimi the jiriiperty bene- 
 littril, usually that abutting, and sidewalks siiiii- 
 hiiiy. Street railroads are charged with the 
 kcrp (if the roadway they occupy. 
 
 The sewering heretofore done is planned updii 
 what IS technically known as a "cnnibined" 
 system, /. c, one providing for both household 
 drainage and surface and storm waters. The 
 natural grades greatlj- facilitate sewer construc- 
 tion. Main sewere are of brick ; the branches of 
 vitrified clay pipe and cement. The maximum 
 ra|iai-ity here is reached in Sliockoe Creek, which 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 29 
 
 is walled in ;w an open sewer, 18 feet bn lail, (■nipty- 
 ing the drainage of half the town into the James. 
 The acreage of park.s owned by the city is '.\'->T. 
 The largest is New Reservoir Park, ;!00 acres, 
 on the western verge of the city, contiguous to 
 the newly-annexed Lee District. A boulevanl 
 leading out iiirther from it, to the northwest, 
 has been extended to a considerable distance by 
 
 a digression to remark, are displayed in profu- 
 sion, the fraits and vegetables, the fish, game 
 and comestibles of a naturally favored clime. 
 They are a standing and permanent advertise- 
 ment — an exposition in themselves — of the 
 infinite variety of the products of the land and 
 water both, of this part of the country, and of 
 the cheajjness of living in this Garden of Plenty, 
 the Old Dominion. 
 
 Richmond is the shire-town of Hen- 
 rico, and as the Capital of tlie State, 
 derives great advantage 
 from the administra- 
 tion of the affairs of the 
 Commonwealth, finan- 
 cial, judicial, mil- 
 itary, etc., in its 
 midst. All the 
 State officials, 
 from the Gov- 
 ernor down, 
 are quartered 
 I lere. As a sea- 
 board city and 
 important 
 
 private entreprise, 
 by Major Ginterand others 
 having country seats in the outskirts 
 beyond. The East End of the city 
 has Chimborazo Park, 29 acres in ex- 
 tent, cresting the hill of the 
 same name, ami the ter- 
 race of Libby-Hill 
 Park ; b o t h over- 
 looking the sinuous 
 trend of the lower 
 James and the Ches- 
 terfield bottoms for miles. 
 
 In the heart of the city is ~ ., :: 
 
 Capitol Square, a State propert yof 
 12 acres ; and in the West End, Gam 
 ble's Hill and INIonroe Parks of about S-V 
 acres' area each. These are all set out with trees 
 and hedges, and are kept in conditiiiu by regular 
 appropriations of city funds. 
 
 THE .M.\RKET-HOUSES. 
 
 The city provides, also, as a puljlic conveni- 
 ence, three'market-houses. In these, it is hardly 
 
 trade center, it has a Collector of U. S. Customs 
 and of U. S. Internal Revenue. It has impor- 
 tance also as a seat of justice. The new U. S. 
 Circuit Court of Appeals sits here, the U. S. Cir- 
 cuit Court, and U. S. District Court, the State's 
 own Supreme Court of Appeals, and tlie County 
 Court of Henrico, and it has, besides, four courts 
 
80 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAISIES. 
 
 (if its own : a Circuit Court, Cluuiofrv, Hustings 
 ;in(i Polii'O Court. Tlie disbursements of all these 
 <;overnniental (■(incerus — city, county State and 
 national — r(intriliut<' not a little to its business 
 |ir<is]ierity. 
 
 iiir. I'rni.ic- siikiols. 
 
 TuK public-school system of Richmond is a 
 develo])ment of the jieriod since the war, and 
 is the connnon-scliool system in its methods ami 
 aims, pure and simi>le. The instruction atl'orded 
 is eminently jiractical. (ireatest attention is paid 
 to the Knglisji liranclies, and to the pre])ai'atioii 
 of pupils, tlie boys especially, for entrance into 
 tliat 2Teat<'r schcml, tlie world. ^Insic and the 
 
 \'ided young men of limited opportunities special 
 facilities for intellectual imjirovement for years. 
 Tlie ]Miblic school buildings number seven- 
 teen. The tinest are the "AVestEnd," "Leigh," 
 High Seliool for ■\\hites, and the colored High and 
 Nornial. Three new ones are })roposed. The 
 school ])roperty is valued at S500,000. The ex- 
 ]ienditnre for jmblic schools, exclusive of new 
 buildings, is about $145,000 a year. The State 
 contril)utes S:!5,(l00of this. The number of chil- 
 dren of school age in the city is 2.i,0()(l. The 
 whites number two-thirds of these. The attend- 
 ance is 11, •")()() — 0,700 white and 4,750 colored. 
 Like facilities and uci'ommoilations are accorded 
 tbeni, wlicthcr cdlfired or wdiite, though the 
 
 
 RICHMOND COLLEGE. 
 Founded in 1834. 
 
 accomplishments are treated, for exam]ile, as 
 eoncerns outside tlie ]>rovince of popular educa- 
 tion. 
 
 The languages are taught in the high and nor- 
 mal courses only. There is a business course in 
 the High School, in which type-writing and 
 stenograpliy are imparted. There are six night- 
 schools. The city contriljutes 80,000 a year 
 toward till' support of tlie technical school of the 
 Vii«;ixi,v ISIncn.vxics IxsTrruTE, which has the 
 patronage also of many influential citizens, 
 whose bounty generously extended it, lias ]iro- 
 
 ubite ]pe(iple pay, for their part, at least ! I! i per 
 cent, nf tlie taxes for schools. 
 
 Tl !(■ teachers number 236. The average salary 
 jiaid them is H37.50 a year. The High School 
 lias 700 ijujiils. The schools are governed by a 
 su]ierintendent — WiLLi.wr F. Fox at present — 
 holding under an elective hoard of tru.stees, the 
 memliers of which at present are: T. Wiley 
 Davis, Wni. M. Turpin, R. Edgar Shine, Jos. ('. 
 Dickerson, J. Taylor Stratton, Wm. Lovenstein, 
 James H. Capers, Edwin D. Starke, Alonzo ]>. 
 Phillips and flavor Ellyson. 
 
THE CITY ON THE. JAMES. 
 
 3L 
 
 THE PRIVATE S(_TI001.S. 
 
 TiiK private schools nuniber ten. Tlieir at- 
 tendance aggregates soinetliing like .3,000. !Most 
 of tliem are academic in character. The excep- 
 tions are the parochial schools of the Catholic 
 Church, the enrollment at which is said to he 
 about 1,000. 
 
 St. M.\rv's P.VROciii.vi. Stiiooi. for Boys, o12 
 East Marshall street, between Third and Fourth, 
 is a Geniian and English school, founded forty 
 years ago. It was the first Catholic school for 
 l)Ovs established here, and was tlic nnlv one in 
 
 who are under the care of the sisters in charge 
 at St. Mary's Benedictine Academy. 
 
 As the only German school in the State this 
 has long been a mo.*t important factor in the 
 educational life of the city. It has been the 
 iihnii (»n^>c of all the prominent Catholic (xerman- 
 Aniericans of Richmond and its vicinity. The 
 attendance at it is from 12.i to 1.50 daily. 
 
 COLI.EliES .\N'I) ACADEMIES. 
 
 A.Moxo schiiiils of a higher urder at liichmoml 
 the most notable, pi ibaps, is the Medicai, Col- 
 
 - I _ ;tNEDICTINE CHURCH, PRIORY AND SCHOOL 
 Rev. T. Baumgartner O S. B.. Pastor and Principal. 
 
 continuous session iluriiig the late war. It is 
 conducted by the Rev. Dr. AVii.liis.vu) B.wm- 
 G.tRTNER, O. S. B., pastor of the Church of St. 
 Marj-'s, and he at present is ])rinciiial. lie has 
 six assistant instructors. 
 
 This school occupies a two-story liuilding, the 
 upper floor of which is an assembly hall, and 
 surrounding it is a covered jjlay-ground for the 
 exercise of pupils on stormy days. In an annex 
 to it is a department for the instruction of girls, 
 
 LEOEoF ViRoiNiA, fi.iundcd in ls;;7. It occupies a 
 buildingextei'ually of the massive Egyptian type 
 of anliitecture, one of very few examples of that 
 style in the land. Attached to it is a free dispen- 
 san-, which, with its other departments, affords 
 comprehensive facilities for the study of the heal- 
 ing art. The State contriliutes a small sum for its 
 support. J. S. DoRSEY" CcLLEX, M. D., is its dean. 
 The membere of its faculty are the leading 
 physicians and surgeons of tlie city. 
 
32 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 Rlcii.MoM) ('(ii.l.Kci;, :<ilnalc(l in tlu' wcslcni 
 suburbs of the city on a tnu-t of thiitofii acres' 
 extent, is an institution nf more tlian local note. 
 
 B. PURYEAR, LL. D.. 
 Chairman of the Faculty ot Richmond College. 
 
 It was founded sixty years ago liy the Virginia 
 Baijtist Kducational (Society, and was cluirtered 
 in 1840. :Many of its students come to it from dis- 
 tant parts of the South. It has been strengthened 
 by many gifts and endowments, and has been 
 rendered inthiential, serviceable and prosperous 
 by the adopt i<jn of a broad and liberal plan of or- 
 organization. It is especially a literaiy and scien- 
 tific school, and its buildings, appointments and 
 resources generally, have all been fashioned with 
 the aim of extending its advantages in this re- 
 spect. 
 
 The property of this college is valued at S.joO,- 
 000. It is situated not more than a stone's throw 
 from Lee Circle, in which rises the equestrian 
 figure of the greatest captain of the South. A 
 cut on page oO of this matter shows the ex- 
 ternal appearance of its main building. It has 
 a faculty of twelve, and, for this session, with 
 205 pupils altogether enrolled, has accommoda- 
 tion for 175 boarding impils. Its trustees num- 
 ber forty of the most prominent men of the city 
 and State. 
 
 Hon. J. L. M. ('I'KKV, fornu'rly United States 
 Minister to 8j)ain, and the (ieneral Agent of the 
 Peabody Fund, is president of its board. 
 
 U.v. CuAiii.Es II. KvL.^ND, I). D., is recording 
 and financial secretary, treasurer and librarian. 
 
 K. PiiiVEAR, LL. D., is chairman of the faculty. 
 
 It is the general impression of those who have 
 1h(> ojiportunity to form an opinion that no body 
 of in.stractors in the country is the superior of 
 this one in general proficiency. 
 
 liev. Dr. Charles Hill Rylaxd, secretaiy, 
 treasurer and librarian of this College, has 
 the entire chai-ge of the large and varied busi- 
 ness interests of the institution. He has been 
 its business manager since 1S74, and is credited 
 willi iniii-linf its success. He is a native of King 
 and Queen county, was educated there and at 
 Fleetwood Academy, and also in the c(]Uege 
 in which he occupies so distinguished a place. 
 He studied for the ministry in the Southern 
 Baptist Theological Seminary. He was in the 
 Confederate army during the war, as Colporteur 
 and De])i:isitary Agent and Treasurerof the Army 
 Colportage Board. In 186G he was made (iene- 
 ral Superintendent of the Sunday Schools of Vir- 
 ginia, and performed effective service in that 
 position. In 1869 he became pastor in Alexan- 
 dria, and in 1874 was called to his present re- 
 sponsible position. He is a trustee of the Col- 
 lege as well as an officer. He is also actively 
 interested in everything relating to his denomi- 
 nation, and has been identified with many of 
 the most ]irogressive stejjs it has taken of late 
 
 JOHN P. McGUIRE, 
 Prmcipal of McGuire's School. 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 33 
 
 years. He was the founder of the Mrginia 
 Baptist Historieal Soeiety. His degree was con- 
 ferred >ipon him T)y Ricliniond College. 
 
 McGuire's School, 5 and 7 North Bel\ idere 
 street, opposite Monroe Paris:, is an aeadeniy 
 for boys, with a course enihracinp all snlijects 
 necessary to the ^I. A. defrree in any nl' the 
 universities or colleges; and with special l)usi- 
 ness instruction for those Ijoys whose i>arents 
 prefer it. In connection with it is a lowi r 
 school, wherein younger boys are tauglit the 
 rudiments. It is a day-school, but a limited 
 number of l)oarding [lUpils are received in the 
 principal's house. 
 
 This school is now in its twenty-seventh ses- 
 sion. It is conducted by Mr. J. P. JIcCirrRK 
 as princijial, with the assistance of three com- 
 petent instructors. Mrs. McGi'ire is i)rinci]jal 
 of the lower school, with one assistant to aid 
 her. 
 
 Attention is given to natural science in this 
 si'hool. Its plan involves the thorough j)repa- 
 ration of students for the senior classes of the 
 universities and colleges. Among its pupils an' 
 sons of the best families of this city and Man- 
 chester and of the surroundings of tlie two. Its 
 buildings are new. They are apiiointed in niod- 
 ern fashion, and the pupils have amjjle facilities 
 for recreation in the play-grounds alongside. 
 The two schools, the higher and lower, arc 
 entirely separate and distinct. 
 
 RICHMOND FEMALE SEMINARY 
 
 JOHN H POWELL, 
 Principal Richmond Female Seminary, 
 
 The principal of this .school left the Univer- 
 sity of Virginia in bSofi, and w-as instructor of 
 mathematics for five years thereafter under the 
 liev. .1. I'. McGuire. He lias spent twenty- 
 seven years as principal of his own school. In 
 aildition to this su- 
 l)ervision he teaches 
 mathematics and En- 
 glish, and he gives his 
 attention especially to 
 tho.se boys who need 
 to be taught first of all 
 //0(r to study. 
 
 The Richmond Fe- 
 
 M .\ LE S E M I X .\ It Y, of 
 
 which Jonx H. Pow- 
 ell is principal, and 
 Mrs. T. G. Peytox, as- 
 sociate iirincipal, occu- 
 I rit'sa buildingat 3 East 
 Grace street, which 
 has been appointed 
 throughout in modern 
 fashion especially for 
 the purpose to which 
 it is devoted. It has 
 accommodations for 
 t h i rt y - five boarders, 
 and this is the number 
 
M 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 at })rosi'iit (ioiuii'ik'cl in it. It lias an attendance 
 of 170 in all. Tlicse aiv cliielly dantrlitcis n{ the 
 first families in this State, West Virf,'inia ami tlie 
 Carolinas, lint it has soinealsd from other States, 
 and even from as fiir as the State of California. 
 
 This school was established in 1S7:!. Tn its 
 methods and aims it has no .snpcrior anmni.' the 
 V)est of the female seminaries of the country. 
 Its nianajiement is in callable luind.s, and its 
 work etiiciently done. It has remained nn- 
 der the same management from its estalilish- 
 nient, and the same corps of assistants, in tlie 
 main, has been employed for many years. !\Ir. 
 
 it covers two acres. The Academy buildings, 
 three in number, are of interest from the fact 
 that they are old time mansions reconstrut-ted 
 and enlarged to suit the purposes of the school. 
 One of them was built in the last century and 
 was the scene of much festivity in the good 
 olil Revolutionary days. The spacious grounds 
 surrounding these buildings are planted with 
 fruits and flowers ; the young ladies of the 
 school are jiermitted to cultivate their favorites 
 of the garden, and have espei'ial allotments for 
 that purpo.se. 
 
 ^lonte >[aria is in the heart of one of the resi- 
 
 * . ■ i4i/? ki^-ai'^v Air. > .,-ifv. 
 
 
 
 ',^mB'^^ 
 
 
 MONTE MARIA ACADEMY 
 
 I'owell is a graduati' of the t'nivei-sity of Vir- 
 ginia, and is a native of Loudoun county, this 
 State. 'Peai-hing has bei'U the profession of his 
 life. He liad a boys' schixil in Halifax count}' 
 for ten years before lie came here, and he had 
 also been in charge of a ladies' seminary at 
 Petei-sburg. ill's. l'e\ton has also bad long 
 experience as a teacher. 
 
 MoNTK .'SI.iiu.v .\(Aui:.MV, otherwisi^ known as 
 the Young Ladies' .\cademy of the Visitation, is 
 on (irace street, t'burch Hill, between Twent}-- 
 firet and Twentv-third streets. With its grounds 
 
 <,lence precincts, and yet is retired from the 
 business quarter of the city. It is stationed 
 upon heights that are superlatively healthful, 
 and has accommodations for 100 day pupils and 
 50 boarders. It was established in 1866, and is 
 under the charge of the Sisters of the Visit.v- 
 TioN, B. V. ]\I. An illustration accompanying 
 this matter sliows its home-like appearance. 
 As for the view from the hill-top occupied 
 by the school, that is, perhaps, best expressed 
 liy a quotation from an account of it : 
 
 "It would be difficult," says this account, "to 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 35 
 
 name a pr^J^'l>t'l■t coniparal^k- indeed t<i that dis- 
 closed from the cupola of this school. A sweep 
 of the eye takes in no less than six bridges 
 crossing the James, the thriving city of Man- 
 chester on the opposite shore, vessels passing 
 in the stream on their way to and from the sea ; 
 and, at night, the great iron mills on the islands 
 in the stream, throwing the red reflection of 
 their furnace tires upon its waters. It is a 
 view, indeed, affording so many elements of 
 the picturesque that it would require a very 
 extended description to do it justice." 
 
 It is nmductcd by the Benedictine Nuns, 
 Vex. Mother Editif, superior. This academy 
 was established in 1875, is of modern construc- 
 tion, and is thoroughly appointed with all the 
 adjuncts of fiirniture and apparatus for instruc- 
 tion. The class-rooms, dormitories, chapel, etc., 
 are all large, liright, airy ai)artments. 
 
 Its staft' of teachers numl)ers fourteen. The 
 course of instruction includes every useful and 
 ornamental brancli i>f education ; and solicitous 
 attention is paid to the moral and polite deport- 
 ment of the pupils. At present, the school 
 
 ST. MARY S BENEDICTINE INSTITUTE. 
 
 Parents and guardians desiring to secure for 
 their daughters or charges the benefits of a re- 
 fined education with general supervision over 
 their health, morals and manners, will not re- 
 gret the choice, for that purpose, of Jlonte JIaria 
 Academy. 
 
 St. M.\ry's Benedictine Institute, a cut of 
 which accompanies this matter, is an academy 
 for young ladies, and is situated in one of the 
 j)!easantest jiarts of the city, on Fourth street, 
 between LeiL'li and C'la\-. 
 
 counts about 12.^1 pupils, 
 of eight to twentv vears. 
 
 ranging from the ages 
 
 The Richmond Female Institute occupies an 
 imposing stnicture of a block frontage, situated 
 at Tenth and Marshall sti'eets. It is one of the 
 oldest and best known of the educational insti- 
 tul ions of the city. It was founded in 1S54 by 
 Dr. Basil ^lanly and associates, and he was its 
 first princiiial. 
 
 It has 1()0 pupils at present — young ladies of 
 the liest fiimilies of the citv. State and South — 
 
36 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 and has a staff of fifteen instmctoi> and as- 
 sistants, under Dr. Ja.me.s Nelson, who is its 
 principal. 
 
 It has pri'paratory as well as coureesof higher 
 instniction. It lias large grounds atfraetively 
 adorned with shrn1)bery and shade trees, is 
 modern in its furnishings and appointments, 
 and in its uianagenient generally is equal to 
 the best schools of its kind North or South. 
 
 The ('hkstkr Coi.i.koiatk IxsTiTtTi:, situated 
 at Chester, Chesterfield county, on the Atlantic 
 Coiist Line route, at its junction with the Farni- 
 ville and rowluitan liailway. a point 1- miles 
 
 (i. K. KoBERTsnN. luiiilier dealer, is president 
 of tlie board, and Ciiaules Fisheh, agent of 
 the Atlantic Coast Line, secretary' and treas- 
 urer. 
 
 Tills institution possesses, in its location and 
 facilities, all tlie advantages of an attractive 
 country home, with the conveniences derived 
 from tlie vicinity of the city. It is about five 
 miles back from James river, near "Dutch 
 (tap." ulicic the altitude is highest between 
 Richmniid and Petersliurg, and has surround- 
 ings of historical intere.«t. It is in a healthftil 
 region, and in a countrv which enaliles the 
 
 
 CHESTER FEMALE INSTITUTE, 
 Situated at Chester, Chesterfield County, Va., twelve miles from Richmond. 
 
 from Richmouil, and about midway between 
 this city and Petersliurg, may also be counted 
 among the educational institutions of the Citv 
 on the .lames. It is a new school, compara- 
 tively speaking, hut is thoroughly established 
 with 4.T ])uiiils already, and is under the man- 
 agement of experienced educators. Rev. I)r. I'. 
 M. Kow.udis as prcsiileiit of the facultv at their 
 head. 
 
 Dr. Edwards was fornierl\- of the iMurfre(>s- 
 boro, N. ('., Female Collegiate Institute. The 
 matron is Miss F.wxv E. Dioos. The iliivctors 
 iire business men of the vicinitv of Chester, 
 
 management to provide a table of the finest 
 sort . 
 
 The course of study is such as to prepare 
 young ladies thoi'oughly for u.seful lives. It 
 embraces the ancient and modern languages, 
 music, vocal and instrumental, and other orna- 
 mental branches of a liberal education. 
 
 Tliere are act'ommodations now for 75 board- 
 ing pupils. The terms are remarkalily low. 
 The president of the faculty, or either of tlie 
 otticers mentioned, will furnish such informa- 
 tion as may be desired, not afTordeil in this 
 sketch. 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 37 
 
 At A^hliiiul, Iliuiover rounty, al)Out twenty 
 miles Xorthwest of the city, is Randolph-Macon 
 College, an institution under tlie government 
 of the ^lethodist denomination, and in remark- 
 ably thrifty and vigorous condition. It is the 
 parent institution of four of this same name in 
 
 the State ; the others are Randolith-Macon Wo- 
 men's C'ollege, Lynchburg ; Randolpli-^Iacon 
 Academy, Bedford City, and Randolph-Macon 
 Academy, Fx'ont Royal. 
 
 ■ Among other schools under i^rivate manage- 
 ment here are two i:ood Bl'siness Colleges. 
 
 A FOOT-NOTE FOR GRADGRINDS. 
 
 Longitude of Richmond 37 ^^2 X. 
 
 Latitude 77.26 W. 
 
 General Altitude 172 feet 
 
 Highest Altitude 249 feet 
 
 Mean Ann. Temperature 60 
 
 Area, charter limits 5^4 sq, miles 
 
 Population. U. S. Census. 1890 81 388 
 
 Population, with surburbs. probably 115,000 
 
 Population , colored 35, 000 
 
 Death rate per thousand, iSgi 25 
 
 Death rate per thousand, white . 22 
 
 Death rate per thousand, colored 29 
 
 Assessed Valuations. iS9i-'2 $59,214,283 
 
 Assessed Valuations Real Estate $40,255,919 
 
 Assessed Valuations Personal Property . .$18.9=8.368 
 
 Tax rate, for all purposes $1.80 
 
 Tax rate. City $1,40 
 
 Tax rate. State and County, additional 96 
 
 Debt, all Bonded $6.609237 
 
 Municipal Assets (City Hall. Water and Gas 
 
 Works, Parks. Railroad Stock, etc.) . .$6,000000 
 Annual Revenue, about $2,656,000 
 
 Annual Expenditures, about $2,594,000 
 
 Annual Expenditures Public Health and 
 
 Charities $93,000 
 
 Annual Expenditures Police $98,000 
 
 Annual Expenditures Fire Service $7^,350 
 
 Annual Expenditures Streets and Public Im- 
 provements $157,000 
 
 Annual Expenditures Schools (not including 
 
 new buildings $107,000 
 
 Miles Streets 106 
 
 Miles Stone-paved Streets 17 
 
 Miles Sewers 36 
 
 Capacity Water Works, daily 24,000,000 gals. 
 
 Capacity Gas Works, annually . . . 220,000,000 cu. ft. 
 
 Public Parks . 7 
 
 Public Parks, acreage 357 
 
 Public Schools 17 
 
 Public "School*:, Attendance ii.444 
 
 Public Schools, Attendance, While 6,693 
 
 Public Schools. Attendance Colored 4 75i 
 
 Private Schools 10 
 
 Priva e Schools, Attendance 5,000 
 
 $^,^r—^ 
 
 * ^^■' 
 
 
 
 '^.^ 
 
 
 
 SOLDIERS' HOME, 
 Established by Lee Camp Confederate Veterans 
 
Institutions Significant of Social Progress. 
 
 rif 
 
 KiU'h iustitutiipiis ;is inili- 
 c;itc l>y tlifir presi'iiir, 
 t;istc, cultinv, tiiiit rctin- 
 ing influtnu'es goiiprally 
 liri'valeiit, Rieliniond lias 
 the following: 
 
 1, A daily press and a 
 score of periodicals accu- 
 
 its life, si'iitiineiit and 
 
 rately exjionent 
 interests. 
 
 2. Three liliraries, aceessiljle to the puhlic, and 
 other collections of hooks, historical records es- 
 pecially, available to the student. 
 
 :>. Several galleries of art and antiiinities. upen 
 to the puhlic, a lu-w iiiusenni, libei'ally cndpjwed, 
 among them. 
 
 4. Two theatres allnrding dramatic and uper- 
 atic entertainment of popular character. 
 
 5. A famous musical society of numerc lus mem- 
 bershi]) and substantial resources. 
 
 (>. Organizations of every order and classifica- 
 tion: .social, i>oliti<'al, commercial, fraternal, 
 literary, athletic, aiiuatic, military, etc. 
 
 7. Churdics and their accompaniments of mis- 
 sions and charities. 
 
 These are the topics treate<l in this chaiitcr. 
 Incidentally reference is made tn tiie resorts 
 and hotels of the city. 
 
 THE DAii.v nn->s. 
 
 Uu iiMoM> sujijiorts tliree daily newspaiiers : 
 the "Disinitih" and the ''Times," niin'ninj: 
 issues, and tlie "State," an afternoon paper. 
 
 The Kichmond Disi'.vtcii is the oldest of the 
 Kichmi>nd dailies. It was founded l)y .lames 
 A. Cowardin and W. 11. Davis, lioth practical 
 |)rinters, in lH.iO. Its first appearance was made 
 on the morning of Octolicr Idth, of that year. 
 The paper was well i-ccei\ed from tlie liegin- 
 ning, and rapidly attained a good cinulatinu. 
 Owing, however, to the competition < if I he HA/r/ 
 and the Eiiifiircr, the great ]iolitical dailies nf 
 Richnionil at that day, it was not imme(liately 
 successful as an advertising medium. Tliis fact 
 discouraged Mr. Pavis, and in a few nmutlis he 
 di.spo.sed of his interest tu ^Ir. Cowardin. I'm- 
 .some years thereafter the Dispiilch was |iulilishrd 
 in the names of .himes A. Cowardin as |>rn|iiic- 
 tor, and Hugh U. Pleasants, editor. 'I'hr latlei- 
 
 was empliiyed as editor when the ijartncrship of 
 Co\\ardin i*i Davis was formed. 
 
 When success at length became a certainty, 
 its plant was moved from the orignal Imilding, 
 on Governor street, just above :^h^in, to the 
 building corner of Thirteenth and Main streets, 
 the site of the present Old Dominion Steamship 
 offices. Here the Dispatch was comfortably 
 housed, and was equipped with the best outfit 
 obtainable at that period. Just in the rear of 
 its place was the "Dispatch Job Ofiice" of J. D. 
 Hammersley & Co. Mr. Hammersley managed 
 the counting-room of the paper, and <luring the 
 war acquired a half interest in it. 
 
 Mr. Oliver P. Baldwin succeeded Mr. Pleasants 
 as editor, though, at one time, both were upon 
 the editorial stafi'; and Mr. Cowardin also con- 
 tributed to the editorial columns when his other 
 engagements pernutted. During the war the 
 outfit of the Diapiitcli was worn completely out, 
 and as a new one could not be procured inside 
 the Confederate lines, Mr. Hammersley under- 
 took to run the blockade to England, and supply 
 what was needed. Before sailing, however, he 
 sold half his interest to Mr. James W. Llewellen, 
 who had long been the local editor of the Dia- 
 jxilcli. 
 
 ilr. llammer,«ley was successful in his under- 
 taking to the extent of getting the new outfit 
 through the blockade and into the Dkpalch 
 liuililing, but Ijefore it could be used it was de- 
 stroyed, along with the building, in the Evacua- 
 tion fire, April 3, 1865. 
 
 It was nut until the December following that 
 the Dixjiiilih was revived. Mr. Cowardin and 
 ilr. II. K. EUyson formed a coiiartnership, 
 (which contimied uninterruptedly until the 
 former's death) and began anew in the building 
 on Thirteenth street, just in the rear of the 
 present offices of the Postal Telegraph Company. 
 There were seven comjjetitors in the fielil when 
 the J)isjiiilrh was re-established: but l>y enter- 
 prise and good management it forged rapidly to 
 the front again, and is now, in every respect, 
 fulfilling its mission as a first-class newsi)aper. 
 It has the largest circulation of any pai)er be- 
 tween Haltimore and Xew Orleans, and its col- 
 umns licar ample testimony to the value it has 
 in tlir o|nniou of the advertising public. 
 
 Ill the 11 latter of its meclianical ec|uipiiient the 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 39 
 
 Di^-jxilch has always Ijeeii ad\ ancod. In Novem- 
 ber, 1887, it put ill a Hoe perfeeting press with a 
 capacity of 24,000 copies an hour, and its outtit, 
 from press-room to composing-room, is a model 
 of completeness. It has its own press wire run- 
 ning into the building, a full editorial and local 
 staff, its resident correspondent at Washington, 
 and special correspondents at all important 
 points in ^'irginia and North Carolina. It is- 
 sues a Daily and a Weekly, its Sunday edition 
 eighteen nr twelve pages, as occasion may re- 
 quire. 
 
 In 1882, a short time before the death of Mr. 
 C'owardin, the copartnership of Cowardin & 
 l'",llyson was dissolved and a joint stock com- 
 pany was formed with the former owners as 
 principal officers. The present officers of the 
 Company are : 
 
 C. O'B. CowAKUi.v, president : II. Tiieo. El- 
 LYSON, secretary and treasurer; W. 1>. CiiiisTEit- 
 M.vN, vice-president. 
 
 The Dh-ipatch building, a cut of wliich is in 
 this book, is located on the northwe-st corner 
 of Main and Twelfth streets. It is four stories 
 above the basement, and the composing-room, 
 wiiich is on the top floor, occupies luirt, also, of 
 the adjoining building. 
 
 The D.vily Ti.mes, established several years 
 ago, is owned by a stock company in which 
 Joseph Bryax and others are tlie principal 
 owners. Mr. Bryan is largely its helmsman. 
 Tlie T'imcs occupies a fine five-story building, 
 Mliich is one of the most imijosing business 
 .structures of the city. It is at Tenth and Bank 
 streets, and faces on one side, Capit<;)l I'ark. An 
 engraving in this work shows its exterior. 
 
 The ThiHS has mechanical facilities that are 
 certainly unsurpassed in the South, and scarcely 
 surpassed anywhere. Its Hoe iierfecting pres.ses 
 and type setting machines enable it to present 
 the news of the day, not only with all jiossible 
 speed, but in attractive form. Its news service 
 is also comiJete. It has the facilities of the 
 .United Press, whose telegrajihic matter, a sum- 
 mary of the news of the world, it receives daily. 
 
 It has, besides, special corresiiondeiits through- 
 out Virginia and North Carolina, and in all tlie 
 principal cities of the land. Its eilitoi-ial i'mrr 
 is strong, and its repc.irtorial corps I'xprriiMici'd 
 and enterprising. 
 
 The Tillies is, it seems almost supiM-ogatury to 
 remark. Democratic in its principles. It is a 
 favorite with the Richmond people, and is iiiHu- 
 ential with a large ciinstituency, because its 
 policy has tieen straightforwanl and I'onsisteut 
 in advocacv of low tariti'. himic lulr and eco- 
 
 nomical administration of puldic affairs, both 
 national and local. It was one of the original 
 advocates — and continued through the late cam- 
 paign, unvaryingly so — of the re-nomination of 
 Mr. Cleveland. 
 
 The St.vte, founde<l in ISTil by .lohn Hampden 
 Chamberlayne, is now owned and t'onducted by 
 The State Newspaper Company, Wii.i.i.vm Ryan, 
 President. It has Ix'en actively enlisted in the 
 good work of forwarding the interests of the 
 city, political and comnu'rcial, from the start. 
 A recent issue of twelve pages, descriptive of 
 the resources of Virginia and of the attractions 
 of Richmond for business and residence, is a 
 case in point. The Slate circulates about 7,500 
 daily. Its subscrii)tion prit'e by mail is $3 a 
 \-ear. Its editors are ^VILI,IA^^ Ryax and W. \V. 
 AurirEi!, and (iEouca; Ciutciieiki.d is business 
 manager. 
 
 :\Iuch of the matter utilized in the compila- 
 tifin of this work has lieen obtained from the 
 annual first of Januarx-, and other commercial 
 reviews of these dailies. 
 
 Maxciiester has its daily also, the Leader, 
 a jieniiy evening paper, circulating about 1,200 
 in the counties of Chesterfield, Powhatan and 
 Goochland adjoining this of Henrico. Special 
 mention is made of it in the sui)plementary 
 chapter of this luxik. 
 
 The (iermans of the city have two organs: 
 tlie "Staats Gazette," Wm. F. Riciiter, editor, 
 and the "Anzeiger," B. Hassel & Sox, editors 
 and publishers. Chief among the trade journals 
 of the city are the "Trade Journal," by W. H. 
 Rowi.AXD, and the "Southern Toliacconist and 
 ^Manufacturer's Record," by W. E. Dibrkell, 
 who, as the l(x-al statistician of that business, 
 is authority for the statements made herein on 
 the subject of tobacco'. The religious press of 
 the city is especially thrifty and prosperous. 
 The "Christian Advocate," Rev. Dr. J. J. 
 Laffeuty, editor, the journal nf the Methodist 
 Churcli South, iias subscribers everywhere that 
 denomination has a f lothold, and is a favorite 
 with many, not communicants of that faith, for 
 its pungeut editorial style. 
 
 And in this ci.inneetion it is worthy remark 
 that Richmond is center still of that literaiy 
 activity — scholarship, bookselling and publish- 
 ing — which, we are told, was its characteristic 
 before the war. Edgar Allen Poe lived here in 
 his youth, and John Esten Cooke, the A'irginia 
 novelist, was once a familiar figure here. Resi- 
 dent here now, or claiming the city as home are 
 many contributors to the magazines, and many 
 of more tlian nicrclv Im-ul note f ir their attain- 
 
40 
 
 TUK CITY ON TllK JAMES. 
 
 iiionlH anil Uiborsiii tlic liclil of U'ttcrs : William 
 ■WiuT lInNuv, t;riiii(lsim of the Kevolutioiuiry 
 orator, in tlic iimvincc of history ; Amkliu Rivks 
 CirANLKi! jiiicl TiioNL\s Nllsox Pach, ill the ilo- 
 inain of liclioii ; I'roii'ssor ( 'iiaklks II. Winston, 
 of Hichiiiond ('olk'},'u, in tlic realm of science, and 
 besides tliese, Secretary BuotK, of tlie ^'ir<riIlia 
 Historical Society ; Librarian Poixdk.vtkh, of 
 the State Library; 1'. A. BurcE, political essa\- 
 ist of the 'J'lnics editorial staff; Judsc Fauiiah 
 ("Johnnie Heb"), hnnioroiis lecturer ; Cahlton 
 McCahtiiy, delineator of army life ; the drama- 
 tist Ai.KHiKNO, and others. A new monthly 
 nuifrazine imblished here, tlie "Southern," ^Irs. 
 Annie Smith, editres.s, is a sign itself that the 
 
 signed by Williaji .AL l'oixi)H.\ri;K, of Wasliins- 
 toii, n. C., an<l liichmond. There isaiipropriated 
 for its construction, $200,000. The State Law Li- 
 brary has bj.OOO volumes; the "Rosemary," a 
 siibscri|itioii liVirary, estalilished chiefly by the 
 eiforts of Thomas Nelson Pajre, lawyer, dialect 
 .story-teller and [platform-reader, and ^Slajor 
 Lewis (liiiter, tlie toliac<'onist, has li, 110(1, and 
 that ..f the V. yi. C. A., 4,."iO(). Tlie ViuoiMA 
 I Ir.siduicAi, Society, wliich has lieen allotted 
 the old town house of (iencral 1!. E. Lee for 
 quarters by tlu' liberality of the .Stuart heirs, 
 and the SorTiiEUX Histohicai, Society, occuiiy- 
 iuf: rooms in the Capitol, have each a store of 
 manuscripts, recoi-ds, books and pictures, and 
 
 ULU DOMINION COTTON MILLS, 
 Manchester Side of the James, 
 
 writers of aliility here are many, and intelligence 
 generally widesjiread. One of the largest sub- 
 gcriiition book hou.ses of the country, that of 
 B. F. .loiiNsoN & Co., is here; and here also is 
 the Publication lleadiiuarters of the Presbyte- 
 rian Church of the Soutli. 
 
 liOOKS, ART AND A.NTKjIIis. 
 
 The State lias a library of 40,000 Yoliimcs in 
 the old (lapitol ; and ground has been lirokeii 
 on Caiiitol Square for a new building to accom- 
 modate it. This building is, in its architei'ture, 
 an example of the modified classic. It was ile- 
 
 111 the case of the former, jiortraits of Southern 
 celebrities es|iecially, which, together, form a 
 collection tliat, in some |iarticulars — in resiiect 
 to the colonial period and that of the late war 
 liarf icularly — has no superior anywhere. 
 
 The State preserves, in the Ca|iitol rotunda, 
 the lineaments of all its governors, fi-om the 
 earliest times to date, and in the same gallery 
 the portraits also of Generals Lee, Johnston and 
 other of its distinguished .sons. In the Capitol, 
 also, is a great historical painting. Land's 
 "Stormingof the Redoubt at Yorktown," Three 
 notable arti.sts reside here: Willia.m C.\ul 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 41 
 
 Brown, the portrait jiainter; William L. Siikp- 
 PARD, a magazine illustrator, especially clever in 
 sketches of the negro, and designer of the Hill 
 and other statuary here ; and Edward V. \\l- 
 ENTixE, the sculptor, whose "Recumbent Lee" 
 ornaments the tomb of the great commander at 
 AVashington and Lee University, Lexington, 
 where he died. Three others hail from here : 
 J.WK Elder, painter of the "Battle of the ('la- 
 ter" and designer of the figure "A])pomattox," 
 selected for the Chicago Confederate memorial 
 for its fine expression of the pathos of defeat and 
 unavailing soldierly sacrifice ; Blankin(;siiii>, a 
 rising sculptor of New York, and Ezf-ktel, 
 famous at home and abroad for liis "Moses," 
 
 The various i-ollections i if the A'aleiitine family 
 ha\e long been locally regarded with pride ; and 
 it has been considered a genuine treat to secure 
 for strangers in the city opportunity to view 
 them. It was the intention of the owners of 
 these collections to make them a joint gift to 
 the public during the life of the late Mann S. 
 A'alentine, devisor of a major share of the col- 
 lection (his own at'cuniulation, his mansion, a 
 fine old roomy Southern one, to house it, and a 
 §50,000 endowment to sustain it), and this in- 
 tention was taking form when, but lately, he 
 died. 
 
 This new Valentine Alusenni will have for 
 contents the following : 
 
 THE TREDhGAR IRON WORKS-FOUNDED 1836 
 
 "David," and other works of tin 
 heroic in marble and bronze. 
 
 ■al an.l 
 
 THE NEW VALE.VTINE MtSEt.M. 
 
 The recent foundation of the N'alkxtine 
 MusEU.M by the be()uest of the late IManx S. 
 Valentine, a prominent manufacturer of the 
 city, supplemented by the contributions of his 
 sons and brother, Edward V., the sculptor (the 
 whole a family accumulation the lalior of tline 
 generations), is an instance at once of the ]iiiblic 
 sjiirit animating some of the wealthier residents 
 of Richmond, and as one shining example, at 
 least, of the generally prevailing culture and 
 taste to which we refer. 
 
 1. The liljrary and pictures of ^lann S. Val- 
 ciiline, the father of Mann 8. Valentine, lately 
 deceased, AVilliam Winston Valentine and Ed- 
 ward A'. A'alentine. 
 
 •_'. The manuscripts, curios, art treasures and 
 library of Mann S. Valentine, principal founder 
 of tlic niusi'uni, this lilirary bearing more espe- 
 cially upon art, anthropology and history. 
 
 .">. The Eurojiean collection of curios, tapestry, 
 illuminations, and library of Professor William 
 Winstiiii Valentine. 
 
 4. The t'urios, art lilirary, ainl art treasures 
 lielonging to Edward V. Valentine, the sculptor, 
 embracing several of the jirodnctions of his mas- 
 ters. Couture and Kiss, as well as his own ori- 
 iliiial work. 
 
42 
 
 TRE CITY (JN the JAMES. 
 
 5. The fiitirc arclui'nldniial cdllfi-tion of (inin- 
 villc (i. VaU'iitinc, I'.riijaiiiiii B. Vnlcntinc, :iii(l 
 Kihvard P. Valentine, lieretnlnre known as the 
 A'alentine eolleetion. 
 
 ll will lie es|iecially lic'li in re|iresentaliiin nl' 
 <>verv ])liase of tlie aboripnal life of America. 
 and of Virsiinia particnlarly. Tin' arili;roloL;ieal 
 <'olleetion of the younirer \'alentiiies, (i. (',.. 
 lii'iij. 1!. and IjUvard P.. is renuirkalily eoni- 
 
 MOZART ACCADEMY OF MUSIC. 
 Mozart Musical Association, Owners; E. Hamilton Cahill, Lessee 
 
 plete. Tliey l>ei:an to make it in \^7'>. under 
 tlio sujxTvision of their father, who was an 
 enthusiastic ilcvotee of science, as well as a suc- 
 eessful Imsiiicss man. The art collection of the 
 .sculptor \'alentine. is jierhaps, the most exten- 
 .-^ivc and valuable in the Soutli. 
 
 The estimated value of these collections, in- 
 
 cluding tlie endowment made with them, is, in 
 money, about SlL'o,000. Their appraisement as 
 scientific and artistic treasures is, however, it 
 need hardly be said, beyond any computation 
 in dollars ami cents. 
 
 .MfSIC AND 1)1!AM.\. 
 
 It would seem from the numerous member- 
 ship of the various societies devoted to music at 
 
 Kichinond that the 
 name of the vota- 
 ries of the Heaven- 
 ly Maid here is, lite- 
 rally, legion. On 
 the roll of the Mo- 
 zart Musical Asso- 
 <TATioN are 1,000 
 names; and this list 
 is not, as in some 
 cities of the coun- 
 try, lai'gely repre- 
 sentativeof the resi- 
 dents of foreign 
 birth and extrac- 
 tion, but rather of 
 the native. The 
 monthly concerts 
 of this Association 
 are a characteristic 
 feature of the so- 
 riiil life of the city. 
 They are held in 
 the Mo/ART Acade- 
 my oi"Misic, a the- 
 ater owned by the 
 .Vssociation, but 
 leased from it, and 
 iinderanot her man- 
 agement for dra- 
 matic representa- 
 tions, that cost 
 the Society ?45,000 
 to build. Dr. J. B. 
 ^[f('AW, a promi- 
 nent physician of 
 the caty, is presi- 
 dent of the Mozart 
 Association ; Jacob 
 RmxitARDT its di- 
 auil U'ading business men are its trustees. 
 The " Gesangverein Virginia" is, as its name 
 implies, the choral society of the Germans of 
 the city ; and that nationality has another also, 
 the •■.\rion." 
 
 The IWM Iheatersnf till' cit\- are the "Mozart ' 
 and till' ■' Uic-bmiind." A rc'iiort is curivnt ; 
 
 i-t( 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 43 
 
 this writiu).', tluU aiKjtluT uiul a .tirand one is t<i 
 be built shortly, by one of the millionaires of 
 the city, in the neiixhhnrliood of the iiroposcfl 
 AVest End hotel. 
 
 The JIozART AcADK.MV OK Misif, situated at 
 Eighth and Franklin streets, is the iirin<'i|ial 
 theater of the city. It is, eonijiaratively, a new 
 house, is handsonieh- furnislied. and is ap- 
 ])ointed for stage purposes in niculern fashiim. 
 It seats 1,U00, and at a ])ineh will aceununodati- 
 ;i,000. Plays requiring 500 persons can be put on 
 in it. Under its present management, that of 
 Mr. Edward Ha.milton ('Auitj., lessee, tlie vei\ 
 
 best shows on the road are jjresented in it. 
 has made it suecessfiil, where those who li 
 before him faik'd. 
 He brought >Iad- 
 ame Patti here last 
 April, under a guar- 
 antee of |!7,.500, and 
 cleared ?1,000 by 
 the engagement of 
 l)utanight. T'nder 
 a new arrangement, 
 lately entered into 
 by Mr. Caliill, the 
 ^lozart will be hea( 1 
 of the ciri'uit of 
 Southern theaters 
 controlled and o])- 
 erated by tlie the- 
 atrical firm oft', li. 
 Jeffeikox, Klaw A: 
 Erlaxger, the first- 
 named of whom is 
 a son of Joe Jeffer- 
 son, the actor. This 
 circuit embraces 
 houses in all th<' 
 leading Southern 
 cities, like Met'au- 
 ley's, in Louisville, 
 the .Vcademy and St 
 and houses in Knoxvill 
 other centers. Bv thi; 
 
 He 
 
 d It 
 
 cost some $10,000, anil wln-n they are completed 
 Richmond will have a theater the equal in 
 every respect of any in the land. 
 
 Mr. Cahill is a native of Louisville, Ky. In 
 his earlier years he was with Russell & Co., of 
 Canton, China, the largest dealers in teas in the 
 world. He travelled through China, Japan 
 ami India in their interest, and was a tea-tester 
 fbrtliem. In 1S71 he retui-m'(l to Xew York 
 and made i-onsideraljle money in bric-a-brae 
 and oriental wares, and after this he entered 
 ('olum)iia College and took a course in the law 
 srhciiil .if that institution, and also in its school 
 111' mines. He graduated from it and practiced 
 ut tlie bar in Xew York Citv for some time. It 
 
 RESIDENCE OF E A SAUNDERS 
 
 Charles, in Xew Orleans. 
 
 e, Xashville, Jlemiihisand 
 arrangement comiianies 
 ■will start on a tour from AVashington and play 
 through the South, Texas, and California to San 
 Francisco. It is intendcrl to pi-ovide for tin- 
 circuit only first-class attractions. 
 
 The entire booking of the Alozart will In- 
 taken in hand by .lefl'erson, Klaw I'c Krlanger 
 under the designation, "directors of the (-in-nit," 
 with !Mr. Cahill as les.see and manager here. 
 In order to improve lln- Imuse for the class nl' 
 shows to be presented, e.xtensive alterations and 
 repairs are to be made. These alterations will 
 
 was while engaged as attorney there for the 
 Xew Yiirk Casino, that the idea seized him to 
 go into theatrical management : so he came 
 here to Kichnioml, because hethuuglit it a most 
 excellent field, which, indeed, it has turned out 
 to be. 
 
 Till-; Uini.Mii.vu Tiikaiki:, em-iier of Seventh 
 and liriiad streets, is headquarters for the South- 
 ern Interstate Theatrical circuit, through which 
 all the attrac-tions presented at leading theaters 
 of N'irginia and the Carolinas are booked. Its 
 managers, Bram ii i>i I.eath, are also managers 
 I if that .\ssociatiiin. 
 
 They have had the bunse fur the past two 
 
44 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 years, yiv. Branch is a man of capital, form- 
 erly engaged in stock-breeding in this State. 
 His partner, Mr. Leatli, lias been a theatrical 
 manager for the last sixteen years. lie was 
 manager of the Mozart Academy of Music here ; 
 and is manager now, besides this honse, of tlic 
 Academy of Music at XorfolU and of a llieatei- 
 at Petersburg, Va. 
 
 The Richmond Theater has capacity to seat 
 1,500. It is furnished with opera chairs, and is 
 lighted with electricity. Its stage appointments 
 are modern and improved. It has a proscenium 
 arch 34 feet wide and oO feet high, and plays 
 requiring hundn^ds of ])articiiiants can be put 
 on it. 
 
 CI.UBS .\ND OTIiH:i: ASSOCIATION'S. 
 
 The " AVestmoreland," " Connnonwealtli," 
 " C'ommeivial " and "Mercantile" are the jirin- 
 <-ilial social organizations of the Inisiness and pro- 
 fessional men of the city — the Common wealtli, 
 a new one, comparatively, of the )founger ele- 
 ment among them, and the Westmoreland of 
 their elders. The Commonwealth is the occu- 
 jiant of a very handsome club-house witli stone 
 front, situated on Franklin .street, in the resi- 
 dence quarter. The Mercantile is the cluli of 
 the mereliants and Inisiness men of the llebi'ew 
 faith. 
 
 Tlie "Powhatan" is the principal polititical 
 club of permani'nt character. Its creed, of 
 coui'se, is the Jefl'ersonian. The "Eiclimond 
 Microscopic Society," Dr. Henry Froehling, 
 president, is the only scientitie as.sociation i.if 
 popular mend)ership. lii'ference has alrea<ly 
 made to the educational aims of the "Virginia 
 Mechanics' Institute" in conneetiou with the 
 subject of jniblic schools. Dr. Henry ('. . I ones, 
 dentist, is its president. The athletic and sport- 
 ing clubs of the city are the " Kii'hmond .\th- 
 letic Association," the "C)ld Donunion Fish- 
 ing and Yachting Club," the "Virginia Field 
 Sports A.ssociation," the "Virginia Boat Club," 
 "Richmond College Boat Club," and "V. 'SI. 
 C. A. Boat ( 'liib ; " the first-named two, cdmpeti- 
 tors in the annual regatta fur the bcinnrnf the 
 "French" cup. 
 
 The Yorx(; Men's Cuuistiax Assoiiation 
 mei'its special mention among tlie social organ- 
 izations here for its practical methods an<l pros- 
 perous condition. It occupies the handsouje 
 Romanesque building shown on jiage S of this 
 book; this hall was built in 188.') at a cost of 
 $50,000. Its attractions for young men embrace 
 a large library of standard works, the us\ial 
 ecture courses, a night school and gymnasiuu], 
 
 with occasional athletic as well as literary diver- 
 tisciiient. Its president is S. AV. Travers, man- 
 ufacturer of fertilizers ; its general secretaiy and 
 su]ierinten(lent, A. Candlisu. It is handsomely 
 sustained by the business connnnnity. 
 
 The martial spirit of the young men of Ricli- 
 iiMind is indicated in the fact that the city mus- 
 ters a regiment of militia of seven companies, a 
 battery of artillerymen, and two troops of horse ; 
 and tliese organizations also have their social 
 side. The "Blues," an independent organiza- 
 tion, originateil before the war, and is of inter- 
 est for its ante-bellum history and record on the 
 actual Held. 
 
 There arc twelve organizations of C(jnfederate 
 veterans at Richmond, and one Grand Army Post. 
 
 As for secret an<l fraternal orders, the list of 
 them and their otfi<'ials, in the City Directory, 
 is six |)ages long. 
 
 (DM M KliCr A I, ol!(i.VNIZATIONS. 
 
 TiiK principal organizations of the bn.siness 
 men for conimercial ]iurposes arc thc! Tobacco 
 F.xcbange, or as it is officially styled, "The 
 Toliacec, Trade of the City of Richmond," the 
 Cotton and (irain I'xchange, the Stock Ex- 
 change, Board of I'nderwriters, Wholesale Gro- 
 cers' Association, and the Cih.mber op Com- 
 .MERCE. Reference has been made tii the last 
 named, and its connection with this work, in 
 our preface; tblldwing are additional facts con- 
 cerning it : 
 
 The RiciiMoxD CitAMHKR OF Co.\i.\iERCE is, de- 
 cidedly, the association representative of business 
 interests of the city, in respect to both functions 
 and ineniliership. It was organized at a meet- 
 ing of persons engaged in the various branches 
 of trade and manufactures pursued here, which 
 was belli in the Tobacco Fxchange September 
 litb, lsi;7, and during the first year of its exist- 
 ence bad '.'A'.i members upon its roll. It suc- 
 ceeded the ante-bellum organization known as-- 
 the Itichmond Board of Trade, and numbered 
 ill its ranks most, if not all, nf the surviving 
 iiieiiibi'rs of that organization — the older mer- 
 eliants and manufacturers of the city at the 
 time — those who gave to the commercial com- 
 munity of Richmond in their day the high char- 
 acter it belli for both enterprise and integrity in 
 business. This excellent re]iute and superior 
 liersoniiel lias Ijeeii wi'll sustained to the present 
 day ; and tlimnili a younger generation, for the 
 iiinst ]part, is tlie predominating clement now, 
 its aims and methods are characterized by the 
 same wise and earnest piiriiose. .\nd while the 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 4o 
 
 city and it>; intfivsts have uxiiancU'd, and the 
 iinestions the ('haml)er eonssidertr liave ninlti- 
 plied, its activity has increased and its nieniljer- 
 sliip vastly enlarged. The entire time of a sec- 
 retary and assistant has been necessary for the 
 imst three years to conduct its daily lousiness. 
 Its meetings are much more frequent, and it now 
 lias 001 resident and 4"i3 non-resident nieml)ers ; 
 the first class constituting the active )nenil)ershiii 
 of the body ; and the second, consisting of prond- 
 ncnt citizens throughout the t'ommonwealtli, 
 an influential element in all matters relating to 
 the welfare of the State at large. 
 
 The following list of its Standing ( 'omnnttees 
 will indicate, in some measure, the vei-y varied 
 rliaracter of the work of the Chamlier ; 
 
 1. Arbitration; 2. Agriculture anil Immigra- 
 tion; 3. Advertising; 4. Banks and ('urrency ; 
 .1. Busine.ss Enterprises ; 6. Commerce and Com- 
 mercial Usage ; 7. Express Service ; 8. Healtli 
 and Sanitation (of Richmond) ; 9. Inland Trade ; 
 10. Information and Statistics; 11. Insurance; 
 12. James River Improvement ; 13. Legislation ; 
 14. Manufactures ; 1-5. Mines (of Virginia) ; 16. 
 Outward Trade ; 17. Public Libraries ; 18. Pos- 
 tal and Telegraph Service ; 19. Reception ; 20. 
 State Exposition ; 21. Streets, Roads and Parks 
 (of Riclimond) ; and besides these, committees 
 charged with aflairs of its own: "Reception," 
 "Membership, Resident and Non-Resident," 
 " Finance," and the matter of its new building, 
 now under way. 
 
 The Chamber is expected to consider, either 
 through these committees or in general session, 
 nearly every question which can aflect the 
 pnigress and. welfare of the community; and 
 it is its recognized mission to take cognizance 
 <if such questions and elicit and give proper ex- 
 l)ressionto public sentiment; and, by its intlu- 
 rnce, to further and protect the many interests 
 tlms committed to its care. 
 
 The list of its former president.s — David I. 
 lUirr, Thomas W. McCance, Joseijh R. Ander- 
 son, E. O. Nolting, R. E. Blankenshij), (ieorge 
 A. Ainslie, and John B. Pureell, men who liave 
 been c-onsiiicuous for their public si)irit — is the 
 lirst illustration of the authority it nmst have 
 exercised at all times. Under such UMdfrshi|i 
 it has been a power. 
 
 The term of the last iiresident, Mr. ,b>iiN I'.. 
 I'uRCELL, has, however, as we have intiiiialcd 
 at the start, been the most active peiiml i,( the 
 Chamber's history, on account, not only of the 
 demands of the times, but of the more complete 
 oi'ganization of the body upon a working basis. 
 .\lthough younger than his predecessors, Mr. 
 
 I'urcell brought to the responsil)le duties of his 
 ottii'c, along with the energy and enterprise of 
 youth, rare excellence of judgment and decision 
 of character, as well as much experience in pub- 
 lic matters and business affaii-s ; so that the three 
 years of his official connection with the Cham- 
 ber, ending in July last, bore the practical fniits 
 of nuicli lalior and devotion to the duties of his 
 oHice. 
 
 During that period the Chamber decided upon 
 an effort to erect a Cluuuher of Connnerce Buikl- 
 ing, and despite many most serious discourage- 
 ments, by ]iluck and perseverance on the ]:iart 
 of those who had charge of the movement, the 
 ]ilan has been .successfully carrieil cut, and a 
 line liuilding situated at the corner of two of 
 the principal streets of the city. Main and Ninth 
 streets, is now in process of erection. It fronts 
 78' feet on 3\Iain street, and rnns back 107 feet ; 
 will have six stories and a half-basement, and 
 cost, perhaps, S200,000, including the land. 
 This structure marks a new era in the style of 
 office buildings in Richmond, and it is to be 
 hoped will be the precursor of other similar 
 enterprises requiring co-operation. 
 
 Upon the retirement from office of Mr. Pur- 
 cell, a retirement owing to other imperative de- 
 mands upon his time, which, greatly to their 
 regret, had to be recognized by the members 
 of the Chamber, Hon. Geohge L. Cukisti.vx 
 was elected his successor. Judge Christian, 
 though a lawyer liy profession, and now in ac- 
 tive practice, had for many years been first 
 vice-president of the Chamber, to which posi- 
 tion he has been annualh' re-elected for many 
 years, in recognition of his labors for the ad- 
 vancement of the city, and because of his un- 
 willingness, heretofore, to hold the position of 
 president. His objection to this jiromotion 
 \\as, however, over-niled, upon the retirement 
 of Colonel Pureell, by a sentiment too strong 
 to be resisted ; and at this critical and impor- 
 tant period of its history the Chamber is pecu- 
 liarly fortunate in securing so able and devoteil 
 an executive. 
 
 The other executive officers of the ('liand)er, 
 at present, are : 
 
 S. H. H.\WES, First A'lee-I'resident ; S. AV. 
 TuAVEKS, Second Vice-President ; Joiix H. Mox- 
 T.\GUE, Treasurer ; R. A. Dunlop, Secretary. 
 
 The directors are: J. L. Antrim, IC. A. Bis- 
 sell, N. W. Bowe, A. H. Christian, .Ii.. L. D. 
 Crenshaw, Jr., S. Dabney Crenshaw, J. C. Cot- 
 trell, F. H. Deane, E. H. Fergusson, R. II. M. 
 Harrison, T. F. Jeflress, B. F. Johnson, Thomas 
 L. iloore, John S. Munce, R. Carter Scott, II. 
 
4G 
 
 THE CITY ON THK JAMES. 
 
 I,. Stai.l.-s, .1. I!. Tiuk.T, .Ii., Kvcivlt Waddcy. 
 Cliarlcs U'iitkiiiH, .hum's 1{. Wcith, .Icihii H. 
 \Vcs(, C. I). Wiii-IULl, F. M. Wliittlc, .Jr.. .[. II. 
 Wliilty, II. W. W.khI. 
 
 The {'liaiiilnr. it will l>c .^ui'ii, i.« a boily aiiii- 
 injir, cDiiiiirclK'nsivi'ly, to ]>n>in(iti' the city's 
 intcivst in wlioK'. Tlif nthcr iirfiaiiizations of 
 the Inisiiu'ss men havi' the .special i>urpiise of 
 regulating; and advancing the particular pnr- 
 .suit.s from which their memhership is draAvn. 
 
 The special purpose of the Toii.\cco Exi h.vnok 
 is to facilitate the huyintr anil selling of leaf 
 tobacc'o, hv medium of its guaranteed sani])les. 
 In it all the dealers in leaf. Ihi' warehousriMen. 
 
 tary of the market transactions and state of the 
 trade in leaf. 
 
 The KlCll.MO.N'I) (ili.MN A-NO CoTld.V K.XCII.VNCE 
 
 was organize<l as the "Corn and Flour Ex- 
 change" in 1S()7. The name was changed in 
 ISSO. It has SO memhers : millei's, grain dealers, 
 commission and provision men, grocers, etc. 
 Call sales are not held by it. X. R. S.wage, 
 of Savage, Beveridge A Co., comnn.ssion mer- 
 chants, is president; B. A. J.ii'oM, secretan,- and 
 treasurer; K. Kixc;, grain in.spector. 
 
 The Insurance men of the city are organized 
 as a Bo.\Ki) OF UxoKiiwuTTKiis, with Georoe I). 
 Pi.E.\s.v.STS as president ; and there is a Stock 
 
 INTERIOR OF THE MOZART ACADEMY OF MUSIC-E Hamilton Cahill, Lessee 
 
 mannfacturei-s of tobacco, and many of the 
 merchants who do a factorage business in the 
 stai)le ((, c, fiu-nish goods or money upon the 
 staple as security), liave memberhip. Its en- 
 i-ollment now is 12(). It was organized in 18.")S, 
 suspended about the close of the war, revived 
 after it, and .since 1877, has occupied quarters 
 especially prejiared for it on the u])per floor of 
 Shockoe Warehouse. Its officers are Wii.li.vm ( i. 
 .Mii.i.Kii, president: W. T. H.vxcocK, vice-presi- 
 • lent; Ca'/.sew McLeod, secretary ami tn us- 
 urer; K. A. TiiicE, auctioneer, and Wili.hm M. 
 Briwies, inspector. Record is kept by its .se<ie- 
 
 lv\rii,\.\i,i; who.se president is ..loux L. \Vil- 
 i,i.\Ms, private banker. The Wiiole.s.vle Gro- 
 CEiis' .\,ssoci.vTiox, E. G. LEifiii, Jr., president, 
 is one of several trade organizations, strictly pro- 
 tective in character. Another, and one of the 
 most important of these, perhaps, with respei't 
 to the interests involved, is the Traflic Associa- 
 tion of the As.so(i.\TEi) R.vii.w.ws of the Vir- 
 
 (:INI.\S .\XI) C.Milll,IX.\S. 
 
 THE KICHMOX]) EXI'OSITIOX. 
 
 The \'irginia State Agricultural and ]\Iechani- 
 cal Society, under whose auspices the Ricn.MOXD,. 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 47 
 
 or rather Yieoinia Exposmox, is lu'ld at Kicli- 
 mond, lias for meinbers li>adiii}r men of the city 
 and State, and for its otticials reiiresentative 
 business Virginians. Colimcl .\. S. liirciKii, 
 ex-president of the Richmond and I>:invillc 
 Raih'oad, is its president. Its vicc-jircsidcnts 
 are: T. P. Campbell, ex-president nf the City 
 Council of Richmond; Colonel William T. 
 Wii'kham, of Hanover ; and Henry \V. Wixxi, 
 of the firm of T. W. Wood A Son, .seedsmen, 
 of Richmond. Its secretary is A. M. Tyi.ki!, of 
 Richmond. 
 
 This Society was organized in is."):;. The I'X- 
 position held by it during ]S!l-, fmin ()ctiilicr 
 (Jth to October 26th, was the secund exiiositiim 
 
 lint it had many si)e<-ial features, among them 
 one of Colonial and other antii|uities (which 
 cannot be duplicated anywhere else), the Buf- 
 talo I!ill ^'Wild West" Show, and other first-class 
 attractions. The exposition (jf 1.S92 was no le.s& 
 iittractive, and quite as successful. The races 
 were an exceptionably entertaining feature, the 
 entries being mnnerous and the sjieed attained 
 the liest ever reached in tlic State. 
 
 The register at the .siates showed that !l.5,000 
 people visited this exposition. The society had 
 a .Kuarantee-fund, subscrilied by the citizens of 
 Richmond, of S7,.")0f), for the jHirposeof meeting 
 a shortage, if there should be one. This amount 
 was not called for, however; but on the other 
 
 WESTMORELAND CLUB HOUSE, 
 
 and its thirtieth exhibition. The society's 
 grounds cover sixty-six aere.s in the western 
 suburbs of the city, valued, with the iiiijjrove- 
 ments upon them, at 1300,000. These improve- 
 ments embrace the largest exjiosition linilding 
 in the South, a pavilion of two floors, 280 x ti()(i 
 feet, numerous sheds and outbuildings, a race- 
 track, with stalls and pens for stock, and a grand 
 stand, seating 2,700. 
 
 The exposition held l)y this society in ISS.S 
 was remarkably successful. It included a show, 
 not merely of products of the State (of them- 
 selves making an extremely interesting disi)lay I, 
 
 hand the society paid its expenses, dollar fijr 
 dollar, out of the gate receijits. 
 
 ( lirRCIIES ANO CIUKIJ-IES. 
 
 liicHjioND is, more than most cities, a church- 
 going community. It has 88 church congrega- 
 tions : ()3 of white membership and 2-5 of colored. 
 The Baptists, with fourteen churches of white 
 membership, are, apparently, numerically the 
 strongest. The Episcopalians come next, with 
 twelve, the !Metliodists next that with ten, and 
 the Presbvterians follow with eight. There are 
 
48 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 fimr Catholic cliiiivlics. fmir l.iitlinuM, loui- 
 '■("hristian," ami llic ^nutr iiuiiiIht cil' .Jewish 
 Syiia]a:o}.'iU's. 'I'Iktc is :>uv Non-Sectarian, one 
 "Clinstaclelphian." and one nf tlie I'l-iemls. 
 
 .\ncl here, as elsewhere, the [inhlic chari- 
 ties have heen institnleil ami are .snp|>orte(l 
 mainly by the cluirehes. The liaptist. Catholic 
 and Episcoinil churches have eadi a liome for 
 their aged, while the I'reshyterians and Meth- 
 odists support the Old Ladies' Honu' in cuni- 
 iiion. St. Tanl's Kpi.scopal chnrch maintains 
 line Orjihan's Uouie, and the (allmlic Sis- 
 tei-s of Charity another. There are, besides: 
 the Richmond Orphan .\sylnm, the Female 
 H\imane .\ssociation, the SpriuL'- Street Home 
 for Erring: Women, the Ladies' City Mission, the 
 Old Market Mi.ssion, and the Woman's Ex- 
 change, beds in the Hetreat for the Sick, all sus- 
 tained by church contrilmtions or under church 
 iiuinageineut, in jiart or in whole; the Masonic 
 A\'idows' and Orphans' Home, situated just 
 without the city, on a tract given for the pur- 
 p<ise by Ca|)tain A. G. Babcnck ; the Odd Fel- 
 lows' Widows' and Orphans' Kelief I'^und, the 
 Soldiers' Home of Lee Camp Confeclerate Vet- 
 erans, the dispensaries of the 'Medical College of 
 Virginia, the Retreat for the Sick, the Shelter- 
 ing Arni.s Hospital, the Richmond Eye, Ear and 
 Throat Infirmary, and the City Alms House and 
 Hospital. The appropriations of the city, itself, 
 for it.s alms house, the cemeteries and for chari- 
 table purposes generally, are something like 
 $.50,000 a year. 
 
 Very largely the spirit of philanthrophy gov- 
 erns the dominant white race at Richmond in 
 its treatment of the dependent and unfortunate 
 of African stock set down in its midst. Neither 
 by the public nor private charities is the qnalitv 
 of mercy strained for the needy and afflicted, 
 whether l)lack or white comjilexioned ; even- 
 handed benevolence is extended to both. The 
 Catholic church has a mis.sion cha|>el, convent 
 and school for colored jx'rsons, and the Friends 
 an asylum. While the Richmond Theological 
 Seminary and the Hartshorn ^lemorial Col- 
 lege, both institutions for tlie care and educa- 
 tion of negro youth, are supported chielh- from 
 the mis.sionarj' funds of the churches at the 
 North, substantial a.ssistance is freely rendererl 
 them by residents here as well. 
 
 KESOHTS .\NI) IIOTKI^S. * 
 
 More and more Richmond grows in favor as 
 a winter resort. Many tourists make it a stop- 
 over .station on the way to Florida and the Gulf 
 Coast. For these it has many attractions: a 
 
 mellow mean of winter climate, a hospitable 
 jieople, characteristic ti-affic, historical posses- 
 sions. The sights to be seen are so many that 
 the Ch.\mber has had compiled a special Tour- 
 tsi-s' (iiiDE Book, descriptive of the statuary and 
 memorials, the battle grounds, Hollywood, the 
 tobacco factories, and the trij) down James 
 river from Riclimon<i to the sea. 
 
 To visitors of this class, a question of the first 
 importance is the character of the city's hotels. 
 Richmond has several good ones, and another, 
 to be equal to any in the land, has been planned. 
 The principal houses at present are Murphy's, 
 Ford's, the Exchange and I'allard, the L)odson, 
 American, Davis and Commercial ; the first 
 named and last two, especially connnercial trav- 
 ellers' resorts. 
 
 Murphy's Hotel, coi'ner of Eighth and Broad 
 streets, Ric'hmond, is situated on one of the 
 highest points in the city, with both a, southern 
 and eastern exposure. It is the leading and 
 best hotel in Riclimond. 
 
 This house, so well and favorably known to 
 commercial travellers, as well as tourists, has 
 been materially enlai'ged and greatly improved 
 by the addiiion of two adjoining buildings. Its 
 rooms are elegantly furnished throughout in a 
 manner to contribute to the ease and comfort of 
 all those who occupy them, and are provided 
 with electric bells, steam heat, etc. 
 
 In connection with the hotel is conducted 
 the finest restaurant and cafe in the city, where 
 every delicacy of the season can be obtained ; 
 and the billiard parlore are equal in every re- 
 spect to those of the largest cities. 
 
 Murphy's was established about six years 
 ago by its popular proprietor. Colonel John 
 SIiRPHY, and is conducted under his able man- 
 agement. Colonel Mui-phy was originally a 
 caterer here, and has worked his way up from 
 small beginnings until he has attained prestige 
 as one of the most successful hotel men of the 
 South. He is one of the rei)resentative business 
 men of the city. ]\Iany visitors to the city in 
 former years will lemember the old tumble- 
 down building at Eighth and Broad streets, in 
 which he commenced ; there making a specialty 
 of oystei-s and serving only the best, he made 
 the dingy looking old structure i^imiliar in a 
 few years to all sojourners here as the oyster 
 house of the city. But the old house is gone. 
 It fell before the march of imjirovement, and in 
 its stead there rises a stately and imposing brick 
 building, five stories high, covering a quarter of 
 a square, and known to the travelling public as 
 ]\rurphy's Hotel. 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 49 
 
 This house was commenced on the site of tlie 
 old one about six yeare ag(j, and has been fur- 
 nislied from top to bottom witli the most mod- 
 ern improvements, in the shape of furniture and 
 other hotel belongings. An elevator aflbrds 
 access to the top of thi.s building, from which 
 vantage one of the most charming views of 
 Kichmond and the adjacent country is unfolded. 
 Looking oast can be seen Drewry's Kluff, Pcjw- 
 hatan and points on the .lames ; looking west, 
 Belle Isle, Hollywood Cemetery and intervening 
 points, fornnng, as a whole, a deliglitfiil picture 
 of this city on the .Tames. 
 
 has been thoroughly refurnished and renovated 
 throughout by its present proprietor. It is cen- 
 trally located and has all the conveniences re- 
 quisite to the comfort of the travelling public — 
 bar, baths, barber shops, reading rooms, etc. 
 Its table and kitchen have the supervision of 
 Mr. Dodson himself, who, by a lifetime's ex- 
 perience of the business here, has become an 
 expert caterer. 
 
 Ri'KoEu's Rest.\uk.\xt, corner of Xinth and 
 Bank streets, is the "Delmonico's" of Rich- 
 mond. It embraces a jiublic dining-room for 
 ladies and gentlemen, conducted on the Euro- 
 
 MURPHY'S HOTEL, EIGHTH AND BROAD STREETS 
 
 This house will at'cximmodate four hundred 
 guests. Rates on the European plan are one to 
 three dollars per day, and on the American plan 
 three to five dollars per day. 
 
 The Hotel Dodsox, situated on Twelfth lie- 
 tween ]Main and Franklin streets, opposite ( 'ap- 
 itol Park, is conducted by Chahles B. Donsox, 
 who is successor to his father in the business. 
 It is an excellent house, with accommodations 
 for 12.5 guests, and rates for transients of $2..5() 
 a day ; permanent boarders less, of course. It 
 
 ])ean plan, a lunch-room for business men, fre- 
 quented at mid-day by the most prominent 
 merchants of the city, and a saloon finished in 
 oak ; and, also, fine parlors artistically furnished 
 and frescoed, which are the scene of many fash- 
 ionable dinner parties. 
 
 The proprietor, Mr. \\'ili.i.\m Kl"E(;ek, is suc- 
 cessor to his father, Louis Rueger, established 
 here in 1S46. He was raised to the business, 
 and is a master t-aterer. He makes a specialtj- 
 of the Virginia and South-Atlantic delicacies, 
 
'.50 
 
 THE CITY OX THK .TAMES. 
 
 siu-li as oystei's, lisli, cti'. ; !\iul invsents daily 
 a bill of fare incoinpanibk' anywhiTo except in 
 a land so highly favored as tliis. 
 
 Loiis Kirbr's restanmnt, saloon and billiard 
 hall at 700 E. Broad street, is one of the best 
 patronized and best managed in Richmond. 
 Mr. Knker lias been in the business liere since 
 18.57. Me has been snccessfnl in it, and has accu- 
 mulateil real estate and other interests by means 
 of it. He is one of the directors ot the Holly- 
 wood Cemetery Association, and is also a mem- 
 ber of the Ch.\mbeh of Com.mkhck. ^Ir. Euker's 
 place is notable as tlie finest sunnner garden of 
 the city. That feature, however, is not the only 
 one that distingnishei it, for its restaurant is one 
 of the \ery best in this city. Altogether, res- 
 taurant, saloon and billiard rooms, occupy an 
 area of 120 feet on liroad bv 14S on Seventli 
 
 street, 'fbey ai'C handsomely fitted up, and 
 are a very p(i|)ular place of entertainment and 
 resort. 
 
 SOCI.\L ST.\TISTICS. 
 
 The Press— Daily 3 
 
 Periodical . . 27 
 
 I,ibraries 5 
 
 Volumes in 50,000 
 
 Collections of Art and Antiquities 5 
 
 Musical Societies 3 
 
 Membership of i 200 
 
 Theaters 2 
 
 Org"anizalions— Commercial Bodies 5 
 
 Social Clubs 5 
 
 Fraternal Orders 35 
 
 Athletic 5 
 
 Religious ■ churches inclusive) 128 
 
 Charitable and Benevolent . . 22 
 
 RESIDENCE OF W. O. BURTON. BUILDING CONTRACTOR, 
 Grove Road, Western Sub-j-l-s 
 
Real Estate and Building. 
 
 SJS-'>«*G^ HAT "splendid sunburst of 
 ■ ' ^ ^°^ prosperity, warming into life 
 the new Industrial Dixie," 
 some one has called the 
 change in the South since its 
 complete political restora- 
 tion; "and dawning Aurora- 
 like at length," we may add, "upon the Old 
 Dominion," a little late, perhaps, but beaming 
 upon the State with rare benignity during the 
 last eight or ten years, especially, and upon this 
 city for the last three or four. 
 
 Virginia's advancement. 
 
 A WONDERFUL transfoiTDation there has been, 
 truly, in Old Virginia : Mile upon mile of rail- 
 road extension ; coal and iron, zinc and mica 
 mines, marl beds, quarries, salt dejDosits, dis- 
 covered, exploited and opened ; furnaces innu- 
 merable built ; forests levelled ; old plantations 
 reclaimed ; vineyards planted in the uplands, 
 whole provinces in the lowlands converted into 
 truck farms ; seaside and mountain springs re- 
 sorts established ; and most striking manifesta- 
 tion of all, towns upspringing from solitudes like 
 the Prophet's gourd ; budding and blossoming- 
 ing exuberantly ; some of them flowering, all 
 at once, in full blown metropolitan pride, like 
 a cereus in the night. 
 
 "West Point, for example, climbing from 557 to 
 2,018 in population between 1880 and 1890, H'.A 
 Radfoid and Pulaski, ascending the same way ; 
 Newport News, for instance, grown to 5,000 from 
 nothing at all in the same space of time ; Bristol, 
 at the Tennessee-Virginia line — that aspiring 
 place which nothing short of two states will do 
 to rise in — likewise grown from zero to 5,229 in 
 the same period ; Danville, doubling in these 
 ten years, increasing from 7,500 to 15,000 ; and 
 Roanoke, with its marvelous development of 
 669 to 16,159, or 2,315 per cent, in that single 
 decade. Numbers these, serving to gauge the 
 industrial progress meanwhile made, as well. 
 
 The growth of the State has been greatest in 
 Southwestern part, which is largely a mineral 
 country ; but is not confined to that district. 
 While Roanoke and Tazewell, counties of the 
 Southwest, show gains in population of 130 
 and 55 per cent., respectively, between 1880 
 
 and 1890, from which gains their material de- 
 velopment may be reckoned also, Rappahan- 
 nock and Alleghany, northern counties, exhibit 
 figures of 66 and 46 per cent. , respectively ; and 
 AVarwick and Elizabeth City, counties of the 
 eastern side of the State, 194 and 51 per cent. 
 In general terms we may say that this State 
 growth has been largest along the lines of the 
 two East and West A'irginia railroad systems, 
 the "C. & O." and "N. & W.," and not aUo- 
 gether, either,in the mountain regions they tra- 
 verse, but along the lower James as much — 
 where the old estates are in general demand, 
 and therefore enhanced in value — and in the 
 Tidewater countiy, as the rapid rise of such 
 places as Suffolk and Norfolk, Newport News 
 and A\'est Point evinces ; and it has extended 
 along these and other lines of rail beyond even 
 the State borders, into West Virginia, as at 
 Pocahontas, and in adjacent parts of North 
 Carolina and Tennessee. 
 
 Richmond's march forward. 
 
 As might be expected from tins ad\aiice- 
 ment of its field, a ■•. ery great impetus has been 
 given to the business of the city by it, an im- 
 petus to Real Estate business and betterment 
 especially. Yet the marked activity which has 
 been characteristic of that pursuit for some 
 time past here — an activity which may be 
 measured by the fact that $12,000,000 or more, 
 as we have said, has l.)een spent here for real 
 estate and improvements in the last three years 
 — is not to be taken as entirely resultant from 
 this aggrandizement of the city's tributaries. 
 It has been, instead, in very large part, sponta- 
 neous. Richmond, as well as the rest, was 
 steadily growing. Its residence quarters, the 
 inside precincts especially, were cramped and 
 congested ; by enlargement of its manufactures, 
 for one cause, calling for many more hands, 
 and therefore many more habitations ; and a 
 very plain showing there is of its overcrowding 
 in Manchester's (il per cent, increase in popula- 
 tion in the perioil of the 80's. And, again, the 
 wealth of the city was accreting ; it had funds 
 to invest, and where better than at home ? 
 
 The time, in short, was ripe for extensive im- 
 provement, and extensive improvement began 
 
52 
 
 THK CViY ON THK .lA^fES. 
 
 with the I'on.stniction here, about five years 
 ago, of the tii'st practical electric street nillway 
 in the land. Here, as elsewhere. Rapid Transit 
 wrought a wondrous change ; and as the ini- 
 tial improvement of all — the inceptive of a 
 whole period of ini|irovements not yet ended — 
 this enterprise certainly merits description first. 
 
 TUE KI.KtTKK' STIiEICT KAIl.WAVS. 
 
 The IJk h.mo.nu Raii.wav and Eleitkic C'o.m- 
 I'ANv, which operates the street car lines travers- 
 ing the principal streets of the city, and fur- 
 nishes arc and incandescent lights and commer- 
 cial power, hasoneof the largest electrical plants 
 in the Union. 
 
 It is a consolidation of the Richmond City 
 Railway Company, the Richmond T'nion Pas- 
 senger Railway Company, the A'irginia Electric 
 l^ight and Power Company, the Old Dominion 
 Electric Light and Power Company, and the 
 Richmond Schuyler l''.lectric Lighting Comiiany. 
 
 The corp(n-ation, as at present constituted, 
 was organized in l.SiKI, under a special act of the 
 Legislature, authorizing it to consolidate these 
 aiul other existing comjianies in the counties of 
 Henrico and (Uiesterfield. It has a paid up 
 capital of ^;2,()00,000, and employs between three 
 ■vnd four hundred men. For convenience of 
 operation, it is divided into three divisions or 
 dei>artmcnts, each of which has a superintendent 
 and a corps of clerks. The City Division has its 
 carsheds, machine-shop and office in the west- 
 ern end of tlie city, at the corner of Main and 
 Vine streets, with a branch office and stables at 
 Leigh and Adams streets. The I'nioii l)ivision 
 has its car-shed, inachine-shoi) and office on 
 Church II ill, in the eastern portion of the city, 
 while the Light Department and Power Station 
 occujiies a brick building with a frontage of over 
 15t) feet on south Seventh street, between Gary 
 and Canal, in the center of the city. An addi- 
 tional power [ilant is now' being erected on the 
 bank of the .James river, between Eighth and 
 Ninth streets, and only a thort distance from 
 the old jiower house. The main office of the 
 company is at lOS South Seventh street. 
 
 .\n idea of the extensive business of this com- 
 pany may be gained, when it is stated that the 
 engiiies and boilers at the power stations have a 
 capacity of 4,000 hoi-se power. This power is 
 utilized in driving the railway generators, the 
 arc light dynamos, and the incandescent and 
 commercial power clynamos. The company has 
 now in oi)eration about sixty miles of railway, 
 measured as single track, sevcutv-tive electric 
 
 and horse cars, one thousand arc lights, and seven 
 thousand incandescent lights, and is furnishing 
 the e(iuivalent of three hundred horse-power to 
 run elevators, printing presses and liglit ma- 
 chinery in the city. 
 
 The attention of those living in other cities 
 has bet'ii frequently called to the electrical sys- 
 tem of Richmond, because on the tra<'ks of the 
 Richmond I'nion Passenger Railway it was first 
 ilrnionstrated that it was possible and practica- 
 ble to propel street cars by electricity. Many 
 mistakes were made, and a large amount of 
 money was wasted before the problem was 
 solved here, but the perseverance of the stock- 
 holders and the intelligent co-operation of the 
 City Engineer, at last accomplished the desired 
 result, and gave to Richmond a street car service 
 ei|ual to any in the country. No other city has 
 had a more varied experience in this directiim, 
 and in no other can as many facts be obtained 
 and as many comparisons drawn, all of which 
 will show the benefits to be derived by a com- 
 munity which is fortunate enough to have well 
 equipped electric street car lines. 
 
 Next most important to this original (■(im])any, 
 in res])ect of its serviceability as a medium of 
 rapid transit, is this one : 
 
 The Richmond and Manchester Railway 
 Company's electric line, fourteen miles long, 
 extends from Highland Park, a northern sub- 
 urb of Riclimond, through the heart of the city, 
 and over the James, by the Free bridge, across 
 ^Manchester to its "West End park and residence 
 addition, known as Forest PIill Park and 
 Woodland Heights. It is, therefore, a rapid 
 transit facility to both Richmond and !Man- 
 chester, and a bond of union between the two. 
 
 This company was organized in 1890, by Rich- 
 mond and Manchester capitalists, who saw 
 clearly tlie opportunity unfolded for a railroad 
 and for suburban development in the two 
 cities, and proceeded to avail themselves of it. 
 .Twin Skelton Williams, banker, of Richmond, 
 is its president ; W. S. Seddox, of Baltimore, sec-- 
 retary and treasurer. The company began its 
 work of development b\' converting the old 
 Manchester horse road into an electric line, and 
 by laying out Woodland Heights on the Man- 
 chester side, which tract embraces Forest Hilt, 
 Park, a great resort in summer for the Rich- 
 mond i>eople, and the southern terminal of the 
 line. It is a fragment of the original green- 
 wood to who.se primitive charms the art of the 
 landscape engineer has added a beautiful lake 
 and other attractions ; it is dedicated to public 
 use, and it is one of the most delightful resorts 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 53 
 
 provided for the relaxation of the denizens of street, which viaduct was constructed by the 
 
 any city. Having done tliis, the coniijany nego- parties interested in tliese development* north 
 
 tiated a lease of the line built Ity the North- of Richmond, at a cost of $85,000. The road is 
 
 Side Land Company and othere, to connect oiierateil from a power house on Semmes avenue, 
 
 TIMES BUILDING 
 Occupied by the Richmond Daily Times. (Page 39.) 
 
 Chestnut Hill, the property of the Richland Manchester, at the corner of Nineteenth street, 
 
 Land Company, and Highland Park, with Rich- where the company has a tract of several acres, 
 
 mond, over the splendid viaduct spanning l!a- In the power house is an equipment <:if three 
 
 con's Quarter Branch at the north end nf Fifth l-'iO horee-power dynamos and a 100 horse-power 
 
THE CrrV ON THE JAMES. 
 
 dynamo. The coiiii>aiiy, l)y tlu' way. |iroi»iscs 
 to furnish electric lifil'tf', also, to ^hincliester, 
 from this same plant. 
 
 The road was built espei-ially to develop 
 ■Woodland Hkkihts. By mean.s of it, Main 
 street, Kielimond, can lie reached from that 
 addition in (Ifteen minutes. Thus the greatest 
 ohjection to life in the suburbs — the time lost in 
 reaching them — is, in the case of these Heights, 
 removed. 
 
 These two lines and tlieir branches (some of 
 
 DISPATCH BUILDING, 
 Occupied by the Daily Richmond Dispatch. (Page 38.) 
 
 which are still ojierated with mules for iimtor, 
 but are to be converted, as soon as business jus- 
 tifies) network all Kichmond and Manchester. 
 There is a dununy line, besides them, extend- 
 ing from the uortliea.«tern terminus of the Rich- 
 mond Railway ami Klectric Comiiany's lines 
 to the liattletield and National Cemetery of 
 ■Seven Pines, a distance of seven and-a-half 
 miles — which roail also is to be made an electric 
 lint- shortly — and one short iude|ii'ndently- 
 operated hoi-se line, a mile louj;. 
 
 NKW BUILDINGS PUT VI'. 
 
 So nmch for the street railroads of the city. 
 To resume our story of Richmond's improve- 
 ment : About three years ago a large tract of 
 desirable residence property, in what was then 
 the extreme west end of the city, but is now 
 well in — has since been annexed, in fact— was 
 placed on the market by Messrs. Bryan, Dooley 
 and others ; and about the same time Mr. James 
 H. Bauton, and his associates, embarked in 
 their Barton Heights project ; Baltimore parties, 
 too, invested freely in Manchester 
 ground ; and soon there was appa- 
 rent the two most conspicuous fea- 
 tures of this new departure here, a 
 veiy extensive suburban develop- 
 ment, and new l.iuildings rising all 
 over town. 
 
 Everywhere now, even to stran- 
 .ger eyes, the new buildings are no- 
 ticeable. The West End, perhaps, 
 as the choicest residence quarter, 
 makes the bravest display of them ; 
 liere are the city's most costly and 
 luxurious domestic establishments ; 
 here is a district which, as a whole, 
 \ies in impressiveness with the 
 fashionable residence district in 
 .my American city. Many of its 
 homes are really palatial ; the 
 U 1 n t e r mansion for example, 
 upon which its owner, a very 
 ^u( cessful tobacco manufacturer, 
 has lavished a royal ransom, the 
 Harris residence which cost $60,- 
 1)00, and that of W. A. Jones, $.50,- 
 OOO, all three of them new ; and the 
 \ illas of Joseph Bryan and Ginter, 
 just outside the city, are also of 
 sumptuous finish and furnishings. 
 lUusti-atious of several of these are 
 ]iivsenteil herein, and, h\ way of 
 contrast with them, of the Saun- 
 ders and !Mayo, and other older 
 types of princely Richmond homes. 
 In the suburbs, also, many fine and expensive 
 houses, newly built, are to be seen ; at Barton 
 Heights and Chestnut Hill, and in Manchester, 
 which also has its aristocratic West End, and, 
 among other buildings a Masonic Temple of 
 recent construction and handsome front. In 
 keeping, too, with the brand new dress of the 
 West End of Richmond, generally, is the modern 
 architectural apparel of the new churches, the 
 (irace street and Grove Avenue Baptist, for in- 
 stance, which are Miiil to have cost no less than 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 55 
 
 ^(iO.OOO each ; and of the Broad street t<tores, like 
 those of Levy, and Colien, Fonrqurean, Price <*i 
 Co., and otliers. That street, indeed, as the 
 principal shopping street of the city, its Broad- 
 way, literally, is undergoin"' a general recon- 
 struction and remodelling all along the line. 
 
 In the wholesale district new factories are 
 rising evei-y day, and the old are in i)rocess of en- 
 largement, and this is one of the most obvious 
 of tlie many signs the city atibrds of its progress 
 and prosjierity. A modern stamp has l)een put 
 on this quarter also liy tlie new l)nil(lings com- 
 pleted and under way. 
 
 THE builders' tuade. 
 
 DuRi.N-G the year 1889, 18110 and hs'.ll, there 
 were built in Richmond and jManchester, 2,065 
 houses; the expenditure for which was S'OjOOO,- 
 000. In 1889, 018 were built ; in 1890, 9o9, and 
 in 1891, 508. Non-taxable buildings, like 
 churches, for instance, are not included in this 
 record. The true figure is very HUely nearer 
 $3,500,000 total. 
 
 Long strides forward, certainly, in tiu' diret'- 
 tion of metropolitanization are indicated by the 
 enumeration of the more important building and 
 developmental projects of the last few years, 
 lately made by one of the newspapers of the city. 
 This list was as follows : 1. The ITnion Passen- 
 ger depot of the Atlantic Coast Line roads ; 
 2. The Exposition building and grounds ; 
 o. The induction of the electric street railway ; 
 4. The New City Hall ; 5. The Masonic Temple ; 
 <). The Chamber of Commerce; 
 7. The Barton Heights, North- 
 8ide and other real estate en- 
 terprises on this side of the 
 river, and the jVIanchester ex- 
 tensions on the other ; 8. The 
 new S.500,000 hotel y\>\i\ni^ fcir 
 which are in preparation) ; 9. 
 The pioposed new theater ; 10. 
 The proposed new $1,000,000 
 C & O. depot and office build- 
 ing; and 11. The proposed new 
 James River Steamboat Line. 
 There is in prospect, besides, a 
 new depot for the " R. & D. ; " 
 a settlement of the canal issues 
 between the city and the C. 
 & V). Railway, by which the 
 powerof the river can l>e more fully utilized for 
 manufactures ; the Eighth street tunnel, to afford 
 anotlier railroad entrance — the Richmond and 
 Chesapeake ; and two steamship connections at 
 
 Newport News, one coastwise, and the other for- 
 eign, which, when effected, should greatly am- 
 plify the city's maritime and foreign trade. 
 Of the work enumerated alicive, tliree impor- 
 
 THE LATE ALBERT L WEST A.chitect 
 
 taut jobs are in progress, and three more being 
 planned. The three in jirogress are the Cham- 
 ber OK Commerce, the New State Library, and 
 New City Hall ; the three projected, the new 
 $500,000 hotel of ;\Iajor Gintcr, the new theater 
 
 
 "•tll 
 
 
 Block of Residences Designed by Poindexter St Bryant, Architects 
 
 to be built by Maji)r Pope, and the C. c*c O. de- 
 pot and office building, for which the estimate 
 is $1,000,000. 
 These l>uildiiig improvements have supported 
 
.~)6 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 )iaiHlsomely six or eiglit aiThitects and perhaps 
 100 biiildin)j;c'(intrac'tors, most of whom are iiiaiiu- 
 facturers also of liuildin>x material or brick, and 
 
 CAPT, M J DIMMOCK, Architect, 
 
 in some cases both. It is not too much to say 
 tliat the building work prosecuted here has 
 emi)loyed more than 1,000 men pretty steadily 
 since the work of improvement was commenced. 
 The year's building business aggregates now 
 ftdly $1,000,000. Brick is the material chiefly 
 used foi- snperstmctures, although wood is in 
 favor for the clieapi^r sort of sulnirlian dwellings. 
 Stone fronts or trimmings are the rule in the 
 case of tlie finer buildings, and the taste is for 
 moilern styles. Building work here is, perhaps, 
 slightly dearer than in Philadelphia or Balti- 
 more, but is cheaper than in the "West. Lumber 
 costs from SIl to $20 a thousand; brick laid in 
 the wall about $11. Tlie city has numerous es- 
 tablishments engaged in the manufiicture of in- 
 terior finish and building material of all sorts. 
 The woi-k of tliat soi-t done here is the very liest. 
 
 Tni-: HKIIMONJ) AltcniTECTS. 
 
 SKETCUhsof the architects of tlu> city follow. 
 Tlie builders, contractors and niannfacturers of 
 building material have mention in the chapter 
 on the city's manufactures. 
 
 M. J. Dlm.mock, architect, of 14 and 1.') Mer- 
 chants Bank Huilding, 110:! .Main street, is a 
 leader in his i)rofe.«sion here. The architecture 
 
 of this city, indeed, beai-s evei-ywhere the ini- 
 luess of his constructive and artistic talent. 
 >rost of the costlier business houses and resi- 
 dences are his work : four churches — the Grove 
 Avenue and Venable Street, Baptist ; All Saints 
 and St. Andrew's, Episcopal ; and more than 
 one public stnicture besides. The Tobacco Ex- 
 change was planned by him, and his jilans have 
 been accepted for the new Cu.vmbkr of Com- 
 MKKCE, to cost $150,000. Of this body he is 
 a member. 
 
 Other ]iarts of tlie State show, also, examples 
 of his skill; Danville, with an Opera House 
 and many of its finest homes ; Norfolk and 
 Portsmouth, of which last named city he is a 
 native ; and many other of the larger places of 
 tlio Old Dominion. He has been |iracticing his 
 profession here for many years, and during that 
 time has ri.sen to the topmost round of the 
 ladder in it, in the quality as well as aggregate 
 of his professional work. 
 
 He was adjutant of the Tenth ^■il•ginia Cav- 
 alry, C. S. A., under General J. E. B. Stuart, 
 (luring the war, and served all through the con- 
 llict. He is notable, therefor, also, as a veteran 
 of the late unpleasantness. He is a member 
 and one of the board of directors, also, of the 
 American Institute of Architects. 
 
 P. J. White, architect, of Eleventh and ^lain 
 streets, has iilanned and superintended the con- 
 struction of some of the finest and mo-st costly 
 
 p. J WHITE, A.chii 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 57 
 
 residences and business struotures of the eitv ; 
 among many otliers the following: Blanehard's 
 Warehouse on Virginia street ; E. G. Leigh 
 & ("o.'s, corner Tenth and Cary ; F. E. Pat- 
 rick's, corner Tenth and Canal; P. H. Mayos 
 tobacco factory on Seventh street ; A. B. Eddin's 
 factory on Eleventh street ; the INIorris block of 
 residences on Harrison near Franklin street ; the 
 pretty and tasteful resi<lences of Jackson Brandt 
 and Decatur Axtcll on Franklin street, adjoining 
 the Commonwealth Club on the west ; the 
 Beall block on Pai'k avenue ; several blocks on 
 Main near Beach street ; and many others on 
 Grove avenue, Franklin and Grace streets, that 
 sufiiciently indicate his professional skill with- 
 out irirther c-onniient. 
 
 Mr. White is a native of Albemarle county, 
 Virginia, and is a veteran of Fitz Lee's cavalry, 
 A. N. V. He is an c/erc of the ^Maryland Insti- 
 tute School of Designs. He has been a resident 
 of Richmond since 1S72, and has lieen practicing 
 his profession, on his own account here, sin<'e 
 1874. 
 
 Walter R. Hicua.m, architect, of - >;urth 
 Eleventh .street, over the National Bank of Vir- 
 ginia, has been i^ursuing his profession here 
 -since 1878. He came to America in 1874 from 
 England, of wliicli country he is a native, and 
 in which also he had mastered the elements of 
 his business at the Government .school of the 
 South Kensington ^[useum, during a four \'ears' 
 course at that institution. He has been bu-sily 
 employed since he established himself here, and 
 
 built the large hotel at Glasgow, Va. ; he has 
 built a great deal of railroad work, stations esj^e- 
 c-ially ; he superintended tlie construction of the 
 
 Mayrnont, " Suburban Residence of Major James H. Dooley, Henrico County, Va 
 Designed by Architect Edgerton S. Rogers. 
 
 has disjilayed abilities of no mean order for his 
 business. He i)lanned the State Female Nor- 
 mal school at Farmville, \'a., and designed and 
 
 WALTER R HIGHAM Atctiitect 
 
 new Masonic Tcm|ile heiv, and he was the 
 ai'chitect also of some of the finest West End 
 residences of the city. He is now engaged upon 
 the construction of two new iduirches here— the 
 Presbyterian, on Chestnut Hill, and the Meth- 
 odist, on Church Hill — and is making extensive 
 alterations to the Retreat for the Sick. 
 
 He is, in short, one of the 
 busiest architects of the cit)', 
 and Ills wiirk is earning for 
 him a high rejiute. 
 
 He has recently been ap- 
 piiinted consulting architect 
 liy !\Iai<.ir Ginter. with special 
 charge (if that gentleman's 
 suburban building improve- 
 ments out on the Hermitage 
 road, uiirthwest of the city, 
 which are planned on a grand 
 scale, and ai'e likely to ecliprse, 
 when comjileted, any similar 
 work yet undertaken in the 
 South. 
 
 EnoKitTox S. RodERS, archi- 
 tect of the Hanewinckel 
 Building is, although of an old 
 Virginia family, a native of 
 Rome, Italy. He was educated in that city, at 
 the Beaux Arts Academy of Architecture, and 
 he followed his profession there three years. 
 
r)8 
 
 'rill% r\'V\ ON THE JA]SIES. 
 
 Then he caim' lu-re, and has lii'fii [irartit^in^ in 
 this city for live yeai-s. 
 
 He is a son of tlie sculptor Kogers; he was 
 raised amid surroundings of art and architectu- 
 ral insjiiration ; and his work iliscloses his train- 
 ing' in an Old World school. 
 
 lie dcsijjned and superintended the Fouriju- 
 rean, Price c*i Co.'s buildinjj: on Broad street, for 
 I', li. Mayo, the owner, and remodeled Jla.jor 
 <iinter's country residence at " Westbrook " 
 (one of the finest in the United i^tates), and he 
 was architect for Major Dooley's palatial resi- 
 dence, ">hiymont," Henrico county, Virginia, 
 which cost its owner $70,000 to build. He is 
 now eng-aged on the Virginia Building at the 
 World's Fair, Chicago. He was apiiointed ar- 
 chitect of that structure by the State Board of 
 .Managers, fnjm among a very large number of 
 conipetitoi-s, and by unanimous vote. 
 
 Jlr. Kogers is open for engagement anywhere 
 in his line in the South, and he will furnish 
 designs or give e.'-timates on work of any kind. 
 
 Wii.i.i.\>i C. West, architect, of 1105 Main 
 street, is a son of, and is successor to, tlie late 
 Albert I.,. West, distinguished in his lifetime 
 as the author of the "Architects' and liuilders' 
 ^'ade Mecum " ; as one of the first native Virgin- 
 ians to engage in the practice of the profession of 
 architecture, as an expert in disputed questions 
 of his busniess requiring adjustment, and as a 
 master of the ait genei'ally ; and in private life 
 of note for the interest he always took in the 
 good works of the Sunday-school and church. 
 
 He was a resident of Richmond pretty much 
 all Ids life. During the war he was in the Con- 
 federate service as engineer and architect at 
 the Atlanta, (_ia., arsenal, with intervals spent 
 in the tield. He was chairman of the State 
 Sunday-school Convention just before his death, 
 and in ISOO was delegate from A'irginia to the 
 International Sunday-school Convention held in 
 rittslmrg, Ta. 
 
 He was a Fellow of the American Institute of 
 Architects, and was the oldest pi-actitioner of 
 this city. Kxamples of his life's work as an 
 architect abound in Richmond on every hand. 
 He was esjiecially a master of ecclesiastical ar- 
 chitecture, a branch of the business admitted 
 l)y the pi-ofession as, next to the construction 
 of a tine theater, one lequiring more thorough 
 understanding of architecture, practical and 
 artistic. Hum any other. Hedesigned andsuper- 
 intended construction of the Broad Street and 
 Trinity churches here, and of Grace Street P>a|>- 
 tist Church, the largest and one of the costliest 
 tabernacles of the South ; of the Pace I'.lork on 
 
 Main and F.ighth streets (occupied by the C. it O. 
 railroad company as offices), of the building of 
 the National Bank of ^■irginia, and the Valentine 
 Meat Juice Works ; and besides these of several 
 tine .ichool buildings, and numerous residences, 
 among them those of Messi-s. Tiiomas Stagg, 
 (ieorge B. McAdams, AVirt K. Taylor, R. S. 
 Bosher. William Asbby Jones, and others; and 
 of work done elsewhere, churches at Charlotte, 
 Raleigh and Winston, X. C, and at Lagos, West- 
 ern Africa, and Yokohama, Japan; "Rock- 
 lands," the country seat of Mr. R. Barton Haxall ; 
 the Court-house at Elizabeth, X. C. ; the Grand 
 Pavilion at the Yorktown Centennial ; addi- 
 tions to the State Insane Asylum, and Peniten- 
 tiary ; residences in Norfolk and other cities 
 of the State; and the Bahimore I'nited Oil 
 A\'orks at ^Manchester, across the river finm this 
 city. 
 
 His son and successor, .Mr. Wii.i.i.vm C. \\'est, 
 is a native of the city, and is well qualified by 
 experience and study to continue the work en- 
 trusted his preilecessoi', unci to assume the place 
 he \acated in the profession here. Mr. West 
 was with his father lietween seven and eiglit 
 yeai"s, for much of that time in charge of the 
 drafting department of their business. For a 
 long time he gave his attention to that depart- 
 ment during the day, and with praisewortliy 
 diligence devoted his evenings to the study of 
 techical matters, connected with tiie i)rofession, 
 under conqietent masters, thus fitting him.self 
 thoroughly for the position lie is now calk'd 
 upon to fill. 
 
 B. W. Poixdexteu and C. K. Bkv-\xt, two 
 young and enterprising architects of Rii'hmond, 
 have been in partnerahip under the designation 
 of Poindexter & Bi-yant, since May 1, 1S1I2. 
 Their offices are in the Merchants Xational 
 i'ank building, coi-ner of Eleventh and ^Main 
 streets. They have each had .seven y cat's' ex- 
 perience of their profession, both practical and 
 theoretical, with leading architects of the coun- 
 try, and, besides, have liad the advantage of 
 technical schooling. They have been doing a 
 great deal of work in A'irginia, and considerable, 
 also, througliout the South. Church work is 
 a specialty with them, Imt they are ])rt pared to 
 execute all classes of building>^. The i-ut on jiage 
 .).') of this matter shows a block of six hand- 
 some residences in the western part of the city, 
 which were designed by them. Accompanying 
 also are their portraits. 
 
 Cn.utLEs H. Re.M), Jr., architect, of li' .North 
 Xintli street, has had a tong and vaiud exi)eri- 
 enct' of his iii'ofession. ami. inciilcntallv. of its 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 59 
 
 eii'rineeriii'.' feiitures, and has disi)layed his 
 ability in tlie construction of a nunitier of tlie 
 finest liuildinjjs of tlie city, anicinir the rest the 
 new Times buildinj; at Tenth and Bank streets, 
 tin- Plantei-s National Bank building, the Levy 
 it Davis store on Broad street, the Ilawes Row 
 of residences on Fifth street, and the Strause 
 resilience on Franklin street. 
 
 This experience of his, to vhiili \\<- liave 
 made reference, extends over seventeen years. 
 1 le is a native of tlie city, was in the Confederate 
 army, and was wounded at the battle of Xew 
 ^larket. lie studied for his profession in the 
 School of Engineering of the University of \'ir- 
 ginia at Charlottesville For four yeare after 
 that he was with the Tredegar Iron Works here, 
 as mechanical draftsman, and also with the 
 Metropolitan Iron AVorks of Richmond, and the 
 American Rolled-Xut and Tube Company of this 
 city. After that he was in the office of the 
 Supervising .-^ -hitect of the United States at 
 Washington, D. C. ; then was attached to the 
 I'nited States theological Survey; then prac- 
 ticed his profession in M'ashington for twelve 
 years ; and finally, in 1889, returned to Rii-li- 
 niond and opened an office. 
 
 graduate of the Royal Academy of Architecture, 
 Berlin, Germany, of which city he is a native, 
 
 and is a member of the American Institute of 
 
 B, W. POIiMDEXTER. 
 Of Poindexter & Bryant ArchitectS- 
 
 Cari. RiEHUMi'Xi), architect of Rueger's build- 
 ing, corner of Ninth and Bank streets, is a 
 
 CHARLES K BRYANT, 
 Of Po'ndexler & Bryant, Architects. 
 
 Architecture. He came to this country in 1881, 
 and after an experience of his profession in 
 riiiladeljihia, and in the government service at 
 Wasliington, D. C, he came here in 1SS8, and 
 was associated in practice with the late Albert 
 I.ybrock. Subsequently be \\;is engtiged a.sain 
 bv the Government to remodel the Post Office 
 ben-, wliii'li work he pertbrnud in a skilful 
 iHanner. 
 
 The following are examples of work executed 
 by him here: The Cohen Company's building 
 I modern department house), on Broad street; 
 the Rountree trunk factory, on Ross street, and 
 the palatial residences of William L. Koyall, 
 attcirney, and C. P. Stokes, capitalist, on Frank- 
 lin street, the Fifth Avenue of Richmond. 
 
 ( '. P. E. BruGwvx, consulting engineer, of Sl'.l 
 Main street, has been the engineer for the Hol- 
 1\ \Miod Cemetery for thirteen years, and holds 
 the same po.«ition with ^It. Calvary R. U. Ceme- 
 tery. He has been supervising architect of the 
 foundation work of the new City Hall here, and 
 was i^ngiiieer for the construction of the Lee 
 Monument. In 187() he was agent for and in 
 cliai'ge of the construction of the lines of the 
 
60 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 liuU 'IV'k'pliniu' ComiJiUiy. llf lias l«vn in tlit' 
 government service as engineer of river ami 
 harl)()r iinprovenients — liiis l)een, in fact, tlie 
 resilient <'n,i;ineer liavin}; eliarge of tlie \vorl<; on 
 tlie .James — anil lie has rejiorted fre<)uently on 
 water power and other jinijeets for capitalists 
 proposinjr tn invest liereahoiits. He has been 
 associated with Boston parties in extensive ])ro- 
 jjosed <loek construction, and has investigated 
 and reported upon the old .James river canal. 
 He is principal of the \'irginia Mechanics In- 
 stitute, is president of the Virginia J)redging 
 and Hock Construction Company, vice president 
 of the Warwick Park Trans] >ortat.ion Company, 
 and is president also I if the Bermuda Hundred 
 (Construction Company, which huilt the new 
 line (if the Karmville and I'owhatan railroad. 
 He has l)een established in this bnsine.ss here, 
 following it steadily, since 1.S76. Mr. Burgwyn 
 has likewi.se considerable literaiy distinction. 
 He is a graduate of Harvard, with the B. A. 
 as well as 0. E. degree. He has taken first 
 prizes for F.atin poems ; a coujile of years ago lie 
 won the prize of the Richmond Thiies for an 
 article on Kichmon<l as a Manutincturing Cen- 
 ter, and he has also given some attention to tic- 
 tion. In 1880 he wrote ami ]iulilishcil the 
 "Huguenot Lovers"; a tale of the Old l>o- 
 minion. 
 
 HEAI. ESTATE niSINESS. 
 
 Kbai. Estate changed hands in Richmond 
 during the year 18S9 to the value of $2,.5l:i,ll.-i ; 
 during 1890, to the value of !ii2 .582,506 ; and 
 during 18<)I, .Sl,013,.518 ; a total in three years of 
 l?7,000,i:!9. To make this grand aggregate, the 
 numtjcr of transfei's of large tracts of suburban 
 property there were, contributed, perhaps, most ; 
 and it was by rea.son of these tliat the years 1889 
 and 1890 make so much better sliowing than 1891. 
 
 By these sul)urban e.xtensiiins 4,000 acres of 
 outside lands have been joined to J-tichmond, 
 and l)etween 2,000 and :i,000 to ^lanchester; in 
 the latter city, four improvement syndicates 
 have 1,00(1 acres in hand themselves. Tire addi- 
 tions made til Wchmond cover a mile and a half 
 or two miles radius, noi'th, east and west ; 
 those to Manchester cover nearly as much area, 
 Jjut not so compact. 
 
 It is estimated that for the work of improve- 
 ment necessary to make this acreage market- 
 able, such as ]ilatting ami grading, viaduct build- 
 ing, Street railroad connections, and all that, 
 $7.50,000 has been spent in the three-year 
 period to wliich we refer, and of this total 
 Maurlicstel- is crerlitrd with .'i!2.50,000. 
 
 J)uriiigthis period, I^ee District, in the West 
 End of Richmond, was brouglit within the cor- 
 porate bounds by annexation. It covers 280 
 acres, and has ?1 ,000,000 of taxable values. The 
 XoKTii-SioE Land ( 'ompaxv has added 175 acres 
 more, lying just outside the northern limits, 
 and has expended there u|ion its addition.s — 
 Chestnut Hill and Highland J'ark— $275,000, 
 its l?85,000 iron viaduct, over tlie canyon of 
 15acon's( Quarter Branch, inclusive. The Bartun 
 Heights Company has upbuilt similarly addi- 
 tions of Bai'ton Heights and Brookland Pai'k, 
 contiguous to the Xorth-Side Land Comiiany's 
 additions, has expended SM5,000 for its viaduct, 
 and improved altogether 200 acres. The addi- 
 tions of .Jackson Brandt and the LrsnoN Lani> 
 Co.MiwNV, on the west, the Suerwoud Land 
 CoMi'ANV, northwest, and of Cati.in and otliers, 
 northeast, form, with these north-side improve- 
 ments, a pretty .solid cordon of new city, equal 
 almost to the ground covered by tlie citj- within 
 i\w. old charter lines. 
 
 In like manner a semi-circle of im])roveiiient 
 is described about ^Fanchester, on the opposite 
 side from its river front, nearly, if not, indeed, 
 as extensive as the city was before this work 
 «as begun. Of the 2,0(i5 houses run up, more 
 than 400 were built in Manchester ; the new 
 buililings in both cities have been raised most 
 largely in these suburbs ; the building and loan 
 associations and installment building agencies are 
 credited for their part with a 1 lig fi-action of these 
 improvements ; these two cities have spent fidly 
 Sil,000,000 for street improvements, sewerage, 
 etc., urban and sulmrban, in the three years pa.st ; 
 the street railroarl work has cost §1,250,000 ; for 
 the two viaducts we have mentioned, §120,000 
 was expended, and if all the items could be 
 arrived at, it is probable that the sum expended 
 for Richmond and Manchester improvements 
 since 1889 will aggregate nearer fifteen millions 
 than the very conservative figure of twelve mil- 
 lions we have named. There is prosi^ect, too, 
 of far more important improvements aliead 
 tlian tliose of the past : ^Major Ginter's Hermit- 
 age Road enterprise, which will likely outclass 
 all other subui'ban settlements here in the matter 
 of style and expense ; and those of the various 
 railroads already mentioned, the Richmond 
 and Chesapeake tunnel, C. iV O. depnt, ete. 
 
 (iiNlEHNINO THE MARKET. 
 
 \ nitisK market for real estate has advanced 
 prices and en hivneed values. This advance has 
 been greatest, of course, in suburban property ; 
 yet it has been almost as striking in some inside 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 (Jl 
 
 Malfs. liistiiiuv^^ might Iju giwu hI' l'UO jut tint. 
 increase in values, as shown hy actual sales 
 within the last five years. It is to lie within 
 hiiunds to say that the general advance in desir- 
 able parts of the city has been fully M ]>cv cent, 
 in this time. 
 
 Notwithstanding this enhancement, property 
 here, all things considered, is low-jiriced, es- 
 ]iccially .so as compared with ^lemphis and 
 other cities of Richmond's class, no more prom- 
 ising. The best price yet paid for business 
 property (improvements not counted) was $S00 
 per front foot, and this was considered very 
 reasonable. Property in the wholesale district 
 generally conuriands, perhaps, $200 )ier front 
 foot average (without improvements), and runs 
 from that price up to S(300 for JMain street ground. 
 .Uong Broad street, where the finest retail estali- 
 lishments are congregated, S200 to s.iOO per 
 fmnt foot would be considered a fair price. 
 
 Choice inside residence sites are worth from 
 SloO to $:500— the latter price along Franklin, 
 Grace, and other fashionable streets ; choice sul)- 
 urlsau residence property ranges from Slo to $r,0 
 a front foot, and the less desirable suburlj (such 
 as is usually occujiied by the working class, 
 fetches |5 to S20 a foot. Of manufacturing sites, 
 with railroad facilities available, there are 
 plenty to be had, though not in the heart of 
 town. Suliurlian sites of this character are 
 vvnrth, pel-blips, $10; inside sites, perhaps, |100 
 a front foot. 
 
 ^Manchester prices are very much less, of 
 course, than these. The prices given are especi- 
 al!}' reasonable, considering the fact that im- 
 proved property here, as a rule earns larger in- 
 terest on the investment than in most of the 
 Eastern cities. An agent here gives the ex- 
 pense for taxes, insurance, repairs, etc., at 4 per 
 <ent. for residence property, and 3 per cent, for 
 business property, and contributes the following 
 schedule of prevailing rents : 
 
 For a Ijuilding of three or foui' stories, suit- 
 aljle for jobbing business or light manufacturi's, 
 $800 to $1,500 per annum ; for a retail store mi 
 Main street, in a good location, $2,000 a year ; 
 for a ground-floor office, $600 to $1 ,000 a year, 
 and long leases can generally be obtained. For 
 an eight or ten-room house the rent might be 
 $.i00 to $800 a year ; a six-room house $:>00 ; and 
 a four-room house, perhaps, $200. This, of 
 course, in Richmond proper ; in Mant'hester the 
 charge woulil lie \ery much less. 
 
 The growth of the city proceeds, as we have 
 sail!, pretty evenly on all sides. The business 
 cjuarter moves steadily westward along Main 
 
 street, and in that direction particularly along 
 Broad street ; the fashionable residence tinarter 
 likewi.se proceeds due West ; but there are fa- 
 vorite localities also in the suburlis on other 
 sides. The fourteen building and loan associa- 
 tions of the city operate largely in lands of the 
 mirth and west ; here, as everywhere else, they 
 have Ijeen a very great aid to the thrifty poor. 
 The most important of them are descril)ed fur- 
 ther along in this chapter. The interest charged 
 upon mortgage loans here is 6 per cent. ; and 
 about two-thirds of the market valui' nf the 
 security is loaned. 
 
 The advantage of investment in property here 
 then, summed u]), is: 1. It can be liought cheap. 
 2. It earns pretty good interest in rents. .S. 
 Taxes and other charges are low — taxes parti- 
 cularly so, by contrast with the rate in other 
 cities, lioth North and South. 4. It is enhanc- 
 ing in value fast, l)y reason of the growth of the 
 city— douliling, in some parts inside in five or 
 six years, quadrupling in the siilmrbs in the 
 same time. 
 
 Street railri.iad facilities are pretty tlicniiugldy 
 provided. The water sujiply is good and am- 
 ple ; the pulilic conveniences of jjavements, 
 sewers, street lights, parks, etc., are already 
 provided — not, as in new cities, yet to be made — 
 :iii(I ;ill that is necessary is to extend them as 
 the city grows. .Vs a place of residence the city 
 has manifold charms. Its cUmate is ciiualile 
 and |ileasant; it is picturesquely situated; it has 
 the social advantages peculiar to an old city, in 
 which sort these things are cherished most ; it 
 has a good public school system ; it is growing 
 fast in a business way, steadily extending its 
 tributaries, so that it offers as fair a field for 
 business enterprise or employment as there is 
 in the land. 
 
 Tbi' suliurban lanils contiguous to the city are 
 owned by capitalists of the city and lanil compa- 
 nies mostly, holdingthem for development. Out- 
 side these, the farming country liegins. The 
 lands of the county of Henrico, although not, 
 I lerhaps, so prolific as those of Hanover, adjoin- 
 ing, are very good, particularly so in the bottoms 
 of the .lames. They are devoted to truck, dairy 
 ing, fruits and grain for the most part. There 
 are swamp lands along the Chickahominy, near 
 the city, which can be got very cheap, ami which 
 would pay handsomely for reclamation. 
 
 Good farming land near the city is worth $10 
 to $20 an acre, unimproved, and $20 to $40, 
 impro\ed, actording to situation and circum- 
 stances. There seems to be a great demand 
 at present for the old estates along .lames river 
 
62 
 
 TllK CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 lielow till' city. Many largt' invcstiiieiitsi havo 
 been made in thew lands, some liy Xortlicrn 
 capitalist.", and some for eolonizatioii. On the 
 south-side of the river, in C'hestertield and con- 
 tiguous countie.s, there are coal and timber 
 lauds, and in .\melia, not for distant, mica and 
 spur. Tlie.se district.* aLso are attraetinj; the 
 notice of non-residents desirous to invest. 
 
 TUK KK.M. RSTATE .VUKXTS. 
 
 Ix the followin": sketches, the principal real 
 estate asencies of the citv are mcntioni'd, and 
 
 veloi)nient for which the cit.y had long waited. 
 It has been an entirely .successful undertaking 
 also; its lands, despite the dullness i)rcvailing 
 for a long time throughout the country, having 
 enhanced vastly in value. 
 
 The present jiaid-up capital i^tock of this com- 
 pany is about .$:)00,000. The annual sale.s of 
 land have been something between §30,000 and 
 8-50,000. The lands held by the company, em- 
 l.irat-ing about 2.'j,000 feet frontage, in the west- 
 ern ])art of the city, directly in the path of the 
 growth of the fashionable residence district, are 
 
 
 
 RESIDENCES, NORTH-SIDE LAND COMPANY'S ADDITION. 
 
 details are given of the improvements in W'hieh 
 they have taken a part. There is description, 
 also, of some of the more prosperous building 
 and loan associations of the city, of which, as 
 we have said, in matter preceding this, there 
 are fourteen with stock subscriptions of ll.i,- 
 000,fH)l) and over, and a very numerous member- 
 ship for the size of the place. 
 
 The Wi-sr End L.vxd .\xd Improvk.mext Co.m- 
 r.^NV, a stock company of Richmond capitalists, 
 organized in 1889, was the firet to engage on a 
 scale of any magnitude in that suburban de- 
 
 scheduled as worth §475,000, or thereabouts. 
 The total assets of the company are 8.'520,000. 
 
 These lands are being graded, and streets are 
 being laid out through them, and considerable 
 of what has been sold is already improved with 
 residences of the tiner sort. They are adjacent 
 to the Soldiers' Home, and acce.ssible by two 
 electric car lines. They are also, in large part, 
 drained and sewered. Some of the houses on 
 this property were built by the company ; it is 
 not generally, however, its purpose to continue 
 this policy. The lots are taken mainly by pur- 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 m 
 
 chasers whu luive the means t(i iniprnv(- tliein 
 themselves. i 
 
 Tlie leailinsi spirits in this projeet are men "( 
 wealtli and enterprise liere. Major .Famrs II. 
 Dooi.KV, attorney, as its president: .hisKPii 
 Bry.\n-, prominent as both lawyer and property 
 owner (proprietor of the Kiohniond Tinn^, and 
 president also of the (ieorgia I'acitie Railroad), is 
 treasurer; and the following merchants ami 
 business men are directors along with tlienj : 
 E. D. Christian, tobaeeonist. and jiri'sident nf 
 the Riehmonil PapevC Vmipany : .1. .1. Muntaiiiic. 
 
 time a work of sulnirban improvenH'nt highly 
 rreditable to the enterprise of the city. The 
 I'apital stoi-k authorized by its eharter is $1,000,- 
 000, of which i?1.50,000 is paid up. The company 
 has expended on its own account, and in con- 
 junction with the Hionr.ANi) I'auk Comi-axy 
 I hereinafter described I. fully Sl'T-^, 000 in building 
 bouses, and upon an iron viaduct an electric 
 Lailroad, eleclric lights, streets, sewers and other 
 lietterments to the northern suburbs of the city. 
 Their property I'onsists in all, of about 17.5 acres, 
 the lariicr tract licinL' kmiwn as "Chestnut 
 
 RESIDENCES, NORTH-SIDE LAND COMPANY'S ADDITION. 
 
 manufacturer of sash and blinds ; M. Millhiser, 
 wholesale dry goods man ; John B. Purcell, 
 wholesale druggist, and ex-president of the 
 Chamber OP"- Commerce; and Thomas i\[. liuth- 
 erfoord, tol)acconist. 
 
 The secretary is Mr. Georcje .T. Ro(;ers, secre- 
 tary also of other enterprises of sinrilar charac- 
 ter here. The otfice of the company is at 1103 
 East j\Iain street. 
 
 The North-Side L.\xd Company, incorporated 
 under the State laws of Virginia, was organized 
 in June, 18S0, and has accomplished since that 
 
 Hill," situated clo.se to the northern Ijoiuidary 
 of the city. Upon this estate upwards of thirty- 
 five detached residences have been built, rang- 
 ing in price from §1,.500 to $7,000. ami a hand- 
 some Presbyterian church. 
 
 It is also, as we have said, interested in the 
 Highland Park property, a company developing 
 a lai-ge tract just north of Chestnut Hill, that 
 has built during the past summer upwards of 
 1.^ houses and a fine INIethodist church. The via- 
 duct built by the two companies, to make their 
 property accessible, extends over Bacon' s Quai-ter 
 
()4 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 Bniiu'h and tlio Hichiii(in<l LocdiiKitive anil Ma- 
 chine Works, at thu northern end of Fifth street. 
 1 1 is 1 ,200 feet long, 40 feet wide, and 75 feet high, 
 
 JACKSON BRANDT, Real Estate Agent. 
 
 con.striictcil (if iron, l)}- the Edgemoor Bridge 
 Works of Wilmington, Del., at a eost of about 
 $,H."),000. The electric railroad is operated l;)y the 
 Iviclnnond and Manchester Railway Company, 
 whose cars run through the two properties. 
 
 This com|)any has for its principals Messrs. 
 .1. M. Fouit(iui!i':-\N', N. V. Randolph, and other 
 well known citiz(>ns. Mr. Fourqurean is its pres- 
 ident ; he is also the senior member of the lai'ge 
 dry goods house of Fourqurean, Price & Co. 
 Mr. Randolph is a manufacturer interested in a 
 number of imi)ortant lousiness enterprises here. 
 The secretary and treasurer is Mr. W. H. Duxx, 
 of the firm of Stokes & Dunn, Broad street. 
 The directors are John S. Ellett, A. F. IMosljy, 
 V. A. Snblett, W. M. Cary. .T. Terajjle and E. 
 D. Price of Hichniond, and R. W. Burke, of 
 Stiiunton, Va. 
 
 J.vcKsox Brandt & Co., real estate and insur- 
 ance; brokei-s of 1103 Main street, IMerdiants 
 National Bank building, do an extraordinarily 
 large business, that is to say, iSfr. Brandt does, the 
 "Co." of this firm being nominal only. .\n inte- 
 rior view of his office is on page (i-'y. 
 
 Mr. Brandt has been established in this line 
 for three yeai-s. He is a native of the city, 
 formerly with Thomas Branch & Co., private 
 
 bankers, and afterwards with other capitalists 
 here in a confidential capacity. He has been 
 largely engaged in that, recent development of 
 suliurban Richmond which has started the city 
 on a new career of prosperity, and has distin- 
 guislu'd himself by the part he has taken there- 
 in. He laid out the "Leonard Heights" addi- 
 tion to the ^^'est End two years ago, and has 
 made a great success of it. He is now operating 
 in the same vicinity with other additions just as 
 desirable. The property out there is higli and 
 dry ; it overlooks the whole west end of the city 
 and the suburbs adjacent, has wide streets and 
 avenues laid out through groves of original oak, 
 and is in direct line of the westward march of 
 the city. 
 
 ^Ir. Brandt is engaged also in the building of 
 Immes on the installment plan, and the Icianing 
 nf iiKiuey on mortgage. He handles city [irop- 
 rrty of all kinds, and, incidentally, some farming 
 lands. He acts as general real estate agent, with 
 si)ecial attention to the investments of non-resi- 
 dents. He has correspondents in AVashington, 
 I'laltimore, Philadelphia, London and Liverpool, 
 and he has been the means of securing much of 
 tlie ]>lentifid capital in these cities for utilization 
 here. He is a man of great vim and energv, and 
 
 JAMES H CRENSHAW Real Estate Agent. 
 
 is an extensive advertiser, and he keeps fully 
 alircast of the times. He is a member of the 
 Chamber of Commerce, trustee of the Ger- 
 
THE CiTY UX THE JAMES. 
 
 B5 
 
 nian-American Banking ami Building Cumiiany, 
 director of the Virginia ^Mercantile and Safe 
 Keposit Companj', and of the Mercliants and 
 rianters Savings Bank also. 
 
 J.VMEs H. Crensh.\w, real estate broker and 
 auctioneer, has been in that line here since 
 1S88. He has made a specialty of, and has been 
 doing a very good business in A\'est End prop- 
 erty. He has listed with him, however, all 
 <-lasses of city and suburban lands. He stands 
 high in the business, and is considered a veiy 
 trustworthy and enterprising num. His oltice 
 is at 11 North Eleventh street. 
 
 andliy medium of his own linil Kstati- I\cii< u; in 
 the good work of advertising the growth of Kich- 
 mond, and the progress made of late in develop- 
 ment of the rare resources of the Old Dominion. 
 
 This Real Extnte Ili'rinr of his contains a list 
 of property in city and country entrusted him 
 to sell. Among those properties listed in it are 
 tracts highly desirable for business and agricul- 
 tural purposes, and ju.st such as many in the 
 North and AVest are seeking. 
 
 Air. Staples has his place of Imsiness at 108 
 X(irtli Ninth street. Ford's Law I'.uililing, wliich 
 is just across from the Capitol gronmls. His 
 
 OFFICE OF JACKSON BRANDT & CO REAL ESTATE AGENTS 
 
 Henry L. Staples & Co., real estate agents, 
 is a firm name significant, to those acquainted 
 m Riclunond, of an agency of responsibility and 
 standing. IMr. Staples, the head of this agi-ncy, 
 is an old resident and l)nsiness man, and has 
 licen one of the most enterprising men in his 
 lin<'. He organized the Homestead Land Com- 
 pany of Richmond in 1889, and conducted the 
 \cntnre to a successful conclusion. He was 
 ulsci principal promoter of the Buffalo Forge 
 Syndicate, whose lands are rich in mineral, and 
 are adjacent to Buena Vista, Rockbridge county. 
 He has been indefatigable, by correspondence 
 
 iiliice is within a stone's throw of those attrac- 
 tions, historical and monumental, which make 
 the city a station for tourists and a resting place 
 for the pilgrims traversing the hallowed soil of 
 the Old Dominion. He takes pleasure in show- 
 ing these attractions as well as the projierty he 
 has for sale in the city and suburbs, and hospi- 
 tably tenders his office to those visiting the city 
 for either jjleasnre or investment, or lioth com- 
 bined, as is often now the case. 
 
 J. B. Ei,.\>i ct Co., general real estate agents 
 and brokers, of IIL" P>ast ]Main street, carry on 
 the real estate business in all its branches, city 
 
66 
 
 TIIK (MT^' ( )X Till-: .lAMES. 
 
 ;iiul (•(luiitry, suburban, ri'utal uiid :ill ; ami do. 
 liet-iik'S, ii siK-'cial Vmsiness as ininify and nolo 
 bii)kfi-s, loan at;e'nts and hankoi"?. They ai'e a 
 leadin;.'i'stalilishnu'iit of that line. They collect 
 ront.-i tor owners of property from somethinir like 
 1,000 Hiehniond tenants. 
 
 Thev are experienceil men in the business 
 they follow. Mr. Elani was conneeted, as gen- 
 eral manager, with the firm of Richardson & 
 Co., established in 18(j6; succeeded that firm 
 in 1881 ; and in 1883 the firm of A\'. II. l.yne t*c 
 Co was formed, with Mr. Elam as the "t'o." 
 
 leading dealers in their line, they have l)een 
 entrusted with an extensive list of desirable 
 city, suburban and farming lands which they 
 have peculiar facilities for showing and selling. 
 This jiroperty listed with them embraces down- 
 town Imsiness houses, improved and earning 
 gooil income, manufacturing sites in the sulnirbs 
 and in the business center, and residence prop- 
 erty everywhere. They also have large siuns 
 of money at all times, which tliey can leml at 
 very low rates on Richmond city real estate. 
 This firm lias been established about three 
 
 OFFICE OF DEIMOON. TUPPER & CO , REAL ESTATE AGENTS. 
 
 Mr. O. IIkkhrrt Finstex, his partner at jire- 
 sent, was associated with the latter agency for 
 sevei'al years. Mr. Elam has been a director of the 
 CuAMMKii or CoMMKiuK, and is vice-president and 
 a director ( pf the (iernian American Banking and 
 Huilding Company of this city. Mr. Funsten is, 
 likewise, vice-president and a director of the Co- 
 ojierative Investment Company here. 
 
 Dexoos, TiT'i'ER & Co., real estate agents, 
 auctioneere and lu-okers, at Xo. 821 Main street, 
 have on their books about 800 pieces of jiropertv 
 upon which they collect rentals for owners. .\s 
 
 years, but all three of its members had, how- 
 ever, nmch experience in the business prior to 
 their partnership. Mr. Ch.\ri,es L. Dexoox 
 was of the firm of Poindexter & Denoon. I\lr. 
 T. Tii'i'EH, Jr., was with his brother, Furman 
 Tupper, and ilr. H. L. Dexoox was also identi- 
 fied with it formerly, by his connection with 
 the Richmond Perpetual Building, Loan and 
 Trust Company of this city. He is now a direc- 
 tor of the United Banking and Building Com- 
 pany, one of the most prosperous financial insti- 
 l\itions I'f the citv. 
 
THE CITY OX THE JAMES. 
 
 67 
 
 P. P. Winston" & Sox, real estate agents of 
 1117 East ilaiii street, are larirely interested in 
 the realty line on their nwn aeeonnt, Imf have 
 
 prominent as a real estate agent here for the last 
 three or four years, and Mr. Willum Wisg- 
 KiEi.D, junior nienilier, was, nntil lately, in the 
 tobacco trade. 
 
 ]Mr. Cobb caiiH- here from Wilmington, X. C'., 
 a few years ago, and at once embarked in busi- 
 ness as a real estate agent. ^Ir. Wnigtield is 
 from Ashland. \'a. Their partnership dates 
 from .lune 1, LSiiL'. 
 
 They have a choice list of suburban home 
 sites, as well as acreage, on their books, and 
 numerous tine farms and otlier country lands 
 in this State and Xorth Carolina ; but they de- 
 vote their attention esijecially to transactions in 
 city property. Loans and rent collections are 
 also a specialty «ith them. They are popular, 
 enter[iriiing, and thorough busine.«s men. Mr. 
 Cobli's portrait is on this page. 
 
 Tiio.\[As KiTHERFOORD, engaged in the real 
 estate business at Xo. 7 North Tenth street, 
 makes a specialty of nnca ]iroperties, in which 
 class of investments he has become largely in- 
 terested personally, as a result of his experience 
 in prospecting for that nuneral in Amelia and 
 adjacent counties of this State. 
 
 Another sjiecialty with him is the Imildiiigof 
 
 P P WINSTON, Real Estale Agent. 
 
 an extensive patronage as agents, as well. The 
 family is of old ^'irginia stock, and the senior 
 member of the tirm was sheriff of Richmond 
 before the war, and served in that capacity, or 
 as deputy, for thirty-six years, a record which 
 establishes the high opinion entertained of him 
 as a faithful and efficient public officer. I'uring 
 the war he fought in the Confederate service, 
 under General Lee, and was wounded at the 
 battle of Sharpsburg. 
 
 Lewis P. "Wixstox, son of the senior member 
 of the firm, was, like his father, subjected to 
 the crucial test of public opinion, and retired 
 from public office in July, 1890, to engage m 
 the real estate business. He was sheriff of the 
 city and deputy sherift"for twenty-two years. 
 
 The firm does not confine its operations strictly 
 to realty, but, in accordance with the well- 
 earned prestige its members have acquired, and 
 the success attending honorable and well sjient 
 lives, also gives attention to loans and banking. 
 
 CoiiB & WiN(U''iEi.D, real estate agents and 
 auctioneers, of 901 East Main street, is, although 
 a recently established firm, one of tlie most 
 prosjierous of its line. Its piincipals are not 
 without experience of the business. Mr. C. D. 
 M. Cobb, senior member of the firm, has been 
 
 C D. M. COBB 
 Of Cobb & W'ngfield Real Estate Agents 
 
 suburban homes, fur jiartiesin moderate circum- 
 stances, at long time rates. He does also a city 
 rental business and handles farming lands. 
 
OS 
 
 Jamrs 11. r.AinoN, ival 
 estate <le;iler of Barton 
 Heif;hts, and 819 Ea>^t 
 Main street, is notable as 
 the promoter of the projeet 
 known as Bahton Heiohts, 
 an addition already iirctty 
 well settled npon, whieli is 
 sitnated about one and-a- 
 half miles north of the 
 heart of tlie city, a distance 
 which will soon be cov- 
 ered l)y a car line direct. 
 An iron viaduct is now 
 completed which crosses 
 over Bacon's Quarter 
 Branch and connects these 
 Heifrlits with First street, 
 anil thus renders it readily 
 accessible. 
 
 More than 100 houses 
 have already been built 
 on this tract. These are 
 occupied by an excellent 
 class of residents. It has its 
 churches, schools, electric 
 lights, spring water, stores, 
 and all other conveniences 
 of the metropolitan district 
 of Richmond, and is an 
 important and flourishing 
 .settlement. 
 
 Mr. Barton, with whom 
 this project originated, is 
 considered here a vci'y live 
 man. He is from Little 
 Rock, Ark., but has been 
 resident and doing business 
 here about thr(!e years. 
 With liim originated here 
 largely the modern plan of 
 suburban extension by im- 
 provements like this. 
 
 He has made elsewhere 
 an extraordinary record in 
 this jiarticular. He built 
 ■100 houses in Little Rock, 
 Ark., while there estab- 
 lished, and 100 in Jlem- 
 phis, Penn., while he was 
 operating in the same man- 
 ner there. He has won 
 distinction in his business 
 here and has added materi- 
 ally to the wealth and pros- 
 perity of the city by this 
 woi'k at Barton Heights. 
 
 TIIF. CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 69 
 
 He is, in short, indefatigable, yet a genial and 
 affable gentleman, and he ha? acquired hosts of 
 friends here. He is certainly on the hiirli mad to 
 
 F. H. PLUEMACHER, Real Estate Agent 
 
 ness, on his own account, till 1892 ; in-ior to that 
 time he was connected with H. L. Staples. His 
 progress on his own account, has been rapid and 
 his success exti'aordinary ; he is now the secre- 
 taiy and leading spirit of the Lisbon Land Com- 
 pany, -which owns a tract of elegant property 
 just west of the Soldiers Home, on the western 
 outskirts of the city ; and his list embraces, in 
 addition to improved and unimproved property 
 within the city limits, a large number of farms 
 in diflerent sections of the State. He is an ex- 
 liert business man, whose talents are generally 
 recognized, and whose push and energy entitle 
 him to, and secure him, be it said, special con- 
 sideration on the part of the connnunity, for 
 whose benefit they ai'e employed. 
 
 John C. Eobektson, dealer in Southern min- 
 eral and timber lands, at 18 Times Building, is 
 a native of Amelia county, this State, and for 
 some years after the war was a lawyer of ^lan- 
 chester, across the river from the city. In 1871, 
 he moved to Baltimore and established himself 
 there in the land and mining liusiness. He re- 
 mained there, in business, until 1882, and dur- 
 ing his stay in the Monumental City negotiated 
 and consuinmated some very large deals. In 
 1880 he came to Richmond, attracted by its 
 rapid growth, and intcri-stiMl himself in !Man- 
 chester again. 
 
 splendid fortune, as the success of Barton Heights 
 is already beyond the problematic stage. 
 
 The Beookland Railway and Ijipruvk-ment 
 Company has an office at 819 Main street. It 
 was organized under charter of the State Legis- 
 lature in 1891, for the improvement of Barton 
 Heiguts and Brookland Park. ,Iamks II. Bar- 
 ton is the president of the company. E. H. Gay, 
 vice-president, and AV. E. Miller, seorelaryand 
 treasurer. One of the improvements inaugu- 
 rated by this company is the construction of a 
 |:>5,000 viaduct for the free use of all owners of 
 property in the Heights or the Park. This is 
 a fair illustration of the generous sjjirit and 
 broad, liberal methods by which the manage- 
 ment has been actuated. The oftici'rs of the 
 company are all well and favorably known here. 
 The president, IMr. Barton, is the founder and 
 principal owner of Barton Hkiohts. and the 
 vice-president is a partner in the prominent 
 firm of Gay & Lorraine C'o., coal dealers. 
 
 F. H. Plvem.\cher, real estate agent, of li 
 North Ninth street, makes a specialty of the 
 business of renting property and colle<'ting the 
 rents therefrom. His experience therein covers 
 five veal's, although he did not engage in busi- 
 
 JOHN C ROBERTSON, Real Estate and Lands. 
 
 He was general manager of the S(^ith-Slde 
 Land Company, which was the means of pro- 
 
70 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 iiioting that city's growth h\rgely, and this busi- 
 iK'SS occupied iiim about two years ; since that 
 he lias given his attention to tlie sale of lai^ge 
 properties in the South, and to the promotion 
 i]f iiniiortant business enterprises. 
 
 Mis resilience, "Brookside," Chesterfield 
 i-ounty, fronting Forest Hill Park, in the West 
 Knd of ^hinchester, is shown in an engraving 
 on another page, and his portrait is an illustra- 
 tion of this text. 
 
 CAiiEi.i. iV: Wilson, real estate and loans agents, 
 of 5 North Tenth street, do a general real e.=tate 
 business. They handle largely all kind of proji- 
 erty in city, suburljs and country, and are 
 largely interested in some line suburban addi- 
 
 among the early settlers of the Old Dominion. 
 He came to Richmond from Prince Edward 
 county, but has lived in the city many years, 
 where, like his partner, he was engaged for 
 .some time in the tobacco business. Pxith aiv 
 men of enterprise and ability, by the applica- 
 tion of which they have succeeded in building 
 up a good business. They are well informed on 
 I'cal estate values, and have some choice .selec- 
 tions of property to offer investors. 
 
 E. A. Catlin, general real estate and insurance 
 agent, of 5 and 7 Eleventh street, is the i^resident 
 of the Security Savings Bank, located at 1107 
 E. Jlain street (elsewhere noticed herein), and 
 is cashier of the Home Building Company, a 
 
 ^EST.E^ID RESIDENCE OF PETER H. MAYO, MANUFACTURER OF TOBACCO 
 
 tious to the city, whirli they are iiiiiiroving 
 and developing. 
 
 Jlr. H. Eaxdo.n Cabei.i., of this firm, is the 
 son of a physician, formerly prominent here, 
 and grandson of a foruier goveruor of the State, 
 and is of oM Virginia stock. He has always 
 lived in Kichmond, and was, liefore this part- 
 uership of his. engaged in the tobacco business. 
 He is cashier of the Peoples' Building and Loan 
 Association, a jirosperons local organization. 
 
 His )iartner, Mr. J. ,T. "Wilson, is also a native 
 of Virginia, iind of a family nuniliered likewise 
 
 very suci'essful institution of tlie city, wliose 
 name is signficant of its purpose. He is the 
 treasurer of tlie Mozart Association, the great 
 musical organization of the city, and is promi- 
 nent for liis participation in movements looking 
 to the a<lvanceinent of the city, more especially 
 that of the "Old Market ^Mission," wliich has 
 accoiiiiilished wonders in the way of betterment 
 and reform in a section of the city formerly 
 given over to poverty and lawlessness, if not 
 also to crime. 
 
 .\s a real estate man I\[r. Catlin buvs and 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 •i 
 
 sells iiroperty at both pulilio and private nale, 
 collects rents for owners, negotiates loans, draws 
 ileeds, effects insurance, an<l liuiUs and sells 
 homes on monthly payments ; performs all the 
 functions, in short, of a real estate agent. At 
 present he is making a specialty of the sale of 
 lots at "Glen Echo Park," situated a mile and 
 a half from the city, northeast on the Seven 
 Pines suburban dummy road, which line is soon 
 to be converted into an electric railway of the 
 modern sort. 
 
 Frank D. Hill & Co., real e.state and loan 
 agents, of 6 Xorth Eleventh street, have been 
 estalilished in that line here for more than 20 
 vears, and have a solid reputation acquired dur- 
 
 ujion commission, negotiates loans, and trades, 
 collects rents, etc. His list of bargains em- 
 braces Ixith inside and suburlian property, large- 
 ly the latter, and country lands. He has choice 
 sites to oflfer for manufacturing and business 
 concerns at reasonable rates. 
 
 H.vRRisox & Powers, real estate, insurance 
 and loan agents, of 819 East Main sti-eet, have 
 been nearly three years in business, and have 
 illustrated their capacity foraffairs by securing a 
 patronage in that short while, larger than many 
 of the older concerns of their line here. As real 
 estate agents of no uncertain standing, they have 
 lieen entrusted with rental as well as sale prop- 
 erties, and have a large and choice list of bar- 
 
 CITY RESIDENCE OF MAJOR LEWIS GINTER 
 Of the Allen Sc Gmtet Branch Annerican Tobacco Company 
 
 ingthat time. Mr. Hill, princijial in this agency, 
 is a responsible and capalile man. a ]irciperty 
 owner himself, thoroughly accjuaintcd with the 
 people of this part of the country, and with 
 titles, prices and other matters pertaining to his 
 line. He is a notary public, cjualified to draw 
 up papers, and is a member of the Cha.mber 
 OP Commerce. He is also notable as a vetci'an 
 of both the Richmond Howitzers and Fitz Lee's 
 cavalry. 
 
 He pursues the real e.>:^tate Imsiness in all its 
 liranehes, buys and sells prp;i>rty of all kinds 
 
 gains to offer investors. They do considerable 
 trading also on their own account, as well as 
 on coimnission, and they handle city, suliurban 
 and country lands, chiefly, however, suburlian, 
 which class has been growing in demand for the 
 past year or two. They are interested also 
 largely in building and loan concerns. 
 
 As insurance agents they represent the follow- 
 ing sul)stantial companies: the Xorth British 
 and Mercantile, of London and Edinburgh, one 
 of the solid companies of the world ; the Conti- 
 nental, of New York, wliich has S.-),f)00,000 as- 
 
i)i 
 
 Till': CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 sets ami nwirly *.'),000,000 rescrvo ; and tlie 
 United States ]Mutual Accident Iiisnrance (Com- 
 pany, of New York, one of the soundest of 
 American Accident companies. 
 
 Messiv. llarrisiin and Powei's are ImiiIi \ir- 
 ■_'inians by birth, and al.so by descent, and l)(>th 
 liad experience of the busines.* they foll(jw lie- 
 fore they enJiarked in it on tlieir own account ; 
 Mr. Harrison witli ManningC. Stajiles, a leading 
 real estate agent here, and Mr. Powers, in- 
 cidentally, for several years while with one of 
 the leading wholesale mercantile estal)lislinients 
 of the city. 
 
 Surrox & Co., real estate agents and auction- 
 eel's, of 1014 I'"ast ^lain street, are among the iild- 
 
 ter devotes himself entirely to ofhce work, while 
 I'". T. gives his attention to the outside Ijusines.s' 
 of the firm, such as auction sales, inspection of 
 property, etc. Their rental- list is very large, 
 and they handle a vast amount of lioth <'ity and 
 subui'ban projierty. 
 
 Both iiartners, although still in their youth 
 then, fought for the "Lost Cause." They en- 
 listed together in Stuart's Horse Artillery, and 
 they served witli an ardor that never flagged, 
 until the Aiijiomatox surrender. They are 
 members of the Ch.vmber op Commerce, aiid 
 thorough business men. experienced, com- 
 lietent and trustworthy in any transaction (jr 
 
 ScIh'MIC. 
 
 - - - - £NCE OF JOSEPH CRVA:. 
 
 Hermitage Road, near Richmond, 
 
 est, most prominiMit and most favorablv known 
 operators in the city. They have liecn estali- 
 lished since ISTil. Jlr, V. T. Slitox's exjieri- 
 ence in this line, indeed, antedates the estaliHsh- 
 nient of his lirm, for he was previously con- 
 necteil with the ollice of thelate Robert 15, Lyne. 
 so that his information concerning property and 
 values is at once extensive and practical. 
 
 He is director in the Old Dominion Building 
 and Loan As.«ociation, and is, like his jiartuer, Mr. 
 C. n. Sn-rox, a native of liichuK.ud, Tlie lat- 
 
 .Toiix T, (loDiiiN. real estate agent and auc- 
 tioneer, corner of Bank and Eleventh streets, is 
 a native of Richmond and a descendant of one 
 of the oldest Virginia families. His father, 
 Wellington (ioddin, established the business 
 nou managed by tlie son half a century ago. 
 •loliii T. was associated with him from 18G9, and 
 upon hisdeath in lSS(i, continued the business in 
 own name. 
 
 .\s a i-csult of bis wide aci|uaintance and the 
 esteem in uliirh bo is licld. a large list of desira- 
 
THE CITY UN THE JAMES. 
 
 73 
 
 blc- pmiic-rties is to l)f found on his boolct^ al- 
 ways ; and tliL' i-are an<l caution with wliifli he 
 is known to attend to the interests of Ins patrons, 
 liave, in conneetion witli his long experienre. 
 enabled liini to build up a very large and hu-ra- 
 tive business. lie sells property publieh' and 
 privately, negotiates loans and gives special at- 
 tention to rentals. 
 
 Stkve.vs it Co., real estate agents, of !i Xorth 
 Eleventh street, make a specialty of rent collec- 
 tions. In the realty line proper, they l)estow a 
 large measure of their attention upon improved 
 and unimproved city pi'operty, but do not en- 
 tirely neglect the business also in farming lands. 
 They are also conveyancers, and prepare deeds 
 of all kinds, and being notaries, take the ac- 
 knowledgements of the parties (■oncerned in 
 transactions through their agency : conveniences 
 and facilities wliicli secure tliem a large pat- 
 ronage of themselves. 
 
 This firm was established in 1890. Its mem- 
 bers are A. J. Stevens and C. B. Fitzwilso.v. 
 The former was, at one tiine, travelling sales- 
 man for Gresham, Brown & Co., wholesale 
 woodenware dealers, and thus became well and 
 ftivorably known hereabouts. He was also, prior 
 to this, a member of the firm of Stevens Bro- 
 thers, grocers and wood and coal dealers for nine 
 years, so that he had a jirevious business experi- 
 ence of eighteen years Ijefore joining the ranks of 
 the real estate men. ^Mr. Fitzwilsou is from New 
 York, and has been in the city two years. 
 
 In addition to their real estate business, this 
 firm also has the agency for the Clevel.^xd 
 FexceCo-Vp.vxy, of Indianapolis, and theSrvRox 
 Fexce Comp.\xv. of Norfolk. Ya. These agen- 
 
 TjrE CUES.M'E.VKE AND OlIIO L.VXn AND Im- 
 
 CKOVEMENT CoMi'AXV was Organized in ISiXt to 
 secure, improve, and dispose of a tract of villa 
 
 STEVENS & CO., REAL ESTATE AGENTS, 
 Agents also for the Cleveland Iron Fence Compan 
 
 cies have oidy lieen aci|iurcd recently, but the 
 firm is making special eflbrts to establish a 
 trade, and has already secured a good busmess. 
 
 M, E. BRADLEY, 
 Secietary National BuilcJing and Investment Association. 
 
 sites, suitalde for country houLcs, situated seven 
 miles out of the city, to the nortii, at Atlee, on 
 the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, by otficers 
 of that company ; hence tlic name. It has 
 S2."),000 capital, and has accjuired a tract of 900 
 aci-es, which it is holding as an inve.stment. 
 
 Detatur Axtell, president 
 of this Land Company, is 
 vice-in-esident of the Chesa- 
 (leakeaud Ohio road ; C. E. 
 Wellford, secretary, is sec- 
 retary of that road ; and T. 
 O. Barbour, the land com- 
 pany's ti'easurcr, is treas- 
 urer al.'ioof the Chesapeake 
 and (tlii... 
 
 .\llusiou lui> lieen made 
 alreaily lieivin ti< the other 
 work.^ of improvement 
 ind dcvi'lopmcnt under- 
 taken here l)y this railroad 
 company; to its canal and 
 water rights, its projected 
 \u-\\ depot and olhce buildin.g, etc.; and in later 
 chapters (that on transportation especially) other 
 of its interests are treated at length. 
 
74 
 
 TTK CITY OX TIIK JAMES. 
 
 lioswEi.i. it Hakmax, real estate and luaii 
 agents, S North Tenth street, occuin' a position 
 of itroniinenee in Kielnnond real estate and 
 business circles. Mr. J. I. Boswbi.i,, Jr., of the 
 tirni, is of Mecklenburg county, and was edu- 
 cated as a druggist. He was associated in that 
 line for several years with the well known fii-ni 
 of I'oi.K Mii.i.KK i.t Co., but finally abandoned it 
 for the more attractive and congenial Held of 
 real estate. He is at present a director and 
 trustee of the Richmond Building an<l Boan 
 Association. 
 
 Jlr. A. C. Harman hails originally Cnim 
 Staunton, but has lived in KiclniHnid lor nine 
 
 MAXIIIESTKK IN A \Vol;l). 
 
 .\ i.i:ssi;r liichniond there is on the banks of 
 the .lames ris a lin of the greater, the city of 
 Manciiestkr, Chesterfield county, of 12,000 po]!- 
 ulation, thrifty and growing Industrie.?, commer- 
 cial and manufacturing, lively real estate market, 
 and building business, and promising futui-c. 
 .\nil although to the outside world there is 
 only one city here, the trade center Richmond 
 embracing the two, it would hardly be fair to 
 pass over the smaller in silence, or even to give 
 1o the larger the credit entire for what is in fact 
 the progress of both. 
 
 OFFICES OF BOSWELL & HARMAN, REAL ESTATE AGENTS 
 
 )-eai-s. Prior to his partnership with Mr. Bos- 
 well lieoccujiied a position in the railroad ticket 
 office of A. W. ( Jarber, and there formed an ex- 
 tensive and serviceable acquaintance. 
 
 A half-tone ])hoto engraving accipiiiiiunying 
 their matter, on this page, reproduces faithfully 
 the ajjpearance of the interior of their otHces. 
 They have (|uarters in the business center, and 
 all the conveniences necessary for the transac- 
 tion of the extensive busine.'^s their l•Mtl•rlll■i^(• 
 has upbuilt. 
 
 -M;iiii-lirstri- if. on I lie South side of the .lames. 
 Its sent is as hilly as liiclimond's, but with a 
 gentler slope to the stream, along which, for 
 al)out :;,IK)() feet in front rif it, the water power 
 is utilized by a number of large fiictories. It is 
 an old settlement, but as a l)ody corporate less 
 than L'O years of age. I'ntil lately it presented 
 the straggling aiijiearance of any country town, 
 with one main street (Hull street), into which 
 the i-onntry loads convergeil, and with no par- 
 tii-ular topo.jr:i].|iic plan. 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 75 
 
 The awakening oanie to it, as witli Kicliniond, 
 when rapid transit was iiroviiled, and invest- 
 ments began to be made in its outside lands l)y 
 improvement syndicates and otliers. Tliat was 
 I inly two or three years ago, and the Manehes- 
 ter of to-daj' is, by conti'ast with the Manches- 
 ter before that, a Manchester metamorphosed, 
 transmogrified and transformed. The old rural 
 apjiearanee of things is gone. Hull street is 
 surprisingly smai'tened. New buildings have 
 been run up on every hand ; stores, factories, 
 co.sy, and, some of them, costly homes, churches, 
 halls ; and, among other land-marks, the tall 
 stacks of an electric-lighting station and a water 
 towel' ; all which manifest the change that has 
 come over the spirit of the place, for Manchester 
 is regarded now, and rightly, one of the most 
 enterprising municipalities of the State. 
 
 Counting those of its suburbs lying outside 
 of the city lines it has had a growth in i)opula- 
 tion, in the last twelve years, of 1 30 per cent. Its 
 tax valuations are 12,250,000, ami if the non- 
 taxable church property and manufacturing 
 concerns, which are exempted, were included, 
 that total would be $5,000,000 at least. Its tax 
 rate is $1.40 on the hundred, 20 cents of w'hich 
 goes for schools. Its debt is $290,000. It costs 
 about 140,000 a year (schools included) to run it. 
 Al)Out $7,000 of this is, usually, spent on the 
 "streets. 
 
 During the last three years $50(),il(«l wmth of 
 real estate in the city and its outskirts changed 
 hands. In 1890 alone $265,000 worth was trans- 
 ferred. During these same years, 497 houses were 
 built at an expense of $399,115, and $250,000 
 mine was put into Street railways. The au- 
 thorities, in touch with this progress, have ex- 
 pemled $125,000 in the improvement of road- 
 ways, walks, etc., in grading and other puljlic 
 wnrk during the last two years, and $75,000 is 
 aiiproi)riated for a Waring sewer system of nine 
 miles length, which has been all mapped out. 
 
 The two public schools of the city are new. 
 They cost $40,000. The enrollment in the one 
 lor whites is (120 ; in the colored school 470, a 
 total of 1,090. The water works of the city are 
 also m'w. They are owned by a private corpo- 
 ration, but the city has an option on them. 
 They cost $130,000, and are of capacity for a 
 city twice Manchester's size. There are two 
 street railway companies, operating three lines, 
 all of them electric, over about fl\e miles of 
 streets, with double track. Forest Hi;,i, P.\rk, 
 tlie pleasure ground of the city, is owned liy one 
 of these, but is permanently de<licated to public 
 use. A new race track has .just been laid out 
 
 also on t lie Manchester side, or rather an old one, 
 the "Rroadrock," restored. The city supports 
 two local building and loan associations, and 
 afibrds considerable business to others outside. 
 It has one bank, the Jlechanics and >Ierchants, 
 of $45,000 capital, and $170,000 total resources. 
 
 Its trade is derived chiefly from the quan-yirg, 
 mining and farming country at its back. This 
 trade is large. It supports, along with the local 
 patronage, no less than 113 business concerns. 
 The city originally owneil the water power and 
 canal on its side of the river, but while in finan- 
 cial straits some years ago, sold its interest 
 therein to the Richmond & Alleghany railroad, 
 now the James River Division of the Chesapeake 
 & Ohio. It is doubtful, however, if it has suffered 
 ail}' serious loss by this course. There are, utiliz- 
 ing this power, a large iron works, a flour and a 
 grist mill, two cotton mills, and the Richmrmd 
 and Petersburg, and Richmond and Danville 
 railroad shops. The fiictories of Manchester 
 furnish employment to 1,854 hands. The largest 
 works are the Danville Railroad shops, employ- 
 ing 650 ; the Manchester Tobacco Company, 175 ; 
 the Old Dominion Cotton Mill, 170 ; the Mar- 
 shall Cotton Mill, 142 ; the Petersburg Railroad . 
 shops, 106 ; and the Standard Spike Company, 
 104 ; and it has a large fertilizer works, a furni- 
 ture factory, a tannery, a canning works, a twine 
 mill, and five large brick-yards besides. 
 
 The additions to Manchester b}' suburban im- 
 provement have been made cliiefly on the 
 West, but somewhat also to the South. The AVest- 
 ern extension adds about one and a half miles 
 to the town ; the Southern perhaps a half mile. 
 At least forty fine residences have been built in 
 the ilarks Addition of the Richmond and Man- 
 chester Land Company in the last two j^eai's, 
 and fully twenty near Forest Hill Park. Of 
 Ijuildings put uj) in the last few years, the finest 
 are, perhaps, the Leader Building, the Bank 
 Block, Toney's Hall, Lipscomb's Block, and the 
 Alasonic Temple ; of residences, those of W. L. 
 :Moody and John E. Utz. Many of the lately 
 built residences are of brick and finished in 
 modern style. 
 
 Chesterfield county has no great distinction 
 as an agricultural district. The farming, near 
 Manehftster, is mostly tnicking. The wealth of 
 the county is in her granite beds lying along 
 James river, her coal beds, ten or twelve miles 
 from Manchester, now being extensively worked 
 by Northern and English capital, and her piiu- 
 timber. The investments that have been made 
 of late in these all naturally contribute to the 
 upbuilding and imiiortanc-e of Alanchester. 
 
76 
 
 TIIK (MTY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 MAMIIlvSTKH A(U;M'II:s. 
 
 A. J. r.uADi.KV iV: Co., real I'Stato and insur- 
 ance aiicnt.-, of HHM Hull street, M.vxtinxi'KH 
 (.\. .T. Bradley, sole piiucipal), handle Manelies- 
 
 A J. BRADLEY, of Manchestei. 
 
 tor suburlian iirojxTty entireh-. !\lr. I'.i-adlcy 
 is aleadinsr dealer- in land over the river, and is 
 doing a thriving business. Me is .seciet;ny and 
 treasurer of the I'-orest Hill Park 
 Laud ronipauy, apent for the 
 South-Side Land and Improvement 
 Company, and a director in thr 
 Kichniond and .Manchester Land 
 Company. lie has licen in the 
 business for the last four years 
 there, and has made a succt'ss of 
 it ; is U'sponsihle, enteri)rising, and 
 popular in the eomuuinity of ^lan- 
 cliester and Chesterfield county, of 
 whieh he is a leadini;- s|>irit. 
 
 .\. I>, .'Vmamso.v. real estate a<;ent. 
 of 111 1 Hull street, JLvxckestki!, is 
 a leadinj; dealer of his line on that 
 side of the river, and a man ol 
 wealth and inlhience, largely in- 
 trested in imi>ortant Jlanehester 
 projects. He is president of the 
 ^[eclianics anil Merchants Bank of 
 ^lanchester, vice-president of the 
 Kichniond and Manchester Land 
 Company, secretary and treasurer of the West 
 Manchester Land Company, and secretary of 
 the Mason Bark Land Company licsides. 
 
 He also i-epresents several insurance companies 
 in Manchester and Chestertield i-ounty, among 
 others, the Liverpool and London and Globe, 
 the Continental Insurance Company of New 
 York, and tin- N'irginia State and Virginia 
 Fire and Marine Insurance Companies of 
 Richmond. 
 
 AvoisTiNK RovAM, & Co., of 1!» Tenth street 
 (the "Leader Building"), M.wCHESTEii, are very 
 large deiders in both city and country projierty, 
 and are the representatives of the Union Bank- 
 ing and Building Company, across the river. 
 They are also engaged in business as under- 
 writers, representing the Phoeni.^ Insurance 
 Comijany of London, Home Insurance Com- 
 jiany of New York, Hamburg and Bremen 
 Insurance Company of Germany, and the Fi- 
 delity and Casualty Insurance Comjiany of New 
 York. 
 
 .As real estate agents they negotiate loans also, 
 and as notaries public, prepare deeds. They 
 are both directors in the Mecbanics and ^ler- 
 chants Bank of Manchester, and they are ac- 
 tively identitied with all the later movements, 
 landed and develoi>niental especially, of that 
 lively burg, 
 
 ]Mr. Royall has been in this line in Manches- 
 ter and in Richmond fijr the last twenty years. 
 His pai-tner, Mr. (i. 1". G.\rv, was formerly in_ 
 tlie tobacco trade, but has \n\'u in partnership 
 with Mr. i;o\:dl for the last three vears. 
 
 THE ADAMSON BLOCK, MANCHESTER. 
 Containing Post Office. Manchester Bank and Real Estate Office of A. L. Adannson. 
 
 Their specialty is the auctioneering of both 
 real estate and personal property. To it they 
 devote a great deal nt'tinie and attention. 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 77 
 
 The Kkfimdxd Axn ^Iaxchksteh LaxhChm- 
 TANv, which has an office in Maxciiester in ihc 
 Merchants and l*lant(>rs Savings Bank buililiny, 
 and also one in Kiclinioncl at >>'n. ."> 
 North Tenth street, was or(rani/.e<l 
 two years ago, and lias a paid in 
 caiiital of S.S0,O0O. It owns a tract 
 of 76 acres of high and naturally 
 ln'antifnl land, lying four srinares 
 from the eastern limits of the city 
 of Manchester. The company has 
 improved its property considerably 
 liy the laying out of streets, tree 
 lilanthig, drainage, etc. Many jiai- 
 ties have chosen this beautiful sjiot 
 as a place for their homes, and hand- 
 some residences are springing n\> all 
 over the propert}-. Tlie lots are 
 still selling rapidly, which fact at- 
 tests the attrai'tions of the com- 
 I'any's lands. The system of elec- 
 I lie railway which traverses the 
 cities of ^lanchesterand Kichmond. 
 runs within two squares of the prop- 
 erty, and a ride of fifteen minutes 
 carries ils residents into the very 
 lieart of tlie business center of 
 llichmonil. 
 
 Prominent business men of l)oth 
 cities are interested in and con- 
 nected with the [company. f'.Mr. 
 i;. C. Morton, of R. C. Morton & Co., tobaci'o 
 commission merchants, is the president ; A. L. 
 Ada.msox, a prominent real estate man of Man- 
 
 taiy ; ami .Toiix H. ^NIoXTAia e, the jiresident of 
 the Miichanls and Planters Saving Bank of 
 Kicluiionil. the treasurer. 
 
 THE LEADER BUILDING, MANCHESTER 
 A. J Bradley, Owner. Occupied by him and by the Daily 
 B, P. Owen, Editor. 
 
 The directors ari' the above named officer.* 
 and the following well known gentlemen : A. B. 
 (iiiigon, lawyer; ('. \V. Tanner, oil merchant; 
 
 HOMES IN THE RICHMOND AND MANCHESTER LAND COMPANY'S ADDITION TO MANCHt; !tK 
 
 cliester, vice-president; H. I,. Cabki.i., of Caliell T. A. Cary, general agent of the Xortlnvestern 
 t^ Wilson, real estate agents of Richmond, secre- Life Insurance Conijiany ; J. L. P.oljertson, mcr- 
 
78 
 
 TIIK (MTY ON TilK -JAMES. 
 
 clmiit ; W. ('. Ht'iitlcy, tobiuroiiist ; Cliarlcs 
 Davi'iipcrt, wlidU'sak' gTOccr; K. H. Arclicr, of 
 the Tredegar Iron Works; A. .1. Hiailley. ical 
 estate ; X. W. Nelson, ca|)italist ; I>. I'. Winston, 
 real e.state ; ('. 1'. hathroii, roal niercluint. 
 
 nrii.niM; wo i.han inMrAXiKs. 
 
 The rNTi'iiD Bankixo and Brn.oiNi; Company, 
 of Hiclinionil, is a savings ami liuilding anil loan 
 association of liia),OI)0,000 autlidrized caiiilal, oC 
 wliieh $1 jSOOjOOO is subscribed. It was organ- 
 ized in .lannai'y, 1890, and in llie past year has 
 added abont S,"iOO,000 of sab.seri])tions to its 
 stock. It bail on .laniuiry 1st, ISiiL'. wlu-n a 
 statement was rendered by it, total assets of 
 $L'ir>,L>I(), of which, !?a)7,H00 were fir.st mortgages 
 on real estate Its snr|ilns at that sanir time was 
 
 sale grocers, and Stephen I'ntney i*i Cn., wliole- 
 sale boots and shoes, is its president; William 
 .1. .lon.vsii.N, ]iresident nfthe citizens bank, vice- 
 president; Sami'ki, S. Ki.A.M, secretary and 
 treasnrer; and W, ('. I'iikstox, general attorney. 
 
 The directors are: Messrs. Blair and John- 
 .«oti, .\doli)hns Blair, of Adolphns Blair it Sons, 
 will ilesale grocers, AVilliani Ryan, president of 
 the.sy«/cnewspaperconipany, and H. L. Denoon, 
 III' licnoon, Tapper & Co., real estate agent,s. 
 
 The Old Dominion Biildlng and Loax A.sso- 
 11 ArioN, 1115 Main street, was organized in Jan- 
 nary, 1s;)0. Its organization was inspired bv 
 the fact that. nj. tn that time, at lea.st §1,000,- 
 000 had been withdrawn from tlie State by 
 foreign associations loaning njion morgage secu- 
 )-ity bci'c, and that this sum might be partially 
 
 THE MARKS HOMESTEAD, 
 Richmond and Manchester Land Company's Pioperty, Manchester. 
 
 bnt little less than $20,000. Cndcr its charter it 
 has the right to do business in the larger towns 
 of Virginia and North Carolina, and it has 
 branches established in a number of these, 
 which contribute largely to its business. 
 
 Its ])lan of ojieration is very like that of the 
 other .solid building and loan a.ssoeiations of 
 the country. Its special advantage lies in the 
 solidity of its management, which is in the 
 hands of business men of the city— men whose 
 success in their own private undertaking is a 
 guarantee for anything with whicli they may be 
 identified. 
 
 I.icwisll. I'.i.Aii;, of Harvey, Blair & Co., will lie- 
 
 recovered by home organizatinns — the drain, 
 at least, closed liy which this state of allkiis was 
 rendered possible. 
 
 The hopes of those who fathered this jiroject 
 luive been completely realized. The association 
 started with an authorized capital of $2,000,000, 
 which was thought to he ample, but in the short 
 space of four months the entire amount was taken 
 and an increased capital became imperative. The 
 limit was, therefore, extended, and within a 
 \-ear tlie capital reached the handsome sum of 
 •S3,000,000, and continues to increase steadilv. 
 The paid up capital is §(iOO,000 ; the authorized 
 capital S20,000,000. The Old Dominion Asso- 
 
THE CITY UN THE JAMES. 
 
 19 
 
 fiation has a n'sponsible and capaljle iiiana.i;v- 
 uieiit. Ilim. J. Tavliir Km.vsox, mayor (if tlu' 
 city of Rii-hiuond, is its pi'osiilent ; Xokmax \'. 
 Uan'dolimi, of the Kanilolpli Paper liox Conipa- 
 iiy, and president of the Viririnia State Insur- 
 anee company, and one of the memliers of tlu- 
 tirm of J. W. Randolph & Co., wholesale book- 
 sellers, vice-president; Caci.tox McCahtmy, 
 secretary, treasurer ami manager; B. KAxr) 
 A\'ei>lfori), attorney. 
 
 The directors are: Messrs. Kllysoii and Ran- 
 dol|)h, J. B. Parcel!, ex-president of the Cuam- 
 i;ku 01-" (_'oMMEHcK, and one of the firm of Pnr- 
 cell, Ladd & Co., wholesale drngtrists, .lohn S. 
 Kllett, of Wnigo, KUett & Crumii, wholesale 
 shoes, and president also of the State Bank of 
 Virginia, and F. 
 T. Sutton, of Sut- 
 ton & Co., real es- 
 tate agents. The 
 depository of the 
 association is the 
 State Baid< of Vir- 
 ginia. 
 
 The business of 
 this association is 
 the well-trieil 
 building fund 
 plan, pure and 
 simple, without 
 any of the ques- 
 tionable attach- 
 ments of insur- 
 ance, banking or 
 speculation. 
 
 It aims to do 
 two things, viz : 
 ti 1 receive small 
 sums contributed 
 by its members, 
 and to loan these 
 
 sums as they are aggregated to a limited number 
 I if borrowers ; these loans to be secured by first 
 mortgage upon real estate worth an average of 
 twice the amount of the loan. 
 
 The National Buildixo and 1xve.st.mext As- 
 sociation, of Virginia, 909 Bank street, began 
 business July 1st, 1S90. Of its Sl,t)00,000 author- 
 ized capital, .$750,000 is subscribed, and it has 
 disposed of about .'!,G00 shares, the par value of 
 which is .$200 since it began. It has loaned 
 about $170,000 in the same time. 
 
 This company has agencies in all the principal 
 towns and cities of the State. It is managed by 
 Imsiness men of ability and experience. .\. 
 PizziNi, Ju., one of the directors of the Mer- 
 
 cliants Xational ISank, and formerly president 
 of the Electric Street Railway and Light Coni- 
 pany here, is its president. J. W. K.vtes, gen- 
 eral superintendent of the Mackay - Bennett 
 Postal Telegraph Cable Company here, vice- 
 ]iresident ; \V. B. PizziNi, a son of the president, 
 treasurer ; and ^1. E. Bh.vdley, formerly en- 
 gaged in the same line and in banking in 
 Chicago, its secretary and general manager. 
 
 The directors are these gentlemen : W. H. 
 Scott, wholesale druggist ; John Chamblin, of 
 Chamblin, Delaney it Scott, iron founders ; J. P. 
 Iiashiell, of Thomas Potts & Co., wholesale 
 grocers; C. B. Habliston, wholesale furniture 
 dealer; Colonel Jolm ^Inrphy, ]iroprietor of 
 Murphy's Hotel; V. W. Cunningham, city col- 
 
 ATIONAL BUILDING AND INVESTMENT ASSOCIATION. 
 
 lector; A. G. Babcock, capitalist; an<l James 
 L. Robertson, of DuVal & Robertson, lumber 
 dealers, Manchester. 
 
 The Lincoln X.vtioxal Brii.Dix<; and Loax 
 Associ-ATiox, of No. 1 North Tentli street, is 
 organized under the laws of Mrginia, with an 
 authorized capital of $2,000,000. It is the first 
 and only national association out of 0,oOO build- 
 ing and loan associations now operating in the 
 United States (and a very large number of them 
 doing business in the South), so organized and 
 managed as to give the colored people exclusive 
 riglits to all loans. Still 7r> per cent, of its in- 
 vestment stock is carri<'d by white people, both 
 of the North and South. 
 
so 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 It has for its iu!iiiat;iMin.'iit Imsiiiuss and ]ini- 
 I'l'ssional white iiu'ii of this city, who arc liiMuylit 
 into contact witli the colored people ilaily, and 
 are familiar with their condition. This nian- 
 ap:einent is as follows ; Oris H. KrssKU., post- 
 master of Kichmond (mention of whom is else- 
 where made I, president ; I). K. AVu.sox, al.so of 
 Kichmond, vice-president; lion. li. C. Cook, 
 formerly collector of customs here, secretary and 
 treasurer; .1. .\. Paitki:, assistant secretary and 
 U'eneral manajier; ( leneral Kdo.vi! A i,i,i:n, of tlie 
 attorney i;cnei-al's oliice, Washinfjton, I >. ('., 
 trustee; l>r. I. .1. Hawkes, director ; and llnii. 
 Edmini) Waddii.i., .Iu., general attorney. Its 
 depositories arc the State I'aid; of \'iri;inia, ol' 
 this I'ity. and the l.inrnln Xati.jiial I'.anl;, of 
 AVashins;ton, I ». ( '. 
 
 SECRETARY S OFFICE NATIONAL BUILDING AND INVESTMENT ASSOCIATION. 
 
 Its stock is divided into shares of $.50 eacli, 
 |iayahle in monthly installments. Investment 
 shai'es are .")0 cents the first month, and .">0 cents 
 thereafter; investment loan shares, just douljle 
 that ; paid tip stock is $25 a share in advance, and 
 it draws (i i>er cent, per annum. Fully paid up 
 certificate shares, bearing 7 per cent, interest, are 
 $r)0. This stock is all secured by first mortgage 
 on I'eal estate. 
 
 The Lincoln is already thoroughly established 
 and ni prosperous condition. It is doing an cx- 
 ix'llent work, anil is highly commended as a 
 project of genuine iplnlauthro]iy toward the 
 colored |ieiiple. whieli slimild lie, at the same 
 lime, if |iiiiperly managed, a ujedium of ]irofit 
 to all engaged in it. 
 
 Ill its plan and aims it dilfers little from 
 liuililing assoi-ia- 
 ' i (J n s generally, 
 \cei)t that it is 
 I lore liberal than 
 lie generality of 
 ■ liem toward the 
 lass which it is 
 imposed to make 
 i-princiiial bene- 
 I'iaries. It is es- 
 l>ecially intended 
 to. enable tliat 
 class to aci|Uire 
 hoiiiesat a nionth- 
 h ( ost no greater 
 til in the I'eiital of 
 (111 |iro|ierly ae- 
 c|inred by them 
 would be. It has 
 I' hieved alreaily 
 I large measure 
 ot success, a n d 
 imimises to In- all 
 it was intendeil. 
 
 IMPROVEMENTS TABUI.ATED. 
 Real Estate TransfcTs, tliree years . . . $7,009,139 Manclie.sters share : 
 
 NewBuildings, thee years, (2.065) ... 3,000000 Real Estate Transfers $500,000 
 
 „, ... ,,, , .. „ . ' New Buildings 400,000 
 
 Public Worivs, .same time, Paving, Sewer- d u, , 
 
 ;„„ r-„ 1- , Pnblic Improvements iso.ooc 
 
 ing. Grading, etc 1,000,000 HaiimorU ,.t,- 
 
 ' Kailroacis, etc 350,000 
 
 Public Worlcs, other than Municipal, 
 
 Railroad. Viaducts, etc 1.000,000 Total, $1,400,000 
 
 Total Expenditures Real Estate and Im- „., """T^ 'T''°'Z\, ' •;. '■'^° 
 
 Miles Street Railway, both cities . . s' 
 
 P™''*^™"'" $>2.O09,,,,9 Miles Electric Street Railway . ... 3^ 
 
 Suburban Extension— 7,000 acres .... iisq. miles Building and Loan Associations . , . 14 
 
 Capital Stock of . 5:5.0000- 
 
Banking and Insurance Business. 
 
 •ate 
 
 'inidNI) has twenty- 
 one l)lUlk^•: four of tliese 
 with a national cliarter, 
 anil ten operatini: ninler 
 the State laws; of the 
 twenty-one, eight are sav- 
 ings banks; three are trnst 
 eoniiianies ; live are jiri- 
 banks ; and one is in Manehester. 
 
 The total eapital and surplus and undivided 
 |irotits of the incor])orated banks of the eity, 
 .lanuary 1, 1803, the fiiiures for private banks 
 not being available, were |l(i,040,ori(). 
 
 The total deposits with these tinanc-ial corpo- 
 rations at the same date were Sll,loO,000. Their 
 total loans and discounts, same date, were !?1'2,- 
 520,000. Their total resources were S17,!I00,000. 
 
 This statement shows an increase during the 
 twelve months preceding that date of Sl.lii-,.'!"J-1 
 capital; 81,550,000 deposits; $1,7SO,000 loans 
 and discounts ; and $2,850,000 total resources. 
 
 The total bank clearances of the city during 
 1889 were §108,409,791 ; during 1890, $111,207,- 
 943 ; during 1891, |1119,740,556 ; and during 1892, 
 $127,418,966. 
 
 This record shows an increase of §18,949,175 
 in 1892 over 1889, in clearings; an<l §7,678,410 
 I luring 1892 alone. 
 
 The estimate of the total cajiital emploj-ed in 
 banking operations in the city, pul;)lic and i)ri- 
 vate, is §6,500,000. 
 
 The estimate of real estate loans, made en- 
 tirely by the savings banks, trust companies, 
 and by individuals, either personally or through 
 the regular real estate agencies, is §1,750,000 
 annually. The aggregate savings deposits are 
 §1,525,000. 
 
 The ruling rate of discount, commercial loans 
 is 6 to S per cent. ; of interest on mortgage loans, 
 6 percent.; and in making the latter, the security 
 must be a third greater in value, at least, than 
 the loan. Tlie itsual rate of New York ex- 
 change selling is one-tenth of one per cent. 
 
 The total insurance business, fire and life, of 
 the city, is, in premiums, §1,318,812 annually. 
 This statement cover's the business, fire, life and 
 accident, of liotli the local companies and agen- 
 cies, city and State. 
 
 The grand financial aggregate for Richmond 
 is largely swollen by the following very con- 
 siderable items : 1. State disburaements of about 
 6 
 
 §3,000,000 a year. 2. City and county disbur.se- 
 ments of §2,750,000 a year. .3. Postal transac- 
 tions of §2,000,000 in money-orders, jiaid and 
 sol, 1, and in stamps and other receipts. 4. In- 
 ternal revenue collections of §1,. 500,000 a year ; 
 customs and other Federal disbursements of 
 §600,000 a year. The total of all which business 
 is §9,850,000 a \-ear. 
 
 The four National Ijanks of the city are the 
 Planters National, the First National, the Na- 
 tional Bank of A'irginia, and the .Alerchants 
 National. They liave half of the l>anking capi- 
 tal, and do more than that proportion of the 
 total banking business of the city. 
 
 The State banks doing a commercial business 
 exclusively are the State Bank of Virginia, the 
 City Bank and the Citizens of Richmond, 
 
 The savings banks are the Security Savings, 
 the Union Bank, the ^lerchants and Planters 
 Savings, and the Savings ]5ank of Richmond, 
 
 The ^lechanics and ^lerchants of ^Manchester 
 does both a commercial and savings business. 
 
 The three trust comjianies, the ^'irginia Safe 
 Deposit and Fidelity Company, the Virginia 
 Safe Deposit and ^Mercantile Company, and the 
 Perpetual P.uilding Loan and Trust Company, 
 do a savings business also. 
 
 The six private banks are those of John L. 
 Williams & Son, Thomas Branch & Co,, C, W, 
 Branch c^ Co., R.W. ^Maury, Lancaster c'i Lucke, 
 and AV. L. AVaring & Co. 
 
 Of the twenty-one banks the Security Savings 
 Bank of Richmond and jNIanchester Bank and 
 two of the trust companies are of recent founda- 
 tion, that is to say, within the last three years. 
 The others are all institutions of many year's 
 establishment. 
 
 The Richmond Clearing House is under the 
 management of an association of seven of the 
 banks of the city, with Major W. J. .Toiinson as 
 president, and J. W. Sinton, secretary. 
 
 The bankers doing a brokerage business are 
 organized as a Stock Exchange, with John L. 
 WiLi.i.^jrs as president, and R. W. JL^urv as 
 secretary. 
 
 TlIK BANKS DESCHIISED, 
 
 TiiK following sketches give some further de- 
 tails concerning these Richmond banks : 
 
 The Planters National Bank of Richmond 
 exemplifies, in its last statement, rendered in ac- 
 cordance with the law regulating National banks. 
 
82 
 
 T 
 
 ('l'l"^■ ( >N 
 
 !•: .lAMKS. 
 
 available for this inattci-, tlu' liiuuu-ial strcnjitli 
 
 of tlu' comiminity. It had, atvin-iliiif; to that 
 
 statoniont, total resources of $.'5, 28.i,:!72, of wliirli 
 
 $2,2()S,;i>l7 were loans ami iliscomits. Its cash 
 
 items anj^regated at 
 
 the same time $l!;!4,- 
 
 177. The ileposits 
 
 with it, of all kinds, 
 
 weiv iiL',:;il,s;is, and 
 
 it had, m addition U< 
 
 its paid up capital 
 
 stock of $300,000 and 
 
 its surplus fund of 
 
 $()00.0011, undivided 
 
 profits of SU!,.")!!;!. 
 
 Till' president of 
 the Planters National 
 Bank is .1. B. Pack, 
 whose fortune was 
 acquired in toliacco 
 manufacture, ami 
 w-hose interest in 
 railroads, (inanrinl 
 and other large ven- 
 tures in this ]iart of 
 the country, iiiaki- 
 him one ol' I li r 
 wealthiest residents 
 of the South. TIjc 
 cashier is Richaro 
 H. Smith, who sm- 
 ceeds Mr. M. S. 
 Quarles, now con- 
 nected with the new 
 Safe Deposit Com- 
 pany here. 
 
 The directors are ; 
 Messrs..!. B. Pace;.]. 
 J. Montague, dealer 
 in sash, blind, lum- 
 ber, etc.; W. J. West- 
 w'ood, brick manu- 
 facturer; T. \y. Pem- 
 bertou, cajiitalist; 
 and Morton B. Ko- 
 senbaum, of M. Ro- 
 senbaum & Co., 
 wholesale dry goods. 
 
 These are names 
 that, to those ac- 
 quainted with this 
 comnmnity, are a 
 guarantee foi' any 
 
 enterprise with which tlicy may be connected. 
 The Planters National Bank was organized in 
 1868. It began with a cajiital of *:!0(),00l), and 
 
 THE CANNONEER. 
 
 Figure of the new Howitzers" JVlonunnent. 
 
 Designed by W. L. Shepard. 
 
 while it has becuac<umulating itsextraorilinary 
 surplus, it lias still returned a regular annual 
 dixidcml of S ]ier cent, to its stockholders, 
 which rale is nipw, at length, increased to TO 
 jier cent. The Plant- 
 ers, in liict, has been 
 one of the most suc- 
 cessful banks in the 
 land. 
 
 It has an exten- 
 sive correspondenci'. 
 Bills of exchange arc 
 drawn by it and busi- 
 ness done with the 
 following banks in 
 the larger cities : 
 
 The First National 
 liank, Ba 1 1 i more. 
 Md.; Bank of N..i-th 
 .\iuerica, Pliiladel- 
 phia. Pa. ; Mechanics 
 National, National 
 Park Bank, and Bank 
 of .\merica, in New 
 York, and others. 
 Besides these, it has 
 for correspondents 
 about l.iO banks in 
 the territory tribu- 
 tary to the city. 
 
 This bank has now 
 in course of construc- 
 tion a new lirown- 
 .stone ami [iressed 
 lirick liuilding, which 
 it will occupy when 
 it is completed. This 
 building occupies the 
 site of its old one, cor- 
 ner of Twelfth and 
 ^laiu streets. It is 
 in the style known 
 in architecture as the 
 revised Romanesqtie; 
 its superstructure is 
 of buff brick, with 
 stone trimmings to 
 match, and its interi- 
 or, as prepared for 
 the bank itself, is 
 one great hall. The 
 estimate of its cost, 
 complete, is ?100,000. 
 The half-tone engraving of this bank, illus- 
 trating page 8 of this book, is made from the 
 acee])ted aivhitect's design. 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 83 
 
 The First Xatioxai, Bank of Kiciimoxd, the 
 leading bank in Virginia in capital, sni'iilns. 
 fleposits, total resourees, and other indieations 
 of prix-sperity and solidity, is also one of tin' 
 oldest banks of the State. It was e.stablisluMl 
 .in 186.5, and two years later was consolidated 
 with the National Exchange Bank, nnder its 
 national charter. It is a State and city depos- 
 itary. It has, [lerhaps, the most snbstantial 
 liusiness men of the city for its directors, and 
 in the remarkable bnsiness done l)y it, is an 
 evidence itself of the wealth and coniiiiciTial 
 importance of Richmonil. 
 
 By its statement of Jnly 1st, 18il2, 
 It had, in addition to its capital stock 
 of l?GOO,000 (paid up), §400,000 snr- 
 plus, and a contingent fund of S.iO,- 
 OOO. The deposits with it, at that 
 same time, aggregated §2,000,000, 
 an amount showing the extent to 
 whit'li it furnished the sinews of 
 trade to the community. At the 
 same time its aggregate resources 
 were §3,000,000 and upward, of 
 which §2,2.50,000 were loans and 
 discounts; §75,000 United States 
 bonds and other securities ; §20,000 
 the value of its bank premises ; and 
 §055,000 its cash on hand and bank 
 lialances. 
 
 For twenty-four years Isaac Dav- 
 enport, Jr., of Davenport & Morris, 
 wholesale grocers, and of other en- 
 terprises here, was its president, 
 and under his management it grew 
 steadily with the growth of the 
 community, and became represen- 
 tative, in a veiy large measure, of 
 the financial enterprise of the city. 
 jSIr. Davenport retired in April, 
 1891, and Mr. A. L. Boulwahe, of 
 the law firm of WiUiams & Boul- 
 ware, succeeded him. Mr. Boulware 
 h;is displayed most excellent qualifi- 
 cations for this responsible station, 
 and under him the bank lias con- 
 tinued to make a substantial advance. The 
 c-ashier, H. C. Burnett, has been with the bank 
 for twenty-seven year.s — for ten years as cashier. 
 
 The directors are as follows : J. B. Purcell, of 
 Purcell, Ladd & Co., wholesale druggists ; T. M. 
 Rutherfoord, retired tobacconist; H. T. Whit- 
 comb, civil engineer; Israel Stern, of Stern & 
 Co., wholesale shoe dealers; L. Levy, commis- 
 sion merchant ; R. L. Brown, of Brown, Da\4s 
 A Atkins, wholesale grocers ; Junius A. 3Iorris, 
 
 of Davenport & Morris, wholesale grocers; Cap' 
 tain G. W. Allen, agent of the nld Dominion 
 Steamslup Company ; llyrd Warwick, of War- 
 wick Bros., tobacconists' supplic>: W. T. Yar- 
 lirougli, manufacturer ■ if tobarid : .hiinrs ;\lillii-. 
 l>resideiit of the rninii I'.ank of Kichiiiond ; and 
 (t. a. Daveniioi't, of liavenpoit i^ Co., insuiance 
 agents. 
 
 Following are the loi-n'spoiidciits of the First 
 Xational in the |principal lii];incial centers: Tlie 
 Hank of New York (X. 1!. \.<. X Y. ; .\uieri.au 
 Fxcliaiige Xational l'>:nik. ( 'liicago ; Mercliauts- 
 
 FIRST NATIONAL BANK BUILDING 
 
 National Bank, Baltimore; and i'.ii.iwn, Shipley 
 & Co., London, England. 
 
 The State Bank of Virginia is now in the 
 twenty-third year of its organization, and is one 
 of the most substantial and conservative of the 
 banks of the city. At the close of business Sep- 
 tember 30tli, 1892, it had total resources of 
 §2,398,792, of which §1,944,:!4() (neariy §2,000,- 
 000) was loans and discounts. .\mong other 
 assets it had a banking house valued at §7(i,llt). 
 
84 
 
 Till". CITY OX 'IMIK JAMES. 
 
 It.-i caiiiliil stn,-U (if ii.")lHI,i:ui(t i> M imi.l in. ;iiiil 
 it liiul, lifs-iik's, !it tliu tiiin' ol tln' ^kitriia-nt 
 jii.st rc'ferivil to, a siii|iliis t'liml ;iiicl iindividiMl 
 ])rotit>< of $27.'!,i>7(l nf wliicli .'jl-JiijdOO was >\ir- 
 plii.s. Till' individual deposits willi it tlun 
 weiv ui)wai-ds of $1 ,.')00,000. It lias a lar-c 
 exclmnvc imd collfi-iioii hiisiiio.ss. 
 
 .loii.s' S. Ki.i.KTi'. nl'ilu- W'ingo, Klk'tt t<; Cniiiip 
 Shoe Co.. is its prisidciit. and \Vm. M. IIii.i,. 
 
 MERCHANTS NATIONAL BANK BUILDING. 
 
 rasliifi'. Mr. I';i!ftt is a meivliant of jn-onii- 
 neiK-e, and a man of large proiierty interests. 
 He is an active member of tlie Ciumbeu or 
 Commerce. Jlr. Hill has had thirty years' ex- 
 peiience as a l)anl; officer. The directors are 
 all men notahlc in the business comnnniity. 
 These gentlemen, besiiles IMr. Ellett, are: Wil- 
 
 liam I). (iibsoM, commission menliant ; X. G. 
 P.alxock, cajiitalist; AVilliam E. Tanner; Alexan- 
 der Cameron, of .-Alexander C^ameron A Brother, 
 tobacco mannfacturers ; Peter H. Mayo, of P. H. 
 ^layo i<: Hrother (incoriioratedl, tobacco manu- 
 factnrers also; .lohn Tyler, of the Richmond 
 Transfer Co. ; .losepli ^I. Fourqurean of Founin- 
 ivan, Price it Co., dry goods; W. Miles Gary, 
 of .'snblctt it Cary, commission merchants; 
 T. C. Williams, .Jr., vice- 
 jii-esident of the T. C. Wil- 
 liams Co., tobacco manu- 
 fai-turers ; and Granville 
 <;. Valentine, of Valen- 
 tino' >lcut .Tuice Works. 
 The ;\lEi!cn.\Nis N.\- 
 Tiox.M, B.\XK of Rich- 
 mond was organized in 
 1870. It is a United 
 States, State and city de- 
 positary, and is one of the 
 most substantial banks in 
 the State in respect of re- 
 sources and business. 
 
 Its president, John P. 
 Bu.\X(ii, was one of its 
 founders, and is a mem- 
 ber of the firm of Tho.\i.\s 
 Bu.\xcii & Co., private 
 bankers of this city. Mr. 
 F. R. Scott, vice-presi- 
 dent, is jiresident of the 
 Richmond and Peters- 
 burg Railroad Company, 
 president also of the Pe- 
 tersburg Savings and In- 
 surance Company, a n d 
 has been identified with 
 this bank from its inceii- 
 tion. The cashier, Mr. 
 .binx F. Glexx, has bad 
 twenty-five yeare' experi- 
 ence of the business. 
 
 Its directors are Messrs. 
 .lohn P. Branch, Frede- 
 rick R. Scott, Frederick 
 W. Scott and John K. 
 Branch of Thomas Branch 
 i>c Co., bankers; R.C. JMor- 
 ton, leaf tobacco dealer; Thomas Potts, whole- 
 sale grocer; R. G. Cabell, Jr., druggist; J. L. 
 Shackelford, a.ssistant State auditor ; C. S. String- 
 fellow, lawyer ; Colonel A. S. Buford, railroad 
 ]u-omoter and capitalist, and A. Pizzini, Jr., 
 president of the National Building and In- 
 vestment Association (already described herein) 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 85 
 
 and assistant manager riftlif RichiiKPiid Kleotric 
 Railway Company. 
 
 The capital stock uf the ilen-hants is $200,000. 
 It is all paid up. Its surplus and undivided 
 profits at the time a statement made liy it was 
 la.st available, .Tidy 1st, 1802, were fl9:!,7.'iS. 
 The deposits witli it at that same time aggre- 
 gated $l,(!r8,10.S. It had then also of total as- 
 sets, §2,2.56,71)7, embracing Sl,l(il,.'j:?6 of loans 
 and discounts ; §462,000 of United .States Vjonds ; 
 $485,6.5.3 cash on hand and due by reserve 
 agents, and its bank premises, valued at $70,000 
 in round numbers. 
 
 The correspondents of this bank in the prin- 
 
 banking business exclusively. It lias experi- 
 enced a remarkable and yet substantial growth, 
 especially in the last three or four years, during 
 which its loans and iliscounts. deposits and other 
 evidences of development, have increased fully 
 fifty per cent. It liail at the time of its state- 
 ment last available for this publication, July 
 12th, 1S92, total resources of 81, 24.5,000, embrac- 
 ing loans and discounts of §1,013,000, and cash 
 items and due from banks and bankers, ?2o0,000. 
 The deposits with it at the same time aggregated 
 §740.000. It has §400,t)00 capital stock and 
 a §90,000 surjilus fund. Tt is the depositary 
 of the city of Richmond. Its president is Wir,- 
 
 INTERIOR OF THE CITY SANK OF RICHMOND 
 
 clival cities are as follows : United States Xa- 
 tional, Third National and Tradesmen National, 
 New York ; the Citizens National, Baltimore, 
 and Central National, Philadelphia. 
 
 The City Bank of Kiciimonp, 1109 E. ^laiu 
 street, was chartei'ed in 1S7() to do an insurance 
 as well as banking business, and was originally 
 called the ^lechanics and ilerchants Savings 
 Bank. This charter was amended in 1872, and 
 its name changed to what it is at iiresent ; and 
 again amended in 1876, so as to jirovide for a 
 
 MAM II. Palmer, ])resident also of the Virginia 
 Fin- and Marine Insurance Companj- ; its vice- 
 president, E. B. Anni.so.N, of Allison & Addison, 
 manufacturers of feililizers : and its cashier is 
 .1. A\'. SiNTox, who has lieen in the Ijankiiig Inisi- 
 ness for fifteen years — for eight years of that time 
 with this institution. 
 
 The directoi-s, besides ^lessrs. Palmer and 
 .\ddison, are Moses Millhiser, of M, Millhiser & 
 Co,, wholesale dry goods ; George W. Andereon, 
 of (',. \V. Anderson A Son. carpets and furnish- 
 
86 
 
 THE CITV ON TILE JAIVIES. 
 
 inp* ; .laiiK's T. (iray, !^liii>i)iT of leaf tiiliacco; 
 ,1. N. Hoyd, <U'alorin Icaftobaoco; S. H. Ilawcs, 
 coal dealer; A. L. Holliday, ex-jml^'e of tlie 
 ('liancery Court of tlie city of Hiolimond ; .1. \V. 
 Beveridge, grocer; I. 1). Cardo/.a, retired iiier- 
 ohant; Williain Josiah T^eake, ex-judge of the 
 Chancery t'ourt of the city of Richmond ; K. T. 
 n. Meyers, i)resident of the Richmond, Krcder- 
 ickshurgand I'otomac Raih-oad : N. W. Nelson, 
 retired merchant ; and \V. R. Trigg, president 
 of the Riclmiond l,o<oniotive and Machine 
 Works. 
 
 Tlie National Bank oi" Vik(;inia, Kleventh 
 and Main streets, is the oldest bank in the city. 
 It was founded in IStio. It has $200,(1(10 capital 
 paid in, and at the time of its statement last, 
 a\'ailable for this jmblication, Seiitember 24th, 
 18il2, ha<l a surplus fund and undivided profits 
 
 experienced l>ank ollirers. The foiiucr has 
 hail a banking ex]H'nencr of upwards of forty 
 years. 
 
 The directoi-s are: Judge Christian; George 
 W. Palmer, capitalist, of Southwest Virginia ; 
 J. N. Koyd, dealer in leaf tobacco; John Pope, 
 of the Allen & Ginter Branch American To- 
 bacco Company ; I. J. Mercer, lumber dealer ; 
 H. A. Claiborne, president of the Mutual Assu- 
 rance Society ; J. T. (Jray, dealer in leaf to- 
 bacco; R. S. Bosher, of the T. C. Williams 
 Tobacco Company ; L. B. Tatum, ex-vice-presi- 
 dent of the Virginia Steand)oat Company ; E. 
 Raab, and Charles Wallace. 
 
 Its ]irincipal correspondents are: the Han- 
 over National Bank, the Bank of New York 
 (N. B. A.), and Importers and Traders National 
 Bank, of New York ; the Fourth Street National 
 
 THE LAKE. FOREST HILL PARK, MANCHESTER. 
 
 of >:70,(KK) and uiure. Its total rc.<ources then 
 were $1,:!22,15S, of which $nC)4,332 were loans 
 and discount,*, and $50,000 the value of its bank- 
 ing house. The deposits with it at that same 
 time were $1,007.1101. Tlie.<e figures iudicnti" its 
 .soliilily. 
 
 The ofiicei-s of this bank are all sulistantial 
 business men of the city. Judge (iKoi^iK L. 
 CiiiiisriAX, attorney, who is president of the 
 CiiA.MBEu OF Co.M.MKWK, is president of it. He 
 suci-eeds E. (). NoLTiNfi, of the firm of E. O. 
 Nolting & Co., leading dealers in leaf tobacco 
 and proprietoi-s of the Plantere Tobacco Ware- 
 house, a largo i)ro])erty owner here, and a 
 man of means. J. W. Lockwood. cashier, and 
 (,1. S. MonTox, assistant cashier, -.wv both loni;- 
 
 Bank and First National Bank, of I'hiladelphia, 
 and the National Ex<'hange Bank, Baltimore. 
 
 The Citizens Bank of Richmond was orgiin- 
 i/ed in 1872, as a savings bank, and was re- 
 organized with a State charter, to do a general 
 liaiiUing business, in 188r>. It has $200,000 cap- 
 ital paid in, and at the time of the last state- 
 ment available for this publication, had a sur- 
 plus and undivided profits of $60,000 besides. Its 
 total re.sources at the same time were 1788,913 ; 
 its loans and discounts $(i:!2,:!0(j ; and the de- 
 l)osits $432,o;>S. 
 
 The president of this l)ank is Major W. ,1. 
 .loiiNsoN, of the firm of W. J. Johnson i.*c Co., 
 wholc^^ale grocers, and president also of the 
 Kicliuiond Cliina Cnnipany. The cashier is 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 87 
 
 Mr. S. G. Wallace, who has liecii witli it fnr 
 twelve years. 
 
 The Mechanics .\xd ^lEKriiANTs 1!ank, cif 111:; 
 Hull street, JIanciiester, was ineoriKinited with 
 a .State charter in 1889. By the last statement 
 available for this publication, it had a capital 
 stock, jiaid in, of !p4.3,000, and a surplus fund 
 and undivided profits of about i5!8,000 more. 
 The tleposit with it amounted at that same time 
 to lfill2,000. Its loans and discounts were i>134,- 
 .518, and its total resources $ll)G,818. It has, in 
 fact, been a prosperous institution from the start. 
 A. L. Adamsox, real estate agent of Manchester, 
 is its presiilent ; J. H. Pattesox, cashier. 
 
 The con-espondent of this bank in New York 
 is the Southern National Bank. 
 
 John H. Montague, president of this bank, 
 is treasurer of the Chamber of Commerce, and 
 is the head also of the Richmond Paper Company, 
 one (if the city's largest manufacturing concerns. 
 His portrait is one of those in the frontispiece 
 of this work. The cashier of the Merchants 
 and Plantere is Mr. H. A. Willia.ms, for ten 
 years cashier of the F. E. Patrick Company, 
 Richmond agents for Armour & Co. , Chicago. 
 
 The directors are : N. W. Nelson, capitalist 
 and director of the City Bank ; Thomas [G. 
 .lackson and G. Carlton .Tacksou, of Jackson 
 
 
 ■ BROOKSIDE," RESIDENCE OF JOHN C. ROBERTSON, SUBURBS OF MANCHESTER, 
 Opposite Foiest Hill Park. (Page 69.) 
 
 s. WINGS HANKS. 
 
 The Mer( II ants .\xi) Planters Savings Bank, 
 of 923 East Main street, is one of the oldest 
 banks of the city. It is one of the soundest also. 
 It has §100,1)00 caiiital stock, and undivided 
 jirotits besides, which at last accounts — its state- 
 ment of September .-'.Oth, h'^Oi'— were *l:!,4U. 
 The deposits with it at that same date were 
 S129,.539. Its loans and discounts, in large 
 measure significant of the accommodation it ex- 
 tends to the business community, wei'e $232,828. 
 
 It has shown, in fact, a steady increase in 
 business and resources for manv veai's past. 
 
 e<c .lackson, prominent lawyers of the city; 
 .hiseiih Hall, iron founder ; B. C. Wherry, in- 
 surance agent; .John C. Shafer, capitalist; 
 Thomas N. Carter, of the law firm of Page A 
 Carter; and Ivhvavd li. Archer, of the Tredegar 
 Company. 
 
 Tin- SEcnaTY Savixgs Bank, 1107 East Main 
 street, fills a want long felt in Richmond for a 
 financial institution offering longer term accom- 
 modations than lianks ordinarily grant. This 
 it does under conditions of undoulited security, 
 as its name implies. 
 
 It is one of the recognized agencies of the 
 
88 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 city's progress in a liiunu-ial waj'. Itf^ ntlicers 
 and stockliolik>rs arc loatliii}: iin'ri-liants, niaiiii- 
 facturors ami otlicr Imsiiioss nicii (if RicluiKinil. 
 It has $200,000 caiiital, individual di'iiosits 
 anionntiiifc' to $l:li),0OO, and, altlii>ii;,'li but a few 
 years established, has a surplus of $25,000. 
 
 Its president is K. A. Catlin, real estate and 
 insurance agent, of 5 and 7 Eleventli street, 
 cashier also of the Home Building Company, and 
 treasurer of the Mozart Association. ^Ir. .I.v.mrs 
 K. Gordon is vice-iiresident, and Mr. .V. Beirne 
 Bl.^ir, cashier. 
 
 The directory is composed of Messrs. Clay 
 Drewrj', E. \V. Gates, I'. Whitlock, A. Bargamin, 
 Preston Cocke, Thomas D. Neal, .Tr., S. I). 
 Crenshaw, W. T. Hancock, Allan Talbott, C. 
 H. Hagjin, E. A. Catlin, James R. Gordon, N. 
 R. Savage, Thomas F. JeflVess, R. \V. Powers. 
 
 This bank also docs a large underwriting busi- 
 ness. The companies I'eprescnteil by it are the 
 well-known Hamburg- Bremen, London and 
 Lancashire, \'irginia State, National of Hart- 
 ford, Continental, .Niagara, Insurance Company 
 of North .-Vmerica, and tlic .Nortli British and 
 Mercantile. 
 
 The Union B.v.vk is a savings instilnlion nf 
 5219,7.50 capital and S2:!:!,000 sui'phis. It has 
 about l,."i00 depositors, $770,000 deposits and 
 $1,2(11,000 total re.sources. J.imes Mili.kr is its 
 president, and Joseph B. Be.vsley, cashier. 
 
 The Savings B.vxk nv Riciimo.nd, which has 
 quarters in the building of the National Bank 
 of Virginia, at Eleventh an<l ]\Iain streets, was 
 organized in April, IsSil. It has a capital 
 stock of $100,000 paid in, and at the time of its 
 statement last available for this luiblication. 
 had a surplus fund of $;?0,00(), and undivided 
 profits of $:;.402. Its deposits at the same time 
 aggregated $:!7."),000, ri^presenting the accounts 
 of 2,0110 d<>positors, and its total resources were 
 $134,000. 
 
 Dr. R. A. P.mtersox, tobacco manufactuier, is 
 its president ; Jas. M. Bale, cashier. 
 
 TRU.Sr COMI'ANIICS. 
 
 The Viuoixia Sai-e Deposit ano Fidelity 
 Company, of Richmond, was chartered by the 
 Legislature of Virginia, and connnenced busi- 
 ness June 1st, 18!»2, with the following oHicers: 
 president, James B. Pace ; vice-president, Manx 
 S. Quari.es; secretary and treasurer, .lonx 
 Morton; with Colonel W. W. Ciordon and 
 Messrs. Christian & Christian as advisory coun- 
 sel, and with the following directory, represent- 
 ative of Richmond's best and strongest busine.ss 
 
 elements : Lewis ( iinter, James B. Pace, Thomas 
 I'otts, John P. Branch, W. S. Forbes, T. William 
 Pcniberton, Charles E. Whitlock, A. L. Bonl- 
 warc, E. B. .\ddison, J. N. Boyd, Charles Wat- 
 kins. C. W. P>ranch, Fred. S. Myers. Mann S. 
 (Juarles, E. D. Christian, .lo.=eiih Bryan, M. B. 
 Ko.'^enbaum, T. C. Williams, Jr., L. Z. Morris, 
 Philip Whitlock and J. J. ^lontague. 
 
 The company began with a paid-up capital 
 of .'f.")00,000. The authorized capital, under its 
 charter, is .'?2,000,000, which amount it nnght 
 have started with easily, as was shown by the 
 disposition to subscribe; but the incorjioi'ators 
 did not deem it advisable to do so. The company 
 occupies half of the new and absolutely fire- 
 proof l)uilding, 1200 F^^ast ]Main street, in con- 
 nection with the Planters National Bank. The 
 safety and storage vaults of this company are 
 not surpassed in this country, and the}- afibrd 
 to tlie patrons of the safety dejiartment the 
 greatest sei-urity. The comjiany assumes the 
 fullest lialjility in this regard. 
 
 This coinjiany at-ts also as executor, adnunis- 
 trator, guardian, assignee, receiver and tiiistee, 
 and as such, can qualify in any court of the 
 State ; acts as registrar and transfer agent for 
 corporations ; examines and guarantees titles to 
 real estate, and issues its policies for same ; 
 guarantees the performance of contracts, and 
 insures inviduals, associations and coi'porations 
 against loss through agents and employes; 
 makes loans on real and personal security, and 
 allows interest on deposits by agreement ; can 
 go upon any bond for appeal, upon any in- 
 junction, attachment or other bond required by 
 law of any person ; will receipt for and register 
 wills dcjiosited, and make no charge for that 
 service. The well-known character of the offi- 
 cers and directors of this company, and its 
 remarkalile success since its conunencement, a 
 few months ago, give promise of a particularly 
 bright fiiture for it. 
 
 The Virginia Mercantile and Sake Deposit 
 Co.mpany of Richmond has its office at 1108 
 East Main street. It was incorporated by a 
 special act of the (ieneral Assembly of Virginia, 
 January 24th, ISOO. and was organized for busi- 
 ness January !ltli, 1S02, with an authorized cap- 
 ital of §1,0110.0(10. 
 
 This company receives deposits of money 
 and court ftinds, and allows interest thereon ; 
 negotiates loans ; executes trusts of every de- 
 scription and in ev^ry fiduciary capacity ; acts 
 as executor, administrator, curator, guardian, 
 trustee under wills and deeds, etc.; has the 
 power and riLdit to become surety for the faith- 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 sg 
 
 fill performance of tnifits, contracts, ami the 
 fidelity of employes ; abstracts and IxsruES 
 Titles to Real Estate. 
 
 This latter is a feature of unusual value to the 
 business interests of Richmond, and this com- 
 pany is now preparing a title plant, with ex- 
 perts, which will enalile it in a short time to 
 fiiniish abstracts to titles and certify them. It 
 ■will also issue policies of title insurance to real 
 estate and real estate securities in Richmond 
 and the adjoining counties, thereliy aftbnling 
 absolute security to deeds of tru.st and to pur- 
 
 mer, Charles R. Skinker, .John G. Slater, How- 
 ard Swineford, Robert L. Traylor, Granville (I. 
 A'alentine. 
 
 I'RIVATE IJANKS. 
 
 John L. Williams tt Soxs, bankers and Imi- 
 kers, of 1000 :Main street (J. L. Williams ami 
 his sons, Jonx Skeltox and Robert Lancaster 
 Williams), have been established since 1874. 
 Mr. Williams, Sr., was, however, in the business 
 long before that, lie has lieen in it now about 
 a third of a centurv. 
 
 INTERIOR OF THE BANKING HOUSE OF JOHN L WILLIAMS & SONS. 
 
 chasers and their heirs, so long as they are the 
 owners of tlie propert}'. 
 
 The following is a listof the oflicers and direc- 
 tors of this company : 
 
 President, Charles R. Skixker; vice-presi- 
 dent and attorney, ^Iarsil\ll ^I. Gilliam ; act- 
 ingsecretary and treasurer, Berx.vrd I'evtox, .Tr. 
 
 Directors: John Addison, Thomas L. Al- 
 friend, Charles E. Belvin, .Tackson Brandt, 
 Ware B. Cray, Marshall M. (iilUam, William .T. 
 Johnson. AVilliani H. J^mes. William II. Pal- 
 
 Tliey are held as high authority upon .'South- 
 ern financial and developmental projects l)y 
 reason of the fact that, besides doing a remarka- 
 lile l)usiness in Southern investment securities, 
 they publish a Maniinl nf I))ri'f:liiii)itx, which is 
 the largest and most comprehensive woi-k of the 
 kind is.sued by any banking house in the worl<l. 
 This manual treats largely ujioii Southern rail- 
 road, municipal, state and general financial 
 interests, and is a standard work with bankers 
 and brokers evervwliere. 
 
90 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 Tlii'v do a general business as ])rivate bankere, 
 and, as brokere, pay six'cial attention to South- 
 ern interests in the various (inancial markets of 
 the country. Tliey Iiavi^ facilities also for exe- 
 cutinj: orders on the iMiroju'an exchanges. They 
 negotiate coninieri-ial pajjei- also, Imt do not 
 <liscount it. They do, in short, u general bank- 
 ing and brokerage' business for a Southern 
 patronage, and for capitalists and othere invest- 
 ing in Southern bonds, stocks or enterprise.s. 
 
 Thomas Br.vxch & Co., of the Merchants Bank 
 building, are private bankers and leading stock 
 brokei-s of the city. Their business was founded 
 by the late Thomas Branch, father of J. P. 
 KiiANcM, .senior member of the firm, and grand- 
 father of IJiATUK and .John Keku Bk.\ncii, who 
 are the junior mi'inbers. i\Ir. J. P. Branch is 
 l>resident of the Jlerchants Bank here. He was 
 in the busine.ss with his father duringhis lifetime, 
 for many years, and contiiuied in it after his 
 death. Mr. Thomas Branch had been a banker 
 and business man of Richmond and Petersburg 
 for fifty years, and bad accuimdated a large for- 
 tune thereby. 
 
 The house of 'I'homas I'.ranch t<; Co. is as well 
 known in New York and other large centers as 
 here. In its .specialty, the negotiation of State, 
 nuinicipal and other bonds of the South, it is 
 one of the most notable bouses of its line in the 
 land. 
 
 C. W. Bi!,vxcH ct Co. is the name under which 
 C. \\'. Branch has been engaged as a general 
 baidver and broker, at 1111 East Main street, 
 luM-e .since 1880. Mr. Branch is a son of the late 
 Thomas Branch, baidvcr, of this city. He was 
 raised to the business he follows. He is a mem- 
 ber of the Cn.AMiiKi! oi- Co.M.MEKCE, and prom- 
 inent in all movements calculated to advance 
 the city. He makes a specialty of stock broker- 
 age in Southern securities. lie has pi-ivate 
 wire to Norfolk, Washington, lialtimore, I'hil- 
 adeli)hia, Xew York, Boston and Chicago, and 
 does business for patrons located all over the 
 country. 
 
 The otlicr private banks of flic city arc tlio.se 
 of Kicn.M(i) \V. M.viitv, established fifty years 
 ago; L.\.Nc.\.sTKn & I^cckk, founded in IStis", and 
 esUiblished in New York also (the head of which, 
 Mr. li. A. Lancaster, wsis a Confederate States 
 treasury agent during the war); and W. L. 
 AV.Mn.No A Co. ; all three of them, like the 
 31e.ssrs. Williams and the two firms of the 
 Branches, doing a bi-okerage lousiness, largely 
 in Southern stocks and securities as a speciatty" ; 
 and all of them also long established ami pros- 
 ]>i-ious I'oncerns. 
 
 IXSL'H.VXCE BUSINESS. 
 
 BuiiMoxD has four local insurance compa- 
 nies — three fire and one life. The three fire 
 companies are the ^lutual Assurance Society, the 
 Virginia Fire and Marine Insurance Comi)any, 
 and the Virginia State Insurance Comjiany. 
 The life company is the Life Insurance Com- 
 jiany of N'irginia. 
 
 The total cajiital, surplus and reserve of the 
 two joint stock fire companies .lanuary 1, 1892, 
 was $9!)(5,000. The Mutual, being what its name 
 implies, makes no showing of capital. The 
 total assets of the three fire companies then was 
 §1,932,078. Their total receipts in LS'.ll were 
 1580,000. 
 
 The Life Insurance Comjiany of ^'irginia had 
 over $400,000 in receijits in 1891. Its cajiital 
 .stock is §100,000. 
 
 There are some thirty agencies for insurance, 
 local and State, at Richmond. Nearly every 
 home and foreign comjiany of any note doing 
 business is represented here. The Liverjiool 
 and London and (ilobe Insurance Comjiany 
 has one of its five American branches here, 
 and from the nature of its organization, with 
 directors resident here, may be considered 
 jiractically a local comjiany. 
 
 The grand total of insurance business here is, 
 by recent reports, $1,318,812 annually : $545,666 
 lire, $701,813 Ufe, and $71,333 accident. 
 
 The total insurance ujion the j>roperty endan- 
 gered by fire here in 1891 \\-as $809,(i47 : the in- 
 surance loss was §19(),190. 
 
 The insurance men of the city are organized 
 as a Bo.utD OF UxDEEnvmTEiis, ( ieorge D. Pleas- 
 ants, jircsident ; Ko. E. Richardson, secri'tary. 
 
 LOCAL COMl'AXIES llESCUIUEll. 
 
 The ViK(iiXL\ Eire axd Maklve IxsfiiAxcE 
 Co.Mi'Axv, which has its office at 1015 East .Main 
 street, has rendered its sixtieth annual state- 
 ment, showing, among other things, that it has ^ , 
 a cajiital stock of $2.50,000, and that its surjilus 
 over all liabilities was, on .January 1st, 1892, 
 $142,125, and its reserve .$245,811. Its as.sets at 
 the same time were $(i82,078 ; $148,4.53 of that 
 stocks and bonds ; $1 20,45;! real estate owned by 
 the comjiany in this city, .Alanchester and other 
 Jiarts of Virginia, and .S2.52,882 mortgage loans. 
 
 From this statement it ajijiears that its aggre- 
 gate annual income was but a trifle le.ss than 
 $340,000 for the year; that it bad jjaid in lo.sses 
 in the same time slightly under $200,000, and 
 returned in dividends during the same time 
 Uhe year ISliJi to Its stockholders >:2.'"i.0OO. It 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 91 
 
 had in force on thif^ same date, January 1st last, 
 *2:^,432,14S of insurance, as against ?lii,4(Jo,flii 
 two j'eare before. 
 
 This (•onii>any has agents throughout the 
 Soutii, and also in a large number of the Xorth- 
 <'rn and Western eities. It has a reiHitation of 
 the most sulistantial eharacter. Its president, 
 William H. Palmeu, is president also of the 
 City Bank. Its secretary, AV. H. ilcCAiniiY, has 
 held that position for the last twelve years. 
 
 Its directors are : E. O. Xolting, tobacco mer- 
 chant, capitalist, and president of the National 
 Hank of Virginia, and Belgian consul here : Cap- 
 tain (t. W. Allen, managerfor the Old Dominion 
 :Steamship Company here; K. B. Addison, of 
 Allison tt Addison, fertilizer manufacturers ; 
 Thomas Potts, of Potts & Co., wholesale grocers ; 
 1). 0. Davis, of Brown, Davis & Atkins, whole- 
 sale grocers ; and Francis T. A\'illis, capitalist. 
 
 Hill's cor|>s in the civil war. He is a director 
 of the Mutual Assurance Society, and of the 
 J. L. Hill Printing Company here, and is also 
 
 MUTUAL ASSURANCE SOCIETY'S BUILDING 
 
 President Palmer of this company is one of 
 the notables of this city, socially as well as in a 
 Ijusiness way. He was adjutant-general in .\. P. 
 
 VIRGINIA FIRE AND MARINE INbURANk^t ^.uiViHAi-Jt S 
 BUILDING 
 
 largely interested in real estate lu'ivaliouts. This 
 company has a memljership also in the (ham- 
 
 Ki;u OF COMMEHCE. 
 
 Tlie JIfTtAL ASSIRAXCK SorlKlV iiF \'ll:(,INIA 
 
 is one of the oldest, if it is not, indeed, tbe old- 
 est, insurance organization in America. It was 
 tnundeil in 17114, and is, therefore, very nearly a 
 centenarian. It has survived during its long life 
 (wo wars aft'ecting the city in wliicli it is estab- 
 lished (the city of Richmond l^tlie War of 1812 
 :ind the Civil War — out of whicb it came badly 
 ciipjiled, but still a living body coqwrate. It has 
 Mirvived all the panics and jieriods of depression 
 iif the century past — that following the Revo- 
 lution, that after the second contest with Great 
 P>ritain. that of l.S.'!7, of IS'i", of the last war, and 
 those still within the memory of living business 
 men. Its records are remini.^cent of illustrious 
 names, such as that of .lohn Marshall, chief jus- 
 tice of the Supreme Court of the United States, 
 in the early part of the iiresent century : of 
 
92 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 Riwliroil Wa.-'liinfiton. iu'|>Ik-\v to tlu' Father of 
 Onr Country, and a supieine justice also ; of Ed- 
 mund Randoliili, one of the signei-s, and the 
 att(iniey-t;eneral of Washington's cabinet; of 
 Littleton Tazewell, {lovenior of the 01<1 Domin- 
 ion ; and others notable in public life, have borne 
 a part in its direction. In times past, too, the 
 city lit Richmond lias been indebted to it for 
 many benetits, amonirthem, tlie jirovision of the 
 city's original water supply and its first lire 
 engine. 
 
 Its reserve fund was almost swejit away by 
 the war. I'ractically it began anew in 18(i."i. 
 Hut it paid, nevertheless, $1.50,000 of the los.ses 
 it sustained during the four years of hostili- 
 ties, while every other insurance company of 
 tile South closed out and abandoned business 
 altogether. 
 
 Tliis company has paid nearly $4,000,000 
 losses since its foundation, and has discharged 
 promptly all its legal obligations. It is, strictly 
 speaking, a mutual company, a society whose 
 niembeivhip, and likewise whose policies, are 
 penuanent ; for while annual policies are issued 
 for special risks, its usual form of policy is a 
 continuous risk. Ry its statement of December 
 1st, ISid, it appears that its premium business 
 now aggregates about ?40,000 a year ; that it has 
 a.«sets (including its oHice and building in the 
 city of Kichmoud, value<l at Ji:'.7,.')00) of .$870,000. 
 Its ollicers are experienced underwriters, and 
 its directors sub.stantial men. Its ]irincii)al agent 
 is M. .\. Ci.AinouNK, a lawyer by profession, a 
 bank director, and an insurance man of twenty- 
 six years experience. Its secretary is Fk.ink D. 
 STE(iEi!, whose experience extends over eighteen 
 years in the business. 
 
 The directors are : William II. Palmer, presi- 
 dent of the City Bank, and of the Virginia Fire 
 and Marine Insurance Company ; E. O. Xolting, 
 ilealer in tobacco, and in-esiilent of the National 
 Hank of \'irginia ; William I'. ( iray, dealer in 
 leaf tobacco; .lames W. Allison, of Allision & 
 .Sildison, mannfai-turei-s of fertilizers; T. JI. 
 Kntherfoord, also a dealer in tobacco ; and 
 .Alfred T. Harris, .Ir., engaged in the same hne. 
 
 This company has agents at Heter.sburg, Nor- 
 folk, Lynchburg and other large cities of the 
 State, and its business is, by the terms of its 
 cliarter, conlined to the Commonwealth. Its 
 otiice is at 1014 ICast JIain street. An engraving 
 of its exterior accoini)anies this matter. 
 
 The \iKoixi.v .Stati-: Ixsihaxci.; Compaxy, 
 lOOti Main street (the Shafer building), is an 
 ol<l company and a solid one. It was organized 
 
 right after the war. It has $200,000 capital 
 paid in, and on December 1st, 1891, it had a 
 surplus of $.55,2.50 and a reserve of $102,889. 
 .\t the date of the last available statement its 
 total assets in bonds, real estate, cash and loans 
 on mortgage, were, in round numbers, $880,000. 
 
 This Company does business chiefly in the 
 State of N'irginia. It has 6.'! agents in the Old 
 Dominion. It has a very high standing among 
 the Southern Insurance corporations, and spe- 
 cial favor in the City of Richmond. During 
 the year 1891 it made remarkable progress — its 
 business more than doubled. 
 
 The officers and directors of the company are 
 solid men of the city. N. V. Kandoi^mi, its 
 president, is the owner of the Randolph Papei'- 
 Box Factory, the largest concern of that kind 
 in the United States. 
 
 The directors are : George L. Christian, attor- 
 ney-at-law, who is also vice-president of the com- 
 pany ; N. W. Bowe, real estate agent ; E. T. D. 
 flyers, president of the Richmond Fredericks- 
 burg and Potomac Railroad Company ; John S. 
 ICIlett, i^resident of the State Bank of Virginia ; 
 S. H. Hawes, coal merchant ; Dr. .John ila- 
 hony, dentist ; F. Sitterding, contractor ; .lohn 
 Pope, of the Allen & Ginter Branch of the 
 American Tobacco Company ; .1. M. Fourciu- 
 rean, of Fourqurean, Price & Co., dry goods, 
 and L. D. Crenshaw, .Tr., of the Ilaxall Crenshaw 
 Flour ^lining Company. 
 
 The secretary and general manager is ^Ir. 
 Ro. E. RiciiAKOsoN, who has been secretary 
 for ten j'ears, and twenty-one years with the 
 company altogether. He has had life-long ex- 
 l)erience as an underwriter. He was with the 
 A'irginia Fire and Marine Insurance Comjiany 
 before he engaged with this one. The assistant 
 secretary is Mr. Citarmss K. Willis, wliose 
 father was secretary of this company at one 
 time. He, also, has had many years of expe- 
 rience. The solicitors of the comjiany are L. 
 F. Mason and .loseph (ierring. Roi'.krt Lkcky, 
 .In., is its special agent. 
 
 The statement of the Like lNsrR.\x<'E Co.m- 
 i'.\xv OF VtRoiNiA for 1892 was being prepared 
 as this cbajiter went to press. It will be found 
 along with the sketch of the company in the 
 snpiilementary chapter of the book. 
 
 Davenport i^ Co., liankers and brokers, and 
 general agents for \'irginia, ^\'est A"irginia and 
 North Carolina, for the Liverpool and Loxdox 
 .\Ni)GLonE Ixsur.\xce Co.MPAXv, are established 
 at 1 1 K! East Main street, in a building owned by 
 that company, which, by the by, is the only 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 93 
 
 Hii-cii;ii ciinijjany doin;^- Inisinens in \'iri;iiH;i 
 tliat owns real estace in the city. 
 
 This house has for principals Isa.\c Havk.n- 
 i-(ii:t, Jr., one of its founders, Cn.\r.i.Ks K. 
 A\'iiKTnAM, also one of its foiuiders, (i. A. 
 Daveximikt, and V. Xf.wtox. yir. I. Davenjinrt 
 has imictically withdrawn from active i>artici- 
 Ijation in the management however. He is 
 interested likewise in the liouse of Davenport & 
 Morris, wholesale grocers here, the largest house 
 in that line south of New York, and he has in- 
 vestments in fertilizer factoi'ies ami varimis 
 other enterprises here. Mr. 'Wortliam is a 
 director (if the Union Bank of Richmond, ami 
 Jlr, ( i. A. Davenport, of the First National 
 Bank. The firm has a membership in the 
 
 CnAMHElt ol' COMMEUCE. 
 
 of tSoutliern investment securities, and are 
 largely engaged in buying and selling st(M-ks on 
 commission. As general agents for the Liver- 
 
 
 HOME OFFICE PENN MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE CO., 
 921 to 925 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. 
 
 PLEASANTS & HALL, - GENERAL AGENTS, 
 Richmond. Virginia. 
 
 Davenport & Co. have been established since 
 ISfil, and have had the agency for the Liverpool 
 and London and Globe Insurance Company 
 since 186.5. As bankers, they make a specialty 
 
 LIVERPOOL AND LONDON AND GLOBE INSURANCE CO'S 
 BUILDING AT RICHMOND. 
 
 pool ami Lcjudon and < dolie Insurance Company 
 (the character of which is so well known that it 
 seems hardly necessary here to go into details 
 concerning it), they do an extraordinary busi- 
 ness. Their ijremium business last year (1892) 
 alone aggregated $17-5,000. 
 
 The cut accompan}'ing this matter is from a 
 photograi.ih showing the Liverpool and London 
 and Globe Insurance (!'iiiiiipany's offices here. 
 
 Pi.E-VSAXTs & Hall, 1117 East Main street, 
 are the general agents for Mrginia of the 
 Pens MurrAi, Life Ixslkaxce Co.iti-Axv of 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 This company Wiis organized in 1.847, and has 
 a high and honorable record of forty-fi\'e years' 
 length. It has assets of S2O,000,00O. and a 
 surplus of .$L',.500.000. 
 
 The "Penn" has financial strenth unsur- 
 passed by any company ; it exercises the 
 strictest moral integrity, honesty and liljerality 
 with its policy holdere. 
 
',14 
 
 Till-: cri'V ON THE JAMES. 
 
 It is oni" nf tlu' oiliest lifi' coiuiiiinics in 
 Ainerica; it is nhvays ronservative and careful 
 in the investment nf its funds and selection of 
 its risks; its business has been safe and prollt- 
 liljle ; it is jiurely mutual; //•■.■ iniHrii-liulilcrH iirv 
 
 lIlC I'DIII/MIIIII. 
 
 Kiir forty-live years it has furnished reliable 
 insurance at minimum cost — its average annual 
 returns of surplus (dividends) beingexceeded by 
 no other companv. d'rrdliifxx, mil liir/iifxn, i.i its 
 J>isliiii-tiiiii. (Ireatuess in streuLith, experience, 
 liberality, manafjement. 
 
 The "Peiin" issues all forms of life, endow- 
 ment, and partnership |policies. and trust 
 certilicates. 
 
 Jfs f/olififs II ff itirinilr.slifh/r mill inni-fin'ft'itllhli'. 
 
 This cotni)any's ]>lans provide against loss by 
 discontinuance of jiolicy. ^tembers are granted 
 "paid-up" insunmei', nrtlufiill pnlirii ix "I'.itnuli'il" 
 for US nifliiif i/i'itrs lunl ilnt/s as tin risrrri ruliir iri/l 
 mrrii il. The "I'enn's" system of rush loriits 
 on its policies, is a very desiralilc featuic. The 
 company agrees to loan (ili per cent, of the 
 reserve value at tlu' legal rate of interest, thus 
 warding tlic insure<l against lapse, and en- 
 hancing the \ahu' of the policy as iimrkiliih/c 
 
 Clllllllfl-llt. 
 
 Messrs. Pleasants c<; Hull have brm general 
 agents of this comi)any fur uliout three years, 
 and have local agents and solicitors represent- 
 ing them in dillereiit parts of the State. 
 
 Mr. Fri:i). 1'i.k.\s,\nts, of this (irm, was for- 
 merly in the fire insurance business lieiv as 
 a partner in the agency of Ceorge 1>. Pleasants 
 c*c .*^on. lie is wi'll known in business circles, 
 and is prominent as a member of the City Dem- 
 ocratic Conuiiiltee ; captain and aid on the staff 
 of Brigadier-deneral Anderson's A' irginia \olun- 
 teers, and prominent as a member of the .Masonic 
 ( >rder — as jjast master of his lodges generalissimo 
 of his eonimandery and chier rabbaii of the 
 Mystic Shrine. 
 
 Mr. Cixxixcu.vM II.vi.i, isa nativeof this city. 
 IVfore he entered the in.surance business, he 
 wa.s a travelling man representing a Richmond 
 house, and, for several years, New York tirnis. 
 I le is ex-captain of company " C," First A'irginia 
 Regiment, and is an energetic and well posted 
 insurance man. 
 
 The Tn.\VEi.i.i:n.s iNsrii.wci: Co.mi-a.w of Hart- 
 ford, Connecticut, has lately established a gen- 
 eral agency for \'iiginia, West Viiginia, and 
 Sontli Carolina in this city, with (Ikorge A. 
 P.RowxiNti in charge. Under him have been 
 placed the P2.3 sub-agents of the company in 
 the three States named. 
 
 The Travellers is so well known by reijutation 
 everywhere, that it seems unnecessaiy to go 
 into any great detail concerning it. It is one 
 of the leading life companies of the country ; i.s 
 the oldest, and, beyond dispute, the leading 
 ac<'ident company, not of this country alone, 
 but of the world. It was organized twenty-nine 
 years ago on a small scale, but it has grown so, 
 under the very excellent management of capa- 
 ble otiicials, especially in the last twenty years, 
 tliat it now has assets of over |l-t,000,Oo6, and 
 a sur|)his as to policy-hcililers of more than $1',- 
 ."illO.dilO. 
 
 It issues all the desirable forms of life poli- 
 cies that have been introduced, and makes 
 much of its specialty, "extended insurance," by 
 which the policy-holder does not forfeit or lose 
 any of his payments should he fail to meet his 
 premium. A paid-up and cash .surrender value 
 is guaranteed in all of its jiolicies. 
 
 Its oifiee here was established (.)ctoVjer h, ],Sil2, 
 It had a large business before that Ln this field, 
 and was represented by one of the ordinary in- 
 surance agencies of the city ; but its liusiness 
 has grown so of late years that it was found 
 necessary to have a distinct departmental man- 
 agement. Mr. Browning, the agent here, has 
 been engaged in the life insurance business for 
 ten years. He has had a long and varied ex- 
 l)erience of it. He was in it for three years in 
 South Carolina before he was assigned here. 
 Pie is a Kentuckian, and an energetic and pro- 
 gressive man. 
 
 The liichmond otiice of this ciuiipaiiy is at 
 1L'12 East Main street. 
 
 ^roN'T.vc.vE & Co., general insurance agents, of 
 02:;! East Main street, are the representati\-es of 
 the following companies in the city of Kich- 
 mond : The (Jueen of America, ■which has a 
 capital of!f;;!00,000, and assets of $:i,LSl,000 ; the 
 Pondon .\ssurance Corporation of London, Ijig- 
 land, gross American assets $1,442,000 ; the Lion 
 I'^re of London, American assets S7.50,000 ; the 
 Connecticut Fire of Hartford, Conn., capital 
 §1,000,000, and assets §2, 6:52, 000 ; the Georgia 
 Home of Columbus, Ga., casli capital -$.300, 000, 
 assets .STlOiOOO ; and the Insurance Company of 
 Xorth America, capital s.3,000,()00 and assets 
 .•?!),000,000. 
 
 This is one of the oldest agencies of the city. 
 The senior partner in it, ~SU: 3. IT. Montacce, 
 indeed, was an underwriter here before the 
 war. He was president of the Merchants 
 Insurance Company here, in the palmy ante- 
 bellum days, and when it wound up its afl'airs 
 in conseijuence of the hazards of the contiict, he 
 
THE ("ITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 95 
 
 re-estalilislied liiiiiPclf nii his own nccimnt. He 
 has been proniinent as an individual nnder- 
 writer liere since ISliri, wlien he lie^'an anew. 
 
 THOS. L. ALFRIEND, Insurance. 
 
 furty snliai;eneies, and several travelling; solic- 
 itors, with whose assistance he has made it avery 
 popular company everywhere in tluit district. 
 The Washington had. at last accniints, over $11,- 
 0110,000 assets. It is the only cnuipaiiy whose 
 dividends are premium paying and policy pro- 
 tecting for their full amount, without notice to 
 the insured and without medical re-examination. 
 
 In addition to it, he rejiresents companies 
 wlio.se assets, pins those nl' the Washington, 
 aggregate $oo,000,000. These companies are 
 the Travelers, of llartforil, an accident ccmipany, 
 whose assets are ?l-,J'i(),(l(ill ; the I lome, of New 
 York, a tire company witli $'.l,(lilii,{l00 assets ; 
 the I'lKenix .Vssurance Company, of London, 
 with s;7, 000,000 assets ; the ( 'ale<lonian, of Scot- 
 land, with $7,00(1,0(10 assets; the Delaware, of 
 I'hiladelphia, with $l,:;O0,0O(l ; the (leorgia 
 Home, of Columbus, (ia., 81,0(i(»,()(lO : the P.ns- 
 ton :Marine, of Boston, with 8l',.')II(),(I(K) ; Hart- 
 ford Steam Boiler Insi)ecti(in and Insurance, of 
 Hartford, with $1,000,(100 assets. 
 
 Mr. Alfriend is a director of the Citizens 
 Bank, and of the \'irginia ^lercantile and Safe 
 Deposit Company. He is a member also of the 
 ( 'n.\.MUKR oi' Co.MMEiic i:. He is a veteran of 
 Parker's Battery, and uf the I'ifteenth Virginia 
 Infantrv, C. S. A. 
 
 His son, ^Ir. Peucv >IoxT..ii;rE, who isas.sociated 
 with him, has been his partner since liS7."i. 
 
 Mr. ,Iohn II. ^lontague is prominent also in 
 other connections here. He is president of the 
 Merchants and Planters PJank, of the Virginia 
 Paper Company, of the ^larshall ^lannfacturing 
 (.'ompany, operating a large cotton mill here, and 
 is the head of other organizations of that sort. 
 He is also treasurer of the Lisbon and Richmond 
 and ilanchester Land Companies, and of the 
 CH.\jtBEi! OF Commerce, In the last named 
 capacity, he is one of the subjects of the frontis- 
 piece of this work. 
 
 Titos. L. Alfriexd, general insurance agent, nf 
 120:^) Main street, is a son of Thomas ISI. Alfriend, 
 who was engaged in the insurance busine.ss here 
 from 183.3 to 1885. He has not been in any 
 other line himself since the war. He was 
 trained to the busine.ss under his father, ami in 
 1879 .started in it on his own account. 
 
 ^[r. .\lfriend is the agent here for nine com- 
 jianies, among them, tire, life, marine, boiler, 
 explosion, postal and wind-storm companies. 
 He is general agent for the W.isurxGTOx Life 
 Insur.\xce Comp.vxy of Xew York, in the terri- 
 tory embraced by Virginia, West Virginia and 
 Xorth Carolina, and in this field has thirty or 
 
 
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 ^B 
 
 
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 -*<• 
 
 f^W 
 
 
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 r 
 
 T 
 
 V 
 
 ^^^ 
 
 *-5 
 
 Wk 
 
 GEO. D. PLEASANTS, Insurance. 
 
 Geohce D. PLE.iSAXTS & Sox are in the insu- 
 ance business at 1104.] ^Main street. Both are 
 
m 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 \irf.'iiiiiiiis liy birth, ;iii(l, liUr thi'ir aiKv^torj; for 
 iiuiiiy genenitioiif, always identified with Rich- 
 mond. Mr. I'l.KASANTs. Sr.. owned and farmed 
 
 And they art' also ap'iits of the Hamljnrg- 
 Hremen, of Hambiir<>, (lermany, tlie assets of 
 whieh are .-?!, 22.1,000. 
 
 Theii' latest acqnisition in tlie way of a solid 
 ]prcitection for their patrons, is the Caledonian, 
 of i;dinl)nr)rh, the oldest, and possibly the only 
 .Scottish fompany doinfr business in this State. 
 It is a very stirmj;' company, with a surplus of 
 many millions to l)aek it. 
 
 r>. V. \\'iii':i:i!V, general insuran<-e agent, has 
 lieen in the insurance business (in all its 
 branches) for many years. lie has lived in 
 Uichmond all his life. He attended when a 
 boy .some of the iirineipal schools of the city, 
 and at sixteen years of age his father sent hiui 
 to the Virginia Military Institute at Lexington,- 
 \'a., where he remained for four years, and after 
 going through the entire course of that mstitu- 
 tion, graduated just as the war began. 
 
 'file Hon. .lohn Letcher, of Lexington. \'a., 
 who always luul a fondness for the cor|is of 
 cadets, was at this time governor of the State, 
 and Mr. Wherry I'cadily obtained from him a 
 commission as lieutenant in the First liattalion 
 of Virginia liegulars. Xearly all the oHici'fs of 
 this battalion wen- graduates of the Virginia Mil- 
 
 B. C. WHERRY, Insurance 
 
 ]iroperty near this city earlier in life, but in 
 IS?.') engsiged in his iire.sent business, and by 
 energy and intelligent business methods, has 
 elevated himself to a position of iirominence 
 and prosperity. He is at present president of 
 the Board of Underwriters of Uichmond. The 
 junior partner in this agency, Mr. Artiur L. 
 Pi.K.vs.vxTS, is a young man of fine business 
 talents, and, seemingly, especially adapted to 
 insurance matters and methods. His fair-deal- 
 ing traits and complete knowledge of the lousi- 
 ness, indicate him one of the coming men in 
 the profession. 
 
 Among other companies represented bv this 
 tirm is the old and reliable Agricultural Insur- 
 ance Company of Watertown, N. V. (assets 
 8-', 250, 000), foi- which <'ompany they hax'e been 
 general agents for the jiast eighteen years. 
 
 They also have the agency of the oldest insur- 
 ance company in the world, the Sun of London, 
 organized in the year 1710. This comjiany has 
 a surplus of more than S8,000,000. It has over 
 $2,500,000 in stocks, bonds and mortgages to 
 the credit of it,s branch in this country. 
 
 They al.so control the business here of the 
 Kochester-German, of Rochester, N. Y., with 
 a.«sets of nearly a nullion of dollars. 
 
 D. R MIDYETTE, 
 Southern Agent of the Brool<lyn Life. 
 
 itary Institute. I'lion n'ccipt ol' this commission. 
 .Mr. Wherry was ordered to report to Oeneral 
 Stonewall Jackson, to whom, as profe.s.sor, he 
 
THK CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 07 
 
 hail often recited at the Vh-ginia ^Mihtarj- In- 
 stitute. ^Mr. Whem-, with his comnianci, was 
 with General Jackson through his Valley cani- 
 l>aigns, anil also during the hattles around 
 Riihniond ; in fact up to the time < teneral .lack- 
 son I'eceived his death wound, when the hattal- 
 ion was, hy (teneral Lee's order, attacheil to 
 his headquarters as provost guard of the Army 
 of Northern Virginia. 
 
 On the ilth of April, lS(i."), Mr. Wherry surren- 
 dered with his command at .\piHiuiattox Court- 
 h<:)use, and two days thereafter, started honre 
 afoot, lie reached Richmond in three days. 
 Finding that his friends, Messrs. ^lontague and 
 W'lntall, had started an insurance agency, he 
 solirited and secured a position with them, and 
 at once took charge of their fii-e and marine de- 
 partments. In April, 1861), the Virginia Home 
 Insurance Company was chartered and started 
 liusiness, and ^Ir. AVherry was ele<'ted assistant 
 secri'tary liy the lioanl of directors. In the early 
 l)art of the year, 1877, Mr. David .1. liurr, the 
 secretary, resigned, and Air. Wherry was elected 
 to succeed him. The Virginia Home was, how- 
 ever, a small company in respect of assets, and on 
 that account not able to compete with the lai-ge 
 .\merican and English comjianies ; so the board 
 of directors on the 4th of December, 1884, deter- 
 mined to reissue all of their outstamling liahili- 
 ties and go out of the insurance business. A 
 contract was maile with the Pluvnix Assurance 
 Company, of London, and that comiianyat once 
 appointed Mr. Wherry agent for the city of 
 Richmond, which appointment resulted in his 
 going into the general insurance business. 
 
 The following companies are now represented 
 by Mr. Wherry : The Pluenix Assurance Com- 
 jiany, of London, established 110 years ago, 
 with assets in this country of !?2,.54li,8i)4.4(l ; the 
 Connnercial Union Assurance, of London, with 
 assets in the I'nited States of S3,.5sri,05S.9,S : the 
 Fire Association of Philadelphia, assets S."),0<)7,- 
 851.74 ; the Thames and Mei-sey Marine Insur- 
 ance Company, of London, assets $4,401, 002.i)3 ; 
 the .American Employers Liability (accident) 
 Insurance Company, assets S347,5B7. 
 
 With these companies Mr. AVherry is enabled 
 to transact a general fire, marine, accident and tor- 
 nado insurance, with focilities for life and boiler 
 insurance also. He has been very successful in the 
 business ; is regarded, indeed, as one of the fore- 
 most underwriters of the State. He has accumu- 
 lated property by close attention to his occupation 
 and has banking and other local interests, among 
 ethers, in the Merchants and Planters Savings 
 Bank nf the city, of which he is a director. 
 
 Air. AVheri-y's office is in the State P.ank liuild- 
 nig, Xo. 1111 East Main street. 
 
 D. R. AIiDYETTE, Southern manager for the 
 Fidelity Alutual Life Association of Philadelphia, 
 has ottices located at Xo. 1111 Alain street, in 
 the midst of the financial and insurance quarter 
 of the city. The}- occu])\' a position on the 
 busiest portion of this busy street, and are fitted 
 up in most elegant and convenient style to 
 promote the prompt transaction of the affairs 
 lieculiar to an agency of such importance. 
 
 The Fidelity is not only holding the i-(Piili- 
 deiicc of the people on its merits, but is making 
 new records and winning fresh laurels each 
 year. La.'^t year it had the distinction of hold- 
 ing first place among life conqianies in jier cent- 
 age of inci'ease of new business and increase in 
 cash surplus. 
 
 It has had a steady substantial growth from its 
 beginning, and now numbers over 1(),000 mem- 
 Ijcre, among whom are many of the most prom- 
 inent men of the connnunities in which its 
 agencies are located. It lias jiiled uj) a surplus 
 in a few years of over half a million dollars, and 
 no company has a better record. 
 
 Mr. Alidyette is a thorough insurance man, 
 and is awake to the interest of his jiolicy-liolders 
 as well as of his company. He is full of energy, 
 and accomplishes his task where men of less 
 enterprise would fail. He has exhibited rare 
 ability in organizing tlu' Southern business of 
 theFidelity Alutual Life Association, which leads 
 many of the older agencies in volume ainl char- 
 acter of business done. 
 
 He is ably assisted by Air. C. S. Hubbell, 
 superintendent of agencies, who also has rare 
 talent in his line, and by Mr. C. S. Powkll, 
 cashier, superintendent of the general agency 
 here, a man of peculiar abilities for the place. 
 
 Richmond is looked on throughout a large por- 
 tion of the South as an important insurance 
 center, and no one factor has done more to in- 
 spire this confidence than the Fidelity Mutual 
 Life Association of Philadelphia, under Air. 
 Midyette's management. 
 
 AV. L. Seddon & Co., managers of the South- 
 ern department of the Amerkwn Employers' 
 Li.\i!ii,iTv IssuR.\NCE CoMP.^sY, liave territory 
 extending from the Gulf of Alexico to the Ohio 
 river. The members of this firm are AV. L. 
 Seddon and H. D. Eichelberger. They have 
 offices at 27i AVhitehall street, Atlanta, (ia., and 
 1106 Main street, Richmond, A'a. Air. Seddon, 
 the senior member of the firm, is located in 
 Atlanta, Ga.. and Afr. Eichelberger in Richmond, 
 A'a.. Both gentlemen are thoroughly familiar 
 
98 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 witli their res|>oi-tive departmcnta, and, buyoml 
 any lioubt, they write as miieh business', in tlieir 
 line, as (if not more than) any firm in tlie Sontli. 
 
 SAMUEL H. BOWMAN, 
 Of Bowman & Mowery, Insurance Agents. 
 
 W. L. Seddon & Co. employ regularly fifteen 
 clerks and travelling solicitors, and have agencies 
 in all the principal cities and towns in their 
 territory. 
 
 Their city busines.s in Richmond is manageil 
 by Thomas A. Bka.nder & Co., men of exi)eri- 
 ence and of nuieh prominence. The Atlanta 
 city business is under the control of Mr. Blair 
 Ba.n-isti;k, one of the most agressive and reliable 
 underwriters in the South. 
 
 B0W.MAN & MowEKY, general agents of the 
 Brooklyn Life Insurance Company of New- 
 York, for Virginia and the District of Columbia, 
 are established here at 8 North Tenth street. 
 
 Mr. .Samuel H. Bowman, of this firm, was 
 born in Rockingham county, Va., March 8th, 
 1848. At thirteen years of age he came to 
 Richmond and worked in such positions as he 
 could secure until 1873, when lie accepted a 
 liosition with the Adams Express (^omjiany, 
 with whom he remained until 1881 ; then he 
 l)ecame express and baggage agent for the Rich- 
 mond and Allegliany Railroad Company, and 
 occupied this position until 1887, when he ac- 
 ci-pteil the ofrice of agent of the United .States 
 
 ■'Express Company in this city ; and in 1888, in 
 cimjuni'tion with it, he represented the New- 
 York Life Insurance Company. 
 
 In February, 1890, he accepted the general 
 agency of the Brooklyn Life Insurance Com- 
 ]>any of New' York, for the State of Virginia, 
 and has continued in this connection ever since. 
 In March, 18H2, he was lirought into corres- 
 l>ondence w-ith jNIr. Ira flowery, of Atlanta, 
 Cia., through the Brooklyn Life Insurance 
 Company, w-hich correspondence resulted in 
 Mr. Mowery' s removal to Richmond and part- 
 nership -with Mr. Bowman in the life insurance 
 business. 
 
 Mr. Bowman ^vas married in 1874 to Miss 
 .\nnie M. Martin, of this city. He is an active 
 and efficient member of the Methodist Epi.sco- 
 pal church, is a member of the Richmond How- 
 itzers Association, Richmond Commandery, No. 
 •J, Knights Templar, Temple Lodge, No. 9, A. 
 F. and A. M., Capitol Lodge, Knights of Honor, 
 and McCarthy Lodge, Royal Arcanum. He is 
 also a member of the Chamber of Commerce, 
 and is considered a progressive busine.ss man. 
 He is located at 'Washington City, at iiresent. 
 
 IRA MOWERt 
 Of Bowman & Mowery, Insurance Agents. 
 
 as the general agent of the Bi-ookljn Life In- 
 surance Company, and is also connected still 
 w-ith the United States Express Company. 
 
THE CITY C)N THE JAAffiS. 
 
 119 
 
 Mr. Ira Mowery was born at i\It. Bethel, 
 N. J., about forty-one years ago. He received 
 a thorougli common school education, and after- 
 wards took a course in Free's Business College, 
 l-'-aston, I'a. At the age of sixteen he entered 
 the large mercantile house of the Oxford Iron 
 Company at Oxford, X. J., and served a regular 
 commercial ajiprenticeship therein, tinally work- 
 ing his way up to the highest position under 
 the superintendency, and was afterwards given 
 an interest in another important mercantile 
 cstablisliment. 
 
 Mr. Mowery tirst came South in IS7L'. He 
 located first at Vicksburg, Miss. Here, how- 
 ever, his health failed him after two years' 
 residence, and he returned North in a bad way ; 
 liut after some time he recuperated and jour- 
 neyed South again ; this time settling in .Jack- 
 sonville, Fla. 
 
 There he remained until the spring of IS87, 
 and then moved to Atlanta, Ga. At the or- 
 ganization of a Co-operative Insurance and 
 Endowment Order in that city, Mr. Mowery 
 was elected seci-etary and continued his re- 
 lations with it until Api-il of last year, when 
 he came to Richmond and associated himself 
 with Mr. Bowman, in this agency of the Brook- 
 lyn Life. 
 
 Mr. Mowery has been twice married; first to 
 Miss Clara Bockover, daughter of Mr. .1. H. 
 Bcjckover, of New York ; .she died in Florida, 
 in 1SS(). In April, 1891, Mr. Mowery was again 
 married to iSIiss Lizzie Boclvover, daugliter of 
 :\Ir. B. T. Bockover, of Norfolk. Mr. Mowery 
 has made many business and social friends in 
 Richmond, and has shown himself a thorough 
 gentleman and a successful life insurance man. 
 He was largely instrumental in organizing the 
 N'irginia Society for the I'revention of Cruelty 
 to Animals, of which he is secretary, and he lias 
 written two series of letters recounting his ob- 
 servations of the South, which have been pub- 
 lished in the Northern press. Tliese letters 
 describe something of the wonderful material 
 development of this section, and defends its 
 people against some of the \mjust aspersions that 
 are current among many miinformed residents 
 of the North. 
 
 Peyton & Sinton, general insurance agents, 
 are located at 101 6 East Main street. They repre- 
 sent a tirst-class line of companies, among wliich 
 are the Scottish Union and National Fire Insur- 
 ance Company of Edinburgh, having assets in 
 the United States to the amount of $1,81)0,000 ; 
 the Lion Fire Insurance Company, of London, 
 with assets in the United States of $837,000; 
 
 (iuarilian Fire Assurance Company of Londnu, 
 with assets in the United States, of §1,785,000, 
 and the Commercial I'nion Assurance Company 
 of London, with assets of $.3,2.34,000. 
 
 Mr. Thomas G. Peyton, the senior member 
 of this tirni is a Virginian, and son of General 
 Bernard Peyton, who was postmaster at Rich- 
 mond foi' many years. He is special agent and 
 adjuster for the Guardian Fire Insurance Com- 
 pany (before mentioned) in the States of "\'ir- 
 ginia. North ami South Carolina, Georgia and 
 Alaliama. 
 
 ^Ir. Samuel Si.\ton, the other member of the 
 tirm, is a native of Richmond. He lias lived 
 here always. He was a member of tlie hard- 
 ware firm of C. J. Sinton & Co. before the war, 
 and was connected with the Treasury Dejiart- 
 nient of the Confederacy during it. 
 
 WiM.iAM D. Rr'K, insurance agent of li North 
 Tenth street (the Tiiiif.i building), is representa- 
 tive of the London Assurance Corporation, 
 one of the oldest fire companies of Great Britain. 
 It was established in 1720 ;" it has gross assets of 
 nearly .§19,000.000, and a paid up capital of 
 $2,000,000. Its assets in the United States are 
 $1,750,000. To secure its policy-holders it has a 
 deposit of $50,000 of the city of Riclnnond bonds 
 with the treasurer of the State of Virginia. 
 
 Mr. Rice has been with this company for four- 
 teen years. He was formerly its general agent 
 for the South. His cluties in that connection 
 required him to travel largely, and tiring of that, 
 at length, he abandoned his general agency and 
 settled here. He is a native of Farm ville, a B. L. 
 of the University of Virginia, a lawyer by pro- 
 fession, and a Confederate veteran. During 
 the war he was scout and courier for General 
 R. E. Lee. 
 
 He is interested largely in real estate at Nor- 
 folk, Va., and in North Carolina, and in de- 
 velopmental projects here and in other parts 
 of the South. He is secretary of the Guarantee 
 Building Loan and Trust Association of this city, 
 secretary and treasurer of the Southern Man- 
 ganese Company, of King's Mountain, North 
 Carolina, and is director of the Bessemer City 
 ]\Iining and jNIanufiicturing Company of the city 
 of same name in North Carolina. 
 
 It should be remembered that in adilition to 
 its deposit with tlie treasurer of the State, the 
 London Assurance corporation is one of the 
 foreign companies operating under the strin- 
 gent laws of the Old Country, which, in itself, 
 is substantial surety to its policy-holders of 
 indemnity, under their contracts with it, for 
 the losses thev sustain. 
 
 L.OfC. 
 
]U0 
 
 TllK CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 John H. Wkst, life insuraiicv ugt'iit, of 1110 
 East IMaiii street, is the reiivesentative of tlie 
 
 HENRY B. HYDE, 
 President Equitable Life Assurance Society of New York. 
 
 Equitable Life Assurance Society of the 
 United States in the eitv of liichiuond, and in 
 
 ARMORY OF THE STATE VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 The volume of the husiness transacted l)y him 
 for the eompany can be measured hy the fact 
 tliat he has tifteen travelling agents and sixteen 
 local representatives in his employ. 
 
 The Eiiuitable challenges a denial of the state- 
 ment that it holds a larger surplus, writes a 
 lai'ger annual husiness, and has a larger amount 
 of insurance in force than any other company 
 in the world. The death claims against it in 
 18!)1 were 2,:j7(), and the paynients made, 
 $S,iM(),l.V.', of which nearly ?i.'i,O0O,O0O were 
 )>aid within a day of the presentation of satis- 
 factory pi'oof of death; while nearly four-tifths 
 of the wliirlc amount was paid witliin ten 
 ihiys from date of jiroof of deatli. 
 
 Tlic "Tontine" plan is that ciru'tly jiursuerl 
 by the Equitable. It makes a policy both an 
 investment for a certain period, and also an in- 
 surance against death. 
 
 The K(juital)le's colossal assets, the ]iroii)pl- 
 ness with which it has met all claims, the time 
 it has been in existence, without a suspicion 
 having ever been aroused concerning its man- 
 agement, methods or reliability, and the straight, 
 clear presentation of its claims without deceit 
 or misrepresentation, have placed it in a posi- 
 tion to which few, if any rivals, can aspire. 
 
 The success of this company in Richmond 
 and in the territory controlled throughout the 
 State l)y JMr. AVest, is largely, if not entirely, 
 due to that gentle- 
 man's intelligence 
 and business exjie- 
 rience. The pub- 
 lished returns from 
 the auditor's office 
 show that tlie com- 
 pany leads all oth- 
 ers in Virginia. Its 
 total annual busi- 
 ness-written, at last 
 accounts, was $o,- 
 :;07,06.=1. Mr. '\\'est 
 is a director of the 
 ClIAJIliKK OF CoM- 
 .MEKCE, and though 
 not long a deni- 
 zen of Richmond, 
 is generally recog- 
 nized as one of its 
 leading citizens and 
 representative busi- 
 ness men. 
 
 seventy-six counties of Virginia, to say which 
 IS to say about everything that can be said. 
 
 There is a portrait of President Hyde of ll:e 
 Equitable Life accompanying this matter. 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 lot 
 
 1^!^^^^ 
 
 Howard Swineford, general Are and life in- 
 surance agent, of 1108 East Main street, is man- 
 ager for Eastern "S'irginia, of the JIi'tual Life 
 Insiraxce Compaxy of New York. The only 
 comment necessary in regard to Mv. Swineford 
 is, that he holds that position ; for that is the 
 liest guaranty of his excellent husine-ss iiuali- 
 lications and personal merit. The ilutual 
 Ijife occupies, certainly, a pre-ennnent place 
 among the great life insurance comijanies of 
 the world ; and its representatives are among 
 the l)rightest and liest qualitied lousiness men 
 of the United 
 States. The as- 
 sets of this com- 
 pany exceed 
 .•^70,n(Ml,0lK). and 
 its annual reve- 
 nue $40,000,000. 
 
 P>ut, in addi- 
 tiiin to the Mu- 
 tual Life, :\[r. 
 Swineford icp- 
 resents a num- 
 lier of tile very 
 licst fire com- 
 |ian ies ; and 
 among these are 
 the Royal Fire 
 Insurance Com- 
 pany, of Liver- 
 pool, Kuixland. 
 with a.ssets i.f 
 S40,000,I100 : the 
 Northern Fire 
 Insurance Com- 
 jiany, of Aber- 
 <leen and Lon- 
 don ; the Impe- 
 rial Fire, of London ; and the Connecticut, of 
 Hartford. The combined assets of these tire 
 companies, re]ireenteil by ]\Ir. Swincfor<l, are 
 something over !?70,000,o6o. 
 
 Mr. Swineford has been actively engaged in 
 this line since he first established himself in 
 Richmond in 1868. He is a* native of New 
 Berlin, Penn., a lawyer by profession and 
 was at one time in business at Meadville in 
 that State. Upon the close of the war he set- 
 tled in Richmond, with which city he has ever 
 since wholly identified himself. He has achieved 
 merited success in his line, and has won the 
 esteem and respect of his fellow citizens, witli 
 whom he has co-operated in all movements for 
 the amelioration of the business or social con- 
 dition of the city. 
 
 And although he has spent the greater portion 
 of his time here in the business of insurance, he 
 is interested also in other affairs — in the cul- 
 ture of standard fruits of various kinds, and 
 the breeding of blooded cattle, sheep and 
 hogs, especially, at his farm, known as "Sha<ly 
 Springs," .situated below the city on the Atlantic 
 Coast Line Railroad, near Drewi-y's i'.luir. 
 Needless to remark, in this connection, that the 
 relaxation he takes mornings and evenings at 
 this country place only fits him the lietter for 
 the tasks of the da v. 
 
 •SHADY SPRINGS," COUNTRY HOUSE OF HOWARD SWINEFORD, 
 Near Drewty's Biuff, Below Richmond. 
 
 BANKING, TNSURANCK, KTC. 
 
 Banks (the Manchester Bank iuclndedt : 
 National. 4 ; Savings, s ; Trust Com- 
 panies. .^ ; Private Banks 6 21 
 
 Aggregate Bankingcapital and surplus of 
 
 incorporated banks, January i, iSn^ . 5 6,040,000 
 
 Aggregate deposits, same date 11.150,000 
 
 Aggregate loans and discounts, iaiue 
 
 date 12.500.000 
 
 -Aggregate resources, same date 17900,000 
 
 Aggregate savings deposits 1,525,000 
 
 Rank clearings, i-Sy2 127,418,966 
 
 Increase since 1889 ... 18,950,000 
 
 Disbursements, City, County, State and 
 
 Federal, annually . 9,850,000 
 
 Insurance Companies (three fire one life) 4 
 
 Total local fire insurance capital, surplus 
 and reserve, January i, 1S92, tlast year 
 
 not available) .... 1,096,000 
 
 Total assets, local fire and life insurance. 2.500,000 
 Total annual insurance business, fire, life 
 
 and accident (j2 agencies) 1,320,000 
 
Transportation and Maritime BusinEvSS. 
 
 Till'", tiital mileage of the 
 transpoi'trttioii lines fo- 
 ciissiiij; at Kiclimond, water 
 ami rail, now owned, leased 
 and controlled, is, by retnrns 
 of these lines themselves, 14,- 
 .■)72, an increase of 2,000 miles 
 operated in the past year. J f 
 is divided among them as 
 follows: 
 The Atlantic (!oast Line 
 
 RICHMOND, FREDERICKSBURG & POTOMAC and PETERSBURG RAILROAD i ATLANTIC COAST 
 LINE) STATION. RICHMOND. 
 
 RoiTE (its connection northward from the city, 
 the Richmond, Fredericksbnrg and Potomac 
 included), 1,1!)6. 
 
 The Riuu.MOND and Danville, or Richmond 
 Terminal system, 9,000. 
 
 The CnESAPEAKE AND Ohio, 1,300. 
 
 The Norfolk and Western, 1,120. 
 
 The Fahmvii.le and Powhatan, 92. 
 
 The two steamship lines, the Clyde and ( Ii.d 
 Dominion, 370 each. 
 
 The Virginia Stkamboat Company, or. Tames 
 River I/ine, 120. 
 
 Counting as distinct those lines which have a 
 separate form of organization, although they may 
 be in comi)act for traffic purposes, Richmond has 
 ten tnvnsiiorlation lines: The Richinond, Fred- 
 ericksliurg and Potomac, the Richmond and 
 Petei-sburg, the "York River" road (Riclimond 
 
 EXTERIOR OF 
 UNION PrtSSEINCER STATION. RICHMOND. 
 
 and Danville north), the Rich- 
 mond and Danville south, the 
 ( 'liesapeake and Ohio, Norfolk 
 and WestiM-n. and Farmville and 
 I'liwliLitan, the two steamship 
 lines and st ca ni boats of the 
 .Tames. The railroads, liowever, 
 may be resolved, in jiractice, into 
 live, under the more comprehen- 
 sive classification, "systems," or 
 independent lines. Thus consid- 
 ered, there are four great systems 
 centering at the city : The At- 
 lantic Coast Line, the Norfolk and 
 Western, the Richmond and Dan- 
 ville, and Chesapeake and Ohio, 
 embracing the entire mileage of 
 transportation facilities afforded 
 the city, less than a thousand excejited ; of which 
 thousand, eight hundred and sixty is the mileage 
 of water lines. Little as this fraction is, however, 
 it is of very great importance. It is regarded by 
 the business community as the balance-wheel — 
 the counterpoise — of the whole. 
 
 The four systems of railway network all the 
 South east of the Mississippi, and two of them 
 proceed also into the heart of the West. The 
 Richmond and Danville system ramifies every 
 Southern State with which the city has direct 
 commercial relations ; the Atlantic Coast Line 
 is exactly what its name implies, a route paral- 
 leling the South Atlantic Seaboard from Wash- 
 ington to the Florida Capes ; the Norfolk and 
 Western and Chesapeake and Ohio are the two 
 lines penetrating the AV est, and at the same time 
 holding the State in a firm embrace for this 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 103 
 
 center of trade. The Farmville and Powhatan 
 is a short line sonth of tlie James. 
 
 The Richmond Fredericksbnrg and Potomac 
 is, through its connection witli the great Penn- 
 sylvania system at Quantico, 80 miles north of 
 the city, a medium of direct all rail traffic with 
 Baltimore, Washington, Philadelphia and New 
 York ; and in lesser degree the Chesapeake and 
 Ohio and Richmond and I>anville serve the 
 the same piirpose. Three seaports are I'endered 
 easily accessible from Richmond liy rail : ^\'est 
 Point, York River (an estuary of Chesapeake 
 Bay), 39 miles distant liy the York River Divi- 
 
 tra verse frcjm Richmond to New York is 370 
 miles, 120 of which is the passage of the river. 
 The railroads centering here have obtained 
 valualjle terminal concessions, and have im- 
 proved them considerably. The Richmond, 
 Fredericksburg and Potomac, in conjunction 
 with the Richmond and Petersburg, has built 
 a belt line and bridge to facilitate its freight 
 business, and these two roads own also the 
 Union Depot, a handsome and commodious 
 structure shown in the cut on page 102. The 
 Chesapeake and C)hio owns the canal on both 
 sides of the river, and therebv controls the wa- 
 
 BELT LINE BRIDGE OF THE RICHMOND, FREDERICKSBURG & POTOMAC AND RICHMOND & PETERSBURG RAILROADS, 
 
 Spanning the River and Canal above the Falls. 
 
 sion of the Richmond and Danville ; Newport 
 News and Norfolk, 74 and Sli miles distant, re- 
 spectively, by the Chesapeake and Ohio, and 
 Norfolk again by the Norfolk and Western. At 
 all three of these ports a large and growing 
 foreign commerce is established, to which Rich- 
 mond contributes a very considerable share. 
 
 The two steamship lines are most serviceable 
 as direct connections with the great metropolis 
 of the country also, and as a check upon railroad 
 discrimination and rates. The distance they 
 
 ter powers here (by purcliase of the Richmond 
 and Alleghany, now its James River branch) 
 and it has plans under consideration to develop 
 them for fuller manufacturing utilization. It is 
 to build also a new depot and terminal station 
 here soon, and it is more than likely that the 
 Richmond and Danville will follow its example 
 in that regard. 
 
 The following estimates show something of 
 the transportation business of the city : 
 
 Total number passenger trains daily, arriving 
 
104 
 
 TllK CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 and ik'paiting, SO ; total frei^'ht trains daily 71 ; 
 Iiassoiifior arrivals daily, about L',oO() ; total ton- 
 nago riH-eivi'd and sliipjR'd by rail annually, 
 2,000,000 and upward ; l)y water, .'iTr^OOO. 
 
 Sketches descriptive, more in lietail. of the 
 several roads centcrinir bere follow. 
 
 ItV ItAII, TO NEW VOUK. 
 
 The Hii iiMoNi) l"ni:i>KiiKKsiuni; and Potomac 
 IvAii.uoAi), extending from Riclimoiid to Ciuan- 
 tico, on the I'otomac river, a distance of S2 
 miles, forms the stem which connects the Penn- 
 sylvania Hailroail system with that known as 
 the Atlantic Coast Line, and is the most direct 
 route from Richmond to Washington, Baltimore, 
 Philadelphia and New York. It is, in fact, 
 with its connection, as nearly as the lay of the 
 land will permit, an air line to those cities. It 
 is maintained in the liiglu'st po.ssil)le state of 
 etticiency, .so as to allbrd a fast line between 
 Richmond and the National (Vi>ital and the 
 great Atlantic sea-board cities of the North. 
 The time over it from Richmond to New" York 
 is ten and a half hours, or an average running 
 time of al)out !!•'> miles an hour. 
 
 Its i)assenger service has always been espe- 
 cially good. It carries a vast nnmlier of tourists, 
 Southern bound, destined as far South as Florida, 
 New Orleans and Havana; and for the purpose 
 of advancing its business in this matter, it has 
 widely advertised the historical and picturesijue 
 attractions of Richmond. The Union Dejiot 
 here, a cut of which is u.sed for illu.stration in 
 this work, is largely to l)e attributed to its en- 
 teri>rise. It has a very good traffic in vegetables 
 of Southern production, North bound, and in 
 Southern hnnber. Tliere are about $4,(100,000 in- 
 vested in this road, and its operating expenses 
 are approximately $000,000 a year. It is a pay- 
 ing property. Its connections are the Pennsyl- 
 vania Railroad north, the Atlantic Coast Line 
 to the south, the Richmond and Danville and 
 Chesapeake and Ohio, en route, the latter at 
 Doswell, Va., all the lines centering here, and (at 
 Fredericksburg) the Potomac, Fredericksburg 
 and Piedmont. It has one sliort branch about 
 three miles in length. 
 
 This road is one of the oldest in the South, 
 and has been, from the beginning, largely the 
 property of Richmond people, operated prac- 
 tically by a Richmond management. It is the 
 only roail in which the State has an interest, 
 and the investment has paid the Commonwealth 
 over six per cent, annually for sixty veai-s. 
 
 E. 1). T. JIvEiw, its president, has been with it 
 
 since ISO"). He is a native of the city. The 
 other managing oihcers, located here, are as 
 follows : J. B. VV1N.STON, treasurer, a Richmond 
 man, for forty yeare connected with it; C. A. 
 Tavlor, trafhc manager, twenty yeare in its 
 service ; and T. L. Couktnkv, its superinten- 
 dent, tliirty years connected w itb it. 
 
 TIIRoron TUE SOlTIt TO Kl.ORIOA. 
 
 The Atlantic Coast Line is a system em- 
 bracing in one organization twelve roads of the 
 South Atlantic States, forming, through the con- 
 necting link of the Richmond, Fredericksburg 
 and Potomac Railroad, by their junction with 
 the great Pennsylvania Railroad system to the 
 North, and with the Plant Railroad and steam- 
 ship system to the South, the through line from 
 New York to Florida and Cuba ; forming also a 
 through Southern and Southwestern route by 
 junction at Weldoii, N. C, with the Seaboard 
 Air-Line system, and its new extension to At- 
 lanta and the Southwest, which works in close 
 alliance with the Atlantic Coast I^ine as a route 
 to the more Southwestern (xnlf States, and the 
 rich and rapidly developing interior country 
 traversed on the way there. 
 
 The ndleage of the Atlantic Coast Line itself 
 is 1,114 ; it represents an investment of $7,oOO,- 
 000 or 88,000,000, and an annual business of 
 nearly half as much. Of the twelve roads in 
 this union, three originate in Virginia, the 
 Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac not 
 counted, although it links this system to the 
 Pennsylvania. The.se three are the Richmond 
 and Petersburg and Petersburg Railroads, 
 operated as one by the system, and tlie Norfolk 
 and Carolina. 
 
 The twelve roads of this system are the three 
 just named, and besides them the following: 
 the Northeastern, C^heraw and Darlington, and 
 Cheraw and Salisbury, of North Carolina, 
 the Wilmington and Weldon, AVilmington, Co- 
 lumbia and .\ugusta, and Central Railroad, of 
 South C'arolina, all three roads crossing both 
 the Carolinas ; and the Albemarle and Raleigh, 
 Manchester and Augusta, and Florence Rail- 
 roads, minor roads of North Carolina. Of 
 these the Wilmington and Weldon is by far the 
 most important. It is a trunk line, with its 
 branches, 636 miles long, and is the back bone 
 of this system. 
 
 The connections of this system to the South- 
 ward are of very great importance to the city of 
 Richmond, w'hose mei'chants liave for years en- 
 joyed an immense trade with the South Atlantic 
 States, and especially with the Carolinas. Both 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 105 
 
 the fiichmond and Petersburg ami tin- IVtors- 
 bursr railroads coniiert at Peterf^ljurs; with the 
 Norfolk and Western Railroad, which runs from 
 
 W. O, BURTON, Building Conlraclor. 
 
 the sea-coast of Virjjiiiia to tin- line nf Teiniessce. 
 with laterals to tlie famous coal, iron and ziiii- 
 mines of Virginia. The I'etersliurg liudmad 
 connects also at Weldon with the Seaboard and 
 Koanoke Railroad, which is a part of the Sea- 
 board Air Line system, now extended, as has 
 l)een said, so as to embrace the uplands of North 
 Carolina, South Carolina and (ieorgia, and the 
 Wilmington and Weldon Railroad connects at 
 (ioldsbiiro with the Richmond and Danville sys- 
 tem (Piedmont Air Line), passing through tlie 
 immense pine stretches of North Carolina and 
 cotton belts of South Carolina and Geoi-gia. 
 The many cross-lines, branches and feeders of 
 tlie Atlantic Coast Line sy.stem draw from the 
 four States of North Carolina, South Carolina, 
 (ieoi-gia and Florida a vast traffic, and turn it 
 towards Richmond, thus making the I'ity a base 
 of supjily and distribution for all that thickh' 
 populated region. 
 
 The principal cities on these lines are Ricn- 
 jioND, Norfolk and Petersburg, Va., Wilmington, 
 Goldsboro, Tarboro, Plymouth, Florence and 
 Weldon, N. C, and Columbia and Charleston, S. 
 C. Its principal freight traffic is general mer- 
 chandise, fertilizers and fertilizing material, the 
 latter a natural product of its tributaries in 
 
 Carolina, lumber, also a Carolina product, to- 
 Ijacco and cotton. Considerable of its income 
 is also derived from carriage of the mails. 
 
 By its connection with the Plant system at 
 Charleston, S. C, a fast mail schedule is main- 
 tained between Washington and Charleston, 
 lietween Washington and .Jacksonville, and be- 
 tween Boston and Jacksonville. Passengers 
 taking the fast Pennsylvania mail, leaving 
 New York at 9 P. M. Saturday and Tuesday, 
 reach Tampa at 9 P. M. Monday and Thursday, 
 and make connections with the Plant Line 
 of steamers for Key West and Havana the same 
 night. 
 
 Four daily passenger and four daily freight 
 trains are run over this route between Rich- 
 mond and Charleston, respectively its nortliern 
 and southern termini. The time made by its 
 passenger trains is nearly 40 miles an hour ; by 
 freight, 2.5. It is well ciinipped and kept in 
 tirstclass order. 
 
 The general offices of this system are at Wil- 
 inington, N. C. IIkxrv Wai.teus, vice-|)resi- 
 dent; J. R. Kexi.v, general manager, and T. 
 M. Emerson, traffic manager, have head(juar- 
 
 G. W, PARSONS 
 Architect and Builder. 
 
 ters there. Several heads of dejiar 
 however, resident here, among them 
 R. Scott, president of the Richmond 
 
 rtment ai'e, 
 Mr. Fked. 
 iiid Peters- 
 
\m 
 
 T]\K (MTY ()x\ 'I'HH JAMES. 
 
 1)111}; Railnxul; -Mr. !■;. D. T. .Mvicus, general 
 superiiiteiuU'iit of the same and of the Petere- 
 liuiji Uaihoaii also ; and Mr. K. M. i^ii.i.Y, super- 
 intendent of the Hiehniond division of the sys- 
 tem, resides at I'etersburg. 
 
 The two roads of this system tliat are in 
 Virfiinia, the Kkiimo.ni) .v.nd I'l-iKusnim;, and 
 l'i;TKi!.siiiRii K.vii.itoADs, are, as has been said, 
 consolidated for the pnrposes of manajrement, 
 and are practieally one. The Kiehniond and 
 Petersbui'g Railroad was chartered in IS.'K, and 
 has been operated since 18;55. It originated 
 with Richmond anil I'etei-sburg capitalists, but 
 the stock of the company is now largely owned 
 in l?altiniore, although its management is in 
 the hands of residents of this city still. It has 
 a length of 27 nnles, and its net earnings last 
 year were about $11)0,000. This road is the 
 joint owner, with the Uichniond, Freilericks- 
 burg and Potomac, of the handsome and com- 
 modious Union Passenger Depot here, which 
 cost, with its appurtenances, •'?200,000, and in 
 tlie ."ame way of the bridge and licit line which 
 makes the circuit of the West End of the city. 
 11 has also lately erected a lai'ger freight depot, 
 and notwithstanding these heavy e.Niiemlitures, 
 it has i-ontimied to pay a handsome dividend 
 annually. The time by it to Petersburg is less 
 than forty minutes. 
 
 The Petereburg Railroad runs from Peters- 
 burg, Va., to Wcldiiii, N. ('., there connecting 
 with the Wilmington and Weldon Road of the 
 .\tlantic Coast Line, a distance of (il miles. It 
 was chartered in ls;;0. During the late civil 
 war it was both financially and physically crip- 
 pled, and went into the hands of a receiver in 
 1S77. It was reoi-ganized and restored to the 
 stockholders in 1S79, and since that time its 
 I)liysical condition has been brought to the 
 highest standard, and its earnings have steadily 
 increased. 
 
 Jlr. .Scott, president of this consolidation, is 
 a capitalist of this city. Mr. Myers has been 
 known in connection with these roads for a 
 quarter of a century. 
 
 NINE THois.wi) ^rIL^;s long. 
 
 The RicH.MOND AND Danville Railroad, com- 
 monly known as the " R. & D." or " Danville," 
 is a combination of some thirty Southern lines, 
 which were acquired either by purchase or lease, 
 the whole operated under one general manage- 
 ment as the Kiehniond and Danville Railroad 
 Company. The nucleus of this system was the 
 Richmond and Danville Railroad Company, in- 
 
 corporated March '.i, 1S47, for a railroad between 
 the cities of Richmond and Danville, a distance 
 of 140 miles. This nucleus, expanded during 
 the 45 years since, foinis the Richmond and 
 Danville system, which, with a mileage of 3,185 
 miles, exclusiv'e of water lines, is the backbone 
 of the Richmond and West Point Terminal 
 Railway and Warehouse Company, known 
 among railroad peojile as the "Terminal." This 
 Richmond and I»anville mileage, added to that 
 of the Central Railioad of Georgia, the East 
 Tennessee, Virginia and Cxeorgia, and the 
 t^ueen and Crescent roads makes 9,000 miles con- 
 trolled by the Terminal Company — more than 
 any system in this country except one. 
 
 The title "I'iedniont .\irlyine" is also apjilied 
 to the Richmond and Danville Railroad because 
 its route lies at the foot of the Blue Ridge for 
 nearly 800 miles, in the Piedmont section of the 
 South, and the name is frequently used on ad- 
 vertising matter as a brief and concise defini- 
 tion of the countiy over which the line passes. 
 
 The extreme tenninals of the Richmond and 
 Danville system are Greenville, Mi.ss., on the 
 Missis.sipin river, its Southern and Southeast- 
 ern terminus; and Washington, D. C, and 
 \Vi;-t Point, \'a., its Xortherii and Eastern 
 Urmiiii. From Richmond, at the head of the 
 Tide AVater section, the road passes through 
 Southside A'irginia, over a table land to the 
 valley of the Little Roanoke, and follows the 
 valle)' to l)anville, Va., at the foot nf the Blue 
 Ridge. 
 
 \\'est Point, N'a., is the deej) water terminus 
 cif the system, and connections are made there 
 with water lines for the cities of Baltimore, Xew 
 York, Boston, and Providence, An enormous 
 volume of merchandise, destined to the interior, 
 is handled through this port ; tobacco, the pro- 
 ducts of Southern cotton mills, lumber and raw- 
 cotton, constitute principally the East and Xorth 
 bound tonnage, which has its destination in 
 Eastern cities, Liverpool and Continental ports. 
 
 The line of this road between West Point 
 and Richmond is one of historical attractions. 
 About a mile from White House station, on 
 this division, can be seen from the car windows 
 the old brick mansion in which George Wash- 
 ington wooed, won and wed the wiilow Cnstis. 
 It was at White House landing, a station 24 
 miles from Richmond, that ^IcClellan disem- 
 barked his troops, in lS(i2, for the campaign of 
 the Seven Days' Battles. 
 
 The line of the Virginia Midland Railroad, 
 which is located through the Xorthern part of 
 \irginia, passes the fields of more than a score 
 
TTTK riTV DN THE JAMES. 
 
 107 
 
 of battles. This section of country, which lias 
 Jlanassas for a common point, witli a radii of 
 50 miles in all directions, is chictiy noted for 
 
 theme, its fame is not what it merits. This is 
 the reaion of the French Broad and Nantahala 
 rivere, along which latter it is jjroposed to make 
 another National park ; and it is a region, too, 
 not solely remarkable for its picturesque charms. 
 Its wealth of mineral and forest lesource makes 
 it one of the most inviting fields for investment 
 in the land. 
 
 An interesting feet in connection witli this 
 hue is, that Cai^tain Piiii,. M. Sxidek, who took 
 the first Richmond and Danville train into 
 Danville, is still in active service on its York 
 River branch as conductor. 
 
 The principal executive officers of this sj'stem 
 are located in New York and Washington, D. C. 
 J.V5IE.S H. Drake, general freight agent, and J. 
 S. B. Thompson, superintendent of the Rich- 
 mond and Danville Division proper, have head- 
 (|narters at Richmond in the Titinx building. 
 Tlie local passenger agent is Mr. .los. >!. Potts, 
 ;il9 East Main street. 
 
 FROM SEA TO THE HEART IIF THE WF-ST. 
 
 The Chf>;aceake and Ohio, operating over 
 1,300 miles of trai'k, and fine of tlic leading rail- 
 
 J, Q- DICi<.INSON, 
 Of J.Q. Dickinson & Bro , Buiiding Contractors, 
 
 its stock and grass farms ; thence over the line 
 of road until Lynchburg, in Middle Virginia, is 
 reached, the coinitry is principally given up lo 
 the cultivation of grain and hay. Danville, in 
 Southern Virginia, on this line, is the center of a 
 great tobacco district, which extends from that 
 city over a circuit upon which Lynchburg, Va., 
 and Henderson, Oxford, Greensboro, and Ash- 
 ville, X. C., are the outposts. Beyond Greens- 
 boro, upon this line, and on to the Mississipiii 
 river, cotton is principally grown, except that 
 in late years, the Southern farmers have given 
 considerable attention to the cultivation of vege- 
 tables and melons for Northern markets. The 
 facilities of rapid transportation of these pm- 
 ducts has enabled them to compete protitably 
 with competitors on the coast, and nearer the 
 great cities of the land. 
 
 It seems almost like "treating Nature with 
 contempt" to pass over the mountain division of 
 this line in North Carolina without some refer- 
 ence at least to it,s infinite scenic variety. But 
 "space," to employ the conventional term," for- 
 bids." For though artists anil poets and novelists 
 have made this Land of the Sky their subject and 
 
 W P DICKINSON, 
 Of J. Q. Dickinson & Bro., Building Contractors. 
 
 way systems of the United States, extends from 
 Cincinnati, via Richmond, to Newport News, 
 
.108 
 
 TIIK CITY ON TILE JAMES. 
 
 01(1 Point Coiiifoil iiiid Norfolk, witli Wasliinf;- 
 toti, I). ('., ;uiil l,('xiii^;toii, Ky., us jiililitioinil 
 toriuiiKils. It li;is also ;i trai-k:i'.'i' arran-ii'meiit 
 
 W" ^"^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 ..V ^f^ 
 
 • 
 
 * 
 
 VhJ 
 
 J. E. STOWE, Jr., 
 Ot Stnwe &: Nuckols, Building Contraclors, 
 
 aH'oRliiij; throii;ili train .st'rvic-e to and from 
 Louisvillo in tlie AVest, and Kaltiniorc. Phila- 
 delphia and Xcw York in tho Kast. 
 
 Till' Cincinnati |ii\ision, which foUnws the 
 south liank of the < )liio river, and the Lexington 
 Division, which traverses the famous blue-grass 
 region of Kentucky, unite at Ashland, Ky., 
 whence the line eontiiuies Eastward through 
 the rich coal and ii'on fields of tlie Virginias, 
 ilividing again at Clifton Forge, from which 
 lir)intto Richmond the main line goes via Staun- 
 ton, Charlottesville and Gordonsville, and the 
 James River Division via Natural Bridge and 
 l.ynchhurg. The Peninsula Division extends 
 from Richmond to the seaboard, and the Wash- 
 ington Division from (iordonsville to AVashing- 
 ton. There are branch lines to Hot Springs, 
 Craig City, Lexington, Va., and other points. 
 
 The roadbed, which lias no superior, is laid 
 with seventy-five-pound steel rails, and is rock- 
 l>allasted throughout. Stone culverts and iron 
 bridges have rejjlaced all old structures, and 
 the line is i-apidly being double-tracked. New 
 equipment, both freight and passenger — the 
 latter the finest ever turned out of the cele- 
 brated Pullman shops — has been acquired dur- 
 
 ing the iiast two years, and to-day the Chesa- 
 peake and Ohio is in the front rank of American 
 trunk lines, not alone in physical condition, 
 but in its mana.gcincnt and the volume of its 
 traffic. It represents an investment, all told, of 
 al)out .*! 111,000,000, and its operating expen.ses 
 n|iproxiniate !?(),000,000 annually. 
 
 It has an enormous traffic of coal, coke, and 
 ii'on ores, the products of it.s West \'irginia and 
 \'irginia tributaries; and of grain, cotton, to- 
 liacco, and other staples from the AVest and 
 South, consigned to Newport News, for export 
 liy steamsliip lines controlled by the company. 
 .Miout 1.50 freight and 62 passenger trains are 
 run over the line daily. The company owns 
 oiii' of the largest elevators in the country, and 
 a valuable floating property at Newport News, 
 and operates ferries on Hampton Roads, and at 
 several points on the Ohio river. Contracts 
 have been let for the construction of a luimber 
 of first-class steel freight steamers, to ply weekly 
 between Newport News, Liverpool and London, 
 under the name of the "C. & O. Steamship 
 Line, Limited." It is expected that this line 
 will be opened by the flr.st of August, 189:!. 
 New piers and a passenger station have recently 
 been completeil at Newport News, coisting ui)- 
 
 •m 
 
 A 
 
 ^^ 
 
 J THOMAS NUCKOLS, 
 Of Stowe St Nuckols, Building Contractors. 
 
 wardof.*], 000,000, and a well-defined plan for 
 the iuiprovement of the property in general is 
 
THE C^ITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 109 
 
 Ijfinj: CI insistently fullnwcd liy the management. 
 Included in this plan is tlie exjicnditni-e of a 
 lai^e snni at Riehniond for the ronstruetion of 
 a lielt line, eonnectintr the .Tames Kiver division 
 with the main stem, a suitable depot, etc. The 
 company owns at Richmond a ven' valuable 
 l)roperty, embracincr an iuuuen.se elevate ir. 
 shop.s, etc., and over a quarter cif a mile >'( tin- 
 water front of the city. It has under cnusidci-- 
 tion. liy a>;reement with the iiiiiuicii>al aiitlmri- 
 ties, a jilan for the utilizatinn df this vast watei- 
 power aii<l docka.ije, whicli cainml fad In be (■(' 
 great and lastint;- advantage to the city. 
 
 The most important liranches of the CI esa- 
 jieake an<l Ohio are from Balcony Kails to Lex- 
 ington, 21 miles; Bessemer to Craig City and 
 Newcastle, 26 miles; and Covington tn Hot 
 Springs, 2.') miles. On the main line are such 
 centers of trade and population as Cincinnati. 
 Portsmouth and fronton, Ohio ; Covington. 
 Newport, Maysville, Lexington, Winchester. 
 Jit. Sterling, Ashland and Catlettsburg, Ken- 
 tucky ; Huntington and Charleston, West Vir- 
 ginia ; Covington, Staunton, Charlottesville, 
 Lynchburg, Richmond, Newport News, Nor- 
 folk and Portsmouth, Virginia, and Washing- 
 ton, D. C. 
 
 At Norfolk and Old Point with the New York, 
 Pliladelphia anil Norfolk Kaih-oad. and steam- 
 ers for New Viirk. rinvidcnce, I'mslnn, I'.alti- 
 
 RICHARD E. ELMORE. 
 Of Trexler & Elmore, Building Contractors. 
 
 Connections are made 
 steamship Imes as follows : 
 
 with railwav and 
 
 WILLIAM TREXLER, 
 Of Trexler Si Elmore, Building Contractors. 
 
 more and Washington ; at Richmond, with tiie 
 -\tlantic Coast Line, Richmond and Danville 
 and Richmond Fredericksburg and Potomac ; 
 at Doswell, with Richmond Fredei-icksburg and 
 Potomac ; at Charlottesville, with the Richmond 
 and Danville: at Lynchburg, with the Rich- 
 mond and Danville, and Norfolk and Western ; 
 at Basic City, with the Norfolk and Western; 
 at iStaunton, with the Baltimore and Ohio ; at 
 Charleston, with Ohio Centi-al lines ; at Hunting- 
 ton, with the (Jhio River Railroad ; at Kenova, 
 with the Norfolk and Western : at Winchester, 
 with the Kentucky Central Division of the 
 Louisville and Nashville ; at Ijexington, Ky., the 
 Tjouisville and Nashville, (^neen and Crescent, 
 and Louisville Southern; and at Cinciiuiati. 
 Louisville and Washington, with lines diverging. 
 The history of the road is scarcely a matter of 
 general interest except as it shows the enterprise 
 and pei-severance of tho.se who made it a suc- 
 cess. It was cliartered in 1S3(> ; completed to 
 Louisa Courthou.se in LSoO ; to ( iordonsville in 
 1840 ; to Charlottesville in 1S.51 ; and to Staunton 
 in 18.54. The war put a stop to constrnction, 
 the road then being graded and I'eady for tlie 
 rails as far as Covington, Va. After the war. 
 
110 
 
 THE CTTY OX THE JAMES. 
 
 RESIDENCE OF W. J. READY, 
 Building Contractor and Brick Manufacturer. 
 
 for several years, it was in financial ilifficiilties, 
 from which it was rescued by the Huntington 
 interest, hea<lc(l by the late General Williams ('. 
 Wickliam, who was for twenty years a guidiii}; 
 si)irif in it. In 187." the line was completed to 
 Hnntin-ton, \V. Va. ; 1,S81 to Xewjwt New.-, 
 Va., and Lexington, Ky. ; and, finally, in lS8i), 
 file last link from Ashland to Cincinnati. The 
 .lames Kiver Division, formerly known as the 
 Hichmond and .Mleghany Kailroad, was ac- 
 (|uired in l,88!l. Since ISS8 the atlairs of the 
 comjiany have been under the immcrdiate con- 
 trol of I'resiilent M. K. IxtiAu.s, by whosi^ 
 able management the property has been lirmiiiht 
 to the very latest standard of efiiciency. 
 
 The comi)any's offices in Richmond are in 
 the race building. Prominent among the ofii- 
 ciaLs located there are : Decatub A.ytkli,, second 
 vice-president ; C. E. ^Vei.t.ford, secretary ; T. 
 O. K.MtiiouK, treasurer; H. T. Wickii.vm, gen- 
 eral solicitor ; ],. F. Hvu.nxs, auditor ; Geo. W. 
 Stkvens, general manager; K. 1). IIotchkiss 
 gi-neral freight agent ; C. I.orr.mne, general bag- 
 gage agent; .Ton.v I). P„ri>i, division passenger 
 agent; H. Kuazieh, chief engineer. 
 The Chesapeake and Ohio has greatlv bene- 
 
 fited Kichmond in the past by its direct 
 line from that city to Cincinnati and 
 Louisville, and its immediate connection 
 with the great railways of the AVest. 
 Northwest and Southwest tributary there- 
 to ; but the full force of its influence in 
 this direction has not yet been felt. The 
 future is full of promi.se, and Kichmond 
 must inevitably share in the increasing 
 prosperity of this great conjinercial bigb- 
 uay. 
 
 .\N'oriii:i: iikihw.w wkst. 
 
 The XoKroi.K .wd Western Kah.wav 
 affords Kichmond the full extent of its 
 1.120 miles' length of transjiortation facili- 
 ties by its traffic arrangement with the 
 Kichmond an<l Petersburg Kailroad, fnim 
 Petersburg here, which practically gixcs 
 it an entrance into this city. The main 
 line of its road extends from Norfolk, at 
 I he seacoast of Virginia, through Peters- 
 burg and Lynchliurg, Eoanoke and Kad- 
 ford, to Bristol, a distance of 408 miles. 
 It has branches as follows : from Roanoke, 
 Va., to Hagenstown, Md. (the old Shen- 
 andoah Valley Kailroad which it has ab- 
 
 W, J. READY, 
 Building Contractor and Brxk Manufacturer. 
 
 sorbedi, running through A'irginia, nrrrth-east 
 at the base of the Blue Ridge :\Iountains, 23!) 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 Ill 
 
 miles; Cripple Creek Junction, Pulaski, Va.. 
 to (toshen, on the North Carolina line, ti7 
 miles; New River Branch, Radfonl to Poca- 
 hontas, 75 miles; Clinch Valley Branch, Blue- 
 field to Norton, not far from the Kentucky 
 line, 103 miles; Columbus, Ohio, to Kenova, 
 on the Ohio river in AVest Virginia, 139 miles ; 
 the Ohio Extension, Kenova to Bluefield, 
 205 miles; L5'nchburg, Va., to Durham, X. ('., 
 115 miles, and Roa- 
 noke, Va., to Win- 
 ston, Salem, N C, 122 
 miles. These branches 
 show it to be a road 
 ramifying the Valley 
 of Vii'ginia, and the 
 south-west mountain 
 region of the State, 
 penetrating North 
 Carolina in several di- 
 rections, and by the 
 recent extension of its 
 main line through to 
 Ohio, affording a route 
 directly through from 
 Richmond and the 
 South Atlantic, to Chi- 
 cago and the North- 
 west. 
 
 The Norfolk and 
 AVesteru connects at 
 Norfolk with all steam- 
 ship lines entering that 
 port ; at Hagerstown, 
 with the great Penn- 
 sylvania Railroad sys- 
 tem ; at Bristol, with 
 the East Tennessee, 
 Virginia and Georgia 
 system, and at Nor- 
 ton, Va., with the 
 Louisville and Nash- 
 ville system ; en route 
 through Virginia, with 
 the Atlantic Coast Line 
 system, the Chesa- 
 peake and Ohio and 
 Richmond and Dan- 
 ville Railroads ; and at 
 
 Columbus, Ohio, with the great tiunk lines to 
 Chicago, the Lakes and the Northwest. 
 
 The traffic of this road (of which traffic Rich- 
 mond is getting and furnishing a pretty fair 
 shai'e) is verj- large in coal ami iron jiroduced 
 along this line, and in lumber, wheal an<l cotton. 
 It has, in fact, thej^greatest coal an<l iron traffic 
 
 of any road in the land. Of coal there was 
 carried by it in 1892, :!,(iOO,nOO tons; of iron, 
 1.000,000 tons, and coke, .■)00,000 tons. It is 
 also one of the best equipped roads in the Soutli- 
 ern States. It runs fast passenger trains. It 
 has its auxiliai-y coal barge line from Norfolk 
 to New- York, Philadelphia, Boston and New 
 England ports. 
 
 It has a progres.-iivc miuuigcmrnt which lias 
 
 RESIDENCE OF PETER COPLAND, STONE CONTRACTOR, RICHMOND, 
 
 done its be.st to further the ilcvclo|iiiirnl of the 
 countiy through which it runs. An account ot 
 it 1890, says: "Last year's industrial improve- 
 ments on the Norfolk and A\'esterii Railroad 
 were 12 blast furnaces. S rolling mills, li.s foundry 
 and machine works, S5 wood working estab- 
 lishiiicnts, I'A other manufacturing plants, 4" 
 
112 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 iron mines, U ocil mines, 2,600 coke ovens, and 
 45 liotels ; not to speak of street railway and 
 eleelrie plants, water and jKis works, ete. ; and 
 the srood work still }.'oes on. The works now 
 eonteniplated and aetnally lietrnn, qnite ecjiial 
 in nnniber and importance those ennnierated in 
 these few lines." Thisqnotation illiistrati's tlu' 
 advanta^xe Kichmond derives IVnni this road. It 
 hasdevelojied what is practii-ally a new conntry. 
 and one still in process of development ; a disliirl 
 which, of all others in the State, may he eallid 
 new, and a district proniisini.' more than all 
 the rest. 
 
 The Norfolk and Western is owned by I'hila- 
 dell)liia. New York and foreijrn ca|iitalists. Its 
 president is Kukd. .1. Kimi!ai.i,. of I'hiladelplua : 
 .1. II. S.Axns. of Koaiioke. is vice-]iresident and 
 general manajrer ; ( '. ( i. I'.ddv, of Roanoke, vice- 
 president anil trallic iiianaj;(r; W. B. ISkvki.i,, 
 al.so of Koanoke, is its general passen.ijer ajieiit, 
 Its oi>eiatin^' departnLcnts are located at Roan- 
 noke. Its ajrents here are: R W. Coi-irrsEV, 
 passeiifrer dcpai-tnicnt ; 1". I.. W'okii. I'ii'ii:lit 
 dciiartnient. 
 
 llll'; I.OC.M. LINK. 
 Till' F.M!MVI[,l.i: .\.M) l'oWHAT.\X li.M l.lto.M) 92 
 
 nnles, althongh not a direct highway of the city, 
 is yet of importance as a transportation agency 
 of its intu'ld or inunediate surnjnndings. 
 
 This road is, as an enterprise an old one ; bnt 
 in its present shape is a new project which has 
 taken form within the last three years. Part of 
 it was built as long ago as 1848, by the Clover 
 Hill Mining and Railway Company, and passed 
 from these original hands to those of the Ilrigbt- 
 hope Jlining and Railway Company, .\bont 
 three years ago the present company acquired it. 
 
 This company has for its principals capitalists 
 of tbiscity, and along its line. X.V. Randolph, 
 paper box maiuifacturer here ; Howai'd Swine- 
 ford, insurance agent ; O. T. Wicker, mercliant 
 of Farmville, Prince Edward county; Franklin 
 Stearns, cajutalist of Richmond ; C. P. E. Burg- 
 wyn, civil engineer ; W. S. Archei', merchant of 
 Richmond; .loseph Ilobson, planter of Powha- 
 tan county; and .1. R. Werth are the <lirectors. 
 Mr. Werth is general manager. 
 
 They have invested about $L',UU0,llllO in this 
 property. The line extends from Farmville to 
 Bermuda, Chesterfield county, on James river, 
 opi)o.site City Point. It w ill shortly be extended 
 however from Sw ift Creek, Cbesterfiiad ('ounty, 
 to Manchester, and will then, of course, prac- 
 tically have Richmond for a terminal. Other 
 extension are contemplated into the county of 
 
 Buckingham. It has one short branch now, from 
 Coalboro two miles to Winterpark, in Chester- 
 field county. It makes conin'ction en route with 
 the Richmond and Petersburg, and the Rich- 
 mond and Danville roads. Its princii)al trattic 
 is in the forest ])roducts of the country along the 
 line, such as lundjcr, cross ties and coi'd wood. 
 There are coal mines now in course of operation 
 and devclopnu lit on its line, which have necessi- 
 tated the |iurcbase of additional rolling stock 
 by the company to handle their output, and iron 
 niiiics that are likely to be worked; and it is 
 propdscd by the extension to Manchester to 
 provid<' a market for these resources. The 
 Brightliope Mining Company was organized for 
 this purpose, and several iiiiues were operated 
 nil that line, which for a time were fioorled and 
 clipscil, but New York capitalists are now de- 
 veloping tbis property and taking such steps 
 that disaster cannot come again. The lumber 
 the road bandies apjiroximates a tonnage of 
 2.">,000 annually. It costs but $7(1,000 a year to 
 operate it, with two regular freights ami one 
 special daily and one passenger train. It is 
 three and a half hours trip from Farmville to 
 Bermuda. 
 
 ]\Ianager Werth is a native of the city, of long 
 experience in this and kindred lines. He was 
 superintendent of the Brigbtbojie Railway and 
 Mining Comjiany before this company absorbed 
 it. The office of this company is at 70:-! JIain 
 street. 
 
 THE KKilMONI) .1X1) CHESAeKA K K Tl'NNEI.. 
 
 WoKK on a tunnel, under the city, to afford 
 entrance for the Richmond and Chesapeake 
 Railway, another line to the North, has lately 
 been recommenced, after some yeare of inter- 
 ruption. This project, along with the othei-s 
 referred to herein, the new' depots, etc., is signifi- 
 cant of iiniiortant [irospective extensions of the 
 transportation facilities of the city. 
 
 .\l.\i:lTI.ME AXI) FOREIGN lil'SINESS. 
 
 The maritine and foreign l.iusine.ss of Rich- 
 mond now grown, hi spite of many drawliacks, 
 to a considerable aggregate, flows in divided 
 current through many channels. The foreign 
 export trade in particular is tlius difilised ; it 
 has five diflerent outlets ; and the benefits of 
 concentration in this regard are hardly to be 
 looked for until the work of the James river 
 improvement, which has been undertaken, and 
 proceeds ajiace, is complete. 
 
 FiXjJorts of the Southern staples make the great 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 113 
 
 hulk of tlie foreign commerce of tlie city ; tlie im- 
 jiorts f( ireigu are an inconsiderable fraction of the 
 city's trade, but their volume however, steadily 
 grows. 
 
 The maritime business of the city is chiefly a 
 coastwise traflic with Xew York and the other 
 large cities of the North Atlantic Seaboard, done 
 jiartly by regular steamsliip lines and partly by 
 small sailing craft. 
 
 Under the conditions prevailing at jiresent, 
 four otlier places have a share in that branch 
 of the city's commerce, which is, .strictly speak- 
 ing, foreign trade : \Vest Point, Newport Ne\\s, 
 and Xoi-folk in ^'irginia, and the autocrat of 
 .\merican commerce, New York. West Point 
 is forty miles distant from Richmond, on York 
 river, an arm Chesapeake Bay. It is connected 
 with the city by rail, has 1'2 feet of water, and is 
 consolidated with Richmond to form the iMistoms 
 district which goes by the city's name. 
 
 E.XPORT .STATISTICS. 
 
 The Custom House records fir the ti.«cal year 
 ending in July, 1892, show that the direct trade 
 foreign of this distrii-t (that carried down James 
 river by shijjs loaded here, and out of "\\'est 
 Point) was, in value, 5>6,26o,000 as comijared 
 with $2,326,915 in 1S80, a threefold increase 
 nearly, in twelve years. It is estimated that the 
 exports foreign of the city, through the other 
 three ports above named, brings the gran<l 
 aggregate up to 88,.500,000 average a year. 
 
 This direct trade foreign employed, during 
 this fiscal year of 1892, 2o ships. It embraced 
 118,000 bales of cotton, 2,209 hogsheads of to- 
 bacco, and 23,500 barrels of flour— $5,890,000 
 worth of the first item, $170,000 of the second, 
 and $1.10.000 of the third. The foreign flour 
 trade of the city — a South American trade — is. 
 under certain exigencies of the business, now 
 done mainly, if not entirely, through New York. 
 
 While Norfolk affords some inducements to 
 the foreign trade of the city, it is upon the com- 
 paratively new jjort of Newport News, that — 
 jiending iiiiiirovements of the James — Richmond 
 relies for growth in this direction, because of 
 the facilities that have been provided and are 
 ]irojei'ted there by the Chesapeake and Ohio 
 road. That company, in furtherance of its own 
 extensive interests, involving the traflic of sev- 
 eral States of the West and South, has built docks, 
 jiiers and elevatoi's for the convenience of ship- 
 ])ing, and has contracted for a line of steamers to 
 ply from Newport News to London, Liverpool 
 and Hamburg direct ; a line of six steamers, 
 8 
 
 thi-ee of •:),000 tons and three (.)f 4,000 tons, 
 eciuipped for cattle cariying and general freiglit, 
 to be ready this coming fall. 
 
 THE CO.VSTWISE TR.VDE. 
 
 The coastwise Imsiness of the city has trans- 
 portation facilities afforded it by two regular 
 lines of Atlantic Coast steamships, the Clyde 
 and Old Domixio.v, of three boats each ; a river 
 line (the Yirgixi.\) of two boats (one now build- 
 ing, and numerous small sailingcraft, of the num- 
 ber of which no custom-house record is kept. 
 They rei)resent, however, 750 arrivals a year, 
 as compared with 300 by the steamships ; and 
 there are ii6 of them registered in the district, 
 of 5,572 aggregate tons, as compared with 39, 
 twelve years ago, of 4,057 tons. Their business 
 is the carrying of coal, ice, lumber, tan-bark, 
 brick, fertilizing material and commodities of 
 the heavier sort. 
 
 For the convenience < if this shipping two tow- 
 boat lines are maintained, and there are ample 
 wharfage facilities at Rocketts (the lower or 
 eastern end of the city), and in the dock at the 
 mouth of the old James river or Kanawha canal. 
 
 The fiillow-ing facts are of interest in this con- 
 nection : The distance from sea to the wharves at 
 Richmond is 120 miles ; to Hampton Roads 106 
 miles. There is 18.} feet depth, clear in the 
 stream to Warwick Landing, which is 4 miles 
 lielow the city. Thence here the depth is 16J 
 feet. Tlie rise and fall of the tide here is 31 feet ; 
 below Drewry's Bluff', aliout seven miles down, 
 it is less. The bottom of the stream is sand in 
 sill lal places ; there is no ice of any consequence ; 
 wharfage is free ; freights usually plentiful. 
 
 Towage foreign is 40 cents per registered ton ; 
 coastwise 20 cents ; coal-carrying capacity both 
 ways. Pilotage, sea to Hampton Roads, is $2..50 
 per ton for ten feet draft ; $3 for ten to thirteen 
 feet ; $3.50 for thirteen and fourteen ; $4 for 
 fourteen to sixteen ; $4.50 over sixteen ; and 
 outward pilotage the same. Masters can obtain 
 a pilot's license, good for one year, at ten cents 
 net registered tonnage. 
 
 Discharging ballast is 20 cents per ton. Steve- 
 dore charges — stowing flour 1.3 to 2 cents per 
 barrel ; ceiling grain 1 cent a bushel ; discharg- 
 ing salt 1 cent a sack ; and coftee the same. 
 
 fTIHTV OF THE .I.\MES. 
 
 As a navigable highway, then, permitting 
 vessels of sixteen feet draft to reach the landings 
 at Richmond, the James is of manifold advan- 
 tage to the city. It is a graiul water pike 
 
114 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 throiiKli thi' Ti.lcWiittT distrift of the State, 
 aviiilabli' for siiuill eraft of all sorts; it aflbnls 
 till' iiicans of foreign trade direct, thout;li in a 
 liMiited way yet ; but it is ohictly valualile as an 
 avenue for the eity's coastwise trade, ami, in- 
 cidentally, as an equalizer of freight rates. It 
 has been said, in fact, that it aflbrds this city the 
 favor of 17J cents a ton less than usual rail rates 
 Vx'lween Kidnnond and sea. 
 
 It is no small work of iniprovcnient that 
 already has been done upon this river. Since 
 1870 the general govennnent has exi>ended 
 nearly i^l, 000,000 in widening and deepening its 
 channel ; and the city, for its part, has put into 
 it $.")00,000, and is still making regular appro- 
 priations for the harbor. At the time the.se im- 
 provements were begun, tw^enty years ago, the 
 liarbor here had but 10 feet of water at high 
 tide, or (i.l low, and there were shoal jjlaces like 
 that between here and the sea. Now there is 
 a continuous 18-5 foot channel nearly to the city, 
 and fully Hi.] feet of water to the wharves Work 
 is now proceeding, under a $200,000 appropria- 
 tion, to make the depth 20 feet high, cir 17 low 
 tide throughout, and the intention is to vi mtiniir 
 until ultimately 25 or 2(i feet is gained. 'I'luii 
 Richmond on the .Tames will be Richmond, prac- 
 tically, on the sea; the disadvantage of its hun- 
 dred and iuld miles inland offset, and mon' than 
 ott'set, as experience elsewhere proves, liy its 
 proxinnty, on the other hand, to the i)oj)ulous 
 intericir; by its convenience, in short, as a dis- 
 tributing point iidwul. A project, indeed, has 
 been mooted to establish new docks for it a nnle 
 or two further dow n stream, so as to avoid the 
 necessity of making a basin in the rock bottom 
 here ; and to hasten the good time coming when 
 Richmond shall be great, if not, indeed, greatest, 
 as a I'oirr. 
 
 co.v.stwisk lines. 
 
 Thk Puil.\dei.1'hia, Richmond ast> Norfolk 
 Stk.\mship Line is one of the "Clyde" South- 
 ern Coast and West India Steamshi]) lines. 
 Its ownei-s are William P. Clyde & Co., of 
 Philadelphia and New York, who are ownere 
 also of auxiliary boat lines, like those on Chesa- 
 peake Bay, .Tames river and tlie Nortli Carolina 
 sounds, and are largely interested also in rail- 
 roads in the .South, more especially those con- 
 trolled by the Richmond Terminal system. 
 
 In this Richmond Division of the Clyde line, 
 three boats iiin weekly, and four in case of 
 emergency. They stop at Norfolk, West Point 
 and City Point en route, and connect at Phil- 
 adelphia with steamers for Boston, Providence 
 
 Fall River, and other New England points. 
 They carry a vast amount of cotton fi'om here 
 to the factory towns of New England, and brick 
 from the Tidewater di.strict of Virginia to the 
 great cities North. They also carry considera- 
 ble Southern cotton goods. They l)ring here a 
 large aggregate of heavy freights to l>e distrib- 
 uted from hence to points further inland by rail. 
 
 The boats running in this line at present are 
 the "Gulf-Stream," 1,200 tons. Captain Tunnel ; 
 the "Benefactor," 900 tons, Nickelson, master; 
 and the "Goldsboro," SOOtons, Captain O'Neill. 
 The general Southern agent of the line is Cap- 
 tain .1. W. McCarrkk, of Norfolk ; the Rich- 
 mond agent is J. W. Proctor, an old railroad 
 and steamljoat man. The landing place of this 
 line is at Rocketts, at the lower limit of the city. 
 
 To Philadelphia from Richmond by the Clyde 
 line is .'500 miles ; to New York 370 miles. 
 
 The Oi.n Dominion Steamsiiii' Co.mpaxy has a 
 fleet of nine iron steamships plying between 
 New York and the following cities of maritime 
 Virginia: Norfolk and Portsmouth, on opposite 
 sides of Elizabeth river, close to sea ; Newport 
 New'S, at the mouth of .Tames river, in Hamp- 
 ton Roails ; City Point, on James river; West 
 Point, on York river ; Petersburg, and Rich- 
 mond. These boats are of modern build, and 
 range from 1,4.50 to ;!,000 tons. They make 
 regular trips between here and New York city, 
 calling at City Point, Newport News, Norfolk 
 and Portsmouth cu. roule, at intervals of two or 
 three days each, according to the season. 
 
 This company has been operating ever since 
 the war closed. It owns its own wharf prop- 
 erty here and at other ports, and its craft is of 
 as excellent accommodation as any in the coast- 
 ing trade, both for passengers anrl freight car- 
 riage. It has its share of travel and tratli<' be- 
 tween here and the great metropolis — esi)ecially 
 during the summer time, when business is 
 "brisk," commercially .speaking, and frequent 
 excursions are run. The time made between 
 here and New York is usually, wind and 
 weather permitting, thirty-six hours; and from 
 Norfolk, twenty-four hours. 
 
 The office of this company here is at Thir- 
 teenth and ]Main streets. Its landing place is at 
 Rocketts. Its agents here are (;eor<:e W. Al- 
 len & Co., who are member of tlic Cha.mher. 
 
 .lA.MKS river no ATS. 
 
 The Virginia Steamboat Company has at 
 present one boat plying regularly on the river 
 between Richmond and Norfolk, Hampton 
 Roads and Elizabeth river, and passing all 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 im 
 
 the points of interest on tlie historic- and jiic- 
 tiiresque James ; and it runs excursion Ijoats 
 also througliout the summer season. It is a 
 traffic auxiliary of the Clyde Line of sea-going 
 steamers, and connections are made by it with 
 that line at Norfolk. Connection.s are made 
 there also with tlie Bay Line of steamers for 
 Baltimore, the Merchants and Miners Line for 
 Boston and Providence, the Norfolk and Wash- 
 ington Steamboat line and the Old Dominion 
 Steamshij) ('ompan}''s line for New York. 
 
 The Virginia Steamboat Company makes 
 railway connection with the great Chesapeake 
 and Ohio system for the West at Newport News 
 and Old Point Comfort, and with all railroads 
 at Richmond, City Point, Claremont, Newport 
 News, Norfolk and Portsmouth. 
 
 Through tickets are sold by it over all these 
 connections, and baggage is checked through on 
 them. 
 
 In large measure the patronage of this line 
 is derived from tourists frecjuenting this jjart of 
 the country. Its boats pass, among other jioints 
 of interest to travellers, "Powhatan," which 
 was the primitive abode of the great chief of 
 that name ; Jamestown Island, where the first 
 settlement was made by an English colony in 
 America — where the firet attempt at coloniza- 
 tion was made by Britons, in fact ; and numerous 
 other places of celebrity, as scenes of the action 
 of the late war, among them, Drewrj's Bluff; 
 Ben Butler's Dutch Gap Canal ; Malvern Hill ; 
 Bernuiila Hundred, which is botli a pioneer 
 settlement and battle ground ; City Point, the 
 base for General Grant while besieging Peters- 
 burg (where his headquarters are still to be 
 seen ), and the point of junction of the James and 
 Appomattox rivers ; Harrison's Landing, where 
 JlcClellan rested after tlie Seven Days' battles ; 
 Old Point Comfort, where the ships of Newport, 
 Smith and (iosnold, "freighted with the jiros- 
 pects of a future state," found haven in lliO" ; 
 and through Hampton Roads, the place of the 
 great naval encounter of the Monitor and Merri- 
 mac in 1862, which revolutionized warfare on 
 sea, and rendezvous of the fleets of the world 
 for the Columbian demonstration this year ; over 
 which noble channel Fortress Monroe keeps 
 watch and ward. 
 
 E. E. Barney, a planter of the James river, 
 owner of " Homewood," Jamestown Island, and 
 " Meadowville," all great estates, and a capitalist 
 largely interested in manufacturing, banking 
 and other important concerns In the W^est as 
 well as here, is president of this company ; J. W. 
 McC.\RKaK, vice-president and agent at Nor- 
 
 folk ; Ikvin Weisioki!, secretary and Richmond 
 agent ; D. M. W. W.\i,ler, agent at Old Point. 
 The company's landing place here is at Rock' 
 efts ; its office is at 1117 ilain street. 
 
 This is a new management lately come into 
 control of this line, by whom its facilities have 
 already been largely increased. The boat at 
 present in service, the "Ariel," has been recon- 
 structed — has been made, in fact, practically a 
 neW' boat. New steel-hulled boats are now 
 building for it at Wilmington, Del. It is the 
 purpose of this new management to compete 
 at-tivcly for all the business that can be de- 
 velojied, and especially for that of the tourists 
 journeying South. 
 
 These new steamers will be equal to any 
 afloat on the Hudson, in speed, safety and com- 
 fort ; and every appliance know n to the modern 
 builder of steamboats, to further these ends, will 
 Ije used. Electric lights, including a search- 
 light, handsomely furnished saloons, state- 
 rooms and smoke-rooms, a cafe and dining- 
 room, on the European plan, with meals at all 
 hours, and a faultless table service by an ex- 
 perienced i-hef an<l corps of waiters, will af- 
 ford the traveller all the comforts of home. 
 For the entertainment of the passengers each 
 steamer will have a large orchestrion, a musical 
 instrument ran by electricity, which repro- 
 duces, like an orchestra, music of all kinds, 
 sacred, secular, grave or gay, from the masses, 
 the operas, and oratorios, or of the so-called 
 j)Opular kind, 
 
 ]Mr. Barney has begun the restoration also 
 of old .lamestown Island. His fir.st step was to 
 enclose the old church and church-yard there 
 with a substantial fence, and to post guards to 
 break up tlie scandalous vandalism which has 
 been allowed to prevail ; which has lieen chip- 
 ping, mutilating, stealing, and [lutting to the 
 Ijasest uses, with shame be it said, the very grave- 
 stones of the honored forefathers of the State. 
 
 He is building a seawall to protect the i.sland, 
 a hotel to be provided with all modern con- 
 veniences and comforts for a summer and winter 
 resort, and a chapel is to be built and furnished 
 for services on Sundays. The grounds around 
 this hotel will be beautified by landscape gar- 
 deners, and every attention will be given to 
 excursion parties from Richmond and Norfolk, 
 from which places a large number of persons are 
 expected as soon as the summer season opens. 
 He contemplates also a museum in which to 
 store and exhibit the many valuable Colonial 
 relics with which the island and country near 
 it aliound. 
 
116 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 Along Janiep rivertliere art> nmny old country 
 seats and estates, dating from Colonial days, and 
 in many oases tlie mansions upon them were 
 built of bricks brought from England. Among 
 these are Whitby, Ampthill, Presque Isle, 
 Shirley, Berkeley, Westover, AVeyanoke, l'i>- 
 per and i.ower Bi-andon, Claremont and Sandy 
 Point. 
 
 These are all rich in historical rcminisc(MU-es, 
 and the student of colonial history can find no 
 more interesting or profitable field than .lames 
 river from Richmond to Norfolk. 
 
 Many other interesting places alonu .lames 
 river will doubtless be developed later on. With 
 the aim in view also of building up the freight 
 traffu' of the line, the sturgeon fisheries of the 
 lower river are to be fostered, and refrigerator 
 chamliei-s are to be put into all the boats for the 
 carriage offish, oysters, game, and other perish- 
 able commodities. 
 
 In a word, the .lames River \'alley from Rich- 
 mond to Xorfolk will shortly take on a new 
 lease of life. Desirable immigration is sure to 
 follow all these developments, and the Tide- 
 water country will revive its ancient glories "of 
 the good old Colonial and Ante-Bellum days" 
 once again. 
 
 The officers and directors of the new company 
 (to succeed the Virginia Steamboat Company 
 later on, and into which it is to be merged, 
 under the name of the ViRoiNi.i Navig.\tio.\ 
 CoMP.\Nv) are : Edward E. Barney, president 
 and manager; Major A. H. Drewry, firet vice- 
 president ; Captain J. W. McC!arrick, of Nor- 
 folk, second vice-president. 
 
 Directoi-s (besides the above): Mr. 51. E. 
 Ingalls, [iresident Chesapeake and Ohio Rail- 
 roa.l; :Mr. B. F. Clyde, of W, P. Clyde c<i Co., 
 Philadel|)hia and New York ; Mr. C. P. E. 
 Burgwyn, of Richmond ; Messrs. ,T. I). Piatt 
 and O. F. l)avis.son, of Dayton, Ohio. 
 
 Mr. Irvix Weisiger will be the Richmond 
 agent of the new company. 
 
 The Richmond Towing and Transportation 
 Company controls, as the only concern of the 
 kind here, the towing service of the port. Its 
 principals are principals also in the Goodman 
 Mani'iaitiirixg Company of this city, and are 
 of Goodman Brothere, dealers in bark. The 
 l)ark-sliipi)ing business of that firm is done by 
 means of schoonei-s largely, and they found it 
 to their interest, a year or so ago, to buy out 
 the tow-boats here. They have a fleet of six of 
 them, and a steam yacht, and they tow chieHv 
 to Hampton Roads ; but sometimes, also, as far 
 as Baltimore, Md. They have $125,000 invested 
 
 in the business, and 40 hands eini)loyed. The 
 tugs vary from Ki to 22-incli cylinders. 
 
 MoinoN B. RosENHAiM, of the firm of M. 
 Rosenbauin iV; Co., is president of this company ; 
 SiG. M. Goodman, vice-president; Joseph 51. 
 RosENisAUM, secretaiy and treasurer, and 5Ior- 
 TON A. Goodman, genei-al manager and superin- 
 tendent. The office of the company is at Nine- 
 teenth an<l Cary streets, with the (.ioodman 
 Mamifacturing Company. 
 
 The Virginia Dredging and Dock Constric- 
 tion Co.MPANY, which has its office at S19 P3ast 
 Main street, was incorporated at the beginning 
 of the current year by the Legislature, with 
 §.500,000 authorized capital. The purpose stated 
 in its charter is this : The dredging of harbors, 
 the construction of docks, sub-marine diving, 
 and removing of wrecks. This work it pro- 
 poses to undertake anywhere within the Vir- 
 ginias, Maryland and Carolinas — along the 
 South Atlantic coast, in fact. Leading and en- 
 terprising men of this city are stockholders of 
 this company. Its officers are C. P. E. Burg- 
 wyn, civil engineer, president; Tiio.mas ELLErr 
 (secretary and treasurer also of the Virginia Me- 
 chanics' Institute), secretaiy and treasurer. 
 
 The directors are Lewis Ginter, of Allen & 
 Ginter, tobacco and cigarette nianufiicfurers ; 
 N. V. Kandolph, paper-box manufacturer, and 
 .Tames Werth, general manager of the Farmville 
 and Powhatan railroad. 
 
 The Warwick Park Transportation Com- 
 pany, of S17 East Main street, maintains, as 
 its name indicates, a park on the James, four 
 miles down stream from the city. This park is 
 a favorite summer resort. It has a pavilion and 
 other ai'commodaf ions for picnickers. The I'om- 
 pany also owns steamboats, in which it conveys 
 parties to and from the park. It is engaged, 
 too, in the towing business. It is proposed 
 shortly to develop a general transfer and drayage 
 business also out of this project. This comiiany 
 has $500,000 authorized cajiital. 
 
 Following are its officers: Norm.in \'. Ran- 
 dolph, ]>resident; C. P. E. Birgwyn, vice- 
 president ; and Tho.mas Ellett, secretary and 
 treasurer. 
 
 SHIP iiROKERS AND E.YPORTERS. 
 
 Ci'RTis & Parker, of 10 South Eighteenth 
 street, are really the only straight-out ship bro- 
 kers doing business at Richmond. They are 
 vessel owners themselves, engaged mostly in 
 the coasting trade. 
 
 This firm is an old one. It was established 
 in 1.S67 bv John A. Curtis and John X. Parker. 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 117 
 
 Mr. Curtis' son, R. B. T. Curtis, wiis a partner 
 in it until his death a short time ago. 
 
 Mr. John A. Curtis is a well-known citizen 
 of Richmond. He has long been prominent in 
 the councils of his party, the Democratic, ami 
 is an active political worker. He wa.s a membei' 
 of the Cit}- Council for ten years, and was in 
 the State Legislature tliree terms. He was a 
 sailor in his earlier years, and tlurina the war 
 lie served for a while in the army of the Con- 
 federacy, and then in its navy. 
 
 Mr. E.T. P.\RKER, his partner, was admitted 
 to an interest in Maj', 1891. He is a son of the 
 John X. Parker, who was one the founders of 
 the business. 
 
 D. O. SuLLiv.ix, grocer and ship chandler, at 
 the corner of Eighteenth and ^lain streets, has 
 Ijeen established there for about eight years, 
 and has acquired during that time a ver}' large • 
 trade with vessels of all kinds frequenting this 
 ))ort, and especially with coasting vessels plying 
 lietween here and Xorthern seaboard points. 
 He is a dealer in ship-stores, tobacco, groceries 
 and cigars, carrying a very complete stock. He 
 had long experience of the trade with other 
 houses before he began on his own account here. 
 He acts as a consignee, also, for vessels, prepares 
 ships' palmers and attends to the clearance of 
 vessels and goods through the Custom House, 
 and does a ship-brokerage business, both coast- 
 wise and foreign. 
 
 AViLLi.\M W. Br.vuer & Co. ("William W. and 
 Frederick C. Brauer), exporters of cattle, do a 
 very extensive business through the ports of 
 Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, 
 Newport News and Norfolk, and are regular 
 shippers in chartered vessels to London, Liver- 
 pool, Glasgow and other lai'ge United Kingdom 
 markets, tlirough agents resident there. They 
 get cattle from all the districts north of iiuaran- 
 tine lines, and employ from 90 to l.")0 hands as 
 helpers for the stock en route, according to the 
 state of trade. 
 
 They maintain hea.dquarters here, because this 
 is their residence, and the place in which their 
 business originated. Their father was a butcher 
 here, up to 1S70, who, beginning in a small way, 
 succeeded in building up a very substantial busi- 
 ness. They succeeded him, and from trading 
 in cattle for domestic consumption, finally, in 
 1S9(), graduated into the export trade. They 
 own considerable property here, and are ac- 
 counted men of substance as well as success. 
 
 Their liusiness, in fact, is one of the largest 
 of the kind in the State. South-west Virginia 
 furnishes, every fall, from five to eight thousand 
 head of export cattle, most of which are handled 
 by this firm. All this export stock are prime 
 beeves weighing upwards of 1,400 pounds, and 
 the highest priced grade of cattle produced in 
 the United States. 
 
 TRANSPORTATION AND MARITIME BUSINESS. 
 
 Railroads of Richmond 6 
 
 Mileage n.3°o 
 
 Passengex' trains daily arriving and de- 
 parting" So 
 
 Freight trains daily arrivingand departing, 71 
 
 Total 151 
 
 Passenger arrivals daily . . -.500 
 
 Railroad freights received and shipped an- 
 nually, tons 2,085,000 
 
 Water freights tsail not included), tons. . . 375,000 
 
 Total freights annually, tons 2,460,000 
 
 Steamship lines (9 boats) 2 
 
 River lines i 2 boats) i 
 
 Vessels owned at Richmond 66 
 
 Depth James river to Richmond 16)2 ft. 
 
 Clearances, foreign, 1892 23 
 
 Clearances, coastwise 1,046 
 
 E.xports foreign — direct : 
 
 Leaf Tobacco |i7o,ooo 
 
 Flour 128,000 
 
 Cotton 5,890,000 
 
 Total Exports $6,263,00 
 
 Imports— Coffee and Liquors chiefly .... $70,000 
 
 BOAT AND BARGE OF THE WARWICK PARK TRANSPORTATION COMPANY. 
 
LlJ ^ 
 
 ^ s 
 
 < a. 
 
 5 % 
 
 ■^ a 
 
 ]l ami 'iicm' (001 'ii^miiss^ 
 
 OBl! (iEn fiPW 
 
 ■&. 
 
 ^r- 
 
 
 ii'-^itm^,^ mxM 
 
J 
 
 Tobacco— Leaf and Manufactured. 
 
 J 
 
 (•oiisi(liTal)ly inure than 
 two hundred years 
 Virfrinia lias been fa- 
 mous as one of the 
 world's yreat seats of 
 tobaccii [I mduct ion ; 
 and Kichmund, as the 
 cliief city of the State, 
 has been likewise re- 
 nowned — iiuite as long, and fully as much, in 
 fact — as a market for the staple, and as a j^lace 
 of its manufacture. 
 
 IIISTOKV OF THE TRADE. 
 
 It was while Virginia and the Carohnas were 
 all one — a vast terra inc/x/nita extending from 
 Halifax to Cape Fear, with a lilieral margin of 
 debatable extremities — that gallant and courtly 
 but unfortunate Sir W.\ltek Rai.ekih first in- 
 troduced " My Lady Xicotine" to the notice of 
 the polite and learned of Britain and Europe. 
 That was iu 1585, so the tradition runs ; though 
 some say the date should be 1560 instead ; ami 
 that it was not Sir Walter who first popularizeil 
 the philosophers' pipe, but the Frenchman, 
 Jean Nicot, from whose cognomen the techni- 
 cal name of the plant is derived. Be that 
 as it may, within twenty-seven years after the 
 time Raleigh is said to have brought smoking 
 into fashion, and while the Jamestown colony 
 was yet, so to speak, in swaddling clothes — a 
 settlement only five years' old — the indigenous 
 weed was already cultivated hereabouts, as a 
 staple crop, and was a commodity of trade ; 
 and by 1617, and for a long while after, for that 
 matter, was the medium of exchange, the legal 
 tender for taxes and tithes ; the parson's tliank- 
 fuUy-accepted scrip ; the <jiiid pro i/iio for the 
 laborers hire ; for a knife, a hound, a slave, 
 and, even, in those simple and unconventional 
 days, for a wife. In 1619 20,000 pounds of it 
 were sent to the mother country ; and between 
 1621 and 1632 inspection was regularly estali- 
 lished, warehouses built, and prices fixed by 
 law. Thus, gradually but surely, the Red 
 Man's crude nepenthe becunie solace for all the 
 world. 
 
 KUIIMOXD S SHARK IN THE TRADE. 
 
 The exports of toliacco from Mrginia and ^la- 
 ryland in 1710 were nearly 30,000,000 pounds. 
 In 1730 a fleet of 300 vessels was emjiloyed in 
 the tobacco trade of these two States and about 
 this period the first regular factories were estab- 
 lished. From the beginning Richmond partici- 
 pated prominently in the industrj-, and to this 
 hour has maintained its early-won prestige as a 
 primary market and center of both the trade in 
 leaf and manufacture from it against everj' 
 adversity and all competitors. Louisville and 
 Cincinnati, perhaps, handle leaf in greater quan- 
 tity, but of the cheap Western varieties chief- 
 ly; and this city, as the market-place for the 
 superior products of the great tobacco belt of 
 the Virginias and Carolinas, holds its lead in 
 values and quality, and is likely, apparently, 
 with the growth of its tributaries, long to re- 
 tain it. 
 
 I.M1>0RTANCE OF THE BISIXESS. 
 
 The tobacco trade, all things considered, is 
 the mainstay and sheet-anchor of the city's 
 commerce. Leaf and manufactures together, it 
 forms 25 per cent., fully, of the city's total 
 trade. The leaf trade alone supports 120 mem- 
 bers of the Tobacco Exchange, who are regular 
 dealers, and numerous outsiders in addition. 
 It employs, it is said, nearly as great a cai)ital 
 as the banks of the city, and aggregates now in 
 sales eight or ten million dollars a year. Man- 
 ufactures of tobacco here, embracing stemmeries 
 and establishments preparing the leaf and facto- 
 ries making plug and chewing brands, cigarettes, 
 cigars and cheroots, employ, according to the 
 statistics for 1892 recently comjiiled, a total of 
 8830 hands, something like 84,000,000 capital, 
 and have an output, in gross, of $15,670,000 
 worth of jtroduct annually. At this rate, the 
 grand total of the tobacco business of the city 
 is $25,000,000 a year. 
 
 From this revenue district, comprising Rich- 
 mond and Petersl luig, nine-tenths of all the 
 tobacco exjiorted foreign from this country goes ; 
 and nearly $.50,000,000 revenue tax has lieen. 
 paid by this district since the war, an average 
 
12(1 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES5" 
 
 '\ >..► \'5 
 
 of ifl.T'lOjOOOa y»:';ir. Nor is tliis all. Richmond 
 is larp'ly iiitcrestcii in and idrntifiod with tlie 
 trade of many minor markets of tlic State and 
 its neighliors, like Lynchbnrg and Danville, 
 Va., and Durham and Winston, N. C. Its to- 
 bacco men have branches in these ; have in- 
 vested in their factories ; and prices here veiy 
 largely regulate theirs. 
 
 EXTERI'KI.Sl-: I ij.usru.vTKn. 
 
 In tlie development and control so long of all 
 this trade, the enterprise of the native stock 
 has been i>ronounccd ; for the business has been 
 in the hands of the Mrginians always. There 
 are many persons in the various branches of 
 the trade here whose forefathers were in it for 
 generations before them ; and some of them 
 trace lineage in it as far back, even, as its 
 origin. 
 
 To the fame and prosperity the city enjoys 
 til rough this business, the jiroverbial high- 
 toned spirit iif the jieoiile has contributed not a 
 little ; anil that spirit has been etiective to main- 
 tain as high a standard of morals in the traffic as 
 of quality in the product ; so that Richmond in 
 spections and methods have come to be univei - 
 sally accepted, and this market to be the resort 
 of buyers from all parts of the world. 
 
 Permanently resident here are several "Regie" 
 or crown purchasers, (. e., tho.se procuring stock 
 for the Kurojiean governments which monopo- 
 lize sale and manufacture of tobacco in their 
 dominions. And the manufactured products 
 of the city are in such widespread and extensive 
 foreign demand that some of the largest fac- 
 tories here are run upon export brands almost 
 entirely. 
 
 K.\Tn.\oni)r.\AitY (.uuwrii. 
 
 The cigarette business here has had an aston- 
 ing development, and has been the means of 
 vast amjilitication of the business of tobacco 
 culture in this and adjoining States. AA'ithin 
 six or seven yeai-s the cheroot business has 
 taken its rise here, and witli amazing evolution 
 has rea<'hed, in that short while, greater pro- 
 portions tlian anywhere else in the land. The 
 mechanical necessities of these rapidly growing 
 branches of the trade have stinmlated invention, 
 machine-manufacture, box-making and depen- 
 dent industries as wonderfully ; and the better- 
 ment of business generally here, of late, is very 
 largely to be attributed to the jirogress made in 
 city and State through the manifold blessings 
 showered uiwn tliem by Xicotiax.-v. 
 
 THE TR.VUE IN LE.VF. 
 
 The tigui-es presented herein respecting the* 
 tobacco business of the city are those of AV. E. 
 DiBREi.L, editor of the Sotilliern Tobacrmiis-t, sta- 
 tistician of the trade here, and the accepted 
 authority of the daily press of the city in its 
 annual trade reviews. 
 
 Vii^inia, says he, grows nearly every known 
 variety of tobacco, and Richmond handles 
 nearly every grade and class of it, and in almost 
 every shape and form demanded by the world. 
 The sorts handled most largely, however, are 
 the dark for shipping and export (both directly 
 and through various foreign agencies, like the 
 Regie agents, and representatives of foreign 
 firms), and the bright or yellow flue-cured of 
 Virginia and West Virginia, North and South 
 Carolina. Large i|uantities of both these are 
 repacked here for shipment, either as received 
 or are stemmed ; and both kinds come here 
 "loose" (direct from jilanters), as well as in 
 hogsheads and other jiackages. 
 
 Richmond is, besides this, the great and almost 
 onlj' market for "sun-cured" tobaccos, the 
 finest grown, which are raised in the counties 
 adjacent and contiguous to the city, and are 
 manufa<'tured here into the very best plug. 
 The Western "Burley" leaf also entere into 
 the trade here to some extent. It is handled 
 to fill orders ; mostly of the manufacturers util- 
 izing it. 
 
 FACTS A>M) riOCRES. 
 
 By expert Dibrell's account the leaf tobacco 
 handled here aggregates •iO,000,000 pounds an- 
 nually, of which L'.i, 000,000 pounds is bright, 
 and 15,000,000 pounds dark leaf, in hog.sheads, 
 tierces and other packages, and 10,000,000 
 pounds is the loose leaf, both bright and dark, 
 which fomis of late a large and fast increasing 
 fraction of the trade. It is in this loose leaf 
 business, in fact, that the great estincrease in 
 the leaf trade here is shown : more especially is 
 this to be remarked, indeed, of bright, which has 
 only lately lieen handled much loose. During 
 the year ending with September oOth, lSiV2, 
 over §1,000,000 worth of loose tobacco was 
 handled here ; more than twice as much as the 
 increase, even than that during the year to 
 year before ; and all signs jioint to a greater 
 come. 
 
 Formerly the great Imlk of the leaf handled 
 here was the old-fashioned black or dark, heavy 
 exjiort tobacco of Virginia ; Imt with the re- 
 markable growth of the cigarette business, and 
 
THE CITY OX THE JAMES. 
 
 1-21 
 
 of the manufacture of mild brands of pluj.' and 
 cut toliaceos, there has been a great chanire in 
 tlie trade. Fully (30 jier cent, now of the leaf 
 tobacco handled here is bright. There is still, 
 however, a good demand for the dark leaf, and 
 especially for the sun-cured sort, upon which 
 the tame of many of the Richmond pluir brands 
 are based ; and for forei.t;n orders, English Con- 
 tinental and Australian, particularly. West- 
 ern "Burley" sells here in limited ([uantity — 
 only two per cent, of the total, it appears — and 
 that chiefly for manufacture into ]ilug, which 
 business, to keep fidly abreast of the times. 
 
 before the war, and reorganized after it. Refer- 
 ence has already been made to it, and its officials 
 are mentioned under the head of commercial 
 organizations, in a preceding chapter. The 
 warehouses used for storage of tobacco here 
 number nineteen. Their storage capacity is 
 o2,000 hogsheads. Five of them are devoted 
 now to the loose leaf trade. The stemming, 
 rehandling and reprizing (repacking) factories 
 number now 20 or 25, according as business is 
 brisk or the reverse. They represent about $750, - 
 000 capital invested in the business, $2,320,000 
 of output, and em]ilny 7^0 hands. They are of 
 
 THE TOBACCO EXCHANGE 
 
 must cater to every taste, and does, as a matter 
 of fact, as the sketches of the factories that fol- 
 low herein, certainly show. 
 
 i-'.\rii.iTii;s o]- Tin: M a n k r; r. 
 
 The facilities here for the traiU- are ample. 
 Inspection is in the hands of an exchange known 
 as the ToB.icco Tr.vde of the City of Ricmmoxd, 
 representative, in its membership, of all branches 
 of the business. It is an old bod v, organized long 
 
 two kinds, those that do only tlieir own work, 
 and those that work for the public, as described 
 hereafter. 
 
 The Regie purchasers are those of France, 
 Italy, Spain and Austria. L. Borchers, Aus- 
 trian consul, is buyer for that country: E. O. 
 NoLTiNO, German and French buyer; .\i,rRED 
 Gr.\y, French ; and I. X. V.\i(m.\N-, Italian and 
 French. The exports of leaf, through the cus- 
 tom house in the fiscal year 1891-92, were, it 
 appears, 2,209 packages, valued at $170,000. 
 
122 
 
 THE crrr on the james. 
 
 1.i:a])1N(; DKAI.KliS IN l.KAF. 
 
 ("iiAniJs K. FiiA.isos, buyer and ivpiizi'r of 
 loaf tobacco, scraps and stems, at Twenty-eiijlith 
 
 CHAS. ELLISON, 
 Dealer in Leaf Tobacco. 
 
 and Main streets, has a place 50 by 130, and three 
 stories, affording storage for 1,500 hogsheads. 
 He makes a specialty of scraps, stems, and all 
 other grades of leaf tobacco, and is a shipper to 
 all parts of the United States and Europe ; and, 
 in addition, he bales all grades of common 
 stems for fertilizing purposes, a use to which 
 this material is largely put iu New England and 
 Florida. 
 
 He is successor to S. A. E.llison & Bro., e.stal)- 
 hshed twenty ycare ago. He hails originally 
 from North Carolina, where, as here, he was 
 engaged in this line only. He has been ni the 
 leaf trade in fact, iu one capacity or another, 
 all his life, and is, very naturally, an expert 
 respecting' the .staple. 
 
 Chahi.ks WaiivIns i^- Co. (Cliarles Watkins, 
 late of Hill, Skmker & Watkius) are leailiufr 
 commission dealei-s iu leaf tobacco and grain, 
 with ollices at .'^hockoe Slip. Hill, Skiuker ct 
 Watkins were ten years in business, when Mr. 
 AVatkins succeeded them in 1882. Bright leaf 
 is his specialty, and his business is a large one. 
 It makes him one of the prominent dealers here. 
 
 He is from North Carolina originally, and lias 
 lieen ideutilied with the tobacco trade in nue 
 way or other from his youth. He was a manu- 
 facturer of it in the Old North State, was 
 incidentally engaged in general merchandising 
 there, and has been very successful in it. He 
 is one of the (i. Oiuou & Soxs Co., manufacturers 
 of fertilizers at lialtimore, Md., is a prominent 
 iiienibers of the Tobacco Exchange here (or To- 
 bacco Trade of the City of Richmond, as it is 
 called), and also of the Ciiambeh of Commerce. 
 Foi' a full term of two years, indeed — l.'^sii and 
 IS.S" — he was president of the former. 
 
 .loiiN ^r. T.wi.dH, commission merchant for 
 the sale of leaf toba<-co, at 16 and 17 Crenshaw 
 Buililing, Shockoe Slij), was born in Oxford, N. 
 C, Slay 21, 1866. He was educated at the fa- 
 mous Horner Military School of Oxford, and 
 connnenced the leaf-tobacco business in Oxford 
 in bSSo. He moved to Richmond in January, 
 lsS4, and engaged in business with Mr. K. H. 
 Iiibrell. In January, 1886, he formed a copart- 
 nership with E. J. Parrish, of Durham, N. C, 
 fertile purpose of carrying on the leaf-tobacco 
 
 CHAS. WATKINS, 
 Dealer in Leaf Tobacco. 
 
 counnission Imsiness in Richmond, to which 
 partnership he succeeded iu 1889, on Mr. 
 I'arrish's retii'ement. 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 123 
 
 He is president of tlie .Joiix M. Tayldk Le.u- 
 Tobacco Compaxv, a eoiifeiu incoriiorati'il un- 
 der the laws of the State of Nortli Carohna, of 
 which J. S. Can-, of Durham, N. C , is vice- 
 president, and Jolin W. Smitii, of the same 
 place, secretary. Its capital stock is $.",0,000 ; 
 its principal office is in Richmond, lie is a 
 director also of the People's Buildintr, Loan and 
 Trust Compau}'. 
 
 He makes a specialty of " bright leaf," and is 
 a shipper to all parts of the Union and an ex- 
 porter to European countries. His sales aggre- 
 gate from $150,000 to |200,000 per annum. 
 
 P. LiGHTFooT WoEMELEY, dealer in leaf to- 
 bacco, has a warehouse on Eighteenth street, be- 
 tween !Main and Cary streets, and a steinmery at 
 Twenty-tirst and Cary, wliich furnishes employ- 
 ment to from 75 to 150 hands, and is in charge 
 of hisbrotlier, C. L. "Wormei.ev. Thisstemmery 
 has a capacity of 1,000,000 pounds annually. 
 He handles tobacco largely on commission for 
 European houses, as well as for the home 
 trade. 
 
 Mr. Wormeley's transactions in leaf as dealei' 
 and rehandler, will aggregate $1,500,000 a year. 
 
 Kentucky and Tennessee leaf as well. He has 
 been in the trade since 1872, and is thorouglily 
 conversant with it in all its phases. 
 
 P, LIGHTFOOT WORMELEY 
 Dealer in Leaf Tobacco. 
 
 mosth- tobacco prepared forexjiort, which is his 
 specialty. He handles the bright North Carolina 
 product largely, but also the dark Virginia, 
 
 JOHN M. TAYLOR, 
 Dealer in Leaf Tobacco. 
 
 L. H. LiGHTFooT, dealer in leaf tobacco and 
 rehandler of it, at 106 South Thirteenth street, 
 is a native of Caroline county, \'a., where the 
 best of the famous "sun-cured" leaf is raised. 
 He was reared in that county, and has been 
 identified witli the tobacco business from his 
 youth, so that he knows every phase of it, 
 from "plant-bed" toping. He has worked in 
 the factories and has taken pains to post liim- 
 self, and he is at present, besides his occupation 
 as a ilealer and broker in leaf on his own ac- 
 count, buyer of leaf for ami a director of the E. 
 T. Pii.KiXTOX Cojii'AXY here, and is buyer of all 
 the stock for their famous old liraiid of " Fruits 
 and Flowers." 
 
 He has made himself an expert, in short, in 
 his business, and although one of the youngest 
 members of the Tobacco Exchange here, he has 
 a noteworthy reputation. As a dealer, he en- 
 joys a large F^iiropean trade, which last year he 
 soliditied by a special visit, during his trip 
 abroad, to many leading manufacturers and 
 ilealers i.>ver the big water. 
 
 He has a warehouse ami lehandling factory 
 at 1011 and 1013 East Canal street; has numer- 
 ous hands employed there, anil he handles in 
 
124 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 the coui'se of an onliniu'ily good year, all told, 
 fi-om 1,500,000 to L',0()0,00() iiounds of the great 
 staple of the State and its neighbore. 
 
 The Oi.n Dominion Tobacco Wauebouse, 
 operated by the firm of Sibi.ett & Carv, in 
 connection with their very extensive commis- 
 sion businesi-, is one of the largest tobacco ware- 
 houses of the city. This firm lian<lles a very 
 large proportion of the steniiiiiiig tobacco crop, 
 received in the Richmond market, in addition 
 to consignments of export grades, and its sales 
 mount up in the hundreds of thousands of dol- 
 lars annually — exactly how many is scarcely a 
 matter pertinent to this account. 
 
 R, C. MORTON. 
 Dealer in Leaf Tobacco. 
 
 Sublett & Cary, in fact, have been in the 
 tobacco trade here for twenty-seven years. 
 They have been exceptionally successful in it, 
 and both members of the firm have acquired by 
 means of it interests in banks, leal estate and 
 other solid concerns. 
 
 Mr. William Ciiui.stia.n is manager of the 
 "(>ld Dominion'' for them. He was formerly 
 manager of the Shockoe AVareliouse. He has 
 had life-long ex]ierience of the warehouse busi- 
 ness. 
 
 The Old Dominion Warchou.se is situated at 
 the corner of Eleventh and Byrd streets. 
 
 K. C. MoiiTox tt Co., commission merchants 
 handling leaf tobacco (R. C. and A\'. W. Mor- 
 ton), are father and son. Mr. K. C. Morton is 
 one of the oldest, that is to .say longest in the 
 tobacco trade, here. He established himself in 
 the business before the wai' ; was out of lousi- 
 ness <hiring the hostilities and resumed when 
 peace was again restored. He shipped the first 
 hogshead of tobacco from Danville to Richmond 
 after the fighting ceased. 
 
 He has been one of the most successfiil mer- 
 chants of his line, also, and has accumulated 
 eonsi<lei'able resources. He is one of the oldest 
 directors of the Merchants National Bank ; is 
 president of the Richmond and Manchester 
 Land Company, and is interested in many en- 
 terprises of the State, notably in the develop- 
 ment of mineral properties. 
 
 His .son and partner has been in the trade for 
 the last five years, and has been a partner for 
 three years of that time. He does most of the 
 selling for the house. 
 
 They are very large receivers of the finest 
 bright leaf of the North Carolina tobacco belt, 
 and of the Virginia dark variety. They are 
 members, of course, of the Tobacco Exchange, 
 and have their office in the building of that 
 body, which is shown in an illustration of this 
 chaiiter. 
 
 .1. M. CoxuAii's Sox.s, leaf tol)acco brokers and 
 commission merchants, dealing in all grades of 
 bright tobacco grown in Mrginia and North 
 Carolina, at l.'iOO Cary street, do a very extensive 
 business with manufacturers and other dealers 
 everywhere in the United States. They have 
 large dealings with the trade hei'e, in Louisville, 
 St. Ijouis, Cincinnati, and other parts of the 
 West. 
 
 Tliey receive, in the course of liusiness, from 
 3,000 to .1,000 hogsheads of tobacco, ecjuivalent 
 of ^.iOO.OOO to !?700,000 of value. They store 
 principally in the Shockoe and T>aven])ort Ware- 
 houses. They have two representatives on the 
 road. 
 
 The house of Conrad's Sons is an old one. 
 Its business was established forty years or more 
 ago by the late J. M. Conrad, father of its pres- 
 ent principals, Charles H. and P. T. Conrad, 
 the latter, of whom succeeded him in 1SS2. 
 C. H. acquired his interest in 1SS6. Both had 
 long experience of the trade before they l)ecame 
 principals in the business. 
 
 Their princijial factory is located at Danville, 
 Va. , and is in charge of the senior member. 
 Air. ( '. H. Conrad. 
 
THE CTTY ON THE JAMES, 
 
 1/ 
 
 125 
 
 Thornton & Co., buyers and reliandlers of 
 leaf tobacco and strips, at Twenty-second and 
 Gary streets, have capacity there and do a busi- 
 ness aggregating a million pounds. Their place 
 is three stoi'ies, S4 by 120 in area. In it tliey 
 employ from 25 to 50 hand.?. They make a 
 specialty of the trade in black wrappers, large 
 quantities of which, prepared by their own jiro- 
 cesses from ordinary leaf, they ship to outsidt' 
 factories, as well as sell to those here. A con- 
 siderable cjuantity of bright leaf also enters into 
 their aggregate of transactions. 
 
 Mr. F. A. P. Thornton, the head of this 
 house, has been in the tobacco trade since his 
 seventeentli year. He was with tlie large to- 
 bacco manufacturing house of P. H. ilayo & Bro. 
 for eleven years before he emltarked in tlie leaf 
 trade on his own account. He is a native of the 
 city, and as a successful dealer, a man of le 
 sources and property. 
 
 The Farmers' Tobacco Wakkmousk, situated 
 on Eleventh, between ^Main and t'ai'y streets, 
 has a capacity of a thousand hogsheads. From 
 2,000 to 2,500 are annually stored and inspected 
 in it. It is 50 by 110 feet, and four floors, and 
 was originally erected for the storage of iron. It 
 passed into Mr. John A. ilosnv's hands in 181S0, 
 and he is its proprietor still. He is a son of the 
 late John Mosby, who was sheriff at one time, 
 and also insjiector of tobacco in the Shockoe 
 Warehouse. He has himself been in the busi- 
 ness since his school-boy days, and is regarded as 
 one of the best authorities here in matters per- 
 taining to the Virginia staple. 
 
 Staples & IMartin, commission mercliants hi 
 leaf tobacco, at Shockoe Slip, make a specialty of 
 the trade in the fine and dark export leaf for 
 which Virginia is famous, and Richmond the 
 principal market. They get it also from Ken- 
 tucky and Tennessee, where consiilerable is 
 grown, besides. They are, in fact, the largest 
 handlers of tine export leaf here, and, as such, 
 do most of tlieir business at their own place, 
 and but little on 'Change. These premises of 
 theirs are large, their sample-room especially, 
 in which they have, from time to time, repre- 
 sentation of what is stored in warehouses here 
 and elsewhere, which, in the commercial sense, 
 is passing through their hands. 
 
 Their business was established in 1S51, by 
 Mr. W. T. Staples, senior member of the firm. 
 The interest of Mr. R. J. Martin, his partner, 
 dates from 1887. He had, however, a lengthy 
 experience liefore that : has had, in fact, about 
 twenty-five years of it since he first went into 
 the trade. 
 
 THE FACTORIES. 
 
 The chewing and smoking-tobacco fai'tories 
 of the city now number 32, according to the 
 count of the Dhpatch newsi)aper, January 1, 
 1893. They employ $2,700,000 of capital and 
 4,700 hands, and their output is valued at 
 $11,100,000 
 
 The cigar, cheroot and cigarette factories 
 number (i3, employing $l,(i00,000 capital and 
 3,350 hamls, and having an output of the value 
 of $4,250,000. 
 
 If to these totals be added tliuse of the stem- 
 meries and reprizing houses, |he grand total for 
 the tobacco factories of the city is 112 establish- 
 ments, employing $5,030,000 capital and 8,830 
 hands, and having an output of the value of 
 $15,(170,000 for the year. 
 
 The I'nited Slates census figures covering the 
 year ending 3Iay 31, ISilO, were: 89 establish- 
 ments, employing 0,332 hands, $5,.340,897 capi- 
 tal, and having a product of $9,G9(i,202 in 
 value. 
 
 The census of 1880 showed 92 establishments, 
 em])loying 7,120 hands, and $1,908,714 of capital 
 and $7,998,691 worth of product. The outjiut 
 then, it would seem, has douliled in value m 
 twelve years. 
 
 The remarkable growth of the cigar, cigarette 
 and cheroot businefs is shown by a comjtarison 
 of the 1880 census figures, and those of the Dix- 
 /Kilch for 1892, The number of factories of that 
 sort by the census of 1880 was 20; by the Bis- 
 putcli it is now 63. The hands employed in 1880 
 by the census were 358 ; by the Dinjialrli now 
 are 3,350 : nearly a tenfold increase. The out- 
 put in 1880 by the census was $343,702 in value ; 
 hy the Dixpdtch it is at present $4,250,000; an 
 increase of more than 1,200 per cent, in twelve 
 years, or 100 per cent, average a year. 
 
 ( )ther figures indicating the magnitude of this 
 business as well as of the trade generally are 
 these : 
 
 The total revenue collections of the district in 
 1892 (fiscal year to June 1) were $1,756,055, 
 $1,085,549, of wdiich was for tobacco, aiid $722,- 
 837 cigars, cheroots and cigarettes. 
 
 The exports of manufactured tobacco from 
 the district for tlie same period embraced : 
 (il,348 cigars; 37,379,100 cigarettes and (Feters- 
 liurg included) 10,931,422 pounds of tobacco, 60 
 per cent, of the latter item, Kichmond's pro- 
 duction. The estimate of the exports direct of 
 manufactured tobacco from here annually is 
 $2,150,000. 
 
 Some of the largest tobacco and cigai'ette 
 
1-26 
 
 Till-: r\T\ ON THE JAMES. 
 
 fiictorips in tlio world arc located at Ui<dmioiid, 
 and iioo'iilci' .■(' the liadr has a hi}.'lH'r reputa- 
 tion for the i|uality of its proiUict. Among these 
 {•real factories the followmsare notal)l(': 
 
 Ai.kxandkhCamkhox tkCn., C'amkhox & Cam- 
 KHox, and Wii.i.iAM Cameuox A Buoiuki!, of 
 Petershnrji', Va., are allieil concerns hy reason 
 of the fact that all three have the same princi- 
 l)als, althoufrh each operates independently. 
 They eonstitnte as a whole, in all i)rohahility, 
 the <ireatest of all the American 'I'ohaceo Works, 
 and yet they represent scarcely half of the in- 
 terests these jirincipals have in the trade, for 
 the Canierons o|jerate, hesides three in this 
 country, four extensive factories in Australia, 
 situateil respectively al Melhoinne, Syilney, 
 Adelaidi' and Hrishane. 
 
 The lirm of A i,i;\ \mii:h Camimiox t<: Co. 
 operates a plug tohaeco factory lieiT in I'ich- 
 niond ; Camkuox tV; Camkkon are maiinfacturcrs 
 of eii;arettes, cheroots, smoking tohaeco, long 
 cut and cut i>hig at l{iclnnond also. Wim.i.^m 
 Cameuox A Buo. make plug, twist and navy 
 tobaccos at Petersburg. The principals in Alex- 
 ander Canu'ron it Co., are Alexander Cameron, 
 of Kielmiond, and George Cameron, of Peters- 
 burg, and they are proprietors also of the Petere- 
 burg works. Alexander CameroTi, .Ir. , is asso- 
 ciated with them m their .\ustralian trade, and 
 is manager of all their atlairs in the .\iitipodes. 
 
 Ai.EXANUER Camkrox it Co. liave been estab- 
 lished since ISfio. Cameuox it Ca.mekox are suc- 
 cessors to a business founded in the same year, 
 and Wii.i.iAM (^AMEROX it Hko, dates from I85(i, 
 The head of the house here and general mana- 
 ger of its affairs is Mr. Alexander Camerox. 
 He personally directs the business, with the as- 
 sistance of experienced heads of deiiartments. 
 He is considered one of tlie most enterprising, 
 broad-minded and liberal residents of Rich- 
 mond, lie is a<rredited with a very large part 
 in tliat industrial restoration which has come 
 over the South, and especially this city, since 
 the war. 
 
 They make a specialty of high-grade goods, 
 and have for their principal customers the best 
 foreign and home trade. 
 
 They have, indeed, a world-wide business. 
 ]?esides their vast Australian business, they 
 have trade in India, South Africa and very 
 largely, also, in all the P.ritish Isles, jn-ovinces 
 and dependencies. 
 
 The plug tobacco factory of A i,r;\Axi)i;i; Came- 
 uox & Co. is situated at 2400 to 2422 Cary street, 
 and l(i Twenty-fourth street. Tlieir premises 
 there comprise a brick factory on Cary street. 
 
 44 by liiO feet, and live stories high, and a ware- 
 house and stemniery on Twenty-fourth street, 
 44 by 140 feet, and also five stories. The factory 
 is fitted up with tlu' most improved machinery, 
 driven by a (ireen steam engine of 100 horse- 
 jjower, with four boilers of 200 horse-power ca- 
 pacity, for drying purposes. From 200 to liOO 
 hands are constantly employed in it, and it has 
 a cajiacity for b.'iOO.OOO pounds of manufactured 
 tobacco yearly. 
 
 The stemmery, also a massive brick structure, 
 has a capacity for an e(|ual amount of strips and 
 leaf The aimual consumption of coal in the 
 entire establishment is about 2,000 tons. 
 
 All styles of ping, twist and navy are pro- 
 duced from dark and bright leaf; and from the 
 stemmery are sliipped dark and bright strips. 
 The leading brands made in this factory are 
 the "N'enus," "Queen of the Seas," "St. An- 
 drews," "(lur Game," "Canary," "Cinder- 
 ella," "Flower of All Nations," "Cable," "All 
 the Rage," " Double Pet." "Signet," "Have- 
 lock," "tialatea," ".\|)ollo," "Pioneer's He- 
 light," "Gloria," and Florinda." 
 
 The cigarette, cheroot and smoking tobacco 
 factory of Cameron it Cameron is, likewi.se, a 
 prodigious works, comprehensively equipped, 
 and is included in the block just described. 
 
 They employ 2.'>0 hands here, and have a 
 working capacity for a large output of cigarettes 
 and cheroots, and of about 10,000 pounds of 
 smoking tobacco a day. This factory is famous 
 for its "(iold Medal," "Golden (iate," "Rich- 
 mond Club," "Favorite," and "Purity" paper 
 cigarettes; " Havanettes," Three and Five 
 "Beauties," "Purity," "Circle Club," "Cuban 
 ■Sixes," and "Favorite" cheroots; "Cuban 
 Dainties," "Little Darlings," "Little Giants," 
 "Centennial Pets," "Cameron's Entire," and 
 "Old Hero" all taharco cigarettes; and their 
 celebrated smoking mixtures, "Catac," "Gold- 
 en Square," " Famosa," "Richmond Club,'' 
 "Richmond Star," "English Birdseye." besides 
 "Canuck," "Purity," "Raleigh." "Virginia 
 Bell," " Favorite,' and other brands of tobacco, 
 put u]! in all styles and shapes, which are cele- 
 brated, not only m this country, but in all parts 
 of the worlil. 
 
 AVim.iam Cameron it Brother have then- 
 Petersburg factory at Perry and Brown streets, in 
 that city. It is a handsome, loftj- and imposing 
 structure, of modern architectural design, which 
 a city many times Petersburg's size might well be 
 proud to have. It occupies the site of the firm's 
 original factory, which was burned to the ground 
 in 1878. It is four stories high, with an orna- 
 
128 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 mental iu])i>l:i, unil has a front on Brown stri'ot 
 of 180 feet, by a depth on Periy street of 240 
 feet. The otliees, warehouse, engine-house and 
 <lryin<:-roonis <ic'cupy separate buildings, which, 
 together, form a spacious i|nadransle, affording 
 ample room for the special work of each depart- 
 ment. Hut of still higher importance than even 
 substantial and cajiacious buildings, is the ma- 
 chinery with whicli the various styles of plug, 
 twist and navy tobacco are prejiared, and in 
 this respect (^ameron's factory is splendidly 
 eiiuii)ped. This machinery was manufactured 
 from designs specially jircpared for this factory, 
 and is I'un with three boilers of 2.50 horse-power 
 cajiacity and a 100 horse-power engine, and its 
 own electric light plant. 
 
 whose business ability and succe.ss have ex- 
 tended the firm's operations year by year. 
 
 The appointments and facilities of tlie Aus- 
 tralian factories of the Camerons are (juite equal 
 in every respect to those they maintain in this 
 country. It is not so long since those at ."Sydney 
 and Melbourne were enlarged and improved at 
 a cost of over £20,000 each. At both of these 
 Australian factories Messre. Cameron & Bro. 
 have also found it necessary to establish their 
 own bonded wareliouse to facilitate tlie trade 
 there, and these warehouses are under the 
 charge of officials detailed for that special duty 
 by the Colonial (Government. 
 
 The illustrations accomjianying this matter 
 show the exterjKil ajipearance of the Kich- 
 
 WILLIAM CAMERON & CO S PETERSBURG FACTORY. 
 
 This factory alone employs over 600 hands,* 
 wliich means, in other words, that it feeds 
 nearly 3,000 mouths, and has a capacity of over 
 2,.500,0()0 pounds a year. 
 
 Its leading brands, the "Raven," "Have- 
 lock," "Two Seas," "Orion," "Canary," "Our 
 Chief," "Peach and Honey," "Mazeppa," and 
 "Pluck," are famous wherever the virtues of 
 superior aromatic "Cavendish" and "Twist" 
 are appreciated. 
 
 For many years past the management of this 
 extensive and increasing business has received 
 tlie personal attention of Mr. George Camerox, 
 
 niond and Petersburg factories of this house, 
 and are somewhat an indication also of the 
 scope of its remarkable business. 
 
 Mr. Alexander Cameron is an active partici- 
 pant, also, in the good work of the Chamher of 
 Commerce. 
 
 J. J. HicKOK & Co., tobacco mamifacturers, 
 rank among the liveliest, most ftirward and 
 most rapidly growing concerns in their trade 
 here. They make a specialty of the genuine 
 old Virginia "sun-cured" tobaccos, and claim 
 for their products a natural sweetness, tough- 
 ness and flavor unequalled by any other goods 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 129 
 
 on the market. They aho make to order, into 
 plu}< and ent pUii;, and in any style wanted, 
 bright Virginia and Xortli CaroHna line cnred 
 tobaeeo, as well as the " Bnrley " or Western 
 leaf. 
 
 Their leading brands of sun-cured, are Hie- 
 kok's "Pure Velvet," "No. 1," "Fig," "H. D. 
 C." and "Caroline Sun-Cured"; of navy plug, 
 the "Royal Eagle" ; and of cut-plug brands-, 
 the "Grand" and "Ro.se of Virginia." 
 
 They have been about three year.s established 
 in their present concern, but Mr. Hickok's five 
 year's experience as partner with Hancock, of 
 this city, and that of Mr. J. Flood Wooldridge as 
 
 " pushed," as the trade term is, by a house with 
 ample capital and full of energy, their goods are 
 rapidly coming into public favor, liecause they 
 are all that i.s claimeil for them in respect of 
 general superiority and uniform excellence. 
 This firm also has memliership in the Cn.\.M- 
 
 BER OF COM-MERCE. 
 
 W. T. H.vNcocK, manufacturer of i)lug tobaccos 
 at Twenty-sixth and IMain streets, makes a spe- 
 cialty of fine sun-cured goods for the domestic 
 trade, and gives his attention chiefly to what 
 are known in the trade as navies, twist, coil, 
 light i^ressed, gold block and natural leaf to- 
 bacco. He makes seventeen brands of navies 
 
 J J, HICKOK & CO S PLUG TOBACCO FACTORY 
 
 superintendent and managing manufacturer for 
 the same house for many years, is a sufficient 
 guarantee that they know their business thor- 
 oughly. Like the other large tobacco nianufac- 
 turers of this city, they take the whole country 
 for a field, and have men on the road establish- 
 ing their brands in new territory all the time. 
 Their present capacity is aliout 1,000,000 pounds 
 manufactured goods, and their factory, 261o to 
 ■J019 ^lain street, is equipped with the latest 
 and most a]iproved machinery. 
 
 No firm of this city stands higher for integrity 
 and fair dealing than J. J. Hickok it Co., and 
 
 y 
 
 alone ; and of fine sun-cured tol)accos a dozen 
 or more ; and in addition to these a large num- 
 ber of ordered brands, in styles to suit the trade. 
 He has considerable business on the Pacific 
 Coast, and quite an Australian patronage. 
 
 His facilities are indicated by the following 
 facts : His factory, a five stoiy place, cost, with 
 its equipment, 5i60,000. In it he employs 200 
 bands. His output is about 1,250,000 pounds a 
 year, in value upwards of §250,000. He has 
 four or five men on the road selling for him. 
 
 3Ir. Hancock is sole proprietor of this factory. 
 He is successor to the tirni of Salmon, Hancock 
 
13U 
 
 THE CITY ON TiiE .lAMES. 
 
 & Co., in wliicli 111' was a partnur wlicn that 
 linn began in a small way here soon after the 
 war. To his eflbrts, ehiefiy, development of the 
 business is ilue. lie has been in the trade 
 altoj,itlier thirty-five years. He is a Virjiinian 
 by birth, a Confederate veteran, and <lireetor of 
 the Security Savinjp Bank ; and the faet also 
 that he is a director of the Cuamiiku oi- CoM- 
 MKKcK, and was recently elei'ted vice-i)resident 
 of the Tobacco Kxchange, is an indication of the 
 favor and consideration in which he is held by 
 his a.ssociate.s in business geneially here, where 
 he is best known. 
 
 This factory was established in ISMO l)y K. A. 
 Mayo, father of P. H. Mayo, president nf the 
 (■oMi|iaiiv now. !\Ir. Mayo has associated with 
 him in the manatrement, Tho.m.vs Atkinson, Jr., 
 who is vice-president of the company ; Edwako 
 C. Mayo, secretaiy and treasurer; and J. AV. 
 .\iKiNso\, Jr., assistant secretary. The IMessrs. 
 .\tkinsdn are his nejihews. The company was 
 incorporated and succeeded the tirm of I'. H. 
 Mayo & I!ro. about two years ago. 
 
 The original Mayo factory was at Tweiily- 
 lifth and Cary streets. The one now occupied 
 by the company was built in 1873. It was 
 
 'Ht P. H, MAYO h. BRO, TOBACCO FACTORY, 
 
 r. II. Mayo a liito., Inc., operate, at K! to 2.'} 
 South Seventh street and 11:! of the .same street, 
 one of the largest of American tobacco factories. 
 They employ •S2.50,(K)0 capital in their business, 
 have four to five hundred hands at work, and a 
 factory of cai>acity to ]iroduce 400,0110 iKHinds of 
 the nnmerons superior brands whiih have been 
 intro(Uiced by them or their predecessors, and 
 found favor during the sixty-two yeare the es- 
 tablishment has been doing business. 
 
 damaged by lire about a year ago and was then 
 reconstructed and enlarged. It covers about a 
 third of a lilin'k, and across the street from it 
 tlie company lias two large leaf factories. 
 
 The brands turned out by this factory are 
 very numerous. Some of them are made for 
 export, others for domestic trade. Its standard 
 specialties are: "Eglantine," "Ivy," "Mayo's 
 Cut Plug," "Holly," "Banquet Sweet Chew- 
 ing," and "Mayo's Cicnuine V . S. Navy," which 
 
p. H. Mavo & Bro.'s capacity should read 4,000,000 
 lbs. per annum. 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 131 
 
 was t lie first "navy plug" evcrnuicle inthiscoun- 
 li'v. The company has five men on tlic roail, 
 anil has agents besiiU'S hi Liverpool and Bristol, 
 Kug., in wliich cities the house of Thomas I'. 
 •Inse & Sons represents them. In Boston, Stephen 
 Tilton & Co. are their rejjresentatives ; and in 
 Baltimore, A. Seeniullcr i^c Sons do their 
 business. 
 
 The name of Mayo is historic here. It was a 
 .Mayo who, with Byrd, laid out the <'ity, and 
 the I'aniily has had one or more representatives 
 pi'iiniiiieiit in every generation here since, 
 (hie of the attractions of the city to touri.sts, 
 is the burial place of the jrreat Indian chii f, 
 
 pounds, and sales of 1,2.)0,000 to 1,."AX),000 
 pounds a year. His siiecialties are twist, li,i.dit 
 pressed and other prevailiiifx styles of plug, and 
 his output is largely exported. He has, how- 
 ever, an excellent trade in Pennsylvania and 
 other Eastern States and California. His lead- 
 ing lirands are the "King Phillip," "Man's 
 Comiianion," "Bright Mars," and "Trumps 
 Long Cut. " This " Tnimps ' ' Ijrand is flu t Ijccom- 
 ing the standard goods of the East. He manu- 
 factures also private Ijrands for tlie trade to 
 order. 
 
 Mr. Cullingworth is a native of the city, a 
 graduate of the University of Virginia, has liecn 
 
 J N CULLINGWORTH'S TOBACCO FACTORY, 
 
 I'Duliatan. wliicdi is on tlie olil Mayci liomcsteail 
 al)out a mile below Richmond corporate limits. 
 This place has been the home of the Mayo 
 family for a century ami a half 
 
 J. X. CrLLi.VGWORTii, tobacco manufacturer 
 of 2.50S to 2.522 East ^Main street, began in the 
 l)usiness as an employe in 1870, an<I by intelli- 
 gent application to it he lias built up one of the 
 largest establishments of the city. He is the 
 sole proprietor now of a factory employing 2.50 
 li.mds, having capacity to produce 2,000,000 
 
 a jiiurnalist, and is conspicuous for Ins activity 
 in church work, especially that of the First 
 Presbyterian congregation. He is a director of 
 the Manchester Paper Twine Company, and a 
 member of the Chamber of Commerce. 
 
 Joseph G. Dill, manufacturer of plug, smok- 
 ing and chewing tobacco, at Twenty-first and 
 Franklin streets, is a well known name of that 
 trade here by reason of the extensive business 
 and long establishment of the house it desig- 
 nates. Mr. J. G. Dill is dead, and the business 
 
i;w 
 
 TTTE CITY ON TTTE JAMES. 
 
 is I'lUTicd nn by his lirother, Ailolph. The 
 leiKliii'; hranil of tliis factory is "Dill's Best" 
 phig and cut i>Uig, which oritcinated before the 
 war, and which lias an established reputation, 
 not merely in this country, but in foreign pails. 
 The house, in fact, has been in business since 
 1.S4S. This factory covers, with its leaf house, 
 aliont a i|uarter of a square. It employs I'l'o 
 hanils, and have a capacity of aljout (i,()(H) pounds 
 a day. It is j-cjiresented on the road by five 
 travellini; men. It has a very large Western 
 ami New I'.nirland trade. 
 
 T. T. M.\Yo, manufacturer of i)lug tobacco, at 
 1.51S Cary street, has been established for twenty 
 years. He is one of tlic Mayo family wliich 
 has been identified witli the trade on a lai'ge 
 scale here from its eai'liest inception. He man- 
 ufactures, chielly for export, tlie following 
 brands: "Pride of the Nations," "Reward of 
 Industry," "Just the Thing," and "Sweet 
 Reverie." 
 
 His factory is ."lO by KM feet, and thrive stories 
 high, and is thoroughly fitted up with the latest 
 machinery for the business. He enijdoys, in 
 all, about 7.5 hands. 
 
 TheT. C. Wii,i,i.\Ms Comi-anv, tcibaci'n manu- 
 facturers at the foot of Seventh street, operates 
 here, as a single conc-ern, two of the largest fac- 
 tories, making plug and twist chiefly, and fine 
 export tobaccos largely, not of Richmond only, 
 but of the United States. This company was 
 incori>orated in IS.S!), u]ion the death of the late 
 Thomas C. Williams (from whom it fakes its 
 name), as successor to the old firm of Thomas 
 ('. Williams & Co., whose predecessor was 
 .himes Thomas, Jr., established more than fifty 
 years ago. It has ?;400,000 capital stock. Tlie 
 output of its two ftu^tories is from 3,000,000 to 
 4,000,000 pounds of finished stock annually. It 
 furnishes enii)loyment to some 700 hands, and 
 is, perhaps, the best known concern of the trade 
 here to the dealers in foreign lands. 
 
 It was a notable establishment before the 
 war, even, and is still niaimfacturing many of 
 the brands that were originated by it then. It 
 is best known, [jcrhaps, by its famous "Lucy 
 llinton" brand ; scarcely less so, however, than 
 by numerous others, among them the following : 
 "Mattaponi," "May Apple," "Nosegay," "Paris 
 Medal," "Golden Kagle," "Plum," ""Old Do- 
 minion," and many others for domestic con- 
 sumption ; and for foreign trade, "Imperial 
 Ruby," "Bird's-Kye Twist," "Victorv," "Gold- 
 en Kagle," "Mabel," "Juno," "Janus," etc. 
 
 It is hardly necessary to go into details con- 
 
 cerning the processes of manufacture in this 
 establishment. It is sufhcient to say, in that 
 respect, that its management is in the hands of 
 experts in the business of life-long identification 
 witli it, and that its fame, both in this country 
 and abroad, coi\clusively establishes the superi- 
 ority of its jii'oducts. The late T. C. Williams 
 was manager of it for the founder of the busi- 
 ness before he reached the head of it himself; 
 and to his eftbrts, in large part, the develop- 
 ment of this trade is due. He succeeded Mr. 
 Thomas in 1802, and the firm of T. C. Williams 
 & Co. succeeded him in 1886. Robert S. Bosher, 
 .lames T. Parkinson and Thomas C. Williams, 
 Jr., were his partners in that firm. Mr. Bt)SHEU 
 is president of the company now; Mr. Williams, 
 vice-president ; Mr. P,\kkinson, .superintendent; 
 and Mr. W. S. Woutii.^m, secretary and treas- 
 urer. Mr. J. C Knox manages the company's 
 "No. i'" factory. Mr. Bosher is a native of the 
 city, and has been with the house from his six- 
 teenth year. He may certainly be said to have 
 been raised to the business. Mr. Parkinson has 
 been in the business twenty-two years ; Mr. 
 ^^'ortham seventeen years; and My. Williams 
 eight or ten years. 
 
 The Ai.i.EX & Gi.NTER Branch of the .Ameri- 
 can Tobacco Company is a concern of such world- 
 wide celebrity that it is scari'ely worth while 
 to begin a sketch of it witli descriptives. 
 
 It is known everywhere in this country by 
 its extensive business ramifications, and by 
 means of its special productions, and is famed 
 abroad as a representative American industrial 
 enterprise. 
 
 It is the gi'eatest concern, without cjualification 
 or Inincombe whatever, of the kind . in the 
 world. To Richmond, however, it is of special 
 importance as the einiiloyer of 1,200 of its pop- 
 ulation, and the circulator of fi2.50,000 wages 
 annually, not to speak of the incidental business 
 arising from its inirchases of stock and exten- 
 sion of its premises and appointments; for, not- 
 withstanding its prodigious business already, it 
 continues steadily to grow, (rreat as it is, how- 
 ever, it is a develoisment of only twenty years' 
 establishment. It had its origin in the start 
 made by John F. Allen and Lewis Ginter in ' 
 1872. It was incorporated in 1888, and in 1890 
 became a branch of the American Tobacco Com- 
 pany, a corporation having a membership em- 
 bracing the largest factories in this country. 
 
 It is under the control of Mr. John Pope, 
 managing director, and ^Ir. Tho.mas F. Jeffress, 
 cashier. Mr. Poiie has been identified with the 
 
THE T. C, WILLIAMS TOBACCO COMPAIJ r S ^<ORKS, 
 
KM 
 
 TliE CITY ON TIIE JAJSIES. 
 
 riinipiiny since it.s foundation ; Mr. JeflVoss has 
 liciMi witli the house aliout ten years. 
 
 The eai)aeity of tlie f'aetorie.s here operated l)y 
 the l)rancli is ci|nal to tlie iirodiirtion, annually, 
 of ,S()0,(HlO,t)Ot) cigarettes and :l()0,OI10 jiounds of 
 smoking tohaeeo. The actual production is a 
 little less than 000,000 cigarettes, and 250,000 
 pounds of tobacco. 
 
 The various factories and warehouses of the 
 company now cover the best part of two squares 
 liere. The cigarette factory is 00 liy l.")0 feet, 
 and four stories high ; the tobacco factory 52 by 
 1.50 feet, and five stories high; tlie leaf deiiart- 
 ment 75 bv 1-50 feet, and live stories high; the 
 
 The American Tobacco Company, of which this 
 is a branch, has a capital stock of $."5,000,000, 
 and enii)loys from 1.50 to 200 travelling men. 
 
 It has branches in Xew York city, Baltimore, 
 JMd. ; Louisville, Ky. ; Durham, X. V ; Roches- 
 ter, N. Y. ; and New Orleans, La. ; as well as 
 liere; and it has sales agencies and distrilmt- 
 ing depots in London, Hamburg, Brussels, 
 British India, South Africa and Australia. 
 
 Allen & (xinter achieved their distinction in 
 the trade by their entei'prise in the matter of 
 advertising, and the branch continues to pursue 
 the same progressive policy. 
 
 These are some of their leading brands' 
 
 PACKING DEPARTMENT, E, T, PILKINTON COMPANY'S TOBACCO FACTORY. 
 
 warehouses 1.50 by 1.50 feet, part two and part 
 one story high ; in all, affording about five 
 acres of floor space, the greater part of it occu- 
 pied by expensive ilevices in the way of ma- 
 chinery, some of them having no counterpart 
 in the trade, made only for this concern, and 
 adapted to the jiurpose of producing its spe- 
 cialties. The cut on page 118 shows tlie exter- 
 nal a]i])earance of these ])reniises. 
 
 As to the field occupied by this bouse, al- 
 most everyone knows that it covers the worlil. 
 
 Richmond Straight Cut, No. 1, Cigarettes, 
 made of the brightest, most delicate in flavor 
 and highest cost gold leaf grown. 
 
 Pets, made of the same stock, longer and 
 slimmer; Dubec (Turkish); Napoleon (pure 
 Porique) and Dainties. 
 
 And of smoking tobacco: the Richiiioiid Gem 
 Curly Cut ; Richmond Straight Cut, No. 1 ; Ox- 
 ford Hash ; Old Rip ; Imperial Smoking Mix- 
 ture ; Turkish and Pen(|ue Mixtures. 
 
 The French government, after a rigorous an- 
 
THE ("ITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 135 
 
 alysis of the paper and tobaceo of wliicli the 
 Allen & Ginter cigarettes are made, has awarded 
 them contracts to supply it with their cigarettes, 
 in the face of the competition of mannfacturers 
 all over the world. 
 
 The E. T. PiLKiNTox ('i).\[rAN-Y, manufacturers 
 of smoking tol)acco, are distinguished in the 
 trade here as proprietors, as well as niamifac- 
 turer.'S, of that celebrated brand known and ajv 
 preciated everywhere in this country, as the 
 .sales of it prove, "Fruit.s and Fi.owkks.'' 
 
 This company is successor to E. T. Pilkinton, 
 established thirty-tive years ago. It succeeded 
 liim .January 1st, 1S92. It has $tiO,000 capital 
 and the following officers : 
 
 L. H. Neidecker, of Baltimore, pi-esident ; 
 W. G. Pilkinton, vice-president ; Loris de 
 Fernex, secretary and treasurer. These gen- 
 tlemen and C. O'B. Cowardin, George Schnii, 
 H. Theodore Ellyson, and L. 11. Lightfoot arc 
 the directors. Messrs. Cowardin and Ellysnn 
 are connected with the Richmond Uispulili 
 Company, as president and vice-i>resident. ic- 
 spectively — its owners in fact. Mr. .Schccn is 
 in the mineral water and tobacco trade here, 
 and JMr. Lightfoot a dealer in leaf tobacco of 
 thi.s city. This company's factory is at 1 III' 
 East Gary street. The cut on page l:!4 is a 
 cut of its interior. It has about 110 bands cm- 
 ployed and does a business that ranks it with 
 the largest concerns of the kind in the lan<l. 
 Besides its leadere, "Fruits and Flowers" 
 anil "Fruits and Flowers Mixture," it makes 
 a specialty of the following ln-ands : "( iolden 
 Sceptre," " Planter's Pride," " Comliina- 
 tion," "Old Reserve," "Connnon wealth," 
 "Farmer's Choice," and "Virginia Part." 
 It has six men on the road selling for it. 
 
 Mr. L. deFeniex, of this company, has been 
 a ]>lanter as well as a manufacturer of tol lacco. 
 lie has bad, besides, business experience as 
 banker in Italy and lawyer in Switzerland. 
 He is a native of the latter country. This com- 
 pany has a membership in the Chamber of Co.m- 
 iiEiicE and also in the Tobacco Exchange. 
 
 W. W. Russell, manufacturer of fine smoking 
 tobaccos at .514 North Twelfth street, has been 
 established m that line of business since 1S.S2; 
 for the first eight years of this i)eriod under the 
 firm name of E. T. Pilkinton ct Co.. though he 
 was sole proprietor. Two years ago he discon- 
 tinued the use of that name, as well as the man- 
 ufacture of their brands, and has since been 
 devoting his attention to fine and fancy smoking 
 tobaccos. 
 
 His leading brands are the " Virginia Creep- 
 er," "Topaz," and "(^ueen of Virgina." He 
 manufactures more granulated smoking tobacco 
 than any other house here, and he covers a 
 larger trade territory than any other here also. 
 He has four men on the road in his interest, and 
 his fancy smoking mixtures are sold all over the 
 Tnited States. His factory has a cajiacity of a 
 million pounds a year. 
 
 Mr. Russell is a Virginian, twenty-one years 
 resident of Richmond. A cut accompanying 
 this notice shows the outward aiipcarani'c nf his 
 establishment. 
 
 .1. N. Atkisson, manuficturer of cigars and 
 joliber of tobacco and smokers' artii'les, at 1011 
 East Franklin street, has, besides a large city 
 trade, a jolibing business in North Carolina and 
 
 W, W. RUSSELL'S TOBACCO FACTORY. 
 
 the twci»Virginias. He has followed this busi- 
 ness on his own account here for sixteen years. 
 He was engaged formerly, for nine years, in 
 a managing capacity for T. T. Mayo's tobacco 
 works, so that he has had opportunity to master 
 the trade thoroughly in all its details. 
 
 He turns out about li"i,000 cigars a year, 
 jirincipally the following Ijrands, which are 
 favorites with the public wherever they have 
 been introduced: "La Gitana," "Monitor," 
 "Little Dot," and "La Flor de Soto," the last 
 a ten-cent brand, the others five-cent. He has 
 receiitlv introduced a fine new five-cent brand, 
 the "J. N. A's Perfection," which is rapidly be- 
 coming popular among the local consumers. 
 
i' M At? 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 137 
 
 The J. Wright Company, of Franklin and 
 Nineteenth streets, at present, is successor in 
 business to what was, eleven years ago, when 
 it was started, the smallest tobacco factory in 
 Richmond. The estabhshnient of to-day is 
 the second in Virginia in point of (|>iantity pro- 
 duced of smoking tobacco and cut ]ilug, and in 
 point of (juality second to none in the country. 
 It has 300 hands employed, and a caixicity nf 
 :-!, 000,000 pounds annually, and il had a ihm- 
 duction of 2,000,000 pounds in hs'Jl. It has 
 $200,000 invested in its plant, and has seven 
 iiien on the road selling the domestic trade, 
 more particularly that of the New England 
 States. It has, in short, stea<lily aihanced to- 
 ward the front among the manufactui-ers of 
 tobacco here during the last six or seven years, 
 and is now about to Ijuild a new flictory at 
 Twenty-fourth and t'ary streets, with a capacit\- 
 of .5,000,000 pounds, lietter adapted to the grow- 
 ing requirements of its business than the one 
 it has at present. A cut accompanying this ac- 
 count .shows this new e.stablishmcnt as it will 
 appear when completed. 
 
 Its principal brands are : " Pride nf N'irginia," 
 "Master Workman," " Winner," "College Alix- 
 ture," "Richmond," "The Sultan's," "Old 
 Medford," "OUniill," "Silk Net," "Roll Call," 
 "Jackson's Julep," "Driver," and "Captain's 
 Chew ;" and besides these it makes many others. 
 
 This company was organized March ,1st, ISill. 
 J. AViuGfjT is its president and principal. 
 
 hands employed, and an equipment whicli en- 
 al.iles it to produce its superior products at the 
 rate of 100,000 daily, or 10,000,000 to 12,000,000 
 yearly. It is four stories high, and 42 by KiO feet. 
 
 ' VIRGINIA STAR CHEROOT FACTORY 
 Charles Millhiser, Proprielor 
 
 The " ViRiiiNiA Star" cheroot faetury, 'Slw 
 Charles Millhiser's establishmeut, which is 
 shown in the cut accompanying this matter, is 
 one of the representative and most notable 
 concerns of its line at Richmond. It has l.'iO 
 
 CHARLtb MILLHlbhK 
 Cheroot Manufacturer. 
 
 Mr. Millhiser tirst embarked in tlie ti'ade in 
 ISS."!, and he is one of the most substantial mami- 
 facturers of his line. lie has jesources and 
 propej'ty to back hiui, and tlie enterprise to 
 maintain the lead he has gained over compet- 
 ing concerns. 
 
 He has Ave men on the road selling for him. 
 They cover nearly the entire United States, and 
 he sells besides, largely, through brokers and 
 others, in all the principal cities. 
 
 The "Virginia Star" cheroot is his specialty, 
 although he makes also a number of other 
 brands. It forms — such is the demand Cor it — 
 nine-tenths at least of his output. It is made of 
 superior stock, and is of the best workmanship. 
 It is produced from tlie best New York, renn- 
 sylvania, Wisconsin and Havana leaf, under 
 the close inspection of competent heads of 
 departments. 
 
 Mr. !\Iillhiser gives the business iiersonal su- 
 pervision. He brings to his labors a long and 
 varied exi^erience, not mei'ely of tobacco in its 
 divers commercial forms, but of busine.ss gen- 
 erally. He is a native of the city, and was in 
 general mercantile pursuits from ISfili until 1S70. 
 
138 
 
 ^IMIK (UTY ON TITE JAMES. 
 
 Ill tliat yi'iir liL' wi'iit into the iii;iiuif:K-tuiv of 
 cigars, and afterwards included tlie trade in 
 le.'if tnliaccn ; and after speiidinir six or seven 
 
 W. L, FLEMING, 
 Richmond Tobacco Company, 
 
 years iinilltalily in tluit line liecanie one of 
 the jiioneers of elieroot manufacture liere, by 
 estal>lishinj^ tlie "Virjjrinia Star" factory and 
 lirand. lie is, as we liave said, a man of solid 
 resources and liigli character, and is well known 
 and highly esteemed here. He is a member of 
 the Cii.\MUKK OF CoMMKiKE, and is active in 
 every good work i)roposcd to further Hichniond, 
 and his home section generally. His portrait, 
 an excellent likeness, accompanies this matter. 
 
 JOBBERS AXD OTHER DE.M.EBS. 
 
 RicnMoxD also, as a great seat of the traffic in 
 tobacco, has numerous houses jobbing the 
 goods produced in its factories, some of them in 
 combination with other staples, like groceries 
 for instance, and others, as an exclusive special- 
 ty. Mention is made of s(mie of the latter in 
 the following paragrajilis, an<l also of some lead- 
 ing concerns luiinlling toluicco maniifacturer.s' 
 supplies. 
 
 The RicHMoxi) Tob.icco Co.mp.\xv, of 1318 
 Main .street, is a jobbing house, six years estab- 
 lished in a large business, aggregating, perhaiis, 
 $1.')0,000 m annual .''ales to the trade of \"iiginia 
 and North Carolina, which States are its field. 
 
 Its specialty is cliewing and smoking tobacco 
 and tobacco su})plies. It is well known by its 
 special brands of tobacco, "Matinee" and 
 "Stolen Ki,s.-;es." It has three men on the 
 road. 
 
 Its piYiprietor is 'Slv. "\V. L. Fi.eminc, a mem- 
 ber of the CiiA.MiiER OF Co.mmeiue, and a mer- 
 chant here since he came out of the war. He 
 was formerly in the confectionery business here. 
 He owns the premises he occupies, site and all. 
 The building is three stories, 22 by ll-'i feet 
 each. It is usually stocked to repletion with 
 full lines of the brands we have named. 
 
 Tlie SiiEii.o Toi!,\cco CoMP.vxY is successor to 
 the Sheild-Shelliurn Tobacco and Tobacco Sup- 
 pl>- Company, 004 East Cary street, which was 
 oruanized in 1891, with S.iO.OOO authorized cajii- 
 tal, and was itself sui-cessor to the partnershij) 
 of iSheild & Shelburn, previously established. 
 They are manufacturers' agents for the sale of 
 licorice, tin foil, tobacco and cigars, a large stock 
 of which they carry here for the convenience 
 of tlie trade. Their field is the Virginias, the 
 Carolina.s, Tennes.'-ee and Alabama. They have 
 five men out in these States selling for them, 
 and the principals in the company occasionally 
 
 SHEiLD TOBACCO CO,'S ESTABLISHMENT. 
 
 traverse this field themselves. Theii- annual 
 
 business is something betw^een $100,000 and 
 
 l?l')0,OO0, and its a.irgregate expands every year. 
 
 S. C. SuEiLD is president of this company, and 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 mo 
 
 G. C. Sheild, secretary and treasurer. Both 
 were travelling men for large houses of tliis ami 
 other cities before they emliarked in trade on 
 their own account. Both are, therefore, well 
 posted and experienced Imsiness men. 
 
 I)l-.\ford & C.\LLiGAN (F. B. Dunford and 
 A. H. Calligan), merchandise brokers and man- 
 ufacturers' agents, of 1107 East Cary street, 
 make a specialty of the trade in tobacconists' 
 supplies. They are Southern agents for W'e.vver 
 & Sterry (limited), of Xew York city, wliose 
 goods liave been preferred by the tobacco trade 
 over every other for years — tlieir Spanish lico- 
 rice, "C. G.," and Turkish licorice, "G. H.," 
 esjiecially, which have given uniform satisfac- 
 tion wlierever used ; and they also handle tonka 
 beans, gums, flavors, jiowdered licorice root, 
 and patent powdered licorice extract, and olive 
 oil. A\'eaver it .'^tcrry liave never before bei-n 
 represented in this field, and it is proposed by 
 Dunford & Calligan, as agents for them, to 
 push the sale of their goods in the trade ter- 
 ritory of the city with all pos.^ible vigor ami 
 enterprise. 
 
 As jobbere of tobacco also Dunford & Calligan 
 handle a brand of long-cut smoking tobacco, the 
 ■'Cohoke," which has Iiecn popularized and is 
 building up trade for them wherever introduced. 
 It is put up in five-pound boxes, in attractive 
 shape, and is sold by representatives of the firm 
 throughout the South. 
 
 Mr. Calligan, whose portrait accompanies this 
 matter, manages the tobacco and tol>accoui!-ts' 
 supplies department of their business. He is a 
 Virginian, a native of Dinwiddle county,, and 
 was, up to the time of their establishment here 
 (Xovember, 1892), secretary and treasurer of 
 the ^lancliester Tobacco Company, and before 
 that was with the toliacco exporting house of 
 A. (Jary. He has been in the tobacco trade, in 
 fact, about jill his life. 
 
 Dunford & Calligan are also engaged here as 
 general merchandise brokers and manufacturers' 
 agents, at the same place. ^Ir. Dunford man- 
 ages that branch of the trade, as described in 
 the cliapter of tliis work on the jobl.iing trade 
 of the city. 
 
 .1. D. P.\TTOX & Co., importers of, and whole- 
 sale dealers in, tobacconists" supplies, at 1307 
 Cary street (Major J. D. P.vttox and A. I". Dcx- 
 xan), have been established since 1S78." Their 
 transactions reach an aggregate that makes them 
 the leading concern of their line here. They 
 usually carry a s.')0,000 stock of licorice, sugars, 
 syrups, gums, oils, glucose, grape sugar, tin foil, 
 
 glycerine, etc. They have a s])ice mill in To- 
 bacco Alley, in which they emiiloy a dozen 
 hands. They have five men on the road in the 
 Virginias and Carolinas, and have sales approx- 
 imating, annually, those of the very largest 
 liouses of their line. 
 
 They are agents for the celebrated "G. C." 
 licorice. They maintain a warehouse, also, for 
 surplus stock, on Virginia street. They import, 
 direct, consideral >le of the materials they handle. 
 
 Both members of this firm are also members 
 of the Chamber of Commerce and Tobacco 
 Exchange. Major Patton hails from Danville, 
 but he has been in this line here for twenty 
 yeai-s. He was in it. in fact, at Danville, be- 
 fore he came here. He is president of the 
 
 A. H. CALLIGAN. 
 Of Dunford & Calligan, Jobbers of Tobacco, 
 
 Richmond Leather and Belt Company. Mr. 
 Donnan was, at one time (for some fifteen years) 
 in the hardware Imsiness here. 
 
 Warwick Bros., dealers in tobacco and to- 
 bacco manufacturers' supplies, at 1214 East Cary 
 street, carry a very large stock of imported lico- 
 rice ami gums, syrups, oil, glycerine and tla\'oi's. 
 They handle between :'.00,000 and 400,(X»0 [lounds 
 of manufactured tobacco in addition, and have 
 four men out on the road, in the Southern 
 States, selling for them. They do a business of 
 jxn-haps $2-30,000 a year altogether, and in the 
 
140 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 lino of toliairii inamilUctuivrs' xupiilicri uiv, in 
 all piohnbility, the largest concern in the city. 
 
 They are agents for tlie celebrated "La Hosa " 
 brand of Spanish licorice, one of the finest 
 known brands in the market. Mr. W. C. A. 
 SiiKiMiKiti) is associated with them, and he num- 
 ajies tlie department of tobacco snpplies. They 
 are head<iiiartersalso forcertain brands of cigars, 
 to which the conntry trade is very partial. 
 
 The name of Warwick is a familiar on<' here 
 fnim thcmany imporlant enterprises with wliicli 
 it is identilied. 
 
 The brothers are interested in numerous dther 
 concerns besides the house wliicli is the subject 
 of this sketch, amoii}; them, banks and other 
 institutions of a solid character. Tliey have 
 been in this line togetherfor about twelve years. 
 Mr. I'.vKii W Auwu-ic was in the leaf trade in 
 New Viirk and in Kentucky before that. Mr. 
 (iTWAV W.MtwK K was with .]. Harvey Blair, 
 John Williams, and other large houses here lie- 
 fore he went into this firm. Mr. l'>yrd Warwick 
 is president of the Kichmond Standard Sjiike 
 and Iron Company, one of tlie largest iron 
 works here, and is a director of the I'irst Na- 
 tional I'ank of this city also. 
 
 .1. li. 1,\mi'.i;i;t, wholesale and retail dealer in 
 tobacco and <'igars at !(02 Kast ;\Iain street, has 
 followed that line of Imsiness here since ])S7.5, 
 an<l has built up, meanwhile, an excellent trade, 
 retail largely, but also comprehending consid- 
 cralile jobbing business throughout tlie State 
 
 and in North Carolina, which joliliing he does 
 chiefly liy mail order. 
 
 He has the trade in fine and imported goods 
 here, and that is his specialty. 
 
 ]\Ir. Lambert is a native of the city. He was 
 born in the .same house in which his mother and 
 grandmotlier first saw the light. He was a 
 printer and a journalist in early life, and is 
 a veteran of the Richmond Howitzers, with 
 which he served at (iettysliurg and at Cold 
 Harbor (where he was badly wounded), and he 
 was engaged in other of the hottest contests of 
 the civil conflict. 
 
 He is a man of .substantial resources, and the 
 owner of consider.able projierty here. 
 
 TOBACCO TRADE. 
 
 Annual sales leaf in pounds 50,000,000 
 
 Value ot $10,000,000 
 
 Sales loose leaf $1,000,000 
 
 Warehouses ig 
 
 Aggregate storage capacity, hogsheads . 32 000 
 
 Leaf exported $170,000 
 
 Number factories, of tobacco 112 
 
 Number hands employed 8,830 
 
 Capital employed $5,0-50.000 
 
 Annual product manufactures $15 670,000 
 
 Leaf, Stemmed and repacked .... $2,320,000 
 
 Cigars, cigarettes and cheroots .... $4,250,000 
 
 Plug, smoking and chewing $g,ioo,oco 
 
 Manufactured tobacco exported $2,150,000 
 
 Revenue paid tobacco (yearly , Richmond 
 
 district $1,750,000 
 
 DR. I. A. WHITE'S RESIDENCE AND INFIRMARY, 
 Second and Ffanklin Streets. 
 
Manufactures Generally. 
 
 his city (Manchester, 
 of course, considereil 
 a part of it) is now 
 the second nianufac- 
 tiiring city of the 
 South; Louisville 
 only, of all the trade 
 centers i n t li e 01 d 
 Slave States, exceeds 
 it in gross annual 
 value of product ; 
 New Orleans, populous as it is, falls behind it ; 
 and this statement, we may say parenthetically, 
 is made by way of comparison only, and with 
 no invidious purpose. 
 
 Richmond, too, is one of the few cities whose 
 manufactures exceed its jobbing trade ; and it 
 has a larger proportion of its i)i>pulation em- 
 ployed in its factories than any excejit the dis- 
 tinctively manufacturing centers of the North. 
 Indeed, it surpasses some of these in that regard. 
 In proportion to the whole number of its resi- 
 dents, it has as many employed in factories as 
 Chicago, which, as a manufacturing center, is 
 now second only to New York. 
 
 Its progress and prosperity of late years, as 
 we have already said, have been most largely 
 due to manufactures new and old ; they are its 
 strength and shield as a trade center, and hope ; 
 in their diversity and extent, typical of its en- 
 terprise ; fit subject for pride : and, if it were so 
 inclined, for boast. 
 
 SUM TOTALS. 
 
 Ok the 1,737 Richmond business houses of 
 note, enumerated by Dun's Agency, more than 
 1,000 are manufacturing concerns ; out of a pop- 
 ulation of 11.5,000, no legs than 23,260 are em- 
 ployed in the factories of the city ; the eajiital 
 endsarked in them is .fil 7,500,000, nearly, in the 
 aggregate; and the value of the year's manu- 
 factured product of the city is now $42,300,000. 
 
 This is the showing of 1892, compiled by the 
 Chamber of Commerce for the annual trade 
 review of the newspapers of the city. These 
 statistics of the manufactures of the city show 
 gains in that single year of 22!i establishments, 
 2,Vtl2 employes, $31.5,000 capital invested, and 
 $7,837,850 in the grand a^regate of i)roduct. 
 
 It is only fair to explain, however, that, in part, 
 this gain is due to a closer count than has been 
 customary heretofore. 
 
 An interesting compai'ison is allbi'ded by cim- 
 trasting these figures with those of the census 
 bulletin, recently issued, showing the manu- 
 factures of the city in 1890, brought up to date 
 by means of the factors of increase for the ten 
 years preceding that year. By these factors 
 Richmond would have, January 1, 1893, (Man- 
 chester's 22 large factories, employing 1,8.54 
 hands included), 1,076 establishments, em])loy- 
 ing 20,654 hands, and $22,000,000 capital, and 
 paying $8,810,000 wages, with a product for the 
 year of $30,000,000. 
 
 The discrepancy between the National and 
 local tabulation is most apparent in the item 
 last given. But even the most cursory con- 
 sideration of the census figures shows them en- 
 tirely too low for the principal branches of 
 industry, and particularly for tobacco, flour, 
 iron, and the fertilizer business. We have seen 
 how the cigarette business has expanded (at the 
 rate of 100 per cent, a year) ; that cheroots were 
 au unknown statistical (juantity ten years back ; 
 that building improvements go on at tremen- 
 dous pace ; and in view of the additi(.ins and 
 enlargements, as well as new entei'prises in 
 every line of the last three years — the most 
 prosjierous years in Richmond's experience — 
 that the rate of growth in the period covered by 
 this census report, has been vastly exceeded 
 since it was made (beyond all reasonable expec- 
 tation here, in fact) ; and that this Federal com- 
 putation of 1880 is antiquated already ; and was 
 flat and stale, pointless, weary and unprofitable, 
 almost before, nigh three years old, it came to 
 hand. 
 
 I'KINCICAI, LINES. 
 
 TiiiiAico, as we have seen in the chapter pre- 
 ceding this, now makes $15,670,000 of the total 
 value of the annual manufactured product. 
 Next after that comes building material, of 
 wood and stone and metal, all that goes into the 
 make-up of structures, with boxes, brick, and 
 otlier items scarcely susce))tible of seggregation, 
 in point of fact, to the total of $5,210,000 of 
 values a year; then iron and iron products, 
 endjracing forgings, nails, machinery, cars and 
 
142 
 
 TTTR riTY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 lioili'i-s, ajrricuUunil iiiiiik'ivicnt.s, \va5r0ns, etc., 
 $-J,.')00,000 a yi'ar; then Hour ami meal, $2,800,- 
 000 ; then drugs and medicines, proprietary 
 sundricif an 1 all the prcparaticms (jf that classi- 
 
 ARTHUR B. CLARKE, 
 President of the Old Dominion Iron and Nail Works, 
 
 fication, ?1, 800,000, and chemicals ami fertil- 
 izers the same amount; and then the arts pre- 
 servative and Dnuiniciital, printing, engraving, 
 ami tliiit sort of thing, $1,470,000; then paper, 
 anil the products of paper, like tags for tobacco, 
 twines, paper boxes and bags, etc., $l,l'00.000. 
 These are the industries most of note. 
 
 Other items, however, worthy remarlv are 
 the following: Bakery and confectionery pro- 
 ducts, $7(50,000 annually ; -woodenware, V)askets, 
 brooms, etc., $7."iO,000 ; harness, trunks, and 
 leather work generally, $f)80,000 ; packing and 
 canning and grocers' specialties the same ; cot- 
 ton goods, clothing and kindred employments, 
 $580,000 ; furniture and upholstering, $4;!."), 000 ; 
 beer and ice and mineral waters, $400,000 ; oils 
 and paints, etc., $;!.")0,000 ; and tanning and tan 
 bark, $250,000. 
 
 These classitications are our own ; there are 
 scarcely twenty of them as we have jiresented the 
 subject, in order to make it as clear and succinct 
 as possible ; bvit there are really more than a 
 liundreil different manufacturing industries fol- 
 lowed here ; a variety certainly signiUcant of a 
 
 connnunity among whom the spirit of enterprise 
 is well ditt'used. And wliat manufactuR's the 
 city lias are of local origin — founded ujion the 
 resources at hand, developed entirely with home 
 ca]rital, by Ricliinond men, with Richmond 
 money, utilizing the niitural jiroducts of the 
 State and its neighbors. 
 
 A measure of what that enterprise is we have : 
 Tlie manufactures of the city the statistics show, 
 are twice what they were thirteen ycji's ago. 
 They were $20,000,000 then, and are $42,000,000 
 now. Tobacco, to be sure, was the largest item 
 ill the tabulations then, and is the largest still ; 
 lint setting it entirely aside, there are now $27,- 
 000,000 a year of other manufactures as com- 
 pared witli $12,000,000 in 1880, or 125 ]u-r rviit. 
 iiilvance, while tobacco has barely doubled. In 
 all parts, on all sides, you see, a concreting anrl 
 di'Velopment, and symmetrical rounding out. 
 
 Two things concerning the city's maiiufac- 
 turesare striking. One is the numbrr of large 
 concerns — above the ordinary — here, and the 
 (jtlier the diversity of industries pursued. ]Men- 
 tion has been made (in the preliminary de- 
 scriptive matter of Chapter I of the book I'of the 
 th we great iron works here, the Tredegar, the 
 
 C. H. TALBOTT (deceased) 
 Founder of the Shockoe Iron Works (Talbott & Sons). 
 
 Old Dominion and the Kichmoml Locomotive 
 Works, employing probaljly 2,500 hands be- 
 tween them. Of this class, there are, besides, 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 143 
 
 two big stove works, the Kiclnnoiiil SpiUc' WmUs 
 and the Johnson forge, for oar axles, in !^hln- 
 cliester; electrie liglit, and electrical construction 
 companies and establishments, and half a dozen 
 carriage and wagon and agricultural implement 
 works, of more than local note and business, 
 not to mention the minor sliops and smithies 
 that are here in scores. To the reference made 
 also to the flour mills, the cotton factories, 
 the pajier mills, and fertilizer works of the river 
 liank, we may add, that there are three of these 
 fionr nulls, two cotton mills, three paper mills, 
 and three fertilizer works, all of tlieni such as 
 would be considered important concerns in any 
 place. Then there is the Richmond Cedar 
 Works, with the special advantage of its own 
 timber lands, enjoj-ing almost a monopoly of 
 business in certain lines of woodenware : the 
 North Carolina Wheel Cnmpany ; the Rich- 
 mond ^lica Grinding Mills ; the Manchester 
 Paper Twine Company — tlie only concern of 
 the kind in the land ; and the Valentine INIeat 
 Juice Works, supi^lying, not this country alone, 
 but a world-wide trade, and employing steadily 
 300 hands. There are five mills grinding tan- 
 
 trunk factories of the .'^ciuth aninuir them ; three 
 shell lime-kilns, ice works, so.ip factories, large 
 concerns providing the tobacco factories with 
 
 btORGE L bTREET, 
 
 Of J. R. Johnson & Co. Car-Axle Works, Maury Station, 
 
 Manchester. 
 
 bark here, and preparing for shipment the in- 
 digenous sumac leaf ; four tan-yards ; eighteen 
 manufacturere of leather goods, one of the largest 
 
 JOHN R, JOHNSON, , 
 Of J. R Johnson &: Co, Car-Axle Works, Maury Station, 
 Manchester. 
 
 tags and lal.iels, bags and boxes ; numerous 
 stone-yards and quarries; sixteen brick-yards; 
 and two new breweries, supjilying tlie city, the 
 .State and a considerable field outside. 
 
 The raw materials for these factories — the 
 coal, and, in large part, the power — are abund- 
 antly, conveniently, and cheaply provided for 
 many, in fact most, of these factories : Virginia 
 and Southern iron for the forges and foumlries 
 and machine shops ; Virginia grain for the flour 
 mills ; Virginia -wood-pulp for the paper mills ; 
 Virginia or other Southern lundier for the man- 
 ufacturers of building material ; James River 
 granite for the workers in stone ; Virginia py- 
 rites and marl and fish for the fertilizer com- 
 panies ; Virginia hides and tan bark ; Virginia 
 shell for lime ; Southern cotton for the spinners. 
 The coal is from Virginia and AVest A'irginia 
 fields, laid down here as cheaply as at any man- 
 ufacturing center ; and, as we liave seen, tliere 
 is utilized of the power furnished by the James 
 River canal -1,000 hor.se-i.iower now, with the jiros- 
 pect of an increase in tlie near tiitvire to the full 
 measure of the available energy of the stream, 
 21,000 horse-power, by improvements which 
 
144 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 the Clie'sapeakc ami Ohio Railway Company, 
 owiiiM's of tlie canal, liavo under way. 
 
 Tlu' situation here is^one encounif-'ing to nian- 
 ufaeturing enterpi-isc. Some of the problems 
 for new ventures are to be found ready solved. 
 There is no lark of labor, and this element is 
 industrious and tractable. The coal and the 
 water sujjply is ample. The transiiortation fa- 
 cilities, both water and rail, ai'e good and are 
 impriiving. Along the water front of Rich- 
 mond proper, the space available for factory 
 sites is, perhaps, somewhat contracted, hut Man- 
 chester and the suburbs supply this deficiency 
 at reasonable prices. The conditions are all 
 favoral)le : As to materials generally, especially 
 tho.se commonly used : as to labor, transporta- 
 tion, fuel and water sujiply, sites, and, incident- 
 ally, those of taxes, licences, financial accom- 
 niddation, etc., which here are as favorable as 
 anywhere in the land. No great efibrt has been 
 maile to forwai'd the development of the city 
 in manufactures — no bonuses given or other in- 
 ducements held out — and the growth shown 
 by the figures we have cited is, therefore, the 
 result of these naturally favoring conditions as 
 homi' enterprise has put them to use. 
 
 OPI'OUTrXITIES srG(:E.STED. 
 
 Tlu' following are suggested by the Cii.vmbei;, 
 in its last report, as enterprises for which the 
 city affords a field : 
 
 Iron Works : A Basic process steel plant, to 
 utilize Virginia ))ig, and supply the South, at 
 a rate here cheaper than that at the North, 
 from which most of that metal comes ; a steel 
 boiler [ilate works, an iron bridge works, a 
 malleable iron foundiy, a wire mill, a tack 
 factory, and a wagon-axle forge. 
 
 OruEii Met.vli.r'Prodixts: More agricultural 
 im])lements works ; brass and iilumbere' goods ; 
 wrought agricultural irons ; a tinware and can 
 factory, to meet the growing demands of South- 
 ern packers. 
 
 Textile F.viiHus : A woolen mills ; a cotton, 
 rope and twine factory ; a knitting works ; more 
 clotliing factories ; a carpet works. 
 
 \Vooi)Woi!Ki.s-G CoxcEKXS : Another furniture 
 and chair fiictory ; a show case works, and coffin 
 factory. 
 
 Leather (^oods : A shoe factory ; harness and 
 collar factories ; a belting « orks. 
 
 PoTTEIU^» of all kinds for the making of terra 
 eotta building material, jiorcelain earthenware 
 and glassware, for which the clays and sands 
 of the country contiguous are said to lie well 
 adapted. 
 
 JliscEi.L.VNEors : Electrical machine works; 
 a wood pulp mill (to utilize Virginia poplar) ; a 
 snuir factoi'y, to work over refuse tobacco ; colil 
 storage works, and a works producing ammonia 
 for the numerous Southern concerns now making 
 ice liy artificial processes. 
 
 i:a\v m.vterials availaule. 
 
 OcroRTi'NiTiEs innumerable, in fact, are pre- 
 sented in the following report of materials avail- 
 able for manufactures here, comjiiled by com- 
 mittees of the Chambeh : 
 
 By the Richmond and Lianville Railroail sys- 
 tem : Wheat, corn and tobacco ; pine, oak, hick- 
 ory, gum, poplar, willow and maple, and of 
 other forest products, sumac, tar, rosin and tur- 
 pentine ; sulphur, pyrites, mica, carbonate of 
 magnesia, asbestos, manganese, graphite ; coal, 
 iron, lead, copper, and even silver and gold ; 
 granite, limestone, sandstone, brimstone, mar- 
 ble, clays for building and fire brick ; kaolin, 
 feldspar, baryta, ochre, soapstone and glass sand. 
 
 By the Atlantic Coast Line : All those of the 
 Danville, with the addition of cotton and rice, 
 and even a larger supply of timber and naval- 
 store products. 
 
 By the Chesapeake and ( )hio : Nearly all the 
 materials found on the Danville lines, and, be- 
 sides them, wool, staves, hides, plaster, petro- 
 leum, antimony salt, slate, cement rock, and, 
 in special abundance, cabinet and building 
 woods, sandstones, coal and iron. 
 
 By the Norfolk and A\'estern : The woods, 
 salt, plaster, lead, zinc, iron and coal of the rich 
 timber and mineral distrii-ts of Southwest Vir- 
 ginia and A\'est Virginia it traverses. 
 
 By the Farmville and Powhatan : The cera- 
 mic clays, the mica, .slate, granite, iron and 
 bituminous coals abounding along it. 
 
 IROX WORKS described. 
 
 TIk' Tkedeuar Iron Works, the largest and 
 oldest in the South, occupy twenty-three acres 
 on the river bank, at the fiills of the .James, and " 
 have buildings covering seventeen acres of that 
 area. They employ from 1,000 to 1,500 hands, 
 and the company that owns them, known offi- 
 cially as "The Tredegar Company," has about 
 $1,000,000 invested in the enterprise, which 
 sum is, also, the amount of its capital stock. 
 They are run l)y water-power and are eciuipped 
 with twelve indejiendent turbines in such a 
 manner that the water can be used twice. Each 
 dejiartment has its own motive-wheel, and thus 
 an accident to one does not necessarily shut 
 down the works. 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 145 
 
 These departments are as follows : A rolling 
 mill of 100 tons daily capacity ; four foundries, 
 with two cupolas that have capacity of 50 tons 
 daily ; car shop, employing 16 gangs of men, and 
 having 32 stalls, or a capacity of 10 ears daily ; 
 a horeeshoe mill of 200 kegs capacity daily : four 
 spike mills of 100 tons daily capacity ; and a 
 steam forge of 00 car-axles daily capacity. 
 
 Two miles of I'ailroad track connect these 
 works with all the roads centering hei'e. They 
 are shippers of their products to all parts of the 
 United States, to the West Indies and !iIexico, 
 and also to South America. They have, in fact, 
 a world-wide trade. Oregon Hill, one precinct 
 of the city, is populated almost entirely with the 
 
 His son. Colonel Archer Anderson, also an 
 officer of the Confederacy during the four yeare' 
 struggle, and, like the general, a man of high 
 social as well as business standing here, succeeds 
 him as president. 
 
 The other managing officers are : E. R. Archer, 
 chief engineer of the works as a whole ; R. S. 
 Archer, superintendent of rolling mills ; .lohn 
 F. T. Anderson, assistant superintendent of roll- 
 ing mills ; F. T. Glasgow, superintendent of the 
 foundry and machine shops ; P. F. Cireenwood, 
 superintendent of the horee-shoe dei:)artnient. 
 
 The company has membership in the Cham- 
 ber, and Mr. E. R. Archer is one of the com- 
 mitteemen of that bodv. 
 
 i':i^.^)f^ sp»- 
 
 ^s. 
 
 
 
 THE J R JOHNSON CAR-AXLE WORKS, MAURY STATION NEAR MANCHESTER 
 
 employes of these works (about half of whom 
 are colored) and their families. 
 
 These works were established fifty-eight years 
 ago. Long before the war, even, the}' were 
 engaged in the building of locomotives, en- 
 gines and boilers for United States frigates, 
 and guns for the National fortifications. Gen- 
 eral Joseph R. Anderson, lately deceased, was 
 president of this company from 1867 until 
 1S112. He was identified with tlie works from 
 their origin. He was of note, also, as a gradu- 
 ate of West Point, a civil engineer by profes- 
 sion, and as a brigade commander in the Con- 
 federate army during the war ; and as a man 
 also of large investments in Southern projects. 
 10 
 
 J. R. Johnson & Co., manufacturers of car 
 axles at Mauiy Station on the Richmond and 
 Petersburg Railroad, have been established here 
 twenty-six years, but liave only recently l)udt 
 and occupied the works they have outside of 
 town. These are situated on the Richmond 
 and Petersburg Division of the Atlantic Coast 
 Line, with side tracks into them. They occupy 
 eight acres. The buildings cover an area of 
 50,000 square feet, and have an equipment e(iual 
 to any in the United States, iim by engines of 
 600 horse-power. They employ 100 men stead- 
 ily throughout the year, and make hanuiiered 
 car axles a specialty. Their capacity is 60,000 
 car axles annually. The}- utilize, for that pur- 
 
14(J 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 pose, sciiii> iron irfm-rally. They supply rail- 
 roads and ciir builders in all parts of the I'niteil 
 States. 
 
 Tlie priiK-ipals in the linn are .1. K. Joiissox 
 and CiEOROK L. SrnKKr, whose portraits are 
 on page 14.'!. They removed these works from 
 Phila<lelphia to this eity in the early part of 
 the year lS(i(). This firm has niemliership also 
 in the Ch.vmi!i:r or Commerce. 
 
 The Oi.i) Dominion Iron .\nd Nail Works 
 Co.Mr.\NY presents, by reason of its relative im- 
 portance in the scale of the intUistrial concerns 
 of Ridimond, claims to consideration that en- 
 title it to a foremost place in any w'ork descrip- 
 tive of the city'sbusiness interests. Few outside 
 the trade know how prominent a place iron 
 manufactures hold in this city ; and it is chiefly 
 that the knowled<;e may be sjn'cad concerning 
 it, and concerning these works in ]iai'ticular, 
 that this account is penned. 
 
 These works, as we have said in our general 
 remarks on the city (Chaiiter I), are very large, 
 and they are also very advantageously situated. 
 They have railroad facilities that place them in 
 communication witli all ])arts of the country, 
 and enable them to secure material and shii> 
 finished products at rates consistent with hand- 
 some profit,? and unqualified success. Enormous 
 productive caiiacity, combined with low freight 
 rates to all points, permits the company to ofi'er 
 the trade inducements beyond ordinary rivalry, 
 and to compete actively with any concern in the 
 land in respect of li< it h i|uantity and quality of 
 outinit. 
 
 The Old Dominion Iron and Xail Works are 
 located on Belle Isle, whicli comprises about 'iO 
 acres of ground, situated in mid-stream, I)ut 
 within the corporate limits of Richmond. This 
 island is, as its name implies, a charming site, 
 and it has lovely surroundings. It is in the midst 
 of the rapids of the river, a mile above tide-water. 
 On one side of it is Manche.ster, mounted, like 
 Richmond, on hills ; on the other, Hollywood, 
 Richmond's "city of silence and tombs." 
 
 Belle Isle was f:\miliar by name, throughout 
 the late unpleasantness, as a prison camp for 
 captured I'ederal soldiers. It was a seat of the 
 iron industry, how-ever, long before the W'ar time. 
 Its superb water-power facilities attracted these 
 to it so long ago as the early part of the present 
 century. The stock comjiany, known now as 
 the Old Dominion, was organized to occuiiy it 
 in 1858. The beginning made by it at that 
 time was, comjiared with the works of to-day, 
 a modest one indeed. 
 
 The works liave been enlarged from time ti> 
 time as the business grew, and they embrace 
 now two large puddle mills; a plate mill and 
 nail factory ; a horse-slioe factoiy ; three rolling 
 mills; a steel plant; a smithy; stores, offices, 
 machine yards, the great water wheels that 
 drive the machinery; and all the appliances 
 necessary now-a-days to expedite manufacture. 
 They embrace also a private railroad equiimient 
 of locomotives and cars plying through the 
 works for tlie transportation of material, raw 
 and finished, and over the bridges connecting 
 the island with the main land on either hand, 
 to a junction with the trunk lines centering at 
 Richmond. 
 
 Among the leading specialties of these w-orks 
 are the following: "Old Dominion" cut nails 
 and spikes, both iron and steel ; and "Old Do- 
 minion" horse and mule shoes. This last 
 named branch of the l)usiness was started in 
 1.S8S, and lias grown so since that the hor.se-shoe 
 department is one of the largest in these 
 works. The demand for the "O. D." shoes 
 extends over a territory stretching from Mary- 
 land to Mexico, and into the far West. Such 
 an expansion of trade could only be made with 
 first-class goods. 
 
 In the conduct of these works several hundred 
 men are enqiloyed. They are organized, for 
 operating purposes, in departments, each with 
 a chief The general of this army is the presi- 
 dent of the company, who personally directs the 
 commercial and manufacturing interests of the 
 business. 
 
 The office rsare as follows: Arthur B. Clarke, 
 jiresident ; Douglas Baird, vice-president and 
 general superintendent ; G. W. C.\ti.ett, secre- 
 tary ; J. B. Carter, cashier ; T. D. Baird, super- 
 intendent rolling mills ; R. M. Blankenship, 
 superintendent nail factory ; C. D. Kinnuell, 
 superintendent jiuddle mills ; John A. McGarry, 
 superintendent horse-shoe factory. 
 
 The directors of the company are Captain 
 I'hillip Haxall, president of the Haxall Flour 
 Mills ; Dr. Francis T. Willis, retired capitalist ; 
 ^Meredith F. Montague, secretary Virginia Paper 
 Company ; I). Baird, and Arthur B. Clarke. 
 
 The commercial offices of the company are 
 at the corner of Cary and Fourteenth streets, 
 where all purchasers of these goods, as well as 
 those interested in their nuinnlhcture, are gladlv 
 welcomed at all times. 
 
 The cut facing this matter is a bird's-eye 
 view of these works. A portrait of the pi-esi- 
 deiit of the company will be found on page 14:i. 
 
148 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 The Richmond Locomotivk and Machine 
 Works, situated at tlie north end of Seventh 
 street, uiion a tract of sixteen acres, are now 
 engaged in the inanufacture of locomotives for 
 every variety of service, and liave just completed 
 the macliinery for the hattle-slii|i Tkxas, a fact 
 significant of the com]ireliensive facilities and 
 extent of the estahlishment. 
 
 These works, hideed, are remarkable for their 
 magnitude. They employ about SOO hands. 
 They have an equipment enabling them to turn 
 out about 200 locomotives a year. They front 
 on the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway, where it 
 enters the city, and the side tracks of that line 
 run through them. The various buildings 
 would cover, if aligned, a frontage of 2,000 feet, 
 equivalent to six squares' length of city blocks. 
 These buildings embrace : 
 
 .Vn erecting shop, with six pits for locomo- 
 tive building, holding two standard locomo-X 
 tives each, and with a large travelling crane 
 running the entire length of the building, for 
 handling the heavier parts, and a full comple- 
 ment of tools for facilitating work. 
 
 .V boiler shop, equipped with four hydrau- 
 lic riveting machines, multiple drills, planes, 
 punches, etc., and all of modern design and the 
 ]>roduct of the best buildere. 
 
 .\ machine shop, with tools and appointments 
 of the first-class only, bought in the last few 
 yeai-s, and with all the lastest improvements in 
 the way of expediting and labor-saving devices. 
 
 .\ pattern stoi'age of four stories, surmounted 
 bv a tank holding.5,000 gallons of water, to sup- 
 plv the lioilers of the establishment, and also to 
 be used. in case of fire. 
 
 An iron foundry of 11 tons daily capacity, and 
 a'brass foundry of a half ton daily capacity. 
 
 X smithy with three furnaces, six steam 
 luunmers, and the necessary forges. 
 
 .\.nd an office building of three stories, with 
 (he general offices in the lower part, and draft- 
 ing rooms on the second floor. 
 
 .Vbout 1,000 tons of pig iron are consumed 
 annually in these works, and at the same time 
 .500 tons of scrap iron and 7.50 tons of bar iron ; 
 a grand total of 5,.500,000 pounds. The products 
 of this company go to all parts of the United 
 States. These products consist, in the main, of 
 locomotives, street and mine motors, special 
 boilers and heavy machines. 
 
 These works have now under construction, for 
 exhibition at the Chicago World's Fair of 18",i:! — 
 as an example of the «ork executed l)y them 
 for the trunk lines of the country, many of 
 whom are its customers — a monster locomotive 
 
 of the "Con.solidated ■' type. It is Ijuilding 
 from designs furnished by S. M. P. William 
 Gai-stang, of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway, 
 and is pronounced by all the raih'oad men that 
 have examined it a vei-j' fine piece of work. 
 It has four pairs of driving wheels connected, 
 and a two-wheeled truck. It is built of No. 1 
 material throughout, and is supplied with the 
 most approved fittings and furnishings, includ- 
 ing Westinghouse air-brakes on the tender, and 
 American outside equalizer driver-brake on all 
 drivers operated by air, ready to couple to the 
 train it is to pull. 
 
 These works were establishe<l iiriginally bj' 
 Colonel '\\'illiam E. Tanner and Mr. Alexander 
 Delaney, and were formerly known as the works 
 of the Tanner& Delaney Engine Company. That 
 company was organized and the name changed 
 m 1888. It has §7.50,000 capital stock and the 
 following officers: 
 
 AVii.LiAM H. Trigg, a memlierof the Chamber 
 OF Commerce, and one of its committee on banks 
 and currency, president ; .Joseph Bryan, lead- 
 ing attorney here, vice-president ; E. F. C. 
 D.wis, general manager; E. T. D. Myers, Jr., 
 assistant to the president ; George F. Jones, 
 secretary ; and W. G. Ferguson, ti'easurer. 
 
 The directors are the following capitalists : 
 William R. Trigg, Joseph Bryan, Lewis Ginter, 
 J. J. IMontague and ^\^ H. Palmer. 
 
 The Ricii.MOND Ikon Works, at Ninth and 
 Canal streets, arc owned and ojierated by Cham- 
 BLiN, Delaney ct .Scott, all three of them men 
 of long experience and expert knowledge of 
 their business. IMr. John Cha.mblin, senior 
 member of the firm, has been identified with 
 these works as proprietor since their establish- 
 ment in 1869. He is a native of Loudoun county, 
 this State, and is the manager of the firm's finan- 
 ces. JMr. Alexander Del.\ney was formerly one 
 of the firm of Tanner & Delaney, who founded 
 the Richmond Locomotive and ^[achinc "Works 
 here, one of the largest concerns of the kind in 
 America. Mr. James H. Scott, junior member 
 of the firm, is a native of the city, and has had 
 the very great advantage of education for the 
 higher mechanical branches of the trade in one 
 of the leading technical schools of the North. 
 He has also had considerable practical experience 
 of the business in California and New York. 
 
 These works represent, with their equipment, 
 an investment of 850,000. They cover a space 
 of .300 by 270 feet, or about an acre and a half. 
 The buildings are of brick chiefly, and are 
 fitted up with the latest and most complete 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 149 
 
 devices and appliances for the business in all 
 the departments. About 60 hands are steadily 
 employed in the works, and when occasion 
 requires, more even than that. 
 
 The specialty of these works is general archi- 
 tectural foundering and machine construction 
 and repairs. Heretofore castings have been pro- 
 duced chiefly, but the firm has lately gone into 
 machine construction more extensively than 
 formerly. They utilize Virginia-made iron 
 largely, and consume about 600 tons weight of it, 
 in the various processes of manufacture, a year. 
 
 The Richmond Stove Comp.\xy, whicli lias 
 works at Twenty-fifth and Slain streets cover- 
 ing half a square of ground and employing 
 aliout a hundred hands, is the oldest works of 
 
 men on the road, but its business has been so 
 long established and its products are so well 
 known and in such favor, that a vast amount 
 of sales are made directly from the works ^\ ith- 
 out solicitation. It consumes annually about 
 .■;0,000 tons of raw material. It turns out of 
 cooking and heating stoves alone, not to speak 
 of other products, oO,000 a year, and its annual 
 business is something like 8200,000. It employs 
 .30 moulders. Its facilities have been increased 
 at regular intervals during the last fifteen or 
 twenty years, to keep pace with the growtli of 
 its business, its works steadily enlarged and its 
 resources augmented ; and from all appearances, 
 another enlargement of them will be necessary 
 very soon again. It is, in fact, one of the rep- 
 resentative stove-wijrks of tlie South. 
 
 RICHMOND IRON WORKS, CHAMBLIN, DELANEY & SCOTT, Proprietors. 
 
 the kind in the South; it is one of the largest 
 also. Its business was established before the 
 war, and it was organized twenty years ago. 
 Mr. W. J. Anderson, its president, has been 
 in tills line of business all his life. He is 
 superintendent of its mechanical departments. 
 Mr. R. G. Reynolds, secretary and treasurer, 
 also an experienced man, directs its sales, 
 credits and office business generally. 
 
 The products of this company (cooking stoves 
 and ranges, heating stoves, fronts, gi'ate fixtures, 
 .stove hollow-ware and furniture) sell all over 
 the South, from Maryland on the one liand to 
 Mexico on the other. The company has two 
 
 V.\N Horn & Son, machinists, of 100.5 Kast 
 Cary street, have been estaljlished about two 
 years. They make a specialty of repairing light 
 work. They do a vast amount of repairing 
 upon electrical machinerj', and that is their 
 specialty ; and they handle the saw business 
 formerly in the hands of the Southern Saw 
 Works of this city. They do steam fitting also. 
 
 They are from Pennsylvania originally, but 
 have been located here for very many years, 
 and have always followed this line. Mr. Van 
 Horn, Sr., came here originally in 18.")."i, to 
 carry on the saw-making business, and sub.se- 
 quently drifted into general machine work. 
 
150 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 During the war he was in the Confederate cav- 
 ah-y. His son is a native here, and was raised 
 to the macliine trade by him. 
 
 .Iambs AV. (\\nu, iron and hrass founder, of 
 1710 to IToO l'>ast Gary street, occupies, as the 
 cut accompanying tliis matter sliows, extensive 
 ])reinises. Tliesc j)rt'mi.ses are 1.30 feet by 78, 
 tttd stories in front, witii surronndinns of yards 
 tliat give them additional conveniences. They 
 arc (itted uji internally with the recjuisitx' eiiuip- 
 nient for doing work tlioronglily and promptly, 
 and are the scene of the labors of a numerous 
 force of experienced men. 
 
 (.»ver these labors Mr. C.vui;, himself an ex- 
 
 ile docs a vast amount of work for the i)rin- 
 cipal .jol)bing houses of the city that make use 
 of iron work and mai-hinerv and manufactures, 
 besides architectural fronts, gates, and fenders, 
 andirons, sinlcs, ventilators, traps, and other 
 l)lumliers' work, in botli iron and brass. He 
 utilizes Virginia iron largely in this work, and 
 has rei)utation for the <nuility of all he ijroduces. 
 
 A. B. Cosby, general machinist, of 2318 East 
 Main street, gives special attention to the repair- 
 ing and designing all kinds of machinery. Mr. 
 Cosby served his time with H. M. Smith here. 
 He was afterward with the Riclimond Locomo- 
 tive A\'orks and the Richmond Cedar Works. 
 
 JAMES W CARR'S FOUNDRY. 
 
 ])ert, presides. Altliough a young man yet, he 
 is of note in the laisiness, as a master of it, in 
 both its connnercial and mercantile pliases. He 
 .»erved an apprenticeship here with the famous 
 Tredegar li-on Works, a iilace atlonling him 
 an insight, from the start, of the methods 
 and facilities of one of the largest works in the 
 land. He Ix'gan in the business on his own 
 account with a i)artner in 1885. Afterward he 
 bought out this partner and moved to his i)res- 
 ent place to keep up with the growth of his 
 patronage meanwbili'. 
 
 He began last year on his own account, in a 
 very small way, and has Ijuilt up a very good 
 trade. 
 
 Mr. Cosby's plant, in point of fact, is all new, 
 and, of course, of the latest pattern. It is equip- 
 ped with all the most-recently devised machinery 
 and ajipliances for the business. He employs 
 some ten or a dozen skilled men, and all work 
 entrusted him is executed under his immediate 
 supervision and with every attention to the 
 details of materials, workman?^hip and tinish 
 generallv. 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 151 
 
 Joseph E. Heixdl & Co. (.Joseph E. Heixdl 
 and William J. Sterling), machinists, boiler 
 makers and foundrymen, of 2404 and 2406 East 
 Main street, do a handsome business in that 
 Hne. They pride themselves on the complete 
 cliaracter of their facilities and the thorough- 
 ness with which tliej- execute orders. Their 
 place, that shown in the engraving accompany- 
 ing this matter, has all tlie latest appointments 
 for pattern making, brass and iron castings 
 and forgings as well as general machine repiW 
 work. They enjoy the patronage of many of 
 the factories here, of the tug boats of the river 
 jind of the machinery users here generally. 
 
 paratively speaking, young men, but they have 
 been in the business many years and have had 
 a lengthly experience. They have been in it, 
 in fact, from their boyhood. As experts them- 
 selves they have, naturally, gathered around 
 them the most skillful men they could find. Mr. 
 Heixdl manages their office business, and Mr. 
 Steeling the mechanical departments. 
 
 MouNTCASTLE & Talbott, boiler makers, of 
 200.S East Main street, are young men not many 
 years established, but they have acquired already 
 a very fine business. They do work for many of 
 the large tobacco factories here, and for the Rich- 
 mond Electric Railway Company, and they have 
 
 41 In 
 
 
 JOSEPH E HEINDL & CO S IRON WORKS. 
 
 They are e.'-pecialh- well prepared with pat- 
 terns for gearings, couplings, pillow blocks, 
 hangers, grate-bars, band-wheels and boxes, 
 lumber trucks and coal, draft, lime and ore cars, 
 and they can furnish, on short notice, either 
 parts or finished work of this character. ( )ne 
 of their specialties, for \\hich they have great 
 reputation, is the setting up of machinery with 
 a view to economy of motive power, fuel, labor, 
 etc. They will warrant all work done and ma- 
 terials used by them. 
 
 The partners in this establishment are, com- 
 
 recently been engaged in setting uj) the liatteiy 
 of boilers for the new electric-power plant on 
 Johnson Island. They have a tirst-class outfit 
 and skilled hands employed, and are ready to 
 figure on, or execute contracts of any size in 
 tlieir line, for the Virginias or the Carolinas. 
 
 ]Mr. Mountcastle served his apiirenticeship 
 here in Richmond with the old tirm of Ettenger 
 i Edmond, and was afterwards, for some time, 
 with the Richmond and Danville shops in Man- 
 chester, at which place Mr. Tal1)ott also served 
 his time. 
 
152 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 Talbott & Sons' Siiockoe JIaciiixe Works, 
 the largest works of the kind south of Philadel- 
 phia, in area covered, facilities and business, 
 and the oldest here, were established in LS89 
 
 TALBOTT & SONS' SHOCKOE MACHINE WORKS 
 
 Mr. Charles Talbott, founder of these works, 
 voluntarilj' resigned the management of the 
 Seaboard and Roanoke Kailroad, of Virginia, to 
 take charge of these works lifty-tliree j'ears 
 ago. Under his direc- 
 tion, they grew to be 
 the great works of the 
 South. They were 
 burned in 1869, but 
 were immediately re- 
 built, and large addi- 
 tions have been made 
 to them at regular in- 
 tervals by Mr. Tal- 
 bott' s successors, to 
 keep pace with the 
 progress of the trade. 
 There is a portrait 
 of the founder of these 
 works on page 142 ot 
 this book. 
 
 by Charles Talbott, father of the proprietors 
 at present, Charles H. and Allan Talbott, 
 who have operated them since 1870. They 
 are situated on Cary street, between Fifteenth 
 and Seventeenth, and they cover there a tract 
 of 350 by 460 feet. They furnish employment 
 to 250 hands, have an output of 500 engines and 
 boilers a year, and other machinery besides, 
 the whole valued at Ji300,000 or more, and have 
 twelve men on the road selling and soliciting 
 orders in the Virginias, the Carolina?, Georgia 
 and Florida. 
 
 They have an equipment embracing 
 all the latest appliances known to the 
 trade, and are prepared to till orders 
 of any magnitude, particularly in their 
 specialties, cotton-seed oil mills and to- j 
 
 bacco manufacturers' machinery; in 
 addition to which tliey produce sta- 
 tionary, ])ortable and agricultural en- 
 gines of all kinds and dimensions ; 
 locomotive, return -tubular, return- 
 flue, plain cylinder and upright boil- 
 ers ; saw, corn and wheat mills, and 
 milling machinery of every descrip- 
 tion ; hydraulic presses and pumps, 
 turbine wat(>r-wheels, shafting, hang- 
 ere and pulleys, wrought-iron work, 
 brass an<I iron castings, and machine 
 w-ork generally. Some very large 
 cotton-seed oil mills have lately been 
 put up by these works, and they are now tilling 
 other large contracts for the construction of 
 similar plants. 
 
 The Southern Stove Works Co.mpaxv, a cor- 
 poration with $o.'>,500 paid up in stock, and 
 $l."i0,000 annual business, occupies works cover- 
 ing a S(|uare's front on Cary street, between 
 Twenty-first and Twenty-second. In these 
 works a hundred hands find employment. These 
 men are, engaged chiefly in the manufacture of 
 stoves, fronts, grates, fenders, hollow-ware, cast- 
 iron furniture, and, incidentally, in foundry 
 work of every sort. The specialities of manu- 
 facture here are heating and cookiuij stoves. 
 
 THE SOUTHERN STOVE WORKS, 
 
 About 3,000 tons of material are utilized yearly. 
 The sales territory of this company embraces the 
 two Mrginias, the Carolinas and Georgia. 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 153 
 
 This is one of the most flourishing manufac- 
 turing establishments of the city. It has an en- 
 terprising and progressive management, and its 
 trade steadily increases. It is one of the most 
 substantial, in point of resources, also. It is 
 owner of the property occupied by it, a place of 
 165 by 2(34 feet, aflbrding it the amplest con- 
 veniences for the business. This place it has 
 lately acquired. Part of it it devotes to the 
 purpose of sales and ware-rooms, in which it has 
 displayed samples of its superior products. 
 
 C. H. Fleming is president of the company, 
 and is general manager of its liusiness. He was 
 
 The B.utRETT AND Keesee M.vchi.ne Works, 
 which are located on Eleventh street, between 
 Main and Gary streets, in Richmond, were 
 started with the express purpose of demonstrat- 
 ing a fact. For many years the idea has been 
 prevalent in the South that for all kinds of fine 
 machine work, and delicate repairing, it was 
 necessary to go North or West to find proper 
 facilities. No one seemed to believe that a shop 
 possessing such features would be successful 
 here, despite the fact that there was an increas- 
 ing demand for fine workmanship here in repair- 
 ing and setting u]i the improved machineiy of 
 
 William A. Barrett. 
 
 BARRETT & KEESEE EXPERT MACHINISTS 
 
 W M Keesee. 
 
 formerly with the Old Dominion Iron and Nail 
 Works, and was one of the foundry firm of 
 Loth & Fleming. He is a member of the Ch.\m- 
 BER OF Commerce. A. L. Ellett, secretai-y and 
 treasurer, was formerly with A. L. Ellett & Co. , 
 dry goods, and for four years was collector i if the 
 internal revenue for the Eastern District of Vir- 
 ginia. D. M. Ci'RRiE is assistant secretary and 
 treasurer. These gentlemen and J. W. Harri- 
 son, commission merchant, and Tazewell Ellett, 
 attorney, constitute the board of directors. 
 
 the present day. The demonstration has been 
 made, however, and now, not only the possibility 
 but the practicability of such an establishment 
 south of Mason and Dixon's line is veiy gen- 
 erally admitted and underetoorl. 
 
 The space occupied by these works is itself 
 an indication of the force of this fact, as well as 
 of the popular appreciation of it. A large three- 
 story building, thoroughly equipped fl'ith the 
 latest and most improved machinery, tools, etc., 
 is the substantial evidence of what pluck and 
 
154 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 energy, united with business integrity and caiiac- 
 ity can acconiplisli. 
 
 The ground floor of tlies^e worlcs is utilized for 
 general repair work and niacliine construction ; 
 tlie seconil floor for model-making and small 
 work of ail kinds requirnig care and delicate 
 adjustment, and the basement contains a smith- 
 shoj). The works are engaged, to a great extent, 
 on printing, cigarette, and tobacco machinery 
 and repairs, and liave an unexcelled reputa- 
 tion for the (juality of work done. An im- 
 pression obtains, however, in some quarters, 
 that because all work done is strictly lirst-class 
 and guaranteed, high prices are charged. This 
 notion is erroneous. That it is not case — indeed, 
 that the reverse is true — will be soon discovered 
 by those who ask for estimates. An immense 
 amount of manual lalwr is saved by the im- 
 proved machinery of the works, in which respect 
 the Barrett and Keesee Works are uneciualled 
 
 WALSH & McLAUCHLAN'S MACHINE SHOP. 
 
 by any shops of their class south of the New 
 England States. 
 
 \ large jiart of the work done at these shops 
 consists of model making for patents — a class of 
 work, by the way, recjuiring the highe.st i|uality 
 of skill. Orders come from all parts of the 
 country for this kind of work. Expert mechan- 
 ics are employed — men thoroughly conversant 
 with their tasks — and the result has been uni- 
 form satisf.iction 
 
 The principals in these works are W. A. 
 H.VRRETT and \V. IM. Ki:i:see. ^lessi's. Barrett 
 and Keesee are gentlemen of probity and 
 worth. Both are skillful in their business, and 
 consequently the more able to judge of all the 
 mattere connected therewitli. It is a I'evela- 
 tion to the ordinary mechanic to watch Mr. 
 Kee.see at the lathe. He has tui'ued out work 
 
 considered passible onlv upon the latest milling 
 machines. Both of these gentlemen, in fact, 
 have had a life-long experience with niachineiy 
 of all kinds. Both were born and educated 
 in Kichniond, and are esteemed by a host of 
 friends for uprightness of character and strength 
 of purpose; and in this age, when religious teach- 
 ings are so often forgotten in the rush for wealth, 
 it is a pleasure to know that both of the mem- 
 bers of this firm are prominent in active Chris- 
 tian work. 
 
 An illustration on page 15:> shows these gen- 
 tlemen in one of their specialties — investigation 
 of a work of mechanical construction. 
 
 Walsh & McLauciilax, machinists, boiler 
 makers and blacksmiths, at ;!016 Poplar street, 
 near the City Gas Works (John C. Walsh and 
 Thohas McLauchlan), give special attention to 
 the repairing of steamboats, to ship work and 
 machine repairs generally, both in 
 city and country. They do all the 
 work of this kind for the Virginia 
 Steamboat Company's James River 
 lioats, and a great deal also for the 
 Old Dominion Steamship Company ; 
 in fact, do most of the marine work 
 of this port. They send workmen 
 out into the country also to set up 
 and work on machinery, and are pre- 
 pared at all times to furnish estimates 
 or enter into contracts. 
 
 They have been established since 
 l^;(i."), and both aiv practical me- 
 chanics themselves. Mr. Walsh 
 served his time at his trade (that 
 of a blacksmith) right here in Rich- 
 mond, and was of the fii'm of Fah- 
 erty & Walsh, engaged in that line here for 
 several years liefore and through the war. Mr. 
 McLauchlan mastered the machinist's trade 
 with that firm, and he has also had the experi- 
 ence that makes him a practical marine engineer. 
 They have a plant fully equipped with the 
 latest and best appliances and machinery for 
 the busine-ss, and they employ an average of 20 
 hands the vear round. The cut on this (lage 
 shows it. 
 
 The Electric CoxsTRUcTioN and Sii-plv Com- 
 pany OF 'N'racixiA is a new project, fatheied by 
 Captain Andrew Pizzini, .Jr., who was the in- 
 troducer of dynamic electricity in the city of 
 Richmond, was for yeare the president of the 
 Electric Light and Power Company and of the 
 Street Railway Company of this city, and is yet 
 
THE CITY ON THP] JAMES. 
 
 155 
 
 intimately connecteii witli the nianageiiieiit of 
 the Eiolunond Eailway and Klectrie Com])any. 
 
 For the past two years Captain Pizzini carried 
 on the business of electrical construction in con- 
 nection with his otlier numerous enterprises, liut 
 his venture in it lias outgrown perfunctory at- 
 tention, and as he desires to devote as much of 
 his spare tune as jiossible to makina investments 
 for capital in mortgages, and in real estate for 
 his clients outside the city, he has organized a 
 company, titled as above, to carry on the busi- 
 ness of electrical construction in all its branches, 
 such as furnishing isolated plants for lights and 
 power, and electric machinery and supplies of 
 all kmds, and for wiring Imildings, and doinj;- 
 repair work. 
 
 The otfii-ers of the new company will be : 
 -\xnREW Pizzixi, Jr., president ; C. R. AVixstox, 
 secretary; and William B. Pizzixi, treasurer: 
 and it will l)e located at iiO!) Bank street, first 
 floor. 
 
 The RiciiMOXD Elevator Works, 1017 Gary 
 street, are operated by A. \'. Sheltox, estab- 
 lished in 1890. He maintains a shop thor- 
 
 furnished the freight elevators for the Rich- 
 mond China Comjjan}', passenger elevators for 
 Miller tt Rhoads' and Lew ct Davis' drv-aoods 
 
 A PIZZINI Jr 
 Virginia Electrical Works 
 
 oughly fitted uji. and does work for nearl\ 
 the city builders umler contract. He has 
 trons, also, in Virginia and the Carolinas. 
 
 pa- 
 He 
 
 A. V SHELTON 
 Richmond Elevator Works. 
 
 houses on Broad street, and also for the Howell 
 & .'^liaw furniture stoi'e on Main street, and two 
 for the Conimonwealtli Cluli. He furnishes 
 estimates for elevators of any styles for hand 
 or power, passenger or freight, and pays con- 
 siderable attention to repaire and furnishing 
 duplicate parts of elevators of other makes than 
 his own. He gives special attention, also, to 
 .setting up new and repairing old scales. 
 
 I.MPLE.MEXTS, CARUIAdES, ETC. 
 
 R. H. Bosher's Soxs, manufacturers of and 
 dealers in fine carriages, at the corner of Xinth 
 and Cary streets, have a very complete equip- 
 ment — one that tills a large four-story brick 
 building, 4H feet front and running back 153 
 feet to a twenty-foot alley. As an old house, 
 too (the oldest, in fact, of the kind in the 
 South'), they have an estalilished I'eputation for 
 the quality of their work. Their business was 
 founded in 1814, so that tin- house is now in its 
 seventy-eighth year. 
 
 They make a specialty of iloctors' buggies and 
 of carriages to order for the city trade, but. have 
 
ir.r, 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAISIES. 
 
 many custoiiier.-i, also, every wlieie in Rich- 
 mond's trade tenitory, and are shippers of 
 work also to the Carolinas, Louisiana, and even 
 to South America. I'orinerly all the work they 
 sold was their own make, hut of late years they 
 have gone largely into handling the product of 
 the hest of the Northern manufa<'turers. They 
 carry the largest and finest stock of vehicles in 
 the city ; they are leadere in the matter of the 
 styles ; and, in addition to new work, their manu- 
 facturing departments are largely engaged in 
 repairing. They emjiloy steadily over 20 hands 
 in their workshops, and they do upwards of 
 $100,0(10 of husincss a year. 
 
 The partners in tin; house are E. J. Bosher 
 and Charles G. Bosher. E. J. Bosher is a 
 director of the Mechanics' Institute of Rich- 
 mond, an organization which has done much 
 to promote the industrial interests of the city, 
 and to further the education of young men en- 
 gaged in the trades. Charles G. Bosher is a 
 Police Commissioner of the city. The house 
 lia.s mendjership, also, in the Ch.\mber op Com- 
 merce. The ilessi's. Bosher are successors to 
 their uncle and father with whom tlie liusiness 
 originated. 
 
 B. A. Gr.asberger, carriage and wagon manu- 
 facturer, of 1011 and 1013 West Broad street, has 
 heen established about two years. He pays 
 special attention to the making of light work to 
 order, like buggies, carriages and delivery wag- 
 ons, and he has a tirst-rate traile and is pros- 
 jiering. 
 
 Mr. (irasherger is a Pennsvlvanian l>v liirtli. 
 
 city before he started on his own account. He 
 makes superior work a specialty. His factoiy 
 is equipped with all the necessary appliances for 
 the expeditious turning out of his jiroiluctions. 
 An illustration of it is given on this page. 
 
 D.wiD A. Aixsi.iE, 8 to 12 South Tenth street, 
 is the largest manufacturer of fine carriages and 
 wagons south of the Potomac and (_)hio rivers. 
 
 B. A. GRASBERGER S CARRIAGE SHOP, 
 
 but has lived here nearly all his life. He 
 leai-ned his trade here, and was considered one 
 of the most expert mechanics in it in this 
 
 D A. AINSLIE'S CARRIAGE WORKS. 
 
 He is successor to his father, George A. Ainslie, 
 who was president of the Chamber of Com- 
 merce for several terms here, and was, in his 
 lifetime, one of the most prominent and pro- 
 gressive business men of the city. 
 
 The business of this house was established by 
 Mr. George A. Ain,slie and partnere in 1855. 
 The war dissolved that connection, and after it 
 Mr. Ainslie i-esumed on his own account. He 
 was succeeded by a partnership of his sons, in 
 which he was interested, in 1S79. and 
 Mr. David A. Ainslie suireeded that 
 (lartnership aliout two years ago. 
 
 Tills factory covers an " L" of ground 
 fronting 100 feet on Tenth street and 
 liending through to Cary. It is four 
 stories high, and has a modern equip- 
 ment of machinery and appliances to 
 facilitate manufacture. It provides 
 employment to 50 or 60 hands, and its 
 product is valued at $225,000 to $250,- 
 000 a year, besides which the house, 
 acting as sales agent, disposes of con- 
 siderable work made in the Xorth and 
 West. 
 
 Its specialty is, however, work of its 
 
 own manufacture, particularly ap])a- 
 
 ratus for fire departments. A hose 
 
 reel was exhibited by it at the New Orleans 
 
 World's Exposition which secured first prize, 
 
 and it will show work of the same sort at the 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 iru 
 
 coming Chicago World's Fair. It is tlie only 
 manufacturer of work of this sort in the .South. 
 
 A vast amount of light ordered work is made 
 hy it for local patrons and for the trade in this 
 and the adjacent States. This work is con- 
 structed of the very finest material and has the 
 highest reputation lierealiouts for style and 
 finish, and durability also as well. 
 
 Mr. Ainslie is himself a member of the Ch.\m- 
 BKR, and an active participant in all its move- 
 ments to forward 'Richmond and develop its 
 field. 
 
 The RicHjroND Wago.v M.^nuiwcturing Co.m- 
 r.vNV, of 1532 East Main street, is an enterprise 
 of comparatively recent establislniient, but has 
 already liuilt up a large business for itself, par- 
 ticularly in its specialty, light work, equipped 
 with the "short-turning" gear, patented Ijy 
 one of its principals. Its Main-street place is a 
 sales-room onh'. 
 
 This company pi'oposes to establish a reposi- 
 tory at both Washington and Baltimore in the 
 nivar future. It has a facton' employing about 
 20 hands at East Richmond on the Richmond 
 and Danville Railroad, about three miles out of 
 the city. This factoiy is 80 by 260, and is 
 appointed throughout in first-class style. 
 
 Hand-made work only is produced in this 
 factory, mostly the "Richmond Trap," "Rich- 
 mond Road Wagon," Richmond Road Cart" 
 and "Riclimond Pha?ton Cart." The company 
 is producing about 1,500 of these a year, and is 
 selling them, by means of travelling men, in 
 the South and the Southwest. 
 
 Charles Comstock, a New Yorker long en- 
 gaged in the carriage business in the North 
 before he came here, is president of this com- 
 pany, and L. M. Blaxton, an old resident here 
 (also engaged in the real estate business), is sec- 
 retary and treasurer. The company's patents 
 are ]Mr. Comstock' s inventions. 
 
 JA^tEs McDoxouGH & Co., carriage manufac- 
 turers, of 5 to 17 North Eighteenth street, and 
 also of 6 of the same thoroughfare (just across 
 the roadway), are engaged in the livery busi- 
 ness, besides, in the same place, and in the un- 
 dertaking business, and in addition conduct a 
 lirst-class livery, boarding and sale stable at 11 
 North Eighth street. From the latter, as their 
 headquarters, they furnish as stylish turnouts 
 to customers as the country affords. Fine rigs 
 for special occasions are a specialty there. 
 
 ^Ir. !McDonough has been a resident of tliis 
 city now going on forty-two years. He has risen 
 from the humljle position of a day laborer to 
 
 be one of the most sulistanfial business men of 
 the city. AVhen lie first came here he worked 
 upon railroads and drove stage, and next was a 
 puddler in the Tredegar Iron Works. Finally 
 he started in the livery business for himself 
 with but a single carriage. This was about 
 eighteen years ago. He Ijegan in the carriage- 
 making line about twelve years ago. He has 
 about §50,000 invested in these various lines of 
 business. He is the employer of .'>o persons, 
 and is probably worth, real estate included 
 which lie owns, something in the neighborhood 
 of $100,000. He is a plain man, but "thor- 
 oughly business." He supervises the three es- 
 tablishments in person, but is assisted by experi- 
 enced men. His carriage-making establishment 
 has for su]ierintendent ^Ir. Julius GRASBEitciER. 
 His stables he directs himself. His funeral di- 
 rector is his son, Mr. Michael McDoxough, 
 acknowledged in his vocation one of the most 
 competent men of any in Richmond. 
 
 A. B. Lipscomb, carriage and wagon manu- 
 fiicturer of 7.31 East Cary street, is a native of 
 the State, and has l^een a resident of the city 
 for half a century. He has been in the carriage 
 business for something like forty-five years here, 
 for more than thirty years on his own account ; 
 and his is one of the oldest carriage factories of 
 this part of the country. 
 
 He builds, to order chiefl_\', liglit carriages, 
 phietons, buggies and sporting wagons of every 
 style; his specialty is, however, the Ixiilding of 
 heavy hauling trucks, drays, coal wagons and 
 carts, carry-logs, grocery and other light deliveiy 
 wagons and repairing. He has made himself 
 a reputation during his lengthy business career 
 which brings him a goodly share of the ordered 
 work made here. He warrants work of this 
 class, and builds it at as low prices as are con- 
 sistent with thorough construction. 
 
 AV. C. S.MiTH, manufacturer of, and dealer in, 
 fine carriages of all styles, and manufacturer's 
 agent for low-priced work, at 314 North Fifth 
 street, has 25 hands employed, and has a three- 
 story repository and shops. He makes a spe- 
 cialty of building victorias and phatons, and 
 he has a very good reputation for the kind of 
 work he turns out. 
 
 This is one of the oldest factories here. It 
 was established fifty years ago by George F. 
 Smith, father of the present proprietor. He 
 was in the business with his father, and suc- 
 ceeded him. He owns nearly the whole block 
 on which his business place is situated, and 
 other property here besides. 
 
158 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 CoxRAn Cross, nuimifiicturer of ciirriages and 
 wagons at 2ii West I i road strcft, is jiatentee of 
 a carriajrc with foldinir top whicli lie lias sold 
 laijrcly hi-realwiits, and w liicli Iiassivcn uniform 
 satisfaction. Ik- is a jirofrressive man, and lias 
 lu'otited by his enterp''ise- ITe owns his place 
 of business — a three-story brick building, which 
 has a show-room on the first floor, and various 
 manufacturnij; departments on the other two. 
 He is a carriage maker by trade, and was expe- 
 rienced in it in New York, Ohio, and other parts 
 of the North liefore he came here. He lias been 
 a resident of this city since 1854, off and on, and 
 steadily since 187;^, when he opened this place. 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 t 
 
 i> 
 
 ^ 
 
 r 
 
 '1 
 
 SALES-ROOM AND WORKS OF THE WATT PLOW COMPANY. 
 
 1 Ic ciii])loys uliout I'd hands, lie has trade in 
 the country tributary to the city, as well as in 
 Richmond itself. 
 
 Mixoi; & Jacoh, carriage niaiiuracturers of 
 Fourth and Marshall streets, have a repository 
 there and a comi)lete shop, embracing wood- 
 working, blacksmithing and painting depart- 
 ments. They hanille no Northern work, but 
 manufacture everything they sell to suit the 
 conditions of climate, work, tastes, etc., prevail- 
 ing here. They have been established since 
 1865. Both are experienced men in the busi- 
 ness. They make a^pccialty of light work, like 
 
 surreys, Dayton wagons, buggies and pheatons, 
 delivery wagons and trucks. They have exe- 
 cuted a number of fine jobs for customers in 
 North Carolina, but their business is mostly 
 confined to K'icbiiKiiid and its tributaries in 
 N'irginia. 
 
 The Watt Plow Comcanv, of lols and lol'O 
 Franklin street, occupies there with its foundry, 
 woo<l-W'Orking and smiths' shops, two acres of 
 ground. It lias a carriage i#d agricultural im- 
 plement repository at the same place, and a 
 branch store or sales-room at 1410 East Main 
 street. The cut on tliis page shows both of 
 these i^laces. 
 
 This company is a manufacturer of plows, 
 plow castings, baling presses, farm and market 
 
 carts, and a dealer 
 in light carriages 
 ■)j and road carts, and 
 "w) machinery of all 
 kinds. Its special- 
 ties are the Watt 
 plows, which, for 
 fifty years, have 
 been recognized as 
 the best of theii- 
 class on the mar- 
 ket, and are sold 
 in eveiy state in 
 the Sou til (and 
 which have been 
 used with the best 
 results in India, to 
 which country the 
 company makes 
 regular shipments ) ; 
 the " Minnich " 
 I laling press, which 
 is sold extensively 
 in South Carolina 
 and Georgia, as 
 well as in Virginia; 
 the celebrated "Peerless" engines and separa- 
 tors; the "Piano" binders and mowers, and 
 the vehicles made by the well-known Staver & 
 Abbott Company of Chicago. 
 
 A $25,000 stock is carried by the house, and 
 with twenty-five hands employed and two men 
 on the road in the Virginias and Carolinas, 
 Alabama and Florida, and exportations to foreign 
 parts, it does a business of $(30,000 aggregate 
 sales a year. 
 
 The \\'att Plow Comiiany is one of the oldest 
 houses of its trade in the South. It was estab- 
 lished in 1840. The present proprietors suc- 
 
 ^. ifllll LILI 
 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAME^. 
 
 15i> 
 
 ceedeil tlie firm of AVatt & Call in 188S. These 
 proprietors are A. C. Sixton, formerly for fifteen 
 years with the Planters National Bank ; S. C. 
 Call, who is represented in the Ijusiness hy M. 
 Call, agent ; and R. R. Gwathmev, manager of 
 the drug house of Bodeker Brothers, Hichiiinnd. 
 
 18(17. Since the estahlisliment of the hnsincss 
 so many years ago the manufacturing plant Ims 
 been greatly enlarged and new machinery added 
 from time to time, until, at present, the firm 
 has unsurpassed facilities for carrying on tlie 
 Uii-i;(' and incrcaj^iiii; Inisiiicss they ciijciy. 
 
 BUILDING MATERIALS. 
 
 Under this head we groiii> for 
 convenience in classification all the 
 concerns participating, directly or in- 
 directly, in the work of building im- 
 provement here, and contributing with 
 tlieir outimt to make the grand aggre- 
 gate shown, of $5,210,000 for materials 
 produced, entering into house con- 
 struction ; namely, the planing mills 
 proper, and factories producing build- 
 ing finish ; the contractors and build- 
 ers, wood, brick, stone and plumbing, 
 and, incidentally with the planing 
 mills, the box manufacturers, and with 
 the stone men, the quarries, etc. 
 
 By way of preface to the first of these 
 divisions of the subject, we may say that as a 
 market for lumber and its products, and head- 
 (juarters for tlie manufacture of boxes of all 
 descriptions, this city has risen steadily in im- 
 portance durmg the past iiuarter of a centuiy, 
 so that to-day the production of tobacco boxes 
 is a very important business here. No detailed 
 ai<'i>uut of the industries of Richmond would 
 
 HARWOOD & JONES' BOX FACTORY. 
 
 be comiilete without some reference to the large 
 l)0x manufacturing establishments, and espe- 
 cially to that of Harwood A Jones. 
 
 Haewood t*c Jones, manufacturers of tobacco 
 boxes and shooks, at Eighteenth and Caiy 
 streets, are successors to R. H. Whitlock, who 
 started this enterprise of theirs about the year 
 
 DuVAL & ROBERTSONS MANCHESTER PLANiNG MILL. 
 
 Their factory is located on thi' corner of Eigh- 
 teenth and Cary streets. It covere nearly one 
 entire square. Steam is the power used to 
 operate it, and the daily capacity is ujiwards of 
 two thousand boxes of all description. Tobacco 
 boxes are the leading specialty, and they are 
 produced of excellent quality and superior work- 
 manship, at a comparatively low cost, and are 
 rajiidly disposed of to the trade in all 
 the tobacco manufacturing sections. 
 
 In connection with their Richmond 
 business the firm also represents a large 
 shook manufacturing establishment in 
 Ohio, located right in the center of the 
 sycamore region, and their facilities for 
 transportation being unusually com- 
 plete, are, therefore, prepared to make 
 shipments of shooks in car-load lots at 
 lowest jjrices to all points South and 
 West. These shooks are all in shape 
 for nailing, and are grooved also for 
 stamp. 
 
 This firm cuts upwards of 2,000,- 
 000 feet of lumber yearly, and, with 
 the numerous ad\-antages possesserl, 
 Messrs. Harwood it Jones are prepared to 
 compete with any concern of the kind in 
 this section of the country. Both members 
 of the firm are young men. They are enter- 
 prising and liberal in all their dealings, and 
 this is one reason, though not all, why the de- 
 mand for their goods steadily increases. Mr.. 
 
1(J0 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 Jones is a practical man in tlie business. lie 
 served a long apprenticeship under jNIr. Whit- 
 lock's management, and is, therefore, familiar 
 with all tlie details of box manufacture. His 
 partner, Mr. Il.vinvooi), acted as manager for 
 Mr. W'hitlock, and now devotes his time to the 
 Hnancial affairs of the business in that capacity, 
 exercising that care and supervision overall the 
 important details, which is a guarantee of satis- 
 faction to all concerned. The responsibility of 
 the house is unquestionable; its ability to 
 promptly fill orders scarcely disputable, and 
 parties at a distance, by forming relations with 
 this firm, will derive ailvantages that could, with 
 difficulty, be secured elsewhere. 
 
 \\'ii.Li.\M C. C.VMP, box manufacturer, of 18 
 Xorth Twenty-third street, is successor to his 
 father, John W. Camp. The latter established 
 the business in 18.55. Mr. Camp succeeded him 
 in 1881. He has had a life-long experience of it 
 himself. His place is 50 by 150, and is equip- 
 petl with machinery enabling him to produce 
 about 150,000 boxes annually. These are taken 
 by the two largest tobacco factories here. He 
 enqiloys about twenty hands. 
 
 Mr. Camp is president also of the tiuarantee 
 Building, Tnist and Loan Company of this city. 
 
 Joseph Ai.i..\rd, Jr., lumber dealer and box 
 luanufacturer of 15 North Twentieth street, is 
 the busine.ss designation of the partnership of J. 
 ('. & Mi-s. S. A. Allard, established in 186ft by 
 succession from Joseph Allard, deceased. This 
 house has a planing mill with an equipment 
 valued at $10,000. This mill and the ground 
 occupied by it is owned by the fimi. It has 
 i-apacity of about 25,000 feet a day and is gene- 
 rally devoted to the manufacture of poplar pack- 
 ing ca.ses. Its business ranges from $40,000 to 
 .$.50,000 a year. The lumber business is con- 
 ducted incidentally. 
 
 Mr. J. C. Ali..\rd, son of the founder, man- 
 ages the business. He was raised to it under 
 his father, and has been in it for years. The 
 house is now in its twenty-sixth year, and is 
 one of the most prominent of its line here. 
 
 D.vviD M. Lea & Co., manufacturers of to- 
 bacco, cigar and cheroot boxes, packing cases, 
 egg crates, etc., at Twentieth and JIain streets, 
 have a mill there employing 50 hands, and 
 equipped throughout witli the latest machinery 
 known in the business. This mill is three sto- 
 ries high, 60 by 155 feet in area, and is operated 
 by means of a fifty horse-power engine. The 
 lumber used by it is sycamore and poplar from 
 
 (Jhio, and Sjianish cedar (for ('igar boxes) from 
 the West Indies. It utilizes 2,500,000 feet a 
 year, and does a business of $50,000 iluring that 
 time. 
 
 This firm has $30,000 invested in its mill. It 
 is successor to Lea & Wells, established in 1870. 
 The partners in it are Charles E. Whitlock and 
 Ja.mes R. Gordon. Mr. AVhitlock is prominent 
 here in financial circles, and has stock in many 
 corporations of the city. He also owns consid- 
 erable real estate. He has been a member of 
 the City Council for years. Mr. Gordon is of 
 J. R. Gordon & Co., wholesale lumber dealers 
 hereinafter described, one of the most notable 
 firms of their line here. 
 
 JAMES L. ROBERTSON. 
 Of OuVal & Robertson Planing Mills, Manchester. 
 
 J. R. Gordon & Co., manufacturers of, and 
 wholesale dealers in, lumber, at Nineteenth and 
 Cary streets, have yards there covering an area 
 of 45,00t) square feet, or half a square, and fur- 
 nisheil with a side track from the Richmond 
 and Danville roads, which gives them connec- 
 tion with the other roads centering here also. 
 They are the owners of two mills, also, situated 
 on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, in Ohio, 
 which have a capacity of about 25,000 feet daily 
 and jointly. These mills produce sycamore 
 lumber. The demands of the trade, also, require 
 the firm to obtain other lumber in lai-ge quan- 
 
THE CTTY ON THE JAISIES. 
 
 161 
 
 titius from outside mills. Its dealings will aggre- 
 gate, in the course of a year, many million feet. 
 Their principal customers are the box manufac 
 turers and planing mills of A'ir- 
 ginia and North Carolina. They 
 have interests in that line them- 
 selves — are principals in the firm 
 of D. M. Le.\ & Co., l)Ox mann- 
 acturers here (just descrilnMli, 
 in fact. 
 
 The Inisincss of this house was 
 estal)lished over fifty years ago 
 Ijy R. H. Whitlock, father of 
 
 ClURLES E. WlIITLOCK, who is 
 
 the "Co." of the firm name. 
 Jlr. Gordon, managing niemlier 
 of the firm, has been connected 
 with it for very man}- years. I\lr. 
 Whitlock is a moneyed man, and 
 is interested in many local pro- 
 jects. The firm has member- 
 ship, as a partnership, in the 
 
 ClI.VMBER OF COM.MERCE. 
 
 Their plant here has a capacity of 10,000 to 
 l.>,000 feet a day ; their saw mill from 1.3,000 to 
 20,000 feet in the same time. 
 
 E STAGG'S BOX FACTORY AND PLANING MILL 
 
 DiA'.\L & Robertson, of Hull 
 and Decatur streets, between Seventh and 
 Eighth, Manchester, operate a large planing 
 null and lumljeryard there, and have saw mills 
 besides, at Pleas.\nt Shade, (ireenesville county, 
 Va. The place in Manchester covers an entire 
 scjuare. The planing null there is 50 by 120 feet, 
 and is thoroughly equipped with machinery. 
 They make a specialty of the manufacture of 
 mouldings and cornice work and general plan- 
 
 DAVIO M. LEA U CO, S BOX FACTORY 
 
 ing-mill work. They employ 20 liands here 
 and 3.1 in the saw mills, adjacent to which they 
 own 3,000 acres of timber lands, and they buy, 
 besides, a great deal of timber on the stump. 
 11 
 
 They usually carry on hand a l?20,000 stock. 
 They sell most of their product in this State 
 and adjoining parts, lint are shippers also, to 
 some extent, to northern and western points. 
 They do a business of something between $7.5,- 
 000 and |1100,000 a year. 
 
 They began in the saw- mill business in 187:>, 
 and the next year opened their lumber yards 
 here. They built the planing mills here in 1886. 
 !Mr. B. J. DuVal supervises affairs at the 
 saw mill, and is also engaged as a farmer 
 in Chesterfield county. Mr. James L. 
 Robertson, his partner, has charge of 
 the business here, and is identifieil with 
 many Manchester enterprises. He is a 
 director of the Mechanics and Merchants 
 Bank of Manchester ; vice-president of 
 the Manchester Building and Loan Asso- 
 ciation ; director of the National Build- 
 ing and Loan Association, and also of the 
 Baltimore and United Building Fiuid 
 Company. 
 
 The firm owns, besides this, nuich 
 valuable real estate, and rents out from 
 thirty to forty houses in Manchester. 
 
 Tho.mas E. Stac;(;, dealer in lumber 
 and manufacturer of .sash, blinds, doors 
 and interior finish, boxes and packing cases, at 
 1413 to 1423 East Cary street, has about .'?100,000 
 invested in his mill and its equipment. His place 
 occupies both sides of the street and embraces an 
 
1()2 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 extensive storafro yai-il, the property foi-merly oc- 
 eui>ieil liy the Ku-hinond Stove ("oiiipany, wliiili 
 ifc'receiitly pnivliaseil outof the prolitsofa busi- 
 ness suecessfullv eondueted by liiiu for the last 
 
 twel\e vears. 
 
 county — across the James from liere — in the 
 t imber district of that part of the State, and from 
 this fiets part of his stock. He is also a buyer 
 of material in Michigan, Tennessee and other 
 lumber regions. He employs al)out 50 hands, 
 
 WHITEHURST & OWENS' PLANINu. MILL 
 
 Mr. Stajrg is a native of Charles City county, 
 from which he came here about twenty years 
 ago. He was a working carpenter for some 
 
 
 - 
 
 % 
 
 
 
 ^ ^^ 
 
 \ 
 
 
 
 Ajl 
 
 WSiA-yF 
 
 
 t 
 
 t'k 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 T. WILEY DAVIS, Contractor. 
 
 yeai-s after. He bought out Sam Flournoy 
 about ten years ago, and began then in his 
 present line. He operates a mill in Chesterfield 
 
 and does a business of perhaps $l."iO,00() a 
 year. He is a member of the Ch,\.mjjek of 
 Commerce. 
 
 W. J. Whiteiiukst, manufacturer of doors, 
 sash, blinds and fine interior finish, at Tenth 
 and Byrd streets, operates one of the largest 
 establishments of that sort in the South. He 
 has a numerous force of skilled employes, and 
 does a great deal of work for Northern and 
 Western points, as well as for places in the 
 Richmond trade territory proper of Virginia 
 and the Caroliuas. He fills orders for cities as 
 distant as Augvista, Me.; Springfield, Mass.; 
 Philadelphia, Pa.; Ottumwa, la.; Fort Smith, 
 Ark., and those in the State of Florida. 
 
 Mr. Whitehurst is sole i)roprietor of this place. 
 He was raised to the business with the old firm 
 of J. J. Montague. He embarked in it on his 
 own account, about ten years ago, as one of 
 the firm of Whitehurst & Owen, whom he 
 succeeded on the first of January, 1892. He 
 is a man of life-long experience of his busi- 
 ness, and his establishment has no superior 
 here. Its equijiment embraces a full comple- 
 ment of the most improved machinery known 
 in his line of busine.ss, and it utilizes a vast 
 quantity of pine and the various kinds of hard 
 woods in the course of the year. 
 
 An illustration accompanying this matter 
 shows its external appearance and arrange- 
 ment. Internally it is as near perfection as any 
 mill in the land. 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 163 
 
 J. J. ]MoNTAGUE, wholesale dealer in lumber 
 and builders' hardware, and manufacturer of 
 sash, doors and blinds, occupies nearly the en- 
 tire block from Eighth to Ninth, and from 
 Arch street to the river. He has an equip- 
 ment of mills there valued at $r.0,000, and in 
 them has 50 hands employed ; and alonjiside 
 has a large shed for storage of seasoned lum- 
 ber, finished materials, and a wai'ehouse for 
 hardware and glass. He makes a specialty of 
 supplying the building trade of the city, Mary- 
 land, the two Virginias and the Carolinas, and 
 he does a Inisiness of l?l. 50,000 a year. 
 
 Mr. Montague has been in the business here 
 since lS(i5. He has accumulated a firluiic in it 
 
 THE COXTRACTOKS. 
 
 T. Wiley Davis, contractor and builder, of 
 10 North Twentieth street, can point to many a 
 fine example of his skill in the business he fol- 
 lows here, among them some of the largest liuild- 
 ings and costliest structures of the city : Several 
 of the great Richmond toliaeco factories, many 
 handsome and costly residences, notably that of 
 Mr. William H. Jones, corner Franklin and 
 I>aurel streets, conceded by many to be the 
 handsomest in the city, and a dozen or more of 
 churches — the Venable-Street Baptist, Grace- 
 iStreet Baptist, and the Grove-Avenue Baptist 
 Churches ; the First and Fcnirtli Colored Baptist 
 
 J, J, MONTAGUE S PLANING MILLb AND LUMBER YARDS 
 
 and has invested in a number of local enter- 
 prises, among others, the Planters National 
 Bank and the Virginia Safe Deposit and Fidelity 
 Company, of both of which he is a director ; 
 the Richmond Locomotive and Jlacbine Works; 
 the Virginia and North Carolina Wheel Works; 
 and also in the Cliftoti Forge AVater Works, of 
 Clifton Forge, W. Va., of which enterjirise he 
 is president. He is a member of the Chamber 
 OF Commerce, and is a member of Lee Camp, 
 Confederate Veterans. 
 
 The cut accompanjdng this matter is a view 
 of his vvoiks, office and yard as they appear 
 from the river side. 
 
 Churches ; the LTnion Station Metliodist Church, 
 and Corcoran Hall on Church Hill. 
 
 He has done, in fact, a leading business in his 
 line ever since he came out of the war. He was 
 a foreman with other builders before the war, 
 and has had, altogether, some forty years ex- 
 perience in his line. He employs from ten to 
 twenty-five hands (according to the state of 
 trade), and does a business of perhaps 150,000 a 
 year. He has reputation in the business for the 
 thoroughness with which he completes all work 
 or commissions undertaken. 
 
 yir. Davis has'been prominent al.-o in pubUc 
 aflaiis. He bas"been a member of the public 
 
1()4 
 
 TllK CLTY ON TlIE JAMES. 
 
 school l)(i:ii(l, :iti<l \vil^' city councilman for eight 
 years, llo has also been a iState legislator. He 
 is a ineniber, of course, of the ( 'iiamiiim; ok 
 
 t'OMMHHCK. 
 
 < i. W. I'au.sons, arcliitect ami Iniilder, of 
 Fifth and Canal streets, has executed conunis- 
 sioiis of iMi|Hirtance here, among them some of 
 the linest residences of this city and county. 
 
 He is well known here as a niast<'r of his Imsi- 
 ness, the general appearance of whose work 
 recommends it at once as work that has received 
 careful consideration, particularly as to propor- 
 
 shows his place of business ; his portrait is on 
 page ]()•"). 
 
 Tre\i.kr& El.more (Wmj.ia.m Tke.xlek and R. 
 E. Ei.moreI, carpenters and builders, of o North 
 Cherry street, have been established in partner- 
 shiii about twelve year.s. Daring the last few 
 years they have built a great many residences, 
 in the West End of the city especially, among 
 them many of their own. They have built 
 some of the finest homes here, that of Mr. I). 
 Strause, on (irove avenue, for instance, and of 
 Thomas H. (iunn, on Franklin; Eobert D. 
 
 GEORGE W. PARSONS' OFFICE AND SHOPS, 
 
 tions and artistic eflect. He seems to avoid, 
 studiously, all unnecessary embellishment, and 
 to strive for that simplicity which is usually the 
 most striking and jjleasing in architecture. 
 
 ICxamples might be instanced of his achieve- 
 ments in this direction; but his work ehoidd 
 be seen to be rightly appreciated. Correspond- 
 ence or interview with him would, perhaps, be 
 the most satisfactory method of inquiry con- 
 cerning his work and himself. 
 
 The Illustration accompanying this ujattcr 
 
 Bosher, same street ; AVilliam McBain, Floyd 
 avenue ; K. C. Tinsley, East Grat'e : and many 
 others as notable. 
 
 They furnish estimates ilnd give special atten- 
 tion to jol) work, and they make a specialty of 
 first-class materials. Both are men of sub.stance 
 and property ; both natives of the city. 
 
 Their shops are as well, if not better equipped 
 than any carpenter shop in the city. They have 
 steam-jiower, and are provided with planers, 
 band and circular saws, lathes, moidders, etc. 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 165 
 
 They afford employment to 12 men the year 
 round. 
 
 Mr. Tresler is the outside man, and super- 
 vises personally all the mechanical work. IMr. 
 Elmore devotes his time to 
 the finances and other inside 
 worlv. 
 
 Mr. Trexler's residence is 
 at 206 South Pine street, and 
 Mr. .Elmore's at 10<) North 
 Beech street. Their portraits 
 are on page 109. 
 
 iSxowE & NucKOLS, contrac- 
 tors and builders, of the cor- 
 ner of Governor and Ross 
 streets (the building shown 
 in the engraving accompaii y- 
 nigthis matter, with an addi- 
 tion acc|uired since tlie cut 
 was made), own their jilace 
 of l)usiness, and are men of 
 coiisideralile resources accu- 
 mulated in course of trade. 
 
 They are young men, com- 
 paratively speaking, but ex- 
 (V]itionally energetic and enterprising, 
 have lieen estalilished about four years in 
 
 The brown-stone front fiats at Third and 
 (irace streets, which cost 826,000 ; Allen i& Gin- 
 ter's large leaf tobacco warehouse, which cost 
 S42,000 : T. AV. Wood's fine mansion at Woodland 
 
 They 
 coni- 
 
 STOWE & NUCKOLS' SHOP AND FACTORY. 
 
 pany, during wliich time they have built, among 
 other fine structures here and hereabouts, the 
 following : 
 
 TREXLER & ELMORE'S SHOPS. 
 
 Heights, wliii'h cost $10,000; the west wing of 
 tlie Central Insane Asylum at rttersb\irg, wliicli 
 cost §20,000; the Female Seminary at Burk- 
 ville, Va., which cost 128,000; and they 
 have just completed a large tobacco ware- 
 house for A. B. Eddins, which cost $10,000. 
 They have a steam eijuipment in their 
 place on Governor street, and evei'y facility 
 to enalile them to turn out all sorts of inte- 
 rior and exterior house finish. They em- 
 ploy about 1.5 hands steadily in these sliojis, 
 and perhaps 12.5 on contract work gene- 
 rally. 
 
 Portraits of the members of this firm em- 
 liellish page 108. jMr. Stowe, of the firm, 
 is a native of Petersburg, Ijut has lived 
 liere about all his life. Mr. Nuckols was 
 born in Buckingham county, and has lived 
 here about eight years. Like Mr. Stowe, 
 he has been a mechanic from his youth. 
 Both, in fact, are finished workmen tiieni- 
 selves, giving personal supervision to tlie 
 orders entrusted to them. 
 
 Duke & Jobson, carpenters and Ijuilders, 
 of 117 South Second street, have been es- 
 tablished eighteen years — that is to say 5Ir. 
 Duke has — and JNIr. Jobson has been asso- 
 ciated with him during the past year or so. 
 They make a specialty of re))airing and remotl- 
 elliui;, but do considerable new work also. 
 
166 
 
 THE CITY ON TTTP: .TAMES. 
 
 Thomas Dkkvki!, stiiir liuililcr ;mil wniiil- 
 tiirnor, <it' :!0;i West Cavy street, has follo^'cil 
 tlint line of business with suooess for a number 
 of years, and in that time has executed some 
 of the best worli in his hne ever done here ; 
 among otlier jobs, all the stair work in the new 
 Masonic Temple. Hi.s place is equipped with 
 machinery for the manufacture of brackets and 
 all kinds of scroll work, as well as newels, rails 
 balusters, and wainseotins 
 in all kimls of hard and 
 soft wood, ami his prices 
 are exceedinj;ly reasona- 
 ble. 
 
 usually .W to 75, about 2.') of tliciii in bis 
 planiu}.' and moulding null, which has lar^e 
 yards for the storage of lumber alongside. 
 There he frequently carries a stock of l,."iO0,000 
 feet of lumber. He also has a yard, with rail- 
 road siding to it, at Loml)ardy and Leigh streets. 
 He does a business of §300,000 to $400,000 a year. 
 I\Ir. Sitterding is a German by biith, and has 
 been a resident here for twenty years. He has 
 
 ^»kJ 
 
 ^^ 
 
 f^ 
 
 t 
 
 SHOPS OF THOMAS DREVER, STAIR. BUILDER 
 
 F. Sitterding, contractor and builder, of 4 
 East Leigh street, maintains there shojis and a 
 mill to manufacture building material on his own 
 account, covering half a square, and extending 
 from .Jackson to Leigh streets, and out also to 
 St. James street. He is one of the foremost 
 contractors of the South. He employs more 
 men regularly than any other contractor here, 
 
 liccn engaged in the busi- 
 ness hire on his own ac- 
 count for the last fifteen 
 .\ears, and although not 
 yet in his fortieth year, 
 has risen to the most 
 prominent place in the 
 trade here. He has exe- 
 cuted, among other no- 
 table contracts here, the 
 the Church of the Sacred 
 the Baptist Church at Bar- 
 ton Heights ; a very fine row of eight houses on 
 HarrLson street for Major C. M. Bolton, and a 
 very lai-ge number of the finest and costliest resi- 
 dences of the city, as well as similar work, also, 
 outside of Richmond. 
 He is a member of the Cii.\mbek of Co.m.meklk. 
 
 Exposition Building ; 
 Heart, Flovd avenue ; 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 10 
 
 )( 
 
 J. (J. Dickinson & Bkotiieu, iiiaiiufac-turt>rs 
 of iiiiil)er and building contractors, of this 
 city, are owners of timber lands, adjacent to 
 the city, from which they jM-ocui-e, in large 
 part, their own lumber supply, and have a saw 
 mill on the York River Railroad near the 
 Government road crossing above Rocketts, 
 Richmond's most easterly suburb, to cut it. 
 Their timber is of several varieties, but pine 
 chii'lly, and, interspersed with this, oak, hick- 
 ory, walnut and poplar. Their mill has the 
 '■Lane" equipment, and the very latest dry- 
 kiln appointments, and, in connection with it, 
 they have a planing mill and are provided with 
 
 plasterers, bricklayers an<l laliori'rs. Their busi- 
 ness aggregated $75,000 dui-ing that twelve 
 months; and for the current year the prospect 
 is that it will be considerable more. 
 
 They rebuilt the large warehouse of the Rich- 
 mond Cedar Works and the new plant of the 
 Southern Stove Works here, a $5,000 job, and 
 completed the latter in ninety days. They built 
 complete also, in four months, the Colored Bap- 
 tist Church in Manchester, and raised its 120- 
 foot steeple without the aid of outside scaffold- 
 ing. They liuilt, also, thirteen brick residences 
 on the old "iNIorton's Flower Garden" place, at 
 a cost to the owners of $28,000 ; two large resi- 
 
 MILLS AND TIMBER LANDS OF J. Q. DICKINSON & BROTHER, 
 Contractors and Builders and Manufacturers of Building Material 
 
 a lath saw, so that they enjoy the unusual ad- 
 vantage of facilities for obtaining the raw mate- 
 rial direct from the stump, and utilizing it 
 through all the processes required to finish con- 
 stniction of the buildings complete, for which 
 they contract. 
 
 As mill-men and Inmljer dealei's they employ 
 about a dozen hands in the woods and 12 or 15 
 teams, and about a dozen more men at the mill. 
 Last year (1891) they had, as contractors, 20 
 carpenters at work for them, and numerous 
 
 dences on West Grace street that cost $7,000 to 
 liuild, and various other important jobs besides. 
 
 They make a specialty of building with un- 
 usual dispatch, when time is an object of 
 more than ordinary importance. Their facili- 
 ties and experience enables them to execute 
 such work with a speed that confounds and per- 
 plexes many of their competitors. The Stove- 
 Works job is a case in point. 
 
 The firm of J. Q. Dickinson & Brother has its 
 office at 821 Kast Main street. It is successor to 
 
168 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 J. Q. Dickinson, senior ami managiii}; paitmi-. 
 He began Imsiness liere in 18So. His paitiu'v is 
 his brother. \V. V. Dickinson. Mr. .1. (}. DicU- 
 inson is a native of (iooeliland ivmiity. lie 
 
 B B VAN BUREN Sta f-Bulder. 
 
 went from tliere to New York in liis youth, in 
 1S79, and there mastered tlie contraetor's and 
 builder's trade, and ineidently, with it. the i)rin- 
 eiple.s of arehiteeture. He afterwards visited 
 St. Louis, Chicago, New Orleans and other larjie 
 cities, and finallv lieiran here, as has been said. 
 
 in ISS.'i. W. P., his brother and partner, 
 learned tlie trade with him. They formed a 
 liartnershiji inlSfrJ, and then branched out into 
 business as nianufiicturers of building material, 
 and as contractors for buildings, with stair- 
 builders' supplies as a specialty. 
 
 Their jiortraits are on page 107, and there is 
 a cut of Mr. . J. <i l>ickinson's residence (situated 
 at L'SIO East Marshall street) in another y.wt of 
 the book. 
 
 B. B. V.\x BiREN, stair-builder ami hard- 
 wood finisher, of 11:! West Broad street, has 
 reputation as one of the most expert master- 
 workmen of that line in the city. He has been 
 here for forty-five years, and has been doing 
 business on this same square since 1.S.50. 
 
 Some of the finest work done here in this 
 line must be credited to him. Especially tine 
 are the staircases of his consti'uction in the resi- 
 dence of J. B. Pace, banker and capitalist, 
 which residence was the first here finished in 
 hardwood. The staircase of Major Lewis Gm- 
 ter's i)alatial mansion on West Franklin street, 
 and in his country house on the Brook Tike, 
 just outside of town, were also built by Mr. 
 Van Buren, and, besides these, and undoubtedly 
 the most notable work of the kind here, other 
 examples of his handiwork are to be seen in the 
 new Commonwealth Club House, and the ivsi- 
 dences, among others, of John P. Branch, Fred. 
 R. Scott, Eobert Bosher, T. H. Ellett, V.. A. 
 Saunders and P. H. ]Mayo. 
 
 Mr. ^'an Buren is a native of Bath county, \'a. 
 He came here a boy of twelve. He niastere<l 
 his trade here, and has risen to prominence in 
 it by intelligent application and talent for it. 
 
 W. J. READY'S BRICK-YARDS, 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAIME8. 
 
 169 
 
 BRICK YARDS AND CONTRACTORS. 
 
 W. J. Readv," builder and brick-inakcr, of 
 ^lanchester, has yards covering aliout fifteen 
 acres of excellent clay lands there, and runs 
 three brick- making machines of capacity to 
 produce 8,000,000 brick a year. He makes red 
 brick of every sort known to the trade. He 
 sells, for the most part, in Richmond and !Nhxn- 
 chester. He employs between To and 125 
 hands, part making brick and the rest on build- 
 ing contracts. He built the new Rountree 
 Trunk Factoi'y here, which cost $10,000, fur- 
 nished the terracotta for the new INUirket build- 
 ing here, and is the builder also of the Young 
 
 his home, 1111 Grove avenue, Richmond, a 
 modern brick structure (shown also in a cut on 
 page 110), and one of the finest in the city, in- 
 cluded. 
 
 W. O. BcRTii.N", contractor and builder and 
 manufacturer of brick, at 110 Foushee street, has 
 been engaged in that line for the last ten years. 
 He has a place on Foushee street, 150 feet square, 
 covered by his shops and his office, which are 
 built of brick, and has his brick-yards in !Man- 
 chester. An illustration acconi]ianying this 
 matter shows both his jilaces. 
 
 He has from 120 to 150 hands employed, ac- 
 cording to the state of trade, and he does a 
 
 itorarmflR^ 
 
 OFFICE AND BRIC- 
 
 i.^«i:3a£asecJHi 
 
 W. O. BURTON, BUILDING CONTRACTOR. 
 
 Men's Christian Association Hall of Richmond, 
 Allen & Ginter's leaf warehouse, and numerous 
 tine residences of the city. He is now engaged 
 in filling his contract for the erection of the 
 State Reform School at Laurel Station, seven 
 miles out on the Richmond, Fi-edericksbnrgand 
 Potomac Railroad. His portrait is on page 110. 
 Mr. Ready has been estalilished for ten j'cars 
 here, and before that had yards about seven 
 miles up the canal. He has been very success- 
 ful in his business, and is the owner of valuable 
 real estate both in Manchester and Richmond, 
 
 business in the city and its field of perhaps 
 $150,000 a year. 
 
 Some of the finest structures in Richmond 
 were built by him, among others, the new Ma- 
 sonic Temple here, one of the handsomest build- 
 ings of the South : Grace Street Baptist Church, 
 Lombardy Street School, the Davis Shoe Fac- 
 tory and the residences of Thomas Stagg anil 
 George B. JIcAdams. The Masonic Temple 
 cost, complete, $150,000 ; Grace Street Church, 
 $50,000 ; and these are illustrations of the char- 
 acter of contracts he takes. He was recently 
 
170 
 
 'JIIE CITY ON THE JAMKS. 
 
 awanlcil the contract to Iniild tin' new State 
 Ijibraiy bnil(liii», sliovvii on page 25 of this work, 
 and he is now eonipleting tlie new Chamber of 
 C'o.MMiiRCK l)uil(ling here, which is to cost, per- 
 liaps, $150,000. An illustration on page 9 shows 
 the appearance of this structure as it is to be. 
 
 Burton's Brick Works, corner Fifteenth and 
 Hull streets, ^Manchester, have a t-apacity of 
 50,000 brick a day. Their annual production is 
 about .".,000,000 Ijrick, and they usually carry in 
 stock about 1,000,000. Mr. W. O. Birton, the 
 proprietor — the same whose other affairs have 
 just been described — is one of the best known 
 Richmond builders and contractore. He has an 
 ottice in the city, as has been said, at the corner 
 of Foushee and Canal streets, and he has built, 
 among other large structures here, the Masonic 
 Temple, (iracc Street Bapti.'it Church, and the 
 "third tier" of the State I'enitentiary. His 
 l)rick yards in Manchester cover seven aci'es. 
 He uses machinery and turns out both pressed 
 and common brick. He employs about twelve 
 teams, and more than a hundred hands. His 
 portrait is on page 105 of this work, and there 
 IS a cut of his residence on page 50. 
 
 Hooker & Phillips (W. R. Hooker and L. 
 W. PiiiLLics), manufacturers of brick, beyond 
 the new reservoir, and general contractors for 
 lirick work, with office at 11 South Beech street, 
 have been established, on their own account in 
 that line for four years, and have been doing, 
 of late, an especially profitable business. 
 
 Their yards are on West Cary street, west of 
 the city limits, and they cover seventeen acres 
 of ground. They have an e<|uipment of Martin 
 lirick machines of ,S0,000 daily ca]>acity, and 
 have 25 hands and b5 teams steadily employed. 
 Common brick are their specialty, but they also 
 manufacture considerable pressed and paving 
 brick. 
 
 During recent years this firm has erected, 
 luider contract, many fine buildings here, and 
 also quite a numlier for themselves, principally 
 m the fashionable residence district of the West 
 Knd. 
 
 STONE CONTRACTORS AND QI'ARRYMEN. 
 
 Peteu Copland, quarryman and stonemason 
 and contractor for monumental work and stone 
 cutting, has yards at Seventh and Canal streets, 
 suiijjlied with cranes, etc., and all the necessary 
 mechanical facilities for the business, into which 
 yards the tracks of the Chesapeake and Ohio 
 I\ailroad runs. He has lately purchased also a 
 tract of land on the Richmond, Fredericksburg 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAlSffiS. 
 
 171 
 
 and Potomac Railroad, tliiTe and a half niilos 
 from tlio city, upon which he will s^lmrlly open 
 a quarry tliat contains an incxliaustihle s<upi)ly 
 of the linest granite. 
 
 Mr. Copland began business here in this line 
 in 18.30 as a member of the firm of Mitchell A 
 Copland, and when Mr. Mitchell died about two 
 years ago, he succeeded to the entire business. 
 He employ's about forty hands and docs business 
 not merely in this State, but in all parts of the 
 South. He is a shipper also of brownstonc and 
 other materials to the West. Among other jobs 
 of I'onstruction executed by him here the fol- 
 lowing may be mentioned: The new Masonic 
 Temple ; the First street viaduct, extending to 
 Barton Heights ; the granite work on the Lom- 
 bardy School ; the stone work on Mr. W. L. 
 Royall's house ; on Major Dooley's fine resi- 
 dence in the Western suliurlis of the city ; and 
 on Clay Ward market. 
 
 Mr. Copland is ready to estimate on or under- 
 take any sort of work, in his line, to be done 
 anywhere in this countiy, or to furnish material 
 from his own quarries of these parts. He lives 
 m the substantial residence shown in the half- 
 tone cut on page 111 of this work. 
 
 J.\MES Netherwood, Contractor for stone work 
 of all kinds, on a large scale, maintains yards 
 of two acres area, lying on the water front of 
 the city, at the foot of Virginia street, between 
 the river and the canal, and upon the line of 
 the Richmond and Danville Railroad, which 
 affords him transportation facilities direct. He 
 does a vast amount of granite work, and gets 
 his material from the quarries in the vicinity of 
 the city. 
 
 He has been established here in this line for 
 more than thirty years. He was in the busi- 
 ness, in fact, before the war. He has been a 
 leader in it ever since he started, and has used 
 more stone — street paving not taken into ac- 
 count — than all the other contractors for stone 
 masonry here together. He usually employs 50 
 hands, but often has more than that in his ser- 
 vice. He does work in all parts of the South, 
 but chiefly in Virginia, the Carolinas and 
 Florida. 
 
 He has executed contracts for stone work on 
 tlie new Planters National Bank here, the new 
 City Hall and Masonic Temple, and he is now 
 engaged on the new Chamber of Commerce 
 liuilding. He put up, also, the Lee, Soldiers' 
 and Sailore', and the Howitzers' monument 
 here; all of which are shown in engravings of 
 this work. 
 
 M.vsox & Si.M, general stone contractors, of 
 003 Canal street, have two j'ards here, one on 
 Canal and the other on Seventh street. They 
 own, also, a quarry on the Fredericksburg road, 
 tliree miles from the cit)', which they are now 
 preparing to work. It is a granite quarry. 
 
 The partners in this firm, W. R. ISIason and 
 Robert Sim, are Scotchmen by birth, but they 
 have been resident here for the last twenty 
 3'ears. 
 
 Heretofore (during the last three years in 
 which they have been established in partner- 
 ship), they have been taking contracts chiefly 
 in Virginia and Pennsylvania. They have had 
 on an average 40 hands employed, and are doing 
 abusinessof $.50,000 a year They liave executed 
 
 JAMES NETHERWOOD, Stone Contractoi. 
 
 among other work here, the stone work of R. 
 C. Brown's handsome residence on Franklin 
 street ; L. L. Strause's on the same street, near 
 by ; J. J. IMontague's on the same square, and 
 those of Mrs. Donnan and Mr. James Patton, 
 also on Franklin street. They also laid the 
 stone of the Grace-Street Baptist Chnivli, and 
 that of the new Richmond Brewery. They are 
 dealers in stone and granite, and are jirepared 
 to estimate on building or monumental work of 
 any description, or for any part of the country, 
 in competition with anyone, either here or 
 elsewhere. 
 
172 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 Jniis K. Williams iV; Co., i|U;iiTynic'ii ami 
 (leali'i-s in buiUling and roofin-; slate, at 918 East 
 Main stivi't (John K. and E. R. Williams), do 
 the leading business in their line at Kichmoiul. 
 They havelieeii in the business iiretty much all 
 their lives, and are ivgardi'd as authorities ujion 
 all matters eonneeted with it. The Smithsonian 
 Institute is indebted to them for fossils anil 
 speeimens, and they are known as jiulilic-sjiirited 
 citizens and successful men. 
 
 They own and operate the l'.u(Uin,t.'luuii slate 
 (|uarries at Arbonia, Buckingham county, this 
 State, on the lineof tlie James River Division of 
 the Chesai>eake and Ohio Railroad. They are 
 very lar^e moling contractors also, not here 
 alone, but throughout the South. They are, in 
 fact, as a lirm. one of the large.st concerns of the 
 kin<l in the Inited States, and their products 
 and work are well known all over the country. 
 
 They employ altogether :!00 men. Among 
 other important jobs the following w^ere fur- 
 nished with slate l)ythem: The Western Union 
 Telegraph liuilding, New York; the Appraiser's 
 stores (Custom Ilonsc) San Francisco: and the 
 Cin<-innati and Richmond City Malls. 
 
 The Me.-si-s. Williams, iirincipals in this con- 
 cern, are of Welsh birth, but they have been 
 e.stalilished in business here for twenty-iive 
 years or more. They are members of the Cha.m- 
 
 liKl! OK CoMMEKCE. 
 
 The Wkstiiam Ghaxite Comi-anv of Viroixia, 
 which has ottices over the National Bank of Vir- 
 ginia, corner Eleventh and Main streets, in this 
 city, and also in Carroll Hall, corner Baltimore 
 and Calvert streets, Baltimore city, is engaged in 
 business in both, as quarry men and as a construc- 
 tion and contracting <'omiiany ; liut its principal 
 business is tlie furnishing of building, monu- 
 mental and cemetery stone, street cuiiiiug, pav- 
 ing lilocks and nibble stone, from its own ijuar- 
 ries situated seven miles sontii of Richmond, on 
 James river, in Chesterfield county, and on the 
 line of the Richmond and Danville Railroad, 
 from which a branch road runs directly into 
 them. 
 
 There are six of these (luarries on the 400 acres 
 owned by the company, yielding the veiT supe- 
 rior i|uality of the granite for which the vicinitv 
 of Richmond is famous. It is of tlie varieties 
 known as gray and blue, and is furnished by 
 them to the building, memorial and contracting 
 trades in all parts of the country. These quar- 
 ries are the largest in the State. They supplied 
 most of the .stone for the new City Hall in Ricli- 
 inond, which is constructed entirelv of granite. 
 
 Good sami>les of this .stone can be .seen in the 
 First National Bank of Baltimore ; the Cham) )er 
 of Commerce in the same city ; the new State, 
 War and Navy Department building at Wash- 
 ington, D. C. ; and the Western Vnion Tele- 
 grajih building. New York. 
 
 This enterprise organized in 1S72 with a 
 stock company of §300,000 capital, in which 
 Colonel R. Sxowdex Axdhews, of Baltimore, 
 was princripal. About eight years ago Colonel 
 Andrews acciuirid the entire ownership. Mr. 
 John INIcGowan, .superintendent of the quarries, 
 was formerly engaged in the same business in 
 New York. The company employs steadily 
 about 150 hands, and, as may be imagined, does 
 a very large business. 
 
 uooFixo, iM.rMiuN'i;, etc. 
 
 Thomas N. Kexdler's liii hmoxd (talvanized 
 Ikon Works, 1101 and 110.". West Broad street, 
 are the largest at Richmond. Mr. K. has put 
 ni> work on some of the handsomest and costli- 
 est liuildings, pulilic and private, in the princi- 
 l)al cities of Mrginia, West Virginia and North 
 Carolina; and the manner in w Inch this work 
 has been i>crformed has earned him a high re))ii- 
 tation in th(> business he follows. He is thor- 
 oughly prepared witli facilities and appoint- 
 ments to do sheet-metal work in copper, gal- 
 vanized iron or zinc after architects' designs. 
 He manufactures crestings, columns, finials, 
 weather vanes, cornice, door and window-caps, 
 etc., and makes a specialty of galvanized store- 
 fronts, metal roofing and fire-iiroof doors and 
 shutters. He carries in stock corrugated iron 
 roofing and siding, crimped and beaded iron, 
 weatherboard iron, steel roofing and steel brick 
 imitation; also ventilators, chimney tops, elbows 
 and gutter pipes, etc., and can supply the trade 
 from this stock upon short notice. 
 
 CiiAKLEs H. Cosby, tinning, plumbing and 
 gas-fitting contractor, of 307 Monroe street, is a 
 native of the State, and has been a resident of 
 Richmond since his twelfth year. He began 
 his apprenticeship at the plumbing and tinning 
 trade here, whi'e scarcely in his teens, with Mr. 
 James E. Phillips, who w'as a leading master 
 plumber of the city at that time. Mr. Cosby 
 has been doing business on his own account for 
 something like ten years, during which time he 
 has executed some of the finest jobs and largest 
 contracts given out here in the trade. He has 
 a great rei)utation as a plumber, especially in 
 the line of sanitary plumbing, and he is often 
 called upon to execute difiicult jobs. 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 173 
 
 lie has the facilities also provided to do njof- 
 iiig and gattei'iny;, and this branch also has his 
 attention, lie carries a stock of gas and water 
 fixtures and ]ilnmbers' materials always on 
 hand. 
 
 He is preiiared to figure on woik of any s<:)rt 
 in his line to be done herealjouts in competition 
 with anybody in the business. Many of the 
 property owners here entrust him with work to 
 be done on their houses without estimate at all, 
 so well established is liis reputation for thor- 
 oughness and relialiility. 
 
 We.st & BiiANX'ii, dealers in plumbrr^<' and liii- 
 roofers' supplies and contractors Ibrsteam-titting 
 and steam-beating and toba<'co and fruit-dryini; 
 apparatus, at 1417 East Main .street, have lung 
 enjoyed reputation as the leading Hrni of that 
 line in Richmond, and in their trade territory, 
 which embraces the two Virginias anil the 
 Carolinas. They carry usually a ?;io,000 stock, 
 and with 20 hands employed, do a business 
 aggregating .?oO,000 a year. Their specialty is 
 contracting for steam-fitting and steam-heating 
 and ventilating, and the trade in pipe and lif- 
 tings, brass goods and ferra-cotta drain ami 
 
 ting of the Masonic Temple by means of steam- 
 fans, one of the largest jobs of that kind yet done 
 in the city, and one of the most successful. 
 They have done the plumbing and other work 
 of that kind in manv of the finest residences of 
 
 WESr & BRANCH 
 Pljrmbing and Plumbing Materials. 
 
 sewer pipe. They are the agents lieiv for the 
 celebrated granite .sewer pipe. 
 
 This firm has executed under contract some 
 of the most notable work done in their line here 
 in recent yeare, among other jobs, the ventila- 
 
 R. F. LUCK, Jr., Plumbing Shop. 
 
 the city and its suburbs, and have furnished and 
 put in steam drying apparatus for most of tl.e 
 larger tobacco factories here, among them P. 
 11. Mayo's, J. B. Pace's, .lo.seiib CuUingworth's, 
 lioykin, Seddon & Co.'s, and the T. C. Williams 
 Company's. At this writing they are doing the 
 steam-fitting of the remodelled First National 
 Bank building here, and of the new buildings 
 of tlj Commonwealth Club and the Planters 
 National Bank. 
 
 Both the partners in this house are natives of 
 Richmond. They are Confederate veterans, 
 and are members of the Cii.\.\ii3ek of Co.m.mekce. 
 
 R. F. Llx-k, Jr., tinner, plumber and gas-fit- 
 ter, of o04 West Main street, does a contracting 
 business, and gives special attention to Latrobe 
 and other furnace work, setting up stoves and 
 ranges, water-backs, etc., and has considerable 
 business, usually, in the counfi-y as well as city. 
 He generally has 15 or 20 hands employed on 
 contract work and, ordinarily, a dozen or so on 
 bis regular shop work — among these the best 
 that can tie procured. His patrons for job work 
 are the best people in the city. 
 
 He is a very fine mechanic himself, and he 
 pereonally superintends all work entrusted him. 
 
174 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 He begjui in the biisinef-s in his youtli, served 
 his time with John Howeis, a leading house 
 here, and afterward worked at the trade for 
 eiglit year? in Danville, Va. Returning liere 
 about five yeai-s ago, he eniliarl^ed in lousiness 
 on his own aeeount, and lias since been one of 
 the most prosperous of the master plumbers of 
 the city. 
 
 Svn.NOi! it SuKi-ARi), general water-supjily con- 
 traetoi-s and dealers in pumps, windmills, tanks, 
 hydraulic rams, wire and iron fences, etc., at 
 144.5 East Main street, make a specialty of arte- 
 sian well drilling, well sinking in earth or stone, 
 and bored wells, with particular attention to 
 the business of furnishing an ample water sup- 
 ply for private residences, hotels, farms, fac- 
 tories, stock yards, railroad companies or towns. 
 Tliey are prepared to contract for work of this 
 character to be executed anywhere in ilaryland, 
 the Virginias or the ("arolinas. 
 
 Tlie following, among other jobs, have been 
 succ,e.ssfally accomplished by them since they es- 
 tablished them.selves in partnership in this line 
 a year or so ago: Two artesian wells for Major 
 Lewis Ginter, of the great Allen ct Ginter cig- 
 
 anotlier on his Sherwood Land Company's 
 tract, west of the city which will be 700 feet 
 deep); one for the .Mbemarle Paper Company 
 
 T, G. SYDNOR, 
 Of Sydnot & Shepard. 
 
 arette factory here (one of them at his country 
 seat, " Westbrook," on the Hermitage Road 
 just outside of Richmond, 306 feet deep, and 
 
 L, W. SHEPARD. 
 Of Sydnor 8c Shepard. 
 
 HI this city, 22-5 feet deep; one for the Frank- 
 lin Brass Company at Buchanan. Va. ; several 
 at the new Virginia iron centei-s, Clifton Forge 
 and Iron Gate ; and hundreds besides these in 
 Virginia of various depths and different sorts. 
 
 In boring wells by hand-power, terra-cotta is 
 used by them to exclude the surface water, and 
 the wells are so constructed that they can never 
 cave or become stagnant. For seeming a cheap 
 but constant supply of water, and for ordinary 
 purposes, they utilize and sell largely Rife's 
 Hydr.vulic Rams, the most effective apparatus 
 j'et made for the purpose. They have put one 
 of these rams in operation at Barton Heights, 
 and it has given the greate-st satit-faction. They 
 are agents for the sale of this ram. They can 
 furnish any kind or sized pump made in the 
 United States, and carry a stock of them at 
 prices ranging from $1 to $.5,000. They have 
 a full complement of artesian drilling machinery 
 valued at §20,000, and a large and experienced 
 statt' of employes. They are very thorough in 
 their methods and exceedingly reasonable. Al- 
 though only a comparatively short time estab- 
 lished, they arc doing a very large business 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 175 
 
 iilreiiily, ami are putting on more men every 
 day. 
 
 Both members of the tirm were in the busi- 
 ness before their partnership, Mr. Thomas <i. 
 8ydnor with the well-known house of Smith & 
 Courtney here ; and ilr. L. W. Shei-ard liy him- 
 self. Mr. SyJnor is president of the Hydraulic 
 Engineering Companj' of this city, wliich has 
 the State agency for the Rife's rams already re- 
 ferred to. 
 
 H. Clay Lynn, plumber and gas-fitter, and 
 dealer in stoves and tin-ware and household 
 furnishings generally, at 409 Brook avenue, 
 came here about six years ago from Loudoun 
 county, and established him.self. He was in 
 this same line there. He is an expert workman 
 himself, and he gives to all work entrusted him 
 personal supervision. He has a corps of skilled 
 mechanics employed and all the necessary tools 
 and appliances. IMany of the best buildings put 
 up here in recent years contain examples of 
 work he has executed. 
 
 He has also engaged largely in real estate 
 speculation, such as buying and building upon 
 
 John E. Rose & Co. (J. E. and .1. H. Rose), 
 tinners, plumbers, steam and gas-fitters, and 
 dealers also in stoves, tin ware and bouse fur- 
 
 H. CLAY LYNN, Master Plumber. 
 
 su]iurbau property. He is a man of means, 
 accumulated by successful management of these 
 affairs. 
 
 JOHN E. ROSE'S 
 Tinning and Plumbing Establishment. 
 
 nishings, at 1510 East Main street and 105 East 
 Broad street, do a very excellent business. 
 They usually carry a $10,000 stock, and their 
 .«ales in Virginia and the Carolinas, with the con- 
 tracts executed by them in the cour.se of a year, 
 aggregate soraethmg like $:;,000 a month. They 
 are father and son. Jlr. John H. Rose has been 
 established since 1S61. Mr. J. E. Rose, who, 
 like his father, is a practical mechanic, has been 
 a principal in the house since 1S70. They are 
 sole Richmond agents for Charles Noliles & Co., 
 of Phdadelphia., and are meml)ers of the Cham- 
 liER (IF Commerce. 
 
 -Vmong other jobs wliicli have been executed 
 by them the following are notalile: The roofing 
 of the Richmond Locomotive and Machine 
 Works and of the Shockoe Warehouse ; the 
 tinning, gas and steam piping of the residence 
 of P. Whitlock, on Second and Grace streets; 
 the pluml)ing and steam-fitting of the fine 
 dwelling of John H. (iresliam on the new turn- 
 pike north of the city; tlie pluml)ing and gas- 
 fitting of Hasker t*i Marcuse's buikling ; the 
 steam fitting of the Richmond Mica ^lanufac- 
 turinir Company's building, and the tinning, 
 plumbing and steam-fitting of the ^Millbiscr 
 Slanufacturing Company's place. 
 
i7(; 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 Shanks iV; HAKKirrT, practical i)lumbers and 
 Kas-littere and tinners, at lOi) Governor street, 
 liave a tliree-story place, the first floor of 
 which is a sales-room ; the second a plunibiiiL' 
 shoj); and the third a tinning sho[). They do 
 work everywhere throiighont tin- State, and 
 among other contracts executed by them the 
 following are notable: The steam-litting of St. 
 .toseiih's Asylnm on Fonrth and Marshall streets, 
 of ■'t. Mary's Menedictine Institute, of the ^Icr- 
 cliants National Bank, and the residences of II. 
 ('. I'.catticat Forest Hill Park, and William Kice 
 in Manchester; also the Virginia Normal Col- 
 legiate Institute in Chesterfield, and the Central 
 Lunatic .\sylum in Petersburg. They have been 
 e.stal)lished since 1<S()(). Mr. Siia.nks is of Scotch 
 birth but has lived here for forty-five years, and 
 Jlr. BARiUiTT for forty. Both mastered tlieir 
 trade in the old country before they came here, 
 and both have been rated superior workmen foi- 
 
 SHANKS St BARRETT'S PLUMBING ESTABLISHME 
 
 many years. They have a thoroughly-eciuipped 
 place and do an excellent business. 
 
 II. (iuiM.MKi.L, dealer in stoves and manufac- 
 turer of tinning, plumbing and gas-fitting woi'k 
 at .■>()4 ICiist Broad street, is engaged at present 
 in the i)lumbing of twenty-five houses. He has 
 just finished a job of eight tenement houses 
 for Major Bolton here, and his work is regarded 
 as very nearly mechanically jierfect. He is 
 prepared to do work anywliere in this i>art of 
 the country. He has a four-story place and an 
 eiiuipment complete throughout. He makes a 
 sjiecialty of furnishing and setting up gas chan- 
 deliers, marble mantels, fronts and grates, etc., 
 and of tinning and plumbing contracts. 
 
 He is a German by birth, but has been living 
 here since 1857. He began on his own account 
 
 just before the war, and after he had .served his 
 four vears in the Southern cause resunu'il busi- 
 ness, and has followed it uninterruptedly ever 
 since. He has acjuired considerable resources 
 l)y thrift and energy and by strict attention to 
 his fjusiness. He is interested largely, as both 
 citizen and business man, in the progress of 
 Richmond, and has been found at all times in 
 line with those liberally as.sisting the enter- 
 prises calculate<l to benefit the city. 
 
 I'LOLIU ,\XD I'dOl) 1>I!01)1'C"1'S. 
 
 The (Jai.M'Xio Mills, situated on the Canal at 
 Twelfth and Canal streets, Kichmond, must be 
 classed, in respect of their history and ca]iacity, 
 among the most famous Hour mills of the country. 
 As a venture, they are close to a hundred yeare 
 ol<l. They have long had a very large share of 
 the Brazilian trade, and their celebrated brands 
 "Gallego" and "Odance" still hold 
 a prominent position in all South 
 American markets. Their manage- 
 ment, it may be added, is in the 
 hands of some of the most enterpris- 
 ing business men of Kichmond. 
 
 These mills had their origin in a 
 mill built by Gallego at the close of 
 the last century somewhere above 
 the present limits of the city. In 
 the early years of the present c'en- 
 tury they were removed to their 
 present site by a new proprietor, 
 Chevallie, and were destroyed by 
 fire in 18-t(i. They were then re- 
 built, but were burned again in the 
 great Evacuation fire of 186.3. 
 The establishment, as it is to-day, 
 was built by Warwick & Barksdale at the cIo.se 
 of the war. It cost then, complete, $350,000. It 
 has been vastly improved since by successive 
 owners, notably by the present proprietors, the 
 Gallego Mills Company, Charles L. Todd, presi- 
 dent ; S. G. Fairbank, vice-president ; and 
 Captain Cyrus Bossieux, second vice-president 
 and treasurer. Mr. Todd is one of the largest 
 commission merchants of the city. He was a 
 member of the City Council for years. INIr. Fair- 
 bank was the leading mamifacturer of cooperage 
 here before he embarked in milling ; and Cap- 
 tain Bossieux is a capitalist and very large land 
 owner. This company has been running these 
 mills successfully since June of 1887. 
 
 The Gallego ^lills property embraces, in a 
 large nine-story brick building, 100 by 190 — to 
 build which required over tw'o and a (luarter 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 177 
 
 million Ijrii'k — a flour mill of 1,400 barrels ilaily 
 capacity, a meal mill of 2,500 bushels daily capa- 
 city, and warehouses adjoining, which have a 
 storage capacity of l'o0,000 Inishels of wheat and 
 20,000 barrels of flour. The mills are equipped 
 with both buhr and roUer-iJrocess grinding ma- 
 chinery, the latt<?r of the most improved and 
 complete pattern, used mostly for the produc- 
 tion of their popular brands for home consump- 
 tion, and the former for their export brands. 
 
 They are operated by the water-power of the 
 James, which is utilized by them to the extent 
 of 400 horse-power, and have advantages supe- 
 
 been famous for the keeping qualities of their 
 product in tropical climates. They use Virginia- 
 made Ijarrels exclusively, and, situated as they 
 are at the head of the tidewater here, have l)oth 
 rail and river transportation conveniences. 
 
 The company that owns them has $200,000 
 capital. They represent an investment of fully 
 §500,000. 
 
 The Hax.\ll-Crenshaw Company operates a 
 flour mill at the foot of Twelfth street which 
 lias capacity to j^iroduce 1,500 barrels of flour a 
 day, 500 of that by the new roller process and 
 
 tiic.-^^. mffi 111 1 1 s i s 
 
 — ^i 1 s I II 
 
 r^TP^l^i s 1 ft 
 
 i H I g I 
 
 ' 'Ma 
 
 
 GALLEGO FLOUR MILLS. 
 
 rior to the Minneapolis mills in this particular, 
 in the respect of the milder winter here, which 
 permits work all the year round. They emi>loy 
 50 hands, and consume about 10,000 bushels 
 daily when running full. They have turned out 
 yearly since the war an average of nearly 325,- 
 000 barrels of flour, which is an annual business 
 of more than a million dollars. They sell this 
 product largely in the Carolinas and Virginia, 
 but mostly for export; for the mills have long 
 12 
 
 the remainder b\' the old-fashioned plan of the 
 "Buhr stone," and besides this, a mill of ca- 
 pacity to ]>roduce 1,000 bushels of corn meal 
 daily. These mills employ, when running to 
 their full capacity, 150 hands. They are 
 equipiied with a water motor of five overshot 
 and five turbine wheels, and they have every 
 facility provided for the receipt of grain and 
 shipment of their products, and, generallv 
 speaking, to disi>atch business. They have 
 
178 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 track connection with all the roads centering 
 here. 
 
 They inaiuif'actiire larjiely for export, and es- 
 pecially for the ti'oiiical American trade. They 
 have large sales in Brazil hecause they make a 
 flour particularly well adapted to the climatic 
 conditions of that countiy. For this trade they 
 make three brands that are highly appreciated 
 in those parts — the "Haxall," "Clara" and 
 "Crenshaw." For the domestic trade they 
 make the "Byrd Island" and "Clara," which 
 find great favor in all the markets of the South 
 and here at home. These are highly desiralile 
 l)ran<ls for family use. 
 
 All these flours are made from select winter 
 wheat, and are put up in packages convenient 
 
 and Mr. L. D. Crenshaw, the former vice-presi- 
 dent and the latter secretary and treasurer of it. 
 All three were raised to the business from their 
 youth. They have been directing the enter- 
 prise most of the time since the organization of 
 the company. IMr. Crenshaw has been identified 
 with it since 1869 and Mr. Barton Haxall has 
 been one of its principals since 1881. The capi- 
 tal stock of this company, $400,000, is signifi- 
 cant of the extent of its business. 
 
 II. AV. MoEST.v is the name under which Mrs. 
 Elenora Moesta conducts the bakery and con- 
 fectionery business at 111 East Main street. 
 She is the widow of H. W. Moesta, who was 
 a citizen here for twentv-tive vears and a 
 
 THE HAXALL FLOUR MILLS, 
 
 for retail trade. Tlie corn meal outjnit of the 
 mill is one of best "water-ground" bread meal, 
 and is likewise popular with the retail trade. It 
 is considered without a superior in this market. 
 
 The original Haxall Mills, which these re- 
 place, were built in 1809 by the grandfather of 
 Captain Philip Haxall, president of the Haxall- 
 Cren.shaw Company. They first gave Richmond 
 prestige in the flour trade. The present mills 
 were rebuilt in 1874. They occupy a tract of 
 seven acres on Byrd Island, belonging to the 
 company, which has a frontage of 1,000 feet on 
 the .lames. 
 
 Associated with l\lr. Haxall in the manage- 
 ment of Jhis company are Mr. Barton Haxall 
 
 very successful business man. His son Ru- 
 dolph manages the business. This business 
 embraces a bakery wliich, in itself, is one of tlie 
 largest in the South, and an ice-cream factory, 
 together employing 17 hands, and with both a 
 city and State trade, the specialties of which 
 are ice-cream and catering. Moesta's, in fact, 
 are the largest and finest ice-cream parlors of 
 the city. Ice-cream is shipped by this estab- 
 lishment all over this State and to many parts 
 of North Carolina besides, and it does a very 
 handsome business here in preparing the edi- 
 bles served at entertainments — a line in which 
 it has great reputation, especially in the fash- 
 ionable "West End," in which it is. 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 179 
 
 R.Adam's bakery, 11 and 1.". Smitli Twelftli 
 streets, is the oldest here, and certainly one of 
 largest in the State. It was estabhshed in 1843 
 by R. Adam, the father of its present pro- 
 prietor and manager, R. D. Adam, who is a 
 member of the Chamber of Commerce. It 
 represents an investment of 5'-10,000 in build- 
 ing and equipment ; it employs about 20 hands 
 regularly on bread and cake for the city and 
 State trade, and it consumes, on an average, 
 about 5,000 barrels of flour a year, which is the 
 equivalent of a $.50,000 Inisiness in the same 
 time. It occupies a building which is 41.1 by 
 187 feet ground plan, in part tliree and in part 
 five stories high. 
 
 A. J. Clarke, wholesale and retail baker and 
 confectioner of 1706 East Main street, is succes- 
 sor to his father, F. W. Clarke, who was estab- 
 lished here many years ago. He supplies the 
 retailers of the city, and has considerable trade 
 also throughout the State. His place is well 
 known as the American Steam Bakery and Con- 
 fectionery, and by its specialty, "High Tea" 
 bread and fine confectioner}-. He utilizes about 
 40 barrels of flour a week. 
 
 Louis Bromm's "Virginia Family Bakery," 
 •il6 East jNIarshall street, has 17 employes, three 
 delivery wagons, and is one of the largest estab- 
 
 A. J. CLARKE, Baker. 
 
 Although still a young man, Mr. Clarke has 
 very substantial resources. He owns property 
 here and has other business interests. 
 
 LOUIS BROMM Baker 
 
 lishments here. It consumes 75 bai'rels of flour 
 a week, which is at the rate of $50,000 business a 
 year. Mr. Bromm, the proprietor, has followed 
 the trade here since 1S5S, and has been estab- 
 lished, on his own account^ since 1806. He 
 makes a sjiecialty of the liaking of ornamental 
 cakes to order. 
 
 Mr. Bromm owns his place of business, a fine 
 three-story brick building of modern architec- 
 ture, 25 by 160 feet ih area, situated in the heart 
 of the city, in the business quarter. An engrav- 
 ing on page 180 shows its appearance, and on 
 this page also is a portrait of INIr. Bromm. 
 
 Mr.s. E. G. Kidd, manufacturer of "Pin Mo- 
 ney" pickles, resides liere at 619 North Sixth 
 street. The stranger passing there is aware, 
 perhaps, of a grateful aroma of vinegar and 
 spices. Looking arounrl, he sees only a modest 
 residence, with nothing to indicate that it is 
 the seat of a celebrated enterprise. Yet here, 
 in her basement and in that of the adjoining 
 house, with ample buildings in the rear, jMrs. 
 E. G. Kidd, who prepares these celebrated rel- 
 ishes, gives personal attention to every detail 
 of her expansive business, not only in the fac 
 tor)-, but often at the desk; and, in emergencies, 
 
180 
 
 THE CITY ON TliE JAMES. 
 
 on tlie roiiil uvcii, slio lias shown lieiself tMiual 
 to the occasion. 
 
 Bi'fiun some years ago, as the name si^nilies, 
 for a tittle "pin money," her industry has to- 
 day attained a national — yes, it may l)e said an 
 
 LOUIS BROMM S BAKERY. 
 
 international repntatiun. Throiitihont the eoun- 
 try her oil mangoes and other sweet pickles 
 may be seen on the shelves of the leading gro- 
 cers, in the buffets of the palace cars and'on 
 menus of the famous clubs, hotels and summer 
 resorts. Among her patrons, also, are' the 
 st(ramship companies. Orders have been filled 
 for the American Colony in Paris and in other 
 European capitals. I'"ven from dii>loniatic cir- 
 cles there come occasional "assurances of dis- 
 tinguished consideration. ' ' 
 
 Under conservative management, this Jiusi- 
 ness, begun in a small way and with some embar- 
 rassments, shows, from year to year, such steady 
 and healthy growth as to be worthy of mention 
 among the notable enterprises of Richmond. 
 
 R. H. H.\HDKsrv (manager for E. Y. Hard- 
 esty), manufacturer of and wholesale dealer 
 in stick and fancy candies at ]407 East 
 Main street, although only established on his 
 
 own account for a couple of years, is doing, in 
 all probability, the liest business of tlie kind 
 here. He requires for convenience in manu- 
 facture a large three-story building, and he has 
 his jilace fitted uji in modern style. He has 2-) 
 hands steadily employed. He numbers among 
 liis customere many of the jolibing grocers of the 
 city and State, and his trade is growing rapidly 
 all the while. 
 
 He ui-es more stock than any one in his line 
 liere manufacturing, like himself exclusively. 
 His output, 10,000 pounds (five tons) a day of 
 finished jiroduct, is an indication of the extent 
 of his business, and he is obliged to run his 
 place up to its full capacity all the time to keep 
 up with his orders. 
 
 His specialties are stick candies and penny 
 goods. 
 
 He is a native of the city, and has followed 
 this line here for more than twenty yeai's. He 
 has been comiielled to enlarge his establishment 
 lately, and the jtrosjiect for the future with him 
 is lirighter now than at any time in the past. 
 
 Oliver B. Dvei:, manufacturer of and wliole- 
 sale and retail dealer in fine candies, at ()14 East 
 
 R. H, HARDESTY, 
 (Manager fof E. V Hardesty). Manufacturer of Confectionery. 
 
 Marshall street, has been estalilisbeil in that 
 line since 1862. He does considerable jobbing 
 throughout the State, but his business, generally 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 181 
 
 speaking, is with the loi'al tnnle. Ills spet'ial- 
 ties are stick candy and liand-niade <zoo<ls; and 
 he also cairies a very complete stock of the 
 finest French candies ami chocolates. 
 
 OLIVER B. DYER, 
 Manufacturing Confectioner. 
 
 lie is sole proprietor, also, and nianutiicturer 
 of the celebrated "Cherokee Cough Drops," 
 which are widely known for their curative vir- 
 tues in coughs and colds, and are generally con- 
 ceded the best in the market. They are sold at 
 five cents per box, and can be had at all drug 
 stores and confectioneries. The trade is sup- 
 plied with them by Purcell, Ladd & Co., the 
 Powers-Taylor Drug Company, the Owens & 
 Jlinor Drug Company and Bodeker Brothers, 
 of Richmond. 
 
 Agents to introduce this popular remedy are 
 wanted in every locality. Correspondence on 
 that or other subjects of business should be for- 
 warded Mr. Dyer direct at the address at the 
 head of this sketch. 
 
 The Old Dominion Preskrvino Comi'.\nv, 200S 
 East Main street, is a comparatively new con- 
 cern. It was establisheil here on March 1, 1S92. 
 It has $2.5,000 authorized capital, two men on 
 the road, and is doing business already at the 
 rate of $7.5,000 a year, with prospects of a con- 
 siderable advance upon that figure ere long. Its 
 specialty is the manufacture of ])rcscrves and 
 
 mince-meat. It has an equipment equal to pro- 
 duction of two and a half tons of preseiTes and the 
 same amount of mince-meat a day, and it is turn- 
 ing out the very finest iiuality of goods known 
 to the trade. It is the only house of this kind 
 south of Baltimore, is in a position to success- 
 fully compete with Northern manufactui-ers, 
 and, therefore, must eventually command the 
 best trade of the South. 
 
 The principals in this company are J.\mes A. 
 MoNCTRE, president; .1. N. Grant, treasurer; 
 anil H. 1). INIooN, secretary. Local capitalists 
 are also interested in it, among others, .John 
 .\dam, manager of the Cnion Brokerage Com- 
 [lanv here, and two non-iesidents, .Tosiah Grant 
 nf Burlington, X. J., and Robert D. Vandenljerg 
 ..f Trenton, X. J. :Me.«srs. Corson, Grant and 
 :\Ioon were formerly in this line at Burlington, 
 X. J., and had a high reputation for the goods 
 they produced. 
 
 Jkfi'ress & Shelton, dealers in teas, cofl"ees, 
 spices, tobaccos and cigars at 109 and 111 South 
 Fourteenth street, are proprietors also of the 
 Old Dominion Steam Coffee and Spice Mills, 
 the largest estaljlishment of that sort in Rich- 
 
 J, N. GRANT, 
 Treasurer Old Dominion Preserving Co. 
 
 mond. Tbey are successoi's to J. B. .letlVess & 
 Co., estalrli^hed in ISM. Tliey liave three men 
 on the iv.ail in tlie Carolinas ami Virginias. 
 
]8l 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 They usually carry a $20,000 stock, anil they 
 do an annual biisiness of $150,000 to $200,000. 
 Their specialty is the n>anufacture and jircpa- 
 ration of tobacconists' supplies. 
 
 The (irincipals in this house are J. B. Jek- 
 rmcss and 11. W. .Shei.to.n. Mr. Jeffress has 
 been in business here eleven years. He was a 
 general merchandiser in the country before he 
 settled here. He is the office and credits-man 
 of the lirm. Mr. Shelton is also a Virginian. 
 He lias been in business here for the best part 
 of his life. He was a retailer in this same line 
 prior to the establislinient of this bou.se. He 
 gives the factory and outside affairs his atten- 
 tion generally, and also travels considerably in 
 the interest of the bouse. 
 
 C. F. SAUER COMPANY'S ESTABLISHMENT. 
 
 V,vi,extixe',s Me.\t-.Iiue Comi'.vxy owns and 
 operates Valcntitie's Meat-.luice Works, corner 
 of Sixth and Cary streets, is one of the largest 
 manufacturing establishments of the city, and 
 is, moreover, by reason of the univei-sal de- 
 maud for its products and their superior quali- 
 ty, one of world-wide note. These works were 
 founded in 1872 by the late Mann S. Valen- 
 tine, originator of "X'alentine's Meat Juice." 
 The business grew rapidly ui\der his enter- 
 prising management, and incorporation was 
 
 resorted to to further it. Mr. A'alentine was 
 president of the company in his lifetime, and 
 was assisted in the direction of affairs by his 
 sons, seven in number, each of whom are in 
 charge of a department of the works. One of 
 them, :Mr. (;i!.\nville G. V.m.entine, succeeds 
 his father as the executive head of the concern. 
 ^'alcntine's Meat-Juice ('omi)any reaches its 
 trade through sales depots established by it 
 in all the large cities of this country and Europe, 
 Asia and South America. It has an especially 
 large trade with the medical sujiply departments 
 of the foreign governments, and also in the 
 Orient. Business is translated by its bureau of 
 correspondence in more than one foreign tongue. 
 The medical authorities and scientists, both at 
 home and abroad, give Valentines' INIeat Juice 
 a great reputation. Prof. Virchow of Berlin, 
 and Drs. Marion Sims, Mott and Thomas of 
 New York, and Agnew of Philadelphia, have 
 jironounced it the most perfect j^reparation of 
 meat juice in the market. It was carried on 
 the Greeley Relief Expedition, and also by 
 Thompson and other African travellers and 
 explorers; and these instances illusti-ate its 
 adaptal)ility for use in all the climates of the 
 world. 
 
 This establishment, we may add, has a mem- 
 bership also in the Chamber of Commerce. 
 
 The C. F. S.\CER Company, manufacturers of 
 flavoring extracts, dealers in druggists and gro- 
 cers' sundries, packers of laundry blue and 
 grinders of spices, etc., occupy the double 
 four-story building situated at the corner of 
 Fourteenth and Main streets, shown in the 
 cut accompanying this matter. 
 
 This company was organized July 11, 1891, 
 with a capital stock of $30,000, by the follow- 
 ing well-known business men : C. F. Sauer, 
 who is its president ; Charles L. Sauer, its 
 secretary and treasurer; W. T. Hancock, Har- 
 relson & Crump, W. W. Parrisb, George Miller 
 and othere. 
 
 The specialty of the business of this house 
 is the manufacture of its celebrated flavoring 
 extracts. It is the first and only bouse here that 
 has made this its main feature, and that carries 
 a fall and complete line of such goods. Under 
 the eflicient management of its president, the 
 bouse has met with such success that it claims 
 for its business a place among the leading in- 
 dustries of the city. Its flavoring extracts 
 are as fine, in point of quality, as any on the 
 market. 
 
 This ho\ise also reiiresents tlie W. J. M. Gor- 
 don Chkmicai. Company, of Cincinnati, in the 
 
THE CITY ON TIIE JAMES. 
 
 183 
 
 handliiif.' of that i-ompany'sglywrine, the oldest 
 brand uianufectured in the world. It has taken 
 the first premium wherever exhibited in coni- 
 
 B, KASTELBERG, Butcher. 
 
 petition with other brands, and is guaranteed 
 it to be chemically pure. The trade, especially 
 the tobacco manufacturers, have been largely 
 supplied with this glycerine, and their tests, as 
 reported to the C. F. Sauer Company, fully 
 verify the assumption of purity made in this 
 guarantee. The deman<;l for this glycerine is 
 steadily inei'easing; it is handled by the C. F. 
 Sauer Company in car-load lots. 
 
 This company carries, also, a very select line 
 of cigars, chewing and smoking tobacco, snufl", 
 and spices of all kinds ; and a full and complete 
 line of all grades of green and black teas is kept 
 in stock. This latter department is in charge 
 of an experienced tea man, who draws and 
 matches any grade desired. 
 
 One year ago this house had imly one sales- 
 man on the road and a small force of hands in 
 its factory. It now has three salesmen, covering 
 Mrginia, West Virginia and the Carolina?, and 
 gives employment to a large corps at home. Its 
 success has far exceeded the highest expecta- 
 tions of its incorporators. Its growth ma\' Ije 
 laid to the fact that wherever the goods of the 
 C. F. Sauer Company have been placed, they 
 have given uniform satisfaction. 
 
 R. K.\STELBERG, steam sausage manufacturer 
 and wholesale and retail l.iutcher, of 1004 ICast 
 Franklin street, has stalls also to acconnnodate 
 the retail trade in the Old Market. He has 
 been established here for thirty years, and has 
 trade everywhere in the vicinity of Richmond. 
 He has been successful and is an owner of real 
 estate. He is, in fact, one of the most substan- 
 tial residents of the city. His sons, C. H. and 
 Joseph, are associated with him in tlie business 
 and assist him in the management. 
 
 INIr. Kastelberg maintains a slaugliter-house 
 and stock yards at Chestnut Hill, north of the 
 city. He has ten acres there and accommoda- 
 tions to house 100 head of cattle and about as 
 many hogs. He slaughters about thirty head a 
 week. His principal business is sujiplying the 
 retail dealers of this city and its surroundings. 
 
 The 'Pioneer" Beef and Provision Com- 
 pany (Gaylord & "\'olmer, proprietors), are 
 wholesale and retail dealers in Armour's Chicago 
 dressed beef, pork and provisions, and steam 
 sausage manufacturers, with establishments at 
 1711 and 1713 East Franklin street, 507 North 
 Sixth street, and 1200 East Leigh street. They 
 have refrigerating chambers of 4,000 pounds 
 capacity, and have sausage machinery of 10,000 
 pounds capacity. They have a big trade with 
 the hotels of the city and State, with summer 
 resorts and restaurants, boarding houses and 
 private families. They have facilities, in fact, 
 for the business, equal to those of any concern 
 of the kind in the State. 
 
 i 
 
 GAYLORD & VOLMER 
 The Pioneet Beef and Provision Co, 
 
 The business of this company was established 
 about four years ago by the senior principal 
 in it, :Mr. S. Gaylorij, as a retail establishment 
 
184 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 ilealing in fresli meats and provisions. The 
 business grew rapidly, and is still, it would 
 seem, in course of development. 
 
 A cut accompanying this matter (page 183) 
 shows the company's principal place of business. 
 
 The TK.-ixsp.\nEXT Icic Wohks, situated at the 
 corner of Adams and Canal streets, are owned 
 (together with ani])le room to enable them to 
 enlarge) by Herm.\x.\ Schmidt. Tliey embrace 
 also a cold-storage department, which is a great 
 
 advantage to those of the business comujunity 
 
 handling perishable commodities. 
 The.se works were established ten years ago 
 
 by Mr. Schmidt. He makes a strictly pure ice 
 
 in them from distilled water. They have 35 
 
 tons daily cajiaci- 
 ty, and i-un ten 
 teams for city de- 
 livery ; they em- 
 ploy thirty hands, 
 and have an out- 
 put of about 6,000 
 tons of product a 
 year. Theirequip- 
 ment is of the 
 .Johnson compre.s- 
 sion patent. Ship- 
 ments arc made 
 from them to all 
 parts of ths State. 
 jNIr. Schnndt is 
 a man of more 
 than ordinary en- 
 terprise. He is 
 the proprietor al- 
 so of two grocery 
 stores here — one 
 on Broad and the 
 other on j\laiu 
 street. He is the 
 president of the 
 Virginia Building 
 anil Loan Associa- 
 tion, and is large- 
 ly interested also 
 in other local i)ro- 
 jects. He is, in 
 fact, one of the 
 most subtantial 
 men, financially, 
 in the city. He 
 is of Uernian 
 birth, but ha.? 
 been a resiclent 
 here for twenty- 
 seven years, and 
 for five years be- 
 fore that time was 
 an exporter and 
 importer of New- 
 York city. 
 Mr. T. A. Scott is meehanii'al engineer and 
 
 manager of these ice works at present. 
 The Crystal Ice Company, Twentieth and 
 
 Cary streets (site of old Lilsby Prison), has 
 
 works there of CG tons daily capacity. 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 185 
 
 HREWlCliS AM) HOTTI.EHS. 
 
 Tlie KiciiMoxn Bkewekv and Hygeia Ice 
 Factory, situated on the Hermitage road at tlie 
 head of Leigh street, is a comparatively new 
 but, nevertheless, thoroughly-estal)lished enter- 
 prise — the first of its kind in this city. The par- 
 ties interested in it are Emil Kersten and A. 
 YON X. RosEXEGK. Mr. Kersten was in the same 
 line at Charleston, S. C, before he came here, 
 as a member of the firm of Cramer & Kersten, 
 now the Palmetto Brewing Company. Mr. A. 
 von X. Rosenegk was manager here for tlie 
 Bergner & Engel Brewery, of Philadelphia, and 
 
 "Dark Extra," all whicli are regarded by ex- 
 perts superior beverages. 
 
 Their Hygeia ice, which they turn out since 
 September last,- is the clearest, hardest and purest 
 in the market. The whole output is handled 
 by the old established tirm of !Mrs. Jase King, 
 who has engaged with her as managers her two 
 sons, John M. and James N. King; and, on 
 account of the superiority of the Hygeia ice, 
 she has ceased handling Northern ice entirely. 
 
 The establishment of Messrs. Kersten and 
 von X. Rosenegk is shown in the engi-aving ac- 
 companying this matter. The main buddings 
 are of brick and iron, SO bv 100 feet and four 
 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 RICHMOND BREWERY AND HYGEIA iCE FACTORY. 
 
 is one of the most popular business men of 
 Richmond. 
 
 They have invested fully $200,000 in a plant 
 which, with its complement of machinery and 
 other aijpointments for the business, has cajia- 
 citity to produce 40,000 barrels of beer and 
 12,000 tons of ice a year. They are doing 
 already a good business, not alone in supplying 
 most of the city trade, but also in selling all 
 over Virginia and both the Carolinas their spe- 
 cialties, "Standard Malt," "Light Extra" and 
 
 stories high, half of which are the brewery and 
 the other half the cold-storage department. 
 The ice factoiy and cold-storage department is 
 equipped with two De La Vergne refrigerating 
 machines of fifty and twenty tons daily ca- 
 pacity, respectively. The buildings shown are 
 the main structure and the new ice factoiy 
 on one side, and the engine house, bottling 
 establishment and stables on the other. The 
 place, as can be seen, has a side track leading to 
 the main line of the Richmond, Fredericksburg 
 
186 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 and Potomac Kailioad, liy which means it has 
 connection with all the roads that enter the 
 city. 
 
 The rKTBK StI'JII'K liltEWING Co.MI'A.W, J-UC- 
 
 cessoi-s to the Richmond Brewing Company 
 since Jidy 1, 1892, owns and operates tiie new 
 ".Home" Brewery, situated at the corner of 
 Harrison anil Clay streets. Tliis brewery has 
 an authorized cai)ital stock of $200,000. Its 
 buildings cost, with their com])lenicnt of ma- 
 chinery, *;I.50,000. Its ].remises cover a square 
 and a half, with l)uildings for its brew house, 
 malt house, bottling department, office building, 
 stables, cooperage and cold-storage departments. 
 It is ci|uii)ped with the latest machinery known 
 to the business, including a refrigerating ajipa- 
 
 formerly in the furniture business. He is pro- 
 prietor of a hotel at Atlantic City. Mr. Doyle 
 is also a hotel keeper of Atlantic City. Mr. 
 IMeyer is an experienced German brewmaster, 
 long engaged ni tlie business in the city of 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 Although so recently establislied, this com- 
 pany has already developed a trade in the city 
 and State up to its full capacity and production. 
 Its leading brands, " Home Beer" and "Weiuer 
 Export," are general favorites and are equal in 
 strength and purity to any in the market. 
 
 Henry Bucker, bottler and wholesale dealer 
 in Schlitz's (Milwaukee) and IMoerlein's (Cincin- 
 nati) beer, at 2120 and 2122 East Main street, is 
 the name under which a business established 
 
 
 'It ~ w't 1 
 
 
 PETER STUMPF BREWING COMPANY'S ESTABLISHMENT, 
 
 ratus of the C. F. Ott patent. Its malt house 
 has a capacity of .5,000 bushels. 
 
 The directors of this company are : Peter 
 Stumpk, {)resident ; John D. Doyle, vice-presi- 
 dent ; JosEiMi Stumpe, secretary and treasurer ; 
 Ernest Meyer and George C. Guvernator. 
 
 Messrs. Meyer, Doyle and Guvernator estab- 
 lished the business here. These gentlemen were 
 induced to venture uixm this enterprise by reason 
 of the demand for beer of home manufacture. 
 Mr. Peter Stumpf and Joseph Stumj)f, his bro- 
 ther, are both experienced in the business. 
 Before this venture of theirs ihey represented 
 the Anheuser-Busch Brewing Association here 
 for a nundjer of years. Mr. (tuvernator was 
 
 twenty years ago is still continued — a business 
 employing ten teams and a dozen hands in the 
 city here, and embracing shipments to all parts 
 of Virginia and the Carolinas. 
 
 Mr. Bucker, founder of this business, is dead, 
 and Mr. M. W. Crensuaw is the manager of it. 
 He is accredited agent for the Schlitz Brewing 
 Company, of Milwaukee, and the INIoerlein Brew- 
 ing Company, of Cincinnati. He handles about 
 $6,000 worth of their products annually, making, 
 with his trade in soda-waters, a business of $75,- 
 000 a year. The Bucker establishment owns its 
 place of business, including its stables and other 
 attachments of the premises. It is the most 
 prosperous concern of the kind here. 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 187 
 
 FERTILIZERS, CHEMICALS, OILS, ETC. 
 
 The manufacture of fertilizera is an industry 
 that has been given much attention in the 
 Southern States during recent years, and 
 tlirough tlie enterprise of tlie fertilizer men of 
 this city Richmond lias come to be regarded as 
 one of the most prominent centers of the trade 
 in this country. In point of fact Richmond 
 occujnes in the fertilizer trade a position Init 
 little inferior to that livhich she has attained in 
 the tobacco trade, and her fertilizer and chem- 
 ical factories and mills emlirace not only the 
 whole South-Atlantic field, but the far South- 
 west and the great West, and exchange their 
 products, in the commercial sense, for the to- 
 bacco, wheat and corn that enter so largely into 
 the traffic of this point. 
 
 In tlic following sketches the princijial estab- 
 lishments of this line are described : 
 
 The Richmond Ciie.aiical ^^'ouKs are shown 
 in a print on the page following this (188), made 
 from a photograph of them. This is a joint-stock 
 company, incorporated under the laws of Vir- 
 ginia m 1889 for the purpose of manufacturing 
 sulphuric acid and acid phosphate and the ma- 
 nipulation and sale of commercial fertilizers. 
 It is one of the lai'gest business enterprises 
 started in the South in recent years. 
 
 The works are situated on the east bank of 
 the James river, just below the corporate limits 
 of the city of Richmond. The buildings have 
 a length of about 900 feet front and cover a lot 
 of about seven acres, including the necessary 
 yard room. The company gives steady employ- 
 ment to a force ranging in numbers from 7-"i to 
 2.50 men. It has a capacity of about 10,000 
 tons of fertilizer per annum. No expense has 
 been spared in the construction and purchase 
 of the most modern and improved machinery 
 of every kind and description, and, as the works 
 are new, they have the advantages of the latest 
 progress made ni tliis particular line of liusiness. 
 
 This company was the first in the State to use 
 A'irginia pyrites in the manufacture of sulphu- 
 ric acid. Sulphuric acid is chiefly manufac- 
 tured from Sicilian brimstone, a process whicli, 
 as commonly followed in tliis country, not only 
 takes money out of Virginia, but out of the 
 United States. The Richmond Chemical Works, 
 on the contrary, by using X'irginia suli)luir, is 
 truly a " home enterpiise." 
 
 The situation of this estabUshment on two 
 great railroad sy.stems — viz., the Chesapeake 
 and Ohio and the Richmoml and Danville, with 
 
 connecting tracks to the Atlantic Coast Line — 
 enables it to load cars at its works for all 
 points, whicli facility insures isrompt shipment 
 of orders. 
 
 These Chemical Works have no brands of 
 their own. Their special business is the manu- 
 facture and sale of acid phosphate in bulk and 
 the compounding of "different formulas of ammo- 
 nia, phosphoric acid and potasli for other manu- 
 facturers and manipulators of fertilizers seeking 
 jolibing trade. The company is backed by 
 ample capital, and is thoroughly equipped to 
 liaiidle .^atisfactoril)' the business it pursues. 
 
 S. W. Travers & Co. is a firm name nota- 
 ble in the fertilizer trade, not of Richmond 
 alone, but of the South. It is notable as that 
 of a house manufacturing on a large scale, and 
 enjoying a very large and steadily-increasing 
 trade. 
 
 It was established ten years ago. Mr. S. W. 
 Travers, the head of it, came here from Balti- 
 more, where he had been in the same line of 
 business. He had not been long a resident 
 before he began to be esteemed a real acquisi- 
 tion to the business community. He has been 
 esjiecially active in public affairs of a commercial 
 character. He has enlisted for the entertain- 
 ment of visiting bodies of distinguished stran- 
 gers, has contributed liberally himself, and can- 
 vassed for funds for that and other puljlic pur- 
 poses, and has been actively identified in the 
 work of the Chamber of Comjierce for the last 
 four yeai's. He has taken a prominent part in 
 the deliberations and the work of that body. 
 He has been chairman of its committee on In- 
 land Trade for three years, and has recently 
 been elected to the office of second vice-presi- 
 dent of the Cha.mber, as an officer of which 
 his portrait is one of those upon the frontispiece 
 of this work. He is prominent, Ijesides, as 
 secretary and treasurer of the Richmond Chem- 
 ical Works, and is president of tlie Young iNIen's 
 Cliristian Association. 
 
 The factory of this firm is at Twenty-second 
 and Dock streets. It has a capacity of 100 tons 
 daily, which is equal to 30,000 tons a year. 
 They manufacture a special fertilizer for each 
 of the following crops, namely : To) lacco, cotton, 
 corn, peanuts, wheat and vegetaliles. The lead- 
 ing brands of this firm are the "Capital," 
 "National," and " B. B. B.," well known to 
 dealers and agriculturists througliout the South 
 by reason of their merits. 
 
 Besides these manufactured fertilizers the 
 linn is an importer of "Orchilla" guano, a 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 189 
 
 natural fertilizer biought from the Orchilla 
 Islands, off the coast of Venezuela, to which 
 government the island belongs. Orcliilla guano 
 was first introduced in Maryland and Peinisyl- 
 vania, in which States it is in great favor, espe- 
 cially as a grower of clover and improver fif 
 poor land. It is used particularly for \\heat, 
 corn and grass culture. 
 
 The office of this firm is at loi'I East Cary 
 street. 
 
 J.\MES G. TixsLEY & Co. is a house which is 
 one of the largest representatives of the ferti- 
 lizer interests of the city. James (t. Tixsley, 
 the well-known packer of fruits and vegetables, 
 and IsA.\( Dave-VPORT, the banker and mer- 
 "" chant, are general partners in it. Its offices are 
 located at Xos. 1326 and 1328 Cary street, neai' 
 Virginia street. The factory is situated on a 
 high blutf overlooking tlie lower James, just 
 below the steamship docks. 
 
 A visit to this factory during shipjiing season 
 would impress even a casual observer with the 
 magnitude of Tinsley & Co.'s operations, for the 
 block of buildings which constitutes their works 
 resembles the machinery hall in some vast ex- 
 po.sition, so thick is it with heavy machinery 
 and so crowded with busy workmen. On one 
 side of the works are spacious wharves, where 
 vessels are always being unloaded, and on the 
 other is a large track yard, which is connected 
 with every railroad running out of Richmond 
 by means of special side tracks. An idea of the 
 size of the factory may be gleaned from tlie fact 
 that its capacity is upwards of 300 tons dady, 
 or about 800 cars a month. 
 
 The trade of this house extends all through 
 the South and West. In the early spring it 
 sends out, every afternoon, one or more train 
 loads of fertilizers to the Cotton States, in which 
 the names of its brands are as familiar as house- 
 hold words. In Georgia and South Carolina, 
 which are its "Banner States" for sales, thou- 
 sands of tons of its fertilizers are used annually, 
 and during the season the observant traveller 
 may see cars loaded with its guanos standing at 
 almost every little wayside station. Hardly 
 has the cotton been planted before the tobacco 
 season also begins and the guano cars are com- 
 mencing their journey to the rich tobacco belts of 
 Mrginia and Xorth Carolina. It is only in 
 mid-summer that the shipping department has 
 a brief respite, and then it is not idle long; for 
 with the first days of September the seeding of 
 early winter wheat begins, and train load after 
 train load of acid phosphate and dissolved bone. 
 
 consigned by thi.-^ house, goes out to tlie wheat- 
 raising counties of the A'irginias and Carolinas. 
 
 The following Tinsley brands are among those 
 best known and most largely used: "Stonewall 
 Guano" for cotton, "Stonewall Tobacco Ferti- 
 lizers," "Lee Brand Guano" (for all crops), 
 "Richmond Brand" fertilizer, "Tinsley's To- 
 bacco Fertilizer," "Tinsley's Plant-bed Ma- 
 nure," "Tinsley's Sweet Potato Fertilizer," 
 "Tinsley's Wheat and Grass Fertilizer," "Tins- 
 ley's Ammoniated Bone," "Stonewall Brand" 
 acid phosphate, "Tin.sley's Dissolved South 
 Carolina Bone," and pure ground animal raw 
 bone, bone and potash mixture. To farmers 
 every one of these names has a meaning, for 
 each lirand is recognized as a standard fertilizer 
 whose merit has Ijeen proven l)v trial in the 
 field. 
 
 The great secret of the success of Tinsley & 
 Co.'s business is the fact that they use only the 
 iwrest and most valuable of ingredients in com- 
 pounding their manures. The elements that 
 enter into the composition of their brands are 
 phosphoric rock lor bone) from the riverbeds 
 of South Carolina, pure raw animal bone, dried 
 blood and tankage, and kainit and sylvinit — 
 all of which are pure simples, rich in fertilizing 
 qualities. 
 
 It is liy careful attention to detail, scientific 
 manipulation of plant-feeding chemicals, and, 
 aljove all, business energy and integrity that 
 this concern has built up this grand business. 
 It is by such methorls that it is able to place 
 its wares wherever the plow of the Southern 
 farmer breaks the soil. 
 
 The Atlantic axd Virginia Fertilizixg Com- 
 pany has offices at 9, 10 and 11 Crenshaw Ware- 
 house, Richmond. The "Eureka" fertilizei-s, 
 manufactured by this company, are celebrated 
 tliroughont the Southern States, and many 
 farmers and truckers are indebted to them for 
 good and paying crops on not too fertile soil. 
 
 The testimonials of their beneficial qualities 
 are almost innumerable and the evidence of 
 their fraitful efiects multiplies with the years. 
 
 This business was established by Captain 
 William G. Crenshaw nearly a quarter of a cen- 
 tury ago and is now a chartered company under 
 the laws of Mrginia, with S. D. Crenshaw as 
 president, and W. H. Urquhart as secretai-y. 
 The factories of this company in this city and 
 Baltimore are thoroughly equipped, and are 
 among the largest in the country. 
 
 They manufacture their own materials from 
 home products and make the sulphuric acid 
 
190 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 used in the composition of their fertilizers from 
 tlieir own ])yrite mines in Louisa county. 
 
 Captain William C. Crenshaw, whoestablisheil 
 the business, was a prominent merchant and 
 coll'ee importer of Richmond for many years, 
 in the days when he, as well as other merchants 
 of that time, owned lines of vessels running to 
 and from Riclimond. During the late war he 
 also equii)ped and commanded the Crenshaw 
 Mattery, which was so well known in the Con- 
 federate service. 
 
 iHirinu; that time, and for fort}'-three years 
 continuously, he has also been a farmer on a 
 large scale in Orange county, this State. 
 
 He has been making the most exhaustive ex- 
 periments with fertilizers for years, and they 
 liave proved invaluable to the company in 
 which he is interested, in determining the best 
 materials for plant foods. 
 
 His "Hawfield" plantation has long been the 
 scene of this kind of experiment, and he has 
 fully satisfied himself that nothing pays so well 
 as the judicious use of good fertilizers with 
 proper cultivation. 
 
 The .\tlantic and Virginia Fertilizing Com- 
 pany manufactures a full line of fertilizers, em- 
 bracing all desirable grades (anah-sis of which 
 are published in all its circulars), thus giving 
 the farmer an opportunity to study and select 
 what best suits his land. Its business is large 
 and is a steadily growing one. 
 
 Allison & Addison, manufacturers of sul- 
 phuric acid and fertilizers, of this city, have 
 their works on the south side of the river below 
 ^lanchester, and opposite Richmond's suburl) of 
 Rocketts. These w'orks cover some four acres of 
 ground. In the buildings alone there are some 
 two acres of flooring. These buildings are 
 fitted up com]iletely with machinery, some of 
 it imported from Europe, and some of it spe- 
 cially manufactured for these w'orks. There is 
 fifteen feet of water at low tide at the landing 
 of tliese works, and vessels of 1,000 tons can 
 load there. 
 
 In these works from 50 to 75 hands are em- 
 liloyed according to the state of trade. The 
 output, with a capacity of a hundred tons a day 
 (about 15,000 tons a year) is $100,000 to §300,000 
 annually, the exact figures depending upon the 
 prices that may be prevailing for the time. 
 
 This is the oldest establishment of its line 
 here. It was founded in 1865. Four ]iartners 
 are interested in it: James W. Allison, E. B. 
 AnnisoN, W. H. Allison and John Addison. 
 These gentlemen are conspicious for the inter- 
 
192 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 ests tliey have here in hunks and financial insti- 
 tions of the city, and in nianufactuiinv; con- 
 cerns, hesides this, and other important pro- 
 jects. Their city olliccs are at l.'!l-'l' Cary street. 
 They have membership as a tirni in the Ciia.m- 
 
 BEK Ol" CoM.MEUCK. 
 
 C. W. T.\XXER & Co., wliolesale dealers in 
 paints and luliricatinj; oils at 1424 East JIain 
 street, are uiannfactureis also to a lartre extent. 
 They are proprietoi's of the Ati,.^ntk' V.ybsish 
 AVoRKS, at Twenty-eighth and Main streets, and 
 are principals in the "Ricinate" Fire-Prooting 
 Company, engaged in the manufactnre of a 
 superior fire extingnishing and preventive ma- 
 terial, which is in use here in the shai* "^ fi''*?" 
 
 C. W. TANNER, , 
 
 Of C. W. Tanner & Co., Oils. 
 
 proof paint, calcimine, etc., and has a considera- 
 ble sale throughout the Southern and Western 
 States. 
 
 The management of this business is in the 
 hands of Mr. C. W. T.wxer, the "Co." of the 
 firm name being nominal merely. He is a son 
 of Colonel AV. E. Tanner, who established the 
 Tanner and Delaney Engine Company here, 
 out of which has grown the great establishment 
 known as the Richmond Locomotive and Ma- 
 chine Works. Mr. Tanner is iiresident of the 
 Ricinate Company just mentioned, and of the 
 Jhinchester Oil and I'aint Companv of Man- 
 
 chester, across the river from here. He is largely 
 engaged in real estate operations hereabouts 
 also, and as a capitalist, is interested in various 
 profitable ventures of this city and its vicinity. 
 He is, of course, a member of the Ch.vmber op 
 Commerce. 
 
 The stock of oils, paints, etc., carried by this 
 house is of the value of, perhaps, §50,000. With 
 this to draw from, its six travelling men, tia- 
 versing the Virginias and Carohnas, Tennessee, 
 Georgia, Alabama, Florida and ^Maryland, sell 
 for it about S^.WjOOO worth a year. A particu- 
 lar specialty is made by the house of its own 
 "Railroad Cooling Compound," linseed oilsand 
 Ricinate materials. 
 
 This Ricinate Fire Proofing Co.mpanv has its 
 office with the firm of C. W. Tanner & Co. Its 
 factory is in the same building. It was incor- 
 porated in ISDl. It is capitalized at $7.3,000, 
 has been selling its products lai'gely, and finds 
 its business steadily increasing. C. W. Tanner 
 & Co. are its sales agents. C. W. Tanner is its 
 president ; J. Iredell Jenkins, vice-jiresident ; 
 W. E. Tanner, Jr. (C. W.'s brother), treasurer; 
 R. C. WoRTiiixGTON (who is with C. AV. 
 Tanner), secretary ; and Tikimas Poindexter, 
 manager. 
 
 The Richmond Mica Company, a corporation 
 of 8600,000 capital, engaged in mining mica in 
 the South, in the manufacturing from it, as 
 a specialty, its patent ".Eolus" lubricant, and 
 in the preparation of ground mica for the 
 manufacture of wall-paper and other decorative 
 purposes, by exclusive processes, also protected 
 by jiatents, has a factory and warehouse here 
 at 321 and 323 South Ninth street, and an office 
 at 1000 Main street. 
 
 This company's mines are in Amelia county, 
 of this State. It has three of them there, all 
 productive of firetclass mica, remarkable for 
 size and quality. It is extending operations by 
 sinking new shafts in this property frequenth-. 
 The lubricants manufiictured l)y it are used 
 for railroad, car, engine and machine lubrica- 
 tion of every description. For making ground 
 mica the comjiany is provided, as has been said, 
 with special machinery covered by patent. 
 
 Its output, with about 20 hands employed in 
 the factorj-, is 4,000 to .5,000 barrels a year. 
 This output is sold generally in the Northern 
 States and in Europe. 
 
 John L. Williams, bankerof the city, is jsresi- 
 dent of this company : Edward J. AVili.is, secre- 
 ary and treasurer ; J. G. Shelton, manager. 
 
 The directors are : IMessre. Williams, AA'illis 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 193 
 
 and Slu'ltoii, Lewis (Winter, of the great Allen & 
 Ginter Cigarette Company, R. A. Lancaster, of 
 Lancaster & Co., l>ankers. New York, William 
 H. Lucke, of Lancaster & Lucke, of this city, 
 Lucien B. Tatum, of the old Virginia Steam- 
 boat Company, Dr. Francis T. Willis, a local 
 capitalist, John Dnnlop, a prominent practicing 
 attorney, and J. S. Williams, of J. L. Williams 
 & Son, banker. 
 
 John Armitage, manufacturer of "two"' and 
 "three ply tarred ready-roofing" paper at 8216 
 Williamsburg avenue, has a place covering 
 about an acre there, with steam power and 
 machinery to facilitate manufacture. He has 
 stills at the city gas works near by, and there he 
 gets most of the tar he uses. He imports some, 
 however, and is at the same time an 
 exporter of the materials he makes. 
 He sells them throughout the L^nion 
 to the extent of about 120 tons annu- 
 ally, which is a business of about 
 $50,000 a year. He usually 
 carries on hand a $15,000 
 stock, and he has 15 or "20 
 hands enjployed. He is a 
 manufacturer also of sulphate 
 of ammonia, as well as build- 
 ing papers, and of roofing 
 paints, creosote oil, carbolic 
 acid, black varnish, etc. He 
 has l>een established for the 
 past seven years. He was in 
 the business formerly in Phila- 
 delphia. His sons, W. C. and 
 C. F., assist him in the man- 
 agement. His illustrated cata- 
 logue will be sent, post-paid, 
 to any address, on application. 
 
 P. J. Crew & Co., manufacturers of soaps and 
 renderers of tallow, do the principal business of 
 that line at Richmond, by virtue of long estab- 
 lishment, large resources and superior facilities 
 for it. Their business was established in 1804, 
 and was acquired from the original founder liy 
 Mr. P. J. Crew's father nearly sixty years ago. 
 Before the war it was a candle manufacturing 
 business ; that line was abandoned by Mr. 
 Crew long ago. 
 
 His works at 113 to 117 North Seventeenth 
 street, are known as the Dixie So.\p Works. He 
 has another plant at 1307 to 1315 North Seven- 
 teenth street, adapted entirely to the rendering 
 of greases. The Dixie products are the tine 
 l.inudry brands. " Dixir-," "Xew South." "Vic- 
 tor," and "Standanl," uliich aie tuld mainly 
 13 
 
 to the jobl)ers of Richmond. These works are 
 e(|uipped with seven soap kettles, two of which 
 have capacity of 50,000 pounds each. The tal- 
 low rendering liranch of the Ijusiness forms a 
 distinct department. Considerable of its output 
 is exported. In all probaVjility $50,000 of busi- 
 ness is done by these works a year. 
 
 The A. B. C. Chemical Companv, which is 
 engaged in the manufacture of proj^rietary 
 medicines at 10 North Fourteenth street, was 
 established two years ago by Dr. H. Froehlixc4, 
 the distinguished metallurgist and chemist of 
 this city; 'Mr. E. A. Barber, formerly auditor 
 of the Richmond and Iianville Railroad, and 
 now connected with the city collector's office ; 
 and Mr. George S. Vashon, of Vashon & Son, 
 
 JOHN ARMITAGE S TARRED ROOFING WORKS- 
 
 real estate agents. Mr. Barber is president of 
 the company ; Mr. Vashon secretary and treas- 
 urer; and Dr. Froehlini; superintendent of 
 manufacture for it. 
 
 The initials "A. B. C." in the title of the 
 company stand for American Bloud Cure. 
 
 The principal preparation put up by the co.u- 
 pany are these; "A. B. C. Alterative," "A. B. 
 C. Tonic," "A. B. C. Expectorant"; all three 
 made from South American plants, as yet un- 
 known in the materia medica. Its remedies 
 have already reached an extraordinaiy popu- 
 larity. They have been introduced into all 
 parts of Virginia and the Carolinas, and as their 
 fame spreads, the business of the company 
 grows. The alterative has especial virtue in 
 the cure of blood diseases, scrofula particularly ; 
 
1U4 
 
 THE, CITY ON THE .JAMES. 
 
 till" tdiiic iseliectivi' in coiisnni]iti<)n, broiicliitis, 
 catiin-li, otc. ; tlie oxpuctorant is Ibr fniij;lis and 
 
 (•<.1(1S. 
 
 IIkxhy KuDKiii.ixc, analytii'al and consnltiiig 
 clieniiiit and aspayer of Rii-lunoml, is a f^iadnate 
 (if the rniversity of (iottingen and a I'h. D. of 
 that institntion. He has liad a long experiont'e 
 as an cxpci't naturalist and scientist, employed 
 liy railroads, and other eorporations, ami not in 
 this eountry alone hut in 8outh Auierica, Mexico 
 and the West Indies ; and he lias an extende<l 
 reimtation as one of those who has contriliuted 
 most to the advancement of the South hv his 
 
 deposits of it in this State, and he is now taking 
 steps to organize a company for that ]iurpose. 
 He is chemist for the "A. B. C." t'hemical 
 Company of this city, and is a memlier of the 
 Chamber of Commkrce. His office and laliora- 
 tory are at 17 South Twelfth street. 
 
 The Meade & Ijakei; Carholic Mol'tii-Wasu 
 Company, located at the corner of Ash and 
 Main .streets, was incorporated in the spring of 
 lcS92, with an authorized capital of $100,000, 
 and the following officers: T. Roberts Baker, 
 jiresident ; C. V. E. Burgwyn, vice-president ; 
 H II IlAKKii, secretarv and treasurer, and these 
 
 MEADE & BAKER CARBOLIC MOUTH-WASH COMPANY'S LABORATORY. 
 
 disclosures of its unrivaled resources, and espe- 
 cially of those of the district for which Rich- 
 mond is the center and metropolis. He has 
 been engaged by the Chesajx-ake and Ohio and 
 Central Railroad of Georgia, the Mobile and 
 Ohio, and other systems, to examine for them 
 iron ores, mineral waters, etc. He has but lately 
 returned from New York State, where he was 
 giving the manufacture of Portland cement close 
 atttiiition for the purpose of developmg the native 
 
 gentle:iieii, with Xoiiiian V. Randolph and 
 William P. Poythress constitute the board of 
 directors. 
 
 The purpose of this company is to manufac- 
 ture IMeade & Baker's Carbolic Jlouth Wash 
 and Saponine Dentifrice. This mouth wash 
 was first pirejiared about sixteeen years ago by 
 Mr. T. Roberts Baker, who continued to put it 
 up and sell it until a national reputation was 
 secured for it. Unlike most other similar pre- 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 195 
 
 ]iarations on tlje market, whose claims to popu- 
 l;u'it\' and ]iatronag(> end with a pleasant taste, 
 it is an article of great therapeutic merit. It is 
 a reniedj', and an unfailing one, for the ordi- 
 nary diseases of the mouth, gums and throat. 
 It cures diptlieritic and other sore throats, and 
 it relieves and, by its great antiseptic proper- 
 ties, prevents bleeding, spongy and receding 
 •rums. It also arrests and prevents decay of the 
 teeth. These statements are an;ply attested by 
 the testimonials of prominent i-iti/ens. 
 
 I\Ir. T. RoiiERTs B.iKEE, who formulated this 
 valuable preparation, is a native of the city, 
 and lias been in the drug busine.ss here about 
 
 sale that he might be enabled to devote his 
 entire time and energies to the manufacture 
 of his "Carbolic jMouth-Wash," for it was 
 [ilain that the ti'ade in it was capable of great 
 extension. 
 
 For many years Mr. Baker has been an active 
 member of the American Pharmaceutical Asso- 
 ciation, and has been second and first vice-presi- 
 dent of it at different periods. He was the first 
 president of the Virginia Pharmaceutical Asso- 
 ciation and also the first president of the Vir- 
 ginia Board of Pharmacy In 1889 the Phila- 
 delphia College of Pharmacy (his aJnia [intitir] 
 confen-ed on him the degree of Mastenin Phar- 
 
 MILLS OF THE RICHMOND PAPER MANUFACTURING COMPANY 
 
 fifty years. At the time he originateil this 
 ])reparation lie W'as of the firm of JNIeade & Ba- 
 ker, and when that firm was dissolved, by mu- 
 tual consent, in 1880, in consequence of the fail- 
 ing health of Mr. Meade, who died in Septem- 
 ber of that year, Mr. Baker purchased ^Ir. 
 Meade's interest in the business, and continued 
 to conduct it under the firm name of T. Roberts 
 Baker, successor to Meade & Baker. In March, 
 1802, Mr. Baker sold out his drug business to 
 William P. Poythress, who, after having been 
 in his employ twenty-four years, continues the 
 business as his successor. ]\Ir. Baker made this 
 
 macy (Ph. M). Mr. C. P. E. Bnrgwyn is the 
 well-known civil engineer of this city; Mr. H. 
 B. Baker is the son of the president; ^lajor N. 
 ^'. Randolph is a jirominent manufacturer, 
 merchant and capitalist of Richmond, and Mr. 
 Poythress is one of the leading druggists of 
 the city. 
 
 PAPER AND PAPER PRODUCTS. 
 
 The RiinMoXD Paper JIanufacturing Com- 
 pany operates the .Ia.mes River Mills, situated 
 at Kighth and Arch streets here, and maintains 
 also a jobbing-house for the sale of its products, 
 
19(5 
 
 THE CITY ON TITE JAMES. 
 
 at 1315 Main street. It is notable not merely 
 for the business ilone by it, but for the liigh 
 (juality and widespread demand for its special- 
 ties, the "Climax" and "Star" blotting papers. 
 These sell in every State and Territory in the 
 Union, and are exported also to foreign parts. 
 
 The business of this company was established 
 in 18;>-}, and was continued successfully until 
 the war interrupted it ; and during that time, 
 even, the original mill was run on Confederate 
 bank-note i)aper. Upon the Evacuation of the 
 city it was destroyed, with all the business 
 (juarter, by the fire then set by the vanquished 
 Confederates, and its site w^as vacant until the 
 company was organized in 1872 to rebuild it. 
 As it is now operated, it affords a livelihood to 
 100 hands, and its output is something like 
 20,000 pounds of linished product a day. 
 
 E. D. Christian, a wealthy merchant of the 
 city, is president of the company ; his brother, 
 A. II. Christian, Jr., secretary and manager. 
 The company has a memberehip in the Ciia.m- 
 liER OF CoM.MERCB, and Mr. A. H. Christian is 
 one of its committee-men. 
 
 The N'luoixiA Tacek Comi'AXY was incorpo- 
 rated in this city in 1S81 with John H. Monta- 
 la-E as president, M. F. Montague secretary, 
 and the following board of directors : John H. 
 Montague, Lewis t^iinter, Percy Montague, Fred. 
 R. Scott, and M. F. IMontague. Their ample 
 capital and the acknowledged ability of all 
 conccrni'd in the management, jjresaged for the 
 company the great success which it has since 
 achieved. 
 
 They manufacture the celebrated "Virginia 
 Bi.otting" paper, which has a national reputa- 
 tion, and which is well and favorable known 
 to all first-class paper dealers and stationers 
 throughout the country. 
 
 r.csides this they carry, in their commodious 
 warehouse, by flir the largest and most varied 
 general assortment of papier in the South. This 
 enterprising concern can be relied on to supply 
 its customers with the best materials and at the 
 lowest market rates. 
 
 The Albemarle Pacer Manufacturing Com- 
 I'ANV, of Richmond, Va., is one of the largest 
 and most important manufacturing concerns of 
 the city. This company has a very large plant, 
 equipped with all the latest and most improved 
 machinery, and is well fixed for making the 
 high class product for which it has become 
 celebrated, and, we may add, very justly so. 
 
 This business is unique and peculiar in one 
 regard, which is, that the company produces 
 
 blotting paper alone, and i-eally makes and sells 
 more blotting paper than any mills in the world. 
 The capacity of its mills is enormous ; and yet 
 the company runs behind its business frei|uently, 
 so great is the demand for the high class blotting 
 produced in its mills. 
 
 Its mills are handsomely situated by the 
 side of the James and oi>posite Hollywood, 
 and have the advantage of the ample and never- 
 failing water-jiower of the canal. They have 
 a registered water-power capacity of 310 horse- 
 power which is supplemented by steam-power 
 to the extent of 80 horse-power. The buildings 
 are about 50 by 350 feet, with a large storage 
 wing, and four stories high in part. The 
 lower floor is devoted to the heavy machinery, 
 pumps, drainers, etc., and next are the manu- 
 facturing departments, and the stories above are 
 devoted to the handling and [ireparation of the 
 raw materials. 
 
 This company was organized in 1887 and com- 
 menced operations in 1888. It has a capital 
 employed of about $135,000. A large forces of 
 hands are engaged in its service, including many 
 who are skilled in the intricate art of paper 
 making. 
 
 Raw materials of a very high class can be ha<l 
 here at cheap prices, and the unusually good shiiJ- 
 ping facilities enable this company to compete 
 with any mills on earth. The product of these 
 mills goes all over this country, and they have 
 important and influential business connections 
 in all the principal cities. Their travelling men 
 are on the road constantly, and they have 
 a very large foreign trade, a great deal of their 
 blotting being shijiped to Canada, Australia, 
 and countries other than this. Richmond may 
 well be proud of this enterprise, which has 
 sprung so rapidly to the front and through its 
 excellent business management has been made 
 such an unequaled success. 
 
 The leading brand of Wotting made by this 
 company is the celelirated "World" blot- 
 ting, regarded by the trade at large as being 
 the best and purest sheet of blotting on the 
 market. It is, truly, an "electric" absorbent, 
 and has justly and quickly taken a stand at the 
 head of the list of high-grade blottings. The 
 company also makes, besides it, cheaper grades 
 of blotting paper. 
 
 The officers of this company are : Mr. J. F. 
 CiiALJiEn-s, president, and iMr. Charles M. Bos- 
 well, secretary, treasurerand manager, both na- 
 tive Virginians, and Mr. James Lishman, super- 
 intendent. The superintendent has had a long 
 experience as a blotting-paper manufiicturer in 
 
SECTIONAL VIEW IN ONE OF THE BEATING ENGINE ROOMS. 
 
 VIEW IN ONE OF THE MACHINE ROOMS. 
 
 ALBEMARLE PAPER MANUFACTURING COMPANY'S HOLLYWOOD MILLS. 
 HOME OF THE "WORLD" BLOTTING, (See page 196.) 
 
19S 
 
 THE CITY ON TTIP: JAMES. 
 
 the I'ostlip Mill!' m^ar Clu'ltonliiiin in England, 
 of whic'li liis father (under whose teachings he 
 became an expert in the manufacture of this' 
 peculiar class of paper) is now su|iorintendent. 
 On page 197 a bird's-eye view of this company's 
 
 WORKS OF THE RANDOLPH PAPER-BOX COMPANY. 
 
 mills can be seen, together with sectional views 
 of some of its manufacturing departments. 
 
 The well-appointed oflices of the company are 
 located at the mills, and Mr. Boswell and his 
 corps of book-keepers and clerks are kept busy 
 in taking orders and administering the com- 
 l)any's business. 
 
 The R.\Ni)Oi,Pii P.vpER Box Comi-any, of Rich- 
 mond, operates one of the largest mamifacturing 
 concerns of the city, and, in all probability, one 
 of the largest works of the kind in the I'uited 
 Slates. This <'ompany's factory is loi'ated at 
 1:512 to lots Franklin street. It covers there an 
 area of 1(10,000 square feet, and its dimensions 
 and facilities generally are indicated by the 
 fact that .")00 hands find employment in it, and 
 Ibat it produces 00,000,000 boxes of all kinds a 
 year. It has Sl'O0,000 capital invested in its 
 premises and their equipment, and in the stock, 
 etc., necessary txj cari-y on the business. It has 
 live men on the road, and sells evei-ywhere in 
 the United States, and, besides, has many cus- 
 tomers HI Me.vico and South America, to whom 
 sales are made liy it through In-okers resident 
 in those parts. It has its own jn-inting estab- 
 lishment to prepare labels, etc. All its opera- 
 tives are while, and they are treated with a 
 degree of consideration whicli was especially 
 remarked by Joaquin Miller (the famous lite- 
 rateur), in his account of the city written some 
 yeare ago. 
 
 This prodigious business is the growth of an 
 
 establishment made scarcely thirteen year's ago 
 by N. V. R.vxDoi.pn, with but two men and 
 four girls, and not a dozen customers, and it is 
 to the management of ^Ir. Randol|ih, who has 
 been at the head and front of the house from the 
 start, that its remarkable expansion is 
 entirely due. He has, indeed, displayed 
 great business ability. He has given his 
 establishment reputation, not merely for 
 the quantity but fortbequality of itswork. 
 He has exhibited its produce at State 
 fiiirs, and even at a Melbourne, Australia, 
 Kxposition some years ago. He has estab- 
 lished agencies in all the larger cities, and 
 has earned a name in the business com- 
 munity here as one of its most enterpris- 
 ing .spirits. He is identified with several 
 of the principal business concerns of the 
 city besides this, and with its charities 
 also ; he is president of the Virginia State 
 Insurance Company; president of the Con- 
 federate Soldiers' Home ; a director of the 
 Cn.i.MiiER OF Co\fMERCE, and chairman of 
 its committee on Business Enterprises. 
 
 Ave. PoHLio, box manufacturer, of ("i South 
 Tenth street, has been following that hue here 
 
 AUGUST POHLIG, 
 Paper-Box Manufacturer, 
 
 since 180.5. He has a place of two floors, fitted 
 up with machinery of capacity to produce about 
 
THE CnTY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 199 
 
 2,000,000 boxes a year, winch is u businctefe of 
 about $l'o,000 in that time, ^lii^ six'rialty is 
 bo.xes for the tobacco trade. 1 le supplies largely 
 the city manufacturers, but is also a shipper to 
 other parts. lie has about 20 hands employed. 
 He has been resident in Richmond for the 
 last thirtj'-four years, and is noted in his line of 
 business as one of the largest established in it 
 here, and for the quality rather than quantity 
 of his jiroducts. 
 
 PRINTERS, I-riJI,ISHKR.S AND KXGKAVERS. 
 
 A. HoEN & Co., are the only lithograjihers 
 and power-press printers of Richmond, Va. 
 
 After the war the lithograiihic Inisiness in 
 Richmond, in common with 
 many other industries, lan- 
 guished and fell off, until the ..-~ 
 last of four formerly flourish- 
 ing concerns failed in 1S77. 
 A. Hoen t*c Co. purchased the 
 plant of this concern and ad- 
 iled all the necessary machin- 
 ery and capital, and, what 
 was of as vital imiiortani-e as 
 cither, an intimate knowl- 
 edge of the busine.ss and a 
 determination to build up a 
 house that would reflect 
 credit on Richmond as a city 
 anil Vii'ginia as a State. 
 
 .\ltliougb they began in a 
 very small way, they have 
 grown prodigiously since. I n 
 1877 the lithographic plant ol 
 .\. Iloen & Co. consisted ol 
 one litho-power press, four 
 tons of lithographic stone and 
 nine employes. .\t this time 
 they occupy a building on 
 Bank street, with a frontage 
 of TOO feet, a depth of (SO and 
 a height of five .stories with cellar; in all takmg 
 up 30,000 square feet of space. The cut accompa- 
 nying this matter is a fair reiiresentation of their 
 building, without donljt the finest factory in the 
 city. In it, instead of one small power press, 
 ten mammoth modern machines are in daily 
 operation, and the four tons of stone in 1S77 have 
 served as a liase on which has been reared a 
 monument to the ability and business qualifica- 
 tions of A. Iloen & Co., who require to-day 
 170 ton.s of stone to supply the wants of their 
 increasing trade. 
 
 /S'((.i(( /(j</»»»/»r ("The Rocks shall Speak "i is 
 the motto of their craft. Witli this ever before 
 
 t-heuj, A. Hoen i Co. are to-day sending their 
 productions to even' city and town south of the 
 Potomac, clear to the Gulf. Their name has 
 become a household word, wherever artistic 
 work is seen, from the delicate cnrh' di- rialte 
 of the lady, to the railroad bond of the solid 
 financier, and from the plain toliacco and cotton 
 label to the artistic chronio that adorns the 
 parlor or drawing-room wall. 
 
 Realizing from the begining, the native artistic 
 sense of the Southern people, they employed 
 only artists to the manner-born, and where, in 
 1S77, they had nine employes, they now have 
 gathered arouml them nearly 100. all artistsof the 
 first rank in their special lines. Combining, as 
 
 HOEN & CO s Richmond lithographing establishment 
 
 they do in all their work, the beautiful with the 
 practical, never allowing the artistic to suffer 
 for pecuniary considerations, and endeavor- 
 ing always to make a hajjpy blending of senti- 
 ment with utility, is it a wonder that their 
 establishment has grown from small proportions 
 until to-<lay it stands as one of Richmond's live 
 industries, an ornament to the city and a credit 
 to its foundera? :Messrs. A. Hoen & Co. ex- 
 fenil a cordial invitation to all strangers to visit 
 their 'establishment, assuring them that an hour 
 will not only be pleasantly but profitably spent 
 in watching the various processes through which 
 a lithograph is evolved. 
 
200 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 A iioi-trait of the liead of this house will he 
 fouuil in anothei- place— the Supiileinentarv 
 Chapter ofthis work. 
 
 Andrews, Hai'tist & Marqukss, |)riiiters, 
 biiulers and engravers, at 1009 ICast Main street, 
 are the printers of this book. Tliey make a 
 specialty of fine work, and have reputation here 
 as tlie most artistic printers of the city, espc- 
 
 Tlie members of this firm are men of long and 
 v:irii-.l exiicricnce in the business. Mr. Lewis 
 H. AxDitEws is one of tlie oldest masters of the 
 art pi-eservative here. He learned his trade 
 in Macon, Ga., served in the Southern army 
 during the entire war, came to Virginia in ISGS, 
 and commenced business in Richmond in IS.SO. 
 Mr. Frank Baptist has had extensive experi- 
 ence in the trade. During the war he was 
 
 THE FIRM OF ANDREWS, BAPTIST & MARQUESS, 
 Printers of this work. 
 
 cially in the line of job printing and tine book 
 work. The products of tliis house, in fact, have 
 done much to educate the public taste here and 
 to create a demand for high-class printing. They 
 have the full c:omj5lement of machinery requisite 
 for this branch of trade, run by electric-iwwer, 
 and are conveniently located immediately oiijio- 
 site tlie Post Ollice. 
 
 steel-plate pressman for the Confederate Bureau 
 of Printing and Engraving. Mr. Ernest B. 
 MAR<iUESs was for many years in the printing 
 business on his own account before he came into 
 this firm. Messrs. Andrews and Baptist were 
 formerly of the well-known house of Andrews, 
 P.aptist & Clemmitt. 
 Mr. Andrews gives the business general super- 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 201 
 
 vision, Mr. Baptist has cbavfre of the press-room, 
 and Mr. ilanjiR'SS iliivi-ls thi' liii;m,ial ad'airs 
 of the concern. 
 
 Tlie distinguishing feature of this house is 
 tlie origiriaUty of its designs and the novel and 
 taking idtas which characterize its proihictions. 
 The firm prides itself especially on the exiiedi- 
 tious manner in which it executes huri-ied work, 
 and patrons place their orders here with the 
 a.ssurance that they will be filled at or before 
 the time specified. 
 
 .1. W. FniKii'ssoN tt Son, publishers and joli 
 and label printersof 4, (iandS North Fourteenth 
 street (near the Exchange Hotel), occupy a 
 three-story place there wliich, as a house stand- 
 ing alone, is lighted from all .'^ides. The ground 
 floor is occupied as a press-room, the second 
 floor as composing-room, and third as bindery 
 and label department. The press-room is well 
 equipped with cylinder presses and four jobbers 
 run by an IS horse-power engine, and in its 
 mechanical dei)artnient the house has all the 
 lastest type and improvements. 
 
 The business of this house is, in large part, 
 the printing of tobacco labels and tags. It has 
 trade not merely in tlie city but througlKjut 
 tlie Virginias and North Carolina, and also in 
 Tennessee. It has 30 hands employed, and does 
 a business of about $50,000 a year. It is an old 
 
 ;'||||p ■ 
 
 J. W. FERGUSSON & SON'S PRINTING HOUSE 
 
 house and a solid one. It was established in 
 18.54 by the senior member of the firm (.1. \V. 
 Ferchsson) and a partner; and this original 
 firm were owners and printers of the Sun/In rn 
 l.i/ti-'ii-ii Mi'sxcnr/rr. Mr. ,T. W. Fergusson has 
 been Graiul Treasurer of the Grand Lodge of 
 Odd Fellows of the State of Virginia for the 
 last thirty-six years. He is a man held in high 
 
 esteem here socially as well as in a bnsincss way. 
 Ilis son, Jlr. E. II. FLiKiCsso.v, was brought up 
 to the business under his father, and has been a 
 partner since 1S70. lie manages the house to a 
 very great extent. 
 
 Ware & Duke, book and job ])ri liters, are 
 located at 1208 East Main street, in the center 
 of the business portion of the city, and they 
 conduct one of the best-equiiiped offices in this 
 
 INTERIOR OF WARE & DUKE'S PRINTING HOUSE, 
 
 line of liusiness. Their plant is a complemint 
 of the most improved machinery, embracing a 
 cylinder and five other presses, cutting knife, 
 etc., operated by electric power. In their coiii- 
 ])0sing room they have a large and comjilete 
 assortment of the most modern faces "f news 
 and job type, which is regularly replenished, 
 and in all their departments the)- employ none 
 but the most skilled workmen. 
 
 The firm is composed of Heuiiert W. Ware 
 ;uid W.vi.TEi! G. Dike, both of whom are young 
 men and practical printers. They served regu- 
 hirly an aiipreuticcshi]) at the trade, and, start- 
 ing for themselves about five years ago, have, 
 by close attention to business and intelligent 
 enterprise, established a large and growing 
 business in the city and its vicinity. Tlieir 
 motto, "Neatness, Accuracy and Promptness," 
 is borne m mind in every job turned out. They 
 do a general line of commercial job iirinting and 
 book and pamphlet work, and make a specialty 
 of legal work, such as lawyers' briefs, <'ourt rec- 
 ords and blanks, etc. 
 
 .Iames E. Goode, publisher and printer, of 
 828 East Main street, succeeded his grandfather, 
 John Warrock, in 18.58, in a business which was 
 founded in the early jiart of the present century. 
 
202 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 He is of an old \irguiui family, members cit' 
 wliicli wore iironiiiicnl in tlie Ri'volutiotiiiry 
 <iays, and is of 8cotcli and Enfrlisli extraction. 
 Ho served the fireater part of his ai>iirentice.sliii) 
 in tlieollii-e of William K. liitclue, pnblic printer, 
 anil at the death of his <;ran(lfathcr snccecded 
 to this bnsine.is. He still publishes the " W.\u- 
 itocK-KiciiAUDsov .-Vlmanac," founded in lSl,")by 
 Ills grandfather, ami lias enlariied this pnblica- 
 
 Wiirri'ET & SnEprEitsoN, printers, are located 
 at llie corner of Tenth and Main streets, in the 
 Presbyterian Committee of Publication's build- 
 ing. In tlie basement of this building, which is 
 b50 by 2.'> feet in area, are their presses, job 
 and binding dei)artments and oflice.s, and on 
 one of the upper floore is their type-setting 
 deyiartment, for book work, with conveniences 
 for proof-reading, etc. 
 
 MEMBERS OF THE FIRM Or WHITTET ic SHEPPERSON PRINTERS. 
 
 tion by the addition of nnich useful information. 
 He runs his (ilace with steam-power, and does 
 nnich of the State jirinting. He has been 
 .steadily engaged in this hue ever since he began 
 except during his short war-service as a member 
 of the Richmond l.igbt Infantry Klues, C. S. A., 
 from which he was ilischarged by order of the 
 Confederate Secretary of War by reason of his 
 election as printer to the Senate of \'irginia. 
 
 Their presses and folding machinery, (laper 
 cutters, etc., are of the most improved and ex- 
 pensive piattern, while tlie type, in both book 
 and job departments, is of the newest faces, and 
 is being added to as frequently as a jirojier regard 
 for jirogress demands. 
 
 Many of the most important works published 
 in Virginia during the last quarter century have 
 come from the presses of this firm, and with 
 
THE CITY ON THh] JAMES. 
 
 203 
 
 regularly-increased facilities, no printing house 
 in the South is better fitted to j)rodnce work of 
 high-class chai-aoter. Tliey do not hesitate to 
 state that they do not solicit extremely cheap 
 jobs which in printina:, as in everything else, 
 ran only mean a low (|uality ; but, enduring no 
 careless workmanship and using only good 
 material, they endeavor to maintain a reputa- 
 tion for accurate and superioi' mamifactnre ; and 
 as for the item of expense, all four jDartners, 
 actively engaged in the several departments, 
 keep a special watch for economy. In a word, 
 they produce the very best work, at tlii' very 
 lowest rates. 
 
 Their joti department, especially, has lately 
 been greatly impi'oved by the addition of the 
 newest designs in type, new presses, etc., wbicli 
 betterment, as a step toward true economy, will 
 enable them to produce the best work, at the 
 lowest rates, in this class of printing. 
 
 The menibere of the firm (shown in a portrait 
 group on ])age 202) are Jlr. Robert WEirrrET 
 and liis two sons, .T.vmes and Kodeht, Scotchmen 
 by liirth, but Virginians of twenty-three years' 
 residence ; and Mr. George W. Sueci-ersox, 
 Z' who has been connected with the works since 
 their oi-igin, at the close of the war. 
 
 The B.irouM.iX Stationerv Oimcaw, i>i'int- 
 ers and blank-book makers, of 1l'(I."i luist Main 
 street and 709 South Twelfth street, is a corpo- 
 ration organized in 1891, as successor to Haugh- 
 man Brothei's. ])rinters and stationers, cstali- 
 ,lislied in bSIU. This <-om|)any has S100,000 
 r capital stock, eiglity liands employed, four men 
 on the road in the Virginias and Carolinas, 
 < ieorgia and Florida, Alabama and ^lississippi, 
 and an annual business of $200,000. 
 
 Till- Main-street place of this company is its 
 store and office department; its Twelfth-street 
 place, its ]>rinting house. The latter is equijipeil 
 with all the most recently-devised machinery 
 anil the latest fashions in tyjie known to the 
 busines.s. It has, among other facilities, its own 
 engraving, lilank-book manufactui'ing and bind- 
 ing departments. There are fourteen pres-es 
 in the eslaldishment, run chieHy on mercantile 
 and railroad work, which are the sjiecialties of 
 the house. It is, in fact, one of the largest con- 
 cerns engaged in that line South of Philadel- 
 phia. It has the patronage of the princijial 
 transportation lines of the South and Atlantic 
 Coast States. 
 
 The principals in this compau)' are (i. II., 
 E. A. and C. C. BArr.HM.\N, and Wim.h.m E. 
 TiuxEK. The Messre. Banghman are brothers. 
 
 They established the business originally as a 
 stationery house solely. About eighteen years 
 ago they embarked in printing, and subse- 
 (juently upbuilt the business to which the com- 
 pany has lately become suc<'essor. 
 
 !Mr. G. H. B.\iGHM.\N' is president of the com- 
 pany, and gives his attention to the general 
 su])ervision of the business ; Mr. E. A. Baugh- 
 jiAx is vice-president, and has charge of the 
 purchases and sales of the house ; Mr. C. C. 
 I'>AiTGHMAN manages the manufacturing depart- 
 ments; Mr. W. E. Turner, the treasurer, has 
 charge of the finances and directs atliiirs in the 
 office of tlie companj'. The comjiany has mem- 
 bership in the Ciiamhei! of Commerce. 
 
 Patrick Keexan, printer and publisher, of 
 1201 Main street, first came to Virginia with 
 tlie Federal army, and liked the climate so well 
 that he settled in the city of Petersburg upon 
 the restoration of peace. He took up a perma- 
 nent residence here in 1869, and was at first for 
 some years in the tobacco business, Imt finally 
 opened up in business as a printer, which bad 
 lieen liis original trade. He has a reputation 
 here for his sujierior work. His sjiecialties are 
 liook and job work. 
 
 The HaskerA Marccse MAXiiFArrrRiNii Co., 
 of Richmond, notable for its iiroduction of tin 
 and paper tobacco tags, have lately moved into 
 their new quarters, 2401 to 2409 Venable street, 
 a building just completed by them, which is 107 
 feet front, with an " F/' running liack to Burton 
 street ]2."i by 40 feet and four stories high, and 
 additional builiiiiigs for lioiler-bousc, forging- 
 sbo]>and store-rooms, making it one of the most 
 comjilete manufacturing establishments of the 
 sort in any city. 
 
 The Imsine.ss of inanufacturing jiaper tags, 
 labels and show cards was first commenced by 
 Mr. C. H. Hasker some fourteen years ago on a 
 very small scale. It made rajiid jirogress, how- 
 ever, in a building erected by him at No. 810 
 North Twenty- fourth street. In 1885 he began 
 manufacturing tin tags for plug tobacco and im- 
 pression plates for embossing plug tobacco. In 
 March, 1891, Messrs. ^Marcuse and 'sons became 
 partners with Mr. Hasker. I'nder this new 
 management the oufiiut of the concern largely 
 increased, and on Octolier :!0, 1891, they incor- 
 porated as a stock company, with a paid-up 
 capital of .$100,000, and added the manufacture 
 of plain and decorated tin boxes and tin signs to 
 their former business. 
 
 The directors of this company, Messrs. INIoses 
 
204 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 Milliliter, Charles E. Wliillock, James- X. -Coy«l, 
 I'",. Kaab, B. 1'. Smith, Samuel Freedley, K. H. 
 llasker and Mr. J. Mareiise and his sons, A. .1., 
 I. ,1,, M. K. and j\l. M. Mareuse, are rated 
 amiini; the most enterprising l)usiness men and 
 (■apitalists of this eity. 
 
 This comijany has in its employ abont 175 
 liersons, all white, and in the near future will, 
 <lonbtless, double this force. Among these em- 
 ployes are a number of female hel]) and also 
 some of the l)est skilled me<-hanies and artists 
 in the United States — designers, lithographers, 
 
 r.. V. Jun.ssoN & Co., publishers of subscrip- 
 tion books, at 2()00 Main street, do the largest 
 business of that sort in the South, and one of 
 the largest in this country. They have an 
 office foi'ce of foi'ty and an army of agents and 
 solicitors and salesmen throughout this country, 
 Canada, Australia, Mexico, and South and Cen- 
 tral America, numbering .'5,000. They usually 
 carry a stock of $;!0,000 to $40,000 in value. 
 
 Mr. B. F. JoiiNsox, the head of this house, 
 began in the business in 1S7(>, and to his enter- 
 prise the extraordinary growth the house has 
 
 %% 
 
 C 'rt H 
 
 ii. ^ i 
 
 >■ I 
 
 Ifli 
 
 . ._, rs U BSC R 1 PTI^;600K PUBCls"r#, ^^1 
 I MANLIFACTURERS AND rrtiPORTFRSi 1 
 
 "fl 
 
 B F JOHNSON & CO.. PUBLISHERS, 
 
 engravers on stone, wood and steel, and die and 
 tool makers, etc. The laiildings have the latest 
 imi>roved machinery in them, and some of the 
 hest work and most attractive designs produced 
 in the United States for tui boxes an<l tags 
 are executed here ; also some of the lai-gest 
 and haTidsomest signs that are made. Very 
 attractive work is done also in the paiier 
 dei)artnient of the establishment. 
 
 The trade of tliis liouse extends North, East, 
 South and West; this in addition to a large local 
 husine.ss, for it enjoys tlie supi)ort of almost the 
 entire home trade. 
 
 experienced is entirely due. lie has made .'■ome 
 remai-kable successes, from a business stand- 
 point. He published, for instance, "Christ in 
 the Camp," by Dr. .1. William .Tones ; the 
 "Pathway of Life," by T. DeWitt Talmage; 
 and the "Davis Memorial Volume" ; and has 
 sold to the trade .500,000 copies of them. He 
 has also .sold of the following, "Prolitable 
 Farming in the Southern States," the "Beautiful 
 Tree of Life," the "Beautiful Story" and "Our 
 Father's House" fully (100,000. 
 
 He is a very live man, is ick'ntified with 
 church work, and is a director of the Ch.\.mbkk. 
 
THE CITY ON TilE JAMES. 
 
 205 
 
 W 
 
 The Southern' Encravinx; & Stamp Company, 
 of Richmond, is establisl led at 1'207 East Main 
 street, in the building shown on tliis page. It 
 is a eonsoHdation of tlie nibber-.stamp depart- 
 ment of tlie Soutliern Rnhber Company and 
 the business of the 
 Pilsworth Engraving 
 Comjiany, with in- 
 creased ca])ital and 
 enlarged facilities 
 for business in botli 
 lilies. It tills a field 
 which has been a 
 void for some time 
 here, by furnishing 
 printers plates and 
 engravings of all 
 kinds, equal in (jual- 
 ity to any done in 
 the land. A num- 
 ber of the illustra- 
 tions in this work 
 They sjicak for them- 
 
 
 SOUTHERN 
 ENGRAVING AND STAMP CO 
 
 HENRY BOHMER, 
 V. P. and Treas. Southern Eng. Co. 
 
 were turned out by it. 
 selves. 
 
 The work of the South.ern 
 Stamp Company is 
 very generally 
 praised, in fact, 
 and has the en- 
 dorsement of the 
 local press, its pa- 
 trons. It makes a 
 specialty of A 1 il- 
 lustrations — good, 
 clear, sharp and 
 deep cuts — with 
 promptness and at 
 low prices. It has 
 a large plant also for the ma. ufacture of rub- 
 ber stamps and of all kinds of brands and seal 
 presses. There are in all seven departments in 
 the establishment, 
 jiroducing photo- 
 wood, half-tone 
 and map-engraving 
 work ; commeri'ial, 
 coloi' and cut print- 
 ing ; electrotypes, 
 and tobacco ami 
 other trade sten- 
 cils and stamps. 
 
 Mr. William T. 
 JIosELEY is jiresi- 
 dent of the com- 
 pany ; Mr. Henry Boh.mer, vice-president and 
 treasurer; and Mv. Samuel S. Rosendork, secre- 
 
 .^■' 
 
 I 
 
 .^ 
 
 / i 
 
 \$^ 
 
 SAM'L S. ROSENDORF, 
 Secy and Manager So. Eng. Co. 
 
 WM. T, MOSELEY, 
 Prest. Southern Engraving Co. 
 
 tary and manager. Their portraits (made liy 
 the half-tone process, in the company's own 
 estabishment, we 
 need hardly re- 
 mark) are on this 
 page. 
 
 Mr. Rosendorf 
 gives his personal 
 attentiiin to affairs 
 in all the depart- 
 ments of the com- 
 pany's busine-ss. 
 
 Under his expert 
 direction it steadi- 
 ly grows. 
 
 C. Bellenot, stamp cutter, engraver and die 
 sinker of 4 South Fourteenth street, de.=erves 
 special mention among the long-established 
 and well-known business houses of this city. 
 The business of this concern was founded by 
 Mr. Bellenot in 1866, and since his death, six 
 years ago, has been successfully continued by 
 F. Bellenot and his two sons. Tliey employ 
 only the most skilled workmen, and their work 
 has the highest reputation for accuracy and 
 finish. They turn out stencils and brands of 
 every description, steel and burning stamps, 
 society and corporation seals, checks, etc. 
 
 They are also importers of rare singing birds 
 from Germany and England, ami deal, as well, 
 in domestic birds. They conduct the chief 
 business of this kind here, and in it enjoy a 
 remunerative trade. 
 
 Jenkins & Walthall, book-binders, blank- 
 book manufacturers, printers and publishers, of 
 11 North Twelfth street, have a first-class estab- 
 lishment, and turn out "A 1" work. They 
 have been established since 1S82, and have been 
 successfiil enough to acquire interests in other en- 
 terprises here besides their bindery, among these 
 an interest in the J. L. Hill Printino and Pub- 
 lishing Co.MPANV — a house engaged in the same 
 hue as their own. They are stockholders and 
 otticers in it. Mr. .Tenkins is a director of it, 
 and Mr. Walthall is also connected with its 
 management. 
 
 As book-binders ami blank-book manuftic- 
 turers tliemselves, they emjiloy a considerable 
 force of skilled hands, and hold themselves 
 competent for the execution of any work in 
 their line, from a mere pamphlet to the finest 
 ledger made for commercial purjioses. They 
 do a first-rate business also in ribbon liadges, 
 stamped in gold or colors, for societies, etc., and 
 this is one of their specialties. They have a 
 
2U6 
 
 THE CITY UN THE JAMES. 
 
 very foinpU'te (.'i|ui|imciil nml a convenient and 
 si)aL'ious place of bnsiness. 
 
 Mr. Jenkins is a native of l*'reilericUsliurL' 
 
 L H. JENKINS, 
 Of Jenkins & Walthall, Bcok-Binders. 
 
 Va. He lirsl came here dnring tlie war. Abonl 
 tliis tiinr lie lic<;an liis business career with 
 
 Randolpli & EngUsh, booksellers and |inblisli- 
 ers of this city, with whom he was for thirteen 
 years. He afterward forme<l a copartnershi]) 
 with Yancey & Waddey, jn-inters, stationers and 
 binders, under the firm name of L. H- .lenkins 
 it Co., and later embarked, as we have said, in 
 business with Mr. Walthall. 
 
 Mr. Walthall is a native of Kichii] 1. He 
 
 was with Woodhouse c<: Parham, Ijooksellers 
 and printers, for nineteen yeai.s and was their 
 foreman for twelve. He is prominent as a 
 Kniirht Templar and Mason of high degree, 
 and for his social as well as business standing. 
 
 E. T. WALTHALL, 
 Of Jenkins & Walthall, Book. Binders. 
 
 S, B. ADKINS, Book-Binder. 
 
 S. B. Adkins, book-liinder and blank liook 
 manufacturer of 4 (iovernor street, entered upon 
 his present business as a boy in IST.j, with the v 
 old firm of Woodhouse & Parham. He was 
 subseijuently witli another leading house here 
 before he started on his own account in 1888. 
 He is a young man of ex{)erience and energy, and 
 he has one of the Ijest binderies here. Its capa- 
 city is equal to fifty octavo volumes of 1,000 
 folios per day. He has a lai'ge country as well 
 as city trade. He is especially well ec|uii)])ed 
 for the manufacture of l>lank books, to order, 
 for banks, state, county and city othcials, which 
 work he makes a siiecialty, and he gives i)rompt 
 attention to jjrinting orders. 
 
 His portrait accompanies this sketch of his 
 business. 
 
THE CITY UN THE JAMES. 
 
 207 
 
 LEATHER AND LEATHER I'ltoDHTS. 
 
 T. A. Jacob, dealer in liiik-s and leiither, 
 oils, shoe findings, etc., and tanner also, at 
 l-"v.'() and 1.V22 Carv street and 17 Thirteenth 
 
 My. 
 
 H 
 
 
 H' 
 
 
 V 
 
 f^m 
 
 .i 
 
 
 \ 
 
 
 ■^ 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 T. A. JACOB. 
 Hides and Leather, 
 
 street, is successor to an old and .solid house in 
 which he himself was for many years a i)art- 
 ner — the house of B. D. Chalkley & Jacoh, suc- 
 cessors toO. H. Chalkley, established in lH4(i, and 
 known through the business done by it pretty 
 much everywdiere in the South Atlantic States. 
 Mr. Jacob is a native here, and was originally 
 raised to the tobacco business with T. C. Wil- 
 liams cfe Co. He abandone<l that line for the 
 one he is in now long ago, however, and upon 
 Mr. B. D. Chalkley's retirement from the busi- 
 ness succeeded him in it. 
 
 He owns his place of business and its site on 
 Cary street, and maintains there a hide ware- 
 house and a steam tannery. His Thirteenth- 
 street place is an office and sales-rooiiL He has 
 about -.3 hands employed, including travelling 
 men, who traverse for tield (buying hides and 
 selling goods for him) Virginia, the Carolinas 
 and Georgia chiefly. He carries usually a $20,- 
 000 stock of leather and flndings, and his sales 
 from tlie store will aggregate perhaps $100,000 a 
 year. The output of the tannery is mostly har- 
 ness leather, and is valued at $70,000 or more a 
 year, or $170,000 of annual business. 
 
 The tannery has a steam equijunent. It is 
 
 provided with .'10 vats and 10 limes, and has a 
 capacity of 20,000 sides per annum. The old- 
 fashioned j)rocesses are still pursued in it, as- 
 suring the traile a far better article than t)y 
 the new-fangled but incomjilete and superficial 
 methods iu vogue in some parts of the country. 
 
 .1. C. DicKEiisoN, saddle and harness manu- 
 facturer of 1.512 East Franklin street, occui)ie.s a 
 stand there which has been his for thirty years. 
 It is 20 by 100 feet and two stories high. He 
 employs in it about ten hands on custom work 
 almost entirely. He has patrons in all parts of 
 the State and in North Carolina, and he does 
 a large amount of rejiairing for the wealthier 
 residents of the city. He carries in stock fine 
 hand-made harness, saddles and horse furnish- 
 ings of all kinds. He does nothing, in fact, but 
 hand-work, and has no machinery in his place. 
 His leather is specially nianiifactureil fi>r liim 
 in the North. 
 
 Mr. Hickerson is of an old N'irginia family, 
 and has been a resident here always. He has 
 .spent his life in his inirsuit. He is a prominent 
 man in municipal att'airs. He has been a mem- 
 ber of the Citv Conni'il for sixteen consei-ntive 
 
 J. C. DICKERSON, 
 Harness Manufacturer. 
 
 years, and has Ijccn ))resident of the lioard ol 
 Aldermen of the city for six years. 
 
 He has a branch house also at lt)07 
 street, in charge of J. D. Reynolds as 
 
 Franklin 
 inana;;(.r. 
 
208 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 (_;. T. GitANGKK& Son, maimfarturer.s of har- 
 ness and saililles al 720 East, Cary sti-eet, make 
 a specialty of the very best hand-work pro- 
 duecd. Mr. (iranger is an "A 1 " workman, and 
 his son, C. W. Granger, mastered the business 
 under his eye. Mr. (iranger, senior, served his 
 time under Daniel Perkinson, harness maker of 
 Petersburg, and came here befoie the war. He 
 does no slop work whatever, and his custom 
 goods are known tliroughout tlie State as first- 
 class in every jiarticnlar. Hi.s customers are, as 
 a rule, the leading people of the city, and the ex- 
 cellence of his work guarantees a continuance of 
 his patronage. His success in the business is 
 illustrative of the adage "Merit will tell." 
 
 W. 11. Dean & Co., manufacturers of harness 
 and saddlei-y at 17 North Eighteenth street, 
 make very tine hand-made goods. They ex- 
 hibiti'd some of it at the last State Fair held 
 
 W. E DREW & CD'S SHOE FACTORY 
 
 here and received many orders thereby. Their 
 customers are mostly resident in this city and 
 the country surrounding it. 
 
 They liave been established now going on two 
 years. Mr. Pean was formerly with .T. C. Dick- 
 erson, a prominent man in the business. His 
 partner is Mr. .Ia.mes ^McDoxough, the under- 
 taker, stableman and carriage manufacturer, 
 who, however, is not actively identified w'ith 
 the management. His interest is a silent one. 
 
 (i. A. GooDE, harness maker, of 1715 East 
 Main street, lietween Seventeenth and Eigh- 
 teenth, served his time here to the trade he 
 follows with ,1. H. Dickerson & Brother, and 
 lias been established on his own account since 
 1870. His reputation is based on the tine hand- 
 made work he iiroduces, i hietly light work and 
 coach harness. 
 
 Stockmar & Heixlein, manufacturers of and 
 dealers in harness and saddles, etc., of 27 West 
 Broad street, are succes.sors to Heinlein & Fink, 
 established five years ago. They were \\ ith .1. 
 C. Dickerson, a leading manufacturer of this line 
 here for many years, and are both expert liar- 
 ness makers. They also do consideralile repair- 
 ing. They handle a stock of harness, saddles 
 and horse furnishings of considerable variety 
 and the best quality. Their principal business 
 is, however, custom work. 
 
 L. C. Fu:v,, saddler and harness maker of b"ilO 
 F^ast Franklin street, has followed that business 
 for tile last forty two years, on the same street 
 for thirty-five years, and on his own account 
 for twenty-one. He served his a])])rentice- 
 shi]> witli S. C. Cottrell, and then was with 
 Balilwin, collar maker, for several years. He 
 has a great reinitation throughout this State and 
 - North Carolina for his fine hand- made 
 
 work, coach and heavy draft liarness 
 especially. These he makes largely to 
 order. 
 
 He is a native of the city. Daring the 
 w ar lie was foreman of the Confederacy's 
 harness and saddlery deiiartment, and he 
 also held a commission as a lieutenant of 
 Company F. , Armory Battalion of Local 
 Defence Troops. He was a member of 
 the Democratic City Central Committee 
 liere for four years, and has .served six 
 years as the representative of Jefferson 
 AVard in the Police Board of the city, 
 lie has, in fact, as a citizen with good 
 government at heart, always taken an 
 active and prominent part in local politics. 
 
 W. 1£. Drew iV Co., manufacturers of men's 
 and boys' fine boots and shoes at 737 East IMain 
 street, corner of Eighth, manufacture and retail 
 exclusively all the stock they sell. There is no 
 middle-man, therefore, between them and their 
 trade, and sales are direct from the maker to 
 wearer. They carry in stock an assortment from 
 wliicli they can fit all manner of feet. They 
 make a specialty of fitting persons suffering from 
 ill-fitting shoes, and guarantee to cure the feet 
 of such persons by supplying shoes that are 
 perfect fitting, and at the same time easy 
 wearing. 
 
 The business of this firm was established 
 in a small way by the father of the present 
 liroiirietors in 18t>5, just after the Evacua- 
 tion fire. The house is now doing more bi'si- 
 ness than any house in this line i-uiilh of Ibe 
 city of riiiladelphia. 
 
TIIK CITY ON THE .TAMES. 
 
 209 
 
 MISCEr.LANEOl'S M ANUFACTL'HES. 
 
 Constable Brothers, sliirtniakers and men's 
 furnishers and liatters, of 411) East Broad street, 
 occupy a tliree-story place, the upper tloor of 
 which is their factory. In this department 
 they employ 30 hands on custom-made shirts, 
 which they manufacture larjiely. They have 
 men on the road soliciting orders in the Vir- 
 ginias and Carolinas and Alahama, and, with a 
 $20,000 stock usually carried, they do a business 
 of al)Out $".5,000 a year. 
 
 They have an elaborately-furnislied sales de- 
 partment, and they make a specialty of fine 
 goods. 
 
 The principals in this estalihshnient, \V. S. 
 and C. H. Constable, came here from Balti- 
 more about twelve years ago to do a wholesale 
 business exclusively. Afterward, however, they 
 opened a retail house. They have another house 
 in Norfolk, the house of Constable Brothers 
 &AVall. Mr. C. H. Constable manages affairs 
 there and IMr. W. S. Constable here. 
 
 sources he opened this husiness. He does a 
 conservative but eunncntly safe ti-ade. He car- 
 ries a $.5,000 sloi-k, has skill<Ml hands employed, 
 
 ^^smmsm^tl 
 
 *i^«togsaa.,MHiWfin>iW-niaf 
 
 CONSTABLE BROS ' SHIRT FACTORY, 
 
 Brooke & Co. (C. Brooke, sole proprietor) 
 are manufacturers of ladies' and children's un- 
 derwear at 115 East Broad street. Mr. Brooke, 
 head of the house, is a native of Maryland, but 
 has lived here since 1861. He was in the Con- 
 federate service during the war, and as soon 
 thereafter as he could get together sufficient re- 
 14 
 
 clement BROOKE 
 Manufacturer of Ladies' Underwear. 
 
 and i^roduces about $20,000 worth of goods a 
 year, which he sells through his ti-avelling men 
 to the trade in North Carolina, \'irginia and 
 Georgia. He is a man of proiierty interests 
 and other substantial resources. 
 
 M. Mlrchy & Brother, coojiere, of 1524 and 
 lo2() East Cary street, have an aveiage of 20 
 hands employed and an equipnietit which en- 
 ables them to produce 50,000 new flour barrels a 
 year. This is their specialty, the manufacture 
 of flour barrels for the local trade. They deal 
 largely, however, also in second-hand barrels and 
 hogsheads, and ship them to Philadelphia, New 
 York, Baltimore and Norfolk. They have facili- 
 ties equal to that of any firm of tlie kind in the 
 South. They do, altogetlier, a l)usine,«s of aliout 
 $50,000 a year. 
 
 This business was established by Mr. M. Mur- 
 phy in 1871. Mr. .John Murphy came in a 
 short time afterwards. jNIr. M. IMurjihy is a 
 large owner of i-eal estate here and at New])ort 
 News, and is one of the solid men of the com- 
 munity. They have membership, as a firm, in 
 the Chamber of Comjierce. 
 
210 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 Till' tiOODMAN MAXrFACTUKINC CoMl'ANY, of 
 
 Ricliniond and New York, is one of the largest, 
 if not, indeed, the largest eoneern of the kind in 
 this country. Its l)nsine.ss is the manufacture 
 of hroonis and brushes. It has a factory here, 
 at Nineteenth and Carv streets, covering an 
 
 GOODMAN MANUFACTURING COMPANY'S WORKS 
 
 area of 110 liy '20-1 feet, which is five stories 
 high, and which has an exceptionally complete 
 equipmient of machiner\', and in which it has 
 275 hands regularly employed. Its eajiital stock 
 is S12.5,000 ; its outjmt, .500 dozen brooms a day, 
 with brushes in proportion, and other goods and 
 wares besides ; the whole aggregating upwards 
 of $M.50,000 in sales a year. Its trade is not con- 
 fined to any one State or section, or even to this 
 country, but, as a matter of fact, is world wide. 
 Its specialty is the manufacture of a patent 
 metal-backed brush, for which it has sole patent 
 rights. It is an importer of bristles from Europe, 
 of Mexican grassses used in the trade ; and as 
 a consumer of about 10,000 tons of it a year, is 
 one of the largest buyers of broom-corn in the 
 West. It has three men on the road selling and 
 managing business for it, liut its sales are chiefly 
 through brokers, one or more of whom it has in 
 every large eity of the land. It maintains a 
 selling and importing branch at .34 Tliomas 
 street, New York. 
 
 The business of this company originated with 
 (iooDMAN IJiioTnuRs of this cit}' about five years 
 ago. In their hands it grew so, that in 1891 
 they were compelled to incorporate. Sigmund M. 
 Goodman was then elected president ; Joseph M. 
 KosEXHAUM, vi(«-president ; and Morton A. 
 GooDJiAN secretai7 and treasurer. All three are 
 natives liere, long engaged in business. Mr. 
 Sigmund M. Goodman was a travelling man for 
 
 H. Meyers & lirolhers, wholesale grocers, for 
 yeai-s betore he embarked in this line. Mr. 
 Rosenbaum is a son of the late JI. Rosenbauni, 
 who was of note in his lifetime as a wholesale 
 diy goods merchant. 
 Mr. S. Goodman gives the general manage- 
 ment of affairs his attention, with 
 special direction of the finances as 
 his department. Mr. Rosenbaum 
 supervises the manufacturing de- 
 jiartments, and is buyer for the 
 comjjany. !Mr. M. A. Goodman 
 takes charge of the office and sales. 
 All three are principals also in 
 other concerns here. They are 
 members of (tOOOMax Brothers & 
 C<5., dealers in black oak bai'k, and 
 handling about 20,000 tons of it a 
 year as exporters of it chiefly to 
 Europe. They constitute, also, the 
 Richmond Towing and Transpor- 
 tation Co., elsewhere described 
 herein. They too have membership 
 in the Chamber of Commerce. 
 
 Mrs. A. ,1. Pyle, successor to A. J. Pyle, de- 
 ceased (whose widow she is), runs at 315 North 
 Fifth street the largest steam-dying and carpet- 
 cleaning and renovating works in the South. 
 She owns her place of business, a two-story 
 
 MRS. A. J. PYLE'S 
 Renovating Establishnnent. 
 
 building especially equipped for the trade, an 
 illustration of which is on this page. She does 
 a vast amount of work, and has for patrons the 
 best people of the city and State, and of the 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 2H 
 
 Carolina?, Georgia and Florida. She makes a 
 specialty of cleaning lawn-tennis suits, dresses, 
 laces and costly falirics. By the processes used 
 gloss is removed readily from gentlemen's cloth- 
 ing, linings to dyed work are left white a, id 
 clean, and the fabric returned without either 
 smut or stain. She does a very large cai'pet- 
 cleaning business, and also stores carpets. 
 
 She is the manufacturer also of the "Acme" 
 renovator. The first premium of the "V'irginui 
 State Fair of 1886-'87 was awarded her work. 
 Materials can be expressed to hei', and will be 
 returned as soon as possible. 
 
 Mrs. Pyle began in this business nine years ago 
 with no experience whatever, and she has made 
 a remarkable success of it. She has built uji a 
 business which long ago outgrew the place in 
 which it was when she first took it, and she has 
 shown that business capacity is not exclusively 
 a qualitication of the sterner sex. 
 
 A New York Suh of recent date has this to 
 say of her : 
 
 "Mrs. A. .1. Pyle, of Richmond, Va., owns 
 and manages the largest dyeing and scouring 
 establishment in the South. Left a widow with 
 a famil}' to support, she took up her husband's 
 business, and has managed it with such suc- 
 cess that her custom has more than doubled, 
 and extends throughout the Southern States, 
 including Florida and Texas." 
 
 George P. Stacy's Sons, of Richmond, are the 
 largest manufacturers of corn-husk for mattresses 
 'in the South, and are very large dealers also in 
 mattresses and ijcdding supplies. They have a 
 factory in jNIanchester, over the river from Rich- 
 mond, in which they are employing about MO 
 hands in the jireparation of corn-husks by a 
 patented process of their own, which makes 
 the very best article in the market. They 
 also maintain a warehouse near the factory for 
 the mattress and bedding-supj^lies business, in 
 which they do a very large trade also, through 
 their men on the road traversing the South. To 
 that section their jobbing traffic is confined, 
 although they do a corn-liusk business Ijoth 
 North and South. Their business is growing 
 rapidly, despite the sharp competition in the 
 trade, and, through their efforts, Richmond has 
 become noted as the place where the cheapest 
 as well as best mattresses in the country are 
 made. 
 
 The business of this house was established by 
 G. B. Stacy, grandfather of the present projirie- 
 tor, in 1S44. He was the pioneer in the busi- 
 ness here. He was succeeded by his son, 
 
212 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 Geoi-fie P. Stacy, who in turn was succeeded, in 
 1889, by George P. Staey's Sons. Mr. George 
 B. Stacy, Jr., has been sole proprietor of tlie 
 business since 1S91. 
 
 A out on page 211 shows the two estalilish- 
 ments he operates. His business address is P. 
 0. Box 3, Kichnumd, V:i. 
 
 The Entefu'Rise Suiht Manufactuking Com- 
 pany of 826 East INIain street, has a fectory for 
 producing shirts and underwear for the trade, 
 
 RESIDENCE OF J, Q DICKINSON, BUILDING CONTRACTOR, 
 East Marshall Street. 
 
 and also largeh' to order, and has an average of 
 15 hands employed. The sewing machines in 
 this factory are I'un bj' electricity. This com- 
 pany sells its goods in all the Southern States. 
 Its capacity, for custom work alone, is thirty 
 dozen shirts and tw-enty dozen drawers a week, 
 stock work not included. It is the exclusive 
 owner of all shirt and drawers measures of the 
 late tirm.s of H. T. Miller & Co. and William 
 ilitchell & Co., and all orders ever filled by 
 them can be duplicated by it. 
 
 The manager of this company is E. E. Bishop, 
 who came here ten years ago from Baltimore, 
 where he had been hi the same line, and conse- 
 quently now has had eighteen years' experience 
 as a cutter of fine custom work. He was mana- 
 ger of other concerns of this character before he 
 took charge of this enterprise. The company is, 
 in reality, successor to William Mitchell & Co. 
 By purchase of the patterns, order books and 
 good w-ill of that Arm, it began with an estab- 
 lished ti-ade. 
 
 The Virginia Steam Lacndrv and Toilet- 
 Supply Company, 1207 West ]\Iain street, Rich- 
 mond, executes fine laundry work of every des- 
 cription, including lace curtains, blankets, etc. 
 Otficesand business houses are furnished with 
 toilet outfits at §1 per month, and clean towels 
 supplied daily by it. 
 
 Goods are called for and lielivered promptly 
 to any part of the city. 
 
 TrRXER & Willis, telephone ',141, are the pro- 
 prietors. 
 
 Arthur G. Evans, 
 contractor for house 
 and sign painting, at 
 22 North Ninth street, 
 has executed many 
 line jobs here, among 
 the rest the Second 
 Baptist Church, the 
 Westmoreland Club 
 and the residences of 
 .John P. Branch, A. Y. 
 Stokes and Ashl)y 
 .Jones, on Franklin 
 street, and the Oscar 
 Cranz residence. Sec- 
 ond and Grace streets. 
 Superior work, in fact, 
 has long ago e.stablisli- 
 ed his reputation here. 
 He is a native of Nor- 
 folk, and there master- 
 ed the trade before the 
 war. .\fter the war, in 
 which he served as a soldier of the Confederacy, 
 he established himself here. He does a good 
 deal of W'Ork outside as well as in the city. 
 Many of the business houses and residences in 
 Manchester were done by him. Ordinarily he 
 employs 20 hands, but more when business re- 
 quires it. He gives special attention to the 
 quality of stock used in executing orders, and 
 personally superintends all work undertaken by 
 him. 
 
 Franck Brothers, gilders and framers, of the 
 corner Ninth and Franklin streets, are princi- 
 pals in a business which was established in 1840 
 by their grandfather, Lewis Franck, and are suc- 
 cessors to their father. L. Franck, Sr., founder 
 of the business, was a native of Berlin. He 
 came here in 18.39, and began the picture fram- 
 ing business and carried it on for veiy many 
 years with his son (Lewis also by name) in a 
 small way. The grandsons, the present pro- 
 prietors, were brought up to the business with 
 their father and grandfather. Not content. 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 213 
 
 however, with the framiii^r business merely, they 
 determined to extend their trade. Aided by 
 some hints, gained from specimens of ItaHan 
 work Ijrought here by wealthy residents, they ac- 
 quired a knowledge of Venetian and Florentine 
 carving and gilding, and now their attention is 
 given almost wholly to this high class of work. 
 
 They get pretty much all they can do, and re- 
 ceive orders from all'the Southern States. They 
 have reputation for the artistic finish of their 
 work. Their specialty is the manufacture of 
 frames for mirrors and costly paintings, and also 
 the restoring of old oil paintings and the regild- 
 ing of old gold frames. 
 
 MANUFACTURES OF 1S92. 
 
 Establishments . . . 
 Hands employed . . 
 Wages paid . , 
 Capital invested , , . 
 Materials consumed . 
 Annual output. . . . 
 
 Characteristic Lines : 
 
 Tobacco 
 
 Building material, including lum- 
 ber, brick granite, etc 
 
 Iron and ioundry products, imple- 
 ments and carriages 
 
 Flour and meal 
 
 Fertilizers and Chemicals 
 
 Drugs and grocers' specialties . . . 
 
 Printing 
 
 Paper and paper products 
 
 1,003 
 
 23,360 
 
 Sii.630,706 
 
 117,458,090 
 
 $21,, 188,325 
 $42,299,750 
 
 $15,670,000 
 
 $5,210,000 
 
 $4,500,000 
 $2,800,000 
 $i,Soo,ooo 
 $1,800,000 
 51,470 000 
 $1,200,000 
 
 Cotton goods, clothing, etc 
 
 Woodenware. etc 
 
 Leather goods 
 
 Packing and canniug . , . 
 
 Water-power available (horse-power) . 
 Water-power utilized (horse-power). . 
 Manufacturing coal, per ton 
 
 $810,000 
 5750,000 
 $680,000 
 $680,900 
 
 21,000 
 5.000 
 
 $2 to $3 
 
 Materials Largely Available ; 
 
 Tobacco, grain, fruits and vegeta- 
 les ; iron, coal, granite, lumber, 
 brick, clay. 
 
 For manfacturing opportunities, see page 144. 
 
 Note: The figures of Chapter I of the 
 book are those of 1S91 — all that were 
 available when it was compiled. 
 
 HOTEL, HOT SPRINGS. HOT SPRINGS VALLEY, BATH COUNTY, VA. (C. & O. R. R.) 
 
Jobbing Trade. 
 
 1 1 K wholesale business of 
 Rielimojul, exelusive of 
 iiianufaetures, now ap- 
 proximates $54,000,000 
 a year. Keckoning, 
 now, $6,2.50,000 of this 
 total for exports un- 
 manufaetured ; $7,.5O0,- 
 000 for grain and I'otton, fruits di'ied and green, 
 wool and hides, and produce of all kinds, 
 excepting tobacco; 3;-.',000,000 for live stock, 
 horses and mules; and $2,.')00,000 for lumber, 
 coal, stone, etc., there is remaining ?36,2.30,000 
 for the jobbing trade proper, which is the figure 
 given by the Di.yxiti-h, in its review of the year 
 1892, published .January 1st last, upon the au- 
 thority of the CiiAJiiiEit OF Commerce. 
 
 ,V CiltEAT ADV.\XCEMEXT. 
 
 This jobbing total shows but a small increase 
 over the figures of the preceding yeai-, which, 
 liowever, was a remarkably brisk business pe- 
 riod. There was, at all events, no falling off. 
 
 although the low price of cotton and other sta- 
 ples in tlie city's tributaries certainly aft'ected 
 its business. And then, besides, the enterprise 
 
 D J BALDWIN, 
 Of Baldwin 8c Bfown Jobbers of Ha'dware. 
 
 C. E. WINGO, 
 Of the Wingo, Ellett & Crump Shoe Company. 
 
 lit the r-ity has Ijeen directed largely of late into 
 channels of manufacturing industry. It would 
 be fairer, jierhaps, to draw the comparison with 
 more than a snigleyear; and such a contrast 
 ivall)- discloses a tremendous forward stride. 
 The jobbing business of the city has increased 
 $4,200,000 since 1890, |ll,7.")0,OOo' since 188.5, and 
 §18,000,000 since 1881— or a hundred per cent, in 
 eleven years. 
 
 This is the work of but one of the industrial 
 cohuiins of this city on tlie James. Yet by how 
 many cities, East, AVest, North or South, can it 
 be matched? A wholesale business of .'!!.54,.500,- 
 i>i)i> in a single year, with a corresponding de- 
 velopment of retail trade; and parallel with 
 that advance, $42,250,000 of manufactured pro- 
 duit, between four and five nnllions of real 
 estate, building and public improvements — over 
 a hundreil millions of commerce — twice the busi- 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 215 
 
 ness of ten or twelve years ago ! In the West, 
 assuredly, they would tnimpet a growth like 
 that to all the world. 
 
 I'RIXCIPAL LIXES PIK.^IF.D. 
 
 The city has now about 300 jobbing houses. 
 The travelling salesmen of the rity number 800. 
 
 E. A. SAUNDERS. 
 Of E.A Saunders & Sons, Wholesale GfOCers. 
 
 The estimate of capital employed by tlie 300 
 houses is $8,000,000. Of the entire jobbing sales 
 aggregate more than half is credited in the news- 
 paper compilations to the grocery and provision 
 trade, through which, very extensively, the to- 
 bacco jobbing is done; and in this classitication is 
 emliraced also, in part, the commission dealings 
 in tobacco, grain, and the great croji staples. 
 Thus, of nearly $23,000,000 busine.'^s covering 
 these federated lines, about •S14,."i00,000 are gro- 
 cery sales proper, S4,700,000 dealings in jirovi- 
 sions, and perhaps §2,6.50,000 the fancy grocery 
 trade, which here handles maiuifactured tobacco 
 to a considerable amount. 
 
 The produce business of the city is also ex- 
 ceptionally Urge. Of cotton and the cereals 
 the value of $3,.500,000 is handled ; of hides and 
 wool, and commodities of that class, embracing 
 ginseng and other native roots, wax, skins, etc., 
 $7.50,000 worth ; of hay and feed, as much as this 
 la.st item ; of seeds, $2.50,000 ; of tlried fruits. 
 
 $150,000 ; of country produce and dairy products 
 at least $1,000,000. Full\- $500,000 worth of do- 
 mestic produce, indeed, is handled b)' market- 
 men here; much of it received direct from the 
 producer who brings it from the city's environs. 
 
 OTHEU I.E.VDIXd LINES. 
 
 The dry goods, millinery and clothing Ijusi- 
 ness is about $4,750,000 a year. House furnish- 
 ings (furniture, carpets, pianos, sewing machines, 
 stoves, kitchen ware, and other household 
 articles) are sold to the amount of $3,100,000 a 
 year. 
 
 The hardware, machinery and implement 
 business is close to $2,000,000 a year ; and that, 
 also, is about the shoe trade done, and the total, 
 also, for drugs, paints and oils. 
 
 Of coal, about 350,000 tons, valued at $875,000, 
 together with considerable northern ice that 
 still comes here, is handled ; of lumber, thirty- 
 tive to forty million feet, and besides that, ties, 
 timber, cord- wood, etc., bringing the total up 
 to $1,200,000 anuuallv. The horse and mule 
 
 W H WEISIGER 
 President Weisigei Clotning Company, 
 
 business is upward of $1,000,000 a year, and the 
 receipts of cattle and other live stock (.some 
 70,000 a year in nuinberl, is an additional 
 $',100,000. 
 
216 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 The Hues, thi-n, lor whii'h Kic-hmoiul is nota- 
 ble arc : Groceries, staple and fancy (including; 
 much tobacco, jobbing and provision trade) ; 
 grain and produce ; dry goods and clothing ; 
 furniture and house fin-nishings ; hardware and 
 niacliinery; boots and shoes ; drugs, paints and 
 oils; coal, lumber and stone; horses and mules, 
 and live stock. 
 
 THE city's ItA.NK IX THADE. 
 
 Ricii.Mo.M) now ranks among the foremost, 
 most prosjierous and most rapidly growing of 
 Soutliern trade centers. New Orleans and 
 Louisville only are larger than it in this regard, 
 and neither of these advances faster of late. As 
 a Southern jobliing center it leads Atlanta) 
 
 E. A. SAUNDERS & SONS WHOLESALE GROCERS. 
 
 Nashville and Memphis, and as a manufacturing 
 place is far beyond their rivalry. This very 
 combination of manufactures and joljbing, in- 
 deed, is one of its special advantages, in that 
 much of its stock in trade is of home prochiction. 
 Otheradvantages are these: 1. Us control of the 
 tobacco trade. 2. Its station half way between 
 thegreatseats of uianufiieturing proilnction of the 
 North and East, and of agricultural production in 
 the .'^outh and Southeast, so that it can buy in 
 the clieapest market and sell in tlie nearest. 3. 
 Its location in Tidewater, assuring it ti.e compe- 
 tition of waterwith rail transportation facilities. 
 4. Its improved communications with the West. 
 
 But its greatest promise lies in the development 
 of the country at its back ; the coast regions of 
 A'irgiiiia and the Carolinas, with their fisheries 
 and truck lands and timber ; and the Southern 
 Alleghany region with its marvelous wealth of 
 mines. 
 
 Many of its great estalilishments — its iron 
 works, flour mills and tobaeco^factories espe- 
 cially — are, as to trade territory, practically un- 
 confined. The country at large, and for some 
 of them the world even, is field; but for aiost 
 of the wholesale business houses, Virginia and 
 West Virginia, the Carolinas, Georgia and con- 
 tiguous parts of Kentucky and Tennessee are 
 the tributaries of the city. This field is, how- 
 ever, and Richmond's share in it particularly, 
 developing in resources as fast as 
 any province of commerce in the 
 land, not excepting even the boom- 
 lands of the West. Upon this de- 
 velopment the prospects of Rich- 
 mond are based. And the signs all 
 point to a continuance of the growth 
 which the city has experienced for 
 the ten or twelve years past. 
 
 LEADI.NO GROCERY, BBOKER.\GE AND 
 PROVISION HOfSES. 
 
 E. A. S.vuNDERs & So.Ns, wholesale 
 grocers, provision dealers and im- 
 porters, at Fourteenth and Caiy 
 streets, are rated in the trade a 
 house fast approaching, if they have 
 not reached that mark already, the 
 distinction of .*;i,000,()Ot) in sales a 
 year. They carry a big stock — 
 seldom less than i?100,000 worth of 
 ordinary goods, in their place of 
 business (shown in the accompany 
 ing engraving), and heavy staples 
 in a warehouse at 142S Gary street, 
 a few doors away. They own these premises, 
 and the head of the house is credited with per- 
 sonal resources of uncommon value besides. 
 
 Tliey have five men on the load, and 2.5 em- 
 l>loyes altogether. Their specialty is tobacco 
 and tobacco manufacturers' supplies. 
 
 This house was established directly after the 
 war by the firm of Walker & Saunders, of which 
 Mr. E. A. Sau.vders, Sr., head of the house 
 now, was one. Pie was sole projirietor from 
 1876 to 1888, and then his son, E. A., .Jr., 
 acquired an interest with hiru. In bStIO another 
 son, W. B., was admitted, ainl these three con- 
 stitute the firm now. 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 217 
 
 Mr. E. A Saumlers, Sr., is, as we have hinted, 
 a man of wealth, acquh-ed by thrift and tact 
 during a long and successful business career. 
 He was a country merchant origin- 
 ally, in New Kent county, this 
 State, and he has been in business, 
 altogether, forty-two years. He is 
 a member of the firm of E. A. Saun- 
 ders & Co., of Xew York, engaged 
 chiefly in the lumber trade, and he 
 owns vessels, city real estate, farms, 
 plantations and bank stock to a con- 
 siderable amount. He has three 
 farms on the James: "Boscobel,'' 
 1,450 acres, twenty miles up the 
 James; "Shirley," 800 acres, twen- 
 ty miles down stream, and manageil 
 by H. S. Saunders, his son ; and 
 "Buckland," (350 acres, thirty miles 
 down. 
 
 D.WENPORT & ^Morris, wholesale 
 grocers, importers and commission merchants, 
 at Seventeenth and Dock streets, lead all others 
 here of their line, in capital and resources, va- 
 riety and amount of stock carried and grand ag- 
 gregate of sales. In 1891 their trade was upwards 
 of $1,500,000. They cover all the States of the 
 South east of the Mississippi river, and have 
 ten men on the road in that field. They occupy 
 here six large warehouses, their own property, 
 adjacent to the docks and with Richmond and 
 Danville side-track, in which they usually have 
 on hand a $200,000 stock. They have SO em- 
 ployes here. 
 
 They make a specialty of the trade in tobacco 
 
 Is.VAC Davenport, Jr., who, however, after a 
 a long and busy life as merchant and banker, 
 has practically retired ; Juxius A. iloRRis, vir- 
 
 ^^ 
 
 WORKS OF KINGAN & CO 
 
 manufacturers' supplies and of the importation 
 direct of coffee and liquors. They are, in fact, 
 the largest importers here. 
 
 Four partners hold interests in this house : 
 
 DAVENPORT & MORRIS, 
 Wholesale Grocers and Importets. 
 
 tually the head of the house, as senior now in its 
 management; Is.\.\c D.wenport and Frank A. 
 Davenport, sons of the late G. B. Davenport, 
 formerly a partner in the house. 
 
 Mr. Isaac Davenport, Jr., is also of Davenport 
 
 & Co. , bankers and insurance men, and agents for 
 
 the Liverpool and London and Globe Company. 
 
 He is one of the wealthiest residents of the city, 
 
 and is interested in many of the most important 
 
 enterprises here. Mr. INIorris is president of 
 
 the Union Brokerage Company, a director of 
 
 the First National Bank, the Albemarle Paper 
 
 Comjiany, manufacturers of blotting paper here, 
 
 and the Southern Manufacturing Company, 
 
 coffee roasters and sjiice grinders and 
 
 manufacturers of leaking powders. Mr. 
 
 Frank A . Davenport is also a director of 
 
 the Southern ^Nlanufacluring Company, 
 
 1 and the Albemarle Paper Company, and 
 ^ is vice-president of the former. 
 
 ^i^ The house is the oldest of any note 
 here. It was established in 1815 by Da- 
 venport & Allen. The Davenport of 
 that firm was grandfather to the junior 
 ti- members of to-day. It has membership 
 in the Cuamuer op Com.merce, and Mr. 
 Morris is one of its Committee on Bank- 
 ing and Currency,a selection indicative, 
 ^ surely, of a considerable degree of attain- 
 
 ments on his part i n t he realm of finance. 
 
 KiNciAN & Co., pork and meat packers, of 
 Indianapolis and Kansas City (one of the largest 
 concerns of this kind in the world), have had a 
 sales agency here for nine years. This agency 
 
218 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 is at 14l'7 anil 14l"J Cary street, eui-iier of Fif- 
 teenth. Mr. J. S. MixcE is the company's repre- 
 .«entative. Mr. ]\Innee's field is that embraced 
 in the States of Jlaryland, Delaware, the ^'ir- 
 siiiias, the District of Columbia, the Carolinas, 
 and part of (ieorijia. lie has six men on the 
 road under him in that tield, and has about 40 
 employes here altojiet her. He has cold-storage 
 facilities for ;).'iO,00() pounds of meats, has side- 
 track right to his door, and is supplied with the 
 superior products of Kingan & Co. dii'ect from 
 Indianapolis and Kansas City. 
 
 The works of Kingan A: Co. in Indianapolis 
 have capacity equal to the slaughtering of a mil- 
 lion hogs a year. Its sales are about $9,000,000 
 a year, and the Kansas City AVorks are of 
 .scarcely less capacity. The company, however, 
 prides itself more on the quality than the quan- 
 tity of its products. " Kino.vn's REi.rABLE " are 
 standard brands everywhere in this State. The 
 specialties here are smoked meats ami lard, and 
 other jjroducts of the house. 
 
 Mr, Munce, representative of the company 
 here, is a member of the Chamber of Co.mmehce. 
 He started with the company in Belfast, Ire- 
 land, where it has also a very large establish- 
 ment, and has been with it going on twenty 
 years. He thoroughly understands his liusi- 
 ness, and is a clevei' gentleman to have dealings 
 with. 
 
 Brow.v, Dams i\: Atkixs, wholesale grocers 
 and liquor dealers, at l.'!23 to ]:!2S Cary street, 
 is a house of the first order. It has trade in 
 all the States of the South, east of the Missis- 
 sippi river, and has tive men on the road 
 eelhng for it in that territory. It usually 
 carries a stock worth 1100,000, embracing all 
 the staples of the grocery trade and the finest 
 of imported and domestic li(|uoi-s, and its aggre- 
 gate annual Imsiness is little, if anything, short 
 of .<;5()0,000. 
 
 Its princi|>als are men of ripe business ex])e- 
 rience and large resources. ;\Ir. Browx is a di- 
 rector also of the First National Bank and one 
 of the resident directory of the Liverpool ami 
 London and Globe Insurance Company. ^Ir. 
 Davis is a director of the Virginia Fire and 
 Marine Insurance Company, and also of the 
 Citizens Savings Bank. 
 
 Mr. Brown was the "Co." of the house of 
 ■\Villiam 15. .lones c^i Co., tins firm's predecessor, 
 which was established in 1861. The house is, 
 therefore, now in its thirty-second year. Mr. 
 Davis was an employe of the original firm, 
 and acquired his interest twentv-seven vears 
 
 ago. Ml'. Atkixs has lieeii with the house 
 eleven years, and a partner five years of that 
 time. 
 
 Mr. Brown gives his attention to the finances 
 and credits, Mr. Davis to the otfice business, 
 and Mr. Atkins travels considerabh' in the 
 interests of the firm. They own the property 
 they occupy, a large three-story block. This 
 firm also has a membershiii in the Cha.mbek. 
 
 John R. Carv, wholesale grocer and importer 
 and dealer in tobacco and cigars, on Shockoe 
 Lane, has eight men on the road in the Vir- 
 ginias, Carolinas, Georgia and Tennessee, and 
 is one of the largest dealers in his line doing 
 business in those States. He makes a specialty 
 of the fiour trade, particularly of tliree brands, 
 "Pinnacle," "Elmwood," and "J. R. C," 
 family brands. He handles all the staples of 
 the grocery trade and many fancy lines, and is 
 a large imijorter of Rio and Santos coffees. 
 
 Mr. Cary was formerly one of the firm of 
 Christian & Cary, engaged in this same line 
 here, but has been established on his own ac- 
 count and associated with special partners since 
 1889. These special partners are C. E. AViugo, 
 J. S. EUett and J. D. Cramp, of the wholesale 
 boot and shoe house of Messrs. Wingo, Ellett & 
 Crump; and P. A. Sublett and W. M. Cary, 
 who are the commission firm of Sublett & Cary. 
 He is himself a mender and director of the 
 Wingo, Ellett & Crump Shoe Company. This is 
 a comliination of six of the most substantial men 
 of the city. He has membership also in the 
 Cha.mber op Commerce. 
 
 Harrelson & Cku.mp, wholesale grocers and 
 confectioners of 1310 East Main street, have 
 three men on the road selling for them in the 
 States of A'irginia, AVest A'irginia and the Caro- 
 linas, an<i have about 20 hands employed in 
 making candy to the extent of about 2,000 pounds 
 a day. Thej' make a specialty of the trade in 
 fancy groceries and in tobacco and cigars, and 
 usually carry about $20,000 of stock. AVith this, 
 under an active management, they are enabled 
 to do a business of §200,000 a year. They have 
 been established about seven years. 
 
 Mr. T. A. Harrelsox, the head of the house, 
 has been in the wholesale confectionery busi- 
 ness for a great many years. He was a ti'avel- 
 ling salesman for other houses of the same sort 
 before he started with this house. Mr. Cru.mp, 
 his partner, has had a similar experience. This 
 house also has a membership in the Chamiier of 
 
 Co.MMERlE. 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 210 
 
 Carter & Eylaxd, of 21 South Fiftwiitli 
 street, are wholesale grocers and commission 
 merchants, dealini; also in iron and steel, in 
 hay and feed, salt and other staples. They 
 are agents also for Dipont sporting and Ati.as 
 blasting and railroad powders. They were 
 originally in the commission Vnisiness solely. 
 The feed trade and the powder business they 
 have lately begun to make a specialty. 
 
 They rank among the leading houses here in 
 resources, stock carried and business. They sell 
 everywhere in Richmond's field. They date 
 
 Jlajor Carter's title is derived irom service 
 under the flag of the Confederacy during the 
 late war. He was actively engaged in the 
 fighting from Bethel at the beginning to Appo- 
 mattox at the close. 
 
 This house, too, has membership in the 
 Chamber of Commerce, and also in other of 
 the public bodies. 
 
 T. F. Minor, wholesale grocer and provision 
 dealer of 1309 Gary street, has been in that busi- 
 ness here since l.'^71, and has been a resident 
 
 JOHN R CARY, WHOLESALE GROCER. 
 
 fi-om an establisment in IS.iO liy A\'ortliani i^ 
 JNIagnider. As at iiresent constituted, the house, 
 however, may be said to date from 1873. The 
 principals in it are Major H. C. Carter, who, 
 for many years before he started on his own 
 account was with Williams & Carrington, com- 
 mission mi'rchants here, and I\lr. X. Rvlaxd, 
 formerly with the T. C. Williams Co., tobacco 
 manufacturers. 
 
 and a liusiness man here since ISiiO. He makes 
 a specialty of the flour trade, and is proprietor 
 of tlie '•'Tip Top," "(^ueen of the West," "Lily 
 AVhite" and "Gold I>ust ".brands. 
 
 He occupies a three story place, and carries a 
 stock suflicieiit to fill orders of any magnitude. 
 Besides a large business with the dealers of the 
 city he has trade thvou;;b(.)Ut Virginia and the 
 Carol mas also. 
 
220 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 Wirt E. Taylou i>c Co., jobbers of fancy gro- 
 ceries and manufacturing confectioners, at 1315 
 East jMain street, occupy there a four-story 
 place, the top floor of whicii is their factory. 
 An engraving sliowing it is on this page. They 
 have on hand u.«ually a $35,000 stock; and with 
 four men on the road in tlie Virginias and the 
 Carolinas, and as many selling the local trade, 
 they do a business of $250,000 or more a year. 
 They have 21 employes altogether. Their out- 
 put of stick candy and fancy candies is 2,000 
 pounds daily. 
 
 They make a specialty also of the sale of 
 cigars and tobacco, and handle, for their trade 
 largely besides, cakes, candies, fruits, crackers, 
 oat-meal, barley, cracked wheat, capers, sai'- 
 dincs, olives, etc.; I^ea & Perrin's sauce, Ci'oss 
 & Blackwell's pickles, Coleman's mustard ; 
 Cox's, Chalmers' and Nelson's gelatines; Bor- 
 den's condensed milk, canned goods, potted 
 meats, fruit butters, and preserves. 
 
 This is, comparatively speaking, a new house 
 here, but it is a very solid one. Wirt E. Tay- 
 lor (late of Tribbett & Taylor), for fourteen 
 years a i-etail grocer here, is its senior principal 
 and managing partner. His associates ai'e ^\'. 
 A. Brysox, formerly of Boydton, IMecklenburi; 
 county, Va., and O. A. Hawkiks, who was with 
 him in the firm of Tribbett & Taylor. 
 
 Mr. Taylor also owns the !MarshaIl-street 
 
 ^c^ ^W ■ FP 
 
 TT-i " 
 
 m 
 
 ■f w ai LL LL ' ^ 
 
 m m ,■■ ■■ IB 'hit KT 
 
 rr 
 
 
 WIRT E. TAYLOR & CO., GROCERS 
 
 pharmacy, at Marshall and Fifth streets. Mr. 
 Hawkins has been in the wholesale-grocery 
 business here since 1S77. Mr. Kryson was for- 
 
 merh' in the grocei'v and confectionery liusi- 
 ness at Boydton. They have been together 
 since January, 1891, and have met with marked 
 success. They are members of the Chamber op 
 Commerce and also of the Wholesale Grocers' 
 Association. 
 
 .■MRItcUANDISE imoKERAGE AND COMMISSION. 
 
 Robert M. Smith & Co. are genei'al merchan- 
 dise brokers and commission merchants at 18 
 South Thii'teenth street, and are successors to 
 
 ROBERT M. SMITH & CO., BROKERS. 
 
 Charles S. Gates & Co., whose business was es- 
 tablished in 1881. Mr. Robert M. S.mitii was a 
 jiaitner in that concern up to 1880, when he 
 jiurchased the business, and he has since con- 
 ducted it under the firm name of Robert M. 
 Smith & Co. 
 
 This firm's business is confined to the whole- 
 sale jobbing trade of Richmond and other jobbing 
 points in Virginia. They represent large and 
 prominent flouring mills in Ohio, Michigan, In- 
 diana, Illinois and other States, and jilace with 
 tlie jobbing trade durin,ff the year many thousand 
 liarrels of flour of all grades. They also handle 
 large lines of provision and fish, and represent 
 some of the most reputalile packers and dealers 
 in the United States, and besides these reliable 
 manufacturers and iinijortrrs in numerous other 
 lines of merchandise. 
 
 Having a commodious ihree-story warehouse 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 221 
 
 and cellar, situatt-il in tlie center of the whole- 
 sale section of the city, they liave great facilities 
 for carrying >^tocks of goods for their correspon- 
 dents, from whom they are constantly receiving 
 large consignments. By clo.'-e application and 
 personal attention to his business, Mr. Rob- 
 ert M. Smitli has built up a successful and 
 growing trade, has made many warm friends 
 among tlie business men of the cit)', and al- 
 ways given the greatest satisfaction to his 
 cori'espondents. It is his policy to represent 
 none but first-class houses, to keep a close 
 watch over their interests, and to place tlieir 
 goods only in the hands of reputable mer- 
 chants. Manufacturers desiring to be repi'e- 
 sented in this market would do well to cor- 
 respond with him. 
 
 The WiLLi.\.M B. West Company, of ii 
 South Fourteenth street, is a wholesale 
 dealer in wooden ware, willow ware, cigars, 
 tobacco and fancy groceries, and a manu- 
 facturer of brooms and tinware ; is one of 
 the largest houses, in fact, engaged in these 
 lines in the South. It usually carries a stock 
 of $40,000 worth of goods. It has five men 
 on the road in the trade territory of the city, 
 has a grocery trade in all parts of the State, 
 West Virginia and the Carolinas, and its ag- 
 
 house. In buildings near by it also ruanufac- 
 tures stick candy for the grocery trade. It works 
 uj) about 100 barrels of sugar a month in this 
 department. 
 
 UNION BROKERAGE C'J .,■.) 
 
 AND WAREHOUSE CO. 
 
 WM. B. WEST COMPANY, 
 Fancy Groceries and Woodenware. 
 
 gregate business in the course of a year will 
 approach $.1.50,000. It occupies a building .3.5 
 hj 150 feet, and four stories, stocked throughout 
 with as complete lines of goods as any Southern 
 
 This liouse is successor to the firm of West & 
 Gibson, w'hich was Itself successor to C. P. Stokes. 
 Stokes began business some twenty years ago, 
 the William B. West Company at the com- 
 mencement of 1.SU2. !Mr. AViLLiAM B. West, 
 president of the company, was one of firm of 
 West & Giljson. He is buyer for the house and 
 its general manager. IMr. H. F. Vaughan, 
 secretary and treasurer, was, prior to the organi- 
 zation of it, book-keeper for the old firm. 
 
 This company also has a membership in the 
 Chamber of Commerce. 
 
 The Union Brokerage, Com miss on and 
 W'.iREHorsE Company is what its name implies, 
 a chartered brokerage and warehouse concern, 
 in which many of the leading merchants, those 
 of the grocery trade especially, are interested. 
 It has §200,000 authorized capital, §.50,000 of 
 which IS paid up. It was establislied in 1890, 
 and has quarters at 112 and 114 South Seven- 
 teenth street. It is managed by Mr. John 
 Adam, an experienced man, formerly for some 
 thirteen years a broker here on his own ac- 
 count. Under him are twelve or fifteen clerks 
 and office men. 
 
 It has a city trade solely, but its business i-uns 
 up into the millions. It receives consignments 
 of goods from the large Northern and W^estern 
 concerns, manufacturers esjjecially, and supplies 
 the local jobljers dii'ect without further inter- 
 vention of agencies or drummers. It is a sav- 
 ing to the seller, and to those who have mem- 
 bership in it atibrds the douIUe advantage of 
 
222 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 convenience and protit ; for it is manifest tliat 
 tlie connnissions paid for brokerage come back 
 again in the shape of dividendj;. 
 
 Junius A. Mokkis, of Davenport *S: Morris, 
 leading wholesale grocers of the city, is it? 
 president; L. C. Younger, wholesale grocer, 
 first vice-president ; Adolpiius Blair, of A. 
 Blair it .Sons, wholesale grocers also, second 
 vice-president ; and CnARi.Es Davenport, of 
 Charles Davenjiort & Co., jolibing grocers like- 
 wise, secretary and treasurer. 
 
 The ilirectoi-s are K. A. Saunders, Jr., of E. 
 A. Saunders it Sons, wholesale grocers ; J. S. 
 Moore, wholesale grocer and liquor dealer ; 
 
 THE SAMUEL REGESTER COMPANY, BROKERS AND COMMISSION MERCHANTS. 
 
 E. G. J^eigh, Jr., [ncsident of the Southern 
 Manufacturing Company; John R. Cary, «hok- 
 salc grocer; J. L. Antrim, of C. W. Antrim & 
 Sons, wholesale gi-ocers; H. P. Tayloi-, of the 
 Taylor & liolling Co., wdiolesale fancy grocers; 
 ami Messrs. .Morris, Younger, Blair and Charles 
 Davenport. 
 
 The Samuel Rege-ster Company, of 10 111 and 
 1021 East Cary street, corner Eleventh, and 
 fronting also on Basin Bank, is a wholesale 
 brokerage, commission and distributinjr liou.te 
 
 which meets the full requirements of thedetini- 
 tion " li ve and energetic, ' ' as applied to brokerage 
 concerns. For years they have been thoroughly 
 identified with this trade, have commanded 
 a big patronage and held a high position in 
 their line of business. 
 
 They control the output of many very large 
 milling concerns, and their sales of FLoru are 
 very extensive. 
 
 They are exclusive distributing agents for 
 Hudnit's Kiln Dried Hominy and Grits, which 
 have a very large sale throughout the entire 
 Southern trade territory of the city. 
 
 The prodigious and progressive house of the 
 Armour Packing Company of Kansas City has 
 chosen them as its Virginia 
 agents, and carries constant- 
 ly with them large stocks 
 of lard, canned meats 
 and other products. The 
 "White Lahel" Brand of 
 Pure LeafLard (Armour's) 
 is now the leading lard in 
 this section. It is, indeed, 
 the perfection of lards, being 
 alwa3's the same summer 
 and winter, white and 
 sweet, so that cooking Ije- 
 comes a pleasure instead of 
 labor by use of this brand. 
 Every package bears the 
 manufacturer's guarantee of 
 absolute pui'ity. 
 
 They control that unique 
 table delicacy, Luncheon 
 Beef, which is the acme of 
 canned meats. It can be 
 used hot or cold. It is now 
 largely used by both the 
 I'nited States army and 
 navy, and is generally be- 
 coming a necessity every- 
 where. And in this connec- 
 tion, every house- keeper 
 • should have one of the 
 
 Lt NciiEON Beef Cook-Books they issue. 
 
 They are also the sole agents for the .Ameri- 
 can Starch Co.mpanv, whose jnoducts are .so 
 thoroughh' known for uniformity, excellence of 
 strength and purity. 
 
 As the exclusive .Southern selling agents for 
 The Miller Salt Co.mpany, of Warsaw, they 
 are the largest distributors of salt in the Soiiih. 
 
 In addition they represent some of the lar;.'e.>-t 
 houses in this country in grocere' heavy stajiles. 
 
 Tlii.s conqiany enjoys the entire confidence of 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 223 
 
 the trade here, and, in fact, throughout the 
 South. They have lar<ie branch liouses at 
 Lynchljurg and Norfolk, both provided with a 
 competent and active corps of assistants. The 
 general conduct of the business is under the 
 constant supervision of the main house in this 
 city. 
 
 They ai'e widely and favorable known as a 
 thoroughly relialile house, one whose transac- 
 tions are entirely honorable and strictly just. 
 
 H. Wallerstein & Co., commission dealers 
 in produce, at 110 to 114 South Fifteenth .street, 
 make a specialty of the trade in green and dried 
 
 Cii-A.MBER OF Commerce and one of its Connnit- 
 tee on Commercial Usages, and who is a direc- 
 tor of the Union Hide Company, of this city; 
 and Joseph AVallersteix, who is a director 
 of the Perpetual Building and Loan Associa- 
 tion, and treasurer of the Union Hide Com- 
 pany. 
 
 \V. W. Lefew, general merchandise broker 
 and commission merchant, W'ith office at l;>26 
 East Cary street, and storage warehouse at 1-02 
 of the same street, has been establisheil in 
 that line for the last seven years. He makes a 
 specialty of the trade in Hour, fish, and meats, 
 
 H WALLERSTEIN & CO, COMMISSION MERCHANTS 
 
 fruits, wool, grain, butter, eggs, and poulti-y. 
 They carry sometimes a J'40,000 stock, received 
 on consignment largely from the AVestern and 
 Southern States, and are shippers to the larger 
 markets of the country lo the extent of 8250,000 
 a year. They have three men on the road sell- 
 ing for them, and are a leading house of their 
 line here. 
 
 The partners in tins house are H. AValler- 
 .steix, who was until lately a director of the 
 
 and has been prominent as a dealer in tlie.-e 
 commodities ever since he began. He is a na- 
 tive of the city, and had clerked m this line 
 before he began on his own account. He is a 
 member of the Chamber of Commerce. He is 
 sales agent, and keeps stocks here for the Na- 
 tional Starch Manufacturing Company, main 
 offices New York; Fairbank Canning Company, 
 Chicago; Mrs. JM. AV. Straight's celebrated " Pic- 
 nic" cheese; and of other lines besides. 
 
224 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 AV. S. FoKHEs it Co., whole.sak' iloalcrs in pro- 
 visions, at Ninth and Byrd streets, have been 
 
 estalilishod in tliat line here since 1884, and 
 
 grocery hou.=e of T. F. Minor of tliis city. He 
 is a native of Richmond, and well known among 
 the merchants here, as likewise is Mr. Calligan. 
 A notice of their other affairs will be fonnd on 
 patie l.'iO. 
 
 grain: fked ; troduce commlssiox. 
 
 S.vv.\GE, BEVERiD(iE & Co., commission mer- 
 I'hants and dealers in feed, grain and grass-seed, 
 at 1-15 East Gary street, are successoi's to N. R. 
 Savage & Co., established in 1881. Mr. X. R. 
 Sav.vge of that firm is the head of this one. He 
 is, at present, president of the Richmond Grain 
 and Cotton Exchange. He was confidential 
 man for A. L. Ellett c*c Co., wholesale dry goods, 
 here for years before he started in the commis- 
 sion business. Mr. Beveridge was with Charles 
 L. Todd, in his pi'e.^ent line, before he formed a 
 partnership with Mr. Savage. Mr. E. H. 
 Savage, a son of N. R. Savage, is also a member 
 of the firm. 
 
 Mr. Savage, Si'., manages the finances of the 
 house, and the other two partners supervise the 
 .sales and shipments. The house has, of course, 
 memhership in the Grain and Cotton Exchange 
 
 W. S. FORBES, 
 Wholesale Provision Dealer. 
 
 have a very large trade in Virginia, the Caroli- 
 nas and Georgia, amounting to perhaps :'>0,000,- 
 000 pounds aggregate, or nearly §2,000,000 a 
 year. They carry usually a i>50,000 stock, and 
 do business for the most part througii fifty 
 Ijrokers or more in their trade territory. 
 
 Mr. [Forbes is a director of the Richmond 
 Standard Spike and Iron Company, one of the 
 largest iron works here; of the Virginia Safe 
 Deposit Company ; and the Lynchburg Pulp 
 and I'aper Company. 
 
 DiNEORD & Calligan, merchandise brokers 
 and manufacturers' agents, at 1107 East Cary 
 street (F. B. Dlnford and A. H. Calligan also 
 engaged in the tobacco and tobacconists' sup- 
 plies business at the same place), do a hand- 
 some business as the representatives of some of 
 largest |Nortliern and Eastern concerns having 
 trade in this market. 
 
 Mr. DuNFORi) of the firm is manager of this 
 branch of their business. His portrait accom- 
 panies this matter. He was formerly, for a while, 
 with one of the largest dry goods houses of the 
 city, and up to the time he formed this partner- 
 ship with Mr. Calligan, was with the wholesale 
 
 F, B, DUNFORD, 
 Of Dunford & Calligan, Manufacturers' Agents. 
 
 of the city, and also in the. Chamber of Coji- 
 MERCE, and is recognized thi'oughout Virginia 
 and the Carolinas as one of the solid houses of 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 a25 
 
 the city. Its spefialties are firass-seed and tlour. 
 Its principal brands of flour are the "Chief," 
 "Silver Creek," " Daylight" and "WhiteRose," 
 which are favorites with the trade wherever 
 tliey iiave been introduced and sold. 
 
 , SruLETT & C.\RY are commission merchants of 
 Richmond, making a specialty of the trade in 
 leaf tobacco, grain, forage, cotton, and flour. 
 They own the place they occupy at llo South 
 Twelfth street, and operate, besides their com- 
 mission business, a large warehouse, known 
 as the Old Dominion, which tliey use exclu- 
 sively for the storage of leaf consigned to them. 
 Tiiis warehouse has 7,500 hogsheads' capacity. 
 It is described more in detail in the chapter 
 on tobacco, preceding this (page 124). 
 
 Sublett & Cary were the pioneers in the 
 establishment of Chase City, Va., as a tobacco 
 market. They own the "Banner Warehouse" 
 there, and do a business at that point which 
 contributes in no small measure to the present 
 prosperity of the town. 
 
 As a firm they have been established since 
 1865, and they have acquired, in the course of 
 the long period since, both wealth and stand- 
 ing. They have investments in many local en- 
 terprises, more especially in the real estate and 
 developmental projects which have character- 
 ized the later growth of Richmond. They are 
 largely inte re rested in the North-Side Land Com- 
 pany and the Highland Park suburban imjirove- 
 ments, both of which, as well as the $85,000 iron 
 viaduct which has been built to connect the two 
 with the city, are noticed in this work (p. (S3) 
 under another heading. 
 
 In this upbuilding of Richmond, which is fast 
 transforming its outskirts, this Arm has exten- 
 sively participated, and with profit, we may 
 add, to themselves as well as the community. 
 They are special partners also in the wholesale 
 grocery house of Joliii R. Cary, just described 
 herein. They liave, in short, large capital, 
 resources and patronage; they are enterprising; 
 and they are classed among the leading houses 
 of their line here. 
 
 Mr. .J. F. Jacob is their cashier, and Mr. B. 
 LoKR,\iNE is assistant cashier for them. The 
 house has a firm membership in the Ch.v.mher 
 oi' Commerce. 
 
 Frazer & Tompkins, commission merchants, 
 handling tobacco, flour and foi'age at lOS South 
 Tweltth street, have been about five years in 
 partnership. Both, however, were in the Ijusi- 
 ness with other houses of the same line before 
 that. They have built up for themselves a 
 15 
 
 handsome trade, one aggregating probably $125,- 
 000 a year, and steadily increasing. Tliey travel 
 themselves, soliciting consignments of tobacco 
 from the planters and of grain from farmers, 
 and sell direct to the factories and flour mills of 
 the city. They make liberal advances on con- 
 signments, and furnish grain sacks to order. 
 They handle also considerable Western hay and 
 grain. They also are members of the Chamber 
 OF Commerce. 
 
 Baylor, Green & Co., 1015 Basin Bank, are 
 Southern shippers of hay, grain, flour, meal, 
 mill feed, etc., receiving largely from Chicago 
 and from other Western markets, and shiji- 
 ping to points in the Western States, Virginia 
 and the Carolinas. They occupy a large four- 
 story place here, aflfbrding them ample storage 
 facilities. They have a trade which has been 
 established ten years — for five and a half years 
 under the iirni names of Baylor & Wheelright, 
 and Baylor, Wheelright & Co., and for the past 
 five years as Baylor, Green & Co. 
 
 During these ten years the house has built 
 up a reputation as one giving prompt attention 
 to orders and handling the best goods at lowest 
 prices. In its specialty, seed oats, wheat and rye, 
 it is a leader here. Mr. B. C. Baylor of this 
 firm was in the business in Petersburg before 
 he came here. He is buyer for the house. Mr. 
 Green was a travelling man for Baylor, Wheel- 
 right & Co. He is office and business man of 
 the house. 
 
 RuEBERN T. Jennings, Jr., feed dealer, etc., 
 of 324 Brook avenue, is a native of the city, 
 and has lived here all his life. He was for- 
 merly a clerk in the grocery trade. When he 
 started on his own account, about four years 
 ago, he began in a very small way. He has 
 built up, bow-ever, a first-class trade. He is a 
 dealer in flour, grain, corn, hay and feed. He 
 trades largely with the country people of the 
 environs of the city, aud supplies stables, teams- 
 ters, etc., both in and out of town. He is a 
 man of excellent reputation, and he numbers 
 among his trade the best elements of the city 
 consuming the staples in which he deals. 
 
 Minor & Plunkett, wholesale dealers in pro- 
 duce and commission merchants, of 23 South 
 Thirteenth street, are young men formerly en- 
 gaged in the grocery business in the West End 
 of the city, but established in this line about two 
 years. They are experienced and responsible. 
 They make a specialty of the trade in domestic 
 fruits and vegetables, and especially Florida 
 
•J2G 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 fruits. Tliey are shippers to all points in Ricli- 
 inond's trade territory, and are in receipt of 
 consignments from all parts of tlie Sonth, and 
 also from the North. 
 
 Wii.i.iAM Jenkins &. .Son, commission mer- 
 chants and wholesale dealers in foreign and 
 domestic fruits, at 1440 East Main street, (Wil- 
 liam Jknkixs, Sr. and William .Tknkins, Jr.), 
 have a large trade with the johhing hoiLses an<l 
 retail dealers of the city. They make a s))ecialty 
 of hananas, and are receivers of large quantities 
 of them from Central America and Jamaica 
 chiefly, and shippers of them throughout the 
 trade territory of the city. 
 
 Tills husine.«s was founded in 1850 l)y Mr. 
 Jenkins, Sr. His son was engaged with him 
 for many years before he olitained his interest 
 in IS.S4. Mr. Jenkins, Sr., is a native of Wales, 
 hut he has lived here for forty-three years. lie 
 came to this city first to take a position as sujter- 
 inteinlent of a steel works here, and abandoned 
 that for his present line. At the time of the 
 war, as the only man competent for the work, 
 he was ordered into service for the manufacture 
 of arms — small arms chiefly ; and so, while lie 
 was not in the field, his part in the conflict was 
 highly important. 
 
 This house refers new customers to the Plan- 
 ters National Bank as to its standing and re- 
 sponsibility. 
 
 J. T. Montoomkkv, wholesale dealer in fish, 
 fruits and produce, at 1.509 East Franklin street 
 and No. 15 Fifteenth street, is a planter and 
 shipper of the celebrated York-River oysters, 
 and is an extensive dealer in fruits also from 
 the West Indies and the Mediterranean. He 
 has aliout 40 hands employed here, and more 
 on his oyster plantations on James and York 
 rivers. He is a shipper to all parts of Virginia, 
 West Virginia, Kentucky, and Ohio. 
 
 Mr. Montgomery is a native of York county, 
 Va., but has been a resident here for twenty- 
 two years. He was a mariner before he went 
 into his present line of business, and had seen 
 the greater part of the world while on the sea. 
 He has been successful here, and, besides being 
 interested in shijiping, is the owner of consid- 
 erable real estate. His sons, John S. and Jo- 
 seph Stephen, assist him in the management of 
 the business. 
 
 wholesale liquors. 
 
 Ellison & Hauvey, wholesale dealers in wines 
 and liquors, making a specialty of fine Virginia 
 rye whiskey, at the cp;-ner of Cary and Thir- 
 
 teenth, are established also in New York city, 
 to facilitate their trade with Northern custom- 
 ers, at 704 Broadway. They carry the largest 
 stock of fine liquors of any house in the busi- 
 ness here, and they are the foremost house, be- 
 yond dispute, in their line. They have ordi- 
 narily in stock here, not to speak of what they 
 carry in bond, Sl'5,000 worth of goods ; and, 
 with three men on the road and the reputation 
 acquired during twenty years' establishment, 
 their sales easily aggregate !Sl'00,000 a year. 
 
 Ellison & Harvey's brands of old rye are 
 famous throughout the Carolinas, Virginia, 
 Georgia and Alabama, and are known and ap- 
 preciated likewise in New York, the following 
 especially: "Dictator" (ten years old), "Dur- 
 ham," "Olive Branch," "Old Virginia Re- 
 serve," "Old Shenandoah Valley," and Vir- 
 ginia Club," the last easily identified by its 
 stamp, with the motto of the Old Dominion, 
 " Sic Semper Tyrannis," upon it. 
 
 They have a firm membershi]i in the Cham- 
 ber OF Commerce of Richmoml, and are partici- 
 pants in all the movements instituted by it to 
 further the business interests in the city and its 
 vicinity. 
 
 Frank Miller, wholesale and retail dealer in 
 liijuors and cigars, at 13 North Fourteenth street, 
 under the Exchange Hotel, has been established 
 there since 1873. He makes a specialty of Rhine 
 wines and fine imjiorted liquors and Maryland 
 and Pennsylvania whiskeys. He carries usually 
 a $25,000 stock, and .sells in this city and State 
 and in North Carolina about $H0,000 w-orth a 
 year. He has very large and fine storage 
 cellai's. 
 
 He is a native of Germany, liut has been in 
 liusiness in this city for thirty years. He is a 
 man of property and is an owner of bank stock. 
 He is a director of the West End Building and 
 Loan Association, No. 2, and also of the Virginia 
 Building and Loan Association. 
 
 the retail grocers. 
 
 S. Ullman's Son, dealer in groceries, wines and 
 liquors, at 1820 and 1822 Main street, is the name 
 and style under which IMr. H. S. Waller.stein, 
 successor to Ullman's Son, has continued the 
 the business. This is a house doing business 
 entirely on the cash basis, both in the city and 
 in its field of Virginia and the Carolinas. In- 
 stead of travelling men it has a price-list, which 
 it sends out regularly. Its specialty is the trade 
 inline teas and coflfees, and also the "Silver 
 King" Fluir made by the Minneapolis mills. 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 227 
 
 -Minn. Mr. "Wallergfein is a native of this city, 
 and lias been in the business here for very 
 many years. He bought out Ullman's Son 
 liere about two years ago. He is a member of 
 tlie Chamber of Commerce. 
 
 R. L. Chrlstiax & Co., of 8U East Main 
 street, are leading dealere here in fancy gro- 
 ceries, wines and liquors, making an exclusive 
 specialty of high class goods. They handle, in 
 t':ict, no inferior stock whatever; and they have 
 reputation throughout all this jiart of the coun- 
 try on that account. They have customers all 
 liver tlie United States. 
 
 They have, besides their sales department, a 
 
 diately after the restoration of peace. He directs 
 the sales of the house and does the buying 
 mainly for it. The junior member of the firm, 
 Jlr. J. A. Christian, is his cousin. He manages 
 the finances and office business of the house. 
 He has been in the business ever since he left 
 school, some ten years ago. This house has a 
 membership also in the Chamber of Commerce. 
 
 Cox & Harrison, grocers, of St. Alban's Hall, 
 Third and !Main streets, deserves special mention 
 as a firm of comparatively young but thoroughh- 
 well qualified per.sons in this line of trade. They 
 are well known here as formerly, both of them, 
 with the house of R. L. Christian A Co. Thev 
 
 & HARRISON, GROCERS. 
 
 wine cellar, and a storage cellar for meats and 
 fish on Fifteenth street. They have, altogether 
 (wholesale and retail), a business of perhaps 
 $12.^,000 a year. Many of the jobbing houses 
 here are their customers. They have the bulk 
 of tlie local trade in fine goods. 
 
 They are successors to Christan A White, who 
 had for predecessors Carter & Christian, estab- 
 lished in ISlili. Mr. R. L. Christian', head of the 
 house, has been a resident here since 1848. He 
 was in the di-y goods business here before the 
 war, and entered upon his present line iinme- 
 
 are familiar with the family trade, particularly 
 the fancy grocery business, in all its ins and outs 
 and phases. 
 
 They have laid in a very choice stock, em- 
 bracing everything known to the trade except 
 liquors ; these tliey will not handle. They will 
 make a specialty of fine goods for the people of 
 the fashionable West End. 
 
 They ha\'e, in brief, one of the best stands and 
 finest trades in town. The cut accompanying 
 this matter is a representation of the exterior of 
 their establishment. 
 
228 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 Hkumann Schmidt's " Kuropwui store" occu- 
 pies two plact's licre, one at Fifth and Broad 
 street, Nos. rm and 502, and tlje otlier at 832 
 Ivist Mixin street. Mr. .Schniidt lias been in 
 the ffi-ocery l)usiness tiere' .sinee ISIi."). He makes 
 a speciality of Ibre'ign delicacies, wines and 
 liquore, and imported goods of tlie linest grades. 
 He does business chiefly in the city and State, 
 to the apfjregate of perliaps $75,000 a year. He 
 employs 20 persons, and runs seven delivery 
 wajions. He has the largest wine and li(|Uiir 
 ti-ade of any retail lionse here. 
 
 He has been very successful in the business, 
 and he owns C( )nsiderable real estate here. He is 
 the proprietor of the Tkansparent Ice Works 
 on Canal and Adams streets (page 184), and is 
 also president of the Virginia Building and Loan 
 Association, and a member of the Oha.mukk of 
 
 CoMMKRCE. 
 
 John M. Higcins, wholesale grocer and liijuor 
 dealer of llilO Kast Franklin street, has a great 
 rt'putation for the quality of the goods he handles, 
 more especially for his fine line of domestic and 
 imported licjuors. He has been a resident here 
 since 1860, and for a long time has been a con- 
 spicuous figure in the political life of the city. 
 
 He has been a member of the City Council for 
 eighteen consecutive years, and has been chair- 
 man of its Committee on Lights and other sub- 
 jects. He was the moving spirit, as council- 
 man, in the laying out of Church Hill avenue 
 and in the walling of Shockoe creek. 
 
 He is president also of the Catholic Beneficial 
 Society of Richmond, member of the St. A'in- 
 cent De Taul Society, of McGill's Catholic 
 Fnion, and also of the Irish Catholic Benevo- 
 lent Cnion of the United States. He is, in 
 short, a man of influence in civic mattei-s, and 
 is highly regarded both as a merchant and man. 
 He is of Irish birth, but has been so long a resi- 
 dent liere as to be thoroughly identified in spirit 
 and sentiment with every interest of the com- 
 munity. 
 
 L. T. RoiuoKTsoN, dealer in teas, coftees, sugars, 
 and spices, under the name of the Ca.nton Tka 
 Co.MPAs-v, at (iOO East Broad street, is successor 
 to .Jones, established fifteen years ago. He has 
 been m tlie grocery trade here for many years 
 in other connections. He supplies a large 
 family trade here. He makes a specialty of fine 
 goods, "new-crop" teas, coffee roasted dailv, 
 and sugar at cost. He buys in large quantities 
 himself in New York. He f}oes a cfish trade 
 entirely. 
 
 Pkiddy Brothers, dealers in fmc imported 
 staple and fancy groceries at 717 lOast Bi-cjad 
 street, carry a very complete stock, and are 
 generally concede<l in the trade a first-class 
 house. They handle pretty nearly everything 
 except liquors (wliich they do not deal in at 
 all), and make a specialty of the fashionable 
 trade of the West End of the city. 
 
 The Priddy Brothers are natives of the adjoin- 
 ing county of Hanover, but have been resident 
 here for many years. Both were in the trade 
 with other houses before they started on their 
 own account. 
 
 The (treat Atlantic and Pacific Tea Com- 
 I'ANV has, during the last twenty-two years, 
 established branches all over the Union, from 
 Maine to Florida, and from l)ela\\are to Cali- 
 fornia. Its headquarters ai'e at 35 and 37 
 ^'esey street, New York. From this main Imuse 
 its importations of teas and cofl'ees are distributed 
 through 225 branch estal)lishments all over the 
 country. Handling goods as it does by the 
 cargo and supplying these branches directly, it 
 has no middle man's commission to pay, and 
 this is the main reason these branch stores can 
 sell at such low rates. 
 
 The Richmond liranclies are at 527 Fast Broad 
 street, 1559 East Main street and S21 West Main 
 street. They were established in 1878. Mr. 
 James C. Bowman, the present manager here, 
 has been identified with the company for many 
 years both in this city and New York and New- 
 Jersey. 
 
 The (■ompany deals especially in tea, cnflce, 
 baking powder and sugar, keeping on hand, in- 
 cidently, chocolate, condensed milk and cocoa 
 for the accommodation of customers. House- 
 keepers can obtain sugar from it, in the present 
 conditions of things, at actual cost. 
 
 With every twenty-flve cents' worth of tea, 
 cott'ee or baking powder purchased at these 
 branches, tickets are given, which can be ex- 
 changed by the purchaser for articles of china, 
 glass or table-ware, both useful and ornamental. 
 
 Georcie W. Glass, dealer in line groceries, 
 fruits, vegetaljles, butter, eggs and poultry, at 
 1(508 l<;ast Franklin street, has had experience of 
 several years in his bu.siness, and is qualified 
 thereby to select goods that will give full satis- 
 faction to his customers. lOverything in the 
 vegetable line can be had of hini, fresh and 
 tender, in its season. He makes a specialty of 
 choice grades of fiour, warranted to please the 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 229 
 
 most fastidious bread-maker, and of fruits 
 and poultry, which he handles in such 
 large nuantities that he is enabled to ofler 
 them at but a moderate advance on cost. 
 He supplies many hotels and boarding 
 1 louses of the city as well as families, and 
 he delivers goods purchased of him, not 
 only free, but promptly. 
 
 With his experience, facilities and 
 resources, he flatters himself that he 
 knows how to suit patrons. Grateful 
 fnr the generous support bestowed upon 
 him by the Richmond public, he de- 
 ( lares, in a circular addressed the good 
 jieople of the city, that his motto is 
 "I strive to please" ; and, being some- 
 thing of a poetaster, he expresses him- 
 self in rhyme as follows : 
 
 Be sure when you're buying to give me a caU, 
 For I always endeavor to satisfy all ; 
 Buying of me, your money you save, 
 Compensation in full you certainly have. 
 
 D. L. Grahaji, grocer and liquor dealer, of 
 41 (i West Broad street, was formerly with .\llen 
 ~k Ginter here, and afterwards was a travelling 
 man for the International Cigarette Machine 
 
 D, L, GRAHAM, GROCER. 
 
 Company, of Roanoke, Va. He has but lately 
 estaldished himself; but he is a young man of 
 energy, business qualifications and experience, 
 and is doing exceedingly well. 
 
 uEORGE 7/. GLASS, the Union Maik.jt 
 
 nRY GOons HorsEs. 
 
 M. Mir.LinsKR it Co., wholesale dealers in dry 
 goods and notions, at 1412 Kast Caiy street, oc- 
 cupy there a place of larger dimensions than any 
 house of the kind in the Southern country. 
 They do, probalily, the largest business in their 
 line here, and have few real competitors in their 
 field, the States of Virginia and West Virginia, 
 and the two Carolinas and Tennessee. In this 
 field they have ten travelling men. Their sales 
 in it aggregate $1,000,000 a year ; to make which 
 a $.'M0,000 stock is usually kept on hand, one of 
 great variety, and especially suited to the neces- 
 sities and taste of the people of this section. 
 
 This house was established nearly fifty years 
 ago as a retail house by IM. Mii.iiiiser, its 
 head to-day. He still gives its affairs, espe- 
 cially its finances, attention, although he has 
 other large interests and investments also. It 
 was converted into a .jobbing house soon after 
 the war. 
 
 ;\Ir. S. IIiKSH has lieen a partner in it since 
 1871, and Mr. Millhiser's Sons, (i. and E. Mill- 
 iiisER, since 1869 and 1882, respectively. Mr. 
 Ilirsh is office man of the house, with special 
 management of the notions departments, Mr. 
 G. Millhiser gives his attention to outside 
 concerns with which the house has more or less 
 intimate relations, like the Weisi(;er Ci.othinc; 
 CoMFAXv, of which he is treasurer, the Ricii- 
 MONi> Cedar Works, of which he is president, 
 the house of L. C. Yoixcer, wholesale groceries, 
 and the Milliiiseu JIaxufaiti-rinc; Comcanv, 
 which has 300 hands employed in the manu- 
 facture of boys' shirts, overalls, etc. Mr. E. I\Iill- 
 hiser is buyer of dry goods for his firm. Mr. 
 M. ]\Iillhiseris directorof the Citv Bank of Rich- 
 
2:^0 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 iiKiml, :ui(l of the Wrst ImuI Laiiil Cunipany. 
 He is in other large projects here also. ^Ir. 
 llirsh was one of tlie original promoters, was 
 the first jiresident, and is still a director of the 
 Perpetual Building and Loan Association of this 
 city, a very successful organization ; and Mr. ti. 
 Millhiser has been a director of the Cuamhek 
 oi- CoMMKRcic, and a member of its Committee 
 on Insurance. 
 
 Drkwuy, Hughes & Co., wholefale dealers in 
 dry goods and notions, at 8 to 12 South Twelfth 
 street, is a fii'm name significant in its line, 
 throughout the field of Richmond, of something 
 considerably above mediocrity; it is a name, in 
 fact, which reflects its prestige upon the trade 
 center with which it has been identified for 
 more than fifty years — that is to say, the house 
 has been established that long, and been an 
 important one here all the while. Longer, in- 
 deed, for it was founded in 18-10, which makes 
 it fifty-two years old — more than the average 
 span of humanit)' itself. It was originally the 
 house of Landon, Willingham & Drewry, the 
 Drewry of which was a brother of the head of 
 the house to-day. Major Clay Drewry, who 
 entered the firm in 18.56. His associates in the 
 bnsine.'s are Mr. S. B. Hughes and Mr. .John 
 C. Free.man, gentlemen also of long and rijie. 
 experience in the trade. 
 
 Major Drewi-y began in this business as a boy, 
 and has been in it ever since, excepting dui'ing 
 the war, in which, by hard service under the 
 Stars and Bars, he earned the title by cour- 
 tesy still accorded him. He has been successful 
 in the business, and has acquired b)' it some 
 other interests, among them stock in the Se- 
 curity Savings Bank, of which he is a director ; 
 and in the Home Building Association, in which 
 he holds a similar rank. Mr. Hughes also came 
 here a boy, and was with several of the larger 
 dry-goods houses of the city befoi-e be joined 
 this one. Mr. Freeman was book-keeper for 
 years before he became a partner m it. 
 
 Majoi- Drewry is general buyer for the iiouse; 
 Mr. Hughes superintends the sales and looks 
 after the many outside concerns of so large an 
 establishment; Mr. Freeman is the oflice and 
 credits-man. 
 
 To sum up in a word, this is one of the fore- 
 most dry-goods houses of the South. It usually 
 has on hand a stock valued at $12."),000 to 
 $150,000 ; it has eight men on the road, and 
 20 salesmen altogetlier; its annual business is 
 something like :fiOOO,000. It has reputation as a 
 house displaying an especial variety of samples 
 
 and doing business in straightforwanl and me- 
 tropolitan fashion. 
 
 It has, of course, a membership in the Cham- 
 ber. Major Drewry is a member of one of the 
 most important committees of that body, its 
 Committee on Arbitration. His selection for a 
 position of that kind is an indii'ation of the 
 confidence reposed at once in his judgment and 
 integrity. In that regard, it is an honor that 
 the house shares with him as its head. 
 
 (teougk D. Thaxtos & Co., wholesale dealers 
 in dry goods and notions, at 14 South Fourteenth 
 street, maintain eight men on the road in the 
 two Virginias, the Carolinas, (ieorgia and 
 Tennessee, and do a business that will com- 
 pare favorably with that done by any of their 
 competitors in this field. Their specialties are 
 A'irginia woolens, black and fancy cassimeres, 
 cottonades of all grades, Kentucky jeans, un- 
 derwear and gents' furnishings, white goods, 
 linens, ladies' dress goods, hosieiy, gloves, rib- 
 bons, laces, embroideries, etc.; and they do a 
 particularly big business in piece goods. They 
 carry a stock as complete and varied as any here 
 of the kind. 
 
 They are successors to Blair AThaxton, estab- 
 lished in 1809, of which firm Mr. Thaxton was 
 one. He has been in business here for thirty- 
 six years, always in this same line. His part- 
 ner, Mr. J. O. Martin, has held an interest in 
 the house since 1890. He was a merchant of 
 Chestei'field county before that. 
 
 This house is a member of the Ciiamukk <if 
 Cim.MERCE, and as such a i>articipant in all the 
 movements instituted by that body fm- the 
 furtherance of the business of Richmond and 
 the development of its field in trade. 
 
 FouRQUREAN, Price & Co., dealing in dry 
 goods at the corner Fourth and Broa<l streets, a 
 staunch and progressive firm, has just nrnved into 
 its new, spacious and elegant four-story and base- 
 ment building, built especially for the exjianding 
 business of the house, a modern palace of trade, 
 fronting rtS feet on Broad street, and of ample 
 depth for its purpose; an imposing edifice truly, 
 unequalled by that of any dry-goods house of the 
 city, and with an interior no less attractive than 
 its exterior. AVithin it, on every hand, is dis- 
 played in the richest profusion the choicest, 
 latest and most beautiful novelties this trade 
 afibrds. 
 
 This firm's history traces back to a fountain 
 head and source in the establishment made by 
 the old firm of JNIessrs. Thomas R. Price it Co. 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 231 
 
 long years ago, which, in its day, as this one is 
 now, was as thoroughly representative of the 
 (lry-goo<ls trade as an establishment could well 
 be. Mr. Joseph M. Foukijurean, senior mem- 
 ber, was connected with Messrs. Thomas R. 
 Price & Co. before the war, and on his return, 
 after four years of active army life, formed, 
 with others, the partnership of Cardozo, Four- 
 ijurean & Co. In due course of events that 
 firm passed through the several changes that 
 eventuated in the present concern. It was or- 
 ganized in 1885. 
 
 While Fourqurean, Price & Co. have the 
 
 organized and equipped for handling and con- 
 tinuing the growing liusiness it deservedly en- 
 joys- 
 
 Woodward & Lothrop, dealers in dry goods 
 and notions, at the corner of Broad and Adams 
 streets, occupy there the ground floor of the Ma- 
 sonic Temple, one of the finest buildings in Rich- 
 mond. They are in a new building, and their 
 establishment is appointed in the latest fashion, 
 with all the modern conveniences of their trade, 
 including ladies' reception room, " Lamson cash 
 railway," electric lights, etc. Their place is 74 
 by 120 feet, fitted up handsomely, with cherry 
 
 1 i' n^^ , ^ .l^y^rf 
 
 ■■'" "' " ^"rf^ni II — — ' — 
 
 ^ jifti '■■■ ■ . f _J ^-3EV\y 
 
 FOURQUREAN, PRICE & CO.'S DRY-GOODS ESTABLISHMENT. 
 Fourth and Broad Streets. 
 
 trade of the fashionable and elite of the city, 
 and their large niail-onler department records 
 regularly patrons as far South and South- 
 west as Texas, their place is the resort also 
 for all classes of buyers ; the poor and those 
 in moderate circumstances are made to feel 
 as much at home as the wealthy. The house 
 has a well-established reputation for carrying 
 only the finest goods manufactured in this and 
 foreign markets. The business is conducted 
 on the department system, and is thoroughly 
 
 finish, lighted from three sides, and certainly as 
 attractive a store of the kind as tliere is in Rich- 
 mond, or, for that matter, in the South. 
 
 Messrs. Woodward & Lothrop, proprietors of 
 this establishment, are well-known dry-goods 
 dealers in AVashington. They opened this place 
 here last year as branch of their other business 
 there. They have employed in the parent 
 house over 700 peoi)le, and are pi"opi'ietors of the 
 largest house of the kind South of New York. 
 They have here 100 employes. They carry a 
 
232 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 $150,000 stock, and from pri'spnt a|>|)earanc-es 
 are doing a business in tlie city and its vicinity 
 considerably over $2o0,000 in sales a year. 
 
 The management of this house is in the hands 
 of J. H. OLCorr, business manager, and F. E. 
 Woodward, superintendent, both experienced 
 men. 
 
 Isaac Sycle & Co. are proprietors of the 
 large department house at 303 East Broad 
 street. This house does both a wholesale and 
 retail business in dry goods, fancy goods, car- 
 pets, mattresses, baby carriages, etc. It has 
 thirty-tive departments, and carries a $00,000 
 stock. It lias 25 hands employed, and trade 
 in the Virjjinias, Carolinas and (leorgia to the 
 extent of S10(),000 a year. Its retail depart- 
 
 ISAAC SYCLE, 
 Of Isaac Sycle & Co , Dry Goods. 
 
 ments have a large local patronage. Its Ijusi- 
 ness was established about thirty years ago by 
 Isaac Sycle. The "Co." of the firm is Mr. 
 Meyer Sycle, son of Isaac Sycle, formerly se- 
 nior meml)er, and he is general manager of the 
 business. 
 
 The "Tower" is the name Jii.ii's Sycle & 
 Son, dealers in dry goods, fancy goods and no- 
 tions, at Second and Broad streets, have given 
 tlieir place. Tliey carry a ji50,000 stock, have 
 40 hands employed, and do a business in this 
 city and vicinity of ijil 25,000 to $150,000 a year. 
 The place they occupy was built expressly for 
 them but a short time ago. It is of modern 
 
 construction, of four floors, and is divided into 
 departniints, after the metropolitan manner 
 prevailing in the larger concerns of this kind in 
 the great cities. Its departments are as follows: 
 Dress goods, silks, trimmings, hosiery, laces, 
 handkerchiefs, cassimeres, cloaks, carpets, mat- 
 tings, trunks and lace cuitains. 
 
 This house was established forty years ago by 
 the father of the present proprietors, Julius and 
 Samuel Sycle. They themselves were raised 
 to the business under their father. They are 
 members of the Chamber of Commerce. 
 
 Burnett Lewis, dealer in dry goods, no- 
 tions, and boots and shoes, at 117 East Broad 
 and 1537 East Main street, has been estab- 
 lished in that line on his own account since 
 1885. He began in the business as a boy, and 
 has been in it ever since. He was with H. 
 Asher first, as clerk, and on January 1, lS7<i, 
 acquired an interest, and finally succeeded hi.s 
 early employer. 
 
 Under his management trade has steadily 
 increased, and now he has one of the leading 
 houses here. He carries an exceptionally large 
 and varied stock, and numbers the best people 
 of the city and country adjacent among his cus- 
 tomers. 
 
 He buys his goods in New Yoi'k and other 
 primary markets, and .sells on the lowest mar- 
 gins consistent with profit. He has the agency 
 here of the Old Staten Island Dyeing Estab- 
 lishment, one of the largest and best concerns 
 of the kind in the land. He was born here, has 
 spent his life here, and is held in the highest 
 regard both as a man and mercliant. 
 
 Mrs. L. B. Morris, milliner, of 521 East 
 Broad street, makes that line an exclusive spe- 
 cialty, and has trade in all the South Atlantic 
 States. Her establishment has been notable for 
 so many years as to fairly entitle it to charac- 
 terization as historic. It was begun by Mrs. 
 Barton, and from her was known as the "Bar- 
 ton House" before the war. Mrs. Morris was 
 with Miss McLemore, its proprietress during and 
 after the war, and succeeded to the business her- 
 self twenty-two years ago. 
 
 She employs from 20 to 30 skilled modistes, 
 and turns out work but little if any inferioi' to 
 the Paris modes as fast as tliey appear. She vis- 
 its New York regularly to make purchases and 
 study the styles. Her place is a han<lsomely- 
 fitted up three-story building in tlie midst of 
 the business quarter. Her mail-order depart- 
 ment is thoroughly systematized, and lias lier 
 personal supervision. 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 233 
 
 K Ai'FMAXX & Co., impovtere of millinery and 
 fancy goods, at the corner of Fourth and Broad 
 streets, occupy- the establishment shown in the 
 engraving accompanying this niattei', the lian<l- 
 some modern four-story-and-liasement structure, 
 which is is one of the most impressive on Broad, 
 tlie main retail street of the cily. It is a leading 
 concern here of its line. It is a first-class e.stah- 
 lishment, dealing directly for its purchases witli 
 the mannfacturel's of this country and Europe, 
 carrying a very large stock, employing sixty 
 I lands and having five men on the road in the 
 So\ith between the Potomac and the (iulf and 
 tlic Atlantic and the ^Mississippi. It does a 
 large retail business, but the bulk of its trade 
 is jobliing. It maintains a New York ottice for 
 purchasing purposes at 34 West Third street, in 
 that city. ^Ir. Ike Kauf.mann manages there; 
 Mr. I. H. Kaif.mann, here. He is president of 
 the J. B. Welsh Furniture Company, of this city. 
 The house also has membership in the CnA:MnEu 
 OF Commerce. 
 
 CLOTHINCi AND FURNIsniXG OOOns. 
 
 TiTE Weisiger Clothing Ccoipanv, 3 Gover- 
 noi- street, is the name of a liouse which has 
 recognition as that of the oldest clothing house 
 of the city or State, and as one of the oldest — 
 that is to say, one of the longest-estalilished — 
 of any sort in Richmond. It was established 
 forty-five years ago by the late 0. F. Weisiger, 
 fother of its present head, and was known as 
 
 stored, and the house was thereafter known 
 until its founder's death, February l:!, ISSii, as 
 Weisiger & Co. Weisiger & Tiffanv succeeded 
 
 THE LATE O. F. WEISIGER, 
 Fnunder of the House of the Weisiger Clothing Co. 
 
 the house of Woi'd & Weisiger until some time 
 toward the close of the war. The partnersliii) 
 was reorganized in ISfi."), when peace was re- 
 
 KAUFMANN & CO., 
 Millinery and Fancy Goods, Broad Street. 
 
 that firm, and the Weisiger Clothing Company 
 in turn succeeded them about five years ago. 
 
 Mr. W. H. Weiskjer, president of the com- 
 pany, was senior member of the firm of Weisi- 
 ger i^ TitTany. He is a very enterprising and 
 influential man here, actively concerned in all 
 matters likely to advance the city's interests. 
 The secretary and treasurer of the company 
 is Gu.sTAVt's MiLLHisER, of M. jMillhi.ser & Co., 
 wholesale dry-goods dealers here. The direct- 
 ors are Messrs. AVeisiger and G. Jlillhiser, Cla- 
 rence and E. Millhiser, and Samiwou Hirscli, 
 also of M. Millhiser & Co. 
 
 The Weisiger Clothing Company docs a whole- 
 sale Ijusiness exclusively. It is I'onsidered the 
 largest as well as oldest clothing house in the 
 State, and one of the most substantial in the 
 South. The principals in it are all men of 
 wealtli and important business interests. It 
 takes for field Virginia and West Virginia, the 
 Carolinas, Georgia and Tennessee, and it main- 
 tains eight travelling men in that territory. 
 
 A. Saks & Co, wholesale and retail dealers in 
 clothing, hats, furnishings and shoes, trunks 
 and valises, at 1017 and 1019 Alain street, do the 
 principal retail business of that kind in Rich- 
 mond. They have the largest and finest stock, 
 the handsomest store and the best patronage of 
 any house here. They have trade throughfiut 
 all the South as well as in the city, and the num- 
 ber of tbeir employes, some 40 or 50 at present, 
 is an indication of the breadth of their busi- 
 ness. 
 
234 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 Mr. Saks, ])ropnetor of tlie biisines.s (tlic 
 "Co." of till' linn name liavin<; nominal si}r- 
 nilicance nu'ivly), lias this aiivaiitafie in sefiir- 
 inir liis ''oods : Ilo lias connection with the house 
 
 A K & C, E, SCHAAPS PLACE, Broad Street. 
 
 of Mammerslonf;h, l^aks it Co., of New York, 
 one of the lari;est concerns niamifacturingclolh- 
 iiif; in the country. 
 
 The management of afl'airs here he entiusts 
 to Mr. J. (ians, a man of long experience, not 
 merely in the trade, but in this very house, as 
 assistant to his brother while he was manager, 
 from its foundation np to ISSit. Mr. 
 Saks, however, frequently visits the 
 city to give his business that over- 
 sight which every business requires. 
 He is, therefore, well known, and is, 
 we ma)' add, as well esteemed here. 
 
 Burke's Clothing House, situated 
 at 916 East Main street, and occupy- 
 ing an entire building to itself on that 
 lirincijial thoroughfare, is a branch 
 of one of Baltimore's oldest and b.^st 
 clothing manufacturing houses — a 
 house established in that city in 1S4;>, 
 which has been engaged since in the 
 ]iroduction of tine clothing for sale 
 exclusively through its i-etail branches 
 in the South. Its product, in fact, is 
 never jobbed. 
 
 Tlie.se products are of a material, 
 linish, cut and style far above ordi- 
 nary ready-made clothing. 
 
 The Richmond branch was opened 
 in the spring of 1891. It is very cen- 
 trally located, and is an example of 
 a thoroughly-liglited, fully-eijuipjied 
 and well-managed clothing hon.se. 
 Under the intelligent management 
 of Mr. Rothschild, formerly con- 
 nected with the prosiierons establish- 
 ment of the same name at Norfolk, 
 it has been a grand success. Its 
 straightforward methods have won 
 the popiular confidence ; it has made 
 wonderful progress, and is an illus- 
 tration of what "push," as the busi- 
 ness phrase is, will do. 
 
 \. K. ct C. K. .Sen A A I', dealers in 
 men's furnishings, bicycles, sjiorting 
 goods, etc., at ."il9 East l!road street 
 (the building shown in the engrav- 
 ing accompanying this matter), have 
 a handsomely-appointed three story 
 place, pervaded throughout by an air 
 of prosperity which is striking and 
 unmistakable. In it they carry an 
 csspecially complete stock, with par- 
 ticular attention on the ground floor 
 to gents' furnishings and fine hats, 
 such as the lietter class of trade demands, as 
 well as sporting goods and bicycles and cyclists' 
 wares and goods of all the leading makes. They 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 235 
 
 handle l)icyrles on a large srale, and have two 
 floors set apart for their sale and display. 
 
 They are brothers, and are surcessors to their 
 father, who was estal)lished in the bnsiness they 
 follow here so long ago as 18.53. They I'lave 
 been in the business on their own account for 
 about twelve years. They usually carry a 
 3!25,000 stock, and they sell in the United 
 States and Canada about $.50,000 worth of goods 
 a year. They were the pioneers in the bicycle 
 business here, which line has had their atten- 
 tion for the past twelve years, and in 
 that time they have seen what was at 
 tirst merely a toy or a novelty grow 
 into use as a convenience and neces- 
 sity of life. They have developed, by 
 assiduous attention to this particular 
 business, a trade which makes tlieni 
 the leaders of that line south of Wasl i- 
 ington, D. C, and the patience with 
 whi<'h they have labored to achieve 
 this result has had its full reward. 
 
 They are proprietors also of some 
 valuable rights that have a large sale, 
 among others of the " Staythere " 
 nipple-grip and "Ostergrens' trou- 
 sers' guard" — two inventions that 
 are in great demand all over the 
 country and that are manufactured 
 in large (jaantities by them. In con- 
 junction witli their bicycle depart- 
 ment they run a thoroughly-eiiuipped 
 machine shop, the reputation of wliicl i 
 for thorough work brings them the 
 most dirticult repair jobs from all 
 over the South. 
 
 Stokrs it DuNX (R. B. Stokes ami 
 Wiij.iAM 11. Drxx), merchant tailor.«, 
 of L'l 1 Brciud street, have a place also 
 at !:!l'4 Broadway, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 They commenced at the latter place 
 in ISTil, and started a joint business 
 in Richmond in the spring of 1S79. 
 They make a specialty of the finest 
 work done m their line, using the 
 best fabrics that can be obtained from 
 domestic mills, but make up chiefly 
 flue imported cloths and worsteds. They em- 
 ploy a large force of hands, and have succeeded 
 in estal)lishing a very prosperous liusiness. 
 
 ( )utside their city patronage they have an ex- 
 tensive mail-order department, which fills the 
 orders of customers throughout Virginia and 
 most of the Southern States. 
 
 Mr. Dunn has charge of the liusiness here. 
 Mr. Stokes in Brooklyn. 
 
 Sai.omoxsky & Co., merchant tailors, of If! 
 North Xinth street, have customers all over 
 the United States, chiefly, however, in Rich- 
 mond and Virginia. They have a high rei>uta- 
 tion for the quality of their work. They have 
 been prominent in their line for years. Mr. 
 Salomonsky liegan in the business here in 1805. 
 Mr. Meyer, his nephew, is associated with him. 
 Tlie former directs the finances of the business, 
 the latter the managing and cutting. They 
 handle only flne goods .and do flr.«t class work. 
 
 STOKES & DUNN'S TAILORING ESTABLISHMENT, Btoad btieei 
 
 H. Jacob, dealer in clothing and gi'iits' fur- 
 nishings at 1-447 East Main street, has been a 
 resident here for the last forty years. He jiar- 
 ticipated in the war as one of Stonewall .Tack- 
 sou's brigade, an<l seived three and a lialf years 
 altogether. When the war was over he I'esumed 
 in the same business he had before it — viz., his 
 present line. He cari'ies a large and diversified 
 stock. He has a big p.atronage among the 
 
236 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 rountry iicuplc of tlu' State, aiul liesidcs tlmt 
 lias many city custoiiicrs. He is a man (if siili- 
 stantial rcsonrcos, and is ]>i'0U(l of tlic city 
 with wlinsc <rm\vtli and dcvoloinncnt lie lias 
 liccn idcniilit'd as a hnsincss man »i Icmi;. 
 
 ItATS, I'lltS, HOOTS AN'O SIIIIKS. 
 
 StokI'^ i*i Simmons, jobbers of liats, caps ami 
 furs at 7 South Fourteenth street, have nine men 
 
 * CHARLES H4ASE, 
 
 Broad Stteet Furrier. 
 
 on the road, who, with a stock of $25,000 worth 
 of goods, regularly replenished, to iliaw upon, 
 make an aggregat*' of sales that will compare 
 favorably with those of any competitor doing 
 business in the same field. These salesmen 
 traverse, in the interest of the house, the Vir- 
 ginias and (!arolinas, Kentucky and Tennessee, 
 • ieorgia and Florida ; that is to say, they cover 
 more tlian the ordinary trade tributarie.s of the 
 city. 
 
 Stokes ik Simmons have been established 
 seven years. Both the partners hail long ]iiior 
 experience of the business, however, before they 
 began in it in partnership. They make a spe- 
 cialty of ladies' trimmed hats and straw goods, 
 and have reputation in the trade for the variety 
 they handle, for enterprise and liberality. 
 
 Mr. T. Stokes, senior member of this firm, is 
 president of the Richmond Bureau of Credits. 
 He manages the linances of the house. Mr. \V. 
 I) Simmons, his partner, is the hnyer for it, 
 looks after the sales and attends to all outside 
 matters. 
 
 This firm also has membership in the Ciiam- 
 liER OK Commerce. 
 
 Charles Haase, manufacturer of fancy furs 
 and dealer in all kind of skins, at (lbs Fast 
 Broad street, has been established since IS.'iT. 
 Me announces himself as better prepared in his 
 new ipiarters (those shown in the accompanying 
 cut) than ever before to supply the ijiiblic with 
 all kinds of fancy fur goods, and robes of every 
 description. Otter, beaver, seal.astrachan, lynx, 
 mink and otlier trimmings ; seal, plush and as- 
 trachan garments, made to order, aie his spe- 
 cialty. Repairing is neatly done and satisfac tion 
 guaranteed. 
 
 The WiNoo, Ei.i.EiT & CiU'MP Shoe Compaxy, 
 of KJO.S Main street, is a jobbing bouse originally 
 established as a jiartnersbii) in 1870, and char- 
 tered as a corporation in bSHl, with $l."iO,OflO 
 capital stock. It has ten men on the road, sell- 
 ing everywhere that Richmond has trade, and 
 its aggregate business is something like $."iOO,000 
 a year. 
 
 It has an experienced management. C. E. 
 WiNoo, wlio is a director also in the Citizens 
 l^ank, and a man of experience in the financial 
 concerns of various local enterprises, is its presi- 
 ilent and general manager; J. D. Cki'MT, presi- 
 dent of the Alderson Brown-Stone Comjiany, 
 and an active man in other local business proj- 
 ects, is its secretary and treasurer. The direc- 
 
 WINGO, ELLETT & CRUMP SHOE HOUSE, 
 
 tors, besides these, are Joh.v S. Ellett, presi- 
 dent of the State Bank of Richmond; Jonx R. 
 Caky, wholesale grocer; and A. W. Hankins, 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 237 
 
 who is general travellini; iiiaii for the firm. 
 These are names, all of them, accorded recogni- 
 tion in the business community here as those 
 of enterprising, clever and successful bu.siness 
 men. Mr. Wingo's portrait is' on l>age 214. 
 
 Mr. Crump, of this company, is cliairman of 
 the C'h.\.mber (IF Co.MMERCE Committee on .-Vd- 
 vertising. He brings to that position a ripe 
 judgment and iirogressive spirit. The liouse, of 
 course, has membershij) in that bmly. 
 
 J.K'cii! May &. Son, leading boot and .shoe 
 dealers, (i07 East Broad street, make a specialty 
 of shoes and slijipers for ladies' wear and have 
 the fashionable trade of the city in this line. 
 They occupy a place of two floors, and have a 
 country as well as a city trade to the extent of 
 about 5;.iO,000 total a year. Their country trade 
 is largely done l>y means of their catalogue 
 issued regularly whenever the season changes. 
 
 The principals in the firm are Mr. Jacob M.^v, 
 for forty years a resident here, and his son, Mr. 
 Moses May, the latter raised to the business 
 under his fether and admitted to partnership 
 with him five years ago. He is of decided 
 musical ability. He sings in the choir of the 
 Jewish Synagogue here. His tastes in this 
 direction, however, have not drawn him from 
 business. The mail-order department of this 
 house is especially under his charge. 
 
 This house is one of the best advertisers in 
 the city ; hence, in large measure, its success. 
 
 J. R. GooiiE & .'^ox, dealing in boots and .shoes, 
 at 1.501 East Main street, have a liandsome 
 business built up entirely in the last seven years, 
 and embracing the patronage of the first people 
 of this city and its vicinity, for whom they 
 carry a selected stock of the finest makes pro- 
 duced in the best factories. They do a business 
 of about s3.5,000 a year. Mr. J. K. Goode has 
 been in the trade all his life. His son, Mr. R. 
 N. Gooue, a young man of business ability, has 
 been associated with him since he started his 
 l)resent establishment. Mi-. Goode, Sr., is a 
 man of property, and is of a family which is 
 classed with the oldest and best in this jiart of 
 tlie counti-y. 
 
 They make a specialty of ladies' and gentle- 
 niens' ^'.i.bO shoes for tender feet. 
 
 Hekman C. Boschen is the name under which 
 Mi's. Louise Boscuen and R. Cautiiorn continue 
 the Ijusiness established in ls."i:; by .John H. Bo- 
 schen (lather of the late Herman C. Boschen, 
 deceased, whose widow' Mrs. Boschen is), at 507 
 Broad street. They carry a 8-0,000 stock, and 
 
 do a handsome liusiness there in fine boots and 
 shoes, and in trunks and satchels, witli custom 
 work a specialty ; and the house is vei'y gene- 
 rally regarded one of the best in its line here. 
 Mr. Cauthorn's is a half interest, and the gene- 
 ral management of the business is in bis hands. 
 
 J. R. Teasd.\le, dealer in boots and shoes, of 
 l.")1.5 East Main street, has been a business 
 man here for the last fifteen years. He was 
 formerly in the dry-goods and clothing trade. 
 He is prominent as an Odd Fellow and in social 
 circles here. He has been in his present line 
 since 188.5, and has made a success of it. He 
 has his share of the fashionable trade of the 
 city. His specialty is the "Perfection Adju.st- 
 able" shoe, made by the Consolidated Shoe 
 Comijany, of Lynn, Mass. 
 
 iL Levy, dealer in Ijoots and shoes and 
 trunks, at -15 East Broad .street, has been a 
 manufacturer of boots here for the last fifteen 
 yeare. He is successor to Thompson, estab- 
 lished twenty years ago. He is a native of 
 Virginia ; for many years was in North Carolina 
 in business, but, since 1887, has been perma- 
 nently located here. He does a good business, 
 city and country both, and is increasing it all 
 the while. 
 
 FoKi) & PEA'rKoss, dealers in boots and shoes, 
 trunks and valises, at 417 East Broad street, 
 are successors, through Mr. Ford, to C. L. 
 Siegel, established in 18K(i. Mr, Ford was a 
 partner with Sir. Siegel, and Mr. Peatross 
 bought out the latter in IS'.IO. This house car- 
 ries a $15,000 stock, received nio.stly from the 
 manufacturers of Philadelphia, New York and 
 New England. It does a handsome business. 
 Both the partners are natives of Virginia, ex- 
 lierienced in tlie trade, and well liked by all 
 who have had business relations with them. 
 
 LU.\I1!EK, COAL A.NI) .sro.NE. 
 
 Lyon & Mo.NTAGUE, whole.sale lumber dealers 
 on Ninth street, between Canal and Byrd 
 streets, do a commission business generally for 
 Southern manufacturers selling in this market 
 and in New York. Tiiey have been established 
 about three years, and are selling an avei'age of 
 perhaps 10,000,000 feet a year, chifiy yellow 
 pine. They maintain large sales yards and 
 carry a stock of 60 to 100 I'ar-loads. They are 
 shippers and receivers Ijy both water and rail. 
 
 A. M. Lyon, Jr., and F. L. Montacue are tlie 
 principals in this firm. They were clerks for- 
 
238 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 iiieily in tliis same line. They luive had con- 
 siiU'iuble exiierience of tlic Imsiiiess, and are 
 young men of business ability, eneriry and en- 
 terprise. 
 
 P. \j. CoNiifEST & Co., are wholesale dealers 
 in \'ir;iinia and Xortli Carolina and (Teorgia 
 tiiiilier and lumlier generally, but they make a 
 speeialty of handling railroad ties made of 
 (ieorf.'ia and Florida heart pine, and of Virginia 
 and North Carolina oak and eypress, poplar 
 wood for pulp, and pine eord wood. Througli 
 then- Norfolk hou-e they shi]) largi ly from Norih 
 
 OFFICES OF p. L. CONQUEST & CO.— TIMES BUILDING 
 
 Spoke and Lumber Company, of Bertie eounty, 
 N. C. They own, also, large tracts of timber 
 lands in Virginia and Georgia, from whicli 
 they liave their timber cut and removed liy 
 their railroad and tramways. Thus, besides 
 being buyers generally, they o))erate as pro- 
 ducers also, and work, directly and indirectly, 
 large nuuibers of men and teams, and load over 
 150 vessels per annum. 
 
 This (irm not only puts the very best material 
 into whatever they deal in, but pay strict atten- 
 tion to the way in which every article is manu- 
 factured. No spokes on the market are better 
 made or of better material ; and they 
 can furnish large quantities on short 
 iKjtice from their factoiy at Windsor, 
 X. C. All of their yellow-pine ties 
 are in Southern Georgia and Florida, 
 and no pine ties made from timber 
 growing North ot these points are as 
 good ; this fact, indeed, is fast becom- 
 ing well known to all railroad supply 
 I luyers. 
 
 The three general -iiartners in the 
 lirm are P. L. CoxiiUEST, H. A. T.vhe 
 and O. II. Phrry, and the well-known 
 Richmond tirm of Allison & Addi- 
 son are the special partners. Mr. 
 Conquest resides in Georgia and 
 manages the business there. For a 
 number of years he was a partner 
 in the firm of AV. T. Conquest i^ 
 Sons, of Pliiladelphia, and his ex- 
 perience there gave him a thorough 
 knowledge of both the Northern and 
 Southern markets. Messrs. Tabb 
 and Perry have both had a large 
 and continuous experience during 
 liie past twenty years in all branches 
 of the timber trade. They were 
 large operators prior to their con- 
 nection with this firm. Mr. Tal>l> 
 resides in liichniond and manages 
 the business from their headquarters 
 in the Times Building, rooms 9 
 and 10. Mr. Perry resides in Nor- 
 folk, with office at 10'.) IMain street, and manages 
 their Norfolk and North Carolina business from 
 that point. 
 Their business originated in 1SS2, and was at 
 
 Carolina. For this trade they get their supplies 
 lioth through the canal and over the various 
 railroads centering at that city and Portsmouth. 
 In (icorgia they shiii over their own railroad 
 
 down to their wharf on the tireat Satilla river, , tirst a connection or Southern branch of W. T, 
 from King's ferry down the St. Mary's river, and Conquest & Sons, Philadelphia. The present 
 also from lirunswick. Througli their Richmond partnership art-angement was formed in 1888. 
 house they make regular shipments from all the The cut accompanying this matter shows 
 
 water courses in Eastern Virginia. the building in whicii they have their Ricli- 
 
 This firm owns and operates the Windsor mond offices. 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 239 
 
 A. L. Shkpiierd & Co., wholesale dealers in 
 lumber on lomiiiission, at 17 South Nineteenth 
 street, corner of Cary, have reniai'kahly fine 
 facilities for their business in their personal 
 connections with large lumber-manufacturing 
 concerns of Virginia and North Carolina, and 
 are thus enabled to do a remarkably good busi- 
 ness here in Richmond, and also as shippers to 
 Northern markets of the pine and oak cut in 
 the Southern forests. Jlr. Suei'iikkd, of this 
 firm, is president of the Gumljerry and Jackson 
 Railroad and Lumber Company, of North Caro- 
 lina, and of the J. W. Fuqua Lumber Company, 
 of Surry county, Va. Mr. Philip Meisel, Jr., 
 his partner, is secretary of the Gumberry and 
 Jackson Railroad and Lumber Company, and is 
 largely engaged in the management of that and 
 other large concerns in which Mr. Sheplierd is 
 principal. Mi'. S. is a member of the Ciiamheu 
 OF Co.MJiERCE, and is a director also of the Union 
 Bank. He is a native of Fluvanna county, Va. 
 He has been in the lumber trade here since 
 
 who is now sole [(roprietor. He does a business 
 in this city and State and in North Carolina 
 equal to that of any house of the kind here. 
 He has yards extending from Canal to Byid 
 
 A. L SHEPHERD 
 Of A. L Shepherd & Co , Lumber Dealers 
 
 Tru.max a. P.\rkek & Co., lumber dealers, of 
 Fifth and Canal streets, is one of the oldest 
 firms of that line in tins city. It was estab- 
 lished in 1S52. Mr. Parker is dead, but the old 
 firm name is still retained by his old partner 
 and successor in the business, Mr. W. J. Scott, 
 
 
 \ 
 
 "l 
 
 fsuM 
 
 ■ -f^ 
 
 teC' a^^^^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 3J^k 
 
 tfi«? 
 
 
 fT'W 
 
 f ^-j^^^^^^KKm 
 
 '^N- 
 
 ':^^^gQ 
 
 ■>' 
 
 „■ ^^M| 
 
 W. J. SCOTT, 
 Of Truman A. Parker & Co.. Lumber Dealers. 
 
 streets and on the square opposite that, cover- 
 ing altogether about three acres, and usually 
 carries on hand a $20,000 stock. He is a native 
 of the city, and has lived here all liis life, and 
 he has other business interests in Richmond 
 besides this of the lumber trade. 
 
 Mi'i:ciiY & A-MEs, wholesale and retail lumber 
 dealers, of I'OIO East Broad street (Tiio.mas B. 
 MiKi'iiY and N. T. Ames), do a handsome Imsi- 
 ness, largely with the local builders, Ijut also as 
 shippers to various outside points. They have 
 a large yard, shedded in part, and cany a very 
 full stock of the best grades of lumber, shingles 
 and laths. 
 
 E. M. Foster, lumber dealei-, of l', 4 and (i 
 East Marshall street, has yards there of con- 
 siderable capacity. He enjoys a pretty fair 
 share of the local trade. He has been in the 
 business here for seventeen years. He was a 
 farmer and also a general merchandiser of 
 Amelia and Chesterfield counties before he em- 
 barked in his present line. He liandles build- 
 ers' lumber chiefly. 
 
240 
 
 thp: city on the james. 
 
 S. H. Hawes & Co., coal dealers, of Eighteenth 
 and Cary streets, have an elevator and yards 
 near Twenty-ninth and Dock streets. Tliese 
 yards front .'SOO feet on the river and afibrd ex- 
 cellent landing facilities. Their elevator capacity 
 is ahont .'j,0()0 tons. 
 
 They have also a yard lor retail trade at 
 EiKhlcenth and Cary streets, ami have storage 
 yards at the Chesa|>eake and Ul.io Railroad 
 depot. 
 
 S. II. Hawes & Co. do the largest hnsiness in 
 their line here. Ilnndreds of vessels come uji to 
 their docks to discharge coal and other merchan- 
 dise. They emjiloy ahont •")() hands, and ahont 
 40 teams, and are shippers to all of the .Southern 
 States east of the Mississippi river. They are 
 also large dealers in lime, cement, plaster, etc. 
 
 This house was estahlished in ]S4f>. 
 
 S, H. HAWES & CO.'S COAL YARDS AND ELEVATOR 
 
 Miis. .Tank KiN(i's wholesale and retail ice, 
 coal and wood estalilishnient, at ISll East Cary 
 street, has been a notalile one of Richmond 
 since 1873. It is in its thirty-sixth year. The 
 hoMse was founded in lS5(i by her husband, 
 David King, who was succeeded by John M. 
 Mc(iowan (brother of .Mrs. Jane King). .-Vt the 
 death of Mr. :\IcGowan in 187:], Jlrs. King be- 
 came the owner and assumed full control. Un- 
 der her management the business has increased 
 from the sale of about 1,500 tons of ice in 187:5 
 to about 12,000 tons in 1892. Her sales of coal 
 and wood have grown in like i)roi)ortion, since 
 .she connected this branch of business with the 
 
 old established ice business, which was done 
 about two years ago. 
 
 In busy seasons Mrs. King'sestablishmcnt eiii- 
 l)loys about thirty hands and some thirty or 
 forty horses, with twelve or fourteen wagons to 
 deliver ice, and two coal wagons and three to 
 five coal caiis in delivering coal and wood. 
 This fall (1892) Mrs. King has added a new fea- 
 ture to her ice business. She has taken entire 
 control of the output of one of the largest ice 
 plants in the city (the Hygeia Ice Company's), 
 feeling convinced that the superiority of its 
 product cannot but recommend it to all de- 
 siring pure and healthful ice, for this Hygeia 
 ice is made fi'om pure distilled spring water. 
 The Hygeia's plant is situated on the Richmond, 
 Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad, and ship- 
 ments can be made from it to all parts of Vir- 
 ginia, West Virginia, North 
 and South Carolina, without 
 rehandliug, and at short no- 
 tice. 
 
 yiK. King has associated 
 with her in business her two 
 sons, John M. and James N., 
 who personally look after all 
 tlie details of the business. 
 Her success in the past is to 
 be attributed to the prompt- 
 ness and care taken in all 
 transactions with both cit)' 
 and country jiatrons. Mrs. 
 King is the only lady in the 
 United States who carries 
 on so extensive a business 
 in ice, coal and wood . A n- 
 other notable feature of her 
 business is, that Mrs. King's 
 hou.se is the only one of its 
 kind in Richmond that has 
 not changed in name and 
 management since 187:5. 
 The Elba Coal Yard, situated at 617 West 
 Broad street, is one of the largest supplying the 
 family trade of Richmond. It covers an area 
 of 7o by 200 feet, and does a business of :i,000 
 to ."),000 tons of coal and :;,000 to 5,000 cords of 
 wood a year. Six teams are re(iuired for de- 
 livery purposes by it. 
 
 These yards were established twenty-three 
 years ago by W. S. Pilcher. He died last year, 
 and his widow continued it under the manage- 
 ment of Messrs. E. M. Pilcuer and 0. A. Boyce, 
 who were with Mr. Pilcher for several years, and 
 are exjierienced in the business. 
 
 Mr. Pilcher was State agent also for Morison's 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 241 
 
 English Pills, and this agency is likewise con- 
 tinued by the widow, under Mr. Boyce's man- 
 agement. 
 
 Samuel H. CorrRELL, whose jilace of business 
 is on Broad street, between Eiglitli and Xintli, 
 embarked in tlie fuel trade over fifteen years 
 ago in Richmond, and seems to be content to 
 remain in it so long as his friends and the pub- 
 lic at large continue to place confidence in him 
 and to rely on him for fair dealing toward them. 
 He carries on hand always the Ijest ([uality of 
 anthracite. West Virginia splint, "Fire Creek," 
 "Pocahontas" and "(.Tayton" coals; and also 
 all kinds of wood. 
 
 Mr. Cottrell is also engaged in the street- 
 sprinkling business, as proprietor of what is 
 known as the Richmond Street-Sprinkling 
 CoMP.\NY, an enterprise established Ijy him 
 some ten )-ears ago. He has the latest and 
 most improved sprinkling wagons made. He 
 does not, liowever, let one branch of his busi- 
 ness oversliadow the other. Both have, equally, 
 his closest personal attention. 
 
 Mr. Cottrell's portrait, it will be noted, is one 
 of those in our gallery of the representative 
 business men of the citv. 
 
 The Richmond Ice Company, wholesale deal- 
 ers in Kennebec-river ice on the south side of 
 Dock street, corner of Seventeenth, is successor 
 to Captain A. G. Babcock, who estaljlished 
 himself in that line here in 1866. The com- 
 pany was incorporated in 1881. It has I >2 000 
 capital stock. It handles about 
 20,000 tons of Kennebec ice in the 
 course of a year and 10,000 tons of 
 coal — which business will amount 
 to an aggregate of $lo0,000 a year — 
 and employ's, perhaps, 75 hands. 
 It is a shipper to all points in the 
 Carolinas, the Virginias, Georgia 
 and Tennessee. It has the advan- 
 tage of rail connection and trans- 
 ]iortation by water, is owner of the 
 premises it occupies, and is proprie- 
 tor also of a steam barge for unload- 
 ing shipments made it. 
 
 E. D. Haley is its president and 
 treasurer and A. D. Landekkin its 
 secretary and superintendent. Mr. 
 Haley lives in Gardinei', Me., and is 
 an ice dealer there and in New York. 
 Mr. Landerkin was formerly with the Knicker- 
 bocker Ice Company, of Philadelphia, but has 
 been here for the last eight years. He is a 
 16 
 
 director of the Chamber op Commerce, and is 
 one of the leading spirits in the movements un- 
 dertaken by it and in public atfairs generally. 
 
 SAMUEL H. COTTRELL, 
 Coal Dealer, 
 
 W. J. jMcDowell, wood and coal dealer, of 
 605 West Broad street, supplies the family trade 
 of Richmond and its Munitj He Inndles an 
 
 t 
 
 
 thracite. West Virginia splint, and steam coals, 
 coke, and cord wood, long, sawed and split. He 
 has been in the business here for thirty years. 
 
242 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAIVIES. 
 
 Hi' liHS Ix'i'ii successlul in it, and lie is tlie 
 (iwner of a fanii of 150 acres seven miles out of 
 the eity, which he devotes to the cultivation of 
 fruits, grain and grass. 
 
 E. L. Ford & Brothek, dealers in feed, wood 
 and coal, etc., at l.'iOO West Carj' sti'eet, have 
 not been lonjr established, but they are doing a 
 tirst-rate Inisiness. Thej' are natives of the 
 city, young men, and well known here. They 
 make a specialty of feed stuffs. They ran two 
 teams for their city trade and give eniploynient 
 to several hands the year round. 
 
 SOUTHERN RAILWAY SUPPLY COMPANY'S PLACE 
 
 The Aldehson Brownstone Company, which 
 is operating quarries on a large scale at Al<ler- 
 son, Soniers county, W. Va., has general oltices 
 at Richmond, the residence place of the parties 
 chietiy inttsrested in it. These princiiials are 
 J.\MEs D. Cru.mi", of the "Wingo, EUett & Crump 
 Shoe Company, leading jobb(>rs of boots and 
 shoes, president of the comiiany ; Josiah Ry- 
 
 i.ANi>, of Kyland & Lee, dealers \n pianos and 
 organs, vice-president ; (jeokcie W. Ci-akk, sec- 
 retary and treasurer; Evekett Waddev, whole- 
 sale stationer and printer ; and R. B. Lee, also 
 of Kyland & Lee. Secretary Clark is a gradu- 
 ate of the School of Mines, London, England. 
 The company was organized in 1888 with a 
 capital of $100,000. The quarries have been 
 worked about four years. They are situated 
 about tw'o miles from the line of the Chesa- 
 peake and Ohio Railroad, with whicli they are 
 connected by a gravity track, and are about 
 twenty miles west of the fa- 
 mous Greenbrier White Sul- 
 phur Springs. With from 20 
 to 100 hands employed, ac- . 
 cording to the state of trade, 
 they yield an average of 
 about two car loads a day, 
 which is a very satisfactory 
 business. 
 
 After four years' test by 
 i ' I.^^MI| actual utilization of it, and 
 
 *^ ^<^(^^^^BI compai'ison, scientific and 
 practical, with othei' brown- 
 stones, native and foreign, 
 this Alderson brownstone 
 has been demonstrated the 
 equal in the essentials of 
 ^^ I ., sti-ength, durability, color, 
 "B^I i ■ ' uniform excellence and 
 workable quality of any 
 extant. It has been exten- 
 sively used in this city ; in 
 other parts of Virginia and 
 in Ohio ; in Petersburg and 
 Lynchburg, in this State, 
 especially. Architects, con- 
 tractors and stone-masons 
 all cheer f u 1 1 y contiibute 
 their assurances in testi- 
 mony of its merit. It has 
 j^^— . 11 been shown that it will 
 I^HP ■ J withstand, marvelously 
 well, both heat and frost, 
 
 — -. and, worse than either, a 
 
 moist climate. It has been 
 used for pavements, but is 
 chiefly in demand for steps, lintels and sills, plat- 
 form cornices, column courses, and tnnunings 
 generally, and for quarry-faced ashlar there is no 
 handsomer stone in the I'nited States. Its color 
 approximates the maroon of brick better than 
 any other brownstone. It takes a handsome 
 "bush"; it works without trouble into both re- 
 lievo and incised ornamentation : it carries a fine 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 24-3 
 
 edge for joints ; and is entirely safe for corbels 
 and gargoyles and other architectural embellish- 
 ment. Examples of it in comliination with other 
 materials can be seen in the White, I'.rock, Sto- 
 ver and Reynolds residences at Franklin and 
 Second streets here ; in tlie Habliston, C'ranz, 
 Wirt Taylor, and other fine mansions ; in the 
 exteriors of the new Masonic Temple, and the 
 recently-completed new Planters National Bank. 
 The quarries are provided with a steam equi])- 
 nient, and the company is steadily increasing 
 its facilities, so as to keej) pace with the grow- 
 ing demand for its superior product. Its office 
 here is at 111.") East Main street. It is a mem- 
 i|er of the Ch.^mber. 
 
 line from all parts of tbe world. It is one of the 
 largest sales agents here ami joljber of mining 
 and railroad supplies, bar-iron, grindstones and 
 heavy ware generally. It has four men on the 
 road, and sells everyw'here in the Southern 
 States. It has a lace and leather belting factory 
 at 1717 East Cary street. It is evidence of the 
 intelligent and successful management of this 
 company that the growth of its sales and of the 
 territoi-y covered by it has been veiy rapid. 
 
 This company also holds membershiii in the 
 Chamber. 
 
 Charles E. Hunter, dealer in agricultural 
 implements at 1-528 Main street, is successor to 
 
 
 
 ^^ 
 
 CHAS. E, HUNTER (SUCCESSOR TO H. M. SMITH & CO.) AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT WORKS. 
 
 MAIHINERV, IMPLEMENTS, OILS, HARDWARE, ETC. 
 
 The Soi'THERN Railway Si'pply Company, of 
 I'l South Fourteenth street, has been ten years 
 established. R. S. Archer, superintendent of 
 the Tredegar Iron Works here, is its presi- 
 dent; W. M. Arcber, formerly also with the 
 same company, is vice-president and treasurer ; 
 Levin Jones, secretary. .James Gordon is su- 
 perintendent of its metal depai'tment. This 
 com|>any seldom has less on hand than a $H0,- 
 000 stock, embracing goods and materials of its 
 
 Isaacs. Tower, deceased, and occupies his old 
 stand, a flve-story liuilding, 32 liy 210 feet, which 
 is a]>pointed with elevators and other modern 
 conveniences for a large trade. This is the old 
 stand also of H. M. Smith & Co., of which tirm 
 ^Ir. Tower was a member for years ; so that Mi-. 
 Hunter enjoys the advantages of a long estab- 
 lished trade. 
 
 He is proprietor also of a house of the same 
 character at Petersburg, Va., and by medium of 
 the two, does a very large busine.ss in this State 
 and those of the South Atlantic Coast, every- 
 
244 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 where, fi'oiii Delaware, South. He has heen in 
 the trade luiiiself a lifetime, and lias niiinerous 
 specialties. He wa.s the inventor and orii;inal 
 manufacturer of the only genuine "Farmer's 
 Friend" plow and plow castings at Fredericks- 
 burg, Va., and he is sales agent for the "finest 
 pair of agricultural machines on earth," White- 
 ly's Steel Mower and Whitely's Sohd Steel 
 Binder, and for the Studebaker wagons, Oliver 
 Chilled Plows, the Lone Star and Tiger rakes and 
 tetters, Tiger han-ows, seeders and mowers, 
 and Smith's straw cutters. He handles, in fact, 
 nothing but standard makes of implements, 
 makes wliose merit has been thoroughly demon- 
 strated by time and trial. 
 
 He has a competent staff of employes to assist 
 him, headed liere by Mr. G. H. Hardwicke, 
 who was with Mr. Tower up to the time of his 
 death, and with H. M. Smith & Co. before that, 
 in all some twenty years in the business here. 
 
 BALDWIN Si BROWN'S HARDWARE HOUSE. 
 
 B.M.nwiN & Brown, wholesale and retail deal- 
 ers in hardware, carriage and wagon materials 
 and agricultural implements, at 1543 Main 
 street, constitute a notable partnership — nota- 
 ble for the business they do themselves, for 
 their enterprise, for other concerns in which 
 they are interested, and for the age of tlieir 
 house. It is the oldest of its line here, and 
 was the first exclusively hardware house of the 
 city. 
 
 It was founded in 1802 by John Van Lew. He 
 was accustomed to raft his goods up Shockoe 
 
 creek to the door of 
 succe.ssors in order 
 Van Lew, Baker & 
 (W. W. and George, 
 win & Brown (D. J. 
 Brown), the present 
 proprietors since tl 
 Baldwin's estate in 
 214 introduces the r 
 
 his place of business. His 
 were Van Lew & Taylor, 
 Co.; Baldwin & Brother 
 both deceased); and Bald- 
 Baldwin and George W. 
 firm. They have been tlie 
 le settlement of W. W. 
 1882. A portrait on page 
 eader to the senior mem- 
 
 F EB _il iR ^ ,S^ f^ 
 
 =5iq3|^Tlv^ 
 
 V :'■ ' iTV --- ■ ^- -- - - 
 
 HUNTER & SIMS' HARDWARE HOUSE. 
 
 Iter of the firm. The accompanying cut shows 
 their .sales-rooms, but not the warehouse they 
 maintain across the street. 
 
 Botli the partners were in the business, en- 
 gaged with the house, for many years before 
 they succeeded it. ^Ir. Brown has reputation 
 here as one of the most progressive young busi- 
 nes men of the city. He is vice-president of 
 the Richmond Agricultural Implement Com- 
 pany and general manager of the James River 
 Marl-Bone Phosphate Company. The firm has 
 memljership in the Chamber of Commerce. 
 
 As jobbers of hardware, iron and steel roofing, 
 ready-mixed i>aints and carriage and wagon 
 materials, they maintain a staff of travelling 
 men on the road in Virginia and the Carolinas 
 especially, in which States their trade princi- 
 pally lies. They carry usually a |25,000 stock, 
 and their sales range from $60,000 to .?75,000 a 
 year. Most of their agricultural implement 
 business which formerly was a specialty with 
 them, is now done through the Ricn.MOND Agri- 
 cultural I.MPLEMENT CoMPANV iH wliich they 
 are large stockholders. 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 245 
 
 Hunter & Sims, wholesale and retail dealers in 
 carriage materials and undertakers' supplies, at 
 1415 Main street, have been established since 
 1884. They carry a stock exceptionally complete, 
 have men on the road selling for them in the 
 \'irginias, Carolinas and Georgia, do a very ex- 
 tensive business, and are now enlarging their 
 jiremLses so as to carry additional lines and keep 
 pace with the growth of trade. Mr. J. PI. 
 1 luNTER, Jr., of this firm, is a non-resident. He 
 lives in Caroline county of this State. Mr. H. 
 C. Sims, his partner, is manager of the busi- 
 ness. He has been engaged in it here for the 
 [last twelve years. 
 
 J, L. LINDSAY, 
 Mill Supplies. 
 
 J. L. LiNDS.w, general mill furnisher, of 142(1 
 and 1428 Gary street, whose portrait is an ac- 
 companiment of this matter, although a native 
 of another State, has been a resident of Rich- 
 mond for nearly a quarter of a centurj'. He 
 commenced his present business upwards of 
 twenty years ago with a capital consisting 
 largely of "good horse sense," combined with 
 perseverance and industry, and, at the same 
 time, characteristics of caution and strict integ- 
 rity, which he doubtless inherited from the 
 Scotch side of his parentage. 
 
 He is the only person in Richmond who han- 
 dles cotton and woolen-mill supi>lies, with 
 
 which business he is practically conversant. 
 In connection with it he is agent for a number 
 of the largest and best-known Northern manu- 
 facturers of the highest grades of machinery 
 and supplies, by which means he is enabled to 
 furnish anything that goes into a cotton mill, 
 from a big opener an<l sapper to a little ring 
 traveller or tack. Besides this, ho is perliaps 
 one of the largest handlers of stai'ch in the 
 Southern States. He also carries a large stock 
 of manilla, sisal and jute rope, lath yarn, hide 
 rope, hemp, flax and jute twines, burlaps, toilet 
 paper and Hoyt's toilet fixtures, together with 
 all the standard sizes of strictly high-grade 
 Shultz's rawhide and the "Monarch" oak- 
 tanned rivetless belting, which for electric pur- 
 poses is considered the very best in tlie market: 
 these, together with a large and varied stock 
 of other articles usually found in a tirst-class 
 supjily house. 
 
 
 \ 
 
 jHHbl "^ 
 
 ■ *. 
 
 
 .i«fc 
 
 '^™ 
 
 /k 
 
 
 /k. 
 
 > 
 
 t^fc 
 
 
 *5. 
 
 G. HARVEY CLARKE, 
 Of the ficm of A. B. Clafke & Son, Wholesale Haidware. 
 
 -V. 11 Gl.\rke & So.\, wholesale dealers in 
 hart! ware, cutlery and carriage goods, at 1-540 
 East -Main street, is also a notable house. 
 
 This house was originalU- established by Mr. 
 AiGi-STfs B. Clarke in the year 1852, and 
 though he is the oldest hardware man in this 
 city, he can be found at his office every day. 
 The junior member of the iirm, ^Ir. G. H.^rvev 
 Cl.^rke, who is the geneial manager of the 
 
24G 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 business, has an experience of more than twenty 
 years in the luirdware trade, and is one of the 
 l)est posted men in this line in the city. 
 
 In addition to a larjre city trade tins firm does 
 ajol)l)in<; Imsincss thronjihont the Virginias and 
 Carolinas in hardware, cntlery and carriage 
 goods, of which they carry the largest stock in 
 the State, a stock consisting of shelf and heavy 
 hardware, foreign and American cntlery, Sai'X'en 
 and Warner patent wheels, iron and steel axles, 
 springs of all shapes and patents, like the 
 "Brewster," "Thomas Coil," "Dexter Queen," 
 etc. ; buggy gears, leather and rubber tojis, 
 dashes, hubs, sixikes, rims, shafts and poles ; 
 bolts of all kinds, bar iron and tire steel, cast 
 and soft steel. 
 
 In its de))artment of builders' hardware, 
 which is a distinct line of itself, this firm gives 
 special attention to furnishing the hardware for 
 liotels, public buildings, fine residences, etc. 
 They handle builders' hardware in the most 
 artistic designs, in ornamental and plain bronze, 
 old copper, Bower-Bartf, oxidized silver, gold- 
 plate and other finishes. Their cases of sam- 
 jjles, indeed, are tilled with works of genuine 
 art. 
 
 Some years since the Messrs. Clarke became 
 the general agents for Virginia and North Cai-o- 
 lina for the Imperial chilled plows, and the 
 constantly increasing sales of these plows, as 
 well as the premiums they have taken when- 
 ever entered for competition, attest their supe- 
 rior merits. 
 
 Messrs. Clarke & Son, having been residents 
 ol this city all their lives, know something of 
 the requirements of the trade in this section of 
 the country, and the stock they carry shows 
 that they are endeavoring to meet all demands 
 in this line of business. 
 
 This firm also has membership in the Cham- 
 ber OF Commerce. 
 
 James Mc(traw, manufacturers' agent for and 
 dealer in hardware, railroad contractors', mi- 
 ners' and machinists' supplies, builders' hard- 
 ware, cutlery and tools, at 1442 East Main street, 
 has been established in this line here about 
 twenty-seven years. He has been a resident 
 here for thirty-five years. He owns property 
 here and in the suburbs ; is a director of the 
 Virginia and North Carolina Wheel Company, 
 a large man\ifacturing concern here ; and a 
 member of the Chamber of Commerce. Mr. 
 McGraw, in fact, began here without a dollar. 
 He has reached position, both financial and 
 social, by his own cflbrts. 
 
 He is agent here for the Roland chilled plow, 
 for Bowers' patent reversible slip-shares, and 
 Harvey's stone-cutters', and pavere' and con- 
 fi'actoi's' tools. Mr. William S. Murray, who 
 has been associated with Mr. McGraw for the 
 past thirteen years, has general supervision of 
 the affairs of the house. 
 
 The Smith-Courtxey Company, <lealers in 
 mill supplies and machinery, at 141!t Main 
 street, is successor to the old firm of Snutb & 
 Courtney, which was doing a very large busi- 
 ness here in that line when the company suc- 
 ceeded it. The business originated with Mr. G. 
 A. S.MiTH, who is president of the comi)any, in 
 1873. Mr. T. L. Courtney, Jr., vice-])resident 
 of the company, afterward acquired an inter- 
 est with him, and was one of the old firm that 
 was predecessor to the company. Gordon Wal- 
 lace and S. Milnor Price, both of whom were 
 trusted employes of the firm when it was Smith 
 & Courtney, are treasurer and secretary of the 
 company, respectively. 
 
 The authorized capital stock of this company 
 is JLTiO.OOO, half of which is paid up. It has 
 trade everywhere in the South, east of the Mis- 
 sissippi, has 20 employes here in its warehouse 
 and four men on the road. Its annual business 
 is little, if anything, short of |3.'iO,000. Its spe- 
 cialty is the trade in railroad supplies. Nearly 
 all of the great Southern railroad systems are 
 its customers, either large or small, and many 
 saw mills are supplied by it. 
 
 Mr. Smith, president of this company, is also 
 president of the organization of Confederate 
 Veterans of the Richmond Howitzers. He was 
 one of them during the war, and he left an arm 
 upon the field in testimony of his devotion to 
 the Lost Cause. He is a very prominent busi- 
 ness man, is notable among the members of the 
 Chamber of Commerce, and is one of the direi-- 
 tors of that body. He gives his attention to 
 the business of the house in milling machinery, 
 while Mr. T. L. Courtney, Jr., directs the com- 
 pany's trade with the railroads of the South. 
 The latter is manager of the Hydraulk' Knc.in- 
 EEUiNi; AND Manufacturing Company, of tliis 
 city, which is engaged in the manufacture and 
 sale of Rife's hydraulic engine or ram, else- 
 where described herein. (Page 174.) 
 
 The Fort Wayne Electric Company, of Fort 
 Wayne, Ind., and one of the largest electrical 
 manufacturing construction companies in the 
 land, has a branch here at 819 East Main street, 
 with Maurice W. Thomas as resident manager. 
 
THE CTTY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 247 
 
 This agency was established in the fall of 1891 
 for the purpose of covering, in tlie interest of 
 tlie company, the trade territory of tlie two 
 \'irs;inias, the Carolinas and a part of ^laiyland. 
 A speoiality will be made by it of the trade in 
 electrical supplies and the constra(>tion of arc 
 and incandescent lighting s\'Stems, the former 
 of the Wood plan, and the latter tlie Slattery 
 Induction system, which was jicrfected by this 
 compiiny, and is the most economical and effec- 
 tive in nse. 
 
 This company has su]iphe(i, tbi-ongh its agency 
 here, machiner}' and apparatus for lighting tlic 
 city of Richmond, and has lately completed 
 tliis work. It has also arranged for lighting 
 Waynesboro, Radford, Staunton and Roanoke, 
 Va., and other cities of this part of the country. 
 Manager Thomas was formerly agent here for 
 the Edison Company of Washington, D. C. 
 The Fort AVayne t'ompany has factories at 
 Brooklyn and Fort Wayne, and liranches in the 
 lirincijpal cities in the Union, as well as in the 
 cit3' of llexico, Havana, Cuba, and Toronto, 
 Canada. It has about $10,000,000 invested in 
 its works and has 1,500 hands employed. 
 
 house-keeping goods, etc., is at 409 East Broad 
 street. 
 This house was established September 1, ls44. 
 
 M. A'. THOMAS, 
 Richmond Agent Ft. Wayne Electric Co. 
 
 W.^LTER S. ScBLETT (late of Sublett & Bruce, 
 successoi-s to George W. Subletti, leading dealer 
 in builders' hardware, mechanics' tools, cutlery, 
 
 W. S SUBLETT, Hardware. 
 
 under the name of John T. Sublett & Brother, 
 which was continued until May 1, 1883, when 
 it was changed to George W. Sublett & Co., 
 and five years later to W.\lter S. Suhlett. 
 Thorough knowledge of the business, attention 
 to customers and fair dealing has made fjr it 
 a large and firet-class trade. Its place of busi- 
 ness, 20 by 128 feet in size, is barely sufficient 
 tri contain the extensive and complete stock 
 I'arried by it, consisting of every variety of 
 foreign and domestic hardware — sans, shovels, 
 spades, harvest and agricultural tools, building 
 and machinists' tools, cabinet hardware, chains, 
 carpenter tools, etc. It makes a specialty of 
 fine cutlery— razors, knives, scissors, etc. — and 
 in this branch of the trade can offer special in- 
 ducements to buyers. 
 
 This establishment will compare, both in 
 iiuality of goods kept in stock and amount of 
 business done, with any retail hardware house 
 in the city. It has reputation as an upright and 
 honorable one in all business transactions, and 
 deserving the liberal patronage extended it. 
 And among the many concerns engaged in this 
 line in the city not one occupies a more sub- 
 stantial position than this of Walter S. Sublett. 
 
248 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 Till' Uiisiiicss pursued by Mi'. Sulilelt is oue 
 of such inipoi'tauce, aud so conducive and 
 necessiiry withal, to tlie industrial life of the 
 
 RE BRl L t. H,:r.i,-.,ve 
 
 community, as to be deserving of special atten- 
 tion. Of late years no branch of business has 
 more steadily increased, none developed to such 
 perfection as the hardware trade. This is due 
 to many causes: for one, to the enterprise of 
 the dealers, but more especially to the advance 
 in mechanical science ; for to such perfection 
 has the manufacture of the articles comina un- 
 der the generic term of hardware been brought, 
 that new demands are constantly springing up 
 ■which naturally rouse in the trade a powerful 
 incentive, among all engaged in it, to excel. 
 
 R. E. Bruce & Co., dealers in fine cutlery, 
 builders' hardware, machinists' and carpenters' 
 tools, ready-mixed jjaints, house-furnishing 
 goods, etc., at 51.3 East Broad street (R. E. 
 Bkuce, late of Sublett & Bruce, engaged in this 
 same line here), is a liandsomely-ajipointed and 
 prosperous house, enjoying a large share of the 
 trade of the building contractors of the city 
 and of the local retail trade. Mr. Bruce, head 
 of the house, is an experienced man in the 
 business. He was in it for years here as one of 
 the firm of Sublett & Bruce, wliich dissolved 
 November 1, 1892, and he then embarked in it 
 
 on Ins own account. As a native of the city, 
 so long engaged in business here, he is well and 
 favorably known. 
 
 W. M(;Bain & Co., manufacturers of and 
 dealers in paints, oils and greases, at 108 Vir- 
 ginia street, between Cary and the Richmond 
 and Danville Railroad Depot (William McBain) 
 have been established since .January 1, ISStl. 
 ■Nlr. McP>ain, prior to that time, was in charge of 
 the Standard Oil Company's agency here. He 
 brings a wide experience to his business, and as 
 a resident and business man here for years is en- 
 tirely identified in both a commercial and so- 
 cial way with the city of his adoption. He is 
 a native of Toronto, Canada. 
 
 jNIr. McBain carries a full stock. He has three 
 men on the road in the Virginias, Carolinas and 
 Georgia, and does a business fast rising toward 
 $100,000 a year. His sjiecialty is lubricating oils, 
 and he handles railroad oils largely and oils for 
 cotton mills, electric-light works, etc., and greases 
 for all purposes. 
 
 WILLIAM McBAIN. Oils, 
 
 The Natiox.vl Linseed Oil Co.mp.vsy, which 
 has mills and stations in all parts of the Union, 
 and is, in fact, the largest concern of the kind 
 in the world, has one of these stations or branch 
 distributing agencies here. Its warehouse and 
 tank-car depot is at 7.56 and 7.58 North Seven- 
 teenth street, the buildings shown in the en- 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 249 
 
 graving accompanying this matter, ami the 
 office is 1103 :\rain street, in the Merchants 
 National Banlv Iniilding. The business of the 
 company liere is managed by Mr. D. D. Cum- 
 mins, a man of long and ripe experience in tlie 
 trade. He lias lieen in tlie oil ti-ade for the 
 past ten years with this company an<i others of 
 the West. The territory allotted him embraces 
 the States of Virginia and West Virginia, the 
 Caroliuas, Georgia and Florida. 
 
 The specialty of this company's trade is the 
 sale of raw, boiled and refined linseed oil, oil- 
 cake meal and ground flaxseed. Sales are made 
 through brokers, jobbers and direct from this 
 station. The oil now handled here, the "Na- 
 tional Linseed Oil," is what was formerly known 
 to the trade as the " Hanford-Hall Brands." It 
 has been sold so long in the South that it is 
 standard in that section, and it gives the com- 
 pany the great bulk of the business in this line 
 throughout this part of the counti-y. 
 
 The station on Seventeenth street here, has a 
 Cliesai)eake and Ohio siding leading directly to 
 it. It has storage capacity for about 40,000 gal- 
 lons, and this is the amount usually carried in 
 stock. Correspondence with the Richmond 
 office may be addressed P. O. Box 341. Al] 
 business has prompt attention at the hands of 
 Mr. Cummins. 
 
 Bixsw,\KGER & Co., dealers in liuilders' and 
 ^painters' supplies, at 1426 East Main street, 
 are leaders of their line here, and both the two 
 departments they maintain are established and 
 conducted on a most intelligent and j>i'actical 
 basis, as the large and growing trade they have 
 secured, extending through Richmond's natural 
 territory, namely, the Carolinas, ^'irginias and 
 Tennessee, together with the local contractors' 
 trade of this and the large cities near by (in 
 itself a big item), ftillv attests. 
 
 Their paint department, in which is also em- 
 braced the large stock carried of window glass, 
 of which they are distributors in this section for 
 
 gr aPigriB Sin- 
 
 WAREHOUSE OF THE NATIONAL LINSEED OIL COMPA 
 
 BiNSWANGER & CO., 
 Paints, Oils, Building Material. 
 
 the largest manufiuturcr in the world, namely, 
 the Chambers & McKee Glass Co., is full and 
 complete with all the staples of the best manu- 
 facturers, together with a long line of 
 popular specialties. 
 
 They also manufacture the strictly 
 pure "Old Dominion Prepared Paint." 
 Their builders' department contains 
 a stock of sash, doors, blinds, mould- 
 ings, brackets, builders' hardware, etc., 
 which is the largest in the South, and 
 this department, with its facilities for 
 manufacturing special and odd size 
 work, has received the merited sup- 
 port of the trade. 
 
 They have recently erected a new 
 and spacious store and warerooms, of 
 six floors, 42 by 133 feet, making over 
 33,000 square feet of floor space, op- 
 
250 
 
 THE CITY ON TTIE .TAMES. 
 
 jjosite tlie place tliey have lieietofore occupied. 
 .\n engraving on page 240 shows this new place. 
 Samuel Hinswanc.er, an ol(i resident, is tlie 
 proprietor of tliis establishment with firm-name 
 and style as above. The several departments 
 are in charge of bis sons anil of i'oiii]ielrnt man- 
 agers and foremen. 
 
 T. W. TuiNoK, dealer in sporting goods, o( l.'!12 
 l'".ast Main street, has been established for thir- 
 ty-five years, and his place is a f\ivorit(i resort 
 of the lover.s of field sports in this part of tlie 
 country. He carries a very fine stock, and in 
 the rear has a shop for the repair of fire-arm.s. 
 He is agent for the celebrated "Dead-shot" and 
 other brands of spoiling and lilasting powder. 
 During the war ^Ir. Tignor served the Confede- 
 racy as armorer in the arsenal here. His ex- 
 lierience in the business has, in brief, been 
 lifelong. Corresjiondence from any part of the 
 South receives prompt attention at his bands. 
 
 E. 11. Bakkr's "Metropolitan Tool House,'" 
 b527 Ea-t Main street, does a city, a Virginia, 
 Nortli Carolina and JNIaryland trade generally, 
 ill mechanics' tools, and also in liardware and 
 novelties, both wholesale and retail. Connected 
 with it is a barbers' supply liouse, in which 
 grinding and repairing is neatly done. The spe- 
 cialty of this house is its trade in tools. These are 
 sliip|)ed by it on receipt of price, which price is 
 furnished by means of a price-list sent through 
 the mails. It carries an extremely varied stock. 
 
 Mr. Baker is a Pennsylvanian, and was en- 
 gaged formerly as an auctioneer. His references 
 are the Cottrell-Watkins Hardware Company; 
 M. Ilessberg, findings; the Baughman Station- 
 ery Company; and Long & Riddick, notions. 
 
 M. S. Block ct Co., wholesale dealers in 
 leather and shoe-.store supplies, at b5 South 
 Thirteenth street, have been established in that 
 line here about three years, and have built up 
 for themselves in that time a handsome busi- 
 ness. They cover as field Virginia, the Caro- 
 linas, Georgia, Tennessee, Kentucky, and even 
 ])arts so far away as f )hio and Louisiana. They 
 have four men on the road selling for them, and 
 their sales will equal tho.se of any house doing 
 busiuess in their field. They have 14 hands 
 altogether. They are in direct receipt of sole 
 leather from the New York and Pennsylvania 
 tanneries, and handle upper and harness leather 
 mainly of their own manufacture. These goods 
 of theirs are of exceptional quality, and their 
 trade is steadily increasing. 
 
 Mr. Block of this firm is a native of the 
 adjoining State of Maryland. He is, in the 
 idirase prevalent there, one of the "Blue Hen's 
 Chickens." He has been resident here, and 
 engaged in this business, however, since 18fil. 
 His jiartner, Mr. Haller, is also a A^eteran mer- 
 chant of Richmond. He has been in business 
 here since 18.54, formerly, for many years, as 
 one of the firm of Haller & Fleishman, whole- 
 sale shoe dealers, in which connection he was 
 well and widely known liefore ever he went 
 into bis jiresent line. 
 
 MosELEV & BoiiMER, doing business at 1207 
 East Main street as the Soitiiekn Ruhher Com- 
 pany, are successors to Garcin, ^Mosely & Boh- 
 mer, and through them to Garcin & Mosely, es- 
 tablished in 1880. They do a handsome busi- 
 ness in ruliber goods of every description, and 
 have trade all the way from the Ohio to the 
 Gulf and from the Atlantic to the Mississippi 
 river. Thej' have three men on the road in 
 that field, usually carry a §40,000 stock, and 
 have sales in the iieigbborhood of $12.'i,000 a 
 3'ear. 
 
 They are agents for the American Ruliber 
 Company's fine "Mackintoshes" and other 
 rubber and oil clothing ; for the Boston Rubber 
 Company's rubber boots and shoes ; the Boston 
 Gossamer Rubber Company, and the Lake 
 Shore Rubber AVorks, of Erie, Pa., manufactu- 
 rers of mechanical ruliber goods. They are, in 
 short, the largest concern of the kind in the 
 South. 
 
 The partners in this house are natives of the 
 city, and lioth are pretty well known by reason 
 of other business connections before they went 
 into this line. Mr. W. T. Moseley was formerly 
 of (Jeorge II. Smith & Co., railway supplies; 
 and Mr. H. Bohmer, Jr., his partner, was in 
 the leaf-tobacco trade. Mr. Moseley is president 
 of the Southern Engraving and Stamp Company, 
 of this city ; and Mr. Bohmer is its vice-presi- 
 dent and treasurer. It has quarters in their es- 
 tablishment. Tliey are members of the Cham- 
 ber OF Commerce. 
 
 H. L. Pelouze it Sox, printers' furnishers, 
 maintain a warehouse at l"> Governor street. 
 They have been established here since 1860, 
 that is to say, JNIr. H. L. Peloize has. They 
 carry a $25,000 stock, and sell in A'irginia, the 
 Carolinas, and Alabama and Tennessee, Georgia 
 and Louisiana, perhaps $.")0,000 worth of goods 
 a year. They formerly maintained a type foun- 
 dry liere, but have abandoned it for a sales 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 251 
 
 business entirely. They do a prosjierons Imsi- 
 ness, and Mr. H. ly. Pelouze has accumulated 
 considerable re.=ources by means of it. This 
 firm has a membership in the Chamber of 
 Commerce. 
 
 The Booth Wai.l-Paper Company, 
 of Ninth and Franklin streets, Rich- 
 mond, is an old house and a solid one. 
 It.s business was founded in 1841 by 
 Booth cV; Co. They were succeeded 
 l)y John T. Booth, son of one of the 
 original firm, in 1870. The proprie- 
 tor at present, Mr. Joseph Rinds- 
 liERG, acquired the business by pur- 
 cha.se after the death of John T. 
 Booth in 1889. 
 
 The specialty of the house is the 
 trade in wall jiajiers and ceiling deco- 
 rations, window shades, curtains, etc., 
 of which it carries the largest .«tock in 
 the South. The house has the bes-t 
 trade of the sort here ; it does most 
 of the fine work executed here ; but 
 at tlie same time it can fill orders 
 and do work at as low a figure as any 
 competitor of its field. 
 
 It is sole agent for Sheppai'd, Knapp 
 & Co., of New York, for carpets, and 
 State agents for F. R. Beck & Co.'s 
 "Lincru.sta Walton," a patented wall decoration 
 for relief work in interior finish. 
 
 Its lines of curtain fixtures and window shades 
 are particularly complete. 
 
 Mr. Rindsberg retains in his employ as gene- 
 ral manager, Mr. J. H. Hewitt, a man of ripe 
 experience in the business. He was with the 
 old house of John T. Booth for fifteen years. 
 The house has engaged also a statT of fine work- 
 
 men, among them experts recently brought here 
 from New York city, whose pi'esence enables it 
 to execute the most artistic work as well as it 
 can be done anywhere in the land. 
 
 M. KELLY'S PAPER-STOCK WAREHOUSE. 
 
 BOOTH WALL-PAPER COMPANY'S PLACE 
 
 M. Kelly, of Twentieth street, between Main 
 and Cary, has been twenty-seven yeai's in the 
 junk trade here. He does a business of perhaps 
 $30,000 a year with all parts of the South At- 
 lantic States. He owns his place of busine.ss, 
 and is largely interested in other concerns. He 
 is a director of the Southern Branch Improve- 
 ment Company, of Norfolk, and is also treas- 
 urer of the Capitol Building and Loan A.ssocia- 
 tion, of this city. 
 
 Mr. Kelly pays the highest jiriees for 
 paper stock, old iron and metals, and 
 second-hand articles of all kinds. He 
 is an honest, straightforward and relia- 
 ble man, and he has an excellent repu- 
 tation in this community, in which he 
 has spent the greater jiart of his life. 
 
 STOVES and house FURNISHINGS. 
 
 M. S. Lbidy, dealer in stoves and 
 house-furnishings, and tinner, plumber 
 and gas-fitter, of KiOi) Fast Franklin 
 street, has a three-story sales-rooms 
 there and a warehouse besides, across 
 the street, for his surjilus stock. He 
 does an installment business in stoves 
 
252 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 and house-funiisliings, and in Ins shop execute's 
 contracts for plumbing and tinning work to a 
 very considerable extent. He makes a specialty 
 of the stove business, and handles wood and 
 coal stoves for cooking, gasoline and vapor 
 stoves, and heating stoves- of all kinds. He also 
 repairs stoves, and deals largely in earthen stove- 
 pil>e, glasswaic, wringers, refi'igerators, water- 
 coolers, etc. 
 
 M. S. Leidy, head of this house, is a Pennsyl- 
 vanian by birth. He came here in 18.50 and 
 went into this line of business as a journeyman. 
 1 luring the war he was private in company G, 
 First Virginia regiment of infantry, and was 
 assigned for the most part to the signal (;orps. 
 He began in the business again on his own 
 acctnint immediately after the war was over. 
 His son, Mr. W. K. T.,eidy, assists him in the 
 management of the business. Mr. Leidy, Sr., 
 is a member of the Chamber of Commerce. 
 
 JOHN BOWERS, 
 S10VGS, House-Furnishings, Plumbing, etc. 
 
 .loHN Bowers, wholesale dealer in and manu- 
 facturer of stoves and bouse furnishings, fur- 
 naces, mantels, grates, tiling, refrigerators, tin- 
 ware, etc., and conti-actor for plumbing, gas, 
 water and steam-titting, heating, etc., is estab- 
 lished in the Iron Block, No. 7 Governor street. 
 He does the largest business in this line south of 
 New York. He occupies a six-story building, 
 30 by 117 feet, as sales-rooms, shops and storage 
 
 departments, and maintains besides a yard for 
 storage of drain pipe, tiles, etc., in which he 
 carries a very extensive stock. He has usually 
 (SO hands employed, and has two men on the 
 road in the two Virginias, the Carolinas, and 
 Tennessee, selling for him and .=oliciting orders. 
 Among other plumbing and beating contracts 
 whi<-b have been executed by him the follow- 
 nig, from their importance, deserve special men- 
 tion: The fitting up complete with stoves and 
 ranges, fire-places, plumbing, etc., of hotels at 
 Old Point, Basic City, Covington and Big Stone 
 Gap, Va. ; the steam heating of Hanipden-8yd- 
 ney College and of the Insane Asylums at Mor- 
 ganton, N. C, and Petersburg, Va., and also the 
 pjastern Lunatic Asylum at \Villiamsl)urg, Va. ; 
 the gas-fitting, plumbing and water works in 
 the ottice building of the Newport News Ship 
 Building and Dry Dock Company in Newport 
 News ; the gas and electric light fixtures in the 
 Masonic Temple and Westmoreland and Com- 
 monwealth Clubs here, and in the Exchange Ho- 
 tel ; the steam heating of the Union Depot in this 
 city, and many joljs upon private residences here 
 and in other parts of the State ; and he is now 
 engaged in completing the water and gas fixtures 
 of the new City Hall here, which is one of the 
 linest and costliest jobs in the South. 
 
 ( )f churches which he has fitted up similarly 
 the following are to his credit: The water and 
 gas fittings and heating apparatus of the First 
 Presbyterian Church ; the same for the Second 
 Pnsbyterian and All-Saints Episcopal Cliurches; 
 the tinning, waterworks and gas fixtures, grates 
 and chandeliers, and plumbing complete, of 
 tlie Third Presbyterian Church ; and all the gas 
 and water fixtures and fittings in Grace-Street 
 Presliyterian Church, one of the finest church 
 edifices of the city. 
 
 His appliances and mechanical equipment are 
 of the latest and most complete description. It 
 is doiibtfiil if any house of the Union is better 
 prepared in that respect than bis. 
 
 Mr. Bowers has followed this line of business 
 pretty much all his life. He has been in it here 
 on his own account since 1809, in which year 
 he succeeded Yale, Bowers & Yale. He came 
 to Richmond in July 18.")0, especially to put in 
 operation the first gas works of the citj-. 1 >uring 
 the four years of war he was a government con- 
 tractor, first for the State of ^■irginia and then, 
 after this city became the seat of tlie Confede- 
 rate Government, was contractor-in-chief for 
 the South. As such he man^ifactured, not only 
 canteens, camp kettles, cartridge boxes and 
 meilicine chests for the army of the South, hut 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 253 
 
 gunpowder also ; and he owned and operated 
 at that time the only powder mill in Virginia. 
 He is a member of the Ciiamiser oi- Commerce, 
 and is prominently identified with several of the 
 social and benevolent institutions of the city. 
 
 J. W. Andersox & Co., wholesale and retail 
 dealers in cooking and heating stoves, hollow- 
 ware, grates, fenders, summer jiieces, tinware 
 and house furnishings generally, at SoO JIain 
 street, do a handsome business — that is to say, 
 Mr. Anderson does, for the "Co." of the firm 
 name has nominal significance merely. He is 
 well known here as a young man of excellent 
 business abilities and personal character, who 
 was brought up to the line he is in, and who 
 has mastered it thoroughly. His portrait ac- 
 companies this account of his e.stablishment. 
 
 He makes a specialty of Richmond-made 
 stoves, and is sales agent for the Richmond 
 Stove Company's celebrated stoves, which are 
 the "Lu Lu" and "Richmond" ranges, and 
 which are made in all sizes and styles. He 
 handles heating stoves in endless variety, and 
 also gas and gasoline and oil stoves, and has 
 
 N. Klein, dealer in stoves and house furnish- 
 ings, also conducts a plumbing and gas-fitting 
 establishment at the same place, 620 E. Broad 
 
 J. W. ANDERSON, 
 Stoves and House-Furnishings. 
 
 always in stock one of the finest and fullest 
 lines of house-furnishing goods in the city. 
 
 He also maintains a shop for roofing, plumb- 
 ing and gas-fitting. 
 
 N. KLEIN, 
 Stoves and House-Furnishings. 
 
 Street, a new store 30 by 1.50 recently built for 
 him. He owns the property it occupies. He 
 has the leading i^lace of this sort on Broad street, 
 which is the principal retail thoroughfare of the 
 city. A cut of this place is on this jiage. 
 
 He makes a specialty of plumbing and gas- 
 fitting and putting up heaters and hot-air fur- 
 naces ; and also of gas-heating and cooking 
 stoves, articles of domestic use that are highly 
 recommended by Superintendent Ailams of the 
 City Gas Works. He has been in the business 
 since 1860, and has made himself a reputation 
 as well as money by it. 
 
 AV. S. Wood & Sox, dealers in stoves, tinware, 
 crockery and glassware at 15-12 East Main street, 
 is a name significant here of both age and relia- 
 bility. They occupy a three-story place there, 
 and besides having a mercantile business in the 
 lines mentioned, are engaged also in manufacture 
 as a tin-roofing and gas-fitting establishment. 
 
 The house is one of the oldest of this 
 kind here. It has a high reputation for the 
 reliable character of its work, acquired during 
 fifty years' business, for it has been established 
 since 1842. It was started by the late W. 
 S. Wood, who died three years ago. His son. 
 
254 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 Mr. A. .1. Wool), siureeded him. He carries 
 nsuiiliy a $10,000 stock, uiul does a $30,000 busi- 
 ness in Virginia, Nortli Carolina and in the city 
 of Richmond. He employs 20 hands. 
 
 II. H. Wai,i,.\ck, dealer in china, glassware 
 and household wares genei'ally, at 313 flast 
 Broad sti-cet, is successor to his father, who was 
 a merchant of this line forsomething like tliirty- 
 tivc years at Fredericksburg and here, and was, 
 therefore, one of the oldest dealers in the trade 
 in the State at the time of his demise, some 
 n\onths ago. Mr. Wallace himself was asso- 
 ciated in the management with his father for a 
 long time, and was thoroughly conversant with 
 the trade in all its details before he acquired 
 possession of the house. 
 
 This has been a leading hou.se here from its 
 establishment in 187S. It has been noted for 
 the variety and extent of its stock, and has met 
 with increasing favor at the hands of the public. 
 It has exceptionally complete lines of glassware, 
 silver-plated wares, refrigerators, water-coolers, 
 ornamental wares for mantels and sideboards, 
 like vases, statuary, bronze and Royal Wor- 
 cester wares; and in its specialty, real china and 
 cut-glass wares, has few competitors here. It 
 is, in short, a house conducted upon modern 
 methotls and in metropolitan style, and tliei'e- 
 fore a favorite with the better class of house- 
 keepers in this city and its vicinity. 
 
 Fl'RNTTfRE AND CARPET HOUSES. 
 
 Wii.i.iAiM Dafkkox, mamifacturer of and dealer 
 in furniture and mattresses at 1420, ll.'itiand ll.'JS 
 Main and 22 Governor street, 
 began here in the picture trade 
 in 1SI>7, in a small way, and in 
 course of time drifted from tliat 
 
 into the furniture trade on a moderate scale. He 
 has built up, meanwhile,a business second to none 
 her(> — the largest, in fact, in any of the Sf)uth 
 Atlantic cities. He carries a very large and va- 
 i-ied stock, embracing all the latest designs of 
 furnituie, and he makes fine furniture and u])- 
 holstered goods at his factory, 1420 Main street, 
 where he has about 20 hands employed. He 
 sells in this and adjacent States as far South as 
 Georgia. He has been very successful in busi- 
 ness, and is the owner of considerable West End 
 real estate, and has other interests besides. He 
 is highly respected in this cominunity, in which 
 he has passed more than a ijuarter of a century, 
 for his thrift and business ability. 
 
 G. W. Anderson & Sons, 1204 East Main 
 street, has long been the leading house of Rich- 
 mond in its specialty, the car|)et and wall ]>aper 
 lines. It was established as long ago as l.S4(i by 
 Doggett & Anderson, which was the firm-name 
 until 1870, when the present firm, consisting 
 of G. W. Anderson, one of the original mem 
 bers, and his sons, Charles J. and J. H., suc- 
 ceeded it. 
 
 They do a hand.soine business, not in Rich- 
 mond alone, but throughout the State. The 
 extent of it is indicated l)y the value, ordinarily, 
 of their stock, some $30,000, and by the num- 
 ber of their employes, perhaps .'!0 altogether. 
 Tlieir sales are something like $100,000 a year. 
 For variety and (]uality their stock is scarcely 
 excelled in any of the larger cities. 
 
 Mr, G. W. Anderson has followed this line 
 here since 1838. He is a man of property, and 
 is a director of the City Bank. The sons have 
 been in the business, too, 
 from their boyhood. The 
 firm is a member of the 
 
 
 WILLIAM DAFFRON'S THREE FURNITURE ESTABLISHM 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 255 
 
 Haisliston & Brother, dealers in furniture 
 at Seventh and Jlain streets, is the firm-name 
 under which F. H. and C. D. Hahliston have 
 done bui'iness since 1874. Tlie liouse, however, 
 is one of the oldest in that line in the State. It 
 was established by C. B. and F. II. Ihibliston m 
 1S40. It is a house also doing a handsome liusi- 
 ness, not in tliis city and State only, liut in AVest 
 Virginia and the Caiolinas. Its specialty is tine 
 ottice furniture, upholstenng, mirrors and dra- 
 peries. It is the occupant of a four- story build- 
 ing, of modern architecture, 60 by 150 feet, 
 ■ situated in the heart of the business cjuarter, 
 an engraving of which accompanies this article. 
 The building is one of the most imposing busi- 
 ness strui-tures in the city, in fact ; and in variety 
 and (|uality, the stock carried in it is superior to 
 that of average metropolitan furniture houses. 
 The founders of the business (of whom, as we 
 have said, the senior i)artner was one) came 
 here from Baltimore to establish it, and the 
 house has been continously engaged in tlie 
 trade for fifty-three years, exceptnig during the 
 war, when its principals were at the front un- 
 der General W. H. F. Lee, in the Ninth Vir- 
 ginia cavalry. 
 
 This firm also has membership in the CirAM- 
 liBR OF Commerce. 
 
 
 ^^ ,^%^^, 
 
 in n 
 
 
 Ml^m 
 
 
 HABLISTON & BRO., FURNITURE HOUSE. 
 
 .1. B. Winter, dealer in fine and medium 
 grades of furniture, carijetsand household wares 
 at 40(> East Broad street, carries a stock from 
 which a dwelling of any knid or size can be 
 fitted up complete from cellar to garret. He has 
 furnished throughout some of the finest resi- 
 di'uces of the city, ami he bandies goods suitable 
 
 for persons of moderate means as well. He sells 
 for cash and also on easy payments, and makes 
 Special terms upon special sales. 
 
 His place is on the principal retail thorough- 
 fare of the citv. It is a commodious three-storv 
 
 J B, WINTER. Fuinitute. 
 
 buildmg, in which the goods are artistically dis- 
 played in departments. First of all, on the 
 ground Hoor, is tlie show room for chanilier 
 suits and furniture ; tlien comes a floor on wliich 
 the exhibit is clnefiy parlor suites, lounges, 
 easy chairs and upholstered furniture genei'ally, 
 in as stylish lines as are handled by any house 
 South of Baltimore. On the third floor is a 
 carpet and mattress department, containing 
 Ijrussels, moquettes and ingrains of all descrip- 
 tions, and a big assortment of matting,s. Along 
 witli these is a department of stoves and kitchen 
 furnisliings of tlie best make. This is a sample 
 stock only. A warehouse besides is necessary 
 to carry the full lines handled. 
 
 Mr. Winter buys all his goods fmni the fac- 
 tories cliiefly of the West, whicli is now the 
 recognized seat of tlie furniture and stove-niak int: 
 industries. He has, at all times, on hand a 
 stock complete in every detail. 
 
 Mr. Winter is a native of the city, one of its 
 youngest, large and successful business men. 
 He has not yet reached liis fortieth year, hut lie 
 has shown that he is the possessor of more than 
 
TTTE CITY ON TllE JAMES. 
 
 onlinaiv business qualifications. He started in 
 the furniture business two years aijo by buyinj; 
 out Loth & Guvernator (then about four years 
 established), and since has maintained easily 
 the place of a leader of his line at Richmond. 
 
 Ha.skei.i. tt Haiton, successors to Gately & 
 Haskell, occupy the new three-story building at 
 Ho ICast Broad street, with a very full stock of 
 funiilure and household specialties, ready-made 
 clotliiuj; included, and with a i)lace about twice 
 the size they had fornu'rly, liave i;reatly in- 
 creased facilities. 
 
 
 .*N 
 
 CAPT CHARLES HASKELL, 
 0( Haskell & Hatton, Furnhure. etc. 
 
 Captain Cii.\kles Haskell, of this 
 firm, was formerly junior member of 
 their jiredecessors, and was founder of 
 theVmsiness. He established itinlSSl, 
 in company with Mr. M. R. Gately, of 
 lioston, !\Iass., in a small office at Bal- 
 timore, and from this modest be<;in- 
 ning, as sole manager, succeded in ex- 
 tending tlic trade of the house until it 
 had branches at Washington, 1). C, 
 Pittsburg, Pa., and Richmond. 
 
 Upon Mr. Gately's death and the set- 
 tlenuMit of his estate, his interest was 
 purchased by Mr. Edwaud Hatton, 
 who had been manager of the Rich- 
 mond house, and had made it an excep- 
 
 tionally prosperous establishment. He began 
 with it some ten years ago as collector, and has, 
 therefore, risen from the lowest round of the 
 ladder to a place in tlie firm. 
 
 EDWARD HATTON. Ji. 
 Of Haskell & Hatton, Furniture, etc. 
 
 Haskell & Hatton do a business of from 
 §.50,000 to $7.5,000 a year. They carry a $1.'0,000 
 stock, and employ about twenty hands. Their 
 business in Virginia is especially extensive. 
 
 James Woodall's E.kcelsiok Furnishing 
 House is one of the most prosperous of those 
 here. It is at 909 East Broad street. There is a 
 Viranch of it at 90(i Capitol street. This estal.)lish- 
 
 
 pMlS' 
 
 
 JAMES WOODALL'S HOUSE-FURNISHING ESTABLISHMENT 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 •Joi 
 
 ment contains probably the most miscellaneous 
 and largest assortment of goods, offered on tlie in- 
 stallment plan, to be found here. Mr. Woohall 
 came here twent\--one years ago from his native 
 soil, old England, and was so i)leased with the 
 country that he resolved to stay. He embarked 
 in business in a small way, but has built up 
 rapidly, and has now one of the most flourish- 
 ing concerns of the State. He lives on the place 
 known as "Walnut l/xlge," which is a fruit and 
 stock form, situated three miles east of the city. 
 
 SvDXOK & HrxDLEY (G. B. i^ydnor, Jr., and 
 T. M. Hundley i, leaders in the trade in fine and 
 medium grades of fiimlture at Richmond, are 
 at 709 Broad .street. 
 
 This is a bou.se that lives up to its professions; 
 a house whose announcements may l>e taken for 
 fact. Those who want the latest and best de- 
 signs, at reasonaVjle prices, can find no tetter 
 place than Sydnor <<c Hundley's. 
 
 Their .selections of stock indicate most excel- 
 lent taste and judgment ; and their rapidly- 
 increasing business shows that the public ap- 
 preciates their efforts to please. They make a 
 8i>ecialty of fancy and easy chairs and other ar- 
 ticlesof theirline suitable for birthday and bridal 
 presents. 
 
 PICTUBES, BOOKS, PIANOS. 
 
 A. F. Ckaig, dealer in flue-art pictures, mir- 
 rors, artists' materials, stationerj-, etc., at 115 
 
 East Broad street, calls his place the "Academy 
 of Fine Arts." He is a Pennsylvanian, Vjut has 
 teen a resident here for the last twentv vears. 
 
 GEORGE W. MAYO, Auctioneer, 
 
 17 
 
 A. F. CRAIG, Angsts' Materials, 
 
 He was an artist tefore engaging in his present 
 line, and while he does considerable jxjrtrait 
 painting yet, he gives most of his attention to 
 his mercantile business. 
 
 His place is headquarters for those in this 
 vicinity desiring fine pictures, frames and art 
 material, and especially of the art connoisseurs 
 of the city. He maintains a gallery replete with 
 artistic novelties, and it is his delight to advise 
 and assist those who call on him in the selec- 
 tion of home decorations or objects of art in his 
 line. 
 
 Geobge AV. Mavo, general auctioneer, of 22 
 and 2-f North Ninth street, has been established 
 seven years. He makes a specialty of fiduciary 
 sales, and sales of merchandise, libraries, an- 
 tiijues, paintings, bric-a-brac, etc., and does a 
 business from $30,000 to 1^,000 a year. His 
 place is headquarters for antique furniture, 
 books and curios, more especially those of the 
 Colonial era in the Old Dominion. 
 
 Mr. Mayo is one of the well-known Mayo 
 family whose progenitors were among the foun- 
 ders of this city. His great grandfather, Major 
 William Mayo, laid out the city of Richmond, 
 and his grandfather. Colonel .John Mayo, built 
 the original ilayo's bridge here over the James 
 
258 
 
 THE CITY ON TBffi JAMES. 
 
 river in 17>su. lie has been inspector of tobacco 
 and secretary of tlie State Agricultural Society 
 here, and is well known liimself and very 
 generally esteemed. 
 
 S. J. BiNSWAXcEu, dealer in paints, artists' 
 materials, glass, mouldings, pictures, and photo- 
 graphers' supplies at 213 East Broad street, near 
 Tliird, carries a $20,000 stock. He makes a 
 si)ecialty of the latest art products and of pic- 
 ture frames also, of fresco colors and fancy 
 paints, and he carries tlie largest lines of these 
 in Virginia. 
 
 His place, in fact, is the largest of the kind in 
 the South. A great stimulus has been given to the 
 amateur culture of art hereabouts by his liberal 
 policy of advertising and supplying material at 
 low [irices and in extraordinary variety. His 
 art gallery contains the finest specimens of en- 
 gravings, and oil and water-color work to be 
 seen south of Philadelphia. 
 
 He has two men on the road selling for him 
 throughout the Carolinas and Virginias. He is 
 himself a native of the adjoining State, AVest 
 Virginia. He has been following this line for 
 the last fifteen vears. He is secretary mid treas- 
 
 urer of the J. B. AVelsh Furnituue Manufac- 
 Ti-RiNG Co.Mi'AXY, and is a me.nberof the Cuam- 
 liEu OK Commerce. 
 
 H. M, STARKE & CO. S BOOK-STORE. 
 
 WEST, JOHNSTON & CO.'S BOOK-STORE. 
 
 \Ve.st, Johnston & Co., l.iooksellers, printers 
 and binders, at 911 East Main street, are suc- 
 cessors to the old firm of West & Johnston, 
 which was established in 1860. The present 
 fi rm succeeded it in 1872. This house does a gen- 
 eral book-selling and stationery business, with 
 law- books and copper-plate engraving as a spe- 
 cialty. It occupies two floors, and the stock 
 carried by it is exceptionally complete and 
 vai-ied. ■ It has its trade, for the most part, in 
 A'irgiuia and West Virginia, but also in other 
 ])arts of the South. The principals in it are 
 MoxTROMERY West and Joseph M. Skinner. 
 Mr. West is a nephew of Captain West, one of 
 the founders of the business. Mr. Skinner has 
 been a partner in the house since 1860. Both 
 liave had long experience in the trade. The 
 firm has membership in the Chamber oe Co.m- 
 
 MERCE. 
 
 H. M. Starke & Co., booksellers and sta- 
 tioners, of 909 East Main street, make a specialty 
 of school-books and Sunday-school stationery 
 and literature They carry usually a ?ilO,000 
 stock, and do a large business in Virginia, the 
 Carolinas, Georgia, Alabama and other parts of 
 the.South. They have been long'establishcd. 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 259 
 
 and thf liuad of the house, Mr. H. M. Starke, 
 having been connected with the business of the 
 American Tract Society for years before he 
 started on his own account, has had a special 
 exjierience in the line he is in. lie is a son of 
 Thomas J. Starke, who began in the business 
 here forty years ago and was in it until his 
 death in 1888, and is also his successor. 
 
 Mr. Starke gives particular attention also to 
 the furnishing of school-rooms. He handles 
 desks anil supplies of all kinds. He has agencies 
 for the United States School Furniture Company 
 and the Andrews-Demarest St^'ating Company, 
 manufacturers of church, hall and theater chairs, 
 settees, etc., and has one man on the road pushing 
 his business in this line for him. He carries, in 
 short, the fullest lines of religious and text-books 
 to be found here, and gives particular atten- 
 tion to the matter of furnishing Baptist Sunday- 
 schools with libraries and general supplies. 
 
 The Pre.sbyteri.\x Committee of Pi-bi.k ation 
 of the Southern Presbyterian Churches main- 
 tains a book and tract depository at 1001 INIain 
 street, corner Tenth, which is managed by Kev. 
 .IA.ME.S K. Hazex, D. D., editorof the "Earnest 
 Worker," "Children's Friend" and "Lesson 
 tjuarterly," and by J. D. K. Sleight, business 
 superintendent. 
 
 The depository was established in 1861. It is 
 generally engaged in the business of providing 
 the Sunday-schools of the Southern Presby- 
 terian Churches with Christian literature. It 
 occupies a four-story building, which is owned 
 l)y it. It usually carries a 820,000 stock, and it 
 does a business of perhaps $40,000 a year in the 
 Southern States, and some also with Mexico, 
 South America, China and Japan. Its printing 
 
 is done by contract outside the house. Its real 
 business is selling and iniblishing, but it does a 
 vast amount of charitable work in supplying 
 books to churches and Sunday-schools that lack 
 the funds to buy. It has twelve colporteurs in 
 its service. 
 
 It issued during the past year 14,000 bound 
 volumes; 7,000 tract volumes; 81,000 catechisms; 
 150,000 "Earnest Workers"; 1,010,000 "Chil- 
 dren's Friend " ; 1,800,000 Lesson Papers ; 75,000 
 Quarterlies; and 10,000 I'l-iniary Lessons. 
 
 A Co., 1005 ;\Iain street. 
 
 
 ;^bbl 
 
 HARDMAN PIANOS - 
 
 COMMITTEE 
 
 OF.^PUBLICATION. 
 
 Walter 1). Moses 
 ai'e dealers in pi- 
 anos, organs, 
 sheet music, mu- 
 sic books and ev- 
 erything in the 
 musical line. 
 
 From its prom- 
 inent situation in 
 the principal bus- 
 i n e s s block of 
 Richmond, op- 
 l)0site the Post 
 Office, their store 
 attracts general 
 attention, not un- 
 mingled with ad- 
 miration of its 
 strikinglydistinc- 
 tive style of archi- 
 tecture and its 
 conspicuous front 
 of white andgold. 
 
 Their place, in- 
 side and out, is 
 
 the finest of its kind in the South, and, as Mr. 
 ]\Ioses is the pioneer of the music business in 
 Virginia, it is the oldest house here in that line. 
 The building is 30 by 155 feet, four stories above 
 and two below ground, well lighted and hand- 
 somely fitted with antique oak fixtures and furni- 
 ture throughout. The stock carried in it is never 
 less than §50,000 in value. 
 
 The first floor is divided into three jiarts : 
 The sheet-music and small-instrunient tle|iart-- 
 ment is in front ; then the Steinway, Hardman 
 and Kimball pianos are displa}'ed in everj' style 
 of case work and fancy woods, and in the rear is 
 a long line of offices, significant of the magni- 
 tude of the business done by this concern. 
 
 The second floor contains over 150 parlor or- 
 gans made by Kimball and Story & Clark ; a two- 
 manual pipe organ, built l)y Jardine & Son, and 
 several] of the showy and beautiful Peloubct 
 
 WALTER D. MOSES & CO.'S 
 PIANO HOUSE. 
 
liGO 
 
 THE UlTY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 pipe-reed organs, that are being used so exten- 
 sively in lar<;eclmrclies. Tliese larjie organs are 
 blown by the latest improved eleetric motors. 
 
 The third floor is tilled with seeond-hand 
 pianos and organs, some of which are only 
 slightly used, that are taken in exchange for 
 new instrnments. 
 
 The fourth floor is used for a number of work- 
 sliojjs and tuning rooms, where old instruments 
 of all kinds are entirely renovated, insideandout, 
 even to the reiiolishingof yellow ivory keys. 
 
 Then there is the basement and sub-basement 
 for packing and storage. 
 
 The stock of musical merchandise includes 
 small instruments, musical novelties and the 
 latest music published, and is the largest car- 
 ried by any firm south of Baltimore. Indeed, 
 there are few houses of that city that compare 
 with this at all. 
 
 The five travelling salesmen of the hou.se have 
 Virginia, Noi-th Carolina, Tennessee and West 
 Virginia for their territory, except where the 
 house is represented by branch oftices carrying 
 stock, with local managers. 
 
 Mr. Walter D. Moses is the resident and 
 managing member of the house. Mr. George 
 Davis, of Petersbui'g, Va., is a full partner, with 
 cai>ital invested in it, but takes no direct part 
 in the management. Mr. Moses Ls a native of 
 Richmond. He has been in this line for the 
 last fourteen years, and is thoroughly versed in 
 it in all branches. 
 
 This house does considerable business, it may 
 be added, on the installment plan. 
 
 J. W. Randolpu & Co., book.sellers and sta- 
 tioners, binders and publishers, of 1302 and 1304 
 Main street, have trade "everywhere from 
 Maine to California," as merchants phrase it, 
 but do business chiefly in the Southern States. 
 They have lieen estalilished since 1833. They 
 have about thirty emjiloyes. Their specialty is 
 the publication of law b0(jks and the manufac- 
 ture of blank books. 
 
 Mr. J. W. Randolph, who founded the busi- 
 ness and who for many years was head of the 
 house, has practically retired, by reason of old 
 age, from active participation in the manage- 
 ment. His son, Mr. N. V. Randolph, is, in 
 reality, the proprietor now. He is projirietor 
 also of the Randolph Paper Box Factory (else- 
 where described), one of the largest concei'ns of 
 that kind in the United States, is president of 
 the Virginia State Insurance Company, and has 
 various other imjiortant interests and invest- 
 ments in Richmond and its vicinity. He is a 
 director also of the Chamber of Com.merce, and 
 is the chairman of its Committee on Business 
 Enterprises. 
 
 DRUGGISTS, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL. 
 
 The Broad-Street Pharmacy, situated corner 
 of Fifth and Broad streets, is conducted under 
 the name of T. A. Miller, and is owned bv 
 
 INTERIOR OF T. A. MILLER'S BROAD-STREET PHARMACY. 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 26l 
 
 a ficneral iiartnership, in whicli Turner Asliby 
 an<l Jackson ^Miller are the partners. They are 
 Iioth natives of Culpeper county, this State. 
 .\[r. T. A. Miller, the senior part- 
 ner, is a lull graduate of the Phila- 
 delphia College of Pharmacy, class 
 of 18S3, of fifteen years' exjierience 
 in the business, and he gives his 
 entire time and attention to the af- 
 fairs of the house. He came here 
 aliont live years ago from Danville, 
 \'a., where he had been in the same 
 line for ten years before. Mr. Jack- 
 son Miller holds a responsible posi- 
 tion in the ottice of the Allen & 
 < i inter branch of the American To- 
 bacco Company. He looks after the 
 11 nances of his firm. 
 
 The Broad Street Pharmacy has 
 a large prescription trade, and it 
 makes a siJecialty of soda and mine- 
 ral watere, cigars, tobacco, pipes 
 and smokera' articles, perfumery 
 and fancy toilet articles. The firm 
 is agent for the Chase City chlo- 
 ride, calcium and Lithia waters — two that ai'e 
 curative of eczema, sores and scrofulous atiec- 
 tions, dyspepsia, kidney troubles, etc. Pam- 
 phlets and information concerning them will be 
 furnished by it on application. 
 
 This was the first drug store of the city to 
 keep its doors open all night. It is the uptown 
 ottice also of the Richmond Di.ipntch. Its work- 
 ing force numbers eight — two registered phar- 
 macists besides Mr. T. A. Miller, three clerks 
 and two porters. 
 
 AV. P. PoYTHRESs & Co., drtiggists and phar- 
 macists, of 919 Jlain street (William P. Poy- 
 thress, the "Co." of the firm being nominal 
 merely), are successors to Meade & Baker, estab- 
 lished liere in 1856. Mr. Poythress was with 
 that firm for twenty-eight years before he began 
 -^n his own account. He began with them as a 
 boy, and was with them until he succeeded 
 them in March, 18V)2. He will give his attention 
 to the prescription trade, and will carry, as his 
 predecessors did, a large and varied stock of 
 pharmaceutical preparations. He is eminently 
 q\ialifled for the business. 
 
 A. H. Ronixs, druggLst and pharmacist, of 
 Second and Marsliall streets, lias been estab- 
 lished in that line here since ISfifi. He does a 
 very handsome prescription business, and is a 
 manufacturerof a number of proprietary articles. 
 
 among others, "Soothing Balm" for chapped 
 skin; "Aromatic Phosphate," a brain and 
 nerve food; "Phlorizine Cough Syrup"; "Copo- 
 
 A. H. ROBINS DRUG STORE 
 
 done Liver Pills" ; "Beef, Iron and Wine," "Aro- 
 matic Tonic Bitters"; "Pearl Gloss" tooth- 
 powder; "Ringworm Lotion;" "Poison Oak 
 Lotion"; "Iodide of Sarsaparilla", etc. These 
 specialties find ready sale here, and also in all 
 the country adjacent to the city. He can fur- 
 nish besides, upon short notice, every article 
 and remedy needed in sickness, of the best 
 quality and in quantity to suit. 
 
 Mr. Robins is a native of Gloucester county, 
 but has been a resident here pretty much all his 
 life, except during his service in Mahone's 
 Brigade from '61 to '05. He was with the old 
 house of ^leade & Baker prior to the war. 
 
 L. Wagxer, wholesale and retail dealer and 
 importing druggist, of Sixth and Broad streets, 
 has followed that line here since his twenty- 
 first year continuously, the four years of the 
 war excepted, during which time he served in 
 the Confederate army. He has been a director 
 of the State Central Lunatic Asylum, and also 
 was, for more than fourteen yeara, a member of 
 the City Council. 
 
 He mastered the drug business here in his 
 youth. He has a handsome trade, particularly 
 in chemical and pharmaceutical iireparations, 
 fancy and fine toilet goods, rubber goods, and 
 druggists' sundries of the best home and foreign 
 make. He imports, also, some of the finest 
 Kan de Cologne and otlier goods direct from 
 
262 
 
 l-'HE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 Geniiiiny, aufl his pivpiirations, the Coniiiound 
 Synip of Ilypophosphites and " Oreani of Al- 
 monds," arc considered standanl in tliis market. 
 A long and successful husiness career, extt'ud- 
 ing over thirty-four years, has made his estab- 
 lishment one of the best and most substantial 
 in the State. 
 
 :lp!'»'lriR''WP Tf. .ffi 
 
 , Bill IP 
 
 4., 
 
 PURCELL, LADD & CO.'S ESTABLISHMENT, 
 
 PuRCELL, Labd & Co., wholesale druggists, at 
 5 Governor street, is the leading drug house in 
 the State, and is the oldest jobbing house of its 
 line in the South. It occupies a place 30 by 150 
 feet, of six floors, and has a three-story ware- 
 house in the rear besides forits heavy goodsau'l 
 surplus stock. It carries usually ifiOOjOOO worth 
 of stock on liand, and handles, perhaps, five 
 times as much in annual sales. It has three 
 men on the road traversing the two Virginias, 
 the Carolinas, Georgia and Tennessee. It lias 
 twenty- nine employes altogether, and is, in 
 fact, a house of the very first order in resources, 
 reputation and trade. 
 
 U was established in 1S40 by Mr. John Pur- 
 CKi.i> who is still actively identified with its 
 management. He is now in his seventy-sixth 
 year, and is enjoying the fi-uits of a well-spent 
 life. His son, Mr. John B. Pukcell, distin- 
 guished here as a bank director, and as the 
 last president of the Chamber of CoMirERCE, 
 is a.ssociated with him in the management. Mr. 
 .Tohn 1$. i'urcell is interested in many local en- 
 terprises, and is one of the most ac-tive and 
 capable business men in Richmond. He has 
 been one of this tirm for twenty-five years — was 
 
 brought up in the business, in fact, and knows 
 it in its every detail. 
 
 The stock liandled by this house embraces, 
 liosides drugs, chemicals and druggists' sundries 
 of all sorts, paints also and mineral waters. 
 The house has the agency for all the principal 
 Virginia springs waters, the healing properties 
 of which are known the world over. It deals, 
 also, in standard dyes and varnishes, and in oils 
 of all kinds. It is Southern agency for Marx & 
 liawolle's Chemically Pure Glycerine, so well 
 known to manufacturers of tobacco, and it im- 
 ports largely of olive oils for manufacturing and 
 table purposes. 
 
 R. G. Cabell, ,Tr., & Co.'s handsome drug store 
 IS shown by an interior illustration on this page. 
 It is at the corner of Third and Main streets. 
 This firm has for its members R. G. Cabell, 
 .Ir., M. 1)., and T. Wilber Cjielf, Ph. G., drug- 
 gists and (•hemists, who are also proprietors, 
 under the firm name of Cabell & Ciielf, of a 
 branch store at 106 North Pine street, lietween 
 Franklin and Grace streets. 
 
 Dr. E. G. Cabell, Jr., has always resided in 
 this city, and is a graduate of the Medical Col- 
 lege of Virginia. After several years' hosjiital 
 experience, he was appointed assistant superin- 
 tendent of the Central Lunatic Asylum, where 
 he discharged his duties till 1886, when he aban- 
 doned his profession and entered the drug busi- 
 ness. Mr. T. Wither Chelf is a Virginian also 
 by birth, who, after completing his apprentice- 
 
 R. G. CABELL, Jr,, & CO,'S DRUG STORE, 
 
 ship in Baltimore, graduated from the Mary- 
 land College of Pharmacy, soon after which he 
 came to this city and, in partnership with Dr. 
 Cabell, established the present firm at 223 East 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 263 
 
 Main street, and in 1891 starleil with liim llicir 
 branch store. 
 
 They have the largest retail estahli.'^lnnent in 
 the city. They carry a complete stock in both 
 places, embracing foreign and domestic chemi- 
 cals and drugs, rubber and bristle goods, phar- 
 maceutical and proprietary articles, tobaccos, 
 imported and domestic cigars, mineral water, 
 etc.; in fact, everytliing usually kei>t in a first- 
 class drug and chemist's stoi'e. They make a 
 specialty of Htting trusses, suspensories an<! 
 female supporters ; also of eye-glasses and spec- 
 tacles. Tliev have a State as well as citv trade, 
 
 studies tirst for llie medical profession, but 
 abandoned that pursuit on account of failing 
 eye-sight, and has devoted himself entirely to 
 the drug trade. He carries a very complete 
 assortment of homccopathic medicines and 
 liandles all tlie standard remedies of that 
 classification. 
 
 .lEWRLHY STORKS. 
 
 I). r>rcH.\NAN's jewelry establishment, at HI 
 East Biviad street, is one of the finest and most 
 attractive in the South. It is handsomely fitted 
 up, and it contains a stock as complete and as 
 
 INTERIOR OF D BUCHANAN S JEWELRY STORE 
 
 and ilo a large prescriiition business, which de- 
 partment is always in charge, both day and 
 night, of a graduate in pharmacy. 
 
 Persons visiting the city will do well to call 
 on them when in need of anything in their line. 
 
 R. Powell Dunn, druggist, of 705 East Main 
 street, is a dealer entirely in homceopathic reme- 
 dies, and is a pharmacist registered by the State 
 Board of Virginia. He is an Englishman, but 
 has lived here for twenty years. He began 
 
 varied as any of the best concerns of the kind 
 in the leading cities. 
 
 The Keystone, a journal of the jewelry inter- 
 est with a circulation in the country at large, 
 makes special mention of Mr. Buchanan and 
 his establishment in a recent issue, in the fol- 
 lowing terms : 
 
 "Mr. D. Buchanan's store, on East Broad 
 street, Richmond, is distinguished for its wealth 
 of mirrors, fine jilate-glass show cases, and ar- 
 tistic display of stock. There are no less than 
 
264 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 nineteen displaj' cases, nine counter cases, nine 
 wall cases, and a very large center case, in it. 
 These rer|uire a store 100 feet deep to accommo- 
 date tlieni. The place is further set off liy six- 
 teen line French plate mirrors, and two very 
 large ones of the same description so placed 
 tliat, from almost any standpoint, the interior 
 is seemingly duplicated by the reflection from 
 these ; the whole producing an impression cal- 
 culated to arrest the dullest eye. 
 
 "A view of the interior of this fine store, ac- 
 companying this matter (page '2(y.'<), serves to con- 
 vey to the reader something of its attractions. 
 
 " INI r .lluchanan carries in this place $35,000 
 
 of ten years, and at twelve was at the watch- 
 board repairing time-pieces and jewelry. He 
 began in tlie business on his own account while 
 still a young man in the same city, and re- 
 mained in it there until 1871, when failing 
 health induced him to come over the water for 
 a change of climate. He brought his family 
 here, and was for eight years resident on a large 
 farm in Lunenburg county, Va., and until lie 
 and his family tired of country life. Then he 
 opened a jewelry store in Petersburg. That 
 was in 1S7!I, and in 1885 he removed here, leav- 
 ing his two sons to continue in the 'Cockade 
 City of the Old Dominion,' as I'etersburg de- 
 
 NTERIOR OF SPOTT & SPOTT'S JEWELRY STORE, BROAD STREET. 
 
 to $40,000 of stock, and gives special attention 
 f« the repairing of fine watches, in which he is 
 adept. He has been in the business for fifty- 
 three years— for seven years of that time in the 
 City on the James. 
 
 " He is of Scotch birth, but has been resident 
 so long in Virginia as to be thoroughly identi- 
 fied in spirit and sentiment with its people, and 
 he ha,s property interests that bind him to it as 
 well. He mastered his trade in his native cit)-, 
 (ilasgow, under his brother Robert, a jeweler 
 of that place. He began in it at the early age 
 
 lights to be called. He has, as we have inti- 
 mated, been exceptionally successful in Rich- 
 mond, and his place is a favorite with the jew- 
 elry buyers of that important Southern burg." 
 
 Spott & Spott, manufacturing jewelers, of 405 
 East Broad street, are father and son, Mr. 
 Ch.\rles Spott, Sr., the father, established the 
 business of the house in 1854. Mr. CH.\rvi.ic,s 
 Spott, .Jr., has been a partner in it since 18S!). 
 They are leading manufacturing jewelers of the 
 city, and as such they have trade in Georgia 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 2or) 
 
 and the Carolinas as well as in this State. They 
 supply jewelers everywhere in these States. 
 Tliey carry, besides, a general stock of watches 
 and jewelry, silverware, etc. Their place is 
 handsomely fitted up, and they make an ele- 
 gant display in it. A cut of its interior is on 
 page 2ti4. Mr. Spott, Sr., manages the me- 
 chanical departments ; his son is manager of 
 the sales departments. They carry a $20,000 
 stock, and sell about 
 ^.30,000 worth a year. 
 
 W. A. Spott & Son, 
 watch-makers and jew- 
 elers, of 1102 East Main 
 street, is a house known 
 in the trade as a leading 
 Southern house. It is 
 an old one also. 
 
 Its business was estab- 
 lished in 1848 by the 
 late \y. A. Spott. A 
 year later it became 
 Spott it Milling, and so 
 continued until Mr. Mil- 
 ling was lost at sea in 
 September, 1856, by the 
 sinking of the steamer 
 Austria. Mr. \V. A. 
 Spott was then sole pro- 
 prietor for thirty-five 
 years, and until a few 
 months brfore his death. 
 
 Hi.s son, Mr. Y. E. A. 
 Spott, had been asso- 
 ciated in the business 
 for many years, and was 
 admitted to a full part- 
 nership at the beginning 
 of 1891. Mr. .'<pott, Sr., 
 died in September of 
 that year, and Mr. X. 
 E. A. Spott then became 
 sole pnjprietor of a very 
 profitable business. 
 
 His place is, as the en- 
 graving accompanying 
 this matter shows, hand- 
 somely fitted up. The 
 display it makes of crystal plate, French mir- 
 rors and burnished plating, not to speak of its 
 stock of fine watches, jewelry, gems of every 
 description and articles de hixe, justifies the 
 figure of speech by which it is denominated the 
 "Richmond Diamond Palace." It is an estab- 
 lishment first class in every particular. It has 
 comix'tent men employed to do watch work 
 
 and repairing. Mr. Spott is, by long experi- 
 ence, familiar with the trade in all its bearings, 
 and is regarded by all who ha\'e had dealings 
 with him a tliorough business man. 
 
 C. Lr.MsnE.N i<: Sox, watch-makers, jewelere 
 and opticians, of 7ol East JNIain strjet, date 
 from an establishment made in 183.5 by C. 
 Lumsden, the father of the present proprietor, 
 
 INTERIOR OF W, A SPOTT & SON'S JEWELRY STORE, MAIN STREET. 
 
 who was a partner in the house for twelve years 
 before the death of the original founder in 1888. 
 He is a native of Petereburg, but came here 
 when quite young, and has made this city 
 his home ever since. He is a member of the 
 Chamber of Co.mmerce, and rated with the 
 most substantial men of his line here. 
 He was raised to the business under his father 
 
•J(j() 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 and is llioroiiglily iiroficioiit in it. He has cus- 
 loniei-s all over the State. His .<i)ecialties are 
 fine watches and fa.«hionable designs in jewelry, 
 weddin}.' and lioliday presents and niiported 
 ncivelties. 
 
 In lii.s optical department he makes a spe- 
 lialtyjof littinf; eye-glasses and spectacles. He 
 has a de|>artnicnl in which line watches arc re- 
 paired and a<l,iusled also. 
 
 A. V. Jamnke, watch-maker and jeweler and 
 optician, of itl2 Kast Main street, mastered his 
 trade in ( icrmany. In 1852, on September 1, he 
 came here. He began on his own account here, 
 in 1S.')S, in partnership with S. A. Myers. He 
 acquired the sole ownership of tlie business 
 later, and has continued it ever since. He is 
 the oldest watch-maker in the city, and has 
 the reputation of bcinsr the most experienced 
 also. 
 
 His son, A. F. J.minke, Jr., is associated with 
 him in the business. They do work for many 
 of the other jeweleis here, as «ell as foi- the 
 publii' generally. 
 
 .). T. Ai.i.KN it Co., successors to James Q. Ker- 
 sey, V^2^ Main street, are dealers in watches, 
 clocks and jewelry. They have been estab- 
 lished eif;ht years, ami carry a stock valued at 
 from $10,000 to $1.5,000. They do business in 
 North Carolina, as well as in this State, by 
 means of botli the mail and express, and they 
 make a specialty of cleaning and repairing 
 watches and clocks, etc. 
 
 Mr. J. T. Ai.i.EN is a business man of long 
 experience in the trade. He was with Kereey 
 formerly for twenty-tive years. He learned the 
 jewelrv l>nsiness with him. His partner, INIr. C. 
 r. Kahv, is a native of Richmond. He is a man 
 of means, and as he does not actively participate 
 in the business, the entire management ftills on 
 Mr. Allen, through whose exertions success has 
 been achieved. 
 
 ji.This firm buys old gold and sdver, and ex- 
 chatiges new goods of its line for old. 
 I 
 
 I. (ioDDAKi), practical watch-maker and jew- 
 eler of !)0(> East Main street, has been a resident 
 and business man here for forty years. He 
 learned his traiie in England before he came 
 here, and at first was connected with Mitchell & 
 Tyler, jewelers of this city, and then with God- 
 dard & Moses, watch-makers and jewelers. He 
 started on his own account about a year ago. 
 He is a very skillful workman, and has reputa- 
 tion in the trade as such. He is an ()d<l-IVllow, 
 
 and has been a member of the Richmond (ireys 
 for thirty years. He was in the (confederate 
 service, in Mahone's Brigade. 
 
 John F. Kohler, watch-maker and jeweler, 
 of 715 Broad street, has been established since 
 18.5(i, and is, in fact, the longest established mer- 
 chant on Broad street. He is an exjierienced and 
 skilled mechanic, and he has acquired, by strict 
 and upright business principles, the entire confi- 
 dence of the public. His store is rendered attrac- 
 tive with a carefully selected and large stock of 
 diamonds, of the best quality only ; American 
 gold and silver watches of all grades ; jewelry 
 of the latest styles ; sterling silver and the finest 
 silver-plated ware, silver novelties, s])ectacles, 
 eye-glas.ses, opera-glasses, eW. 
 
 He is assisted in the business by his sons, 
 C. Freb and E. Charles, and by his brother- 
 in-law, Mr. J. J. Spilling, all of whom are 
 expert artisans also, so that all new work and 
 repairing entrusted him will be executeil in 
 the best possible manner and at a reasonalile 
 charge. 
 
 The Richmond Optical Company, of Hi Fast 
 r.road street, was established not long since, but 
 is al read)' doing a business that promises to make 
 it, ere long, one of the largest houses of the kind 
 in the State. An extensive and varied stock has 
 been laid in by its principals, embracing field, 
 opera and marine glasses, magic lanterns, scien- 
 tific instruments, etc. 
 
 The main business of the company, however, 
 is the manufacture of eye-glasses and si>ectacles, 
 of prevailing styles, with gold, silver, aluminum, 
 nickel, steel, and shell frames, etc. 
 
 It also carries a valuable stock of French arti- 
 ficial eyes, which aie excellent imitations of 
 the natural ones. 
 
 It has the most improved methods of adapt- 
 ing glasses to aid the sight, and its experts ren- 
 der their service for consultation, examining 
 and prescribing glasses, free of charge. 
 
 The jirincipals in tliis compan}' are Professor 
 Ai.PHo.vsE Metzgei!, wlio has charge of the ex- 
 amination rooms, and Mr. L. Kahn, business 
 manager. 
 
 Professor Metzger is, as his name signifies, a 
 German. He is a native of Rbinepfals, and the 
 son of a wine merchant of that part of the world 
 well known to many American importers. He 
 was educated in Paris. He is an inventor of 
 considerable note. His private studio is a per- 
 fect magazine of drawings and models of many 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 267 
 
 articles patented bj' liim that have tieeii a beiie- 
 lit to humanity. 
 Both he and Mr. Kahn are accomplislied liii- 
 
 PROF. ALPHONSE METZGER, 
 Of the Richmond Optical Company 
 
 giiists, and the latter is a well-known lij;ui-e m 
 business circles here. 
 
 STABLES — BOARDING AND SALE. 
 
 Samuel B. Nelson, Central Livery, Boarding 
 and Sales Stables, 1.319 and 1321 East Franklin 
 street, are classed among the finest in the city, 
 and Mr. Nelson is considered by bis associates in 
 the business one of Richmond's cleverest horse- 
 men. As a boy it was his ambition to breed 
 and own "cracks," and he was l>ut a youth 
 when he embarked in the stable business in 
 Manchester, across the river from Richmond, 
 where he was bom. He continued in business 
 there until about eight years ago, and then, to 
 enjoy the advantages of the wider field atlbrded 
 l)y a larger city, moved over here and estab- 
 lislied himself. He has been entirely and un- 
 qualifiedly successful, and has made his place 
 the resort of those who want a fine roadster, 
 either to hire or buy. 
 
 He has rigs of the very latest styles. His 
 trade is a fashionable one, embracing the mer- 
 chants of the down town precincts of the city, 
 and guests of the Exchange & Ballard and the 
 Davis Hotels, which are but a stone's throw 
 from his place. It is near the Post Office, banks, 
 and exchanges of the city also. It has accom- 
 modations for seventy-five head of horses, and 
 it usually houses about forty head of road horees 
 for driving or riding purposes. 
 
 Mr. Nelson is of note here, also, as an owner 
 and tramer of track horses. His taste i-uns 
 chiefl}' to trotters, and he has some good ones. 
 He is the owner of the famous " Money Hun- 
 ter," sire of many fine colts and horses owned 
 here, who has a record of 2:25}. This was made 
 by him at Baltimore, Augu.st 26, 18f»l, and that, 
 too, on a half-mile track and in a field of seven 
 horses. Other choice ones owned liy Mr. Nelson 
 are: "Pimlico," a fine young stallion by Pam- 
 lico, 2:1G|, a half interest in which recently 
 fetched 810,000 ; "Lila," a filly three years old, 
 by Egwood, 2:23, which filly is now in training 
 for work on the Virginia, ^laryland and Dela- 
 ware trotting circuit ; and "Miss Nelson," three 
 years old, with a record of 2:2S|. The latter 
 started in six races during this, the ■!t2 fall 
 season. She won three, was second in two, and 
 is now on circuit in North Carolina. 
 
 Bennett Brothers' "Western Stables," cor- 
 ner of Belvidere and Broad streets, were estab- 
 blished about five years ago by the fatbei' of the 
 l^resent principals in tliem. These stables are 
 new, and their appointments are of the latest 
 style. About forty horses are maintained for 
 livery purposes, and nearly all of the driving 
 rigs called for at Ford's and Murphy's, and 
 other leading hotels here, are furnished by them. 
 The}' have accommodations also foralwut tliirty 
 boarders. 
 
 SAMUEL B NELSON, 
 Stableman and Fine Horse-Owner. 
 
268 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 Tlioir i>n>iiiist's ai'f auionu; the most coninio- 
 <lioiis of the kind in tlie city. Their frontage is 
 40 feet and tlie depth is l.')0 feet. They are two- 
 .stories in hei<;lit ; access is afforded them both on 
 I'.elvidere and Broad streets, and this spacious 
 estabhslinient f;ives tliem the finest facihties 
 for the liiisiness. fVnnelt Brotliers own the.«e 
 premises. Tlicy jiiit up tlie buildinst, especially 
 for their business, three years ago. 
 
 The projirietors, Messrs. A. J. and A. AV. 
 Bi:NNB-ri', were raised to the Inisiness under 
 their fatlier, and are thoroughly conversant 
 witli it. It is their ambition to run a lirst-class 
 l>lace in first class style, and it is generally ad- 
 mitted that they do so. 
 
 is threefold. It embraces a liverj', a trading 
 and transfer department. It should also be 
 noted that lie has large storage rooms, where he 
 takes care of furniture and other commodities 
 committed to his care. He lias special appliances 
 for moving theatrical scenery, and does the bulk 
 of this class of work here. 
 
 Mr. Sweeney has been in the business here 
 nearly thirty years. He was in the tobacco line 
 for a time, and then in the express business, and 
 since 187() has been in his present vocation. 
 
 B. WiTTKAMP, Jr.'s livei'y, boarding and sales 
 stables, 212 to 216 Second street, were estab- 
 lished by T. C. Bennett seven years ago, and 
 
 iL::E. S AMERICAN STABLES 
 
 SwEKNEv's A.MERicAN Stables, at 9 and 11 
 South Eighth, and 14 and 16 South Tenth streets, 
 are the largest and finest lively premises in 
 Richmond. The building they are in is owned 
 by Mr. Sweeney, and was put up especially for 
 this business, and consequently affords the best 
 jiossible facilities for it. 
 
 There are ample accommodation for 100 head 
 of stock, and this is about the number tliat is 
 usually kept, including both boarders and livery 
 horees. 
 
 The business, as carried on by Jlr. Sweeney, 
 
 were bought out by Mr. Wittkamp afterwards. 
 He has tiiirty-one head of livery stock, and 
 accommodations besides for boarders. His 
 appointments embrace the finest of hacks, 
 hearses, buggies, carriages, saddle horses, etc. 
 He has an elevator in the stable. The building 
 is large, light and airy, and special attention 
 has been given in building it to the comfort and 
 health of the stock which it is to liouse. Mr. 
 Wittkamp has a farm three miles from the city. 
 He raises his own feed on it and also takes 
 horses to board there. 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 269 
 
 The KoANOKE Stables, 207 and 209 North 
 Seventh street, just in the rear of the Richmond 
 Tlieater, have been estabhslied now going on 
 ten years. They are owned ami are directed 
 by T. M. HiLTZHiMEK, an experienced horseman, 
 who makes hght Hvery and [pleasure rigs a spe- 
 cialty. He lias about twenty tine teams for 
 liire, and has turnouts of tlie very latest styles. 
 His roadsters are all spirited and speedy ani- 
 mals. He also takes boarders, and has tine 
 accommodations therefor. 
 
 Mr. Hiltzhimer is a native of the city, and 
 is a man of property and standing. He is a 
 director of the Citizens Building Company, No. 
 1, and is president of Citizens Building Com- 
 pany, No. 6. 
 
 The Great SoiTHERN House a.vd ;\Iii,k Ba- 
 zaar, of 1806 to 1812 East Franklin street, is the 
 largest sales stable of the South. It has regular 
 auction sales days and fiicilities to keep two 
 hundred head in barns and sheds at once. It 
 usuallv has fifty head on hand, and its weekly 
 receipts from Iowa, Illinois, Kentucky, Indiana, 
 and Missouri, are perhaps a hundred head a 
 week. It is successor to E. Bossieux since .lanu- 
 uai-y 1, 1892. Its principals are Colonel Daxid 
 Macpeat, who is auctioneer for it, and H. E. 
 Ki.ixE, its general manager. 
 
 These stables were built in ISTti, and are the 
 finest sales an<l exchange stables in the city. 
 Tliey are fitted up with every appliance for the 
 comfort of stock. They are HO feet front by Ki-") 
 feet deep, and three stories high. 
 
 Colonel Macfeat is a resident of Philadelphia, 
 and is auctioneer for the William I'enn Bazaar, 
 the largest sales stables in that city. ilr. Kline 
 came here from Phienixville, Pa., where he was 
 
 largely interested in trotting stock. He has dis- 
 posed of all his stock there, ho\nn-er, and gives 
 his attention entirely to the establishment which 
 this account describes. 
 
 tiREAT SOUTHERN HORSE AND MULE BAZAAR, 
 Macfeat & Kline, Proprietois. 
 
 J. R, MOUNTCASTLE, Stables. 
 
 J. R. ]Mouxtc.\stle's livery, sale and exchange 
 stables, 18 South Tenth street, have as fine driv- 
 ing teams as the city aflbrds, with rigs to match. 
 There are, indeed, few stables anywhere that 
 have facilities superior either for boarders or 
 for supplying livery customers with stylish 
 turnouts to those of this concern. 
 
 Mr. Mountcastle was in the stove 
 business formerly, but has been es- 
 tablished in this line about twenty 
 years. 
 
 He is owner of the stallion "Will- 
 nut," which is in service at his place 
 at jiresent writing. He pays special 
 attention, in fact, to the care and 
 handling of fine blooded hor.ses, a 
 large number of which he has usually 
 on hand, either as boarders or for sale, 
 and among these, always, animals that 
 for style, gait and other desirable 
 qualities are up to the standard pre- 
 vailing anywhere in the land. He is 
 a familiar figure among horsemen here. 
 His photo is accurately reproduced in 
 the engraving on this page. 
 
270 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 W. Pei.me SuTHKui.Axn is tlu- ]M-oprietor of 
 the "Lafayette Stables," 7 and !i North F.i{.'htli 
 street, wliicli were established thirty-five venrs 
 
 W PELLIt SuiHERLAND S LIVERY b'At:Ltb 
 
 aj^o by \V. H. Sutherlanr, liis father, wlio had 
 the lirst landau brouirht south of the Potomac. 
 These stables have long Ijeen known as the iiest 
 appointed at Rieliniond. Mr. Sutherland kei|is 
 forty head of tine driving horses for livery busi- 
 ness, and besides has numerous boarders. 
 
 He has the only park wagons here, and 
 he is the only person furnishing awnings 
 for weddings, receptions, etc. He makes 
 a sjiecialty of driving rigs for tourists, and 
 is jirepart'd to accommodate that class of 
 jiatrons in number from a single person 
 to a party of hundreds. To this branch 
 of the busines.ss he gives personal atten- 
 tion. 
 
 He keeps abreast with the times, in 
 sliort, as his father did before him. He 
 i.s considered the most enterprising and 
 progressive man in this line of busine.ss 
 here. He can furnish Victorias, coupe.s, 
 landaus, hansoms or liuniey cabs at all 
 hours. 
 
 He is a member of the Cha.mbeu or 
 Commerce. 
 
 M. E. Gauturioiit's Richmond Trans- 
 fer CoMi'ANV, 102 Sliockoe Slip, has an outfit 
 of seven teams, valued at $7,000, and stables at 
 Twentieth and Marshall streets. This transfer 
 line has been running ever since the w-ar. It 
 does a great deal of heavy draying in and about 
 the city. It is owned by M. E. Gartiiright 
 and managed by Samuel Garthright. 
 
 This company has facilities for moving safes, 
 machinei-y, stone, and other heavy liauling, 
 ei|ual to any here. It is largely engaged in 
 
 hauling tobacco to and from the warehouses and 
 factories of the city. 
 
 MANCHESTER H0USE.S. 
 
 H. C. & D. D. Be.\ttie, dealers in dry goods, 
 boots, shoes and general merchandise, at 1223 
 and 1 225 Hull street, Maxche.ster, are the leading 
 lirm of that line in that city. They have been 
 established since 1872. They own the property 
 they occupy, and are largely interested also in 
 .Manchester improvements. Mr. H. C. BEArriE 
 is ]iresident of the Home Building and Loan 
 
 \ssociation, and of the Forest Hill Park Lanil 
 ('ompaiiy, and is a director of the Manchester 
 Land Company. He lives in a handsome resi- 
 
 li-nce which he has recently completed at Forest 
 Hill, a most attractive suburb of Manchester. 
 
 Mr. D. D. Be.^ttie is also interested in these 
 sums projects. He looks after the sales of the 
 house, which, with a $20,000 stock usually car- 
 ried, are upwards of $')0,000 a year, whde ]Mr. 
 H. C. Beattie manages the finances. The latter 
 IS a member of the ^Manchester City Council. 
 The brothers hail originally from Pennsylvania, 
 but tliey have been residents of Manchester for 
 Iwciitv-one years 
 
 H. C. & D. D BEATTIE'S PLACE, MANCHESTER. 
 
 BowEN& Bradley, general merchants, of l:!01 
 and l.'iO.'i Hull street, Manchester, handle gro- 
 ceries, liquors, hardware, lumber and feed, and 
 make a specialty of the trade in lumber. Their 
 place covers half a square. The lumber yard is 
 in the rear of the store. They usually carry a 
 stock of about $20,000 worth, and do a business, 
 in Manchester and Chesterfield county, of about 
 $100,000 a year. 
 
 Mr. BowEX, of tills firm, is a memlier also of 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 271 
 
 the firm of A. P. Shotwell & Co., engaged in 
 tanning licre ; and lie and Mr. Bradley are 
 largely interes^ted in other local enterprises, 
 
 BOWEN & BRADLEY S PLACE. MANCHESTER. 
 
 landed and developmental chiefly, but manu- 
 facturing and financial also. They are two of 
 the most substantial business men of Rich- 
 mond's sister city. 
 
 NuNNALLY i*i Bro., dealers in groceries and 
 liquors, at the corner of Eighth and Hull streets, 
 Manchester, have a two-story place and aware- 
 house besides for heavy goods. They are lead- 
 ing grocers of the other side of the river. They 
 are natives of this citv, have lieen merchants 
 
 T. B. Cerslev, grocer, butcher and liquor 
 dealer of the west end of Hull street, Ma.nches- 
 TER, began business there long Ijefore the war. 
 He owns the property he occupies, and about 
 two lilocks of land besides, covered with im- 
 provements. He has his own slaughter house, 
 and there kills his own meats. 
 
 Mr. Cersley is president also of the ^fanches- 
 tcr Pickling, Preserving and Canning Com- 
 jiany, one of the principal industrial concerns 
 in ^lanchester. 
 
 He is a native of this part of the country. 
 During the war he served in Malione's (Vir- 
 ginia) brigade, C. S. A. His portrait accom- 
 panies this sketch. 
 
 NUNNALLY & BROTHER S PLACE, MANCHESTER. 
 
 of Manchester since 1872, and are men of sub- 
 stantial resources. They own considerable Man- 
 chester property and country lands as well. 
 
 T. B. CERSLEY, 
 Merchant of Manchester. 
 
 A. ,J. Daffron, dealer in furniture and mat- 
 tresses, at Sixteenth and Hull streets, Man- 
 chester, is a son of William Daffron, the 
 well-known furniture dealer of Richmond, 
 with whom he was for some ten years after 
 leaving college, and thus had acquired c.x- 
 perience in the business. He established 
 himself in ^Manchester in .August, 1889, and 
 he has built up a very handsome business. 
 He handles house furnishings and furniture 
 of every sort, and carries a very full and com- 
 plete stock. He has a very large i)atronagc 
 among the country people of Che.-^terfield county 
 
272 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 as well as a Manchester custom, and he does 
 business hutli on the cash and installment or 
 time-pavnient plan. 
 
 The cut acc<.iui)anyinjr, on this page, shows 
 his place of business. 
 
 J. S. Sykes, of Seventh and Scuuncs streets, |^ 
 M.\Ni iiESTEK, maintains there a wood 
 and coal and lumber yard covering two 
 acres. He has a si<le track from the At- 
 lantic Coast Line Railroad, and he has a 
 steam plant for sawing wood. He cuts 
 bills of lumber to order also. Mr. 8ykcs 
 is a native of North Carolina, but has 
 been a resident here for the last twenty- 
 seven years. He was a railroad engineer 
 before he embarked in his present line. 
 
 tine shoes, manufactured in Havie de Grace, 
 Md. A cut of his establishment is shown 
 below. 
 
 J. S. SYKES, 
 Merchant of Manchester. 
 
 Lando.s p. .Toxks, of Xo. 1200 Hull 
 street, M.\N(iiBsTKR, is the leading 
 dealer in boots and shoes of that bui'g ; 
 his, in fact, is the only exclusive shoe 
 house in the place. Mr. .Jones is a: na- 
 tive of the (dty and is a railroad en- 
 gineer by trade. He abandoned that 
 business about four years ago to take 
 tij) his present line. He carries a finely- 
 a.ssorted stock of $10,000 worth of goods. 
 His sales will aggregate about $:W,000 a 
 year. He makes a specialty of the J. 
 X. Faust & Sou ladies' and children's 
 
 ^1 
 
 
 ife<r-^ 
 
 A.J DAFFRON S MANCHESTER FURNITURE HOUSE. 
 
 The foregoing are sketches of what may l)e 
 considered the rejiresentative mercantile con- 
 cerns of Richmond's sister burg. The real 
 estate men of Manchester have mention in our 
 chapter on that topic (pages 60 to SO), and the 
 manufacturers of the place under appropriate 
 classLlications in the chapter immedi- 
 
 ately preceding c this. In the Real 
 Estate Chapter I also (pages 74 and 75) 
 
 LANDON P. JONES' MANCHESTER BOOT ANU SHOE HOUSE. 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAJVIES. 
 
 273 
 
 there is a sketch of the city itself^treating 
 briefly of its government, attractions for busi- 
 ness, residence and investment prospects, and 
 
 characteristics generally. Illustrations accom- 
 pany most of this Manchester text, and others 
 are scattered througli the book. 
 
 RICHMOND'S COMMERCE GENERALLY-1892. 
 
 Grand aggregatefequivalent of clearings and includ- 
 ing manufactures, real estate and improve- 
 ments, retail trade, etc.) $127,500000. 
 
 Ot wliich the wholesale trade was .... $54,500,000 
 Manufactures J4 2. 250 000 
 
 $96,750,000 
 
 A total of 
 
 Sales of 300 jobbers, with 800 drummers 
 and $8,ocx).ooo capital {ina per cent, 
 increase in 11 years) $36,250,000 
 
 Groceries $14,250,000 
 
 Fancy gioceries (including wooden- 
 ware, confectionery, tobacco, etc.) . . 
 
 $2,650,000 
 
 Provisions 
 
 Cotton and cereals 
 
 Other domestic produce 
 
 Exports unmanulactured 
 
 Dry goods and clothing 
 
 Furniture and house furnishinifs . . , 
 Coal, lumber, and building material . 
 Hard ware, machinery and implements, 
 
 Boots and shoes, trunks, etc 
 
 Drugs and paints 
 
 Live stock, horses and mules 
 
 $4,700,000 
 $3,500,000 
 $4,000,000 
 $6,250,000 
 $4,750,000 
 $3,100,000 
 $2,500,000 
 $2,000,000 
 $2,000,000 
 $2,000,000 
 $2,000,000 
 
 Jobbing Field.— Virginia, West Virginia, Ma- 
 ryland m part. Eastern Kentucky and Tennessee, 
 the Carolinas, Georgia and Norlli Alabama. 
 
 18 
 
 FIRST CHURCH AND SCHOOL AT HIGHLAND SPRINGS. 
 E. S. READ'S SUBURBAN ADDITION TO RICHMOND, ON RICHMOND & SEVEN PINES ELECTRIC RAILWAY. 
 
A Chapter Supplementary. 
 
 WILLIAM WIRT HENRY. 
 
 HON. WILLIAM WIKT HENKY, grandson 
 of Patrick Henry, is accorded the post 
 of honor in tliis gallery of the professional men 
 of Richmond, not for his descent alone, thongh 
 for this he would be conspicuous in any com- 
 pany, but for Ills own merit and I'eputation, and 
 as a type, distinctively, of the Virginia advo- 
 cate, legislator, scholar and historian. 
 
 Type of the advocate certainly he is, as a 
 leader of the Bar here for twenty years, and in 
 appellate practice particularly ; type of the leg- 
 islator also, as a champion of good faith and 
 imblic morals in two stormy sessions of the 
 House of Delegates and one of the Senate of the 
 ("omnionwealth during the Readjuster regime ; 
 type of the scholar, too, as defender of the 
 honor of his State against the aspersions cast 
 upon Smith and Poc-ahontas, Raleigh and other 
 \'irginia woi'thies by the whole school of New 
 England critics ; and type of the historian, if 
 Carlyle's dictum, that "the history of nations 
 is the history of their great men," has any 
 weight, as the biographer of one of the most 
 heroic i)ersonages, Washington himself scai'cely 
 excepted, in all American history, his own 
 illustrious grandsire, Patrick Henry. 
 
 Mr. Henry himself was born at Red Hill, 
 Charlotte county, Va., the famous seat of the 
 Henrys, and the burial place of the great ora- 
 tor and of his second wife, Dorothea Si)Otts- 
 wood Dandridge, granddaughter of knightly old 
 ( iovernor Spottswood, Irom whom, as the .son 
 of her son, our subject is also descended. He 
 was e<lucated at the University of Virginia, was 
 admitted to the Bar in 1853, and was already a 
 lawyer in excellent practice and standing when 
 the war came on. During the war he served 
 under the banner of the Confederacy in North 
 Carolina and Georgia, and at its close, accept- 
 ing the result as a finality, resumed the practice 
 of liis profession at his old home in Charlotte. 
 In 1S73 he came to Richmond, and at once 
 sprang into prominence as a lawyer of excep- 
 tional learning and ability. He was in the Leg- 
 islature from 1877 to 1883. In 187() (fitting 
 choice) he delivered the oration at the Phila- 
 delpliia Centennial, and in 1891 he became presi- 
 dent of the American Historical Society. He is 
 president now of the Virginia Historical Society 
 and Commissioner from Virginia in the Peabod)' 
 Board of Education. 
 
 Of late years he has given less of his time to 
 his profession and has devoted himself largely 
 to literature — to the historic muse especially, of 
 which he had long been a devotee. He has 
 written, among other papers, "The Truth Con- 
 cerning (ieorge Rogers Clark"; "The Rescue 
 of Captain Smith by Pocahontas"; "Patrick 
 Henry the Earliest Advocate of American In- 
 deiX'udence " ; a paper on Sir Walter Raleigh, 
 and many on the earlier stages of the growth 
 of Virginia ; and has only lately finished the 
 work upon which his fame among men of let- 
 ters must rest — the "Life, Correspondence and 
 Speeches of Patrick Henry." 
 
 In appearance Mr. Henry is tall and slender, 
 with a sti'ongly-marked countenance, wearing 
 somethingof a resemblance to that of bis distin- 
 guished progenitor, as pictures here portray him. 
 In private life he is kindly and afi'able, but fond 
 of his study, and though not unsocial, of singu- 
 larly retiring disposition. He has an extensive 
 library, embracing one of the largest privaie 
 collections of works bearing on Virginia history 
 in the State, and in this he delights to be clois- 
 tered. 
 
 A high-minded, honorable and cuhivated gen- 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 275 
 
 tleman he is, wearing worthily the surname 
 of glory transmitted him — the immortal name, 
 one of the few not born to die, this name of 
 Henry ! The name of the ideal orator, patriot, 
 liberator; of the most kindling and enthralling 
 orator, perhaps, of all timel Of that orator 
 whose voice, echoed like a clarion from the 
 Williamsburg sitting of the Virginia House of 
 Burgesses, over the sea, through the vaulted 
 chambers of Whitehall and St. James ; and from 
 the tabernacle of St. Johns in this city, in 1775, 
 like a tocsin summoning the colonists to arms ! 
 Whose voice was the voice of the herald, the 
 forerunner of this Republic of ours, the voice 
 prophetic and inspired 1 
 
 Sami'ki. I). Davies, attorney at law, of i'J Tlan- 
 ewinckel Building, is a native of Chesterfield 
 county, this State, and is a great-great-grandson 
 of Rev. Samuel Davies, A. M., who was president 
 of Princeton College in 17o9-61. He was educated 
 at William and Mary College, and was admitted 
 to the Bar inlSGIi. He began practice in IVter.s- 
 biirg in the same year. He remained there 
 until 1K77, when he was chosen professor of law 
 in Ricbniond College. He occujiied that posi- 
 
 C.\Ki)\vELL & Cardwell, attomeys, of 4i North 
 Eleventh sti'eet, are father and son. Mr. R. H. 
 Cardwell, the senior member of the firm, is of 
 note in the political life of the State, as a mem- 
 
 SAMUEL D. DAVIES, Attorney. 
 
 tion for five years and then resumed his prac- 
 tice. He has a general practice, taking him into 
 all the courts. State and Federal. 
 
 R. H. CARDWELL, Attorney. 
 
 her of the Legislature, representing Hanover 
 county for twelve successive yeai-s, and as 
 Speaker of the House for six years. He was 
 unanimously chosen by that body as a mem- 
 ber of the State liebt Commission, composed of 
 seven memliei'S, who effected the recent settle- 
 ment of the State <lebt, and was presidential 
 elector in 18S4. 
 
 He is a native of North Carolina, but married 
 a \'irginian, a daughter of the late Edward C. 
 Howard, city clerk of Riclimond. Upon the 
 close of his service with the army of Northern 
 Virginia during the war, ]\Ir. Cardwell returned 
 to his native State and resided there until 1869, 
 but HI the fall of that year he came to Hanover 
 county, where he has since made his home, with 
 his law office in this city since 1874. 
 
 His portrait is presented herewith. 
 
 Air. W. D. Cardwell graduated fiom the Uni- 
 versity of Virginia, class of 188!t, and began 
 liracticing with his father soon thereafter. 
 
 They have a very large miscellaneous prac- 
 tice in this city and adjoining counties, which 
 takes them into the higher courts, State and 
 Federal. 
 
276 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 Williams & Roulware, attorneys at law, of 
 1104 Kast Main street, are notable as counsellors 
 for some of the j^reat corporations of this iiart 
 of the country, and especially the hanks and 
 insurance coini)anies here. They make a spe- 
 cialty, in fact, of practice in that line. They 
 frequently have cases that take them into the 
 higher courts at Washington. As a firm they 
 are successors to .Johnston, Williams & Boul- 
 ware, established in 1,S72, which Ann succeeded 
 .Johnston i*c Williams, established in 1807. 
 
 Mr. CiiARi.KS V. Williams of this tirm is a 
 native of the city. lie studied at the University 
 of \'irginia liefore the war, and enlisted in the 
 Confederate army before he had reached his 
 majority. lie was at first a private in the Rich- 
 mond Howitzers, and rose from that to be lieu- 
 tenant of artillery, and then a staff officer of Gen- 
 eral D. R. Jones, and afterward in Pickett's 
 division. General Corse's Brigade. He began 
 practice at the close of the war. He has been 
 somewhat prominent in politics, but of late years 
 has devoted himself strictly to his profession, 
 with the result that he is now one of the most 
 eminent lawyers of the State. 
 
 Mr. A. L. BouLWAEE, his partner, is also a 
 native of tlie State, a graduate of the University 
 of N'irginia, and a Confederate veteran. He was 
 admitted to practice in 1872, and has pursued 
 his vociition here steadily since that time. Ho 
 is president of the First National Bank of this 
 city and is a director of the Union Bank also. 
 
 CinusTiA.v & Christian (Judge George L. and 
 F. W. Christian), attorneys and counsellors at 
 law, of the 7'/)/«s Building, constitute one of the 
 most prominent law firms in tlie city. They 
 have an extensive practice as counsel for corpo- 
 rations, a large number of which they repre- 
 sent ; also in the administration of trusts, and 
 in all kinds of chancery and law business, and 
 they practice regularly in the county. State and 
 Federal courts held in Richmond, and elsewhere 
 as occasion may require. 
 
 The members of the firm are relatives, and 
 have been associated as partners since 1883. 
 
 JrnGE Christian isof note here, aside from his 
 profession, as president of tJie Chamber of C!om- 
 MER(-E, a preftn-ment indicative at once of his per- 
 sonal popularity and of his interest in the pro- 
 gress of Richmond, and as president also of the 
 National Bank of Virginia. He was successivelj' 
 second and first vice-president of the Chamuek, 
 and one of its moving spirits for years before he 
 could be induced to become its president. He 
 derives liis title of "Judge" from service on the 
 
 bench of the Hustings Court of this city, and 
 has occupied other impoi-tant positions of public 
 trust ; but with the exception of Ids duties as 
 president of the Chameer, and as director in 
 several of the leading financial institutions of 
 the city, his entire time is now devoted to his 
 professional engagements. He is a native of 
 Charles City county, this State, and a graduate 
 of the law department of the T-niversity of 
 Virginia ; has been a resident of this city for 
 thirtj'-two years, and is a practitioner of twenty- 
 five years' standing. 
 
 Mr. F. W. Chrlstian is a native of Petersburg. 
 He also is a graduate of the law school of the 
 University of Virginia, and he has lived here 
 twenty- eight years. He first began the practice 
 of law in 1872, and has earned, by his marked 
 ability and success in his profession, recognition 
 as one of the leading members of the Richmond 
 Bar. 
 
 Pegram & Stringfellow, attorneys, of 4 and 
 5 Merchant,? Bank Building, are also one of the 
 prominent law firms of the city and State. 
 
 Colonel Pegram, as he is known, by reason 
 of his service during the war in the Southern 
 Cause, is a native of Petersburg, and was called 
 to the Bar there in 1850. He practiced there 
 until 1881, and then came here to go into part- 
 nership with Major Stringfellow. He is a direc- 
 tor of the Petersburg Savings and Insurance 
 Company. 
 
 Major Stringfellow is a native of Clarke 
 county, Va. He first began to practice at Peters- 
 Ijurg in 1859. Subsequently he formed a part- 
 nership w'ith Colonel Pegram, and moved to this 
 city in 1881. He also was in tlie Confederate 
 service. He is a director of the ^lerchants 
 National Bank of the city. 
 
 Maury & Maury, counsellors at law and no- 
 taries public, of 1015 East Main street, are 
 fatlier and son. They are counsel for numerous 
 corporations here, and tlieir business is nearly 
 all in that line. They make a specialty of State 
 debt and coupon litigation and collections, a 
 jiractice which takes them into tlie United States 
 courts, as well as in the higher courts of the 
 State, and often in the Federal courts at Wash- 
 ington also. They have been in partnershiii since 
 1887. Colonel Richard L. Maury, senior mem- 
 ber of this firm, prepared liimself in tlie oflice of 
 James M. Carlisle of Washington, D. C. ; and 
 also at the University of Virginia, and after 
 serving through the war in the Army of North- 
 ern Virginia, in 1866 he began practice with 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 277 
 
 Ex-Govenior Letclier at Lt-xington, Va., and 
 continued in liis profession there until 1873, 
 when he came here. 
 
 Colonel Slaury has a record of distinctii:)n as 
 a soldier as well as a lawyer. He enlisted in the 
 Confederate States army as a private of com- 
 pany F., Richmond volunteers, .\rniy of North- 
 ern ^'irginia, in April 1861. He was aiipointed 
 lieutenantof the provisional army in June, 1861, 
 and major of Virginia volunteers. He was as- 
 signed to duty witli the Twenty-fourth Virginia 
 infantry, Early's Brigade, and reported foi- duty 
 September 1, 1861, and was elected major of the 
 regiment at the reorganization in the spring of 
 1862, at Long Bridge, on the Chickahominy. He 
 was wounded at the battle of Seven I'ines May 
 Ml, 1862, and was promoted to the lieutenant- 
 colonelcy of his regiment in ISlio for gallant and 
 meritorious conduct. Again in action at Drew- 
 ry's Blufl', May 6, 1864, he received a gunshot 
 wound in the hip, and again he was advanced in 
 rank after this experience. As colonel, in Octo- 
 ber 1864, he was assigned to duty in Richmond 
 on account of permanent disability. His career 
 in arms ended, however, only with Appo- 
 mattox. He rejoined the army in the tield, 
 after the evacuation of Richmond, and at the 
 tinale, April 10, 1S6.5, was parolled with his 
 regiment. 
 
 His son, IMatthew F. Maury, is a graduate of 
 the University of Virginia, and was also a student 
 of Columbia Universit)', "Washington. He re- 
 ceived his degree in 1886, and immediately after- 
 wards began practice with his father. He is 
 named for the celebrated Virginian, Commodore 
 Maury, " the path-finder of the seas," who was 
 Colonel Maury's father. 
 
 Both members of this firm belong to the 
 Cn.4.MBER OF Commerce. 
 
 Jackson & Jacksox, attorneys, of 923 East 
 !Main street (P. O. Box 156), stand high in their 
 profession by reason of their uniform success in 
 the cases entrusted to them. Mr. Thomas G. 
 Jackson is a director of the Merchants and 
 Planters Savings Bank, and its counsel. His 
 partner, Mr. G. C. Jackson, is his nephew. He 
 practiced alone for some time liefore their part- 
 nership was formed. 
 
 B. Rand; Wellford, attorney at law, of 29 
 Shafer Building, stands high in the profession, 
 and is entrusted with important interests, both 
 as counsel and attorney. He practices in all 
 the courts. State and Federal. He has been 
 very successfiil, and has accumulated property 
 and business interests by means of this practice. 
 
 Pie is a director of the Vulcan Iron Works of 
 this citv, and is counsel for the Gld Dominion 
 Building and Loan Association, and for several 
 other institutions of a fiduciary character. 
 
 He is a native of Virginia, and has been a 
 resident of the city from early youth. He pre- 
 jiared himself for his profession at the Uni- 
 versity of Virginia. He holds the degrees of 
 M. A. and B. L. from that in.«titution. He 
 graduated from it in 1S79, and began practice 
 immediately afterward. 
 
 Cannon & Collins, attorneys at law, of 1301 
 East Main street, have been in partnership for 
 seven years. Mr. Henry G. Cannon, senior 
 member of the firm, studied law at the Virginia 
 University, and has been practicing here, the 
 war excepted, for forty years. During the war 
 he was an officer of the Sixtieth Virginia regi- 
 ment, and served under Generals Hill, Wise 
 and R. E. Lee at different times. Part of the 
 time he was acting adjutant-general of his bri- 
 gade and acting judge advocate of the military 
 court of the Department of Southwest Virginia. 
 
 He resumed his profession at the close of the 
 war, in company with Major A. R. Courtney, 
 and was in partnership with him for twenty 
 years. From 1876 to 1880 he was a member of 
 the City Council, and was chairman of its Com- 
 mittee on Finance ; and he has also held other 
 local offices. He is considered one of the lead- 
 ing lawyers of the city. 
 
 His partner, Mr. Allen G. Collins, is a 
 native of the city, and is looked uiwn as one of 
 the most promising young lawyers of Richmond. 
 He also attended the University of Virginia. In 
 addition to that, he read law with the firm 
 of Cannon & Courtney for seven years ; and at 
 the dissolution of that well-known firm he be- 
 came a partner with !Mr. Cannon. 
 
 Jo Lane Stern, attorney, of 1014 East Main 
 street, is assistant inspector-general on Gov- 
 ernor McKinney's staff, and is a member of the 
 Chamber of Commerce. He is one of the coun- 
 sel for the Planters National Bank, and many 
 of the business men of the city are his clients. 
 His practice is, generally speaking, in the higher 
 courts. State and Federal. His specialty is 
 chancery practice and commercial law. 
 
 He is a native of Virginia. He prepared him- 
 self for his profession at Washington and Lee 
 University, and received from that institution 
 its degree of B. L. in 1870. He began practice 
 in 1871 in company with Hon. James Lyons, 
 but has been practicing alone since 1881. 
 
278 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 Bkn.iamin II. N.\sH, attorney, of 111.5 East 
 Main street, is a native of Powhatan county. 
 lie was educated at the Pniversity of Virginia 
 
 185o, and for a time afterward practiced in tlie 
 county of lii.s nativity. Tlien he moved tn 
 (ireenbi-ier county, We.st Va., and practiced 
 until after the war, liis term of service as colonel 
 of the Twenty-seventh Virginia Infantry, Jack- 
 son's Briga<le, excepted, from which service he 
 derives this title, of courtesy still accorded him. 
 lie began in the war as a captain of cavalry, 
 hut was transferred to the infantry afterwai'<l, 
 and rose, by gallant conduct, as may lie inferi-ed 
 from what has been said already, to the rank <il' 
 a regimental commander. 
 
 After the war he moved to Kiclnnond, and 
 has since been one of the most prominent mem- 
 bers of the Bar liere. He has eschewed politics, 
 and has devoted himself always, strictly to the 
 pursuit of his profession. 
 
 Ben.iamin H. Bekkv, of 4.1 North Klevcnth 
 street, was jireparing for his profession at tlie ■ 
 University of Virginia when the war came on. 
 He left college to join the Confederate army, 
 and served a short while in the Virginia cavalry. 
 He then came here and began the practice of 
 law. In 1870 he was elected clerk of the Qlian- 
 cery Court, and he held that oflice until July, 
 
 BENJAMIN H, NASH, Attorney. 
 
 and was admitted to the Bar in IS.V). I le began 
 practice in JManchester. The following year he 
 removed to Richmond. In 1,S60 he was a mem- 
 ber of the N'irginia Senate. During the war he 
 was captain of Company B, Forty-first Virginia 
 Infanti-y, and was a(!ting adjutant-general of 
 Mahone's Brigade. In 1865, at the close of the 
 war, he resumed practice of the law here, and 
 he has continued here ever since. He is counsel 
 for the Richmond and Petersburg Railroad, 
 the Manchester Street Railway and Improve- 
 ment Company, and for the RichmoTid City and 
 .Seven Pines Railway Company. He practices 
 in all the courts, State and Federal, of the city 
 of Richmond and in the adjoining counties. 
 
 Colonel W. W. Gordon, attorney, of the 
 Times building, is very generally acknowledged 
 one of the ablest, as well as most successfid 
 lawyers of the South. He is attorney for a 
 number of large corporations here, among them 
 the Richmond and Alleghany Railroad, of the 
 Chesajieake and Ohio Railway system, and he 
 has a very extensive practice. 
 
 He is a native of Essex county, Va., and w 
 educated for the profession of the law at the 
 University of Virginia. He graduated there in 
 
 BENJAMIN H. BERRY, Attorney. 
 
 as 1888. On September 2r)th, 1S89, he was ap- 
 pointed commissioner of accounts of the Chan- 
 cery Court. His practice is entirely a chancer)' 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 279 
 
 inactice. Mr. Berry is a native of Waneiiton, 
 Fauquier county, and is a man of genial disposi- 
 tion, with a liost of friends. 
 
 Meade Haskiss, attorney at law, of room S, 
 Merchants Bank Building, is a member of the 
 CifAMBER OF Commerce, and is aid-de-camp on 
 the staff' of Governor McKinney, with the rank 
 of colonel, and judge advocate general of the 
 \'irginia volunteers or militia. lie is also a 
 member of the State Denioci'atic Committee and 
 chairman of the Democratic Committee of the 
 Third Congressional District of Virginia, and he 
 was one of the State's members of the last 
 Klectoral College. He has been active, in fact, 
 in State politics for the last ten years. 
 
 Colonel Haskin's has a lai'ge practice, both 
 civil and criminal. He is a native of Chester- 
 field county, and a graduate of Hanipden-Sid- 
 ney College, with the degree of A. B., and of 
 the University of Virginia, with the degree of 
 L. L. B., and has been practicing here stea<lily 
 since 187o. 
 
 MEADE HASKINS, Attorney. 
 
 .Tames Lyons, attorney, of 1111 East Main 
 street, was born January 11, 1,S57, at the resi- 
 dence of his maternal grandfather, ,Iohn C. 
 Hobson, Esq., at the corner of Fifth and Main 
 streets, in this city. He is the eldest son of the 
 late Judge William H. Lyons, the first Judge 
 
 of the Hustings Court of this city, and Mary 
 Morrison, his wife, only daughter of .lohn C. 
 Hobson, Esq. 
 
 He was educated in the classical schools of L. 
 S. Squire and at the University School of Rich- 
 
 JAMES LYONS. 
 
 mond, then conducted bj- the late John M. 
 Strother, Thomas H. Norwood and Charles E. 
 Poindexter, and at Richmond College, where 
 he graduated with the degrees of Bachelor of 
 Arts in 187-5 and Bachelor of Law in 1878. 
 
 He was married OctoVier 9, 1879, to Miss 
 Elizabeth W. Henry, eldest daughter of Hon. 
 William Wirt Henry and Lucy Gray Marshall, 
 his wife, and great-granddaughter of Patrick 
 Henry. 
 
 In 1879-'S0 and 18sl-'8:2 he was a member of 
 the House of Delegates from the city of Rich- 
 mond, and was Assistant ITnited States Attor- 
 ney for the Eastern District of Virginia during 
 President Cleveland's first administration, from 
 1885 to 1889. He is a member also of the Ses- 
 sion of Ruling Elders of the Second Presbyte- 
 rian Church of this city, of which Rev. Dr. M. 
 D. Hoge is pastor. 
 
 A. B. GuiGos, attorney at law, of 911 East 
 Main street, is a native of the city, and has been 
 resident here all his life. He was educated in 
 Richmond and at the University of Virginia" 
 
280 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 He took tlie law coui'se of the latter institution 
 and bejKin ])raetice in 1881, the year he was ad- 
 mitted to the Bar. 
 
 He is of note aniouf; his hrethren iif the lefral 
 l)rofession, as for a lonjr time engaged in the 
 State deht litigation. He has heen, until lately, 
 one of the general counsel foi- the foreign hond- 
 holders, and has partieipated, as sueh, in tin' 
 settlement of the State debt. 
 
 In July, KSilO, he was elected to the Common 
 Council of the city, and was re-elected in 1892. 
 He is also a member of the City School Hoard, 
 elected thereto during 1892. He is a director of 
 the Richmou<l and Manchester Land Company, 
 and has other local business interests. He has 
 partici[)ated actively in politics and has been 
 pronnnent among the leaders of the Democratic 
 party here for several years. 
 
 J. R. V. ]>ANiEi., attorney at law, of No. 22 
 Shafer Building, is a son of the late V. \. 
 Daniel, Jr., who was a prominent lawyer here 
 for many yeaiTj, and is a grandson of Judge P. 
 V. Daniel, who sat on the Supreme Bench of the 
 United States for nineteen years. He is a native 
 of the city and a gi-aduate of the University of 
 Virginia. 
 
 He was admitted to practice in 187.3, and from 
 1884 until recently wajs associated in a law part- 
 nership with Judge E. C. Minor here. His prac- 
 tice isof ageneral character, but chiefly chancery. 
 He numbers among his clients many of the busi- 
 ness men here, and several of the local corjwi-a- 
 tions, and is (considered one of the most tho- 
 roughly ijualified members of the profession in 
 this part of the country. 
 
 Jamks Caskik, attorney, of Eleventh and Main 
 streets (the Merchants Bank Building), is a mem- 
 ber of the Cha.miser ok Com.mekce, and is a large 
 land owner here. He was admitted to practice 
 after his graduation from Richmond College in 
 1875, and for a time was then in partnership with 
 E. I). Meredith, and later with Judge Samuel B. 
 Witt, which last connection was dissolved when 
 that gentleman was elected to the Bench. 
 
 Mr. Caskie has a general practice. He takes 
 cases of every sort except criminal. His prac- 
 tice is large, and he is considei-ed one of the 
 most successful attorneys of this part of the 
 country. 
 
 S. S. P. Patteson, attorney and notary, of 
 the Shafer Building, has a very good general 
 practice, which takes him into all the courts, 
 State and Federal. He was born in Amherst 
 county, and is of a family which was prominent 
 
 in the Colonial days. He was educated at Ran- 
 dolph-Macon College, and after a course of read- 
 ing with private tutors, was admitted to the 
 Bar in 1877. He is prominent also as a member 
 of the Masonic Order, is a member of the Cham- 
 RKK OF Commerce, and is chairman of the City 
 Democratic Committee of Richmond. 
 
 Paoe & Cauteu, attorneys and counsellors at 
 law, of 911 Main street, occupy a jiosition of 
 prominence in the profession, and aside from 
 it as well. 
 
 They are lioth descendants, as their names 
 indicate, of that Nelson whose services in the 
 Revolution distinguished him among the fore- 
 most of the patriots of the era of Independence 
 and whose tigure is one of those in the Wash- 
 ington group in the Cajiitol grounds. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Nelson Paiie, of this tirni, is 
 Virginia's representative in the literature of 
 the day. He is a notable figure in the field 
 of letters and upon the platform, as well as 
 at the Bar, as the author of <lialect and other 
 stories of Southern life, which bear the stamp 
 of the highest art and are generally admired, 
 and as a very eft'ective reader of them besides. 
 He is a native of Hanover county and a gradu- 
 ate of the law dejiartment of the University of 
 Virginia. He came to Richmond about fifteen 
 years ago and began practicing law. He has 
 been a member of the city's Board of .Uder- 
 men, and is now chairman of the committee of 
 the Chamber of Commerce on Public Libraries. 
 
 ;Mr. Tho.mas Nelson Carter, his partner, is a 
 native of King William county, and is a gradu- 
 ate in law, also, of the University of Virginia. 
 He has been practicing here since 1880, and since 
 188?) with Mr. Page. He also is a meml>er of 
 the Chamber of COi\[MERCE, and is chairman 
 of its Committee on Public Health. He is a 
 director of the Merchants and I'lanters Savings 
 Bank and of the German-American Banking 
 and Building Company. 
 
 Hon. B. O.James, attorney, of the State Bank 
 Building, was admitted to practice in 1877 in 
 Goochland county, of which part he is a native. 
 He prepared himself for the Bar at Washington 
 and Lee University. During Governor Fit/. 
 Lee's term he was one of his staff. He rejire- 
 sents his county in the Legislature of Virginia 
 at present, and he is a leader among the public 
 men there. He is highly regarded wherever he 
 is known. He has been practicing here for four 
 years, and has made himself a name among the 
 principal people here in his profession. 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 281 
 
 Sheild & Newton, attorneys at law, of ill 1 
 East Main street, have been established in part- 
 nership since January, 1892. They practice in 
 all the courts, State and Federal, and have a 
 tine business, especially in the courts of Kich- 
 niiiiul city, and in Hanover, Henrico and King 
 William counties. 
 
 Mr. Sheild, sen'or member of the tirm, is 
 commissioner in chancery for the Richmond 
 Chancery Conrt and Henrico Circuit Court. 
 He is a native of Gloucester county, Va., and 
 has been pursuing liis prcjfession in the city 
 of Richmond for five years. He has attained 
 some prominence at the Bar here, by reason of 
 his business ability and experience, and qualili- 
 cations for the law. He practiced most of the 
 time, until he formed this partnership, alone. 
 
 Mr. WiLLOCGHBY Xewton, Jr., of the firm, is 
 also a commissioner in chancery, apjiointed by 
 the Hanover Circuit Court, and a notary public. 
 He is a native of Hanover county. He has 
 been practicing here successfully for ten years. 
 He is of a well-known Virginia family, is a B. 
 L. of the University of Virginia, and is a man 
 of ability and integrity. 
 
 Cabell & Cabell, attorneys at law, have 
 rooms over the National Bank of Virginia, cor- 
 ner of Eleventh and Main streets. They make a 
 sjiecialty of commercial law and insurance and 
 corporation practice. They are counsel for a 
 number of resident corporations, and also for 
 several well-known Nortliern corporations, such 
 as the Standard Oil Company, the Fidelity and 
 Casualty Company of New- York, and the Ameri- 
 can Emjiloyers' Liability Insurance Company. 
 Their practice is largely in the United States 
 courts and in the courts of this city and Man- 
 chester. They also take cases in the courts of 
 Henrico, Chestertield and Hanover counties. 
 
 They are of an old and distinguished Virginia 
 family, and both ai'e graduates of the l^iiiversity 
 of Virginia. Mr. J. A. Cabell was admitted 
 to the Bar in 1879 ; his cousin and partner, I'. 
 H. C. Cabell, in 1889. ^Members of the Cahell 
 family liave been prominent at the Bar of this 
 State for several generations. Governor William 
 H. Cabell, for many years iiresideiit of the 
 Supreme Court of Appeals of \'irginia, was the 
 grandfather of the senior member of the present 
 law tirm. 
 
 D. J. Barton', attorney at law and notary 
 public, of 10 Shafer's Building, is a son of Gen- 
 eral S. M. Barton, a distinguislieii othcer of the 
 Confederate service, and is of old Virginia stock. 
 He is a graduate of the University of Virginia, 
 
 practices in all the State and Feileral courts, and 
 is the attorney of many tirms of |)roininence in 
 trade Irere. 
 
 lIiLL MoNT.vouE, attorney, of 4 Shafer Build- 
 ing, is a nephew of General J. C. llill, the i)res- 
 ent Railroad Commissioner of Virginia. He is 
 of a family of English extraction, which settled 
 in Virginia in the year l(i:;4. lie is a native of 
 Gloucester county, and has been a resident of 
 this city for eight years. He took his course of 
 law at the I'niversity of Virginia and began 
 practice in tlie spring of 1888. He is counsel 
 for the Snow Church Collection Company of 
 Richmond, and a number of other cor|iorations 
 and business houses of this city and Northern 
 Slates. His specialty is chancery jiractice and 
 commercial law. He is a member of the Ciiam- 
 i!Ei! 01- Commerce. 
 
 Thomasox & Minor, attorneys, of the Shafer 
 Building, have general practice in all the courts. 
 State and Federal. 
 
 Mr. E. B. TnoMAsox of this firm is a native of 
 Brunswick county. He studied law in England 
 and at the University of Virginia. He prac- 
 ticed for a time in Petersburg before lie caine 
 liere and formed this partnershi]! with Mr. 
 Elinor. 
 
 Mr. R. C. Minor of this firm is a son <if I'ro- 
 fessor Minor of the University of Virginia. He 
 was educated at tliat institution, and is a grad- 
 uate of both its academic and law departments. 
 He has received from it thedegrees of M. A., B. 
 L. and B. A. He also had Ijeen practicing 
 before lie and !Mr. Thomason went into part- 
 nership. 
 
 HiUiH Antri.m, attorney at law, of the Shafer 
 Ihiilding, is a son of the late JNIajor C. W. Antrim. 
 Mr. Antrim graduated in the law school of the 
 University of Virginia, taking the degree of]!. 
 L. in the Collegiate year 1890-"91. Since then 
 he has Ijeen practicing his i)rofession here. He 
 practices in all the State and Federal courts ami 
 in the Court of Appeals. 
 
 Wallace F. Brown, attorney at law, of the 
 Sliafer Building, is a native of the city, and has 
 had the advantage of European as well as home 
 instruction. He prepared himself for his profes- 
 sion at the Universities of Washington and Lee, 
 Mrginia, of Gottingen and Geneva. He has the 
 degrees of M. A. and B. L. from the Univeraity 
 of Virginia. Although not long engaged in the 
 practice of his profession licre he has a(-(inired a 
 very fair share of the legal business of this city. 
 
282 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 WiiiiA.M I'. Wkkiiam, iittonu'V iuul coun- 
 sellor at law ami notary imblic, of illl East 
 Main street, is a native of Hanowr county. He 
 
 COLONEL WILLIAM F. WICKHAM. Attorney. 
 
 lias been enjiagcd in farming for several years. 
 He is a member of the State Board of Agricul- 
 ture, and he takes a deep interest in all matters 
 connected with the soil. He is chairman of the 
 Hoard of Supervisors of Hanover county, and is 
 colonel of the First regiment of c-avalrv, Mrginia 
 volunteers. 
 
 He is a graduate of the law department of 
 the I'niversity of ^'irgin!a. He took his degree 
 in June, 1883, antl began practice in company 
 with his brother, H. T. Wickham, with whom 
 he continued for three years. Failing health 
 then comi)elled him to abandon the profession 
 and he liegan farming. He has lately re-opened 
 his otfice here, and has resumed practice of the 
 pi'ofession. He has cases in all the courts, State 
 and Federal. 
 
 J.vMES I.KWis Anderson, attorney, of 1 and 3 
 Goddin Hall, is a native of Henry county, ^'a., 
 and is of a family w'hich was prominent in the 
 early settlement of the State, and also in Revo- 
 lutionary times. He graduated in law at the 
 L'niversity of Virginia in 1884, and a few months 
 later located in Richmond, where he has con- 
 tinued since ni the practice of liis ]>rofession. 
 
 His practice is of a general character. It takes 
 him into all the courts of the citv. State and 
 
 Federal, including the Supreme Court of the 
 State, and also into the Supreme Court of the 
 United States, and other tribunals of the Na- 
 tional capital. 
 
 He has been a member of tlie City Council of 
 Richmond, and is a member at present of the 
 Richmond Grain and Flour Exchange. Although 
 still a young man, he is highly regarded by 
 his brethren of the profession as an attorney of 
 al idity and attainments ; and his I'eputation has 
 earned him already a large patronage among 
 the business men of the city, which i)atronage 
 includes a number of large corporations. 
 
 George ,I. Hooper, Jr., attorney, of Ninth 
 and Main streets (the Hanewinckel Building), 
 is of note as a practitioner in chancery, and in 
 his specialty, litigation over real estate. He 
 has been a lawyer since 1S78. lie began soon 
 after his graduation from Richmond College — 
 in which he took both the academic and law 
 courses — as one of the firm of Davies & Hooper, 
 subsequently Carrington, Davies & Hooiier. 
 Since 1883 he has been practicing alone. He 
 was a member of the City Council from 1880 to 
 1884, and is now a member of the Cil^vmber of 
 Commerce. He is of a distinguished Virginia 
 
 GEORGE J. HOOPbK, Jr , A'to-ncy. 
 
 ance.stry. His paternal grandfather was in the 
 war of the Revolution, and one of his family 
 was a Signer of the Declaration. 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 283 
 
 Edward Beverly Slater, attorney at law, 
 Shafer's Building, was educated at H. X. 
 Academy and at the University of Virginia, 
 and has been practicing here about five 
 years. He is counsel fur the Tnited Merchants 
 of New York, and his jiractice extends to both 
 State and United States Courts. 
 
 On his father's side he is directly English. 
 On his mother's side he descends fmni the old 
 Yirgniia families of Vaidkn and I'.hwauds, trac- 
 ing back for many generations. 
 
 His uncle, Major A'ulosko Vaiden, was one of 
 the prime movers in the Readjuster umvement 
 of 1878. Mr. Slater, however, has not, up to 
 this time, actively engaged in politics, but has 
 given his attention strictly to his profession. 
 
 He is rising rajiiclly in his profession, and is 
 cimsidered one of the mast promising of the 
 vounger memliers of the Bur here. 
 
 E. BEVERLY SLATER, Attorney. 
 
 J. H. Webe-Peploe is regular counsel for 
 several corporations and large business houses of 
 importance. He has a large practice of a general 
 nature, and gives special attention to his in- 
 creasing commercial patronage. 
 
 Mr. Peploe is of Engli.sh birth, but lias lived 
 in this country twelve years, and in \'irginia 
 seven years. Hewasnaturalizedin l.sso. Hepre- 
 pared himself for the law at the ^laryland Uni- 
 versity, in Baltimore. He is a graduate of Hei- 
 delberg Uni'/ersity, and has the degree of Ph. 1). 
 
 of that celebrated institution He has travelled 
 extensively, is a tine linguist and an accom- 
 plished scholar, and is thoroughly versed in the 
 German and French languages. 
 
 He first began the practice of his profession 
 in ^larvlaud in L'^S.">. but soon alter l)is adiiii.^- 
 
 J. H. WEBB-PEPLOE, Attonitj. 
 
 sion to the Bar removed to \'irginia ; and the 
 practical wisdom of that step lias long ago been 
 jiroved. 
 
 He comes of a family of lawyers. His 
 grandfather was the late Kight Honorable 
 Lonl .lustice Lush, of the English Court of A\>- 
 peals, and of the Ciueen's Privy Council, and 
 also one of the three judges who sat in the cele- 
 brated "Tichborne Case." His Uncle is Mon- 
 tague Lush, "Q. C." (t^ueen's Counsel), of the 
 Inner Temple, London, England. 
 
 William Justis, Jr., attorney at law, of room 
 11 Merchants Bank Building, 110.3 Main street, 
 is one of the "youngest, but by no means hast, 
 among the members of the Richmond Bar. He 
 was admitted three years ago, and has been 
 practicing successfully and steadily since. He 
 has a general office and court practice, with no 
 specialty except, perhajis, real-estate business, 
 of which he does considerable. He is a na- 
 tive of Rockingham county, but has been resi- 
 dent here from his infancy, and he is well and 
 favorably known, both to the profession and the 
 public generally. 
 
284 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 Kn.Mi'Ni) Waudii.i., Jr., attorney at law, of the 
 Sliafor Biiildiiij;, liax been connty judge here, 
 anil was also, for several years, I'nited States 
 .Vttoriiey for the ICastern District of Virginia. 
 He has been a member of the .'<tate Legislature, 
 rejiresenting liis county, and was also a mem- 
 ber of the Fifty-iii-st Congress from this, the 
 Third \irginia, or ^letropolitan Congressional 
 District. .\nd although he has held these high 
 l)referments, he is as yet only in his thirty- 
 seventh year. 
 
 lie is of a family which has been identified 
 prominently with one locality of this State, 
 Charles City county, for two hundred years, lie 
 was born there and li veil there in h is youth. I le 
 came here in lS7o and prepared himself for the 
 15ar by study, privately, and also by taking the 
 summer law course at the Tniversity of Virginia. 
 His father, Kdmund Waddill, was clerk of the 
 Court of Charles City county for nearly forty 
 years, and it was while acting as assistant to 
 his father that he conceived the idea of pre- 
 paring for the Bar. His successes, coupled with 
 marked ability for the profession, have long 
 since established him in an extensive and re- 
 munerative practice, which takes him into all 
 
 S. R. GiNN, attorney at law, rooms 4, Ti and fi, 
 ".)05 Bank street, has a general practice in both 
 the State and Federal Courts. Mr. Ginn is a 
 native of Louisiana, but has lived here nearly 
 
 EX-JUDGE EDMUND WADDILL Jr 
 
 the higher courts. State and Federal, lie is, in 
 fact, one of the leading lawyers of the city and 
 State. 
 
 S. B GINN, Attorney. 
 
 thirty years. He abandoned journalism for the 
 ]iractice of law, in which he had already con.sid- 
 erable exjierience. Before engaging in it exclu- 
 sively he was a commissioner for all the States, 
 iiiitary public and justice for this county. 
 
 He has been president of the Brookland Dem- 
 ocratic Club for many years, and is a notal.ile 
 figure in jiolitics here. He is also president of 
 the Mutual Benefit Legion, an organization in- 
 corporated under the laws of Virginia, the 
 grand lodge of which is located in this city. 
 
 Mr. Ginn is also now pastor of the Evangeli- 
 cal Mission Church of this city, and is an earn- 
 est minister of the gospel. 
 
 1'eyton R. Carrington, abstractor of titles, 
 room 2, 1017 Bank street, has been established 
 .since 1S,S7, and has achieved such success in 
 this business as to be endorsed and recom- 
 mended by such leading law firms as Sands, 
 Pollard & Sands, Leake & Carter, David C. 
 Richardson, and other equally prominent legal 
 firms and luminaries. 
 
 Mr, Carrington is a Virginian l)y birth, and 
 has lived in the Virginia capital since ]8(i2. 
 Prior to the war he was a member of the firm 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 285 
 
 of Joseph L. Carrington & Son, proprietors of 
 the Bolingbroke Hotel, in Petersburg, and of 
 the old American, in Richmond. In 1861 he 
 joined the Petersburg Cavalry, and fought under 
 
 PEYTON R. CARRINGTON, Absfractor. 
 
 Chambers; but, being au educated and experi- 
 enced civil engineer, was shortly transferred to 
 the engineermg department, under Colonel A. 
 L. Reeves. He aided then in defence of the 
 city which he has since made his home. At 
 the close of the war he turned his attention to 
 fanning in the vicinity of the city, and five 
 years ago established himself in the al)stract 
 business. 
 
 OFFICIALS- 
 
 UNITED STATES, STATE, 
 CITY. 
 
 COUNTY AND 
 
 Otis H. Russell, Postmaster of Richmond, is 
 a native of Baltimore, but was raised in Peters- 
 burg, Va. He has held positions under the 
 Government for twenty-two years, one year 
 only excepted, and has bandied and collected, 
 in official capacities, over $4O,0UO,0U0 of United 
 States moneys. He was first appointed to a 
 place by President Andrew .Johnson in 1868, 
 as Collector of Revenue for the Fourth Dis- 
 trict of Virginia, with office in Manchester. 
 In May, 1875, be was appointed Collector of 
 Internal Revenue for I he Third District, with 
 office in Richmond, by President Grant. In 
 1877 he was reappointed by President Hayes. 
 
 In 1885 President Aithur api)ointed him Col- 
 lector of Customs for tlie Port of Richmond. 
 He held this office one month under Arthur 
 and three years and ten months under Cleve- 
 land. When Mr. Harrison was elected he was 
 appointed to his i^resent position, and has held 
 it since December, 1888. He is. as will be seen 
 from his record, a staunch Rei)ul)bcan. 
 
 Personally he is lield in esteem Ijy all wlio 
 know him. As postmaster, he has administered 
 the business of his office so as to forward as 
 much as possible the commerce of Richmond, 
 which efforts to advance the city are appreciated 
 biglily by the merchants and business men 
 generally. 
 
 John W. Fisher, Collector of Customs for the 
 Richmond District, is a native of lluckingbam 
 county, and was connected with the .shrievalty 
 there before the wai". During the war he was 
 captain of infantry in the Confederate army. 
 He was in Hiinton's Brigade, and later, with 
 Burton's, and was taken prisoner at Sailor's 
 Creek, carried to Jobiiscni's Island, and left 
 
 OTIS H, RUSSELL, 
 Postmaster of Richmond. 
 
 there until the 14lh of June, 186.i. At the close 
 of the war he went to Petersburg and entered 
 mercantile life there. He removetl from that 
 city to this and engaged in the conunission busi- 
 ness here, and afterwards he was appointed 
 
286 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 (leinity collector of the iiort ))y 0. H. Russell, 
 the former (•ollector and at ]iresent postmaster 
 of tlie city. When Mr. Russell's term expired, 
 lie was ai)pninted, to succeed him, by President 
 Harrison. He has charge of business ajigregat- 
 ing, annually, value.s of $(>,3S:!,000, of which 
 ^(i,26;i,O0O is exports of cotton, tobacco, flour, 
 cte., fuller details of which, however, are given 
 in another chapter. 
 
 X. J. Smitu, Oeputy United States Internal 
 Revenue Collector for this district, has entire 
 charge of the business done in the Richmond 
 oHice. He is a native of New York, but has 
 been a resident here since 18(1.'). He s)>ent lour 
 years with the "Boys in Blue" during his 
 campaigning with the armies of the James, 
 and then settled here, and entered the grocery 
 and liquor business, an<l continued in that line 
 up to the time of his appointment to the oliice 
 he now holds He has always been an active 
 Republican, and for several years was chairman 
 of the ('ity Republican Comnuttee. 
 
 
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 ^m- 
 
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 ''3R 
 
 ^^^^ 
 
 JUDGE H. W. FLOURNOY. 
 Secretary of the Comnnonwealth and General Librarian. 
 
 Judge H. W. Flourxov, Secretary of the Com- 
 monwealth and tieneral Librarian, was born in 
 Halifax county, Va., in 1841). He is a son of 
 Thomas S. Flournoy, born in Prince Edwai-d 
 county, Va., December 14, 1811, died in Halifax 
 county, Va., March, 183:i, and a grandson of 
 John James Flournoy, Ijorn in Prince Edward 
 
 county, Va., in 1870. At Clarksville, Mecklen- 
 burg, county, Va., June 8, 1871, be married 
 Kiisa Bnena, daughter of Henry Wood, Ksi]., of 
 that i^ounty. They have an only son, H. W. 
 Flournoy, Jr. Mrs. Flournoy's father, born in 
 Amelia county, Va., in 181:i, practiced law many 
 years in Mecklenburg and adjoining counties, 
 and died in Clarksville in 1882. 
 
 Juilge Flournoy attended school at the Samuel 
 1 )avis Institute, Halifax county ; T. T. Boulilin's, 
 Charlotte county ; John H. Powell's, Halifax 
 county, and the Pike Powers' School at Mount 
 Laurel, Halifax county. In January, 18(52, not 
 then sixteen years of age, he entered the Con- 
 federate States army. He served as a private 
 in Company G, Sixth Virginia Cavalry, until 
 wounded at Tom's Brook, Va., October 8, 18(14. 
 In Xovember following he was enrolled in the 
 Third Com])any, Richmond Howitzers, with 
 which he remained until the surrender at .Ap- 
 pomattox. In Sejitember, ]8(>7, Judge Flournoy 
 began the practice of law in Danville, Va. He 
 was elected .judge of the Corpoiation Court of 
 Danville June, 1870, and re-elected in 187(). Re- 
 signing this office on January 1, 1S7S, he re- 
 sumed practice in Halifax county. In 1881 he 
 settled in Washington county, and continued 
 jiractice of the law until, in 1883, he was elected 
 to the ottice he is now ably tilling, Secretary of 
 tlie Commonwealth of \'irginia, this making his 
 fifth term, he having been re-elected in 1885, 
 again in 1887, 1889 and 18!)1. 
 
 He has for his assistant Mr. CriAui.Rs Poix- 
 DKXTKR, who relieves him of his ilutics as 
 librarian. 
 
 Captain J.\.\iKs II. ( )' P,an'non, Superintendent 
 of Public Printing for the Commonwealth, is 
 now serving his third term — a fact indicating 
 iiow well qualified he is for the place. He is, 
 in fact, a master of the "art conservative," ex- 
 perienced in it from his youth, and he has been 
 a publishing and editing journalist for years. 
 He was foreman of the Stale newsjiajier office 
 here when he was calleil to serve the people in 
 his present ]>Iace. 
 
 He is a native of Charlestown, W. Va., and 
 before the war had a newspaper in wliat was 
 then still the Old Dominion. He was one of 
 the tirst enlisted when the crisis came in 18(il, 
 and served with sufficient distinction to return 
 with a commission after the war. He resumed 
 the newspaper business, and continued in it 
 until he came to this city in 1870 and engaged 
 with the State. He is an apjiointee of the Gen- 
 eral Assembly. 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 287 
 
 General 'James C. Hill, Railroad Commis- 
 sioner of Virginia, has official supervision of the 
 transportation business of the State. He has 
 
 GENERAL JAMES C HILL. 
 Railroad Commissioner of Vuginla. 
 
 filled that position for six years. He has risen 
 to it through various grades of public service, 
 and has earned the confidence of the people of 
 the ."^tate by his record in both peace and war. 
 
 He was born in Charles City county, ami was 
 educated at private schools there and here. In 
 early life lie was in mercantile business in tliis 
 city. Before the war he moved to Albemarle 
 county, and has been a resident there, the war 
 excepted, since IStiO. In 1861 he entered the 
 Confederate service as a private in Company E, 
 Forty-sixth Virginia Infantry, and when he wa.« 
 sliot at Petersburg, .Tune 14, 18li4, had earned tiic 
 rank of major. An empty sleeve (the rigid one) 
 indicates to what extent he was a participant in 
 defence of the soil and principles of his State. 
 
 From 18011 to 1873 he represented Albemarle 
 county in the Legislature, and for eight years 
 afterward was Sergeant-at-Arms of the Virginia 
 House of Delegates. From that office he stepped 
 into the one so ably tilled by him now. 
 
 Hon. J. Taylor Ellysox, present Mayor of 
 the city, is a native of Richmond, born hei'e in 
 1847. He was a school boy when lie entered 
 the Confederate army, in 1863, as a member of 
 the Second Company of the Richmond Howit- 
 
 zers, with which command he served until the 
 .surrender at Appomattox. After the war iMr. 
 Ellyson continued his studies at Richmond Col- 
 lege and at the I'niversity of N'irginia, which 
 latter institution he left in 1S()9 to enter mer- 
 cantile business in Richmond, as a member of 
 the lirm of Ellyson & Taylor. He was in the 
 liook and stationery business until 1878, when 
 he became business manager of the llilii/iniix 
 Iliriili}. He is now one of the owners of that 
 jiaper, and secretary and treasurer of the Re- 
 ligious Herald Company. 
 
 Mr. Ellyson first entered public life as a 
 memlier of the Common Council of the city, to 
 which office he was successively elected four 
 time.s. In two of his terms in the Council 
 be served as president of this body. In 
 188.5 he was elected representative of Rich- 
 mond city and Henrico county in the Stale 
 Senate. That position he resigned in 1888 to 
 accept the office of mayor of the city, to which 
 ofli<-e he has been twice re-elected. On the 1st 
 of July, 18112, he entered upon his third term. 
 
 He is, as mayor, president ex-oflicio of the 
 
 J TAYLOR ELLYSON. 
 Mayor of the City of Richmond. 
 
 I'.oard of Police Commissioners, and is also presi- 
 dent of the City School Board and a member 
 of the Boaril of Trustees of Richmond College. 
 He fakes, indeed, a lively interest in all that 
 concerns the wellfare of the city. 
 
288 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 Mr. l<",llyson lia.s been lu-tively identified, dur- 
 ing all his public life, with the inauageuient of 
 the Peniocratic party of the city and State. He 
 was a nieml)er of the State K.xecutive Coiiuiiit- 
 tce for several years, and for two years was its 
 chairman. He is now president of the Old Do- 
 minion Buildinj; and Loan Association and of 
 other organizations, and is actively identified 
 witli other business interests of the city. 
 
 Mr. Ellyson has also been closely identitied 
 with the religious as well as governmental and 
 educational inferests of the State for many years. 
 1 le is a niemiier of the Second Baptist Church 
 of Riclimond, has been corresponding secretary 
 of the Kducational Board of the Baptist Gen- 
 eral .Vssociation of Virginia for years, and has 
 served for tvvo terms as president of the Baptist 
 (ieneral Association of tlie State. 
 
 As mayor he has always advocated the own- 
 nership by the city of her gas and electric light 
 jilants, and the control of her water supply ; 
 and whil.st advocating generous expenditures 
 for the improvement of the city, he has always 
 insisted that tliese expenditures should be kepf 
 within the limits of her income. 
 
 CHARLES W GODDIN, 
 C.eik of the Chancery Court of the City of Richmond. 
 
 CiiAKLKs Winston (middin, the clerk of the 
 Chancery Court of Richmond, is a son of Wel- 
 lington and Eliza P. Winston Goddin. He 
 was bom October 29, 1853; attended private 
 
 schools until the age of fifteen years ; then was 
 a student of Richmond College for two years ; 
 then served as cashier for the St. Louis and Iron 
 Mountain Railroad Company at Belmont, Mo., 
 for one year. Resigning that position, he served 
 as deputy clerk of the Alexaniier County Court 
 at (Jairo, 111., for two years; then, resigning 
 that, he returned to Richmond and served three 
 years as assistant commissioner of revenue, and 
 then two years as deputy clerk of the Chancery 
 Court, to which office lie was elected as clerk, 
 and entered upon the discharge of the duties of 
 the same, on .Inly 1, LS8S. 
 
 Mr. Godilin married Susie Truehart Crutch- 
 field, daughter of the late (xeorge K. Crutch- 
 field, who represented Richmond in the Gene- 
 ral Assembly of Virginia for the years 1)S7() to 
 1878. They are the parents of seven children, 
 viz: Claudia Blair, .\ylett W., Cieorge Terrill, 
 Eliza Winston, Stuart, .Jennie Claiborne and 
 Charles AV., Jr. 
 
 Wn.i.iAM F. Fox, Superintendent of the Pub- 
 lic Schools of Richmond, is a native of King 
 William county. He was raised there, and 
 there in his youth passed tlirough a course at 
 Rumford Academy. From there he went to 
 Richmond College, and from thence to the Uni- 
 versity of A'irginia. He is a graduate of the 
 first named, and also of several of the schools 
 of the ITniversity. 
 
 .\fter graduation he taught in several private 
 schools here. In 18S1, ujion the organization 
 of a puljlic-school system for the city, he was 
 appointed jirincipal of one of the grammar 
 schools, and later was made principal of tlie 
 High School of the city, and he remained in 
 that position until 1889. He was elected su- 
 perintendent as successor to Colonel John B. 
 Cary in that year. 
 
 Under the principalship of Mr. Fox, tlie High 
 School expanded from an institution of fifty 
 pupils and two teachers to one of 600 pupils 
 and tw-enty teachers. It is practically a nor- 
 mal school, since from its alumni the primary 
 schools, not only here, but throughout the State, 
 get their teachers. 
 
 Mr. Fox was editor of flie }'iniiiii(i Ijhira- 
 tional. Joariinl for many years. He is a masterly 
 writer of English. 
 
 AV. C. Adams, superintendent of the Gas 
 Works owned by the city, is a native of Rich- 
 mond. He has been connected with the works 
 siii(« 1865. He was originally a machiiiist on 
 the Richmond and Danville Railroad, and he 
 held the same position with these works when 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 289 
 
 lie began. He has gradually worked his way^ 
 meanwhile, through the intermediate stages to 
 the sui)erintendeney, which position he has 
 held with credit for very many years. He has, 
 indeed, been instrumental in bringing the works 
 up to the high state of etticiency which charac- 
 terizes them now. 
 
 THE MEDIC.\L PROFESSION. 
 
 Dr, Is.\i.vir H. White, of 115 East Franklin 
 street, has been of note here as a physician and 
 surgeon for tliirty years. He was horn in Ac- 
 comac county, Va., in 1838. He is a graduate 
 of old William and Mary, and of the Medical 
 College of Virginia of this city, class of 18G1. He 
 entered upon his professional career, therefore, 
 just as the war began. 
 
 His earliest experiences of his vocation were 
 both active and practical. In April, 18(i2, he 
 entered the Confederate States Army as assis- 
 tant surgeon, and was assigned to the Chim- 
 borazo ^lilitary Hospital, then occupj'ing the 
 site of the present Chimborazo Park. In a very 
 short time he was appointed full surgeon and 
 assigned to field service with the Army of North- 
 ern Virginia, with which he remained until he 
 was assigned as surgeon in charge at Anderson- 
 ville early in 1864. In the summer of that year 
 he was made surgeon in charge of all the mili- 
 tary prisons of the South situated east of tlie 
 Mississippi, and served in that capacity until 
 the close of the war. 
 
 When the war was ended he settled here. In 
 18G5he was chosen demonstrator of anatomy in 
 the college which was his alma mater, the Med- 
 ical College of this city. In 18(J8 he assumed 
 management of the infirmary of the college, and 
 conducted it as a private infirmary for three 
 years. In March, 1886, he was appointed acting 
 assistant surgeon of the United States Marine 
 Hospital service. This position he still holds. 
 He is a member of the Southern Surgical and 
 Gyniecological Association, and of the Rich- 
 mond Academy of Medicine, and is an ex-presi- 
 dent of the last named. 
 
 Dr. White has a large and lucrative prac- 
 tice. He maintains a sanitarium at his resi- 
 dence, 115 East Franklin street, which is a 
 resort for the sick, combining the advantages of 
 a thoroughly equipped hospital, with the privacy 
 and comfort of an elegant home, situated in a 
 fashionable neighborhood. 
 
 The patients in this sanitarium are limited in 
 number, and are under his personal care. 
 
 The building occupied by it is elegantly furn- 
 ished ; the halls are heated bv hot water ; each 
 19 
 
 room has an open fire-place, and each is large, 
 airy, and fronts on the street, thus aftbrding an 
 abundance of fresh airand sunlight. 
 
 I. H. WHITE, M, D, 
 
 Turkish, electricand chemical baths, douches, 
 electrical treatment, trained nurses and attend- 
 ants, and massage and Swedish movement are 
 provided when required. 
 
 An illustration accompanying this matter 
 shows Dr. White's portrait. His Sanitarium, 
 l)hoto-engraved, is on page 140. 
 
 Dr. Edw.\rd McCrUiRE, physician and surgeon, 
 of 15 North Sixth sreet, is of an old Virginia 
 family that settled here early in the last cen- 
 tury, and was prominent among those of the 
 Revolutionary times. He graduated at the Uni- 
 versity of Virginia, and afterwards took a post, 
 graduate course at the New York Polyclinic. 
 After leaving that institution he was connected 
 for six years with St. Luke's Hospital, which is 
 under the management of the eminent surgeon. 
 Dr. Hunter McGuire. He is a member of the 
 Virginia State Medical Society and of the South- 
 ern Surgical and Gyncecological Association, 
 and also of the Richmond Academy of Medicine 
 and Surgery. 
 
 St. Luke's Home for the Sick, Dr. Hunter 
 McGuire's private hospital, is shown in the 
 illustration on page '2'M. It is situated on the 
 corner of Ross and Governor streets/'opposite 
 
2\){) 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 the Governor's Mansion and Capitol Square, 
 and is admirably constructed for the purpose to 
 which it is devoted. 
 
 It contains no wards, and its private rooms 
 arc larye, lijrht, airy and w-ell furnisheil. 
 
 This hospital is provided with an elevator, 
 telephone, electric bells, and all modei-n im- 
 provements, and its appointments tlirouiihout 
 are excellent. 
 
 Connected with it is a training school for 
 nurees, under t he charfie c if Dr. Sri ari' McGoike, 
 thus insuring- its patients careful and skilful 
 nursinj;. 
 
 St. Luke's was establisheil liy its present 
 owner nine years ago, and now has accommo- 
 dations for fifty-four ])atients, and is one of the 
 largest private infirma- 
 ries in the country. 
 
 ]>r. Hunter McGuire, 
 the surgeon in charge, 
 was Stonewall Jack- 
 son's medical director 
 during the war. He is 
 emeritus professor of 
 surgery at the Medic-al 
 College of Virginia, 
 and has been president 
 of State, National and 
 International Medical 
 and Surgical Associa- 
 tions. As a writer, 
 teacher and surgeon, 
 he has achieved world- 
 wide reputation. 
 
 Dr. George Ross, of 
 Richmond, is notable 
 among the medicos of 
 the city for his experi- 
 ence in the war, as an 
 instructor in and writ- 
 er on medical topics, as 
 the incumbent (past and present) of many re- 
 sponsible and lucrative professional positions, 
 and for his social status. 
 
 He is the eldest son of the late William Buck- 
 ner Ross and Elizabeth Mayo Thorn, of "Bel 
 Pre," Culpeper county, Va., in which county 
 he was born October 22, ISIJS, at Berry Hill, the 
 home of his grandparents. Colonel .lohn Thom 
 and his wife, Abby De Hart-Mayo, of "Powha- 
 tan Seat," the old Mayo homestead, near this 
 city. 
 
 He was educated in part by private tutors and 
 in part at the Virginia Military Institute, of 
 which he is a graduate of the class of '59. He 
 began the study of medicine that same year 
 
 on the " lOastern Shore" of the State with his 
 uncle. Dr. William Alexander Thom, and re- 
 ceived his degree in medicine at the University 
 of N'irginia in 18G1, just as the war liegan. 
 While pursuing his studies at that institution 
 he had organized a company of students, and 
 for this service he was commissioned lieutenant 
 commanding upon the day of the passage of the 
 N'irginia ordinance of secession. 
 
 From December, 1861, he wasactively engaged 
 as an army surgeon, at first as assistant in the 
 Richmond military hospitals, but in ]8(i3, as 
 medical director on General A. P. Hill's staf!'. 
 Army of ISorthern X'lrginia, ordered for service 
 at Gettysburg, and in l.S(i4 detached and as- 
 signed to the Virginia Military Institute. At 
 
 ST. LUKE'S HOME FOR THE SICK, DR. HUNTER McGUIRE'S PRIVATE HOSPITAL, 
 
 the battle of New Market he was surgeon in 
 charge of the corps of cadets of that college, 
 and he held this position until the fall of 
 Richmond. 
 
 After the war he established him.self at 
 Richmond. For eight years he was lecturer at 
 the Medical College here, filling the chairs 
 of anatomy and minor surgery, (iovorncr 
 Walker appointed him a member of Virginia's 
 first State Board of Health, and Governor 
 Fitz Hugh Lee appointed him a member of 
 the Board of Visitors of the Virginia Slilitary 
 Institute. 
 
 He is chief surgeon of the Richmond and 
 Danville Railroad, appointed in 1886, and is 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 291 
 
 division surgeon also of the Cliesapealie and 
 Oliio. He is medical examiner for the Penn- 
 sj'lvania Mutual Life Insurance Company, of 
 Philadelphia; the Fidelity Life, of the same 
 city; the Brooklyn (N. Y.) Life; the United 
 States Jliitual Accident Association, of New- 
 York; and the Railway Officials and Employes' 
 Accident Association of Indianapolis, Ind. He 
 is a member of the Southern Surgical and Gy- 
 niccological Society, the Richmond Medical and 
 Surgical Society, and the National Association 
 of Railway Surgeons. He is a member, also, of 
 the vestry of St. Paul's church, Richmond ; a 
 Scottish Rite Mason of the thii-tieth degree; 
 and a Royal Arch Mason of Cliapter 4:!, this 
 city. 
 
 He married, in ISlio, Annie Elizabeth, the 
 eldest child of .Tames Alexander Beckham and 
 Frances Jackson Alcocke, of Culpeper county. 
 
 His practice largely absorbs his attention, 
 and his writing of late has been confined to 
 reporting cases foi- the medical journals and 
 commenting thereon. 
 
 William F. Fakrak, M. D., of 701 East Frank- 
 lin street, is a native of Richmond, and is of a 
 family which is connected wdth the Kentucky 
 Clays. He is a nephew of Edwin Farrar, who 
 was at one time Recorder of the city. He has 
 been practicing here ever since 1S.5G, for six 
 years of that time as physician at the County 
 Hospital of Henrico, and for four years as a 
 Confederate surgeon in charge of the troops 
 holding the city while it was besieged. He is a 
 graduate of .lefferson College, Philadelphia. He 
 has been a farmer also of this vicinity. He 
 is a member of the Virginia ^Medical Society 
 and of the Richmond College of Medicine and 
 Surgery. 
 
 .ToHN S. Wkli.foud, !^L D., of ol.'i East Grace 
 street, has been prominent as a practitioner of 
 medicine in this part of the country for the last 
 forty years. He was educated in part at the 
 University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, and 
 by private tutors, among them, his father. Dr. 
 Beverly R. Wellford, a distinguished physician. 
 He practiced at first in Fredericksburg, his 
 native city, for fourteen years ; then he spent a 
 year at Paris in special study. He entered the 
 Confederate service in 1861 as a surgeon of the 
 Nintli Virginia, Armistead's Brigade, and was 
 afterwards senior surgeon of the same brigade. 
 Then he was division surgeon, in charge of the 
 Jackson hospital, until the close ot the war. In 
 186.5 he began piactice in this city, and in 1S68 
 he was elected professor of materia 'medica and 
 
 therapeutics in the Virginia Medical College 
 here. He was afterwards transferred to the 
 chair of diseases of women and children in the 
 same institution, a place he still holds. He is 
 an ex president of the Richmond Academy of 
 ^ledicine and a member of the National Medi- 
 cal Association. 
 
 Dr. J. B. jMcCaw, who is president of the board 
 of trustees of the Richmond Eye, Ear, Nose and 
 Thioat Infirmary, ex-president also of the 
 Mozait Association, an organization of a very 
 large membership, famous throughout this part 
 ol tlie country for its patronage of music, and 
 ex-president besides of the West.noreland Club, 
 the leading social organization of the city, has 
 his office at 600 East Grace street, the same 
 l)lace occupied by his great-great uncle, Dr. 
 James ^IcClary, who was notalile as a surgeon 
 in the Revolutionary army. 
 
 Dr. jNIcCaw is a native of Richmond. He is 
 a graduate of the University of New York, and 
 was a student in the hospitals of that city. He 
 was Dean of the Medical College of Virginia for 
 twenty-eight years, and is still one of its boanl of 
 visitors. During the war he founded Chimbo- 
 razo Hospital, in which 76,000 patients were 
 treated, the greatest record ever made by an in- 
 stitution of that character — a record, indeed, only 
 approached by that of the Lincoln Hospital at 
 AVashington, D. C, which was 46,000. Chim- 
 borazo Hospital had a staff of forty doctors, over 
 whose labors he was medical director. 
 
 Dr. Lewis Wheat, of (CI East Franklin street, 
 Richmond, is a native of Rockingham- county, 
 this State. He graduated at the Medical Col- 
 lege of \'irginia in this city in 1881, and has 
 practiced here ever since. He was associated 
 for five years with Dr. Hunter INIcGuire, both 
 in office practice, and at St. Luke's Home, Dr. 
 ISIcGuire's Infirmary. He is a member of the 
 ]\Iedical Society of Virginia, and of the South- 
 ern Surgical and Gyn;ccological Association. 
 
 Charles H. Chalkley, M. D., of 308 East 
 Grace street, is a member of the Adjunct Faculty 
 of the Medical College of Virginia, and assistant 
 to the professor of chemistry of that institution, 
 and also professor of chemistry at the Virginia 
 Mechanics Institute School of Technology. He 
 is a member of the Medical Society of Virginia 
 and of the Richmond Academy of Medicine 
 and Surgery ; and u}) to two vears ago he was 
 surgeon also ot the First Virginia Regiment of 
 Volunteer Infantry. He was physician at the 
 Alms House Hospital here for a while, and at 
 the Smallpox Hospital then for two years. He 
 
292 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAlVffiS. 
 
 is ii luitivo of INnvluitaii coiiiitv, Init was raised 
 liere. He was eiiiicated at Kielimond ('olletre 
 and tiiok a medical course afterward at the 
 Medical Collefie of Viri.'iiiia. He rei'eived bis 
 di|iloma in IssO. 
 
 Dr. W. T. (Ii'I'knui.mim;, of 10(i North Ninth 
 street, is president of the Kichmond Board of 
 Health, and has held that ollice for the last live 
 years. He is now scrvinj; his third term in a 
 position indicating, to some extent, his stand- 
 ing in tlie profession he follows. He has other 
 marks of distinction in it however. He is a 
 member in high standing of the Virginia State 
 Medical .Society and the Richmond Academy of 
 Medicine, and is ex-assistant professor of sur- 
 gery of the Medical College of Virixinia. He is 
 a native of Fluvanna county, and was educated 
 in the ordinary .scholastic branches in the Rich- 
 mond College and AVashington ami Lee l^niver- 
 sity. He took his tirst coui-se in medicine in the 
 Virginia Medical College here, and an additional 
 course at the University of New York, and was 
 for a year and a half at Bellevue Hospital, and 
 house surgeon when he left there. He returned 
 here in 1884, and has been one of the most suc- 
 cessful i)ractitioners here since. 
 
 Dr. W. H. T.VYLOR, analytical chemist, of 606 
 East Grace street, is professor of chemistry (ap- 
 pointed in 1870) and special lecturer on medical 
 jurisprudence in the Medical College of Virginia 
 here, and is also professor of science in the 
 Richmond High School. He was a surgeon of 
 the Nineteenth regiment of Virginia infantry 
 during the war, and after it was over returned 
 here and engaged in general practice as a phy- 
 sician and surgeon. He was appointed coroner 
 here in 1872 and was commissioned State 
 Chemist by Governor Walker the following 
 year, and these positions he still holds. He 
 delivers a systematic course of lectures on Med- 
 ical .lurisprudenceatthe Medical College here— 
 a task for which his extensive experience as 
 coroner thoroughly qualifies him. He is an 
 authority upon pathological and toxicological 
 chemistry and an expert in all matters involving 
 practical knowledge of chemistry, particularly 
 commercial and sanitary chemistry, and also 
 upon the subject of poisons, which has long 
 been a specialty w-ith him. 
 
 Dr. M. L. James, whose office is at the corner 
 of Grace and Fifth street, is professor of the 
 Ri-actice of Medicine in the Medical College of 
 Virginia and is consulting physician and ''sur- 
 geon of the dispensaiy stiiflof that institution 
 He is a native of Goochland county, He was 
 
 educated at Richmond College and at the I'ni- 
 versity of Virginia, in their literary courses, and 
 in medicine at the I'niversity of Virginia and 
 .Jcfl'erson Medical College of Philadelphia. He 
 took his professional degree at the latter school. 
 He is ex-president of the Richmond Academy 
 of Jledicine and Surgery, and he holds several 
 honorary preferments in his profession. He has 
 a large private practice. 
 
 Dr. .Ia.mes N. Kli.is, of 10!) West Grace sti'eet, 
 is superintendent of the City Dispensary, and 
 has charge of the surgical room of that institu- 
 tion, a fact indicating his qualifications for the 
 profession he follows. He is a native of lju<-k- 
 inghani county, and is a graduate of the Medi- 
 cal College of Virginia. He took his degree 
 there in 1888 and began practice that same year 
 as surgeon at the Retreat for the Sick in this 
 city. After considerable experience there he 
 began in private practice. He is a member of 
 the Virginia State Medical Society, and also 
 of the Richmond Academy of Medicine and 
 Surgery. 
 
 DENTISTS. 
 
 Dr. H. C. Jones, dentist, of 01.5 F'ast ]Main 
 street, has been a participant in public affairs 
 here and is thoroughly well known in that 
 character as well as professionally. He is, in 
 fatt, a man of high standing in the community. 
 He was, until recently, president of the Virginia 
 
 HENRY C, JONES, D. D. S. 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 29S 
 
 Mechanics Institute and colonel of the First 
 Virginia Regiment of Infantry \'olunteers. In 
 1.S88 he was director-general of the Virginia 
 Exposition, which aroused great interest among 
 the people of otlier jiarts of the country, and was 
 nf remarkable advantage to Richmond, as subse- 
 quent developments show. He is also a mem- 
 ber of the Chamber of Commerce, and one of its 
 committee on the State Exposition. 
 
 As a dentist, Br. .Tones has no superior here. 
 He is a native of the city and a graduate of the 
 Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, class of 1870 
 and 1871. He began to practice as soon as he 
 liad received his diploma, and has been con- 
 tinuously engaged in his profession ever since. 
 
 who, after a term of practice with their father, 
 graduated in dentistrv and medicine at his alma 
 
 GEORGE B STEEL D. D, S, 
 
 Dr. George B. Steel, dentist, of '-'■> East 
 Main street, is one of the oldest, that is to say, 
 longest engaged in the practice of his profession, 
 of the local denti.»ts. He has l)een in the busi- 
 ness for thirty-five years. He is of a prominent 
 \'irginia family, an ex-member of the C'ity 
 Council, and is at present a member of the 
 State Legislature. He is, therefore, a nota- 
 ble man aside from his business. He has the 
 very latest improvements of a mechanical de- 
 scription, and he maintains a remarkably com- 
 plete establishment. 
 
 He is assisted in the management of his busi- 
 ness by his sons, Charles L. and Frank R., 
 
 CHARLES L. STEEL, D, D. S. 
 
 mater, the University of Maryland. At thi.s 
 same college they held, in its dental depart- 
 
 FRANK R. STEEL, D D. S. 
 
•2U4r 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 mont, iiflcr tlicir graiiiuitidii, tlic iiosiitiims, re 
 siiectivelv, of demoiisti-atov and assistant denioii- 
 stratorof operative dentistry, and tliey resigned 
 tliese iiositions to engage actively in dentistry in 
 company witli him. 
 
 Tlie specialty of tlie firm is liridge and ci-owii 
 work and the latest improved artificial dentures. 
 
 JOHN MAHONY, D. D. S, 
 
 Dr. ,)oiiN M.MioNY, dentist, of 625 East Main 
 street, is a native of Ireland, but he came to this 
 country when an infant. He mastered his busi- 
 ness under leading dentists of New York city in 
 the '40's. There was then no dental college in 
 the world. He was with Dr. James Alcock 
 there, one of the most prominent men in tlie 
 profession. He has been established here for 
 forty-four years, and is the oldest practitioner of 
 the city. He was in the Onfederate service 
 during the war. He is a director of the Vir- 
 ginia State Insurance Company, th(> Burton 
 Electric Heating Company, the Granite Per- 
 petual Building and Savings Association, and 
 the German American Banking and Building 
 Company. 
 
 Dr. Mahony is sixty-eight years old, but 
 still hale and hearty, and devoted to his busi- 
 ness. He was a prime mover in the founding 
 of the State Dental Association of Virginia. 
 
 Dr. George F. Keesee, dentist, of 627 East 
 Main street, is a native of the city, and is of an 
 old Virginia family. He prepared himself for 
 
 his i)rofession at the Baltimore College of Denta 
 Surgery, the oldest dental college in the world ; 
 this was after he returned from service in the 
 Confederate army, in which he was one of 
 l^ifteenth Regiment Virginia Life Guards. He 
 liegan practice here in 1869, and has a iirofitable 
 patronage among the best people of the city. 
 His specialty is the filling and saving of natural 
 teeth, and also artificial dentures. He has been 
 secretary of the Virginia State Dental Associa- 
 tion ever since it was organized, and has been 
 secretary of the Richmond Royal Arcli Chapter 
 A. F. and A. M. for twenty-six years. 
 
 Charles A. Meeckr, dentist, of ."07 East Main 
 street, had ancestors in the Revolutionary war, 
 and is of a family which was one of those that 
 originally settled the ( )ld Dominion. He is a 
 native of the city and a gi-aduate of the Baltimore 
 Dental College. He is ex-president of the State 
 Dental Association, and is an ex-member of the 
 
 C. A, MERCER, D. D. S. 
 
 State Board of Dental Examiners. He has a good 
 practice, and is notable for efficiency in opera- 
 tive dentistry, which is his specialty. He is 
 past master of St. John's Lodge, F. and A. M., 
 No. 36, of this city. 
 
 The Davisons, dentists, of 629 East Main 
 street, are three in number. Dr. F. Davison, 
 established here in the profession since 1856, 
 and his two sons, G. J. and W. F. Davison, 
 both practitioners of long standing also. 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 205 
 
 The elder Davison is a native of Bedford 
 county, and a graduate in Medicine of Geneva 
 College, 2s. Y. He was a dentist for several 
 years in Bedfoi'd, before he came here. During 
 the war he invented a machine to make bullets. 
 He lias made other improvements and inven- 
 tions, but has realized httle from them because 
 he has devoted himself closely to the pursuit 
 of his profession. Dr. G. J. Davison, his elder 
 son, studied at the Richmond Medical College 
 and also at the New York College of Den- 
 tistry. After graduation he returned here, 
 practiced foi' a while at Lexington, and then 
 joined his father. He is an inventor also. 
 He lias a dental patent known as tlie "separa- 
 tor" which lias found favor wherever it lias 
 lieen introduced. He has invented a machine 
 also for steel tip plates for shoe soles and heels 
 which promises to be very vakiable. Shoe men 
 pronounce it the best in the market. Dr. 
 \V. F. Davison graduated from the Baltimore 
 I lental College, and after considerable expe- 
 rience here under liis father, eight years ago, 
 associated himself with his fatlier and lirotlier. 
 As dentists they make a specialty of "crown 
 work" and "regulating." They liavc a large 
 and profitalile practice. 
 
 W, WYTHE DAVIS, D. D. S. 
 
 sity of Maryland. He took his degree there at 
 the session of 1890 and 1891, and began prac- 
 ticing here in the same year. He is a young 
 man of ability and energy, and is rapidly ac- 
 quiring a lucrative practice. He has a very 
 tasteful and commodious office. 
 
 W. Wythe Davis, D. D. S., of 915* East 
 Main street, is a native of the city and a grad- 
 uate of the dental department of the Univer- 
 
 P P STARKE, D. D S. 
 
 Dr. P. P. Starke, dentist, of 12.3 Broad street, 
 has been practicing his profession here for the 
 past four years. He is a graduate in dentistry 
 of the University of Maryland, Baltimore, and 
 is a member of the Virginia State Dental 
 Association. 
 
 He has served on the committees of dental 
 education, operative dentistry, etc., of that 
 association nearly all the time he has been 
 established here. He lias given his attention to 
 ojierative dentistry, and has built up a largi- 
 practice. 
 
 Dr. Starke is a native of this State. He was 
 born twenty-nine years ago near Ciooilall's Tav- 
 ern, Hanover county, and is a descendant of 
 General Starke of Revolutionary fame, and also, 
 through liis grandmother, IMary Bruce Brown, 
 from the Bruces of Scotland. After leaving 
 school he followed the business of a compositor 
 for some years, but gave that up to study the 
 profession he now pursues. He is well known 
 in Hanover and adjoining counties, where he 
 first began practice. 
 
•296 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 W. E. DORSET, D D. S. 
 
 W. M. Wadk, Dentist, of 301 East Jlaiii stivi-t, 
 is a native of Albemarle county, and studied 
 dentistry at the Baltimore College of dental 
 surgery, session of 187()-'77. He began practice 
 first inScottville, Va., and continued there untU 
 1889. He then moved here and since has built 
 up a very good practice. 
 
 W. M. WADE, D, 0. S, 
 
 W. E. Dorset, dental surgeon, of 102 North 
 ."Seventh street, is a native of Chesterfield 
 county, across the river from the city. He 
 studied dentistry at the University of Maryland, 
 and graduated there in 1885. He began prac- 
 tice here in 1887, and he is now establisbe<l in 
 a very excellent business. He is considi'ied 
 one of the most proficient of the younger men 
 engaged in the business here. 
 
 PULPIT CELEBRITIE.S. 
 
 liN the person of the Rev. Mose,s Drury Hoge, 
 D. D., LL. D., pastor of the Second Presbyte- 
 rian Church of this city, Richmond has a great 
 pulpit orator and divine, eminent not alone in 
 this part of the country, but in the Xortli and 
 in Europe as well, through his particiiiation 
 (and by his addresses especially) in convoca- 
 tions, evangelical and international, for the most 
 part, in character. 
 
 He has been pastor of the Second Presbyterian 
 Church here for forty-eight years ; has held no 
 other pastorate, in fact, but that, since his ordi- 
 nation. The temple that houses this congrega- 
 tion was built in 1848 under his ministration ; 
 from the parent stem of that congregation the 
 Fourth Presbyterian Church has branched, and 
 when, in 1890, the annivereary of his 4.5th year of 
 service as shepherd of his flock occurred, com- 
 memorative services were held, in which preach- 
 ers of other denominations joined, and distin- 
 guished Virginians paid theirtribute; and Grover 
 Cleveland expressed his regret that he could not 
 be present. 
 
 A "Patriarch in Zion," he is regarded here, 
 endeared to the people of Richmond by many 
 lovable qualities. He was the founder of the 
 Old Market Mission, which the court records 
 show has reclaimed from vice and squalor, in 
 large measure, one of the worst purlieus of the 
 city. During the war he was a Confederate 
 camp and hospital chaplain. In 1804 he ran 
 the blockade, as grand colporteur of the armies 
 of the South, and returned from England with 
 a precious freight of bibles and religious works, 
 donated by the Foreign Bible Society of Great 
 Britain. 
 
 The honors of his high calling have been 
 literally showered upon him. Hampden-Sidney 
 conferred the degree of D. D. upon him in 1So4 ; 
 Washington and Lee, of L. L D. in 1886. In ]87o 
 he was delegate to the session of the Evangelical 
 Allianceheld that year in New York ; in 1875 was 
 moderator of the Southern General Assembly of 
 the Presbyterian Church, St. Louis ; and in the 
 same year he delivered the address at the un- 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 297 
 
 veiling of the statue of "Stonewall" Jackson 
 by invitation of the Legislature of Mrginia. 
 Again in 1877 he was delegate to the Pan Pres- 
 byterian Council, Edinburg ; in 18S4, delegate 
 to the Alliance of Reformed Churches of the 
 "World, Copenhagen ; in 1888, commissioner to 
 the -Vlliance of Reformed Churches, London ; 
 and in isiio, delegate to the conference of the 
 Evangelical Alliance, Boston. 
 
 It is not top much to say that his oratory 
 charmed these assemblies and established his 
 reputation for ripe scholarship, superior powers 
 of description and polished rhetoric, even in 
 extemporaneous delivery, which is his usual 
 habit. He is also a clever writer, and as a lec- 
 turer, occasionally, particularly after his tour of 
 
 REV. DR. MOSES D. HOGE. 
 
 the Holy Land and Orient in IS.SO, shows that 
 he possesses graphic powers of an exceptional 
 order. 
 
 Dr. Hoge was born seventy-four years ago at 
 Hampden-Sidney, Prince Edward county, \'a. 
 He is of Scotch ancestry, and of a family which 
 has been settled in Virginia for more than a 
 hundred and fifty years. His forefathers on 
 both sides were ministers. He is therefore, as 
 his biographer declares, emphatically of the 
 Tribe of Levi. He has four children living, all 
 of whom are grown. M. D. Hoge, Jr., M. D., 
 of this city, is his son. 
 
 TEIE CATHOLIC CHURCH .\ND INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 The following brief account of the Catholic 
 
 Church and institutions in Richmond, its schools 
 and charities particular!}-, is compiled from a 
 sketch of the Church in Richmond by Rev. A. 
 M. Keily. 
 
 The first Catholic service in Richmond was a 
 celebration of mass in the winter of 1791-92, just 
 a hundred years ago, by the Abbe Dubois, one 
 of the distinguished priests driven out of France 
 by the Reign of Terror, who was furnislied the 
 assembly chamber of the then new Capitol fcir 
 it. It was not until ISK;, however, that the 
 number of Catholics in the city justified regular 
 services. A congregation formed then, leasetl 
 the Presbyterian Church at Main and Twenty- 
 seventh streets, where Hardgrove's tobacco 
 factory now is. The first resident priest was 
 Rev. John Mahoney, 1820-21. 
 
 Virginia was constituted a bisho]iric in 1.S20 
 by Pope Pius VII, and Rev. 1'atrick Kelly, 
 president of Birchfield College, Ireland, was 
 sent out as its first bishop. He sent Fatlier 
 James Walsh to Richmond in 1821, but it 
 appearing shortly that the establishment of the 
 bishopric was premature. Bishop Kelly returned 
 to Ireland and Father Walsh w'ith him. The 
 little flock here was not, however, left without 
 its shepherd ; Father TuOiMAS Hoke, a zealous 
 Irish priest came hither. He built the first 
 Catholic church of the city in 182.5, on a lot 
 situated on the Marshall street between Third 
 and Fourth, which was a bequest from Joseph 
 Gallego, founder of the great flour mills of the 
 same name here. This ground was afterward 
 lost in a law suit, growing out of the probate of 
 • iallego's will, but was bought uj) again by the 
 church authorities. The church upon it was 
 about 30 by 40 feet, a modest tabernacle, but for 
 the time, sufficient. 
 
 The arrival of Father Timothy O'Brien marks 
 the beginning of an important period in the 
 history of the Church in Richmond — a period of 
 notable growth and development. Under his 
 ministrations the church at Eighth and Grace 
 streets, St. Peter's, now the Cathedral of the 
 diocese, was built. It was dedicated in 183.5. 
 At his request, also, the Sisters of Charity from 
 Emmettsburg, Md., came here and founded St. 
 Joseph's Orphan Asylum upon the property 
 bought from the Gallego estate. This place is 
 still occupied by them. Attached to it, and 
 under the charge of sisters, is a school for girls, 
 the revenue from which is devoted to the sup- 
 port of the orphans. 
 
298 
 
 THE CITT ON THE JAMES. 
 
 The diocese of Virginia was reerecteJ in 1840. 
 Bishop Kriiard \'. AViiki.ax, consecrateil in 
 1S41, devoted liiniself assiduously to amiilitica- 
 
 1 
 
 
 RT. REV. A. VAN DE VYVER, 
 R. C. Bishop of Richmond. 
 
 tion of the j»od work begun by the fathere be- 
 fore him. I'nder hira a college was built in the 
 suburbs, as a seminary and boys' school, which 
 was afterward abandoned, b\it not befoi-e some 
 distinguished priests had proceeded from it. 
 Under him also the Catholic (Jermaxs of the 
 city were provided with a separate place of 
 worship, the church on Marshall street, between 
 Third and Fourth, built in lS-51, and also with a 
 school, which are entrusted to the ministrations 
 of the benedictine fathers, with Rev. Willibold 
 Baiwigartser, O. S. B., as pastor and principal 
 of them, respectively. The engraving on page 
 ;>! of this work is a cut of them. 
 
 In I8.1O the diocese was divided, and part of 
 the State now included in West Virginia was 
 set off as another bishopric. This year came to 
 Richmond the learned, eloquent and truly Chris- 
 tian Bishop .Ioii.nOIcGii.l, distinguished here as 
 a citizen as well as churchman. He was incum- 
 bent of the office during the dark days of the 
 war; and no more ardent champion of the 
 Southern faith and cause was to be found here. 
 During his term in 18-39, St. Patrick's Church, 
 at Twenty- lifth and Grace streets, was built, and 
 
 the Cathedral was enlarged ; and during his term 
 also the Visitation Convent School, Monte 
 Maria (page 3."i) on Churdi Hill, established 
 for the higher education of young ladie.'^, and 
 St. Patrick's Scnooi. for tiiRL-s, which is under 
 the direction of the Sistere of Charity, were 
 built up. He died in this city January 14, 1872, 
 just twenty years ago, generally lamented. 
 
 He was succeeded by bishop, afterward arch- 
 bishop, and now Cardinal GiBiioxs, of Balti- 
 more. Two substantial monuments of bis live 
 yeai-s' labors are left : The Home of the Little 
 Sisters OF THE Poor, !Main and Harvie streets, 
 a noble charity, in which, under the name 
 "St. Sophias Home," the aged and helpless of 
 both sexes are cared for liy the good sisters, 
 without re^rd to religious distinctions ; and 
 St. Peter's School for Boys, Ninth and Mar- 
 shall streets, a school which has an attendance 
 of 300, and is under the direction of the Xave- 
 RiAX Brothers. 
 
 Rt. Rev. J. .1. Keax-e succeeded to the bishop- 
 ric in 1877. His name is still familiar to the 
 l>eople of Richmond, irrespective of creed, as 
 that of a scholarly, learned and eloquent divine. 
 He inaugurated work among the colored [leople 
 and called to his assistance, for that jMirpose, 
 
 V. R. JOSEPH FRIOLI, V. G. 
 
 Rev. JoHx R. Slattebt. They succeeded in 
 providing for the amelioration of the dependent 
 race, a chiu-ch, school and convent : St. Joseph's 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 299 
 
 Chubch and School at Fourteenth and Jackson 
 streets, and the convent of the Sisters of St. 
 Francis, at Firet and I)uval streets. Under 
 Bishop Keane also was built the Ciiirch of 
 THE Sacred Heart on Floyd avenue, of which 
 Rev. J. B. O' Kelly is pastor. 
 
 Bishop Keane is now the rector of the Cath- 
 olic University of America, Washington, D. C. 
 Associated with him in his work here, were 
 several priests who were afterward advanced to 
 high honor in the church : Revs. F. Jaxssexs, 
 A. Vax de Vvver, and H. .1. O'C'osxell, D. D. 
 Father .lanssens left Richmond as bishop of 
 Natchez, and is now the distinguished arch- 
 bishop of New Orleans. I>r. O'Connell — in 
 heart a son of 
 Richmond still — 
 is rector of the 
 American College 
 at Rome. Father 
 Van de Vyver be- 
 came successor of 
 Bishop Keane in 
 office. 
 
 The Rt. Rev. A. 
 Van de Vyver, 
 D. D., Catholic 
 bishop of Rich- 
 mond, is a native 
 of Belgium. He 
 studied theology 
 at the American 
 College, Louvain, 
 Belgium, was or- 
 dained priest in 
 1870, came to Vir- 
 ginia the same 
 year; was station- 
 ed at the Cathe- 
 dral for several 
 years, transferred 
 to Harper's Fer- 
 ry, West Va., in 
 
 May, 1875, and recalled to Richmond and made 
 vicar-general May 1, 1S81. He was consecrated 
 bishop of this diocese, embracing the North- 
 eastern part of West Virginia, and all of Vir- 
 ginia east of the Blue Ridge, October 20, 1889. 
 
 The ability and energy already displayed by 
 him, in the administration of the diocese, is 
 promise of a carrying forward of the splendid 
 work begun by his predecessors. He has set 
 himself to add to the number and efficiency of 
 the institutions already established, and in this 
 work has the hearty assistance of the vicar gen- 
 eral. Father Fkioli. 
 
 V. Rev. Joseph Frioli, vicar-general of Rich- 
 mond diocese, was bom in Portsmouth, Va., 
 OctoVjer 20th, 1853. He studied the cla-ssics at 
 St. Charles College, Md., and theology at St. 
 Man,-'s Seminary, Baltimore, Md. He was or- 
 dained December 2.';rd, 1882, appointed pastor 
 of Keyser, We.st Va., Januarj- 3, 18S3, and re- 
 moved to Richmond and made ^icar-general of 
 the diocese (Jctober 20th. 18.89. 
 
 Rev. E. M. Tearse^-, assistant at the Cathe- 
 dral, was born at Harper's Ferry, AVest Va., 
 .January 10th, ls.58. He studied at St. Charles 
 College, Maryland, and afterwards at the Ame- 
 rican College, Rome, was ordained ilay 19th, 
 1.S.S3, appointed to the Cathedral, as assistant, in 
 
 ST PETER S ROMAN CATHOLIC CATHEDRAL, A\C BISHOPS KESITENCE. 
 
 July 1883, and made chancellor of the diocese 
 in 1885. 
 
 Accompanying this text, protraits of the 
 bishop and Father Frioli are presented, and 
 also an engra\'ing of the Cathedral and residence 
 of its clergy. 
 
 OTHER XOTABLES. 
 
 The "Leader" issued by the Leader Pub- 
 lishing Company, of Ma>xhester, is an after- 
 noon penny paper, established four years ago, 
 and having a circulation of about 1,200. It is 
 the only daily in the Senatorial district, em- 
 
300 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 bi-aring the counties of Chesterfield, I'owhatan, 
 iiiul Goochland, and the city of Manchester, 
 and the only penny jiaper in the State. It has 
 
 near hy, his early years were passed amid sur- 
 roundings characterized by all that is beautiful 
 in nature and in an environment free from the 
 temptations of city life. Inheriting from his 
 father artistic gifts and aesthetic tastes, it is 
 small wonder that after receiving a collegiate 
 education, with the intention of studying law, 
 Ids inclinations should declare themselves in 
 his choice of the lithographic business as the 
 field of his labors. 
 
 After a thorough business training in the 
 Baltimore house of A. Hoen & Co., he came to 
 Richmond in 1,S77, and assumed charge of the 
 establishment of the house here. In this un- 
 dertaking he was speedily successful ; to it he 
 brought a thorough knowledge of the business, 
 and a mind generally well stored by studj' and 
 observation. Like his father and mother, an 
 ardent lover of music, he was one of the original 
 i iici irporators of the Mozart Musical Association, 
 an institution that has delighted thousands of 
 jiutrons, and not only made music of a high 
 class fashionable here, but has served as an in- 
 centive to youth to cultivate the soul inspiring 
 muse. With no desire for high political or 
 social honors, he lives quietly and happily in a 
 
 BENJAMIN P. OWEN, Ji , 
 Editor of the " Leader," Manchestef. 
 
 a fine inechanical equipment, including an out- 
 fit for making its own engraved illustrations, 
 and a job office is run in connection with it by 
 it.s owners, who are prominent business men of 
 Manchester. 
 
 A. L. Ad.vmsox, leading real estate agent, is 
 its president ; H. C. BE.wriE, of H. C. & D. D. 
 Beattie, vice-president; and Ben.iamin P. Owen, 
 Jr., se(^retary and treasurer and editor. The 
 directors are these gentlemen and J. F. Bradley, 
 1). L Toney, member of the legislature repre- 
 senting Chesterfield and Powhatan counties ; 
 W. !>. Moody and E. W. Weisiger. 
 
 Editor Owen was formerly with the Richmond 
 "Dispatch," "Whig," "State" and "Times," 
 and has also been offiitial stenographer for com- 
 initt(«s of the ( ieneral Assembly of ^'il■ginia ff>r 
 the last ten years. 
 
 Earnest A. Hoen, the resident member of 
 A. Hoen & Co., lithographers of Richmond, 
 Va., was horn in Baltimore, September 8th, 
 1852. In 1854 Mr. August Hoen, his father, 
 removed with his family to his countrj' seat, 
 " Western wald," Baltimore county, so named 
 in honor of his birthplace in Germany. Raised 
 in the country, with all the advantages of a city 
 
 E. A. HOEN, 
 Of A. Hoen & Co., Lithographers. 
 
 well appointed home, enjoying the companion- 
 ship of his wife and two boys, and the esteem 
 and friendship of a circle of congenial friends. 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 301 
 
 The Bluford Electrical Works, of lf> South 
 Fifteenth street, embrace a brass foimdiy and 
 machine sliop, with a very complete equip- 
 ment, run b_v an electric motor. They have 
 been established for four years. Nearly all the 
 repairing of electric motors in this city and its 
 vicinity is done by them, and work is sent out 
 from them as far West as Denver. I. Blukord, 
 whose portrait accompanies this description of 
 them, is their proprietor. He hails from Nor- 
 folk, originally, is a machinist by trade, an<l 
 has spent many years at it in this part of the 
 country. 
 
 Tlie specialty of these works is the manufac- 
 ture of the "Bluford Electric Motor," ofwliich 
 Mr. Bluford is inventor, the making to order of 
 special electrical machinery, the repairing of 
 electric motors of every make, and the rewind- 
 ing of any make of armature ; and this is the 
 only concern south of Baltimore prepared to do 
 work of this character. 
 
 Mr. Bluford is the inventor also of the " Blu- 
 ford Self-acting Trolley," which is fast being 
 adopted by the leading electric railways of the 
 country. He is also the inventor of " Bluford' s 
 Self-adjusting Carbon Brush Holder," a device 
 
 .Tames Nelson Wood, distinguished here as 
 an author and inventor, was born in Petersbuig, 
 Va., August 10th, 1871. Although he has but 
 
 I. BLUFORD, Electrician. 
 
 for utilizing over again old lamp carljons, and 
 he has perfected, improved and invented many 
 other useful devices. 
 
 JAMES NELSON WOOD, Inventor. 
 
 ,just reached his majority, he has already 
 achieved success, and is prominent, both as a 
 man of mental parts and as an inventoi'. 
 
 His family antecedents were doubtless potent 
 factors in determining his career. On the ma- 
 ternal side, among others of social and intellec- 
 tual worth, Governor Preston — whose portrait 
 graces the long line of gubernatorial portraits 
 hung within the Capitol — was one ancestor. 
 Upon the paternal side, which is of Quaker 
 stock, the inventive faculty is especially to be 
 found ; notably in his grandfather, James P. 
 Wood, the inventor of the "Endless Chain." 
 
 The subject of our sketch may be said to 
 belong to the ranks of the self educated men of 
 our country. As a boy, he was a \ni\n] of the 
 (Juaker College at Swarthmore, but early left 
 its training to industriously car\e out a path in 
 life for himself. His mind was too prolific of 
 original thought to admit of restrictions, or to 
 conform to the ordinary methods of intellectual 
 development. 
 
 .\fter leaving school he became an insatiable 
 reader, one particularly interested in physics 
 and chemistry. At the age of seventeen he 
 began to invent, and found it easy to put into 
 form whatever idea be cared to utilize. His 
 
10)2 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 fiiBt imixjrtant invention (not, however, yet 
 perfectetl), was the type-setter, of an entirely 
 now order, lioth as to its meclianisin and motor- 
 power. 
 
 The cigarette machine, wliii'li ha^ just heen 
 completed under the auspices of Richmond 
 n\en, came next. This machine is a radical de- 
 parture from all others. It occupies only about 
 one hundreth part the space of a "Bonsack" 
 machine. It is suggested by practical men who 
 have seen it, that it bids fair to revolutionize 
 the cigarette business. With slight alterations 
 it will make cigars as well as cigarettes ; and, in 
 adilition, a macliine for placing tlie cigarettes in 
 boxes (after first throwing aside any tliat are 
 imi)erfcct), may be termed an even greater 
 triumph of invention than the cigarette ma- 
 chine which it supplements. 
 
 Mr. Wood is also the inventor of an electric 
 railway system which overcomes the great ditfl- 
 cidties of "ground induction" and "short cir- 
 cuiting." Indeed, it has been said of the young 
 inventor that he needs only a suggestion as to 
 an invention in any lield, and he can materialize 
 it. Certainly his inventive genius has already 
 taken a wide range — all the way ft'om improv- 
 ing an ice-cream freezer to the utilizing of 
 nature's forces for motive power. He is also 
 interested in atrial navigation, and is said to 
 have worked out the ditficult problem to his 
 own satisfaction. 
 
 Mr. Wood is a student, also, of Eastern litera- 
 ture, and has written and published some in- 
 teresting articles on the subject. 
 
 Upon political and social topics also, his pen 
 has been active. A \\tUe hmrlmre, "The Great 
 Money Trust," has been publislied by him dur- 
 ing the past year, and has received very favora- 
 ble mention from press and individuals. It 
 has been translated into French and German, 
 and will lie published sinuiltaneously in those 
 lands. 
 
 For so young a man, Mr. \\'ood has mani- 
 fested a high cegree of ability and energy, and 
 his future is assuredly most promising. Rich- 
 mond, in which he has made his home, con- 
 gratulates herself upon such an a<ldition to her 
 notiiljles. 
 
 MISeEI,L.\NE0US. 
 
 The .1. P. JusTis Employment Agency, 
 North Fifteenth street, is the oldest in the city, 
 and is one of the largest in the land. It was 
 established soon after the war by the late J. P. 
 Justis, and is conductetl by his son, Mr. H. P. 
 Ji'STis. It is well known throughout.'the North 
 
 and West as well as in the South, and it has 
 the confidence, in a remarkable degree, of both 
 classes with whom it deals, the employnigand the 
 
 THE LATE J. P. JUSTIS 
 
 laboring elements too. This confidence has been 
 earned bv straightforward transactions with all. 
 
 H. P, JUSTIS, Employment Agent. 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 303 
 
 Mr. J. P. Justis, foundei- of this business, wiis 
 the fii'st to perceive that, in tlie unsettled con 
 dition of tilings after the war, an interme<liary 
 was necessary between the whites desiring to 
 employ and the blacks to be employed. Igno- 
 rant and misled, the negroes were fearful of a 
 return to slavery on the plantations, and were 
 equally suspicious of the philanthropist coaxing 
 them North. As a planter a:ul manager of plan- 
 tations before the war, Mr. Justis had the con- 
 fidence of many darkies, and through his influ- 
 ence their fears were allayed and they were 
 induced to work. In course of time he built up 
 a large business in this way, as an employment 
 agent, not merely of lilack but of white laljor as 
 well. 
 
 About live years ago his son, the proprietor of 
 tlie agency, acquired an interest, and since the 
 death of its fofinder, has conducted it with suc- 
 cess. He had, in fact, been manager of it for 
 several years before, because of the failing health 
 of his father. 
 
 Many large coal operators, both North and 
 South, I'ailroad and [lublic works contractors, 
 manufacturers and farmers, are patron;^ of this 
 agency. A large business is done by it also in 
 the line of household and hotel servants, both 
 male and female. 
 
 Following are its I'eferences : General manager 
 Sweet, C. AV. & V. Coal Company, Chicago ; the 
 Silver Cieek Mining and Railway Company, 
 Doylestovvn, Ohio ; the Jackson Coal and Min- 
 ing Company, Brazil, Ind ; the Columbus and 
 Hocking Coal and Iron Company, Columbus, 
 (>hio ; and other railroad otlicials and Ijusiness 
 men generally of this city. 
 
 K. W. Elso.m, em|)loyment agent, of 417 East 
 Broad street, this city (and all principal North- 
 ern and Eastern cities), was established twelve 
 years ago. He has a business ranging from 
 Canada to South America. He gives close atten- 
 tion to the ('haracter of the people he recom- 
 mends to places. In most cases he makes 
 arrangements with both the employer and em- 
 ploye. 
 
 He supplies business men with clerks, and 
 finds places for physicians even, and bank 
 officers. 
 
 It is his specialty to furnish servants and 
 laborers, cooks and house servants for private 
 families as well as hotels, summer resorts, etc. 
 He does a large business and has the confidence 
 of the communitv. 
 
 His jiortrait is one of the illustrations of this 
 
 WILLIAM M. MARTIN, 
 Of Martin &. Co. Employment Agency. 
 
 M.\RTix & Co.'s employment agency, 213 
 North Sixth street, was established in 1891. Mr. 
 AViLLiAM M. Martin, its manager, is a native 
 of Chesterfield county, and has been a resident 
 and merchiint of this city for the last twenty 
 
 R W. EL50M Employment Agent. 
 
304 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JA:MES. 
 
 veai-s He makes a specialty ofsupplyinf; fami- 
 lies anil hotels with house servants, and also 
 does some business in the way of provi(lin<j: 
 clerks with situations. He is especially well 
 prepared to supply jrood servants on short notice. 
 He does business with patrons everywhere in 
 the Union, fi'om ocean to ocean. Last year he 
 furnished places for some .'),000 persons. 
 
 The RiciiMoxn Transfer Comp.anv, of which 
 Major A. W. CiARiuiK is president, and C. A. 
 Taylor is secretary and treasurer, does a general 
 transfer business of passengers and baggage to 
 and from hotels and trains, operates a carriage 
 and cab Hue, and also maintains a union oftice 
 for the .sale of railroad and steaniboat tickets of 
 
 ten landaus and four coupes, five single and tive 
 two-horse baggage wagons, and it has something 
 like fifty horses regularly in use. 
 
 The carriages and wagons of this company call 
 for pas.sengers and baggage wherever ordered. 
 Its rates are as reasonable as prompt and goo<l 
 service will permit. It furnishes, for the ac- 
 commodation of tourists', pleasure carriages 
 with intelligent drivers, who act as guides for 
 those desiring to see the antiquities and at- 
 trcations of the Capital of the Old Dominion. 
 It is empowered to check baggage through to 
 destination upon proper tickets, and it has 
 facilities for securing sleeping and parlor-car 
 accommodations. 
 
 OFFICES OF THE RICriWlOi.D TRANSFER COMPANY. 
 
 all kinds at 901 East Main street. Major Garber 
 established the delivery department of this busi- 
 ness in I860 and the ticket office in 1870. The 
 business had grown so, by the beginning of 
 the year 1892, that incorjioration was resorted 
 to, the better to conduct it, and it is now in the 
 hands of a joint stock company of $50,000 iiaid 
 up capital, which company does a business 
 aggregating $;?00,000 in receipts a year. 
 
 The equi|iment of this company will comimre 
 favorably w'ith that of any concern of tlie kind 
 in the land. It has stables on Ninth and Gary 
 streets. In its service it has 40 persons. Its 
 rolling stock embraces four cabs, five omnibuses, 
 
 The SouTHKKX Bki.l Telephone and Tele- 
 graph Company, operating the Richmond Tele- 
 phone Exchange, occupies two floors in new 
 and commodious quarters at Xinth and Main 
 streets. The territory of this company comprises 
 the six South Atlantic and Gulf States from 
 Virginia to Alabama inclusive, and a portion of 
 West Virginia. 
 
 The growth of the Richmond Telephone Ex- 
 change has been steady since its start in 1879. 
 There are over one thousand subscribers. Toll 
 lines extend South to Petersburg and North to 
 Hanover Courthouse. 
 
 The "Law system" of operating is used. It 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 305 
 
 gives the best and most rapid service known. 
 The Central Office equipment is of the latest 
 design, and ahead of any in the South. 
 
 Uichmond was the 
 lirst city in wliich 
 the ".McCluer Re- 
 turn (iround Sys- 
 tem" was used. This 
 system was devised 
 by C. E. aicCi.iEK, 
 of Richmond, district 
 superintendent of tlic 
 Company, who has 
 lontr Ijeen identified 
 with electrical inte- 
 rests in tlie .South. 
 It secures freedom 
 from the disturbanci' 
 of electric light anil 
 electric street railwax- 
 currents. 
 
 Richmond is the 
 headquarters for the 
 territory of the Tele- 
 ]ihone Company in 
 Virginia and West 
 Virginia and North 
 Carolina. The num- 
 ber of employes is .57. 
 
 At Highland Spkings, lying on the Nine Mile 
 I'oad, along which the Richmond and Seven Pines 
 I-]lectric Radwav extends, a work of suljurban im- 
 
 ilJTERIOR CEIJTRAL OFFICE 
 SOUTHERN BELL TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, RICHMOND, 
 
 R. B. Rood is the Richmond manager. 
 
 S, READ FOUNDER OF HIGHLAND SPRINGS. 
 Richmond St Seven Pines Electric Railway. 
 
 provement of consideralile importance has been 
 proceeding quietly but effectively for two years 
 past under the direction of Mr. E. S. Re.\d, a 
 gentleman hailing originally from the North, 
 but lung familiar, on account of rejieated visits, 
 with this and other paits of the South, and for 
 many years interested, at first as spectator mere- 
 ly and then as investor and participant, in the 
 city's progress. 
 
 ^Ir. Read first came to this city to "winter" 
 liere. To a liking for the old city he added, in 
 coursi' of his experience of it, an appreciation 
 of its pronuse as a great business center. After 
 many lengthy visits, covering every Southern 
 State, in search of the most healthful as well as 
 the most promising locality for a home and in- 
 \cstment, lie finally reached the conclusion tliat 
 here was to be the scene of the most substantial 
 development of all the places he had seen. 
 
 \\'itli him to form such a conclusion was to 
 act upon it. He began operations liy extensive 
 purchases Northeast of the city, in the four-and- 
 a-half-mile ringor belt described on the maps of 
 the city, from its heart as central point, and on 
 the line of the Seven Pmes railroad, about mid- 
 way 1 letween the city line and the battle-field and 
 cemetery of "Seven Pines," or, as the Federal 
 
 20 
 
yoG 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 liistoriesnanif it, " I'airOaks." ■riiclongliiu'of 
 C'unfeilerato l)rcast-\V(irks, still iii oxc-i'lU'iit pre- 
 si'i'vatinii, runs tliniujrh his ground. lie has 
 
 RESIDENCE OF E. S. READ, HIGHLAND SPRINGS. 
 
 over 800 acres there iiltogether, with three miles 
 of frontage on the Sev'en Pines Railway, and 
 without advertising, or so much as a wdiisper of 
 lioom, has attracted there and adjacent a thrifty 
 little settlement of ])erhaps tifty hcuises, whicli 
 has its church, school, public library of 2,000 
 volume.^, engine-house and fire equiimient, jiost 
 otiice, station, stores, and all the cluiractei'istie 
 features of city life, save one — saloons; of these 
 there are none, and none are likely to be while 
 the conditions of his deeds are respected and 
 enforced. 
 
 lie has spent altngrtber on this pniprrty i)V<'r 
 i?7r),000, and is constantly jiutting out money for 
 improvements. About five hundred lots (each 
 of fifty feet frontage') have been sold 
 at prices varying from S.^0, for tlinM' 
 back from the railroad, to •'?4IK) for 
 those available for business and front- 
 ing the dividing line of tin- Seven 
 Pines road. The place is the ideal 
 town-site of these parts. It is nn a 
 ridge, with its drainage slopes <lipiiing 
 1(1 the Kast toward the ('hickahominy, 
 and to the West toward the James. 
 
 There are nine large springs of pur- 
 est water on the property, and their 
 (iverlldw assures an abundant water 
 sii)iply for a large settlement I'm- many 
 a year to come. 
 
 The residentsof this little settlement 
 
 are people of the very best sort. The 
 
 church was built for the Bajitists, who 
 
 have a thriving society; and the Kpis- 
 
 copalians, who organized a year ago and 
 
 met in the school-house, have agitated 
 
 the question of building a house of worship also. 
 
 The place has already its literary and nnisical 
 
 society. In a word, it is a community of the 
 
 highest social standard and tone. 
 
 ^Ir. Read's enterprise and liberality (which is 
 enterprise also) has made this settlement the 
 most attractive of any in the sulmrbs. The con- 
 version of the Seven Pines Dunnny line into an 
 electric road by its present owners, the Rich- 
 mond Railway and I'llectric Company (a work 
 now practically complete), is assurance of the 
 continued, indeed, the more certain and rapid 
 
 B I jj JUL I a I 
 
 ELECTRIC RAILWAY STATION, POST OFFICE BLOCK AND STORES, HIGHLAND SPRINGS, 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 30t 
 
 •rrowth of Highland Springs. The couiniutation- 
 ticket fere to it is bnt five cents, the same as to 
 all points in the city proper. 
 
 Mr. Kead'.« place of business is at Highland 
 Springs, where he had fi-oni the first decided to 
 make a permanent liome. He is a memlier, 
 we may add, of the RicmioxD ('ii.\mber ok 
 Commerce. 
 
 OFFICES OF THE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF VIRGINIA 
 
 The Life Insiraxce Company of Virgin'i,\ 
 is an old company and a solid one. On December 
 .Slst, ]8i»2, its annual statement was rendered. 
 That statement shows it to have 1100,000 capi- 
 tal stock, and a surplus as to poliey-holdere of 
 $lo6,962.52. At the same time its assets were 
 $819,029.86, and the total amount of its insurance 
 in force, $9,832,327.00, an increase in assets, over 
 the year preceding, of 8140,280.27 and in the 
 matter of insurance in force of something over 
 
 $l,5o2,.398.00. It has paid to its policy-holders, 
 since its organization, $1,220,320.39 and dui'ing 
 the last six years its premium income has in- 
 creased nearly five-fold. Its total income, last 
 year was $.')07,7o2.3-'). It is a company that 
 pays its death claims immediately upon pre- 
 sentation and approval of the proofs of death. 
 Its policy-holders now number over 70,000, scat- 
 tered through many 
 States of the I'nion. 
 The results already 
 attained by this com- 
 pany show that it has 
 had intelligent and 
 conservative manage- 
 ment. G. A. Walker, 
 its president, has been 
 in the insurance busi- 
 ness for tlie past eleven 
 years, and has dis- 
 playe<l great executive 
 ability in his manage- 
 ment of the Comjiany. 
 James W. Peoram, its 
 seci-etai-y, has spent 
 twenty- two years in 
 this company's serv- 
 ice — ever since it start- 
 ed, in fact— and twen- 
 ty-six years in the life 
 insurance business, 
 and has ably seconded 
 the efforts of the presi- 
 ' lent in making this the 
 most successful South- 
 ern Life Insurance 
 Company. 
 
 The di rectors are 
 these officials and 
 .John G. Walker; T. 
 William Pemberton, a 
 capitalist of tins city, 
 who has been con- 
 nected with the com- 
 pany for nearly twenty 
 years as a director, 
 and one of its vice-presidents ; Everett Wad- 
 dey, of the Everett Waddey Printing Company ; 
 General F. H. Cameron ; Major George John- 
 ston ; W. J. Walker ; F. P. Cooke, of T. F. 
 Minor & Co., who succeeded his father, the late 
 General John R. Cooke, in the board of direc- 
 tors, and John F. Slaughter, Jr., cashier of the 
 Fidelity Bank of Durham, N. C. 
 
 Messrs. Coke & Pickrem., attorneys, are the 
 counsel of the company. The large ami increas- 
 
308 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 iiii; liusinoss of tliu company requires the riii- 
 liloynicntiif over lifty ihtsohs in the ■Riclinmnil 
 ofliee. 
 
 Among the sitoc-kholiUM-s of tlie company arc 
 James B. Pace, i>resident of the Planter's Na- 
 tional Bank ; G. A. Walker, James Pleasants, 
 W. J. Walker, T. William Pemberton, James 
 W. Pegram, John G. Walker, of Richnioml, 
 Va. ; Fred. Taylor, of Norfolk, Va. ; Colonel 
 Frank Reed, of Washington, IX V. ; Major 
 George Johnston, of Alexandria, Va.,Mnd many 
 otheis. 
 
 his employ, and has attained to an interest by his 
 jiroiiciency in the business. They have a great 
 reinitation in Georgia and throughout the Oaro- 
 linas, as well as here, for their specialty, en- 
 larging portraits in oil, pastel [and crayon, and 
 for group work. They are the only photo- 
 graphei-s that get a complete proof of the ^'il•- 
 ginia Senate and House of Representatives, 
 which holds sessions here every second year. 
 
 Gkorge S. Cook, photographer, of 91.5 East 
 ;Main street, came to Richmond twelve years 
 
 CAMPBELL & CO 'S PHOTOGRAPH STUDIO. 
 
 The Home Offices of this company are situated 
 at the corner of Ninth and Main streets, in the 
 building shown in the engraving accompanying 
 this matter (page 307). 
 
 Campbell & Co., photographers, of 429 East 
 Broad street, have one of the finest galleries in 
 the South, both in equipment and appointments, 
 and in patronage. They have also one of the old- 
 est. Mr. Campbell, of the firm, established the 
 business in 1866. Mr. Clarke, his partner, was in 
 
 ago. He had galleries, previous to the war, in 
 New York, Chicago and Philadelphia, but has 
 spent most of his life, however, in the South. 
 
 He does a large business in views of historic , 
 places hereabouts, taken by himself, and carries 
 a stock of them on hand for sale to visitors and 
 tourists. He has patrons in both city and coun- 
 try, and besides ordinary portraiture, has repu- 
 tation for his crayon and pastel work also. 
 
 Mr. Cook's sons are associated with him in 
 the business. They devote considerable atteu- 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 309 
 
 tion to the taking of views — in fact, make that 
 branch a specialty. Many of the views and 
 most of the portraits taken to iUustrate this 
 work, are from this gallery. 
 
 E. S. LrMPKi.N'.s "New York .\rt Gallery," 
 has the largest country patronage of any gallery 
 of the city. It occupies a place of three stories 
 at SI 7 East Broad street, and is thoi'oughly ap- 
 pointed for the business. It does sti'ictly first- 
 class work at reasonable prices. Mr. Lumiikin 
 is a master of his art. He was with Ander- 
 son liere for fifteen years before he went into 
 
 wind-mill, hydrants and water-jilugs through- 
 out, and the equipment of the place is unques- 
 tionably as fine as anything of the kind in the 
 South, and certainly the most extensive here. 
 The engraving on this page will serve to convey 
 to the reader an idea of what this establishment 
 really is. 
 
 The specialty of this establishment is the 
 trade in cut flowers and ornamental plants. 
 These are shipped by it to all parts of the State. 
 The gardens were established in 1870, and three 
 generations of the Harvey family were inter- 
 ested in them. They were founded by the 
 grandfatlier of the present pro- 
 prietor. He hail been in the same 
 
 J- H. HARVEY S NURSERIES AND GREENHUUstb. 
 
 business on his own account in this establish- 
 ment. He has no specialty, but is up in every 
 detail of his business. 
 
 J. H. Harvey, florist, of 5 West Broad street, 
 has his greenhouses at Barton Heights, a suburb 
 of the city. Thej' cover three or four acres of 
 ground there. He has 60,000 square feet under 
 glass. The greenhouses are heated with hot 
 water. There is a bored well for the water 
 supply of the place, two steam pumps and a 
 
 line in New Jersey before he came to this city. 
 Mr. J. H. Harvey, the present proprietor, is 
 a young man, but one of enterjirise and sterling 
 business character. He is a member of the 
 Chamber of Commerce, and as such is a partici- 
 pant in all the projects set on foot by it to fur- 
 ther the interests of the city. 
 
 His down-town office and sales-rooms, on 
 Broad street, are in the heart of the city and 
 on the principal business street, easily accessi- 
 ble from all quarters of Richmond. 
 
810 
 
 THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 W. A. Mammon]), llorist, of 107 East I'.road 
 street, lias gardens on tlie Brook Tnrniiike, aljoiit 
 a mile I'rom the city, of four acres area, about 
 a half of wliich is under glass, lie occupies 
 :i4,(lllO siiuare feet of this area with srreenhouse, 
 heated by steam and furnished with water by 
 wind-mills and a steam pump. He makes a 
 specialty of roses, violets, palms, and other 
 choice greenhouse products, and employs about 
 fifteen hands. 1 Ic is a shipper to New York and 
 Baltimore, as well as to the States adjacent to 
 this, and docs a business of $2.'i,0()0 to *.'50,000 a 
 year. His eslal>lishiiicnt, in fict, is a leading 
 
 army of travelling salesmen. Tlay also have 
 a very large wholesale trade throughout the 
 Northern and A\'esterii States. 
 
 Mr. ^\'. T. Hood has had twenty seven years' 
 experience in the nursery business, and his po- 
 sition at tlie head of this large enterprise has 
 been attained by such close attention to its de- 
 tails as secures and holds the trade of thousands 
 of plantere. 
 
 The best implements and appliances only are 
 in use at these nurseries, and nothing but 
 skilled labor is employed. Packing sheds cov- 
 ering thousands of feet of ground make possible 
 tlie packing of large quantities 
 of stock rapidly and without 
 exposure. A large warehouse, 
 ceiled and arranged for "cool 
 storage," is a necessity in every 
 nursery, and this requisite these 
 nurseries have. " Cool storage " 
 is as essential, in fact, for prop- 
 erly handling trees as "cold stor- 
 age " is for properly handling 
 
 one here, and is among the linest ' 
 south of Washington, D. C. Mr. 
 Ilaiiiinoud has been in this 
 line here from his twelfth year. 
 He began in it as a boy, with 
 perhaps twelve square yards of 
 glass, and sold his plants himself 
 in the public market. His es- 
 tablishment, as it is to-day, has 
 been developed entirely by his 
 own perseverance and enter- 
 prise. 
 
 W. T. Hood & Co.'s Old Dominion Nurseries, 
 the largest nurseries south of the Potomac, are 
 situated on the Brook road, one and a half miles 
 from the city. They einbraee upwards of 200 
 acres of ground, devoted to nui-series and fniits. 
 
 Richmond has long been noted for its nurse- 
 ries, and the enterprise of W. T. Hood & Co. 
 has helped greatly to increase and extend the 
 interest in fruit-growing in the South. They 
 deal directly with their customers in the South- 
 ern States, employing for this purpose a small 
 
 WILLIAM A. HAMMOND'S NURSERIES. BROOK TURNPIKE 
 
 meat. It is indispensable where large quanti- 
 ties of trees are handled and must be ready for 
 shipment at a certain time, regardless of the 
 weather, whether the ground is frozen or not. 
 
 W. T. Hood (k Co. were awardeil the three 
 first premiums for fruit and ornamental trees, 
 etc., at the Richmond Exposition of 1892. 
 
 The Sulphur Mines Comp,\nv, of Virginia, 
 which has been operating mines in Louisa coun- 
 ty, in this State, for the last ten years, has grown 
 
TIIE CrrY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 811 
 
 in that time to be a very important enterprise. 
 Fonnerl}', to manufacture sulpluiric acid for 
 use in the arts, brimstone was necessary, but 
 now pyrites takes its place. This company was 
 a pioneer in tlie mining of pyrites ore in tlie 
 I'nited States. It now lias 17.5 liaixls emplnyed. 
 It lias a jilant at its mines valued at *L'0(i,()nO, 
 and has four miles of railway connecting lliis 
 plant with the Chesapeake ami Ohio Railway 
 tracks. 
 
 It is the owner of 1,.500 acres of mineral land, 
 and has six shafts, one or two to the depth of 
 three hundred and seventy-five feet. It sold, 
 in lSi)l, 50,000 tons as compared witli 7,0()0 
 five years ago, and the growth of its business, 
 in fact, has been so steady and rapid that it 
 is now erecting a large additional plant which 
 will increase its capacity to more than 100,000 
 tons per annum. 
 
 BATH-HOUSE, VIRGINIA HOT SPRINGS, BATH COUNTY, VA , C. & O R. R 
 
 This company has its headijuarters and gene- 
 ral office here in the Crensliaw Building. Cap- 
 tain William G. Crensh.4W is its president, and 
 S. D. Crenshaw secretary and treasurer. 
 
 Other directors in this company are the fol- 
 lowing: Daniel Baily, of Cleveland, Ohio ; S. (i. 
 Wallace, casliier of the Citizens Bank of this 
 city; J. H. Montague, capitalist; W. II. Crcju- 
 hart, of the Atlantic and Virginia Fertilizing 
 Company; and W. G. Crenshaw. .Ir., of New 
 Yoik. 
 
 The Virginia Hot Springs Co.\ipany, which 
 has offices in the Pace Block, Richmond, is a 
 corporation organized a short time ago by capi- 
 talists of New York, interested in railroads and 
 other Virginia enterprises, to develop the prop- 
 
 erty known as the Hot, Warm and Healing 
 Springs of Virginia, situated m the Hot Springs 
 A'alley, Bath county, Va. This property, em- 
 bracing about (i 000 acres, has been acipiired by 
 it, and improvements have been made calcu- 
 lated to enhance greatly the utility of the springs 
 and to make tliem easier of access. 
 
 These springs liave been frequented for many 
 generations, but owing to the fact that they were 
 off the line of any railroad, they were, until 
 lately, of I'cstricted service as sanitariums and 
 resorts. Now, however, connection has been 
 made with them by rail from the Chesaiieake 
 and Ohio road, and already, this sea.son, they 
 have witnessed a large measure of returning 
 popularity. 
 
 The improvements made, and to be made, are 
 planned upon a scale of liberality. The com- 
 pany's capital, $00,000, is signiflcant of its re- 
 sources f o r this 
 work. The hotels, 
 bath-hou.ses, etc., at 
 the three springs, 
 owned by the com- 
 jiany (which, b^-tlie 
 way, are but a few 
 miles apart), have 
 all been renovated, 
 and to an extent, re- 
 built. The grounds 
 have been improv- 
 ed and additional 
 cottages are pro- 
 jected for those who 
 prefer them. 
 
 The restorative 
 virtues of tlie.se 
 springs are so thor- 
 oughly authenticat- 
 eil, that it seems a work of supererogation to en- 
 large on that topic. They cure pretty much all 
 the skin disea.ses, blood diseasesand ailments of 
 the digestive organs. They are in the V'irginia 
 mountains, the atmosphere of which, not to 
 mention its spas, is health restoring of itself. 
 
 The officers of this company are : Decvtik 
 AxTLLL, who is second vice-president of Ibe 
 Chesapeake and Ohio Railway, i)resident ; C. 
 E. Weli.kord, who is secretary of the Chesa- 
 peake and Ohio Railway, secretary; Ai.i--i;kii 
 Gaither, auditor and treasurer. 
 
 The directora are: Messrs. Axtell and Well- 
 forj, M. E. Ingalls, president of the Cheasapeake 
 and Ohio Railway, several Cincinnati and Rich- 
 mond capitalists and Manager Stijison of tht' 
 Healing Springs, 
 
The City'S Tributaries. 
 
 DKKINKI) with as iimcli brevity as jmssible, 
 RiclinioiKi's coniiiieicial tributaries are 
 till' South Atlantic States, witli their whole 
 background ailditional of mountain country in 
 West Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee and Xorth 
 Alaliania. Or, to be more sjieeific, the city 
 ilraws the major part of its trade from the two 
 Virginias, the Carolinas and Georgia, with 
 much besides from Kentucky and Tennessee, 
 and some, also, from Maryland on the North, 
 anil Alabama on the Southwest. 
 
 Not that in these, however, are the metes 
 and bounds of its enterprise and aspirations. 
 Through its great tobacco factories and other 
 large business concerns, it partakes in no small 
 measure of the unstinted advantages the greater 
 cities enjoy of unlimited field. But, approxi- 
 mately, this is the region in which it is most 
 inHuential, and over which it holds, in fullest 
 degree, commercial sway. For if any one city 
 can truly claim to dominate, as commercial 
 capital over this region, Richmond is that one. 
 
 Now it is obvious that to its present state its 
 advancement has been, and for the time at 
 least is still contingent upon, the development 
 of these immediate tributaries. Fortunately, 
 then, for its hope of ascendancy in the world 
 there is, in the steady and continuous evolution 
 of this district, every foretokening of its own 
 further rise. 
 
 Till' ten great cities of the Union out of the 
 (|uestion, to a certainty there is not, subject to 
 any of the secondary centers like Richmond, 
 a richer, more progressive or more prosperous 
 province of trade than this of our City on 
 the James. In this district first began that 
 industrial Renaissance of the South, which has 
 gone on apace for the last fifteen years, ami 
 seems likely to continue indefinitely. In this 
 distriitt were made first (and still proceed) those 
 astonishing mineral developments along the 
 great eastern ('ontinental divide of the Southern 
 Appalachians in the Virginias, Kentucky, Ten- 
 nessee and Alabama, which have raised, in a 
 few short years, no less than three contestants 
 with Pennsylvania for her iron scepter and 
 crown of black diamonds. In this district lum- 
 bering ba.s already swept the great maritime 
 pineries of the South, in many parts, as with a 
 besom of destruction. In this district cotton pro- 
 iluction has increased dangerously near to over- 
 production. In this district everywhere the 
 
 chords of rail communication are ever lengthen- 
 ing ; and on almost every vantage-ground, in 
 all this life and energy and hope engendered, 
 sits some magic new-born city. 
 
 But all tins, you will say, is beginning to be — 
 nay, is already — a familiar story. The rail- 
 roads have advertised it extensively and eft'ec- 
 tively, the press iterated and reiterated it, the 
 promoters exploited it, and the experts authen- 
 ticated it. All of which makes the fact of it 
 pretty widely and generally and thoroughly 
 appreciated. Yet it is doubtful if, in the harj)- 
 ing upon these salient features of the marvel- 
 lous transformation of the South, some otlier 
 phases, minor ones, perhai)s, taken singly, but 
 in their aggregate bearing upon progress no less 
 important, have not been slighted, and in some 
 cases overlooked entire. We shall essay, there- 
 fore, to remark a few in Richmond's field — as 
 many as may be compressed into the nutshell 
 limitations of this, our closing word. 
 
 ^Vell, to l.iegin with, there has been, coinci- 
 dent with all this coal and iron production, a 
 vast enlargement of the quarrying business, par- 
 ticularly in the Virginias, where there are end- 
 less ledges of granites, fine brownstones and 
 roofing slates; and in Georgia and Tennesseee, 
 where there are marbles in such infinite variety 
 and abundance that Knoxville, center of the 
 trade, rejoices in the title of the "American 
 Carrara," and its marble producers are organ- 
 ized in a trust. Then there is the phosphate 
 production in South Carolina and parts further 
 south, on a grand scale, accompanied for a 
 time by such manifestations of excitement as 
 prospecting, claim-staking, litigation and other 
 characteristics of lite in the extreme West. 
 And then in the Old Dominion the mining for 
 mica and pyrites and zinc and salt ; and in 
 North Carolina and South Carolina and Georgia 
 for copper and lead, and even for gold — speak- 
 ing of which last-named metal, while there is no 
 hope of a new Potosi or El Dorado here, there 
 are placers and quartz mines paying steadily 
 right along, while camps in the Rockies and 
 Sierras as steadily decay and decline. 
 
 And contemporaneous with all this extension 
 of the cotton acreage and marvellous harvesting 
 of the staple throughout the Cotton Belt there 
 has been as wonderful a demonstration of the 
 fecundity of Dixie in the production of other 
 farm and plantation crops : In corn and hay 
 
THE CITY ON THE JAMES. 
 
 313 
 
 and the temperate fruits and tobacco every- 
 where ; in tropical products, like cane and rice 
 and the orange, from the latitude of Charleston 
 south, and in rice particularly, in the uplands 
 as well as lowlands of the Carolinas and Loui- 
 siana ; in the vine in Virginia and Xorth Caro- 
 lina, with wineries on a pretty fair scale estab- 
 lished already ; in sheep luisbandry, peanuts, 
 and all that ; and, most striking of all this amaz- 
 ing development, of trucking (or market gar- 
 dening, as some call it), the early vegetable pro- 
 duction, which has fairly taken possession of 
 all the lowlands of the Southern coast, from 
 the Eastern Shore of Maryland clear round the 
 Atlantic and Gulf littoral almost to Corpus 
 Christi Bay. 
 
 And then, concurrent with the railroad 
 building, the growth of the ports, and with 
 the lumbering, the fisheries ; and, above all, 
 the miscellaneous manulacturing development 
 in iron products, in wood-working, cotton goods, 
 paper-making, flour-milling, fruit and oyster- 
 packing, fertilizers, tobacco and so on. And 
 then the water powers developed, the navigaljle 
 water and harbor improvements, the seaside 
 resorts, the mineral springs, the sanitaria in the 
 pines ! In all which utilization of its superla- 
 tive resources the Southern Division f- 
 surely leads all the rest in the land. 
 
 Xow all these developments 
 are characteristics of 
 
 the Richmond lield. While it is not, stricttly 
 speaking, in the iron country, it is trade center 
 for it ; while it is outside the Cotton Belt, it 
 supplies it, and the staple is to some extent 
 basis of its trade. It is not particularly a 
 trucker's or a rice or a peanut market, but it 
 is better than that — it is the gateway, the 
 portal, to the seats of each and all. 
 
 So we can see now how, to Riclunoml, l)ud- 
 ding slowly after the blight of war, branching 
 out feebly at tirst, then blossoming graduallj', 
 blooming and ripening finally, and fniiting at 
 length, this progress and prosperity of its tril)u- 
 taries has been like sunshine and rain. How 
 and from wliat copious sources it now draws its 
 commercial noui-ishment. How its population 
 is augmenting, its manufactures extending, its 
 commerce generally expanding, its propei-ty 
 enhancing, its wealth and prestige magnify- 
 ing. How and by what influences, in short, 
 it flourishes, and under what benign circum- 
 stances should continue to thrive. 
 
 C A R O L I N A^^Hi" 
 
 THE "OLD 
 
 Area land surface 40,125 square miles. 
 
 " waters of the State, ..... 2,325 " " 
 
 Tidal shore _ 1,500 miles. 
 
 Seaports 6 
 
 Latitude :,6.30 to 39.30 N. 
 
 Same as Southern Europe, California and Japan. 
 Greatest altitude, Mt. Rogers, Grayson Co., 5,719 feet. 
 Mean temperature (Richmond central station) . . 57° 
 
 " annual rainfall, inches . . 3S 
 
 Population, 1S90 (40 to square mile) 1.655,547 
 
 White r,oi4,6So 
 
 Colored 640,867 
 
 Foreign 14,696 
 
 Assessed valuations $362,500,000 
 
 Annual State revenue $2,900,000 
 
 DOMINION." 
 
 Annual expenditure schools .$1,600,000 
 
 Tax rate, per «:ioo . . 40 cents. 
 
 State debt . $20,000,000 
 
 Acreage cultivated ... . , 20,000,000 
 
 Value farm product ... . $45,750,000 
 
 Value truck product $7,000,000 
 
 Value tobacco product $13,000,000 
 
 Value wine product $600 000 
 
 Value cotton product {20,000 bales) . . . $Soo.ooo 
 Value of live stock . . .$22400.000 
 
 Coal production, tons . . 1,000,000 
 
 Oyster and fish product 54*,ooo,ooo 
 
 Iron iurnaces in Slate 31 
 
 Iron product yearly 803,000 tons. 
 
 Value of all manufactures yearly . . . .$119,257,703 
 Railroad mileage 3,660 
 
Index to Concerns Mentioned. 
 
 Pag,: 
 "A.B.C." Chemical Co., and 
 
 Froeliling, Dr. H 193-194 
 
 Adam. R.'s, Bakery 179 
 
 Adamsou, A. L., ^^aIlCllestc^ 76 
 Adams, William C, Supt. City 
 
 Gasworks 2SS 
 
 Adkiiis, S, B 2o6 
 
 Ainslie, David A 156 
 
 Albemaiic Paper M'f *g: Co . 196, 197 
 
 Alderson Brownstone Co. . . 242 
 
 Alfriend, Thomas L 95 
 
 Allard. Joseph, Jr 160 
 
 Allen, J. T., & Co 266 
 
 Allen & Giuter Branch Ameri- 
 can Tobacco Co 71, iiS, 132 
 
 Allison & Addison ..... 190, 191 
 
 Anderson, Geo. W., & Son . 254 
 
 Anderson, Jas. I.ewis . ... 2^2 
 
 Anderron, J. W., & Co. ... 253 
 
 Andrews. Baptists Marquess 500 
 
 Antrim, Hngh 281 
 
 Armitage, John 193 
 
 Atkissoii. J. N 135 
 
 .■\tlantic Coast Line 102,104 
 
 Atlantic &Va. Fertilizing Co. 189, igo 
 
 Baker, E. h 250 
 
 Baldwin & Brown 214, 244 
 
 Barrett & Keesee 153 
 
 Barton, D.J 281 
 
 Barton, Jas. H..and Brookla'd 
 
 R'y and Improvement Co . 68, 69 
 
 Baughman Stationery Co , . 203 
 Banmgartner, Rev. W., St. 
 Mary's Parochial School 
 
 for Boys 31 
 
 Baylor, Green & Co 225 
 
 Beattie, H. C. & T>. D., Man- 
 chester 2-'o 
 
 Bellenot, C 205 
 
 Bennett Bros.' Wesfn Stables 267 
 
 Berry, Benjamin H 278 
 
 Binswanger. S. J 253 
 
 Binswanger 8: Co 249 
 
 Block. M. S., & Co 250 
 
 Bluford Electric Works, The 301 
 
 Booth Wall-Paper Co 251 
 
 Boschen, llernian C . . . . 237 
 
 Bo.sher, R. H.'s Sons .... 155 
 
 Boswell & Harnian 74 
 
 Bowen & Bradley, Manches- 
 
 '" 271 
 
 Bowers John . . 252 
 
 Bowman & Mowery 98, 99 
 
 Bradley, A. J., & Co., Man- 
 chester 76,77 
 
 Bradley, M. E., Nat'l Inv'm't 
 
 and Building Association . 73, 79 
 
 Branch, C. W. S: Co 90 
 
 Branch, Thos ^fe Co . . . . 90 
 Branch Ji Leath, Richmond 
 
 Theater 
 
 Brandt. Jackson, & Co. . 
 Braner. Wm. W., & Co. . 
 
 Bronira L. 179, iSo 
 
 Brooke & Co 209 
 
 Brown, Davis & Atkins . . . 21S 
 
 43 
 64, 65 
 
 Page. 
 Browning, George A., Travel- 
 lers Insurance Co 94 
 
 Brown, Wallace F 281 
 
 Bruce, R. E.,& Co 248 
 
 Buchanan, D 263 
 
 Bucker, Henry 186 
 
 Burgwyn.C. P. E 59. n* 
 
 Burke's Clothing House . . 234 
 
 Burton, W. 5°, I05. 169. '7° 
 
 CaBELL. R. G., JK., &C0. 262 
 
 Cabell & Cabell 281 
 
 Cabell & Wilson 70 
 
 Cahill, Ed. Hamilton, Mozart 
 
 Academy of Music 12,43,46 
 
 Cameron, Alex.. &Co.,Wm. & 
 Bro. , and Cameron & Cam- 
 eron (see also inside back 
 
 cover) 126 to 12S 
 
 Camp, William C i5o 
 
 Campbell & Co 30S 
 
 Cannon & Collins 277 
 
 Cardwell, R. H.,and Cardwell 
 
 & Cardwell 275 
 
 Carr, James W 150 
 
 Carrington, P. R 284 
 
 Carter & Ryland 219 
 
 Cary, John R . . 219 
 
 Caskie, James 2S0 
 
 Cersley, T. B., Manchester . 271 
 
 Chalkley, Dr. Charles H. . . 291 
 Chamber ot Commerce ... 2, 44 
 Chesapeake&OhioR'yCo.(see 
 
 also outside back cover) 107 to no 
 
 Chesapeake & Ohio Laud Co. 73 
 
 Chester Collegiate Institute 36 
 
 Christian & Christian ... 276 
 
 Christian, R. L., & Co. . . . 227 
 
 City Bank S5 
 
 Clarke, A. B., & Son .... 245 
 
 Clarke, A. J 179 
 
 (^lyde Lines 114 
 
 Cobb & WingBeld 67 
 
 Conquest, P. L., & Co 23S 
 
 Conrad, J. M.'s Sons .... 124 
 
 Constable Bros 209 
 
 Cook, George S .30S, 309 
 
 Copland, Peter 111,170 
 
 Cosby, A. B. . 150 
 
 Cosby, Charles H 172 
 
 Cottrell, Samnel H 241 
 
 Cox & Harrison 227 
 
 Craig, A, F 257 
 
 Crenshaw, James H. . . . 65 
 
 Crew, P. J., & Co 193 
 
 CuUingworth, J. N 131 
 
 Curtis & Parker 116 
 
 DAFFRON.A.J.,Manehes'r, 271,272 
 
 Daffron, William 254 
 
 Daniel, J. R V 280 
 
 Davenport & Co.. and the Liv. 
 
 & Lon. & Globe Ins. Co . . 93 
 
 Davenport & Morris .... 217 
 
 Davies, Samnel D 275 
 
 Davis, T. Wiley 162 
 
 Davis, W. Wythe, D. D. S . . 295 
 
 Davisons, The (Dentists) . . 294 
 
 Page. 
 
 Dean.W. H.&Co 208 
 
 Denoon, Tupper & Co ... . 66 
 
 Dibrell, W. C • 39. 120 
 
 Dickerson, J. C 207 
 
 Dickinson, J. Q.. & Bro. . 107, 167, 212 
 
 Dill, Joseph G IJt 
 
 Dimmock, M.J 56 
 
 Dispatch, The 38, 54 
 
 Dodson, Chas, Hotel Dodson 49 
 
 Dorset, W. E., D. D. S. ... .296 
 
 Drever, Thomas 166 
 
 Drew, W. E. & Co 208 
 
 Drewry, Hughes *& Co. . . . • 230 
 
 Duke & Jobsou 165 
 
 Dunford & Calligan 139. 224 
 
 Dunn, R. Powell 263 
 
 DuVal & Robertson, Man- 
 chester 159, 160, 161 
 
 Dyer, Oliver B 180, :8l 
 
 Kl.AM,J.B.ttCO 65 
 
 Electric Construction & Sup- 
 
 ply Co. ofVa.,A.Pizzini,Jr.,i54, 155 
 
 Ellis, Dr. James N 292 
 
 Ellison, Charles E 122 
 
 Ellison & Harvey 226 
 
 Ellyson, J.Taylor. Mayor of 
 
 the City 287 
 
 Elsom, R. W 303 
 
 Enterprise Shirt M'i 'g Co. . 212 
 
 Euker, Louis 5° 
 
 Evans, Arthur G 212 
 
 KaRMVILLE .'^ND Pow- 
 hatan Railroad Co 112 
 
 Farrar, Dr. Williatn F. . . . 291 
 
 Fergusson, J. W., & Son . . 201 
 
 Figg, L. C 208 
 
 First National Bank .... 83 
 Fisher, J. W., U. S. Collector 
 
 Customs 2S5 
 
 Flonrnoy, H. W., Secretary of 
 
 Commonwealth of Virginia 2S6 
 
 Forbes, W. S..& Co. 224 
 
 Ford. E. L., & Bro 242 
 
 Ford & Peatross 237 
 
 Foster. E. M 239 
 
 Fourqurean, Price & Co. (see 
 
 also inside front cover) . 231 
 Fox, Wm. F., Superintendent 
 
 City Schools 288 
 
 Franck Bros . . 212 
 
 Frazer & Tompkins 225 
 
 Frioli, Father Joseph .... 298, 299 
 GaLLEGO mills CO. . . 176, 177 
 
 Gaylord & Volraer 183 
 
 Ginn, S. B 284 
 
 Glass, George W 229 
 
 Goddard, 1 266 
 
 Goddin, Charles W., Clerk of 
 
 Chancery Court 288 
 
 Goddin, John T 72 
 
 Goode, G. .\ 20S 
 
 Goode, James E., printer . . 201 
 
 Goode, J. R., A Son 237 
 
 Goodman Manufacturing Co 210 
 
 Gordon, W. W 278 
 
 Gordon. J. R.. A Co 161 
 
INDEX. 
 
 315 
 
 Page. 
 
 Graham, D. L 229 
 
 Granger, George T., & Son . 208 
 
 Grasberger, B. A 156 
 
 Gr't Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co 22S 
 
 Grimmell, H 176 
 
 Gross, Courad 15S 
 
 Guigon, A. B 270 
 
 HaaSE, C 236 
 
 Habliston & Bro 255 
 
 Hanimoud, W. A 310 
 
 Hancock, W. T. . 129 
 
 Hardesty, E. V. (R. H., Mana- 
 ger) 180 
 
 Harrelson & Crump .... 21S 
 
 Harrison & Powers 71 
 
 Hars-ey, J. H 309 
 
 Harwood & Jones 159 
 
 Haskell & Hatton 256 
 
 Hasker ^t Marcuse M'f 'g Co. 203 
 
 Haskins, Meade 279 
 
 Hawes. S. H., & Co 240 
 
 Haxall-Crenshaw Co 177,178 
 
 Heindl, Joseph E. & Co. . . 151 
 
 Henry, William Wirt .... 274 
 
 Hickok, J. J 128,129 
 
 Higgins, John M 228 
 
 Highara, Walter R 57 
 
 Hill, Frank D., & Co ^l 
 
 Hill, General James C, State 
 
 Railroad Commissioner . . 2S7 
 
 Hiltzhimer, T. M 269 
 
 Hoen, A., & Co. ....... 199,300 
 
 Hoge, Moses D.,D. D, . . . 296 
 
 Hood, W. T., & Co 310 
 
 Hooker & Phillips 170 
 
 Hooper, George J., Jr 2S2 
 
 Hunter, Charles E 243 
 
 Hunter & Sims ....... 244, 245 
 
 Jackson & jackson . . 2-7 
 
 Jacob, H 235 
 
 Jacob, T. A 207 
 
 Jahucke, A. F 266 
 
 James, B. 2S0 
 
 James, Dr. M. L 292 
 
 Jefferson. The iMaj. Ginter's 
 
 new hotel) 16, 55 
 
 Jeffressit Shelton iSi 
 
 Jenkins & Walthall 205, 206 
 
 Jenkins, William, & Son . . 226 
 Jennings, Reuben T., Jr. . . 225 
 Johnson, John R. & Co., Man- 
 chester 143, 145 
 
 Johnson, B. F., & Co 204 
 
 Jones, Henry C, D. D. S. . . 292 
 
 Jones, LaudonP., Manchest'r 272 
 
 Justis J. P 362 
 
 Justis, W. M., Jr 28E 
 
 KaSTELBERG, R 1S3 
 
 Kaufmann & Co 233 
 
 Keenan, P 203 
 
 Keesee, G. F., D. D. S. . . . 294 
 
 Kelly, M 251 
 
 Kendler, Thomas N 172 
 
 Kidd, Mrs. E. G 179 
 
 Kingan A Co 217 
 
 King, Mrs. Jane 240 
 
 Klein, N 253 
 
 Kohler, John'F 266 
 
 Pegs- 
 
 L/AMBERT, J. B 140 
 
 Lea, David M. & Co 160 
 
 Leader Publishing Co., Man- 
 chester, B. P. Owen, ed., 77, 299, 300 
 
 Lefew, W. W 223 
 
 Leidy, M. S 251 
 
 Levy, M 237 
 
 Lewis, Burnett 232 
 
 Life Insurance Co. of Va. 92, 307, 30S 
 
 Lightfoot, L. H 123 
 
 Lincoln National Building 
 
 and Loan Association , . 79 
 
 Lindsay, J. L 245 
 
 Lipscomb, A. B 157 
 
 Luck, R. F., Jr 173 
 
 Lumpkin, E. S., the New 
 
 York Art Gallery 509 
 
 Lumsden, C, & Sou 265 
 
 Lynn, H. Clay 175 
 
 Lyon ct Montague 237 
 
 Lyons, James 279 
 
 MaHONY, JOHN, D. D. S. 294 
 
 Martin A: Co 303 
 
 Mason ».<: Sim 171 
 
 Maury & Maury 271 
 
 May, Jacob, & Son 237 
 
 Mayo, George W 257 
 
 Mayo, P. H., & Bro., Inc. . . 70, 130 
 
 Mayo, T. T 132 
 
 McBain, W. & Co 248 
 
 McCaw, Dr. J. B 291 
 
 McDonough, James, & Co. . 157 
 
 McDowell, W. J 241 
 
 Macfeattt Kline, Great South- 
 ern Horse and Mule Bazaar 269 
 
 McGraw, James 246 
 
 McGuire, Dr. Edward .... 2S9 
 McGuire's School, John P. 
 
 McGuire, principal .... 32, 33 
 Meade & Baker Carbolic 
 
 Mouth-Wash Co. ... 194 
 Mercer, C. A., D. D. S. ... 294 
 Merchants National Bank . S4 
 Merchants and Planters Sav- 
 ings Bank 87 
 
 Midyette, D. R 90 
 
 Millhiser, Charles, Virginia 
 
 Star Cheroot Factory . . . 137 
 
 Millhiser, M. & Co 229 
 
 Milier, Frank 226 
 
 Miller, T. A 260 
 
 Minor tt Jacob 15S 
 
 Minor, T. F 219 
 
 Miner & Plunkett 225 
 
 Moesta, H. W 178 
 
 Montague, Hill 281 
 
 Montague, J. J 163 
 
 Montague kV: Co 94 
 
 Monte Maria Academy ... 34 
 
 Montgomery, J. T 226 
 
 Jlorris, Mrs. L. B 232 
 
 Morton, R. C, & Co 124 
 
 MoseleJ & Bohmer 250 
 
 Mosby, John A., Farmers 
 
 Tobacco Warehouse .... 125 
 
 Moses, Walter D. & Co. . . . 259 
 
 Mountcastle, J. R 269 
 
 Mountcastle & Talbott ... 151 
 
 Murphy's Hotel 4S, 49 
 
 Page. 
 
 Murphy, M.. tt Bro 209 
 
 Murphy &. .\mes - 239 
 
 Mutual Assn. Society of Va. . 91 
 
 Nash, benjamin h. . . 278 
 
 National Bank of Virginia . 86 
 National Iluildingand Invest- 
 ment .Association 79, So 
 
 National Linseed Oil Co., 
 D. D. Cummins, agent . . 248,249 
 
 Nelson, Samuel B 267 
 
 Netherwood, James .... 171 
 
 Norfolk and Western R.R. . no 
 
 North-Side Land Co 62, 63 
 
 Niinnally & Bro , Manchester 271 
 
 O'BANNON, JAMES H., 
 
 Supt. Pub. Print'g of Va. 286 
 Old Dominion Building and 
 
 Loan .Association 78 
 
 Old Dominion Preserving Co. 181 
 Old Dominion Iron and Nail 
 
 Works 142, 146 
 
 Old Dominion Steamship Co. 114 
 
 Oppenhimer, Dr. W. T. . . . 292 
 
 O'Snllivan, D 117 
 
 Parker, truman a., & 
 
 Co., W. J. Scott 239 
 
 Page & Carter 280 
 
 Parsons, G. W 105,164 
 
 Patteson, S. S. P 280 
 
 Patton, J. D.. & Co 139 
 
 Pegram & Stringfellow . . . 276 
 
 Pelouze, H. L.,& Son . ... 250 
 
 Peyton & Siuton 99 
 
 Pilcher, W. S., Elba Coal Y'ds 240 
 Pilkinton, The E. T. Pilkin- 
 
 ton Co 134. 135 
 
 Pleasants, George I)., & Son 95 
 
 Pleasants & Hall 93. 94 
 
 Planters National Bank . . S, 81, 82 
 
 Plnemacher, F. H 69 
 
 Priddy Bros 228 
 
 Pohlig, A 198 
 
 Poindexter, Charles 286 
 
 Poindexter & Bryant ... 55, 58, 59 
 
 Poythress, W, P. A Co. ... 261 
 
 Purcell, Ladd & Co 262 
 
 Pyle, Mrs. A.J 210 
 
 Randolph, j. w., & co. 260 
 
 Randolph Paper -Box Co. . . 19S 
 
 Read, Charles H., Jr 58 
 
 Read, E.S., Highland Spri'gs 
 
 Addition 273 
 
 Ready, W. J no, x68 
 
 Regester, The Samuel Reges- 
 
 ter Co 222 
 
 Rice, William D 99 
 
 Richmond Brewery, Kersten 
 
 & Von N. Rosenegk .... 185 
 Richmond Chemical Works . 1S7, 1S8 
 Richmond College, B. Pur- 
 year. Chairman of Faculty 30, 32 
 Richmond Grain and Cotton 
 
 Exchange 4^ 
 
 Richmond Female Seminary, 
 
 John H. Powell, principal 33 
 Richmond, Fredericksburg 
 
 and Potomac Railroad . . 105 
 
IXDKX. 
 
 !IG 
 
 Richmond Ice Co. ...'.. 241 
 Richmoud Iron Works, 
 
 Chamblin. Delancy it Scotl 149 
 Richmond Locomotive and 
 
 Machine Works 14^ 
 
 Richmond Mica Co 192 
 
 Richmond Optical Co. . . . 266, 267 
 Richmond Paper M'f'g Co . 195 
 Richmond Railway and Elec- 
 tric Co 52 
 
 Richmond Slove Co. ... 149 
 Richmond Tobacco Co., W. 
 
 L. Fleming ^^S 
 
 Richmond Transfer Co., M. 
 
 K. Garthrisht's 270 
 
 Richmond Transfer Co., A. 
 
 W. Garber, president . . . 304 
 Richmond Towi'g and Trans- 
 portation Co 116 
 
 Richmond Wagon M'f'gCo . 157 
 Richmond and Chesapeake 
 
 Railroad 112 
 
 Richmond and Danville Rail- 
 road Co 106 
 
 Richmond and Manchester 
 
 Land Co . . 77. 7^ 
 
 Richmond and Manchester 
 
 Railway Co 52 
 
 Richmond and Petersburg 
 
 Railroad 104 
 
 Robertson, John C 69, 87 
 
 Robins, A. H 261 
 
 Robertson. L. T. . 22S 
 
 Rogers, Edgerton ^ 57 
 
 Rose, J. E. *fc Co 175 
 
 Ross. Dr. George 290 
 
 Royall. Augustine, tt Co., 
 
 Manchester 76 
 
 Rueger's Restaurant .... 49 
 
 Rnehrraund, Carl 59 
 
 Rnssell, Otis H., Postmaster 2S5 
 
 Russell, W. \V 155 
 
 Rutherfoord. Thomas ... 67 
 
 Saks, a., & co -,;, 
 
 Salomonsky & Co 235 
 
 Saner. The C. F. Sauer Co . . 182 
 Saunders. E. A. <.t Son . . 43, 215, 216 
 
 Savage, Beveridge & Co. . . 224 
 
 Schaap, A. K. cV- C. E . . . . 234 
 Schmidt, Hermann, and 
 
 Transparent Ice Co. . . , 1S4. 22S 
 
 Security Savings Bank ... S7 
 
 Seddon, W. L. A Co 97 
 
 Shanks <k Barrett ... 176 
 
 Sheild Tobacco Co. 138 
 
 Sheitd &. Newton 2S1 
 
 Shelton, A. V., Richmoud 
 
 Elevator Works i:^:^ 
 
 Shepherd, A, L. A: Co 239 
 
 Sitterding, F 166 
 
 Slater, E. Beverly 2S3 
 
 Sleight, J. D. K., Presbyterian 
 
 Committee of Publication . 259 
 
 Smith-Courtney Co 246 
 
 Smith, N. J.. Deputy Revenue 
 
 Collector, U. S 2S6 
 
 Smith, Robert M., & Co. . . 220 
 
 Smith, W. C ,5- 
 
 Sontheru R'y Supply Co . . .242,243 
 
 Southern Stove Works ... 152 
 Soulhern Telephone and Tel- 
 egraph Co 304,305 
 
 Southern Eng. and Stamp Co. 205 
 
 Spott. W. A., & Son 265 
 
 Spott tt Spott 264 
 
 Stacy, George P. 's Sons . . . 211 
 
 Stagg. Thomas E 161 
 
 Staples & Martin 125 
 
 Staples, H. L 65 
 
 Starke, P. P.,D. D. S 295 
 
 Starke, H. M., & Co 258 
 
 Siafe, The 39 
 
 State Bank of Virginia ... ^^^ 
 
 Steel, Charles, D. D. S. . . . 293 
 
 Steel, Frank R., D. D. S- . . 293 
 
 Steel. George B.. D. D. S. . . 293 
 
 Stern. Jo. Lane 277 
 
 Stevens & Co 73 
 
 St. Luke's Home, Dr. Hunter 
 
 McGnire. . 289,290 
 
 St. Mary's Benedictine Inst . 35 
 
 Stockmar & Henlein .... 20S 
 
 Stokes tt Dunn 235 
 
 Stokes ife Simmons ..... 236 
 
 Stowe & Nuckols 108, 165 
 
 Stumpf, Peter, The Peter 
 
 Stnmpf Brewing Co. . . . 1S6 
 Sublett & Cary, Old Dom'n 
 Tobacco Warehouse .... 124,225 
 
 Sublett Walter S 247 
 
 Sulphur Mines Co. of Va . . 310 
 
 Sutherland. W. Dellie . . 270 
 
 Sutton tV Co 72 
 
 Sweeney's American Stables 268 
 
 Swineford Howard loi 
 
 Sycle, Isaac, & Go 232 
 
 Sycle, Julius. & Son . . 232 
 
 Sydnor &. Shepard . . . . 174 
 
 Sydnor & Hundley 257 
 
 Sykes, J. S., Manchester . . 272 
 
 Ta LBOTT & SONS, 
 
 Shockoe Machine Works, 142. 152 
 
 Tanner, C. W.. & C-> 192 
 
 Taylor, John M 122. 123 
 
 Taylor, Dr. W. H., Coroner . 292 
 
 Taylor, Wirt E., & Cj. ... 220 
 
 Teasdale, J. R. .... 237 
 
 Thaxton, George D., & Co. . ^ 230 
 
 Thomason & Minor 2S1 
 
 Thomas, ^L W.. Manager Ft. 
 
 Wayne Electric Co 246, 247 
 
 Thornton & Co 125 
 
 Tignor. T. W 250 
 
 Times Co.. The 39.53-72 
 
 Tinsley, James G., & Co. . . 1S9 
 
 Tobacco Exchange 46 
 
 Travers, S. W.. & Co. . . 1S7 
 
 Tredegar Co., The 41, 144 
 
 Trexler ik Elmore . . . 109, 164, 165 
 
 Turner & Willis ..... 213 
 
 Union brokerage. 
 
 Commission and Ware- 
 house Co 221 
 
 United Banking aad Build- 
 ing Co -s 
 
 rilman, S.'s Son, H. S. Wal- 
 
 lerstein 226 
 
 V alentine's :\i e a t - 
 
 Juice Works 182 
 
 Van Buren, B. li 168 
 
 Van de Vyver. A., and the R. 
 
 C. Church, Richmond . 297, 298299 
 
 Van Horn & Sou ... 149- 
 
 Virginia Dredging Co. . 116 
 
 Virginia Fire and Marine In- 
 surance Co 90. 91 
 
 Virginia Hot Springs Co. . .213,311 
 
 Virginia Mercantile and Safe 
 
 Deposit Co 88 
 
 Virginia Paper Co 196 
 
 Virginia State Agricultural 
 and Mechanical Society 
 
 (Exposition Association) . 46 
 
 Virginia Safe -Deposit and 
 
 Fidelity Co 88 
 
 Virginia State Insurance Co. 92 
 
 Virginia Steamboat Co. . . . 114,116 
 
 "WaDDILL, EDMUNP . . 284 
 
 Wade, W. M.,D. D. S 296 
 
 Wagner, 1 261 
 
 Wallace, H. H 254 
 
 Wallerstein, H., & Co . . . 223 
 
 Walsh & McLauchlan ... 154 
 
 Ware & Duke 201 
 
 Warwick Bros 139 
 
 Warwick Park Transporta- 
 tion Co 116 
 
 Watkins. Charles, «fc Co. . . . 122 
 
 Watt Plow Co 158 
 
 Webb-Peploe. J. H 2S3 
 
 Weisiger Clothing Co. . . 215,233 
 
 Wellford, B. Ran^ 277 
 
 Wellford. Dr. J. S 291 
 
 West Ftnd Land and Improve- 
 ment Co 62 
 
 Westham Granite C>. . . 172 
 West. John R. (Equitable Liie 
 
 Assurance Soc. of N. Y.l . . 100 
 
 West, Johnston & Co. ... 253 ^J 
 
 We.st. Albert L., deceased , . 53, 5S 
 
 West. William C. Architei t , 58 
 
 We.st. The Wm. B We.st Co. . 22r 
 
 West tfe Branch 173 
 
 W'heat, Dr. Lewis 291 
 
 Wherry. B. C 96 
 
 White, Dr. Isaiah H. . 140,289 
 
 Whitehurst, W.J 162 
 
 White, P J 56 
 
 Whittett & Sheppersoii . . . 202 
 
 Wickham, William F. . . . 282 
 
 Williams, John L-, & Son . . 89 
 
 Williams, John R., & Co . 172 
 W'illiams. The T. C. Williams 
 
 Co 132, 133 
 
 W'illiams ^: Boulware .... 276 
 W'ingo, EUett & Crump Shoe 
 
 Co 214, 236 
 
 Winston, P. P., & Sou . . . 67 
 
 Winter. J. 13 2:*; 
 
 Wittkamp, Bernard, Jr. . . . 26S 
 
 W*oodall, James 256 
 
 Wood, James Nelson .... 301 
 
 Wood, W. S., vt Son 253 
 
 Woodward & Lothrop .... 231 
 
 Wormeley, P. Lightfoot ... 123 
 
 Wright, The J. Wright Co. . 36, 137 
 
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