<^. 4^' ■vj- ^ IfA 5^ 0<. ,^ ^^^ ^ ^. '"' *""s ^0 #% ^i\^f cO' V^^ .r ^"^ ".■'■' \ ^^^ \m^^' v^ -' / ^ '^- -.- . . ^v \> #■ -.^^ %<^ •ay •<^. aC^ Any ^■ yCjyu MJ^' \y^-sj^. K \j^'' . 'V ! ^'^K. V I, •Dai s?y x^- List of Illustrations. FACING PAGE Castle Haven — Frontispiece. Baptist Mission Church 76 Bethel African M. E. Church 180 Cambridge High School 254 Carroll Tombs 280 Christ P. E. Church 136 Coats-of-arms: Carroll 275 Goldsborough-Henry 299 Hooper 319 Keene 335 Lake 342 Vans Murray 394 County Jail 58 Court House 52 Dorchester House (Colonial) 68 DoRSEY Wyvill House 284 East New Market High School 86 Edmondson House 90 Grace M. E. Church, South 78 Hambrook 304 Hambrook Bay 12 Hicks Monument 318 Hooper Houses 88 Lee Mansion fColonial) 98 6 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS "Mary Refuge of Sinners" ii6 Masonic Hall 62 Old County Gaol (Colonial) 66 Old Windmill 102 Ox Team in Town 246 Oyster Planting 242 St. Paul's M. P. Church 72 Trinity P. E. Church 108 Warwick Fort Manor House (Colonial) 324 Williamsburg M. E. Church 92 WooLFORD Home (Colonial) 160 ZiON M. E. Church 132 INTRODUCTORY TO THE HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY. As history is but the record of past events, dependent on some primary cause, so we find the origin of Dorchester County and its early development to be what the founders and early settlers of Maryland made it. Therefore, to show the relation of the county to the province, under the influ- ence of its makers, and to invite a deeper interest in our ancestors of colonial times, a brief sketch is here first given of the Calvert family, the Lord Proprietaries of Maryland, the charter privileges granted Lord Baltimore by the King of England, the rules and laws from time to time proc|laimed by the Proprietaries, Governors and Council, either with or without approval of the Assemblies, and other events that shaped the course and progress of the colony that led to the formation of Dorchester County. Readers familiar with Maryland history may omit this chapter. PREFACE This fragmentary collection of local history and biography is only a glimpse at the interesting events occurring in Dorchester County from its origin, two hundred and thirty-three years ago, to the present day. In compiling this local record, references to State events and people have been frequently made in order to explain the cause and efifect of local acts which have had their influences in county affairs. Especially has it been the purpose to note the names of the promoters of the county as well as to mention their deeds. In this fast age of book and newspaper literature when every inmate of the American home must daily read the current his- tory of the world as it transpires, there is no reasonable excuse why a history of Dorchester County should not be published. It has been the desire of the author to give a truthful narration of the events treated, and while the diction may not be all that could be desired, it is set forth as an earnest effort, to which the reader is asked to bestow that indulgence which the work merits. If due credit has not been given, either by reference or quotation, for any language used in this book, it is an act of unintentional omission. It is a pleasure to insert a list of references and names of per- sons to whom the author is indebted for aid and information in lO PREFACE compiling this work, and much gratitude is due to Hbrarians and court officers for the hberty of access to the books and records in their keeping. Owing to the loss or destruction of some of the provincial records of Maryland and the County Court records of Dorchester County, a complete list of the Council and Assembly Delegates, Court Justices and Sheriffs of that period could not be obtained for publication. Elias Jones. Baltimore, December, 1902. SOURCES AND REFERENCES FROM WHICH THE HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY HAS BEEN COMPILED. CONTRIBUTORS. Mrs. Hester Dorsey Richardson. Miss Pink Jacobs. Mrs. Dr. G. L. Hicks and family. Levin Straughn. Hon. Jas. S. Shepherd. Mr. Richard P. Lake. Mr. James Wallace. Hon. Robert G. Henry, M. Worthington Goldsboroiigh, Col. Wm. S. Muse, Charles Lake, Hon. W. F. Applegarth, Hon. Phil. L. Goldsborough, Wm. C. Anderson, John W. Fletcher, John G. Mills, Jas. H. C. Barrett, Alfred R. Steiiart, Francis P. Corkran, Jasper Nicols, Enoch Lowe, Esq., Dr. H. F. Nicols, John E. Harrington, Jas. W. Craig, Dr. James L. Bryan, Dr. Thomas H. Williams, Dr. B. W. Golds- borough, Hon. Clement Sulivane, William F. Drain, Rev. Dr. W. L. McDowell, John T. Moore, Jeremiah P. Hooper, Charles M. Davis, Milton G. Harper, James Todd, Mrs. Fannie Mister, Miss May Stevens, Wm. M. Marine. George W. McCreary, Librarian Maryland Historical Society. From Public Records. — Maryland Historical Society, Maryland State Library, Maryland Land Record Office, Enoch Pratt Free Library, Baltimore; Peabody Library, 12 SOURCES AND REFERENCES Baltimore; Dorchester County Circuit Court Records, Dor- chester County Orphans' Court Records, Dorchester County Register of Wills' Records, Dorchester County Commission- ers' Records, United States Treasury Department. Newspapers. — Maryland Gazette, Annapolis; Baltimore American and Commercial Advertiser, Federal Republican, Bal- timore; Repnhlican and Star, Easton; Democrat and Nezvs, Cambridge; Dorchester Era, Cambridge; Dorchester Standard, Cambridge; Cambridge Chronicle, Cambridge; The Daily Banner, Cambridge. Books Consulted for Information. — Bozman's His- tory of Maryland, Scharf's History of Maryland, Browne's History of Maryland, Hanson's History of Kent, Archives of Maryland, published and unpublished; Senate and House Journals of Maryland, Kilty's Landholders' Assistant, Makers of Methodism, Freeborn Garrettson's Journals, Francis As- bury's Journal, Boehm's Reminiscences, First Eastern Shore of Maryland Regiment History, by Wilmer; Indian Tribes of the United States, by Drake; Chronicles of Colonial Mary- land, by James W. Thomas. DIVISION I. Introductory to the History of Dorchester County. CHAPTER I. THE CALVERT FAMILY — THE LORDS PROPRIETARIES — MOTIVES FOR FOUND- ING A COLONY BY GEORGE CALVERT, THE FIRST LORD BALTIMORE — HIS NEWFOUNDLAND COLONY A FAILURE — HIS EFFORTS IN AMERICA — THE LOSS OF HIS FAMILY AT SEA — THE PREPARATION OF THE MARYLAND CHARTER — CHARTER RIGHTS OF THE PROPRIETARY. "George Calvert, the first Lord Baltimore, \vg^ the son cf Leonard Calvert and his wife, Alice C roxal l, a cultivated Flemish yeomanry people, and was born at Kipling, in Yorkshire, northern part of England. When only eleven years of age he entered Trinity College, Oxford, in 1593, and ir four years became Bachelor of Arts. Soon after leaving college he married Anne, daughter of George Mynne, and became the clerk of Sir Robert Cecil, Earl of Salisbury. While in that capacity he attracted the notice of King James, who visited the University of Oxford in 1605, when young Calvert was given the degree of Master of Arts." By royal influence he was made Clerk of the Privy Council in 161 1, and in 161 7 was sworn in as one of the Secretaries of State, and then knighted. For his valuable services to the govern- ment he was long- a favorite of King James, though annoyed by the Duke of Buckingham and other jealous rivals at Court. In 161 3 he was a member of Parliament from Corn- wall; in 1 62 1 for York, and in 1624 for Oxford. August 3, 1622, his wife died in childbirth. Ten children survived her. Their children were : Cecilius, the eldest, successor to the title. Leonard, Keeper of the Rolls of Connaught from 1621 to 1626; captain of a privateer oft the coast of Newfoundland 14 INTRODUCTORY HISTORY in 1629; Governor of Maryland from 1634 to the year of his death at St. Mary's, June 9, 1647; was never married. George came to^ Maryland with Leonard; settled in Vir- ginia, and died in 1667. Francis, died in youth. Henry, there is no published record. Anne, married William Peasley and lived in London. Dorothy, no record. Elizabeth, no record. Grace, married Sir Robert Talbott, Kildare, Ireland. Helen, no record. John, died in youth. Philip Calvert, by his second wife (?), was Governor of Maryland. About this time Lord Baltimore became interested in col- onization, and was made a member of the Virginia Company and the New England Company, and was granted the terri- try of Newfoundland on March 30, 1623, which was incor- porated into a province called Avalon. Before the patent was granted he had organized a little colony there in 1620. In 1624 he was made Baron of Baltimore by King James, and granted in fee 2034 acres of arable land and 1605 acres of bog and woodland in Longford County, Ireland. Very soon after the receipt of these great honors. Lord Baltimore failed in health and lost favor with the King, who was also very ill at that time. He proposed to resign, and, in six weeks before King James died, sold the Secretaryship tO' Sir Albert Morton for six thousand pounds sterling. After the death of King James, Lord Baltimore was received with favor by the new King Charles I., who assisted him with govern- ment vessels to take a colony to Newfoundland. One of the vessels was the "Ark of Avalon," which later, with the "Dove," brought the first colonists to Maryland. The earliest accounts of man's origin and his habits of abode on the earth show him to have been then, as now, a creature naturally inclined tO' extend his jurisdiqtion over wide domains of land. Hence, Lord Baltimore's ambition THE CALVERT FAMILY I5 was to rule over a kingdom, be it Newfoundland or Mary- land. Others say the primary purpose of Lord Baltimore was to found a colony in America within a province which had been promised to him by Charles I. under special char- tered rights, that he might offer his "Catholic friends a home where they could enjoy the privileges of religious liberty of conscience free and undisturbed from' royal decrees and per- secuting laws." "Though Lord Baltimore was a highly honored man by the King of England, and an influential leader in public afifairs and among men, yet he was the victim of serious mis- fortunes. First, was his costly effort in planting a colony in Newfoundland." This colony was abandoned by Lord Bal- timore because of the severity of the climate. It had cost him thirty thousand pounds. In 1629, after having lived one winter in Newfoundland, where he and his family were much of the time sick, he abandoned his home to fishermen, sent a part of his family to England, and sailed with his wife, some children and servants to the colony of Virginia, tO' look in that part of America for a better place tO' locate a new colony. While in Virginia he was unkindly treated and urged to take the oaths of "allegiance and supremacy," which he re- fused, and was obliged to leave the colony. For some un- known cause he left his family and personal property there. After his arrival in England, he petitioned the King to have his family brought home, which was first refused, but in 163 1 his wife, several children and servants, with much valuable personal property, were permitted to embark on a vessel, the "St. Cloude," for England. This vessel and all on board were lost at sea on the homeward voyage. After the loss of his second wife and children by this disaster, in a letter of con- dolence written to the Earl of Stafford, he refers to his own misfortunes thus: "There are few, perhaps, can judge of it better than I, who' have been a long time myself a man of sorrows. But all things, my Lord, in this world pass away; statiim est, wife, children, honor, wealth, friends, and what else is dear tOi flesh and blood. They are but lent to us till 1 6 INTRODUCTORY HISTORY God pleases to call for them back again, that we may not esteem anything, our own, or set our hearts upon anything but Him alone, who only remains forever." After Lord Baltimore had obtained consent from King Charles I. to settle a colony in America, adjacent to Virginia, he prepared the patent with his own hands in the Latin lan- guag'e; but before it received the royal signature he died — April 15, 1632, in the fifty-third year of his age, at Lincoln's Inn Fields, in London, and was buried in Saint Dunstan's Church, Fleet Street, London. In the charter Lord Baltimore had named the territory to be granted "Crescentia," but Vvdien it was passed to his son, Cecilius Calvert, the title name of the province was changed, by order of King Charles, to "Maryland." in honor of his wife, Queen Llenrietta Maria, daughter of King Henr)^ IV. of France. The plans laid out by Lord Baltimore for planting a colony at his expense, where he expected to supremely govern, and where his friends and others hoped to enjoy civil and religious liberty, were successfully started in operation by his eldest son, Cecilius (baptized Cecil) Calvert, but he and his suc- cessors of the Lords Baltimore met many disturbing political factors while trying to govern their province. Cecilius Calvert inherited his father's estates, baronial honors and titles, and thus became the seg'ond Lord Baron of Baltimore in the Kingdom of Ireland. The provincial charter, intended for his father, promptly passed the Great Seal, and was given the son, June 20, 1632, two months and five days after the death of Lord Baltimore the first. Cecilius Calvert inherited but little fortune from his father, George — Lord Baltimore — except titles of honor and un- profitable land estates. What revenues he could raise were spent towards the support of his infant colony in Maryland, which required aid for development before it brought rev- enues in return. He married the daugher of Earl Arimdel, and resided with his father-in-law, who' was rich in "ancestral CHARTER RIGHTS OF PROPRIETARY 1 7 associations," but poor in living resources. When eighty years old, in 1638, he wrote to the King of England: ''Mon- eys I have none; no, not to pay the interest of the debts. My plate is plaaed at pawn. My son Baltimore is brought so low with his setting forward the plantation of Mary- land, and with the claims and oppositions which he has met with, that I do not see how he could subsist if I did not give him diet for himself, wife and children." CHARTER RIGHTS OF PROPRIETARY. {ScharPs History.) In condensed form the Charter of Maryland invested the Proprietary with the following rights : Territorial. — All the land and water within the boun- daries of the province, and islands within ten marine leagues of the shore, with mines and fisheries, in perpetual possession to himself and his heirs. Legislative. — The right to make all laws public or private, with the assent of the freemen of the province; and ordinances (not impairing life, limb or property), without their assent. Judicial. — To establish courts of justice of various kinds, and appoint all judges, magistrates and civil officers; also to execute the laws even to the extent of taking life. Regal. — To confer titles and dignities; to erect towns, boroughs and cities; and to make ports of entry and depar- ture; also to pardon all ofifences. Ecclesiastical. — To erect and found churches and chapels, and cause them to be consecrated according to the ecclesiastical laws of England; and to have the patronage and advowsons thereof. Military. — To call out and arm the whole fighting population, wage war, take prisoners, and slay alien enemies; also to exercise martial law in case of insurrection. Financial. — To alienate, sell or rent land; to levy duties and toils on ships and merchandise. l8 INTRODUCTORY HISTORY The People's Rights. — The charter gave all settlers in the colony of England the privilege to remain English sub- jects. To inherit, purchase or own land or other property; free trade with England; to help make the laws for the prov- ince, and not be taxed by the crown. "The proprietary had almost kingly control, and the people very restricted privi- leges, yet under the Calverts' rule civil and religious liberty was secured and enjoyed by the people for fifty years Of George Calvert, the first Lord Baltimore, Bancroft says : "He deser^^es to be ranked among the most wise and benevolent lawgivers of all ages. He was the first in the his- tory of the Christian world to seek for religious security and peace by the practice of justice, and not by the exercise of power." The opinion of Bradley T. Johnson, author of "The Foundation of Maryland," showing Lord Baltimore's purpose of planting the colony of Maryland, much deserves recognition, and is here partly quoted : "Instead then of the foundations of Maryland having been laid on a policy of col- onization and material development, or as the consequences of religious movement in England, or as the result of the teachings and practices of the Roman Catholic Church, the light now shed upon the contemporaneous actors, their motives and their acts, enables us to see that Lord Baltimore from the very initiation of his enterprise deliberately, ma- turely and wisely, upon consultation and advice, determined to devote his life and fortune to the work of founding a free English State, with its institutions deeply planted upon the ancient customs, rights and safeguards of free Englishmen, and which should be a sanctuary for all Christian people for- ever." "This purpose wisely conceived, maturely con- sidered, and bravely persisted in, through all obstacles, ex- plains everything that has heretofore appeared ambiguous in the career of Lord Baltimore." The motives that influenced George Calvert to found a colony were liberally enlarged or modified by his son and successors to meet the political policies made by national changes in the government of England. CHAPTER 11. PREPARATION FOR STARTING FIRST COLONISTS — LEONARD CALVERT PUT IN CHARGE OF THE EXPEDITION, AND APPOINTED FIRST GOVERNOR — DEPARTURE FROM ENGLAND — ARRIVAL IN AMERICA — FOUND A BEAUTI- FUL LAND, BUT FACED MANY PRIVATIONS. The beginning of the work towards colonizing Mary- land by Cecil Calvert, under his palatine powers and distin- guished title, "Cecilius, Absolute Lord and Proprietary of the Province of Maryland and Avalon, Lord Baron of Balti- more," as was designed by his honored father, was started in 1633. Numerous friends were invited to emigrate with him; commissions were issued, and a constitution and laws were framed for the government of the colony. At this time, after having made great preparations to go out with his colony, his private affairs and relations to public State mat- ters, made it impracticable for him to leave England. He commissioned his brother, Leonard Calvert, "Lieutenant- General, Chief Governor, Chancellor, Commander, Captain, Magistrate and Keeper of the Great Seal," to accompany the colonists and govern them in the province. Their departure from England, under severe restrictions, stormy voyage across the ocean, arrival in the Chesapeake, and settlement at St. Mary's, with small resources and little means for self- defence, were the beginning of trials to prepare the way for courageous endurance under long-continued privations. Too far away from happy homes and generous friends in England were they to find relief in sickness, sympathy in sorrow, or consolation in bereavement. To those first settlers, and other heroic adventurers who followed, tO' establish new homes for the enjoyment of per- sonal freedom and liberty of conscience in a lovely land, clothed in a forest of virgin wildwood, shore-washed by the bold waters of the Chesapeake Bay, and embraced by beatiti- 20 INTRODUCTORY HISTORY ful rivers that curve and twine inland toward delightful loca- tions for towns and rural homes, we, the generations of to- day, in "Maryland, My Maryland," chiefly owe our happy destiny. Much of interest took place in the little colony founded at St. Mary's in the course of the events by which it grew in population and expanded in bounds that required subdivi- sion into counties and county organizations between 1634 and 1669 (to show the plan of government and steps for ad- vancement), to that period when Dorchester County was erected. In recent years the Maryland Historical Society, through many of its distinguished members, by their thor- ough investigation and examination of old colonial records and papers — the Maryland Archives and ofificial documents in the Colonial Record Office in London, and from the Cal- vert papers, purchased in England — has collec/ted and pub- lished an invaluable fund of Maryland provincial history, hitherto undiscovered, and new to the present generation of Marylanders. CHAPTER III. FIRST COLONIAL ASSEMBLIES — CODE OF LAWS — THE PROPRIETARY'S PRE- ROGATIVES — SEPARATION OF THE ASSEMBLY INTO TWO LEGISLATIVE BODIES — POWERS OF THE COUNCIL — FIRST DISTURBING FACTOR, CLAI- BORNE OF KENT, RICHARD INGLE, THE NEXT TO INTERFERE — HIS ALLI- ANCE WITH CLAIBORNE— SEIZURE OF ST. MARY's — FLIGHT OF GOVERNOR CALVERT TO VIRGINIA — HIS RETURN AND RE-CAPTURE OF ST. MARY's — DEATH OF GOVERNOR CALVERT IN 1647— APPOINTMENT OF WILLIAM STONE, GOVERNOR, ETC. On the 26th of February, 1635, the first legislative body of the colony met in a log fort at St. Mary's. This fort was their State House. Of the proceedings of this Assembly there is no record, and only known of by subsequent refer- ence to Acts then passed and vetoed by Lord Baltimore on April 15, 1637, when he granted power to Governor Calvert to call an assembly of freemen. In that year Lord Balti- more prepared a code of laws for the government of the col- ony, to secure the liberties of the people, and to provide for General Assemblies of all freemen, who might pass necessary laws tO' protect themselves in civil and political rights. This code of laws was brought over from England by John Lew- ger. After his arrival in the province, Governor Calvert summoned all the freemen to meet in general assembly at St. Mary's, November 28, 1637. There were but ninety of them out of about twO' hundred and twenty colonists. (This shows that a majority of the colonists were servants, chiefly held to pay for the cost of their transportation into the province.) Three Jesuit priests, Fathers Andrew White, John Altham and Thomas Copley, were summoned, and Robert Clark appeared for them and excused their absence by reason of sickness. (Since that time no priest or clergy- man has ever sat as a member in any Maryland Assembly. The Constitution of the State, since then adopted, has al- ways made all ministers and preachers of the gospel ineligible 22 INTRODUCTORY HISTORY as representatives in the General Assembly, an exclusion that does not exist in any other State.) In the first Assemblies the Delegates specially summoned by the GoA^ernor, Burgesses elected by the freemen, and freemen who had not consented to an election, sat in the same room with the Governor and his Council; but by a request of the Burgesses, in 1649, they and the Council sat in sepa- rate apartments, and in 1650 two houses were formally organized. The Proprietary generally chose the members of the Upper House for his Council in the province, but with executive prerogatives, the Governor sometimes selected men of known ability and good reputation to form a part of the Council. The Governor and Council formed the Upper House of As- sembly. The Governor appointed the civil and military officers for the province, with consent of the Proprietary. County courts were established by the appointment of Com- missioners for the counties; and, usually, one of the Gov- ernor's Council w'as named to preside at court sittings. The Governor could call or prorogue Provincjial Assem- blies at pleasure. For the passage of laws made by the Lower House it required the concurrence of the Upper House and approval by the Lord Proprietary. The Council or Upper House had limited legislative powers of its own. The char- ter gave the Proprietary's representatives the right to pass ordinances that would not affect the life, liberty or property of the freemen without the assent of the Assembly. They had power to lay out counties and hundreds, establish public offices and to confer civil liberty on aliens. They also formed the Provincial Court or Court of Appeals, exqept when the Proprietary Government was deprived of control b}^ hostile invasion or revolution. The code of laws prepared by Lord Baltimore for the government of the colony, and brought over by John Lewger, was at first rejected by the Assembly of freemen, who had been summoned by Governor Calvert in 1638, N. S., by order of the Proprietary, but were finally adopted in WILLIAM CLAIBORNE 23 reconstructed form. The first act of this people's Legisla- ture was an Act for establishing the "House of Assembly," and the laws to be made therein. It provided that the Bur- gesses be elected by the freemen who consent to the election, and the gentlemen summoned by his Lordship's special writ shall be called the House of Assembly. This Act was de- signed to be first the work of the freemen or their representa- tives, and afterwards tO' be confirmed by his Lordship. It was passed the first day the Assembly met, in 1639, February 25. From this Act we inherited our House of Assembly whose laws our Governors confirm^ or veto. The first disturbing factor of note in the colony was Wil- liam Claiborne, who had obtained license in 1631 from King Charles to establish a trading post on Kent Island, which was within the limits of Lord Baltimore's grant, and claimed by him. He offered Claiborne and his company of traders the privilege to^ remain on the island and become subjects of the Maryland colony. This they refused, and at once con- spired with some Indian tribes to destroy the new colony, but were unsuccessful. Then they began military and naval operations against the Proprietary's government in the prov- ince. Prior to an attack made by Claiborne's adherents on the colonists in 1635, he fled to- Virginia, and from there went to England to have his claims tO' the island confirmed by the King, which was declined, and also refused by the Commis- sioners of Plantations, to whom the matter had been referred by the King for their consideration. Their decision against his claim was made April 4, 1638, because he had not been granted plantation privileges; and also because Lord Balti- more had been granted the territory of "Crescentia" by the King of England, under his private seal, before Claiborne's license for Kent had been issued. It is thus shown that Claiborne was not unjustly deprived of his territory, but losf his personal property by confiscation under the usages of war for military resistance. From 1639 the colony prospered until 1643, when the Lord Proprietary made some changes in administrative ofificers of the Council, and conferred more 24 INTRODUCTORY HISTORY authority on Governor Calvert, who in that year went to England to confer with his brother on matters of interest to the provincial government. He appointed Giles Brent, Commander of the Isle of Kent, to be acting Governor in his absence. While Governor Calvert was in England, one Captain Richard Ingle, with an armed crew on his vessel, traded about the province, intimidated and disturbed the inhabitants at several places. By order of Governor Brent, Ingle was arrested and his vessel seized, but he was soon per- mitted to^ escape — possibly intentionally to avoid Protestant exaitement in the colony at that time. Fiction pictures Ingle's arrest by order of Governor Brent, who with Council- lors Neale and Cornwaleys, secretly watched Sheriff Ellyson seize and bind him. Immediately after his arrest, a brief coun- cil of the trio decided to accompany their too much prisoner to his vessel at once, which they did; placed him on board and bade him depart from the province before the morning's dawn. "In 1644 Governor Calvert returned from England in haste, in September, after the defeat of the Royalists in the civil war, only to find great disorder in the province. To add tOi this discontent. Lord Baltimore had commissioned for the colony a Catholic Governor and Council." In 1645 Captain Ingle, who had been granted letters of marque by Commissioners of Parliament, tO' prey on the commerce of England, returned in an armed vessel, aided by some disloyal colonists, surprised the guards at St. Mary's, seized and carried away the records and Great Seal of the province, and also a number of Catholic colonists, prisoners to Virginia and England, including Father White. Gov- ernor Calvert fled to Virginia for protection from Claiborne, who' took possession of the province at an opportune time made by the help of Ingle. But in 1646 Governor Calvert returned with an armed force of friends to Maryland, sur- prised the rebels, took St. Mary's, and reestablished his gov- ernment. Hardly had he allayed the disorder caused by Clai- borne's and Ingle's invasion, when on the ninth of June, 1647, ACT OF RELIGIOUS TOLERATION 25 he suddenly died. On his deathbed he nominated Thomas Greene to act as Governor after his decease. Greene's ad- ministration was short and unsatisfactory. In 1648, August 12, Lord Baltimore removed Governor Greene and his Council from office, and appointed William Stone Governor — Protestant, from Northampton County, Virginia. When he arrived he brought six settlers, and had promised Lord Baltimore to^ bring into the colony five hun- dred. Probably the Puritans he had invited from Virginia, who settled at Providence, were of the five hundred. If then his friends, they later proved to be his dreadful foes. Lord Baltimore, at this time a paroled prisoner in England, watching the downfall of the King and the rise of Parliament, knew he could not sustain a Catholic government in the province, wisely chose a Protestant majority for the Gov- ernor's Council — namely, John Price, Thomas Hatton and Robert Vaughn, Protestants, and Thomas Greene and John Pile Stone, Catholics. He also prepared a new Great Seal for the province in the place of the one stolen by Ingle and never returned; and a code of sixteen new laws, one of which was the Act of Religious Toleration, one of the best laws ever enacted in Maryland. The passage of those laws in 1649 and assented to by the Lord Proprietary in 1650 was made the basis of an agreement of reconciliation and peace between-j the Protestant and Catholic colonists, but for a brief time only. The civil war in England, the capture and execution of King Charles I. soon caused exciting disturbances between the Proprietary government and the Puritan-Protestant alliance in the colony that in sympathy supported Parliament. CHAPTER IV. REDUCTION OF CHESAPEAKE BAY COLONIES TO OBEDIENCE UNDER THE "COM- MONWEALTH" — EFFORTS OF LORD BALTIMORE TO RE-ESTABLISH THE PROPRIETARY GOVERNMENT — GOVERNOR STONE's MILITARY EFFORTS FOR THE PROPRIETARY — HIS ATTACK ON THE PURITAN CAPITAL, DEFEAT AND CAPTURE — CROMWELL COMMISSIONERS IN CONTROL UNTIL 1658— DISCOURAGED BY LORD BALTIMORE'S INFLUENCE WITH THE PROTECTOR, SURRENDERED CONTROL IN THE PROVINCE — JOSIAH FENDALL APPOINTED GOVERNOR— USURPS AUTHORITY AND IS DISMISSED— CAPITALS OF MARY- LAND. In 165 1 an armed fleet sailed from London by authority of Parliament to reduce the Chesapeake Bay colonies to obedience under the "Commonwealth." Of the Commission- ers appointed tO' do this work, Capt. William Claiborne and Richard Bennett, first visited Virginia, and made terms with Governor Berkeley. They arrived in Maryland in March, 1652, and proposed terms to Governor Stone, who did not consent to their demands. They by proclamation assumed control and appointed a Board of Commissioners, viz: Robert Brooks, Col. Francis Yardley, Job Chandler, Richard Preston and Lieutenant Richard Banks, for the gov- ernment of the province, under the authority of Parliament. Thus was Lord Baltimore deprived of all his rights in the province, whiqh he had maintained graciously with his wealth and exalted executive ability. Claiborne and Bennett then returned to Virginia, but in June came back to Maryland and appointed Captain Stone (late Governor Stone) Governor, and a new Council for the province. The Lord Proprietary did not long submit to this wrong; as soon as Cromwell dis- solved Parliament, in 1653, and became Lord Protector of England, he reestablished the Proprietary government in 1654 through Governor Stone, who attempted to defend the Proprietary's rights, but through persuasion by the Catholics THE CROMWELL COMMISSIONERS 27 not to resort to arms, surrendered his authority again to the Commissioners, who took possession of the province in the name of Cromwell, July 22, 1654. Under the ten Commis- sioners then appointed, of whom Edward Lloyd and Richard Preston were members, an Assembly met and passed an Act disfranchising Catholics, and refusing them protection under the laws of England, to whidh they claimed to be subject. This Act indelibly stained the shrine of Maryland liberty. It was largely the work of the Puritans, who had lately settled at Providence on the Severn, and to whom Claiborne had qlO'Sely allied himself for greater political influence and power. Lord Baltimore's reproof to Governor Stone for his tame surrender of provincial authority to the Crom^yell Commissioners, fired anew his ambition tO' regain colonial control; and he organized an armed party who went and seized the arms and ammunition and provincial records stored at Richard Preston's house, on the Patuxent, then the seat of colonial government. At onoe he raised a military and naval force, sailed to Providence, the Puritans' capital, and on March 25, 1655, attacked their forces of defence, by whom his little army was defeated and captured. Stone and his leaders were con- demned by court martial to be shot; four of them were exe- cuted, and Stone's life only saved by the sympathy of the soldiers who had previously served under him. Edward Lloyd, whom Governor Stone had commissioned Com- mander of Anne Arundel County in 1650, was a member of the military court that condemned Governor Stone and others of this expedition to be executed. From this time the Cromwell Commissioners ruled in the province until 1658 with great severity, imprisoning or ban- ishing the Proprietary adherents, confiscating their property and otherwise subjecting many to base indignities. At this time Cromwell was too busy with affairs in tyrannized Eng- land to give much attention to the American colonists; but did order Claiborne and Bennett, his Commissioners, to desist from persecuting the colonists. 28 INTRODUCTORY HISTORY Lord Baltimore ardently tried to keep the Proprietary gov- ernment organized. He revoked Governor Stone's commis- sion in 1656 and appointed Josiah Fendall Governor, who was arrested by a warrant from the provincial court and held a prisoner in the name of the Protector for some time and then released, when he sailed for England. About this time Richard Bennett, one of the Cromwell Commissioners, had gone to England to ask for greater recognition in governing the province, which he failed to get, but discuDvered that Lord Baltimore's influence with the Protector was so great that he decided with others there to secure the best terms possible by agreement with the Proprietary, to surrender to him their part of the dual government in the province. Terms were adjusted and an agreement made between the Proprietary and the Provincial Commissioners, which was brought to Maryland by Josiah Fendall, the Proprietary's newly ap- pointed Governor, who published a proclamation in 1658 at St. Mary's, calling for a joint council of the two governments to meet at St. Leonard's, on the Patuxent, March 23, 1658, to arbitrate local difTerenoes and ratify the agreement which was satisfactorily adjusted. Then thfe provincial records were delivered to- Philip Calvert, Secretary of the Proprie- tary's new Council, Fendall was installed Governor and a new Assembly summoned tO' meet at St. Leonard's on April 27 following. Thus was the Puritan control in the province surrendered and the Proprietary fuhy reestablished. Governor Fendall soon proved a traitor tO' the Lord Pro- prietary. In March, 1659, he tried to usurp the government by an alliance with the Assembly which retired the Council from sitting as a separate body, and delegated power to the Lower House to dissolve the Assembly. After reorganizing the Lower House, Fendall surrendered the commission given him by Lord Baltimore and accepted a new one given by his new Assembly. His control was brief. When the Cromwell government gave way to the Stuarts and Charles H. was pro- claimed King in 1660, then Lord Baltimore appointed his brother, Philip Calvert. Governor, who took full control of CAPITALS OF MARYLAND 29 the province. Thus has it been shown that the Proprietary- had been deprived of governing his province ahnost con- tinuously for nearly ten years. CAPITALS OF MARYLAND. The capital of Maryland, first established at St. Mary's in 1634, was continued permanently there until temporarily moved to Patuxent in 1654, when Commissioners Bennett and Claiborne subjected the colony to their control for the "Commonwealth." In 1659, after the restoration of the Proprietary in 1658, St. Mary's was again made the capital seat and so continued until 1683. As the colony grew in population, complaints were made about the inconvenient location of the capital to the Proprie- tary, who, to satisfy the people that lived at a distance from it, yielded consent for its removal to a place in Anne Arundel called the "Ridge." Only one session of the General Assem- bly was held there. Inconvenient buildings and other causes led to its removal to Battle Creek, on the Patuxent, where was held a session of three days, and then adjourned to meet again at St. Mary's. The Proprietary gave the people of St. Mary's a written promise that the capital "should not be removed again during his life." But, alas ! how futile are promises that cannot be fulfilled controlled by an unforeseen destiny. The failure of Lord Baltimore's proclamation to reach the province in due time to announce WilHam and Mary as sovereigns, led to a revolution, in 1689, by an organization under John Coode, known as "An association in Arms for the defence of the Protestant religion, and for asserting the rights of King William and Queen Mary to the province of Mary- land and all the English Dominion." After a short conflict, in August, these seven hundred revolutionists took posses- sion of the province. Thus under royal control, an Assembly passed an Act in 1694 to remove the capital to Anne Arundel Town. After the removal in 1695, the Legislature changed the name of the capital tO' Annapolis, which has ever since been the State capital, a city of acquired romance and re- 30 INTRODUCTORY HISTORY nown, where social gayety and refinement, wealth and intel- lectual culture, lavishly maintained, has rarely been equaled and nowhere excelled in any capital of our Union. This brief history, now concluded, of the province of Mary- land, beginning with the first Lord Baltimore, and extending to the time when Annapolis was founded, now leads us to con- sider with deeper interest the making, management and development of our home county — Dorchester, from its origin to the present day, and to place in local history the honored names of many useful, influential and heroic people, with the story of their noble deeds in colonial, revolutionary and later times. DIVISION II. Early History of Dorchester County. CHAPTER I. EARLY SETTLEMENTS— FORMATION INTO A COUNTY — APPOINTMENT OF COUNTY OFFICERS BY GOVERNOR CALVERT. Thirty-five years after the Calvert settlement at St. Mary's, the Province of Maryland had suf!iciently developed to justify the organization and outlining of another county then to be named Dorchester. It would interest the present and future generations of Dorchester County to know the names of those who made the first little settlements, when and where located east of the Chesapeake, in that part of the Eastern Shore south of the Choptank, and northwest of the Nanticoke. Certainly not long after, if not prior to the settlement of Patuxent, in 1645, it was that some adventurers decided to make new homes on the densely wooded isles and adjacent mainlands just across the Bay. In 1659, ten years before Dorchester County was officially established, while Governor Kendall was intriguing with the Provincial Assembly, to deprive the Lord Proprietary of his jurisdiction in the colony, Anthony LeCompte was having his land lying on Home Bay, in Choptank River, surveyed. His homestead there contained 800 acres, which he named "Antonine." William Chaplin had surveyed 300 acres, and named "Chaplin's Home," on Tar Bay; Richard Bently. "Ben- tleys," 300 acres, sur. July 7, 1659, on Hungar River; Thomas Stone, "Stonwrick Rathorn," 150 acres; Thos. Stillington, "Stillington," 100 acres, sur. July i ; others, Stephen Gary, Francis Armstrong, John Gary, Peter Sharpe, John Felton, 32 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY William Stevens, Thomas Powell, John Hudson, and many more were granted patents for land, who as owners, came and settled thereon between that time and the date of the county formation. The rent-rolls record more than a hun- dred settlers who had located homes within the limits of the territory which was later named Dorchester. By this time five hundred inhabitants were Hving in the proposed new ciounty; these first settlers located along the shores of the Bay and its tributaries for the open view and convenience the water afforded tot communicate with their neighbors; and for fish and oysters, such desirable food-products; and pos- sibly for greater protection from wild animals then numerous in the forests, as well as from the suspicious Abacos, and treacherous Nanticokes that lived higher up the rivers. lb small colonies of a few families, they cleared the land of its dense timber growth to make for themselves little farms and modeist homes. Governor Calvert had, in 1667, sent an armed force of militia under Col. Vincent Lowe, against the Nanticoke Indians, to demand redress and the surrender of so^me Indians who had murdered Captain Obder and his servants. Terms were agreed upon without war, and a treaty concluded be- tween the Lord Proprietary and Vinnacokasimmon, Emperor of the Nanticokes, on May i, 1668. Of this treaty a para- graph of its peculiar language is here given : 'Tt is agreed upon, that, from this day forward there be an inviolable peace and amity between the Right Honorable, the Lord Proprie- tary of this province and the Emperor of Nanticoke upoin the Articles hereafter in this treaty to be agreed upon, to the world's end to endure, and that all former acts of hostilities an3 damages whatsoever by either party sustained be buried in perpetual oblivion." This treaty relieved the new settlers of much anxiety and danger, and allowed them tO' advance their lines of possessioii into the interior without great oppo- sition from the native owners of this primitive wilderness, with its loved haunts and happy hunting-grounds. DUTIES OF COMMISSIONERS 33 In the following year, 1669, Gov. Charles Calvert, with consent of the Council, issued writs on the sixteenth day of February, ordering elections tO' be held in the several coun- ties, for the freemen to elect delegates to an assembly, to meet on the thirteenth day of April, at the city of St. Mary's. One of the writs issued was directed to Raymond Staplefort, Sheriff of Dorchester County, "returnable into our chancery on or before April 6." This is the first evidence found in pro- vincial records of the formation or erection of Dorchester County. There is no Proprietary proclamation or Assembly ^ Act of record tO' show what date the county was officially designated. At the election held in Dorchester at this time, Richard Preston w^as elected a Delegate to the Assembly. At no previous Assembly had the county been represented. During the session of that Assembly, on the sixth day of May, the first Justices or Commissioners for the county were ^ appointed. This interesting record here deserves quotation : "Cecilius Calvert, Lord Proprietary of the Province of Maryland, and Avalon, Lord Baron of Baltimore, etc. "To Raymond Stapleford, John Pollard, William Stevens, of Little Choptank; Stephen Gary, William Stevens, Henry Trippe, Anthony LeCompte, and Henry Hooper, Gents Greeting. Know ye that we for the great trust and confi- dence that we have in your fidelities, circumspections, pru- dences and wisdoms have coiistituted, ordained and appointed and do by these presents, constitute, ordain and appoint you the said Raymond Stapleford, John Pollard, William Stevens, Stephen Gary, Wm. Stevens, Henry Trippe, Anthony Le- Compte and Henry Hooper, Gent. Commissioners, jointly and severally to- keep the peace in Dorchester County, and to keep and cause toi be kept all laws and ordinances made for the good and conservation of the peace and for the quiet rule and government of the people in all and every the articles of the same, and tOi chastise and punish all persons offending against the form of the laws and orders of our said Province of Maryland, any of them in Dorchester County aforesaid, as according to the form of those laws 34 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY and orders shall be fit to be done. We have also constituted and ordained you and eveiy four or more or you, of which you the said Raymond Stapleford, John Pollard or William Stevens, of Little Choptank (unless some one of our Council be present who' are also' to be our Commissioners), toi en- quire by the oath of good and lawful men of your county aforesaid, of all manners felonies, witchcraft, inchantments, soceries, magic arts, trespasses, forestallings, engrossings and extortions whatsoever, and all misdeeds and offences of which Justices of the Peace in England ought lawfully to enquire, by whomsoever or whensoever perpetrated, or which hereafter shall happen toi be done or perpetrated in the county aforesaid, against the laws and ordinances of our said Province of Maryland : — Provided you proceed not in any the cases aforesaid to take life or member, but that in every such case you send the prisoners with their indictments and the whole matter depending before you to the next Provin- cial Court to be holden for our said Province of Maryland, whensoever or wheresoever to be holden, there to be tried; and further, we do hereby authorize you tO' issue writs, proi- cesses, arrests and attachments, to Plea of Oyer and ter- miner, and after judgement, execution to award in all cases civil, whether real or personal, in action that doth not exceed three thousand pounds of tobacco, to the laws, orders and reasonable customs made and used in * * * Province of Maryland, in which causes civil * * * tO' be tryed * * * we do constitute, ordain and appoint you, Ray- mond Stapleford, John Pollard and William Stevens, of Little Choptank, to be the Judges as aforesaid, unless some one of our Council be then in Court; and there- fore we do' commend yoiu that you diligently intend the keep- ing of the peace laws and orders, and all and singular, other the premises, and at certain days appointed according to Act of Assembly in that case provided, and at such places which you or any four or more of you as aforesaid shall in that behalf appoint, ye make enquiries upon the premises and perform and fulfill the same in form aforesaid, doing therem BOUiSTDARY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY 35 that which toi justice appertaineth according to the laws orders and reasonable customs of our said Province of Mary- land, saving to us the amercments and other things to^ us belonging : And therefore we command the Sheriff of Dor- chester by virtue of these presents that at the days and places aforesaid which you or any such four or more of you as afore- said shall make known to him to give his attendance on you, and if need require tO' cause to come before you or any such four or more of you as aforesaid, such and so many lawful men of your county by whom the truth in the premises may be the better known and required of. And further, we will that the said coiunty extend to the great Choptank River, including the south side thereof to be accounted and taken tO' be within the said county of Dorchester. (2.) And lastly we have appointed Edward Savage, Clerk and Keeper of the Records and proceedings in your said County Court, and therefore you shall cause to be brought before you at the said days and places the writts, precepts, processes and indict- ments to your Court and jurisdiction belonging, that the same may be inspected and by a due course determined. "Given at St. Mary's under our Great seal of our said Province of Maryland, this sixth day of May, in the seven and thirteenth year of our Dominion over our said Province, Anno Domini one thousand six hundred and sixty-nine. "Witness. Charles Calvert, Esqr. our Lieutenant-Gen- eral. Chief Governor and Chief Justice of our said Province of Maryland." For one hundred and four years after Dorchester County was laid out, in 1669, its bounds on the north and west extended up and along the Choptank River to the territory of New Sweden, later called Delaware, binding therewith on the east toi an intersection with the Nanticoke River and embraced all that part of Caroline County, which was laid out in 1773, lying east of the Choptank River. By the definite bounds of Maryland described in the Proprie- tary's Charter, the northern limit was the fortieth degree of North Latitude, and the eastern line was to run with the 36 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY Atlantic Ocean, and the Delaware Bay, and River, back to the fortieth degree. The limits of Somerset and Dorchester Coimties extended eastwardly to Delaware Bay, and included that part of Delaware, now called Sussex County, Lord Baltimore authorized William Stevens of Somerset County to lay out and grant land in that part of Dorchester County, lying next to Delaware Bay. However, after the Duke of York acquired this Dutch Colony, on the Delaware Bay, the protests of Lord Baltimore for his rights were not as strong as the appeals of Penn to King James, for the pos- session of the new territory of Delaware which the King granted to Penn in 1685. To-day, Dorchester County does not contain one-half of its original area as legally acquired by Lord Baltimore. CHAPTER 11. REFERENCES TO THE ASSEMBLY OF 1669 AND 167I— OTHER COUNTY AFFAIRS. At the Provinciial Assembly, which met April 13, 1669. Richard Preston came as a Delegate, having been elected tO' represent Dorchester Coimty, as also did Daniel Jenifer, who had been chosen a Burgess. They both lived at Patux- ent, but were large land-holders in Dorchester. At this session a number of laws were passed. In the Act for Court days the first Tuesday in September, November, January, March and June, were designated for Dorchester. Coinmissioners who laiHed to attend Court on the days named were fined one hundred pounds of tobacco, which was applied to a fund to be used for the erection of whipping-posts, stocks and pillories. Once those bar- barous implements of punishment stood near the Cambridge Court House, where criminal, even white women, had their bare backs lashed until the blood ran down, drawn by the rawhide's cruel blows. Men had their ears cropped, and hot iron-brands were applied that burned their fiesh to publicly mark them as criminals, for larceny and other petty crimes; and tongue-boring was done for graver offences. Other Assembly Acts were to^ levy resources for war, make highways and roads ; to encourage the building of water-mills, and to revive various laws previously passed that first applied to Dorchester. During this session an Indian, named Ana- tchcoin, alias Wanamon, a Wiccomis, who had killed Captain Obder, and his servants, was brought from Dorchester biy order of King Abaco, to St. Mary's, on May 6. The guards who brought him were George Hogg, Humphrey Jennings, John Stevens and Thomas Flowers, who were paid as follows: Hogg, three hundred pounds of tobacco; the others, two hundred pounds each. The Council ordered with little delay that the Indian be shot toi death before three o'clock, the next day, Friday afternoon. 38 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY An Act for Naturalization of Foreig"ners was also^ passed, and William Tick, a Dutchman in Dorchester, was natural- ized, April 19. He was a native of Amsterdam, Holland, but having- settled on the Little Choptank River, and as a partner with Richard Preston, who was a large land owner in that section, jointly raised live-stock there. Some route of his on or about his premises, which he frequently used, perhaps a cattle-path, his English neighbors named "Tick's Path." From that name and the traveler of that path, a traditional legend has been handed down from generation to generation for more than two hundred years, that William Tick hung himself there; and the apparition of a "headless ghost" on Tick's Path has often been seen in the dark shadows of the dense forest along that weird pathway. Just where the first Court of Justices met in 1669, or 1670, there is no record, but private family-papers show that Court Sessions were held at a town site called "Islington," om "Nicholas Mayney's Point," on Little Choptank, where ^n old brick building more than two hundred years old now stands, at the side of Brooks' Creek. In 1 67 1 William Stevens, of Little Choptank, was ap- pointed Coroner, and William Wroughton, Thomas Pat- tison and Thomas Skinner, additional Commissioners, and Daniel Clarke and Henry Trippe were elected Delegates to the "Assembly;" an Act was passed for establishing standard weights and measures, which were to be purchased in Eng- land and aftenvards set up for Dorchester, at Daniel Clarke's house; Clarke was appointed Keeper. An Act to Establish Ferries over Choptank into Dorchester County, and over Nanticoke into Somerset County, was also passed. A tax levy was made; in Dorchester there were 263 tithables, who were taxed 33 pounds of tobaccoi per poll or head. Tobacco was then worth two pence per pound; the price is here given tO' show what taxpayers then had to pay in money value — about one dollar and thirty-twO' cents each. "Ordinary" Keepers charged ten pounds of tobacco for a meal, and six- teen pounds for a night's lodging. CHAPTER III. RECORD OF LOCATION OF FIRST COURT HOUSE— THE BUILDING OF COURT HOUSES AT CAMBRIDGE — NO OFFICIAL RECORDS OF COURT PROCEEDINGS PRIOR TO 1689 NOW TO BE FOUND— ASSEMBLY PROCEEDINGS THAT AFFECTED DORCHESTER — AN ACT FOR KEEPING HOLY THE LORD's DAY- LEVY FOR PAYING THE PUBLIC CHARGE — LIST OF MILITIA-MEN SENT AGAINST THE NANTICOKE INDIANS IN 1669, WITH AMOUNTS PAID IN TOBACCO FOR SERVICES — MISCELLANIES. While the first Courts of Dorchester were temporarily held in private houses for the first twO' years of the county's existence, an appropriate building was soon established. From ''John's Point," on Brooks' Creek, a tract of land acquired by John Hudson, November 24, 1665 — the Court was removed to "Harwood's Choice," a plantation lying on the most easterly branch of Fishing Creek, a tributary of Lit- tle Choptank River. It contained 150 acres, and was pur- chased by William Worgin, tenant, of Fishing Creek, from Robt. Harwood, of Talbot County, on the sixth day of Octot- ber, 1670. This Court record is subscribed by Edward Savage, Clerk of Court. Witness, Stephen Gary. At a session of the Court, held December 11, 1673, by Daniel Clark, "^ Robert Winsmore, > of the Quorum, William Stevens, J and Henry Trippe, { r^^^-^^^^ Thomas Skinner, j William Worgin gave twenty-five acres of "Harwood's Choice," "and a new house lately built and finished by George Seward foir the keeping of the Court there." He also gave timber for buildings and fircAVOod for use of the Court; and gave bond to the amount of 12,000 pounds of 40 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY tobaccoi, to warrant and defend the gift. The terms of the gift were that, "Whenever the Court removed from there, the said land and property to be returned to the owners." This apparently generous gift from Worgin evidently was an inducement to have the County Court permanently estab- lished near his premises. Court was held there until estab- lished at Cambridge in 1687. Mr. James S. Shepherd, present Deputy Clerk of the Court, published an account of the building of the several Court Houses at Cambridge, from which he kindly permitted copy extracts to be made, and are herein given. The second Court House in Dorchester, being the first one built in Cambridge, was constructed by Capt. Anthony Dawson, in 1687. He contracted with Major Thomas Tay- lor, steward of Dorchester County, in consideration of 26,000 pounds of tobacco (worth about $1300), to build a house of the following dimensions : 40 feet in length and 24 feet in breadth; two floors; four large windows below and one small closet window, with two large casements to each window, etc. Chambers to be sealed; one large pair of stairs with rails and balusters; a large porch at ye end of the house, etc. This Court House was taken down and sold in 1770, when the second one was built, authorized by Act of Assem- bly, passed in the year 1770 (see Chap. XHI). Robert Eden, Esq., was then Governor. The Act directed 200,000 pounds of tobacco to be assessed, to be paid Charles Dickenson, William Ennalls, Robert Harrison and John Goldsborough, Jr., who were to meet in Cambridge by March 15 and con- tract with workmen to build the new house. It was built of brick, upon the site where the present Court House now stands, but a few feet nearer the street. It was destroyed by fire, supposed to have been of incendiary origin, in 185 1. The records in the Clerk's Office were saved; all in the Register's Office were burned. The present or third Court House was completed and occupied in 1853, and cost $18,- 162.31. It is a substantial and commodious building, and COMMISSIONERS FOR DORCHESTER COUNTY 4I serves well to-day the same purposes for which it was built fifty years ago. Of the sessions of the Courts held by the County Justices from 1673 to 1687, at the house donated by William Worgin, and from 1687 until August 5, 1690, at Cambridge, there are no records to be found in the Clerk's Office. Remarkably strange and deeply to be regretted is the failure of Edward Savage, the first Clerk of the Court in Dorchester, and his successors to transmit the records of the Court in order, down to Thomas Pattison, who was appointed Clerk by the first "Assembly of Revolutionary Associators" which met August 23, 1689, after having dis- placed the Proprietary from control in the province, and proclaimed "William and Mary Sovereigns of England, the Province of Maryland and all the English dominions." For seventeen years there are no records to show the proceed- ings of the Courts of Justice in Dorchester County, although they were probably convened four times a year according to the law under Proprietary rule. We must content ourselves to know onl|y the names of county officers of those who represented the county in the Provincial Assemblies and the laws passed that affected the colonists in that division of the State. At an Assembly session in 1674, begun May 19, the delegates from Dorchester County were Daniel Clarke and Henry Trippe. An Act was passed to build a Court House and jail in each of the several counties. June 14 Com- missioners for Dorchester were appointed, viz : Daniel Clarke (who was then a Delegate), Robert Winsmore, Wil- liam Stevens and John Hudson, Gents, of the Quorum; and Henry Trippe, Stephen Gary, Barth olomew Ennalls , Henry Hooper, William Ford, Thomas Skinner and Charles Hutch- ins, Gents. Justices. A second session of the Assembly was held in the same year, but nothing special was done for Dor- chester. At the next session, begun February 9, 1675, Henry Trippe and William Forde, were the Dorchester Delegates. A public levy was made at the rate of 165 pounds of tobaaco 42 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY per poJl or head. In Dorchester, 355 persons (males) were taxed. The next session held began May 15, 1676. "Ordi- nary" Keepers were appointed at the several County Courts, including Dorchester, and were taxed 1200 pounds of to- bacco' annually, and license cost 25 shillings sterling. August 6, 1676, commissions were issued to Henry Trippe and Anthony Dawson, to be Captains of foot companies in Dor- chester, under Col. Vincent Lowe. August 9 new Com- missioners of the Peace were appointed, namely, Robert Winsmore, William Stevens, Raymond Stapleford, Henry Trippe, and John Brooks, Gentlemen of the Quorum; and Stephen Gary Barth, Ennalls, Ch. Hutchins, Henry Brad- ley, Jno. Pollard and John Offey, Gentlemen Justices. At this session. The Right Honorable Charles, Absolute Lord and Proprietary: of the Province of Maryland, first presided over the Council. On May 30, 1677, the following was put on record in the House. "Upon complaint made to this House by Andrew Insloe, of Dorchester County, touch- ing an execution intended to be served on him by Richard Meekins, of the said county, it is thought fit by this House that the said execution be hereby suspended and superseded if already issued, and Thomas Taylor, high Sheriff of said cotmty is required to take notice hereof accordingly." Then as now the Legislature exercised the power to pass Acts of financial relief. The next Assembly met October 20, 1678, and passed some important laws of interest to every citizen then in Dor- chester, notably, an "An Act for Keeping Holy the Lord's Day," which is here partly copied : "Forasmuch as the sanctifying or keeping holy of the Lord's day, commonly called Sunday, is and hath been esteemed by the present and all primitive Christian Churches and people, a principle and chief part of the said worship, which day in most places in this province hath been and still is profaned and neglected by a wicked and disorderly sort of people, by working, drunkenness, swearing, gaming, unlawful pastimes and other debaucheries to* the high dis- MILITIA-MEN AND REMUNERATION , 43 honor of Almigthy God, the scandal of Christian religion, and the apparent detriment and rnin of many of the inhabit- ants of the province, — for remedy whereof for the future, — Be it enacted. * * * That from and after twenty days next after the end of this session of Assembly, no person or persons within this province shall work, or do' any bodily labor or occupation upon any Lord's day, commonly called Sunday, nor shall command or willfully suffer or permit of his or their children, hired servants, servants or slaves toi work or labor as aforesaid (the absolute works of necessity and mercy always excepted)." Fishing, drunkenness, swearing, gaming at cards, dice, billiards, shuffle-boards, nine-pins, horse-racing, fowling and hunting, or any other unlawful sports or recreations were forbidden, and the penalty was to pay or forfeit one hundred pounds of tobacco^; and in default, be committed or bonded for the next Court. The penalty for selling strong liquor on the Sabbath day, was two thousand pounds of tobacco. The Sabbath Day Act of 1674, was now repealed. Jacob Lockerman, who was born in New York, under the jurisdiction of the States of Holland, was at this session naturalized. Later he was Clerk of Dorchester County Court. At the same sessioin, on October 28, an Act was passed to make an assessment for the payment of the "public charge" of the province. In Dorchester, the following named per- sons who were then living there wliO' had served in the cam- paign, or aided the troops sent against the Nanticoke Indians, were paid as follows for their services :^ To Capt. Thomas Taylor, 1900 pounds of tobacc3; Lieut. John Ross, t6oo lbs.; Cornetist, Maurice Mathews, 1500 lbs.; John Brooks, 1750 lbs.; Wm. Haselwood, 800 lbs.; Wm. Wil- oughby, 700 lbs.; Wm. Betts, 700 lbs.; John Alford, Robert Thornhill, John Thomas, John Nicholas, Wm. Robsom, James Mosley, Rich. Callenhaugh, Rich. Tubman, Rowland, ^See Maryland Archives. 44 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY ]\Iorgan, Philip Aherne, John Pope, John Savage, Thomas Bowman, John Fish, Jonathan Waite, John WalHce, James Egg, John Richardson, Lewis Griffith, James Dalton, Henry Johnson, James Fielding, Robert Evans, Charles Hutchyson, John Hudson, John Curtice, and to John Causey, and every and each of them, 600 lbs.; Capt. Henry Trippe, 1000 lbs.; Lieut. Edward Taylor, 700 lbs.; Ensign Edward Pander, 600 lbs.; Francis Tarcell, 400 lbs.; Richard Owen, 400 lbs.; Wm. Law, 400 lbs.; Thos. Veitch, 400 lbs.; John Plummer, 300 lbs.; Laurence Woonett, 400 lbs.; Wm. Watson, Matthew Hood, John Denaire, Mark Mitchell, Samuel Finch, John SnoO'ke, James Nowell, Philip Gunter, Thomas Tay- lor, David Fortune, Edward Cheeke, John Lawrence, Wm. Marchent, Stephen Pardue, Jos. Casten. Thomas Collens, Charles Morgan, Richard Tucker, Andrew Pruett, Alex- ander Dowell, William Spuriway, George Sprouce, Corne- lius Lurden, Patrick Harwood, Wm. Walker, Alexander Fisher, Henry Plummer, William Cheesman, Thomas Cloughtane, John Foord, and to John Yate, anil to every and each of them, 300 lbs.; Capt. Anthony Dawson, 1300 lbs.; Lieut. John Mackeele, 700 lbs.; Ensign, John Dawsey, 600 lbs.; Edward Hyde, 400 lbs.; Wm. Plovey, 400 lbs.; Cor- poral Lewis, 400 lbs.; James Haile, 400- lbs.; Thomas Sym- monds, 400 lbs.; Edward Newton, John Newton, John Waterly, Thomas Phillips, Wm. Evans, George Hargissone, Rowland Vaughn, Philip Sutton, Henry Harvey, James Duell, John Pollington, Wm. Beard, John Lunn, James Perle, Henry Newbell, William Taptico, Wm. Berry, John Clark, Robert Robertsone, Stephen Bently, William Mes- shier, Thomas Long, William Hares, Richard Thomasine, Francis Floyd, Darley Cohoone, Wm. Mills, Joseph Reeves, John Stamward, Rich. Dudson, and John People, and to each and every one of them, 300 lbs. To Bai-tholpmew Ennalls, 6832 lbs.; Henry Bradley, 1832 lbs.; Daniel Jones, 150 lbs.; John Kirke, 895 lbs.; James Peterkin, 50 lbs.; John Pierson, 50 lbs.; Oliver Gray, 464 lbs.; Wm. Robsone, 50 lbs.; Richard Holland, 400 lbs.; John Hudsome, 1230 lbs.; EVENTS IN COLONIAL DAYS 45 Henry Beckwith, 50 lbs.; Stephen Gary, 85 lbs.; Wm. Stephens, 731 lbs.; Wm. Dorrington, 579 lbs.; Daniel Jones, 407 lbs.; John Richardson, 25 lbs.; John Steward, 370 lbs.; John Davis, 70 lbs.; William Daysone, 70 lbs.; Wm. Wil- loughby, 300 lbs.; Thomas Flowers, 200 lbs.; Henry Turner, 200 lbs.; Raymond Staplefort, 300 lbs.; Frances Tarcell, 200 lbs. These claims were paid out of the colonial revenue at the Government warehouses, chiefly by exchange of tobacco, for imported merchandise in demand and needed by the people in every colonial household. Space in this work is too limited to give in detail every local event of record in colonial days, about the| people and their doings in Dorchester. Then, as now, conflicting inter- ests in landhoilding, business affairs and politics arose and were faced by contending opponents. In 1679 Raymond Staplefort, one of the Commissioners of Dorchester, was dis- missed by Governor Calvert, on complaint made by some of the county citizens. He had been one ol the Justices since 1669, when he was transferred from the office of Sheriff. At a Colonial Council in 1681, a petition was presented by James Peterkin, against Stephen Gary, Sheriff of Dor- chester County, ithat Gary and others had combined to defraud and deceive him of his just rights and property; that they illegally proceeded in the execution of a warrant for summoning a jury to lay out the bounds of Capt. Anthony Dawson's land in Transquaking River, by empanneling Jurors excepted by Peterkin, and that damage and almost ruined him. An investigation was ordered to be heard before the next Council. CHAPTER IV. THE PROTESTANT REVOLUTION IN 1689— COUNTY OFFICIALS CHOSEN — KING William's approval of the protestant associators' revo- lution — continues the provincial officers ad interim — LIONEL COPLEY BECOMES GOVERNOR— PROTESTANT CHURCH ESTABLISHED BY LAW — DEATH OF COPLEY — GOVERNOR ANDROS ASSUMED CONTROL — COL. CHARLES HUTCHINS, A MEMBER OF THE GOVERNOR'S COUNCIL, 1694 — LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR NICHOLSON INSTALLED GOVERNOR — DORCHES- TER SUBSCRIBED TO THE PUBLIC SCHOOL FUND — REVISION OF THE PROTESTANT CHURCH LAW, AND COMMENTS ON ASSEMBLY DELEGATES FROM DORCHESTER AND OTHER COUNTIES — STRICT RULES GOVERNING THE PEOPLE AND EFFECTS. 1689. After William and Mary ascended the throne of England, and the unfortunate delay of the Proprietary of Maryland to procjaim them sovereigns, owing to a long; voy- age of the vessel w^hich had on board the messengers who were bringing the proclamation to Maryland, a crisis in pub- lic sentiment, already in sympathy with the new King and Queen, arose in the colony, and in April, 1689, there was formed by revolutionary measure., "an aisoiciation in arms for the defence of the Protestant religion, and for asserting the rights of King William and Queen Mary to the Province of Maryland, and all the English Dominions," which was led by John Coode, a wicked and desperate man. This revolution deprived the Proprietary of the right of governing Maryland with officially appointed officers in the province; but we find that most of the office-holders who had well and faithfully served him, readily accepted appointments to office and elective places under royal decree, and even under the assumed Assembly of the King's Protestant sub- jects, that met August 23, 1689. We discover, in Dorchester County, that for regulating the afifairs of the militia, Henry Trippe, who had served the Proprietary in many offices, was appointed "Major of the Horse" in the place of Thomas Tay- LIONEL COPLEY APPOINTED GOVERNOR 47 lor; Thomas Ennalls, Captain of a foot company in the place of Captain Trippe; John Murket, Captain of a foot company in the place of Anthony Dawson. Thomas Pattison, late Clerk of the Court under the Proprietai-y was reappointed Clerk. The Justices were Henry Trippe, Charles Hutchins, Henry Hooper, John Woodward and John Brooks — a very little change from the Proprietary appointees. It is surprising that honorable men like the above-named would accept or hold office under the dictation of the notorious and lawless John Coode, whose word to the associated Assembly was law, and whose demands were conceded without question whether right or wrong. Coode was so publicly detested that several counties refused to send representatives to the Assembly in 1689, notably Anne Arundel and Kent Coun- ties. In 1690 King William made a formal approval of the rev- olutionary acts of the Protestant Association in Maryland, and authorized the leaders to continue as officers ad interim. April 9, 1692, Lionel Copley arrived in Maryland with a royal commission, and was at once recognized as Governor. The Assembly met May 14, 1692, an ultra body that passed a sacrilegious Act, entitled "For the service of Almighty God, and the establishment of the Protestant religion." It was a law that protected Protestants only, and made it criminal for Catholics to hold divine service according tO' their church forms, and gave no lawful protection to- other religious denominations. Whatever laws or customs that prevailed at large to affect the colonists, were proportionately felt by the people of Dor- chester. Previous to this Protestant crusade, little had been done to establish religious services or for the education of children. Vice and immorality flourished. Ignorance and rude manners influenced home life in many sections of the county and province as well. The Church Act of 1692 with other reformatory la.ws, good in one sense, and bad in an- other, very slowly improved the habits of the lower classes of society. 48 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY At some time previous, Hugh Eccleston had been ap- pointed Clerk of the Dorchester County Court, but had been lately removed by Governor Copley, "and now presented a petition to be reinstated, alleging for reason that he had well and submissively behaved himself to their Majesties' Gov- ernment, and was never known or suspected to be any ways tainted or ill-efTecited to the same, and for what reasons turned out he knew not." Charles Hutchins, Edward Pinder, Thomas Ennalls, Henry Hooper, Thomas Hicks and WilHam Mishew, Magistrates, had endorsed his petition. On May 18 the Governor sent for Dr. John Brooks to give his opinion of Mr. Eccleston, late Clerk of the Dor- chester County Court, who had petitioned for reinstatement. He said "that he well knew Eccleston to be every way fully qualified for the place, and will give great satisfaction to the County as formerly he hath done. * * *" The Commissioners of the County "upon examination thereof could not find anything substantial or material against the said Eccleston, whereupon and for that, it is also informed that the present Clerk, Mr. Benjamin Hunt keeps an "Ordin- ary." His Excellency restored Eccleston to the clerkship. Delegates at this session from Dorset, were Henry Trippe, Dr. John Brooks, Thomas Ennalls and Edward Pinder. At thel adjourn,ment of this Assembly, June 9, 1692, it was prorogued by Governor Copley until October 13, 1693, but a few days before the death of Governor Copley, he called an extra session to meet September 20, 1693. After the Governor's death. Governor Andros, then Gov- ernor of Virginia, at once seized the government of Maryland, by virtue of a royal commission, having been appointed Com- mander-in-Chief of Maryland, in March, 1692, while Capt. Francis Nicholson had been appointed or commissioned Lieutenant-Governor in February. Andros claimed that his commission empowered him to do so, in the event of Cop- ley's death, and the absence of Nicholson, but when exam- ined, it only authorized him, to assume ooiitrol in the event ACTS OF ASSEMBLY 49 of Nicholson's death and Copley's absence. At this Septem- ber session Dorchester was only represented for one day, and by Henry Trippe, who was then granted leave to go< to Eng- lalnd. Dr., John Brooks and Edward PSnder, other late members had recently died, and Thonias Ennalls failed to appear. There was little to note of Dorchester affairs at this Assembly, except the issuing of writs for an election of repre- sentatives, and the selection of Col. Charles Htitchins, by Governor Andros, for a member of his council under his ques- tionable rule. The County and Court Justices in 1693 and 1694 under his control were Richard Owen, Walter Camp- bell, Thomas Ennalls; and Wm. Mishew and John Mackeele. Special and interesting County Court procieedings at this period are given in Chapter V. Governor Andros returned to Virginia in 1693, leaving Nicholas Greenbury President of the Council and Acting Governor. Still in control in May, 1694, he appointed Sir Thomas Lawrence President of the Council and Acting Gov- ernor. In the following summer Lieutenant-Governor Nicholson arrived in the province, exhibited his commission and was installed Governor. His administration did not radically change the County Officers in Dorchester, particu- larly the Court officdals, nor in the election of Burgesses to the Assembly. x\t the next Assembly session, held in May, 1695, one leg- islative bill allowed Jacob Lockerman, Sheriff of Dorchester County, 1440 pounds of tobacco for carrying the Burgesses over to the Assembly in February, 1794, and the same amount for similar work in May, 1695. ^t this session, Henry Hooper, Thomas Ennalls and Thomas Hicks, Burgesses from Dorchester, were paid for official services 140 pounds of tobacco' per day for the session and for traveling expenses for four days, 80 pounds per day. At the next Assembly session, on October 17, an order was passed that the Courthouse at Cambridge be used for holding Episcopal Church services, as it stood convenient for church purposes in the parish. 4 50 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY The educational interests entertained by Governor Nichol- son, late Lieiitenant-Go'vernor of Virginia, that influenced largely the building of William and Mary College in 1693, had not abated when he came to govern Maryland. His pro- position to the Assembly led to the passage of the Petitionary- Act in 1696 for establishing a Free School or Schools in Maryland. By legislative appropriations and Governor Nicholson's magnificent gift and private subscriptions, King William's School in Annapolis was erected. The contribu- tors for this school building from Dorchester were: Colonel Hutchins, who gave 1000 pounds of tobacco'. Henry Hooper, who gave 800 pounds of tobacco. John Pollard, who gave 800 pounds oi tobacco. Thomas Hicks, who gave 800 pounds of tobacco. Thomas Ennalls, who gave 1200 pounds of tobacco. A Board of Visitors or School Trustees was appointed from each county; those from Dorchester were Rev. Thomas Howell, rector of Great Choptank parish; Col. Roger Wool- ford; Major Henry Ennalls; Capt. John Rider; Capt. Henry Hooper; Capt. John Hodson and Govert Lockerman. Under royal control some stringent laws were passed that were helpful to some persons and burdensome to others. Every Dorchester oitizen felt their effects. Especially so was the Act passed in 1696 that repealed all prior Acts con- cerning religion and church worship, and enacted another that bore the same title as the Act of 1692, viz: "An Act for the service of Almighty God and the establishment of the Protestant Religion in this Province." This Act required the annual payment of the tobacco tax of forty pounds per poll, or head, by every person over sixteen years of age, for the support of the church and its ministry. Only ministers and poor persons whO' received alms from the county were exempted from payment of this tax. The Anglican Church Act of 1692 and its supplements had become so unpopular, that it was very doubtful if the Council of Maryland and the Burgesses of the General As- sembly of the Province, would pass the forty pound poll tax; ANGLICAN CHURCH ACT OF 1692 5I and William Smithson, an ardent supporter and friend of the Protestant Government, respectively analyzed the Assembly vote on the Church Act, prior to its passage, for Dr. Bray. The characters used by him tO' denote his opinion of each delegate were these : "X" for those thought to be for the law; "B" for those thought against it, and "D" for those doubtful. The Dorchester Delegates were reported as fol- lows: "X" Dr. Jacob Loctkerman, "D" Mr. Thomas Hicks, "X" Mr. Thomas Ennalls, "B" Mr. Walter Campbell. Comments following the names of these Delegates were "Dr. Jacob Lockerman and Mr. Ennalls are Good Moderate men. Vestrymen and wish well ye church." "Mr. Hicks an humdrtmi fellow knows not what he is for himself." "Mr. Cambel of ye kirk of Scotland." To digress, and give comments on some Delegates from other counties, seems irresistible. From Charles County : "Capt. Philipp Hoskins and Mr. Philipp Briscoe. Luke- warm Neither Hott nor Cold." Somerset County: "Major Wm. Whitington always accounted a Jacobite. Mr. Walter Lane & Mr. Samuel Collins are silly drunken fellows, easily persuaded by Whitington." Anne Arundel County: "Capt. Richard Hill ty'd to the L.' Baltimore & Quaker Interest, has three sonns at Menus Estate not Christened, two absolute Quakers & and the other leaning Himself hold- ing Baptisme not necessary to Salvation." Oaths of allegiance and supremacy were required frequent- ly to be taken, in the transaqtion of much public business, and often in matters of private affairs. 52 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY Brief extracts from some forms of oaths are here given : "I will be faithful and bear true allegiance to his Majesty King William." Another was: "I do swear that I do from my heart abhor, detest and abjure as impious and heretical the damnable doctrine and position that princes excommuni- cated and deprived by the Pope or any authority of the See of Rome, may be deposed by their subjects. * * *" A third was: "I do declare that no' foreign prince, person, prelate or potentate, hath or ought to harve any jurisdiction, power, superiority, primacy or authority, ecclesiastical or spiritual, within the realm of England, or the dominions thereunto belonging." The various strict regulations adopted and rigidly enforced under Protestant rule in the province, including compulsory attendance on Sunday at church service, so interfered with the liberties of the people that the County made but little progress from. 1689 to 171 5; and from the restoration of the Proprietary at this time, to 1753, Maryland history in any part of the colony claims no great events. "Local annals disclose frequent contentions between the Proprietary and the people, he contending for hereditary privileges, and they trying; to establish their liberties as formerly, and tO' acquire new ones." These struggles developed in Dorchester and other counties popular opposition tO' all forms of oppression, and were the germs under cultivation that developed the Revolution of 1776. COURT HOUSE, CAMBRIDGE. CHAPTER V. MISCELLANEOUS EXTRACTS FROM OLD COURT RECORDS AT CAMBRIDGE. The first or earliest Court records tO' be found in the Clerk's office of Dorchester County Court, date back to Au- gust, 1690. From 1669 to this time, four Courts each year were authorized to be held somewhere in Dorchester, and coinclusively shown to have been first held at Islington; second at Dorset, from 1673 to 1687; and at Cambridge, fro^m 1687 to 1690, and there ever since. For the first twenty years of the existence of the county, few records of Court or county affairs are to be found. By the loss of the records a period of most interesting and valuable county history has become extinct, and perished with the colonial generation that made it. With the succession of County Court Clerks during that time, viz : Edward Savage, Thomas Pattison, Hugh Eccleston, Thomas Smithson, William Smithson, Sam- uel Smith and Thomas Pattison, again 1688 — and con- sidering the strict instructions given the County Justices and Clerks when appointed, that outlined their duties tO' the people and oath of obligation to the Proprietary, it is a strange mystery that their recorded ofificial proceedings should have ever been misplaced. If Thoimas Pattison, who was Clerk under the Proprietary in 1688, succeeded himself in 1689, having been appointed then by the Protestant Assembly, why should not the records kept by him, at least, under the two^ different governments have been preserved? To note some official acts of the Court more than two hundred years ago, and later, in the town of Cambridge, then so differently peopled and influenced by law and order in conformity with the rigorous code of English justice, will contrastingly illustrate the difference in the lightened and 54 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY modern measures of justice for minor offences against the law in this day. The organization of the Court under the reign of WilHam and Mary, at Cambridge, is here given. First Court of Record held. „^ . , r At a Court held for . ^ ^ -< the County of Dorchester, August I, 1690. I ^^,g' j_ ^gg^ Present, Hon. John Brooks, "^ Present, Col. Charles Huchens, > of the Quorum. Present, Hon. Henry Hooper. J Hon. John Hodson, Capt. John Makeele, Hon. Thomas Ennalls, . Mr. Thomas Hicks, / Justices. Mr. William Misshew, Mr. Edward White, "After the Justices and all the Court officers then present had taken the oath of allegiance and supremacy toi their Lordship's Majesties, William and Mary, by the Grace of God, &c., the Court adjourned for one hour." "The Court set again." "Proceedings. Whereas Robert Thornwell was fined last June Court for not answering tot serve on the grand jury being summoned. The Court then said, ordered his said fine be and is remitted, he having now shown good and suffi- cient reasons to the Court for his absence according to the former order of Court ! Thos. Pattison, Cl'k." "Thomas Flowers who had been also fined was relieved." "The Court ordered that John Kirk pay unto John Lahy, his corne and clothes according to Act of Assembly for his time of service completed with him, the said John Kirk; or execution. Thos. Pattison, Cl'k." OLD COURT RECORDS AT CAMBRIDGE 55 "Upon the complaint of John Makeele, Jun. over-seer of thyr highways on Fishing Creek hundred, that WilHam Mills Mr. Pollard's man, David Jones, Mr. Clark's, Edward, Thomas Nooner, Cornelius his negrO', William Hill, planter, John King, servant to^ John Brannock, Walter at Mrs. Wood- ward's, and Richard Thomas could not attend the clearing of the highways, being summoned by the said the over-seer &d. The Court ordered summons be issued to these people to appear at the next Court to be held the first Tuesday in September next, and answer why they did not obey the over- seer, or be fined according to law." "Katherine Baggott was fined five hundred pounds of to- bacco' for having born of her body a bastard child. Thomas Wells appeared at Court and tO' pay the fine for her. The mother of this child was a servant of Mr. John Brooks, and the Court ordered the child to serve Mr. John Brooks until 21 years of age for the raising and keeping of it." "Mary Bradston was ordered to be whipped by the Sheriff, with 15 lashes well laid on the bare back for having born of her body a bastard child." "Court adjourned until 8 o'clock next morning." August 6. Provincial Court proceedings. 1690. "The Court this day ordered that Aaron Tunes shall bring to or send to next County Court, a gun that he for- merly bought of an Indian called Cut Wilson Jack, supposed to be a gun belonging to John Dryson." "The Court this day ordered that Katherine Fielding shall be whipt and receive of the sheriff ten lashes well laid on her bare back for the contempt and abusing the Justices in Court Sitting. "Thos. Pattison, Cl'k." "This day the Court ordered that James Nowells be fined five hundred pounds of tobacco for his wife Margaret Now- ells abusing Mr. Wm. Hill and our Burgesses biding them 'be damned.' "William Hill, Sub Sheriff of the County." 56 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY Trial of Thornas N. ''Asked to drink his Majesty's health, asks what King * * * says 'I will drink his damnation and all his posterity.' " ("Not guilty.") For Slander: "The Court this day ordered that the Sheriff do take in his custody and safe keeping Mathew Cary; and that he be wipt and * * * Qf ^\^Q Sheriff ten lashes well laid on his bare back, and likewise that the said Gary be and is lined five hundred pounds of tobacco, all being for setting false reports against Mr. John Brooks, one of the Justices of this Court, according to Act of Assembly. "Thos. Pattison, Cl'k." 1 69 1. Petition to Court for relief of Contempt, for non- appearance. "To the Worships the Justices of our Worshipful Court. "The humble petition of John Phillips. ( That the Ptr. was for a grand jury, and the Pr Humbly J being remote from home and no€ quartors to- be ( had here convenient to secure horses therefore the Pr did endeavor to go to Wm. Kenerlys for quartors, but being dark and unacquainted with the way, lost my way, and the night far spent before I' could come to any house until at last by the barking of Mr. Campbells dog-gs came there, and turning my horse loose could not find him timely in the morning; now may it please your Worships, the Commission- ers considered that your Pr. did not ever doe any act in con- tempt of ye Worships, humbly prays a remittance of the fines, and yr Pt. as in duty bound shall ever pray. "John Phillips." In 1 69 1 "The Court ordered that a bridewell be kept at the house of Arthur Whitely, at the head of Fishing Creek." OLD COURT RECORDS AT CAMBRIDGE 57 "Arthur Hart, constable of Armitage hundred, in 1691, conveys to tlie kepper of Bridezvell House for Edward Finder, who sends a servant, to be held there until Court." The little brick jail, the first one built in Cambridge, was either full of prisoners or had not been completed at this time. Copies of Old Court Records : State of Md. [ Indictment: Felony: N. Cul & issue, against j who was this term convicted of Felony, was this day brought into Court to receive their judgment, which was that he should pay the fourfold of the value of the Hog mentioned in the indictment, and should return the said Hog, or the value thereof which the Court have valued at one hundred and twenty pounds of Tobacco to and further, that the said be whipped at the public Whipping Post with ten lashes on his bare back, and then should stand in and upon the Public Pillory for the space of ten minutes. And the Sherrifif was ordered that he should do execution therof forwith at his peril." Old Court Record : AN INDIAN'S PETITION TO COURT. Mr. James S. Shepperd, Deputy Court Clerk, while exam- ining some old records in the Courthouse, found this petition : "To the worpl Justices of Dorchester, in court sitting. The herewith petition of Harry Will Tom, one of the Ababcoes Indians, humbly sheweth : "That your petitioner being at the house of Edward Bran- nock, Sen. in Fishing Creek, found several Englishmen drinking of sider and other drink, and amongst the rest gave your petitioner some of the drink that they themselves was a drinking, soe that your petitioner became fuddled; and in that condition John Brannock wo^uld have your petitioner to goe to John Button's to fetch a flitch or two of bacon for 58 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY the said John Brannock, and in order thereunto the said Indian had a small payr of still-yards tO' weigh the said bacon and as the Indian was goeing along the drink overcame him so much that he lay down in the woods to sleepe and by that means lost the said John Brannock's still-yards and cannot find them : whereupom the said John Brannock detains of the Indians one gun, a certain quantity of peake and a match- coat : "Now may it please your worships, the premises considered, your poor petitioner humbly craves an order for his gun, peake and matchcoat, and your petitioner as in duty bound shall pray. "Harry Will Tom." COUNTY JAIL. CAMBRIDGE. Towns and Their Descriptions. CHAPTER VI. LOCATION OF TOWNS — WAREHOUSES — PORTS OF ENTRY— TOBACCO INSPECTORS — APPOINTMENTS. At a session of the Assembly of Maryland, held at the "Ridge," in Anne Arundel County, in October and Novem- ber, 1683, a Town Bill was passed, which was in part as fol- lows: "After the last day of August, 1685, the towns, ports and places hereafter mentioned in the several and respective counties within this province shall be the ports and places where all ships and vessels trading into this province shall unload and put on shore and sell, barter and traffic away all goods, wares and commodities that shall be imported into this province. And likewise, that all Tobacco, goods, wares and merchandise of the growth, production or manufacture of this province intended to be sold here or transported out of this province, shall be for that end and intent brought to the said Ports and places. That is to say, in the County of * * * and in Dorchester County, on Morgan's Land, near the head of Fishing Creek, in Little Choptank, and on Traverse his Land on the West side of the North West branch of Transquaking River, at or near the fork." Commissioners were appointed to purchase land and lay out towns; the Dorchester Commissioners were Major Thomas Taylor, John Brooks, Bartholomew Ennalls, Capt. Henry Trippe, Daniel Clark, Charles Hutchins, Edward Pin- der, John Pollard, John Hudson, Anthony Dawson, Thomas Pattison, James Peterkin, John Salisbury, Thomas Hicks, John Mackeele, John Alford, Henry Hooper, Jacob Lock- erman, John Richardson, Richard Owen, William Dorring- ton, John Stephens, Edward Brannock, and John Wood- ward, who were required to meet before the 28th day of 60 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY March, 1684, and purchase of some landowners one hundred acres of land; have surveyed and laid off town lots, streets, lanes, alleys, and leave places for churches, chapels, market house and for other public buildings; and the balance divide into one hundred lots. The owner who^ sold the land was to have the first choice of one lot, and no person to purchase more than one lot within the first four months; after that time any person could buy as many as he wanted. Each lot owner was to build one house not less than twenty feet square before the last day of August, 1685. Each lot was assessed a yearly rent by the Proprietary of one penny current money. The (^barter regulations for these towns contained strict storage and maritime rules too tedious to mention, as these places never developed into ports of much trade or interest. In April, 1684, an Assembly Act was passed to locate a town on Daniel Jones' plantation, on the south side of Great Choptank River. In 1686 it was named Cambridge. By an additional Act to the Act for Advancement of Trade and to the supplementary tO' the same, passed October 30, 1686, Other towns were located as follows: "In Little Chop- tank River, on Brooks' Creek, at 'Nicholas Marye's Poynt,' called Islington; and one other in Hungar River, on the East side, on Andrew Fusleys' neck, to be called Bristoll." It was at that time found that some places were not suitable for towns, iviz : "In Dorchester County, now commonly called 'Dorc^hester,' on Morgan's land, near the head of Fishing Creek, in Little Choptank," was "by this Act to be annulled and untowned." In September, town officers had been appointed: For Cambridge, Maj. Thos. Taylor; Dorset, Edward Finder; Yarmouth, Dr. John Brooks. Warehouses were built at most of these towns, which were designed for ports of entry. In the warehouses built, im- ported merchandise, or goods to be exported (chiefly to- bacco), was stored. The storage charges on tobacco per hogshead was ten pounds of tobacco each year. Though town sites were located, namely, Dorchester, Islington, Bristoll, Yarmouth, Cambridge, and others, none grew beyond small shipping points, where tobacc^o was ex- TOBACCO INSPECTORS 6 1 ported from grovernment warehouses — except Cambridge, which was laid out in 1687, and to which the County Court was transferred from the town of Dorset in that year. In 1707 a Town Act that abandoned some towns and authorized laying out others was passed/ One hundred acres was laid out for a town on a point called Philips' Point, on the north side of Fishing Creek, in Hungar River. Little Yarmouth, on Transquaking River, was aban- doned. At a session of the Assembly, began November 21, 1763, an Act was passed amending the Tobacco Laws of the State, that designated the location of the houses, salaries of inspec- tors, and method of appointments. The location of the warehouses in Dorchester, number of inspectors for each, and the amount of their salary, are here given : "David Melvill's Warehouse," one inspector; salary, 8800 lbs. Tobacco. "At Hunting Creek," one inspector, 10,400 lbs. Tobacco. "East side of North West Fork of Nanticoke, above Crotcher's Ferry," one inspector, 4000 lbs. Tobacco. At the late Henry Ennalls' Jr., his warehouse, at Choptank Ferry, one inspector, 9600 lbs. Tobacco. "Edward White's Warehouse, on Little Choptank," one inspector, 9600 lbs. Tobacco. "At Plymouth Warehouse, on Fishing Creek," one inspec- tor, 4800 lbs. Tobacco. "At Vienna town, on the land of Joshua Edmondson," one inspector, 4800 lbs. Tobacco. ^At the same session a Town-Port Act was passed that defined dis- tricts for ports of entry, touching Dorchester County, as follows: "That all towns, rivers, creeks in Talbot County, and towns, rivers, creeks and coves in Great Choptank and Little Choptank Rivers in Dorchester County and Kent Island in Queen Anne's County, shall be deemed and taken to be members of the Port of Oxford. All of Somerset and the remaining part of Dorchester County to be members of the Port of Green Hill, in Wicomico River. All commanders of ships or vessels shall enter their ships with the Naval officers and Collectors of the several districts where they design to ride and unload." 62 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY TOBACCO INSPECTORS— HOW APPOINTED. The several and respective vestrymen and church wardens of every parish were required to meet at their respective churches between the first and tenth day of September, every year, to nominate and recommend to the Governor, four or two able and efficient planters, well skilled in tobacco, for each and every inspection within their parish. The certifi- cates of recommendation thus made were forwarded tO' the Governor, who then made the appointments. The first public warehouse at Vienna was built in 1762. About this year it was made a port of entry. CHAPTER VII. CAMBRIDGE. DESCRIPTIVE LOCATION — COMMERCIAL ADVANTAGES AND FACILITIES — ORIGIN AND EARLY HISTORY— SOCIAL PROMINENCE — COLONIAL BUILDINGS— OLD JAIL — DORCHESTER HOUSE. This charming Httle qity — Cambridge — the county seat of Dorchester County, is well situated on the south side of Great Choptank River, about fifteen miles from Chesapeake Bay. The city is divided into East and West Cambridge by Cambridge Creek, formerly called Hughes' Creek, which enters the Choptank, a beautiful river about two miles wide at this point. The mouth of this creek forms a fine harbor for large and small vessels. Steam and sailing- vessels carry a valuable and extensive commerce between Cambridge and Baltimore and other ports. It is the southern terminus of the Cambridge and Seaford Railroad, which connects with the Delaware Divi- sion of the P. R. R. at Seaford, Del, that afifords rapid transit for freight and passengers between Cambridge and Philadelphia, New York and other points. This metropolis of the Eastern Shore of Maryland has a bright future for ad- vancement in trade, manufacturing, and growth in popula- tion. ITS EARLY HISTORY. . The development of Cambridge in colonial days was the result of a slow but excellent work of a notable people of various nationalities, with English predominating. In April, 1684, an Act of Assembly was passed at "The Ridge," in Anne Arundel County, to locate a town on Daniel Jones' Plantation, on the south side of Great Choptank 64 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY River. In 1686 a supplementary Act was passed for build- ing a court house there. Thomas Taylor was appointed town officer, and the town named Cambridge. By dele- gated authority, Thomas Taylor contracted with Anthony Dawson to build the Court House, which he did, and which was occupied by the Court in 1687. Previous to this time it appears that John Kirk had purchased of Daniel Jones the one hundred acres upon which authority had been given to build a town. Kirk soon laid out a number of town lots on each side of High Street, from the river, beyond the Court House site. At this period of the town's history only two streets were mentioned. High and Poplar Streets. With the possibility of being a port of entry, where a ware- house would be built for the storage of imported goods and products for export, chiefly tobacvco, and with the influence of the County Court and court officers, still, town growth was slow for some years, as is shown by the low price of town lots, and the very limited number of houses built. About the time the Court was established, Kirk made sale of a few lots. "He sold to Charles Wright the lot adjoining the Par- ish Church, called the 'Market Place,' supposed to be the 'Sulivane House;' others to Arthur Whiteley, Thomas Nev- ett, Hugh Eccleston, and to John Woolford." In writing a brief history of Cambridge, it is a pleasure to quote from the bi-centennial address of Col. James Wal- lace, delivered July 4, 1884, whose words so- beautifully pic(- ture the town life of its people for a long period in colonial days: "From 1700 to 1776 the town grew very slowly, but its population was very select and society highly polished. Here were located the Judges of the Court, the clerks, the lawyers, the physicians, the teachers — the cultivated people of the land. Hither came those wdio sought asylum and rest; some from sunny France, fleeing from persecution after the revocation, of the edict of Nantes, some from old Eng- EARLY SETTLERS 65 land, some from Virginia, some from Scotland and the green Emerald Isle. Here rest the bones of him who followed the Prince of Orange in his long struggle with Louis XIV. Men trod these streets who followed the fortunes of the great Duke of Marlborough; who heard the thunder of the battle of Blenheim; who heard the shout of John Sobieski and his gallant Poles under the walls of Vienna and Buda; who saw the wonderful career of Peter the Great; who watqhed with breathless interest that fiery comet of the North which swept over Europe from the cold and inhospit- able regions of Sweden, that shattered the kingdom of Po- land and laid the crown of Augustus in the dust. They heard the rumbling of the coming earthquake that shook the world in 1776 and broke the shackles of a thousand years. But they were too far off to be involved in the vortex of those great events. They came here to rest, and they found it; they lived the life of gentlemen of the olden time. They were gallant, chivalric, polite, cultivated and hospitable; they had no mails, no newspapers, no politics, no heated dis- cussions; they devoted themselves to literature and leisure." After the restoration of Lord Baltimore's Proprietary rights in the province, in 171 5, an era of prosperity followed. Farmers raised and sold profitable crops of tobacco, and rapidly acquired wealth from the products of slave labor. Soon that class of farmers retired and settled in Cambridge to enjoy the comforts of prosperity and town society. They were families of attractive moral forces and possessed many characteristic virtues that molded a society, aristocratic and refined. Some of those influential town and county settlers who first came were the LeComptes, Hoopers, Stevenses, Taylors, Hodsons, Garys, Brookses, Dorringtons, Pollards, Stapleforts, and others from Calvert and other counties, and Jacob Lockerman, from New Amsterdam. These were sooner or later reinforced by other prominent families — the Ennallses, Traverses, McKeels, Richardsons, Harrisons, Hutchinses, Steeles, Neavetts, Henrys, Goldboroughs, Suli- 5 66 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY vanes, Stewarts, Martins, Muses, Murrays, Trippes, Baylys, Burnses, Bryans, Pages and Dixons, and still others with tastes and talents that made Cambridge the most picturesque town in Marjdand in the eighteenth century. In this period there came some scholarly men who inaugurated higher literary training. From this splendid combination of per- sonal attainments, inherited from a distinguished and noble ancestry of Europe, or the Isles of Britain, in some of whom flowed the blood of heroes in war, and in others the blood of martyrs, there descended men and women in Cam- bridge, with noted ability and splendid genius, who occupied high positions in public and private life; of them we note foreign ministers, learned lawyers, skilled physicians, emi- nent jurists, distinguished theologians, and honored gover- nors and statesmen, and last, but by far not the least, ladies of rare accomplishments — maids and matrons, typical queens in society and home life — models and molders of character that left their life impressions on brothers and sisters, sons and daughters. COLONIAL BUILDINGS. Only a few of the old buildings that were the homes of Cambridge colonists now remain in the original. To be re- modeled or removed has been their fate, and with them has disappeared the first jail, built in Cambridge of bricks brought from England soon after the County Court was established in 1687. The criminal history of the many prisoners confined in that little jail within a hundred years only the dim old records of the Court can tell. Its cooperative agencies of punishment — the whipping-post and pillory, with their history of in- flicted brutality, have long disappeared from public view and memory under modified forms of criminal law. So far as is now known only one prisoner was ever confined in that OLD COUNTY GAOL, CAMBRIDGE. THE OLD DORCHESTER HOUSE 6/ jail as a persecution for proclaiming a religious doctrine con- trary to the Established Church Laws. Accompanying is an illustration of a colonial dwelling still standing in Cambridge, built in 1728. Its history as a pri- vate residence and public house is here described by its present owner, David Straughn, Esq. : HISTORY OF THE OLD DORCHESTER HOUSE IN CAMBRIDGE AND ITS DEMOCRATIC CAMPUS. {By David Straughn, Esq.) The historical, political, and social character of this house is replete with incident and instruction. It was built before the colonial struggle for the Independence of our country, even before Washington was born, or the architects of the Federal Union and the framers of the Constitution had an existence. It was built in the year of 1728 when the Chop- tank Indians roamed the forest and defied the advance of divilization with the tomahawk and the scalping knife. Doubtless the rude settlers of that period had often sat beneath its elm tree shade and discussed the mighty problem of man to rule and govern himself. " This house is located by actual survey in the exacjt centre of the town of Cambridge, equidistant from the river to the cross roads. After having passed through a long succession of owners, it is now the residence of David Straughn, Esquire. My first introduction to the interior arrangements of this house was, when a boy, the late Josiah Bayly, Jr., escorted me to the third story, and showed me the room occupied by his distinguished father as a law student, and private tutor, in the family of Congressman Scott. "In the year 1790," said he, "my father was in quest of a situation, and being a man of education, he brought to the house of Scott the complete fulfilment of his earthly hopes — 68 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY the exclusive education of his aristocratic daughters. In consideration of the education of these girls, Scott promised Mr. Bayly that he should have his board, the use of his books, and succeed him in practice. The girls, I am told, were very pliant, tractable, and submissive to scholarly discipline, yet they would not eat at the table with him, because, forsooth, they looked upon him as a hireling for wages. Nevertheless, Bayly became the first Attorney-General of Maryland, and a terror to every evil-doer, for he was a veritable giant in the temple of justice." The composite building of the Dorchester House was constructed by an Englishman by the name of Harrison, who brought all of its material from England. Tradition seems to have established the fact that English ships came within the enclosures of this place, for they had a brick ware- house in the same enclosure, and which was torn down about ten years ago. But what was the nature and character of the trade between these early settlers and England, we are left almost entirely to conjectural speculation, except the exportation of tobacco. This house having passed from Harrison to Scott, we now find it in possession of the celebrated Dr. Joseph Muse, whom Prof. Benjamin Gillman, of Yale University, mentions as worthy of a place in the laboratory of scientific men. Being a man of great possessions, and having become piqued with Dr. White, he marred the beauty of this place to a great extent by building a drug store in opposition to Dr. White for the curtailment of his profits. He then vacated and passed over to Gay Street, and built the celebrated "castle," in whose icy halls many a lover has been glad to receive, when 'knighthood was in flower,' the cold smiles of a passing glance." We now find the charaqter of the place has been changed, and that it is no longer a private residence, but is used by the traveling public. Thomas White, a local Democratic poli- tician, converts it into a hotel, and makes it headquarters for DORCHESTER HOUSE, CAMBRIDGE. TPIE OLD DORCHESTER HOUSE 69 the Democracy, and calls it the "Dorchester House." PliitO' never had more absolute sway in his regions than the Dem- ocracy had in these environments. It was not safe for a Whig to ventilate himself in these quarters, especially on a public day, when the Democratic) ship was under full pres- sure of steam. I have seen the stalwart Henry May standing under its portico addressing the Democracy, and at the same time defiantly challenging John Causean, through the liking of party, to meet him in joint discussion. Intellectually, this would have been a "battle of the giants," but had the great Causean accepted this challenge and va- cated the Court House, he and his cohorts would have been like the war horse rushing to destruction in attempting tO' storm the citadel of Democracy. They knew too^ well that the Democrats had on their war paint, and that they were game to the back bone, within their own enclosures. In the diatribes upon the Constitutional Convention of 1850, the Whigs were invited to a joint discussion of the measures of that period for a whole week upon the Dorches- ter Greeu. Governor Hicks. Dr. Phelps, Joseph E. Muse, and Ben Jackson kept the pohtical caldron boiling every afternoon and evening to such an extent that the passions of the people ran wild with excitement. It was here that Governor Hicks was branded with the sobriquet. King Caesar, and Ben Jackson with that of Little Poney. The Democrats forever afterwards ostensibly de- preciated the political power of such a man, and in their speeches said forsooth, we love C?esar, but we love Rome more. The Democracy in these quarters always raised a hickory pole and flung their colors to the breeze. In those days the passions of the people were always inflamed in the campaigns of political excitement to such an extent that they paid very little attention to the "retort c^ourteous," but were adepts in personal abuse. But still, in 1852, when Daniel Webster died, the Democrats lowered their flag at half-mast for the fallen statesman, who had led a forlorn hope of a Presidential nomination in that crisis. yo HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY The great political chieftain lay dead at their feet, and the sad valediction had hardly been pronounced at his grave when all that was left of the earthly remains of the old Whig party entered the house of mourning for the last time. Thus died the great Webster, and he fell like the aolossus of the ages in the temple of fame. There it was that the light of the last star of hope forever went out in the councils of politi- cal wisdom to perpetuate the fostering care of a great politi- cal party. And thus endeth the first chapter of the Dor- chester House with its incidental connection with the Demo- cratic party. CHAPTER VIII. CAMBRIDGE TOWARDS THE REVOLUTION — MILITARY HEADQUARTERS DURING THE REVOLUTION — PEACEFUL ATTITUDE AFTER THE WAR— CHANGES MADE BY CIVIL WAR — STIMULATED ENTERPRISE — TOWN DEVELOPMENT, AND INDUSTRIAL GROWTH — SOCIAL ORDERS — NEWSPAPERS — CHURCHES. In 1745, Cambridg-e was incorporated by Act of Assem- bly, but still slowly advanced in growth and population prior to the Revolutionary period. At the time of its incorpora- tion, a sanitary measure or nuisance-abatement Act was passed, that prohibited the raising of swine and geese in the town. In 1750, in response to a petition, permission was given to lease the church land of Great Choptank Parish by consent of a majority of the vestrymen. Prior tO' this period, throughout it, and for years that followed, the Assembly of Maryland was absolute in authority over the people. The Assembly proceedings are massive volumes of petitions for public privileges and personal liberties. "Languishing prisoners" in "gaol" for debt, burdensome taxation for the support of the Proprietary government and the Church, were not in public favor; and when English taxation was addition- ally imposed, the independent spirit of Cambridge people was ripe for revolt. The leading citizens of the town, influential in the revolutionary conventions and Council of Safety, made Cambridge headquarters for military operations on the East- ern Shore during the War for Independence. A number of brave soldiers and distinguished officers from Cambridge served in the Continental Army with great valor under the most trying privations, until relief came, either by death in battle, or the close of the long conflicjt. After the close of the war, with the restoration of an ac- tive foreign and domestic trade, the wealthier of the town in- habitants resumed their former habits of luxury and ease in splendid homes amid beautiful surroundings, largely on the ^2 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY revenues derived from slave labor. In this way they contin- ued tO' live and prosper until the results of the great Civil War so radically changed the conditions of labor that latent energy was forced into active efforts under the law of neces- sity. This business activity of compulsion, aided by the in- fluences of traffic in army supphes, where money was rap- idly made, stimulated enterprise in a new town growth, and opened and enlarged avenues for commerce with the world, which led to the development of MODERN CAMBRIDGE. In 1799 the town was resurveyed, new streets and town lots were then laid out about as they now are, except East and West Cambridge, which have been built up since i860, when the total population of the town was about twelve hundred. The new channels of trade and business advantages estab- lished soon after the close of the Civil War were increased. Steamboat lines, the completion of the Dorchester and Dela- ware Railroad to Cambridge, and the opening of telegraph communication, which invited apt enterprise to start a greater building and business boom in the town. The first telegraph line to Cambridge was secured by Mr. W. Wilson Byrn, then president of the new railroad, who' made terms with the Western Union, by which the people in the county furnished the poles along the railroad and paid for the wire, which the telegraph company put up and oper- ated. The limits of this book will not permit the naming of the many enterprises, and by whom projected in Cambridge, even in the days of its modern growth, but some will be men- tioned to convey an idea of the lines of town progress. In 1869 the first large manufacturing industry was estab- lished on the East side of Cambridge Creek, located on a site of about ten acres of land bought by a gentleman from New Jersey. Large lumber and flour mills were built there and operated under the management of J. W. Crowell & Co., ST. PAUL'S M. P. CHURCH. CAMBRIDGE. THE OYSTER INDUSTRY 73 whose business amounted to about $40,000 a year, in supply- ing white oak timber to the Central Pacific Railroad, for car building; and the packing of hundreds of barrels of fiour. This plant was destroyed by fire in 1877, when the firm incor- porated under the name of the Cambridge Manufacturing Company, who rebuilt the plant, and has been operating it ever since. Shipbuilding that had been largely carried on by James A. Stewart, who began in 1849, to build large coasting vessels, was, with some intervals, clontinued by different builders, until discontinued by J. W. Crowell, who built a number of large vessels, and shipped the frames of many vessels tO' be built elsewdiere, until the supply of white oak timber near Cambridge, suitable for shipbuilding, was nearly exhausted. Next, harbor improvements and enterprises were begun. John Lowe built a wharf where the marine railway now is. Col. James Wallace also built a wharf where vessels direct from England had discharged their foreign cargoes and loaded tobacco for export a hundred and fifty years ago. There he built a cannery and commenced fruit canning. In 1874 he commenced packing oysters; the first to start raw shucking and steam packing of oysters in Cambridge. Immediately following, William Hopkins and William Davis built a marine railway, to which Joseph H. Johnson added a large shipyard after acquiring the marine railway. In this decade of improvement a new county jail was built in Cambridge, at a cost of about $20,000. Its construction was none too soon for the use of the town government that had to restrict the noisy cjonduct of a new immigration, oyster dredgers, crews of oyster boats, chiefly idle men from cities, often called "tramps," that came every winter and still come to dredg-e oysters to supply the demand of a great in- dustry established at Cambridge, which next claims notice. THE OYSTER INDUSTRY. For the last thirty-five years, the catching, shucking and shipping of oysters by the people of Cambridge has annually 74 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY increased from very small beginnings, until the business is now second to Baltimore's oyster trade. It has advanced the prosperity and growth of Cambridge, as much as all the other industries located there. Several hundred oystermen live in the town, who^ own and command their oyster boats, of different classes and sizes. About eight or nine hundred oyster shuckers, men, women and children, chiefly colored, are employed to open the oysters in a score of oyster houses, managed and owned by packers, among whom are the Cam- bridge Packing Co., Choptank Oyster Packing Co., Mace, Woolford & Co.. I. L. Leonard & Co., Tubman & Mills, J. J. Phillips «& Co., J. H. Phillips & Co., W. G. Winterbottom & Co., W. H. Robins & Son, J. B. Harris & Son, Milford Phillips, T. M. Bramble & Co., Levi B. Phillips & Co., Geo. A. Hall & Co., Julius Baker, Geo. W. Phillips & Son, William Blades & Sons, and others. Nearly a million bushels of oysters are annually shucked at Cambridge. The employment afforded by this business within the last twenty years has furnished the means to provide nice, comfortable homes for several hundred families, as well as for their support in this thrifty town. The rapid growth of oysters is marvelous, and the extent of the beds only bounded by the distant shores of the Choptank and the Chesapeake. With proper management the oyster supply is exhaustless. Cambridge contains 1600 dwellings, from the plain cottage to the palatial mansion; one hundred and thirty stores, in great variety, from the penny shop to the wholesale house of city proportions; three National banks; building and loan associations; a bonded trust company, and splendid school buildings for a thousand children. Other enterprises of pub- lic utility are the Cambridge Water Company, capital stock, $60,000, James Wallace, President; the Cambridge Gas Com- pany, capital stock, $20,000, Daniel H. LeCompte, Presi- dent; the Cambridge Manufacturing Company (previously mentioned), capital, $100,000, James Wallace, President; the Cambridge Shirt Factory, A. J. Foble, President and manager, employing one hundred and fifty hands; and INDUSTRIES OF CAMBRIDGE 75 five large fruit and vegetable canneries, operated by sepa- rate firms, namely: James Wallace & Son, Roberts Bros., I. L. Leonard & Co., T. M. Bramble & Co. and Woolford, Winterbottom & Lewis. L. K. Warren and Messrs. Sherman and Collins are each proprietors of steam mills for manu- facturing tlour. S. L. Webster is manager of the Webster Fertilizing Factory, where large quantities of agricultural manures are made. An extensively used town telephone makes connections with most of the towns throughout the Eastern Shore Penin- sula and Philadelphia and Baltimore. An opera house, with seating capacity of six hundred people, is a notable town convenience. The United Charities Hospital is a large building, which is fully and well equipped for many patients, where the best skill in medical science and surgery is applied, equal to the Johns Hopkins standard or other first-class hospitals. To meet the growing demand for hospital treatment, a new and larger building is to be erected by private and State subscrip- tions. The hospital site has been chosen and work on the building will soon begin. Mr. John E. Hurst subscribed $10,000. The hotels in Cambridge are modern in structure and splendidly managed. Braly's is a brick building with large accommodations. Col. E. E. Braly, proprietor. Hotel Dixon, a new hotel just completed, has every con- venience found in first-class city hotels. Lee Dixon, Esq., owner, and Mrs. A. N. Nicholas, manager. Colonel Braly became proprietor of Hotel Dixon in November, 1902. Cator's Hotel, under the popular management of ex-She- iff Thos. B. Cator, is well patronized. Secret societies and beneficial orders have select member- ship of high and reputable standing. Of notable mention are the Cambridge Lodge, No. 66, Masons; Knights of Pythias, Independent Order of Heptasophs, Independent Or- der of Odd Fellows, Royal Arcanum, Junior Order United American Mechanics and Choptank Lodge of Red Men. 76 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY Musicians are numerous and of fine musical attainments. Three organized bands pleasingly render pathetic, patriotic or sentimental airs, that move the public heart and feelings as often as occasion requires. CAMBRIDGE NEWSPAPERS. The "newspaper" history of the town is here quoted from the best known authority at hand. The first newspaper printed in Cambridge, was TJic Chronicle, which was issued, it is said, in 1821. The next to follow, as well as we have been able to learn, was the Dorchester Aurora, published by a Mr. Callahan. The Democrat and DorcJiester Advertiser was established about 1840, with John E. Tyler, editor and publisher. W. H. Bowdle next started The Democrat. This was followed by TJie American Eagle, Ruben S. Tall, publisher. Later on it passed to the management of George W. Jefferson. Handy and Ballard succeeded Mr. Bowdle in publishing The Democrat, but when the Civil War began they went South and left the publication in the hands of Mr. Louis E. Barrett, foreman of the office. Mr. Bowdle again entered the field of journalism and started The Herald, and at this time we learn there were three papers published there. About 1865, The Herald passed into the hands of R. K. Winbrow. Later Chas. E. Hayward became the proprietor, and when he was elected State's Attorney, sold it to Col. George E. Austin and Dr. d'Unger, who also- bought the old Democrat and consolidated the two under the name of The Democrat and Herald. The American Eagle was sold by Mr. Jefferson to Levin E. Straughn, who changed its name tO' The Intelligencer. The Chronicle was suspended on several occasions, but reestablished again and again, and at one time was owned and published by the late Judge Chas. E. Golds- borough. The Intelligencer, just after the war, passed into the hands of Rev. T. Burton, then back to the Straughn family, and was finally suspended. In 1879 Henry Straughn and James E. Reese started The Dorchester Era, now owned and BAPTIST MISSION CHURCH, CAMBRIDGE. CAMBRIDGE NEWSPAPERS JJ published by James H. C. Barrett. In 1867, E. L. Keer began the pubhcation of The Dorchester News, afterwards seUing out to Joseph H. Johnson who also purchased TJie Democrat, and consolidated the two under the name of the Democrat and Nezvs. About this time William H. Bowdle started The Tele- graph, and in a year sold out to Clement Sulivane, who changed the name of the paper to TJie Chronicle. He pub- lished the paper about fifteen years. * * * Next it passed into the hands of James Melvin. Two or three years later John R. Pattison and E. C. Harrington became its owners. ]\Ir. Pattison retired, and his half interest was purchased by the present editor, and proprietor, W. Laird Henry, who bought out Mr. Harrington. To return to the Democrat and Nezvs, when Mr. Johnson became interested in shipbuilding, he sold his paper to- C. V. Bingley and John G. Mills. Mr. Bingley soon retired, and from that time on, the paper was edited and published by Mr. Mills until 1901, when he sold out to Orem and Johnson. The Dorchester Standard was established in 1895, by Phil- lips L. Goldsborough, who sold out in 1901, to Thos. S. Latimer, who is now editor and proprietor. The Item, a monthly paper, was started in 1894, by E. P. Vinton, who still continues its publication. The Daily Banner publication began Tuesday, September 21,1897, Lindsay C. Marshall and Armistead R. Michie being editors and proprietors. May 19, 1898, it was consolidated with the Chronicle, a weekly paper published by Emerson C. Harrington and W. Laird Henry. Mr. Michie retired, as did Hon. W. Laird Henry, editor of the Chronicle, and the two papers have since been published by Harrington, Henry & Co. with Lindsay C. Marshall edi- tor and manager. NOTED CONFLAGRATIONS. Cambridge has severely suffered great loss, by two disas- trous fires, and numerous smaller ones. The first conflagra- tion took place on November 30, 1882, destroying Christ P. 78 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY E. Church and other buildings and involving a loss of many thousands of dollars. The second fire occurred July 30, 1892. Fifteen buildings were burnt, including two hotels, two newspaper offices, one National bank, several stores and dwellings. The estimated loss was $75,000. A CITY OF FINE CHURCHES. Christ Protestant Episcopal Church was first erected in 1693, rebuilt in 1794, and was destroyed by fire with many other buildings in November, 1882. The present fine edifice was completed in 1883, at a cost of $20,000. Rev. T. Carter Page is the present rector. Zion M. E. Church was built in 1845, and rebuilt in 1881 of stone and is a structure of modern architecture. Rev. E. C. Macnichol is the present pastor. Grace M. E. Church South, was built in 1882. It is a fine stone edifice of elegant design and finish. The present pastor is Rev. R. T. Waterfield. St. Paul's M. P. Church, a wooden building logated in East Cambridge, was built in 1882. The pastor is Rev. S. B. Tredway. The First Baptist Church, a neat and attractive building, is located in West Cambridge, and was built in 1884. Rev. W. S. B. Ford, of South Carolina, is the pastor. "Mary Refuge of Sinners," a Roman Catholic church was built in 1894, to replace one built there in 1885. This parish church and others in the country are in charge of Father Dougherty, recently appointed by Bishop Monaghan. From Cambridge, a charming city of flower-gardens, shaded streets and modern buildings that collectively deco- rate a well selected town location; a spot of the Red Men's choice where they built their wigwams centuries ago; and from its present commercial and industrial activities, we turn to other towns in the county that have had less advantages and made slower progress. GRACE M. E. CHURCH SOUTH. CAMBRIDGE. CHAPTER IX. VIENNA. The date when the town of Vienna, in Dorchester County, was founded by Act of Colonial Assembly has not been dis- covered in the Archives of Maryland, in either the printed or written records. After weeks of tedious research, how- ever, it has been ascertained that it was a town for some years prior to 1709, when a "Chapel of Ease" was built there, very convenient for some people, but not satisfactory to others, as is shown by the following- petition presented to the Governor and Council of Maryland, at a session held in 1728. "The petitioners of many of the inhabitants in Dorchester County, of Great Choptank Parish, most humbly sheweth; that in the said Parish the Church thereof is plac^ed on the side of Choptank River, a great distance from your Peti- tioners, so that they could not possibly attend God's worship. "That your petitioners in regard to the great distance to the Parish Church aforesaid, did on or about the year 1709, by the assistance of the then vestry, and their own contribu- tions obtain a Chapel of Ease situated in Vienna Town, by the Nanticoke River on the other side of the Parish afore- said. "Notwithstanding- the peaceable enjoyment of the said chapel ever since, as well as convenient situation of it, sev- eral endeavours hath been made to remove the same to the great inconvenience of your petitioners, and since those endeavours have hereto been frustrated by a suitable opposi- tion, so your petitioners were in hopes of resting easy and quiet in the use of the said Chapel for the future. "But so it is. May it please your Excellency and Honors; the Vestry of the said Parish of late, to the great surprise 8o HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY of your Petitioners did make an appointment to meet at a certain place in order to choose a piece of land, and contract with workmen to erect another Chapel of Ease not distant from the former, about five miles, which accordingly they have done; although there is no' intervening creek, cove, branch or swamp between them whereby the people may be incommoded in their passage; by which means, your Peti- tioners although not at present, may hereafter by such a method be deprived of the above said Chapel at Vienna, which they have so long enjoyed. "The premises considered, your petitioners humbly entreat such relief herein as may prevent the Vestry erecting the new Chapel. The securing and repairing the old, or such orders and determinations in this matter as in your great wisdoms may be for the quiet and ease of your petitioners in their possession of their Chapel and preventing designing persons giving them uneasiness therein for the future. "And your Petitioners as in duty bound shall pray. E. D. W. Elliott, John Hurley, Roger Hurley, Darby Hurley, Morris McKenney, Roger Bradley, Thomais Oolson, James Baker, Charles Smith, John Creeke, William Smith, John Minisk, William Guy, Nath. Mitchel, And. Lord, Capt. Johnathan Hooper, 2d, May Lew. HicJ^s, Capt. Thos. Hicks, John Edwards, Robert Dyas, Thomas Tacket, Mich'l Stockdell, Isaac Charles, Joseph Hurst, John Lamey, Robert Dixon, Wm. Rawley, Jun. Jno. Ouartermas, Pat. Ouartermas, Maurice Rawley, William Rawley, Solomon Davis, Henry Parks, Jacob Charles, Wm. Thornewell, James Jones, VIENNA A PORT OF ENTRY 8l Wm. Holloway, Mathew Clark, Thomas Dyas, James Rawley, Henry Dyas, Leonard Jones, Sr. "Ordered that the clerk of this Board give notice to the Gentlemen of the Vestry of this petition, and that they may attend to be heard to the contents thereof at the time of the meeting of the next Assembly, which order issued accord- ingly." OTHER CHURCH REFERENCES. In 1725 an Act was passed to invest the vestry of Great Choptank Parish with an estate in fee simple, viz : Two acres of land out of a parcel of 15 acres laid out for public use at tnc town of Vienna, whereon the chapel was buih. Many years after the chapel had been abandoned for church wor- ship, its old brick walls were the chief memorials of that cem- etery then rich with the ashes of the dead. Now lettered tablets of stone erected there in later years make it as sacred a spot to-day as it was nearly two centuries ago. In the year 1730 (see Lib. L., No. 5, Fol. 323), the bounds of this parish lot are given as follows : "Beginning at the N. E. corner of the chapel aforesaid and running east to William Ennalls' ditch; then south 38 deg. west 12 perches; then west 38 deg. north 20 perches; north 38 deg. east 16 perches; then east 38 deg. south 20 perches to the said ditch; then bounding therewith until it intersects the aforesaid east line drawn from said Chapel, containing 2 acres of land." WHEN MADE A PORT OF ENTRY. In April, 1762, an Act was passed to build a public ware- house at Vienna. An Act for amending the Tobacco Laws was passed in 1763, that designated places for warehouses and officers' salaries; and named one location on the land of Joshua Edmondson. at Vienna Town. The salary of the Inspector was 4800 lbs. of tobacco. 82 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY In 1768, ill a letter from Robert Jenkins Henry tO' Gov- ernor Sharp, reference is made to Mr. Herron's application to move the Collector's office from Wicocomoco, at Green Hill to Nanticoke as the centre of trade. The inducement being his removing his residence from Wicocomoco, in Somerset Coimty, to Dorchester County, where he had pur- chased a tract of land. The writer entered into a discussion to prove "where the rivers and c[reeks ran into the bay as the place to locate" the office for collection of aiistoms; after which he proceeds; "should the Custom House be moved to Vienna, it would by no means be convenient for the trade in general. True, more of the common trade goes into the Nanticoke than any of the other rivers in the district." The exact date of the formation of Vienna into a Custom District is not known, but was probably about the year 1768. In 1776 it was a thriving place. During the War of Inde- pendence, a British gun-boat ascended the Nanticoke River, and threw shot into the town. In October, 1781, two British barges with crews of thirty men attacked the town and burnt a new brig on the stocks there. One of the Dorchester mili- tia, Levin Dorsey, was killed by the British in one of these attacks. He was the only man who lost his life on Dor- chester soil in battle, during the stormy days of the Revolu- tion. The Viennians were patriotic, they formed a militia com- pany for home defence, which was commanded by officers whom they did not like, and a majority of them petitioned the Committee of Safety for an official change. In 181 2 the town was prepared for defence against British aggressions. Breast works were thrown up at the saw-mill wharf and guns were mounted. A company of militia was organized and equipped ready for service. Gun-boats of the British were frequently in sight of the town, but made no attack, unless throwing an occasional shot at long range be so regarded. TOWN RESIDENTS 83 AN ERA OF PEACE. Thomas Holliday Hicks made Vienna his home in 1829; the large mansion in which he hved still stands; he engaged in sail-vessel trade and merchandising. The streets in the town were narrow and so^ wet and muddy that carts mired in them when used for hauling town and country products. Guided by the inspiration of Mr. Hicks, a charter was pro- cured for the town and under its provisions new streets were opened and old ones repaired. There were no railroads then. The old steamer "Maryland," slow as a coach, plowed her way twice a week between Baltimore and Cambridge, the lat- ter place being 19 miles from Vienna. Otherwise from that section the passage to* Baltimore was by Bay schooners. Probably the first steamer tO' stop at Vienna was the "George Washington;" that event was on the Fourth of July, 1840, when the steamer took from Baltimore, Reverdy John- son, Charles H. Pitt and Thomas Yates Walsh (orators whose like do not exist nowadays), with a load of Whig excursionists for the great Harrison rally at Barren Creek Springs. The old "Osires" was the earliest liner between the upper Nanticoke and Baltimore; following her was the "Cham- pion," next, the "Kent," and others since not necessary to name. TOWN RESIDENTS. Mr. Thomas Holliday Hicks left Vienna in 1840 and re- moved to Cambridge, having been appointed Register of Wills. In 1850 the leading residents were James R. Lewis, vessel owner, with large business interests; Isaac Cornwell, likewise engaged; the store merchants were Thomas Webb, Thomas Higgins, Josiah Kerr and Fletcher E. Marine. Other well known citizens were Benton H. Crockett, hotel keeper; Dr. Daniel Ewell; Capt. Thomas Henry Webb; Daniel M. Henry; Capt. Frank Higgins; Brannock Moore, undertaker; Isaac Robinson, cof^n maker; George D. Smith; Wethers Smith; Dr. Smithers; Judge Craft; William Venables; Widow Vena- 84 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY bles; William Hearn, cabinet maker; Garretson Sewell; tailor; Burton Hearn, wheelwright; Britain Robinson, car- penter; Samuel Keys, shoe maker; Capt. Isaac Kennerly; Eli- sha Collins, carpenter; Mrs. Jacobs and two daughters; Squire Geo. A. Z. Smith, Rev. Enoch Bailey, school teacher; William Jackson; Dr. Jackson; Jacob Insley, constable; John T. Gray, undertaker, and Noah Foxwell. Hooper C. Hicks and Zacha- riah Webster lived on their farms adjoining the town. There were some families in the place of pure African type who had the respect; and confidence of their white neighbors. Of these were Hooper Jolly, Aaron Hews and Mary Moore. Hews was a blacksmith who was accidentally killed by the collapse of his shop. All of the above-named town and subur- ban citizens, with others, whose names are not herein given (except Richard and Weathers Smith), have passed onward to the end of life's journey, whither all descend to that com- mon plane of lonely retirement — the grave. Before Vienna was a town, Hoopersville stood adjoining the Vienna, site on the Hicks farm near the ''Sycamore" where the boys have gone swimming for centuries. As late as 1850 the foundations of a store and warehouse were trace- able; the evidence of its existence now is legendary. A bridge was authorized to be built at Vienna in 1828 that spanned the Nanticoke from the Dorchester shore to the Somerset; it had a "draw" that consisted of two sections which were hoisted to upright positions, almost vertical, to admit the passing- of sail and steam vessels through the bridge, and lowered to close the draw for travel over it. It was such a menace to navigation that it was removed in i860. A ferry has been established across the river as a substitute for the bridge, which connects with a causeway over a mile long across a treacherous marsh on the Wicomico side of the river. The marsh reminds us of Squire Geo. J. Z. Smith, a native of South Carolina, who settled at Vienna about eighty years ago. He spent his money liberally in constructing rice fields in the marsh near Indian-town Creek. He dug what is called "Smith's Ditch" from the mainland to the Nanti- COLLECTORS OF THE PORT OF VIENNA 85 coke; since then the tides have washed it deep and wide. His experiment failed; the seasons of hot weather were not suf- ficiently long tO' ripen the rice. Mr. Richard Smith, of Baltimore, a native of Vienna, who was during the Greenback Movement that party's candidate for Mayor of Baltimore, is a son of the late Squire Smith. Col. Thomas S. Hodson of Baltimore, is also a native of Vienna. He and William M. Marine attended the same school. at that place. COLLECTORS OF THE PORT OF VIENNA. After the adoption of the Federal Constitution in 1788 and the United States Government had established Customs Reg- ulations for the collection of revenues. Collectors of Customs who were commissioned Inspectors of the Revenue also were appointed by the Federal Government for Vienna at the time named, and in the following order : John Muir, March 21, 1791. James Frazier, February 20, 1795. Algernon Sidney Stanford. January 29, 1805. James Ennalls, July i, 1808. John Ennalls, December 6, 1808. Charles Leary, March 31, 1830. Charles Leary, April 28, 1834. Charles Leary, March 15, 1838. Benton H. Crockett, March 31, 1842. Benton H. Crockett, May 8, 1846. Hooper C. Hicks, April 30, 1849. Hooper C. Hicks, August 29, 1850. George A. Z. Smith, March 16, 1853. William S. Jackson, March 6, 1858. Daniel J. Waddell, July 23, 1861. James F. Webb, February 19. 1866. VIENNA OF TO-DAY. Vienna has excellent public schools and school buildings, four churches, one Episcopal, one Baptist, one Methodist 86 • HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY Protestant and one Methodist Episcopal, all well supplied with able ministers who attract fine congregations. It now has traveling and shipping advantages by rail. The Balci- more and Eastern Shore Railroad (now the Baltimore, Ches- apeake and Atlantic Railway) connects Vienna with Baltimore and Ocean City. It touches the suburbs of the town near the old Sycamore. Steam mills for manufacturing lumber, flour and meal do a thriving business; fine stores of general mer- cliandise command active enterprise and the town is alive with a thrifty population of 500 citizens.^ ^ To Hon. Wm. M. Marine, ex-Collector of the Port of Baltimore, much credit is due for history given in this sketch of Vienna and its people. CHAPTER X. EAST NEW MARKET — HURLOCK — AIREYS — BUCKTOWN — LINKWOOD. EAST NEW MARKET. {By Miss Pitf^k Jacobs. \ East New Market, a town of about 600 inhabitants, is sit- uated twelve miles from Cambridge and one mile from the head of Warwick River, once known as Secretary Creek, a tributary of the Great Choptank. It is a thriving village and is surrounded by some of the best farming land in the county. The farmers of this section of the county have ceased, however, to depend upon the usual staples and now raise peaches, melons, berries and other fruits and vegeta- bles. The canning and shipping of these products form the principal industries here and give employment to some hun- dreds of men, women, boys and girls. Each religious denomination here of any significance has a very creditable church. Almost annually the Methodist Epis- copals hold a camp-meeting at the old historic place, En- nalls' Camp Ground, about five miles from town. The Methodist Protestants camp nearly every year at Shiloh, about one mile away. The oldest church in the town is the Episcopal; the present building is the third one erected here. The foundation stones of the first one, which was built before the Revolution of 1776, are now lying opposite the old site. The old New Market Academy, which was incorporated in 1829, has since become a part of the State Public School Sys- tem, and is now known as the East New Market High School. Its reputation is of the best, and its graduates dur- mg the time when Dr. James L. Bryan was Superintendent of the County Schools, were placed on the roll of eligible teachers without further examination. 88 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY East New Market is growing- and is especially well situated for progressive enterprise, being surrounded by productive farms, and has shipping facilities by the B. C. & A. R. R., three miles distant, the C. & S. within one mile, and daily lines of steamers on the Choptank River, one mile away, to Baltimore. The present town development is not the work of any active immigration, but under old names with new energies the village flourishes; of them we note Webster, Thompson, Hooper, Hicks, Wright, LeCompte, Thomas, Smith, An- drews, and Jacobs, who are still to the front as merchants, farmers or professionals. From the older ones much inter- esting history may be heard of the old days, when the cross- roads tavern here would be filled with travelers from the upper tO' the lower peninsula or vice-versa. Frequently did traders from Delaware and New Jersey meet here who came to sell negroes or exchange horses. Iron staples are still shown here in one building to which slave negroes were chained for safe keeping until sold or to await the purchaser's time when ready to convey them South for service in the cotton fields of Georgia. One of the oldest tanning firms in Maryland for many ,years was located on what is now Main Street. Tanning leather was then an important and profitable industry, when Dorchester County was almost a dense forest of oak, from which tan bark was obtained cheap and plentiful. This town has always been noted for its healthfulness. Though within a mile of Warwick River, it is free from those pests in other parts of the county — malaria and mosquitoes. Subjoined is an illustration of an old home of one of the Hooper families of East New Market. It is now the summer home of William Hooper, a descendant of Henry Hooper (i), (2) and (3), of the colonial period. Accompanying is an obscure view of the home of the late Dr. Edmondson, in East New Market. He was a de- scendant of one of the oldest families in the county, who were large land holders, influential and enterprising people. HURLOCK 89 The first to settle in Dorchester County was John Edmond- son, who came from Talbot County about 1665, when he took up and had surveyed the following tracts of land: "Provi- dence," 1300 acres, surveyed February 12, 1665, for John Edmondson, on the south side of Great Choptank River, in the woods; given by John Edmondson, by will, to his son, James Edmondson. "Edmondson's Reserve," 1050 acres, surveyed August 26, 1665, for John Edmondson, on the south side of Great Choptank, about two miles above the dividing. "Skipton," 200 acres, surveyed July 16, 1669, for John Edmondson, at the head of Fox Creek. He also pur- chased other tracts. (See Dorchester County Rent Rolls.) They first settled in Virginia before locating in Talbot. The Talbot branch of the family were members of the Society of Friends or Quakers. HURLOCK. The origin of Hurlock, a new and attractive town in the upper section of the county, was the location of a railroad station at that point on the Dorchester and Delaware Rail- road (now the Cambridge and Seaford Railroad), in 1867. The first storehouse there was built in 1869 by John M. Hur- lock, who also built the first dwelling there in 1872. Then a beautiful forest of oak surrounded the station on all sides and Methodist camp-meetings were annually held in a charm- ing section of that picturesque woodland. James M. Andrews sold the first town lot for $25. Wil- liam W. Howith built the second dwelling there in 1885. After Mr. Howith built, the following gentlemen, viz : T. W. Noble, Henry Sinclair, B. F. Carroll, Thos. I. Wright, Thos. Hackett, each built dw^ellings about 1887. and James A. Dean built a hotel. The town continued to grow, and was incorporated in 1893. Stores of all description now number 15, hotels two, one flour mill, one saw mill, one box factory, employing twenty men; two canneries, one cream- ery, one machine shop, and the Hurlock Drop Forge Com- pany, comprise the principal industrial enterprises. Wm. H. Stevens is Postmaster. The town has two churches, Meth- 90 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY odist Episcopal and Methodist Protestant; two physicians, Dr. H. F. Nicols and Dr. G. A. Haefner. The building- of the B. C. & A. R. R., which crosses the Cambridge and Seaford Road at this point, in 1890, gave the town of Hurlock a live boom; it now contains 450 inhab- itants, and is thriftily developing. AIREYS. Aireys is a little village and railroad station on the Cam- bridge and Seaford Railroad, five miles from Cambridge. It contains about seventy-five inhabitants, one M. E. Church South, two stores and post office, and one public school. At this place the first Methodist sermon in Dorchester County was preached at the home of Henry Airey by Free- born Garrettson in 178 1. In that neighborhood he was ar- rested and confined in Cambridge jail for several weeks, being charged with preaching a religious doctrine of John Wesley, who was said to be a Tory at that time. BUCKTOWN. Bucktown is an inland hamlet, situated near the central part of Dorchester County, twelve miles from Cambridge and five miles from a railroad station. A fertile farming country surrounds it. Two stores, one M. E. church and about forty people in ten or twelve dwellings measure the size of that quiet town where the ring of the hammer on the blacksmith's anvil is no more heard. LINKWOOD. Linkwood is a railroad station on the Cambridge and Sea- ford Railroad, about eight miles from Cambridge. It con- tains one M. E. church, one public school, one store of gen- eral merchandise, a post ofifice and a few family dwellings. It is in a fertile farming district, in which grain, fruit and veg- etables are extensively raised. The most important industry is the fruit and vegetable canning plant owned by Mrs. Belle F. Turpin and operated by Roberts Bros., of Baltimore. EDMONDSON HOUSE, EAST NEW MARKET. CHAPTER XL WILLIAMSBURG AND WILLIAMSBURG DISTRICT — CROTCHER's FERRY (bROOK- VIEW) — GALESTOWN — FORK DISTRICT— THE LEES OF VIRGINIA ON NORTH WEST FORK RIVER — OTHER FAMILIES. WILLIAMSBURG AND WILLIAMSBURG DISTRICT. The little hamlet, Williamsburg, situated on the Cam- bridge and Seaford Railroad, about twenty miles from Cam- bridge, is in Williamsburg district, which was a part of East New Market district but laid out for a new election district in 1859. The first election in the district was held at Wil- liamsburg in i860. The town is not of colonial origin, though its original name was Bunker's Hill. Henry Jones, who was a school teacher, land surveyor and farmer in a small way, built the first house there in 1804. He was the grandfather of the author of this village sketch. As founder of the town, his house was small in size and plain in construc- tion, described by Enoch Lowe, Esq., who saw it when he was a boy. The first business started there was by a wheel- wright, John Woolen, who made spinning wheels for spin- ning flax and wool, as well as cart wheels for the farmers' carts. The next indispensable business started there was a whiskey and rum shop, in which were sold a few groceries for the appearance of decency. The inducements to engage in that traffic were no doubt the profits derived from the liquor sales. This store with its stimulating stock of merchandise attracted many patrons. They came from towards the "Bridge," north; from "Puckum," east of the "North West Fork," and from "Grubbing Neck." along the Caroline border. When repre- sentatives from those rival neighborhoods met and partook of a few glasses of rum or whiskey, the pride of their man- hood rose to a premium, challenges were frequently made to test the superiority of their fighting abilities, some of whom 92 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY were ever ready to fight a rival. The frequent meeting of those disturbing factions and their conduct at that place gave it such a notorious reputation that it was named "Bunkers Hill." Under such evil influences the town made no advance- ment except in building fences and hog-pens of slabs to such an extent that the neighborhood people changed the name of the town to^ "Slabtown." This so incensed one of its cit- izens, John Woolen, that he petitioned the Legislature about 1840 to change the name of the place to Williamsburg, which was done. Soon after the Dorchester and Delaware Railroad was completed and a depot established at Williamsburg, town im- provements were begun, but its growth has been slow. Now there are two stores of general merchandise, one cabinet and wheelwright shop, one steam flouring mill, one fruit and veg- etable cannery, one public school, one M. E. church (see il- lustration), and about twenty-five dwellings wdiich may be included within town limits. Some of the early settlers in that part of the county before it was named East New Market district were Nathaniel Med- ford, born in 1758, and Rebecca Medford in 1755; William Bonner and Margaret Bonner, whose daughter Rachel was born in 1744; William Lowe, great-grandfather of Enoch Lowe, who had a special warrant granted for resurvey of land called "Taylor's Neglect," in 1758, and some vacant land adjoining "to be holden of the Nanticoke Manor." (This shows the great extent of Nanticoke Manor up the "North West Fork.") Later WiHiam Lowe, grandson of William, had resurveyed and patented "Lowe's Literest," in 1788, which was the late home of Celia Bush (Murphy), who lived there alone and was murdered by a negro, April 7, 1884, for her money. This land adjoined "Lockerman's Manor" of 1000 acres. Next, the Corkran family, of whom James Corkran is men- tioned, whose son John was born November 11, 1788, and died November 18, 1836. He married Nancy Medford, Sep- tember 25, 18 10, daughter of Nathaniel and Rebecca Med- WILLIAMSBURG M. E. CHURCH. CROTCH ER S FERRY 93 ford. The first son of John and Nancy (Medford) Corkran was John Burton Corkran, born August 17, 18 12, died April 6, 1899. He married Ann L. Syrock December 16, 1840. Descendants of these families are now living on or near the premises owned by their early ancestors. Of the Lowe's, Enoch Lowe, a Justice of the Peace for the last twenty-eight years, excepting two years, still resides on the old home- stead. George, John R. and Joseph B. Corkran are farmers on and near their father's late premises, and F. P. Corkran, another son of John B., is merchandising and milling at Wil- liamsburg; he was a member of the House of Delegates from Dorchester County in 1900. Nathaniel and Robert W^ , Medford, of the Medford family, are prosperous farmersY nearby. ' * * * John Woolen, the wheelwright, committed sui- cide by hanging himself in his workshop. August 18, 1854. Descendants of the Hubberts, Paynes, Browns and a few others of old families are still living in that section. In the War of 18 12 the people of that neighborhood were patriotic; a company of militia was raised there that belonged to the Eleventh Regiment of Dorchester County, the officers were John Rowens, Captain; Arthur Lowe, Lieutenant; David Andrew, Ensign. CROTCHER'S FERRY. (BROOKVIEW.) On the North W^est Fork of the Nanticoke River, before Nanticoke hundred was outlined, a ferry, not a town, was es- tablished in 1 67 1, at the same time when the Assembly passed an Act for keeping- Dover Ferry across the Choptank River. Those ferries were on the route of travel between Somerset, Dorchester, Talbot and Kent Counties. The first public house located at Crotcher's Ferry was an "Ordinary" where liquors were sold. Its influence on society in that section was many years in advance of church organiza- tion, and gave the place a notorious reputation for drunken- 94 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY ness and fighting-, especially on Saturdays, when the sailors, fishermen and landsmen met for soc;ial drinks and square knockdowns. This place well maintained its reputation for 150 years, where travelers passing that way could get a pint of whiskey for a "fips-penny-bit," and a fight for nothing. As late as 1850, when religious influences had spread about there, the "Ferry" had not fully reformed; boatmen in their fleet of barges with jugs for a zveek's supply always made their run on Saturdays to the river shore of the village next to the liquor stores. With all the bad record of this place it had a brisk vessel-trade in wood, lumber and grain, and a shipyard where sail vessels were built. Coasting and bay vessels were owned there from the days when James Billings had the ship "Rider" built on the Nanticoke in 1738. While the "Ferry" has lost much of its vessel and lumber trade, it has grown in population, risen high in social and moral standing, and is an attractive place, whose citizens are highly esteemed for their benevolence, religious devotion and refined home life. Crotcher's Ferry, now named Brookview, has two stores, about thirty-five dwelling houses and 130 inhabitants. The men of the village are chiefly sailors and fishermen. GALESTOWN. Galestown, a little cluster of modest dwellings situated in the southeastern part of Fork District, about two iniles from the Nanticoke River, is inhabited by an industrious popula- tion, the descendants from the original white settlers on the Eastern Shore, and adjacent part of Delaware, a mixture of French and English, like those who inhabit the district, noted for their plain habits and absolute freedom from grave ofifences. The quickening influence of the locomotive whistles is too far away to excite commotion in this town on the arrival of trains at the nearest railroad station. Only steamboats on the river induce the people to make use of rapid transit in their business with the outside world. The grist-mill and A FORK DISTRICT 95 village store served them for a hundred years with domestic conveniences apparently suitable to that period, when fish- ing, sailing, and lumbering were the business occupations for family support. Late enterprises established there for fruit and vegetable canning and other business, has put new life in the town. FORK DISTRICT. Fork District, one of the eight Election Districts of Dor- chester County, laid out in 1829, was an early settled section, mostly along the Nanticoke River on its eastern boundary, and the North West Fork River, that divided what was then called Nanticoke hundred. Until 1684 Somerset County claimed all that part of Nanticoke hundred lying east of the North West Fork branch of the Nanticoke. In. November of that year, the Council of Maryland appointed a Commis- sion, Col. William Stevens, Capt. Henry Smith, Bartholomew Ennalls and Charles Hutchins, to settle the bounds between Somerset and Dorchester Counties. They decided that the North East branch is the main stream of the Nanticoke River, and therefore the boundary between the counties, which had been for years in dispute. Some of the people then living in North West Fork claimed to be citizens of Somerset, and others to be living in Dorchester. , While the Fork district is not noted for any important towns, it is reputed for being the home of some distinguished and prominent families. "Rehoboth," on the North West Fork River, a largeN plantation about seven miles from Federalsburg, was the home of some of the Lees, in colonial days, members of the Lee family of Virginia, one of the most promi- nent and influential families that ever came to America. A brief sketch of that noted family is here given tO' show the connecting line of the Lees of Virginia to those of "Rehoboth." "Richard Lee" (i) (first generation), "of a good family in Shropshire, near Bridgeworth, the seat of Launcelot Lee, 7 V-;, 96 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY Esq. some time in the Reign of Charles the first went over to the colony of Virginia, as Secretary, and one of the King's Privy Council * ^ * "When he got tO' Virginia, which was at that time not much cultivated, he was so pleased with the country that he made large settlements there with the servants he had carried over; after some years he gave away all the lands he had taken up and settled at his own expense, to those servants he had fixed on them, and then returned to England. * * * He came again tO' Vir- ginia with a fresh band of adventurers, all of whom he settled there." This Richard Lee "settled first in York County, proven by the grant of 1000 acres, dated August 10, 1642. The patent states that this land was due 'unto the said Rich- ard Lee, by and for his own p'sonal adventure his wife Ann,' and others.^ He represented York County as a Burgess in 1647, ^"^^ i" 165 1." He was interested in commerce as well as agriculture; "in his will he bequeathed his interest in two ships to his son Francis Lee." From his home in York County, he next settled on Dividing Creeks, in Northumber- land County on the Potomac River, where he was granted in 1 65 1, 800 acres, and in 1656, 600 acres; was also granted other tracts of land. "While in England with his wife and children in 1663, he made his will, and died in Virginia in 1664." His children were: SECOND GENERATION. 1. "Joh" (2)' eldest son, and heir-at-law, died unmarried," of whom further. 2. "Richard (2). After the death of John he became heir- at-law. From him the 'Stratford' line descended," of whom further. 3. "Francis (2), settled in London, died there and left issue." 4. "William (2), married; probably left no male issue." 5. "Hancock (2), married and left issue, from whom the 'Ditchley' line are descended." 6. Elizabeth (2), no data. LAND OWNED BY CAPT. JOHN LEE AND OTHERS 97 7. Annie (2), married Thomas Youell, of Nominy; left issue. 8. Cliaries (2), married and left issue, from which the "Cobbs Hall" line are descended. SKETCH OF THE SECOND GENERATION. "John (2), the eldest son of Richard (2) and Anna Lee, was born about 1645, 'i^ Capohowasick, Wickacomoco, in Northern Neck of Virginia,' as he himself stated." He was educated at Oxford, entered Queen's College, as a commoner on the 2d of July, 1658, and graduated an A.B. on the 30th of April, 1662. (Probably studied medicine; his father made provision to that effect in his will.) While at Oxford, he presented a silver cup to his college, "weighing 14 oz — 3 dwt. now preserved in Queen's College, Oxford." In 1666, he (Capt. John Lee) had settled in Westmoreland County, Va., where he was a member of a committee for the defence of the Northern Neck of Virginia, from Indians; and was appointed High Sheriff of Westmoreland, in 1672. He was the owner of much land, about 16,000 acres, of which he owned some in Dorchester County, proven by land records, here described, LAND IN FORK DISTRICT OWNED BY CAPT. JOHN LEE AND OTHERS OF THAT FAMILY. "Rehoboth, 2350 acres, surveyed for Capt. John Lee, March 31, 1673; patented to him June 24, 1673, situate, lying and being on the East side of Chesapeake Bay, in a River called Nanticoke, on the North side of the said River, in the first North-West forke of the said river." (See Land Office Records, Annapolis, Md.) In the fall of 1673, Capt. John Lee died, and this land was heired by his brother, Richard Lee {Col. Richard Lee), of "Mount Pleasant," Virginia, a very distinguished man, who "was educated at Oxford, and spent almost his whole life in study, and usually wrote his notes in Greek, Hebrew or Latin," and was appointed to- numerous offices. He died on the I2th day of March, 1714, in the 68th year of his age. 98 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY His will was probated in Westmoreland County. April 27, 1714, and by it devised many thousand of acres of land in Vir- ginia and Maryland, as well as many slaves, to his heirs. The land in Dorchester that he heired from his brother, Capt. John Lee, he willed as follows : "Item, I give to my son Phillip and his heirs forever a tract of land in Dorchester County on the Eastern Shoar in Maryland and on the North West fork of Nanticoke river containing 1300 acres more or less and bounded as follows. Beginning at the upper corner of a larger dividend of land I have there, at a marked hickory and red oak upon the side of said fork of Nanticoke * * * thence W. by S. 214 poles to the river or fork side which line divides my now seated plantation in two parts. * * * Item, I give to my son Thomas and his heirs forever the residue of all my lands in the North West fork of the Nanticoke river in Dorchester County in the Province of Maryland. * * * [If then his seated plantation some of his family occupied it, evidently shown by the following bequests.] Item, I give to my son Philip these negroes, * * * y^j^j-j Carpenter Jack and Ralph at the Eastern Shoar. Item, I give to my son Henry these following negros (vig't.) Betty Phill Harry and Sarah Beck's children Prue Betty's and Ned all at home Sharp at the Eastern Shoar." Philip Lee (3) (of the third generation), who lived in Prince George's County, Maryland, died in 1744; he willed his part of "Rehoboth" in Dorchester County to his sons as follows: "Carbon Lee, 200 acres called 'Rehoboth,' John and George, 600 acres called 'Rehoboth' in North West fork of Nanticoke, to be equally divided between them. Francis, 200 acres, part of a tract called 'Rehoboth,' aforesaid. I give to my grandson Philip Lee, 200 acres, part of 'Reho^ both.' " "President" Thomas Lee (3), ol "Stratford," son of Rich- ard Lee (2), died at Stratford in Westmoreland, on the Poto- mac River, in November, 1770. He was the father of Richard Henry Lee, and Francis Lightfoot Lee, of Revolu- LEE MANSION (COLONIAL^. NORTH WEST FORK RIVER. LAND OWNED BY CAPT. JOHN LEE AND OTHERS 99 denary fame (both were signers of the Declaration of Inde- pendence). In their father's will, ''Rehoboth," the 1300 acres owned by him, were bequeathed to his eldest son, and entailed on his second and third sons in case of failure of male heirs by them, in order devised. Richard Lee (4), the first son, died unmarried, before his father. Philip Ludwell Lee (4), the second son, became the owner, heir-at-law of "Rehoboth." He had two daughters, and a son that died in infancy. What disposition was made of his share of "Rehoboth" is not mentioned. Francis Lee (4), son of Phillip Lee (3), was living on his plantation, a part of "Rehoboth," in 1745, and was a member of the Assembly of Maryland that year, when he moved to Cecil County, Maryland, and offered to lease his "late Man- sion House on the North West fork of the Nanticoke River." (Md. Gazette, 30th January, 1747-48.) He died in 1749 and devised his land in Dorchester County, as follows : "I give to my son Francis Leonard Lee (5), all my dwelling plantation in Dorset County, called 'Rehoboth.' To my son, Lancelot Richard Thos. Lee, a tract of land called 'Lee's Purchase,' containing 317 acres, on the Northeast fork of the Nanticoke River." He gave his wife, Elizabeth (Holly- day) Lee, 50 acres on the Nanticoke, "where the ship was built," and two tracts of land bought of John Smith, adjoin- ing "Rehoboth," to his son, Francis Leonard Lee. It is not shown so far as we have examined that Richard Henry Lee, and Francis Lightfoot Lee, sons of Col. Thomas Lee (3), of "Stratford." ever shared ownership in "Reho- both," with their brother, Philip Ludwell Lee, though Let- tice Corbin Lee, a sister, did. Like the great plantations, "Mount Pleasant," "Stratford," "Chantelly" and "Paradise," of the Lees of Virginia, has "Rehoboth" of Dorchester County, passed out of their pos- sessions. The land records of Dorchester County show that "Lettice Corbin Lee, of Harford County, Md., in 1787, sold to John L.ofC. lOO HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY Smoot, a tract of land called "Rehoboth," containing 200 acres, on the North West Fork of Nanticoke River, which "descended to her upon the death of her brother Philip Lee." ^ Major Frank Turpin, first a Captain in the Militia of Dor- chester County during the Revolutionary War, became the owner of that part of "Rehoboth" on which the Lee Man- sion now stands, a fine old brick building still in an excellent state of preservation, now about one hundred and seventy- five years old. Major Turpin lived there for many years, where he dispensed lavish hospitality tO' many a social guest within its spacious halls. Balls, so popular eighty or ninety years ago, were continued for twO' or three days at a time at his home, where music and wine kept merry, handsome men and maidens fair through many a mazy dance. Some of those men had been in the War of 181 2, and others had served in the Eleventh Regiment of the Dorchester Mili- tia, under Captain Minos Adams, Lieutenant Solomon Davis and Ensisrn Robert Medford. CHAPTER XII. CHURCH CREEK— WOOLFORD — MADISON — TAYLOR'S ISLAND — HOOPER's ISLAND — LAKES — STRAITS. CHURCH CREEK. About seven miles southeast of Cambridge, at the head of Church Creek, an arm of Fishing Creek, which is a tributary of Little Choptank River, an old town is situated named Church Creek. Tradition claims that it is older than Cam- bridge; that a few families settled there about the time the Protestant Episcopal Church was built on Church Creek, in Dorchester Parish; but the Land Records of the county show no evidence of the sale of town lots there before 1700. The location of the first church in the county, so. finely con- structed in that early period, at the central point of the county's population, led to the estabhshment of a little hamlet near it, first named Dorchester town; secondly. White Haven; and lastly Church Creek, which it still retains. This inland point at the head of navigable water, bounded by vast forests of large white oak and pine timber, was very early selected for shipbuilding, an industry begun there prior to 1767, in which year reference is made to "land adjoining the 'Ship yard.' " Of the earliest shipbuilders there is no record. In later years the Dixons, Linthicums and Jas. A. Stewart, were extensive builders of vessels there. This enter- prise alone in the early part of the eighteenth century was quite sufificient to attract ship carpenters to settle there, and which made a prosperous village 150 years ago. When convenient ship timber became scarce and activity in ves- sel building declined about forty-five or fifty years ago, town growth and prosperity were checked, and since have not been revived for want of established industries. As a substitute for employment, more of the town men became sailors, and others engaged in oystering on the Bay and rivers I02 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY near by. To-day, the town and surrounding country people sustain eight or nine stores of general merchandise kept there, one M. E. Church and Minister, and the Old Protes- tant Episcopal Church and rector. Lately a fruit and vege- table canning house has been built there, and is now in suc- cessful operation. If other industries follow the cannery, and the projected Cambridge and Chesapeake Railroad is built, a new life may revive the old town and its passive four hundred. WOOLFORD. The village of Woolford, twO' miles west of the town of Church Creek, situated on Church Creek, a tributary of Little Choptank River, is quite an old place, that has had three names in its history. About twenty-five years ago it was called Milton, named by the Postoffice Department as a postoffice. For 150 years prior tO' that time, it was called Loomtown; tradition says, because the "industrious matrons there in every household had a weaver's loom." The influ- ence that introduced looms there and elsewehere in Dor- chester and Somerset Counties, was an Act of Assembly passed in 1682, that authorized County Court Commission- ers to pay six pounds of tobacco for every yard of linen woven, which was three-quarters of a yard wide; and for woolen cloth, ten pounds of tobacco. It 1697, this Act was repealed and measures adopted to suppress domestic manu- facturing to prevent reduction of imported merchandise necessary for the use of the colonists, and profitable to Eng- lish exporters. Descendants of some of the first settlers of Loomtown are still there and in that locality. Two hundred years ago the Woolfords. Millses. Brannocks, Skinners and Joneses were residents of the old place, now known as Woolford, that has a population of about one hundred people; two stores, one church, and the "village blacksmith" shop. Near Woolford, on the road to Church Creek, is an old windmill, that was used for grinding corn into meal probably a hundred years ago. (See illustration.) MADISON 103 MADISON. The town of Madison lies west from Cambridge, about twelve miles, on Tobacco Stick Bay, a tributary of Little Choptank River. The first name given the little village was "Tobaco Stick;" oral tradition says, from the feat of an Indian who jumped across the channel at the mouth of the cove with the aid of a "tobacco stick," some time in early colonial days, when escaping from some white people who were pursuing him. This town has made a very slow growth; its business re- sources for support of the inhabitants for more than a hun- dred years, were a wood and timber trade and shipbuilding. For the last twenty-five years, oystering has become a sub- stitute for town support in the place of the diminished enter- prises in timber getting and shipbuilding. In 1809, an Act of Assembly was passed that permitted Joseph Stewart, an enterprising farmer and vessel builder, to dig a canal from Parson's Creek, through White Marsh, to connect with Tobacco Stick Bay, at Tobacco Stick, for the purpose of lightering wood and timber from a large tract of timberland, that the canal also drained. As early as 1760, it was known as a village; among its first inhabitants were Roger Woolford, William Jones and John Harrington. Before the day of churches there, religious services were held at John Harrington's house. The oldest person living there now is John E. Harrington, whoi is a descendant of John Harrington, above-named. In this town are three churches, one M. E., one M. E. South, and one M. P. church; three general merchandise stores; one large fruit and vege- table cannery. The town is the home of several captains of Bay trading sail vessels that belong there. It has a popu- lation of about 300 inhabitants. DOCTORS. Of the ])hysicians who once lived at Tobacco Stick, the earliest now remembered by Mr. John E. Harrington, were Drs. Pratt and Rich. Dr. Harrison also practiced there. I04 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY Madison has long had the benefit of a prominent and skill- ful physician, who still resides there, Dr. Benj. L. Smith, whose tact in politics has almost eclipsed his splendid pro- fessional record. He has been an honored member, of the House of Delegates, Senate of Maryland, and for the last three sessions of the Legislature, has been Chief Clerk of the House of Delegates. TAYLOR'S ISLAND These districts, while they have no regularly organized towns, are densely populated in parts lying near the Bay and rivers, in which are valuable oyster beds. Taylor's Island is about six miles long, lying parallel with Chesapeake Bay, on the western border of the county, and separated from the mainland by Slaughter Creek, and from Hooper's Island by Punch Island Creek. Colonists from St. Mary's and Calvert Counties settled on this island ten years before the County of Dorchester was laid out. Thomas Taylor, after whom the island was named, Raymond Staple- fort, Francis Armstrong and John Taylor, were among the early settlers, who cleared the land of timber and made fine farms there. The cultivation of tobacco and corn was the principal employment and the chief products raised for sup- port of the people during the first century of the colony. From the year 1700, timber and lumber trade increased for the next 150 years to^ the extent of a profitable industry. Soon thereafter catching oysters for sale in city markets rapidly became a paying business, and is still a trade of much activity. The revenue derived from oysters has added valu- able and attractive improvements to this section of the county. On the island are three fine churches, large stores, canneries, and fine dwellings, the homes of well-to-do and cultured people. HOOPER'S ISLAND. Hooper's Island lies south of Taylor's Island. It is about twenty miles in length, though now divided by two navigable LAKES 105 thoroughfares. It is separated from the mainland by Honga River, Its first settlers, like those who' settled on Taylor's Island, came from the Western Shore. One of them, Henry Hooper, owned much of the island, consisting of numerous tracts of land, aggregating at that time 2340 acres. On the upper end of the island, then known as Meekin's Neck, a Catholic settlement was made prior to 1692; there the first Catholic church in the county was built. Descen- dants from a number of this religious colony through suc- cessive generations have lived there and still retain the names and lands of their ancestors. Farming, fishing, sailing and oystering have been the successive vocations of these island- ers. To-day oysters are the main source upon which they de- pend for a living and business. The inhabitants are thickly settled on small lots of land, in nice houses that show from a distance like suburban villages. Agencies that make them almost as one social community are good stores, nice churches, public schools and dependent business interests. LAKES. Lakes was unknown as a political division of the county until 1829, but in the Revolution of 1776 that section was called "Lakes," after the prominent and patriotic Lake fami- lies, who then lived there, though it was a part of Straits hundred. Some of the earliest settlers in that section were the Keenes, Hoopers, Gootees, Insleys and Shentons. Its vast tracts of oak and pine timber of old growth were the last in the county to fall before the lumberman's axe. Some places in and bordering Lakes have peculiar names; there is "Golden Hill," but no gold; "Hunger" River, but always full; "Blackwater" River, but never black; "World's End" Creek, but no' end of the world visible there. Some places were given town names, but no towns grew at Lakes Ville, Hungerford or Woodlandtown. The modern name of Crapo represents only one store, post of^fice, a vegetable Io6 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY cannery and five dwellings. The chief occupations of the people in the district are farming and oystering. STRAITS. When the county was laid off into eight election districts, Straits retained its original name, first called Straits hundred. At present the mainland extends from the southern boun- dary of Lakes to Bishop's Head, about twelve miles distant. The remainder of the district includes Elliott's Island, Clay Island and Sandy Island, separated from the mainland by Fishing Bay, and Bloodsworth Island and Holland's Island, south of Hooper's Straits. As early as 1660 settlements were made near Hooper's Straits, then called "Limbo"' Straits, so named by Captain John Smith, who was caught in a severe storm there during his exploring expedition in 1608. He says the storm blew away their sails, which were repaired by using the shirts of his crew. Honga River that lies west of Straits district, he then named "Rapahanock," the name of an Indian tribe then living near. The McNamares, Fallins, Brambles and Pritchetts were some of the early settlers, whose descendants still live in Straits. Not until a market for oysters in cities was established did this district begin to exhibit thrift and develop a dense population, whose numerous dwellings to-day appear like little villages on the mainland, and on Elliott's and Holland's Islands. There is a peculiar geological land formation in this dis- trict. South of Fishing Bay, along its shore, and on the border of vast bodies of low marshland, are Elliott's and Clay Islands, high sandy hills. On Elliott's Island are evi- dences that Indians lived there, probably the Nantiquacks or Wiwashes, who for generations feasted on oysters along the Bay shore, where Indian arrow heads are found about banks of old oyster shells. The land in Straits is fertile and produces good crops, but oystering is the chief occupation of the people. Church History. CHAPTER XIII. THE PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH— THE CATHOLIC CHURCH. THE PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH. A large majority of the people who settled on the Eastern Shore before and after Dorchester County was laid out, were Protestants, a fact conclusively shown by the official acts of the Assembly Delegates and other representative officers in colonial days. Following the Protestant Revolution of 1689, church in- fluence under the new government made some progress; two churches were then built, and the county divided into two parishers in 1692. Choptank Parish was much the larger, and included a part of what is now Caroline County. This parish was so large that the people who lived a lomg distance from Cambridge could not regularly attend c,hurch service on Sunday. The first partial relief came to them in 1709, when a "Chapel ol Ease" was built at Vienna. As the popu- lation increased and expanded, the Assembly authorized the division of great Choptank Parish and the outlining of another called "Saint Mary White Chapel Parish," in 1725, in which, no doubt divine services were held prior to the passage of an Act in 1755, authorizing a chapel to be built in the parish. It was erected on the county road that now leads from Federalsburg tO' Hunting Creek, about two miles from the latter place. This religious denomination was prosperous until the out- break of the Revolutionary War, when the rectors, whose oath as clergymen bound them to be loyal and bear true allegiance to the government of England, were obliged to vacate their glebes and churches and return to their native country, or take the oath required to become loyal colonists I08 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY of Mar^'land. During the Revolutionary struggle for Inde- pendence, and for some years following after, in the absence of the parish rectors of several small churches in the county, their vestrymen, and congregations entirely neglected their parish work and church duties, until the buildings went swift to decay and utter ruin. In the tidal wave of Methodism then passing over the Eastern Shore, many of the Protestants were carried along by that new doctrine into the Wesleyan Societies, chiefly because the Protestant Episcopal Church was supplied by England with a clergy. At this time there are six Protestant Episcopal churches in Dorchester County, in charge of prominent and scholarly rectors. In the Parish of Dorchester is old "Trinity Church," which is described in the following part of this chapter. THE OLD CHURCH. {By Hester Dorsey Richardson.) In a picturesque spot on the Little Choptank River and on the narrow creek to which it has given its name, stands old Trinity, known until the middle of the nineteenth century as "The Church in Dorchester Parish," and familiarly known tO' the present generation as "The Old Church." ^ So long ago was this ancient little edifice built that all record of its date has been lost, the most diligent and careful search having so far failed to throw any light on the subject. It is, however, beyond dispute that this church was standing in the year 1690, two years before the Act of Assembly which directed the division of the counties into parishes, at which time the Great Choptank was cut from the Dorchester Parish, which prior to 1692 included the entire county. In the year 1690 there were already in existence in the colony of Maryland thirty parish churches and many "Chap- els of Ease." We find from the colonial records that the Old Church was situated at "Dorchester Town," as the inhabitants ol this Parish were instructed to worship in the church at TRINITY P. E. CHURCH. CHURCH CREEK. THE OLD CHURCH IO9 Dorchester Town, upon the division of the county, and the inhabitants of Great Choptank Parish to worship in Cam- bridg'e, where the use of the Court House was given for di- vine service, until such time as it should be convenient for them to build their church, which they did not do until 1696 or later, as in that year Mr. Philip Pitt and other vestrymen petitioned the Assembly for the privilege of building a church, which was granted them. In this same year 1696 the Dorchester Church reported two hundred and twenty-one taxables. Prior to 1692 Trinity, with all the other early colonial churches, paid tithes to the Bishop of London. The register of marriages, births and deaths has been pre- served since 1743, but nothing remains of an earlier date other than the names of the rectors from the year 1697. The law passed by the Council prescribing that vestrymen of all parishes should each year return a list of marriages, was evidently universally disregarded, as in December, 1696, a list of the vestries failing to comply with this and also neglect- ing to send a transcript of their proceedings were read before His Lordship's Council. The vestrymen of the Dorchester Parish and the Great Choptank were all fined, proving that the records had not been transmitted, most likely because they were not kept, which accounts for the lack of information regarding the early history of this venerable church. The first rector of whom we have any record was Rev. Thomas Howell, who' officiated in both parishes from the year 1697 until 1708. For the next twelve months there were no services at the Dorchester Church, but were resumed upon the arrival of Rev. Thomas Thomson who served as rector for a quarter of a century. Upon his death in 1736 Mr. William Brogden officiated for three years. In 1739 and 1740 the name of Mr. Chas. Lake appears as having conducted sen^ices on twO' specified days; he was therefore either a visiting clergyman or a lay reader. no HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY In the year 1741 the Rev. Neal McCullum became the rec- tor and SO continued until 1770. After his death or removal the Dorchester Parish remained vacant for a period of eleven years, during which time there is no record of even a special or occasional service being held. In the year 1768 the following advertisement appeared in the Annapolis Gazette of May 14: "Wanted in Dorchester Parish a curate. Apply to vestry. "Roger Jones, Registrar." As nO' results came from this invitation it is likely that this was not considered a "good living." Indeed, it is a matter of record that one of the early rectors petitioned tO' be relieved of his charge because of the poor pay. In the year 1781 Thomas Brown held service at the Old Church. After this the Rev. Samuel Keene officiated until 1786, in which year he accepted a call to Queen Anne's County, St. Paul's Parish; during his incumbency at the Dor- chester Church, William Keene officiated at some time in 1783- The church remained without a rector for four years after the departure of Rev. Samuel Keene, until 1793, when Rev. John Keene succeeded him as rector for a little while. The names of those who conducted odcasional services between the years 1794 and 1806 are, I. Slacom, R. Patti- son, I. Braughn, John Anderson. In 1806 the Rev. Mr. Kemp assumed charge of both parishes until 181 2, when the Dorchester was again vacant for six years. Rev. G. Weller then became rector for three years. In the year 1818 the Old Church underwent repairs and the following year a Chapel of Ease was begun on Taylor's Island. The Rev. Jonathan Judd was called to the Parish in 1824. The next rector was Rev. Thomas Bayne, who continued to officiate from 1838 until 1841 when Bishop Whittingham sent the Rev. Wm. Harris to be the resident THE OLD CHURCH III rector of the Dorchester Parish, provided sufficient funds could be raised; as he resigned at the end of the year, it is safe to assume that the pay was small. In the year 1843 the vestry decided it would be expedient to build a frame chapel in the village of Church Creek as more accessible to^ the people. A building committee was appointed to carry out the plans. This was composed of the following vestrymen : James L. Dorsey, William W. Jones and Wm. T. Staplefort. The project was abandoned in 1848 during the incumbency of Rev. Cyrus Waters, who succeeded the Rev. Meyer Lewin as rector of the Old Church in 1847. Three years later the Rev. James Stephenson was elected to till the vacancy caused by the resignation of Mr. Waters. In the Register, the name of the Rev. John W. Nott first appears as rector of the Dorchester Parish in 1854 and although his resignation is not recorded until 1874 in the interim, the names of Rev. James L. Bryan and Rev. Samuel D. Hall are recorded as rectors, the former in 1859 and 1872 and the latter in the year 1869. After the resignation of Mr. Nott in 1873 the Rev. David Marion Ellwood was elected to succeed him in 1874. In the year 1877 the Rev. William Wallace Greene of the Virginia Diocese accepted a call to the Old Church, where he continued to officiate until his resignation in 1889. He was succeeded by Rev. Jacob Miller for one year. After his departure another of the many periods of silence fell upon the Old Church, until the Rev. James X. Bryan again held services there. In 1901 the Rev. Hugh McDonald Martin, of Virginia, responded to a call to this Parish which for ten years had been without a resident rector. Again, after six months' incumbency, it is numbered with the silent churches. The Old Church was reconsecrated after its restoration from great dilapidation and long vacancy in the middle of the nineteeth century, when it was named Trinity for the first time. This rite was performed by Rt. Rev. Bishop White- house. 112 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY During the process of restoration at this time (1850) the high box shaped EngHsh pews were removed, also the hand carved wainscoting which is said to have formed part of the interior decoration. A choir gallery, which was suspended above the main entrance, and was approached from the out- side by a circular staircase, was removed "as unsafe and unnecessary." It is not definitely known at what period the tiled floor was covered with plank in the interest of health. A window above the reredos has long since been bricked up, so that the church in Dorchester Parish has really lost much of its colonial characteristics on the inside. Tradition says that this and other early churches were built of bricks brought from England, but a close searching of the records fails to bring to light any verification of this oft-told tale. There is every reason to believe that the bricks were made by the English brickmakers, who were brought into the col- ony, and who' were contracting for bricks as early as 1649, in which year one Cornelius Canaday made an agreement to make and deliver to Mr. Thomas Cornwallis twenty-eight thousand bricks within two^ years. Many inventories of estates mention brick molds, but no bill of lading of any ship gives "bricks" as a part of a cargo. A large hollow in the Old Church yard was for many years an object of conjecture and superstition, "because water would not stand in it." That it was from this clay soil the bricks were made which built the church I have no doubt, and indeed there is one tradition to this efTect. While there is no record of the deed of gift of the site of the church there is positive proof that the Busicks, who owned the surrounding land, gave it and the burying ground, for in the will of James Busick probated in the year 1749 he stipulates that "the two acres previously laid ofif be and do belong to the church so long as a Parish Church is kept and no longer." THE OLD CHURCH 113 As there is no record of the land ever having been deeded to the vestry, the tenure of the burying ground seems to- depend entirely upon the Parish Church being kept. The land surrounding the church and covering an hundred acres was patented in 1671. In the year 1767 James Busick (3) upon inheriting the estate had a resurvey made and a new patent granted him by Frederick, sixth Lord Baltimore. This last grant is still in possession of the present owners of "the land." An old red velvet cushion, which bears the stamp of royal quality, is said to have been sent over by Queen Anne for a prayer cushion in this early church. Indeed, tradition goes so far as to claim that the good queen knelt on it at her coronation. It is certainly the exact shape and size of those used on such occasions. There still remains one large silver communion cup, in- scribed "To the Church in Dorchester Parish," which bears the English Hall marks of long ago. The other pieces of the service have disappeared. There is no mention made in the church records of the presentation oi the communion service, and while tradition says it also was presented by Queen Anne, the Hall marks indicate a period later than her reign. During a period of restoration some years back, stained glass windows were presented to the Old Church through Miss Mary Carroll, of Dorchester County, then living in Washington, D. C. Later, many repairs and improvements were made by the Guild of the Parish. About five years ago the church showed alarming signs of weakness and it was feared that the sacred edifice was about to fall. The Right Reverend William Forbes Adams, Bishop of the Diocese, was, however, enabled to have the original walls buttressed by a timely contribution from a New York lady interested in the preservation of ancient land marks. The Chapel organ and the handsome communion ser- vice were purchased with money raised in Baltimore for the 114 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY purpose, by Miss Sallie Webster Dorsey, formerly of Balti- more, now of Dorchester. In appreciation of her efforts the vestry of Old Trinity passed resolutions of thanks to Miss Dorsey. Mrs. Wm. G. Woodside, of Baltimore, gave as a memorial to her son a chancel hanging-lamp, in addition to a hand- some antipendant and stole, embroidered by the Mount Cal- vary Sisters. Altar hangings have from time to time been donated to Old Trinity by sister churches in Baltimore and Washington. Within the past two years the interior of the Dorchester church has been repaired, and new windows, protected by stout oaken shutters, have replaced the dilapidated ones. A chancel carpet and new prayer-books and hymnals have also been presented. These latest repairs and improvements were made through the efforts of Mrs. Thomas King Carroll, who contributed liberally to the restoration, as did Mr. John E. Hurst, of Baltimore; Mr. John Richardson, of St. Joseph, Md.; Mrs. James Richardson, of Church Creek, and Mr. Charles O. Willis, of Vicksburg, Miss. The fact that friends of the church in distant parts of the State have many times come to the rescue and saved the Old Church from falling into utter decay, is proof that the com- munity is not of the Episcopal faith, and while all seem to reverence the ancient edifice there seems little hope of its ever becoming a flourishing parish. The burying ground is the last resting-place of all denomi- nations, and despite the fact that it is already crowded the vestry of the Old Church have never reserved the privileges of the ground for the membership. The time must come, however, and shortly, when each church in the community must have its own "God's Acre," when those now sleeping their last sleep in the shadow of Old Trinity will rest undisturbed. THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN DORCHESTER II 5 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN DORCHESTER. {Data from Hon. Win. F. A.) The first settlers who came tO' this section of Dorchester in colonial days were Catholics. Their first chapel was built in Meekins' Neck, about 1769, in what is now Election Dis- trict No. 6, or Hooper's Island, and near Golden Hill. It was a small and unpretentious looking structure, and could have been easily taken for a barn, but for the presence of a small wooden cross upon it. A short distance from the site of the old chapel, a modern church of that denomination now stands, which was erected in 1872. In full view of the Chesapeake Bay, and opposite the cliffs on the Western Shore, is this divine edifice, "St. Mary's Star of the Sea." From a distant view, tiny white specks appear here and there about the church ground which at closer range prove to be memorial symbols erected over the last restuig-places of many departed guardians of that old parish. The primitive settlers of this Catholic coloiiy inDorohester, came from St. Mary's County about the year 1660. At that day divine service was held in private dwellings by a miss 011- ary Jesuit priest, who^ crossed the Chesapeake from St. Inigoes. Before services were regularly conducted in that part of the Eastern Shore, as often as two or three times a year, it was customary for entire families to embark early on Sunday morning in their small crafts and cross the Bay to attend Mass, in St. Mary's. The descendants of the original Catholics of that epoch, who are still in this parish fold in Dorchester, are the families of Mrs. Richard Tubman, Mrs. George Mace, Frank Tubman, William F. Applegarth, Robert Tubman, Charles Tubman, Mrs. Emma Ivlartin, G. Galon Shenton, Louis B. Keener Mrs. E. Vickars, Jno. A. Dunnock, Geo. A. Wilson, Wm. H. Dean, Edward Meekins, John D. Meekins, Mrs. Leonard, Eugene Jones, Mrs. Susie Tyler, Job and Mathias Dunnock, Mrs. Foxwell, Mrs. Dorothy Simmons, Alexander Fitzhugh, Il6 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY Raymond Shenton, Mrs. Zoe Keene, Mrs. Daniel LeCompte and Mrs. Geo. H. Gillingham. The old Catholic church was purchased for a public school building in 1872, and is still used for that purpose. As Protestantism grew strong and oppressive under sec- tarian laws enacted in the reigns of William and Mary and Queen Anne the Catholics made but little church advance- ment during that period. In 1706 the Sheriffs of the several counties were required by an Act of Assembly to enumerate all Catholics in their respective counties; only seventy-nine were found in Dorchester County. To check the growth of "Popery," an Act was passed in 1723, for laying an additional duty of twenty shillings current money, per poll, on all Irish servants, being Papists, who were brought into the colony. The progress of the Catholic Church in Dorchester County has been very slow; at this date there are only about five hun- dred Catholics, and three churches, one each at Cambridge, Sec^retary, and Golden Hill, or Meekins' Neck. They are sustained by able and inlluential parishioners. "Mary Refuge of Sinners," the church in Cambridge, was erected in 1894, to replace one built there in 1885. The church at Secretary is the outgrowth of a small Catholic settlement made there about 1886, whiqh has since been steadily increasing. Prior to the elevation of Right Rev. Alfred A. Curtis to the see of Wilmington, Del., the spiritual wants of Dorchester Catholics were served monthly, by a priest, stationed at Eas- ton, Md., but Bishop Curtis determined to establish better service for the Catholics in the county and to his efforts are due the progress of the cjnirch since that time. CATHOLIC CHURCH. '"MARY REFUGE OF SINNERS. CHAPTER XIV. THE PATERNAL BIRTHPLACE OF METHODISM — GERMANS WHO EMIGRATED TO IRELAND, WHERE THEY ARE CONVERTED TO WESLEYAN METHODISM — MANY OF THEM CAME TO AMERICA — FIRST METHODIST SOCIETY ORGAN- IZED IN NEW YORK— EXTRACTS FROM FREEBORN GARRETTSON's JOURNAL. EARLY METHODISM. Nearly two himdred years ago a number of German colo- nists left the Palatinate in the region of the "Rhine," then too near the border line of Imperial France, and settled in Limerick County, in the west part of Ireland. In 1758 Rev. John Wesley visited the descendants of these colonists, at Killiheen, Balligarane, and other places where he preached the "Gospel" and many were converted. As early as 1752, Mr. Wesley had visited that part of Ireland, where the Ger- man-Irish were among the first to welcome him. ■ In that year, under the religious influence of Mr. Wesley's societies there, a yoimg Irishman, Philip Embury was converted. In his family record was written the following: "On Christmas, being Monday, 25th of December, in the year 1752, the Lord shone into my soul by a glimpse of his redeeming love, being an earnest of my redemption in Christ Jesus, to whom be glory for ever and ever. Amen. "Philip Embury." Mr. Embury became a local preacher in Ireland. He emi- grated to- America in 1760, and settled in New York City, About this time a number of emigrants came to New York from Ireland; they had been Methodists in their own land. In one Christian family named Hick that came from Balli- garane, Ireland, was a pious lady, Mrs. Barbara Hick, who Il8 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY influenced Mr. Embury to preach in New York. Her appeal to him was : "Brother Embury, you must preach to us, or we shall all go to hell, and God will require our blood at your hands !" With her request he complied. Only six persons attended the first meeting. This society then organized and later enlarged, built the first Methodist meeting house in America, on John Street, New York, in 1768. In 1760, the year that Mr. Embury Cjame. Robert Straw- bridge, another Irish Methodist, arrived and settled in Fred- erick County, Md. From the work of these pioneers, Methodist societies were organized at many places, and placed in charge of local leaders. Rev. John Wesley sent over some licensed ministers to superintend the Christian work he had started in America. Francis Asbury, the first who' arrived in 1771, at twenty-six years of age, traveled extensively as a missionary. In his religious field of labor he was as zealous as the Apostle Paul, and like him in another respect never married. "To' him more than any other man in America, Methodism owes its excellent organization and wonderful growth." As the Methodist societies multiplied in numbers and in- creased in membership, under the preaching of Mr. Asbury, Freeborn Garrettson and other itinerant ministers, Mr. Wes- ley sent over Dr. Thomas Coke, who- arrived in New York, November 3, 1784, from England, with plans to be adopted for regulating their church government. On November 14 Dr. Coke first met Rev. Francis Asbury at Barrett's Chapel, Delaware. There they formed the plan for calling the Christ- mas Conference which resulted in the organization of the Methodist Episcopal Church. This Conference was held in Baltimore, December 25, 1784, and Francis Asbury was ordained Bishop. John Dickens, then ordained a deacon, seleced the title for the church, "Methodist Episcopal Church," which was unanimously adopted. The devout Methodist missionaries sent over to America and some home-made ministers in the States, made profound EARLY METHODISM II9 impressions on the people by their earnest and self-sacrificing; work of preaching a religion without ecclesiastical fcrmality, and so practical that many who came to disturb and scoff were convicted of sin and converted to Methodism. Freeborn Garrettson, one of the first itinerant ministe.'S who' came to Dorchester County, in possession of the Wes- leyan doctrine of Christian faith, reflected the new light of an old religion with such great power and influence, that the spiritual fires he then kindled were never extinguished, but continued to grow greater and brighter, until to-day they have become a confluent flame of progressive Christianity of unexcelled magnitude. Every true Methodist in Dorchester County will find Mr. Garrettson's Journal of missionary work and travels there, interesting history of pioneer labor, so faithfully done towards the establishment of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Fol- lowing are extracts from Garrettson's Journal, ''Section 7 :" AN ACCOUNT OF MY TRAVELS AFTER I WAS RELEASED FROM PRISON. After preaching at many places in the Jerseys and Penn- sylvania, with great freedom; in the fall of 1779 I returned to the Peninsula (which was my second visit) and we had a blessed quarterly meeting at Mr. W.'s.^ I traveled largely through this country all the winter, and many were gathered into the fold. I would say something here of the beginning and progress of the work ol God in Dorset County — a place where they were generally of the Church of England, and universally enemies toi the life and power of religion. The work began by the means of a young woman who was niece to, and sometimes lived with. Judge E.^ of Dorset; her sister was the wife to the honorable Mr. B.^ I am not certain whether it was on a visit toi Queen Anne's or Dover, that she fell in with the Methodists, by whose means she was con- vinced and converted, and afterwards became a pious follower 'Thos. Ware. ^ Henry Ennalls. ^Honorable Richard Basset, of Delaware. I20 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY of the blessed Jesus. When she returned to her uncle's in Dorset, they began tO' think she was beside herself; however, the Lord blessed her endeavors in favor of her sister Polly, and a few others. Her sister was soon set at liberty in a powerful manner, and had as great a zeal for God as her sister Catherine. Shortly after, their sister B. became as blessed a woman as ever I saw, and I have not a doubt but that she lived and died a bright witness of sanctification. Mr. B. was brought into the faith, with two young lawyers Wiho were studying under him, and several others of the family, who^ were the fruits of the labors of these pious, I may say blessed, women. To return, some time after Mary's con- version, she went to visit H. A. Esq.^ who was a relation of hers. As he was a man of fashion, and an entire stranger to inward religion, he was much afraid she would drive his wife out of her senses. He undertook to show his visitor that the Methodists were not in the right way, and for this pur- pose he chose an old book written by a Puritan divine an hundred and fifty years ago; but he had not read many min- utes before conviction seized him, and the tears flowed from his eyes. He withdrew and read, till he thought he must goi among the Methodists with his book, and compare it with theirs. He did so, and found the Methodist publications to agree in substance with that. On this occasion I first met with him at Mr. W.'s.^ After he had labored some time under distress of soul, the Lord gave him rest — he felt the burden of guilt removed — and now expressed an anxious desire that I should come to the county where he resided, being deter- mined to stand by the cause as long as he lived. Thursday, February lo, 1780, I arose very early in the morning, and addressed the throne of grace. My dear Master wonderfully refreshed my soul, and I felt a willingness to suffer anything, whatever the Lord might permit to come upon me, for his work's sake. I opened my mind to Mr. F. A.^ who was at Mr. W.'s (Rev. Thos. Ware), and he seemed very desirous I should accept the invitation. He ^Henry Airey, Esq. ^Rev. Thos. Ware. ^Rev. Francis Asbury. EARLY METHODISM 121 then commended me to the Lord in prayer, and I set out in good spirits with a strong hope that good would be done. The first day I got half way, and had a comfortable night. February 1 1 was a day of deep exercise. Are others dis- tressed in the way that I have been? I traveled on seem- ingly with the weight of a mill-stone. I wept bitterly as 1 passed along, and several times stopped my horse, intend- ing tO' turn back, but was still urged on my way. I got to my dear friend Mr. A.'s sometime before night, and the bur- den which I felt all the way left me at his door. The dismis- sion of it was perceptible, for my spirit did rejoice in God my Saviour. I was conducted into a private room, where the Lord let me know that I was in the very place he would have me to be. In the evening the family were gathered together for prayer; I shall never forget the time; I suppose about twelve white and black were present. The power of the Lord came among us. Mrs. A. was so' filled with the new wine of Christ's kingdom, that she sank on the floor, blessing and praising the Lord. And many of the blacks were much wrought upon. This night was a time of great refreshment to me. Saturday, 12. About thirty of the neighbors were called together,, and the Word seemed to melt their hearts. I had not the least doubt, but the Lord had called me to this place. Sunday, 13. Near an hundred gathered; the field though in the winter seemed ripe for harvest, and m.y gracious God wrought wonderfully in the hearts of the people; so that some who' were enemies before acknowledged it tO' be the truth. Monday, 14. Accompanied by my friend I went to the other part of the county. The field is ripe. One man was deeply afifected only by seeing us. I preached at Colonel V.'s, a clever man, who afterwards became a great friend to us and himself, too. The fields are white for harvest. The devil is angry. The wicked rage, and invent lies and mischief. The county court was sitting, and some of the heads of it were determined, by some means or other, to clear the place of such a troublesome fellow. For a cloak they charged me 122 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY with toryism, and I was informed, gave a very wicked man leave, and promised to bear him out in taking my Hfe; and for this purpose he was to lay in wait for me the next day. It providentially reached my ears that night before I went to bed, and as the wicked seemed thus inclined, I thought it expedient tO' withdraw to Mr. A.'s, where I staid two days; but being pressed in spirit, I could stay no longer; I went to another part of the county. Many came out to hear, and the Word was still attended with power; for they began to enquire the way to heaven. I had a most remarkable vision of the night. And in that vision it w^as revealed to me what I was to suffer; and that the Lord would stand by me, so^ that my enemies should not injure me. Hundreds flocked out to hear the word, on one side sinners were enquiring what they should do to- be saved; and those on the other side, how they should manage in order to banish me from the place. Monday, 21. I had great satisfaction in reading a piece that treated on the human soul. I had much freedom in the word in public, and a blessed family meeting at my good friend A.'s, but sorely tempted of the devil. Shortly after (shall I speak the truth? I will without the fear of man, though these things may appear strange to some people) I went to bed, the devil made his appearance upon it; first he felt like a cat, he then got hold of my pillow; I now believed it to be the fiend, and was not alarmed; I took hold of the pillow and both pulled at it ; I cried out, get behind me, Satan. And immediately he vanished. I went downstairs in the morning intending not to> speak of what had passed; but brother A. enquired if I had not been down in the night; I told him I had not; "why," said he, "shortly after you went up, I came into> the hall, and was at prayer, when I heard some one walk downstairs, and seemed to be standing in the door; as I knew there was none above but yourself, I Con- cluded that it must be you that wished to' go out; I thereby went and opened the door, but saw nobody, and certainly it was the devil." This was about the precise time he left EARLY METHODISM 1 23 my bed. Poor devil, you are afraid of your kingdom. I then mentioned what had passed in my chamber. The Httle daughter was under some concern of soul, and getting up one night, awoke her parents, and told them she was afraid the devil would carry her away. The soul spirit was wonder- fully roused, and very bitter against this dear family. February 24. I had a sweet and powerful time. After I went to rest, I was strangely exercised in my sleep; I thought I saw an innocent creature chased almost to death, by a company of dreadful beings; after a while I saw a cloud about the size of my hand rising in the West, which grew blacker and darker till it appeared tO' cover the earth; I thought now, most surely the world is to be at an end. I saw after a while those c^ruel beings turn pale as death. I saw a person come up tO' the innocent creature, which they were chasing and receive it. I awoke rejoicing, but knew not how to interpret this dream. Saturday, 25. My spirit was solemn and weighty; expect- ing something uncommon would turn up, I withdrew to the woods, and spent much time before the Lord. I preached with freedom to a weeping flock, my friend A. accompanying me to the place. In the evening we were repairing to his house, being about to preach there the next day, but a parcel of men embodied themselves and waylaid me, with an inten- tion to take me toi gaol. About sunset they surrounded us, and called me their prisoner. They beat my horse, cursed and swore, but did not strike me. Some time after night they took me to a magistrate who was as much my enemy as any of them. When I was judged, and condemned for preaching the gospel, the keeper of the peace, who sat in his great chair, immediately wrote a mittimus and ordered me to gaol. I asked him if he had never heard of an affair iy\ Talbot County. Brother I. H. was committed to gaol for the same crime, that of preaching the gospel; soon after the magistrate was taken sick unto death, and sent for this same preacher out of confinement to pray for him. He then made this confession: "When I sent you to gaol," said he, 'T was 124 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY fighting against God, and now I am about to leave the world, pray for me." His family were called, and he said to his wife: "This is a servant of God, and when I die, I request he may preach at my funeral. You need not think I have not my senses; this is the true faith." He then gave Brother I. H. charge of his family, and desired them to embrace that profession. Now, said I, I beseech you to think seriously of what you have done, and prepare to meet God. Be you assured, I am not ashamed of the cross of Christ, for I con- sider it an honor to be imprisoned for the gospel of my dear Lord. My horse was brought, and about twelve of the coim- pany were to attend me to gaol. They were all around me, and two, one on each side holding my horse's bridle. The night was very dark; and before we got a mile from the house, on a sudden there was an uncommon flash of lightning, and in less than a minute all my foes were dispersed; my friend A. was a Httle before the company. How, or where, I know not, but I was left alone. I was reminded of that place in scripture, where our dear Lord's enemies fell to the ground, and then, this portion of scripture came to me. Stand still and see the salvation of God. It was a very dark cloudy night, and had rained a little. I sat on my horse alone, and though I Called several times, there was no answer. I went on, but I had not got far before I met my friend Mr. A. returning to look for me. He had accompanied me through- out the whole of this affair. We rode on talking of the good- ness of God, till we came to a little cottage by the roadside, where we found two of my guards almost scared out of their wits. I told them if I was to go to gaol that night, we ought to be on oiir way, for it was getting late. — "Oh ! no," said one of them, "let us stay until the morning." My friend and I rode on, and it was not long ere we had a beautiful clear night. We had not rode far, before the company had gathered, from whence I know not. However, they appeared to be amazingly intimidated, and the foreman of the company rode alongside of me, and said, "Sir do you think the affair happened on our account?" I told him I would have him EARLY METHODISM 125 judge for himself; reminding him of the awfiilness of the day of judgement, and the necessity there was of preparing to meet the judge of the whole world. One of the company swore an oath, and another immediately reproved him, say- ing, "How can you swear at such a time as this?" At length the company stopped and one said, "We had better give him up for the present;" so they turned their horses and went back. My friend and I pursued our way. True it is, the wicked are like the troubled sea whose water casts up mire and dirt. We had not gone far before they pursued us again and said, "We cannot give him up." They accompanied us for a few minutes, and again left us, and we saw noi more of them that night. A little before midnight we got safe to^ my friend's house. And blessed be God, the dear waiting family were looking out, and received us with joy. And a precious sweet family meeting we had. I retired to my room as humble as a little child, praising my dear Deliverer, During the remaining part of the night, though dead in sleep, I was transported with the visions which passed through my mind. And had a confidence in the morning, that my beloved Lord would support me. I saw in the vis- ions of the night, many sharp and terrible weapons formed against me; but none could penetrate, or hurt me, for as soon as they came near me they were turned intO' feathers, and brushed by me as soft as down. Sunday, 27. At eleven o'clock, many came out to hear the Word, and it was expected my enemies would be upon roe; and I was informed, not a few brought short clubs under their cloaks, to defend me in case of an attack; for many had just about religion enough to fight for it. As I was giving out the hymn, standing between the hall and room doors, about twenty of my persecutors came up in a body (I was amazed to see one of them, who was an old man, and his head as white as a sheet) these were under the appellation of gentle- men. The ring leader rushed forw^ard, with a pistol pre- sented, and laid hold of me, putting the pistol to^ my breast Blest be God ! my confidence was so strong in him, that this 126 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY was with me, as well as all their other weapons, like feathers, as was represented to me in the vision of the night. Some of the audience, who stood next to me, gave me a sudden jerk; I was presently in the room, and the door shut. As soon as I could I opened it, and beckoning tO' my friends, desired they would not injure my enemies; that I did not want to keep from them, but was willing to go to gaol. If I had not spoke in this manner, I believe much blood would have been, shed. I began to exhort, and almost the whole congrega- tion was in tears, and in a particular manner the women were amazingly agitated. I desired my horse to be got, and I was accompanied to Cambridge, where I was kept in a tavern from twelve o'clock to near sunset, surrounded by the wicked; and it was a great mercy of God that my life was preserved. A little before night I was thrust into prison, and my ene- mies took away the key, that none might administer to my necessities. I had a dirty floor for my bed, my saddle-bags for my pillow, and two- large windows open with the cold East wind blowing upon me, but I had great consolation in my dear Lord, and could say, "Thy will be done." During my confinment here, I was much drawn out in prayer, read- ing, writing, and meditation. I believe I had the prayers of my good friend Mr. F. Asbury; and the book which he sent me (Mr. Ruthford's letters during his confinement) to- gether with the soul comforting and strengthening letters which I received from my pious friends was rendered a great blessing toi me. The Lord was remarkably good to me, so that I experienced a prison to^ be a mere paradise; and I had a heart to pray for and wish my worst enemies well. My soul was so exceedingly happy, I scarcely knew how my days and nights passed away. The Bible was never sweeter to me. I never had a greater love to God's dear children. I never saw myself more unworthy. I never saw a greater duty in the cross of my dear Lord; for I thought I could, if required, go cheerfully to the stake in so good a cause. I was not at all surprised at the cheerfulness of the ancient martyrs, who were able in the flames to clap their glad hands. Sweet EARLY METHODISM 12/ moments I had with my dear friends, who came to the prison window. Happy the man who finds the grace, The blessing of God's chosen race, The wisdom coming from above, The faith which sweetly works by love. Many, both friends and strangers, came to visit me from far and near, and I really believe I never was the means of doing more good for the time; for the county seemed to be much alarmed, and the Methodists among whom I had labored, were much stirred up to pray; for I had written many epistles to the brethren. I shall never forget the kind- ness I received from dear brother and sister A. They suf- fered much for the cause of God in Dorset County, for which (if faithful) they will be amply compensated in a better world. My crime of preaching the gospel was so great, that no^ common court could try my cause. There appeared to be a probability of my staying in gaol till a general court, which was near twelve months. My good friend Mr. A. went lo the Governor of Maryland, and he befriended me; had I been his brother, he could not have done more for me. The man- ner in which he proceeded to relieve me is this : I was an inhabitant of Maryland by birth and property; I could like- wise claim a right in the Delaware State, which State was more favorable to such pestilent fellows. I was carried before the Governor of Delaware. This gentleman w^as a friend to our society. He met me at the door, and welcomed me in, assuring me he would do- anything he could to help me. A recommendatory letter was immediately dispatched to the Governor of Maryland, and I was entirely at liberty. O ! how wonderfully did the people of Dorset rage, — but the word of the Lord spread all through that county, and hundreds, both white and black, have experienced the love of Jesus. Since that time I have preached to more than three thousand in one congregation, not far from the place where I was impris- oned; and many of my worst enemies have bowed to the scep- ter of our Sovereign Lord. The labors of C. P. and O. were 128 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY much blessed in this place, in the first reviving and spreading" of the work. After I left my confinement, I was more than ever deter- mined toi be for God, and none else. I traveled extensively, and my dear Lord was with me daily, and my spirit did rejoice in God my Saviour. In visiting the young societies, after I left gaol, we had blessed hours; for many came to hear — sinners cried for mercy, and God's dear people rejoiced. Friday, 24. Was a solemn fast, being good Friday, the day on which my dear Redeemer gave up his precious life. Three days after, being in a blessed family, I had great sweetness both in public and private; and before I laid down to rest, I was very desirous of being lost and swallowed up in the love of my dear Redeemer, and feeling the witness of perfect love. After I laid doiwn to rest, I was in a kind of visionary way for several hours. About one I awoke very happy, arose froni my bed, and addressed the throne of grace. I then lighted a candle, and spent near two hours in writing the exer- cises of the night. I saw myself traveling through a dismal place, encompassed with many dangers; I saw the devil, who appeared very furious; he came near to me and declared with bitterness he would be the death of me; for said he, you have doue my kingdom mudh harm; thus saying he began pelting me with stones, and bedaubing me with dirt, till I felt wounded almost to death, and began to fear I should fall by the hand of my enemy. But in the height of my distress, my dear Saviour appeared to me; I thought him the most beauti- ful person that ever my eyes beheld: "I am your friend," said he, "and will support you in your journey; fear not, for your enemy is chained." I seemed to receive much strength, and the power of the enemy was sO' broken, that he could not move one foot after me; all he could do was to' throw out threats, which he did loudly, till I got out of his hearing. Being safe from these difiiculties, I looked forward and saw a very high hill which I was to ascend; and began to fear 1 never should be able to reach the top; I entered on my jour- ney, and got about half-way up, so' fatigued that I thought EARLY METHODISM 1 29 every moment I must sink to the earth; laid down to rest myself a little, and seemed to fall into a kind of doze; but 1 had not laid long, before the person who met me in the valley passed by, and smote me on the side, saying, "Rise up, and begone, there is no rest for you there." With that I received strength, and got to the top of the hill. I then looked back, and saw my enemy at a great distance; I was greatly surprised when I saw the place through which I had dome; for on every hand there appeared to be pits, holes, and quagmires in abundance. I was much wounded, and all be- spattered with dirt, but looked around to see if I could find any house, and at a distance, I espied a little cottage, and made up to it; when I got near the door, two angels met me and said, "Come in, come in, thou blessed of the Lord, here is entertainment for weary travelers." I thought within ap- peared tO' be the most beautiful place I had ever seen. After I went in, I thought it was heaven filled with blessed saints and angels. One and another broke out, "Glory, glory," etc., till the place was filled with praises. One spake to me and said, "This is not heaven, as you suppose, neither are we angels, but sanctified Christians; and this is the second rest. And it is your privilege and the privilege of all the children, of God." With that I thought I had faith to believe, and in a moment my spotted garments were gone, and a white robe was given me; I had the language and appearance of one of this blessed society; I then awoke. Before this I had an ardent desire truly tO' know my state, and toi sink deep into God. When I awoke I seemed all taken up with divine things; and spent part of the remainder of the night in writing, prayer, and praises; and had a strong witness of union with my dear Lord. My brother T. from Baltimore side came to see me, and traveled several weeks with me; and blessed times we had together; for I believe it was on this visit he felt a witness of pardoning love to his . soul. Upon a qertain occasion, I was wonderfully led to think of the place called hell, and was severely buffeted by the 9 130 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY devil. "Hell," said he, "is not sO' bad a place as you repre- sent it; how can God be a merciful being, as you set him forth, if he sends people tO' such a dismal place, for a few sins, to be tormented forever?" I was earnestly desirous to know what kind of a place it was. And the Lord condescended tO' satisfy mei in the dead season of the night. After I fell into a deep sleep, I seemed tO' enter through a narrow gate intoi eternity, and was met by a person who cbnducted me to a place called hell; but I had a very imperfect view of it; I requested to be taken where I could see it better, if that could be done; I was then conveyed to a spot where I had a full view of it. It appeared as large as the sea, and I saw myriads of damned souls, in every posture that miserable beings could get into-. This sight exceeded anything of the kind that ever had entered intoi my mind. But it was not for me to know any of them. Was I toi attempt tO' describe the place as it was represented to me, I could not do' it. Had I the pen of ready writer, an angelic wisdom, I should fall short. I cried out to my guide, it is enough. With that he brought me to the place he first met me. I then desired a discovery of heaven; my guide said, "Not now, return; you have seen sufficient for once; and be more faithful in warning sinners, and have no more doubt about the reality of hell." Then I instantly awoke. CHAPTER XV. GARRETTSOn's journal continued — FIRST METHODIST CHURCHES IN THE COUNTY — REV. FRANCIS ASBURY's JOURNAL OF TRAVELS IN DORCHESTER — M. E. CHURCH PROGRESS — BOEHm's REMINISCENCES — M. E. CHURCH BRANCHES — BAPTIST CHURCH. At the next meeting of ministers in April, 1780, at Balti- more, Mr. Garrettson was sent tO' new fields of labor, Western Maryland, Virginia, and New York. In 1781 he returned to the Eastern Shore Peninsula, and spent much of the time there in 1782-83. After the Baltimore Conference in 1784, he was sent tO' Nova Scotia, from whic h he returned in April, 1787, to attend the Baltimore Conference. He was then sent again to the E. S. Peninsula, his chosen field for mission- ary work. He says, "Saturday, June 3, I crossed the river intoi Dorset, a place where I desired to- be, Sunday, 4. At Brother M.'s I met so large a congregation, that I was under the necessity of withdrawing to the shade for room. Some time agO' there was a great work of the Lord in this neck; but I am informed the work is now rather at a stand. What is the cause? Those preachers whose labors the Lord parti- cularly blest in this revival were lively and powerful; and there was much of what some call wildfire among the people; the cries of the distressed were frequently so great that the preacher's voice was drowned. I was informed that those people had been visited by some, who had but little friend- ship for what some call hollowing meetings; and the work began to^ decline. The danger lies on both hands; and blessed is he who knows how to steer aright. I am never distressed in hearing convinced sinners crying for mercy; though they were to cry so loud as to be heard a mile. * * * "Sunday, June 11, 1 preached in our new chapel on Taylor's Island, to abundantly more people than the chapel could con- 132 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY tain. Many on this island love God. Tuesday, 13. I preached on Hooper's Island, and we had a precious shower. Before our meeting ended five souls were newborn; three of whom were sisters. There were many awakened at this meeting, and great cries were amongst the distressed. There was as little confusion as I have ever seen, when there was so great a power felt." Much more cbuld be said of Rev, Freeborn Garrettson, who was qalled into the itinerant field by Daniel Ruff, a Methodist preacher, in 1775. In 1793, he married Miss Catherine Livingstone, daughter of Judge Livingstone of New York. " 'Rhinebeck,' their beautiful home on the Hud- son River, was an earthly paradise." After preaching the gos- pel for fifty-twoi years, Mr. Garrettson died suddenly in New York, September 27, 1827, and was buried in his own beloved "Rhinebeck," where sleeps beside him his devoted wife, both waiting the resurrection of the just. The early preaching of Methodism in Dorchester County was for eight or nine years conducted at the private homes of families who' were either believers of, or in sympathy with, the new doctrine of John Wesley. The oldest deed of record for M. E. Church land in the county is dated September 15th, 1787, "between Moses LeCompte and Elizabeth his wife of the one part, and Benjamin Keene, Jr., William Geoghegan, Thomas Hooper, John Ashcom Travers, Peter Harrington, John Aaron, John Geoghegan, John Robson and Isaac Creighton, Trustees, to take the care and management of the chapel lately built on Taylors, (for the use of the minis- ters, belonging to the Methodist Episcopal Church,) all <..f Dorchester Coiunty, aforesaid." The consideration was twenty shillings for one-half acre of land, part of a tract called "Patrick's Progress" adjoining the lands of Richard Pattison. "The trustees and their suc- cessors shall take the care and management of the said Chapel, * * * and shall at all times permit such persons as shall be appointed, at the yearly Conference of the Methodists held in America, tO' preach and expound God's ZION M. E. CHURCH. CAMBRIDGE. EARLY METHODISM 133 Holy Word in, and no others, to have and enjoy the said premises for the purpose aforesaid, and for no other use or purpose." A further provision was, the Board of Trustees could fill all vacancies that occurred in the Board, so as to keep the number of nine Trustees forever in succession. The next deed for M. E. Church use is dated April 13, 1790, from Thomas Hill Airey and Mary his wife tO' John Pitt, William Pitt, Gardiner Bruifit, Jonathan Partridge, David Mills, William Tucker, Henry Hooper, Ezekiel Vick- ars and Henry Ennalls, consideration five shillings, for one- half acre of land called "Pilgrimage," lying on the road lead- ing from Cambridge to Middletown. One provision of the deed is as follows : "* * * Provided that the said per- sons preach no other doctrine than is contained in Mr, John Wesley's notes upon the New Testament, and four volumes of sermons." Rev. Francis Asbury, the greatest Methodist missionary that ever traveled in America, frequently preached on the Eastern Shore Peninsula, but did not go to Dorchester until October, 1784. When in Cambridge he preached to a large congregation, and ministered to a poor colored man, under sentence to be executed for theft. On the 20th he went tO' Taylor's Island. He says, *'We had a profitable season there." The next day he went to^ "Todds," Todd's Chapel, in Lakes district; now called "Ebenezer." He says, "I found a warm' people, indeed. I injured myself by speaking too loud. "Saturday, 23. Rode thirty miles to Mr. Airy's. preaching by the way. We had a great time — multitudes attended. Dorset is now in peace, and the furies are still." Not until 1799 did Bishop Asbury again visit Dorchester. On May 17 he attended a quarterly meeting at Cambridge, which was held in a barn. He stopped with Henry Ennalls as he came to Cambridge, and with Bartholomew Ennalls, on his way to Vienna. He mentions one Cambridge citizen as follows : "I rejoiced that Doctor Edward White was stand- ing firm in the grace of God ; and that the Lord had blessed the souls of his children." His next visit to the county and 134 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY Cambridge was in April, 1802; on Saturday, stopped with Henry Ennalls, where he preached, on Sunday, the i8th. He says, "We had a fuH house at Cambridge. Our new ChapeP is two stories; well planned, and neatly finished. After exhor- tations and sacrament, Bishop Whatcoat preached. Meeting ended, we rode fourteen miles through the rain to B. En- nalls." The homes of the Ennalls families, were evidently favorite places for traveling ministers to temporarily abide. Bishop Asbury's final visit to Dorchester County, w^as in April, 18 10. It is well to quote him here. "On Monday, 16, I preached at Ennalls' Chapel, dined at the Widow' Ennalls, rode on twelve miles tO' Cambridge, and lodged with Dr. White. Tuesday I gave them a discourse in Cambridge. Called upon G. Ward, and rode forward to Thomas Foster's pleasant cjpttage. On Wednesday, I had a meeting at Wash- ington Chapel; it was a quiet, solemn and feeling time. I met the Society tO' my great joy; they are faithful." Six years later Mr. Asbury ceased his arduous Christian work, dying in Virginia, in 181 6. The five little Methodist societies orgailized at private family homes in Dorchester County, in 1780, are now repre- sented by fifty imposing church edifices, sustained by fifty influential congregations of white people, and by twenty-two churches for colored people, with very creditable fo'llowings." Rev. Henry Boehm, author of "Boehm's Reminiscences," was assigned by the Philadelphia Conference, to Dorchester Circuit in 1800. This was his first appointment. He says, "With weakness, fear, and much trembling. I entered upon my new field of labor and began to cultivate Immanuel's land. The arrival of a new preacher, a German youth from Pennsyl- vania, was soon noised abroad, and this called out many to see and hear. * * * For two months I sufi^ered pow- erful temptations to abandon my work and return home." 'This chapel was built on Church Street nearly opposite the residence of Wm. F. Drain. '■The books used for reference in the above church narrative are, "Freeborn Garrettson's Journal," "Asbury's Journals," 3 vols., "Boehm's Reminiscences," and "Methodism in America." BAPTIST CHURCHES I35 Mrs, Ennalls, whoi was a Goldsboroiigh, the wife of Henry Ennalls, discovered his depression, and urged him to con- tinue in his work, and this encouragement kept him in the ministry. He writes kindly of Mrs. Ennalls, and says after the death of Mr. Ennalls, she married Robert Carmann of Pipe Creek." While on this circuit Mr. Boehm collected the names of all the Methodist classes and their memibers; in later years an interesting- record to him, which "would be still more soi if we knew the destiny of each," he says: "Among the names I find on the class-book in Cambridge, are Dr. Edward White, Mary Ann White, his wife, and Eliza White, Sarah White, and Mary White, his three daughters. * * * Here resided Dr. Edward White, who helped to give tone and char- acter to- Methodism." M. E. CHURCH BRANCHES. Two offsprings of Wesleyan Methodism — the Methodist Protestant, and Methodist Episc^opal Church South — are flourishing denominations in Dorchester Coimty; the former has thirteen modern churches, well supplied with al)le minis- ters, and zealously sustained by influential communities. The latter has eight attractive and conmiodious churches, whose pulpits are ever filled by a refined and cultured ministry that attract large and intelligent audiences for the extension of Christianity and church prosperity. The history of the org-anization of the Methodist Protest- ant Church, and the M. E. Church South, by the withdrawal of the members and church congregations from the Metho- dist Episcopal Church, is so' well known that no' reference is required here. BAPTIST CHURCHES. The First Baptist Church of Cambridge is the outgrowth of efforts made from time to- time by several missionaries. In 188 1 a hall was rented and in it preaching established. The corner-stone of the present church was laid July 23, 136 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY 1884, and in the same year the building was constructed, and dedicated November the 2d. It has a seating capacity for about four hundred worshipers, and is an ornament to that part of the town in which it is situated. The present membership is about one hundred, and the pastor is Rev. W. S. B. Ford, of South Carolina. There are two other missionary Baptist churches in the county, one at East New Market and one at Vienna. The latter was organized in 1850. Old Burying Grounds. \ CHAPTER XVI. The oldest marked graves now known of in Dorchester County are on the Huffington Farm, a few miles from Cam- bridge, where there are three, each covered with marble slabs about level with the surface of the ground. Two of them, after having lain there 218 years, are well preserved with legible inscriptions. On one is the following: "Here Lyeth Interred The Body of Magdelen Stevens, who departed this life, Nov. 24, Anno Dom. 1679." On another: "Here Lyeth Interred The Body of WilHam Stevens, who departed this life, December, Anno Dom. 1684." On another tomb beside these twO' is a flaked and broken slab, indicating greater age, on which no legible words can be found, owing to its decayed condition. PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH CEMETERY, CAMBRIDGE. Christ Protestant Episcopal Church, that stands in the comer of the cemetery lot, casts its morning shadows over an arc of hallowed ground, the tenanted home of departed nundreds, whom the "Death Angel" hath gathered, some untimely, within the last 200 years. In this little city of the dead many precious emblems have been placed by the ten- derest love of the living in their day, in devoted remembrance of life's sweetest associations in the past, with those who there repose in the earthly chambers of death. About this old cemetery and its early environs, the stately ancient brick wall, and old iron gates, oft left "ajar," where the wintry night winds moan their sad requiems in the barren boughs of leafless trees, and the pale moonbeams fall on 138 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY many marble sentinels keeping their constant vigil over the mortal remains of departed spirits, there is a feeling of solem- nity, and pedestrians reverentially tread as they pass that way. Many of the oldest graves in this churchyard are not marked with inscribed tablets or monuments of stone tO' denote who were there buried. Among the old memorials we find the following: "Here hes the body of Sarah, the wife of Doct. Wm. M. Murray, who departed this life Nov. 19, 1742." "Here lies the body of Major Thomas Nevitt, who' departed this life the loth day of February, Annoque Domini 1748-9, aged sixty-four years and six months." "There's a gloomy vale between us, Pass through, I'm gone before." "John Rider Nevitt, unfortunately drowned in the river Choptank on the 13th of April, 1772." "In memory of John Murray, Attorney at Law. Son of Wil- liam and Frances Murray of Somerset County. He died on the 13th day of April, 1772, in the 31 year of his age." On one tomb are tw^o memorial inscriptions, as follow : "In memory of Mrs. ^^''illamina Goldsborough. wife of Charles Goldsborough, Daughter of Rev. Dr. Wm. Smith of Philadelphia. "Died Dec. 19. 1790, aged 28 years." Also: "To the memory of Willaniina Elizabeth Goldsborough. Her mournful parents inscri1:)e this tablet. "Called from this mortal scene in bloom of life, Here lies a much loved daughter, mother, wife. To whom each grace and excellence were given, A Saint on Earth, an Angel now in Heaven." OLD BURYING GROUNDS 1 39 FAMILY BURYING GROUND IN LAKES, FARM "KEENE'S DELIGHT." "In Memory of Matthew Keene. Esq., who was born Jan. 1st, 1763, and departed this Hfe Oct. 22, 1814, in the 57 year of his age. "Long win the affections of an amiable and virtuous Father hve in the bleeding hearts of his disconsolate children." "In memory of Sallie Keene, consort of Matthew Keene. Esq. who departed this life in the 47 year of her life, Dec. 4. 1804." "In memory of John Keene, died Jan. 8, 18 12, 76 year of his age." "In memory of Catherine, wife of John Keene. who was born Nov. 1784; departed this life in 1856." M. E. CHURCH CEMETERY, CAMBRIDGE. "In memory of David Straughn born April 15, 1800 — Died March 14, 1869." "Sacred to the memory of Dr. Edward White who de- parted this life the 27th March 1826 in the 72nd year of his age. "It may truly be said of this great and good man that he lived respected and died lamented not only by his near rela- tives, but by all who knew his worth. "Those virtues which adorn the man of firm friendship, stern integrity and genuine Christianity were exemplified in an eminent degree during the whole of his long and useful life. "Early in life when the Declaration of 1776 was read, sum- moning the patriots to arms in defence of our most sacred 140 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY rights he stepped forward and the day we continue to cele- brate he was a soldier equipped at his own personal expense. "For nearly thirty years he has been an experimental and practical Christian, his house a home for ministers of the Gospel and his liberal hand always ready to contribute to their support. "The poor partook eagerly of his benevolence and the afflicted had the benefit of his medical skill (when poor, with- out fee or reward * * )." "Sacred to the memory of Mrs. Mary White, relict of the late Doctor Edw. White, who departed this life, Sept. 27 — A. D. — 1833 — in the 70th year of her age." "In memory of Mrs. Elizabeth Warfield — daughter of Dr. Edward White who departed this life Dec. the 5th 18 — aged 35 years." *'Dr. Francis P. Phelps, born Jan. 31, 1799 — Died Nov. 18, 1886." On the Mitchell farm near Corner's Ville, a grave stone has this inscription : "John lyritchell, Senr. Departed this Hfe in 181 5, in the io6th year of his age." Elections and Political History. CHAPTER XVII. ELECTIONS — VOTING QUALIFICATIONS — METHOD OF VOTING — ELECTION DIS- TRICTS — JUDGES OF ELECTION — DIVISION OF COUNTY INTO HUNDREDS — DIVISION INTO ADDITIONAL DISTRICTS— POLITICAL HISTORY OF THE COUNTY. From 1687 to 1800 all elections for county officers in Dorchester County and members of the Assembly of Mary- land were held at Cambridge, and every voter who had the required qualifications, fifty acres of land, or forty pounds sterling in money or personal property, who decided to vote was obliged to go there to exercise his rights, not by casting a ballot but viva voce; that is, the voters told the Judge or Judges of the election the names of the persons for whom they proposed tO' vote. The Sheriff of the county was then Judge of the election and made the official returns of the result. At some period of the 112 years of this method of elections, the polls were kept open four days in succession for the convenience of voters who lived in remote parts of the county; for instance, in the locality of places now known as Denton, Hillsborough and Greensborough. In 1799 a Commission was appointed to divide the county into Election Districts, likely for the convenience of the voters. The divisions made by the Commissioners were outlined and defined as follows: "All that part of the county laying to^ the Eastward of the following lines, to wit: Beginning at the Mouth of Chica- nacomico River and up said river to the head thereof, as has been laid off heretofore, till it intersects the main road by Mrs. Minor's, thence with that road to Mr. Henry Dickin- son's on the head of Secretary Creek, including New Mar- ket with the dwelling house of Mr. James Sulivane, together 142 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY with the dwelling house of said Henry Dickinson, and the several islands heretofore laid off and belonging to said dis- trict, tO' wit : Elliott's Island and the adjacent islands to compose the first district and the place of holding the elec- tion in said district at the plantation of John Reed, Esquire, called Reeds Grove. "All that part of the said county that lyeth to the South- ward and Westward of the following lines, to wit : Beginning at the mouth of the Little Choptank River and running up the same to the mouth of Fishing Creek, then up said creek to the mouth of Church Creek, then up Church Creek to the head thereof to the house formerly occupied by Capt. Nathan Wright, from thence down the Black Water road to the new road made by John Williams and Thomas Colsten, and with that road to Black Water River near William Reed's plan- tation, then down said river to the mouth thereof, includ- ing all the islands heretofore laid off for said district, to wit : Hopkins Island and adjacent islands to compose the second district and the place of holding the election in said district at the dwelling" house of Jacob Todd, hereafter to be known by the name of Toddsville. "All that part of Dorchester County not included in the first and second districts to compose the third district, and the place of holding election in said district at Cambridge in the Court House. "April 8, 1800. (Seal.) Moses LeCompte. (Seal.) Rob. Dennis. (Seal.) Wm. M. Robertson. (Seal.) Sam. Hooper. (Seal.) E. Richardson." FIRST DIVISION OF THE COUNTY INTO HUNDREDS. The first political divisions of Dorchester County were hundreds, of which there is no of^cial record to be found COUNTY DIVIDED INTO DISTRICTS I43 of their boundary lines, but the locations of the hundreds are recognizable by their names. They were laid out prior to 1689, when there were few roads through the vast forests which were only bounded by creeks, streams and other bodies of water. The names of the hundreds were : 1. Great Choptank Hundred. 2. Nanticoke Hundred. 3. Transquaking- Hundred. 4. Fishing Creek Hundred. 5. Little Choptank Hundred. 6. Hermitage (or Armitage) Hundred. 7. Straits Hundred. 8. Cambridge Hundred. These divisions of the county were recognized in the appointment of constables, road overseers and other district officials, but were not election districts. They were retained as county divisions until 1829 when the county was divided into eight election districts herein named. COUNTY DIVIDED INTO EIGHT DISTRICTS. In 1829 a commission was appointed by Act of the Assem- bly of Maryland that divided the county into eight election districts, namely: Fork, East New Market, Vienna, Par- son's Creek, Lakes, Hooper's Island, Cambridge and Neck. Since then at different times some districts have been divided or subdivided and new ones made until sixteen election dis- tricts have been laid out, two of which have been divided into precincts, viz : Cambridge into four precincts and Straits three. From 1773 to 1880 the division line between Dorchester and Caroline Counties extended along the roads and streets that then divided the town of Federalsburg into two civil divisions, which was detrimental to its municipal growth. In 1880 every voter, seventy in number, that lived in the part of the town lying in Dorchester County, petitioned the Legisla- 144 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY ture to change the boundary Hne and transfer the part of the town and suburbs then laid of¥ in Dorchester County to , CaroHne County, which was authorized and accordingly transferred. By that transfer, Dorchester County lost about three hundred inhabitants and fifty thousand dollars' worth of taxable property. The taxpayers thus transferred paid $614 to Dorchester County, their proportion of the bonded debt of the county. POLITICAL HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY. Before Dorchester County was organized in 1669, the peo- ple in colonial Maryland had formed, at least, two political parties, based partly on the Whig and Tory principles of England, but largely on religious creeds, which were so radically conflicting at that period as tO' excite at times intense prejudice, persecution and violence in one of the ruling parties of the province when in official control. In the Protestant Revolution of 1689, the people in the county seem to have been passive and to have readily submitted to the rule of the Revolutionists and to the establishment of royal control without noticeable dis- sent, probably because the great majority of them were Protestants. This political change brought no good times to Marylanders, and when the royal governors and council, with the radical Assemblies laid heavy taxes for use of the King's officers, provincial expenses, and "forty pounds per poll" for church support with compulsory attendance at church on the Sabbath, and adopted other restrictive measures that would not permit Catholics to hold either public or private religious worship or have schools for their children at home or send them abroad to be educated, a wide- spread opposition arose to the King's rule, which found only partial redress after twenty-four years' forbearance, when the Proprietary government was reestablished in 171 5. This < relief that gradually came before the Revolution of '76 was POLITICAL PARTIES 145 counteracted by other difficulties that involved political dif- ferences. As the colonists had been heavily taxed under the rule of royalty, they were not disposed to levy large amounts for the use of the Proprietary and his salaried officials in the province. Thus the adherents of the Proprietar}^ and his council on one side and the people who chose the Assemblies on the other side, constituted two distinct parties in each county. For forty years of this period the Dorchester Dele- gates elected to the Assemblies (among whom were Henry Hooper, Bartholomew Ennalls, Jr., Thomas Woolford, Daniel Sulivane, Henry Travers, Philemon LeCompte and many other prominent members) firmly opposed Proprie- tary aggressions and gradually gained concessions of advan- tage to the people. English restrictions on colonial trade also became so intolerant that local differences over home affairs faded into insignificance before graver dangers that threatened the destruction of sacred rights belonging to Maryland colonists. Though this overwhelming sentiment against coercion by England was so strong, yet there existed weak factions of opposition in every county, Dorchester not excepted, that were derisively called Tories during and after the Revolution. Some Tories in Dorchester County were arrested while the war was being waged and were obliged to take the oath of allegiance to the State, or be held as political prisoners whose sympathies and conduct gave support to England, and who endangered American independence. Prominent Tories w^ere obliged to leave the county and country during or after the close of the war. Throughout the Revolution there was practically but one political party in the county and State, but after the restora- tion of peace and plans for a Federal government were dis- cussed, different opinions on a matter of such vital interest :to the people, developed two: parties, "Federalists" and "Anti-Federalists." The first favored and the latter opposed the adoption of the Federal Constitution. Just here it is 10 146 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY quite appropriate to say that the people of Dorchester County were not all absolute followers of distinguished leaders elsewhere, but that notable men of influence repre- sented the county and prominently helped to construct our union of States under the Federal Constitution. After its adoption in 1788 and the nomination of George Washington for President, the Anti-Federalists were left without an issue on which to base an opposition. This fact well explains how the vote of Dorchester was cast at that election. Then Wash- ington, Jefferson, Madison and Randolph were all Federalists, but the party policy then adopted by Hamilton and other leaders in regard to national finances and the centralizing ten- dency of the powers of the general government as then admin- istered aroused the opposition of Thomas Jefferson, Madison and Randolph, who organized the "Republican" party. Their policy, influenced and equally divided the electoral vote of Maryland in 1800, giving Adams and Pinkney five votes and Jefferson and Burr five, though the Dorchester and Car- oline Elector, Mr. Robinson, a Federalist, was elected. Party leaders in the county who followed the Hon. John Henry, who had served in the Continental Congress, United States Senate and who was elected Governor of the State November 13, 1797, still kept the county under Federal control. HOW DORCHESTER VOTED AND WHO WERE ELECTED IN THOSE DAYS. It may interest some politician to discover that party men could change their political course a hundred years ago, when policies justified it, as readily as men do now for vari- ous causes. From the Baltimore Anicrican and Federal Gazette, some election returns from Dorchester County about that period are here in part given {tinofficiaUy) : In 1802 Solomon Frazier, Isaac Steele, Chas. Golds- borough, and Mathew Keene, all Federalists, were elected CANDIDATES FOR OFFICE I47 Delegates to^ the General Assembly. At this session James Murray was a candidate before the Assembly for Governor. In 1803 Goldsborough, Frazier, Keene, and Josiah Bayly, all Federalists, were chosen for the Assembly. HUNGRY APPLICANTS FOR OFFICE IN THE COUNTY NINETY-NINE YEARS AGO. In 1803 there was a vacancy in the office of Register of Wills in Dorchester County, to be filled by the General Assembly of Maryland. The following named gentlemen were candidates before the Senate and House : George Ward, Ezekiel Richardson, John E. Gist, Samuel Brown. Howes Goldsborough, John Murray. John Craig, James B. Sullivan, Wm. W. Eccleston, John Crapper and Daniel McDonnell. On November the 25th, John Crapper was elected, receiving 44 votes. Ezekiel Richardson, who was next highest, received 31 votes. In 1804 Solomon Frazier, Josiah Bayly, Federalists, and Joseph Ennalls and John Eccleston, claimed as Federalists, were elected Delegates. In 1805 Frazier, Ennalls, George Ward, and John Smoot represented the county in the Assembly. In 1806 Frazier, Ward. Smoot, and Robert Dennis were the Delegates. Hon. Charles Goldsborough was elected to Congress, the vote in the district being, Charles Golds- borough, Federalist, 3143; Philip Quinton, Republican, 1366. In Dorchester, Goldsborough received 1680 votes and Quinton 59 votes. In 1807 Dennis, Ennalls, Frazier and Hugh Henry were elected Members of the House. In 1808 Ennalls, Frazier, Dennis and Edward Griffith were the Delegates; Ennalls being Republican, the others Federalists. Smoot, a Republican, lost his election by the rejection of one or twO' votes. In 1809 Benjamin W. LeCompte, Edward Griffith, Solo- mon Frazier, Michael Lucas, Federalists, were elected by 148 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY 200 majority over the Republicans, patriots as well as politi- cians, Frederick Bennett, John Smoot and others. In 1810 Delegates Frederick Bennett, Washington Eccleston, Republicans; Solomon Frazier and John Stewart, Federalists, were the people's choice. In 181 1 Joseph Ennalls, Frederick Bennett and John Smoot were the Democrats elected under a new party name and Edward Griffith, a Federalist. In 181 1 the following resolution was adopted by the House : ''Resolved, That the Treasurer of the Western Shore, * * * pay annually in quarter payments, to Frederick Bennett, of Dorchester County, an old revolutionary soldier, the half-pay of a corporal during the remainder of his life as a remuneration for his meritorious services." 1812, October 6. Votes for Congressmen, Delegates and Sheriff were : Congressmen: Chas. Goldsborough, Federalist, 1197; Williams, Democrat and Republican, 729. Delegates: Federalists, Jno. Stewart, 1159; Benj. LeCompte, 1156; Ed. Griffith, 1125; Rich. Tootle, 1154. Democrat and Republican, Eccleston, 738; Geoghegan, 781; Waters, 755; Bennett, 729. Sheriff: Federalist, Pattison, 1125. Democrat and Republican, Harper, 822. A majority of the people in Dorchester were evidently opposed to the War of 181 2, as shown by their vote. 1813. Assembly vote was: Federalists. Stewart, 1148; Griffith, 1133; Tootle, 1139; LeCompte, 1137. Democrat and Republican, Lake, 728; Waggaman, 718; Sanford, 717; Geoghegan, 706. In 1814 the same Delegates were reelected, evidently Federalists, namely: John Stewart, Richard Tootle, Benj. W. LeCompte and Edward Griffith. CANDIDATES FOR OFFICE I49 In 1815 Robert Hart, a Federalist, was elected in the place of Mr. Tootle. 1816. The Assembly vote was: Federalists, Ed. Griffith, 882; B. W. LeCompte, 889; R. Hart, 886; T. Pitt, 890. Democrat and Republican, Sol. Frazier, 555; J. Willis, 549; L. Lake, 557; A, S. Stanwood, 557. 1817. Thos. Pitt, B. W. LeCompte, Henry Keene, Ed. Griffith, Federalists, were Members of the House of Dele- gates. In 1818, October 5, there was a close vote for Delegates, as follows : Federalists, B. W. LeCompte, 898; Thos. Pitt, 876; Henry Keene, 876; Edward Griffith, 865. Democrats, Solomon Frazier, 890; Wm. W. Eccleston, 888; Levin Lake, 878; J. R. W. Pitt, 834. Charles Goldsborough was elected Governor by the Leg- islature. The vote cast for Assembly candidates October 2, 1820, was: Republican, Wm. W. Eccleston, 1020; Levin Lake, 1009; Solomon Frazier, 999; George Lake, 998. Federalists, B. W. LeCompte, 998; Michael Lucas, 988; Edward Griffith, 988; Daniel Jackson, 962. There was a tie vote between George Lake and B. W. LeCompte. The Assembly vote for Governor at this session was 48 for Samuel Spriggs and 46 for Charles Goldsborough. 1824, October 4. Jackson Elector, Josiah Bayly. For John Q. Adams, Daniel Martin. House of Delegates elected: Jno. N. Steele, 1018 votes; Thos. L. H. Eccleston, 944 JVofe. — At the election of 1818 soldiers from Fort McHenry and marines from a U. S. Frigate were marched in squads to the polls in Baltimore and voted, though they were mostly non-residents. Only one soldier is said to have voted the Democratic ticket, still the Federal ticket was beaten in the city. See American. 150 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY votes; Mathias Travers, 891 votes; Dr. Daniel Sulivane, 957 votes. Sheriff, Thos. H. Hicks. 1053 votes. As the years passed, party names were changed for local effect. In 1821 tickets were headed "National Republican" by one party and by the other "Jackson." In 1823 the word "Federalist" was again used. In 1827 the "Adminis- tration" ticket for the Assembly elected three Delegates, J. F. Williams, George Lake and B. J. Goldsborough; and on the "Jackson" ticket, John Douglass. In 1828 it was this way: "Adams" Delegates, Francis E. Phelps, Thomas Eccleston, Martin Wright, elected; "Jackson" Delegate. Mathew Hard- castle, elected. October 5, 1829, the vote for House Members was: "Anti-Jackson," John N. Steele, 913*; Brice J. Golds- borough, 913*; Thos. H. Hicks, 863*; Matthias Travers, 826. "Jackson," James A. Stewart, 845; Joseph Ennalls, 800; Mathew Hardcastle, 885*; Henry C. Elbert, 832. In 1830 the "Anti-Jackson" ticket was elected by the vote here given : Assembly Delegates : "Anti-Jackson," Thos. H. Hicks, 1126; Benj. G. Keene, 1 126; Jno. N. Steele, 11 12; Martin L. Wright, 1094. "Jackson," Jas. A. Stewart, 1009; M. Hardcastle, 916; Smart, 828; Goldsborough, 809. At the election, held October i, 1832, Jno. N. Steele, Clay Elector, received 958 votes, and James A. Stewart, the Jackson Elector, 668. In 1833, October 7, the Congressional vote in the county was 963 for Jas. A. Stewart and 857 for L. P. Dennis, who was elected to Congress by 200 majority. *Elected. Note. — It has not been nor will it be the author's intention to express his private opinion on National or State Administrations in order to show what effect or influence they may have had on the politics of the people in Dorchester County at any period. THE LEGISLATURE I5I LEGISLATIVE TICKETS. "National Republican," M. L. Wright, 934; J. F. Eccles- ton, 830; Robert Griffith, 1028. "Nominated Ticket," J. Nichols, 886; H. L. McNamare, 949- For the last eight or ten years prior tO' 1836 the average Whig majorities had been about 1500 in the State of Mary- land, which went for Harrison that year by 3684 majority. The vote in Dorchester for Delegates and Sheriff was: Delegates: Whig, T. H. Hicks, 1085; J. Q. H. Eccles- ton, 1065; B. G. Keene, 1071; Wm. Folengin, 1142. Van Buren, John Rowens, 831; Rich. Pattison, 829; Henry Keene, 842; L. D. Travers, 823. Sherifif: Whig, James Waddell, iioi. Van Buren, Henry Cook, 834. In 1839, October 2, the Congressional vote in the county gave Dennis, a Whig, 170 majority over Jas. A. Stewart, a Van Buren Democrat. In 1840 the Whig Delegates received, by districts, the following vote : Jacobs. Keene. Frazier. Tall. Fork 62 52 52 52 East New Market 165 146 147 140 Vienna 140 141 143 140 Parson's Creek 91 94 93 96 Lakes 262 262 262 262 Hooper's Island 62 62 61 61 Cambridge 253 265 252 251 Neck 95 98 103 97 In the House of Delegates there were 60 Whigs and 19 Van Burenites; in the Senate, 15 Whigs and 6 Van Burenites. Cambridge, Md., July 19, 1841. The Whig Convention nominated the following ticket : For the Legislature, Joseph R. Eccleston, Levin Richard- son, Dr. Joseph Nichols and Wm. K. Travers. 152 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY County Commissioiiers, John N^ewton, John Muir and Samuel Harrington. At the election, October 6, the vote was : Governor: Whig, Johnson, 1142. Locofoco,^ Thomas, 816. House of Delegates: Whig, Eccleston, 11 65; Nichols, 1094; Travers, 1090; Richardson, 1092. Locofocos, Jackson, 845; Cannon, 823; Hooper, 820; Ennalls, 794. HENRY CLAY FIRST NAMED IN BALTIMORE. From the American, August 25, 1842: "Maryland — Mr. Clay. "It will be seen by the proceedings of the Whig State Con- vention, which are given in detail in this morning's American, including the address to the People of Maryland, that the tried patriot and eminent Statesman, Henry Clay, of Ken- tucky, has been in the name of the Whigs of Maryland, formally and unanimously nominated for the Presidency." The Delegates to this Convention from Dorchester County were J. C. Henry, Joseph Nichols, Henry Page, W. T. Goldsborough, John R. Keene, Reuben Tall, Henry L. McNamara, Jacob Wilson, Thomas F. Eccleston, James Steele, W. B. Chaplain and Levin Keene. A Washington paper, the Washington True Whig, makes the following comment or criticism on Maryland nomina- tions : ^"In the campaign of 1840, in New York, the 'Hard Money Demo- crats,' who opposed chartering State banks, organized an 'Equal Rights' party, called by their opponents 'Locofocos,' a name given by the Whigs to the entire Democratic party at that time. This word was derived from matches used to relight a hall after the lights had been extinguished by their opponents." Possibly the putting out of lights at political meetings was a party trick quite annoying in New York City. CANDIEXATES FOR OFFICE 153 "It was Maryland, in 1836, that first put the names of Har- rison and Tyler together, and Maryland on Wednesday last led the way in recording her regrets for the deed, making the only atonement possible in the case." At the State election, held October 5, the vote for the Leg- islature was : Whigs, Phelps, 912; Travers, 904; LeCompte, 886; Greene, 867. Independent, Henry, 620; Woolford, 609; Abbott, 348. Sheriff: Whig, Wm. B. Dail, 891. Independent, Moore, 717. 1843. October 4. "A most unexpected result is realized in this county, which although decidedly Whig, has elected three Locofoco Delegates and one Whig." Vote as follows: Whig, F. P. Phelps, 914*; Jos. Nichols, 896; L. Richard- son, 859; J. B. Chaplain, 841. Locofocos, Jas. A. Stewart, 993*; John W. Dail, 943*; Daniel Cannon, 900; James Smith, 885. 1845, October. Delegates: Whigs, Boon, 1122; Eccles- ton, 1 129; Frazier, 1121; Jas. Smith, 1064. Locofocos, Rowins, 857; LeCompte, 920; Pearcy, 888: Woolford, 851. In 1844 the Maryland Assembly consisted of 61 Whigs and 21 Locofocos, In 1845, 43 Whigs and 39 Locofocos. 1847, October 6. County vote for Governor: Wliig, Goldsborough, 1281. Locofoco, Thomas, 864. Congress: Whig, Crisfield, 1236. Locofoco, LeCompte, 897. Assembly: Whigs, Keene, 1230; Chaplain, 1257; Hodson, 1262; Tall, 1226. *EIected. 154 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY Locofoco, Robertson, 885; Turpin, 881; Thompson, 883; Cornwell, 857. House had: Whigs, 58; Locofocos, 24. THE NOMINATION OF WM. T. GOLDSBOROUGH. The Whig Convention that nominated Wm. T. Golds- borough met in Cambridge, June 17, 1847. The Dorchester Delegates were Capt. Wm. Sulivane, Levin Keene, Col. Jno. H. Hodson, Reuben Tall and Jas. A. Waddell. "A church festival, held that evening for the benefit of a church, as well as a grand ball given in the town hall by the people, were liberally patronized. A number of the Delegates were invited to Mr. Goldsborough's hospitable mansion, about five miles below Cambridge. As the steamer returned to Baltimore, the boat was run near the shore off Mr. Golds- borough's, and the passengers rent the air with congratula- tions. A loud response from a large company on shore warmly reechoed the salutation." — American. In 1853 a new party, the American party, was originated in New York. Its leaders proposed to stand for universal education, reformation of the naturalization laws, protection of American labor, liberal aid for river and harbor improve- ments, government aid and for the Union Pacific Railroad, and not to interfere with the use of the Bible in public schools. This party sentiment soon took effect in Maryland and became a substitute for Whigism. While the Whig party was disintegrating on National issues, the people in Dorchester County who could not believe in Democratic principles were slow to endorse the anti-slavery leaders and Free-Soilers of the North and West. Being mostly Protestants, they read- ily became "Know-Nothings" and thus controlled the county for a time. At the Congressional election in 1855 the vote in the county for Jas. A. Stewart. 11 18; for Dennis, 1155. Stew- art's majority in the district was 305. In 1856 the vote for President or Electors is here given by districts : TABULATED VOTE 155 American Party. Democratic Party. Fillmore. Buchanan. Fork io6 119 East New Market 112 262 Vienna 69 74 Parson's Creek 121 71 Lakes 166 58 Hooper's Island 71 20 Cambridge 212 185 Neck 130 63 Church Creek 83 35 Straits 184 149 Drawbridge 41 26 1295 1052 Col. James Wallace w^as Fillmore Elector-at-Large. In 1857 the vote for Governor by districts was : Hicks. Groome. Fork 121 105 East New Market 126 258 Vienna loi 52 Parson's Creek 120 81 Lakes 169 65 Hooper's Island 51 , 28 Cambridge 231 161 Neck 126 67 Church Creek 85 48 Straits 138 10 Drawbridge 44 53 13 12 928 The Congressional vote in the county and district was close; Jas. A. Stewart's majority in the county was 10 votes and in the district 19. 156 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY The Legislative ticket, American, was elected; the mem- bers were John W. Dail, Levin Richardson and Horatio G. Graves. In 1859 Charles F. Goldsboroiigh, on the American ticket, was elected State Senator. The Delegates were John R. Keene, American; William Holland and Z. W. Linthicum, Democrats. THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION. i860, November 6. Vote by districts: Bell. Breckenridge. Douglas. Lincoln. Fork 87 145 I EastNewMarket 75 170 9 Vienna 78 96 6 Parson's Creek. 123 88 i 6 Lakes 133 82 2 3 Hooper's Island J'j 50 Cambridge .... 211 209 11 5 Neck ' 147 84 I I Church Creek.. 82 57 .. 8 Straits ....... 156 18 . . 4 ^ Drawbridge ... 41 84 .. i Williamsburg . . 53 102 . . 6 1263 1 185 31 34 ( . Following this surprising election, at which the people chose Abraham Lincoln President, an intense excitement seized the public mind, chiefly brought about by the revolu- tionary attitude assumed by South Carolina and other South- ern States. CHAPTER XVIII. EXCITEMENT PRECEDING THE CIVIL CONFLICT — DIVISION OF PUBLIC SENTI- MENT CAUSED BY THE WAR — THE POLITICAL EFFECT PRODUCED BY "emancipation" — NEGRO SUFFRAGE INTENSELY OPPOSED. In the winter of i860 and 1861, the people in Dorchester County, as in other sections of the State and country, were much excited at the threatened Civil War and dissolution of the Federal Government by the secession of some of the Southern States. Public sentiment divided the people irre- spective of past party association into two classes, the larger class being in favor of maintaining the Federal Union of the States; the other and smaller class in favor of "South- ern Rights," and the secession of Maryland. Bitter controversies and opposing sympathies stirred the people with stronger feelings than were ordinarily enter- tained in party sentiment, which divided members of the same families and firm friends of past years to the extent of becoming bitter and even, in some cases, belligerent enemies. This inflamed state of public feeling was gradually suppressed by the Federal soldiery who were quartered in many parts of the State during the year 1861. The introduction of the war and early battles influenced • many patriots to volunteer in the army of their choice to fight for the principles they personally proposed to main- tain.^ For several years, or during the war, the people in the county felt the restrictions and great inconvenience of army regulations, though not much of the time under a military guard. Any person from the county who went to Baltimore could not return home on sail or steam vessels without a pass ^In this volume is published the names of a number of soldiers who served in the Federal and Confederate Armies from Dorchester County. 158 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY from the Provost Marshal in the city, a restriction that lasted for months. As the war continued and the emancipation proclamation came, there arose a change in the political sentiment of the people, many of whom were by the law of military necessity deprived from voting at the general elections, by military guards, unless they took the oath of "allegiance," which some refused to do. During this war period the high prices of farm products and the large amount of money in circulation, induced some of the industrious and business people to engage in various enterprises to the extent of allaying party feelings on both sides, which did not revive again until the right of "suffrage" was given the negroes in 1869, when a majority of the people (who' were Democrats), became fired anew with intense opposition to Republican methods in their generous way of bestowing civil rights. Some white voters then refused to vote at the polls with the negroes, who were timid in casting their first ballot, but did vote almost solid for the Republican nominees. In almost every local campaign since then the Democratic issue has been made on the negro in politics and negro suffrage. The great bulk of the colored voters have, ever since they were enfranchised, cooperated with the white Republican voters in making a party ticket of white men in the county and State, and the only ticket possible to elect. The colored voters have shown good judgment in party affairs not to contend for elective offices which they know they cannot obtain, owing to the race prejudice that exists from Maine to Florida, and from California to Maryland. Outside of politics, labor disturbances between whites and blacks in different parts of the country strongly show the extent and effect of race prejudice. Miscellaneous History (Colonial). CHAPTER XIX. LOCATION OF PROPRIETARY MANORS — A LAND TRADE AND REFERENCE TO PETER UNDERWOOD — "JOHn's POINT," WOOLFORD's HOME — COPY OF PATENT FOR LAND FOR TRANSPORTING SETTLERS — SOME OLD FERRIES — QUIT-RENTS AND RENT ROLLS — ACADIAN EXILES FROM NOVA SCOTIA — CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS — CIRCUIT COURT DISTRICTS — SKETCH OF THE JUDICIARY — MEMBERS OF THE BAR AT CAMBRIDGE — TAX ON BACHELORS — MARRIAGE REQUIREMENTS — ROBERT MORRIS; HIS STORE AT CAMBRIDGE; PRICES OF MERCHANDISE THERE. LOCATION OF PROPRIETARY MANORS. The first manor laid out for the Proprietary, after the formation of Dorchester County, was the manor of "PhilHps Burg," in 1670, for PhilHp Calvert, on Transquaking River, along Phillip's Creek, later called Chicanicomico River, at the first landing coming in the river. Nanticoke Manor was also laid out; that contained 4775 acres. Later these manors were granted in lots to suit pur- chasers, and quit rents laid on them. Nanticoke Manor bor- dered on the Nanticoke River and North West Fork, above the town of Vienna. The Land Records show that a number of private manors were laid out for prominent people in Dorchester County — "Lockerman's Manor," "Warwick Fort Manor," and others. Some were proprietary grants, and others consolidated tracts under the right of resurvey. A LAND TRADE AND REFERENCE TO PETER UNDERWOOD. In the Land Records at Cambridge there is recorded j deed from EHzabeth Underwood and Judith Underwood, l6o HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY daughter and niece of Peter Uuderwood, who sold one-haif of "Castle Haven" land, fifty acres, to John Harwood, in con- sideration of one hundred acres of land in Talbot County, August 2, 1 69 1. By Act of Assembly, in 1674, Peter Underwood was the first person authorized to sell spirituous liquors in Dorchester County. He was brought into the Province of Maryland in 1654, when eighteen years of age, by Mr. Mears. His first master, to whom he was sold, was Peter Johnson, in Calvert County. "JOHN'S POINT," COLONIAL HOME OF THE WOOLFORDS. "John's Point," a tract of land lying on Little Choptank River, on the east side of Tobacco Stick Creek, was surv^eyed November 24, 1665, containing 200 acres, for John Hodson. Some time after 1668 this land became the property of Bar- tholomew Ennalls, who, by his will, made in 1688, be- queathed it to his daughter Elizabeth, wife of Col. Roger Woolford. and it w^as formally conveyed to Roger Woolford and EHzabeth, his wife, by John Ennalls, brother of Ehzabeth Woolford, August 5, 1695. A part of this tract, upon which is the oldest brick building in the country (see cut), has been successively held by some lineal descendant of Roger Woolford down to the present time. Which of the owners of "John's Point" built this quaint old building, with walls two' feet thick and peculiar little windows, is not absolutely known, but events and cir- cumstances, based on family tradition, point to John Hodson or Hudson as the builder. The Woolfords claimed that the first County Court was held there, and that it was also- used as a jail, evidently before the county seat was removed to Cambridge, in 1687. John Hodson was one of the County Justices in 1674. and it is quite as probable that the County Court was held at his house as at any other private house in that section, where the first courts were held between 1669 and 1674. WOOLFORD'S COLONIAL HOME, BROOKS' CREEK. AN EARLY PATENT l6l PATENT No. I, COPY OF Patent for land granted for transporting settlers to the Province of Maryland: William Tones, ) ^ ... -n , , > Cecilms, etc. Patent. ) Know ye that we for and in consideration that John Rus- sel of the County of Dorchester in our S'd Province of Mary- land, planter, hath due him lOO acres of land within our said province for Transporting Sussanna Hannough, and W. Cary Hatton here to Inhabit whose right Title and Interest of in and to the said loo acres of Land the s'd Jno Russell hath assigned and sett over unto William Jones of the Same County as appears upon Record and upon such Conditions and Terms as are Expressed in our Conditions of Plantations of our s'd province of Maryland under our Greater Seal at Arms bearing Date at London, on the second day of July in the year of our Lord God 1649, with such alterations as in them is made by Declaration bearing Date the 22d Day of September anno 1650, and Remaining upon Record in our said province of Maryland Do hereby grant unto him the said William Jones all that Tract or Parcel of Land Called (All three of us) lying on the East side of Chesapeake Bay in a River Called Limboe Harbour, and in a Creek of the said River Called Russells Creek on the East side of the said Creeks. Beginning at a marked pine standing in a marsh, and from the said pine running for Breadth South West fifty perches to a marked white Oak bounded on the North West with a line drawn South East for a length into the Woods Three Hundred and twenty perches bounding on the South West with a line drawn North East fifty Perches, Bounding on the South East with a line drawn North West Three hun- dred and twenty perches, with the first bounded tree and now laid out for 100 Acres more or less. Together with all Rights, Profits and Benefits thereunto belonging (royal Man- ors Excepted) To have and to Hold the same unto him the said William Jones his Heirs and assigns for ever to be 11 l62 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY holders of Us and our Heirs as of our Manor of Nanticoke, of free and Common soccage by Fealty only for all manner of services yielding and paying therefore yearly untO' us and our Heirs at our Receipt of St. Mary's at the two most usuall Feasts in the year, Vizt, at the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, and at the feast of St. Michael the Archangle by even and equal portions of the Rent of 4 s. Sterling in Silver or Gold and for a fine upon every Alienation of the said Land or any part or parcel thereof, one whole year's Rent in Silver or Gold or the full Value thereof in such Com- odities as we or our Heirs or such Ofificer or Ol^cers ap- pointed by us or our Heirs from this time to time tO' Collect and receive the same shall accept in Discharge thereof at the Choice of Us or our Heirs or such officers or officer a fd. Pro- vided that, if the said William Jones his Heirs or Assigns shall not pay unto us or our Heirs or such officer or officers a'f'd the said Sume for a fine before such Alienation, and Enter the said Alienation upon Record either in the Provincial Court or County Court where the said Parcel of Land lyeth within one Month next after such Afienation the said Alienacon Shall be void and of none Effect, Given at our City of Saint Maries under our great Seal of our Sd. Province of Mary- land the 6th Day of September in the 39th year of our Dom- inion over our Sd Province Annog Domi V 1673 — In Testimony, That the aforegoing is a true Copy taken from liber Vi, 14 folio 83 o^ne of the Record Books belong- ing to the Land Office of the Province of Maryland, I have hereunto set my hand and affixed the seal of the said office, 20th Day of September Annog Domini 1769 Test. Wm. Steuart Clk Sd Office. SOME OLD FERRIES. Ferries were first established by Acts of Assembly. The first of record in Dorchester County was across the Chop- tank from Talbot County to Dorchester; the next, across the Nanticoke, from Dorchester County to Somerset. They were established for public convenience in 1671. RENT ROLLS AND QUIT RENTS 163 In later years, as the county grew in population others were needed and in 1690, one was in operation between Cas- tle Haven and Clora's Point, on the Choptank River, — "sal- ary paid, four thousand (4,000) lbs. of tobacco, in casks." In 1786 the ferry over Fishing Creek, to Hooper's Island, was kept by John Griffith for an annual salary of fifteen pounds. The required capacity of the boat was for carry- ing four men and four horses at one trip. At Crotcher's Ferry, John Sears was keeper — salary, twenty-five pounds. In 1787 a ferry over Chesapeake Bay, from Tar Bay, to the mouth of the Patuxent River, was kept by Richard Tubman — salary, fifty pounds. The ferry charge on a four-wheel car- riage, was one pound and fifteen shillings. In 1788 a ferry from Cambridge, over the Choptank to- Talbot shore, was kept by Dan Akers, at a salary of fifty pounds. In 1786 "The Court agreed with Elizabeth Travers, widow of Henry, to keep the ferry over Slaughter Creek, from the main to where the said Henry formerly lived, upon the fol- lowing terms, to wit; She is to keep constantly and in good order a sufficient boat that will safely carry six passengers and three horses at once, with two able bodied hands to attend the said ferry; and is to be allowed at the rate of thirty- seven pounds and ten shillings Current money by the year for keeping the same; and the Court have named in Current money, the prices of ferriages at the said ferry, for strangers, their horses, and carriages at the following rates to wit : — 'For a single passenger, 6d. ; for a. single passenger and horse, is.; for a two-wheel carriage, 2s., 6d.; for a wagon, 5s." RENT ROLLS AND QUIT RENTS. On all lands granted in Maryland, by the Lord Proprie- tary to settlers in his province under his "condition of plan- tation," he reserved an interest in each grant, and stipulated an annual land-rent to be paid by the grantee, for two pur- poses; the first was to satisfy a demand of allegiance to the Proprietary from the freeholders, for other claims of service as subjects of his Lordship's realm; and the second, though 164 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY small in separate charges, yet large in the aggregate, — was his source of personal revenue, which annually amounted to a handsome income. During and after the Revolution of 1776, the quit rents were unpaid and became in arrears. Henry Harford's arrear claim on Nanticoke Manor and other lands in the county, at 18 farthings per acre, amounted to £4297, Sio, in No- vember, 1786. ACADIAN EXILES FROM NOVA SCOTIA SCAT- TERED IN DORCHESTER COUNTY. In 1756, when the entire colony of French "Acadians of Nova Scotia" was barbarously deported and distributed like cattle throughout the American colonies, three vessel loads were brought to Maryland, one of which was sent to Oxford for distribution in Talbot and Dorchester Counties. Their unexpected arrival and no preparation to receive and protect them in wintry weather, made strong appeals for pity and help from the benevolent people of the county whose charity saved them from starving at once. At the April session of the Assembly, 1757, an Act was passed to empower the Justices of Dorchester and other counties to make provisions for their support to some extent. Somewhere in the old documents of the Court at Cambridge there must be an interesting record of what was done for those helpless people of various ages and different sexes who could not speak or understand English. Dependent on vol- unteer charity for bread and shelter, soon after their arrival, a broken-hearted mother, separated from all her family, died homeless and friendless in Dorchester County. Might she not have been the mother of Longfellow's "Gabriel" or somebody's "Evangeline?" CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS INCLUDING DORCHESTER COUNTY. The Eighth Congressional District laid out in 1791 was made up of Dorchester, Somerset and Worcester Counties. MEMBERS OF THE CAMBRIDGE BAR 165 The Fourth District for holding- County Courts designated in 1796 embraced Caroline, Dorchester, Somerset and Wor- cester Counties. In 185 1 the first Judicial District was made up of Dorches- ter, Somerset and Worcester Counties. In 1868 Wicomico was included in the district. SKETCH OF THE JUDICIARY. The first courts in Dorchester County, from 1669 to 1791, were composed of leading or prominent men in the county, appointed by the Governor and Council under the title of Commissioners, but judicially known as Justices of the Quo- rum, and Justices who organized as a court at the time of regular court sittings. After 1791 to 1806, the law required that the chief justices should be lawyers by profession, and be assisted at county courts by two of the States Justices. In 1806 and thereafter the Bench was composed of professional lawyers. In 185 1 the Bench under the Constitution was re- duced from three judges to one judge and made an elective office by the people. Under the Constitution of 1867, the three judge system was adopted, elective, and is still in force. Prior to 185 1 the First Judicial District was the Fourth Dis- trict. EARLY AND LATE MEMBERS OF THE CAMBRIDGE BAR. In 1692 the first lawyers admitted to practice in the New Court, then organized at Cambridge, were : Philip Pitt, Ben- jamin Hunt, Charles Powell, and Gourney Crow. In 1902 the bar numbers about twenty-eight attorneys at law, namely : Sewell T. Milbourne, Col. Clement Sulivane, James W. Waddell, Robert G. Henry, Col. William O. Mitchell, James S. Shepherd, John R. Pattison, Emerson C. Harrington, Phillips L. Goldsborough, Thos. W. Simmons. Irving R. Mace, Joseph H. Johnson, William H. Barton, William Hur- 1 66 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY loick, Alfred Stewart, James Higgins, John G. Mills, Willard E. West, W. Laird, Henry J. Watson Thompson, Fred. H. Fletcher, T. Sangston Insley,Thos. E. Latimer, W. Hamilton Spedden, C. L. Northrop, and S. E. W. Camper, colored. A TAX ON BACHELORS FOR THE KING'S REVENUE. A committee was appointed by Act of Assembly, May, 1756, toi make a report on the bills of credit and dues that remain for his Majesty's service, with the balance in the "Iron Pot," and revenues derived from various sources. In the report made by Charles Dickinson, of Dorchester County, in the tax list were these items : "1756 — tO' the 15th of October in the same year, £31, S16, do., batchelors; £55, S18, do., liquors." The annual tax on each bachelor was levied according to financial worth, a single man twenty-five years of age or over, worth one hundred pounds, and not over three hundred pounds, was taxed fifteen shillings; if worth more than three hundred pounds, twenty shillings was the annual tax. MARRIAGE. Requirements for legal marriages interesting to those con- templating matrimonial union : The laws of the State of Maryland require Ecclesiastical authority over "Matrimonial Causes" and prevents marriages from being a civil contract alone, some religious ceremony of legal recognition must be used. Maryland is the only State in the Union "that requires church consent to make marriage legal." ROBERT MORRIS, PRICES OF MERCHANDISE IN HIS STORE AT CAMBRIDGE. There is nothing disclosed in history of the early life of Robert Morris, who was one of the conspicuous figures of ROBERT morris' LEDGER 1 67 American history during- the Revokition. But recently there has been found in the office of the Clerk of the Circuit Court for Dorchester County, an old ledger inscribed "Robert Mor- ris." It was discovered upon examination of the contents to have been the property of the father of the "Revolutionary Financier." "Robert Morris, Junior," as it appears in the ledger on a page dated 1748, was born in England in 1734, and came to this country when about ten years of age. In Philadelphia his teacher was evidently Mr. Robert Greenway, as there is an account kept in the ledger with him for "Rob- ert's schooling, books," etc. Robert Morris, Senior, gives a sketch of himself in the led- ger as follows : "Ledger B-1747. "Belonging tO' and containing the accounts of the sub- scriber, son of Andrew Morris, Mariner and Mandline, his wife, of Liverpoole, in the county of Lancashire, in Great Britain, where the subscriber was born April the seventeenth day in the year of our Lord, one thousand and seven hundred and eleven. On the 17th of April, 1747, the balances trans- ferred from a Former Ledger into this, were justly due to and from "Robert Morris." He was a factor in Maryland of Foster Cunlifif, Esq., & Sons, of Liverpool, England. He also managed three stores, one at Wye, Oxford, and Cambridge, respectively. The latter was in charge of Mr. John Caile, who' at that date was Clerk of the Court, and into whose possession the ledger fell. At the death of Robert Morris, Mr. Caile inverted the ledger and used it as a fee book in his office. From the following accounts kept by Mr. John Caile the prices of various merchandise may be seen : i68 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY Feb. 4, 1742 To amount of store per acct. sent home and received casks Amt. of Inventory of goods Do. Household goods, etc. Debts in SterHng Money Maryland Money I Tobacco 380000 a f Bals. Cash on Hand £33-i3-2j4 Car 33 >^ Paper Money ^300-18 a 120 Tob. 107 hhds. 97045 a f Sloop "Oxford" valued at rotal Sterling Vt. Money 2365 10 4 184 188 409 10 1235 25 4 10 136 10 404 7 I 150 Sterling 1746 Sept. 6 1747 June I 1747 Aug. ID Dec. 24 1749 June 27 1747 July From Capt. John Mackeel, of the "Liver- poole Merchant," as per invoice, 30 Servants @ £ s d By Rev. Neil McCallum for Sundry Books as per Catalogue By i4Bbls. Pork, a Dr. Murray Capt. John Johnson, for I Silver buckle Loundes & Whaley, I Backgammon table Capt. John Johnson, 3 Umbarellas By the "Cundiff," Capt. Johnson, 40 Tons Pigg Iron @ ^4-10 By the "Choptank," 12 Tons Pigg Iron To amount of sundry goods now in store % " Bill due me % 71. 13. 2 Currys at 100 % " 7 doz. Bags felt Hatts f % Box H " I Cornrick No. 62 Dr. To I light coloured b & C v^^igg For Mr. Wm. Goldsborough Cr. By John Caile for cleaning his watch £ s 150 00 27 5 42 16 I r8 2 13 180 00 54 6 48 3 35 16 3 II I 17 Paper Money £ s 3 10 17 PAPISTS LANDS 169 Paper Money 1748 £ s d Aug. 29 Dr. To I Cult velvet waistcoat raffled away at Cambridge 15 10 1750 April 5 Robert Greenway, teacher of Robert Morris To I Large China Punch Bow! '" I Smaller " " " 2l/sl I6/S-' I 17 PAPISTS' LANDS. List of lands held by Papists in Dorchester County, re- turned by Charles Dickinson, Collector of Quit Rents, to the Keeper of the Rent Rolls, in 1758: Patrick Bryan Charles Carroll i Henry Darnell (Portland Manor) . . i Joseph Griffith Joseph Goutee Robert Griffith Hannah Griffith Francis Harper .... Joseph Harper John Meekins, Jun Abram Meekins Mark Meekins Godfrey Meg^raw Felix Summers Ramon Shinton Ramond Stapleford Joseph Shinton Richard Tubman • . William Shinton 67 acres. ,500 ,500 634^ 777 167 148 438 574 186 90 153 245 474 391 130 267 9,o88>^ acres. At this time the double tax on Catholics had been repealed. Indian History. CHAPTER XX. DORCHESTER COUNTY INDIANS — BRANCHES OF THE ALGONQUIN FAMILY- DRIVEN BY THEIR ENEMIES FROM FORMER HOMES — TOOK REFUGE ON THE EASTERN SHORE PENINSULA — CHIEF TRIBE, THE NANTI- COKES — PECULIARITIES IN MEMORY OF THEIR DEAD— INDIAN CHIEF, " BILLY RUMLEY," AND HIS WHITE WIFE — ENCROACHMENTS BY WHITE SETTLERS — GRANTED RESERVATIONS BY THE LORD PROPRIE- TARY—EFFECT OF LIQUOR TRAFFIC UPON THE INDIANS — OTHER IMPOSITIONS — CONSPIRACY WITH THE "siX NATIONS" TO MASSACRE THE WHITE SETTLERS IN I742 — THEIR GRADUAL DEPARTURE FROM DORCHESTER COUNTY — REMNANTS LEFT DISAPPEARED BY INTERMAR- RIAGE WITH THE BLACK RACE. Some of the Indian tribes and chiefs, branches of the Al- gonquin family (recognized by their language) that inhabited the Eastern Shore before America was discovered, lived in the territory now known as Dorchester County. There is much of thrilling interest that could be said of them and their descendants. They were first seen in 1608, by Capt. John Smith and his exploring party from Virginia, and later by the colonists of Maryland. Many suns before the pale-faces came to invade their happy land of refuge, they had come to live on this peninsula, hav- ing been driven by the superior forces of other tribes from ancient homes long loved and well remembered, which in their traditional history, they periodically pictured on the surfaces of changing nature — wood, earth and stone — and impressed on the retentive memories of each rising genera- tion. One of the largest tribes in Dorchester County was the Nanticokes. In the story of their migration, their god (Manito), providentially helped them. Somewhere on their way they came to a great water; one of their guides that went before them tried the depth of it with a long pole and found it too deep for them to wade through. In their distressed INDIAN TRIBES I7I situation and doubt about what course tO' pursue, their "God made a bridge over the water in one night and the next morning after they had ah passed over, God took away the bridge." The word Nanticoke seems to mean "tide-water people," and is derived from the name of one of the Lenape subtribes, Unalachtgo. They also had the name of Tiawco, and a Mohegan name was Otayachgo, which means "bridge peo- ple." They were skillful bridge builders and constructed bridges of floating logs made into rafts. The Nanticokes, Abacoes, Wiwashes, Ahatchwdioops and other tribes in Dorchester County, claimed by their tradi- tions, Lenape of the Delawares, to be their grandfather, and the Mohegans their brethren. They had a peculiar and sacred respect for their dead, the corpse was buried for some months and then exhumed and the bones carefully cleaned and placed in an "ossuary," called man-to kump (Manito), with the locative termination or rather signification, "place of the mystery or spirit." When these tribes moved from one place to another they carried the bones of their dead with them. When they left Dor- chester County about the middle of the eighteenth century and settled in Northern Pennsylvania they carried their sacred relics and buried them near the present site of To- wanda, Indian name, Tazvundciink, literally meaning "where we bury our dead." Tradition says that one old Indian chief of the Wiwash tribe, who lived near "Goose Creek" in what is now called "Straits" District, adopted an English name for himself, "Billy Rumley," he owned a large tract of land and married (?) a white woman. They lived on the place, owned some years ago and occupied by James Robins; it is now owned and occupied by Capt. Henry W. Elliott. There the old chief was buried. When his tribe left for a northern home he refused to go with them. In that neighborhood it is told that that old chief sometimes punished his wife by placing her on the lubber-pole of his big chimney and then smoked her from a smouldering fire on the hearth below. This he 172 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY said was done "to make her sweet." Whether his purpose was to sweeten her temper or improve her hygienically, by his smoking process, to suit his peculiar tastes may still be a ques- tion for public opinion. Descendants of that chief and his English wife are said to be living at this time. Soon after the formation of the county by white settlers along the coast line of the Bay and rivers, they began to ad- vance their outposts and lines of settlement towards the inte- rior and Indian settlements. Through a trading intercourse between the whites and Indians various disturbances and seri- ous disputes early occurred that led tO' the killing of several Indians and retaliation by them. They murdered several white persons and abducted some white children. These acts of violence almost brought on a war against the Nanticokes, then the most menacing tribe. However, every contention between the whites and Indians resulted in additional advan- tages for the whites, and a gradual withdrawing of the natives from the locality of the English settlements. To avoid many possible difficulties in trading with the Indians, a privilege was granted every white inhabitant of Dorchester County to trade with them without license at Capt. Henry Tripp's house, in 1680. Previously, the Gov- ernor had issued special licenses to individual traders, who could go tO' the Indian camps and there trade, often selling them guns, ammunition and whiskey, in violation of the trad- ing regulations, which caused much trouble between the col- onists and natives. In Kilteys' "Landholders' Assistant" he says: "The Indian inhabitants on the Choptank and Nanticoke Rivers on the Eastern Shore, became desirous of being secured in the pos- session of lands by grant from the Proprietary; that in conse- quence, a grant was made to the Choptank Indians in the year 1669, and one to the Nanticoke Indians in 1704, in respect to^ which a variety of provisions and modifications took place by subsequent Acts of Assembly, the most import- ant of which I shall here examine, confining myself to what has been done by law. LAND GRANTS TO INDIANS 173 "In respect to the grant to the Choptank Indians, I cannot ofive a better accoinit of it than bv transcribinsf the Reverend Mr. Bacon's note on the law making that grant. The title only is given in his edition, being 'An Act for the continna- tion of peace with and protection of our neighbors and con- federates, Indians on Choptank River,' and the following is extracted from his remarks : 'This act on account of the fidelity of the Choptank Indians in delivering up some mur- derers, etc., * * * settles upon them and their heirs for- ever, all that land on the south side of Choptank River, bounded westerly by the free-hold now in possession of William Dorrington and easterly with Secretary Sewalls' creek for breadth, and for length three miles into the woods; to be held of his lordship under the yearly rent of six beaver skins, and is confirmed among the perpetual laws of 1677, Ch. 2. "By an Act of 1704, Ch. 58 (similar to an Act passed 1698, Ch. 15), the bounds of a certain tract of land were ascertained to the use of the Nanticoke Indians in Dorchester County, so long as they should occupy and live upon the same. This Act, after stating it in the preamble to be 'most just' that the Indians, the ancient inhabitants of the province, should have a convenient dwelling place, etc., and especially the Nanticoke Indians in Dorchester County, who for some years past had lived in peace and concord with the EngHsh, and in obedience to the government, proceeded to declare as follows : " 'That all the land lying and being in Dorchester County, and on the north side of Nanticoke River, butted and bounded as follows : (Beginning at the mouth of Chicka- wan Creek and running up the said creek, bounded therewith to the head of the said main branch with a line drawn to the head of a branch issuing out of the North West Fork of Nanticoke, known by the name of Francis Anderton's branch, and from the head of the said branch, bounded therewith to the mouth of the same where it falls into the said North West Fork and from thence down the afore- said North West Fork, bounded therewith to the main river, 174 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY and so down the main river to the mouth of the aforesaid Chickawan Creek); shall be confirmed and assured, and by virtue of this Act is confirmed and assured untO' Pan- quash and Amotoughquan, and the people under their government or charge, and their heirs and successors forever; any law, usage, custom, or grant to the contrary in anywise notwithstanding. To be held of the Lord Proprietary and his heirs, Lord Proprietary or Lord Proprietaries of this province, under the yearly rent of one beaver skin, to- be paid tO' his said lordship and his heirs as other rents in this province by the English used tO' be paid.' " These two reservations for the Indians in Dorchester County each contained about four thousand acres of land. In 1 72 1 these lands were surveyed under a commission ap- pointed by the Governor and confirmed by an Act of 1723, Chap. 18. This Act gave free and uninterrupted possession to the Nanticoke Indians of all their lands on the Nanticoke and North West Fork Rivers so long as any of thein remained there and did not totally desert and quit-claim it. They were deprived from selling or leasing any part of their lands. The same Act also applied to the Choptank Indians and their lands. Subsequent Acts show how the Choptank and Nanticoke Indians gradually surrendered their lands to the English invaders. In the year 1705 some of the Indians threatened, by their actions, hostile movements against the whites, and Governor Seymour authorized Col. Thomas Ennalls of Dorchester County to make a treaty with the Nanticoke Indians. Articles of peace were agreed upon May the 19th, with the two* chiefs, Ashquash, Emperor of the Nanticokes, and Winnough- quargno, King of the Babcoes and Ahatchwoops, and with Robin Hood, chief of the Indian River Indians, on behalf of his queen, Wyranfconmickonono, queen of the said Indians. In the treaty, Ashquash was required to pay yearly to Col. Ennalls, for the use of the Queen of England, four arrows and two bows to be delivered tO' the Governor "as a tribute or acknowledgement to her majesty and as a token of the con- tinuance of this peace." Other conditions of the treaty PROCLAMATION AGAINST THE LIQUOR TRAFFIC 175 were that the Emperor Ashquash and his Indians should suf- ficiently fence in the cornfields, which should be planted by them, at least seven or eight logs high, also, as the English could not distinguish one Indian from another, no Indian was to come into any Englishman's plantation, painted, but should lay down their guns, bows and arrows and call aloud before they came within 300 paces of any clear ground. The chiefs told Col. Ennalls that the English brought liquors and sold them to their people. "To break up this traffic the Governor issued a proclamation that the great men of the Indian towns, upon such liquors being brought thither, to brake and stave the bottles, casks and barrels, or over-set and spill such other vessels wherein such liquors shall be without being troubled to answer any complaint on that score." Much of the hard cider and brandy made from the fruits of the farmers' orchards in Dorchester County was sold to the Indians in violation of the Act passed in 171 5, that for- bade "all persons from carrying liquor to any Indian town or within three miles thereof, and selling the same to any Indian under penalty of 5000 pounds of tobacco; or selling above one gallon of spirits or fermented liquor to- any Indian in one day." This quantity of spirits was quite enough after all to make all the Indians drunk every day. When the Indians were imposed upon by the English, they often appealed to the co'Uncil of the province for redress. Tequassino, one of the great men, complained "that he sold a horse to an Englishman in Cabin Creek, the name of the man he did not know, but there was still due him on the horse eight matchcoats.^ The Council ordered the Sheriff of Dor- chester Coimty to take into his custody Flenry Thomas to answer the complaint for non-payment due on the horse." In 1742 the Six Nations, allied Indian tribes, laid claim to large tracts of Maryland land along the Susquehanna and Potomac Rivers, and on the Eastern Shore of the Chesa- peake Bay, and claimed such payment for it as they estimated 'A matchcoat was an Indian blanket, made of Duffield cloth, with the wool long upon one side so as to remind the savages of their furs. 176 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY the land to be worth. After some delay and failure to nego- tiate a sale of their claims the Shawnee Indians tried to per- suade the Eastern Shore Indians to rise in revolt with them and massacre the white settlers. Some friendly Indians in- formed the whites of the plot, prompt defences were made along the frontier, and a great massacre was averted. The story of the conspiracy is fully explained in the following affidavit : "The examination of Jemmy Smallhomony, one of the Atchawamp Indians of Great Choptank, taken before me, Henry Hooper, one of his Lordship's Justices of the Provin- cial Court, taken this 25th day of June, 1742. "This examinate sayeth that about the middle of May last there was an agreement made between some Indians that came from Shawan (being 23 in number), and the several nations of our own Indians, to rise and cut off the English, and that two of our Indians went up with them in order to know the time which was agreed on to be this moon, and to be assisted with 500 of the Shawan and Northern Indians, and about the same time the French, with the assistance of other Indians, were to attack the back inhabitants of Maryland and Pennsylvania. This examinant further saieth that the several nations of our Indians have built a lodge house about 20 feet long and 15 feet wide in Pocomoke Swamp for a repository to secure their arms and ammunition, and that they now in the said house have several guns with a good deal of ammunition, and a large quantity of poisoned arrows pointed with brass, and that they intended to begin the attack in Somerset and Dorset, and several places in one and the same night, and when they had cut off the English in those two counties, to extend their conquest upwards till they had joined the other Indians and the French. This deponent further saith the Said Indians intended to destroy man, woman and child, as far as they extended their conquest, etc. his "Jemmy X Smallhommony. mark "Taken the day and year above written by me. "Henry Hooper." INDIANS LEAVE DORCHESTER COUNTY 1/7 In 1744 the Indian tribes then living in Dorchester began to leave the province, and to locate new homes in greater for- ests with broad hunting grounds and more game, farther away from the whites, who continually invaded their reserva- tion and influenced "their young people to^ adopt more vices than virtues." After the death of their "Crowned King," or head chief, Winicaco, about 1720, being subjects of the Iro- quois Indians, to whom they paid tribute, and by whom they were influenced, they became more and more dissatisfied with the limits of their reservation, and menaced surroundings until they finally departed from the province. The Choptank Indians and a few scattering families of other tribes remained in Dorchester and by degeneration and intermarriage with the "blacks," became entirely extinct about 1840. They left behind them a memorable history, a collected vocabulary^ of the names of places, objects and customs, in their language. This, together with written stories and oral traditions of them will animate an inquiring interest in the minds of our future generations, closely akin to our thrilling interest in the "redskins," be they Nanticokes or Mohicans. ■A vocabulary of their language was obtained by Mr. Williams Vans Murray, in 1792, from the remnants of tribes still in Maryland. It is in the library of the American Philological Society, but has never been cor- rectly or completely printed. 12 Colored Race in Dorchester County. CHAPTER XXI. SLAVERY DAYS — PERIOD OF FREEDOM— PROGRESS — CHURCHES. With the first white settlers that came to Dorchester, black slaves or servants were brought, few at first but as farming grew and cheap labor became profitable, direct importations of negroes were landed at Cambridge and Vienna, and sold for the cost of transportation. From the earliest days of the slave-holding period to its termination there were some free blacks who had either bought their freedom from their mas- ters or had been set free at a certain age or by decree at their master's death. Slave service was not more severe in Dorchester than in other slave-holding sections of the country. As else- where, members of slave families were liable to be sold and separated, husband from wife, and children from parents. Some masters and overseers cruelly treated their slaves, who were scantily clothed and poorly fed, while overtasked and whipped for failing to perform excessive work. Inhuman cruelty was rare, but from the lips of my grandmother I was told of a woman, owner of a number of slaves, and whose name is still perpetuated by her descendants on the Eastern Shore, who had her slaves lined up and whipped every Mon- day morning, those most deserving of punishment being washed with salt and water pickle after the whipping. I am unable to decide why she had the salt water applied. Was it an antiseptic treatment for injured tissue, or was it to inflict more punishment by the severe irritation it produced on application to excoriated backs? In the county, public and private sales of slaves were fre- quent during the colonial period; the traffic was then local COLORED CHURCHES 1 79 and chiefly confined to the counties of Maryland. After the Revolution, when new States were organized in the "South," the settlers there needed more manual labor, which made an active demand for Maryland slaves at a good price. Negro buyers, often called "Georgia Traders," came to Cambridge and other places in the county and bought young slaves whom they carried "South." At these heart-rending sepa- rations between the slave husband and wife, parents and children, brothers and sisters, rivers of burning tears were poured out, and bitter wails of lamentation sent up to Him who heareth all things and seeth the "sparrow fall." In His own providential time and way He seemeth to have made the bondmen free. In 1863 the emancipated colored people with free blacks in the county numbered about 8400; by the census of 1900 about 9463, a very slow increase of about one-fourth of one per cent, annually. On industrial lines, the advancement of the colored race here has been slow, many having barely met the scanty re- quirements for food and clothing. Many others have acquired personal and real property and live very comfort- ably. In education the young have made creditable pro- gress with the facilities afforded. As in slavery days, they are a punctual and zealous church-going people. In many families their cultivated good habits mark out a progressive and better future for the frugal and industrious. Church influences and business association with the pre- dominant white inhabitants have had an elevating effect on most of the colored race in the county; the masses are law- abiding, quiet and peaceable citizens. THEIR CHURCHES. The colored race throughout the county has respectable and fair sized church buildings. In Cambridge, "Waugh Chapel" M. E. Church was first built in 1826, which was replaced by a second building and that by a third, which ha? been abandoned for the fourth one now well advanced l8o HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY towards completion. It is a handsome structure, built of brick and gray stone trimmings in the latest style of archi- tecture. B. D. Price, Esq., is the architect, and J. Benj. Brown the contractor. It will cost about eleven thousand dollars and seat six or seven hundred people. The member- ship is over three hundred, while there is a large Sunday school of twoi hundred scholars. The present pastor is Rev. A. L. Martin, who has been in charge of the church for sev- eral years. He is a graduate of Princess Anne Academy, and Morgan College of Baltimore. The new Waugh Chapel, when completed, will be one of the finest churches in the Delaware Conference District. Bethel African M. E. Church, in Cambridge, was built in 1879. It is a neat, brick edifice, with a membership of about three hundred, with a fine Sunday school of about two hun- dred pupils. The pastor, who has been in charge of the con- gregation for the past five years, is Rev. James E. Martin, a native of Charleston, S. C. He was educated at Howard University. This church belongs to the Baltimore Confer- ence. In Dorchester County there are fifteen churches for colored people that belong to the Delaware Conference and seven to the Baltimore Conference, controlled by a body of twenty- four bishops. There is one colored Baptist church in Cam- bridge, "Zion B. C," built in 1895. Rev. Mr. Scott is the pastor. *1'. '-^ '-^fT^ Domestic and Social Life in Colonial Days. CHAPTER XXII. The pioneer settlers, who were led by the hand of destiny to select that part of the Eastern Shore between the Chop- tank and the Nanticoke Rivers, as early as 1645, ^^^^ later on, came with some knowledge of colonization, as most of them were from Virginia, the Western Shore and Kent Island. With small means they were obliged to construct cheap and plain rough-hewn houses of logs and clap-boards out of the abundance of timber that densely grew on every acre of land. With more refinement and better management, they did not become cave-dwellers, like hundreds of their Pennsylvania neighbors, who dug out caves for homes in the sides of hills, that were used by humble newcomers to live in for half a century. Without saw-mills and brick kilns, our ancestors, sturdy and strong, with axe in hand, were the architects of their log cabin homes; many were built comfortable and sub- stantial, though the broad chimneys were constructed of clay and riven sticks of wood, and the clap^board doors and win- dow shutters were hung on wooden hinges. The simple door fastenings for those combination houses — the best room and kitchen — was the wooden latch to which the latch-string was attached, that usually hung outside. This outhanging latch-string was the symbol of neighborly welcome to enter the threshold of colonial hospitality, where within warm- hearted hosts generously dispensed to their guests the best that could be had to eat, with every home and fireside com- fort at their command. When prosperity and wealth came to the exclusively agri- cultural colonists from profitable crops of tobacco, dwelling houses and other farm buildings were greatly improved; where once stood the loe-cabin there rose the commodious lS>2 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY dwelling. Domestic and foreign luxuries were soon col- lected in and about many a planter's home. Most colonists loved locations commanding views and water-fronts. How interesting to visit old houses built in colonial times, or note sites where others once stood in places well and tastefully- chosen by their departed founders. To return to the primitive settlers in their barely furnished homes; there is much to note of their many domestic priva- tions and inconveniences. Yet they always had one com- fort, the open blazing fire in great fireplaces, for wood was close by and plentiful and only cost the cutting. To avoid too much wood cutting and splitting, the fireplaces were built very large, eight, nine or ten feet wide and four or five feet in depth; some were so large that the children could sit inside the jambs while the dinner was boiling in the great iron pot, swung on the pot-rack over the flaming log-fire. THE LIGHT OF OTHER NIGHTS. When twilight ushered in the night and the log-fires dimly burned on stately hearths, the pine-knots then were lighted, the colonial lamps of that day, which cast bright reflections throughout the house and homely shadows of the hominy mortar and spinning wheel upon the white-washed walls. At that period candles were costly and scarce, and tallow was high. Candles imported were worth four pence apiece. But soon the colonial housewife made her candle wicks and dipped her own candles or cast them in metal molds, thus tediously made, they were economically used. Minister M , on a small income, it is said, had his candle extin- guished as a frugal practice during long family prayers every evening. Without candles at first, and later, oil lamps, every farmer laid in a good supply of "light-wood" for winter; even to-day open fireplaces and "light-wood" are still in use by a few old-fashioned, rural residents. Grass, pewter and lead candle- sticks were followed by iron, pewter and glass lamps. KITCHEN FIRESIDES AND FURNITURE 1 83 For many years the primitive ways of kindling- fires and striking- lights without application of existing fire was prac- ticed here, as throughout the world. When the ash covered fire in the fireplace died entirely out during the night, a mes- senger was often sent, one of the children or a servant, to the nearest neighbor's house to ''borrow fire" which was car- ried between pieces of oak bark, or kindling wood for start- ing a new fire. One ancient contrivance, found in every home, was the tinder box, containing tinder (scorched linen or cam- bric), a flint stone and a piece of steel; in case of emergency it was used for starting fires or making a light by rapidly striking the stone against the steel with friction strokes which produced sparks that ignited the tinder. Another method of producing fire was to flash gunpowder in the pan of flint-and-steel gunlocks on old muskets which ignited twists of "tow" placed in contact. In the days of our great-grandfathers and even grand- fathers, fires were started as here briefly described. Friction matches were first made in England in 1827. From the origin of Dorchester County in 1669, to 1830, only a little more than sixty years ago, the tinder-box, powder-flash and neighbor's fire, were some of the inconvenient methods of rekindling extinguished fires in the homes of our ancestry. KITCHEN FIRESIDES AND FURNITURE. In the farmers' kitchens and about their fireplaces were found only the most useful utensils of domestic necessities. From the lubber-pole in the great chimney flue hung the pot- rack and swivels for hanging on the pot-hook, from which swung pots and kettles over blazing fires for cooking meats, boiling hominy and other food. On the hearth of fire-burnt clay stood the oven and spider for baking Indian pone and Maryland biscuit; the skillet, frying pan, grid-iron, fire shovel and tongs occupied convenient places within the chimney jambs. The johnny cake, made of corn meal, and the plate- cake of wheat flour, baked on wooden boards set up on the hearth before the fire, must be mentioned, as no better bread 184 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY ever passed within the mouths of hungry childhood before or since the days of modern cookery. While the poor had but few- household goods, the well-to-do homes were better supplied. Of table-ware, china was very rare and never commonly used before the Revolutionary period. Among the first settlers, wooden plates or trenchers, metal knives, pewter spoons and some earthen dishes with a pewter or silver tankard of water, completed the table outfit in plain homes. Table fo'"ks were almost unknown, the first mention of a fork in Vf .nia was in 1677. The writer, when a boy, saw his uncle mold pew- ter spoons in molds that his grandfather brought from England. Glassware was very rare; glass bottles were so appreciated as to be specially mentioned in zvills. Separate drinking cups for each person at the dining table were not in use. When large tumblers were first brought into use they were passed from one person to another to take a drink of the contents, whether it be water, cider or wine. Gourds were abundantly raised on the farms and used in every kitchen for dipping water and drinking it as well. While those early settlers bore many privations, yet they impro- vised some conveniences. In the place of manufactured chairs, then so scarce, they made benches for seats at the din- ing table, where, by the way, children were not allowed to sit with their elders or parents at meals, and often were required tO' eat their meals while standing — a strange, almost cruel, custom. Home-made spoons, trays, trenchers and hominy mortars of wood were household necessities, and wooden forks, shovels and ploughs were equally as useful in the fields. Food supplies were ample — Indian corn, some hogs and cattle, deer and wild turkeys in abundance; fish of many kinds in every river, and oysters covering every bar and river bottom. Of this variety of food only corn bread was objectionable, in some instances its constant use caused "family jars" and led to the greater cultivation of wheat, and the use of more wheat bread. With these limited resources and but few others, the plain settlers and their descendants constituting the great bulk of the population in Dorchester SOCIAL LIFE IN COLONIAL DORSET 185 County, lived for a hundred years before they much improved their domestic surroundings. CLASS DISTINCTIONS AMONG THE WHITES. Among the early colonists in the county, a few came with means that enabled them to buy large tracts of land, which they sold to advantage in smaller lots or extensively culti- vated -th servants at a good profit. Soon they became wealthy and formed a distinct social class, chiefly slave holders. This line of distinction was so definitely drawn at some places that poor white families and the family tenants of large land holders were assigned to separate parts of the church when attending religious service, and at public places or taverns the wealthy families were guests of the parlors and dining rooms while the tenants' families were quartered in the kitchens and back rooms. Domestic surroundings and home conveniences greatly influenced and graded social life, which is described as fol- lows: SOCIAL LIFE IN COLONIAL DORSET. {By Mrs. Hester Dorsey Richardson.') In reviewing the social life of Dorchester County in col- onial days we find that it had no peculiar or distinctive cus- toms of its own — that it shared with other counties the good old English mode of life, primitive in the early days but based preeminently upon the exclusive ideas of the English gentry. Here as elsewhere in Maryland, the land was patented in large tracts of hundreds and even thousands of acres. These estates or plantations were the centres of social life in the county. Towns did not flourish in Dorchester in the early days. The English settlers, true to the habits and traditions of the Mother Country, preferred to live in the heart of large landed possessions which gave them both the seclusion and power so dear to the Britain. The broad fields which now yield so abundantly in golden grain were, in colonial times, l86 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY devoted to the culture of tobacco, which constituted the only- currency of the country. The question of labor was not a difficult one in those days when every outgoing ship laden with the crops of "sweet- scented tobacco" bound for England, returned with consign- ments of not only comforts and luxuries for the planters, but with adventurous young immigrants who became "inden- tured apprentices" for a term of four years in return for the payment of their passage over. The landed proprietors were only too glad to^ buy the time of service of these young fel- lows whO' were often of fine old lineage and in many instances well educated but without means. The romance of the conditions which naturally arose on the estates has been grasped by the modern novelist to good effect, and the unfortunate relation between the young men of good blood in a state of temporary servitude to his mas- ter's family has been strongly pictured. In the earliest years of the colony, the settlers were so harassed by the Indians that the plantations were neglected and many of their occupants would have sufifered but for the natural food supplies for which the Eastern Shore of Mary- land is still famous. When, however, the population increased, driving the Red Men from their native haunts along the waterways, wealth increased and was soon reflected in the homes and manner of life in the colony. After the Revolution of 1688 and the advent of a Royal Governor in Mary land, moxd. of the English ways and cus- toms were adopted. Peace and prosperity came hand-in-hand and early in sev- enteen hundred the log cabins of the settlers were replaced by more pretentious frame houses, and toward the middle of the century not a few fine brick mansions were erected in place of the homes of simple design throughout the colony. In Dorchester County we find only a few survivals of the period notable for lavish hospitality and pretentious liv- ing. While, however, there was not so large a community SOCIAL LIFE IN COLONIAL DORSET 1 87 of wealthy land holders here as in the counties of St. Mary's and Anne Arundel, when the capital cities drew to them- selves and their outlying- districts those who were near to the throne, we yet find evidences of a free and open-handed life in old Dorset. The English sports of fox-hunting, cock-fighting and bear- baiting engaged the time and attention of the colonial gen- try here in Dorchester no less than in Queen Anne's, Som- erset and other Eastern Shore counties. Many a high- bred colonial dame rode to hounds with all the daring of her brother, the squire, or Lord of the Manor, and doffing habit and top boots, presided at her father's well-spread mahogany with the grace of one "to the manner born." Gay house parties were the distinctive feature of the social life in colonial Maryland. The family coach, filled with merry young folks, accompanied by attendant cavaliers on horseback, was the mode of their unexpected arrivals, or the music of the horns and bay of the hounds were many times the first intimation to a hostess that her house was soon to be filled to overflowing with the pleasure-seekers already crossing her husband's "preserves." While the wide-spreading portals of colonial mansions bespeak the lavish hospitality which was so' graciously dis- pensed, both mistress and master found much of the practical side of life to absorb their attention. It is true that on all large plantations there was an over- seer to bear the burden of the out-door management, yet the master did not rely entirely on this valuable assistant. Daily, usually immediately after breakfast, he would ride over his estate on horseback, keeping personally in touch with the cultivation of his acres as well as the condition of his slaves, the successors to the early apprentices. Leaving his overseer to put his orders into execution, the proprietor lived the life of a gentleman of leisure, concerning himself with politics and questions of national importance. The real colonial dame had her duties as well as her pleasures, not only did she look well to the ways of her IQ6 history of DORCHESTER COUNTY household in the routine fashion of the modern woman, but s;he directed her women servants in the weaving of hnen and cotton, in the knitting- of socks and stockings and the cutting and making of garments for her slaves. Besides looking out for their material comforts she was their spiritual guide and their friend and counselor in trouble. A quilting bee was a popular form of entertaining among the young people of the Eastern Shore in colonial times and later. The hostess having finished piecing a quilt would invite all the young ladies of the neighborhood to quilt it, each would arrive with her reticule at her side containing her own thinv ble, scissors and needle book. It is safe tO' say that their tongues flew even more swiftly than did their needles when the lively young creatures got to work. Gossip, wit and good-natured raillery made the time pass quickly and with the twilight came the beaux, the quilting finished, the frames were moved out of the way and, after a hearty supper, the floor was cleared for dancing. Thus what would have been a tiresome task, when turned into a frolic became a popular means of diversion. Many of the quilts made under such circumstances have been pre- served as heir-looms in old families of the county. In Dorchester, more largely than in most other counties, early customs have been preserved; but here as in other sections of the South, the late war, with the subsequent de- sertion of the old plantations for town and city life with their enlarged opportunities, marked the passing of the ideal social life in the counties of Maryland. County Folklore and Superstitions. CHAPTER XXIII. Many popular superstitions are transmitted from genera- tion to generation by oral traditions and family customs, from parents tO' children, and from friendly associates to each other, that are accepted in as strong faith as belief in "Holy Writ." Youthful impression of that character become fixed superstitions for practical application and use as time, place and circumstances point to their supernatural influence. In- animate objects and customs are venerated in business transactions, laboring pursuits, and social events, rites and ceremonies are performed for love, luck, health and pros- perity. This credulous belief in the power of supernatural effects and signs for good or evil deeply impresses the mar- iner on his ship, the farmer at his plow, the minister in his church, the physician in his profession, the swain in his doubt- ful wooing, and the fair maid in her delusory dreams of hope and happiness, and in short every grade of society, from the inmates of the poorest home to those who dwell in palatial mansions. Over the cabin doors of the Southern blacks, in the little cottages of the mountain miners, about the premises of the busy farmers, on the bow of the stately ship and little loyster iboat andi somewhere about 'the homies of wealth counted by millions, and at the "White House," too. the horse shoe hangs for "luck." The origin of its universal use for a specific influence tO' bring good fortune to its possessors is simply mythical. No better field for the study of folklore in this country can be found than the Eastern Shore of Maryland. Settled as it was at an early date by an almost exclusively English stock and practically untouched by later immigration, it has kept and handed down old English forms of speech, customs 190 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY and traditions quite in their original form. The folklore that abounds in Shakespeare is extant at this day in Dor- chester; half the inhabitants of Hooper's Island still misplace their h's in true cockney style while our regularly used phrase "right smart," regarded by outsiders as dialect, is found in the writings of Sir Philip Sydney. The superstition of the negroes has contributed largely to the folklore of the present day, yet it is by no means con- fined to the black or ignorant, but the myths, legends and superstitious stories which many people in the county regard with interest and attach importance to originated among various races of people centuries ago and were imported to our shore, where was found a fertile soil for vigorous growth and easy culture, due to the early association of black slaves, indentured servants and master's children in the same house- hold. Some of the most common popular beliefs and sayings are here given : INFLUENCE OF NATURAL SIGNS AND PHENOMENA. SUNRISE AND SUNSET REFLECTIONS. "Evenings red and mornings gray- Are certain signs of a beautiful day; Evenings gray and mornings red Will bring down rain upon the traveler's head." BURIALS OF THE DEAD AFTER THE SUN CROSSES THE NOON-DAY MERIDIAN. In Straits District no dead persons are buried until after "the sun turns." MOON SIGNS AND INFLUENCES. A new moon with both horns or points inclined upwards indicates to the farmer dry weather; if the upper horn is FOLKLORE AND SUPERSTITIONS I9I turned downward, wet weather, rains will soon follow. The position of the crescent moon shows her ability to hold water in the clouds or pour it out in copious showers. Full moons in the mornings indicate storms; in evening, fair weather. The new moon that appears south of west means warm weather for that phase, and when north of west, cold weather compared with the prevailing season. MOON'S INFLUENCE ON PLANTING SEED AND GROWING CROPS. For potatoes and all crops that grow in the ground the seed planting should be done on that change of the moon when there are dark nights to insure good crops. Corn and all other crops that develop above ground should be planted in the period of moonlight nights, as light is one of the essential elements required to produce full crops of cereals and other like grown products. To kill hogs on the decrease of the moon causes the pork to shrink when cooked. FATED BY WIND. If peas, beans or vegetables that grow in pods are planted when the wind is northeast they will not bear or produce a crop. SUPERSTITIONS— REMEDIES FOR SOME DISEASES. TO CURE A STY. Go to some footpath or highway where people frequently travel and repeat the following: I "Sty, sty, leave my eye, Go on the next one's eye that passes by." 192 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY TO CURE CHILLS. Tie as many knots in a string, as you have had chills, then drop the string and the person who finds it and counts the knots will have the chills, and you will be free from them. Or — Cut as many notches in a stick as you have had chills, then throw it behind you without looking back and the per- son who finds it and counts the notches will get the chills. Or — Bore a hole in a tree, bloAV into it once for each chill and the tree will take the chills and die. TO CURE WARTS. Find a hollow stump with water standing in it, wash the wart and go away without looking back. Or — Steal a bean, cut it in half and rub each half upon the wart, then bury the bean under a doorstep. Do not look under the step again until the bean has decayed and the wart will disappear. Brass rings worn on the fingers will prevent cramp. A horse chestnut, if continually carried or kept about any person, will prevent all such persons from ever having rheu- matism. TRIVIAL SAYINGS AND SUPERSTITIONS. EVENTS THAT BAD LUCK FOLLOW. To cut hair or nails during sickness. To begin to get better on Sunday when sick. For a sick person to suddenly develop a craving appetite is to feed death. For a picture to fall from its hanging on the wall denotes coming death to some of the household. For two persons to look into a mirror at the same time brings great disappointment to one or both of them. To break a looking-glass brings seven years of bad luck. * FOLKLORE AND SUPERSTITIONS 193 To see the picture of a corpse in a mirror is believed to be the sign of an early death. For that behef, mirrors in death chambers are turned fronts towards the wall of the room in wdiich the dead are laid until time for burial. The howling- of a dog at night is a sign of sickness or death, to stop his wail and avert the threatened calamity, turn your right shoe on its side with the top part towards the dog. Shortly before the death of some people their names have been heard distinctly called and warning raps or knocks at the doors have often been heard by inmates of the homes in which death was near to some one of the members. When the spirit of a living person is seen going away from home it is a sure sign of short life for him. If seen return- ing or coming home instead of leaving home, long life is promised. To meet a woman first in the morning after leaving home will bring bad luck that day. It is bad luck for a woman to be the first visitor on New Year's Day. To spill salt means bad luck unless you avert it by throwing a pinch of salt over" the left shoulder. You must leave the house by the same door you entered to avoid bad luck coming to that home. MISCELLANEOUS SAYINGS. Itching of the nose means a visitor is coming; if on the right side, it indicates a man; if on the left, a woman. Itching of the right eye means a cry; the left eye, a laugh. Burning sensations felt in the ears warn you that you are the subject of somebody's talk, either for good or evil report. If a rooster comes near the door and crows before it, a visitor is coming to that house. If a cat licks its paws and smoothes its hair behind its ears with them, the ladies of the house are warned to make their toilet and be ready to receive coming visitors. 13 194 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY If the wish bone of a chicken is pulled apart by two unmar- ried people until it is broken, the one who holds the longest part will first be married. To approach a gate at the side on which it is hinged for the purpose of opening it is a sign that the person will not get married in that year. If a garden hoe is carried through a dwelling house, a death will occur in the family living there before the end of the year. . The first time you see a new moon in any month, any wish that you make then, before you look at any other object, your wish will be granted during that moon. Money shaken at the new moon soon replenishes the purse. WITCHES. A broomstick laid across the doorway will prevent a witch from' entering the house. If a witch sits down in a chair in which is sticking or is afterwards stuck a fork, she cannot rise as long as the fork stays there. An example of this was tested at the "Dr. Johnson" place in "Lakes" with old "Suf," who was said to be a witch. A witch can take a horse from a locked stable and ride it all night; the evidence of this being the foaming sweat on the horse and the witch knots tied in its tail and mane, often seen the next morning. A witch can turn people into horses and ride on them. One man in Dorchester County died from the effects of such a trip, the clay being found under his finger and toe nails. He had refused to let the witch have his horse to ride, so she rode the owner instead. If a witch is about to turn a sleeping person into a horse and the sleeper awakes in time, seizes the witch and holds her without speaking until daybreak, she will assume her proper form. FOLKLORE AND SUPERSTITIONS 195 A witch can also turn herself into any animal she pleases for hunter's dogs often trail and tree witches at night that take the form of some animal to avoid detection. To kill a witch, draw a picture of her and shoot at it with pieces of silver instead of lead, bullets or shot; just where the picture is shot the witch will be wounded; if in vital parts of the body, she will die from the effects. TRICKS OR SPELLS. In Dorchester as throughout most of the world, the thirti- eth of October, or "Halloween," is regarded as the best time to try "spells" and to read the future. "Bobbing" for apples, sweating eggs and making the dumb cake are the favorite rites. The latter is probably the most interesting as abso- lute silence has to be maintained throughout the whole per- formance and is a joint operation of two people. The cake itself is made up of salt, flour and water, of each one spoon- ful. Two persons holding the same spoon mix the ingre- dients and jointly bake the cake. When cooked they jointly divide and eat it, all in silence; neither must they speak again until morning, but in their dreams they will behold their future partners. SACRED SUPERSTITIONS. Old Christmas, or January 6, is another night on which many supernatural things are said to happen. At the hour of midnight, hops, world's wonder and the tiger lily are said to sprout up through the earth. At that same hour all the cattle fall upon their knees as if in prayer. Thus Nature and the lower animals give thanks for the birth of Christ. GHOSTS, APPARITIONS, BUGABOOS. The worst and most injurious branch of folklore, very prevalent in Dorchester County, is the telling of ghost stories in various forms in the presence of children. In nine- 196 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY tenths of the families in the county the children have been schooled in tales of apparition and intimidating bugaboo stories, which have made them timid and fearful at night, even in their own homes. False impressions have been made in their minds about imaginary objects that never had an existence. As there are no ghosts we must not write false tales to excite fear in the young or gratify the curiosity of the superstitious. Revolutionary Period, 1775-1776. CHAPTER XXIV. INTRODUCTION TO THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR— LEADING PATRIOTS IN DOR- CHESTER COUNTY — INTEREST WHICH MARYLAND TOOK IN DEFENCE OF THE RIGHTS OF THE COLONIES — ORGANIZATION OF THE MILITIA IN THE COUNTY — VOLUNTEERS FOR THE CONTINENTAL ARMY — FORMATION OF THE STATE GOVERNMENT — DELEGATES FROM DORCHESTER COUNTY TO THE PROVINCIAL CONVENTIONS. Upon the events of this period in the history of Maryland and the American colonies, when the latent germ of liberty became vitalized and developed into the tender bud of Amer- ican freedom, wholly depends our State and National exist- ance of unsurpassed greatness to-day. With this view of what Maryland and Dorchester County now are, the Revolution- ary Period claims a large share of historical notice. From the passage of the "Stamp Act," in 1765, to 1775, the spirit of resistance to English oppression was kindling the feelings of many of the colonists (patriots in Dorchester County by no means excepted), whose active efforts and hon- orable course, not hasty in action but with calm deliberation, nobly doing their duty when the exigencies of every occasion demanded, here claim our special attention, but limited space permits only a few of their names to be here men- tioned : We have Robert Goldsborough, Daniel Sulivane, Henry Travers, Richard Sprigg, Thomas Ennalls, William^ Ennalls, John Dickinson, Joseph Richardson, Henry Steele, John Henry, James Muse, Thomas Jones, Benjamin Keene, Henry Hooper, James Murray, Robert Harrison, and many others, who then forgot past political differencs and united in a common cause for colonial rights unjustly denied by English control in the province. Even the notable agita- tion for political and financial rule in Maryland between the 198 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY people and the Proprietary branch of the provincial admin- istration which reached a high state of excitement between 1770 and 1773, when the lower House of Assembly refused to renew the Act for regulating the fees of office in the execu- tive departments of the government, and which Governor Eden attempted to reestablish by proclamation, and which caused the spirited controversy between Charles Carroll and Daniel Dulany, was soon buried under the flood of patriotic influences and sentiment that moved the masses toward the revolutionary struggle. The English methods then used for raising revenue for home use, by taxing the American colonist, are too- familiar to Maryland readers for repetition here, but the plans adopted in the colonies to- evade the unjust imposition of "taxation without representation" were partly of Maryland origin and thus make a connection with our local history through the county representatives who helped to formulate them. While non-importation associations had been organized in some of the colonies and the refusal to import British goods or buy them, if imported, had provoked great commercial disturb- ances in seaport towns, it was not sufficient to redress colonial grievances, long and patiently borne under English rule. The colonists, at first, did not propose to resort to arms to secure their rights as subjects of their mother-land, much-loved England, to which, by kindred blood, they had been loyally and devotedly allied; but the fire-brand that aroused universal indignation among them was the passage of the "Boston Port Bill" by Parliament, March 31, 1774. Soon public meetings were called to consider the gravity of the strained relations between the colonies and the "Crown." One of the first meetings was held in Baltimore, May 31, 1774, where it was recommended that deputies be chosen from each county to convene in Annapolis, there to deter- mine on a course of conduct for the province. Delegates were accordingly chosen and met at Annapolis, June 22, 1774; they were county representatives of large influence; those from Dorchester being Robert Goldsborough, William ASSOCIATION OF THE FREEMEN OF MARYLAND IQQ Ennalls, Henry Steele, John Ennalls, Robert Harrison, Col. Henry Hooper and Mathew Brown. This convention resolved to adopt a commercial policy of non-intercourse with England, and appointed deputies to a Congress of all the colonies to insure unity of action on this line. The gen- eral Congress met in Philadelphia in September, 1774; the members from Maryland being Robert Goldsborough (of Dorchester), Mathew Tilghman, Thomas Johnson, Jr., Wil- liam Paca and Samuel Chase. There the Maryland policy was adopted, and resolutions also passed urging the colonies to use the best methods possible for the preservation of American liberties. Public meetings were held in all the counties of Maryland to ratify this poHcy; committees were chosen to enforce it, and delegates elected tO' a second con- vention, which met at Annapolis in November, but adjourned until December 8. This convention provided for the organ- ization and drill of the militia and the purchase of arms and ammunition bv authorizing a subscription of £10,000, of which Dorchester County was to raise £480. This repre- sentative convention of the people was the beginning of the political revolution that converted the Proprietary province of Maryland into a State government. This convention of Deputies met again in April. 1775, and while in session, received the news of the battle of Lexington. It authorized the election of new Deputies to the next con- vention, known as the Association of the Freemen of Mary- land, that met July 26, 1775. The Dorchester County Dele- gates were Robert Goldsborough, Henry Hooper, James Murray, Thomas Ennalls and Robert Harrison. This convention appointed a Council of Safety, which sat at Annapolis to shape matters and measures relating to the "policy of resistance" between the meetings of the conven- tions. This committee was assisted by a Committee of Observation in each county, which kept the Council con- stantly advised and carried out its orders. The Committee of Observation in Dorchester County consisted of fifteen members, which were elected in September, 1775, namely: 200 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY Joseph Richardson, Chairman; Col. Henry Hooper, Joseph Baffin, Thomas Ennalls and others, with John C. Harrison, Clerk, and James Murray, Secretary. The Committee of Observation had authority to inspect the course and report upon the conduct of any person whose loyalty to the cause of the colonists might be suspected, and to investigate charges of disloyalty. On the Committee of Ways and Means of the Conven- tion, Robert Goldsborough served and James Murray was appointed a member of a committee to consider plans for establishing a manufactory for making arms. Much important business was done by this convention to put the province in the best state of defence then possible. Authority was given to raise forty companies of minute-men in the province, two of which were to be Dorchester's quota. The minute-men agreed by enrollment to serve until March, 1776, and "March to any place ordered in any of the colonies and fight for the preservation of American liberty with their whole power." December 7, 1775, the next Convention of Delegates met at Annapolis. Dorchester County was re4Dresented by John Ennalls, James Murray, Henry Hooper and William Ennalls. This convention resolved to put the province in a better state of defence and to raise an additional force of one bat- talion of eight companies and seven independent companies. Many recruiting offices were opened in the counties, and volunteers soon filled up these companies, of which the Sixth was raised in Dorchester County, and first officered by Capt. Lemuel Barrett; First Lieut. Thomas Woolford, Second Lieut. John Eccleston and Third Lieut. Hooper Hudson. Later, Captain Barrett resigned and Lieutenant Woolford was promoted to fill the vacancy. Lieutenants Eccleston a- pointed August 23, 1781. Benjamin Keene, Ensign. Appointed August 23, 1781. James Byus, Captain, December 16, 1779. Resigned. Joseph Hubbard, Captain. Appointed Captain, July 28, 1780. Solomon Jones, First Lieutenant, December 16, 1779. Joseph Hubbard, Second Lieutenant, December 16, 1779. Promoted Captain. Samuel Hubbard, Second Lieutenant. Promoted Second Lieutenant. William Vickers of Jno., Ensign. Appointed. Charles Staplefort, Captain, May 20, 1778. John Scott, First Lieutenant, May 20, 1778. Samuel Hooper, Second Lieutenant, May 20, 1778. Bestpitch, Ensign, May 20, 1778. Edward Staplefort, Captain, May 20, 1778. Hugh McGuire, First Lieutenant, May 20, 1778. Edward Pritchett, Second Lieutenant, May 20, 1778. John McGuire, Ensign, May 20, 1778. A Half Battalion or Corps. Matthew Travers, Captain, May 20, 1778. John Travers, First Lieutenant, May 20, 1778. PhiHp Ferguson, Second Lieutenant, May 20, 1778. John King, Ensign, May 20, 1778. John Todd, Captain, May 20, 1778. James Davis, First Lieutenant, May 20, 1778. Michael Todd, Second Lieutenant, May 20, 1778. Reuben Andrews, Ensign, May 20, 1778. 16 226 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY Timothy McNamara, Captain, May 20, 1778. Jno. Stewart McNamara, First Lieutenant, May 20, 1778. ^il^harles Johnson, Second Lieutenant, May 20, 1778. John Kirwin, Ensign, May 20, 1778. Henry Lake, Captain, May 20, 1778. Levin WilHn, First Lieutenant, May 20, 1778. Luke Robinson, Second Lieutenant, May 20, 1778. John Todd, Ensign, May 20, 1778. William Travers, Captain, May 20, 1778. Daniel Fallen, Major, May 20, 1778. Thomas Eccleston, Captain, May 20, 1778. Levin Travers, First Lieutenant, May 20, 1778. Commis- sioned in Roger A. Hooper's Company. John Stanford, Ensign, May 20, 1778. Commissioned in James Wright's Company. Stephen Ross, Ensign, May 20, 1778. Commissioned in Arthur Whiteley's Company. The demand for officers and men in 1779 and 1780 could not be fully supplied, though drafts were frequently made from the militia companies until almost every able-bodied man was drafted to fill up the ranks of the fighting army in the field. This called for the organization of new militia to do guard duty at home. Many of the militiamen who^ were financially able, procured for themselves substitutes from England, Scotland and Canada, to serve in the Continental Army, while they staid at home and still served in the militia. In March, 1779, commissions were issued to Bartholomew Ennalls, appointed Captain of a company in the place of John LeCompte; Handly Handy, First Lieutenant; Anthony Manning, Second Lieutenant, and James Hodson, Ensign; William Ennalls Hicks, Second Lieutenant of Captain Smoot's company, and William Newton, Ensign, of Captain Baffin's company, Upper Battalion of Mihtia. NEW ENROLLMENT 227 November 2, Lieut. William Woolford, of the Second Maryland Regiment, took to the army the following recruits, viz: Patrick Bryan, Thomas Wyatt, James Harris, Levin Button, William Willen and David Robinson, and also took the following deserters, viz: John Carter, Henry Causey, Daniel Oliver, Laban Bramble and Gabriel Sales, who were sent with Captain Woolford to appear befpre the Governor and Council for decision whether they were to continue in the army or be discharged. NEW ENROLLMENT. Division of Dorchester County Militia into Bat- talions Returned by Henry Hooper. July 15, 1780. Twenty-three companies of Dorset Militia, divided into Battalions in the following order: For the Upper or Third Battalion, ten companies. Light Infantry. Capt. Joseph DafBn's company, 61 privates. Capt. John Smoot's company, 54 privates. Capt. Barth. Ennalls' company, 66 privates. Capt. John Henry's company, 64 privates. Capt. Roger Askom Hooper's company, 64 privates. Capt. John Langfitt's company, 65 privates. Lieut. John Hooper's company, 45 privates. Capt. Jacob Wright's company, 47 privates. Capt. Ezekiel Reed's company, 64 privates. Capt. James Wright's company, 55 privates. Total— 585. Commissioned and non-commissioned ofificers, 105. In the Lower or Nineteenth Battalion, nine companies. Capt. Nathaniel Manning's company, 70 privates. Capt. Joseph Robson's company, 69 privates. 228 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY Capt. Charles Staplefort's company, 71 privates. Lieut. William Bail's company, 53 privates Capt. Roger Jones' company, 61 privates. Capt. Levin Hubbard's company, 68 privates. Capt. Benjamin Keene's company, 62 privates. Lieut. Solomon Jones' company, 60 privates. Capt. Edward Staplefort's company, 56 privates. Total — 570. Commissioned and non-commissioned officers, iii. In the corps, four companies : Capt. Henry Lake's company, 69 privates. Capt. Timothy McNamara's company, 65 privates. Capt. John Todd's company, 52 privates. Capt. Job Slacum, Jr.'s company, 51 privates. Total — 237. Commissioned and non-commissioned officers, 53. Total number of privates — 1661. Daniel Fallen was Major in the Corps. Henry Hooper, Lieutenant, Dorset County. Official list of officers of Dorchester companies not here- tofore published: Captains. Francis Turpin, John Maguire, Joseph Wright, Jr. William Scott, John Turpin, Ebbin Newton, William Pattison, Samuel Keene, John Greene, William Taylor, Thomas Thompson, Edward Wright Lieutenants. Joseph Vickers, James Moore, Isaac Wright, Thomas Waters, LETTER FROM HENRY HOOPER TO THE GOVERNOR 229 Lieutenants — Continued. Henry Smoot, Samuel Elliott, John Budd, Thomas Hicks. Cyrus Bell, Ensigns. Matthew Smith, William Medford, Charles Adams, Nathan Williams, Handy Handly, William Thompson, John Laing, William Jones, John Brohawn, John Bestpitch. In 1780 the seat of war was transferred to the southern colonies by the reinforcement of Lord Rawdon's amiy, with the army of Lord Cornwallis at Camden. In the American Army, the Maryland Line was there, fourteen hundred strong, including Col. Thos. Woolford, of Dorchester, and his regiment. The gallant Sumpter and Col. Woolford dar- ingly captured the army supplies of Cornwallis, taking a forty-wagon train and three hundred prisoners, only to be lost when overtaken by the British mounted infantry at Catawba Ford, on the Wateree River, where three or four hundred Americans were killed, wounded or captured. Col- onel Woolford was wounded and taken prisoner. In the battles of Camden and Catawba, the Maryland Line lost "six hundred and ninety-seven of the rank and file, and eighty non-commissioned ofiticers." In the sunny land of Carolina, on the battlefields of Camden and Catawba, sleep some of the soldier heroes of Dorchester, LETTER FROM HENRY HOOPER TO THE GOVERNOR. Dorchester County, May 15, 1781. Since the suspension ordered by Your Excellency and Council, of the draft of the militia in this county expired, I have made a draft in each class, being twenty-eight in num- ber, that have not furnished a recruit. This measure is thought illegal by some here, as not being made agreeable to the Act. I should therefore be glad of having Your 230 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY Excellency's orders thereon. I received the Act of Assem- bly, with your orders thereon, for depopulating the Islands, which I apprehend cannot now be put in execution from the number of enemy's barges constantly cruising there, without the assistance of some armed vessels to cooperate with the militia. We have lately received information that the enemy are heaving up breastworks and fortifying one of the islands in Holland's Straits for the protection of the inhabitants on those islands. On Sunday night last two of the enemy's barges came about two miles up Transquaking River, took ofif some stock, then retreated down the river yesterday morning before the militia could overtake them. Several dwelling houses in this county have lately been burnt and the property of the inhabitants carried off by the enemy, and what greatly adds to our misfortune is that we have not a single gun to put on board a boat to take or drive them off from our coast. I have the honor to be, sir, Your most obed' h'ble serv't, Henry Hooper, CHAPTER XXVII. CORNWALLIS ENTERS CHESAPEAKE BAY AND INVADES BOTH SHORES — GREAT DEMAND FOR VOLUNTEERS, ARMY SUPPLIES AND TRANSPORTS FOR WASH- INGTON'S AND Lafayette's soldiers — beef cattle required from DORCHESTER COUNTY — APPEAL TO GOVERNOR LEE FOR ARMS — GEN. HENRY HOOPER SENDS THE COUNTy's QUOTA OF TROOPS TO THE ARMY — BARGES BUILT FOR DEFENCE AND PROTECTION OF COMMERCE ON CHESA- PEAKE BAY— MORE TROOPS REQUIRED AND RECRUITED FOR THE ARMY — TWO COMPANIES OF SELECT MILITIA ORGANIZED — CLOSING YEAR OF THE WAR. ARMY SUPPLIES COLLECTED. In the spring of 1781, when Lord Cornwallis had invaded Northeast Virginia by entering the Chesapeake Bay, the people on both "Shores" were greatly alarmed, and urgent demands for volunteers and army supplies were made to defend the State and aid Washington and Lafayette's soldiers with food and transportation. Dorchester was to furnish 400 head of cattle for the army, either to be bought or seized by authority of an Act for procuring supplies, passed June, 1780. Other counties were required to furnish cattle in Hke proportions, and also pork and flour. At the same time warrants were issued to Quartermaster-Gen. James Sulivane, of Dorchester County, and other quartermaster-generals, giv- ing them authority tO' impress all vessels suitable for trans- porting troops or military stores, with their crews, that could be found in the rivers or harbors of the Chesapeake Bay; tO' be sent immediately to the head of Elk River, and be held under orders from Donaldson Yeats, Deputy Quartermaster- General, to be used to convey Washington's Army tO' Vir- ginia by way of Chesapeake Bay. 232 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY PATRIOTIC DORCHESTER. {Scharfs History.) From the beginning of the war the inhabitants of the East- ern Shore felt the greatest distress for the want of arms. The State suppHed, from time to time, the arms needed for the miHtia when called into service; but the supply was so small that when the militia joined the main army the people at home were left without arms. Under these circumstances, Robert Goldsborough and Gustavus Scott, of Dorchester County, on the sixteenth of January, 1781, addressed the fol- lowing appeal to Governor Lee: "In the present alarming situation of our affairs we should be wanting in attention to the inhabitants of this town and county if we did not apply in the most earnest manner to your Excellency to supply us with the rr:,.,.,, ,. ,., , .. .; ourselves from an enemy so !a<"Hv -nd so frequently almost at our doors; a particular p le State when invaded has the right to expect assi nam the :- parts of it; local circumstanc ■. ^nder it diincuit for the in- habitants of this Shore, exposed as they are to the utmost calamities of war and piracies, to expect assistance from our more powerful neighbors of the Western Shore. The greater then, unquestionable, is the need that we should have t^ means of defence in our own hands. "We cannot but hope it is a fact, not within your Exc^ lency's knowledge, that out of 1700 effective men in this county, not more than 150 of the number can be armed; not a single field-piece, nor ammunition sufificient for our number of arms. This State has no county in it which has mani- fested a more uniform and earnest zeal in the present just and necessary opposition than Dorset; but invasion without the power of resistance, howexer strong the inclination, will and really has sapped the Whigism of our common people; few even of the vulgar are so ignorant as not to know that allegiance and protection are reciprocal; they have fre- APPEAL TO GOVERNOR LEE 233 quently, in the course of the summer, been at the mercy of a cruel enemy without any other weapons to defend them- selves but those that nature gave them. When the enemy landed at Vienna (a town not twenty miles distant from this place) with two barges and thirty men, there were not a dozen effective arms in the town. "The Lieutenant of the County will inform your Excellency of the number of arms and the quantity of ammunition necessary for his militia. We flatter ourselves your Excel- lency will use every means in your power to supply our militia with 500 effective muskets, 2 field pieces, and pow- der and ball sufficient for that number of arms. * * * Provisions of no kind can be bought here on the credit of the State, and the Commissary has not one shilling of public money in his hands. * * *" As required by Act of Congress in May, 1781, to raise two battalions of militia for reinforcing the Continental Army with 1345 men. Gen. Henry Hooper sends the quota from Dorchester. He writes : Dorchester County, June 28, 1781. Sir: I have sent fourteen drafted mihtia men under the care of Lieut. Hugh Maguire, procured under late Act of Assembly, to serve in the Continental Army until the loth day of Dec. next. * * * several of them have been water- men and seem very desirous to serve on board of some of our barges, particularly Peter Harrington, Job Hubbert, Roger Tregoe and Anthony Tall, Jr. I have desired Mr. Maguire to apply to your Board to satisfy him for transporting the drafted men to Annapolis. I have the honor to be Sir, yr very hble servt. Henry Hooper. Dorchester County, in Council. His Excellency, the Governor. 234 HISTORY 01- DORCHESTER COUNTY Names of drafted militia: John Wheeler, Wm. Proctor, Jr., Nehemiah Lingard, Nathan Busick, John Dicks, Anthony Tall, Samuel Hurst, Roger" Tregoe, Levin Thomas, Peter Harrington, Ezekiel Whitcoks, John Booth, Job Hubbert, Wm. Dickenson. At this same session, an Act lor defence of the Bay was also passed, that authorized the building of not over eight barges, to be manned and fitted. On the barge "Fearnought" was part of a crew from Dor- chester County, viz: Captain, Levin Spedden; Nehemiah Beckwith, John Thomas, David Davis, James Frazier, Wm. Frazier, John Thomas, Jun., John Wheeler, William Millby, William Navy, John Frazier. Each man who volunteered to serve on the barges were paid £3 bounty and £3 per month. (See Md. Archives^ BARGE FLOTILLA ON CHESAPEAKE BAY. Extract from the journal of Commodore Grason, on a cruise in the Chesapeake, begun in July, 1781, in command of the barges "Revenge," "Terrible" and "Intrepid." "Monday, 29, at 6, took two small schooners that had been> taken by the enemy, one of which had a negro and a white man on board; the other was ran on shore on Barn Island, and the hands sent over the Bay by one Job Wilson or Williams; he carried on a Salt Works on the Island, which we broke up and took his potts away for assisting the enemy. * * *" Much more interesting matter is recorded in the journal, but not relating to Dorchester County. As the ravages of war depleted the ranks of the American Army, frequent demands for new recruits were made by the General Assembly. THE UPPER AND LOWER BATTALIONS 235 Towards raising two battalions for the State, in July, 1781, the following named recruits were enrolled in Dorchester County : Upper Battalion. William Harrington, Aaron Perry, John Huffington, Foster Hooper, William Pritchett, John Willen, John Stinnett, John Matkins, Thomas Smith, David Murray Stewart Philemon Timmons, John Brily, John Greenwood, James Taylor, Andrew Bramble, Joseph Ross, Levin Collins, Moses Morelake, Elisha Stack, Andrew Kerwen, David Foxwell, Wm. Valient, Elijah Lyons, Potter Shehee, Geo. Buly, , David Medess, Salady Standly, Frederick Johnson, John Dean, John Hambleton, John White, Amos Griffith, William Covey. Lower Battalion. John Dobson, Robert Burress, James Driver, Abel Garner, Aaron Vinson, Mathew Harvey, Jacob Tucker, Richard Harrington, Levin Harrington, George Williams, Godfrey Sullener, William Harper, Richard Hayes, William Roberts, Henry Harper, Timothy Langrall, Aaron Mitchell, Absolom Goostree, Robert Meekins, John Matkins, David Jones, John Willis, William Proctor, David Davis, Levin Ross, John Stevens, 236 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY Lower Battalion — Continued. Thomas Morgan, James Busick, Benjamin Fletcher, Thomas Owens. Recruited for the Corps. Charles Sickle, David Blake, Levi Johnson, Charles Horner, Francis Insley, July 24, 1 78 1. (See Md. Archives.) Robert Johnson, "William Murphy, Joseph Insley, Levin McGraw, Adams Foxwell, John Goldsborough, Recruiting Officer. DORCHESTER MILITIA, SELECT COMPANIES DRAFTED. Dorchester County, Aug. 21, 1781. We have made up two companies of select Militia in this county, the inclosed are lists thereof. As they are principally draughted men and not entitled to choose their officers, I have undertaken to recommend the three first named in each list for commissioned officers; they were commissioned offi- cers in the MiHtia at large. Col. Dickinson's List of officers wanting with Upper Battalion is also inclosed that Commis- sions may be issued accordingly; you will be pleased to have said Commissions issued as soon as you can conveni- ently and send them forward as they are much wanting; also Commissions on Col. Jones' Hst lately lodged with your Board. As we have but a small Quantity of Arms in the county I must request your Excellency will be pleased to send by the Bearer hereof Ninety-six stand of Arms and Ammunition for the Select Militia, I have the Honor to be Sir His Excellency yr very h'ble Serv't The Governor in Council Henry Hooper. SELECT MILITIA 237 Upper Battalion — Select Militia. Anno 1 78 1. Bartholomew Ennalls, Jr., Captain, James McCollister, Lieutenant, John Miles, Ensign, Isaac Williams, Joseph Trippe, Luke WilHams, James Paul, Philemon Dickinson, Mathew Williams, Andrew McColhster, Richard Covey, Henry Windows, Samuel Higgins, Thomas Keys, Wilhs Scottoe, Peter Cook, George Turner, Samuel Shareman, Nehemiah Hubbert, John Dean, Jun. Charles Dickinson, Levin Thomas, Jeremiah Neach, Wallace Crawford, Thomas Delehay, James Hicks, John Hooper (of John), Thomas Canady, Thomas Ball, William Smith, Hooper Hurst, Henry Travers, George Robinson, William Phillips, Jun. Edward Riggin, Edward Jones, Thomas Arnett, William Dingle, Thomas Slaughter, John Sears, Robert Ingram, Hezekiah James, Joseph Croneen, Beacham Harper, Littleton Waller, John Elliott, Jun. Benjamine Shaw, Absalom Harding, William Robinson, James Withgott, Thomas Hamilton. Lower Battalion — Select Militia. Anno 1781. Charles Staplefort, Captain, Richard Tubman, Jr., Lieutenant. Charles Stewart, Ensign, Edward Woolen of John, Benjamine Valient or Nalient, James Gadd, 238 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY Lower Battalion — Continued. Philemon LeCompte of Wm. Thomas Earle, Thomas Abbott, Benjamine Stevens, John Byrn, John Eccleston, Joseph Scott, Wilham Matkin, PhiHp Tall, Charles Thomas, Aaron Wallace, James Johnson, Ezekiel Keene, Jr. Ayres Busick, Thomas Cook, of Bain. John Barney, Robert Ramsey, Nehemiah Beckwith, William Ross of Thos, John Sharpless, Richard Pattison, Jr. James Travers, Jr. Philemon Nathan Staplefort, Edmund Colson, Thomas James, Elie Lane, John Busick, Edward Broadus, William Phillips, John Colson of Thomas, Elijah Pritchett, Henry Brannock, James Busick, Granthorn Earle, William Christopher, Robert Meekins, David Mills, Reubin Ross, John Warren, William Navey, Standley Byus, John Marshall, John Childerstone, William Soward, Simmons. HORSES SUPPLIED THE ARMY FROM DOR- CHESTER COUNTY. In Council, Annapolis, 29, Septr. 1781. Sir: We request you to send all the horses you have collected and not delivered, immediately to this place and have them dehvered to John Bullen, Esq. You will give particular direction to have the horses well taken care of on the road. We are Sir yr. ob't Servt. ^ „ ,,. TT Thos. H. Lee. io Doctor Wm. Hooper, Collector of horses Dorset Countv. CLOSING YEAR OF THE REVOLUTION 239 CLOSING YEAR OF THE REVOLUTION. In the campaign of 1781, Maryland was taxed to the utmost for all resources needful in war to confront the invad- ing foe and sustain the Continental Army in its movements against Lord Cornwallis. Dorchester County, well supplied with grain and live stock tO' feed the army, and sail vessels for its transportation, made heroic sacrifices in the line of duty to assist in winning the final victory at Yorktown, that brought the War for Independence to a successful close. FLOTILLA OF BARGES RENDEZVOUSED AT CHURCH CREEK, MD., BY ORDER OF EASTERN SHORE COMMITTEE. In Special Council, Talbot Court house, October 4, 1781. Ordered that Commodore Grason do cary or cause to be carried the barges "Revenge," "Terrible," and "Intrepid" to Church Creek, and deliver them together with their oars. Sails, Rigging and everything belonging to them with an inventory thereof, to Mr. Robert Richardson, there, who is requested to receive and take particular care of everything put into his hands, for which he shall be allowed a reasonable account. Why were the armed barges laid up before the surrender of Cornwallis' army and fleet of British vessels at Yorktown? Had prophecy foretold the Council of Safety what the results at Yorktown would be? Country Products and Resources. CHAPTER XXVIII. TOBACCO — STATE OF TRADE — LUMBER — SHIPBUILDING — FARMING — INCREASED FACILITIES — MANUFACTURING — OYSTERING — FISHING — TERRAPINS — WILD FOWLS — FUR TRADE. The first crop cultivated for sale by the early settlers in Dorchester County was tobacco. It was at first raised in small quantities and until ports of entry were established on the Eastern Shore, was carried to Patuxent, there tO' be exported mostly to England. It was the chief medium of exchange for merchandise, for the use of the colonists in the county. Larger crops were annually raised for sale or export up to the beginning of the Revolution of 1776, and brought wealth and luxury for those days to the planters. But when the war came and trade with England was suspended, this paying crop was abandoned for corn, wheat, rye and live stock for home consumption and army supplies. These sta- ple crops were thereafter grown until the close of the Civil War in 1865, when changed conditions in agriculture largely retired grain crops on the Eastern Shore for others appar- ently more profitable. Most branches of business in the county have greatly in- creased, some two and threefold, within the last fifty years. Only a few industries have declined and in most cases have been supplanted by others more profitable. Business enter- prise has increased in more rapid proportion than the popula- tion, at present about 28,000, a fact which speaks well of the perseverance and active energy displayed by the inhabitants. Lumbering and shipbuilding, so extensively carried on for more than 150 years is an industry of the county that has suffered the greatest decline. Vast tracts of oak and pine FARMING 241 timber, once so plentiful and cheap, are now almost ex- hausted. As early as 1735, vessel building was active on both the Choptank and Nanticoke Rivers. To name some of the vessels and owners who built that year may not be a thrilling event, but a historical fact, nevertheless. (See record of vessels, Md, Archives) : "Register granted to William Ed- mondson, of Maryland, merchant, being of the people called Quakers, for the Schooner 'Charming Betty' of Maryland, John Coward, Master; square sterned vessel. Burthen ab't thirty Tons, built at Choptank River, in the year 1735, by Henry Trippe, John Anderson, and the said William Ed- mondson owners thereof." June 25, 1735, "Register granted in common form unto Adam Muir of Maryland, Merchant, for the Brigantine, 'Sea Nymph,' of Maryland, Law, Draper, Master, Burthen about fifty tons, square sterned, built in Dorchester County, in the year 1735, for the said Adam Muir, owner thereof." October 22, 1739, a register was granted to "James Bill- ings, merchant, for the ship 'Rider,' about 80 tons, burthen built at Nanticoke River, in 1738. James Billings, Master and owner." Since 1738 many Bay and seacoasting vessels have been built on all the navigable rivers within and bounding the county, and hundreds of cargoes of ship timber have been sent to Baltimore and Eastern cities of the United States for shipbuilding. A much greater bulk of building lumber for general purposes has been shipped out of the county. Forty years ago shipbuilding was a prosperous enterprise at Cam- bridge, Church Creek, Loomtown, Taylor's Island and on the Nanticoke and Northwest Fork Rivers. Now only at two places in the county are vessels extensively built — Brooks' Yard, near Madison, and Linthicum's, at Church Creek. FARMING. Farming has made favorable progress through the adop- tion of improved methods and the substitution of fruit and vegetable crops in the place of larger grain crops formerly 16 242 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY raised. Changed conditions elsewhere, the rapid growth of large manufacturing and commercial cities in and near Mary- land, and the phenomenal production of very large grain crops in the "West," required a change in the farming sys- tem here, thoug'h large crops of wheat, corn, hay and live- stock, sheep, cattle, horses, hogs and poultry have been and still are extensively raised. Wherever progressive energy leads to greater development that requires better facilities for successful advancement, genius skillfully invents methods to meet the exigencies. The fine navigable rivers of Dorchester County, Nature's outlets for its products, were not sufficient to meet the farm- ing demands as larger areas of interior lands were improved and put under cultivation, hence twO' railroads have been built across the county, intersecting each other at right angles that offer greater facilities for rapid transit traffic, so that farmers have been induced to raise large crops of orchard and garden fruits and vegetables on thousands of acres, annually cultivated, that yield fair returns for the reward of labor. A vast area of fertile but neglected land in the southern section of the county only awaits railroad advantages for active and paying development. MANUFACTURING. Manufacturing has always been and still is limited by the absence of good water-power and convenient coal supply. However, there are about twenty water-mills in active opera- tion for the manufacture of flour, meal, hominy and lumber, and fifteen steam mills for like uses in the county. OYSTER, FISH AND CRAB INDUSTRY. Next to agriculture, in importance for resourceful employ- ment and for the support of a large number of people living within and out of the county, is the oyster industry. Before 1830 the commercial value of oysters was very low, ranging from ten to twenty-five cents a bushel. No regular city mar- m ■ r 11 |\\ Vj THE OYSTER INDUSTRY 243 kets had then been estabHshed for buying,, shucking and shipping them to distant points. In 1836, when C. S. Maltby began shucking oysters in Baltimore and shipping them by relays of wagon teams as far as Pittsburg, in Pennsylvania, oystering as a business was begun in Dorchester County. Oyster buyers in boats first came to^ Fishing Bay and other places in the county from Annamessick and established a market for tonged oysters. There was no law to regulate catching oysters then, which were caught and sold at any time and all seasons whenever in demand. The first buyer, with his vessel, from Dorchester County, was Capt. Levin Insley, who began the business in 1840. In a few years the trade became so profitable that oyster dredging was legalized in Somerset County. Soon thereafter the Somerset dredgers began to invade the water of Dorchester in fleets of boats and dredge wdiere oysters were more plentiful than in their own county. To prevent this wholesale robbing of the oyster beds, the Legislature passed an Act authorizing the Sherifif and other of^cers of the county to* arrest any non-resident dredgers found dredging within the limits of Dorchester County. To enforce this law it required the aid of private citizens, who were summoned and sometimes armed tO' assist in driving away these daring oystermen. During efi^orts made to capture some of them that they might be made to sufi^er the penalty of the law, they resisted so forcibly that firearms were used upon them, and occasionally some Somer- set dredger was shot. In these conflicts one or two persons from Deal's Island were killed. This warfare kept up a very bitter feeling in the Somerset people against Dorchester oystermen, which has never entirely subsided but has been at times revived by subsecjuent fights, in which some have been wounded and a man killed in later years. In 1861 violations of the oyster law became so flagrant that the Sherifif of Dorchester County was obliged to forcibly em- ploy the Steamers "Pioneer" and "Cecil," at great cost, and also the Schooners "Taylor's Island" and "Past Grand," "Albert Thomas," and "Regulator," with Capt. James 244 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY Langrall, all of which were armed and equipped to guard the great oyster beds in the county from invasion by dar- ing dredgers from Somerset County, Baltimore City, Phila- delphia and New Jersey. In this period of local protection under county control, William Fallin, a civil officer in Straits, was a bold and fearless leader who probably did more effective work than any other man in the county towards protecting the oyster beds from ruinous depletion by desperate invaders. After the State established police protection in 1870, first under command of Capt. Hunter Davidson and other suc- ceeding officers, several oystermen have been shot who resisted or fled from arrest. Owing to the conflicting inter- ests that originated from the different ways allowed for catch- ing oysters, the time when to be caught and where to be sold, the laws have been frequently changed for proposed im- provements but have failed to benefit people and State as desired, and it is still an undetermined and vexed question as to the best way to perpetuate and improve this valuable indus- try. And while there has been a great diversity of interests and dissensions among the different classes of oystermen in the county, and annual prosecutions for violations of the oys- ter laws for the past thirty years, yet there has been derived from license fees and fines a handsome revenue appropriated for public school uses, that has averaged about twenty per cent, of the county school fund annually, a grand aggregate of $100,000 at least since 1870 for public school education. Crabbing is a summer business, in which oystermen and fishermen engage, catching hard and soft crabs with some profit. Most of the crabs are shipped alive to the city mar- kets. Canning crab meat has not been profitably and per- manently established in the county. Its future is more promising. FISH. In the county waters a variety of fish, millions in numbers, make either a permanent or temporary home for propagation and existence; they are principally caught during spring, TERRAPIN — WILD FOWL — FUR TRADE 245 summer and fall, in hauling- and floating seines, hedge pounds, weirs, and with hook and line, the angler's sport, a practical privilege which every citizen has been freely allowed without restraint of law since the time when the first white man planted his home on the Eastern Shore. The business of trap fishing, chiefly for the migratory species — shad, herring, trout and other kinds, is often profit- able and afifords employment for hundreds of Dorchester cit- izens under regulations of law. The estimated value of fish, an uncultivated food product, fails to receive due considera- tion in point of value by consumers of such healthy and nutritious diet. TERRAPIN. The natural home of the diamond back terrapin in Chesa- peake Bay and tributaries includes the hundreds of salt water coves, creeks and inlets that indent the Bay and river coasts of Dorchester County. Where once they were so plentiful as to be neglected as a table delicacy, they are now so scarce that a terrapin supper is one of the most costly entertain- ments prepared to please epicurean tastes. Terrapin catching as a business is chiefly confined to the oystering and fishing classes. WILD FOWL. W^ary water birds of instant flight, migratory geese and ducks, that annually winter in Maryland waters, afford the finest shooting sport sought by gunners. No table luxuries surpass a feast on wild goose and canvasback duck. FUR TRADE. The fur-bearing animals in the county are of small species, chiefly the otter, mink, muskrat, opossum, rabbit, fox and raccoon. The muskrat skins trebly outnumber all the others combined that are taken by hunters and trappers. This 246 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY traffic has been increasing, for the last thirty years, subject, however, to the variable prices of fur annually set in Euro- pean markets. The number of skins annually sold in the county is surprising. The sales from the winter's catch end- ing in March, 1902, were about 80,000, averaging twenty cents apiece, amounting to over $15,000 for Dorchester fur dealers and trappers. The shipment of muskrat meat and bull frogs to Baltimore market is no burlesque on the county's products and trade. 4' '!# ox TEAM IN TOWN. War of 1812-1815. CHAPTER XXIX. The military records of the State of Maryland of the War of 1812 were removed from the Adjutant General's of^ce in Annapolis to the War Department at Washington during the administration of Governor Hicks, and are not now acces- sible for private citizens to collect historical data therefrom; therefore, the war history of local interest relating to Dor- chester County cannot be fully obtained. In this war with Great Britain, tragic scenes were broad on land and sea, extending from Canada to Louisiana, and from one side of the Atlantic to the other. The declaration of war was made by Congress, June 18, 1812, though not unanimously; six Maryland representatives voted for war and three against it. In the Maryland House of Delegates, resolutions opposing an offensive war were adopted by a vote of forty-one for and twenty-one against. In the Senate a majority favored prosecuting the war with much vigor. While six thousand soldiers were Maryland's quota, twelve thousand volunteered. Without records for examination the volunteers from Dorchester County cannot be named. Not until the spring of 18 13, when the British blockaded Delaware and Chesapeake Bays and invaded the Chesa- peake from mouth to head with a great fleet of war ships and smaller armed vessels under Admiral Cockburn, did the people of Dorchester feel alarmed and realize the danger from such a large force of the enemy sO' strong and so near. While some towns and many farm houses along the Bay and tributaries were plundered and some burnt, Dorchester escaped serious ravages. Many people in the county who lived near the Bav and mouths of the rivers moved their 248 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY live stock and personal property intO' the interior, and organ- ized themselves into squads of home guards for defence, and were ever ready to meet when called by the signal of alarm, which was firing a musket three times in close succession. Some time in August, 1814, a crew on a British barge entered Fox Creek, in Straits, landed and went to Gabriel McNa- mare's and took all of his meats and provisions from his smoke-house, one live hog, cut down some corn in his field and carried away one of his colored men, who, before he left, took his master's best hat and wore it away. One of the enemy's barges at another time went into Norman's Cove, and the crew burnt Capt. Timothy McNamare's vessel and went to Clement McNamara's, plundered his house and car- ried away his farm supply of provisions, and cut out and carried away a "piece" that was in the loom, partly woven. In 1814 a British tender and crew, commanded by Lieut. Phipps, entered Little Choptank River; as they went up the river, they landed at some farm houses and took supplies of provisions. When near Tobacco Stick, they set on fire a schooner and then started to return down the river but ran ashore on a shoal at the mouth of Parson's Creek, where they were temporarily detained. In the meantime, the men in the neighborhood had been apprised of their arrival in the river and hastily organized under command of Capt. Joseph Stewart at Tobacco' Stick, and started in pursuit of the enemy, put out the fire on the burning vessel, then went onward and attacked and captured the tender and her crew. The prisoners, Lieut. Phipps, crew of seventeen men and one colored woman, were taken to Tobacco Stick, kept there one night and the next day marched under guard to Cam- bridge, and from there sent to Easton. One small cannon and some small arms were captured on the barge. The old cannon was then named "Becca Phipps," after the first name of the colored woman prisoner and the last name of the Lieutenant in command. The old gun is still kept at Tay- lor's Island and Madison as a trophy of the naval battle and victory on the Little Choptank, fought and won by the county militia. REWARD FOR BRAVERY 249 In 1816 and 1817 Congress well recognized the bravery and patriotism of Capt. Stewart and his volunteers by passing the following act : '*An Act authorizing the Payment of a Sum of Money to Joseph Stewart and others." Sec. I. "Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep- resentatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Secretary of the Treasury be, and is hereby authorized and required to pay to Joseph Stewart and his associates of Dorchester County, in the State of Maryland, or to their legal representatives, the sum of one thousand eight hundred dollars, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, which money is paid to them for their gallantry and good conduct in capturing, during the late war, a tender belonging to the 'Dauntless.' British Ship of War, and taking eighteen prisoners, to wit: one Heutenant, one midshipman, thirteen seamen, and three marines, and as a compensation for the prisoners so taken." Sec. 2. "And be it further enacted, That any claim which the United States may have to the said captured ves- sel and property shall be, and the same is hereby, released to the said captors." After the passage of this Act many more claimants than fighters claimed a share of the appropriation. The men who came out of the bushes after the battle was over arrived too late to participate in the fight. Hence it became necessary for Congress to pass a second Act and designate who were justly entitled to share in the award. The second Act, p assed in 18 17. states : "That the money authorized to be paid to Joseph Stewart and his associates of Dorchester County, in the State of Maryland, or to their legal representatives by an Act," approved in 1816, "shall be paid to the following persons, their legal representatives or agents, viz : The said Joseph Stewart, Moses Navy, John Bell, Moses Goeghegan, Mathias Travers,, Samuel.. Travers, Henry K. Travers, Hicks North, Thomas Tolly, Joseph Cator, John Willoby, James Hooper, Hugh Roberts, John Tolly, Moses Simmons, Robert Travers, John Simmons, 250 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY Edward Simmons, William Powers, William Geoghegan (of James), William Geoghegan (of Moses), Jeremiah Spicer, Travers Spicer, Jeremiah Travers, William Dove, Thomas Woolen, Samuel Edmonson, Henry Corder, Roger Tregoe, Thomas Arnold, Samuel Creighton, Jeremiah Creighton, Benjamin Keene. Thomas LeCompte, James LeCompte, Fountain LeCompte, Elijah Tall. Charles Woodland, Wil- liam Barnes, William M. Robinson, Joseph Saunders, and Daniel Wilson." Wm. G. LeCompte was a soldier in this war. BRITISH AT TOBACCO STICK. In 1814 a British crew on a tender or barge from one of their war vessels went into the harbor at Tobacco Stick and burnt Capt. Thomas Linthicum's vessel and some other vessels nearby. They carried Capt. Linthicum away and kept him a prisoner about Kent or Poplar Islands for several months. After his release, then half clad and barefooted, an object of pity from great privation while held a prisoner, he walked most of the way to his home in Dorchester County. The burning of these vessels and the capture of Capt. Linthicum at Tobacco Stick caused so much excitement there that the Home Guards constructed barracks on the lot near George Jones' wind mill at the upper end of the town and encamped there for weeks on constant guard antici- pating another attack from the British. The ladies of the town and neighborhood were so patriotic they prepared the food and did the cooking for the militia while encamped there. BRITISH THREATEN DORCHESTER, {Froftt American and Commercial Daily Advertiser.) August 5, 1812. From the Merchants Coffee House Book. By an open boat from Cambridge, which she left on Wed- nesday at 2 P. M., information is received of the light squadron of British being still off James' Point and mouth BRITISH THREATEN DORCHESTER 25 1 of Choptank River; on Tuesday they captured 7 sail of craft in Choptank River with a barge and 10 or 15 men (the brig, in sight), 4 of which they burnt. They fired several shots at a vessel on the stocks, but did not land, i or 2 pieces of Artillery having been sent there from Cambridge. Two schooners, whose maneuvering has rendered them very suspicious, have been stretching from one to the other shore of the Bay for the last three days; one of them has been seen as high as Sandy Point. Last evening, they were hailed by some of the vessels bound down but gave no satisfactory answer. Ten or twelve vessels bound to Choptank put into Annapolis last evening, having spoke the vessels. LATEST. By another boat that left Choptank last night, we leani that the squadron got under way and stood down the Bay; late in the evening they were below James' Island. They took off a Mr. Jones, whose vessel had grounded in coming out of the Creek. He went on board for the purpose of having her restored, by ransom or otherwise, but they paid no attention to him, set her on fire and carried him oflf. The artillery from Cambridge did not reach the shore until they had sailed. During the war many such losses occurred that financially ruined the owners of vessels and other property. Captain Evans, who lived on Sandy Island, at the mouth of Nanticoke River, started out one dark night on his vessel with a cargo for Baltimore. When in Hooper's Straits the wind ceased to blow, and while there becalmed a crew on a British barge came in. Just before they reached the vessel. Captain Evans and his crew started in their small boat for the shore to avoid capture, but soon to see his vessel on fire, which was entirely consumed. The English methods of warfare then were to devastate by fire and plunder the property of those they dare not slay with the sword or thrust with the bayonet. 252 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY Capt. Nathaniel Applegarth's company of militia was at Royal Oak in Talbot County when the British attempted to capture that place. The large force of militia collected there checked the advance of the enemy and saved the little village. British barges several times entered the Nanticoke River and alarmed the people. Captain Craft's company was then called out in anticipation of an attack on several occasions. Below is given a partial list of officers who' served in the militia infantry regiments of Dorchester County during the War of 1812-1815. They were appointed by the Governor and Council of Maryland in August, 1812 : Levin Walter, Major; Wm. Jackson, Jr., Surgeon; Sam- uel Griffin, Surgeon's Mate, Eleventh Regiment, Dorchester County. John Willis, Lieutenant; Wm. Medford, Ensign, in Cap- tain Eccleston's Company, Eleventh Regiment. William Hayser, Captain; Samuel Briely, Jr., Lieutenant; Joseph Whiteley, Ensign, in A Company, Eleventh Regi- ment. Wm. B. Smith, Captain; John Lynch, Lieutenant; Gama- liel Banks, Ensign, in the same Regiment. Minos Adams, Captain; Solomon Davis, Lieutenant; Robert Medford, Ensign, in the same Regiment. John Rowens, Captain; Arthur Lowe, Lieutenant; David Andrew, Ensign, in A Company, Eleventh Regiment. Joseph Elliott, Lieutenant; Richard Pearcy, Ensign, in Captain Craft's Company, same Regiment. • Abraham Saunders, Lieutenant, in Captain Webbs' Com- pany, same Regiment. John Vinson, Ensign of Captain Mills' Company, same Regiment. Wm. Colston, Captain; Samuel Williams, Lieutenant, of A Company, Forty-eighth Regiment, in Dorchester County. The following is a brief list of a few volunteers who served LIST OF VOLUNTEERS 253 either in active line of duty or in the County Mihtia during the War of 1812-1815 : Wm. G. LeCompte. Wm. Pasterfield. Wm. Windsor. Wilham Andrews, of Lakes District, "First Lieutenant in Forty-eighth Regiment (Jones), Md.," Dorchester County Militia. Nathaniel Applegarth, Captain of Dorchester County Militia Company. With no official records to examine, it is difficult to obtain the names of many of the soldiers of the War of 18 12 from family history. Education— Schools. CHAPTER XXX. In early days of the colony of Maryland, some of the chil- dren of the few wealthy settlers were sent to England to be educated; others were taught at home by indentured servant teachers, priests and rectors, while most of the poorer classes were neglected and grew up utterly illiterate. In 1723 an Act was passed for establishing a public school in each county, and a Board of Visitors was appointed in each county to execute this law. The School Board in Dor- chester was Rev. Thomas Howell, Col. Roger Woolford, Maj. Henry Ennalls, Capt. John Rider, Capt. Henry Hooper, Capt. John Hudson and Mr. Govert Lockerman. Teachers for these schools were required to be members of the Prot- estant Episcopal Church, pious (?) and capable of teaching well grammar, good writing and mathematics, for a salary of £20 a year, with free privileges of a dwelling house and firewood, and such food products as were raised on the land allotted for each public school. Though influ- ential men were in charge of educational matters, yet pro- gress was slow, shown by inquiry made by the Bishop of London, in 1724, when he addressed Rev. Thomas Howell, rector of Great Choptank Parish, as follows : "Have you. in your parish, any public school for the instruction of youth? If you have, is it endowed, and who is the master?" The rector's reply was : "There is in my parish one public school, endowed with £20 Sterling current money, which is about 15 shillings Sterling yearly, for which the master is obliged to teach ten charity scholars. The master is Philep Albeck." To a similar inquiry from the Bishop, Rev. Thomas Thompson, rector of Dorchester Parish, replied : "I have no RUN AWAY MAN 255 public school in my parish for the instruction of youth at present, nor any prospect of there being one." The first public free school in the province was King Wil- liam's School, built at Annapolis in 1701 ; the Act to establish it provided for seven visitors or trustees to be appointed from each county; those from Dorchester were Rev. Thomas Howell, rector of Great Choptank Parish, Col. Roger Wool- ford, Maj. Henry Ennalls, John Rider, Capt. Henry Hooper, Capt. John Hudson and Govert Lockerman. In 1753 the Council issued an order that schoolmasters must be licensed, and that teachers of all public and private schools must take the test oaths. Many Catholics refused to take the oaths and closed their schools. The following advertisements in the Maryland Gazette of February 17, 1774, show what class of people were employed in some places as school teachers : "To be Sold — A schoolmaster, an indentured servant that has got twO' years to serve. "N. B. — He is sold for no fault any more than we are done with him. He can learn book-keeping, and is an excellent good Scholar." "RUN AWAY MAN." Dorchester County, January 14, 1771. Ran away from the subscribers, a servant man, named William Henry Bawden, he is a slim made man about 24 years of age and has followed the Occupation of a school master. Had on when he went away, a blue Coat, country made Jacket with Lappells, Snuff colored Velvet Breeches, and wears his own Hair which is black and straight : It is supposed he took a small bay Mare away with him, the Mare has two white Feet, and her mane hangs on the rising side; there was a good Saddle on the Mare, and a Pair of blue Housing Bands with Leather and Surcingle to the Saddle. Whoever takes up the Man and Mare, and secures them, so as the Owners shall get them again, shall have Five 256 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY Pounds paid them if taken out of the County, and if taken in the County, Satisfaction for their Trouble, Paid by the Subscribers. WiNLOCK RUSSUM, Jeremiah Carter. N. B. — The above Servant was born in England, he is a great talker and loves g'aming. The first public school law for the State was passed in 1826. Funds were raised to support the schools by lottery grants. The first school fund raised by taxation was a tax laid on bank stock, of twenty cents on every $100 of stock. In 1864 Rev. Dr. Libertus Van Bokkelin framed a public school law for the State. Under this law, in 1865, he was appointed State Superintendent of Public Instruction. The Board of School Commissioners and Examiners first appointed in Dorchester County under this Act was Dr. E. F. Smithers, President; Travers Spicer. John E. Graham, John G. Robinson and Robert F. Thompson, Commissioners (Thompson, Secretary and Treasurer). There were then but forty-nine school-houses in the county and 1000 pupils enrolled and taught by twenty-nine male and sixteen female teachers. In 1867 this school law was repealed, and, under a new law, another Board of School Commissioners was appointed, viz: Dr. James L. Bryan, who was elected President. February 6, 1867, Daniel J. Waddell, John G. Robinson, John E. Graham, Travers Spicer and Joseph E. Muse, Secretary and Treasurer. On April i, 1868, Dr. James L. Bryan was elected Secre- tary, Treasurer and Examiner of the Board, an of^ce to which he was successively reelected biannually, and which he held continuously until January 30, 1898, a period of almost thirty years. His collegiate education, military train- ing and service in the Mexican War eminently qualified him to organize and superintend the pubhc schools in the county, and to this great work he devoted his time and talents. He PUBLIC INSTRUCTION 257 succeeded in more than doubling the number of schools and teachers and in raising, them to a plane of excellence equal to any others in the State. The Doctor's successor in the ofifice of Secretary, Treasurer and Examiner was Josiah L. Kerr, who well filled the posi- tion until August 7, 1900, when he was succeeded by W. P. Beckwith, the present incumbent, who is ably discharging his responsible duties. Much credit is due the members of the several school boards who have managed public school affairs and school finances in Dorchester for the last thirty-five years with gen- eral satisfaction to taxpayers and patrons. Many citizens to-day, who began within that period to assume the active duties that belong to mature life, highly appreciate the edu- cational advantages they had under the benevolent control of public school officials. In the Appendix are the names of the several Boards of School Commissioners of Dorchester County as far as obtain- able. 17 Federal and Confederate Soldiers from Dorchester County in Civil War, 1861-1865. CHAPTER XXXI. FEDERAL SOLDIERS. The great rebellion of the southern part of the United States that began in 1861, was not the outbreak of an op- pressed people under a tyrannical government — a cause that leads to justifiable revolutions — but, while in pO'Ssession of the legislative and judicial branc)lies of the government in control of its naval and military power, that section of the country voluntarily surrendered all its governmental juris- diction at Washington in the height of political excitement over the loss of the executive branch of the government. They claimed tO' be apprehensive of future interference of their property rights by the minority party then only in executive control, and decided to try to dissolve the Federal Union by the revolutionary method of secession. While Maryland was by common interests and location attached to the South, yet many of her people so- loyally loved their country they could not submit to its dissolution. Hence, many Marylanders entered the Federal Army as volunteers tO' defend and protect the "Union." The First Eastern Shore Regiment of Infantry, Maryland Volunteers, was organized at Cambridge, Md., in September, 1861. James Wallace was elected Colonel. Of this regiment, Companies A, B and C were recruited in Dorchester County. Company A w^as mustered out of service August 16, 1862, by orders from the War Depart- ment, they having refused tO' leave the Eastern Shore tO' do military duty, in Virginia. CONFEDERATE SOLDIERS 259 This regiment, including Companies D, E, F and G from Caroline County, Company H from Talbot County, Company I from Baltimore City, and Company K from Somerset County, were detailed for guard duty along the coast lines of the Eastern Shore of Virginia and Maryland to prevent blockade-runners from carrying ciointraband goods South. When General R. E. Lee invaded Maryland with his army, the First Eastern Shore Regiment asked to be sent to join the Army of the Potomac at the front. They were sent to Bal- timore, and from there marched with General Lockwood's Brigade to Gettysburg, which they reached on the morning of July 3, 1863. and immediately joined the Twelfth Army Corps on Gulp's Hill; went actively into battle and won a record of splendid service. With the Army of the Potomac, they pursued the retreating Confederates to the Potomac River, assisting in the capture of prisoners and munitions of war. xA.fter a brief duty on the upper Potomac, the First Eastern Shore Regiment was ordered back to the Eastern Shore, where it performed guard duty until its partial consolidation with the Eleventh Regiment of Infantry, Maryland Volun- teers, and final disc^iarge of others by the expiration of term of enlistment. (For Roster of Dorchester Companies, see Appendix.) CONFEDERATE SOLDIERS. In 1861 and 1862, after the outbreak of the Civil War, which divided piiblic opinion and sympathy on the great national questions of "States Rights" and negro slavery, a number of young men from Dorchester County of courage and with strong feelings for "Southern Rights," decided to gO' "South" and enter the Southern Army at the risk or sacrifice of their lives in defence of the principles they con- scientiously entertained. It is the purpose here to give some of their names and rank in the Confederate service, with 26o HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY the sad fate or good fortune that each met as a soldier in whatever branch of the military or naval service they enlisted. Following is a list of only a small part of those who< went South during the Civil War from the county : George Lankford, Linkwood, Md., private. Company G, Second Maryland Infantry. McCready, private, Company F, Second Maryland Infantry. McCready, Vienna, Md., private. Company F, Second Maryland Infantry. J. P. Finstwait, Federalsburg, Md., private. Company G, Second Maryland Infantry. Wounded and died on battle- field, near Gulp's Hill, at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, 1863. William Laird, Second Maryland Infantry. Winder Laird, Adjutant, Second Maryland Infantry, Killed in Battle on Weldon Railroad. George Manning, Drawbridge, Md., Sergeant, Company G, Second Maryland Infantry. Returned home after the close of the war. Willis V. Brannock, Church Creek, Md., Corporal, Com- pany A, Second Maryland Infantry. Returned home. William Brannock, Townpoint, Md., private, Company G, Second Maryland Infantry. Washington Vickers, East New Market, Md., private, Company G, Second Maryland Infantry. Returned home. Detailed to Life Saving Station. James L. Woolford, Milton, Md., private. Company G, Second Maryland Infantry. Returned home. George Twilley, Salem, Md., private. Company G, Second Maryland Infantry. Returned home. Benjamin Twilley, Hartford, Conn., private, Company G, Second Maryland Infantry. Returned home. William H. Bryan, Madison, Md., Company G, Second Maryland Infantry. Returned home. George A. Smith, Vienna, Md., private, Corporal, Sar- CONFEDERATE SOLDIERS 26I geant, Fourth Maryland Battery. Served throughout the war; returned home. John Green, Fourth Maryland Battery. Thomas Canfield, private, Fourth Maryland Battery. Died in service. John Tregoe, Madison, Md., private, Chesapeake Battery. Returned home. John Mowbray, Cambridge, Md., private, Chesapeake Bat- tery. Returned home. Frank Stewart. Battle Mountain, Nev., private, Chesa- peake Battery. Returned home. Daniel Lloyd, Cambridge, Md., private, Chesapeake Bat- tery. Returned home, Travers Davis, Taylor's Island, Md., private. Ninth Vir- ginia Cavalry. Returned home. Charles Tubman, Church Creek, Md., private. Artillery Service. Returned home. Samuel N. Breerwood, private. Returned home. Martin Tull, Dorchester County, private, Detailed Service. Returned home. F. C. Hackett, private. Luke Hackett, private, detailed to Commissary Depart- ment. Died in Chimborazo Hospital in 1863. Frank H. Jones, from Williamsburg, Md., went to Rich- mond, Va., in November, 1862. He volunteered in the Con- federate service, was wounded at Fredericksburg by a frag- ment of a shell in December, 1862, which kept him in a hospital several months. He then was detailed clerk in the Quartermaster's Department at Hanover C. H. In 1863 he was sent to Richmond for telegraph duties, and was severely exposed in that line of volunteer service in numer- ous engagements, and along advanced picket lines. In 1864 he reenlisted and recruited the Second Regiment of Alabama and Tennessee Border Rangers, of which he was elected Colonel and served until the close of the war in Gen. B. Hill's brigade. After the surrender of General Lee's 262 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY Army, Colonel Jones remained in the South until 1880 and then returned home to Dorchester County, Md. Dr. Thomas H. Williams, from Cambridge, Md., entered the Confederate service as Surgeon. For his excellent ser- vice and professional skill, he was promoted to Assistant Sur- geon-General of the C. S. A., where he served until the close of the War, when he returned to Cambridge to prac- tice his profession and where he also' engaged in the "drug" business. J. McKenney White left Cambridge early in July, 1861, with a party including Winder Laird, Lake Scleigh, William Laird, John Phillips, Elias Griswold and a large man they called "Jeff Davis," all of whom joined Wm. H. Murray's Company H, First Md. Reg't, except Griswold, who was appointed Provost Marshal of Richmond. This company had been mustered into service June 18 as one year volun- teers and not being liable for longer service, was mustered out of service at Staunton on June 18, 1862, after having been in numerous fights, first at Manassas, wdiere their Col- onel Arnold Elzey was promoted on the field. Kirby Smith's brigade, consisting of the ist Md., loth and 13th Va., and 3d Tenn. of Joe Johnson's Army, broke the Federal Army lines by their charg-e in this fight. This regiment then went throiigh Stonewall Jackson's Valley Campaign, in which it bore a most conspicuous part. (See ofificial orders of Jackson and Ewell.) Mr. White was so severely wounded at Cross Keys, June 8, 1862 (one oi the closing battles of the campaign), that he was disabled for active service in the field until the spring of 1864. During the time of his disability for active service he was an assistant and passport clerk to Major Griswold, Provost Marshal of Richmond. The trouble from his w^ounds so increased that he was transferred to- the Second Auditor's ofifice in the Confederate Treasury Department. While there, General Grant's Army crossed the Rapidan. Mr. White resigned his position and rejoined the Army as private with Murray's Company A, 2d Md. Infantry, and with this regfiment he remained until the close of the War. CONFEDERATE SOLDIERS 263 He was again wounded in the charge of the 2d Md. Reg't at Cold Harbor, where that regiment won imperishable honors for heroic bravery. (See Lee's and Breckinridge's official reports.) Then he went through the arduous and trying campaign around Petersburg and was in the midst of the desperate fighting at the Weldon Railroad, Hatcher's Run, and at all points wherever the 2d Md. could be placed to confront the Federal Army. After the close of the War, Mr. White returned to Mary- land and is now one of Baltimore's prominent and prosper- ous business men. A. Hamilton Bayly. Cambridge, Md., entered the Confed- erate Army and joined Peyton's Battery, in which he was Sergeant. No details of service are given. He returned to Cambridge, where he now lives, actively engaged in business. Dorchester County from Another Point of View. CHAPTER XXXII. In the heart of the Eastern Shore lies fair Dorchesterland, an expanse of gentle undulations, in the upper section here and there crowned with diminutive hills and broad fields, in season full of white, gold and amber-colored grain, sweet- blossomed clover and varied orchards laden with ripe and luscious fruits, and intervening woodlands of stately oak and evergreen pine, that lend reflection to the attractive view of the receding plain; the low southlands that level and stretch away with the downward course of the county rivers as they go out to meet the Bay. On this charming landscape live a thrifty, happy, courteous and kind people, the descendants of a noble ancestry, chiefly English, with a slight sprinkling of Irish, Welsh and Scottish blood, a racial combination that has given the English some wit, tempered Irish impatience and modernized Welsh and Scottish irony. What our ancestry was heredity has largely made us, a typical people, whose lot in life has been so favorably cast in the midst of a peninsular garden, overflowing with Nature's bounties, graphically described by Calvin Dill Wilson in Lip- pincotfs Magazine of January, 1898. In part he says : "It is a famous region. Its local name is known to most of the intelHgent citizens of the United States. * * * j^- ^^s greatness of its own and has claims upon attention. Its situation is interesting; its population has a marked char- acter; its products are valuable and are in demand every- where in this land and in many places outside of America, and its fame great because of the sensations it provides for the palates of men. The Eastern Shore lies like an arm thrust up by the ocean between the Atlantic and the Chesa- A PENINSULAR GARDEN 265 peake Bay; around it break the surge and thunder of the sea and ocean's breezes sweep perpetually over it. * * * It is a garden and an orchard. Nature seemed unkind when she strewed this sand upon clay without stones; but she repented, clothed it all in verdure, made it yield almost every fruit, vegetable and berry in profusion and of finest quality, filled even the swamps with cypress, cedar and pine, stored the streams with fishes, filled the waters along the coasts with shell fish, * * * gg^t flocks of birds into fields and woods, and flights of wild fowl upon all the waters." Historical Notes. CHAPTER XXXIII. DEMOLISHED CHAPEL. The chapel built in St. Mary — Whitechapel Parish — by- authority of an Act of Assembly, passed July 4, 1755, was used for church service until the Revolution in 1776, when it seems to have been abandoned by rector and vestry. After standing unused for many years, about 181 2, the neighbors decided to tear it down and divide the old material among themselves. Benjamin Nichols and Hj&nry ^Nichols, his brother, assisted in its demolition, and got some of the bricks for their share which are in the kitchen chimney on the farm now owned by Jasper Nicols, near Hynson. The lot where the chapel stood is in part an old graveyard, in which is a broken marble slab, on which is the memorial inscription of Thomas Haskins. The farmer's plow has not invaded all of this lot, which has been known for the last hundred years as the "Church Old-field." RELIEF OF POOR. In 1785 an Act was passed to provide for the building of alms and workhouses. The trustees of the poor at this time in Dorchester County were Henry Hooper, Robert Harri- son, Joseph Ennalls, Joseph Daffin, Nathaniel Manning, James Steele and Robert Griffith. The penalty for refusing to serve as trustee was ten pounds of current money. The poor were compelled to work if able. Those who received alms had to wear a badge of letters "P. D." cut from red or blue cloth upon the shoulders of the right sleeve. The penalty for disobeying this regulation was abridging or with- DATES OF LOCAL EVENTS 267 drawing the usual allowance or a whipping of not more than ten lashes or hard labor for not more than twenty days. The people were unable to pay the taxes for the support of these buildings and, in 178S, the trustees were empowered tO' make use of all free school property for that purpose. In 1793 a law was passed that poor dependent children, "under the ages of three years, should be put out in the neighbor- hood at the most favorable terms to be obtained to be nursed and supported." "HUE AND CRY." Dorchestei: County Justices, as in other counties of Mary- land in colonial days, were required to appoint constables for every hundred in the county once every year, who swore on taking office to "levy hue and cry," and cause refractory criminals to be taken. The hue and cry method of looking for criminals was a custom in remote Anglo-Saxon time, when all the popula- tion went to hunt the thief. DATES OF LOCAL EVENTS. Cambridge Academy was incorporated in 18 12. An Act authorizing a lottery to raise a sum of money for building a wharf at Cambridge was passed in 1809. In the year 1793 the Town Commissioners of Cambridge were authorized tO' establish and regulate a market there. An Act to open a public road from Federalsburg to Crotcher's Ferry was passed the same year. Wild deer living in the forests of Dorchester County in 1799 were permitted to be killed by hunters from September 5 to December 15 annually. A fine of $30 imposed on white men and thirty-nine lashes inflicted on slaves were the penalties for killing each deer during the exempt period. A public road was opened from Hunting Creek to Dover, in Talbot County, in 1765. 268 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY A COINCIDENCE. In 1775 the Dorchester Delegates to the Convention or General Assembly at Annapolis were composed of Capt. Henry Travers, Col. Henry Hooper, and James Sulivane, Esqrs. The first was the great-grandfather of Samuel M. Travers. The second was the great-grandfather of Mrs. Mary E. Hooper, nee LeCompte, mother of Jeremiah P. Hooper. The third was the great-grandfather of Col. Clemr- ent Sulivane, who, with Capt. Samuel M. Travers, in later years represented Dorchester County in the Legislature of Maryland. POPULATION OF DORCHESTER COUNTY CENSUS OF 1900. Dorchester County, 27,962. District i, Fork, 1850; Dis- trict 2, East New Market, including East New Market town, 2398; District 3, Vienna, 1522; District 4, Parsons Creek, 946; District 5, Lakes, 1740; District 6, Hooper Island, 1298; District 7, Cambridge, including Cambridge town, 7346; Dis- trict 8, Neck, 1350; District 9, Church Creek, 1159; District 10, Straits, 2120; District 11, Drawbridge, 1082; District 12, Williamsburg, 699; District 13, Bucktown; 1024; District 14, Linkwood, 1219; District 15, Hurlock, 1379; District 16, Madison, 830. The density of population averages 46 to the square mile. Only four other counties in the State, Calvert, Garrett, Charles and Worcester, have less than fifty to the square mile. DIVISION III. Family History, Genealogy and Biography. CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTORY. If this volume could contain sketches of all the leading families in Dorchester County, and printer's ink was free for publishing them, the author would cheerfully devote days and months to make honorable mention of the names of hundreds of excellent citizens whose social influence and business pursuits have largely developed the wealth and fame that belongs to the county. In the selections made for pub- Hcation, neither wealth, name nor fame has influenced the choice, but the jurist and statesman, politician and "divine," have been placed on the same plane with their constituents and people they served by permission, whose course of con- duct and vocations in life have built strong our institutions of State. While much has been duly said about soldiers and civil offi- cers that give them prominent reference in this history, yet they were only a small fraction of the good and great peo- ple of Dorchester County. The noblest heroes that the Creator ever made are the dutiful, toiling masses. To this class of our ancestry, fathers and mothers, sons and daugh- ters, of the industrial fields of manual labor, the county owes its true worth and financial greatness. Many of our grand and great-grandparents were born in humble homes, lived without honorable mention, labored without public notice or praise, died with an untold history, and now rest in long- 2/0 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY ago-forgotten graves. To them we owe a great share of gratitude for our present surroundings and happiness. THE AIREY FAMILY. Rev. Thomas Airey was born at Kendal, Yorkshire, Eng- land, in 1701. He came to the Province of Maryland in 1726, was inducted into the office of Priest of Great Chop- tank Parish, of Dorchester County, in 1728, by letter from the Lord Proprietary, Charles Calvert, Governor of Mary- land. Rev. Thomas Airey: was the second Rector of Christ Church, Cambridge. He married, first, Elizabeth Pitt. Children by the first wife were : 1. Mary, who married Thomas Martin, of Talbot County in 1772. 2. Elizabeth, married Geo. Gale, of Somerset County. Left issue. 3. Sarah, married Capt. William Haskins, of Dorches- ter County, in 1759. Left issue. 4. Frances, married Thos. Ennalls. 5. Anne, no record. 6. Joseph, no record. 7. Leah, married Andrew Skinner Ennalls, son of Thomas and Ann Skinner, his wife. 8. John, married Elizabeth Edmondson. 9. Louisa, married Robert Gilmore, of Baltimore, Md. The second wife of Rev. Thomas Airey was Milcah, widow of John Gale, of Somerset County, and daughter of Henry Hill and his wife, Mary Denwood. The children of Rev. Thos. Airey and his second wife were : 1. Thos. Hill Airey, married Mary Harris, of Queen Anne's County, daughter of Thomas Harris and his wife, who was a Miss Edmondson. 2. Milcah, married, i, Robert Pitt, of Virginia; 2, Thos. Firmin Eccleston in 1782; 3, Thomas Martin, of Talbot County, in 1788, THE ANDERSONS COL. E. E. BRALY 2/1 Robert and Milcah Pitt left one son, Samuel Wilson Pitt, who married Mary Scott in 1793. Their children were: 1. Robins, no record. 2. Charles, married Rosanna Colston. 3. Matilda, married George Winthrop. 4. Eliza, married Wm. Hooper. The children of Milcah Pitt, nee Airey, and Thos. Firmin Eccleston, were: 1. Leah, married Covert Haskins. 2. Thos. I. H., married Sarah Ennalls Hooper. The Airey family left many descendants, some of whom are still surviving in numerous family Hnes. Harry Gilmore of C. S. A. fame, descended from Louisa Airey. WILLL\M C. ANDERSON AND HIS ANCESTRY. The maternal grandfather of Wm. C. Anderson was Dr. Edward White, of Cambridge, Md. Curtis Anderson mar- ried Mary White, daughter of Dr. Edward White and Mary , his wife. They had one surviving son, Thos. W. Anderson, who was baptized a Methodist in infancy by Bishop Francis Asbury in 18 14. Thos. W. Anderson was, in early childhood, left an orphan, and was raised by Thomas White, son of Dr. Edward Wliite. He married Miss Eliza- beth K. Eccleston, daughter of James Eccleston. William C. Anderson, son of Thos. W. Anderson, and Elizabeth K. (EcclestO'n), his wife, now reside in Cambridge. He is clerk to the Board of County Commissioners, being appointed in October, 1894. COL. E. E. BRALY. Col. E. E. Braly, proprietor of Hotel Dixon, in Cam- bridge, Md., came from the Rigg's House in Washington, D. C, and opened a hotel in Cambridge in 1887. His afYa- ble manners and excellent management have attracted pub- lic patronage that has made his business both profitable and progressive. 272 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY His qualifications and characteristics of the true type of a gentleman were inherited from an English-German ances- try. Up-to-date business men, like the Colonel, are making Cambridge a model city of modern conveniences. THE BROOKE FAMILY. {Genealogical Notes, Dr. Christopher Johnson.) Michael Brooke enters his demand for rights 24th June 1654, for himself, his wife and two servants (Land Of^ce, Lib. ABH, fol. 380). 5th April, 1662, he enters rights for 400 acres given him "by way of gift from the Governor and Council" for public service done (Land Office, Lib. 5, fol. 59). He was Justice of Calvert County, 1655 (Md. Archives, X, 413), and 1658 (Lib. S, fol. 54). He was one of the Provincial Commissioners of Maryland, 1655-56 (Md. Archives, iii, 317, 320). He represented Calvert County in the General Assembly or House of Burgesses, 1657-1660 (Md. Archives, i, 359, 382; Lib. S, fol. 26). loth February, 1663-64, Francis Brooke, relict of Michael Brooke, of St. Leonard's Creek, Calvert County, was granted administra- tion in the estate of the said Michael (Lib. BB, fol. 190). His widow, Frances, subsequently married Henry Trippe, of Dorchester County, who, in 1665, demands, as her hus- band, the renewal of a warrant for land which had formerly issued to Michael Brooke (Land Office, Lib. 9, fol. 26). Michael Brooke and Frances, his wife, had issue; one son: I. Dr. John Brooke, of whom further. Dr. John Brooke, son of Michael and Frances, lived at first in Calvert County. 6th February, 1667, John Brooke, of Calvert County, Chirurgeon, heir apparent to Michael Brooke, deceased, acknowledges to have received of Henry Trippe full satisfaction for two-thirds of the estate of said Michael as per inventory (Lib. FF, fol. 553). He removed THE BROOKES 273 later to Dorchester County, perhaps in consequence of his mother's second marriage, and there took prominent part in public affairs. He was Justice of Dorchester in 1671, 1676, 1680 and 1689 (Lib. CD, fol. 431; Md. Archives, xiii, 244; XV, 131, 326), and represented the county in the House of Burgesses, 1681-84. 1688 and 1692 (Md. Archives, vii, 227, 341, 457; xiii, 20, 153, 253). Dr. John Brooke was twice married. His first wife, whom he married in Calvert County, was Katherine, widow of Robert Stevens. 14th April, 1669, a scire facias issued to the Sheriff of Calvert County, at the prosecution of Daniel Jenifer and Mary, his wife, executrix of William Smith, deceased, against John Brooke and Katherine, his wife, late Katherine Stevens, administratrix of Robert Stevens (Lib. CD, fol. 403). His second wife, who survived him, was named Judith. Dr. John Brooke and his second wife, Judith, both died in 1693. It is difiticult to determine from the wills what issue he had, but it is clear that he had, with other issue, two daughters, both by the first wife, viz : 1. Anne Brooke, m^arried, i, Thomas Cooke; 2, John Stevens. 2. Mary Brooke, married Joseph Ennalls. Anne Brooke, daughter of Dr. John and Katherine, his first wife, married, first, Thomas Cooke, of Dorchester County, who died in 1692-93. In his will, dated 25th Janu- ary, proved 7th March, 1692-93, he appoints his wife Anne his executrix and mentions four children, two sons and two daughters, viz : 1. Babington Cooke. 2. John Cooke. 3. Anne Cooke. 4. Mary Cooke. Before 1696, Mrs. Anne Cooke, widow of Thomas, mar- ried John Stevens, of Dorchester County. i6th May, 1696, came John Stevens and Anne, his wife, executrix of Thomas Cooke, late of Dorchester County, deceased, and exhibited 18 274 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY their account, etc. (Test. Proc. Lib. 24, fol. 162). By her second husband she had at least one daugnter : I. Sarah Stevens, married Thomas Woolford (see Stevens family). NOTES. The will of Dr. John Brooke is dated 24th January, 1692-93, and was proved 21st March, 1692-93. Mentions testator's grandchild, Babington Cooke; grandchild, John Cooke; Joseph Ennalls, who married testator's daughter; granddaughter, Martha Lawrence, under 16 years of age; bequests to Daniel Sherwood, Edward Hambleton and Ralph Dawson, Junior. (Annapolis, Wills, Lib. 7, fol. 26.) Judith Brooke (widow of Dr. John), dated nth July, proved 7th December, 1693. Mentions the chief testatrix is now pregnant of; daughter-in-law (i. e., stepdaughter), Mrs. Anne Cooke; daughter-in-law, Mary Ennalls, and her eldest daughter, Mrs. Mary Sherwood; Anne Cooke, the younger, and Mary Cooke; John Cooke, son of Mrs. Anne Cooke; Martha Lawrence; testatrix's sister, Barbara Thorp; bequests to John Sands and John Jones, Margery Smith and her child, James Chambers; Katherine Clayland, under 16 years old; Richard Dawson; Andrew Booth; Mary Sherwood, the younger; Katherine Sherwood; Margaret Hambleton, wife of William Hambleton; Grace Hopkins, the elder; Mrs. Col- lins; Daniel Sherwood and Edward Hambleton; Richard Collins; beloved friend, Mr. Hugh Sherwood, the elder, of Talbot County, executor. (Annapolis, Wills, Lib. 7, folio 33.) 7th May, 1723. John Stevens and Anne, his wife, and Babington Cooke, all of Dorchester County, to William Ennalls, of said county, tract of 50 acres called "The Adven- ture," in Dorchester County. Anne Stevens, daughter of John Brooke, late of Dorchester County, Chirurgeon, deceased, and wife of above-named John Stevens, deputes her friend, John Eccleston, to acknowledge this deed for her. (Dorchester Co. Rec, Lib. 8, old, fol. 57-58.) THE CARROLLS THE CARROLLS. 275 Brms ot Carroll, Cbiefs of Bl^, •ffjlng's County, Ifreland. The Maryland Carrolls have borne a prominent part for over two centuries in the social, professional and political development of the State. Among those who have been especially prominent may be mentioned Rev. John Carroll, first Roman Catholic Arch- bishop in this country; Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, a name preeminent in the history of the country; Charles Carroll, Barrister of Annapolis, whose brilliant articles are acknowl- edged to have been leading factors in molding public senti- 276 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY ment in colonial times; Thomas King Carroll, one of the Legislative Governors of Maryland; John Lee Carroll, Gov- ernor at a later period; Anna Ella Carroll, "the unrecognized member of Lincoln's Cabinet," and Dr. Thomas King Car- roll, an eminent physician of the Eastern Shore. The Carrolls trace their ancestry in unbroken line to the Carroll who led the Elyans, A. D. 10 14. When some of the family emigrated from Ireland to this country, they settled first in Virginia, and came to Maryland about 1640, where they have lived for successive generations to the pres- ent day. It is only of the immediate ancestors of those living in Dorchester County that this history permits further mention. They first became identified with the country about 1840, when Gov. Thomas King Carroll removed there with his family from Kingston Hall, Somerset County, Md., the an- cestral home of this branch of the Carrolls. James Carroll, of St. Mary's County, Md., married Araminta Thompson in 1745. One of their sons. Col. Henry James Carroll married Elizabeth Barnes King, daughter and heiress of Thomas King, of Kingston Hall, Somerset County, Md., a member of a family as distinguished and hon- orable in Ireland as the Carrolls. They had twO' sons, Thomas King and Charles Cecilius. The latter lived at Kingston Hall until his education was completed, and after- wards studied law in Baltimore in the ofBce of the eminent lawyer, John V. F. McMahon, and was admitted to the bar there. He served several terms in the State Legislature, but soon after his marriage he removed to St. Louis, Mo., where the rest of his life was spent in the practice of his pro- fession. He married Annie Smith, of Snow Hill, Worcester County, Md., daughter of Isaac P. Smith, and who had three sisters and three brothers; Rosina married Dr. Gove Sauls- bury, Governor of Delaware; Margaret married Daniel M. Bates, Chief Justic^e of Delaware; Sarah Elizabeth married George H. Martin, of Philadelphia. THE CARROLLS 2.JJ Her brothers were Dr. A. Hamilton Smith and Edward S. Handy, and Isaac Smith Handy who had their names changed, to inherit property — all of Philadelphia. Charles Cecilius Carroll and Anne Smith had twO' sons and five daughters: Edward C. Carroll, of Vickburg, Miss.; Charles C. Carroll, of St. Louis, Mo.; Mrs. Nellie Carroll Taber, of Keoikuk, Iowa; Elizabeth and Anne, who died in St. Louis, and Margaret Handy Carroll, who married Dr. Thomas King Carroll, of Dorchester County, Md. Thomas King Carroll, Governor of Maryland in 1829, was born at Kingston Hall, Somerset County. He gradu- ated at Princeton with high honors at an early age. Re- turning to Maryland, he studied law in the office of Ephraim King Wilson, who. was named for Thomas King, and was the father of the late E. King Wilson, U. S. Senator from Maryland. After being admitted to the bar he was associ- ated in practiae with Robert Goodloe Harper, the son-in-law of Charles Carroll, of Carrollton. While in Baltimore he married Juliana Stevenson, daughter of Dr. Henry Steven- son, one of the leading physicians of the day, and especially noted for having introduced inoculation for smallpox, converting his private mansion on Parnassus Hill into^ a hos- pital to be used for that purpose. Upon the death of his father, Thomas King Carroll returned to Kingston Hall, living there until he removed to Dorchester County, in 1840. He was elected to the Leg- islature, attaining his majority only the day befor(e taking his seat, and was the youngest member ever elected to this Assembly. He was a gifted and cultured man, of unimpeach- able integrity and lofty character. He continued to serve in the Legislature until that body elected him Governor. It may be mentioned here that some member of each genera- tion of the Carrolls represented the people in the Assembly from the formation of the State Government to the Civil War. At the expiration of his term as Governor, Governor Car- roll retired to private life, the only office he afterwards held 278 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY being Naval Officer of the Port of Baltimore. He died at his residence in Dorchester County, in October, 1873, and is buried in the cemetery of Old Trinity Church, where also his wife and five of his children are interred. Governor Carroll was the father of the following children, all of whom were born at Kingston Hall : Anna^Ella, Henry, James, Juliana. Thomas King married Margaret Handy Carroll; Henrietta Stevenson married Dr. John Chew Gib- son, of Talbot County; Ada married Dr. Wm. J. Bowdle, of Dorcjh ester County; Sallie married Thomas Cradock, of Bal- timore County. Anna Ella Carrodl was the most distinguished and brilliant woman Maryland ever produced, and during the Civil War gained a national reputation by her services to the govern- ment. Her sympathies were enlisted for the national cause, and she began a series of articles. that at once attracted the attention of Lincoln and the administration. As the author of the "Tennessee Campaign," she soon became famous. Though her claim toi this is incontestably established by doc- uments still on file in the Congressional Library in Washing- ton, and acknowledged by Lincoln himself and nearly all ol the leading men of the day, in private letters to her (now in the possession of a member of the Carroll family), she never received public rec] ignition. Secretary Stanton said of her: "Her course was the most remarkable in the war. She got no pay and did the great work that made others famous." Governor Hicks of Mary- land attributed largely tO' her influence his success in keeping the State in line. It is to- be hoped that future historians may some day accord to her the justice denied her in life. She died in Washington, D. C, where she had lived for some years, in Februa^)^ 1894. and her remains were brought to Dorchester County and interred beside those of her father and mother. Some of the letters, reports and documents concerning Miss Carroll's military services have been reproduced and compiled in her biography. THE CARROLLS 279 No' history of Dorchester County would be complete with- out more than a passing mention of Dr. Thomas King Car- roll, who, as a man and as a physician, soi ably sustained the reputation of his distinguished ancestors. His influence was felt throughout the county both in public and private life. Probably no one man made an impress so imperishable, or cointributed so' largely, to the shaping of those events which have marked the advancement of the people in this county. Thomas King Carroll, son of Governor Thomas King Car- roll, and Juliana Stevenson, was born at Kingston Hall, Som- erset County, August 31, 1821. Graduating at Washington Academy, he began the study of medicine under Dr. Samuel Chew of Baltimore, and at once exhibited a peculiar talent and ability for the profession. Graduating in 1846 from the University of Maryland, he opened an office in Baltimore, where he practiced for a short time. Receiving a petition from the citizens of Dorchester County asking him toi settle there, he complied with their request and began the real work of his life, which he dedicated with heroic devotion to those among whoin and for whom he lived for over half a century. In adknowledgment of his services in this capacity, a beautiful moinument, "erected by the people" to his memory, was dedicated June 12, 1901, in the cemetery of Old Trinity Church — the only monument ever erected in the State to a private citizen, and probably the first one ever erected to a physician by the spontaneous offerings of his patients and friends. The memorial services, attended by a concourse of people from all parts of the comity and State, attested the love, honor and respect in which they held the memory of one whose loss to them was irreparable. Dr. Carroll was a man of versatile talents. A judge once said of him, after hearing his testimony in an important case: "That the law had lost a briUiant star which the medical pro- fession had gained." He possessed in a remarkable degree the power of mag- netism, attracting all with whom he came in contact, and 28o HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY instinctively creating, that feeling- of faith and trust so essen- tial to the success ol a physician. In the memorial address was said of him: "The record of his half-century of prac^- tical \vork fulfilled the promise of his native talent and cultivated mind, and, looked over from the standpoint of modern science, justifies the reputation which he securely estabhshed as a successful and learned practitioner of the healing art. He added a generous heart to a well-stored mind, and the two, acting in perfect unison, made him] respected for his skill and beloved for his personal traits of character. * * * j^- ^vas a pleasure to know him; it ought to be an inspiration to remember him. His chief thought was to do his duty; his chief passion to relieve pain, to comfort and to cure." His was a nature thoroughly imbued with the high ideals and possibilities of a noble profession, and so well did he live up to them that wherever his name is known it stands for the purest type of a gentleman and ideal physician. Though it is as the physician that Dr. Carroll's name will be transmitted to posterity, he served the people none the less faithfully and advantageously when they entrusted their pub- lic interests to^ his keeping. He was three times elected to the State Legislature, twice toi the House of Delegates and once to the Senate, withdrawing his name as candidate for United States Senator to return tO' the practice of his pror- fession. During his terms in the Legislature he was an acknowledged leader, and instigated and carried through many bills of lasting benefit to the people of the county, and from which this, the third generation, is now profiting. Par- ticularly is this the case in regard to public education, as he framed and was instrumental in having passed the bill for the establishment of the first free schools in Maryland. After his term in the Senate expired, he never again held or sought public office, yet he exerted a marked influence in local affairs to- the year of his death, which occurred at his home, "Walnut Landing," January 9. 1900. He was a man, take him all in all; we shall not look upon his like again. CARROLL TOMBS, CHURCH CREEK. THE DENWOODS 28 1 Dr. Carroll married in December, 1852, Miss Margaret Handy Carroll, of St. Louis, Mo., and had eight children: Thomas King, Charles Cecilius, Harry Stevenson, Margaret Handy, Victor C, Julia Stevenson, Vivian and Nellie Calvert. The coat-of-arms of Maryland and the State motto were adopted from those of the Calverts, who are connected by marriage with this branch of the Carrolls. THE DENWOOD FAMILY. {Genealogical Notes, Dr. Christopher Johnson.) Levin Denwood settled in Virginia before 1633 and was one of the Justices of Northampton County in 1654 and 1657 (Northampton Co. Rec). A certificate was issued to him 23d March, 1640, for 550 acres due him for transporting himself, his wife and other persons (Northampton Co. Rec, Lib. I, fol. 162). In 1665 he was living in Accomac County (Lib. 1663-66, fol. 102) and probably died not long after. His daughter, Mary, married Roger Woolford, who settled in Somerset County, Md., and it was probably this connec- tion that determined the removal of the Denwood family from Virginia to Maryland. The following entries from the Land Office at Annapolis throw light upon their removal : loth July, 1665, Roger Woolford enters these rights. Levin and Sarah Denwood, John Wells, Martha Robinson, and Owen Mackara (Lib. 8, fol. 486). 13th February, 1667, Roger Woolford, of Somerset County, proved rights for transporting Mary, Thomas, Elizabeth and Rebecca Den- wood, Richard Prinum, Barbara Gilbert, Thos. Somers and Elizabeth Gradwell (Lib. 11, fol. 229; Lib. 12, fol. 359). 17th November, 1670, Liveing Denwood, of Somerset County, proved his right to 50 acres for transporting his wife, Priscilla (Lib. 16, fol. 13). 13th June, 1671, Levin Denwood, of Somerset County, proved his right to 50 acres for transporting his son, Levin, out of Virginia into this pro- vince (Lib. 16, fol. 302). Levin Denwood and Mary, his wife, had issue : I. Arthur Denwood. 282 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY 2. Thomas Denwood. 3. Levin Denwood, of whom further. 4. Luke Denwood. 5. Susanna Denwood, married Thos. Browne. 6. Mary Denwood, married Roger Woolford (see Wool- ford family). 7. Elizabeth Denwood, married, 4th July, 1669, Henry Hooper (see Hooper family). 8. Rebecca Denwood, married, 15th November, 1679, Neh. Covington. 9. Sarah Denwood, married Hicks. Levin Denwood, son of Levin and Mary, removed, as above stated, from Virginia and settled in Somerset County, Md. In his will, proved 9th May, 1724 (Annapolis, Wills, Lib. WD, No. I, fol. 507), he leaves to Martha and Mary Woolford, "the two daughters of my cousin (i. e., nephew) Levin Woolford," two parcels of land between Rock Creek and the Devil's Island Thoroughfare, "which my late brother- in-law Woolford and I purchased between us." By Priscilla, his wife, he had issue as follows : 1. Levin Denwood, born 6th November, 1670. 2. Arthur Denwood, died before 1723; married Esther , and left issue. 3. EHzabeth Denwood, born 7th May, 1674; died, 1736; married George Gale and left issue. 4. Mary Denwood, born 2d May, 1676; died, 9th Decem- ber, 1735; married, i6th November, 1697, Henry Hill, and left issue. THE DORSEY FAMILY. The Dorseys of Maryland, descend from the Lord Darcy, of Essex County, England, where they were made Earls of Holderness at the time that Norman Darcy went into Eng- land from France with William the Conqueror, bearing with him the same coat-of-arms and motto of his ancestors of the old French nobility back to the time of Charlemagne. THE DORSEYS 283 As the immediate gift of the Conqueror, Norman Darcy received no less than thirty-three Lordships in the County of Lincolnshire alone while of his descendants, the Archaeo- logical Society of Essex County says, "One of the most ancient and opulent families in Essex was that of Darcy." The name of Osbert Darcy is mentioned in the Dooms Day Book as one of the King's Thanes, 1066. The name of "Darcy," which was so written by the early colonial settlers, soon became changed in form tO' Dorsey in this country. As early as 1662 the first of the Dorchester branch of the Dorsey family received as a deed of gift two hundred acres of land at the head of Fishing Creek, five miles below Cam- bridge. Within a few years the Dorsey possessions were increased until, in the year 167 1, they owned the several tracts adjoin- ing, aggregating one thousand acres, and including "Pres- ton," 500 acres; "Teverton," 300; "Ye Ending of Contro- versie," 200, and "Dorsey's Range," 50. In other parts of the county, their patents included "Dorsey's Chance," 200 acres; "Barrell Green," 100; "Humphrey's Desire," 50; "Olive Branch," 50; "Southampton," 100; "Hayland," and others. In addition to these they were left a reversionary interest in "Horn's Point," 600 acres, as next of kin to the daughters of Richard Preston, Commander of the Patuxent and high colonial official. Like Edward Dorsey, progenitor of the Western Shore branch, the first of the Eastern Shore family settled in Cal- vert County, but soon took possession of the fertile lands which have descended in an unbroken line from father to son by the law of primogeniture and afterwards by will, through eight successive generations until the present day. As this family possesses the peculiar distinction of having only one son marry in each generation, there never has been from their first settlement but one family of the name in 284 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY Dorchester County, the owners and occupants of "Ye End- ing of Controversie." While never figuring conspicuously in politics, the Dor- seys have always been public spirited and have not failed to serve their country since the first of the line received a grant of land in Dorset for services rendered the colonial govern- ment in the early Indian Wars. That lack of inclination kept them out of official life is evident from the fact that their nearest kinsmen, both by blood and marriage, occupied posts of power in the provincial government. At the time, however, that the Dorseys of Anne Arundel County were figuring conspicuously in the public move- ments, the Dorchester men of that name were devoting their interests toward the cultivation of their acres and their brains father than seeking preferment away from home. That the Dorseys, of Dorchester, were early of decided literary tastes and pursuits we have reason to believe, for in the day when many a one could not write his own name we find Edward Dorsey selhng, among other personal efifects upon his departure from the county, two mahogany writing desks mentioned in a bill of sale in 1750. At this time he is believed to have removed toi Harford County, but not being the benedict of the family through whom the land descended, was lost sight of. In the year 1781, when the English in barges harassed the Eastern Shore of Maryland, the home guards were called on to defend Vienna. Where the British landed to maraud the town. Levin Dorsey responded and was killed during the fight there while attempting to repel the invaders. He would have been buried at Vienna had not his only son John, a boy of about fifteen years, begged his body of the English officer, who, touched by his appeal, granted the lad's request. His remains were conveyed in a wagon to Controversie, a distance of twenty miles, guarded by his young son and an old slave. The British grapeshot was extracted and retained by his HOME OF DR. DORSEY WYVILL, FOUNDER OF THE MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY OF MARYLAND. 1799. CHURCH CREEK. THE DRAINS 285 descendants to the present generation as a souvenior of the tragic event. When young John Dorsey grew to manhood he manu- mitted his slaves for conscience sake in the year 1790, which act is duly recorded at Cambridge. During the life of the next John Dorsey, bachelor and bon vivant, the old place became famous for the free and lavish hospitality of its host. Upon the death of his bachelor brother John, the late Mr. James L. Dorsey, of Baltimore, became owner of "Ye End- ing of Controversie." He, however, never lived there after his marriage to Miss Sarah A. Webster Richardson, daughter of the late Mr. Levin Richardson, of Elsing, near Church Creek. Mr. James L. Dorsey and wife lived in Baltimore from their marriage until their old age. All of their children being born and raised there. The children of this couple now Hving are Messrs. John R. Dorsey, Frank S. Dorsey and Charles H. Dorsey, of Balti- more; Miss Mary V. Dorsey and Miss Sallie Webster, of Elsing, Dorchester County; Mrs. John M. Willis, of Dor- chester County, and Mrs. Albert L. Richardson, of Balti- more. THE DRAIN FAMILY. William F. Drain. Cashier of the National Bank of Cam- bridge, Md., since 1880, was born in Princess Anne, Md., in 1841. His parents were Rev. Shepherd Drain and Mary A. (Creighton) Drain. Shepherd Drain was born in Sussex County, Del, in 1806, married Miss Mary A. Creighton. daughter of Vernon Creighton, April 24, 1835, and died November 12, 1844, at Greensborough, Caroline County, Md., in the fourteenth year of his ministry as a member of the Philadelphia Methodist Episcopal Conference. His ministerial labors were chiefly on the Eastern Shore, in Dor- chester and other counties. He was junior pastor in Dor- chester County, with Rev. John Lenhart, and visited the 286 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY islands of that section with Rev. Joshua Thomas, where many sought and found by faith the forgiveness of their sins under the spiritual teaching of those divines, then spreading Wes- leyan Methodism. The widow of Rev. Shepherd Drain died December 23, 1878. The maternal grandfather of Wm. F. Drain was Vernon Creighton, who was among the first Methodists in Dorches- ter County. Wm. F. Drain married Miss Maria Louise Creighton, daughter of John R. Creighton, October 28, 1875. Louise B. Drain is their only child now living. THE ECCLESTON FAMILY. There were two brothers Eccleston in England, one of them inherited the family estate in Lancastershire and the other, either by marriage or through his mother, got an estate in Buckinghamshire. From one of these brothers descended Hugh Eccleston, who came to the Province of Maryland between 1645 and 1665. He took up land first on the Transquaking River, in Dorchester County, and after- wards some on the Blackwater River, in 1667. The Dor- chester County Rent Rolls show that Moses Mathews, who had "Daniel's Pasture," 100 acres, surveyed May 12, 1664, and also owned "Newton's Desire," left these tracts of land to John and Thomas Eccleston, sons of Hugh Eccleston; at the death of Hugh Eccleston, he left land to his son John, who married Mary Skinner, of Talbot County. The children of John Eccleston and Mary Skinner, his wife, were : 1. Hugh, who married Elizabeth Ennalls. 2. Thomas Firmin, who married Milcah Pitt, nee Airey, daughter of Rev. Thomas Airey and Milcah Gale, nee Hill, his wife. 3. Dorthea, married Joseph Richardson. 4. Rachel, remained single. THE ECCLESTONS 287 John Eccleston was possessed of a large estate, which he divided between his two sons, Hugh and Thomas Firmin, giving Hugh the property on Transquaking and Thomas that on Blackwater, which is still in the family. The Ecclestons were prominent in public affairs, Hugh first was a major under the provincial government. It was through his family that the annual rent of an Indian bow and arrow was paid by the Indians to Queen Anne, of Eng- land. At the time of the Revolution of 1776, one of these bows and arrows was in possession of the Eccleston family. The children of Hugh Eccleston, the second, were: 1. Elizabeth Ennalls, no record. 2. Dr. John, married, i. Miss Gale, of Somerset County; 2, Miss Sulivane, of East New Market. 3. Margaret, died in youth. 4. Sallie, died single. The children of Dr. John Eccleston were: 1. Hugh, died a minor. 2. James, married Henrietta Maria Martin, daughter of Judge Martin and his wife, a Miss Nichols. 3. Elizabeth, married Thomas Anderson, of Cambridge. Children of Thomas Firmin Eccleston and Milcah Airey : 1. Leah, married Covert Haskins in 1800; died September 29, 1803. 2. Thomas John Hugh, married Sarah Ennalls Hooper, May 16. 1806, daughter of Major John Hooper and Elizabeth Ennalls Scott, his wife. Covert Haskins was the son of William Haskins and Sarah Airey, born in 1769; died in 1829; was a descendant of Thomas Haskins, who married Mary Lockerman, grand- daughter of Covert Lockerman, who came from the town of Amsterdam, now New York, in 1679. CHILDREN OF THOS. I. H. ECCLESTON AND SARAH ENNALLS HOOPER. 1. John Hooper, died in youth. 2. Leah Emily, died, single, in 1889. 288 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY 3. Thomas Firmin, born in 1812; died in 1846; married Dorthea Keene in 1838. 4. Elizabeth Anne, born in 1815; married John Leeds Nesbit Kerr. 5. James Hooper, no record. 6. Sarah Hooper, born October 26, 1822; died December 31, 1894; married, in 1843, Edward John Stevens, son of Ex-Gov. Samuel Stevens, of "Compton," Talbot County. THE ENNALLS FAMILY. The first Ennalls to arrive in Maryland was Bartholomew, who came from York County, Va., where, about 1660, he married Mrs. Mary Heyward, widow of Francis Heyward, by whom she had two sons, Francis and John Heyward. In the Land Office Records at Annapolis, Md., date of March 10, 1669, Bartholomew Ennalls, of the County of Dorset, proves the right for transporting the following per- sons out of Virginia to inhabit in this Province, viz : Him- self, Mary (his wife), Thomas Ennalls, Bartholomew Ennalls, Mary Ennalls, Francis Heyward and John Heyward (his children), John Nichols, Wm. Ennalls, Wm. Sudlock and Susan Hyde (his servants). The first tracts of land laid out for Bartholomew Ennalls and his son Thomas was "Bartholomew's Range," 420 acres, surveyed July 10, 1672, in possession of Thos. Ennalls (see Rent Rolls). Previously he had purchased of John Edmond- son 2000 acres of land on the Transquaking River by deed, dated January 18, 1668, for a sloop and 1000 pounds of tobacco. In reference to the Heywards, there is in court a letter of record from Francis and John Heyward, of October 25, 1680, to Wm. Arnold, authorizing him to give possession of some land in Pocoson, York County, Va., to Francis Hey ward's father, Bartholomew Ennalls. In March, 1688, Bartholomew Ennalls died and mentioned in his will five sons and two daughters, namely : Thomas, THE ENNALLS 289 William, Joseph, John and Henry, and daughter Elizabeth, who married Major Roger Woolford, and Mary, who mar- ried Joseph Foster. His sons Thomas and William died without leaving any descendants. Joseph, John and Henry left many sons and daughters; from them have descended branches of the Goldsboroughs, Hoopers, Bayards, Craigs, Sulivanes, Muses, Waggamans and many other prominent families of the country. In 1676 Bartholomew Ennalls was appointed Commis- sioner or County Justice in Dorchester, and was thereafter continually in office, either as Justice or Member of the Assembly, until his death in 1688. The popularity and prominence of the father was inherited by his sons, who became even more influential in county and State affairs. In 1692 his son Thomas was appointed one of the County Jus- tices and reappointed until 1699, when his brother Henry became his associate in the County Court of Justice. They were continued in office until 1706, when three of the brothers, Joseph, Henry and Thomas sat in the same County Court. Very little is known of their private business affairs, but the land records show they were owners of much real estate, and that Thomas Ennalls was a mariner in 1690. While their name is extinct in the county, their blood flows down the Goldsborough line of descent from Robert Golds- borough, barrister, and Elizabeth Goldsborough, the chil- dren of Elizabeth (Ennalls) Goldsborough and her husband, Charles Goldsborough, and also through the Hoopers, Muses, Woolfords and other family lines still surviving in the county. About the year 1760, Thomas Muse, of Westmoreland County, Va., married Anne Ennalls, daughter of Joseph Ennalls, the son of Joseph, the third son of Bartholomew Ennalls. The Maryland Council of Safety commissioned Thomas Muse Major of the 19th Battalion of Militia, Octo- ber 23, 1776, and sent him fifty pounds to pay the mustering officers at Cambridge, where he was then stationed. He 19 290 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY died November 22, 1776, and left two children, Margaret and Joseph Ennalls Muse. Margaret married, in 1790, Dr. Wm. Worthington Davis, a bright Scotchman, who died in 1795, leaving several children. From them have descended family branches of Campbells, Chamberlains, Thomases and Tripps. Joseph Ennalls Muse married Sophia Kerr, daugh- ter of David Kerr and Rachel Leeds (Bozman) Edmondson, widow of James Edmondson, Esq. Sophia (Kerr) Muse was a sister of John Leeds Kerr, who was elected to the U. S. Senate. When he was born, in 1780, a party of gentlemen crossed Chesapeake Bay on the ice in January to Wade's Point Plantation, in Talbot County, to inform the Hon. John Leeds of the birth of his great-grandson and namesake. His great-great-great-grandfather, Col. Nicholas Lowe, owned the first coach in Talbot County, and when they drove out in it to White Marsh Church the folks, white and black, would gather along the road to see them pass. The chil- dren of Dr. Joseph Ennalls Muse and his wife, Sophia (Kerr) Muse were Joseph E., Dr. James A., Dr. WilHam H. and one daughter, Mrs. Nicholas B. (Muse) Worthington. Dr. Joseph E. Muse, the eldest son, became an expert chemist and scientist, took great pleasure in agriculture, and in 1838, the Regents of the University of Maryland con- ferred upon him the honorary degree of Doctor of Medicine. Col. Wm. Sulivane Muse, of the U. S. Marine Corps, is the eldest son of Dr. Wm. H. Muse, herein named, and EHzabeth Sulivane Muse, born in Dorchester County, Md., April 8, 1842. He entered the U. S. Navy as a volunteer in 1862, and was commissioned Lieutenant in the U. S. Marine Corps March 18, 1864; served on the U. S. Str. "St. Marys," in the Pacific until 1866; was then assigned to shore duty at Washington and Annapolis for four years; then ordered to the U. S. S. "Brooklyn," in the European Squad- ron for three years. In 1878 he was ordered to the U. S. Artillery School at Fort Monroe. Va., for instruction, where he graduated in 1880, was that year promoted Captain and THE ENNALLS 29I joined the U. S. Flagship "Tennessee," in 1881, where he served three years as Fleet Marine Officer of the North Atlantic Squadron; then followed shore duty at Washington, New York and San Francisco. In 1885, was stationed on the Isthmus of Panama, with a marine battalion, during a revolution, to protect property and guard route of transit across the isthmus. In 1886 was ordered to Newport, R. I., to take course at Naval Torpedo School and War College. In 1890 and 1893 served on the U. S. Flagships "Charleston" and "San Francisco" as Fleet Marine Officer of the Pacific Squadron, and commanded the marines of the fleet at the Naval Review in New York in 1893. Was promoted Major, June, 1898; Lieutenant-Colonel, February, 1899, and Colo- nel, January, 1900. Next ordered to command the Marine Guard at U. S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md., while Admiral Cervera and the other Spanish naval officers, cap- tured at Santiago, were held prisoners there. In December, 1898, was ordered to Havana, Cuba, with marines, to occupy Navy Yard upon the evacuation of the Spanish; in 1900 was in command of the Marine Barracks, Brooklyn, N. Y., then transferred tO' Marine Barracks, Mare Island, California, where he was found physically unfit for active service by a Naval Medical Board, and from there ordered home and retired from service. He has returned to his magnificent home in Cambridge, Md., where every comfort surrounds him that could be reasonably desired. NOTES. Bartholomew Ennalls, of Dorchester County, who died in 1688, left the following children : 1. Thomas, who married in 1718, Elizabeth Richard- son; died without issue. 2. William, married Anne Warren. 3. Joseph, married Mary Brooke, of Calvert County, daughter of John and Judith Brooke. 4. John, married Elinor Daffin. 292 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY 5. Henry, married, in 1695, Mary Hooper. 6. Elizabeth, married Roger Woolford, of Somerset County. 7. Mary, married John Foster. SECOND GENERATION. The children of Joseph and Mary Brooke Ennalls were : 1. William, whoi married Annie Smith in 1716; died in 1731. 2. Bartholomew, married Mary Smith in 1725 and Eliz- abeth Trippe in 1734; died in 1783. 3. Joseph, born in 1702; married Mary Ennalls; died in 1759- . 4. Thomas, married, i, the widow Smart; 2, Annie Hey- ward. 5. Henry, married Elinor Bostworth. 6. Elizabeth, married Chas. Goldsborough in 1730. 7. Mary, married Col. Henry Hooper, of Warwick. THIRD GENERATION. The children of William Ennalls and Annie Smith were: 1. Mary, who married Ennalls Hooper. 2. Ann, married Gen. Henry Hooper. The children of Bartholomew Ennalls and Mary, his first wife, were : 1. Mary, no record. 2. Sarah, no record. Those by his second wife, Elizabeth Trippe, were : 1. Elizabeth. 2. Joseph, born in 1735. 3. Anne, born in 1737. 4. William, born in 1741. 5. Henry, born in 1739. 6. Leath, born in 1743. 7. Bartholomew, born in 1746; married, i, Sally Hooper; 2, Nancy Keene. THE GOLDSBOROUGHS 293 The children of Joseph and Mary Ennalls, his wife, were: 1. Elizabeth, married Greenbury Goldsborough in 1754. 2. John, no record. 3. Elinor, married Joseph Baffin, who' died in 1796. 4. Betsy, died in 1800. 5. Brook, born 1743; died in 1778. 6. Anne, born 1750; died in 1803; married Thomas MtisC/ Col. Thomas Ennalls, son of Joseph and Mary Brooke Ennalls, his wife, married a second wife, Mary Anne Hay- ward; they had a daughter, Sarah, who married Henry Wag- gaman; their children were: Thomas E., George, Augustus ^and Eliiza Waggaman. Thomas E. Waggaman xnarr'ied Martha Jefiferson Tyler, sister of President Tyler. Rebecca Ennalls married John Caile; their daughter, Mar- garet Caile, married Richard Sprigg. Margaret Caile, sis- ter of John Caile and daughter of Hall Caile and Elizabeth Haskins, his wife, married Gustavus Scott. THE GOLDSBOROUGH FAMILY. All of the Goldsboroughs in Dorchester County and Mary- land are descendants from the same parental ancestor, Nich- olas Goldsborough, who was a descendant of an old English family of that name who lived at Goldsborough Hall, in the County of York, England, as far back as 1157. Nicholas Goldsborough was born in 1640, at Malcolm Regis, near Weymouth, Dorset County, England. He mar- ried Margaret Howes, the only daughter of Abraham Howes, son of Wm. Howes, of Newburg, in Burks County, England, in 1659. In 1669 he went to Barbados, thence to New England and finally settled on Kent Island, in Maryland in 1670. A few years later his wife and three children joined him in his new home on the Isle of Kent. Soon after their arrival, Nicholas Goldsborough died. His widow married George Robins, of Talbot County, in 1672. The children of Nicholas Goldsborough and his wife, Margaret (Howes) 294 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY Goldsborough, were Robert, Nicholas and Judith. Robert married, September 2, 1697, Elizabeth Greenbury, daughter of Col. Nicholas Greenbury and Ann, his wife, of Greenbury Point, near Annapolis, Md. They settled at "Ashbey," in Talbot County, and had a large family. Their son, Charles Goldsborough, who was Clerk of Dorchester County Court from 1727 to 1738, married, July 18, 1730, Elizabeth Ennalls, sister of Col. William and Joseph Ennalls, of Dorchester County. After her death, he married Elizabeth Dickinson, of Philadelphia. By his first wife, Elizabeth Ennalls, he had two children, viz : Robert Goldsborough and Elizabeth Goldsborough. Robert, who was born December 3, 1733, was educated in England and became a distinguished lawyer and statesman; was appointed a Delegate to the Continen- tal Congress by several conventions of Maryland, which were held at Annapolis. He was a member of the Council of Safety and also' of the Constitutional Convention of Mary- land in 1776. He married in England, March 27, 1755, Sarah Yerbury, daughter of Richard Yerbury, of Bassing Hall Street, London. They came to Maryland and settled in Cambridge. He owned and lived on the "Point," the prop- erty now owned by Mrs. Eliza Hayward. From his family of twelve children we trace two notable branches of his line. His eldest son, William Goldsborough, inherited the "Point," which he sold to James Steele and moved to Frederick County, Md. He married Miss Sarah Worthington, daugh- ter of Col. Nicholas Worthington, of Anne Arundel County. Another son of Hon. Robert Goldsborough was Dr. Rich- ard Goldsborough, of Cambridge, ^ho married Achsah Worthington, a sister of Mrs. William Goldsborough, his brother's wife. Dr. Goldsborough lived in Cambridge and practiced medicine, he was a large land owner, and had a large family. One of his sons was Hon. Brice John Golds- borough, who, for many years, was Judge of the Circuit Court, and in 1861, was appointed by Gov. Thomas Holli- day Hicks to the Bench of the Court of Appeals for Mary- THE GOLDSBOROUGHS 295 land, and in 1862 was elected to the same position by a large majority over his competitor, Mr. James B. Groom, of Cecil County. While a member of the Court he died in July, 1867. He married Leah Goldsborough, a daughter of Mr. James Goldsborough. his cousin, of Talbot County. They had two sons, James Richard Goldsborough, now living in Kentucky, and M. Worthington Golds- borough, now a Pay Inspector, U. S. Navy, who entered the service on September 30, 1862, as Acting Assistant Pay- master; was made Assistant Paymaster in 1864; promoted to Paymaster May, 1866; and made Pay Inspector November 24, 1 89 1. His first duty was on the U. S. S. "Southfield," on the sounds of North Carolina; second, U. S. S. "St. Law- rence;" third, U. S. S. "Shamrock;" fourth, U. S. S. "Con- stitution," at Naval Academy, Annapolis; fifth, Washington Navy Yard; sixth, U. S. S. "Omaha," Pacific Station; sev- enth, U. S. Coast Survey from October, 1876, to March, 1881; eighth, U. S. S. "Brooklyn," South Atlantic Station; ninth, Navy Yard, League Island, Pa.; next at Pay Office, San Francisco, Cal.; tenth, U. S. S. "San Francisco" and U. S. S. "Charleston," of the Pacific and Asiatic Station, and in 1893, was ordered to the Naval Academy, where he was retired on the ninth of October, 1896, having reached the age limit, sixty-two years. During the Spanish-American War, he was on volunteer duty at Norfolk, Va.; and after the death of Pay Inspector Loomis, was ordered to^ the Naval Academy, where he is now on duty. Paymaster Goldsbor- ough married Miss Nettie M. Jones, daughter of Samuel W. Jones, of Princess Anne, Somerset County, Md. They have four sons Hving, viz : Dr. B. W. Goldsborough and Hon. P. L. Goldsborough, of Cambridge; Dr. Martin W. Golds- borough, of Princess Anne, Md., and M. R. Goldsborough, Assistant Paymaster, U. S. Navy, now attached to the U. S. S. "Rainbow," of the Asiatic Station at Manila, P. I. The following is the direct fine of descent of this family: I. Nicholas Goldsborough. 296 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY 2. Robert Goldsborough. 3. Charles Goldsborough, 4. Hon. Robert Goldsborough, Barrister. 5. Dr. Richard Goldsborough. 6. Hon. Brice J. Goldsborough. 7. Worthington Goldsborough. 8. Dr. B. W. and P. L. Goldsborough. 9. Phillips L. Goldsborough, Jr. Dr. Brice W. Goldsborough, the eldest son, is an eminent physician and skillful surgeon, now actively engaged in his profession at Cambridge; he married Miss Nannie C. Henry, daughter of Dr. James Winfield Henry, also' of Cambridge; they have four daughters, Annie W., Etta, Laura D. and Mary Campbell. Hon. Phillips Lee Goldsborough, the next son of Pay- master Goldsborough, is a lawyer by profession, and was admitted to the Bar in 1889. In 1891 he was nominated and elected State's Attorney for Dorchester County and reelected in 1895; this place he resigned when elected Comptroller of the State of Maryland in 1897. While at the head of this of^ce for two years, the finances of the State were never previously managed more judiciously or more satisfactorily to all the people of the State, irrespective of party or corpo- rate organizations. He married Miss Ellen Showell, of Ber- lin, Somerset County, Md., the daughter of . They have two sons, Phillips Lee Goldsborough, Jr., and Brice W. Goldsborough, Jr. The other branch of the Goldsboroughs that lived in Dor- chester County were the large family and descendants of Gov. Charles Goldsborough, who lived at Shoal Creek, near Cambridge. Gov. Goldsborough's first wife was Elizabeth Goldsborough, daughter of Robert Goldsborough, of "Myrtle Grove," Talbot County, and his second wife was Sarah T. Goldsborough, daughter of Charles Goldsborough, of ''Horn's Point," and brother of Dr. Richard Goldsborough, of Cam- bridge, sons of Hon. Robert Goldsborough, of the "Point." THE GOLDSBOROUGHS 297 They had a large family. William T. Goldsboroiigh, who at one time lived at "Horn's Point," was their oldest son; R. Tilghman Goldsborough and Charles F. Goldsborough, who was Associate Judge of the Circuit Court in the First Judi- cial District, were the other sons. None of the sons or daughters of Governor Goldsborough are now living. The youngest son. Judge Charles F. Goldsborough, died in 1892, before the expiration of his term on the Bench. One of the first Goldsboroughs who came to Dorchester County was John Goldsborough, the son of John Goldsbo- rough, of Talbot County. He married his cousin, Caroline Goldsborough. He was Deputy Commissary of Dorchester County under the Provincial Government, and after the Rev- olution, was for many years Register of Wills for the county. In every generation of the Goldsboroughs since the arrival of Nicholas Goldsborough in Maryland, some of them have been prominent in public affairs, which has given the name a high reputation that history claims with partial pride. The late deceased and surviving members of the latter generations have honored their ancestors with marked dis- tinction in political, professional and social life. ■ HON. PHILLIPS LEE GOLDSBOROUGH. Hon. P. L. Goldsborough, of Cambridge Md., is one of the rising young men of the day in the Republican party on the Eastern Shore of Maryland. He is the son of M. Worth- ington Goldsborough, Pay Inspector in the U. S. Navy, and Henrietta Maria (Jones) Goldsborough. After completing his education, he began the study of law with the Honorable Daniel M. Henry, Jr., of Cambridge. He was admitted to the Bar of Maryland at Cambridge when about twenty-one years of age, and later, to practice his profession before the Court of Appeals of the State. After serving as Paymaster's Clerk in the Navy, at San Francisco, for some time under his father, he returned to Cambridge in 1890, when he began 298 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY to practice his profession there. In the fah of 1891 he was nominated by the Republican Party for the office of State's Attorney of Dorchester County, to which he was elected. Four years later he was renominated and elected by a hand- some majority. In 1895 he was a prominent candidate for Congress in the First District. In 1896 he was a strong candidate for the United States Senate before the General Assembly of Mary- land, but was defeated by a vote of only four majority against him. At the Republican State Convention in 1897 he was nom- inated for Comptroller of the Treasury of the State of Mary- land, and elected by seven thousand majority. In 1895 he began to publish a weekly newspaper at Cam- bridge, the Dorchester Standard, a Republican organ which he edited and published until 1901, when We sold it to Thomas S. Latimer, the present editor and proprietor. Mr. Goldsborough is Chairman of the Republican State Central Committee of Maryland and an influential party leader in the State. He is a popular member of several social and political clubs and a vestryman of Christ's Protest- ant Episcopal Church in Cambridge. In June, 1902, he was nominated by President Roosevelt for the ofifice of Collector of Internal Revenue at Baltimore, for the District of Maryland and Delaware. On July i, he relieved Collector B. F. Parlett, and entered upon the dis- charge of his duties as Revenue Collector. In 1893 Mr. Goldsborough married Miss Ellen Showell, daughter of the late William M. Showell, of Berlin, Worces- ter County, Md. They have two surviving children, Phil- lips Lee Goldsborough, Jr., and Brice W. Goldsborough, Jr. THE HENRYS 299 THE HENRY FAMILY. <5ol0sbocousb»1benrs Brms. From the memoirs of Hon. John Henry, of Dorchester County, we have been permitted by one of his great-grand- sons to copy extracts : Of the paternal ancestors of Hon. John Henry, the first who emigrated to this country was the Rev. John Henry, a Presbyterian minister, who, it is said, "stood high, not only as a divine, but also as a citizen." He came from Ireland about the year 1700 and settled at or near Rehoboth, on the Pocomoke River in Somerset County, Md., where he con- tinued to reside until his death in 1717. I know nothing of his family history prior to his arrival in this country. Some years after his settlement at Rehoboth, he married Mary Jenkins, widow of Francis Jenkins. Col. Jenkins having no children gave her by his will what was in those days consid- ered an immense estate. Her maiden name was King. She was the daughter of Sir Robert King, an Irish Baronet, and is generally known by tradition and in public records of Som- erset County as Madam Hampton, having married, after the death of Mr. Henry, her second husband. Rev. John Hamp- ton, also a Presbyterian minister. She was an accomplished woman of many virtues and was sometimes called "d. great woman. "^ She had no children, except by her marriage *See letter on "Early History of the Presbyterian Church in America," by Irving Spencer, p. 97, ch. 55. 300 HISTORY OF DORCH"ESTER COUNTY with Mr. Henry, by whom she left two sons, Francis Jenkins Henry and John Henry. Both of these sons afterwards became prominent and important citizens and took an active part in pubhc affairs. She survived Mr. Hampton also for ci number of years and died in 1744. I do not know whom Francis Jenkins, the elder of her sons, married, but he left children, and many of his descendants are living in Mary- land and elsewhere, influential and respected. John, the younger, known as Col. John Henry, married Dorothy Rider, youngest daughter of Col. John Rider, who was a gentleman of wealth and respectability. As Col. John Rider was the maternal grandfather of Governor Henry, it may be well to give some account of his family. He was the only son of John Rider, of England, and Anne, only child of Col. Hutchins. Col. Hutchins was one of the early settlers in Dorchester County, and displayed great judgment in selecting and securing large tracts of valuable land. He became wealthy and built the large brick house at "Weston," which afterwards became the home of the John Henry branch of the Henry family. His daughter was sent to England to be educated and after the completion of her education, he was anxiously awaiting her return. In those days there was considerable direct trade between the town of Vienna, on the Nanticoke River, six miles above "Weston." and England, and when the vessel in which his daughter was expected anchored in front of his house, he felt sure that she was on board; but instead of this he received her minia- ture and a letter informing him that she was engaged to marry Mr. John Rider. In his disappointment, he became very angry and threw the miniature in the fire, but it was rescued by some one before it was seriously injured, and, I think, it is still in the possession of one of her descendants. She married Mr. Rider in England about 1685, and their son, since known as Col. John Rider, was born there October 30, 1686. They afterwards sailed for America, but both she and her husband died on the voyage, leaving their son surviving THE HENRYS 3OI them. He was received by his grandfather, and at his death, inherited all his property. Col. Hutchins died in 1699. From him descended in the female Hne, the Steeles, of Mary- land, as well as our branch of the Henry family. * * * Col. John Rider (grandson of Col. Hutchins) married on January 23, 1706, Annie Hicks, of Dorchester County, and died February 16, 1749. * * * He left one son, Charles, and three daughters, Sarah, Anne and Dorothy, surviving him. His son died unmarried about two years later. Of his daughters, Sarah, the eldest, married James Billings, a merchant of Oxford, Md. Anne married Thomas Nevett, the father of John Rider Nevett, and Dorothy, Col. John Henry, as before stated. Henry Steele, an English gentleman, at that time of Oxford, Md., afterwards nearest neighbor of Governor Henry, in Dorchester, married a daughter of James Billings, whose name is also retained in the Steele family, and her son, James Steele, married Mary Nevett, granddaughter of Thomas and daughter of John Rider Nevett. The Nevetts, Billingses and Steeles were all refined and cultivated people, as may be discovered from their letters and other writings still in existence. The Nevetts and Billingses. I beheve, are now extinct in the male line. The name Nevett still sur- vives in several members of the Steele family. Col. John Henry died in 1781. He had four sons' and five daughters, nearly all of whom survive him. His son, John Henry, afterwards U. S. Senator, Governor, etc., was born in November, 1750, at "Weston," the residence of his father, in Dorchester County. He was prepared for college at West Nottingham Academy, in Cecil County, Md., under the direction of Rev. Samuel Finley, D.D., and later, was sent to Princeton College, where he graduated about 1769. After this he devoted himself to the study of law for several years In this country and then went to England, where he remained about two years and a half, engaged in prosecuting his law studies in the Temple. While in England, the issues between 302 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY the colonies and the mother country grew warmer day by day and excited intense feeHng and anxiety. They were a frequent subject of conversation, and led to animated dis- cussions in the Robin Hood Club, of which he was a member. He took part in these discussions and zealously defended the rights ol the colonies. He left England in 1775 and upon arriving at home, thoroughly educated and popular, he was almost immediately elected by the people a member of the Legislature of Maryland. In 1777 he was sent to the Continental Congress and remained by successive reelec- tions, almost continuously a member of that body until the adoption of the Constitution of the United States. Upon the adoption of the Constitution, Mr. Henry was elected U. S. Senator for the term commencing March 4, 1789, and upon its expiration, was reelected for the term commencing! March 4, 1795, but afterwards resigned to- accept the office of Governor of Maryland, which he held for the year 1798. * * * He resigned the office of Gov- ernor on account of ill-health and returned to^ "Weston," his estate on the Nanticoke, where he died in November, 1798. He married, March 6, 1787, Margaret, daughter of John and Elizabeth Campbell, of Caroline County, Md. I know noth- ing of Mr. Campbell, except by tradition, that he was an intelligent and respected citizen. The maiden name of his wife was Goldsborough. * * * Gov. John Henry was a gentleman and citizen of the first rank in private and public life. His fine physical appearance and polished manners made him the centre of social attrac- tion wherever he mingled with the people; his preeminent legal attainments and thorough knowledge of public affairs at home and abroad placed him first in public estimation, and the people chose him to represent them in every public affair where strong influence and leadership were most needed to guide Maryland through the dark hours of the Revolutionary conflict, and to secure her sovereign rights under the Con- stitution as a State in the Federal compact. Well may his THE HENRYS 303 living descendants and kindred of to-day be proud of an ancestor who served his State and country in the Continen- tal Congress for six years; eight years in the United States Senate and Governor of Maryland as long as his health would permit. In the U. S. Senate he was the colleague of Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, and the peer of any Senator. His services were in universal demand. On December 19, 1783, he headed the Senate Committee to prepare the House for the reception of General Washington, and to prepare an address to present to him on his arrival at Annapolis to resign his command of the Continental Army. During the Revolutionary War, when the British kept a fleet of armed vessels and barges in Chesapeake Bay for plun- dering the homes and destroying the property of the colo- nists who lived near the Bay or navigable rivers, in October, 1780, they sent an expedition up the Nanticoke that captured the town of Vienna, looted the stores and burned a new brig there. On their way down the river they stopped at the home of Col. John Henry, member of Congress, and burned his house and furniture. Only the Colonel and his servants were at home. As the enemy approached he retired to a neighbor's house where he had removed his plate and valu- able papers. Fortunately he was not then captured by that devastating force of plunderers who' had threatened to take his life. They took away one negro man from Mr. Henry's place and another from Mr. Steele, who was a near neighbor. Governor Henry left tw^o sons, John Campbell Henry, born December 6, 1787, and Francis Jenkins Henry, born in 1789. His wife died about a month after the birth of her younger son, and he remained a widower until his death. His sons, after attending various schools in the State, w^ere sent some years after his death, by their guardian, to Princeton Col- lege, where they completed their education. Francis Jen- kins, the youngest, died unmarried soon after his arrival at 304 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY The Other son, John Campbell Henry, on April 21, 1808, married Mary Nevett Steele, eldest daughter of James and Mary Steele. I. Nevett Steele, of Baltimore, who was a distinguished lawyer and Dr. Charles Hutchins Steele, of West River, Md., were her brothers. Mary Steele, her mother and wife of James Steele, was the only daughter of John Rider Nevett, by his marriage with Sarah Maynadier. a daughter of Rev. Daniel Maynadier, a minister of the Church of England and rector of Great Choptank Parish in Dorchester County for many years and until his death. He was a son of Rev. Daniel Maynadier, a French Huguenot, who fled from Languedoc after the revocation of the edict of Nantes, first to England and thence to this country. He settled in Talbot County and became rector of White Marsh Parish. John Rider Nevett was unfortunately drowned April 13, 1772, at the age of twenty-five years, by the cap- sizing of a schooner in Choptank River, while on his way to Annapolis. * * * His widow married Dr. James Mur- ray and removed to Annapolis. They left two sons, Daniel and James, and three daughters, all of whom were distin- guished by intelligence, cultivation and high social position. One of the daughters married Governor and U. S. Senator Edward Lloyd, of Talbot County; another became the wife of Hon. Richard Rush, of Philadelphia, whose distinguished career is so well known, and the other became the wife of Gen. John Mason, of Virginia, and the grandmother of Gen. Fitzhugh Lee, late Governor of Virginia. John Campbell Henry died in his seventieth year, April I, 1857, at "Hambrook," his beautiful residence on Choptank River, a short distance below Cambridge. He never sought public office, and having been appointed one of the Gov- ernor's council, soon resigned. Other public places of prom- inence he preferred not to accept, but devoted himself to the duties of private life, and only served the public in local posi- tions. He was an intelligent gentleman of sound judgment and strict integrity, though reserved in his manners, yet he THE HENRYS 305 was fond of bright and refined society and his home was ahvays the seat of generous but unassuming hospitahty. His widow survived him many years and died November 20, 1873, at the age of 84 years. Mr. Henry left four sons and four daughters who survived him, namely : Dr. James Winfield, Francis Jenkins, Daniel Maynadier and Rider, and Kitty, Isabella, Elizabeth, Mary and Charlotte A. P. James Winfield, the eldest son, studied medicine in Phil- adelphia and successfully practiced his profession for many years at Cambridge. He never sought public office. In March, 1841, he married Anna Maria, youngest daughter of Levin H. Campbell, Esq. Dr. Henry died in 1889. Of his children, James Winfield is a prominent and prosperous bus- iness man in Baltimore City. Daniel M. was a leading law- yer at the Cambridge Bar, and was elected State's Attorney in 1879. He married, in 1881, Miss Martha H. Adkins, daughter of Dr. Adkins, of Easton, Md. Mr. Henry died of typhoid fever in 1889, in the prime of his manhood, when hope was highest and life was dearest. He was admired and esteemed by a host of devoted friends. Miss Nannie C. Henry, a daughter of Dr. Henry, married Dr. B. W. Goldsborough, a prominent physician in active practice at Cambridge, Md., October 29, 1884. Francis Jenkins Henry has had large experience in pubhc office; at one time was Postmaster of Cambridge. He was elected Clerk of the Circuit Court for Dorchester County in 185 1 and held the office by successive reelections until 1879, covering a period of twenty-eight years. His affable man- ner and cheerful accommodation shown to all who^ had offi- cial business with him at the Court House, and his social intercourse unofficially with the town and county people, made him the most popular Court Clerk ever elected in Dor- chester County. 20 3o6 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY DEATH OF THE OLDEST CITIZEN. Col. Francis J. Henry, the oldest resident of Cambridge, and one of the best known citizens of Dorchester, died at his home on Locust Street, Tuesday evening at 7 o'clock, aged 85 years. Up to three years ago. Colonel Henry enjoyed good health, until he was stricken with paralysis while on a trip to Baltimore, since which time he had been gradually failing until the end came. He was born at Hansell, in Vienna District, Dorchester County, on August 12, 1816, and was the son of John Campbell and Mary Nevett Henry and grandson of John Henry, Governor of Maryland, United States Senator and member of the Continental Congress. He married Wilhelmina Goldsborough, of Dorchester County, who died about fifteen years ago. He is survived by four sons and four daughters, namely: John C. Henry, of New Orleans; R. G. Henry, ex-Postmaster and now Mayor of Cambridge; Nicholas G. Henry, of the Hydrographic Of^ce, Washington, D. C. ; Hampton Henry, of Cambridge; Mrs. John Spence, of New Market; Mrs. Elizabeth Golds- borough, of San Francisco; Mrs. Annie O. B. Steele and Wil- helmina Muse, of Cambridge. The funeral was at the resi- dence Thursday afternoon, conducted by Revs. T. C. Page and Jas. L. Bryan, of the P. E. Church. Colonel Henry was Clerk of the Circuit Court of Dorches- ter for twenty-eight years, being first elected to that position in 1 85 1, and was considered one of the most popular officials who ever held that office. He was defeated in 1879 by the present incumbent, Mr. Charles Lake, after a spirited contest. — Dorchester Era. In 1836 he married the youngest daughter of Robert Goldsborough, Esq., of Cambridge. She died in 1881. Eight children survived her. The oldest son, John Campbell, at the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861, raised a company of volun- teers for the Federal Army, known as Company A, of which he was Captain, in the First Eastern Shore Regiment of Infantry. As a citizen of Maryland, influenced by Southern THE HENRYS 307 interests and social intercourse, Captain Henry decided to cast his lot as a soldier in the war with the South in her battles for independence. He then resigned his command in the Federal Army, went South and served with distinction in the Confederate Army; was engaged in many battles and wounded five times. It was his good fortune to survive all conflicts of the war and after its close, returned to his native State and town to join his father's family and devoted friends. Another son, Robert Goldsborough Henry, is a prominent lawyer and Mayor of the city of Cambridge, and was for- merly Deputy Court Clerk of the Circuit Court for Dorches- ter County for thirteen years, and Postmaster of Cambridge, under President Cleveland, 1893-97. Previously he was, for a number of years, Secretary to the Chief of the Torpedo Division in the Navy of the Argentine Republic. May 20, 1875, Mr. Henry married Miss Julia M. Muse, daughter of Dr. James A. Muse, of Cambridge. Nicholas G. Henry, another son, is connected with the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Office, Washington, D. C. Daniel M. Henry, a brother of Francis Jenkins Henry, was a lawyer by profession and practiced at Cambridge. He represented Dorchester County in both branches of the State Legislature and was elected a member of the House of Rep- resentatives of the United States in 1875 for two terms. He was twice married, first in November, 1845, to Henri- etta Maria, youngest daughter of Gov. Charles Golds- borough, of Shoal Creek, Dorchester County. She died in December, 1846. He next married Susan Elizabeth, only daughter of William Goldsborough, Esq., of "Myrtle Grove," Talbot County, Md., and granddaughter of Hon. Robert H. Goldsborough, twice U. S. Senator from Maryland, and also granddaughter of Gov. Charles Goldsborough, above men- tioned. The blood relationship between these two dis- tinguished gentlemen was distant. Mr. Daniel M. Henry was a gentleman of fine legal attain- ments, unassuming and modest in his demeanor, with such refined and tender sympathies that he neglected self to serve 308 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY Others. Honor and honesty were jewels that crowned his useful work in public and private life. Of his sons, W. Laird Henry is an attorney-at-law at the Cambridge Bar and an ex-Congressman, having been a member of the Fifty-third Congress. He married the widow of Hon. D. M. Henry, Jr., in 1894. Maynadier Henry, a brother of W. Laird, entered the realm of manhood with bright prospects of a useful career, but while in the employment of the National Bank of Cam- bridge, he became the victim of a fatal disease and died in 1892. Rider Henry resides in Washington, D. C, and holds an of^cial position connected with the House of Representatives. Kitty Henry married Daniel Lloyd, youngest son of Governor and U. S. Senator Edward Lloyd, of Talbot County. She died in April, 1886, leaving three children, two daughters and a son, Henry Lloyd, who was elected State Senator in 1881, and elected President of the Senate, became Governor in 1885 by the resignation of Gov. Robert McLain. In 1892 he was appointed Associate Judge of the First Judicial Circuit after the death of Judge Charles F. Goldsborough, and was elected Associate Judge in Novem- ber, 1893, for the term of sixteen years, and is still on the Bench. Isabella Elizabeth Henry, in June, 1850, married Dr. Thomas B. Steele, a surgeon in the United States Navy, from which he resigned and for the last forty years has been a leading practitioner of medicine at Cambridge, Md. They have two surviving children, a daughter and son, Dr. Guy Steele, a young physician and surgeon of prominence now located in Cambridge. Mary Henry, in April, 1848, married R. Tilghman Golds- borouo-h, a son of Gov. Charles Goldsborough. No children by this marriage. Charlotte A. P. Henry married in 1852, Hon. Charles F. Goldsborough, a son of Gov. Charles Goldsborough. He held important offices; State's Attorney for Dorchester THE HICKS 309 County; State Senator, and was elected Associate Judge of the Court, First Judicial Circuit, in 1S79. He died in 1892, before the expiration of his term on the Bench. No surviv- ing; children by this marriage. His widow is still livings. In closing this sketch of the Henry family it is worthily due their living descendants to note the high esteem in which Gov. John Henry w^as held by quoting a paragraph of a letter written to- him by the illustrious statesman, Thomas Jeffer- son, of Virginia. The subject I withhold. "* * * I have g'one, my dear sir, into this lengthy detail to satisfy a mind in the candor and rectitude of which I have the highest confidence. So far as you may incline to use the communi- cation for rectifying the judgments of those who are willing to see things truly as they are, you are free to use it, but I pray no confidence you may repose in anyone may induce you to let it go out of your hands so as to get into a newspaper, against a contest in that field I am entirely decided. I feel extraordinary gratification in addressing this letter to you, with whom shades of difference in political sentiment have not prevented the interchange of good opinion, nor cut off the friendly intercourse of society and good correspondence. This political tolerance is the more valued by me who con- sider social harmony as the first of human felicities, and the happiest moments those which are given to the effusion of the heart. Accept them sincerely, I pray you, from one who, with sentiments of high respect and attachment, has the honor to be, dear sir, your most obedient and humble ser- vant. Th. Jefferson." THE HICKS FAMILY. Thomas Flicks was the first of that name to settle in Dor- chester County. He was a native of White Haven, Great Britain; was born in 1659 and died in 1722. He left chil- dren — 1. Levin, born in 1692; died in 1732. 2. Thomas. 3. Annie, who married John Rider in 1706. 3IO HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY SECOND GENERATION. Levin Hicks (i), who died in 1732, left the fohowing chil- dren: 1. Levin, born in 1713, died in 1793; married Mary En- nalls, widow of Bartholomew Ennalls, daughter of Col. Henry Hooper, January 25, 1744, O. S. 2. Henry. 3. John. 4. Denwood. 5. Mary. 6. Mary. THIRD GENERATION. The children of Levin Hicks and Mary (Ennalls) (Hooper), his wife, were; 1. Mary, born March 5, 1745; died 1779; married Zach- ariah Campbell in 1765. 2. Levin, born August 17, 1748; died unmarried. The children of Mary Hicks and Zachariah Campbell were : 1. Mary. 2. Isabella. 3. Elizabeth. 4. Levin Hicks, born in 1774; married, i, Mary Troup, daughter of Dr. John Troup, of County Kincardineshire, Scotland, in 1797; she died in 181 1; 2, married Anna Maria Davis, daughter of Dr. William Worthington Davis and his wife, Margaret Muse. Zachariah Campbell, above-named, came from Glasgow, Scotland, prior to the Revolution; first settled in Virginia, and later came to Vienna in Dorchester County, Md. His wife, Mary Hicks, was a niece of Gen. Henry Hooper. Mary Hooper Hicks survived her daughter, Mary (Hicks) Campbell, and son-in-law, Zachariah Campbell. Their chil- dren were left to the guardianship of Dr. William Ennalls Hooper, eldest son of Gen. Henry Hooper, a most intimate friend and cousin to Mary Hicks Campbell, their mother. THE HICKS 311 Levin Hicks, before named, whose second wife was Miss Anna Maria Davis, left the following named children by her : 1. Levin Hicks, Jr., who married Miss Mary Jones, of Hagerstown, Md. 2. Anna Maria, who married Dr. J. Winfield Henry, of Cambridge, Md. He vvas a son of John Campbell Henry, of "Hambrooks," and Mary (Steele) Henry, his wife. HON. THOMAS HOLLIDAY HICKS. {Sketch Received from the Family.^ Hon. Thomas Holliday Hicks, ex-Governor of Mary- land and United States Senator, was born near East New Market, Md., on September 2, 1798; the eldest son of Henry C. and Mary (Sewell) Hicks, who were of English and Scotch descent, respectively. His father was an exten- sive planter and, as was the custom of his day, owned slaves He w^as kind to those under him, generous to all in need, charitable toward the erring and patriotic in citizenship. He and his wife were identified with the Methodist Episcopal Church. In their family were thirteen children. On the family estate, four miles from East New Market, the subject of this memoir grew tO' manhood, meantime at- tending the local subscription schools. Soon after attaining his majority he was made a Deputy Sherifif and continued in that position until 1824, when he was elected Sheriff of his co'unty. Three years later he retired froin office and settled upon a farm he had purchased on the Choptank River, during his residence there, being elected a member of the House of Delegates. In 1833 he removed tO' Vienna and succeeded his recently deceased brother, Horace Sewell Hicks, in the mercantile business and in running boats toi Baltimore. For several years he was a Captain of a cavalry company of the State Militia. In the year 1836, on the Whig ticket, he was elected a member of the State Electoral College, which, under the old Constitution of Maryland, had the election of the State Senate and the Governor's Council. There being 312 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY twenty-one Whigs and nineteen Democrats in the College, the election, requiring a two-thirds vote, created a deadlock and almost threw the State into anarchy. Three Democrats finally voted with the majority, a compromise was effected and the Senate was elected. While in Annapolis as a member of the College Mr. Hicks was elected to the Legislature, which during the next session passed measures making the Senate and Council elective by the people. In 1837 he was a member of the Governor's Council, and the following year was appointed Register of Wills for Dorchester County by Governor Veazey, afterward being reappointed by successive Governors until the Consti- tution of 185 1 made the office elective. He was a member of that convention though filling the office of Representative at the time. On the death of Mr. Mitchell, in 1855, Mr. Hicks was made his successor as Register of Wills and filled that position alto- gether seventeen years, holding it until he became Gov- ernor. Nominated by the American party for the position of chief executive, he received the election and began his term of service January i, 1857. It will be remembered that his administration covered a period of vital importance in the history of our country, and the efficient manner in which he discharged every duty soon brought him into national promi- nence. At that time Baltimore was in the hands of a lawless element, known as "Plug-Uglies," who controlled every elec- tion. Several respectable citizens in their efforts to take political matters out of their hands, succeeded in bringing the ringleaders to trial and convicting them of murder. Every conceivable influence was brought to- bear on Governor Hicks to induce him to pardon the men, but he refused, and the offenders were executed. The unchangeable decision of character noticeable at this time was still further in evidence at the outbreak of the Civil War, when the whole State was thrown into confusion; fam- ilies were divided in opinions and life itself was in constant peril. While others were terrified, he stood firm and un- THE HICKS 313 wavering, maintaining his integrity to the end. His firmness of purpose earned for him the sobriquet of "Old Caesar." However determined and steadfast in purpose, he was withal kind and tender-hearted. For his friends he could not do' enough. But his kindness did not cease there. Often, at the entreaties of their friends, he visited President Lincoln tO' ask for the release of sick and wounded Confederate prisoners of war. The President had such implicit confi- dence in him, his requests were always granted, feeling assured, that he would only intercede for worthy persons. He threw the weight of his influence on the side of the Union and endeavored to secure enlistments from his own State for the Federal Army. On the twenty-second of July, 1862, he was appointed by President Lincoln Brigadier-Gen- eral of Volunteers, and declined the appointment July 26, 1S62. On the close of his term as Governor in 1863 he was ap^ pointed United States Senator by Governor Bradford, to fill the unexpired term of Hon. James Alfred Pierce. His appointment was ratified by the Legislature at the session of 1864, and he actively entered upon the responsible duties cf Senator. The continuance of the war made his counsel most necessary, and he was thoroughly identified with the Union party as one of its leaders. Although the owner of slaves, he voted for the ratification of the Constitution in 1864 and favored the abolition of slavery. In the autumn of 1863 he seriously sprained his ankle and erysipelas setting in, it was necessary to amputate his limb. He died Febru- ary 13, 1865, from the effects of a stroke of apoplexy, when at the height of his fame and usefulness. Two days later his death was announced to the Senate, by his late colleague, Reverdy Johnson, of Maryland. Li his remarks he paid this deserved tribute: "Ever courteous, kind and attentive, he possessed the esteem and qonfidence of us all. Endowed with a sound judgment and animated by a fervent patriotism, he supported every measure that prom- ised, in his opinion, to benefit the country in its existing 314 HISTOBY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY emergency. In private, too, he was highly appreciated and by those who' knew him intimately loved as a brother. By the society of his county, especially, will his lo'ss be long and keenly felt and to his immediate family it will be irreparable.'' Mr. Willey, of West Virginia, said among other things: "It has been my privilege to occupy a seat by the side of Governor Hicks ever since he entered this hall. I had, there- fore an opportunity not only tO' witness his course in relation tO' public affairs, but also' toi observe more closely the spirit and principle, the heart and motive (so to^ speak) which seemed to prompt and control his conduct. And I declare to you, sir, that I never knew a man whose simplicity, single- ness of purpose, whose evident sincerity, purity and unselfish- ness of aim tO' promote the honor and welfare of his country commanded more of my confidence and respect. I know not if he ever aspired to win the personal distinction and renown which men of great intellectual parts sometimes seem to seek with an ardor hardly secondary to the promo- tion of the national welfare; but to me he ever appeared to forget himself in the higher and holier purpose of securing the public good." In the House of Representatives the death of Governcr Hicks was announced February 15 by Mr. Webster, of Mar}'-- land, who said, in part : ''Governor Hicks was entirely a self- made man. He toiled up the mountain side unaided and reached height after height through his own manly exer- tions; but never did he break the bond whicji bound him to the people on the plain. He was essentially a man of the people, of them and from them; his instincts, his sympathies, affections, were all v/ith them, and his exertions and labors in their behalf. The poorest and most friendless boy received from him as kindly a welcome as the men who held the most influential and important stations. The last note I ever re- ceived from him, only a few days before his death, was writ- ten to ask my aid for a poor man, a sailor disabled in the ser- vice of his country, and in it he regretted that his health would not permit him personally to render him as much as- sistance as he desired. THE HICKS 315 "That, however, which has most distinguished him and endeared him to the people of Maryland, was his unselfish and unyielding- patriotism. In him was illustrated the patri- otism that burned so' purely in the hearts of the men of 1776. There was no' personal sacrifice which he deemed too great to be made for his country. This was particularly illustrated in his course on the question of emancipation. Though holding a considerable number of slaves at the breaking out of the rebellion, and entering intO' the war with the impression that it ought to be so conducted as not to interfere with slavery, yet when he became convinced, as he afterward did, that the most vulnerable point in the rebellion was slavery, and that if we would crush the rebellion, we must strike at, and crush slavery, he did not hesitate to favor this policy both by the general government, and by his own State. A year ago, he favored the constitutional amendment lately passed, abolishing slavery throughout the States, and was the earnest friend of immediate emancipation in Mary- land, voting himself for the free constitution and urging others to unite with him in its support." In the address of Mr. Creswell, of Maryland, was the fol- lowing tribute: "Notwithstanding the many disadvantages under which he labored, it is safe to say, that no man exerted a greater influence on the politics of Maryland, or has accom- plished more for the good of his state and fellow-citizens, in his day and generation than he. He chose his party be- cause of his approval of the principles which he proclaimed and then gave it his entire and cordial support. A disciple of Henry Clay, he accepted the teachings of the 'Sage of Ashland' as the axioms of his political creed. He was first a Democrat of the old school, then a Whig, then an Ameri- can, and on the formation of the Union party he threw his whole soul into that movement and labored unceasingly to promote its success. To all the parties to which he was suc- cessively attached he rendered the most important services. He w^as always looked up tO' as a leader." 3l6 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY The City Council of Baltimore passed appropriate resolu- tions which were printed, together with the address of Sam- uel T. Hall, who alluded eloquently to the patriotic spirit of the Governor, his affection for State and nation. Suitable resolutions were also passed by the General Assembly of Maryland, before which body Mr. Carroll bore witness to the worth of the Governor's character. Among other things he said : "The outbreak of the present rebellion found him in the gubernatorial chair of the State. Then it was that the char- acter of the man was fully developed. Then it was that his incorruptible integrity, his devoted patriotism and his lofty courage were subjected tO' the most severe tests. But no persuasion, however winning, no entreaties, however earnest, no threats however violent, could divert him from the path of his duty to> his country. There he stood, faithful among the faithless. And while one after another of the Border States were driven into the whirlpool of secession and ruii, Maryland alone stood firm and unshaken amid the storms that assailed her, with the nation's flag still floating over her, and vowed her determination to stand under and by it. The immense results which hung upon his decision and bear- ing in this fearful crisis, results affecting not Maryland merely but the destiny of the whole nation, it is impossible, even now, sir, properly to estimate. When the passions and prejudices and jealousies of the hour shall have passed away, when the actions of men can be viewed in the calm, steady, truthful light of history, among the names posterity will delight to^ honor and cherish, few will be remembered with more gratitude than that of Governor Hicks." The passing away of Governor Hicks was peaceful. He suffered an attack of paralysis Friday, February lo, and three days later the end came. On Saturday afternoon President Lincoln having heard of his serious illness, visited him and spent some time at his bedside. Many members of the Sen- ate and Congress also' visited him. He was a member of the Methodist Church, and during his last hours was attended THE HICKS 317 by Rev. B. H. Nadal, D.D., of Wesley Chapel. The latter g-entleman, after talking toi the dying man for some time, asked him if he was aware that his earthly career was about to close, and if so, to raise his hand. The hand at once went up. Again the minister asked : "If you rest upon Christ as our Saviour raise your hand." The hand was lifted once more and waved back and forth, as if in holy triumph. In half an hour from that time he became unconscious, and in a few hours his spirit passed tO' the God who gave it. The funeral services were of a dignified character, appro- priate to the occasion. The procession included the Gover- nor of Maryland, the Mayor of Baltimore and the City Coun- cil, Senators and Congressmen, the President of the United States, heads of departments, the diplomatic corps, Judges of the United States, officers of the Executive Departments, officers of the Army and Navy, Mayor of Washington, and others equally prominent in public life. The coffin was borne into the Senate Chamber, where a large audience assembled, listened in profound silence to the eloquent address of Dr. Nadal, who chose for his theme, "And the king said unto his servant, know ye not that there is a prince and a great man fallen this day in Israel?" The remains were interred for a time in the Congressional Cemetery, and thereafter removed to Dorchester County. The first wife of Governor Hicks was Anne Thompson, by whom several children were born, of whom two daugh- ters lived tO' womanhood. Sallie A. Hicks married Rev. Henry Colclazer; she died at the age of 29 years, leaving three children, viz: Mrs. Annie H. Truss of Philadelphia; Henry Colclazer of Kansas and Etta M. Colclazer of Phila- delphia. The second daughter of Governor Hicks, Henri- etta Maria, died at the age of 25 years. The second wife, Leah A. Raleigh, left two children, viz : Thomas P. Hicks who died at the age of 21 years, and Nannie Hicks, who mar- ried Dr. George L. Hicks, to whom four sons were born, viz : Thomas Holliday Hicks, who is a paymaster in the U. S. Navy; Major GeoTge Luther Hicks, who is a surgeon in 31 8 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY the U. S. Army Volunteers in the Philippine Islands (was appointed First Lieutenant in the Regular Army, by Presi- dent Roosevelt, in April, 1902); Dr. Fessenden Fairfax Hicks, a dentist in Cambridge, Md., and Chaplain Galloway Hicks, a boy at home. By Jane Wilcox he had a number of children, one of whom lived to manhood, viz : B. Chaplain Hicks, a bookkeeper in the Savings Bank of Baltimore, Md. He died at the age of 39 years. The visitor to Cambridge always notices with in- terest the statue in the cemetery which is a fitting memorial of Governor Hicks. However, the best memorial to his memory is in the hearts of his associates, some of wdiom still survive, and in the affection of the generation now prominent on the scene of action. THE HOOPER FAMILY. From Henry Hooper and Sarah, his wife, and son, Henry, Jr., who came into the Province of Maryland from England in 1 65 1, and first settled in Calvert County, a lineage of numerous family branches have descended of prominent and useful people that represent to-day, by name and blood rela- tion, one of the largest families in the State. About 1667 Henry Hooper and his family made Dorches- ter County their permanent home. On December 20, of that year, 100 acres of land was surveyed for Henry Hooper on Hooper's Island, near Hungar River. Subsequently, he and his son, Henry (2), acquired by certificates and grants, many tracts of land in different parts of the county amount- ing tO' thousands of acres. (See Land Record.) Henry Hooper (i) died in 1676, proven by his will. In 1684 Henry Hooper (2) lived on Hooper's Island, proven by a witness before a council held at St. Mary's on February 27, making inquiry about the escape of Col. George Talbot, a prisoner in Virginia, who was by strategy taken from Gloucester County Jail February 10, 1684, by Madam Talbot, his wife, and her Irish servants. Roger Skreene, MONUMENT OF GOV. THOMAS HOLLIDAY HICKS. CAMBRIDGE CEMETERY. THE HOOPERS 319 who was one of the crew on Madam Talbot's boat on which she went to Virginia, was one of the accused at court. He there testified that on their way up the Bay they stopped at Mr. Henry Hooper's, on Hooper's Island. Madam Tal- bot, with three of her crew and the witness went ashore to Mr. Henry Hooper's, where they got two pones of bread. The Dorchester County Rent Rolls show that Henry Iboopct Brms. Hooper, Jr. (2) had surveyed "Hooper's Chance," 250 acres, January 18, 1669, and "Hooper's Lot," 350 acres, September 15, 1669, on Chickanocomico Creek, for himself, and also "Increase of the Homes," 100 acres, "August 12, 1669, for Henry Hooper, Jr., on Hooper's Island, in possession of Henry Hooper," evidently his father. In the following data of the Hooper family, obtained in part from James S. Shepherd, Chief Deputy of Dorchester 320 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY County Court, and from records elsewhere, the facts clearly show that from Henry Hooper (2), who had two wives, first, Elizabeth Denw'Ood; second, Mary , probably the sister of Joseph Ennalls, who married Dr. John Brooke's daugh- ter, all the Hoopers (of the white race) in Dorchester County descended. The land records of the county and wills made by members of the family are strong evidence of their relation- ship. They began to trade tracts of land with each other as early as 1 712. In that year Henry Hooper, Jr. (3) gave a part of twO' tracts lying on Chickanocomico River, called "Hooper's Lot" and ''Hooper's Fortune," to his father, Henry Hooper, Sr. (2) for a tract lying on the western side of Trans- quaking River, containing 300 acres, called "Porpeigham." In this land trade, Henry Hooper, Jr. (3) reserved a part of "Hooper's Lot" and also owned a tract on Chickanocomico River, called "Hooper's Chance," surveyed January 18, 1669, containing 250 acres, for Henry Hooper. In 1739, March 5, Llenry Hooper, Jr. (3) traded a part of "Hooper's Chance" and "Hooper's Fortune" (a part of which he reserved when trading with his father in 1712), with Ann Ennalls, who accepted these tracts and gave in exchange a tract called "Nansemum," on Secretary Creek, containing 500 acres, which he embodied in Warwick Fort Manor, that year with numerous other tracts. On February 18, 1739, he gave Porpeigham (which he traded for with his father) to. Samuel Hooper for his interest in "Hooper's Lot" and "Hooper's Fortune," lands in which both had interests by inheritance from their ancestor, Henry Hooper (2), who died in 1720. {Genealogical Data from J. S. 5".) Henry Hooper (i) came to Maryland in 165 1 and settled on the Patuxent River in what is now Calvert County; 15th July, 1 65 1, he enters rights for himself, Sarah, his wife, Eliz- abeth, Richard and Robert Hooper, his children, and Sarah Watson, John Taylor and Robert Stiles, "this present year" THE HOOPERS 321 (Land Office, Lib. A. B. H., fol. 140). He was Justice of Calvert County in 1658 (Lib. S, fol. 139), and was commis- sioned Captain of the Calvert Militia, 3d June, 1658 (Md. Archives, iii, 344-347). Later he removed to Dorchester County, where he took up land as early as 1668 (Dorchester Rent Roll). 15th May, 1676, Henry Hooper (2), sole sur- viving son of Henry Hooper (i), late of Dorchester County, deceased, was granted administration on the estate of his said father, and Wm. Hill and John Cooper were appointed appraisers of the deceased's estate in Calvert, while Joseph Hanaway and Lewis Griffin were named appraisers for such portion of the estate as lay in Dorchester County (Test. Proc. Lib. 8, fol. 68-69). Capt. Henry Hooper and Sarah, his wife, had issue: 1. Richard Hooper, died 1673, in Calvert County. By Mary, his wife (who married, secondly, Capt. Thos. Clagett), he left two daughters, Sarah and Eleanor. 2. Henry Hooper (2), of Dorchester County, of whom further. 3. Sarah Hooper. 4. Elizabeth Hooper. Henry Hooper (2), son of Henry and Sarah, came to Maryland with his parents in 165 1. In a deposition made in 1706 (Dorchester Co. Rec, Lib. 2, fol. 153) he gives his age as 63 years. He was born, therefore, in 1643, ^^^ was almost eight years old at the time of his arrival. He settled in Dorchester County, where the Rent Roll shows that he pos- sessed a considerable landed estate. He was one of the Jus- tices of Dorchester County in 1669, '71, '74, '76, '79, '80, '85, '89 (Lib. R.R.; Lib. CD, fol. 431; Md. Archives, v, 52; xiii, 244; XV, 38, 69, 131, 326), and was Presiding Justice in 1694 (Lib. HD, No. 2). He also represented the county in the House of Burgesses in 1694 ("Old Kent," 380). Henry Hooper (2) was twice married, and his first wife was from Somerset County. The records of that county show that on the /jth of July. 1669, Henry Hooper (2) and Elizabeth Den- wood were married by Capt. William Thorne, "one of his 21 322 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY Lordship's Justices for this county." This lady was the daughter of Levin Denwood and sister of Mrs. Roger Wool- ford. They had issue, with perhaps others : T. Richard Hooper, married Anne, daughter of Wil- liam and Elizabeth (Winslow) Dorrington. He died before his father, leaving a son, Henry. 2. Mary Hooper, born 1674; married Henry Ennalls, March 31, 1695; died 27th July, 1745; was buried at "Eldon." 3. Elizabeth Hooper, married Matthew Travers. The second wife of Henry Hooper (2) was named Mary, but it is uncertain who she was. In a power of attorney, 7th November, 1693, she calls Capt. Thomas Ennalls her brother (Dorchester Co. Rec, Lib. S, old fol. 39-40), but she was cer- tainly not his own sister (see Ennalls family). The names of her children point to a connection with the Woolford family, but here again the evidence is insufficient to warrant any positive statement. At any rate, Henry Hooper (2) and Mary, his wife, had the following children : 1. Henry Hooper (3), member of Council and Chief Jus- tice of the Provincial Court of Maryland. Died 20th April, 1767, aged 80; left issue. 2. Thomas Hooper, left issue. 3. John Hooper, died 1754; left issue. 4. Roger Hooper, married Hicks. 5. James Hooper, born 1703; died 1789; of whom fur- ther. 6. Anne Hooper, married John Bronie, of Calvert County. (This daughter may have been by the first wife.) 7. Mary Hooper, married Hicks. 8. Rosanna Hooper, married Hodson. 9. Sarah Hooper, married Heyward. 10. Rebecca Hooper, married Hodson. 11. Priscilla Hooper, married John Stevens. Henry Hooper (2) died in 1720, and his widow, Mary, in 1740. James Hooper, son of Henry and Mary, was born 3d Octo- ber, 1703, and died 3d November, 1789. His wife's name THE HOOPERS 323 was Mary. Besides his son John, he had a son, Samuel Hooper, to whom he conveyed some land in Dorchester County, 30th September, 1785 (Dorchester Co. Rec, Lib. N. H., No. 5, fol. 216). For the Hne of descent from him, see genealogy. ""The loss of the early wills of Dorchester County makes it impossible to supply this part of the genealogy from record sources. Prior to 1777, dupHcate copies of the wills are preserved at Annapolis. NOTES. Henry Hooper (2), of Dorchester County, will dated 27th March, proved 30th August, 1720. Leaves tO' eldest son, Henry, land in Dorchester and Calvert Counties, which latter "my father, Henry Hooper, formerly lived on;" mentions sons Thomas and John, son-in-law Matthew Travers, son James Hooper, son Roger Hooper, grandson Henry Hooper, son of Richard, deceased; wife Mary, daughters Mary En- nalls, Elizabeth Travers, Anne Brome, Mary Hicks, Susanna Hodson and Sarah Hayward, daughters Rebecca and Pris- cilla Hooper, grandson Henry Hooper, son of Henry; wife Mary, executrix, and friends and relatives, Col. Roger Wool- ford and Maj. Henry Ennalls to assist her, Mary Hooper, of Dorchester County, will dated 21st June, proved 22d September, 1740, mentions sons Henry, James and John Hooper. To Henry, Thomas and James Hooper, sons of my son, Thomas Hooper, negro woman Fanny, &c., now in possession of their father-in-law (/. e., stepfather), Thos. Cannon, son Roger Hooper tO' pay his sister, Sarah Hayward, 10 pounds currency, and the same sum to his six sisters, Elizabeth Travers, Anne Brome, Mary Hicks, Ros- anna Hodson, Rebecca Hodson and Priscilla Stevens, bequest to granddaughter, Mary Hooper, daughter of Thomas, son Roger Hooper, executor, (Annapolis, Wills, Lib. 22, fol. 248.) 30th September, 1785, James Hooper, of Dorchester County, Gent., to his son, Samuel Hooper, four tracts, viz: 324 HISTORY OF .DORCHESTER COUNTY (fl) Whinfill, 200 a., on Taylor's Island; (b) Hooper's Defi- ance, 167 a.; (e) Woolford's Beginning, 206^ a., purchased of Levin Woolford; (d) The White Marsh, 35 a., all in Dor- chester County. (Dorchester Co. Rec, Lib. N. H., No. 5, fol. 216.) Henry Hooper (3), previously mentioned, the first son of Henry Hooper (2), was born in 1687, and died April 20, 1767, at the age of eighty years. He was a man of large influ- ence and became the owner of much land, some of which his father left him by will. In 1720 he purchased of Major Nicholas Sewall a tract of land, "My Lady Sewall's Manor," called "Warwick," on Secretary Creek (now know as War- wick River), containing 1243 acres, for two hundred and fifty pounds sterling. In 1739 he had "Warwick" and several other adjacent tracts resurveyed and embodied into one tract which he named "Warwick Fort Manor," that contained 2342 acres. His son, Henry Hooper (4), who became the owner of "Warwick Fort Manor," was an influential patriot and was a delegate to several conventions of the Province of Maryland, held in 1775 and 1776, for putting the colony in a state of military defence. In 1776 Colonel Hooper was appointed Brigadier-General of the Militia, in the lower district of the Eastern Shore. (See Revolutionary Period, in this volume.) About 1735 Col. Henry Hooper (4) married Anne Ennalls, daughter of Wm. Ennalls and Ann Smith, his wife. The children of Colonel Hooper, later known as Brig.- Gen. Henry Hooper (4), were: 1. William Hooper, M.D., who married Sarah Ridge- way, in 1 77 1, of Talbot County, a descendant of the Bozman family. 2. Henry Hooper, Jr. (5). The last Hooper who owned "Warwick," which he sold, in parcels, as follows: 300 acres for $2700 to Joseph E. Sulivane, July 21, 1812; 120 acres for $1880 to William Gist, November 26, 1813; 1300 acres for $15,000 to John Mitchell, January i, 18 16. 3. John Hooper, ofificially known as Major John Plooper during and after the Revolution of 1776, of whom further. WARWICK FORT MANOR HOUSE, SECRETARY CREEK. THE HOOPERS 325 4. Mary, married, in 1804, Denwood Hicks. 5. Sally, no record. , 6. Anne Elizabeth, married Wm. Barrow. Descendants of Dr. William Hooper and Sarah Ridgeway Hooper were : 1. Anne, who married Joseph Sulivane. 2. Sally Ennalls, married John W. Henry, in 181 1. She was called the "Maid of the Oaks." 3. Henry, no record. The children of Henry Hooper, Jr., and Mary Price, his first wife, were : 1. William, who went to Utah Territory and was elected U. S. Senator from there. He amassed a great fortune in Utah, but never was a Mormon. He left children, one daughter married the son of Brigham Young. 2. Annie, married Dr. Robertson, of Somerset County. 3. Elizabeth, no reco'"d. By the second wife of Henry Hooper, Jr., Mary Ennalls:^ I. Anne was born, who married John Craig, in 1809, whose mother was Betsey Ennalls, daughter of Wm. Ennalls, son of Bartholomew Ennalls (2), and Elizabeth Trippe, his wife. The children of Major John Hooper and Ehzabeth E. Scott Hooper, his wife, were: 1. Mary E., who married Benjamin W. LeCompte, a lawyer in Cambridge. 2. Anne, married Henry Dickenson, a Justice of the Peace in Cambridge; had no children. 3. Sarah Ennalls, married Thos. I. H. Eccleston, son of John Firmin Eccleston and Milcah Airey Eccleston, his wife. ^ Mary Ennalls Hooper, widow of Henry Hooper, Jr., married a second time, a widower named Ennalls, whose daughter by his first wife was the first wife of John Craig and the mother of Wm. Pinkney Craig and John Adams Craig, M.D. 326 HISTORY OF .DORCHESTER COUNTY 4. Eliza, no record. 5. William, Ennalls, married Eliza Scott Pitt, daughter of Samuel Wilson Pitt and Mary (Scott) Pitt, his wife. Wil- liam E. Hooper died June 25, 1850. 6. John, M.D., married Anne Birkhead, daughter of James Birkhead and Elizabeth Sulivane, his wife, who was a daughter of Daniel Sulivane and Susan Orrick, his wife. 7. Joseph E., married Miss Hodson, had one daughter, EHzabeth, who married Col. John Hodson. She died in the year 1900. The children of William Ennalls Hooper and Eliza Scott Pitt, his wife, were: 1. John Pitt, married Maria L. White. 2. Joseph Henry, married Louisa Steele. 3. Wilhelmina, married Dr. Thomas Chase, of Annapo- lis, Surgeon U. S. Army. 4. William, died young. Children of Dr. John Hooper and Anne Birkhead, his wife, were : 1. Sarah Ennalls, married William Grason, son of ex- Governor Grason, of Queen Anne's County, whose wife was Susan Orrick Sulivane. 2. Annie, married Rev. Theodore P. Barber, D.D., Rector of Christ P. E. Church, Cambridge, Md., for forty- three years. 3. Elizabeth, "Betty," married Dr. Thos. H. Williams, formerly Surgeon in the U. S. Army. He resigned in 1861, and was appointed Assistant Surgeon-General in the C. S. A. 4. John H., married Margaret Richmond, nee John- stone, of Virginia. Died in Chicago. Benjamin Woodward LeCompte married Mary Ennalls Hooper, eldest daughter of Major John Hooper and Eliza- beth E. Scott Hooper, his wife, January 18, 18 10. Their children were : THE HOOPERS 327 Mary E. LeCompte, who married John P. Hooper, son of James Hooper, and Mary Woolford Hooper, his wife, who was the sister of Col. Stephen Woolford. Of Emily, Gaston and James LeCompte no record in hand. John P. Hooper and Mary E. LeCompte Hooper,^ his wife, were the parents of Jeremiah P. Hooper, the eldest son, now living in Baltimore. By his mother he is a lineal descendant of Gen. Henry Hooper, of Revolutionary fame. He mar- ried Miss Alice Eugenia Drake, a lineal descendant of John Drake, of Exmouth, England. Iln fIDemoriam. /iDar^ IB, Ibooper. On Monday afternoon, February 26, 1877, Mary E. Hooper, in the 67th year of her age, relict of the late John P. Hooper, and daugfhter of the late Benja- min W. LeCompte, of Cambridge, Md. She passed away, as sunbeams die, From the amber clouds of a summer sky — As music dies from a trembling string, With the last sad note which loved ones sing, A morning dew from an opening flower, Passes away o'er the noontide hour; Yet for her there is a light that will ever be day, A music whose sweetness will not die away; And to those who are weeping a hope is yet given, For the dew-drop of earth is the rainbow of heaven. Baltimore, Md. Jeremiah P. Hooper. * Mary E. Hooper died February 26, 1877, in the sixty-seventh year of her age. 328 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY Mary Priscilla, the eldest daughter, married Wm. Wihnot Hall, whose children were Lizzie Wilmot, who died single, and Mary Wharton, who married Wm. H. Bryan. She died some years ago. James Benjamin Hooper, the second son, married, first, Marietta Greenwell, of Leonardtown, Md. His second wife was Elenora Nuthall; had no children. Both deceased. Emily Ann Hooper, the second daughter, married Nich- olas Merryman Bosley, of Taylor's Island. Both lately deceased. She died August 24, 1902. Left three children, Mary Rebecca, Emily Ann and John Patterson Hooper Bosley. Margaret LeCompte Hooper, the third daughter, married William Winder Edmondson, Sr. They have four sons, Joseph Airey Edmondson, William Winder, Jr., John Hooper and Frank Gordon Edmondson. Henry Hooper, the fourth son, married Susie Hinds; had descendants James LeCompte Hooper, M.D., and others. Samuel Hooper, the fifth son, and Sarah Elizabeth Hooper both died single. William Gaston Hooper, the youngest son, married Miss Julia Plascette Pennington, daughter of Col. Ross T. Pen- nington. The prominence of James Hooper, brother of Henry Hooper, the first owner of "Warwick Fort Manor," and Henry Hooper, Q. S., and Samuel Hooper, his brother, is .better explained by reference to their wills. / James Hooper, fifth son of Henry Hooper (2), born Octo- I ber 3, 1703; died November 3, 1789; in his will, probated [ March 10, 1789, mentions the following children and grand- V-children : Thomas Hooper, grandson, son of James, Jr., gives land, part of "Hooper's Conclusion," on Taylor's Island, and "Hooper's Pasture." James Hooper, grandson, son of John, part of "Hooper's Conclusion," on Long Point, Slaughter Creek, and negro woman "Tamar." THE HOOPERS 329 Thomas Hooper, son. also a part of "Hooper's Conclu- sion" and negro man "Ceasar." John Hooper, son, "all the rest of my lands not disposed of, also some negroes." Henry Hooper, Q. S., son, "I give and bequeath unto my son, Henry Hooper, Q.. S., 5 shillings sterling, to be in full for his portion of my estate." Samuel Hooper, ■Son, a negro and silver cup. Thomas Hooper, grandson, son of John, a negro. Nancy Hooper (Noble), daughter, a negro. Other be^'quests as follows: "All of my silver plate to my three soiis, Thomas, John and Samuel. "AlV of my horses and cattle to my two sons, Thomas and Henvy, item. * All the rest of my personal estate I give and bequeath unto my following children, viz : "Thomas, John and Samuel Hooper, Elizabeth Edmond- oon, Sarah Pattison, Priscilla Woodward and Mary Noble, to * be equally divided among them." James Hooper, above-named, married Mary Woolford, sister of Col. Stephen Woolford, "Henry Hooper, O. S., son of James and Mary Woolford Hooper, named in his father's will to receive 5 shillings sterling, also made a will, proved October 30, 1799, to dispose of his large estate. He gave to his wife, Betty Hooper, dur- ing her life, one of his dwelling plantations, 'Porpeigham,' 300 acres, 'Addition to Outlet Pasture,' 230 acres, and 5000 pounds sterling out of the debts due and owing unto me upon lands; all of my household furniture, plate, negroes and everything else of my personal estate except the remainder of the debts due and owing me. * * * His wife was appointed sole executor and to take out letters, 'ad colligan- dum, bona defuncti' for recovering the debts, but that there be no appraisement or no inventory taken of my estate, nor my executrix shall not be obliged to give bond or take any oath to render any accounts." 330 HISTORY OF .DORCHESTER COUNTY The will in full made by Samuel Hooper, March 27, 1806, hereunder follows : ! SAMUEL HOOPER'S LAST WILL AND TESTAMENT. In the name of God, Amen. I, Samuel Hooper, of Dorchester County, in the State of Maryland, Being very sick and low in heaK<".h, but of sound and disposing mind, memory and understanding^ and consid- ering the certainty of death and the uncertainty ipf the time thereof, and being desirous to settle my worldly affaJ^s^ ^^^ therefore be the better prepared to leave this world wl'^en it shall please God to call me hence, Do therefore make and p'ub- lish this my last will and testament, in manner and form l>ol- lowing : That is to say I give and devise unto my so ^ Henry Hooper, his heirs and assigns forever, a tract of land, "Porpeigham," containing 300 acres, and part of a tract of land called "Addition to Outlet," which said lands were devised to me by my brother Henry Hooper, O. S. And also a tract of land, Belvoir, which I purchased of Levin Keene, also the house and lot whereon Mrs. Annie Golds- borough now lives, which I Purchased of Robert Muir, all of which lands I have heretofore deeded to him, my said son Henry. Also all other tracts or parts of tracts which I now own, lying and being on the west side of Trans- quaking River, let them be called by whatever names or name they may, except lots and houses in Cambridge. But I do give and devise the lands aforesaid on condi- tion that my said son shall within one year after he arrives to a lawful age execute and convey all his right and title to the lands which I have sold to Isaac Creigh- ton, his heirs and assigns forever, as will appear by the bond of conveyance given by me. And in case my said son shall not comply with the conditions, then, and in this case I give and devise all the lands aforesaid devised to him, to my daughter, Elizabeth A. Hooper, her heirs and assigns for- THE HOOPERS 331 ever. I also give and bequeath unto my said son Henry- Hooper, my Bookcase, Desk, Watch and Gold Sleeve But- tons. I give and devise unto Mary Hooper, my daughter, her heirs and assigns forever, a tract of land called "Beaver Dam Range," and part of a tract called "Addition to Fort Neck," which I purchased of William Ennalls. Also the house and lot of land which I purchased of Francis Gist in the town of Cambridge, Md. All of which lands I have hereto- fore devised to my said daughter Mary Hooper. Also all the lands and tenements near Middletown, which I purchased of William Whittington, William Tucker, Thomas Locker- man, and the vacancy which I have taken up and added to the said lands. And also all the lands which I pur- chased of David Shipley and his wife. But I do thereby give and devise the land aforesaid to my said daughter on condition that my said daughter shall within one year after she arrives at lawful age for that purpose convey by deed all her right and title to the lands which I have sold to Isaac Creighton, aforesaid, his heirs and assigns forever, as will appear by the bond of conveyance given him by me. And in case my said daughter shall not comply with this condition then, and in this case I give all the lands aforesaid so as aforesaid devised to her, to my said daughter, Elizabeth Ann Hooper, her heirs and assigns for- ever, all the lands and tenements which were conveyed to me by Archibald Moncreiff and also all the lands which I lately purchased of Lotty Ru. I also' give and bequeath to her one half dozen silver table spoons, and one half dozen tea spoons. I give and bequeath tO' my loving wife Sarah Hooper my carriage and horse called Bob. I give and bequeath after the payment of my debts legacies and my wife's thirds, all the residue of my estate, to be equally divided among my three children, Henry, Elizabeth Ann and Mary. And lastly do constitute and appoint my dear wife, Sarah Hooper to be executrix, and Arthur Whitely to be executor of this my last will and testament. 332 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY In testimony whereof I have heretofore set my hand and seal, this 27th day of March, 1806, A. D. Samuel Hooper (Seal). Witnesses : Richard Pattison. Samuel Brown, John Mace. Probated April 8th, 1806. Recorded in the Office of the Register of Wills of Dor- chester County in Liber L. L. K., No. i, folio 44. This family of Hoopers, of whom only a few has been mentioned, is no relation to Mayor Hooper, of Baltimore, and his relatives, the Hoopers, extensive manufacturers of cotton duck. The first arrival of that family in Maryland came as a cabin boy on a merchant vessel from England. HOOPER FAMILY BRANCHES. Col. Moses LeCompte, married Elizabeth Wheeler, June II, 1782. Charles LeCompte, married Drucilla Travers, December 19, 1790. Miss Annie LeCompte, married Henry Keene, July 23, 1798. Miss Elizabeth LeCompte, married James Pattison, December 6, 1802. Miss Priscilla Hooper, married James Woolford, August 8. 1783. Thomas Hooper, married Sarah Hooper, August 17, 1785. Thomas Hooper, married Mary Hooper, June 17, 1788. Betty Hooper, married Matthew Travers, January 7, 1796. James Hooper, married Priscilla Pattison, December 19, 1798. James Hooper, married Mahala Travers, January 14, 1800. THE HOOPERS 333 Mrs. Amelia Hooper, nee Barnes, married Jeremiah Pat- tison. May 28, 1800. William Hooper, married Priscilla Gadd, October 4, 1800. Thomas Hooper, married EHzabeth Smith, December 26, 1801. John Hooper, married Mary McKeel, August 6, 1802. Jeremiah Pattison, married Nancy Barnes, December 9, 1787. Richard Pattison,^ married Mary McKeel, March 4, 1788. Elizabeth Pattison, married Benjamin Woodward, Novem- ber 3, 1789. Thos. James Pattison, married Margaret Woodward, August 10, 1790. William Pattison, married Elizabeth Linthicum, January 19, 1803. Mary Edmundson, married John Brohawn, September 13, 1783- Pollard Edmundson, married Elizabeth Airey, March 26, 1789. Mrs. Roxanna Edmundson, married James Smith, March 5, 1792. (Grandparents of Dr. Benj. L. Smith, of Madison.) John Edmundson, married Sarah Mann, December 11, 1794. Thomas Edmundson, married Sarah Smith, July 11, 1798. Joseph Edmundson, married Elizabeth Simmons, April 11, 1799. James Hooper, of Hooper's Island, married Miss Ariana Lake, sister of George Lake, of Lake's District (see Lake family). They had eight children, viz : James, John, Henry, Thomas, Mary (Polly), Rebecca, Sarah (Sallie), and An'ana Hooper. James Hooper, son of James and Ariana (Lake) Hooper, married Mary (Polly) Harrington. Their children were : ^ There were two Richard Pattisons on Taylor's Island at this time; one of them was "Squire Dickey;" the other came to Orchard Creek, Taylor's Island, Md., from Calvert County. 334 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY Mary E. (died in childhood from accident); sons, Samuel, James, John H., Stewart and Thomas H. Hooper. John H. Hooper, of this family, married his cousin, Mary A. Hooper. (They eloped.) John Hooper, son of James and Ariana (Lake) Hooper, married Miss Mary S. Tucker, daughter of Capt. Thomas Tucker, of Galesville, Md. John Hooper died on Hooper's Island in the sixty-third year of his age. His wife, Mary S. Tucker, was born September 17, 1790; died June 9, 1854. Of their twelve children — Thomas was born in 1808; died in 1868. He married Miss Eliza McNamara. They had eight children. The survivors are Maria Lake Hooper, who married Capt. Jno. W. Stewart; Captain Timothy A. Hooper, and Capt. Luther Hooper. John Hooper, son of John and Mary S. Tucker Hooper, born ; died September 21, 1840, married Miss Susan McNamara; had two^ sons, William and Charles Hooper. Susan McNamara Hooper (widow), married Capt. George Mister. Harriet Hooper, daughter of John and Mary S. Tucker Hooper, married William Andrews in ''Lakes." They had one daughter, Clara, who married Dr. Edward L. Johnson. Fannie Hooper, daughter of John and Mary S. Tucker Hooper, married Capt. Severn Mister. She was born March 3, 1814; died November 3, 1902, in the eighty-ninth year of her age. Their children were Cornelia McNamara, widow of Jerome McNamara; Maria Frances Insley, wife of Rich- ard H. Insley; Ariana Insley, wife of Capt. Corbin Insley, and James E. Mister, of Baltimore, Md. THE KEENE FAMILY. {By Mrs. Hester Dorsey Richardson.) There is no name in the annals of Dorchester County more conspicuous for service in legislative hall and on the field than that of Keene. THE KEENES 335 The first of the family in Dorset was Capt. John Keene, of the Colonial Militia, who inherited from his father all his lands in Dorchester County. These included Keene's Neck, a tract of 250 acres on Hunger River, patented to Richard Keene, November 25, 1665; "Keene's Neglect," "Clark's Outhold" and other large tracts on Slaughter Creek, which have descended for many generations. •Kecnc Brms. Richard Keene, of "Richard's Manor," in Calvert County, emigrated to Maryland prior to 1637, from his home in Wordstown, Surrey, England. That he was a man of wealth and refinement the bequests of personal estate leaves no doubt. At a period when the colonist was deemed fortunate to possess the barest neces- sities we find Richard Keene (1672) devising six dozen nap- kins, dozens of pillow cases, table cloths, etc., 18 pewter 336 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY dishes, 3 dozen pewter plates, 18 leather chairs, mahogany tables, great chests, bedroom furniture, silver plate in large quantity. In addition to these evidences of luxurious living, Richard Keene left many servants, both white and black, thousands of acres of land and thirty thousand pounds of tobacco, which, in that day, was the currency of the Province. Upon attaining his majority, the first of the Dorchester Keenes took up his residence in the county upon the lands devised to him by his father, from which time until the pres- ent the name has been prominent in the social and political history of the county. In the year 1712 Capt. John Keene, one of the military officers of Dorchester County, was also a Justice of the Peace, which, in that day, was a Judge of the County Court. As both the military and civil officers of the colony were by commission from the Lords Baltimore, much more im- portance attached to the appointments than in these days of political rivalry. In the year 1734 Benjamin Keene was also commissioned to be a Justice for Dorchester County, in which capacity he continued to serve for many years. In the Revolutionary War, the Keenes of Dorchester County figured conspicuously as officers and members of the Committee of Safety. Richard Keene, grandson of Richard, of Calvert County, married Susannah Pollard. They had nine sons and three daughters. Seven of the sons emigrated to Kentucky. These pioneer brothers settled in Scott County, where in an old cemetery they and many of their descendants lie buried. Three of the sons of Richard and Susannah took Holy Orders like their kinsman across the sea, Edward Keene, Lord Bishop of Ely and of Chester, and became clergymen in the Episcopal Church. These were William, John and Samuel, the latter remained in Maryland. He was ordained in Fulham Palace, London, in the year 1760, and later received the degree of D.D. from THE KEENES 337 the Washington College, of which he was one of the Stand- ing Committee of Examiners. At one time the Rev. Samuel Keene was rector of St. Anne's Parish in Anne Arundel County, also of St. Luke's, of Queen Anne's County; St. John's, of Caroline and Queen* 5 Anne's, and St. Michaels, of Talbot County. -i^^^t u- 'y\ f. !v Richard Raynal Keene, the talented young lawyerywliose .s ^ elopement with Eleanore Martin, the beautiful young daugh- '* ter of Luther Martin, the distinguished Baltimorej; .;\. t„ was the social sensation of the year 1802, was of this Eastern Shore family of Keenes. Among the children and grandchildren of the pioneer brothers of Kentucky were some talented men and charming women. Wm. B. Keene, son of Thomas and Mary Tubman, of Dorchester County, was the founder and orator of the Med- ical and Chirurgical Society of Baltimore in 1799. Subse- quently he rejoined his family in Kentucky and later, like many of his kinsmen, journeyed farther South. He died in Louisiana in 1857. Rev. John Keene, one of the pioneer brothers of Kentucky, a clergyman of the Episcopal Church, married Miss Young, of Maryland. Their son, Samuel Young Keene, surgeon in the Revolutionary Army, was born in Kentucky, where he married one of his Keene cousins. After her death he returned to Maryland and married Rebecca, daughter of Howes Goldsborough, and his cousin, Rebecca, granddaugh- ter of Judge Robert Goldsborough, of Cambridge, Md. Their children were John Henry Keene, the distinguished Baltimore lawyer and author, and a daughter, Mary Ann Keene. John Henry Keene, late of Lauraville, Baltimore County, married Sarah Dorsey Lawrence, daughter of Capt. Levin Lawrence, of the Flying Camp of the Revolutionary Army, and Sarah Dorsey, daughter of "Wild Caleb" Dorsey. Their children are John Henry Keene, a prominent lawyer of Baltimore; Mrs. W. Pinkney Craig, Miss Mary Hollings- 22 338 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY worth Craig, and Miss Laura Eleanora Keene, of Govans- town, Baltimore County. Mary Ann Keene married John Hollingsworth, son of Judge Zebulon Hollingsworth, of Maryland. The venerable Samuel Young Keene, of Georgetown, Ky., is the most direct descendant of the pioneer Kentucky Keene settlers who went from Maryland nearly two hundred years ago. Mr. John Henry Keene, of Baltimore, is the last male descendant of his father's line, but in Dorchester County there are a number of famihes which still bear the proud old name, while other families identified with the early history of the State are lineal descendants of the colonial Keenes through the daughters. This is true of the Goldsboroughs, Dorseys and other Dorchester County families. The Kentucky Keenes intermarried with the Crittendens, Fauntleroys, Theobalds, Buckners, Sayres, Johnsons, Will- motts. Conns and Warrens. An interesting and highly-prized coat-of-arms has de- scended in several branches of the Keene family. Recently an old silver coffeepot of colonial design was accidentally found in an old antique shop with the Keene arms on one side and a Keene monogram on the other. Unfortunately, a stranger secured this interesting and valuable heirloom before one of the family could rescue it. THE KIRWAN FAMILY. SOLOMON F. KIRWAN. The first settlers of the family of Kirwans who came to Maryland about 1650 were three brothers, John, Thomas and David, who came from England and first located in Somerset County, near Dame's Quarter. A short time thereafter, John, the great-great-grandfather of Solomon F. Kirwan, came over to Dorchester and settled near Pritchett's Cross- roads, in that part of the county now called Lakes district. He had several sons, Peter, John and Thomas. Descendants of John and Thomas now five in Lakes. THE KIRVVANS 339 Peter Kirwan, grandfather of Solomon F. Kirwan, set- tled in a locality in Lakes, now called Kirwan's Neck, on the premises now the home of Capt. S. A. Tyler. He married a Miss Taylor, by whom he had six sons, John, Peter, Daniel, Thomas, Solomon and Mathias. By his second wife, who was a Miss Keene, he had one son, Zebulon. He was interested in maritine pursuits as well as in farm- ing. He built a large sea-going vessel named the "Mason" about 1788, on World's End Creek, where there was a public landing and shipyard for many years. Hand-sawed timber was the staple commodity of that section in those days. At his death his son Solomon became the owner of the home- stead, which, at his death, became the property of his son, Solomon F. Kirwan. Solomon Kirwan, son of Peter and the father of our sub- ject, Solomon F. Kirwan, was a seafaring man for nearly half his life, in the coasting and West India trade. After he retired from the sea and settled on shore, he entered political life. He was Justice of the Peace for five years; elected Sheriff in 1817, and reelected in 1821; he was County Commissioner for four years. He died at the age of seventy-five years. Solomon F. Kirwan, son of the deceased, was born June 10, 18 14, being now eighty-eight years of age. Like his father, when a young man, he embarked as a sailor on the sea for some years, but returned home and engaged in farming and the sailing vessel trade. Following in the polit- ical footsteps of his father, he was ten years a Justice of the Peace; four years a County Commissioner, and four years one of the Judges of the Orphans' Court. He married Susan Travers, daughter of Col. John Travers, of Hooper's Island. He is now retired from active busi- ness, but is enjoying good health where he now resides, at Lloyds, Dorchester County, Md. His children are William E. Kirwan, shipchandler in Baltimore; he married Annie Meekins, daughter of George H. Meekins, of Dorchester 340 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY County; A. C. Kirwan, United States Shipping Commis- sioner at Baltimore, married Miss Koefoed, of Taylor's Island; John F. Kirwan, Captain of the steamer "Susque- hanna," who married Miss Edmonds, of Baltimore; Solomon F. Kirwan, Jr., merchant at Lloyds, married Miss Robinson, daughter of A. J. Robinson, of Dorchester County. The surviving daughters, Martina Kirwan, married S. Cowart, of Northumberland County, Va., and Sallie C. Kir- wan married H. H. Travers, of Dorchester County. Of the brothers of Peter Kirwan, John and Thomas, who settled near what is now called Lakesville, John was Ensign in Capt. Timothy McNamare's militia company, called "Friends to America," during the Revolutionary War. His son, John Kirwan, called Big John, died about 1856, he married Sallie Pritchett, daughter of Elijah and Rachael Pritchett; she died at Crapo, at the advanced age of 96 years, in 1880. Their children were Katie (who never married, died at the age of eighty-two years), John, Thomas William and Jane. John, now deceased, married Elizabeth Pritchett. daughter of Henry and Manie Pritchett. Their surviving children are Arthur J., Jennie (Kirwan) Foxwell, George E., Fannie (Kirwan) Hart and John S. Kirwan. Thomas Kirwan, now deceased, married three times; first, Sallie Evans, by whom were born two: children, Eliza (Kir- wan) Denny, deceased, and Thomas H. Kirwan, now living at Lakesville. His second wife was Mary Dean; left no sur- viving children; and his third wife was Nancy (Phillips) Wroten, widow. Their children are Martha (Kirvvan), Wheatley and Benj. F. Kirwan. William Kirwan married Elizabeth Jones, of Baltimore. Jane Kirwan married Alza Willey, who left one surviving daughter, Sarah E. Willey, wdio first married John Simmons, who died, leaving widow and three sons, viz: William H., James E. and Charles W. Simmons. Sarah E. Simmons, widow, married Capt. Henry Nicely, of Virginia, who was accidentally killed on a sail vessel in Chesapeake Bay. THE LAKES 341 Thomas Kirwan, a brother of Peter and John, also Hved in Lakes; he married a Miss Wheatley; one of their children, John D. Kirwan, married Lavinaj Wingate, daughter of Pritchett Wingate. Their children were John S. Kirwan and Andrew Washington Kirwan. Capt. John S. Kirwan now resides in Baltimore, is engaged in the oyster trade and commission business. He married Mary A. Windsor, daughter of William and Elizabeth Windsor. Their chil- dren are William C. Kirwan, oyster and fruit commission merchant; he married Miss Lynch, of Baltimore. John E. Kirwan, oyster and West Lidia fruit merchant; married Miss Dora Stein, of Baltimore. Delia Kirwan, deceased, married Capt. Samuel Todd. Fannie G. married Capt. Sam. Smith, now deceased. Capt. Charles S. (single), engaged in the oyster and West India fruit trade. Mary Flora married Jacob Barnes. Capt. Fred. N. (single), engaged in the oys- ter and West India fruit trade. Andrew Washington Kirwan, brother of Capt. John S., was a volunteer in Company B, under Capt. John E. Graham, in the First Eastern Shore Regiment of Infantry, during the Civil War. He died soon after the close of the war. The Kirwans have universally borne an enviable reputation through successive generations as patriots, soldiers, mariners, merchants and in other business relations, wherever engaged. THE LAKE FAMILY. The Maryland branch of the Lake family, who left England on account of religious persecutions following the death of Charles I., have a family tradition that they descended from the old established family of that name in England, of which Edward Lake, LL.D., Chancellor of the Diocese of Lincoln, a devoted adherent of Charles I., for whom he fought at the battle of Naseby, and was there wounded sixteen times, was given by the King a coat-of-augmentation, and an addi- tional coat-of-arms. and was also made a baronet, with the privilege of naming his successor to the title. However, no 342 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY patent was taken out b}^ him before the time of his death in 1674. He was succeeded by his grandnephew, Sir Bibye Lake, Sub-Governor of the African Company, who was also created a baronet, October 17, 171 1. (See coat-of-arms.) Some members of the Lake family are said toi have left Maryland and settled in Virginia and New Jersey, of whom descended Capt. George Blocker Lake, late of Edgefield, S. C., Thomas Harden Lake, of Mobile, Ala., and Mrs. Julia Lake Crawford, of New York. Xahe arms. The first of the name of Lake found of record in Maryland, is "Robert Lake," an inhabitant of the Isle of Kent, Planter, mentioned in Court proceedings February 12, 1637, as hav- ing been engaged in Claiboirne's Rebellion in 1635. He was then seventeen years of age as appears by his deposition February 22, 1639. There are also three emigrants named on Brewer's list of early settlers, 1634 to 1689, tO' wit: "John Lake, 1658," "George Lake, 1661," "John Lake, 1661." Various tracts of land were patented by the Lakes; Robert Lake, tract called "Luck," in 171 3; Rev. Charles Lake, tract THE LAKES 343 called "Lake's Discovery," in 1742; Henry Lake, tract called "Lake's Enclosure," in 1749; Henry Lake, tract called "Lake's Hazard," in 1760; Henry Lake, tract called "Tar Kiln Ridge." Robert Lake's will proven August, 171 6, wife, Jane Lake, executrix. Henry Lake, Sr., will proven July 7, 1760; co his daughters, Sarah Lake and Arana Hooper, he bequeaths personal property, stock, etc. Had only one son, "Henry." Does not mention any land by patent name. He closes his bequest as follows : "I give and bequeath untO' Mary, my beloved wife, and my son, Henry Lake, my royell and parsinal estate during her life or widowhood which shall first happen, my parsinally estate tO' be equally divided between my wife and her son if ever she should marry, and if not, all to my son Henry after her death, to him and his heirs forever if he live the longest." By request of his mother to Mr. James Auld, commissary of Dorchester County, August 11, 1760, Henry Lake was appointed administrator. Rev. Charles Lake, Rector of St. James Parish and Royal Clerk Anne Arundel County, will proven August 15, 1764, leaves books, papers, etc., to the Rev. Samuel Keene and Mr. William Keene. His lands in Dorchester having been pre- viously sold. Henry Lake, only son of Henry Lake, Sr., was born 1739, died November 20, 1804, married Rhoda Jewett about 1762, commissioned Captain of a company, Dorchester County Militia in Col. Wm. Travers' Battalion, Brigadier-General Henry Hooper's Corps, May 16, 1776; recommissioned Cap- tain July, 1778. During the Revolutionary War a force of British led by some Tories came in a boat to Captain Lake's house for the purpose of arresting him and destroying his property. His daughter Lovey, a handsome and spirited girl, was sO' in- censed at the mistreatment of her father, and of herself in their trying to take the silver buckles off her shoes, be- came so defiant that she was pushed intO' a back room of the 344 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY dwelling and so enraged the Tories that they set the house on fire. She succeeded in putting out the fire and escaping by a back window; running across the fields back of the house, she found some of her father's company who came to his rescue, and firing upon the British and Tories, drove them back to their boats without their prisoner. Captain Lake's wife, Rhoda, also resisted the arrest of her husband and took hold of him by the arm and said that he should not be taken prisoner. She held him so securely that a soldier in trying to force her to turn him loose, stuck a bayonet in her arm. (The foregoing is a tradition, authen- ticated by the older members of the family.) Capt. Henry Lake was appointed by Governor Smallwood, State's Judge or Justice of Dorchester County, qualified May 6, 1786. He was appointed "High Sheriff" of the county, and qualified after executing a bond of Ten Thousand Pounds, current money, October 24, 1797. Capt. Henry Lake and wife, Rhoda, are buried in the Lake Homestead on Honga River, Lake's District. The inscription on his tomb is as follows: Here lieth the body of the once very ufeful HENRY LAKE A lover of juftice, Truth, and the Religion of Jefus Christ, who departed this life November 28th., 1804., about the 65th. year of his age. "The serpent need not gape for prey, Nor Death his Vict'ry boaft, For Jefus takes the fting away, And all their power is loft. Then let the Juft with Jefus lleep, In undisturbed repofe, And only lie thus buried deep, To rife as once he rofe." Capt. Henry Lake believed it to be unjust to hold servants in perpetual bondage, hence he manumitted several of his slaves before his death. THE LAKES 345 QUALIFICATIONS OF HENRY LAKE-STATE'S JUDGE OR JUSTICE. Messrs. Benjamin Keene and Henry Lake, two' of the gentlemen nominated in the Commission of the Peace here- inafter recorded, came into Court and accepted the said appointment and were accordingly qualified as two of the Justides of the Peace in and for this county by taking, repeat- ing and subscribing to the Oath of Fidelity and support of the State of Maryland by repeating and subscribing the Declaration of their belief in the Christian Religion, and by taking and repeating the Oath of Judge or Justicte. Record — Minutes of Court of 1786, Tuesday, May 16. folio 32. State of Maryland, Dorchester County, Set: I, Charles Lake, Clerk of the Circuit Court for Dorches- ter County do> certify that the foregoing are truly copied fro'm the records of Dorchester County and now on file in this office. In Testimony Whereof, I hereunto^ subscribe my name and a.ffi.x the seal of the Circuit Court for Dorchester County, this seventeenth day of October, A. D. 1898. Charles Lake, Clerk. Lake's District appears to be the only district in Dorches- ter County bearing the name of an individual, that honor and distinction having been conferred upon the County's High Sheriff and "useful" citizen, Capt. Henry Lake. CHILDREN OF CAPT. HENRY LAKE AND WIFE RHODA. 1. Henry, drowned at sea. 2. Elizabeth, married Thomas Barnes. 3. Mary, married Moses Barnes. 4. Lavina (Lovey), married John Stewart McNamara.^ ^John Stewart McNamara was an officer in the Revolutionary War. He was a man of means and influence and was bondsman for Capt. Henry 346 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY 5. William, married Elizabeth Hart, October 24, 1791. 6. Levin, married, i, Mary Keene; 2, Maria Muir. 7. George, married, Mary Boyne Slacombe^ (Slacum). 8. Washington, married Margaret Slacum. CHILDREN OF JOHN STEWART McNAMARA AND WIFE, LOVEY (LAKE), DAUGHTER OF HENRY LAKE. 1. William, married Partridge. 2. Susan, married, i, John Hooper; 2, Capt. George Mis- ter. Beverly W. Mister, Esq., of Baltimore, is a descendant. 3. Zippora, married John Hooper. 4. Rhoda, married Slater Cowart. 5. Henry L., born April 30, 1803; died, December 27, 1844; married Harriett Lake. CHILDREN OF WILLIAM McNAMARA AND WIFE (PARTRIDGE). 1. Sarah, married Benjamin F. Cator, of Baltimore, one of the founders of the firm of Armstrong, Cator & Co. 2. Susan, married, i, Wilcox; 2, Gov. Holliday Hicks, of Maryland. SLACOMBE NOTES. Gabriel Slacom (Slacombe) was an officer of the crew of the Privateer "Sturdy Beggar," sailing under Letters of Mar- que, commissioned in 1776 and 1777. He was captured and imprisoned for several years in England; finally escaped to France and reached his home after an absence of seven years, broken in health from serious wounds received at the time Lake on bond for 10,000 Pounds, current money, as High Sheriff for Dorchester County in 1797. Colonel McNamara died July 8, 1823, in the 68th year of his age. ^ Mary Boyne Slacombe (Slacum) Lake was the daughter of Gabriel Slacum, of Maryland, and Catherine Boyne, his wife, daughter of Dr. Boyne, of Dublin, Ireland, of the old Irish family of Boyne. THE LAKES 347 of his claptiire. His family had long since thought him deacKj His ancestor was George Slacombe, "A German Borne." Citizenship was given him by Naturalization Act, passed June II, 1697. (See Maryland Archives.) Others of his descendants were loyal to King George HI. during the Revolutionary War. (See Memorial of Capt. Thos. Sparrow, 1777, relating to mistreatment received by him in Dorchester County, "in recruiting for matrosses," from Mr. George SlacDmbe and others; Mr. George Sla- combe afterwards moved to Alexandria, Va. His daughter married Col. Charles May of the U. S. Army. Mrs. Herman Oelrichs, Sr., of Baltimore, was their descendant.) Several families of Slacombes, who are descendants of the old family above-named, are residents of Lake's District at this time. Some of the descendants of Capt. Henry Lake, of Revolu- tionary fame, were in the War of 1812, and others were loyal Southerners; of them, the following named served in the Confederate Army : Levin Lake, Captain and Quartermaster, second officer commissioned by State of Mississippi in 1861; served throughout the war, especially distinguished in supplying Gen. Jos. E. Johnston's army with provisions at Rome and Atlanta in spring of 1864. Albert Crawford Lake (son of Levin), Private in Stan- ford's Battery. Charles Henry Lake (son of Henry S.), Private in Stan- ford's Battery. Geoi. W. Lake, Jr. (son of Geo. W.), Private in Stanford's Battery. George Lake (son of William), Private in Stanford's Bat- tery, and chief clerk in army works, Deniopolis, .Via. Robert Pinkney Lake, M.D., Surgeon Army of Northern Virginia. Gabriel Perry Lake, Captain Company Mississipi^i Cavalry (George and Armstrong's Brigaiie). 348 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY Augustus Washington Lake (son of William), Private Fif- teenth Mississippi Regiment, wounded at battle of Shiloh, afterwards chief clerk in surgeon's office at Grenada, Miss., to close of war. Walter Scott Lake (son of William), with General Jack- son's escort and Ordnance Sergeant, Seventh Tennessee Regiment. Richard Pinkney Lake (son of William), Second Lieuten- ant, Capt. R. E. Wynne's Company, Mississippi Cavalry, and Second Lieutenant detached service, in command of dis- mounted men of Brigade Mississippi Cavalry (age 17), at close of war. Edwin B. Lake (son of Captain Levin), with Texas forces, was drowned and frozen in an expedition to capture a Fed- eral gunboat off Brownsville, Tex., in winter of 1863. James Bushrod Lake, Jr. (son of Jas. Bushrod), Captain and A. D. C. Staff Gen. Bushrod Johnson. Craig Lake (son of Jas. Bushrod), Maryland Regiment. Died in service in Virginia. Alexander Fridge Lake (son of Henry, of Memphis), Ten- nessee Regiment. Killed in battle of Shiloh. Levin Lake, Jr., Volunteer A. D. C. Staff General Early's Army of Northern Virginia. James F. Mister, captured in army of Northern Virginia, after exchange was Major in Battalion Mississippi Cavalry. Matthew Keene Mister, Captain and A. A. G. Brigade Mississippi Cavalry. Wilbur F. Mister, Chaplain Army of Tennessee. William Henry McNamara, Private Mississippi Cavalry. Lake McNamara, Chaplain Army of Northern Vir- ginia; died in service. George W. Lake, clerk in Quartermaster's Office, Gren- ada, Miss. In addition tO' the foregoing, Hon. William A. Lake, of Vicksburg, Miss., was a candidate for member in Confederate Congress, when he was killed in a duel with his opponent, Colonel Chambers. THE LAKES 349 LAKE FAMILY CHARACTERISTICS. Light or red hair, florid c'omplexions, well built, very ener- getic, attentive and capable in their business occupations. They revered the Christian religion and were members of the Church of England until the days of Bishop Asbury, who- swept the Eastern Shore with a religious wave of Methodism soon after the Revolutionary War, and most of them have been members of the Methodist Church since that period. They were noted for their integrity and independence, kind and indulgent tO' their families, lovers of horses and the own-, ership of land; were patriotic, and have served their country in all of its wars — not less than twenty members of whom served in the Southern Army during the late Civil War. GEORGE LAKE, SON OF CAPT. HENRY LAKE. George Lake (son of Henry Lake and Rhoda his wife), born 1776, died November 21, 183 1. Married Mary Boyne Slacum, marriage license issued October 23, 1802. She was born June 3. 1784. and died September 21, 1872, buried at Grenada, Miss. (He was buried at "Locust Grove" Farm, Lake District, Dorchester County, Md.) Mary Boyne Sla- cum was the daughter of Gabiiel Slacum, a sailor in the Rev- olutionary War, who married Catherine Boyne, daughter of Dr. Boyne, of Dublin, Ireland. George Lake was Captain Dorchester Coimty Militia in War of 1812-15; Forty-eighth Regiment (Jones) Maryland Detached Service. In an en- gagement with General Ross' forces, at Honga River in 18 14, his horse was shot down in their attack. He was a farmer and merchant and also member of Maryland Legislature 1827-28; was an ardent admirer of Andrew Jackson. CHILDREN OF CAPT. GEORGE LAKE AND WIFE, MARY B. 1. Harriet, married Daniel Barnes; 2, Henry L. Mc- Namara. 2. Miriam, married John Cowart. 3. Catherine, married Isaac Creighton. ,350 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY 4. Clarissa H., married, i, William Washington Lake; 2, John S. Staplefort. 5. Julia A., married Matthew Keene Mister. 6. Clementine, married William Lake. 7. Georgeanna, married, i, Henry S. Lake; 2, Major Aug. Newton; 3, Dr. Joseph B. Tarpley. 8. Gabriel Perry Lake, married, i, Henrietta Crawford; 2, Mrs. Kate B. Connelly; 3, Mrs. Nannie K. Moore. 9. Robert Pinkney, married Virginia Lightfoot, of Vir- ginia. 10. Louisa, married Col. George E. Austin. WILLIAM LAKE, SON OF CAPT. HENRY LAKE. William Lake (son of Capt. Henry Lake and Rhoda his wife), born August i, 1767; died April 5, 18 10; married Elizabeth Hart. License issued October 21, 1791. She was born in 1772; died May 4, 1833, in the 62d year of her age. Both buried in the Lake Homestead Graveyard, Dorchester County, Md. INSCRIPTIONS ON TOMBSTONES. "In memory of William Lake, whoi was born August 1, 1767, and departed this life April 5, 1810, aged 42 year-8 mos-4 days. Dear travelers all who pass by me Think on that great eterniiy, I am not dead, but here do sleep, Tho' buried in this earth so deep, Till the Archangel rends the skies And Christ my Saviour bids me rise." "In memory of Elizabeth Lake, who departed this life May 4, 1833, in the 62d year of her age." Lavinia (Lovey) Lake, daughter of Capt. Henry Lake, born 1766, died November 17, 1843. Married John Stew- THE LAKES ' 351 art McNamara, license issued January 21, 1783, Dorchester County, Mel. CHILDREN OF WILLIAM LAKE AND WIFE ELIZABETH (BETTY HART). 1. Henry, born, ; died, ; married Janet Armour, of Baltimore; died in Memphis. 2. Robert Hart, born, ; died, ; married Mary San- ders, of Jackson, Tenn. 3. William Washington, born, 1812; died, April 12, 1839; married Clarissa H. Lake, Dorchester County. 4. William Washington Lake was a member of the Mary- land Legislature; was a popular merchant and farmer at Lakesville, Lake's District, Dorchester County. CHILDREN OF WILLIAM WASHINGTON AND WIFE CLARISSA H. LAKE. 1. Charles, born 1836. 2. CordeHa, born, ; died, ; married J. Adrian Snider, Coffeeville, Miss. CHARLES LAKE, SON OF WILLIAM WASHINGTON LAKE. Charles Lake (son of William Washington and Clarissa H. Lake, his wife) was born in Lake's District, January 14, 1838. He was educated in the public schools of Dorchester County, Cambridge Academy and Washington College, Chestertown, Md.; and married Miss Wilhelmina Phillips, of Cambridge, Md., daughter of Richard and Mary (Applegarth) PhilHps, his wife, in i860. Of the children of Charles Lake and his wife, four of them are dead and four are living, namely: Clara S., wife of Daniel E. Dail; Edwin S., who married Eliza- beth Mace; Virginia C, wife of Levi D. Travers Noble, and Hattie Pattison Lake, who married William H. Medford. For some years, Charles Lake was engaged in merchan- dising and farming at Lakesville prior to 1879, when he was elected Clerk of Dorchester County Court, and has been 352 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY reelected three times in succession to the same office. His fourth term will expire in the fall of 1903, when he will have completed twenty-four years of service as Circuit Court Clerk. LEVIN LAKE, SON OF CAPT. HENRY LAKE. Levin Lake (son of Capt. Henry Lake and wife Rhoda) was born January 25, 1774, died February 14, 1826. First married Mary Keene, license December 24, 1800, both of Dorchester County. He was a planter and lived in Draw- bridge, Dorchester County, near Salem, Md., a prominent and successful business man. Second marriage was with Maria Muir. CHILDREN OF LEVIN LAKE AND WIFE (MARY KEENE). 1. WilHam Augustus, born January 6, 1808; died October 15, 1861. 2. James Bushrod, born December 13, 181 1; died July 24, 1884; married Louisa Hooper Craig, December 13, 1832. She was born May 13, 1815; died, January 4, 1892. CHILDREN OF LEVIN LAKE AND WIFE (MARIA MUIR). I. Annie Lavinia, born, ; died, ; married, i, Daniel Nye; 2, Col. M. K. Mister, Grenada, Miss. WILLIAM AUGUSTUS, SON OF LEVIN LAKE AND WIFE (MARY KEENE). WilHam A. Lake (son of Levin Lake and wife Mary), born, January 6, 1808; died, October 15, 1861; married Anne Eliza Craig, sister of his brother James Bushrod's wife, and was born December 25, 1810, and died June 30, 1896. He was a member of the Maryland Legislature in 1831. Re- moved to Vicksburg, Miss. Member of Mississippi Legisb- THE LAKES 353 ture and Mississippi Senate. In 1856 was a member of United States Congress, Fourth Congressional District, a Whig in politics, though elected in a Democratic district. Was can- didate for the Confederate States Congress in 1861. Killed in a duel by Col. Chambers, of Mississippi, opposing candidate, October 15, 1861, at Hopefield, Ark., opposite Memphis, Tenn. He was a prominent lawyer and planter, and an influ- ential citizen, greatly beloved. It is believed that his death, which caused a thrill of horror throughout the Southern States, was the cause of putting a stop tO' the custom of duelling, which had been previously so much practiced in the South. CHILDREN OF WILLIAM A. LAKE AND WIFE (ANNE ELIZA CRAIG). 1. Mary, born, ; died, ; married Dufif Green, Vicksburg, Miss. 2. Louisa, born, ; died, ; married Slaughter. 3. Alice, born, ; married Jones. 4. WilHe, born, ; died, ; unmarried. CHILDREN OF JAMES BUSHROD LAKE AND WIFE LOUISA H. (CRAIG;. 1. William Augustus, born May 24, 1835; died April 28, 1861 ; married Annie S. Eccleston, Dorchester County, Md. 2. James Bushrod, born October 4, 1837; died September 30, 1896; married, i, M. R. Thayer; 2, Maggie J. Williams. 3. Levin, born May 31, 1842; married Maggie E. William- son, Memphis, Tenn. 4. Anne Eliza, born June 16, 1840; married John C. Henry, Cambridge, Md. 5. John Craig, born March 3, 1845; died March i, 1864, Richmond, Va., Confederate Army. 6. Albert, born December 8, 1846; married Annie E. Lamb. 7. Ida, born August 14, 1848. 23 354 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY 8. Orloff, born August i, 1855; married Amanda B. Spearing. 9. Duff Green Lake, born September 4, i860; married Ida M. Wood, New Orleans, La. WASHINGTON LAKE, SON OF CAPT. HENRY LAKE. Washington Lake (son of Henry Lake and Rhoda his wife) was born 1784 and died June 4, 1826; married Margaret Sla- cum; she was born in 1790, died February 4, 1855, buried in William Andrews' graveyard, near Ebenezer Church, Lake's District. He is buried in the Lake Homestead graveyard, Lake's District, Dorchester County, Md. INSCRIPTION ON TOMBSTONE. "In memory of Washington Lake, who departed this life June 4th, 1826, in the 43rd year of his age." Farmer and lived in Henry Lake Homestead (Honga River). Margaret Andrews, died February 4, 1855, aged 65 years (widow of Washington Lake), second marriage to William Andrews, First Lieutenant in Dorchester County Militia, Forty-eighth Regiment (Jones) Maryland, War 1812-15. CHILDREN OF CAPT. WASHINGTON LAKE AND WIFE MARGARET ^SLACUM.) 1. Henry Slacum, born ; died, ; married George- anna Lake. 2. Eliza, born, 1810; died, 1818. 3. William, born April 19, 181 1; died, April 19. 1864; married Clementine Lake. 4. George Washington, born, ; died, August, 1878; married Susan Slacum. 5. Susan (Parker), born, ; died, . 6. Levin, born September 7, 181 7; married, i, Jane Tyler; 2, Harriet A. Crawford. 7. Mary Caroline, born, ; married, i, Bryerly; 2, Williams. THE LAKES 355 Margaret (Slaciim) Lake was a daughter of Marcellus Slacum and Susanna (Keene) Slacum; married April 24, 1788. Susanna Keene (her mother) was a member of the well- known Keene family, of Lake District, Dorchester County. WILLIAM LAKE, SON OF CAPT. WASHINGTON LAKE. William Lake (son of Washington Lake and Margaret [Slacum]), born April 19, 181 1, Dorchester County, Md. Moved to Grenada, Miss., 1836; died and buried there April 19, 1864; rnarried Clementine Lake, September 27, 1836, at "Locust Grove," Lake's District, Md. She was born Janu- ary 18, 1815, died August 7, 1884; buried at Grenada, Miss. A wealthy merchant, a useful and influential citizen of Gren- ada, Miss. Resided there about twenty-eight years. CHILDREN OF WILLIAM LAKE AND WIFE CLEMENTINE. 1. Augustus Washington, born August 26, 1837; married Annie Mullen. 2. George, born September 22, 1839; married David-Ella Golladay (2). 3. William Henry, born June 15, 1842; died October 31, 1859- 4. Francis Asbury, born February 11, 1844; died January 17, 1845. 5. Walter Scott, born December 12, 1845; married Grace B. LaValle. 6. Richard Pinkney, born January 10, 1848; married Stella McKnight Hofifa. 7. Alice Estelle, born August 20, 1850; died July 2, 1853. 8. Emma Louisa, born June 11, 1852; married Edwin L. Austin. 9. Ida, born July 14, 1856; married Richard H. Winter. 356 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY RICHARD PINKNEY LAKE, SON OF WILLIAM LAKE. Richard Pinkney Lake (son of William Lake and Clemen- tine), born January 10, 1848, Grenada, Miss.; married Stella McKnight Hoffa, at Auvergne Plantation, Grenada County, Miss., January 22, 1878. CHILDREN OF RICHARD P. LAKE AND WIFE STELLA (HOFFA.) 1. Richard Henry. 2. Estelle. 3. Elizabeth Donelson. 4. Robert Pinkney. 5. Edith Read. 6. Adele Dorothy. 7. Donelson Martin. 8. Alice Maury. 9. Chas. Hoffa. RICHARD P. LAKE'S VISIT. Mr. Richard P. Lake, of Memphis, Tenn., was in our city last week. He has bought the Old Family Homestead on Honga River, in Lake's District, where his ancestor, Henry Lake, Sr.. died in 1760, which later was the home of his great- grandfather, Capt. Henry Lake, in 1776. When a force of British and Tories came to capture him, they were met with a spirited resistance, aided by Captain Lake's wife and daughter, Lovey, and by some of his own company, who drove the British back to their boats. Capt. Henry Lake was High Sheriff of this county in 1797. and was the father of William, Levin, George and Washington Lake, all well known citizens in their genera- tion. This place was also^ the scene of another conflict, when, in 1814, the British attacked a land force in command of Mr. Lake's maternal grandfather, Capt. George Lake, whose horse was shot down by a cannon ball fired from one of their vessels. Capt. George Lake was in Jones' Forty- THE LAKES 357 eighth Regiment, Maryland Militia, in the war 1812-15, and represented our county in Maryland Legislature in session of 1827-28. This place was afterwards owned by Mr. Washington Lake and descended tO' his son, Levin, an uncle of Mr. R. P. Lake, who sold it to Mr. Albert Johnson in about 1845, whose sons were reared there, and are so well known in financial circles in our National Capital and in this county. Mr. Lake is deeply interested in Maryland History and all that pertains to Dorchester County, and regrets to see the lower part of Lakes, which was once so prosperous now so sadly neglected in agridultural developments. He is a mem- ber of the Mississippi Historical Society, also of the Con- federate Veterans Association at Memphis and is Aid-de- Camp on the Staff of the gallant Lieut. -Gen. Stephen D. Lee, of the Confederate Veterans. We welcome Mr. Lake as the owner of the home of his Maryland ancestors. — Demo- crat and Nczvs. Richard Pinkney Lake, financier, was born in Grenada, Miss., January 10, 1848. His father was William Lake, a wealthy merchant and an early settler of Grenada, Miss., who was descended from an English family that settled at Eastern Shore, Md., about 1658. His line was represented in all the early American wars; among others his great grandfather, Henry Lake, Esq., was commissioned by the Maryland Council of Safety, May 16, 1776, Captain of a com- pany, in Brig.-Gen. Henry Hooper's corps, of the Maryland Militia. Maternal grandfather, Capt. George Lake, served in 48th Regiment Maryland Militia, detached service, in 181 3, 1814, 181 5. Paternal grandfather, Lieut. Washington Lake, Capt. Wm. McNamara's detachment, and Capt. George Lake's company, same regiment, 1813, 1814 and 181 5. Mr. Lake inherited the soldierly spirit of his ancestors, and although only thirteen years of age at the outbreak of the Civil War, he joined the Confederate forces, and was elected Second Lieutenant of a military company of boys. He did not see active service until 1864, when he served as Second 358 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY Lieutenant of a cavalry company under Colonel Fisher, and later in special service, was in command of dismounted men in a brigade of Mississippi State forces to the close of the war. Returning home under parole, he set to work to recover the fortunes of his family, greatly wasted by the war, and soon he became a successful merchant, planter and banker. The political troubles of the times demanded his attention, and for several years he was a member and chair- man of the County Democratic Executive Committee, but when the question of negro supremacy was settled to his satisfaction, he withdrew from active politics. In 1875, however, while attending on invitation a meeting of bankers and financial men at Philadelphia, Pa., though offering no apology for the past, he took occasion to voice the renewed loyalty of the South to the Union, thereby assisting towards a stronger reconciliation between the States. After engaging for some years in various banking and other financial under- takings, including that of railroading, being a director in the M. & T. railroad for several years, and its Vice-President from 1882 to 1884. Mr. Lake became general agent in Mis- sissippi in 1885 for the Equitable Life Assurance Society of New York, which position he has held with increasing powers until, in 1895, he was appointed general manager for two States, his agency having its headquarters in Memphis. Mr. Lake is a member of the Confederate Historical Association of Memphis, and attended the reunion of the Confederate vet- erans at Richmond, Va., in July, 1896; also at Nashville, Tenn., in June, 1897, when he was appointed Aid-de-Camp, with the rank of Colonel, on the staff of Lieut. -Gen. Stephen D. Lee, and was duly commissioned to this position, which he still holds. "In January, 1878, Mr. Lake was married to Stella McKnight Hoffa, a descendant of the McKnight, Reed and Hoffa families of Pennsylvania, and of the Donelson and Martin families of Tennessee, she being a near relative of Rachel Donelson Jackson, wife of President Andrew Jackson. Mr. Lake is a member of the Confederate Historical Asso- THE LAKES 359 ciation of Memphis; Colonel and Quartermaster-General; member of staff Lieut. -Gen. Stephen D. Lee, United Con- federate Veterans; Maryland Historical Society; Mississippi Historical Society; Maryland Branch Society of the War of 1812; Maryland Branch Society Sons of the Revolution. OTHER REFERENCES TO THE LAKE FAMILY. See memoirs of the Crawford family, which comprise the descendants of John Crawford, 1660-1883, with notices of the Allied Families, by Robert L. Crawford and Mrs. Frank Armstrong Vanderbilt (Mrs. Cornelius Vanderbilt). THE LAKE FAMILY, There is a tradition that the Lake family came from Eng- land long before the Revolutionary War, and that there were three brothers whO' were early settlers. Of these, one went to Virginia and died unmarried, another went to Maryland and still another to New Jersey. The brother in Maryland had children, and several fami- lies near Baltimore are his descendants. RICHARD LAKE. From the brother in New Jersey, Richard Lake was descended. He was born in New Jersey. He married, in 1783, Sarah Landon. He was an ardent patriot, serving in the Revolutionary Army and was in the Army wHen it was disbanded. In 1784 he removed to^ North Carolina and in 1793 to Grove County, Ga., where he died about 1800. CHILDREN OF RICHARD AND SARAH (LANDON) LAKE. 1. Abraham. He went with his father to North Carolina and died at the age of 82. 2. Justus. Lived near Saulsbury and Memphis, Tenn., and had a family. 3. James. 360 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY 4. Joseph, who married Margaret Gaines Scales. 5. Ellen, married Wm. Bussey. Judge James Bussey, of Louisiana, and Augustus Wright, of Florida, who gradu- ated at Annapolis are descendants. 6. Polly, married Jack Murphy. 7. Nancy, married James Whalley. 8. Sarah, married Wm. Ellis. The Lake family were noted for their integrity, virtue and independence. They were not clannish; indeed, they were so absorbed with business that they rarely visited one another. JOSEPH LAKE (SON OF RICHARD AND SARAH [LANDON] LAKE). Joseph Lake was born February 22, 1794, married Marga- ret Gaines Scales, daughter of Nicholas and Elizabeth (Per- kins) Scales, who was born February 5, 1802, in the neigh- borhood of Triune. They lived in Alabama. He died August 26, 1849. She died May 21, 1846. CHILDREN OF JOSEPH AND MARGARET LAKE. 1. Nicholas Scales, died unmarried, age 24. 2. Elizabeth Perkins Scales, died in infancy. 3. Elizabeth Pryor, married S. Parker; lived in Alabama. 4. James Thadeus, died in infancy. 5. Joseph, died in infancy. 6. Thomas Harden, married, i, S. Houston; 2, Mrs. Gaines. 7. Margaret Caroline, married James Cobbs. 8. John Jemison, unmarried. First Lieutenant of Mobile Rifles, killed in Civil War at South Mountain, age 24. 9. Susan Ella, died unmarried, age 19. 10. JuHa Gaines, married Robert L. Crawford. 11. Joseph Henry, died in infancy. THE LECOMPTES 361 THE LeCOMPTE FAMILY. {Data from J. S. S.) Anthony LeCompte, a native of the Province of Picardy in France, left that country about the time of the conflict between Richelieu, the Prime Minister and Dictator of France, and the Huguenots, near the close of the religious wars and persecutions there. He sought refuge in England, family tradition states that while there he served in the Eng- lish army for ele>*en years, where he won military distinction and royal titles. ( He married a French lady in London, named Ester Doatloan. Some time before 1655 he and his family came to Maryland and probably first settled in Calvert County. Land records show that on February 7, 1655, Antonie LeCompte assigned his right to 200 acres of land due him to Ishmael Wright (Land Of^ce, Lib. A., fol. 440). In 1657 a charge in Calvert County was 300 pounds of tobacco paid Anthony LeCompte for killing three wolves. In 1659 Anthony LeCompte was granted a patent for 700 acres of land on Choptank River in Home Bay; it was surveyed August 13, 1659, for 800 acres, and named ''St. Anthonia" or "Antonine." At that time, ten years before Dorchester County was established, very few white people had settled in that part of the Eastern Shore, while Indians were plentiful and daring in roving bands. As Mr. Le- Compte had brought a number of white servants and a quantity of arms to his new settlement, he fortified it for protection, and when the savages came menacingly near, he would disperse them by firing his large guns, and it is said, killed some of them. He was one of the Justices of Dorchester County 1669-71 (Md. Archives, v. 52, Lib. C. D., fol. 431). He died in Sep- tember or October, 1673, and his widow, Esther, subse- quently married Mark Cordea. In the Archives of Maryland (v. ii, pp. 400-402) is a petition for the naturalization of a number of persons of foreign birth residing in Maryland, and among them are named the widow and children of Anthony 362 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY LeCompte. It is there stated that Anthony was born in Picardy in the Kingdom of France, his wife Esther, at Dieppe, in Normandy, and their children, John, Moses, Philip, Anthony, Esther and Catherine, in the Province of Maryland. There is a further reference to the family in the Chancery Records, 17th July, 1680; Mark Cordea and Esther, his wife, executrix of Anthony LeCompte, deceased, are summoned to answer the complaint of Henry Fox and Esther, his wife, one of the daughters of the said Anthony (Chancery Lib. C. D., fol. 273). Anthony LeCompte and Esther, his wife, had issue : 1. John LeCompte, eldest son; born, 1662; died, 1705; married Ann, daughter of Robert Winsmore, and had issue. 2. Moses LeCompte, of whom further. 3. Philip LeCompte, died unmarried. 4. Anthony LeCompte, married Margaret Beckwith; died, 1705, leaving issue. 5. Esther LeCompte, married, i, Henry Fox; 2, William Skinner. 6. Katherine LeCompte, married, i, James Culins; 2, Thomas BrufT. Moses LeCompte (i) was the son of Anthony and Esther. His wife's name was Mary and the account of the family drawn up in 18 19 by Thomas and Daniel LeCompte states that she was a Skinner, "daughter of old Skinner from Eng- land that took up the land now owned by Joseph Byus." This statement is doubtless correct, as the whole account is unusually accurate, and Mrs. LeCompte was, in all proba- bility, the daughter of Thomas Skinner, who patented "Skin- ner's Choice" in 1670. For some particulars about this fam- ily, see the appended notes. Moses LeCompte (i) died in 1720. By Mary Skinner, his wife, he had issue eleven chil- dren, viz : 1. Philip LeCompte, died unmarried. 2. Moses LeCompte (2), of whom further. 3. Thomas LeCompte. died unmarried. 4. Peter LeCompte, married Brannock. THE LECOMPTES 363 5. Samuel LeCompte, died unmarried. 6. Joseph LeCompte, married Mrs. Shawhan, a widow, and left issue. 7. Anthony LeCompte, married, i, Mrs. Bennett, of Talbot County, a widow; 2, Blanche LeCompte, and had issue by both marriages. 8. William LeCompte, married Mrs. Martin, of Talbot County, a widow, and had issue. 9. Esther LeCompte, died unmarried. 10. Mary LeCompte, married Arthur Rigby, of Talbot County, and had issue. 11. Elizabeth LeCompte, married James Sewers, of Phila- delphia, and had issue. Moses LeCompte, the father of this family, became blind when about twenty-twO' years of age. Of his eleven chil- dren, nine of them lost their eyesight. Of the descendants of this branch of the family, forty-two became blind. In 1819, nineteen then living were blind. Moses LeCompte (2) was the second son of Moses (i) and Mary, his wife. He married, i, Levina, widow of Matthew Driver and daughter of Thomas Pattison, and 2, Rebecca, daughter of Peter Stokes. By the second marriage he does not appear to have had issue. By his first wife, Levinia, he had four children, viz : 1. Moses LeCompte (2), of whom further. 2. Levina LeCompte, married Wilham Geoghegan, and had issue. 3. Esther LeCompte, married Matthew Skinner, 4. Mary LeCompte, married, i , ' ' ' '" Cator; 2, Dove; 3, Davy, and had issue by all three marriages. Moses LeCompte (3) was the son of Moses (2) and Levina, his first wife. He married Nancy Pattison and had issue : 1. Moses LeCompte (4), of whom further. 2. Nancy LeCompte, married, 1759, Jeremiah Pattison, 3. Esther LeCompte. 4. Rosamond LeCompte. 5. Elizabeth LeCompte. 364 HISTORY OF .DORCHESTER COUNTY Moses LeCompte (4). son of Moses (3) and Nancy, his wife, was born in October, 1748, and died October 22, 1800. At the time of the Revohition he embraced the patriotic side and in January, 1776, was appointed Second Lieutenant in the Dorchester County Mihtia. He was commissioned February 12, 1776, First Lieutenant in Capt. Joseph Rob- son's Minute Company, and 24th May following was appointed to the same position in Capt. Denwood Hicks' Company (Md. Archives, xi, no, 153, 441). He was twice married. By his first wife. Miss Edmonson, of Talbot County, he had one daughter: I. Nancy LeCompte, married Henry Keene, of Dor- chester County, and had issue. The second wife of Moses LeCompte (4) was Elizabeth Woodward, born 1763; died, 17th October, 1803. Probably daughter of Benjamin Woodward. They had issue: 1. Moses LeCompte, died young. 2. Moses LeCompte, died young. 3. Moses LeCompte, died young. 4. John LeCompte, died young. 5. Benjamin Woodward LeCompte, born 28th July, 1787; died, 20th November, 1822. 6. Samuel Woodward LeCompte, born 24th Novem- ber, 1796; died, 29th January, 1862; Captain U. S. Navy; married Mary R. Eccleston, of Cambridge, Md. 7. Elizabeth LeCompte, born 6th March, 1783; died, 21st September, 1809; married James Pattison. (See genealogy.) 8. Amelia LeCompte, born 25th November, 1794; died, 1832. 9. Margaret LeCompte, born 22d October, 1799; died, 7th July, 1 87 1. NOTES. Anthony LeCompte, of Dorset County, Md., "being sick and weak;" will dated 9th September, proven 25th October, 1673. Eldest son of John LeCompte. My three sons, Moses, Philip and Anthony LeCompte; eldest daughter, Hester LeCompte; daughter Katherine LeCompte; to Nich- THE LECOMPTES 365 olas Tripp bequest of a cow; wife, Hester LeCompte, execu- trix. (Annapolis Wills, Lib. i, fol. 562.) Moses LeCompte, of Dorchester County; will dated Jan- uary 4, 1 71 7, proven 15th March, 1720. Sons, Philip, Thomas and Samuel LeCompte; sons, Moses and Peter LeCompte; my three daughters, Esther, Mary and Eliza- beth LeCompte; my wife and three sons executors. (Annap- oHs Wills, Lib. 16, fol. 365.) Moses LeCompte, testamentary bond in common form by Mary LeCompte, Philip, Samuel and Joseph LeCompte, his executors, with John Brannock and Neh. Beck, sureties in 400 pounds sterling; dated 20th March, 1720. (Test. Proc. Lib. 24, fol. 346.) "Skinner's Choice," 250 acres, surveyed 31st March, 1670, for Thomas Skinner. Possessor (1707), Thomas Skinner, son of said Thomas. (Dorchester County Rent Rolls.) loth February, 1675, Elizabeth, widow of Thomas Skinner, late of Dorchester County, deceased, intestate, took out letters of administration on his estate. Henry Beckwith, bondsman. Stephen Gary and Arthur Wright, Appraisers. (Test. Proc. Lib. 7, fol. 251.) 13th June, 1678, Elizabeth Beckwith, widow and admin- istratrix of Thomas Skinner, late of Dorchester County, deceased, exhibited account. (Test. Proc. Lib. 10, fol. 148.) Thomas Skinner (son of above Thomas) made his will 29th January, 1705, and it was proven 6th November, 1707. He nientions his son, Martin, his three daughters, Elizabeth, Anne and Mary, all under sixteen years; his brothers-in-law, Thomas Brannock and Hugh Eccleston. He leaves a bequest of a heifer to Hannah Harman. His son Martin is appointed executor. (Annapolis Wills, Lib. 12, fol. 226.) 1 2th June, 17 18, Moses LeCompte, Jr., to his father Moses LeCompte, Sr., bill of sale of a negro. (Dorchester Co. Rec. Lib. 7, old fol. 64.) nth August, 1 73 1, Moses LeCompte and Levina, his wife, "tO' our loving son, Matthew Driver " one-half "The Grove" 366 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY on James Island. (See Pattison family.) (Dorchester Co. Rec, Lib. 8, old fol. 429.) 27th May, 1 75 1, Moses LeCompte and Rebecca, his wife, to Henry Brannock all their right in "Head Range" in Dor- chester County, derived from the last will and testament of Peter Stokes,^ father of said Rebecca. (Dorchester Co. Rec. Lib. 14, old fol. 515.) 8th March, 1768, Moses LeCompte to his three grandsons, Levin Cator, William Geoghegan and Moses Geoghegan, one-half "LeCompte's Addition" on James Island. (Dor- chester Co. Rec, Lib. 22, old fol. 222.) Samuel LeCompte (i) and Araminta, his wife. Children, viz: 1. Edward P. LeCompte, married Emily White. 2. Margaret LeCompte, unmarried. 3. Araminta LeCompte, unmarried. 4. Samuel D. LeCompte (Judge.) Children of Edward P. and Emily (White), his wife: 1. Mary LeCompte, unmarried. 2. Edward W. LeCompte, married Elizabeth Wall; no children. 3. Henrietta T. LeCompte, unmarried. 4. Harriet Anne LeCompte, unmarried. 5. Thomas T. LeCompte, unmarried. Am unable to fix period in LeCompte genealogy where Samuel (i), the grandfather of Mr. Edward W. LeCompte should be placed. THE MARINE FAMILY. Among the earliest settlers of Doirchester County was a family whose name has been variously spelt as many other family names have been done in numerous ways, Mareen, * Peter Stokes, devised in his will, dated 27th February, 1710, proved June I, 1712, 50 acres of "Head Range" to his grandson, Peter Stokes, and the remainder of the tract to his daughter, Rebecca Stokes. (Annapolis Wills, Lib. 17, fol. 324.) THE MARINES 367 Merine, Marene, Morean, Marain, Morine and Marine. Of the original settlers their Christian names are at present unknown; their former home across the sea before coming to America is conjectural; they were presumptively French Huguenots as were many of their neighbors who settled among the Nanticoke Indians by the side of that river and its tributary, the Northwest Fork. At the period of their settlement, few Europeans had pene- trated to that section, which owed its selection for emigrant homes toi the location, being adjacent to the stately Nanti- coke. Those in search of lands to locate upon followed the waterways as settlers now do^ railroads. Few families of Europeans were in the Northwest Fork when the Marine family located there. The late Judge Fisher, of Delaware, if authority other than dates was needed, was the authority for saying, "the Marine folks were among the first white settlers on the Eastern Shore." They built their cabins among the Indians, had few neighbors save the red men, among whom they lived until their places were filled by those of their race's flesh and blood. Bozmand's History of Maryland says, "Kent Island'' occu- pied by settlers in 165 1, "was the only part of the Eastern Shore where any attempt at settlement as yet appears to have been made." He must have intended to be under- stood as meaning on a large scale. McMahon says, "settlements were made on the southern part of the Eastern Shore as early as 1661, regarded as set- tlements and not as distinct civil divisions until Somerset County was erected." Somerset was a county by executive proclamation in August, 1666. Its territory contained white inhabitants before either of the dates given. Millison (probably Milicet) Mareen's name appears on the record of the Land Of^ce at AnnapoHs as early as 1655, which was assigned as the date of his arrival. Alexander Merine is of record in 1669. It has not been ascertained whether the name is of earlier record than the dates given. 368 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY Residing on the Western Shore of Maryland in colonial times, was a family of similar name, whicdi in surname has long since become extinct; they were connections of the Eastern Shore Marines. William Merine wrote his name as here given in his last will, a copy of which is on file in the office of the Register of Wills at Annapolis; he died in 1767. Of him, the earliest and most complete information is obtainable. He was born prior to 1700; his wife's name has been lost; they had the following children : John, Matthew, Charles, Zorobable, James, David, William, Janet and Easter. The line of de- scent cannot be traced in all its ramifications. The follow- ing have been secured : Zorobable Marain, as he lapsed into subscribing his name, was born in 1738 and died in 1823; he was a farmer, land owner, and owner of a saw and grist mill near Federalsburg which he inherited from his father who erected the first mill in that locality. He was a man of influence in the commu- nity, and possessed as was his brothers, of great physical strength and self-will; he had knowledge in surveying; his wife was Mary Francis Heyward, daughter of Thomas Hey- ward; they had the following children: William, Anna, Matthew, Mary, Easter, Heyward, Sarah, Rhoda, John and Charles. From an old memorandum book of 1765, used by Zoro- bable, now in possession of one of his descendants, has been gleaned the following names of persons who were his neigh- bors and contemporaries : John Wilson, Nehemiah Cochm, James Fletcher, Beauchamp Hairper, Levin iRioilinson, J. Richardson, Jr., Thomas Kilby, William Wheatley, Spencer Waters, James Phillips, John Stokes, Charles Robbins, Nehemiah Beauchamp, Francis Heyward, James Wrighit, Charles Cannon, Laban Jones, Levi Anderton Brown, James Birckhead, John Smoot, Levin Wright and James Layton. A few of the entries in the book prove interesting. Hogs ran at large; Zorobable's had this mark — "The mark of hogs belonging to Zorobable Marain is, the right ear cut off and THE MARINES 369 slit on the left ear, hole and long." Another note is this: "Francis Heyward the third, was born in the year 1772." Still another was, "February came on the fifth day of the week. The second fast day is the nth day of the month." Among his old receipts his name was written invariably Marine; a way used by several of those of his kindred. A curious entry was this one to^ a workman's credit : "To' one month's work at 25s. if all good weather." The late Col. Jacob Wilson, a prominent coiuitian, who represented it in the Legislature, who was a slave-holder, and during his life a popular citizen; who' died without issue about the commencement of our Civil War at an advanced age, remembered Zorobable, he having resided near him in the Fork District; he was in the habit of telling this current story of his time : "Zorobable was having a grist mill repaired near Federalsburg; he rode down toi the mill where some workmen had lodged a sill and could not right it ; dismount- ing, he walked to where they were and said, "Get away, weaklings;" and putting his shoulder beneath the sill he dis- lodged it and placed it in position; his shirt became imbedded in the flesh of his shoulder, which garment he loosened, and mounting his horse rode off. William, Zorobable's son, lived on an estate received from his father, known as the "Fisher Farm," near Crotcher's Ferry. He married Mary Fletcher; they had the following children: Fletcher, born in 1788; Levica, Mary, Matthew, William, Sarah, Charles, Zorobable and James. There is the following paragraph contained in Nelson's History of Baltimore, to be found in the life of ex-Collector of the Port, William M. Marine, who is the great-grandson of William and Mary, which we quote : "William Merine, farmer, Zorobable's son, was married to Mary Fletcher, who was descended from the New England family to which Grace Fletcher, wife of Daniel Webster belonged. Thomas C. Fletcher, a Union man and ex-War Governor of Missouri, is a native of Dorchester County, Md., and a scion of the old family of that name in that county. In 21 370 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY a letter to the subject of this sketch fourteenth January, 1896, he wrote : 'I figure it out that your great-grandmother, Mary Fletcher, was the daughter o^f John Fletcher who was brother to my grandfather Thomas Fletcher. I am a mem- ber of the New England Family Association.'" Matthew, William's son, was born August 19, 1797, on the "Fisher Farm;" he was married to Nancy Rollins, April 9, 1818. She was the daughter of John RolHns and his wife Mary Mezzick. The given names of John's father and mother w,ere Luke and Leah. Luke's father was Iteaac whose father was Jewel, a Huguenot from France, who set- tled in Northwest Fork where his children were born. Matthew, after marriage resided near Walnut Landing; in early life he tired of farming and abandoned it; he settled in Sharptown when it was a hamlet and gave to it its first boom in growth; he merchandised and was a landed propri- etor, owning the largest fleet of schooners of any one person on the Nanticoke; they ran from Sharptown to Baltimore. He died in 1854. From his union with Nancy, the following children were born : Polly M., Fletcher Elliott, Vashti, who' was twiqe married, her first husband being Osborn Adams, her second John Twiford; Nancy E., wife of Major Robin- son; Martha, wife of Henry Rollins; Matthew Washington, William John, Margaret A. and Sarah Jane, wife of Thomas J. Twilley. Polly M., Matthew W. and Margaret A. died before reaching legal age. Fletcher Elliott, son of Matthew, was born in Sussex County, Del., near the Maryland and Delaware line, March 21, 1 82 1. He married Hester Eleanor Knowles, daughter of William Knowles, of Sussex County, Del. He com- menced life in the service of his father and left it in 1847 to conduct business for himself, merchandising in Vienna until 1854; in the fall of that year he moved to Baltimore, where he conducted business until his death in 1889. It was not as a reliable business man only that he was best known, but for his works of religion and benevolence; an ordained local preacher, having received deacon's and elder's orders THE MARINES 371 in the Baltimore Conference of the M. E. Church. He was the publisher of The Pioneer, a monthly religious maga- zine, filled with historical researches of events connected with his Church's early history; he also' wrote the life of John Her- sey, an evangelist well known half a centui"y agoi in Dor- chester Coimty, where his author first met and entertained him at his home in Vienna. A tablet to^ Fletcher E. Marine's memory and that of his wife is to the left of the pulpit in the Caroline Street M. E. Church in Baltimore, where he preached his last sermon before the Baltimore Local Preach- ers' Association a few months prior to his death. Fletcher and Hester had children as follows: William Matthew; Louisa Emily, widow of the late John W. Cath- cart; John Fletcher and Thomas Price, both of whom died in infancy; James Hargis, at present (1902) Member of the First Branch City Council of Baltimore; Hester Ann, wife of Joseph T. Flautt; Sarah Jane, wife of Thomas Lerch, and Fletcher Columbus who died in infancy. Ex-Collector of the Port of Baltimore, William M. Marine, was appointed by President Benjamin Harrison as his personal choice for that office; he is widely known in Mai-yland and in other States as a vigorous campaigner and a patriotic orator. He is engaged in the practice of law in Baltimore, is fond of literature, and is the author of a volume of published poems, entitled "The Battle of North Point and Other Poems." A large part of Nelson's History of Baltimore was written by him, one voluminous contribution being the political his- tory of Baltimore. A paper read by him before the Dela- ware Historical Society at Wilmington has been published by that society as the authentic history of the conflict be- tween the inhabitants of Lewes and the British who bom- barded it in April, 1813. Mr. Marine has traveled exten- sively at home and in Europe and has written numerous letters descriptive of his travels, the most recent ones, lately appearing in The American in reference to a trip made by him to Jamaica. 372 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY Mr. Marine lived in Vienna from 1847 to 1854; he first attended school in that village, Squire Smith being his first preceptor. William John Marine, son of Matthew, w^as educated at Dickinson College; studied law under Thomas Y. Walsh and was admitted to the Baltimore Bar in 1856. The same year he moved to Kansas where he remained till the late Civil War when he settled in Missouri, where he edited a newspaper devoted to the cause of the Union. He saw service in a Union Missouri Regiment; he edited the first daily newspaper in Tennessee, published at Chattanooga. He subsequently returned to Maryland and edited a news- paper at Port Tobacco. This sketch is imperfect and does not comprehend the entire membership of the family. Some of the earliest scions moved West, others died in childhood. There are branches of the family yet extant in the Northwest Fork, which sprang originally from some one of those names heretofore men- tioned, of whom Zorobable Marine, William H. Marine and James Marine are descended from Zorobable, son of William. The family was once numerous in Sussex County, Del., but is now extinct in name in that locality. In the latter part of 1700 and the early part of 1800, members of the family removed from the Eastern Shore to North Caro- lina and Ohio. Some of the North Carolinians found their way to Indiana, where their descendants are living at the present time, of whom is James Whitcoinb Riley, whose mother was Elizabeth Marine; from her he claimed tO' have received his poetical talent. The late Rev. Abijah Marine, a learned and eloquent divine of the Methodist Church, and the late John C. Merine, one of the distinguished portrait painters of America, and Abijah's uncle, are of the same family. The religious proclivities of the family have been affected by the various changes which from time to time spread over the peninsula. When George Fox visited the Eastern Shore, under his instrumentality several of them became converts THE PATTISONS 373 to his faith; when Francis Asbury planted Methodism in the same locality, on the embers of Quakerism, they gathered in that fold where the most of them have since remained. The records of the Parish of Vienna Episcopal Church con- tains the names of some of them. The historic Methodist Church, Moor's Chapel, in Delaware, planted by Mr. Asbury, had Charles Marine as one of its first trustees; he was ja sedate old gentleman and wore Quaker garb, who n^ver took an affront, although belonging to a religion of peace he did not hesitate to use his cane when it became necessary. The family had its representatives in the Revolutionary War. During the late Civil War several of them were in the Federal Army from this State, while those from North Carolina were in the Confederate Army. PATTISON FAMILY. {Data horn J. S. S.) Thomas Pattison, the ancestor of this family, came to Maryland in 1671 and settled in Dorchester County, Decem- ber 20, 1 67 1. He proved his right to 400 acres for trans- porting intO' the province himself, Ann Pattison (his wife), James, Jacob, Priscilla and Ann Pattison (his children) and two servants. (Land Office, Lib. 16, folio 395.) He was appointed April 21. 1688, his Lordship's Attorney for Dor- chester County. (Md. Archives, viii, 30.) He died in 1701, and his wife Ann in 1702. He was, in 1689, Clerk of Dor- chester County Court. They had issue: 1. James Pattison, of whom further. 2. Jacob Pattison. 3. Thomas Pattison, born 1672; died, 1743; married Mary, daughter of Col. St. Leger Codd. and left issue. 4. Priscilla, married i, Nathaniel Manning; 2, Taylor. 5. Elizabeth, married John Robson. 6. Ann Pattison. 7. Joan Pattison. 374 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY 8. Levina Pattison, married, i, Matthew Driver; 2, Moses LeCompte. 9. Sarah Pattison, married John Abbott. James Pattison, eldest son of Thomas and Ann, Hved to an advanced old age. In 1723 he gives his age as 65 years. (Chancery, Lib. P.L., 974.) In 1742-43 he states that he is 80 odd, and in 1746 his age is given as 92 or 93. (Dorchester Co. Rec. Lib. Old 14, 44, 75.) There is a discrepancy here, but it is evident that he must have been born between 1654 and 1658. He died in 1747. By Mary his wife he had issue : 1. John Pattison, born between 1688 and 1694; died 1774? leaving issue. 2. Jacob Pattison, of whom further. 3. William Pattison. 4. Richard Pattison. 5. Thomias Pattison. 6. Ann Pattison, married Hillen of Calvert County. 7. Elizabeth Pattison. 8. Priscilla Pattison, married Driver. Jacob Pattison, son of James and Mary, died in the year 1772. By Sarah, his wife, he had issue: 1. Jeremiah Pattison, of whom further. 2. Jacob Pattison, died unmarried 1776. 3. Richard Pattison. 4. William Pattison. 5. Thomas James Pattison. 6. Nancy Pattison, married James Woolford. 7. Mary Pattison. 8. Priscilla Pattison. Jeremiah Pattison, son of Jacob and Sarah, died in the year 1814. He married in 1759 Nancy LeCompte, daughter of Moses (4), and had issue as given in his will : 1. Samuel Pattison. 2. James Pattison, born 25th August, 1772; married, i, Elizabeth LeConiipte; 2, Mrs. Nancy Vickers; 3, Sallie Wool- ford. THE PATTISONS 375 THOMAS PATTERSON and ANN. his Wife > M H ■-- 5>, ^ W > ^ ^ W H :? s ? ic s ^ 3 y •r- 3 S > ^ g: 7 ^ ^ ffi ^ 5"& S > 1? !> q3> §3g t^S^s »r" r»iu3 bUb 1o2 2. ^n^ "^ "- • 3 3°^ = :; » ^^z- ^^s-"^ ft- ^ r> ■ £.0 •S-g ::: si^S ^Dt*i o crs- • 3 n 376 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY 3. Henry Pattison. 4. William Pattison. 5. Priscilla Pattison, born 3d March, 1771; died, 30th June, 1845; married James Hooper. 6. Nancy Pattison. 7. Rebecca Pattison. 8. Margaret Pattison. 9. Attrelia Pattison. 10. Mary Pattison. 11. Sarah Pattison. NOTES. Thomas Pattison, Sen., of James' Island, Dorchester Coimty, will proved loth April, 1701, eldest son James, second son Jacob, youngest son Thomas, eldest daughter Priscilla Manning, second daughter Elizabeth Robson, third daughter Joan, fourth daughter Levina Driver, yourgest daughter Sarah, adopted daughter Mary Jacob, wife Ann, Executrix. (Annapolis Wills, Lib. 11, fol. 129.) Ann Pattison, widow of Thomas Pattison. of Dorchester County, will dated 21st January, 1701, proved 27th February, 1702. Eldest son James Pattison, son Jacob Pattison, daughters Jane and Sarah, daughter Elizabeth Robson, daughter Levina Driver, son Thomas, daughter Priscilla Manning. (Annapolis Wills, Lib. 11, fol. 301.) 24th April, 17 16. Inventory of Matthew Driver, of Dor- chester County, exhibited. 2d June, 1718, Levina Driver, Administratrix of Matthew Driver, cited to account. (Test : Proc. Lib. 23, fol. 35, 200.) nth August, 1731. Moses LeCompte and Levina, his wife, to "our loving son, Matthew Driver, one half ye 'The Grove' on James' Island." (Dor. Co. Record Lib. old 8, fol. 429.) "The Grove." 150 acres, surveyed loth January, 1671, for Thomas Pattison. Possessor (1707), Matthew Driver, who married Pattison's daughter. (Dorchester Co. Rent Roll.) THE PATTISONS 377 27th October, 1739. James Pattison, of Dorchester County, planter, and Mary, his wife, to his children, Jacob, Elizabeth, William and Richard Pattison, 100 acres, part of "Armstrong's Quarter," on Taylor's Island; part of "Dover" (except the use of the old plantation, which I give to my daughter, Anne Hellings, of Calvert County); 200 acres, part of "Esquire's Chance," &c., &c. (Dor. Co. Rec. Lib. old 10, fol. 102.) James Pattison, will dated 7th July, proved 5th Marcji, 1747. To John Pattison 100 acres on James' Island, to William and Richard Pattison 100 acres on same island, wife Mary, daughter Ann, to Elizabeth Pattiso-n, land on Taylor's Island, part of "Armstrong's Folly," to Thomas Pattison 100 acres, part of same tract, to Priscilla Driver, 5 shillings, wife Mary, Executrix. (AnnapoHs Wills, Lib. 25, fol. 365.) Jacob Pattison, of Dorchester County, will dated 14th May, proved 24th August, 1772; son Jeremiah Pattison, sons Jacob, Richard, William and Thomas James Pattison; daughters Nancy, Woolford and Mary, Betty, and Priscilla Pattison; wife Sarah and sons Jacob and Richard, Executors. (Annapolis Wills, Lib. 38, fol. 996.) Jacob Pattison, will dated 21st March, proved 25th June, 1776; my four broithers Jeremiah, Richard, William and Thomas James Pattison, my four sisters Nancy Woolford, and Mary, Elizabeth and Priscilla Pattison, my mother, Sarah Pattison, Executrix. (Annapolis Wills, Lib. 41, fol. 242.) Jeremiah Pattison, of Dorchester County, will dated 17th January, proved 29th August, 1814; son Samuel, minor son William, son James, son Henry, daughter Priscilla Hooper, residuary legatees are son William and daughters Nancy, Rebecca, Margaret, Aurelia, Mary, and Sarah Pattison; wife and son Henry, Executors. (Dorchester County Wills, Lib. T. H. H., fol. 4.33) 378 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY Jeremiah Pattison, son of Jacob and Sarah, married in 1759, Nancy LeCompte, daughter of Moses LeCompte (4) and EHzabeth Woodward. Their children: 1. Priscilla, born March 3, 1761. 2. James, born August 20, 1771; married EHzabeth Le- Compte December 8, 1802. 3. Henry, born January 18, 1773. James Pattison, son of Jeremiah and Nancy (LeCompte) Pattison, married Elizabeth LeCompte. Their children : 1. Jeremiah LeCompte Pattison, born January 4, 1804. 2. Moses L. Pattison, born February 21, 1806. 3. Anne Elizabeth, born January 4, 1807. 4. Margaret W. Pattison, born September 21, 1809. James Pattison, second wife was Nancy Hearn, widow, nee Vickers, married March 5, 1812. Their children were: 1. George W. Pattison, born 181 2, died infant. 2. Emily W. Pattison, born May 20, 1814; married Wil- liam W. Berkley, Virginia. 3. Mary Ann Pattison, born July 28, 1815; second wife of James Bryan. 4. Henrietta Pattison, born April 7, 181 7; wife of John T. Stewart. 5. William H. Pattison, born January 3, 1819. 6. Thomas James Pattison, born September 15, 1821. 7. Sarah Caroline Pattison, born June 12, 1827; wife of George Bryan, Virginia. 8. Martha Jane Pattison, born January 21, 1832. Jeremiah L. Pattison married Ann LeCompte Hooper, first wife. Their children : I. Priscilla Elizabeth,^ born November 11, 1827, married Caleb Lockwood Shepherd, born November 18, 181 2, Au- gust I 1849. ^See "Shepherd Chart" for children of Priscilla Elizabeth Pattison and Caleb Lockwood Shepherd. Direct descent of Shepherd is indicated by names in italics. THE PATTISONS 379 (i) ANDREW SHEPHERD and (2) ELIZABETH (PRITCHETT) SHEPHERD, his Wife Married January 18, 1810 Children ^ S Ul'< 3 -0 M V) 03 - o- WW W K C^ f~i 'n' F2- P'F'^ P*™ F^ F'^ ■« b| iz;? ijil 3. S-J _a?.3. s- §g s.^^ •■^ 3 00§ a. (1) CALEB LOCKWOOD SHEPHERD and (2) PRISCILLA ELIZABETH (PATTISON) SHEPHERD, his Wife Married August 2, 1849 Children 3-t ffiso-t^NjljB i^ r ^ K J* o_ Is S; t»] W n O Hi o- 1^' w <; ? 3 M » S 2^ ►_ '* s ^ ~r ^ „. f^ tfl -• J 3 S- w " 2 tT til - es 3 (i) JAMES SANGSTON SHEPHERD and (2) ELIZABETH ELLEN (ROBERTSON) SHEPHERD Married October 19, 1881 Children >i os d2 3 380 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY 2. Mary Caroline Pattison, married Robinson W. Cator, Baltimore, 3. Anne Hooper Pattison, married Robert L. Spilman, Virginia. 4. Alecia Pattison, unmarried. Jeremiah L. Pattison, married Harriet A. Keene, second wife, March 9, 1853. Their children : 1. Everard K. Pattison, married Fannie Post, Virginia. 2. Margaret Keene Pattison, married Wilbur F. Smith, Baltimore, Md. JOHN R. PATTISON AND HIS ANCESTRY. Beginning with Jeremiah Pattison, of the Pattison family of Dorchester County, who married in 1759, Nancy Le- Compte, daughter of Moses LeCompte (4), a lateral branch in their son Samuel Pattison, originates that is traceable to John R. Pattison, above-named. Samuel Pattison married Anne Skinner. Their children were: 1. John R. Pattison, married, i, Mary A. Borroughs; 2, Emily J. de Vallin. 2. Robert H. Pattison, married Katherine Woolford. (They were the parents of ex-Governor Robert E. Pattison, of Pennsylvania.) 3. Elizabeth Pattison, married Levin H. Stewart. 4. Lenhart Pattison, married Augustus Hooper. John R. Pattison and Mary A. Borroughs, his first wife, had issue : 1. Annie Timmons. 2. Harriet Toadvine. 3. Samuel S. 4. James B. 5. John R. John R. Pattison and Emily J. deVallin, his second wife, had issue, namely : 1. Mary Yates. 2. Hugh D. DR. F. B. PHELPS — THE RICHARDSONS 381 John R. Pattison, son of John R. and Mary A. Borroughs, his wife, is a direct offspring- from three colonial families of Dorchester County, viz : Pattisons, LeComptes and Skin- ners. He is a leading member of the bar at Cambridge in his native county and a local attorney for the Pennsylva- nia Railroad Company. He was elected State's Attorney for Dorchester County in 1887 for four years and was a mem- ber of the House of Delegates of Maryland, sessions 1900 and 1901. At the extra session of the Legislature, held in 1901, he voted against the repeal of the election law which then authorized the use of the emblematic^/ Australian ballot. Mr. Pattison married Miss Lillian Stapleforte; they have no surviving children. DR. F. P. PHELPS, SR. Francis P. Phelps, M.D., was born in Sussex County, Del., January 31, 1779. His father, Asahel Phelps, was- born in Connecticut, and traced his lineage far back to the early colonial period. He was a Revolutionary soldier and was severely wounded at the battle of Brandywine. Francis P. Phelps graduated in medicine in 1819; settled in Federals- burg, Md., where he practiced medicine until 1833; while living there he was elected a Member of the House of Dele- gates in 1828. After moving to Cambridge, he took more interest in political afifairs, and was elected to the House of Delegates in 1839, 1842; to. the Senate 1844-48, 1861, and to the House 1867. In 1875, he was again elected to the Senate of Maryland. He died November 18, 1886, in Cambridge, Md. THE RICHARDSON FAMILY {By Mrs. Hester Dorsey Richardson). Among the earliest settlers of importance came the Rich- ardsons, of England, and received thousands of acres of land for bringing colonists into the province. 382 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY The Land Warrants at Annapolis bear record that between the years 1636 and 1695, patents for ninety thousand one hundred and seventeen acres of land were issued from that office to the various Richardsons who arrived between those years. The fact that they not only came independently, but also paid the transporting of hundreds of less fortunate settlers, proved them to- have been men of wealth and enterprise. Certain it is that they at once held offices of importance, both civil and military, for as early as 1636, in the records of the earliest Assembly proceedings extant, John Richardson appears as a member of the Assembly or House of Burgesses. The year following he is a Judge of the Provincial Court, held at "Ye Citie of St. Maries," then the capital of the province. In the year 1669 the following commission was issued to another of the name : "Charles Calvert, Esq., .Jlo Capt. George Richardson, of Talbot County, Greeting. According to the power to me by His Lordship Cecilius Committed, and upon the special trust and confidence I have in your fidehty, circumspection, courage and good conduct, I hereby ordaine, constitute and appoint you Captain under me of all that troop of horse that shall march out of Choptank and St. Michaels River, Talbot County." A little later. Major Thomas Richardson, of Baltimore County, distinguished himself in the Indian Wars, while his father, William Richardson, of Anne Arundel County, was serving his county as member of the House of Burgesses — ■ the chosen bearer of messages from the English Parliament from the Lower to the Upper House of the Assembly. This distinguished official, the direct ancestor of the Talbot, Caroline and Dorchester County Richardsons, was the friend of William Penn, who, during his visit to Maryland in 1682, visited the home of William Richardson, on West River, from which, in company with the Lord and Lady Baltimore, with their retinue, they all proceeded tO' a yearly meeting at Tred- THE RICHARDSONS 383 haven, in Talbot County. An account of this visit is given by John Richardson, of London, in his Journal published in the year 1700. William Richardson, of Anne Arundel County, married Elizabeth Talbot, widow of Richard Talbot. She was the daughter of^ol t!i<^"l^i.wl Kwen.^ ^. From this couple are descended many of the most distinguished families of the State, while many of the male descendants emigrated to Virginia and the Carolinas, Kentucky and Tennessee, where they have filled the highest offices in the gift of the people. One of William Richardson's grandsons married Isabella de la Chalmes, daughter of the Marquis de la Chalmes, the friend and neighbor of Lord Fairfax, at whose invitation the Marquis came first to this county. From the grandson who went into Talbot County are descended many of the Eastern Shore Richardsons, particu- larly the Dorchester branch, of which Mr. Albert L. Richard- son, General Manager of The Wheeling Intelligencer, is the present head. Of the many members of the Talbot-Dorchester family of Richardsons who have filled with honor civil and military posts of trust from earliest times to the present, none have been more illustrious than Col. William. Richardson, of the Eastern Shore Battalion of the Flying Camp, of the Maryland Line in the Revolutionary War. He assisted in giving the British their first taste of American bayonets at Harlem, New York, driving them from the field. In 1776 this distinguished officer was member of the Mary- land Constitutional Convention, and in 1788 a member of the Convention to ratify the Constitution of the United States of America. From 1789 to 1793 he was Presidential Elector in the colleges that elected George Washington President. Col. William Richardson was born in Talbot County in the year 1730. As a young man he removed to Dorchester County, where he owned large tracts of land in the upper part 384 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY of the county. For many years he was Treasurer of the Eastern Shore of Maryland. In the year 1773, Caroline County was cut off of Dor- chester, after which the Colonel found himself a resident of the new county. In the year 1776, Col. William Richardson resigned his seat in the Constitutional Convention in favor of Thomas Johnson, of Anne Arundel County, who had refused to serve in the Convention under the instructions of his constituents. Colonel Richardson conveyed one of his farms to Johnson to give him a residence in Caroline and then had the latter returned to the Convention in his place because he considered Johnson's services necessary to the welfare of the people. Another branch of the Richardsons who owned consider- able land in Dorchester County and who were registered as gentlemen of London, settled first in Talbot County about 1725. These men, Anthony and Thomas Richardson, were uncles of Sir Anthony Bacon, of Glamorganshire, Wales, who lived in Talbot County and acted as guardian to Anthony Richardson's sons, Anthony, Jr., and Thomas Dickinson Richardson, students at Oxford, England. After Anthony Bacon, of Talbot County, returned to Eng- land, he was knighted and resided in Wales until his death. He left to his niece, the daughter of Thomas Bacon, of Talbot County, £10,000. This niece married Watkins Price, of Brecon, Wales. The Harwoods, of Talbot County, and the Passopai fam- ilies, of Dorchester, descend in their maternal lines from nieces of Sir Anthony Bacon. Thomas Richardson was one of His Lordship's Justices of the Talbot County Court in 1726 in company with Mr. Daniel Sherwood, Robert Goldsborough, Nicholas Golds- borough, Mr. Clayton and George Robinson. On August 2, 1726, Charles Calvert addressed a letter to these gentlemen approving their decision in a certain case and of their conduct at all times. HON. JAMES S. SHEPHERD 385 The seat of the Talbot County Richardsons in England was at White Haven, Cumberland County. In England the Richardsons are among the oldest and most distinguished families in the realm. In the Peerage they rank seventy-second out of nine hundred peers. As early as 1631, Sir Thomas Richardson was Chief Justice of the King's Bench. The present Secretary of the Order of the Thistle, the highest and most exclusive order of Scotland, is Sir Thomas Smeaton Richardson. This Order is composed of the King and fourteen Knights, and is the oldest in Scotland. Sir Thomas lives at Pitfern Castle, Perth, and is member of the London clubs, such as the Carlton, etc. The late Attorney-General, George Richardson, of the Western Shore, was a descendant of William Richardson, the first, of Anne Arundel County, who has left a long array of distinguished descendants in the South and West in addi- tion to the many who have served with honor on the field and in the legislative halls of their native State. HON. JAMES S. SHEPHERD. Hon James S. Shepherd, son of Caleb Lockwood Shep- herd and Priscilla Elizabeth (Pattison) Shepherd, his wife, was born March 28, 1858, in Cambridge, Md., where he grew to manhood and was educated, and where he engaged in mercantile business and other enterprises for some years. He is a lineal descendant from two notable colonial families of Dorchester County, the Pattisons and LeComptes. (See family history records.) In 1 88 1, Mr. Shepherd married Miss Elizabeth Ellen Rob- ertson, daughter of Dr. Samuel Robertson and Margaret (Ballard) Robertson, of Somerset County, Md. In 1892 he was appointed Chief Deputy Clerk of Dorchester County Court, a clerkship which he has held ever since, except when temporarily absent as a member of the House of Delegates of the General Assembly of Maryland, at the session of 1902, 25 386 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY to which he was elected in November, 1901. Mr. Shepherd is also a member of the Bar of Dorchester County Court. He is an active Democrat, whose political course has ever been on a high and honorable plane within his own party lines, and who has highly respected the political rights of his opponents in other parties. His affable manners and oblig- ing disposition make him a popular Court officer. To him large appreciation and great credit is due for much history and biography data so cheerfully given for publication in this limited history of Dorchester County and of some of her people. Wherever the reference abbreviations "J. S. S." appear in this volume, Mr. Shepherd has furnished more or less data for subject matter there given. He is a member of the Maryland Historical Society, and takes much interest in local history. RAYMOND STAPLEFORT. The first Sherifif of Dorchester County was Raymond Sta- plefort. He came to the Province of Maryland in 1660 from what place there is no record, and first settled on the Western Shore. He was a Commissioner for Calvert County in 1664. Prior to 1666 he married the widow of Thomas May. In the month of May of that year, when an Act was passed to build a prison at St. Marys for 10,000 pounds of tobacco, he ofifered to build the prison for that amount if he could be appointed keeper of it for life. It is probably that he did not take the contract to build the prison on any terms, for, on April 16, 1667, a tract of land on Taylor's Island was surveyed for him called "The Commencement," that contained 100 acres, and several other tracts at the same time. From the office of Sherifif in the county in 1669, he was appointed one of the County Justices, and reappointed several times, but when a Commissioner in 1679, complaint was made against him by several persons in Dorchester County, and by their influence, he was dismissed by the Governor. RAYMOND STAPLEFORT 387 Mr. Staplefort's landed acquisitions in the county were large and valuable, which was devised by will, a copy of which is hereunder appended. Some of his descendants who bear the name of Staplefort still live on Taylor's Island, where he first settled in Dorches- ter County. COPY OF WILL OF RAYMOND STAPLEFORT. In the Name of God, Amen : I give to God my Soule that gave it mee and to the Earth my Body and to my sonne Charles all my lande, only Four Hundred Acres, I give to my sonne George Stapleford at the head of the Creeke and to my Daughter, Mary, I give one hundred acres of Lande Called by the name of Stapleford Lott att Charles is Creeke side and my Debts being paid I give all the rest of my estate to be divided to every one, Wife and Children a share of all my Goods and Chattells and to See it equally divided I leave Major Thomas Taylor and my Brother George Thompson; and soe I rest in God and ah his Saints and Angels, Amen. August nth., Anno Domm. 1684. (Seal). Rayd. Stapleford. Signed, sealed and delivered in the presence of us William Robson. William Robson, Jr. John Philips. ON THE BACK OF WILL THE FOLLOWING. September the 3d. 1687. Then was this within written Will proved by William Robson, Senr. & William Robson Junr. and John Phillips all of them the witnesses to the said Will before me Henry Hooper. True Copy: Elie Nallette Per C 388 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY THE STEVENS FAMILY. William Stevens came tO' Maryland in 1651 with his family. He entered his rights 15th July, 1651, for him- self, Magdalen, his wife; John and William, his sons, and Margaret Aylin, William Hardin, Daniel Elsmore and John Mark "this present year." (Land Office Lib. A. B. H., fol. 141.) The entry is made among the "demands of land made by the inhabitants of Patuxent River," showing that he first settled in what is now Calvert County. Subsequently, however, he remo'ved to Dorchester County, of which he was one of the Justices in 1669. (Md. Archives, v, 52.) The year of his death is unknown. By Magdalen, his wife, he had issue: 1. John Stevens, of whom further. 2. William Stevens, settled in Calvert County and left descendants. John Stevens, son of William and Magdalen, came to Maryland with his parents in 1651, as shown by the entry of rights cited above. He represented Dorchester County in the House of Burgesses, 1678, 1681, 1682. (Md. Archives, vii, 7, 125, 276.) He married Dorothy, sister of Christo- pher Preston. In his will, dated November 4, 1689, proved November 7, 1692 (Lib. 2, fol. 285), he mentions the children given below. His widow Dorothy made her will November 7, 1709, and it was proved November 10, 17 10. (Lib. W. B., fol. 194.) She mentions her son John Stevens, her daughter Magdalen, widow of James Edmondson, her four grandchildren, Walter, Johanna, Mary and William Stevens, children of her son William, deceased, and Mary Stevens, the widow of the latter; her daughter Grade Woolford, wife of James Woolford; her granddaughter Sarah Edmondson, and her nephew Thomas Preston, son of her brother Chris- topher Preston. John Stevens and Dorothy (Preston) his wife, had issue as follows : I. John Stevens, of whom further. THE STEVENS 389 2. William Stevens, youngest son, married, 1700, Mary Pryor; died in 1709, leaving four children. 3. Magdalen Stevens, eldest daughter, married, i, James Edmondson; 2, Jacob Lockerman. 4. Grace Stevens, married James Woolford (see Woolford family). John Stevens, son of John and Dorothy, is mentioned in his father's will as the eldest son. In a deposition made in 1728, he gives his age as fifty-eight years, so that he was born in 1670 (Dorchester County Lib. 8 old, fol. 431). His will is not recorded and he seems to have died intestate, but in what year does not appear. He married between 1693 and 1696, Ann, widow of Thomas Cooke and daughter of Dr. John Brooke. It is not known what issue they had, but there was at least one daughter. I. Sarah Stevens married Thomas Woolford. 7th February, 1729, John Stevens, of Dorchester County, conveys tO' his grandson, Stevens Woolford, son of Thomas Woolford and Sarah, his wife, tract called "Stevenses Gift," in Dorchester County. (Dorchester County Rec, Lib. 8, old fol. 305.) NOTES. The Stevens family, of "Compton," on Dividing Creek, in Talbot County, are connected with a Dorchester County family of that name. I. Thomas Stevens, was born in 1678; died in 1762. His only son — John, born, 1735; died, 1794; married Elizabeth Connoly. Their children: 1. Juliana, born, 1765; died, 1823; married Dr. Joseph Martin. 2. Mary, born, 1767; died, 1828; married, i, Nathaniel Manning; 2, Rev. James Thomas. 3. Henrietta, married his brother, John Thomas. 4. Eliza, married John R. Downs; 2, Francis Rochester, of Queen Anne's County. 390 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY 5. Samuel, the only son who survived his parents, born July 13, 1778; died February 7, i860; married, in 1804, Eliza May, daughter of Robert and Rebecca Potts May, his wife, of , Chester County, Pa. Samuel Stevens was Governor of Maryland in 1822-23-24. He received and entertained General Lafayette when he visited the United States. Only two of Governor Stevens' children survived him, and only one, the youngest, left chil- dren, Edwin John, who married Sarah Hooper Eccleston, daughter of Thos. I. H. Eccleston, and Sarah Ennalls Hooper Eccleston, his wife. HON. JAMES A. STEWART. The late Hon. James Augustus Stewart was born in Dor- chester County, Md., on the 24th day of November, A. D. 1808. For many years he resided at Cambridge, in his native county, where he was regarded as one of the most estimable and public spirited citizens. He was the eldest of seven sons and five daughters, of Joseph Stewart and Rachel (Linthi- cum) Stewart, his wife, who resided in Dorchester County. His paternal ancestors came to this country from Scotland. Joseph Stewart, the father of our subject, was well known in his day as a useful and exemplary citizen. He died on the 4th of August, 1839, in the sixty-fifth year of his age, and his widow died April 7, 1856, in her seventy-third year. Mr. Stewart's limited education caused him to appreciate the importance of giving his children better advantages in this respect. They were liberally educated. The son, James A. was first sent to a country school, where he made special efTort to master every branch to which attention was directed. At the age of fifteen he was sent to Franklin College, in Bal- timore, where he made rapid progress, especially in mathe- matics. Entertaining a preference for the law, he chose that profession, and began its study in the year 1827 in the ofiice of Major Ebenezer L. Finley. In 1829 he was ad- mitted to the Bar in Baltimore. He immediately removed to Cambridge and at the April term was admitted to practice HON. JAMES A. STEWART 391 in that court, then composed of Hons. Wm. Bond Martin, Ara Spence and William Tingle. The Bar then consisted of learned members of the profession, among- them were Josiah Bayly (afterwards Attorney-General of the State), Hon. John Leeds Kerr (subsequently a U. S. Senator), Pitt, Page, Nabb, R. N. Martin, Bullett, Lockerman, James Alfred Pierce and others, a majority of whom were members of the Adams party, while Mr. Stewart's views at this time on the national issues impressed him that the principles of the Democratic party were best for the country; he therefore allied himself with the Jackson party. At this period political discussions partook much of per- sonal rancor and vituperation. Professional standing and suc- cess depended greatly upon partisan sentiment and rivalry. He had to- share the fate of his party, and honorably endeav- ored to maintain a firm position in support of its principles. As an incident of the times, the following "affair of honor," in v/hich he became involved with the Hon. Henry Page, may be mentioned : Mr. Page was then a member of the same Bar, a leading politician of the Adams party and afterwards a distinguished State Senator. Mr. Stewart took exceptions to certain conduct of Mr. Page, which was not sufficiently explained, consequently he sent him the usual invitation for a hostile meeting according to the code, which was accepted, and the parties met on the selected ground the next morning; they drew lots and at the distance of ten paces exchanged shots without serious effect. The previous difficulty was amicably adjusted and friendly relations resumed. In 1832 Mr. Stewart was one of the Electoral candidates for General Jackson in the Presidential campaign; the State was then divided into districts, the Eastern Shore counties constituted one district with three Electors. Henry Miller, of Cecil, and Richard H. Spence, of Talbot, were with him on the ticket. Hon. Albert Constable, Robert H. Golds- borough and John N. Steele were the opposing candidates, and were elected. 392 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY In 1837 Mr. Stewart married Rebecca Sophia Eccleston, daughter of Wm. Washington Eccleston, Register of Wills, of Dorchester County. By this marriage there were six children, three sons and three daughters. In 1843 he was elected to the Legislature; his election was regarded as a great triumph for him and his party; he served on the Com- mittee of Ways and Means with the late Chancellor Johnson, who was chairman, and James Murray, a distinguished law- yer, the other members. He was a Delegate to the National Convention, which met at Baltimore in 1844, and nominated James K. Polk for President; was also a member of the National Convention at Cincinnati in 1856 that nominated James Buchanan for President. In 1854, after the resig- nation of Judge Ara Spence, Mr. Stewart was recom- mended by the Bar, without party distinction, for the judicial vacancy, and was at once commissioned by Governor Ligon Judge of tfi"e Twelfth Judicial Circuit. Upon the expira- tion of his judicial term he declined a nomination for Judge, preferring to be a candidate for Congress, although the district was doubtful and the chances against him. He was, however, elected to Congress over his competitor, Hon. John Dennis, by a small majority. In 1856, while in Congress, he took front rank in discussions on national questions of law and party policies. Throughout his con- gressional term of six years, he diligently discharged his duties and ably represented the people of his district. At the close of his last term in 1861, he retired from poli- tics to practice his profession, where he devoted himself until 1867, when he was elected Chief Judge of the First Judicial Circuit, under the three-judge system adopted by the Constitutional Convention that year. Under the judicial system his election as Chief Judge made him a member of the Court of Appeals. He continued a member of the Court until his death, April 3, 1879, then over seventy years of age. His widow and five children survived him to mourn their irreparable loss. Judge Stewart was a progressive man of enterprise in Cambridge. He built a number of houses THE VANS MURRAYS 393 in the town and also conducted a large shipbuilding- industry and built a number of vessels there, and at Church Creek, one fine vessel of his, a bark, was lost at sea with all on board on her first voyage. The eldest son of Judge Stewart and wife, is Major Wil- liam E. Stewart, of Easton, a practicing lawyer who was prosecuting attorney there for twelve years. When living in his native county, Dorchester, he was elected a Delegate to the General Assembly of Maryland in 1868. While liv- ing in Baltimore, he was elected for two terms to the Legis- lature of Maryland, and was also a member of the City Council two terms. Some years ago he returned to Easton to practice his profession, where he is still an able and in- fluential member of the Bar. He has always been an active politician of attraction and force. Alfred R. Stewart, the second son, was also admitted to the Bar, but never practiced law; he lived a number of years in the western section of the United States. Since his return he accepted a position with the Standard Publishing Com- pany, and at the present time (1902) is Clerk at the Cam- bridge Postofifice. Mr. Stewart has always taken an active part in party politics. Donald Stewart, third son, since his maturity, has always been engaged in the mercantile business, and has acquired considerable means by strict attention to his enterprise. Two single daughters reside at the Stewart home, lately bereft of their mother, Mrs. Rebecca Stewart, who died May 3, 1899. HON. VANS MURRAY. The following sketch of the Vans Murrays is largely quoted from a record made by Hon. Clement Sulivane. Wm. Vans Murray, of Dorchester County, was a cousin and ward of the then Duke of Athol, chief of the Murray clan in Scotland, and having embraced the cause of the Protector in the rebellion of 17 15, after its suppression he was obliged to fly for his life and escaped to France. From there he > 'd l/AA^-H^, y^AAAy 394 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY emigrated to Maryland, and settled in the village of Cam- bridge, Dorchester County. He was a very young man at the time and only had fifty guineas as his fortune when he arrived. He was a physician, his practice brought him a large fortune. In the year 1739 he purchased from the orig- inal patentee of Lord Baltimore about one-third of the land forming the present site of Cambridge. Dr. Murray died Dans /Dburras Hrms, in 1759, leaving five children, one of vvdioni, James Murray by name, was the father of William Vans Murray, who was born in Cambridge about 1765, and died in 1803. Very soon after the Revolution he was sent to England to be educated. There he studied law, and married Miss Charlotte Higgins, oif England. * * * it appears she did not come with her husband to America, but came some time later. COL. JAMES WALLACE 395 In the March term of Dorchester County Court, 1791, Mr. Murray was admitted to the Bar, and was elected to^ Con- gress that year at the age of twenty-five, and was twice re- elected thereafter. He was appointed Foreign Minister to The Hague by President Adams in 1800. While in Holland, he was appointed one of the three Ministers Plenipotentiary to negotiate a treaty with France in 1799. After the election of President JefTerson and the return of Minister Murray to Cambridge, he only lived about two years and died on a visit to Philadelphia in 1803. From the Baltimore paper, Telegraph and Daily Adver- tiser, Friday, November 7, 1800, is here copied foreign news, which shows what eminent service Mr. Murray was then rendering his country. GLORIOUS NEWS. Paris, October 3. A convention of amity and commerce between French Republic and the United States of America was signed the day before yesterday by the French plenipotentiaries, Joseph Bonaparte, C. P. Claret, Flerieu and Roederer, and the American Commissioners, Oliver Elsworth, W. R. Davy and W. V. Murray. COL. JAMES WALLACE. Col. James Wallace was born in Dorchester County, Md. March 17, 181 8. His parents were Robert Wallace and Susan Wallace, nee LeCompte, great-granddaughter of John LeCompte, a Huguenot refugee, who came to this country after the treaty of Ryswick and settled in Dorchester County. The paternal grandfather of Col. James Wallace served in the Revolutionary War under General Smallwood. Colonel Wallace was graduated at Dickinson College, Car- lisle, Pa., in 1840, and two years later was admitted to the Bar in Cambridge, having studied law under the late Henry- Page. In 1854 he was elected to the House of Delegates; 396 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY he was a Presidential Elector at large in 1856, voting for Mil- lard Fillmore; the same year he was elected to the State Senate, serving until 1858. In politics he was an old line Whig and in later years was identified with the Republican party. After 1858 he took no active part in politics, although he was several times prom- inently mentioned for Governor. At the solicitation of Gov. Hicks, he accepted a commis- sion from the Secretary of War and raised the First Maryland Eastern Shore Volunteer Regiment in the Civil War. He was engaged in military duty on the Eastern Shores of Mary- land and Virginia from the organization of the regiment until 1863. His command was with the Army of the Potomac in 1863, under General Lockwood, forming part of his inde- pendent brigade of Marylanders. In his official report of the battle of Gettysburg, General Meade especially commended the Maryland Brigade for gal- lant service on that occasion. Towards the close of 1863, Colonel Wallace resigned his position in the Army and resumed the practice of his profession, but subsequently abandoned it to engage extensively in the more congenial pursuit of agriculture. He is said to have planted and cul- tivated the first large peach orchard in Dorchester County, and up to the time of his death was considered perhaps the most successful horticulturist in the State. He manifested, at all times, the liveliest interest in the improvements and progress of the town and county and was foremost in all the leading enterprises of the community. He died February 12, 1887, and no higher eulogy could be pronounced upon any man than to say he possessed this transcendent gift, to impress his ideas upon the age in which he lived. JAMES WALLACE. James Wallace, son of Col. James Wallace and Annie E. Wallace (nee Phelps), was born January 5, 1850, at Cam- bridge, Md. JAMES WALLACE 397 Mr. Wallace, after leaving the Cambridge Academy, entered the Freshman Class of Dickinson College as a member of the now celebrated Class of '70, continued his studies at Dickinson until the Junior Year, when he was com- pelled to return home on account of the breaking down of his health. He regained his health in a year or so and entered into the then undeveloped business of packing canned goods and vegetables and oysters in connection with his father, under the firm name of Jas. Wallace & Son. They were the pioneers of this industry in Dorchester and from their primitive beginning have built up a large and lucrative business, their brands of goods are now sold and recognized the country over as one of the leading brands in this line of industry. The packing business was under the active management and control of the junior Mr. Wallace, and its success is attributable to- his industry and business sagacity. In 1888 Mr. Wallace married Miss Emma McComas, daughter of F. C. McComas, Esq., of Hagerstown, Md. By this marriage they have two children, Katharine and James Wallace, Jr. Mr. Wallace, while devoting his time particularly to the packing and other business enterprises with which he is connected, always took an active interest in the political affairs of his county and State, being actively identified with the Republican party; he persistently, however, refused a number of nominations tendered him by his party, the only time he consented to accept a nomination he was elected a member of the Maryland Legislature of 1882. In addition to the canned goods business, Mr. Wallace has at all times been an ardent and zealous worker for the improvement of his town and county, and has ever stood ready to aid and foster all enterprises looking toward the industrial development of the city of his birth. Mr. Wallace was one of the incorporators of the Dorches- ter National Bank and is now its Vice-President, also one 398 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY of the organizers and incorporators of the Cambridge Water Co., the Cambridge Mfg. Co., the Cambridge Gas Co., and the Eastern Shore Trust Co., being a Director in all of the above corporations and President of the Cambridge Water Co., also of the Cambridge Mfg. Co.; has done his full share in connection with a number of young men who came to the front with him to make Cambridge the largest and most progressive town on the Maryland and Delaware Peninsula. Mr. Wallace is also extensively interested in fruit and veg- etable raisinof on his fertile farms near Cambridge. THE WOOLFORDS AND WHITELEY CONNECTIONS. Roger Woolford, the first of that name to settle in Mary- land, came from England and first settled on the Eastern Shore of Virginia. Soon thereafter he came to Maryland and permanently located on the Manokin River. (Family tradi- tion claims that his ancestors lived in Wales and that one of them went to England as a soldier with William the Con- queror.) After the arrival of Roger Woolford in Maryland, about 1662, on August 13 of that year (data from J. S. S.), "he had a warrant for 600 acres of land, for which he enters rights for his own transportation and undertakes to enter other rights in due course." (Land Office, Lib. 5, fol. 210.) Feb- ruary 4, 1663, he demands land for himself, Mary Woolford, Mary Woolford again, and other persons. (Land Office, Lib. 6, fol. 134.) July 10, 1665, he enters rights for the transportation into the Province, of Levin and Sarah Den- Wood, John Wells, Martha Robinson and Owen Mackara. (Land Office, Lib. 8, fol. 486.) And February 13, 1667, he enters rights for Mary Thomas, Elizabeth and Rebecca Denwood, Richard Prinum, Barbary Gilbert, Thomas Somers and Elizabeth Gradwell. (Land Office, Lib. 11, fol. 229, 359.) With Levin and Thomas Denwood he reg- THE WOOLFORDS AND VVHITELEY CONNECTIONS 399 isters his mark for cattle in Somerset County, June 7, 1666. (Somerset County Records.) He was one of the Justices for Somerset County in 1676, '80, '89, '94 (Mel. Archives, xv, 77-216, 275, 328; xiii, 224; Md. Council Proceedings), and represented the county in the House of Burgesses 1671, '74, '75' '78, '81, '82. (Md. Archives, ii, 239, 311, 422; vii, 7, 125, 307.) He died in 1701. In his will, proved February 26, 1701, he calls him- self Roger Woolford, of Monocan (i. e., Manokin), Somerset County, and mentions his sons, Roger, Levm and James, and his daughter Sarah. His wife and his son Levin are appointed executors. He married Mary, daughter of Levin Denwood, Senr. (see Denwood family), and had issue as follows, the dates of birth being taken from Somerset County Records : 1. Mary Woolford, mentioned in entry of rights, Feb- ruary 4, 1663 (see above). 2. Elizabeth Woolford, born February 8, 1664. 3. Rosanna Woolford, born March i, 1666. 4. Roger Woolford, born July 20, 1670, of whom further. 5. Sarah Woolford, born March 8, 1672. 6. Ann Woolford, born August 26, 1675. 7. James Woolford, born September 9, 16(77; married March 11, 1698, Grace Stevens, of Dorchester County (Friends' Records). 8. Levin Woolford, born Septem.ber 20, 1683. All of the above children, except Mary, were born at Manokin. Col. Roger Woolford, son of Roger and Mary, was born, as above stated, at Manokin, Somerset County, July 20, 1670. After his marriage he removed to Dorchester County, of which he was one of the Justices in 1696 (MS. Council Book). Fie was Burgess for Dorchester County, 1707, '14, '15, '19, '20 (House Journal). In 1729 he was one of the Justices of the Provincial Court of Maryland (Commission Book). He married Elizabeth, daughter of Bartholomew Ennalls, of Dorchester County, August 5. 1695 (Evidence). 400 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY John Ennalls, of Dorchester County, conveys to Roger Woolford, Gent., of said county, all his right, title, etc., to two tracts of land lying on Little Choptank River, viz : "John's Point," 200 acres, and "Addition" to "John's Point," 45 acres, now in the occupation of the said Roger Woolford in right of wife Elizabeth, sister to him, the said John Ennalls, together with all the stock of cattle, etc., which Bartholomew Ennalls, father of him, the said John Ennalls, devised by his last will and testament to the said Elizabeth for the term of her natural life with reversion and remainder to him, the said John Ennalls. (See Dorchester County Records, Lib. 5, old fol. 62.) Col. Roger Woolford died in 1730. In his will, dated October 7, proved December 8, 1730, he mentions his son John, his daughter Rosanna Wool- ford, his daughter Sarah, wife of John Jones; his daughter Mary, wife of John Pitts; his daughter Elizabeth, wife of Thomas Hicks; his grandchildren, Roger and Mary Pitts; his son Stevens; his grandson Roger Woolford, son of Thomas. His wife, Elizabeth, and his sons, Thomas and John, are appointed executors. (Annapolis Wills, Lib. 20, fol. 119.) Col. Roger Woolford and Elizabeth (Ennalls), his wife, had issue as follows: Twins — I. Mary Woolford, born February 29, 1691 (Som- erset County Records); married John Pitts. 2. Elizabeth Woolford, born February 29, 1691 (Somerset Records); mar- ried Thomas Hicks. 3. John Woolford, died in 1750; married Mary Brown. Had issue in Somerset County. 9 4. Thomas Woolford, of whom further. 5. Rosanna Woolford. 6. Sarah Woolford, married John Jones. Thomas Woolford, son of Col. Roger and Elizabeth, was probably born about 1700, in Dorchester County, after his father settled there. He was one of the Justices of Dor- chester County, 1726-33, and was of the Quorum, 1732-33 (Commission Book). He died in 175 1. His will, dated THE WOOLFORDS AND WHITELEY CONNECTIONS 4OI October 29, 1750, proved November 2, 175 1, mentions the children named below (see Annapolis Wills, Lib. 28, fol. 180). He married Sarah, daughter of John Stevens, and had issue, namely: 1. Thomas Woolford, married Mollie Taylor. 2. Roger Woolford, married Elizabeth Jones. »> 3. Stevens Woolford, of whom further. 4. Bartholomew Woolford, "Batty," married Mollie Keene. 5. Levin Woolford, married "Batty's" widow. • 6. James Woolford, married Nancy Pattison. 7. John Woolford. 8. Nancy Woolford, married, i, Robert Mills; 2, Eskridge. FAMILY HISTORY DATA. Thomas Woolford, son of Roger Woolford and Elizabeth (Jones) Woolford, his wife, was born January 10, 1755. ' He was commissioned Captain of the 6th Independent Com- pany of Dorchester County Volunteers January 5, 1776, to battle for American Independence in the Revolutionary War. For his commanding ability as an officer and bravery in battles, he received the following promotions : Major, February 20, 1777; Lieutenant-Colonel of the 2d Maryland Battalion, April 17, 1777; Lieutenant-Colonel commanding 5th Maryland Regiment, October 20, 1779. Colonel Wool- ford, first as Captain at the battle of Long Island, Lieuten- ant-Colonel at White Plains, and on other fields of conflict, reached the height of a soldier's fame when half of his brave command was killed, wounded or captured in the battle of Catawba Ford, on the Wateree River, in Carolina, where he was wounded by a shot that broke his thigh and w^as taken prisoner August 20, 1780. He was exchanged December 20, 1780, then transferred to the 4th Maryland Infantry, January i, 1781, and retired from army service January i, 1783. ' 26 402 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY Colonel Woolford married Elizabeth Woolford, daughter of . They had four sons and two daughters, John, Wil- liam, Roger, Isabella, Elizabeth and Thomas, Jr. He died October 8, 1841. Isabella, his daughter, was born Novem- ber 12, 1785; married, i, George Applegarth, who died without heirs; 2, Thomas Byus. They had six children, four sons and two daughters. Thomas Woolford, Jr., son of Colonel Thomas and Eliza- beth, his wife, was born September 12, 1787. He married Priscilla Jones, daughter of ; she was born February 10, 1794. They had eight sons and three daughters, namely: I. Elizabeth, born November 29, 1815; died February 20, 1878. 2. Thomas, born 18 18. 3. Alexander, born 1820. 4. John Wesley, born December 25, 1821. 5. Julia, born 1823. 6. Jethro, born May 23, 1827. 7. Richard, born . 8. Mary Isabella, born January 18, 183 1. 9. W^m. Washington, born July i, 1832. 10. Jos. F., born November 28, 1834. II. Nathaniel, born April 11, 1838; died . Thomas Woolford, father of these children, died July 3, 1866. His daughter, Elizabeth, first married John Eskridge, who died leaving two children, Lillie Louisa and John E. Eskridge. His widow next married James Craig, in 1840; their children were Julia Miranda, who died in youth, and James W. Craig, still surviving. Elizabeth (Woolford) Eskridge Craig died February 20, 1878; James Craig, her husband, was born October 31, 1812, and died March 13, 1897. James W. Craig, their son, was born February 14, 1844; married JuHa A. Cooke in 1866; their children are: 1. James Hermon Craig. 2. Edith May Craig. 3. E. Allan Craig. THE WOOLFORDS AND WHITELEY CONNECTIONS 4O3 4. Julia Elizabeth Craig. 5. Henry Cooke Craig. 6. Thomas B. Craig. These children are in direct line of descent from Col. Thomas Woolford, of Revolutionary fame. Julia A. Woolford, sister of Elizabeth (Woolford) Eskridge Craig, married Rev. James Thompson, a native of Ireland. He was a minister in the Methodist Protestant Church for some years. Their children are Rev. William Thompson, now a minis- ter in the Methodist Episcopal Church in the State of Massachusetts; Mary E., married Mr. Cook, of Washington; and Adam Clark Thompson, who- are also lineal descendants of Col. Thomas Woolford. {Data from J. S. S.) Stevens Woolford, son of Thomas and Sarah, was born before 1729, since 7th February, 1729, John Stevens, of Dorchester County, conveys to his grandson, Stevens Wool- ford, son of Thomas Woolford and Sarah, his wife, a tract called "Stevenses Gift," lying in Dorchester County (Dor- chester County Records, Lib. 8, old fol. 305). The date of his death cannot be ascertained owing to the destruction of the Dorchester County Testamentary Records. He married Elizabeth, daughter of Arthur Whiteley (see Whiteley fam- ily), and had issue as follows: 1. Mary Woolford, born October 5, 1753; married John Hooper (see Hooper family). 2. Betty Woolford, born June 5, 1756. 3. Katie Woolford, born January 23, 1758. 4. Nancy Woolford, born May 10, 1760. 5. Stevens Whiteley Woolford, born August i, 1762, of whom further. 6. Arthur Whiteley Woolford, born March i, 1765. 7. Rosanna Woolford, born January 18, 1768. The above dates of birth are extracted from Dorchester Parish Register. 404 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY Stevens Whiteley Woolford, son of Stevens and Elizabeth, was born August i, 1762. He married, 8th February, 1783, Eleanor, daughter of Roger Jones (Dorchester Parish Reg- ister). His will, dated i8th September, 1827, and proved 5th November, 1832, is recorded at Cambridge (Lib. T. H. H., No. I, fol. 188); it mentions his wife, Eleanor, and the following children : 1. Stevens Woolford, born 12th May, 1784 (Dorchester Parish Register). 2. Whitefield Woolford. 3. Hiram Woolford. 4. Mary Woolford, married Jones. 5. Sarah Woolford. Arthur Whiteley, of Dorchester County, was born about 1652. In a deposition made in 1730, he gives his age as 78 years (Chancery, Lib. L R., No. i, fol. 318). He married Elizabeth, widow of William Rich, of Talbot County, and 9th March, 1705, he gives to "my four children, William, Peter, Mary and Elizabeth Rich, three cows, marked with the probe mark of William Rich, late of Talbot County, deceased, and two mares, branded W. R." (Dorchester County County Records, Lib. 6, old fol. 80). loth August, 1705, Arthur Whiteley, of Dorchester County, and Eliza- beth, his wife, convey to Daniel Sherwood a tract called "The Adventure," containing 412 acres, in Dorchester County (Dorchester County Records, Lib. 6, old fol. 70). Before 17 19 Elizabeth was dead and he had married a second wife, Joan, since 12th August, 17 19, Arthur Whiteley, of Dorchester County, and Joan, his wife, execute a deed to Thos. Nevett (Dorchester County Records, Lib. 2, old fol. 2). His will, dated 20th January, 1729, proved March 12, 1735 (Annapolis Wills, Lib. 21, fol. 532), mentioned his son, Arthur Rich Whiteley, who is appointed executor, and his sons, Anthony, Alexander, Augustus and Abraham Bing Whiteley. The issue of Arthur Whiteley, by his two wives, was as follows : THE WOOLFORDS AND WHITELEY CONNECTIONS 4O5 1. Arthur Rich Whiteley. of whom further. 2. Anthony Whiteley. settled in Philadelphia. 3. Alexander Whiteley. 4. Augustus Whiteley. 5. Abraham Bing Whiteley. Arthur Rich Whiteley was the son of Arthur Whiteley and Elizabeth, his wife, widow of William Rich. He lived on a tract called "Harwood's Choice." 27th November, 1752, Anthony Whiteley, of Philadelphia, Pa., Gent., con- veys to Arthur Whiteley of Dorchester County, Md., all his right, title, etc., to "Harwood's Choice," being the plan- tation on which said Arthur lives, and an adjacent tract called "Henry's Choice" (Dorchester County Records, Lib. 14, old fol. 683). In his will, dated 15th April, 1766, proved 23d November, 1771 (Annapolis Wills, Lib. 38, fol. 537), he omits his middle name and calls himself simply Arthur Whiteley. He mentions in it his wife, Katharine, and the following children : 1. Arthur Whiteley (executor of his father's will). 2. William Rich Whiteley. 3. Betty Whiteley, married Stevens Woolford (see Wool- ford family). 4. Mary Whiteley, married Travers. 5. Sarah Whiteley, married John Stevens. 6. Nancy Whiteley. In addition to these children, he mentions his grandsons, Arthur Stevens, son of John Stevens, and Arthur Woolford, son of Stevens Woolford. From Col. Thomas Woolford, son of Col. Roger Wool- ;ford, herein named, another branch of the family began with his son Stevens, better known as Rev. Stephen Woolford, who married Elizabeth Whiteley, sister of Colonel Whiteley, of Caroline County. They had three sons and seven daughters, already herein named. He died in the year 1800, 71 years of age. His son. Rev. Stephen B. Woolford, married a 406 HISTORY OF DORCHESTER COUNTY Miss Custis, of the Eastern Shore of Virginia. Their sons were Stephen, George Whitefield and Hiram W. Woolford; Hiram W. married Busick, daughter of , of Dor- chester County, Md. They had four sons and six daugh- ters, viz: Stephen B., Hiram W., Jr., James L., and Wm. W.; Caroline, Sarah, Mary Ann, EHzabeth, Sarah E. and Henrietta. Hiram W. Woolford, Sr., died in March, 1862, at Milton. He was a land owner and slave-holder. Had been elected Judge of the Orphans' Court and several times a member of the Board of County Commissioners, of which he was President. In politics, he was an "old line Whig," and a stanch friend of Thomas Holliday Hicks. Stephen, one of the sons of Hiram, was a mariner and cap- tain of sail vessels for some years, and died when about 48 years of age. Hiram W. was also a mariner and died at the age of 26. James L. was also- a youthful captain on his father's vessel until 1862, when he went "South" and volun- teered in the Confederate Army, November 20, 1862. He was a brave soldier and was wounded three times in the battles at Gettysburg, and only surrendered when he could neither fight nor retreat. After being kept in the Federal hospitals for some time, he was sent to Fort McHenry, and from there was exchanged March 20, 1864, to enter again the conflict of civil war. From this time on he was in numerous skirmishes and battles, suffered many hardships and privations until the close of the war for the cause of his political convictions. He returned tO' his home in Maryland and resumed his citizenship, acknowledging what the sword had settled for his country to> be final, he became a firm and honest supporter of the Union, for oiie country and one people. A return to civil life did not take away from him all the charms of military service. He raised a volunteer militia company in Cambridge, called the "Lloyd Guards," then said to be one of the finest drilled companies in the State, and its personnel was beyond the conception of an old time soldier. Soon after he formed the Third Maryland Bat- THE WOOLFORDS AND WHITELEY CONNECTIONS 407 talion, and was elected its Colonel. This Battalion was regarded as being the finest body of men in the service, and always received honorable mention in Brigade Reports, being well drilled, finely dressed and handsome in appear- ance. No doubt Colonel Woolford and his staff were proud of that command. For twelve years they were the flower of the Maryland National Guard and as true soldiers as ever stood in the "Old Maryland Line." Colonel Woolford's first business venture after his return from the South, was in the commission business at Baltimore for eight years. From there he went to Cambridge and engaged in the oyster business, where he built up one of the largest trades on the Eastern Shore. His liberal disburse- ments in this business were beneficial to many laboring peo- ple, but did not yield him- a profitable return. In 1893 he removed to Baltimore, where he is now in business. His family consists of his wife, the daughter of Charles Breerwood, of Town Point, whose mother was the daughter of Samuel Hooper. Their three childrn, Gertrude N., Nellie C. and W. Clyde Woolford, reside with their parents. Other branches of the Woolford family have received biographical notice in "Portrait and Biographical Record of the Eastern Shore of Maryland." APPENDIX. ASSEMBLY DELEGATES AND BURGESSES. COLONIAL PERIOD. 1669-71 — Richard Preston, non-resident Assembly Delegate; Daniel Clark, non-resident Burgess. 1671-74 — Daniel Clark, William Ford, Henry Trippe, Burgesses or Delegates. 1674-75 — Daniel Clark, Henry Trippe, Burgesses or Delegates. ; 1681 — Bartholomew Ennalls, Dr. John Brooks. 1682 — Henry Trippe, Bartholomew Ennalls, Assembly Delegates. October 2, 1683 — Bartholomew Ennalls. October 5 Mr. Ennalls asked the House to dispense with his services the remainder of the session, which was refused. April I, 1684 — Capt. William Frazier (?), Bartholomew Ennalls (fined for absence, ten pounds sterling). Dr. John Brooks. May 14, 1692 — Henry Trippe, Dr. John Brooks, Thomas Ennalls, Edward Pinder. 1693 — Maj. Henry Trippe, Dr. John Brooks, Thomas Ennalls, Edward Pinder. 1694 — John Pollard, Henry Hooper, Thomas Hicks, Thomas Ennalls. — ' 1695 — John Pollard, Maj. Henry Hooper, Thomas Ennalls, Thomas Hicks. Pollard's salary was 2240 pounds of tobacco, from October 4 to October 19, 16 days attendance. Ennalls, 9 days, 1260 pounds. Each mem- ber was allowed 80 pounds per day for 6 days, traveling expenses, coming and going. 1696 — The same. 1697 — The same. May 10, 1698 (first session) — Thomas Hicks. Walter Campbell, Jacob Lockerman. (Thos. Ennalls sick.) October 20, 1698 — Same Delegates (second session). June 29, 1699 — The same Delegates. May 8, 1701 — Thomas Ennalls, Jacob Lockerman, Hugh Eccleston, John LeCompte. March 16, 1702 — The same Delegates. 4IO APPENDIX 1703 — No record. December 5, 1704 — Hugh Eccleston, John Taylor, John Hudson, Joseph Ennalls. 1705 — Hugh Eccleston, John Taylor, John Hudson, Joseph Ennalls. April 2, 1706 — Hugh Eccleston, John Taylor, John Hudson, Joseph Ennalls. March 6, 1707 — Hugh Ennalls, John Hudson, Joseph Ennalls, Roger Woolford. 1708 — Hugh Eccleston, John Hudson, Joseph Ennalls, Roger Woolford. October 26, 1709 — Hugh Eccleston, Walter Campbell, Joseph Ennalls, John Hudson. (Writs were issued for the election of two members to serve in the place of Joseph Ennalls, deceased, and Roger Woolford, com- missioned sheriff.) October 24, 1710 — Hugh Eccleston, Walter Campbell, John Hudson, Thomas Hicks. October 23, 171 1— Walter Campbell, John Hudson, Thomas Hicks, Robert Skinner. (Writ for an election of a member in place of Hugh Eccleston, deceased. Robert Skinner elected to vacancy.) October 28, 1712 — Roger Woolford, Henry Ennalls, Covert Lockerman, Henry Trippe. October 27, 1713 — Roger Woolford, Henry Ennalls, Covert Lockerman. June, 1714 — Capt. Henry Trippe (first session, no record), Maj. Roger Woolford, Capt. Henry Ennalls, Covert Lockerman. October 5, 1714 (second session) — Capt. Henry Ennalls, Covert Locker- man, Henry Trippe, Roger Woolford. April 26, 1715 (first session under reign of King Ceorge) — Roger Wool- ford, Henry Trippe, John Hudson, Peter Taylor. 1715 (second session) — Maj. Roger Woolford, Captain Henry Trippe, John Hudson, Peter Taylor. April 23, 1716 — John Brannock, Peter Taylor Tobias Pollard, John Meekins (session prorogued). July 7, 1716 — John Brannock, Peter Taylor, Tobias Pollard, John Meekins (session porogued). May 28, 1717 — Peter Taylor, Tobias Pollard, John Meekins, John Bran- nock (session prorogued). April 22, 1718 — Tobias Pollard, John Meekins, Peter Taylor, John Bran- nock. May 14. 1719 — Maj. Roger Woolford, Capt. John Rider, Peter Taylor, John Brannock. April 5, 1720 — John Brannock, Col. Roger Woolford, Capt. John Rider, Peter Taylor (session prorogued). October 11, 1720— John Brannock, Col. Roger Woolford, Capt. John Rider, Peter Taylor. July 18, 1 721 — Roger Woolford, Peter Taylor. (Resolved, That Mr. APPENDIX 411 Peter Taylor be fined ten shillings, to be paid immediately to the Sergeant, for his absence at calling over the House and contempt thereon.) October 9, 1722 — Henry Hooper, Matthias Travers, John Hodson, Edward Pritchett. September 2S, 1723 — Henry Traverse, Edward Pritchett, Henry Hooper. October 6, 1724 — Capt. John Hooper, Capt. Henry Hooper, Edward Pritchett, Matthew Travers. October 5, 1725 — Capt. Henry Hooper, Capt. John Ryder, John Kirke, Edward Pritchett. 1726 — Capt. Henry Hooper, Capt. John Ryder, John Kirke, Edward Pritchett. 1727 — Capt. Henry Hooper, Capt. John Ryder, John Kirke, Edward Pritchett. 1728 — Col. William Ennalls, John Kirke, Peter Taylor, John Brannock. July 10, 1729 — John Brannock, John Kirke, William Ennalls, Peter Taylor. 1730 — John Brannock, Peter Taylor, William Ennalls. 1731 — John Brannock, Peter Taylor, John Kirke, William Ennalls. 1732 — Capt. Henry Hooper, Thomas Woolford, Peter Taylor, John Brannock. March 20, 1733 — Col. Henry Hooper, Henry Trippe, James Brown. 1734 — Col. Henry Hooper, Henry Trippe, Thomas Browne, Thomas Woolford. March 19, 1735 — Col. Henry Hooper, Henry Trippe, Thomas Browne, Thomas Woolford. April 20, 1736 — Col. Henry Hooper, Henry Trippe, James Brown. 1737 — James Browne, Henry Hooper, Captain Woolford. May 3, 1738 — Henry Trippe, Col. Henry Hooper, John Brannock, Bar- tholomew Ennalls. May I, 1739 — John Brannock, Col. Henry Hooper, Henry Trippe, Bar- tholomew Ennalls. April 23, 1740 (first session) — Henry Hooper, Bartholomew Ennalls, John Brannock, Henry Trippe (two sessions). May 26, 1 741 — Col. Henry Hooper, Bartholomew Ennalls, Henry Trippe, Jacob Hindman. September 21, 1742 — Bartholomew Ennalls, Jacob Hindman, Philemon LeCompte, Maj. Henry Trippe. 1743 — No record. 1744 — Capt. Bartholomew Ennalls, Jacob Hindman, Henry Trippe, Phile- mon LeCompte. 1745 — Col. Henry Hooper, Bartholomew Ennalls, Daniel Sulivane, Phil. LeCompte. 1746 — Col. Henry Hooper, Bartholomew Ennalls, Phil. LeCompte, Francis Lee. 412 APPENDIX 1747 — Daniel Sulivane, Phil. LeCompte, Henry Hooper, Bartholomew Ennalls. 1748 — Col. Henry Hooper, Barth. Ennalls, Philemon LeCompte, Daniel Sulivane. 1749 — Col. Henry Hooper, Philemon LeCompte, Capt. Henry Travers, Dan. Sulivane (two sessions). 1750 — Dan. Sulivane, Henry Hooper, Mathew Travers, Philemon Le- Compte. 1751 — Dan. Sulivane, Henry Hooper, Philemon LeCompte, Mathew Travers (first session). 1751 — Col. Henry Hooper, Charles Goldsborough, Ennalls Hooper, Daniel Sulivane (second session). 1752 — Henry Hooper, Chas. Goldsborough, Dan. Sulivane. 1753 — Col. Henry Hooper, Charles Goldsborough. (Writs were issued for an election. Hooper Ennalls had left the province, and Daniel Suli- vane had accepted Sheriff's office.) 1754 — Col. Henry Hooper, Henry Travers, Joseph Cox Gray, Chas. Goldsborough. June 23, 1755 — Joseph Cox Gray, Henry Travers, Chas. Goldsborough, Hicks. 1756 — Jos. Cox Gray, Chas. Goldsborough, Henry Travers (two ses- sions). Henry Hooper (absent, sick). 1757 — April 13 — Henry Hooper (session held at Baltimore town, in Bal- timore County. Col. Henry Hooper was chosen speaker pro tem), Jos. Cox. Gray, Henry Traverse. 1758 — Daniel Sulivane, Henry Travers, Chas. Goldsborough, Col. Henry Hooper. 1759 — The same members. 1760 — The same members. 1 761 — The same members. 1762 — Col. Henry Hooper, Charles Goldsborough, Daniel Sulivane, Jos. Cox Gray. October 4, 1763 — Jos. Cox Gray, Daniel Sulivane, Henry Steele. (Chas. Goldborough. having been called to the Upper House, Henry Steele was elected to fill the vacancy.) 1764 — No record. September 23, 1765, and November, 1765 — Daniel Sulivane, Robert Golds- borough, third, Philemon LeCompte, Henry Travers (two sessions). May 9, 1766 — Daniel Sulivane, Philemon LeCompte, Robert Golds- borough, third, John Henry. 1767 — No record. May 24, 1768 — Daniel Sulivane, Henry Hooper, Philemon LeCompte, Henry Steele. November, 1769 — Daniel Sulivane, Henry Hooper, Henry Steele. (Rob- APPENDIX 413 ert Eden appointed Governor. Writs of election issued for an election to elect a Delegate in the place of Philemon LeCompte, deceased.) September 25, 1770 — Henry Hooper, Henry Steele, Edward Noel (first session). November 5, 1770 — The same Delegates (second session). October 2, 1771 — William Richardson, William Ennalls, Joseph Rich- ardson. 1772 — No record. June 15, 1773 — William Richardson, William Ennalls, John Ennalls. March 23, 1774 — John Ennalls, William Richardson. (Entered the House April 5. The last session of the Assembly under the Proprietary.) MARYLAND CONVENTIONS. BEGINNING OF THE REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD-DOR- CHESTER COUNTY DEPUTIES AND DELEGATES. June 22, 1774 — Deputies, First Convention — Robert Goldsborough, Wil- liam Ennalls, Henry Steele, John Ennalls, Robert Harrison, Col. Henry Hooper, Mathew Brown. November, 1774 — Delegates not named. December 8, 1774 — Delegates not named. ASSOCIATION OF THE FREEMEN OF MARYLAND. July 26, 1775 — Robert Goldsborough, Henry Hooper, James Murray, T'.omas Ennalls, Robert Harrison. December 7, 1775 — John Ennalls, James Murray, Henry Hooper, Wil- liam Ennalls. May 8, 1776 — Robert Goldsborough, Henry Hooper, James Murray, John Ennalls. June 21, 1776 — Robert Goldsborough, Henry Hooper, James Murray, Wm. Ennalls. August 14, 1776 — New Convention met. — Robert Goldsborough, John Murray, James Ennalls, Joseph Ennalls, Jun. (First session adjourned September 17; met again October 2.) nRST GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE STATE OF MARYLAND. DELEGATES FROM DORCHESTER COUNTY. February, 1777— William Ennalls, John Henry, Jr., James Murray, Henry Steel. June, 1777 — John Henry, Jr., James Murray. October, 1777 — John Smoot, John Henry, Jr., James Murray, Joseph DafHn. 414 APPENDIX March, 1778— James Murray, John Smoot. June, 1778 — Joseph Baffin, Robert Goldsborough, James Murray, John Smoot. October, 1778 — John Smoot, John Henry, Jr., Thomas Firman Eccleston, James Wool ford. March, 1779 — Thos. F. Eccleston, Robert Goldsborough. July, 1779 — Thos. F. Eccleston, Robert Goldsborough, John Smoot. November, 1779 — John Henry, Jr., Samuel McUee, John Smoot, Thomas Eccleston. March, 1780 — The same. At this session McGee resigned. June, 1780 — Thos. F. Eccleston. October, 1780 — Daniel Sulivane, Thos. Firman Eccleston. (Eccleston resigned October 31st.) November, 1781 — Thos. Eccleston, Levin Kirkman, John Smoot, James Shaw. November 11, 1782 — James Shaw, Levin Kirkman, Robertson Stevens, John Smoot. May 6, 1783 — James Shaw, Levin Kirkman. November 11, 1783 (first session) — James Shaw, Daniel Sulivane, Levin Kirkman, Thomas F. Eccleston. November 15, 1784 (first session) — James Steele, Gustavus Scott, James Shaw, Thos. Firman Eccleston. November 14, 1785 — Levin Kirkman, Henry Waggaman, Henry Ennalls, Wm. Ennalls Hooper. 1786 — James Shaw, Wm. Ennalls Hooper, Archibald Pattison, James Steele. April 18, 1787 — Archibald Pattison, Wm. Ennalls Hooper, James Steele, James Shaw (first session). November 14, 1787 — Archibald Pattison, Moses LeCompte, James Shaw, James Steele (second session). May 14, 1788 — Moses LeCompte, James Steele, James Shaw (first ses- sion; Steele resigned). November 4, 1788 — Moses LeCompte, Wm. Vans Murray, James Steele, James Shaw (second session). 1789 — Moses LeCompte, James Steele, Wm. Vans Murray, James Shaw. November 4, 1790 — Wm. Vans Murray, Moses LeCompte, Wm. Golds- borough, James Steele. 1791 — Wm. Goldsborough, Moses LeCompte, Solomon Frazier, John Eccleston. 1792 — The same. (Moses LeCompte, who was elected a Delegate, was one of the County Justices, therefore ineligible to a seat in the House.) 1793 — Solomon Frazier, Joseph Daffin, Peter Gordon, Henry Waggaman. 1794 — Sol. Frazier, Wm. B. Martin, Peter Gordon, John Craig. 179s — Sol. Frazier, John Craig, James Steele, Wm. Murray Robertson. APPENDIX 415 November 9, 1796 — Sol. Frazier, Levin H. Campbell, Richard Golds- borough, Richard Pattison. November 8, 1797 — Sol. Frazier, Richard Pattison, Chas. Goldsborough, John Craig. (On joint ballot, Hon. John Henry was unanimously elected Governor, November 13.) 1798 — Richard Pattison, Solomon Frazier, Isaac Steele, Mathew Keene. November 5, 1799 — Sol. Frazier, Rich. Pattison, Rich. Goldsborough Mathew Keene. 1800 — Sol. Frazier, Isaac Steele, Rich. Goldsborough. 1801 — John McKeel Anderson, Isaac Steele, Mathew Keene, Chas. Golds- borough. November 4, 1802 — Sol. Frazier, Isaac Steele, Chas. Goldsborough, Mathew Keene. (At this session James Murray was a candidate before the Assembly for Governor. 1803 — Sol. Frazier, Chas. Goldsborough, Mathew Keene, Josiah Bayly. November 6, 1804 — Solomon Frazier, Joseph Ennalls, John Eccleston, Josiah Bayly. November 5, 1805 — Solomon Frazier, Joseph Ennalls, George Ward, John Smoot. November 4, 1806 — John Smoot, George Ward, Robert Dennis, Solomon Frazier. November 3, 1807 — Robert Dennis, Joseph Ennalls, Solomon Frazier, Hugh Henry. November 8, 1808— Solomon Frazier, Robert Dennis, Edward Griffith, Joseph Ennalls. June 5, 1809— Joseph Ennalls, Solomon Frazier, Robert Dennis, Edward Griffith. (First session. Special session convened.) November, 1809 (second session) — Benjamin W. LeCompte, Edward Griffith, Solomon Frazier, Michael Lucas. November 6, 1810 — Wm. W. Eccleston, Solomon Frazier, John Stewart, Frederick Bennett. November 4, 181 1 — ^John Smoot, Edward Griffith, Joseph Ennalls, Fred- erick Bennett. June 15, 1812 — Edward Griffith. (Extra session.) November 2, 1812 — John Stewart, Benjamin LeCompte, Richard Tootle, Edward Griffith. December 6, 1813 — John Stewart, Edward Griffith, Richard Tootle, Ben- jamin W. LeCompte. December 5, 1814 — John Stewart, Richard Tootle, Benjamin W. Le- Compte, Edward Griffith. December 4, 1815 — Robert Hart, Edward Griffith, Benjamin W. Le- Compte. (Sol. Frazier sick.) December 2, 1816 — Thomas Pitt, Benjamin W. LeCompte, Robert Hart, Edward Griffith. 4l6 APPENDIX December 2, 1817— Thomas Pitt, Benjamin W. LeCompte, Henry Keene, Edward Griffith. December 7, 1818 — Wm. W. Eccleston, Benj. W. LeCompte, Solomon Frazier, Levin Lake. December 7, 1819— Michael Lucas, Edward Griffith, Dr. William Jack- son, Benj. W. LeCompte. December 4, 1820 — William W. Eccleston, Levin Lake (?), Solomon Frazier. (Levin Lake and Benj. LeCompte, having each received the same number of votes, there was no election of either.) December 3, 1821— Daniel Sulivane, Edward Griffith, Matthias Travers, Solomon Frazier. December 2, 1822 — John N. Steele, Bartholomew Byus, John WiUis, Roger Hooper. December i, 1823— John R. W. Pitt, John Willis, William Hutson, John N. Steele. December 6. 1824 — Daniel Sulivane, Thos. J. H. Eccleston, Matthias Travers, John N. Steele. October 3, 1825 — Joseph Ennalls, John Brohawn, John Douglass, Thos. I. H. Eccleston. October 2, 1826— John R. Pitt, Brice J. Goldsborough, Martin L. Wright, Samuel Rawley. October i, 1827 — J. F. Williams, George Lake, Brice J. Goldsborough, "Administration ;" John Douglass, "Jackson." December 29, 1828 — Francis E. Phelps, Matthew Hardcastle, Thos. J. W. Eccleston, Martin Wright. December 28, 1829 — Thos. H. Hicks, John N. Steele, Matthew Hard- castle, Brice J. Goldsborough. December 27, 1830 — Thos. H. Hicks, Benjamin G. Keene, John N. Steele, Martin L. Wright. December 26, 183 1 — John Travers, Martin L. Wright, William A. Lake, Joseph Nicols. December 31, 1832 — Joseph Nicols, Martin L. Wright, John Travers, Levin Richardson. December 30, 1833 — Robert Griffith, Henry L. McNamara, Martin L. Wright, Joseph Nicols. December 29, 1834 — Joseph Nicols, William J. Ford, Levin Richardson, Samuel B. Creighton. December 28, 1835 — Joseph K. Travers, William J. Ford, Josiah Bayly, Jr. (John Travers deceased.) December 26, 1836 — Benjamin G. Keene, Thos. J. H. Eccleston, William Frazier, Thos. H. Hicks. December 25, 1837 — William Frazier, John F. Eccleston, Nicholas Golds- borough, Reuben Tall. December 31, 1838 — Henry Page, Henry L. McNamara, Joseph Nicols, Whitefield Woolford. APPENDIX 417 December 30, 1839— William Frazier, Reuben Tall, Francis P. Phelps, Jacob Wilson. December 28, 1840— Kendall M. Jacobs, John R. Keene, William Frazier, Reuben Tall. December 27, 1841— Joseph R. Eccleston, Dr. Joseph Nichols, William K. Travers, Levin Richardson. December 26, 1842— Francis P. Phelps, William K. Travers, Wm. B. LeCompte, Nathaniel E. Green. December 25, 1843— James A. Stewart, John W. Dail, Francis P. Phelps. (Nicols deceased). December 30, 1844— Joseph E. Muse, William Frazier, John R. Keene, Reuben Tall. December 29, 1845 — John F. Eccleston, John F. Boone, William Frazier, James Smith. December 28, 1846 — Jacob Wilson, Daniel M. Henry, Benjamin Travers, William Frazier. December 27, 1847 — Benjamin G. Keene, James B. Chaplain, Reuben Tall. December 31, 1849 — Jacob Wilson, Daniel M. Henry, William W. Mace, Washington A. Smith. January 7, 1852 — William Frazier, Reuben Tall, Thos. J. Dail. January 5, 1853 — William Frazier, Reuben Tall, Tho«. J. Dail. January 4, 1854 — James Wallace, J. R. Donoho, Kendall M. Jacobs. January 2, 1856 — John W. Dail, William Frazier, Algernon Thomas. January 6, 1858 — John W. Dail, Levin Richardson, Horatio H. Graves. January 4, i860 — L. W. Linthicum, John R. Keene, William Holland. December 3, 1861-1862 — Dr. Francis P. Phelps, Sr., Dr. Thomas King Carroll, John Q. Leckie. (Special session.) January 6, 1864 — David O. P. Elliott, William Frazier, John Brohawn. January 4, 1865 — John H. Hodson, Washington A. Smith. January 10, 1866 — William Frazier, John H. Hodson, Washington A. Smith. 1867 — Francis P. Phelps, Sr., Edward Leeds Kerr, Linthicum (?). January i, 1868 — Algernon S. Percy, Wm. E. Stewart, Alward Johnson. January 5, 1870 — Benjamin H. Harrington, Samuel W. Wool ford, George J. Meekins. January 3, 1872 — Washington A. Smith, William F. Vickers, John A. L. Radcliffe. January 7, 1874 — J- J- M. Gordy, Oliver P. Johnson, Eugene Hodson. 1876 — Edmund G. Waters, Washington A. Smith, William J. Lambdin. 1878 — Samuel M. Travers, d. ; Joseph H. Johnson, d. ; Isaac Iri. Hous- ton, d. 37 4l8 APPENDIX 1880 — Benjamin L. Smith, M.D., d. ; Wm. J. Lambdin, Francis A. Newton. 1882 — William S. Sherman, d. ; Joseph H. Johnson, d. ; William T. Staplefort, d. 1884 — Dr. Isaac H. Houston, d. ; James Wallace, Jr., rep. ; Joseph T. Davis, rep. 1886 — Benjamin L. Smith, M.D., James M. Robertson, Francis H. Vin- cent. 1888— Zora H. Brinsfield, D. W. Newberry, S. Lynn Percy. 1890— William T. Stapleforte, d; William S. Craft, d. ; Edwin T. Mace, d. 1892 — Benj. L. Smith, d. ; Alonzo L., Miles, d. ; Jos. B. Meredith, f. 1894 — Francis P. Phelps, Wm. F. Applegarth, Levi D. Travers. 1896— Chas. M. M. Wingate, Wm. D. Hopkins, W. Spry Bradley. 1898 — Alonzo L. Miles, Chas. W. Hackett, Benjamin J. Linthicum. 1900 — Benjamin J. Linthicum, Francis P. Corkran, Joseph B. Andrews. (Joseph B. Andrews unseated by contest made by Jno. R. Pattison before the House; Pattison seated.) 1901 — Benjamin J. Linthicum, Francis P. Corkran, Jno. R. Pattison. (Extra session called.) 1902 — Benjamin J. Linthicum, Tilghman R. Hackett, Jas. S. Shepherd, John A. Baker. (Increased representation under census of 1900.) LIST OF DORCHESTER COUNTY OFFICE-HOLDERS FROM 1669 TO 1902.^ COMMISSIONERS OR JUSTICES. 1669 — Raymond Stapleford, John Pollard, William Stevens, of Little Choptank ; Stephen Gary, Henry Trippe, Anthony LeCompte, William Stevens, Henry Hooper. 1671-74 — William Wroughton, Thomas Pattison, Thomas Skinner, Daniel Clark, Robert Winsmore. June 4, 1674 — Daniel Clark, Robert Williams, William Stevens, John Hudson, Henry Trippe, Stephen Gary, gentlemen of the Quorum ; Bar- tholomew Ennalls, Henry Hooper, William Ford, Thomas Skinner, Charles Hutchins, Gent. Justices. March, 1675-76 — Robert Winsmore. William Stevens. John Hudson, Quorum ; Henry Trippe, Stephen Gary, Bartholomew Ennalls, Henry Hooper, William Ford, Thomas Skinner, Charles Hutchins, Justices. August, 1676 — Robert Winsmore, William Stevens, Raymond Staple- ' This list is as complete as it is possible to make it, and is made up of those appointed or elected. APPENDIX 419 ford, Henry Trippe, Quorum ; John Brooks, Stephen Gray, Charles Hutch- ins, Henry Hooper, Henry Bradley, John Pollard, John Offey, Justices. June 7, 1679 — William Stevens, Raymond Stapleford, Capt. Thos. Tailor, John Brooks, William Dorrington, Quorum; Bartholomew Ennalls, John Pollard, Charles Hutchins, Henry Hooper, John Alford, Gent. Justices. 1680— William Stevens, John Brooks, Maj. Thos. Taylor, William Dor- rington, Quorum; Bartholomew Ennalls, Charles Hutchins, John Alford, Henry Hooper, Gent. Justices. 1681— Capt. Henry Trippe, William Stevens, Maj. Thos. Taylor, John Brooks, Bartholomew Ennalls, Cliarles Hutchins, John Alford, Henry Hooper, John Pollard, William Travers, Gent. Justices. 1683 — Henry Trippe, Edward Pinder, John Brooks, Bartholomew Ennalls, Vincent Lowe, Gent. Justices. 1684 — John Brooks, Bartholomew Ennalls, Thomas Taylor, Henry Trippe, Charles Hutchins, Gent. Justices. 1685 — Henry Trippe, Edward Pinder, Thomas Taylor, Jacob Locker- man, Bartholomew Ennalls, Gent. Justices. 1686 — John Hodson, Thomas Taylor, Jacob Lockerman, Gent. Justices. 1687 — Henry Trippe, John Hodson, Jacob Lockerman, John Woodward, Thomas Taylor, John Brooks, Henry Hooper, Gent. Justices. 1688 — Thomas Taylor, John Hodson, Henry Trippe, John Brooks, John Woodward, Jacob Lockerman, Gent. Justices. 1689 — Henry Trippe, Charles Hutchins, Henry Hooper, John Woodward, John Brooks, Gent. Justices. 1690— John Brooks, Charles Hutchins, Jacob Lockerman, Henry Trippe, Gent. Justices. i6gi_John Brooks, Charles Hutchins, Jacob Lockerman, Henry Trippe, Edward Pinder, Gent. Justices. 1692— Henry Hooper, John Hodson. Capt. John Makeele, Capt. Thomas Ennalls, Thomas Hicks, Edward White, William Mishew, Gent. Justices. 1693— Richard Owen, Walter Campbell, Thomas Ennalls, Gent. Justices. 1694— Richard Owen, William Mishew, Thomas Ennalls, John Makeele, Gent. Justices. 1695— William Mishew, John Makeele, Thomas Ennalls, Thomas Hicks, Gent. Justices. 1696— Thomas Hicks, William Mishew, Richard Owen, Roger Wool- ford, Thomas Taylor, Gent. Justices. 1697— Thomas Ennalls, Richard Owen, William Mishew, Gent. Justices. i6g8— Thomas Ennalls, William Mishew, Richard Owen, Henry Hooper, Gent. Justices. 1699— Thomas Ennalls, Henry Ennalls, William Mishew, Gent. Justices. 1700 — Thomas Ennalls, Gent. Justice. i70i_William Campbell, William Mishew, John Taylor, Roger Wool- ford, Gent. Justices. 420 APPENDIX 1702 — John Taylor, Richard Owen, Jacob Lockerman, Roger Woolford, John Taylor, WilHam Campbell, Henry Ennalls, Gent. Jutsices. 1703 — Jacob Lockerman, Joseph Ennalls, Henry Ennalls, John Taylor, Gent. Justices. 1704 — John Lockerman, Joseph Ennalls, Walter Campbell, John Taylor, John Keene, Henry Ennalls, Gent. Justices. 1705 — Walter Campbell, Henry Ennalls, Jacob Lockerman, Joseph Ennalls, John Taylor, Gent. Justices. 1706 — Joseph Ennalls, Tobias Pollard, Francis Hayward, Richard Owen, Henry Ennalls, Jacob Lockerman, Thomas Ennalls, Thomas Hicks, Gent. Justices. 1707 — Jacob Lockerman, Tobias Pollard, Gent. Justices. 1708 — Henry Ennalls, John Ryder, Joseph Ennalls, Gent. Justices. 1709 — Tobias Pollard, Jacob Lockerman, Henry Ennalls, John Ryder, John Keene, Levin Hicks, James Cannon, Lockerman, Jr., Gent. Justices. 1710 — Henry Ennalls, John Keene, Jacob Lockerman, Levin Hicks, Gent. Justices. 171 1— Henry Ennalls, John Keene, Levin Hicks, Gent. Justices. 1 712 — Henry Ennalls, Levin Hicks, Jacob Lockerman, John Keene, Walter Campbell, Gent. Justices. 1713 — Henry Ennalls, Levin Hicks, Jacob Lockerman, Charles Nutter, Gent. Justices. 1714 — Levin Hicks, John Ryder, Jacob Lockerman, Henry Ennalls, John Keene, John Ryder, Gent. Justices. 1715 — John Keene, Jacob Lockerman, Henry Ennalls, Henry Trippe, Levin Hicks, Charles Nutter, Gent. Justices. 1716 — Jacob Lockerman, Henry Ennalls, Levin Hicks, John Ryier, Roger Woolford, Gent. Justices. 1717 — Henry Ennalls, Henry Trippe, Jacob Lockerman, John Keene, Roger Woolford, Levin Hicks, Gent. Justices. 1718 — Levin Hicks, Charles Nutter, John Ryder, Henry Ennalls, Robert Harrison, Jacob Lockerman, Roger Woolford, Henry Trippe, Gent. Jus- tices. 1719 — John Ryder, Levin Hicks, John Keene, Walter Campbell, Henry Trippe, Henry Ennalls. Charles Nutter, Gent. Justices. 1720 — Henry Ennalls, John Ryder, Peter Taylor, John Robson, Jus- tices of the Peace. 1721 — Henry Ennalls, John Robson, Henry Trippe, Peter Taylor, Justices of the Peace ; Charles Nutter, Roger Woolford, Justices of the Court ; John Keene, Justice of the Peace ; Jacob Lockerman, Justice of the Court. 1722 — John Robson, John Keene. 1723 — Jacob Lockerman, Justice of the Peace; Maj. Henry Ennalls, Justice of the Court; Roger Woolford, Justice of the Provincial Court; Peter Taylor, Thomas Taylor, Charles Nutter, John Robson, Justices of the Peace. APPENDIX 421 1724 — Jacob Lockerman, Justice of the Court; Thomas Taylor, Peter Taylor, Justices of the Peace ; Henry Ennalls, Justice of the Court ; John Robson, Thomas Woolford, Tobias Pollard, Justices of the Peace. 1725 — Walter Campbell, Justice of the Peace; Henry Ennalls, Justice of the Peace and Justice of the Court ; Tobias Pollard, John Robson, Thomas Woolford, Thomas Taylor, Jacob Lockerman, Justices of the Peace ; John Ryder, Justice of the Peace and Justice of the Court. 1726 — Maj. Henry Ennalls, John Ryder, Charles Nutter, Walter Camp- bell, Quorum ; Thomas Taylor, Tobias Pollard, Thomas Woolford, Peter Taylor, John Robson, Thomas Woolford, Anthony Rawlings, Justices. 1727 — Henry Ennalls, Charles Nutter, Tobias Pollard, Thomas Woolford, John Ryder, Walter Campbell, Peter Taylor, Thomas Taylor, Anthony Rawlings, Justices. 1728 — Maj. Henry Ennalls, John Ryder, Walter Campbell, Capt. Charles Nutter, Capt. Thomas Taylor, Tobias Pollard, Capt. Thomas Woolford, Anthony Rawlings, Justices. 1729 — Maj. Henry Ennalls, Col. John Ryder, Charles Nutter, Capt. Tobias Pollard, Capt. Thomas Woolford, Anthony Rawlings, Walter Camp- bell, Peter Taylor, John Hudson, 2d, John LeCompte, Justices. 1730 — Thomas Hicks, Henry Ennalls, John Hodson, Justices. 1731 — Maj. Henry Ennalls, Col. John Ryder, Charles Nutter, Capt. Tobias Pollard, Capt. Thomas Woolford, Anthony Rawlings, Walter Camp- bell, Peter Taylor, John Hudson, 2d, John LeCompte, Justices. 1732 — Henry Ennalls, Thomas Nevett, Thomas Woolford, John White, Peter Taylor, Walter Campbell, Tobias Pollard, Charles Nutter, Thomas Hicks, Justices. 1733 — Henry Hooper, John Hodson, Thomas Nevet, Walter Campbell, Thomas Woolford, John White, Peter Taylor, Justices; (Francis O'Con- nor), Receiver Bailiff and Collector of quit rents due. 1734 — Henry Hooper, Walter Campbell, Thomas Woolford, John White, Thomas Nevet, Bartholomew Ennalls, Thomas Hicks, William Murray, Joseph Ennalls, John Eccleston, Justices. 1735 — Thomas Hicks, Adam Muir, Henry Travers, Joseph Ennalls, Basil Noell, Samuel Fountain, Bartholomew Ennalls, William Murray, Thomas Nevit, John Eccleston, Francis Mooney, Henry Trippe, Benj amine Keene, John Hooper, Justices. 1736 — John Hooper, Samuel Fountain, Benj. Keene, Isaac Nicolls, Henry Trippe, Thomas Nevett, Justices. 1737 — William Murray, Henry Trippe, John Eccleston, Thomas Hicks, Joseph Ennalls, Basil Noel, Henry Hooper, Benj. Keene, Thomas Nevett, Henry Travers, John Jones, Charles Dickinson, Bartholomew Ennalls, Justices. 1738 — Henry Travers, Benj. Keene, William ^Murray, Henry Trippe, Thomas Nevett, Basil Noel, Justices. 1739 — Henry Travers, John Jones, William Clarkson, Thomas Nevett, 422 APPENDIX William Murray, John Eccleston, Bartholomew Ennalls, Benj. Keene, Justices. 1740 — Thomas Nevett, William Murray, Basil Noell, Bartholomew Ennalls, Thomas Hicks, Edward Trippe, Henry Hooper, Benj. Keene, Tohn Jones, Justices. 1741 — John Eccleston, Thomas Nevett, William Murray, Thomas Hicks, Joseph Ennalls, Charles Dickinson, Justices. 1742 — Thomas Nevett, William Murray, Henry Travers, John Jones, Edward Trippe, Benj. Keene, Basil Noell, John Eccleston, Justices; Adam Muir, Justice of Provincial Court. 1743 — Benj. Keene, Charles Dickinson, Thomas Nevett, William Murray, Henry Travers, James Billings, Justices. May 30, 1744 — Thomas Nevett, William Murray, Joseph Ennalls, Adam Muir, John Eccleston, Henry Travers, Quorum; Benj. Keene, Basil Noel, John Jones, Charles Dickinson, James Billings, Thomas Foster, Thomas Mackeele, Ezekiel Keene, Henry Hooper, W. Thomas, Justices. 1745 — Thomas Nevett, William Murray, Basil Noell, Thomas Foster, Justices. 1746 — Charles Dickinson, Benj. Keene, Bartholomew Ennalls, William Murray, Thomas Foster, Henry Travers, Joseph Eiinalls, Justices. 1747 — William Murray, John Eccleston, Bartholomew Ennalls, John Ennalls, John Jones, Thomas Nevett, Benj. Keene, Henry Hooper, Justice of Provincial Court ; Levin Hicks. 1748 — William Murray, Bartholomew Ennalls, Henry Travers, Levin Hicks, Isaac Nicolls, Benj. Keene, Charles Dickinson, John Eccleston, John Jones, Thomas Nevett, Thomas Foster, Justices. 1749 — Henry Travers, Benj. Keene, John Eccleston, Charles Dickinson, Isaac Nicolls, Thomas Foster, Levin Hicks, William Murray, Justices. 1750 — Levin Hicks, Thomas Mackeele, William Murraj^ John Eccleston, Joseph Ennalls, Thomas Muir, Edward Trippe, Robert Polk, Charles Dickinson, Henry Travers, Benj. Keene, Thomas Mackeele, Justices. 1751— William Murray, Thomas Mackeele, John Eccleston, John Jones, Levin Hicks, Edward Trippe, John Capson, Robert Polk, Henry Hooper, Charles Dickinson, Justices. 1752 — John Jones, Thomas Mackeele, Levin Hicks, William Murray, Joseph Ennalls, Henry Hooper, Daniel Sulivan, Thomas Foster, William Clarkson, Edward Trippe, Joseph Eccleston, Justices. 1753 — William Murray, Charles Dickinson, John Jones, Edward Trippe, Henry Travers, Benj. Keene, Joseph Eccleston, Levin Hicks, Thomas Mackeele, Thomas Foster, Justices. 1754 — Thomas Foster, Charles Dickinson, William Murray, Henry Hooper, Henry Hooper, Jr., Edward Trippe, Robert Polk, Joseph Eccles- ton, Justices. 1755 — William Murray, John Capson, Benj. Keene, John Jones, Charles APPENDIX 423 Dickinson, Edward Trippe, Robert Polk, Henry Travers, John Eccleston, John Ennalls, Justices. 1756 — William Murray, Edward Trippe, Thomas Mackeele, John Eccles- ton, Joseph Cox Gray, Henry Travers, Benj. Keene, Justices. 1757 — John Eccleston, Henry Travers, John Jones, Joseph Cox Gray, Robert Polk, Edward Trippe, Benj. Keene, Henry Hooper, Charles Dickin- son, Thomas Mackeele, Alexander Frazier, Daniel Sulivan, John Campbell, Justices. 1758 — Joseph Cox Gray, Robert How, Henry Hooper, Jr., John Campbell, Edward Trippe, Daniel Sulivan, Benj. Keene, Henry Travers, Labdiel Potter, Alexander Frazier, Justices. 1759 — Robert Polk, Henry Hooper, Daniel Sulivan, Henry Steele, Henry Travers, Benj. Keene, Henry Hooper, Jr., Robert How, John Jones, John Mackeele, John Campbell, Labdiel Potter, Justices. 1760 — Robert Polk, Labdiel Potter, Benj. Keene, Daniel Sulivan, Edward Trippe, Henry Travers, Henry Ennalls, Robert How, Joseph Cox Gray, John Anderson, Justices. 1761 — Henry Travers, Alexander Frazier, Edward Trippe, Henry Hicks, Joseph Cox Gray, John Anderson, Daniel Sulivane, Robert Polk, Robert Howe, Henry Hooper, Henry Ennalls, Justices. 1762 — Robert Howe, Joseph Cox Gray, Henry Travers, Benj. Keene, John Anderson, Edward Trippe, Daniel Sulivane, Alexander Frazier, Robert Polk, Henry Hooper, Justices. 1763 — Henry Ennalls, Robert Howe, Henry Hooper, Daniel Sulivane, Robert Polk, Joseph Cox Gray, Alexander Frazier, Edward Trippe, Henry Travers, John Anderson, Justices. March 19, 1764 — Henry Hooper, Henry Travers, Benj. Keene, Charles Dickinson, Henry Trippe, Quorum ; John Campbell, Daniel Sulivane, Robert Polk, Joseph Cox Gray, Henry Hooper, Jr., Alexander Frazier, Henry Ennalls, Robert Howe, Labdiel Potter, Justices ; John Anderson, Justice (Fishing Creek) ; William Ennalls, Thomas White, William Has- kins, Justices. 1765 — Henry Hooper, Thomas White, John Campbell, Robert Howe, Robert Polk, William Haskins, Edward Trippe, Henry Travers, Benj. Keene, John Anderson, Henry Ennalls, Daniel Sulivane, Justices. 1766 — Thomas White, John Campbell, Daniel Sulivane, William Hask- ins, Benj. Keene, John Goldsborough, William Ennalls, Robert Polk, Henry Ennalls, Justices. 1767 — Daniel Sulivane, Henry Ennalls. William Ennalls, William Has- kins, Edward Trippe, Robert Polk, Thomas White, Benj. Keene, John Goldsborough, Justices. 1768 — William Ennalls, William Haskins, Daniel Sulivane, Thomas White, John Goldsborough, Robert Polk, Benj. Keene, Henry Ennalls, Edward Trippe, Justices. 1769 — Daniel Sulivane, Robert Polk, Henry Ennalls, William Ennalls, 424 APPENDIX Edward Trippe, William Haskins, Thomas White, John Goldsborough, Justices. 1770 — Charles Dickinson, John Goldsborough, William Haskins, William Ennalls, Thomas White, Daniel Sulivane, Robert Polk, James Footel, John Dickinson, John Bennett, James Muir, Justices. 1771 — Daniel Sulivane, Thomas White, Benson Stanton, John Dickinson, James Muir, William Ennalls, John Goldsborough, James Footel, John Bennett, Charles Dickinson, Justices. 1772 — William Ennalls, John Goldsborough, James Muir, Daniel Suli- vane, James Footel, Charles Dickinson, John Dickinson, John Bennett, Hugh Eccleston, Justices. '^ITZ — William Ennalls, John Goldsborough, John Dickinson, Daniel Sulivane, Thomas White, John Bennett, James Muir, Hugh Eccleston, Joseph Richardson, Justices. 1774 — William Ennalls, John Dickinson, Hugh Eccleston, Joseph Richard- son, James Muir, Daniel Sulivane, John Bennett, Justices. 1775 — Daniel Sulivane, William Ennalls, John Dickinson, James Muir, Hugh Eccleston, Joseph Richardson, Justices. 1776 — William Ennalls, John Dickinson, Joseph Richardson, Justices. '^11'? — Robert Harrison, Henry Lake, Benjamin Keene, Thomas Jones, Joseph Richardson, John Smith, John Dickinson^ John Smoot, Justices. 1778 — Edward Noell, William Ennalls, Robert Harrison, James Murray, Joseph Richardson, Thomas Jones, James Shaw, Benjamin Keene, William Haskins, Henry Ennalls, Justices. 1779 — Joseph Richardson, James Shaw, William Ennalls, Robert Harri- son, John Dickinson, Thomas F. Eccleston, Benj. Keene, Henry Lake, Thomas Hill Airey, Justices. 1780 — John Smoot, Joseph Richardson, Thomas Hill Airey, Robert Harrison, John Dickinson, William Ennalls, Thomas Jones, Thomas F. Eccleston, James Shaw, Benj. Keene, Henry Lake, Edward Noell, John Smoot, Justices. 1781 — Benj. Keene, Thomas Jones, John Dickinson, William Ennalls, Joseph Richardson, Robert Harrison, Thomas Eccleston, Edward Noell, James Shaw, John Smoot, Thomas Airey, Justices. 1782 — William Ennalls, Thomas Airey, Joseph Richardson, Benj. Keene, Henry Lake, John Dickinson, Thomas Eccleston, James Shaw, Justices. 1783 — Thomas Airey, John Smoot, John Dickinson, Joseph Richardson, William Ennalls, Thomas Jones, Benj. Keene, Henry Lake, Thomas Eccleston, John Goldsborough, Edward Noell, James Shaw, Henry Dickin- son, Labdiel Potter, Robert Harrison, Justices. 1784 — John Dickinson, Joseph Richardson, Benj. Keene, Henry Lake, John Smoot, James Shaw, Thomas Jones, Thomas Airey, Edward Noell, Thomas Eccleston, William Ennalls, Justices. 1785 — John Dickinson, Joseph Richardson, Edward Noell, Thomas Airey, APPENDIX 425 Thomas Jones, Benj. Keene, James Shaw, John Smoot, Henry Lake, Justices. 1786 — Edward Noell, Thomas Jones, John Dickinson, John Smoot, Benj. Keene, Henry Lake, James Shaw, Joseph Baffin, Robertson Stevens, Robert Griffith, Levin Kirkman, John Eccleston, Justices. 1787 — John Smoot, Benj amine Keene, Robertson Stevens, John Eccles- ton, Edward Noell, Henry Lake, Robert Griffith, Thomas Jones, James Shaw, Levin Kirkman, Justices. 1788 — John Smoot, Edward Noell, Benj. Keene, Henry Lake, Levin Kirkman, John Eccleston, Thomas Jones, Robertson Stevens, Robert Griffith, James Shaw, Joseph Baffin, Justices. 1789 — Levin Kirkman, Thomas Jones, Joseph Baffin, John Smoot, Henry Lake, Robertson Stevens, Edward Noell, James Shaw, Benj. Keene, Thomas Bourke, Moses LeCompte, Baniel Sulivane, Justices. 1790 — John Smoot, Henry Lake Edward Noell, Baniel Sulivane, Thomas Jones, Moses LeCompte, Solomon Brickhead, John Tootle, James Shaw, Justices. 1792 — Henry Lake, John Stevens, Levin Woolford, Justices. 1794 — Henry Lake, John Keene, John Stevens, Levin Woolford, Moses LeCompte, Thomas Jones, Richard Pattison, Justices. 1795 — Moses LeCompte, John Stevens, Henry Lake, John Gooding, John Reed, Bavid Smith Levin Woolford, Thomas Jones, John Williams, John Cropper, Charles Adams, John Keene, Richard Pattison, Thomas Barnett, John Eccleston, Stanley Byus, Samuel Brown, Justices. 1796 — John Stevens, John Keene, Henry Lake, John Reed, Bavid Smith, John Cropper, Levin Woolford, John Williams, Thomas Barnett, Thomas Jones, Moses LeCompte, Samuel Brown, John Gooding, Richard Pattison, Justices. 1797 — Levin Woolford, John Cropper, Charles Adams, John Stevens, John Reed, John Gooding, Moses LeCompte, Henry Lake, Bavid Smith, Samuel W. Pitt, Richard Pattison, John Williams, Thomas Barnett, Justices. 1798 — Richard Pattison, Samuel Pitt, Bavid Smith, Thomas Barnett, Thomas Jones, Robert Griffith, Moses LeCompte, Levin Woolford, John Reed, John Stevens, James Steele, Mathew Keene, Charles Adams, John Cropper, John Williams, Justices. 1799 — Moses LeCompte, John Reed, John Williams, Thomas Barnett, John Stevens, Robert Griffith, Levin Woolford, Charles Adams, Thomas Jones, Matthew Keene, Richard Pattison, John Cropper, Samuel Pitt, John Craig, Bavid Smith, Justices. 1800 — Levin Woolford, Samuel Pitt, Moses LeCompte, John Reed, John Stevens, John Craig, Robert Griffith, Richard Pattison, Thomas Jones, 426 APPENDIX., , ", ■■' '*'^'^^ i7 iO^' John Williams, Matthew Keene, Francis Turpin, Charles' Adams, John Cropper, Thomas Barnett, Justices. *" 1801 — Levin Woolford, John Stevens, Richard Goldsborough, Samuel Pitt, Francis Turpin, Charles Adams, Mathew Keene, Mitchell Russum, Justices. 1802 — George Ward, John Stevens, John Cropper, Matthew Keene, Robert Griffith, Levin Woolford, Thomas Jones, Richard Pattison, Richard Goldsborough, John Williams, Thomas Barnett, Samuel Pitt, Charles Adams, Patrick Grain, M. W. Nesbit, John Craig, Justices. 1803 — Richard Goldsborough, Richard Pattison, Levin Woolford, M. W. Nesbit, Matthew Keene, Edward Griffith, John Stevens, Henry Haskins, John Smith, Samuel W. Pitt, Thomas Jones, John Williams, John Cropper, Justices. 1804 — Henry Haskins, Bartholomew Ennalls, Matthew Keene, Edward Griffith, John Stevens, Benj. Linthicum, Henry Smoot, Mitchell Russum, Samuel W. Pitt, Thomas Barnett, John Smith, Samuel Brown, John S. McNamara, Levin Woolford, Richard Goldsborough, Richard Pattison, John William, Thomas Jones, Justices. 1805 — John Williams, M. W. Nesbitt, Matthew Keene, Henry Smoot, Samuel W. Pitt, Levin Woolford, Thomas Jones, Edward Griffith, John S. McNamara, Joshua Polk, Richard Pattison, Henry Haskins, Samuel Brown, Thomas Barnett, Richard Goldsborough, Jacob Wright, Sen., Thomas Thompson, Sen., Jacob Wright, Jr., Justices. 1806 — Richard Pattison, John Brohawn, Thomas Jones, Matthew Keene, M. W. Nesbit, Henry Smoot, Edward Griffith, John McNamara, Samuel Brown, Theopilus Marshall, Levin Woolford, Mitchell Russum, Thomas Barnett, Richard Goldsborough, John Williams, L. Hodson, Henry Has- kins, Thomas Thompson, Sr., Samuel Collins, Whittington, Justices. 1807 — Henry Smoot, Levin Woolford, Samuel Smoot, Thomas Thomp- son, Sr., Samuel Brown, David Higgins, Mitchell Russum, Richard Patti- son, Theopilus Marshall, Thomas Barnett, William Geoghgan, Frederick Bennett, Henry Charles, Samuel Collins, Richard Goldsborough, John Brohawn, Bartholomew Ennalls, John Lynch, William Byus, Justices. 1808 — Levin Marshall, John Smoot, Thomas Thompson, Sr., William Byus, David Higgins, Richard Goldsborough, John Williams, John Brohawn, William Geoghegan, John Stevens, Samuel Brown, Edward Griffith, Matthew Keene, Henry Keene (of John), Samuel Collins, Frederick Bennett, Henry Keene, Henry Haskins, Jacob Wright, Jr., Clement Waters, Henry Charles, Justices. 1809 — John Stevens, Matthew Keene, Henry Keene, M. W. Nesbitt, Frederick Bennett, Saml. Collins, Henry Haskins, Levin Marshall, Richard Pattison, John Smoot, Bartholomew Ennalls, Richard Goldsborough, John Jones, William Geoghegan, William Byus, Thomas Eccleston, Samuel Brown, David Higgins, John Brohawn, Matthias Travers, Joshua Polk, Henry Charles, Justices. APPENDIX 427 1810 — John Stevens, Richard Goldsborough, Richard Tootell, Jona. Bunnell, Stanley B. Lockerman, Samuel Brown, Thomas Lee, William Byus, Henry Haskins, Levin Marshall, Joshua Polk, Henry Charles, Justices. 181 1 — David Higgins, Henry Keene, Richard Pattison, Henry Haskins, Frederick Bennett, John Smoot, Matthias Travers, Matthew Keene, Edward Griffith, Thomas Lee, James Coleston, James Pattison, John Brohawn, Samuel Brown, Samuel Collins, Levin Marshall, Jnoa. Bunnell, Thomas Thompson, Sr., M. W. Nesbitt, John Lynch, Joshua Polk, Richard Goldsborough, Richard Airey, Richard Tootell, Justices. 1812 — Richard Pattison, John Williams, Samuel Brown, Mathias Travers, Mathew Keene, Peter Denney, William Harrison, Jr., William Geoghegan, Frederick Bennett, A. S. Stanford, Thos. Thompson, Joshua Polk, Henry Haskins, David Higgins, Jno. Lynch, Richard Goldsborough, Richard Airey, Levin Marshall, Thos. Lee, Jacob Wright, Job Breerwood, Moses Geoghegan, Henry Smoot, Samuel Collins, Clement Waters, Moses Passapar, John S. McNamara, Henry P. Waggaman, Justices. 1813 — John Williams, Richard Pattison, James Pattison, Levin Marshall, Thos. E. Waggaman, Francis L Beaven, Thos. Barnett, Jr., Wm. W. Polk, Richard Hayward, Thomas Jones, Edward Stapleford, Richard Golds- borough, Thos. L H. Eccleston, Matthew Keene, John Travers, George Lake, Henry McNamara, Robert Travers, Samuel Collins, Mathias Travers, Edward Griffith, Alexander Maxwell, Justices. 1814 — James Chaplain, Matthew Travers, James Hooper, Richard Patti- son, John Lynch, Michael Lucas, James Williams, Matthew Keene, Frederick Bennett, Edward Griffith, John Travers, Alexander Maxwell, Thomas Pitt, Thomas Eccleston, Samuel Keene, John Travers, Justices. • 1815 — James Pattison, Thomas Pitt, Thomas Jones, Matthias Travers, John Travers, Thomas Barnett, Robert Goldsborough, Henry C. Elbert. Richard Pattison, Daniel Sulivane, Samuel Keene, Michael Lucas, William Wright, John Jones, James Hooper, John Lynch, Levin Marshall, W. N. Nesbitt, John Williams, Henry McNamara, Valentine Insley, Jacob Wright, Wm. Andrews, A. Lowe, Justices. 1816 — Daniel Sulivane, A. Lowe, Robert Goldsborough, Richard Pattison, Edward Griffith, Samuel Keene, Jacob Wright, John Brohawn, Alexander Maxwell, Levin Marshall, John Lynch, Paul Conaway, William Craft, James Pattison, Michael Mitchell, John Williams, William S. Harper, Michael Lucas, Henry C. Elbert, H. P. Waggaman, William Andrews, Benjamin Todd, Justices. 1817— John Jones, W. N. Nesbitt, Robert Wallace, Thomas Jones, Thomas Ennalls, Justices. 1818 — Richard C. Keene, Thomas Ford, Henry Smoot, John Brohawn, Paul Conaway, James LeCompte, Thomas Ennalls, Edward Griffith, William Andrews, Justices. 428 APPENDIX 1819— Levin Marshall, William Flint, Michael Lucas, John Donovan, Solomon Kirwan, Justices. 1820— William B. Martin, John Donovan, Henry Smoot, Matthew Smith, David Higgins, Samuel LeCompte, George Lake, Joseph Evitt, Philip S. Yates, Francis Webb, James Thompson, Richard C. Keene, William Med- ford, Thomas Byus, James Carroll, James Pattison, Thomas Hill, William S. Harper, Henry Clift, William Byus, Henry Keene, Peter Harrington, Ezekiel Wheatley, John Brohawn, Samuel Sewall", Levin Woolford, William M. Robinson, Minos Adams, Justices. 1821— Levin Marshall, Edward Griffith, Wm. S. Harper, Thomas Hill, George Lake, David Higgins, Joseph Evitt, Samuel LeCompte, Philip S. Yates, John Muir, Francis Webb, James Thompson, Richard C. Keene, William Medford, Levin Richardson, Thomas Byus, James Carroll, James Pattison, Godfrey Deane. Henry Clift, John Willis, Job Breerwood, William Byus, Henry Keene, Peter Harrington, Ezekiel Wheatley, John Brohawn, Samuel Sewall, Jere Bramble, Levin Woolford, Wm. M. Robinson, Minos Adams, William Geoghegan, Justices. 1822 — James Cropper, John Travers, Thomas Hicks, George Graham, Levin Richardson, Samuel Rawleigh, James Carroll, James B. Travers, Eccleston Brown, Moses Geoghegan, Thomas Summers, Clement Mc- Namara, Francis Webb, WHIlliam Medford, James Pattison, Wm. M. Robin- son, Levin Woolford, Samuel Sewell, John Brohawn, Ezekiel Wheatley, Peter Harrington, Henry Keene, Justices. 1823 — Absalom Thompson, Thomas Lee, Daniel Barnes, James Cropper, Levin Richardson, Samuel Rawleigh, James Carroll, Eccleston Brown, Clement McNamara, Francis Webb, William Medford, James Pattison, Henry Keene, Peter Harrington, Ezekiel Wheatley, John Brohawn, Samuel Sewell, Levin Woolford, Wm. M. Robinson, Justices. 1824 — Reuben Lewis, James Hammersley, Thomas Walker, Herndon Haralson, Thomas Chapman, James Layton, Robert Hurley, John Douglas, James Houston, James Cropper, Levin Richardson, Samuel Rawleigh, James Carroll, Clement McNamara, Eccleston Brown, James Pattison, William Medford, Francis Webb, Henry Keene, Peter Harrington, Ezekiel Wheatley, John Brohawn, Samuel Sewell, Levin Woolford, Wm. M. Robin- son, Justices. 1825 — Samuel LeCompte, Thomas Breerwood, James Houston, James Muir, William Byus, Reuben Lewis, Moses Geoghegan, James Hammersley, George Graham, Peter Harrington, Thomas Lee, William S. Harper, James B. Travers, Thomas Hill, Thomas Hicks, Robert Hurley, Richard C. Keene, Ezekiel Wheatley, John Douglas, Francis Webb, John Brohawn, Jere Bramble, George Lake, Edward Griffith, Henry Keene, John Donovan, D. H. Barrow, Minos Adams, Eccleston Brown, Henry Thomas, J. Bennett, James Cropper, Clement McNamara, Daniel Cannon, Thomas Simmons, Levin Richardson, Thomas Jones, Joseph Evitt, Justices. 1826— Philip S. Yates, Benjamin Todd, Noah Dixon, W. G. Eccleston, APPENDIX 429 Joseph Nicols, Josa. Humphriss, Edward Wright, James Layton, James Muir, Thomas Breerwood, James Houston, WilHam Byus, Reuben Lewis, Moses Geoghegan, James Hammersley, George Graham, Peter Harrington, Thomas Lee James B. Travers, Thomas Hill, Thomas Hicks, Robert Hur- ley, Richard C. Keene, Ezekiel Wheatley, John Douglas, Francis Webb, John Brohawn, Jere Bramble, George Lake, Edward Griffith, Henry Keene, John Donovan, D. W. Barrow, Eccleston Brown, Minos Adams, Henry Thomas, J. Bennett, James Cropper, Clement McNamara, Joseph Evitt, Thomas Jones, Levin Richardson, Daniel Cannon, Thomas Simmons, Justices. 1827 — James Houston, W. G. Eccleston, Levi D. Travers, Matthias Travers, James Cropper, Thomas Hill, Philip S. Yates, Jos. Humpriss, Levin Richardson, Whitefield Woolford, John Douglass, Ezekiel Wheatley, George Lake, George Graham, James Hammersley, Levin Woolford, John Muir, William Byus, Edward Griffith, Minos Adams, Edward Wright, Joseph Evitt, Daniel Cannon, John Willis, Francis Webb, Jere Bramble, James Houston, John Donovan, Wesley Woodland, Isaac F. Williams, Qement McNamara, William Medford, James Thompson, Joseph K. Travers, Thomas Hicks, Thomas Chapman, Thomas Summers, William J. Ford, William Byus, James Carroll, James Corkran, Denwood H. Barrow, Stephen LeCompte (of L.), Lewis Ross, Thomas Barnett, Wm. Banning, Justices. 1828 — Matthias Travers, Samuel Sewell, Noah Dixon, Thomas Jones, Joseph E. Whittington, Fisher Evans, Elijah Tall, James LeCompte, Jere Bramble, James Houston, John Donovan, Wesley Woodland, Isaac F. Williams, Clement McNamara, William Medford, Joseph K. Travers, William J. Ford, William Byus, James Carroll, Samuel Corkran, Denwood H. Barrow, Stephen LeCompte of L., Thomas Barnett, Justices. 1829 — James Givin, Sr., Peter Harrington, Reuben Lewis, St. George E. Roberts, Jos. A. Humphriss, Wm. Geoghegan, Stephen Andrews, Nimrod Newton, Samuel L. Rawleigh, Arthur H. Willis, Eccleston Brown, Wm. D. Barrow, Jeremiah Bramble, Joseph Nicols, Elijah Tall, Solomon Kirwan, Levin Woolford, Uriah Medford, Fisher Evans, James LeCompte, James Houston, Matthias Travers, James Cropper, Philip S. Yates, Jos. A. Hum- phriss, Levin Richardson, Whitefield Woolford, John Douglass, Ezekiel Wheatley, George Lake, George Graham, James Hammersley, William Byus, Edward Griffith, William Byus, Minos Adams, "Edward Wright, Joseph Evitt, Daniel Cannon, John Willis, Francis Webb, James Houston, John Donovan, Wesley Woodland, Isaac Williams, Clement McNamara, WilHam Medford, Joseph K. Travers, William J. Ford, James Carroll, Samuel Corkran, D. H. Barrow, Stephen LeCompte of L., Thomas Barnett, Justices. 1830 — Henry C. Elbert. James Frazier, John Smith, John Spcdden, Hugh Neild, John Rowins, James Craig, Thomas Evans, John Tyler, Benjamin Slacum, Samuel Craig, Henry Keene, Henry Shenton, Matthew Smith, Jr., 43° APPENDIX Cassidy Rawlins, Daniel Follin, William Newton, Francis Webb, George A. Smith, Samuel L. Rawleigh, Reuben Lewis, Fisher Evans, Samuel Sewell, Clement McNamara, John Donovan, James Houston, William J. Ford, William Medford, Jere Bramble, James Cropper, Phillip S. Yates, Levin Richardson, George Graham, James Hammersley, William Byus, Minos Adams, Daniel Cannon, Justice's. 1831 — Chas. W. Reed, Samuel Pattison, Levin Jones, Joseph S. Hooper, John G. Abbott, Henry Cook, G. McBride, William Andrews, George A. Smith, William Newton, Cassidy Rawlings, Henry Shenton, Henry Keene, Samuel Craig, Benjamin Slacum, John Spedden, John Rowins, John Smith, Solomon Kirwan, Elijah Tall, St. George Roberts, Reuben Lewis, Fisher Evans, James LeCompte, Thomas Barnett, Lewis Ross, Joseph K. Travers, Clement McNamara, Thomas Summers, John Donovan, James Houston, Jere Bramble, William Medford, Thomas J. Ford, James Crop- per, Ezekiel Wheatley, James Hammersley, William Byus, Edward Wright, Daniel Cannon, Minos Adams, Justices. 1832 — ^James Houston, John Donovan, Jos. K. Travers, William Newton, Thomas Barnett, Levin Richardson, Hugh Neild, Cassidy Rawlings, Matthew Travers, Levi D. Travers, John G. AHbott, Solomon Robinson, Luke Mezick, Thos. L H. Eccleston, Solomon Kirwan, George Graham, Whitefield Woolford, Minos Adams, Edward Wright, William L Ford, William Byus, Henry Keene, James Hammersley, Samuel Craig, William Frazier, George A. Smith, Barzalla Street, Moses Geoghegan, James LeCompte, Nimrod Newton, James Carroll, Stephen Andrews, Thomas Summers, Samuel Pattison, Standley Richardson, Samuel Sewell, Wesley Woodland, W. G. EccTeston, Richard C. Keene, William Newton, Joseph S. Hooper, John Williams, Thomas Jones, Henry Keene, James Smith, Clement McNamara, William Andrews, Uriah Medford, John Spedden, John Collins, Eccleston Brown, Richard Tall, John Rowins, Timothy McNamara, Lewis Ross, Levin Keene (of H.), Peter Harrington, Michael Lucas, Justices. 1833 — William L Ford, William Byus, James Houston, John Donovan, George A. Smith, G. McBride, Barzalla Street, Henry Keene, James Smith, James Hammersley, Samuel Craig, John Newton, William Newton, Joseph K. Travers, James Houston, Uriah Medford, Minos Adams, Joseph Vaughn, Wm. Banning, Clement McNamara, Timothy McNamara, Lewis Ross, Fisher Evans, Samuel Pattison, Solomon Kirwan, Levin Keene, Elijah Tall, Nimrod Newton, John Newton, Samuel Sewell, Edward Wright, John Collins, Joseph S. Hooper, Thomas Barnett, William Andrews, John Rowins, James Carroll, James Muir, S. L Pattison, John Spedden, Levin Richardson, Whitefield Woolford, John G. Abbott, Eccles- ton Brown, Charles W. Reed, Henry C. Elbert, Henry L. McNamara, Benj. T. Street, Minos Adams, Henry Cook, Standley Richardson, William S. Hooper, Edward Wright. 1834 — Henry C. Elbert, Joseph S. Hooper, William L Ford, Samuel APPENDIX 431 Pattison, James Houston, John Newton, John G. Abbott, John Spedden, William Frazier, Eccleston Brown, Richard Tall, William Byus, John Rowins, James Carroll, George A. Smith, Barzalla Street, Stephen Andrews, Charles W. Reed, Levin Richardson, Standley Richardson, Minos Adams, Luke Mezick, Fisher Evans, Henry L. McNamara, Solo- mon Kirwan, L. L Pattison, James Hammersley, Samuel Craig, Joseph K. Travers, Nimrod Newton, Timothy McNamara, Solomon Robinson, Clement McNamara, W. G. Eccleston, Gardner, Bayley, Joseph Stewart, Thomas Barnett, Thomas Summers, Benjamin T. Smith, L B. Newton, Will Banning, James Muir, Reuben Martina, Hugh Neild, Uriah Medford, James Carroll, Stephen Andrews, William Byus, H. Winterbottom, G. Mc- Bride, William Andrews, Justices. 1835 — James Hammersley, Samuel Craig, Luke Mezick, Joseph Vaughn, Standley Richardson, L Pattison, Henry L. McNamara, Benj. T. Street, John Newton, Levin Ross, William Andrews, Thomas Barnett, John F. Eccleston, Solomon Kirwan, Fisher Evans, Archibald F. Reagan, John G. Abbott, H. Winterbottom, Elijah Tall, Levin Keene, James Carroll, Stephen Andrews, James Houston, Gardner Bayley, Edward Wright, Joseph VaugTin, James Muir, John Spedden, Will Banning, Devereux Travers, Samuel Sewell, G. McBride, Joseph S. Hooper, George A. Smith, Henry Keene, James Smith, Solomon Robinson, Reuben Martina, Jospeh K. Travers, John R. Creighton, Wesley Woodland, William Byus, Wm. L Ford, Levi D. Travers, William Finzle, John Collins, Richard Tall, Eccleston Brown, William Andrews, Lorenzo R. Wallace, Levin Keene (of H.), Justices. 1836 — John Newton, Joseph S. Hooper, Eccleston Brown, L B. Newton, John R. Creighton, Gardner Bayley, L. L Pattison, Fisher Evans, John T. Stewart, Joseph K. Travers, Nimrod Newton, Reuben Martina, Joseph Vaughn, C. W. Reece, William Frazier, James Houston, Solomon Kirwan, Henry L. McNamara, Lewis Ross, Luke Mezick, Minos Adams, Barzalla Stewart, Solomon Robinson, Richard Tull, Samuel Pattison, John Webb, Samuel Craig, Whitefield Woolford, Henry Cook, James Muir, Edward Wright, Benjamin T. Street, Levi D. Travers, Levin Keene, Standley Richardson, Levin W. Tall, Elijah Tall, Uriah Medford, H. Winterbottom, John G. Abbott, Joel Cornwell, William Medford, C. W. Reed, Jacob Wilson, Timothy McNamara, W. Woodland, Solomon Robinson, William Howeth, William I. Ford, Justices. 1837 — John Newton, T. I. Pattison, Fisher Evans, G. McBride, Gardner Bayley, Solomon Kirwan, Henry L. McNamara, Timothy McNamara, John Spedden, William Frazier, William Andrews, John R. Creighton, John G. Abbott, Joel Cornwell, James Higgins, John T. Stewart, Levin Richardson, Standley Richardson, Joseph S. Hooper, Levin S. Keene, James Smith, John Travers, Wesley Woodland, Luke Mezick, Edward Wright, Samuel Craig, William I. Ford, Barzillia Slacum, Joseph Hammersley, James Carroll, Solomon Robinson, John Thompson, William Medford, Lewis 432 APPENDIX Ross, Reuben Martina, W. E. Greene, Nimrod Newton, Brannock Moore, W. D. Lynch, Horatio Hughes, Thomas Barnett, Justices. 1838 — William I. Ford, John R. Creighton, Levin Richardson, Standley Richardson, Richard Tull, Minos Adams, John Newton, Gardner Bayley, James Smith, Levin L. Keene, John Webb, Brannock Moore, Elijah Tall, T. L Pattison, H. Willcox, G. McBride, Nimrod Newton, Nathaniel E. Greene, John Thompson, Reuben Martina, Charles A. Travers, W. Wood- land, Samuel Collins, Levin Marshall, James Dixon, James Carroll, John Rowins, Henry Cook, John Spedden, James Hammersley, Levin W. Tall, A. R. Wallace, Edward Wright, Devereux Travers, Arthur Bell, Stephen Andrews, John Rowins, William Frazier, Thomas Barnett, J. F. Eccleston, Barzillia Slacum, Horatio Hughes, Justices. 1839 — James Hammersley, Levin W. Tall, Gardner Bayley, John Newton. John G. Abbott, Solomon Robinson, James Carroll, Stephen Andrews, Thomas Summers, T. L Pattison, Charles A. Travers, Samuel L Meekins, William Andrews, Timothy McNamara, Samuel Craig, Devereux Travers, Samuel Sewell, Henry Cook, Minos Adams, Edward Wright, William Howith Barzillia Slacum, Levin Keene, Cain Hurley, James Rea, John D. Stevens, John Spedden, James Dixon, Alden B. Smith, Charles A. Travers, Wm. L Ford, John Keene, Wesley Woodland, William Rhea, Solomon F. Kirwan, Thomas Barnett, Will Banning, William Newton, Thomas Adams, Levi D. Travers, Travers Spicer, John D. Stevens, H. Willcox, John H. Hodson. Clement McNamara, H. C. Elbert, Mitchell Thompson, Eccleston Brown, Ignatius B. Newton, John B. Caulk, Richard Tull, Henry Shenton, John F. Eccleston, James Mowbray, Jr., Vincent Moore, Luke Mezick, Jacob Elston, William D. Lynch, Standley Richardson, D. W. Tyler, Travers B. Tolley, Brannock Moore, George A. Smith, Fisher Evans, Edward Thomas, Joseph S. Hooper, Justices. 1840 — Levin Richardson, Whitefield Woolford, James Dixon, Henry Shenton, John F. Eccleston, Samuel Abbott, Thomas Hubbard, John New- ton, Gardner Bayley, George A. Smith, John G. Abbott, James Rea, Solomon F. Kirwan, Samuel Sewell, John D. Stevens, Solomon Robinson, John Spedden, William Frazier, James Smith, Thomas Adams, Elisha Corkran, Horatio Hughes, William Newton, John B. Caulk, James Gould, Thomas Barnett, John G. Abbott, T. L Pattison, James Hammersley, Thomas Summers, Henry Cook, Edward Thomas, Mitchell Thompson, D. W. Tyler, Luke Mezick, Samuel Twilley, Cain Hurley, Thomas Breer- wood, James R. McKewer, Vincent Moore, Wesley Woodland, John Hooper, Standley Richardson, John B. Creighton, Henry C. Elbert, Lewis Ross, Minos Adams, William T. Parks, Algernon Thomas, Peter Harring- ton, Samuel Harrington, Robert Bell, Brannock Moore, Charles I. Smith, James E. Go'slin, William Rhea, Greenbury, Devereux Travers, George Tyler, Travers B. Tolley, Charles Corkran, Jeremiah Bramble, Justices. 1841 — Charles Corkran, Thomas Barnett, Whitefield Woolford, Samuel Craig, Travers B. Tollej-, William Rhea, Edward Thomas, John G. Abbott, APPENDIX 433 James Rea, James Gould, Charles I. Smith, Samuel Sewell, Uriah Medford, Daniel Cannon, John B. Caulk, Clement McNamara, George Tyler, Henry Shenton, George A. Smith, William McMichael, Brannock Moore, Fisher Evans, John Hooper, Chas. A. Travers, John W. Dail, D. W. Tyler, Richard Pattison, Richard Tall, Solomon Robinson, Henry Cook, Lewis Ross, Henry C. Elbert, John D. Stevens, James Mowbray, Jr., Elisha Corkran, Algernon Thomas, Vincent Moore, James R. McKiever, Samuel Abbott, Thomas Hubbard, William Newton, Samuel Twilley, Standley Richardson, James Hammersley, Minos Adams, Lewis Ross, Levin Rich- ardson, William Newton, Jeremiah Bramble, James Smith, John Spedden, Justices. 1842 — Henry Shenton, D. W. Tyler, Charles Corkran, James Rea, William Newton, John D. Stevens, George A. Smith, William McMichael, Charles I Smith, Samuel Twilley, Levi D. Travers, Wm. F. Geoghegan, James Hammersley, Standley Richardson, Marcellus D. Keene, James Gould, A. H. Penington, Henry W. Gray, William T." Parks, John G. Abbott, Brannock Moore, G. McBride, Henry C. Elbert, Solomon Robinson, Henry Cook, Thomas H. Ruark, Fisher Evans, Jeremiah Bramble, William Rhea, Edward Thomas, John Spedden, Lewis Ross, George Tyler, Minos Adams, Daniel Cannon, Clement McNamara, Algernon Thomas, Joel Cornwell, Elisha Corkran, Marcellus D. Keene, Richard Tall, Whitefield Woolford, Travers B. Tolley, Fielder Jones, James R. McKeever, Vincent Moore, Justices. 1843 — William Rhea, Henry Cook, John Radcliff, James Rea, Charles Corkran, Travers B. Tolley, Richard Tall, William Newton, John D. Stevens, John G. Abbott, Solomon Robinson, John P. Abbott, Samuel Twilley, Daniel Cannon, Vincent Moore, Samuel Craig, Henry Shenton, D. W. Tyler, John A. Radcliff, Richard Pattison, Clement McNamara, William Geoghegan, Caleb Griffin, James Mowbray, Jeremiah Bramble, James Gould, Fisher Evans, William McMichael, Whitefield Woolford, James Smith, Joel Cornwell, George A. Smith, Levi D. Travers, James E. Goslin, Fielder Jones, Charles A. Travers, Richard Pattison, Edward Brodess, Lewis Ross, Elisha Corkran, Algernon Thomas, James Moore, William Staplefort, Justices. 1844 — Henry Cook, John A. Radcliff, James Hammersley, Standley Richardson, William Newton, John D. Stevens, Henry Shenton, Fielder Jones, George A. Smith, Joel Cornwell, James Rea, Charles L Smith, James E. Goslin, William Rhea, Edward Thomas, Whitefield Woolford, Charles A. Travers, William Staplefort, Richard Tall, Jeremiah Bramble, James Gould, John G. Abbott, D. W. Tyler, Samuel Twilley, Edward W. Morris, James Moore, Caleb Griffin, Daniel Cannon, James Smith, Clement McNamara, Brannock Moore, Thomas J. Ball, Edward Brodess, Joseph A. Emondson, Samuel Abbott, Edward R. Goslin, Justices. 1845 — George A. Smith, Brannock Moore, James Rea, Charles Corkran, William McMichael, Elijah K. Hurley, Thomas J. Ball, Henry C. Elbert, 28 434 APPENDIX Daniel Cannon, Charles T. Smith, Edward W. Tull, William Newton, John D. Stevens, D. W. Tyler, Henry Shenton, Clement McNamara, James Gould, Edward W. Morris, Edward R. Goslin, William W. LeCompte, Robert Bell, Fielder Jones, Charles A. Travers, Robert R. Robertson, James Mowbray, James Moore, James Hammersley, Standley Richardson, Gardner Bayley, James Cooper, Richard Tall, Jeremiah Bramble, James R. McKeever, Thomas Barnett, John D. Brower, Fisher Evans, Charles W. Breerwood, Levin Mitchell, William Howeth, T. I. Pattison, Kendal Fooks, Horatio Hughes, G. P. Lake, J. L. Maguire, John Shoacre, John Webb, Stephen Andrews, Justices. 1846 — Thomas Barnett, John F. Eccleston, Richard Tall, Samuel Craig, William W. LeCompte, Robert Bell, Augustus T. Wheatley, Henry Shen- ton, James Cooper, Gardner Bayley, John G. Abbott, H. Winterbottom, James Hammersley, Standley Richardson, Nimrod Newton, John Webb, Edward Wright, Edward Tull, Whitefield Woolford, Timothy McNamara, Brannock Moore, John D. Bower, John Showacrc, J. L. Maguire, Robert R. Robertson, Kendal Fooks, Elijah Tall, James Geoghegan, G. P. Lake, William Howeth, James Smith, James Mowbray, Fielder G. Jones, John Webb, Devereux Travers, Algernon Thomas, Horatio Hughes, Samuel Sewell, Justices. 1847— Edward Tull, A. T. Wheatley, Robert Bell, Wm. W. LeCompte, George A. Smith, Fisher Evans, John Spedden, C. W. Breerwood, Robert R. Robertson, John Webb, William Howeth, John B. Leckie, Devereux Travers, James Cooper, Timothy McNamara, Stephen Andrews, Fielder G. Jones, Vincent P. Moore, Samuel Sewell, Standley Richardson, John D. Bower, J. L. Maguire, John Showacre, Brannock Moore, John T. Stewart, Gardner Bayley, William Newton, John D. Stevens, James Ham- mersley, G. P. Lake, Charles L Smith, Horatio Hughes, J. W. Henry, Thomas Barnett, Robert H. Muir, James L. Geoghegan, John B. Leckie, William Spear, Levin Craig, Richard Tall, Nimrod Newton, James N. Sherman, Justices. 1848 — Wm. W. LeCompte, Robert Bell, William Howeth, William Spear, Brannock Moore, J. W. Henry, Thomas Barnett, Charles Corkran, James Rea, Elijah Tall, Richard Tall, James Smith, James L. Geoghegan, John R. Shenton, Fielder G. Jones, J. L. Maguire, John Showacre, Gardner Bayley, C. W. Breerwood, Robert H. Muir, G. P. Lake, Nimrod Newton, James W. Sherman, Edward Tull, Vincent P. Moore, Robert R. Robertson, Stephen Andrews, Chas. T. Smith, Noah Abbott, John Roszell, A. S. Harper, D. W. Tyler, Samuel Hardican, A. T. Wheatley, James Craig, John W. Travers, Nicholas Langfit, Arthur Hughes, Thos. L Ball, J. H. Bell, Daniel Cannon, William Geoghegan (of John), Justices. 1849 — Samuel Abbott, Thomas R. Cook, Whitefield Woolford, James Craig, James P. Russell, Joseph H. Bell, Charles Corkran, James Rea, Wm. W. LeCompte, Robert Bell, John D. Stevens, Thomas L Ball, James B. Thompson, A. S. Harper, Thomas Barnett, Nimrod Newton, Noah APPENDIX 435 Abbott, Wm. M. Robinson, D. W. Tyler, Samuel Hardlcan, Patti- son, William Frazier, Daniel Cannon, Chas. T. Smith, John B. Leckie, John Webb, Daniel Robinson, William Newton, William Geoghegan, John W. Travers, George A. Smith, Charles I. Smith, James Hammersley, Nicholas Langfit, Arthur Hughes, John E. Roszell, Justices. 1850 — George A. Smith, Thomas I. Ball, James Rea, Charles Corkran, Charles I. Smith, John D. Stevens, Whitefield Woolford, James Ham- mersley, Joseph H. Bell, James P. Russell, D. W. Tyler, Samuel Hardican, Noah Abbott, James Craig, Wm. H. Barton, Nicholas Langfit, Wm. M. Frazier, Charles T. Smith, Daniel Cannon, James Smith, John W. Travers, William Geoghegan, Arthur Hughes, James B. Thompson, Henry Shenton, Samuel Abbott, Thomas R. Cook, James H. Radcliff, Daniel Robinson, W. T. Vickers, James Mowbray, Justices. THE GOVERNOR'S COUNCILi qr UPPER HOUSE OF ASSEM- BLY IN COLONIAL PERIOD, CHOSEN FROM DORCHESTER COUNTY. 1690-95 — Charles Hutchins. 1709-17 — Col. Thomas Ennalls. Recommissioned in 1715 by his Lord- ship and Lord Guilford, his Lordship's guardian. 1729 — Col. John Rider. October, 1763 — Charles Goldsborough. May, 1766 — Col. Henry Hooper. STATE SENATORS. First State Senator elected by the Electoral College under the State Government from Dorchester County. '^777-^?, — Robert Goldsborough. In 1783 he resigned on account of poor health, but was at once reelected to fill the vacancy with the re- quest that he take his seat whenever able. In November, 1784, he declined to accept his appointment. 1781-90 — ^John Henry. Also a member of Congress during the Revo- lution. Some State Senators were elected to the Continental Congress, and were allowed to hold both ofBces. 1791-95 — Charles Goldsborough, elected November 19 to fill a vacancy. 1801 — Charles Goldsborough, Jr. 1 The method of selecting members of the Council and the limited number chosen by the Governor did not always give each county a representative in the Upper House. Note.— From 1789 to 1836, when .State Senators were chosen by an Electoral College, and only six Senators to be elected from the Eastern Shore, every county could not have a Senator. The method of selection sometimes gave a county two Senators, while some other county had none. 436 APPENDIX 1811-15 — Charles Frazier. December 9, 1814; he resigned, but was reelected at once by the Senate. 1832-35 — Henry Page. 1837 — William T. Goldsborough, elected by the people. 1838 — Thomas J. H. Eccleston, elected by the people. 1839-42 — Wm. T. Goldsborough, elected by the people. 1844-49 — Francis P. Phelps, elected by the people. 1852-54 — Benj. G. Keene, elected by the people. 1856 — James Wallace. i860 — Charles Goldsborough. 1864 — Dr. Thomas King Carroll, who resigned. 1866 — William Frazier. 1868 — Washington A. Smith. 1870— Daniel M. Henry. 1874— Francis P. Phelps, M.D. 1878 — Clement Sulivane. 1884 — Henry Lloyd. President of the Senate. By the resignation of Governor McLane, became acting Governor in 1885. Was elected Gov- ernor by the Legislature January 20, 1886; term expired January, 1888. 1887 — Joseph H. Johnson. 1889 — Geo. E. Austin. 1893 — Joseph H. Johnson. 1897 — Wm. F. Applegarth. 1901 — Wm. F. Applegarth. 1 STATE CONVENTIONS. November 4, 1850 — Thomas H. Hicks, John H. Hodson, Alward John- son, Washington A. Smith. April 24, 1864 — Thomas J. Hodson, Alward Johnson, Washington A. Smith, Thomas L Dail. May 8, 1867 — James Wallace, Wm. T. Goldsborough, George E. Austin, Dr. Levin Hodson. LIST OF SHERIFFS OF DORCHESTER COUNTY AS FAR AS KNOWN. Prior to 1669 — Unknown. 1669 — Raymond Staplefort. 1675-77 — Thomas Taylor. 1678-80 — Stephen Gary. 1681 — Edward Pinder. 1682 — William Smithson, cousin of Lord Baltimore. 1683 — Stephen Gary. 1684 — John Woodward. 1685 — John Taylor. APPENDIX 437 1686-88— Edward Finder. 1692 — Thomas Cooke. 1696 — Walter Campbell. 1707-08— Covert Lockerman. 1709 — Roger Woolford. 1720 — James Hays. 1722 — Charles Ungle. 1726-28 — James Woolford. 1728-30 — Jacob Lockerman. Jacob Lockerman, son of Jacob Locker- man, appointed in place of Woolford, removed. 1731-33— Henry Trippe. 1734-36 — Peter Taylor. 1737-39 — Jacob Hindman. 1740-42 — Edward Trippe. 1743-46 — Thos. Muir. 1746-47 — Adam Muir. 1747-49 — Ennalls Hooper, Bartholomew Ennalls. 1750-52 — Bartholomew Ennalls. 1752-55 — Daniel Sulivane. 1755-58 — Charles Dickenson. 1758-61 — Hall Caile. 1761 — Moses Allen, in place of Caile, deceased. 1761-64 — Robert Goldsborough, appointed in place of Allen. 1764-67 — John Dickenson. 1767-69 — Robert Harrison. 1770-75 — Daniel Sulivane, Jr. 1775-76 — Robertson Stevens. 1777-84 — John Stevens. 1785-91 — Thomas Lockerman. 1791-93 — Charles Hodson. 1794-97 — John Tootell. 1798-1800 — Henry Lake. 1801-02 — Ezekiel Richardson. 1803-05 — Thomas J. Pattison. 1806-09 — Thomas Ennalls. 1810-11 — Joseph Ennalls. 1812 — John Newton. 1812-14— Thomas James Pattison. 1815-16 — Thomas Barnett. 1817 — Solomon Kirwan. 1818-21 — Thomas Breerwood. 1821-23 — Solomon Kirwan. 1824-27 — Thomas H. Hicks. 1828-30 — Nathaniel Applegarth. 1830-33 — Reuben Tall. 438 APPENDIX 834-3^— John G. Bell. 837-39 — James A. Waddell. 840-42 — John H. Hodson. 843-45— Wm. B. Dail. 846-48— Kendal M. Jacobs. 849-50 — ^John Richardson. 851-52 — ^Janies E. Douglass. 853-54— John E. Applegarth. 855-56— Robert Bell. 857-58— Wm. T. Vickers. 859-61 — Josiah Kerr. 861-63 — Alexander Woolford. 864-65— John T. Moore. 865-66— Alfred J. Mowbry. 867-68 — ^James A. Bramble. 869-70 — William R. Shenton. 871-72 — Edwin Dashiell. 873-74 — William Hurlock. 875-76 — Levin T. Dunnock, Jr. 877-78— Pollard S. Collins. 879-80 — Geo. G. James. 881-82— John W. Fletcher. 883-84— Thos. A. Melvin. 885-86— Luther P. Martin. 887-88— Edwin T. Mace. 889-90 — Theophilus T. Wheatley. 891-92 — Thos. B. Gator. 893-94 — Jos. O. Wright. S95-96 — Edward S. Phillips. 897-98 — Samuel E. LeCompte. 899-1900 — W. Lake Robinson. 901-02— John W. Mills. GOVERNORS OF MARYLAND FROM DORCHESTER COUNTY. 1797— John Henry, elected by the Legislature, Nov. 13. Resigned, 1798. 1818 — Charles Goldsborough, by Legislature. 1857 to November, 1861— Thomas Holliday Hicks, by the people. Henry Lloyd, President Senate, succeeded Governor McLane, and was JVoie.— The Sheriffs also appointed Collector of Taxes and bonded as such. APPENDIX 439 elected for balance of term by Legislature, Jan. 20,1886; term expired Jan., 1888. SECRETARY OF STATE FROM DORCHESTER COUNTY. 1886-93 — Edward W. LeCompte. w- COMPTROLLER OF THE TREASURY FROM DORCHESTER COUNTY. 1898-igoo — Phillips Lee Goldsborough. COMMISSIONERS OF THE LAND OFFICE FROM DORCHESTER COUNTY. 1869-84— Dr. William R. Hayward. 1896-1900 — William O. Mitchell. CLERKS OF DORCHESTER COUNTY COURTS. 1669 — Edward Savage, appointed; Hugh Eccleston. 1678 — William Smithson. 1681 — Thomas Smithson. 1687 — Samuel Smith. 1688-92 — Thomas Pattison. 1692- 1 710 — Hugh Eccleston. 1710 — Covert Lockerman. 1710-16 — Hugh Eccleston. 1716-20 — Covert Lockerman. 1720-32 — Charles Goldsborough and Covert Lockerman. 1732-38 — Charles Goldsborough. 1738-45 — Howes Goldsborough. 1745-66 — John Caile. 1766-77 — Richard Sprigg. ^777 — Nicholas Plammond. 1777-80 — John Caile Harrison. 1780-88 — Nicholas Hammond, resigned June 9, 1788. 1788 — Henry Dickenson, qualified June 11, 1788. 1788-1810 — Henry Dickinson. 1810-42— Ezekiel Richardson. 1842-44 — Ed\yard P. LeCompte. 1844-51 — William Jackson. 1851-79 — Francis J. Henry. 1879-1902 — Charles Lake. 440 APPENDIX COURT JUDGES FOR THE FOURTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT, INCLUDING DORCHESTER COUNTY. 1791 — John Done (of Somerset), Chief Justice; Robert Harrison, Moses LeCompte, Associate Justices. 1799 — WilHam Whittington, Chief Justice ; Moses LeCompte, Robert Dennis, Associate Justices. 1802 — William Polk, Chief Justice ; Robert Dennis, John Craig, Associate Justices. 1806 — William Polk, Chief Justice; John Done, James B. Robbins, As- sociate Justices. 1816 — William Bond Martin, Chief Judge ; James Robbins, William Whittington, Associate Justices. 1827 — William B. J. Martin, Chief Judge; Ara Spence, William Tingle, Associate Justices. 1836 — Ara Spence, Chief Judge ; William Tingle, Brice J. Goldsborough, Associate Justices. 1851 — Hon. Ara Spence, Chief Judge. 1854 — Hon. James A. Stewart, Chief Judge, Dorchester County. 1856 — Hon. Thomas A. Spence, Chief Judge. 1867 — Hon. James A. Stewart, Chief Judge, Dorchester County; John R. Franklin, Levin T. H. Irving, Associate Justices. 1878 — James A. Stewart, Chief Judge, Dorchester County ; Levin T. H. Irving, Ephraim K. Wilson, Associate Justices. 1879 — Hon. Levin Irving, Chief Judge; Ephraim Wilson, Chas. F. Goldsborough, Associate Justices, Dorchester County. 1884 — Hon. Levin Irving, Chief Justice, Dorchester County; Chas. F. Goldsborough, Chas. F. Holland, Associate Justices. 1892 — Hon. Henry Page, Chief Judge ; Chas. F. Holland, Henry Loyd, Associate Justices, Dorchester County. ASSISTANT COURT OFFICERS IN THE CLERK'S OFFICE OF DORCHESTER COUNTY COURT, AT PRESENT. 1892 — James S. Shepherd, Chief Deputy Clerk. 1894 — Edward P. Lake, Recording Clerk. 1894 — Samuel E. Dail, Recording Clerk. STATE'S ATTORNEYS, DORCHESTER COUNTY. 1851— Jos. E. Muse. 1852-57 — B. B. Goldsborough. 1857-60 — Charles F. Goldsborough. 1860-61 — Chas. F. Handy. APPENDIX 441 1861-62 — Chas. F. Goldsborough. 1862-67 — Geo. W. Jefferson. 1867-79 — Charles E. Hayward. 1879-87— Daniel M. Henry, Jr. 1887-91— John R. Pattison. 1891-97— Phillips L. Goldsborough. 1898-99 — James A. Higgins, appointed. 1899- 1902 — E. C. Harrington. REGISTERS OF WILLS. 1785-95 — John Goldsborough. 1823 — Wm. Washington Eccleston, elected by Joint Assembly, Decem- ber I. 1837 — William Washington Eccleston. 1838-51 — Thomas Holliday Hicks, by appointment. 1851-55 Mitchell, by election. 1855-57 — Thos. Holliday Hicks, by election. 1861-85 — Edward W. LeCompte. 1885-1902 — John W. Fletcher. SOME MEMBERS OF THE ORPHANS' COURT OF DORCHESTER COUNTY. 1845 — Thos. Breerwood, Charles Seward, Lewis Ross. 1848 — Thos. Breerwood, John W. Dail, Algernon Thomas. 185 1 — James Dixon, James Thompson, L. H. Ross. 1855 — John H. Hodson, L. H. Ross, Levin Jones. 1858 — L. H. Ross, Levin Jones, Algernon Thomas. i860— Wm. B. Dail, John W. Henry, Wm. W. Mace. 1863 — James Higgins, Jas. N. Sherman, John W. Woolford. 1866 — James Higgins, John W. Woolford, Josiah Carroll. 1867 — James Higgins, Samuel Pattison, Levi D. Travers. 1871 — James Higgins, Levi D. Travers, John R. Keene. 1875 — John R. Keene, Peter Harrington, Jas. N. Wrightson. 1879— John R. Keene, Peter Harrington, or Nicholas Langford, Daniel F. Ewell. 1883 — James Gore, Peter Harrington, Daniel F. Ewell. 1887— Thos. LeCompte, Jerry Linthicum, James M. Wrightson. 1889— Thos. LeCompte, Jere Linthicum, Geo. Abert Thompson. 1891— Geo. A. Thompson, Furman B. Clifton, Wm. H. Turpin. i89S_Francis J. Webb. James H. Murphy, Geo. H. Applegarth. 1899 — J. Hooper Bosley, Edward P. Smith, Thomas B. Hackett. 442 APPENDIX COUNTY COAIMISSIONERS AFTER CONSTITUTION OF 1850. May 18, 1852 — James Higgins, John Muir, James Cooper, William K. Travers, Fielder G. Jones, James Hammersly, John L. Willis. December 20, 1853 — Augustus T. Wheatly, Levin P. Cook, John T. Stew- art, Martin L. Wall, Hugh Maguire, James Higgins, December 7, 1855 — James Smith, Josiah Webb, William Kirby, Samuel Twilley, Benjamin Travers. January 11, 1857— William Kirby, Hiram W. Woolford, Martin L. Wall, Charles Johnson, Jos. H. Bell. 1858 — The same as 1857. April 21, i860 — Thomas Lambdin, Thomas J. LeCompte, John A. L. Radcliffe, Thomas R. Cook, Thomas H. Smoot. 1861 — The same as i860. 1862 — ^Jos. H. Bell, Nicholas Langfitt, John T. Moore. April 23, 1863 — Thomas Lambdin, Thomas R. Cook, Jos. H. Bell, John T. Moore, Nicholas Langfitt. 1864 — Dr. John F. Kurtz, Wm. K. Slacum, Wm. J. Donoho, Samuel P. Brohawn, C. W. Carroll. 1865 — The same as 1864. 1866 — Thomas Lambdin, James N. Wright, Wm. J. Donoho, Sylvester, George W. Phillips. 1867 — The same as 1866. 1868 — George H. Meekins, Robert B. Spedden, William Robinson, Thos. A. Willis, James M. Thompson. 1869 — Same as 1868. 1870 — James R. Wheatly, James M. Thomson, John Tubman, John R. Cook, Isaac W. Lowe. 1871 — The same as 1870. 1872 — James R. Wheatly, Samuel Higgins, Charles Lake. 1873 — Same as 1872. 1S74 — Kendall M, Jacoks, Charles Lake, William Spedden. 1875 — The same as 1874. 1876 — Thomas I. Jones, M. S. R. Fooks, John T. Hachett. 1877 — The same as 1876. 187S— F. B. Clifton, Thomas I. Jones, William W. Mace. 1879 — The same as 1878. 1880 — Solomon F. Kirwan, Levin J. Spicer, Robert B. Spedden, Nicho- las Wright, Jos. T. Davis. 1881 — The same as 1880. 1882 — Uriah LIurley, James F. Wheatly, Charles H. Seward, John W. Jones, C. C. Fallin. 1883 — The same as 1882. APPENDIX 443 1884 — R. T. Wright, Jeremiah Linthicum, Edward P. Smith, M. D. Howeth, James M. Andrews. 1885 — The same as 1884. 1886 — Levin A. Insley, Jeremiah Linthicum, Edward P. Smith, Daniel J. Vickers, William F. Snow. 1888 — Levin A. Insley, Wm. J. Payne, Samuel A. Lawson, Jas. N. Sher- man, Jere. L. Creighton. 1890 — Wm. J. Payne, Jas. N. Sherman, Samuel A. Lawson, Irvin M. Langrell, Jos. W. Brooks. 1892 — Jos. W. Brooks, M. D. Howeth, Wm. E. Davis, Jos. B. Andrews, Thos. R. Hubbard. 1894 — J. Wilson Dail, Francis E. Loomis, John M. Colston. 1896 — J. Wilson Dail, Francis E. Loomis, Rufus F. Noble. 1898— J. Wilson Dail, Rufus F. Noble, Jno. W. T. Webb. 1900— Geo. W. Woolford, Rufus F. Noble, John W. T. Webb. 1901-02 — James C. Leonard,^ John W. T. Webb, W. Richard Thomas, Geo. W. Woolford. PUBLIC SCHOOL COMMISSIONERS. "^723 — Rev. Thomas Howell, Col. Roger Woolford, Major Henry Ennalls, Capt. John Rider, Capt. Henry Hooper, Capt. John Hudson, Govert Lockerman, Parish Schools. 1845 — James Thompson, Arthur Bell, James Dixon, John C. Henry. 1857— Daniel M. Henry, E. F. Smithers, Robert Williams, Josiah Bayly, Wm. Stewart, of J., Barzilla Slacum, William Creighton, Treasurer. Sept. 1865 — Dr. K F. Smithers, President of Board ; Travers Spicer, John E. Graham, John G. Robinson, Robert F. Thompson, Secretary and Treasurer. Feb., 1867 — Dr. James L. Bryan, President of Board; Daniel J. Wad- dell, Jno. G. Robinson, Travers Spicer, John E. Graham, Joseph E. Muse, Secretary and Treasurer. April, 1868 — Risdon J. L. Smith, Dr. John E. Hooper, Daniel J. Waddell, Thos. H. Keene, Charles Lake, John Tubman, Levin Jones, Robert B. Spedden, William W. Mace, Firmer B. Clifton, Dr. Wm. D. Noble, Edwin Dashiell, Kendal B. Parsons, appointed by Judges of the Circuit Court. Aug., 1869 — Edward R. Goslin, in place of Dr. W. D. Noble. March, 1870 — Wm. W. Mace, President of Board; Risdon J. L. Smith, Levin Jones, Cannon, Dr. Eugene Hodson, Thos. H. Keene, Chas. Lake, Moekins, Dr. Geo. P. Jones, Dr. Geo. L. Hicks, Marshall, Edwin Dashiell, Edward R. Goslin. Jan., 1872 — Dr. Eugene Hodson, President ; Dr. Geo. L. Hicks, John Tubman. 'Leonard unseated by contest before the Court, Geo. W. Woolford seated. 444 APPENDIX Jan., 1874 — Dr. Geo. L. Hicks, President; Jas. R. Wheatley, John Tub- man. Feb., 1876 — The same Board. Jan., 1878 — Levi D. Travers, President; Dr. R. J. Price, Edwin Dashiell. Jan., 1882 — Travers, Price, Dashiell, Jno. N. Wright, Wm. W. Mace. Feb., 1884 — The same Board. Jan., 1886 — The' same Board. Jan., 1888 — The same Board. Jan., 1890 — The same Board. Jan., 1891 — Wm. W. Mace, Mace resigned; John M. Colston, Colston appointed to fill vacancy. Jan., 1892 — Edwin Dashiell, Jno. M. Colston, Wm. G. Smith, Irvin M. Langrall, James M. Robertson. Aug., 1892 — New Board^Geo. W. Woolford, Jas. M. Robertson, Irvin M. Langrall. July, 1894 — Robinson, Zora H. Brinsfield, Robinson resigned, Brins- field appointed to fill vacancy. Aug., 1896 — Wm. L. Rhoder, Rhoder appointed in the place of Brinsfield by Governor. Aug., 1898 — Martin J. Perkins, Wm. L. Rhodes, Irvin M. Langrall, appointed by Governor of the State. 1900 — New Board — Jno. G. Mills, Wm. G. Smith, Jas. M. Sherman, Irvin M. Langrall, M. J. Perkins, Geo. C. Insley, appointed by the Governor of the State. 1902 — The same Board continues, appointed by the Governor of the State. U. S. SENATORS FROM DORCHESTER COUNTY. 1789-97 — John Henry. 1813-16 — Robert H. Goldsborough. 1837-41 — John S. Spence. Thomas Holliday Hicks, appointed U. S. Senator by Governor Bradford in 1863 ; his appointment was ratified by the Legislature at the session of 1864. U. S. CONGRESSMEN FROM DORCHESTER COUNTY. December, 1777 — John Henry. 1785-88 — John Henry. ] 1806-12-18— Charles Goldsborough. 1855-59 — James A. Stewart. 1876-80— Daniel M. Henry. 1894 — W. Laird Henry. 1900-01 — Josiah L. Kerr, one session. APPENDIX 445 POSTOFFICES AND POSTMASTERS IN DORCHESTER COUNTY IN 1902. Aireys Z. H. Mowbray. Applegarth James Ruark. Bestpitch J- B. Wall. Bishop's Head Fred E. Ruark. Brookview Daniel J. Murphy. Bucktown Samuel Smith. Cabin Creek Abolished. Cambridge S. M. Moore. Church Creek Wm. Stewart. Cokeland L. J. Lankford. Cornersville J- Beckwith. Crapo James E. Andrews. Crocheron .• Eugene Crocheron. Dailsville Abolished. Drawbridge Mrs. Margaret Henry. East New Market Miss Geogie Melvin. Eldorado Mrs. Linda Stack. Elliott Alonza Moore. EUwood Jno. Richards. Finchville J- T. Wheatley. Fishing Creek M. E. Tolley. Galestown Samuel Collins. Glnckheim Golden Hill Jno. A. Dunnock. Harrison Abohshed. Hawkeye Abolished. Hills Point S. F. Spedden. Holland's Island Ollie A. Evans. HoopersviUe Wm. H. Dean. Hudson A. T. Barnes. Hurlock Wm. H. Stevens. James H. P. Spedden. Lakesville Melissie E. Insley. Linkwood F- H. Vincent. Lloyds Jno- Wright. Madison Wm. W. Harrington. Mount Holly Abolished. Reed's Grove Jackson. Reliance Mathew Smith. Rhodesdale Geo. W. Murphy. 5alem Chas. Brohawn. Secretary Cad. Howard. 446 APPENDIX Taylor's Island Edward L. Griffith. Thompsons W. H. Thomas. Toddville Wm. L. G. Robinson. Vienna Elias McCallister. Walnut Landing Abolished. Williamsburg Roland T. Anderson. Wingate Urim G. Wingate. Woolford Samuel W. Woolford. Wrights Geo. H. Applegarth. ROSTER OF VOLUNTEERS FROM DORCHESTER COUNTY, IN THE FIRST EASTERN SHORE REGIMENT OF INFANTRY MARYLAND VOLUNTEERS, ORGANIZED AT CAM- BRIDGE, MD., IN SEPTEMBER, 1861. FIELD AND STAFF OFFICERS. NAME AND RANK. James Wallace Col. John R. Keene Col. Francis P. Phelps, Jr Surg. Granville B. LeCompte ....Surg. Anthony Manning. .. .Asst. Surg. DATE OF MUSTER. Aug. 16, '61 Oct. 31, '61. Sept. 19, 61 Nov. I, '61. April I, '63 DATE OF DIS- CHARGE. Dec. 23, '63 Feb. 23, '65 Nov. 24, '62 Dec. 23, '64 Dec. 23, '64 COMPANY A. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. NAME AND RANK. John C. Henry Capt. Thos. H. Coburn ist Lieut. Clement T. Mowbray. ..2d Lieut. DAl'E OF MUSTER. DATE OF DIS- CHARGE. Oct. 3, '€1.. Sept. 19, '61 Oct. 3, '61... Oct. 23, '62 Aug. 16, '6 Aug. 16, '6 Discharged. Discharged. Discharged. ENLISTED MEN. NAME AND RANK. Airey, Andrew Pri v Anthony, Jno. H Priv. Alexander, Wm. I Priv. Applegarth, George W Priv. Armstrong, Wm Priv. Sept. 19, '61 Sept. 19, '61 Sept. 19, '61 Sept. 19, '61 Sept. 19, '64 DATE OF DIS- CHARGE. Aug. 16, Aug. 16, Aug. 16, Aug. 16, June 15, '62 '62 '62 '62 '65 REMARKS. Transferred Co. D, nth Md. Inf, APPENDIX Enlisted Men — Continued. 447 NAME AND RANK. Atkins, Levin Pr: Bamberger, Joseph H Pr Bell, Levin Pr Bennett, Hugh C Pr Blades, Chas. R Pr Blades, Chas. S Pr Botham, Levin W Pr Bradshaw, William E. S...Pr Bromwell, Wm Pr Burk, Jas. M Pr Cannon, Jas. E Pr Cantwell, Jos. H Pr Chance, Robt. A Pr Conaway, Robert A Pr Cook, Aaron G Pr Cook, Babylon A Pr Cooper, Jas. H Pr Cornwall, John S Pr Cummings, Chas. W. P Pr Cummings, John W. K Pr Dail, George W Pr Dail, Levin A Pr Dail, Levin W Pr Dail, Thos. J Pr Danielly, Henry E Pr Davis, Geo. M Pr Edgell, Levi S Pr Elliott, Geo. W Pr Fairbanks, Joshua M Pr Ford, Gustavas L Pr Ford, John T Pr (ieoghegon, Philemon Pr Haddaway, Dan'I Pr Haddaway, John S Pr Haddaway, Wm. H Pr Harris, William J Pr Hayman, James Pr Henrettie, Patrick Pr Hodson, Jos. H Pr Holland, Robt. B Pr Horseman, Jenkins Pr Howard, Geo. E Pr Johnson, Edw. K Pr Jones, William Pr Keiser, John L Pr Kirby, WaUer M Pr Lednum, Dallas Pr Lewis, Noah F Pr Marshall, Robt. S Pr Merrick, Algernon Pr Merrick, Lewis W Pr DATE r.v MUSTER. Oct. 12, '6i.. Sept. ig, '6i. Sept. 21, '6i. Sept. ig, '6i. Sept. 27, '61. Sept. 27, '61. Sept. ig, *6i. Oct. 3, '61... Sept. 27, '61. Oct. 3, '61.. Nov. 16 '61. Sept. ig, '61 Sept. 27, '61. Sept. ig, '61. Sept. 19, '61., Sept. 19, '61., Oct. 2, '61.. Sept. ig, '61. Sept. 27, '61. Sept. 27, '61. Sept. ig, '61. Sept. ig, '61. Sept. 21, '61. Sept. ig, '61. Sept. 27, '61. Sept. 19, '61. Oct. 3, '61.. Sept. ig, '61. Sept. 27, '61. Sept. ig, '61. Sept. 27, '61. Sept. 19, '61 Oct. 2, '61... Oct. 3, '61.. Oct. 2, '61... Oct. 3, '61... July 22, '62. Oct. 2, '61... Sept. ig, '61. Sept. ig, '61. Sept. ig, '61. March 7, '62 Sept. ig '6i. Aug. I, '62. Oct. 14, '61.. Sept. ig, '61. Sept. ig, '61. Sept. 21, '61., Sept. ig, '61. Oct. 3, '61... Oct. 3, '61... DATE OF DIS- CHARGE. Aug. 16, '62 Aug. 16, '62 Aug. 16, '62 Aug. 16, '62 Oct. ig, '62. Aug. 16, '62 Aug. 16, '62 Aug. 16, '62 Aug. 16, '62 Aug. 16, '62 Aug. 16, '62. Aug. 16, '62 Aug. 16, '62 Aug. 16, '62. Aug. 16, '62 Aug. 16, '62. Aug. 16, '62. Aug. 16, '62. Aug. 16, '62. Aug. 16, '62. Aug. 16, '62. Aug. 16, '62. Aug. 16, '62. Aug. 16, '62. Aug. 16, '62. Aug. 16, '62. Aug. 16, '62. Aug. 16, '62. Aug. 16, '62. Aug. 16, '62. Aug. 16, '62. Aug. 16, '62. Aug. 16, '62. Aug. 16, '62. Aug. 16, '62. Dec. 30, '62 Aug. 16, '62. Aug. 16, '62 Aug. 16, '62 Aug. 16, '62 Aug. 16, '62 Aug. :6, '62 Aug. 16, '62 Aug. 16, '62 Oct. ig, '62. Aug. 16, '62 Aug. 16, '62 Aug. 16, '62 Aug. 16, '62 REMARKS. Deserted Aug. 1, '62. Deserted Aug. 1 '62. Transferred Regt. Band. 448 APPENDIX Enlisted Men — Continued. NAME AND RANK. Miller, John H Pnv. Moore, John Priv. Mowbray, Jno. M Priv. Mowbray, Orville T Priv. Newton, Wilbur F Priv. North, Chas. E Priv. Paul, James H Priv. Paul, John I Priv. Paul, Leoni Priv. Phillips, Jas. R Priv. Richards, John H. O Priv. Robinson, Josiah F Priv. Robinson, Wm. T ist Sergt. Ross, Henry R Priv. Simms, Robert L Priv. Shehee, John H Priv. Shorter, Hayland Priv. Shorter, John Priv. Shorter, Wm. T Priv. Smith, Jas. M Priv. Smith, Hooper Priv. Smith, Joseph Priv. Snow, Thomas W Priv. Spedden, Martin L Priv. Spedden, Wrightson Priv. Stevens, Thos. W. A Priv. Stewart, Chas. E Priv. Straughn, Jas. W Priv. Sweed, Wm. B Priv. Sylvester, Isaac H Priv. Tarr, Wm. H Priv. Thomas, Chas. H Priv. Thomas, John Priv. Todd, William M Priv. Townsend, Wm. J Priv. Tucker, Thos. T Priv. Warren, Jos. W Priv. Way, Chas. H Priv. West, Geo. W Priv. Wherrett, Thos. H Priv. Winterbottom, Harrison T. Priv. Woodrow, Wm. E Priv. DATE OF MUSTER. Oct. 2, Sept. 27, Sept. 19, Sept. ig, Sept. ig, Sept. 27, Oct. 14, Sept. 19, Sept. 19, Sept. 30, Sept. 21, Sept. 19, Sept. 19, Sept. 19, Oct. 2, ' Sept. ig, Oct. 28, Oct. 21, Oct. 19, Sept. 19, Sept. 19, Sept. 19, Sept. 19, Sept. 30, Sept. 30, Sept. 19, Jan II, ' Sept. ig, O^t. 3, ' Oct. 28, Sept. 19, Sept. 19. Nov. 22, Sept. 19, Oct. 12, Oct. 3, ' Sept. 28, Oct. 22, Sept. 27, Sept. IP, Sept. ig, Sept. 19, '61.. '61. '61. '61. '61. '61. '61. •61. '61.. '61. 61.. '61. •61. '61. 61... , '61. '61. '61.. '61.. '61.. '61. '61. '61. '61. '61. '61. 62... '61. 61... '61.. '61. '61.. •64. '61. '61.. 61 .. '61. '61.. •61. '61. . '61. , '61. DATE OF DIS- CHARGE. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Sept. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Oct. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. '62. '62. '62. '62. 64. '62. '62. '62. '62. '62. '62. '62. 64... '62. '62. '62. '62. '62. •'62. Transf. N. C. Staff. See Roster Co. B. Deserted Aug. i, '(>2, Died Mar. 28, '62. No further record. A. G. O. War Dept. APPENDIX 449 COMPANY B. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. NAME AND RANK. John E. Graham Capt. William T. Robinson, .ist Lieut. Geo. B. Hart ist Lieut. John W. Conner 2d Lieut. Wm. J. Robinson 2d Lieut. DATE OF MUSTER. Oct. 4, '61.. Sept. 19, '61 Sept. 20, '61 April 18, '62 Oct. 4, '61.. DATE OF DIS- CHARGE. Oct. 4. '64.. Oct. 4, '64.. April 10, '6z Oct. 4, '64.. April 10, '6. Ent'd as Sergt., promoted to TSt Lieut. Resigned. Resigned. ENLISTED MEN. NAME AND RANK. Adams, Jas. R. W Corp. Andrews, Isaac T Priv. Andrews, Robert Priv. Ash, Henry Priv. Andrews, Francis E Priv. Andrews, Samuel Priv. Bell, Gustavas Priv. Bramble, Goodman Priv. Bramble, Levi T Priv. Cannon, Clement C. ..1st Sergt. Christopher, Rob' rt R Sergt. Cooper, Henry H Corp. Cannon, Valentine Priv. Cusick, James S Priv. Cannon, Aarcn Priv. Baton, Noah Priv. Dean, George \V Priv. Denny, Jacob Priv. Denny, Wm. A Priv. Dean, William Priv. Elliot, John W Priv. Fish, Francis M Mus. Fisher, John Priv. Fisher, George Priv. Fooks, Nehemiah Priv. Hay ward, Asbury S Sergt. Harvey, William >^orp. Hardiean, David Corp. Hayman, Jas. II Corp. 29 DATE OF MUSTER, Sept. Oct. Nov. Sept. Oct. Oct. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Oct. Sept. Sept. Sept. Oct. Sept. Nov. 20, '61. I, '61.. 12, '61 . 20, '61. S, '61... 5, '61... 20, '61. 20, '61. 20, '61. 20, '61. 29, '61. 20, '61 . ?g, '61 . 20, '61. 29, '61. 4, '61... 29, '61. 29, '61. 29, '6i. 6, '61... 20, '61. 14, '62. Sept. 20, '61. Sept. 29, '61. Aug. 13, '62. Sept. 20, '61. Sept. 20, '61. Sept. 20, '61. Oct. 4, '64... Oct. 4, '64... June 15, '65. Oct. 4, '64... Oct. 4, '64... Oct. 4, '64... Aug. 13, '62 ! June 15, '65. DATE OF DIS- CHARGE. Oct. 4, Oct. 4, Oct. 4, Oct. 4, '64. Oct. 4. Oct. 4, Oct. 4, Oct. 4, Oct. 4, Oct. 4. Oct. 4, Oct. 4, Sept. 5, '63. Oct. 4. Oct. 4, June 27, June IS, ■64.. '64.. '62. '65. REMARKS. Died. Wounded in action. Deserted. Deserted Died. Died May 4, '64. Transferred Co. D, nth Md. Inf. Transferred Co. D, nth Md. Inf. Transferred Co. D, nth Md. Inf. Wounded in action. 450 APPENDIX Enlisted Men— Continued. NAME AND RANK. DATE OF MUSTER. Ifayman, Jos. J Priv. Hobbs, Perry H Priv. Ingersol, Geo. E Priv. Insley, John E Priv. Insley, Marcellus H Priv, Insley, Levin T Priv, Insley, John H Priv, Insley, James M Priv. Jones, Jas. W Priv. Johnson, Benj Priv. Jones, VVm. P Sergt. Jones, Alfred R Priv. Jones, George H Priv. Jones, Sol. W Priv. Johnson, John T Priv. Johnson, Richard M Priv. Kenner, Geo. D Priv. Kirwin, Andrew W Priv. Langrell, Henry W Priv. Langrell, Job Priv. Mills, Joseph A Sergt. Mills, James E Corp. Mills, John R Priv. Mills, Robert R Priv. Moore, Oliver S Priv. Murphy, Edward Priv. Merideth, Amos Priv. Murphy, Isaac Priv. Moore, Dennis D Priv. Plummer, Varden R Mus. Pritchett, Edward Priv. Pritchett, William T Priv. Pritchett, Henry C Priv. Pritchett, Edward W Priv. Penn, George, W Priv. Robinson, W'm. H Sergrt. Roberts, John T Priv. Riggin, Henry I Priv. Robinson, John Priv. Ruark, Major T Priv. Robinson, James K. P Priv. Ruark, Wm. T Priv. Ross, Levin W Priv. Ruark, Henry E Priv. Robinson, Jos. B Priv.l Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Sept Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. ^ept. Sept. Dec. Oct. Oct. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Oct. Aug. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. 13, '62. 13. '62. 26, '62. ly, '62. 27, '62. . 20, '61.. 20, '61. 20, '61 . 20, '61. 20, '61. 20, '6i. 20, '6i. 20, '61 . , 20, '61. 20, '61., 29, '61.. 20, '61 . . 2g, '61., 20, '61.. 29, '61.. 20, '61.. 20, '61 . . 20, '61 . . 29, '61 . . 29, '61.. 20, '61.. 20, '61 . . 20, '61 . . 20, '61.. 5, '62... 31, '61. 31, '61. 20, '61 . 20, '61. 20, '61 . 20, '61. 3, '61... 13. '62. 20, '61. 20, 61 . 20 '61. 20, '6i. 20, '61. 29, '61. 18, '62. DATE OF DIS- CHARGE. June 15, '65. June IS, '65. May IS, '65.. Nov. I, '64. Oct. 4, '64.. Oct. 4, '64.. Oct. 4, '64.. Oct. 4, '64. Oct. 4, '64. Oct. 4, '64. Oct. 4, '64. Oct. 4, '64. Oct. 4, '64. Oct. 4, '64. Oct. 4, '64. Oct. 4, '64. Oct. 4, '64. Oct. 4, '64. Oct. 4, '64. Oct. 4, '64. June IS, '65. Oct. 4, '64. Oct. 4, "64. Oct. 4, '64.. Oct. 4, '64. . June IS, '65. Oct. 4, '64. . Oct. 4, '64.. Oct. 4, '64. . Oct. 4, '64.. Oct. 4, '64.. Oct. 4, '64.. June IS, '6s. Transferred Co. D, nth Md. Inf. Transferred Co. E, nth Md. Inf. Transferred Co. D, nth Md. Inf. Transferred Co. D. nth Md. Inf. Died. Died. Killed in action. Deserted July 2, '63. Deserted. Died. Deserted July 2, '63. Deserted. Transferred Co. D, nth Md. Inf. Killed in action. Died. Deserted. Transferred Co. D, nth Md. Inf. Transferred Regt. Band. APPENDIX 451 Enlisted Men — Continued. NAME AND RANK. Stewart, Wm. T Corp. Stephens, George ....Teamster. Smith, VVm. H Priv. Stewart, Thos. J Priv. Sinclair, Chas. F Priv. Tall, Joseph A Priv. Todd, Levin Priv. Taylor, Samuel Priv. Truitt, Robert Priv. Todd, Henry W Priv. Todd, Jacob W Priv. Todd, Albert Priv. Willey, George W Corp. VV'illey, Henry T Priv. Willey, Robert W Priv. Woodland, John H Priv. Willey, Solomon Priv. Woodland, Solomon W Priv. Willey, Henry Priv. Willey, Peter Priv. Willey, Goodman Priv. Wonderley, John Priv. Willey, Uriah A Priv. Wingate, Gilbert B Priv. DATE OF MUSTER. Oct. 31, '61. May 10, '6j. Sept. 20, '61. Aug. 27, '62. Sept. 29, '61. Sept. 29, '61. Sept. 29, '61. Aug. 30, '62. Sept. 20, '61.. Sept. 20, '61.. sept. 20, '61.. Sept. 20, '61,. Sept. 20, '61.. Sept. 20, '61.. Sept 20, '61.. Sept 20, '61.. Sept. 20, '61.. Sept. 20, '61.. Sept. 20, '61.. Sept. 20, '61.. Oct. II, '6t... Oct. I, '61.... Aug. 27, '62.. Sept. 20, '61 . . DATE OF DIS- CHARGE. July 17, '65. Mar. 8, '65. Oct. 4, '64... June 15, '65. Oct. 4, '64... Oct. 4, '64... Oct. 4, '64... June 15, '65.. Oct. 4. Oct. 4, Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. 4, Oct. 4, Oct. 4. Oct. 4, Oct. 4, Oct. 4, Oct. 4. REMARKS. Vet. Transferred Co. D, nth Md. Inf. Transferred Co. E, nth Md. Inf. Transferred Co. E, nth Md. Inf. Deserted. Died, Nov. 8, '63. Deserted, June 27, '63. Deserted. COMPANY C. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. NAME AND RANK. John R. Keene Capt. John E. Rastall Capt. Willam R. Tall ist Lieut. Wm. A. Bailey ist Lieut. Wm. H. Willis 2d Lieut. DATE OF MUSTER. Oct. 31, '61. Sept. 21, '61 Sept. I, '61. Oct. 31, '61. Sept. I, '61. DATE OP DIS- CHARGE. Feb. 23, '65 Oct. 31, '64 Oct. 16, '63 Oct. 31, '64 Nov. 2, '64. REMARKS. See Roster, Field and Staff. Out of service. Ent'd as 2d Lieut. promoted ist Lieut. Dec. 8, '63. Ent'd as Priv., promoted Sergt. 2d Lieut. Jan. 14. '64. 452 APPENDIX ENLISTED MEN. NAME AND RANK. Arnold, Samuel A Priv. Abbott, Wm. W Priv. Adams, Levin Priv. Bennet, Jas. H Sergt. Bennett, Henry R Priv. Brohawn, Wm. E Priv. Burton, William Priy. Benny, Francis T Priv. Bailey, John R Mus. Busick, Jas. S. R Priv. Brannock, Jas. B Priv. Braerwood, Mace Priv. Bailey, Oliver A Priv. Booth, Thos. R Priv. Bell, William Priv. Bailey, Wm. C Priv. Collison, Wm. J Priv. Covington, Isaac N Priv. Craig, Thos Priv. Creighton, Wm. H., of W.Priv. Calender, Henry Priv. Collins, Benj. T Priv. Oct. 31, '61 DATE OF MUSTER. Oct. 31, '61. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Mar. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Nov. Oct. Oct. Oct. 31, '61. 31, '61. 31, '61. 31. '6i». 31, '61.. 31, '61.. 31, '61.. 19, '64.. 31, '61.. 31, '61.. 31. '61.. 23, '62. 31, '61... 31, '61... 31, '61... 31, '61... 4, '62... 31, '61. 31, '61. I, '64.. Calander, William J Priv. Corkran, John J Priv. Creighton, Wm. H Priv. Campbell, James Priv. Craig, William F Priv. Christopher, S. A Sergt. Cooper, Samuel J Corp. Dunnock, Levin T Priv. Ellis, William G Priv. Freeland, John T Priv. Frazier, William Priv. Gray, James T Priv. Hayward, Jos. W Priv. Howeth, Henry C Priv. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. 31, '61. 31, '61. 31, '61. 31, '61. 31, '61. 31, '61. 311 '61 ■ 31, '61. 31, '61. 28, '61. 31, '61.. 31, '61. ■ 31. '61.. 31. '61.. DATE OF DIS- CHARGE. July 17. July 17, July 17, July 17. July 17, June IS, Oct. 31, Oct. 31, Oct. 31, Mar. 24, Mar. 3, June 6, April 8, Oct. 31, June IS, Oct. 31, Oct. 31, June IS, '65. '64. '64. '64. '65. '62.. '62. '63. '64. '65. Nov. 27, '64. Oct. 31, '64. July 17, '65. Oct. 31, Oct. 31, Oct. 31, July 17. '64. '64. '64. '65.. Oct. 31, '64. Oct. 31, Oct. 31, Dec. 8, •64. '64. •64.. REMARKS. Killed in action. Gettysburg, Pa., July 18, '63. Deserted. Deserted. Vet. Transferred Co. E, nth Md. Inf. Vet. Transferred Co. E, nth Md. Inf. Vet. Transferred Co. E, nth Md. Inf. Vet. Transferred Co. E, nth Md. Inf. Vet. Transferred Co. E, nth Md. Inf. Transfered Co. F, nth Md. Inf. Transferred Co. E, nth Md. mf. Transferred Co. E, nth Md. Inf. Transferred Co. E, nth Md. Tnf. Transferred Co. I, nth Md. Inf. Died, June 15, '64 Died, Oct. IS, '62. Deserted. Vet. Transferred Co. E, nth Md. Inf. Vet. Transfered Co. E, nth Md. Inf. Died. Transferred Co I. APPENDIX 453 Enlisted Men— Continued. NAME AND RANK. Hobbs, Elijah B Priv. Hurley, Wm. C Priv. Hopkins, John W Priv. Harris, George Priv. Hurley, James Priv. Hill, Thomas Priv. Harrington, Wm Priv. Harper, Joseph Priv. Harrington, Rich. S Priv. Hooper, John W Corp. Hill, William J Priv. Horner, George W Priv. Jones, Jeremiah Corp. Johnson, Horace F Priv. Kinney, Oliver J Priv. Kinnamon, Wm Priv. Kemble, Tabert B Priv. Kinney, John T Priv. Laramore, John R Priv. Lambdin, Daniel B Sergt. Lambdin, Thomas R Priv. Lambdin, Jos. E Priv. Laporte, Charles St. John. Priv. Maguire, John W Priv. McMullin, Wm Priv. Meekins, Henry C Priv. Magraw, Josiah Priv. Moffatt, G. Stanley Priv. Moore, Thomas Priv. Moore, James W Priv. Meekins, John R Priv. McCotter, Wm. H Priv. Moore, Hiram W Priv. Moore, John J Priv. Medford, Seldon P Priv. DATE OF MUSTER. Sept. 30, '64. Oct. 31, '61. Oct. 31, '61. Oct. 31, '61. Oct. 31, '61. Oct. 31, '61. Oct. 31, '61. Oct. 31, '61.. July 6, '61.. Oct. 31, '61. Oct. 31, '61. Oct. 31, '61. Oct. 31, '61. Oct. 31, *6i. July 22, '61. Oct. 31, '61. Oct. 31, '61. Oct. 31, '61. Aug. 8, '61. Oct. 31, '61. Nov. 3, 62. Oct. 3, '61. Oct. 31, '61. Aug. 6, '61. Oct. 3:, '61.. Nov. 16, '62. Oct. 31, '61.. Oct. 31, '61.. Oct. 31, '61.. Oct. 31, '61. Oct. I, '64... Oct. 31, '61. Oct. 31, '61. Oct. 31, '61. Oct. 31, '61. DATE OF DIS- CHARGE. June 15, '65. July 17, July 17, July 17. Nov. 28, '64. Mar. 31, Oct. 31, Oct. 31, July 17, Oct. 31, Oct. 31, '63. '64.. '64.. '6s... Oct. 31, June IS, June IS, '65. Nov. 21 July 17, , '6i. '6s... June IS, '65. Oct. 31, Oct. 31, Oct. 31, Oct. 31, June IS, Oct. 31, Oct. 31, '64. '64. '64. '64. '65. '64. '64. Transferred Co. F, nth Md. Inf. Died. Died. Deserted. Deserted. Deserted. Vet. Transferred Co. E, nth Md. Inf. Vet. Transferred Co. E, iithMd. Inf. Vet. Transferred Co. F, nth Md. Inf. Vet. Transferred Co. E, nth Md. Inf. Woun'd in act., July, 63, Gettysburg, Pa., transf. V. R. C. Vet. Transferred Co. F, 2d Md. Inf. On War Dept. Roll as Talbert B. Kimble. Deserted. Vet. Transferred Co. F, nth Md. Inf. Transferred Co. E, iithMd. Inf. Transferred Co. F, IithMd. Inf. Vet. Transferred Co. F, nth Md. Inf. Vet. Transferred Co. F, IithMd. Inf. Transferred Co. F, nth Md. Inf. Transferred Co. F, nth Md. Inf. Died. Died. 454 APPENDIX Enlisted Men — Continued. NAME AND RANK. Madkin, Levin L Priv. Parker, John H. S Corp. Perdue, John J. B Priv. Richardson, VVm. C Corp. Richardson, Oliver S Corp. Rawleigh, Rouert W Priv. Richardson, Luke Priv. Richardson, Ldvvin J Priv. Richardson, Henry K. VV..Priv. Richardson, Robert P Priv. Richey, William Priv. Simmonds, Edward Priv. Shenton, John Priv. Slocum, Robert H Priv. Smiin, James H Sergt. Shenton, William Priv. Shenton, Robert Priv. Short, Samuel Priv. Stapleford, Samuel Priv. Tolley, Jeremiah Priv. Thomson, Samuel T Corp. Tall, Samuel N Priv. Thomas, Thomas Priv. Toiley, Samuel H Priv. Turner, John Priv. Vailliant. John Priv. Vincent, Noah Priv. Vickers, Charles Priv. Woolford, Thos. J Priv. Willey, John T Priv. Williams, Thos. J Priv. Waller, Manson J Priv. Wright, Thos. J Priv. Wells, David Priv. Whitby, Edw'd L Priv. DATE OF MUSTER. Oct. 31, Oct. 31, Sept. 29, Oct. 31, '61. Oct. 31, Oct. 31, Oct. 31, Oct. 31. Oct. 31, Oct. :s, Sept. 21, Oct. 31, Oct. 31, Oct. 31, Oct. 31, Oct. 31, Oct. 31, Oct. 31, Oct. 31, Oct. 31, Oct. 31, Oct. 31, Oct. 31, •-'Ct. 31, t»ct. 31, Oct. 31, Oct. 31, Oct. 31, Oct. 31, Oct. 31, Oct. 31, Oct. 31, Oct. 31, Oct. 31, '61. May 26, '64. DATE OF DIS- Oct. 31, June 15, Oct. 31, '64. Oct. 31, Oct. 31, Oct. 31, Oct. 31, June IS, June 15, '65. July 17, July 17, Oct. 31, Oct. 31, Nov. II, July 25, '64. '65.. Oct. 31, Oct. 31, July 17. JMar. 3, June 6, July 17, Ju'y 17. July 17, '62. '65.. REMARKS. Deserted. Transferred Co. F, iithMd. Inf. See Roster N. C. Staff. Transferred Co. E. nth Md. Inf. Transferred Co. E. nth Md. Inf. Transferred Co. E, nth Md. Inf. Vet. Transferred Co. E, iithMd. Inf. Vet. Transferred Co. E, nth Md. Inf. Vet. Transferred Co. E, nth Md. Inf. Died. Transferred Co. I. Died. Vet. Transferred Co. E. nth Md. Inf. Died, Aug. 27, '63 On War Dept. Rolls as Sam'l J. Deserted. Deserted. Vet. Transferred Co. E, nth Md. Inf. Died. Deserted. Deserted. Vet. Transferred Co. E. nth Md. It f. Vet. Transferred Co. E, nth Md. Inf. Vet. Transferred Co. E, nth Md.Inf. Deserted, May 27, '64. APPENDIX Enlisted Men — Continued. 455 NAME AND RANK. Woolford, Joseph Priv. Webb, James F Priv. White, Ebenez-T Priv White, Levin J Priv. Wallace, J. Robert Priv. DATE OF MUSTER. Oct. 31, '61. Oct. 31, '61. Sept. 29, 62. Sept. 29, 62. Oct. 31, '61. DATE OF DIS- CHARGE. Sept. 21, '64. Oct. 31, '64. June 15, '65. June 15, '65. REMARKS. Wounded in action, July, '63, Gettysburg Pa., transferred to V. R. C. Transferred Co. E, nth Md. Inf. Transferred Co. E, nth Md. Inf. Died. COMPANY G. In Company "G," recruited in Caroline County, at Federalsburg, a number of men enlisted from Dorchester County. Their names are here given. This symbol (*) indicates recruits enlisted from Caroline County. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. NAME AND RANK. •William H. Watkins Capt. *L. Shanley Davis ist Lieut. T. E. Mobrav 2d Lieut. DATE OF MUSTER. Oct. 31, '61 Oct. 31, '61 Oct. 31, '61 DATE OF DIS- CHARGE. Dec. 23, '6s Dec. 23, '65 Dec. 23, '65 REMARKS. ENLISTED MEN. NAME AND RANK. Daniel W^. Moore ist Sergt. *Joseph T. Kenney... .2d Sergt. Alcaid N. Flowers... ..3d Sergt. 'William W\ Keys.... .4th Sergt. William G. Wheatley .5th Sergt. James W. Davis Corp. "^William H. .Mburger Corp. Isaac W. Andrew... Corp. *Levin W. Cohee Corp. *Charles M. Davis Corp. *Govey Payne Corp. Jacob T. Mowbray.. Mus. John W. Payne Mus. John H. Stokes Teamster. * Andrew Zachariah . Priv. ''Andrew, Wm. E Priv. 'Banning, Asbury . . . Priv. DATE OF MUSTER. Oct. 31, '61 Oct. 31, '61 Oct. 31, '61 Oct. 31, '61 Oct. 31, '61 Oct. 31, '61 Oct. 31, '61 Oct. 31, '61 Oct. 31, '61. Oct. 31, '61. Oct. 31, '61. Oct. 31, '61. Oct. 31, '61. .July 6, 1S61. Oct. 31, '61.. Oct. 20, '62.. DATE OF DIS- CHARGE. Dec. 23, '65. Dec. 2z, '65. Dec. 23, 05. Dec. 23, '65. Dec. 23, '65. Dec. 23, '65. uec. 23, '65. Dec. 23, '65. Dec. 23, '65. Dec. 23, '65. July 17, '65. Dec. 23, '64. . June IS, '65. REMARKS. Transferred Co. F, nth Md. Inf. Transferred Co. F, nth Md. Inf. 4S6 APPENDIX Enlisted Men — Continued. NAME AND KANK. •Banning, Wm. H Priv. Bending, Alex. E Priv. Burke, James T Priv. *Cohee, Mitchell H Priv. Corkran, Wm. E Priv. Carroll, John W Priv. Collison, Levin R Priv. Charles, Ezekiel A Priv. Corkran, Sydnaham Priv. Corkran, Wm. J Priv. *Collins, James C Priv. Camper, Wm. H Priv. Davis, Solomon C Priv. Dixon, George S Priv. Emmerich, John W Priv. Flowers, Wesley Priv. •I-leetwood, Wm. W Priv. Gray, Wm. S Priv. Griffith, John S Priv. Hirt, WilHam T Priv. Hill, Jeremiah Priv. Hemmons, Wm. J Priv. Hines, James W Priv. Insley, Elijah Priv. *Jester, John F Priv. *Jester, James A Priv. * Jester, Mark A Priv. Jennings, John J Priv. Jones, Charles W Priv. Lloyd, Jacob W Priv. Lloyd, Edward Priv. Lloyd, Thomas F Priv. Lowe, WilHam T Priv. Lowe, Marvel R Priv. Lankford, David E Priv. •Lewis, Noah F Priv. Malloy, John W Priv. Moore, Charles F Priv. iUilligan, James Priv. DATE OF MUSTER. Oct. 25, '62. Oct. 21, '62. Oct. I, '62. Oct. 31, Oct. 31, Oct. 22, Oct. 22, •64 Oct. 22, •64 Oct. 31. '61 Oct 31, '61 Oct. 31, '61 Oct. 21, Oct. 2, ' April 4, April 4, April 4, April 4, April 4, July 6, Oct. 31, Oct. 31, Oct. 31, Oct. 30, Oct. 31, Oct. 31, Oct. 31, Oct. 31, Oct. 31, Oct. 31, Oct. 31, Aug. 18 Oct. 31, Oct. 31, Oct. 31, Oct. 31, 62. 63. Oct. 31, '61. Oct. 31, '61. Aug. 20, '64 DATE OF DIS- CHARGE. June IS, June 15, ■65.. '65. June 15, '65.. '64.. Dec. June 15, '65. Dec. 23, Dec. 23, Dec. 23, '64. June 15, '65. April 12, Dec. 23, June 15, June IS, July 17, ' Dec. 23, Dec. 23, '65. '64.. '65. '65.. 6s... Dec. 23, June 15, Dec. 23, Dec. 23, Dec. 23, Dec. 23, Dec. 23, July 17, '' Dec. 23, Dec. 23, '64.. '65. '64.. '64.. '64.. '64.. '64.. 65... Dec. 23, May 20, Transferred Co. F, nth Md. Inf. Transferred Co. F, nth Md. Inf. Transferred Co. F, nth Md. Inf. Transferred Co. C, nth Md. Inf. Transferred Co. F, nth Md. Inf. Transferred Co. F, nth Md. Inf. Deserted. Deserted. Transferred Co. 1 nth Md. Inf. Transferred Co. ] nth Md. Inf. Transferred Co. ] nth Md. Inf. Died, April 17, '64. Transferred Co. F, nth Md. Inf. Transferred Co. F, nth Md. Inf. Died, June i, '64. Transferred Co. F, nth Md. Inf. Accidentally drowned. Transferred Co. F, nth Md. Inf. APPENDIX Enlisted Men— Continued. 457 NAME AND RANK. Milman, Elijah S Priv. McCullough, John Priv. McColister, Benj Priv. Marine, Matthew F Priv. Malloy, John W Priv. Neal, Cyrus Priv. Pattison, John Priv. Payne, Wm. J Priv. Poundon, Robert Priv. Randolph, John W Priv. Stokes, George VV Priv. Smith, Chariss F Priv. Smii.., Levin Priv. Smith, Benj. C Priv. •Sutherland, John W Priv. Thomas, T. H Priv. •Trice, John H Priv. Truitt, Benjamin Priv. TuU, Jonn W Priv. Williams, J. H Priv. Williams, W. H Priv. Williams, Thomas F Priv. 'White, Henry Priv. •Wright, T. N Priv. Wright, Samuel J Priv. Wheatley, E. H Priv. Wheatley, Wm. G Priv. DATE OF MUSTER. Aug. 23, '61. Oct. 31, Aug. 23, Oct. 17, Oct. 31, Aug. 8, Aug. 8, Oct. 31, Oct. 27, Oct. 31, ^ct. 31, Oct. 17, Oct. 31, Oct. 22, Oct. 31, Oct. 31, Oct. 31, Mar. 30, '61.. '61. '62.. '61. '61.. '61.. '61.. '62.. •61.. '61. '64.. 62. '61.. •61.. '61.. '64. Oct. 17, '62. Oct. 31, Oct. 31, Oct. 31, Oct. 31, '61.. '61.. '61.. '61. Oct. 10, '62.. Oct. 17, '62. DATE OF DIS- CHARGE. July 17, '65. Dec. 23, July 17, June 15, •64.. 65... '65. June 15, July 17, ' Dec. 23, June IS, June IS, June IS, July 17, July 17, '6s. '6s.. June . . . . Dec. 23, Dec. 23, May 30, June IS, '65. Dec. 23, Dec. 23, Dec. 23, June IS, '6s. June 15, '65. Transferred Co. F, nth Md. Inf. Transferred Co. F, nth Md. Inf. Transferred Co. F, nth Md. Inf. Deserted. Transferred Co. G, nth Md. Inf. Transferred Co. G, nth Md. Inf. Transferred Co. G, nth Md. Inf. Transferred Co. G, nth Md. Inf. Transferred nth Md. Inf. Died Dec. 24, '63 Transferred Co. G, nth Md. Inf. Transferred, nth Md. Inf. INDEX. A. Aaron, John, 132. Abacoes, 32, 57, 171. Accomac County, 281. Adams, David, 216. Capt. Minos, 100, 252. John Q., 149. , 146. Rt. Rev. Wm. Forbes, 113. Addition to Outlet Pasture, 329, 330, to Fort Neck, 331. Ahatch whoops, 171, 174. Aherne, Philip, 44. Airey. Henry, 90, 120, 121. Thomas Hill, 133, 270. Ensign John Pitt, 203. Family, 270. Rev. Thomas, 270. Louisa, 271. Aireys, 90. Akers, Daniel, 163. Alabama, 261. Albeck, Philip, 254. Alford, John, 43, 59. Algonquin Family, 170. Altham, John, 21. America, 15, 16. :i8, 133, 300. American Commissioners, 395. Independence, 214. Party, 155, 312. Amotoughquan, 174. Amsterdam, 38. Anatchcoin. 37. Anderson, Thos. W., 271. John, no, 241. Curtis, 271. Wm. C, 271. Anderton, Francis, 173. Andrews, Wm., 253. Andrew, David, 93, 252. Capt. Richard, 213, 219. Andros, Governor, 48, 49. Anglo-Saxon, 267. Annamessick, 243. Annapolis, 50, 97, 198, 199, 200, 208, 209. 213, 217, 218, 221, 247, 251, 255, 274, 294, 303, 304, 312, 323, 326. 367. Anne Arundel, 187. Anti-Federalist, 145, 146. Antonine, 31, 361. Appiegarth, Wm. F., 115. Capt. Nathaniel, 252. 253. Archives of Maryland, 361. Ark of Avalon, 14. Armitage, 57. Armstrong, Francis, 31, 104. Army of the Potomac, 259. Arundel, Earl. 16. Asbury, Francis, 118. 133, 271. Asbury's Journals, 134. Ascom's Island, 203. Asheby, 294. Ashquash, Emperor, 174, 175. Assembly of Maryland, 99. Delegates, 413. Assistant Court Clerks, 440. Atlantic Ocean, 36. Auld, James, 343. Austin, Col. George E., 76. Avalon, 14, 19, 33. Babcoes, 174. Bachelor's Tax, 166. Bacon, Anthony, 384. Rev. Mr., 173. Baggott. Catherine, 55. Baker, Julius, 74. Baltimore, 74. 75, 83, 85, 86, 88, 90, 114. 118, 131, 149, 180, 198, 215, 244, 246, 251, 259. 270, 278, 304, 305, 306, 312, 316, 327, 334, 339. 3 -I I. 370. American, 146. Conference, 131, 180. County, 278, 338. Banks, Richard, 26. Bancroft, 18. Barbados, 293. Balligarane, 117. Barber, Rev. Theodore P., 326. Barge "Fearnought," 234. "Revenge," 234. "Terrible," 234. " Intrepid," 234. "Barn" Island, 234. Barnes, Wm., 2!;o. Barrett, Louis £., 76. James C, 77. Capt. Lemuel, 200. Barrett's Chapel, 118. Barren Creek Springs, 83. Baron of Baltimore, 14. Barton. William H., 165. Bates, Daniel M., 276. -Bayley, Josiah, Jr., 67, 68. A. Hamilton, 263. Josiah. 147, 149- Bayne, Rev. Thomas, no. Beaver Dam Range, 331. Beck, Sarah, 98. Beckwith. Henry. 45. Nehemiah, 234. Elizabeth, 365. Wm. P., 257. Bell, John, 249. 460 INDEX Belvoir, 330. Bennett, Frederick, 147, 148. Richard, 26, 27. Bentley, Richard, 31. Berkley, Governor. 26. Berlin, 298. Bethel African M. E. Church, 180. Billings, James, 94, 241. Bingley, C. V., yy. Bird, Solomon, 216. Birkhead, James, 326. Bishop of London, 109. Bishop's Head, 106. Blackwater River, 105, 142. Blenheim, 65. Bloodsworth Island, 106. Board of Commissioners, 26. Boehm, Rev. Henry, 134. Boehm's Reminiscences, 134. Bonner, William, 92. Boone (Whig), 153. Border States, 306. Bosley, Nicholas Merryman, 328. Boston Port Bill, 198. Bourk, Capt. Thos., 203, 206, 209, 210, 214. Bowdle, Wm. H., 76, ^^. Dr. Wm. J., 278. Bowman, Thomas, 44. Bozman's History, 367. Bradford, Gov., 313. Bradley, Henry, 42, 44. Bradston, Mary, 55. Braly, Col. E. E., 75, 271. Brannock, John, 55, 57, 58. Edward, 57, 59. Thomas, 365. Bray, Dr., 51. Breckenridge, 156. Brent, Giles, 24. Bridewell, 57. Bridgeworth, 95. Briely. Lieut. Samuel, Jr., 252. Bristol, 60. British, 251, 344. Brook, John, 42, 43, 47, 48, 49. 54. 55. 5°. 59, 60. Brooke Family, 272, 273, 274. Dr. John, 320. Robert, 26. Brooks' Creek, 38, 39, 60. Brookview, 93, 94. Brown, Samuel, 147, 332. Thomas, no. Mathew, 199. Benj. J., 180. Brotten, Wm., 216. Bryan, Dr. James L., 87, in, 256, 306. " Wm. H., 328. Brown, 93. Buchanan, 155. James, 392. Buckingham. Duke of, 13. Bucktown, 90. Burke County, 293. Burr, Aaron, 146. Bunker's Hill, 91, 92. Burton, Rev. T., 76. Bush, Celia, 92. Busick, James, 112, 113. Butler, Toshua, 216. Byrn, W. Wilson, 72. Byus, Capt. Joseph, 203. C. Cabin Creek, 175. Caile, Hall, 293. John, 167, 168, 293. Callahan, 76. Callenhaugh, Richard, 43. California, 158. Calvert, Annie, 14. Cecilius, 13, 16, 19, 33. Elizabeth, 14. Dorothy, 14. Francis, 14. Grace, 14. George, 13, 14, 16, 18, 21, 22, 23, 24, ^ 31. 45- Leonard, 13, 14, 19. Henry, 14. John, 14. Charles, 33, 35, 270. Militia, 321. County, 104, 160, 272, 320, 323, 335. Cambridge, 40, 41, 53, 54. 57. 60, 61, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 71, 72, 73, 74, 76, 78, 83. 87, 90, 91, loi, 103, 107, 109, 116, 126, 133, 134, 13s, 137, 141, 142, 143, 159, 160, 163, 164, 166, 167, 169, 178, 179, 203, 208, 212, 218, 221, 241, 248, 250, 251, 258, 262, 263, 267, 270, 294, 297, 298, 304, 305, 306, 307, 311, 318, 326, 327. 330. 331. 337- Academy, 267. Bar, 165, 305. Blues, 203, 209. Court House, 37, 49. Creek, 72. Camden, 229. Campbell, Walter, 40, 51, 56. James, 215. Capt. Zacharias, 203, 219. Camper, S. E. W., 166. Cannon, Daniel, 153. Canaday, Cornelius, 112. Capohowasick, 97. Capitals of Maryland, 29. Carman, Robert, 135. Carroll, Charles of Carrollton, 275. John Lee, 276. James, 276. Col. Henry James, 276. Thomas King, 276, 277. Dr. Thomas King, 276, 277, 278. Anna Ella, 276, 278. Edward C 277. Margaret Handy, 277, 278. Charles, 169, 198. Mrs. Thomas King, 114. B. F., 89. Caroline County, 35, 107, 143, 144, 209, 213. 259, 302. Caroline St. M. E. Church, 371. Carolina, 229. Carter, Jeremiah, 256. Cary, Matthew, 56. Hezekiah, 216. Castle Haven, 160, 163. Company, 203. Casten, Joseph, 44. Catawba Ford, 229. Catholic Church. 105. Catholics, 47, 116, 255. Cator, Joseph, 249. Levin, 366. Robinson W., 380. Caton, Thos. B., 75. Caulk, Ensign John, 203. INDEX 461 Causean, John, 69. Cecil, Sir Robert, 13. Cecil County, 99, 301. Chaplain, W. B., 152. ^ J. B., 153. Chalmers, John, 218, 219. Chaplin, Wm., 31. Chapel of Ease, 79, 80, 108. Chambers, Colonel, 353. Chamberlain, General, 210. Charleston, 180. Charles I., 15, 341. Chase, Samuel, 199. Dr. Thomas, 326. Chandler, Job, 26. Chantilly, 99. Cheeseman, William, 44. Chew, Dr. Samuel, 279. Cheeke, Edward, 44. Chesapeake, 19, 26, 31, 97, 104, 115, 161, 163, 175, 231, 247, 264, 303, 340. Chicago, 326. Chickawan Creek, 173, 174. Chicanocomico, 141, 159, 319, 320. Choptank Lodge of Red Men, 75. Chviptank, 31, 33, 34, 35, 39, 60, 63, 88, 174- Indians, 67, 172, 173, 177. Parish, 79, 81, 107. River, 163, 172, 173, 241, 251, 304, 311, 361. Christ Prot. Episcopal Church, 137, 270. Church Creek, loi, 102, iii, 114, 142, 241, 285. of England, 119, 304, 349. Church Old Field, 266. City Council. 316. Civil War, 157, 240, 260, 306, 312, 341, 349. Claiborne, William, 23, 24, 26, zy. Claiborne's Rebellion, 342. Clark, Daniel, 38, 39, 41, 59. John, 44, S5- Clarke's Outhold, 335. Clay, Henry, 150, 152, 315. Island, 106. Clarkson, Basil, 212, 213. Class Distinctions, 185. Cleveland, President, 307. Clerks of Dorchester County Court, 439 Assistant Clerks of Dorchester County Court, 440. Cloras Point, 163. Cockburn, Admiral, 247. Coincidence, 268. Coke, Dr. Thomas, 118. Collins, Elisha, 84. Samuel, 51. Thomas, 44. Collector of Internal Revenue, 298. Colbourn, John, 216. Colonial Militia, 335. Colored Race, 178. Cold Harbor, 263. Colston, Capt. Wm., 252. Rosanna, 271. Thomas, 142. Committee of Observation, 199, 208, 210, 213. Commissioners of Plantations, 23. of Parliament, 24. of Land Office, 439. Compton, 389. Comptroller of the Treasury, 298, 439. Confederate Army, 157, 263, 307, 406. Congressman Scott, 67, 68. Congressional Cemetery, 317. Continental Congress, 146, 206. Army, 210, 214, 219, 233, 239, 303. Coode, John, 46, 47. Cook, Thomas, 273. Babington, 273. John, 273. Anne, 273. Henry, 151. Cooper, John, 321. Copley, Thomas, 21, 48, 49. Lionel, 47. Cordea, Mark, 361. Cornwall, 13. Cornwallis, Thomas, 112. Corkran, James, 92. John, 93. Nancy, 93. George, 93. Joseph, 93. Francis P., 93. Cornwell, Isaac, 83. Corps Recruits, 236. Corvel, Peter, 217. Cottingham, Thomas, 216. Council, 22, 23, 24, 25, 33, 79, 95. of Safety, 199, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 217, 221, 359. Councillor Neale, 24. Cornwallys, 24. County Commissioners or Justices, 418-435. Commissioners, 442-443. Folklore, 189. Court Judges Dorchester County Court, 440. Coward, John, 241. Cradock, Thomas, 278. Craft, Judge, 83. Captain, 252. Craig, Mrs. W. Pinkney, 337. John Adams, 325. Tohn, 147. Wm. Pinkney, 325. James W., 402. Crapo, 10s, 340. Crawford, Robert L., 359. Creighton, Isaac, 132, 330, 331. Samuel, 250. Vernon, 286. Maria Louise, 286. Jeremiah, 250. "Mary A., 285. Crescentia. 16, 23. Crocket, Benton H., 83, 83. Cromwell, 26, 27. Commissioners, 27. Cropper, Edward, 216. John, 147. Cross Keys, 262. Crotcher's Ferry, 93, 94, 163, 267. Crow, Gourney» 165. Croxall, Alice, 13. Cullin, Jacob, 216. Thomas, 216. Gulp's Hill, 259. Cunliflf, Foster & Co., 167. Curtis, Rt. Rev. Alfred F., 116. Custom House, 82. Cut, Wilson Jack, 55. D. Dail, Wm. B., 1S3. John W., 153, 156. Daffin, Joseph, 200, 266. Dalton, James, 44. 462 INDEX Dame's Quarter, 338. Darnell, Henry, 169. '"Darcy," Osbert, 283. Davis, Jeff., 262. John, 45. William, -j^. Solomon, 100, 252. Benjamin, 216. David, 234. Davidson, Capt. Hunter, 244. Dawson, Capt. Anthony, 40, 42, 44, 45, 47, S9, 64. John, 44. Ralph, 274. Daysone, Wm., 45. Dean, James A., 80. Wm. H., 115. Delaware, 35, 36, 63, 72, 88, 94, 116, 276, 29S, 367, 372. Delawares, 171. Delaware Bay, 35, 247. River, 35. Democrat Party, 155, 158. Demolished Chapel, 266. Demaire, John, 44. Dennis, L. P., 150, 151. Robert, 142, 147. Density of Population, 268. Denton, 141. Denwood Family, 281. Levin, 322. Mary, 270. Deputy Assistant Commissary, 220. deVnlin, Emily J., 380. Dickenson, Chas., 40, 166, 169. Henry, 141, 142. John, 197, 203, 212. Colonel, 236. Dickinson College, 372, 395. Dickens, John, ii8. Diocese of Lincoln, 341. Disharoom, Levin, 46. Dividing Creek, 96. Dixon, Lee, 75. Doatloan, Esther, 361. Dorchester County, 33, 35, 36, zi- 38, 40. 41, 42, 43, 45, 46, 51, 52, S3, 54, 57, 60, 61, 63. 72. 79. 82, 84, 88, 89, 90, 93, 95, 97, 98, 99, 100, 102, 106, 108, 113, 115, 116, 119, 132, 134. 135. 137, 141. 142, 143. 144. 146. 147. 154. 157. 159. 160, 162, 164, 165, 166, 167, 169, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 177, 180, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 190, 194, 197, 199, 200, 209, 210, 214, 215, 217, 219, 220, 229, 231, 239, 240, 242, 244, 245, 246, 247, 249, 252, 257, 262, 266, 269, 270, 273, 276, 277, 293, 298, 299, 301, 308, 309, 310, i\y, 320, 323. 330, 336. 339, 343. 352, 354, 359, 361, 365. 366, 373. Town, loi, 109. Parish, loi, 108, 109, no, in, 112, 113. Countians, 215. Confederate Soldiers, 259, 260, 261. Era, 306. Rent Rolls, 319. Standard, 297, 298. Militia, 82, 100. Dorrington, Wm., 45, 59, 173. Dorsey Family, 282. Levin, 82, 284. Chas. H., 285. John, 28c;. John R., 285. Edward, 283. 285. Dorsey, James L.. ni, zi Saliie Webster, 114. Sallie, 285. Mary V., 285. Frank S., 285. Dougherty, Father, 78. Douglass, John, 150, 156. Dover, 119, 267. Ferry, 93. Drain, Wm. F., 285. Rev. Shepherd, Drake, John, 327. Drawbridge, 352. Dryden, Samuel, 216. Dryson, John, 55. Dubley, Elakim, 216. Duell, James, 44. Duke of Athol, 393. Dulany, Daniel, 198. D'Unger, Dr., 76. Dunnock. Job, 115. Mathias, 115. John A., 115. K. Earl of Salisbury, 13. of Stafford, 15. Eastern Shore, 94, 98, 107, 108, 115, 131, 172, 178, 181, 186, 18S, 189, 214, 216, 232, 240, 245, 264, 324, 349, 359, 361, 367. Indians, 176. Treasurer, zio, 211. East New Market, 87, 88, 91, 92, 130, 143, 311- ^ High School, 87. Easton, n6, 248, 305, 393. Eccleston, Captain, 252. Dr. John, 287. Elizabeth K., 271. Family, 286. Hugh, 48, 53, 64, 365. James, 271. John, 147, 200, 211, 274. John F., 325. J. F., isi. J. L H., 151. J. R.. 151- Milcah Airey, 325. Rebecca, 392. Thomas F., 152, 253, 270, 271. Thomas H., 325. Thomas L. H., 149, 150. (Whig), 153. Washington, 148. William, 147, 149. Eden, Governor, 198, 204. Robert, 40. Edmondson, Dr., 88. Elizabeth, 270. James, 89. John, 89. Joshua, 61, 81. Samuel, 250. William, 241. William Winder, Sr., 328. Egg, James, 44. Elbert, Henry C, 150. Eldon, 322. Elk River, 231. Elliott, Lieut. Joseph, 252. Capt. Henry, 171. Elliott's Island, 106, 142. INDKX 463 Ellis, Jessie, 216. Levi, 216. Ellyson, Sheriff, 24. Elsing, 285. Elzey, Col. Arnold, 262. Embury, Philip, 117. England, 13, 15, 17, 18, 19, 21, 23, 24, 25. 34, 41, 64, 66, 68, yZy 96, 108, 112, 118, 144, 167, 183, 184, 186, 199, 240, 270, 282, 293, 300, 327, 335, 341, 384. English, 174, 175, 176, i86, 189, 198, 301. Ennalls, Andrew Skinner, 270. Anne, 289. Annie Smith, 292. Bartholomew, 41, 42, 44, 59, 95, 133, 134, 160, 203, 288, 325. Bartholomew, Jr., 145. Camp-ground, 87. Chapel, 134. Elizabeth, 294. Family, 288. Family Notes, 291. Henry, 50, 61, 133, 134, 135, 254, 255, 323. James 85, 204. John, 85, 160, 199, 200, 203, 204, 212, 219, 400. Joseph, 147, 148, 150, 203, 212, 266, 273, 274, 292, 293, 320. Joseph, Jr., 219. Mary, 274, 292, 293. Rebecca, 293. Thomas, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 54, J74, 175, 197, 200, 203, 270, 293, 322. William. 40, 81, 197, 198. joo, 274, 292, 331. Episcopal Church, 137, 336, 337. Europe, 66. Evangeline, 164. Evans. Captain, 251. John, 208. William, 44. Ewell, Dr. Daniel, 83. F. Family History, 269. Fallin, Daniel, 219. Major, 204, 208, 210. Wm., 244. Father White, 21-24. Falcom, ist Lieut. Burket, 206. Federal Army, 157, 306, 307, 313. Constitution, 85. Gazette, 146. Union, 258. Federalists, 145, 146, 147. Federalsburg, 95, 107, 143, 267, 368. Felton, John, 31. Fcndal, Governor, 31. Ferguson, Ensign Philip, 203. Fielding, Catherine, 55. James, 44. Fillmore, Millard, 15s, 396. Finley, Maj. Ebenezer L., 390. Rev. Samuel, 301. First Baptist Church, 135. Eastern Shore Regiment, 259. General Assembly, 205. Judicial Court, 308. Fish, John, 44. Fisher, Judge. 367. Fishing Bay, 106. Creek, 55, 56, 59. 60, 61, 14-'. 1C3, 219, 283. Fitzhugh, Alexander, 115. Fleet Street, 16. Fletcher, Fred. H., 166. Grace, 369. Mary, 369. Florida, 158. Flov/ers, Thos., 37, 45, 54. Flying Camp Company, 214, 337, 383. Company, 206. Foble, A. J., 74. Ford, Rev. W. S. B., 75, 136. Fork District, 94, 95, 143. Fort McHenry, 149, 406. Washington, 214. Foster, Thomas, 134. Fox Creek. 89, 248. Foxwell, Mrs., 115. Noah, 84. France, 16, 64, 393. Frazier, James, 85, 234. John, 234. Solomon, 146, 147, 148, 149. Wm., 234. Frederick County, 118. Fredericksburg, 261. Free Soilers, 154. French, 176. Friends to America, 202. - Frigate "Mermaid," 221. Fulham Palace, 336. Fusley, Andrew, 60. Gale, George, 270. John, 270. Galestown, 94. Garrettson, Freeborn, 90, 118, 119, 131, 13^. Garrettson's Journal, 119, 134. Gary, John, 31. Stephen, 31, 33, 39, 41, 42, 45. General Assembly, 147, 215, 23i, 316. Georgia, 88. Traitors, 179. Gettysburg, 259, 396, 406. Ghosts, 195. Gibbs, Robert, 216. Gillingham, Mrs. George H., 116. Gillman. Prof. Benj., 68. Gilmore, Harry, 271. Robert, 270. Quartermaster Robert, 203. Gist, Francis, 331. John E., 147. Goeghegan, John, 13a. Moses, 249, 366. Wm., 132, 250, 366. Goldsborough, B. J., 150. Brice W., 296, 305. ' B. W., Jr., 298. Charles F., 76, 138, 146, 147, 14!?, 149, 156, 294, 296, 297, 307, 308. Gov. Charles, 307. 308. Elizabeth (Ennalls), 289, 296. Family, 293. Hon. John Brice, 294. John, 236, 297. John, Jr., 40. Leah, 295. M. Worthington, 295. Nicholas, 293. Phillips Lee, 77, 296, 297, 298. Dr. Richard, 294. 464 INDEX Goldsborough, Robert, 197, iq8, igg, 200, 232, 289, 294, 306, 307, 337. Sarah T., 296. Howes, 147, 337. W. T., 152, 154, 168, 297. Mrs. Willamina, 138. Golden Hill, 105, 115, 116. Goose Creek, 171. Goutee, Joseph, 169. Governor's Council, 312, 435. Governors from Dorchester Co., 438. Governor of Maryland, 390. of Delaware, 127. Gray, Ensign James Woolford, 206. John S., 84. Lieut. James, 218. Graham, John E., 256. Grant, General, 262. Grason, Commodore, 221, 239. Graves, Horatio G., 156. Great Britain, 247, 309. Choptank Hundred, 219. Choptank Parish, 71, 109, 254, 255, 304. Choptank River, 87, 89, 108. Greenbury, Elizabeth, 294. Nicholas, 49. Green Hill, 82. Greenwell, Marietta, 328. Greene, Rev. William Wallace, 11 1. Greenway, Robert, 167, 169. Grenada, 349. Greensborough, 141. Grey, Oliver, 44. ^'Griffith, Edward, 147, 148, 149. Hannah, 169. John, 163, 202. , Joseph, 169.. Lewis, 44. '^ Robert, 151, 169, 266. Griffin, Lewis, 321. Samuel, 252. Griswold, Elias, 262. Groome, 155. Grubing Neck, 91. Gunby, Isaac, 216. Joseph, 216. Gunter, Philip, 44. H. Hackett, Thomas, 89. Haefner, Dr. G. A., 90. Haile, James, 44. Hall, Rev. Samuel D., iii. Hambleton, Richard, 274. Hambrook, 304, 311. Hamilton, Alexander, 146. Hampton, Madam, 299. Hanaway, Joseph, 321. Handy, Edward, 277. Isaac Smith, 277. Hannough, Susanna, 161. Harford County, 99. Henry, 164. Hares, William, 44. Hargissone, George, 44. Harrington, Emerson C., 165. John, 103. Peter, 132, 233. Samuel, 152. Harper, Francis, 169. Joseph, 169. I, Harper, Robert Goodloe, 277. Harris, Mary, 270. Rev. William, iii. Harrison, John C., 200. ist Major Richard, 203. Pres. Benjamin, 371. Robert, 40, 197, 199, 212, 219, 266. Hardcastle, Mathew, 150. Hart, Arthur, 57. Robert, 149. Harvey, Henry, 44. Harwood, John, 160. Patrick, 44. Robert, 39. Harwood's Choice, 39. Haskins, Govert, 271. Philipp, 51. Thomas, 266, 287. William, 270. Haselwood, William, 43. Hatcher's Run, 263. Hatton, Thomas, 25. <, W. Carey, t6i. Hay ward, Charles E., 76. Mrs. Mary, 288. Plead Range, 366. Hearn, Barton, 84. William, 84. Henderson, Benjamin, 216. Henry, Daniel M., 83, 297, 307. W. Laird, 77, 166, 308. John Campbell, 303. Hon. John, 146, 197, 299, 302. Gov. John, 197, 299, 309. Robert Goldsborough, 307. Robert Jenkins, 82. Hugh, 147. Col. Francis J., 306. J. C, 152. Col. John, 303. Nannie C, 296. Hermitage, 219. Heron, Elisha, 216. Jacob, 216. Hersey, John, 371. Heyward, Mary Frances, 368. Thomas, 368. N Hicks, Mrs. Barbara, 117. Thomas, 48, 49, 50, 54, 59, 69, 83, 150, 151, 154. 309, 311- Governor, 314, 316, 317, 318. Hooper C., 84, 85. Levin, 310. Col. Denwood, 203. Higgins, Capt. Frank, 83. James, 166. Thomas, 83. Hill, Gen. B., 261. Henry, 270. Richard, 51. William, 55, 321. Zorobabal, 216. Hillsborough, 141. Hodson, Capt. John, 50, 54. Col. John H., 154, 160. Rebecca, 323. Col. Thomas, 85. Hoffa, Stella McKnight, 356. Hogg, George, 37. Holland, , 38, 43. Michael, 216. Richard, 44. Wm., 156. Holland's Island, 106. INDEX 465 Holland's Straits, 20S, 230. Home Guards, 250. Honga River, 31, 60, 61, 105, 106, 203, 344, 349, 358. Hooper, Elizabeth Ann, 331. Henry, 33, 41, 47, 48, 49, So, 54. 59, 105, 133, 145, 176, 179, 199. 200, 203, 204, 210, 214, 215, 229, 230, 233, 236, 254, 255, 266, 318, 319, 321, 322, 324, 330, 331. William, 88, 271. Samuel, 142, 330. Dr. William, 238. Thomas, 132. Dr. William Ennalls, 310. Gen. Henry, 203, 292, 310, 327. Tames, 249, 323, 328. Dr. Jolxn, 326. Sarah Ennalls, 271. Maj. John, 287, 325, 326. Elizabeth E. Scott, 325. Jeremiah P., 327. Mary E., 327. Emily Ann, 328. Margaret LeCompte, 328. Joseph Henry, 326. Family, 332, 333. Hooper's Island, 104, 115, 132, 143, 163, 190, 203, 213, 318, 319, 339. Straits, 106, 204, 208, 210, 212, 213, 215, 217, 251. Choice, 319, 320. Conclusion, 328, 329. Defiance, 324. Fortune, 320. Lot, 319, 320. Pasture, 328. Hoopersville, 84. Hopkins, John, 75. William, 73. Hotel Dixon, 271. House of Assembly, 22, 23. of Burgesses, 272, 321, 382. of Delegates, 149, 247, 280, 311. Howell, Rev. Thomas, 50, 109, 254, 255. Howes, Abraham, 293. Margaret, 293. Howith, Wm. W., 89. Hubbert, Job, 233. Hudson, Lieut. Hooper, 200. John, 32, 39, 41, 44, 54, 254, 255. River, 132. "Hue and Cry," 267. Hughes' Creek, 63. Huguenots, 361. Hungar River, 105, 318, 335. Hungerford, 105. Hunt, Benjamin, 48, 165. Hunting Creek, 61, 107, 213, 267. Hurlock, 89, 90. John M., 89. Wm., 165. Hurst, John E., 114. Hutchins, Charles, 41, 42, 47, 49, 50, 54, 59, 9S. Colonel. 301. Hynson, 266. Independent Order of Heptasophs, 75. of Odd Fellows, 75. Indiantown Creek, 84. Ingle, Richard, 24, 25. Insloe, Andrew, 42. 30 Insley, Jacob, 84. T. Sangston, 166. Capt. Levin, 243. Insley's, 105. Ireland, 14, 117, 276. Iroquois, 177. Islington, 38, 60. Isle, Emerald, 65. of Kent, 342. J. Jackson, Andrew, 150, 349, 360. Ben., 69. Daniel, 149. Dr., 84. Wm., 84, 85. Wm., Jr., Surgeon, 252. Rachel, Donelson, 358. Stonewall, 262. James Island, 203, 251, 366. Point, 250. Jacobs, 88. Mrs., 84. Jefferson, George W., 76. Thomas, 146, 309. Jenifer, Daniel, 36, 273. Jennings, Humphrey, 37. Jesuits, 16. Johnson, Albert, 357. _ Governor, 216, 221. Capt. John, 168. Dr. Christopher, 272. Elisha, 216. Lieut. Charles, 202. Littleton, 216. Peter, 160. Reverdy, 83, 313. Thomas, 384. Thos., Jr., 199. Bradley T., 18. Henry, 44. Joseph H., 73, 77, 16s, 262. John's Point, 39, 160, 400. Jolly, Hooper, 84. Jones, Colonel, 236, 262. Daniel, 44, 45, 59, 62, 64. David, 55. Eugene, 115. Frank H., 261. George, 250. Henry, 91. Mr., 251. Roger, no. Thomas, 197, 203, ?I2, 219. William, 103, ni, i6i, 216. Nettie M., 295. Joneses, 102. Judd, Rev. Jonathan, no. Junior Order of American Mechanics, 75. Keene, Benjamine, 336, 345. Edward, 336. Rev. Samuel, no, 337. Richard, 335, 336. Capt. John, 335, 336. Capt., 203. Lieut. John, Jr., 202. , 105. Levin, 152, 154, 330. William, no, 337. 466 INDEX Keene, John. 139. Keene, John R., 152. 156. Rev. John. no. Louis B., 115. Mrs. Zoe, 116. Benjamin, Jr., 132, 150, 151, 197, 202 Mathew, 139, 146, 147. Sallie, 139. Henry:, 149, 151, 203. Family, 334, 335. Keene's Neck, 335. Neglect, 335. Keer, E. L., 77. Kent County, 93. Island, 23, 181, 250, 293, 367. Kendal, 270. Kentucky, 152, 336, 337. Kenerly, 56. Kennerly, Capt. Isaac, 84. Kerr, John Leeds, 290, 391. Josiah L., 257. Sophia, 290. Josiah, 83. Keys, Samuel, 84. Kildare, 14. Killiheen, 117. Kingdom of Ireland, 16. King, Elizabeth Barnes, 276. John, 55. Sir Robert, 299. Thomas, 276. King Abaco, 37. Charles I., 14, 16, 23, 25. Henry IV., 16. James, 13, 14, 36. William, 47, 51. William's School, 50, 255. Kingston Hall, 276. Kipling, 13. Kirk, John, 54, 64. Kirke, John, 44. Kirwan, Ensign John, 202. Peter, 339. Solomon F., 338, 339. Kirwan's Neck, 339. Knights of Pythias, 75. Knowles, Hester Eleanor, 370. Know-Nothings, 154. Lafayette, General. 231, 390. Laird, Winder, 262. Lakes, The, 341. Lake, Charles. 306, 351. Children of, 351. Edward, LL.D., 341. Robert, 342. Sir Bibye, 342. Henry, 344, 345. Capt. Henry, 203, 212, 350, 352. George, 149, 150, 349. William, 351. Children of, 351. William Washington, 351, 358. Levin, 352. Children of, 352. Wm. Augustus, 352. Children of, 353. James Bushrod, 353. Children of, 353. William, 355. Children of, 355. Richard Pinkney, 355. 358, 359. Children of. 356, 357. Lake. Capt. Washington, 354. Children ot. 354. Joseph, 360. Children of, 360. Sarah Landon, 360. Family Characteristics, 349. Lakes, 105, loO, 133, 143, 194, 253, 339. Lake's District, 338, 344, 345, 354. Lakes Villa, 105, 340. Land Office, 272. Langrall, Capt. James, 244. Latimer, Thos. E., 77, 298. Thos. E., 166. LeCompte, Anthony, 31, 33, 361, 362, 364. Moses, 132, 142, 203, 332, 362, 363, 364. Philemon, 145. Benj. W., 147, 148, 149, 325. Thomas, 250. James, 250. Wm. G., 250, 253. John, 364. Samuel, 366. Nancy, 374. Leary, Chas., 85. Lee, Anne, 97. Richard, 95, 96, 97, 99. Launcelet, 95, 99. Francis, 96, 98, 99. Richard, Jr.. 96. William, 96. Hancock, 96. Elizabeth, 96, 99. John, 96, 97. Charles, 97. Thomas, 98, 99. 238. Carbin, 98, 99. Governor, 232. Gen. R. E., 259, 261. Gen. Fitzhugh, 304. Leonardtown, 238. Lewin, Rev. Myer, in. Lexington, 199. Lightwood Knot Chappel, 217. Lincoln's Inn Fields, 16. Limbo Harbour, 161. Straits, 106. Limerick County, 117. Lincoln, Abraham, 156. 313. 316. Linkwood, 90. Linthicum, Capt. Thomas, 250. Z. W., 156. Linthicum's Yard, 241. Llf>pi)icott's Magazine, 264. Little Choptank, 61, loi, 102, 103, 108, 142, 160, 219, 248, 400. Liverpool, 167. Livingstone, Miss Catherine, 132. Lockerman, Govert, 254, 255, 287. Jacob, 43, 49, 50, 31, 65. Thos., 331. Lockerman's Manor, 92. Lock wood. Gen., 259, 396. Locofocos, 153. Locust Grove, 355. Logan, Lieut. Thos., 203. London, 14, 20, 26, 161, 254, 294, 336. Long Island, 214. Point, 328. Loomtown, 102, 241. Lord Baltimore, 14, 15, 16, 18. 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 28, 36, SI. 65, 113. Dunmore, 211, 213. Germain, 204. INDEX 467 Lord Ravvdon, 229. CornwalHs, 229, 231, 239. Proprietary, 170, 174. Lowe. Col. Nicholas, 290. Col. Vincent, 32, 42. John, 7S. Enoch, 91, 92, 93. William, 92. Lieut. Arthur, 93, 250. Lloyd, lidward, 304. Guards, 406. Henry, 308. Lloyds, 339. Lucas, Michael, 147, 149. Lynch, Lieut. John, 206, 252. M. Mace, Irvin R., 165. John, 332. Mrs. George, 115. Mackeele, John, 44, 49, 54, 59, 168, 215. John, Jr., 55. Macnichol, Rev. E. C, 78. Madison, 103, 146, 241, 248. Maguire, Lieut. Hugh, 233. IMaid of Oaks, 325. Maine, 158. Maltby, C. S., 243. Manassa, 262. Manito, 170, 171. Manning, Ensign Nathaniel, 263, 266. Marchent, William, 44. Mareen, Milison, 367. Marain, Zorobable, 368. Marine, Charles, 373. William M., 85, 87, 369, 371. Fletcher Elliott, 83, 370. Family, 366. James Hargis, 371. William John, 372. Marshall, Isaac, 216. Lindsay C, 77. Martin, Daniel, 149. George H., 276. Hon. Wm. Bond, 391. Thomas, 270. Rev. James E., 180. Rev. A. L., 180. Mrs. Emma, 115. Rev. Hugh, III. Mary. Refuge of Sinners, 116. Maryland, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 23, 25, 26, 27, 33, 34, 35, 41. 46, 48, 49, 52, 54, 57. 59, 63, 66, 68, 71, 88, 97, 98, 99, 108, 127, 146, 151, IS3, 154, 157, 158, 163, 164, t66, 167, 170, 175, 179, 183, 185, 187, 188, 197, 199, 204, 203, 215, 239, 242, 245, 249, 254, 259, 262, 267, 272, 276, 280, 295, 302, 30s, 310, 314, 318, 327, 330, 334, 335, 337. 342. 352, 354. 356, 359- Assembly, 21, 99. Gncrtte, 99. 255. Historical Society, 20. Legislature, 358. Volunteers, 258. Masons, Cambridge Lodge No. 66, 75. Matchcoat, 175. Mathews, Maurice, 43. May. Henry. 69. Thomas, 386. Maynadier, Rev. Daniel, 304. McComas, Emma, 307. McCullum, Rev. Neal, no, 168. McDonnel, Daniel, 147. McNamara, Clement, 248. v H. L., 151, 152. Capt. Timothv, 202, 248. Gabriel, 248. '^ Lieut. John Stewart, 202. Children of, 346. Capt. William, 346. Meekins, Abraham, 169. Richard, 42. John D., 115. Edward, 115. John, Jr., 169. Mark, 169. Neck, 105, 115. Medford, Nancy, 92. Nathaniel, 92, 93. Rebecca. 92. Robert, 93, 100, 127. Megraw, Godfrey 169. Melvin. James, 77. Melville, Daniel, 61. Memphis, 358, 360. Memoriam, 327. Merine, Alexander, 367. Messhire, William, ■ . Methodists, 117, 118, 119, 127. Methodist Episcopal Church, 102, 118, 119, 132. 135, 3"' Proiestant Church, 135, 403. Mexican War, 256. Michie, Armistead, 77. Middletown, 133, 331. Milbourne, Sevvell T., 165. Militia, 237, 238. Military Officers, 221, 222, 223, 224, 22s, 226, 227, 228, 229. ?Iilitia (drafted), 234. Mills, Capt., 252. David, 133. John G., 77, 166. William, 44. Millby, William, 234. Miller, Rev. Jacob, in. Milton, 102. Mischew, 48, 49, 58. Mister, James E., 334. Mississippi Historical Society, 359. Mitchell, Col. William O., 165. John, 140. Mark, 44. Mohicans, 177. Monaghan, Bishop, 78. Moncreiff, Archibald. 331. Moon's Influence, 191. Moore, Brannock, 83. Mary, 84. Moore's Chapel, 373. (Independent), 153. Morgan College, 180. Charles, 44. Rowland, 44, 60. Morgan's Island, 59. ■ Morris, Andrew, 167. l-"^ Mandline, 167. Robert, 166, 167, 169. Robert, Jr., 167. Morton, Sir Albert, 14. Moslcy, James, 43. Mount (jalvary Sisters, n4. Pleasant, 97, 99. Muir, Adam, 241. James, 85. John, 152. 468 INDEX Muir, Robert, 330. Murket, John, 46. Murray, Colonel, 204. Dr". William M., 138, 168. Francis, 130. Honorable Vans, 393. John, 138, 147. James, 147, 197, 199, 200, 203, 204, 211, 212, 213, 394. Dr. James, 304. William, 138. William H., 262. William Vans, 393. Muse, Col. William Sulivane, 290. Dr. James, 307. Dr. William H., 290. Dr. Joseph, 68, 69, 290. James, 197. Joseph Ennalls, 290. 2d Major Thomas, 203, 212, 217, 289. My Lady Sewell's Manor, 324. Mynne, Anne, 13. George, 13. Myrtle Grove, 307. Nadal, Rev. B. H., 317. Nansemum, 320. Nanticoke, 31, 35, 84, 85, 171, 172, 174, 219. Manor, 92, 159, 162, 164. River, 38, 61, 79, 82, 93, 94, 95, 98, 99. 100, 159, 172, 241, 251, 252, 300. 303. Nanticokes, 32, 33, 170, 173. 177, 367. Nantiquacks, 106. Natural Signs, 190. Navy, Moses, 249. William, 234. Neck District, 143. Nevett, John Rider, 138, 304. Thomas, 64, 138. New Amsterdam, 65. Newbell, Henry, 44. New England, 293. Newfoundland, 13, 15. New Jersey, yz, 88, 244, 342, 356. New Market, 218. Academy, 87. Blues, 203. New Sweden, 35. Newton, Edward, 44. John, 44, 152. Nicholas Maney's Point, 38, 60. John, 43. Nicholson, Francis, 48, 49, 50. Nichols, Benjamin, 266. Henry, 266. Jasper, 266. Dr. H. F., 90. Dr. Joseph, 151, 153. Noble, F. J., 89. Mary, 329. Noel, Capt. Edward, 219. Nominy, 97. Nooner, Thomas, 50. Norman's Cove, 248. Northampton, 25. County, 281. North, Hicks, 249. Northrop, C. L., 166. Northumberland County, 96. Nott, Rev. John W., in. Nova Scotia, 131, 164. Nowell, James, 44, 55. Nowels, Margaret, 55. O. Oath of Fidelity, 345. Obder, Captain, 32, 37. Ocean City, 86. Offey, John, 42. Old Burying Grounds, 137. Family Homestead, 358. Field Church, 266. Orphans' Court, 441. Otayachgo, 171. Outen, Furnell, 216. Owen, Richard, 44, 49, 59. Oxford, 97, 164, 167, 301. Oyster Industry, 73. Paca, William, 199. Page, Henry, 152, 391. Pander, Edward, 44. Panquash, 174. Papists, 116, 169. Paradise, 99. Pardue, Stephen, 44. Paris; 394. Parker, Henry, 216. Parlett, Collector B. F., 297, 298. Parliament, 26, 31. Parnassas Hill, 277. Parson's Creek, 103, 143, 248. Partridge, Jonathan, 133. Pasterfield, William, 253. Pattison, Ann, 373, 376. Everett K., 380. Ex-Governor Robert F., 380. Family, 373. Genealogy, 375. Jacob, 374, 377. James, 373, z-;t. John R., yy, 165, 380, 381. Jeremiah, 374, 377. Mary, 377. Mary Caroline, 380. Robert H., 380. R., no, 132, 151. Richard, 332. Samuel, 380. Thomas, 38, 41, 47, 53, 54, 55. 56, 59. 373. 376. Patuxent, zj, 31, 37, 163, 240, 320. Payne, 93. Pearcy, Ensign Richard, 252. Pearley, William, 16. Penn, 36. Pennsylvania, 176, 206, 243, 360, 380. People, John, 44. Percy (Locofoco), 153. Perle, James, 44. Peterkin, James, 44, 45, 59. Petersburg, 263. Peyton's Battery, 263. Phelps, Dr., 69, 140. Dr. F. P., 381. Francis E., 150. (Whig), 153- Philadelphia, 63, 75, 138, 199, 218, 244, 276, 304. 360. Conference, 134. Philippine Islands, 318. INDEX 469 Phillips, John, 56, 262. Point, 61. Thomas, 44. Phipps, Becca, 248. Lieut., 248. Pierce, Hon. James Alfred, 313, 391. Pierson, John, 44. Pindar, Edward, 48, 49, 57, 59. Pinkney, 146. Pitt, Charles H., 83. Elizabeth, 270. John, 133. J. R. W., 149. Milcah, 271. Philip, 109, 165. Robert, 270. Samuel Wilson, 271. T., 149. William, 133. Pittsburg, 243. Plovey, William, 44. Piug-Uglies, 312. Plummer, Henry, 44. John, 44. Plymouth Greens, 202. Pocomoke Swamp, 176. River, 299. Polk, James K., 392. Pollard, John, 33, 34, 42, 49, 55, 59. Pope, 52. John, 44. Popery, 116. Poplar Island, 250. Population of Dorchester Co., 268. by Districts, 268. Porpeigham, 320, 329, 330. Post, Fanny, 380. Postoffice and Postmasters, 445. Potomac River, 96, 175, 259. Potter, Thomas Wood, 216. Powell, Charles, 165. Thomas, 32. Powers, William, 250. Preston, Richard, 26, 27, 33, 37, 38. Price, B. D., 180. Price, John, 25, 208. Princess Anne, 295. Academy, 180. Princeton College, 301, 303. Pritchett's Cross Roads, 338. Privates, Flying Co., 206, 207, 208. Sixth Independent Co., 201, 202, 214. Privateers, 215. Protestant Episcopal Church, loi, 102, 108, 254, 298, 306, 326. Revolution, 144. Proprietary, 17, 22, 23, 25, 26, 31, 32, 41. Providence, 25, 31. Province of Maryland, 162, 324. Provincial Court, 22, 176, 322. Pruett, Andrew, 44. Public School Commissioners, 443. Puckum, 91. Puritans, 27. d. Quakers, 89, 241. Queen Anne, 113, 116. Anne's County, no. Henrietta Maria, 16. Queen's College, 97. Qninton, Philip, 147. Quit Rents, 163. R. Railroad, Baltimore and Eastern Shore, 86. Chesapeake and Atlantic, 86. Cambridge and Scaford, 86, 90. Weldon, 263. Randolph, 146. Rapidan, 262. Rapahanock, 106. Reeves, Joseph, 44. Reese, James E., 76. Reed, John, 142. VVilliam, 142. Reed's Grove, 142. Rehoboth, 95, 97, 98, 99, 100. Rent Rolls, 163. Revolutionary Period, 197. War, 303, 306, 343, 356. Revolution, 240. Representatives, House of, 314. Republican State Central Committee, 297. Rhine, 117. Rhineljeck, 132. Richardson, Albert L., 383. Family, 381. Sir Thomas, 385. George, 385. John, 44, 45, 59. Mrs. James, 114. E., 142. Mrs. Albert L., 283. Ezekiel, 147. Robert, 239. Levin, 151, 153, 156, 285. Mrs. Hester Dorsey, 185, 334. Sarah A., 285. Joseph, 197, 200, 203, 212, 219. Major Thomas, 382. Col. Wm., 219, 383, 384. Wm., 382, 383. Colonel, 203. Richmond, 261, 360. Richard's Manor, 335. Rider, Capt. John, 50, 254, 255, 300. " Riggin, John, 216. Riggs House, 271. Riley, James Whitcomb, 372. Robin Hood, 174. Club, 302. Robson, Capt. Joseph, 211. Robinson, Britain, 84. Wm. M., 250.. John, G., 256. Isaac, 83. Lieut. Luke, 203. Captain, 203. Robertson, Dr., 325. Wm. M., 142. Elizabeth Ellen, 385. Robert, 44. Roberts Bros., 75, 90. Hugh. 249. Robins, James, 171. Rollins, Nancy, 370. Robson, John, 132. William, 43, 44. Roosevelt, President, 298, 3:8. Ross, John, 43. Rome, 52. Roman Catholic Church, 16. Rough, Daniel, 132. Rowens, Capt. John, 93, 151, 153, 252. Royal Arcanum, 75. Oak, 252. 470 INDEX Russell, John, i6i. Kussell's Creek, i6i. Russum, Winlock, 256. Rush, Hon. Richard, 304. Rumley. Billy, 170, 171. John, 213. Sacred Superstitions, 195. Sage of Ashland, 315. Salem, 352. Salisbury, Dr. Gove, 276. .Tohn, 59. San ' Francisco, 297. Sanford, 148. Sandy Island, 106, 251. Point, 251. Saunders, Joseph, 250. Lieut. Abraham, 252. Savage, Edward, 35, 39, 41. 53- John, 44- Schooner "Albert Thomas," 243. "Charming Betty," 243. "Past Grand," 243. "Regulator," 243. "Taylor's Island," 243. Scharf's History, 17. Scleigh, Lake, 262. Scotland, 51, 65, 385. Scott, Elizabeth Ennalls, 287. Gustavus, 232, 293. Rev. Mr., 180. Mary, 271. Sears, John, 163. Secretary, 116. Creek. 87, 141, 320, 324- of State, 439. Sewalls' Creek, 173. Senate. 247. of Maryland, 103. Severn, 31. Seward, George, 39. Sewell, Garreitson, 84. Seymour, Governor, 174. Shakespeare, 190. Sharp. Governor, 82. Sharpe, Peter, 31. .Shawan, 176. Shawnee Indians, 176. Shenton, G. Galon, 115. Joseph, 169. Raymond, 116, 169. William, i6g. Shepherd-Pattison Genealogy, 379. Shepherd. Caleb Lockwood, 385. James S., 40.165, 3:9, 385. Sherwood, Daniel, 274. Hugh. 274. ■Mrs. Mary, 274. Shipley. David. 331. Shoal Creek, 307. Showell, Ellen, 297. William M., 298. Shropshire, 95. Shyrock, Ann L., 93. Simmons, Charles W., 340. Edward, 250. James E. 340. John, 249. "Moses. 249. Mrs, Dorothy, 115. Thomas W.. 165. Simmons, William H., 340. Simpson, Col. Southey, 215. Sinclair, Henry, 89. Skinner, Ann, 270. Annie, 380. Thomas, 38, 39, 41, 365. Skinners, 102. Skinner's Choice, 365. Slabtown, 92. Slacum, ^lary Boyne, 349. Slacum, George, 218. Job, 213. I., no. Slacombe Notes, 346, 347, 348. Smallhommony, Jemmy, 176. Smallwood. Colonel, 211. Smith, Dr. Benjamin L., 104. Capt. Henry, 95. Capt. W. B., 252. Anna, 277. Dr. A. Hamilton, 277. Ensign John, Jr., 219. George D., 83. George A. Z., 84, 85. Isaac P., 276. James, 153. Kirby, 262. John, 99, 106, 170. Samuel, 53. Squire, 85. Rev. Dr. William, 138. Richard, 85. Thomas, 221. Wethers, 83. Smithson, Thomas, 53. Williafn, 51, 53. Smithers. Dr., 83, 256. Smoot, John, 99, 147, 148. Snooke, John, 44. Sobieski, John, 65. .Social Life, 185. Somerset County, 36, 38, 51, 83, 84, 95, i 138, 187, 208, 215, 216, 220. 243, 259, . 276, 281, 295, 299, 321, 32s, 367. Sommers, Benj., 216. George, 216. Thomas, 216. Southern Army, 340. South Carolina, 78, 84, 136, 156. 1S8. Sovereigns, William and Mary, 41, 46. 116. Sparrow, Thomas, 217, 219. Spedden, Levin, 234. W. H., 166. Spicer, Jeremiah, 250. Travers, 250, 256. Sprigg, Richard. 197, 293. Spring Island, 213. Sprouce, George, 44. Spuriway, William, 44. Stack, Lieut. Joseph, 203. Stamward, John. 44. Stanton, Secretary, 278. Staintoon, Lieut. -Colonel, 203. Stanford, Algernon Sidney, 85. St. Anne's Parish, 337. Stanwood, A. S., 149. Stamp Act, 197. Staplefort. Raymond, 33, 34. 42, 4?, 104. 386, Lillian, 381. William T., in. State's Attorneys, 298. 440, 441. State Conventions, 436. INDEX 471 State Justices, 165. Senators, 435. Staunton. 262. St. Cloude, IS- St. Dunstan Church, 16. Steamer "Cecil," 243. "Pioneer," 243. "Susquehanna," 340. "Kent," 83. "Cliampion," 83. "George Washington," 83. "Maryland," 83. Steele, Dr. Guy, 308. Isaac, 146. John N., 149, 150. James, 152, 266. Mary Nevett, 304. Henry, 197, 199. 30i. Dr. Thomas B., 308. Stephens, John, 59. Stevens. Dorothy, 388. William, 32, 33. 34. 36, 38, 39, 4U 42, 45. 89. 95. 137. 388. ;Magdalen, 137, 388. John, 37, 273, 274, 388. Family, 388. Grace, 389. Sarah, 389. Joseph, 390. Stevenson, Dr. Henry, 277. Rev. James, iii. Stewart, Alfred, 166. James A., 73, loi, 150, 151, i53. 154. i55. 390- Joseph, 103. William, 162. Captain, 249. Alfred R., 393- Donald, 393- Major William E., 393- Steward, John, 45, 148. St. Inigoes, 115. Stirling, Aaron, 216. Henry, 216. St. Tames' Parish, 343. St. Mary's, 14. 19. 20, 21, 24. 31. 33- 35- 37, 187, 318. County, 104. 276. Star o'f the Sea, 115. Whitechapel Parish, 266. Stillington, Thomas, 31. Stone, John Pile, 25. Thomas, 31. William, 28. 29, 30. Stokes, Peter, 366. St. Paul's Parish, no. Straits, 105. 106, 171, 210, 213, 248. Stratford, 98, 99. Straughn, David, 67, 139. Henry, 76. Levin E., 76. Strawbridge, Robert, 118. .Street, John, 118. Sturdy Beggar. 215, 346. Sulivane, Capt. William, 154. Clement, 165, 393- Daniel, 145, 150, 197. 326. James, 141, 147. 203, 213, 220, 231. Summers, Felix, 169. Sumpter, General, 229. Superstitions, 191. Sussex County, 36, 372. Sutton, Philip, 44. Sweden, 65. Sydney. Sir Philip, 190. Symonds, Thomas, 44. T. Taber. Nellie Carroll, 277. Talbott, Sir Robert, 14. Talbot County, 39, 89, 123, 160, 162, 252, 259, 267. 270, 290, 294, 304, 307, 324, 389- Talbot, Elizabeth, 383. Madam, 318, 319. Colonel George, 318. Tall, Anthony, Jr., 233. Elijah, 250. Reuben S., 76, 152, 154. , ThQmas, 216. Taptico, William, 44. Tar Bay, 31, 163. Tarccll, Francis, 44, 45. Tar Kiln Ridge, 343. Taylor, Edward, 44. John, 104. Major Thomas, 40, 42, 43. Thomas, 44, 46, 59. 60, 64, 104, 216. Taylor's Island, 104, no, 133, 203, 241, 248. ^ • 324, 328, 340. Neglect, 92. Tennessee, 261, 262, 358. Campaign, 278. Tequashsino, 175. The Hague, 395. The Pioneer, 371. The Foundation of Maryland, 18. Thomas, Henry, 175. John, 43. John, Jr., 234. Richard, 55. Rev. Joshua, 286. Thompson, Araminta, 276. J. Watson, 166. Rev. James, 403. Rev. William, 403. Robert F., 256. Thomson, Rev. Thomas, 109, 254. Thomasin_e, Richard, 44. Thorne. Capt. William, 321. Thornhill, Robert, 43. Thornwell, Robert, 54. Tiawco, 171. Tilghman, Mathew, 199- Tick's Path, 38. Tick, William, 38. Tobacco Stick, 103, 248, 250. Bay, 103. Creek, 160. Todd's Chapel, 133. Toddsville, 142. Todd, Ensign John, 203. Ensign Job, 212. Jacob, 142. Tolly, John, 249. Lieut. Alexander, 203. Thomas, 249. Towando, i7r. Tories, 215, 344- Travers, Elizabeth, 163. Captain, 203. Colonel, 217. Henry, 145- I97. 249. Jeremiah, 250. Tohn Ashcom, 132, 202. L. D.. 151. Mathias, 149. "50. 249. Robert, 249. 472 INDEX Travers, William K, 151, 202, 212, 219. (Whig), 153. Samuel, 249. Tredway, Rev. S. B., 78. Tregoe, Roger, 233, 250. Trinity Church, 108. Trippe, Captain, 47. Henry, 33, 38, 39, 41, 42, 44, 45, 47, 49, 59, 172. 241, 272. Tubman, Charles, 115. Frank, 115. Mrs. 115. Richard, 43, 163, 169, 202. Robert, 115. Tucker, William, 133, 331. Tunes, Aaron, 55. Turner, Henry, 45. Turpin, Major Frank, 100. Mrs. Belle F., 100. Tuttle, Richard, 148. Tvbbs, Levin, 216. Tyler, Capt. L. A., 339. John E., 76. Martha Jefferson, 293. Mrs. Susie, 115. President, 293. U. Unalachtgo, 171. University of Oxford, 13. Yale, 68. of Maryland, 278. United States, 264, 307. Senators, 444. Congressmen, 444. Senate, 146, 298, 303. Navy, 295. Army Volunteers, 318. Underwood, Elizabeth, 159. Judith, 159. Peter, 160. Van Buren, 151. Vanderbilt, Mrs. Frank Armstrong, 356. Vaughn, Robert, 25. Rowland, 44. Veazy, Governor, 312. Veich, Thomas, 44. Venables, William, 83. Widow, 83. Vickers, Mrs. E., 115. Ezekiel, 133, 203. Vicksburg, 114. Vienna, 61, 62, 65, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 107, 133. 136, 143. 159. 178. 284, 300, 303. 310, 311. Vinton, E. P., 14. Vinson, Ensign John, 252. Vinnacokasimmon, 32. Virginia, 15, 16, 23, 24, 2S, 26, 48, 49. 5°, 65, 89, 95, 96. 91, 98, 99. 131. 134. 170, 181, 184, 215, 231, 233, 258, 259, 261, 262, 276, 281, 309, 319. 326, 340, 342, 356, 360, 380. W. Waddell, Daniel J., 85. James, 151, 154, 165. Waggaman, Thos. E., 293. Wale's, 384. Wallace, Col. James, 64. James, 64, -^z, 74. i5S, 258, 396. Walter, Maj. Levin, 252. Walsh, Thomas Yates, 83. Warren, L. K., 75. Ware, Rev. Thomas, 119. Ward, Ezekiel, 216. George, 147. Thomas, 216. Warfield, Mrs. Elizabeth, 140. Warwick River, 87, 88. Fort Manor, 159, 320, 324, 32S. Washington, 67, 114, 247, 271, 306, 308, 317. George, 146, 214, 231, 303. Chapel, 134. College, 337. Wateree River, 229. Waters, Rev. Cyrus, iii, 148. Waterfield, Rev. T., 78. Waugh Chaple, 179. Webster, Daniel, 69, 70, 369. S. L., 75. Zachariah, 84. Webb, Thomas. 83. Captain, 252. Thomas Henry, 83. James F., 85. Weller, Rev. G., no. Wesley. John, 90, 117, 118, 132. Chapel, 317. \\^esleyan Methodism, 135. Weston, 300, 302. West Nottingham Academy, 301. River, 304. WiUard E., 166. Virginia, 314. Western Maryland, 131. Shore, 148, 181. W^estmoreland County, 97, 98, 289. Wharton, Mary, 328. Whatcoat, Bishop, 134. Wheatley, Captain, 203. Wheland, Joseph, Jr., 208. Wheeler, John, 234. ^ Wheeling Intelligencer, 383. White, Mrs. Mary, 140. Eliza, 13s. Mary Ann, 135, 271. Dr. Edward, 54, 61, 133, 134, i35. i39, 271. J. McKenny, 262. Thomas, 68, 271. Sarah, 135. \^'hite Haven, loi, 309, 385. Marsh, 103, 324. House, 189. Whitehouse, Rt. Rev. Bishop, 112. Whittingham, Bishop, in. Whittington, Maj. William, 51, 331. Whiteleys, 398. Whiteley, Arthur, 56, 64, 331, 404. Joseph, 252. Wicomico County, 84. ^^'icomico, 82, 97. William The Conqueror, 280. Willis, Mrs. John M., 285. Charles, 114. Lieut. John, 252. J-. 149- Williams, John, 142, 148, 150. Lieut. Samuel, 252. Dr. Thos. H., 262, 326. Williamsburg, 91, 92, 93. ^^'i^!in, Lieut. Levin, 203, 212. \\'ilniington, 116. Willoughby. William, 43, 45. John, 249. 0CT6-I94S INDEX 473 Wilmont, Lizzie, 328. Wilson, Calvin Dill, 264. Daniel, 250. George A., 115. Jacob, 152, 369. Job, 234. Ephraim King, 277. Will, Raymond Staplefort, 387. Windsor, Wm., 253. Winicaco, 177. Winnoughquargno, 174. Winthrop, George, 271. Winsmore, Robert, 39, 41, 42. Witches, 194. Wiwashes, 106, 171. Woodland, Chas., 250. Woodlandtown, 105. Woodside, Mrs. Wm. G., 114. Woodward, Mrs., S5- John, 47, 59. Woolfords, 398. Woolford, Col. Roger, 50, 103, 160, 254, 255, 289, 398. Thomas, 145, 200, 211, 214, 229, 274, 389, 400, 401. Capt. Stephen, 203, 329, 403. Levin, 324. John, 64. James, 389, 406. Mary, 398. Katherine, 380. Mrs. Roger, 322. George Whitefield, 406. Woolen, John Thomas, 91, 92, 93. Thomas, 250. Worcester County, 209, 216, Worgin, William, 39, 41. World's End Creek, 105, 339. Worthington, Achsa, 294. Wright, Charles, 44. Thomas I., 89. Capt. Nathan, 142. Martin, 150. M. L., 151. Lieut. James, 203. Ishmael, 361. Wroughton, William, 38. Wye, 167. Wyranfconmickonono, 174. Y. Yardley, Col. Francis, 26. Yarmouth, S5. 56. Yate, John, 44. Yeats, Donaldson, 231. "Ye Ending of Controversie, Yerbury, Sarah, 294. York, 13. County, 96. Yorkshire, 13, 270. Yorktown, 239. Youell, Thomas, 97. Zion Baptist Church, 180. ERRATA. Page 148, after sixth line from top, insert subhead Patriots as Well as Politicians . Page 165, second line from bottom, for Irving R. Mace read W. Irving Mace. 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