The Double -Profit System of Dairyingf Makes the Farmer a Good Customer One Profit From His Dairy Cow — Another From His Own Creamery Give Him T\vo-Fold Buying Power DAIRY HERD — SOURCE OF ONE PROFIT. Pure Bred Holsteins of W. F. Schilling, Dairy Editor, Farm, Stock and Home. Dairy farmers in Minnesota and surrounding states practice a system of dairying and co-operative creamery butter making whicK ^ives them a practical control of their markets, a monthly cash income, and double profits, from two distinct sources: — One profit from their own dairy herds. — Another profit from their own co-operative creameries. This system is more highly developed in Minnesota than anywhere else and has spread into adjoining states. It has made Minnesota the banner butter producing state. It has also made Minnesota, Wisconsin, the Dakotas and Montana the fastest ^rowin^ dairy region of America. How it multiplies farm wealth and creates markets for g,ood merchandise is clearly proven by the evidence on the following pa^es. The facts shown are worthy the earnest attention of every manufacturer or advertiser who wants the farmer for a customer. FARMERS' CO-OPERATIVE CRE A M ER Y — SOU RCE OF THE SECOND PROFIT. The Douhle-Profit System of Dairying A COMPLETE SURVEY OF THE DAIRY INDUS- TRY SHOWING THE REGIONS THAT ARE TO SUPPLY THE WORLD'S DEMAND FOR DAIRY PRODUCTS AND THE MARKETS CREATED FOR GOOD MERCHANDISE • - COPYRIGHT - 1919 • by FARM, STOCK . and HOME . MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA The Paper That Founded the Farmers' Creameries PERMISSION IS GRANTED TO REPRINT IF DUE CREDIT IS GIVEN. COPIES OF MAPS WILL BE FURNISHED FREE. E ^•^ 1— I -a O ^ Si o -g p< - 1 < 5J Q ft, C ^ = • ;:| O a -^ -. a S o '_ H ^ ^ ?l pq-~ & 00 -g <■- S OCT -b 19/9 Th D o u h I Profit S y s t e m of Dairying The Fastest Growing Dairy Region The fastest growing dairy region in the United States is clearly shown by this map to be the FARM,. STOCK & HOME group of states. Notice their position also as to gains of dairy cows on Table No. 1 below : WISCONSIN first, MINNESOTA second, SOUTH DAKOTA fourth, NORTH DAKOTA, fifth, MONTANA eighth. Their percentages of gain are also the highest of any group of important dairy states. WISCONSIN, 22.3%, MINNESOTA 26%, SOUTH DAKOTA 51.7%, NORTH DAKOTA 65.5%, MONTANA 154.2%. These states also made remarkable gains during the war, while other states suffered sharp declines, as shown bv Table No. 2 below. These gains are due largely to the Double-Profit System practiced by their dairy farmers, described on page 6. This region corresponds exactly with the Double-Profit region as shown on pages 4 and 5. It is also the region where the dairymen's favo- rite paper is FARM, STOCK & HOME— "The Paper that Founded the Farmers' Creameries." The total gain since 1910 in these five states (1,092,643 cows) is 38.4% of the entire United States gain (2,841,568 cows). Their percentage of increase is 30.5% as compared with the United States percentage. (13.7%). Their average value per cow is $81.80, as compared with the United States average ($78.24). Their increase in value is $46.22 per cow, as compared with the United States increase ($44.00). TABLE NO. 1 The Twelve States That Gained the Most Cows (90,000 or more from 1910 to 1919). (Iowa, New York and other Eastern States show Losses of Cows). Estimates Furnished by U. S. Department of Agriculture Rank as Cows Gained Percentage Total No. of Value Per Cow to Gain Since 1910 of Gain Cows, 1919 1919 1910 1. WISCONSIN* 329.495 22.3% 1,803,000 $82.00 $34.55 ~2_ MINNESOTA* 282,612 26.0% 1,3 68,000 78.00 30.56 3. Kansas 227,893 30.9% 964,000 81.00 33.01 4. SOUTH DAKOTA* 191,236 51.7% 561,000 82.00 31.11 5. NORTH DAKOTA* ~77~ 169,827 65.5% 429,000 80.00 33.72 6. Washington . . 129,767 69.6% 216,000 75.00 42.89 "7 Ohio 124,875 13.7% 1,030,000 83.50 37.52 8. MONTANA* ". 119,473 154.2% 197,000 87.00 43.95 9. Mississippi .~~~~T 119,413 27.7% 549,000 60.00 22.36 10. Colorado 119,266 82.3% 264,000 88.00 41.19 11. Alabama 102,464 26.1% 494,000 58.00 21.89 12. California ~ 93,668 20.0% 561,000 79.00 39.79 United States 2,841,568 13.7% 23,467,000 $78.24 34.34 * FARM, STOCK & HOME States. Seventy per cent of the United States gain is in these twelve states. TABLE NO. 2 Gains and Losses of Cows During Years 1917 and 1918 Notice how rapidly the FARM, STOCK & HOME Group gained Cows. Estimates furnished by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. Cows Gained *MINNESOTA .... 66,000 ♦WISCONSIN 53,000 *SOUTH DAKOTA 37,000 *NORTH DAKOTA 4,000 ♦MONTANA 37,000 Cows Lost New York 61,000 Iowa 24,000 Texas 115,000 Pennsylvania .... 1,000 Michigan 17,000 Oklahoma, Colorado, Mississippi, Alabama, Kentucky and Virginia Increased their cows. United States gain 573,000 *FARM, STOCK & HOME States. This group also makes a remarkable showing as to: Increases of Hogs and Cattle, 1910-1919; Table No. 7, page 12. Gains and Losses, Hogs and Cattle, 1917-1918; Table No. 8, page 13. Increases of Farms and Crop Acreage; Table No. 12, page 21. Cows Gained Ohio 80,000 Kansas 64,000 Missouri 44,000 Illinois 3,000 Indiana 7,000 Cows Lost Nebraska 14,000 California 30,000 Washington 47,000 Oregon 3,000 FA'RM, STOCK and HOME is the Paper That Founded the Farmers^ Creameries Page Three E o t^ T3 e 'A O ,« )— 1 o O CO PJ P< g >H c « 1— ( UJ < ~- Q c H 1—1 ^1 (i< '-C o e4 ^ a, 1 E uJ f- hJ tt< « P ^ O a Q t ZJ H C < ■^^ pJ Pi O >-, pJ w ^1 H •- Th Double-Profit System of Dairying TKe Great Double-Profit Dairy Region The Double-Profit System of Dairying is most highly developed in the three leading dairy states, Minnesota, western Wisconsin and northern Iowa, as shown on this map. It is making rapid progress also in the three fast- growing dairy states, the Dakotas and Montana. This region exactly corresponds with the Fastest- Growing Dairy Region, shown on page 3. It is exactly the territory in which the dairymen's favorite paper is FARM, STOCK & HOME, "the paper that founded the Farmers' Creameries." MINNESOTA leads the United States in farm- ers' co-operative creameries, butter production and butter quality. Only three other states have more cows ; only two exceed its total dairy production ; none other produces as fine a grade of butter. WISCONSIN leads the United States in cheese, total production and total cows. The Creamery Butter-Making counties are largely in the western part, near Minnesota, as shown by Map No. 6 on page 14. It supplanted New York as first dairy state several years ago. MAP IO\\'A'S creameries also are largely in the north- eastern part, near to Minnesota, as shown by Map No. 5 on page 14. It has been supplanted by Min- nesota as to total production and creamerjr butter production. Comparisons of the production in Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa and New York are shown on pages 16 and 17. THE DAKOTAS AND MONTANA, influenced by these great nearby dairy states, are increasing both their creameries and dairy cows more rapidly than any other group in the country. South Dakota has advanced to 14th place in 1919 from 22nd in 1910; North Dakota to 22nd from 27th; Montana to 33rd from 41st, as to dairy cows. Full produc- tion estimates are shown on page 17. Future dairv progress is better assured in the FARM, STOCK & HOME group than in any other region. It has the grasses, cool climate, fertile and well-watered soils of a natural dairy country. It also has the Double-Profit System of Dairying and creamery butter-making to insure its permanence. This is proven by the map below. NO. 3 CREAMERIES 1914 EACH DOT REPRESENTS ONE CREAMERY f- ^^^ ':crt!M 18 ~fj_ 1 • / ^"^ '*■ -s ^ A NUMBER OF CREAMERIES, 1914 """'VIZ UMTMES STATE NUHBER Va 12 Wyo. . . . Del N.Mc«.. 7 W. Va. . . Nev N.C 5 Ky 5 Ark La Ala 3 Miu Ariz .... R. 1 S.C 1 G« Ea,l . . . . 3,132 2,331 U. S 5.463 From 1915 Yearbook of Agriculture. Copies of these maps furnished free. FARM, STOCK and HOME is the Paper That Founded the Farmers' Creameries Th Double-Profit System f D a i r y i n Cows, Creameries and Co-operation Pay Double Profits The Dairy Farmer, America's true landed aristo- crat, has been called "a regular farmer, plus." And tlie Jairvman in j\Iinnesota and surrounding states is truly "a regular Dairy Farmer, plus." He practices a system of dairy farming that returns him two profits instead of only one. This makes him and his family the very best kind of customers for all kinds of quality merchandise. Source of the Second Profit It is generally known that the dairyman has all the needs and desires of an ordinary farmer, plus many others created by his complex, specialized business, and also, plus an increased income with which to gratify them. .\ large majorit)' of Min- nesota's farms are dairj' farms. Their owners, how- ever, have added to their incomes still another profit, besides other advantages, by organizing hun- dreds of co-operative creameries. These are owned and managed by the dairy farmers themselves. Creameries Create New Wealth These creameries are located in the farming dis- tricts, near to the dairy farms. They buy fresh cream or butterfat daily, manufacture it into high- grade butter; sell it at premium prices on the east- ern markets and then distribute all their profits to their farmer patrons. The creamery patron thus cnjo3'S all of the income and profit from his own dairy farm, plus his share of the creamerj^ profits also. Xo better method has ever been devised for returning to the farm producer all of the profits of his labor and industry. Naturally he can buy, and does buy many things that other farmers cannot aft'ord. Advantages of Dairy Farming Of itself, dairy farming is the highest tj'pe of agriculture that man has developed. It approxi- mates the ideal form of converting raw materials from the soil into finished food products for man- kind's use. It is the safest kind of farming, because it constantly renews the fertility of the fields. It is the most profitable because dairy products are so vital to human life that the}^ cannot be supplied in any other form. The demand always exceeds the supply. r COURTESY KING VENTIl STATE EXPERIMENTAL CREAMERY. ALBERT LEA, MINNESOTA. The only state-owned creamery in the country is at Albert Lea, Minnesota, where new methods arc tried out. Formerly a co-operative creamery, it still distributes the profits to its patrons. FARM, STOCK and HOME is the Paper That Founded the F armers' Creameries Page Six Th Douhle-Profit System of D a i r y i n Dairying is said to contribute more to the wealth and comfort of mankind than any other one indus- try. Certainly it is indispensable to civilized life. It is said that the average richest man in America is the average dairy farmer. The True DoublcTProfit System The Northwestern dairyman has not been con- tent, however, with all these advantages or with the single-profit system of producing a raw product like milk or cream. That of itself is a profitable business. He and his neighbors, however, have become successful merchandisers of the finished manufactured article, creamery butter. Mr. Dairy- man himself pockets the profits, instead of passing them along to anyone else. Leading Creamery Butter State So successful is this industry that Alinnesota has long been the leading creamery butter producing state. It has 841 creameries, of which 643 are co-operative. No other state has as many co-opera- tive creameries. Minnesota's butter production, the largest in the country, was more than 132,000,000 pounds in 1918, and sold for more than $63,400,000. Of this the co-operative creameries contributed about 83,500,00 pounds and distributed their entire profits among their patrons. This was an income in addition to $57,000,000, which is about the total amount paid to farmers by all the creameries for butterfat, and also in addition to the farm profits made in producing this raw material. The average price paid for butterfat was about 52 cents a pound. The average price received for butter was about 48.5 cents a pound. See Table No. 3, page 11. Third State as to Production The total dairy production in 1918 was about $134,000,000, and was exceeded only by Wisconsin and New York. It surpassed Iowa, the third state as to number of cows. Full production reports by counties for 1918 are shown on page 11, When compared with those of the three other leading dairy states, Wisconsin, New York, and Iowa, as on pages 16 and 17, they prove Minnesota's supremacy as the greatest butter producing state. CLARKS GROVE CREAMERY, CLARKS GROVE. MINNESOTA. The first successful Minnesota co-operative creamery, started 1890 by a group of Danish dairymen in Freeborn County, a model for other co-operative creamery organizations. FARM, STOCK and HOME is the Paper That Founded the Farmers' Creameries Page Seven Th Douhle-Profit System of Dairying Minnesota Butter Wins the Prize Banners Minnesota co-operative creamery butter is always in great demand because of its superior quality. It always commands a premium price on the most discriminating eastern markets. It has won all but two of the seventeen prizes ever offered in interstate contests during the past 20. years, viz. : twelve prize banners offered by the National Cream- ery Buttermakers' Association in their annual com- petitions, the grand prize at St. Louis Exposition in 1904, and two International Dairy Show cups. It was chosen to suppl}^ the. Navy in 1918, the standard set being so high that the Government was compelled to come to 52 Minnesota co-opera- S^^s One of the Prize Banners Awarded Minnesota Butter tive creameries for it. A state brand of high stan- dard butter has been established, which twelve creameries have cjualified to manufacture. Investigations made by the state have shown, too, that the co-operative creameries pay the farmer a higher average price for butterfat, or about 52 cents a pound in 1918, than the city creameries or "cen- tralizers," which rely on cream shipments, can afford to pay. A cash settlement for this is made with the farmer monthly or oftener and many of the creameries distribute their profits monthly as well. This system also gives the dairyman a practical control over his ultimate markets. The standard of fine, uniform (juality is maintained and the butter is sold as a high-grade product. The pro- ducer is in the enviable position of being the manufacturer of a trade-marked arti- cle, who produces his own raw materials at cost and controls his own prices and outlet. He reaps a harvest in the milk pall daily. He has a monthly instead of a yearly pay day — does not have to wait until fall to cash in. He pays his bills promptly and has a frequent turn-over of his working capital like any other suc- cessful business man. Could any condition be more ideal for multiplying farm wealth and creating markets for good merchandise? Herewith is shown one of the prize banners with a portrait of Prof. T. L. Haecker, one of the world's greatest au- thorities on dairj'ing, known as "The Father of the Co-operative Creameries," because, as founder also of the Minnesota Dairy School, he contributed more to up- building of the state's dairy and creamery industry than any other one man. For twenty vears he Avas Dairv Editor of FARM, iSTOCK & HOME, which fought his political battles and sustained all of his efforts to develop dairying. Sid- nev M. Owen, the paper's founder and editor, said: "If I have never done anything else worthy of credit, the help I have given Prof. Haecker ill pushing through his great work makes me feel that I have not lived in vain." Thus it may truly be said that "FARM, STOCK & HOME is the Paper that Founded the Farmers' Creameries." The story of the work of these two men is told on page 30. FARM, STOCK and HOME is the Paper That Founded the Farmers' Creameries Page Eight Th D o u hle-Profit S y stem of Dairying Markets Created by Individual and Centralized Creameries Mention must be made also of the markets af- forded by the individual creameries and the cen- tralizers, the direct competitors of the co-operative creameries. Most of the Individual Creameries are in the country, operated on the same plan as the Co-opera- tives except that they do not distribute their profits to their patrons. Many of their owners and stock- holders are farmers, however. They also produce good butter and afford a ready-cash market for cream. The Centralizers are city establish- ments, most of which are larger than any one country creamery. Minneapolis and St. Paul each has ten, Duluth has two and the state has 39. They draw cream shipments from a wide radius, including other states. Their large capacity makes them keen rivals of the co-operatives. But the latter have the advantage of being closer to fresh cream supplies and produce a higher grade of butter. With this they hold their own on the markets by merit. The centralizers afford a market for cream in many communities where dairy- ing is not far enough advanced or cows are not numerous enough to support a local creamery. This is a very valuable service. It has helped many localities to get a_ start in dairying, and has proven beneficial to the industry. Butter production' in Minnesota is di- vided among the three as follows : 1917 1918 Approximate Pounds Pounds Co-operative creameries 75,325,732 83,500,000 Individual creameries.. 12,919,109 14,000,000 Centralizers 33,860,054 35,000,000 Minnesota has also 85 cheese factories, which produced in 1917, 6,421,148 pounds of cheese worth $1,481,196.54 (1918 esti- mates, $1,640,054), and paid out to patrons for milk, $1,340,329.08. Fifty- two of these are co-operative also and so add to the Double-Profit System of Dair3dng. The Ice Cream factories, also buyers of separated cream, number about one hundred and are increasing rapidly now, stimulated by the ad- vancement of prohibition. Their production adds two million dollars more to the state's annual dairy wealth. Condensaries and powdered milk factories number three each. Another one of the twelve prize banners won by Minnesota in keen competition with other dairy states is shown below. The association that awards these prizes naturally includes in its mem- bership the most discriminating judges of good but- ter in the country. Another of the Banners Won by Minnesota Butter FARM, STOCK and HOME is the Paper That Founded the Farmers Creameries Page Nine MAP NO. 4 \KITTSON 'J^'osk'JW 6-0-0 i S - I -O %307 • 3.353 IfMARSHA'CU 7 9 -^ - O i 14.699 I Spolk^ ~^i7!fwiSWf} — I HOP MAN TmAH'nOUCW' II -o-o I z-o-o |\ 5-0-0 \ 10 - 2 - a IZ.4I7 \ 12.382 Utasca ^UBB>lRD'.cASS 4-2-0 B.40a AITKIN 26-2-0 42, 66/ ■JO. 251 ■JCROW " j. WING '3'- 3'-2-0 } 7. 35S^^j -o l-"V<^-J '^ l8-/-orj-/-tr^ \pFnc ' \ 10 -4-0 . TH AVE RSE. \BieSTON£[ vl-2-O JOTTERTAIL fVILKIN~l Wood I 14-0-0 j ■ 4-Z-o'y 12- 2 -I i 9,9/6 I /S,250 . WfEWNs\'POPE ^TEA PNS ^2-1-0 i 6-S-O 22-5 2 /OO I 15, 386 I ■^ L L L_ ~ - 1- 1 ; raw/ __ I490 io ^ / Mff>ff/?1lV/?/e//7- ■~^.-J ^■/\-' ,8-2-0 ,7- 7-0 f X"^ 1 5 % \ PAMSEY '^- "5 J J__ pifoo"! L A^rAjIn" ^- ^^^ WenvillE ■ ■] ,*-2-o \cAFVER-\_T~r^HENNtPIN \l.lNC0LI*^LrON . I X,^^ f 3-2-1 (_ ie.l9Z \ 15.376 y V^ \S-0-0\ 2-0-2 f£on-ooa ^-v,^j_ Jo,*a6_ _p:'sWuW^!ci\_ f-^oooHuE ~\ STATE TOTALS \/2 6e6; I54-30 i 4-4-0 \^'\niCOLlEf •7,.,,^ S-5-0\ 9-2-Z j~ ^ «.S«I ,7.27-, I ,^^^ LVicf I--' \QVIPARit I Z-l-O I /5; /4-f , \3S^i\e.750 .. ^EHTOtl ■ I I N, \5-4-0 I \iSANfi\CHIS I _!_± _]8-2-0C°'^ 42.S40 \^HEPBUm!Si 14.778 1//.^., '''^'44a\AN0KT\^'*'"> YOMI j l-w'^ ^^ \z-2-0 I \s-4-, h^^"^^ r!'^5'yT>^/3,^ h " MINNESOTA CREAMERIES AND DAIRY COWS 1919 \yELLOW MEO/CINe ! 2-2 I sn Key to Map ($ ^ S CREAMERIES 6 | ^ Shown Thus As In: *^ ^ '^ Stearns Co 22-5- z Dairy Cows No. ^2540 Co In Cen. 841 Creameries 645 - IS9- 39 Dairy Cows- I 368. 000 .t-^H. 23, 2oa \ It. las '9.-'^'' '« "75 I i/-/-0 j 2-2-0 j 10-0-0 7-3-1 j 1^-0-0 ■ 26-O-0\ s-s-O DOD6E _ 7-2-/ I /2, «e,y 1 /5 ,*/6 1 I I I I.. —^LLMORE [hOuJtOH 10-4-0 2a. 435 Figures Furnished By U.S. Dept or Asr. AND State Dairy 5 Fooo Dept. FARM, STOCK and HOME is the Paper that founded the Farmers' Creameries Compare with map No. 9 and notice how farmers in the developed Creamery and Dairy counties are buying automobiles, also that only one half of the state is a developed Dairy district. The other half has wonderful dairying possibilities. Copies of these maps furnished Free. Th D o u h I Profit S y s t e m of D a i r y i n ^ How tKe Double-Profit System Creates WealtK Minnesota Creameries Produce More Than $63,000,000 Worth of Butter and Pay Out Nearly $57,000,000 to Dairymen in 1918 The millions paid for butterfat go directly to the dairy farmer, in addition to all the profits on every pound sold by co-operative cream- eries. They manufacture about two-thirds of the total production. Cash settlements are made monthly or oftener and the farmer ac- tually receives 77 cents out of every dollar of the retail price. (See page 38.) The price paid for butterfat averaged in 1918 about 52 cents a pound by the co-operative creameries and about 48 cents by the others. The average price received for all butter was about 48.5 cents. Ramsey County, including St. Paul, and Hen- nepin County, including Minneapolis, with ten centralizers each, naturally lead in total pro- duction. Twenty-one other counties (Table No. 5) each produce from $1,000,000 to nearly $3,000,- 000 worth. Nearly all of them distribute more than $1,000,000 a year to farmers for butterfat. Of these, 11 lie south of the Twin Cities: Blue Earth, Faribault, Fillmore, Freeborn, Goodhue, Martin, Mower, Olmsted, Pipestone, Steele and Winona. Four lie directly west: Carver, Mc- Leod, Meeker and Wright. Six lie north; Douglas, Mille Lacs, Morrison, Ottertail, Stearns and Todd. TABLE NO. 3. HOW FARMERS' CREAMERIES DISTRIBUTE WEALTH. Summary of Reports Received from 233 Co-opera- tive Creameries in Different Sections of Min- nesota for March 1919, By A. J. Mc- Guire, Agricultural Extension Divi- sion, University of Minnesota. No. of Price Av. Net TABLE No. 5 Cream- Paid eries Butterfat 5 paid 77 cen 6 paid 76 cen 17 paid 75 cen 12 paid 74 cen 18 paid 73 22 paid 72 cen 16 paid 71 cen 30 paid 70 cen 17 paid 69 cen 18 paid 68 cen 12 paid 67 cen 13 paid 66 cen 12 paid 65 cen 7 paid 64 cen 6 paid 63 cen 5 paid 62 cen 2 paid 61 cen 5 paid 60 cen 2 paid 59 cen 4 paid 58 cen 3 paid 57 cen 1 paid 56 cen Average net p creameries, 70.5: Average net p cents. Av. Amt. Butter- fat Reed. 14,497 19,774 15.14"; 15,356 IS.liDO 10,630 14,793 8,858 9,571 6,999 5,259 5,004 6,625 6,016 9,931 8,508 5,964 5,175 9,352 5,558 6,103 6,607 ce paid by above 233 co-operative York extra butter, 61.82 ce Reed. - Butter 65.53 63.56 63.81 62.19 b;;.(jO 62.24 60.75 s 61.35 s 60.44 s 61.15 s 60.96 60.82 60.39 59.48 58.99 s 58.5 s 57.14 s 60.19 s 60.00 55.08 59.50 57.00 TABLE NO. 4. MINNESOTA DAIRY PROGRESS SINCE 1905. Creameries, Co- Ind. Butter Butter oper- and Made, Sold, ative Cent. Pounds Amt. Reed. 1906 555 171 86,217,727 $18,364,320.06 1910 560 190 95,668,216 26,946,296.53 1914 622 228 120,806,398 33,603,847.78 1918 643 198 132,878,546 63,467,652.77 Compiled June 15, 1919, from 1918 reports of Creameries, to James Sorenson, Minnesota Dairy and Food Commissioner. Approximate figures subject to revision in commissioner's final report. Totals. .\itltin .4noka Becker Beltrami- . . Benton Big Stone . . •Blue Earth. Brown Carlton. . . . Cfiippewa. Clay. Clearwater. . Cottonwood. Crow Wing.. Dakota Dodge *Douglas *Faribault .... *Fillmore •Freeborn. . . . •Goodhue. . . . Grant 1 Hennepin . . . Houston .... Hubbard .... Isanti Itasca Kandiyohi . . . Kittson Koochiching . La qui Parle . Le Sueur .... Lincoln Lyon •McLeod Mahnomen . . Marshall .... •Martin •Meeker •Mille Lacs . . . •Morrison.... •Mower Murray Nicollet Nobles Norman •Olmsted •Otter Tail. .. Pennington. . Pine Polk, 2 Ramsey. . Red Lake . Redwood. . Renville... Rock 3 St. Louis . Scott Sherburne . Sibley •Stearns •Steele Stevens Swift •Todd Traverse . . Wadena . . . . Waseca . . . . Washington Watonwan . Wilkin..... •Winona.... 4,56S 1,153 7,996 1,075 15,989 14,702 16,380 22,247 52,257 10,696 1,127 9,122 8,917 11,998 19,705 2,184 7,585 18,143 17,634 12,750 20,391 13,249 3,684 8,855 5,068 7.559 12,498 28,477 6,700 10,954 14,813 12,772 7.166 75,313 3,607 5,765 11,858 11,056 4,600 3.539 24,922 7,472 2,580 12,032 39,528 20,660 2,700 7,402 13.930 12,730 3.942| 7.286 1.500 13,581 22,186 6,478 762,229 175,792 773,311 101,119 1,124,465 2,827,237 243,086 397,221 1,940.407 425,004 320,326 540,659 160,485 681,901 1.125,665 2,701,448 2,302,597 2,380,201 3,888.872 2,569,426 736,161 8,016,293 1,454,419 107,017 i,e '8,111 112,561 927,758 496,850 1,107,734 529,716 13,500 77,083 1,442,379 1,020,593 1,955,231 3,521,653 171,525 660,634 2,732,370 2,544,174 2,123,131 2,133,127 1,863,858 484,035 1,276,871 860,785 587,262 2,205,307 3,363,258 771,660 1.50S.402 2,281,773 1,562,258 827,769 12,666,192 382,667 729,282 1,353,156 1,874,858 319,885 412,587 3,917,820 1,156,591 277,084 1,929,292 5,937,348 3,613,573 200,824 1,325,095 2,612,635 1,461,458 1,173,745 1,939,237 723,973 1,002,283 197,584 2,253,620 3.675,846 660.159 1,290,897.29 570,459.04 324,831.65 1,518,677.44 92,627.12 169,677.62 853,412.10 172,370,72 136,912.26 213,765.82 64,589.60 288,421.46 600,827.28 1,142,767.87 979,229.99 1,061,574.82 1,827,674.19 1,182,165.02 306,170.99 3,187.420.44 626,286.81 43,887.86 490,246.42 45,506.53 395,990.86 233.307.21 439,206.56 200,435.16 4,698.73 29,909.11 657,763.07 444,290.42 726,090.96 1,677.104.02 68,184.20 268.051.98 1,198.927.84 1,051.911.00 947,084.41 835,167.23 1,112,120.38 193.021.51 569,731.55 328,845.31 247,678.19 1,006,648.79 1,452,798.66 328,196.02 651,763.07 944.095.63 634,034.76 339,435,25 4,962,707.70 165,880,70 322,741.35 579,524.77 846,168.69 133.936.95 168,446.07 1,496.806.85 493,074.00 105,164.49 806,013.13 2.527,034.77 1,637.305.60 77,928.67 566,632.06 1,161,235.47 644,642.77 499,771.26 871,021.42 326,494.56 434.578.85 79,373.63 1,012.311.82 1,567,546.26 268,215.75 $63,467,652.77 8331,983.38 81,020.40 371,269.00 . 47,322.58 509,188.97 1,397,876.13 623,685.52 377,618.38 1,659,660,80 106,688.06 192,884.44 909,287.68 197,255.02 147,991.01 244,303.67 72,539.80 329,449.81 562,602.70 1,286,781.68 1,058,463.69 1,146,020.48 1,930,996.16 1,223,011.48 336,113.32 3,671,457.29 694,745.91 48,631.70 547,738.97 55,129.69 438,737.11 257,176.37 529,870.64 234,920.61 6,526.52 37,257.54 620.464.82 447,£ S.81 8.34,319.77 1,812,357.59 77.475.92 300.333.72 1,298,350.90 1.245,886 34 1,005,133.52 1,008.685.50 1,236,597.02 222,089.42 614,837.69 397,249.19 273,631.14 1,117,022.32 1,591,570.12 374,078.59 725,717.16 1,049,174.39 707,797.41 382,529.38 5,622,476.11 179.487.66 362,760.09 653,743.79 927,281.37 146.686.19 189,313.64 1,768,268.56 555,567.31 131,249.19 930,132.19 2,864,871.65 1,812,961.34 90,678.71 603,286.93 1,273,463.68 710.808.94 547,967.03 953,294.69 361,526.55 477,656.23 86,936.96 1,084,712.28 1,788.946 23 319.498.94 1 Ramsey County includes St. Paul. 2 Hennepin County includes Minneapohs. 3 St. Louis County includes Duluth. •Twenty-one other counties that each produ ; than a Million Doliai Th Double-Profit System of Dairying By-Products tKat EnricK tKe Dairyman How they Helped Him "Carry On" During the World War Three valuable by-products give to the creamery patrons a third profit and another advantage over other dairymen— natural fertilizer, skimmilk and young calves. The first is available on all livestock farms and is spread on the soil to renew fertility. Skimmilk, however, can be had only where cream is separated to make butter. It is the natural and most valuable feed for calves, pigs and chickens. Fed to them with grain it is used to build up the dairy herd; or marketed as pork, beef or poultry. This yields much greater profits than if the whole milk is sold to a cheese factory, condensary, or to market. So creamery patrons usually make a nice addi- tional profit out of hogs and they also build up their herds by saving the best heifer calves, which whole milk producers are obliged to slaughter at birth. The cost of raising them without skimmilk eats up their profit, when feed prices are as high as at present. This is a great advantage to Minnesota dairymen over Wisconsin patrons of cheese factories and con- densaries, which buy whole milk. While whey also may be fed, its value is only about one half that of skimmilk and it must be hauled back from the cheese factory at additional cost. Cream for butter-making, however, is usually separated on the farm and the skiinmilk never leaves it. Onh' 12 of Minnesota's 841 creameries take whole milk, 619 take separated cream alone, onl_v 210 take both. Between 75,000 to 80,000 hand separators are estimated to be in use, making plenty of skim- milk available. Experiments in Wisconsin show that, fed with grain, sl<"immilk is worth about one half as much as corn, or $1.00 to $1.25 per hundred pounds at 1919 prices. If sold as whole milk it brings very much less, or about one half this price, so thrifty farmers feed it at home. Prof. T. L. Haecker, founder of the co-operative creameries and of the Minnesota State Dairy School, adopted a policy of encouraging butter making instead cheese, because of the state's early need for building up its young- herds on skimmilk. Its real value was strikingly shown during the war. Market milk states had to sacrifice their herds heavily, because the feed shortage made calf raising prohibitive. This is one reason why dairy progress has halted in New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and parts of Iowa and Illinois. The butter and cheese making districts, however, all had an abund- ance of skimmilk or whej^ so they increased their herds rapid]}^, as shown by Tables No. 7 and 8. TABLE NO, 7 Increases of Ho|,s and Cattle, 1910-1919 in Important Dairy States Estimates Furnished by U. S. Department of Agriculture Hogs Cattle (Other than Dairy Cows Gain Since Gain Since 1910 Total, 1919 1910 Total, 1919 ''MINNESOTA 1,263,743 2,784,000 369,953 1,632,000 '^WISCONSIN 371,669 2,181,000 229,431 1,436,000 *NORTH DAKOTA 124,397 456,000 127,411 612,000 "SOUTH DAKOTA 644,279 1,654,000 330,488 1,496,000 * MONTANA 100,739 200,000 154,380 1,020,000 *IOWA •■ 3,379,147 10,925,000 (Loss 180,214) 2,861,000 New York 147,821 814,000 (Loss 2,409) 911,000 XUjnois 1,037,638 5,724,000 (Loss 23,354) 1,367,000 Texas (Loss 16,363) 2,320,000 (Loss 1,959,719) 3,961,000 Ohio 1,160,373 4,266,000 109,418 1,102,000 Pennsylvania 442,363 1,420,000 78,121 731,000 Kansas (Loss 619,157) 2,381,000 57,704 2,401,000 Missouri •. •• 504,806 4,943,000 76,948 1,782,000 Indiana ' 1,054,094 4,668,000 50,575 780,000 Nebraska 814,276 4,250,000 621,602 2,940,000 Michigan '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 109,167 1,355,000 (Loss 1,740) 729,000 U. S. Gain 17,401,324 U. S. Total 75,587,000 U. S. Gain 3,220,566 U. S. Total 44,399,000 * FARM, STOCK & HOME States. The Gains and Losses of Dairy Cows, 1910-1919 and 1917-1918, are shown on pages 2 and 3. FARM, STOCK and HOME is the Paper That Founded the Farmers Page Twelve Creameries Th Douhle-Profit S y s t e VI of D a I r y I n War-Times' Testing of the Co-operative System Lar^e ^ains of all Live Stock in 1917 and 1918 hy the Farm, Stock & Home Group The acid test was applied to this dairy region during the war. Minnesota and the Dakotas rolled up the greatest spring wheat crop in the Nation's . history, and at the same time increased their live- stock rapidly. All butter making districts, with their abundance of cheap skimmilk, increased their Dairy Herds, Other Cattle and Hogs during 1917 and 1918. Gains of Dairy Cows MINNESOTA gained 66,000 dairy cows, or more than any other state except Ohio (80,000). This was more than the gain in Wisconsin (53,000), where cheese and condensed milk predominate, taking whole milk and leaving no skimmilk. South Dakota and Montana each gained 37,000, North Dakota 4,000. Other important dairy states like New York, Iowa, Texas, Pennsylvania, Michigan and Nebraska lost heavily, as shown by Table No. 2 on page 3 — "Gains and Losses of Cows, 1917- 1918." Gains of Other Cattle MINNESOTA gained 232,000 other cattle, or more than twice as many as Wisconsin, Iowa, Illi- nois, Pennsylvania or New York, and more than Clhio, Kansas, Missouri, Indiana, or any other state except Nebraska or South Dakota. SOUTH DA- KOTA gained 246,000. See Table No. 8, below. Gains of Swine MINNESOTA also gained 709,000 hogs, or more than five times as many as Wisconsin, and about half as many as the greatest hog state, Iowa. No other state except Ohio and Illinois gained as many hogs as Minnesota. SOUTH DAKOTA gained 222,000. See Table No. 8 below. The great advantage that co-operative butter- making districts, with their skimmilk by-product, have over other dairy districts could not be better proven than by these tables : TABLE NO. 8 Gains and Losses, Ho^s and Cattle, 1917 and 1918, in Important Dairy States Estimates Furnished by the U. S. Department of Agriculture *MINNESOTA 'WISCONSIN *NORTH DAKOTA. *SOUTH DAKOTA. *MONTANA *IOWA New York Illinois Texas Ohio Pennsylvania . Kansas Missouri Indiana Nebraska Michigan . . . . U. S. Gain. Hogs Gained 709,000 121,000 222,666 1,555,660 55,000 ,280,000 739,660 246,000 663,666 698,000 50,000 10,000 1,084,000 * FARM, STOCK & HOME States. The Gains and Losses of Dairy Cows, 1917-1918, are shown on page 3. The Gains of Dairy Cows, 1910-1919, are shown on page 3. Hogs Cattle (other than Dairy Cows) Lost Gained 232,000 96,000 Lost 194,666 ' 246,666 38,666 69,000 20,000 107,000 ' 1 16,66o 28,666 909,000 " 202,666 67,000 1,521,666 154,666 201,000 132,000 45,000 415,000 i',666 U. S. Gain 2,710,000 FARM, STOCK and HOME is the Paper That Founded the Farmers' Creameries Page Thirteen Th D o u hle-Profit System of Dairying Co-operation in the Farm, Stock & Home Group Leads tKe United States Besides its lead as to creameries, Minnesota has Federal Farm Loan Associations a larger total of farmers' co-operative enterprises The FARM, STOCK & HOME group is among (2,950) than anj^ other state. Iowa was second, the leading states as to co-operative loan associa- Wisconsin third. North Dakota fourth, and the tions, as shown by the following table furnished by United States had about 12,300 in 1914-1915, accord- J^^g^^^"^^ ^''^™ ^°^'' ^^"^" °^ S*- P''^^^' ^^^^' ^' ing to a survey by the U. S. Office of Markets and T. 1 ^ ■ ^- /■□ 11 4.- C/iVN Loans Total Amount Rural Organizations (Bulletin 547). Associations Completed Loaned „, ^ ^ ^. -, ^,7 r • Minnesota 117 2,689 $7,548,600 In the 23 states reporting were 1,637 farmers ^^^.^^ Dakota ... 164 4,764 14,086,800 grain elevators and warehouses doing a total annual South Dakota ... 77 1,448 5,495,950 business of $234,529,716.00. North Dakota reported Sonsin ' ! ! . ! ! i! 7} M59 ISoS 264, Minnesota, 241, Iowa 228, South Dakota 135. This money was loaned for the following purposes: „, ' T-T -^ J Oi .^ 1 J e cnn :„„ „„^ -i Knn Buy land 8%, buildings and improvements 10%, imple- The United States had 5,500 creameries and 3,500 ^/^,^ ^^^ equipment 3%, buy bank stock 5%, buy live- cheese factories. stock 4%, pay mortgages 60%, other debts 10%. TABLE NO. 9 SUMMARY OF FARMERS' CO-OPERATIVE MOVEMENT IN MINNESOTA Value of Business 1917 1913 1917 1913 Creameries ^'^3 613 $31,012,000 $21,675,252 Elevators (1917 crop) '.'.'.'. 360 270 45,000,000 24,000,000 Livestock Shipping Associations 400 115 33,000,000 6,000,000 Cheese Factories 52 34 986,000 637,224 Stores 102 115 6,500,000 4,250,000 Potato Warehouses". 15 20 300,000 100,000 Fire Insurance Companies (1915) 159 154 712,606 696,732 *Telephone Companies 950 600 1,200,000 900,000 **Miscellaneous 275 86 loial 2,950 2,000 $118,710,000 $58,260,000 * Total in state, 1,400, including stock companies. ** Includes 100 buying clubs, 75 horse breeding associations, 28 breeding associations, 25 county breeders asso- ciations, 28 co-operative bull associations, 15 cov? testing associations, 7 farmers' lumber yards, 12 miscellaneous. From Minnesota State Bxilletin No. 184, "Farmers' Co-operation in Minnesota, 1913-1917," by Prof. Black and Frank Robotka, June, 1919 MAP NO. 6 MAP NO. 5 WISCONSIN CHEESE AND BUTTER DISTRICTS LOCATION OF IOWA'S CREAMERIES From Dairy Commissioner's Report Iowa's 451 creameries are largely in the north- ern counties in which FARM, STOCK & HOME circulates. Co-operative creameries number 251. Production estimates are shown on page 17. Increase in Cheese Production 1909-1917 Counties Showing an Increase in Butter Production 1909-1917 From Dairy Commissioner's Bulletin Wisconsin butter production has increased largely in western counties, where FARM, STOCK & HOME circulates. The state as a whole gained 665 cheese factories, 1909-1917, and lost 147 creameries. FARM, STOCK and HOME is the Paper That Founded the Farmers' Creameries Page Fottrteen Th Douhle-Profit System of Dairying, Co-operation in tKe OtKer Farm, Stock and Home States FARM, STOCK & HOME'S circulation covers exactly the dairy districts of Minnesota, northern Iowa, western Wisconsin, the Dakotas, and Montana, where the Double-Profit System of creamery butter making is most highly developed. In Minnesota it reaches more than half the farms. For several years it has had the largest total circulation in this group. There is a reason. It is the dairyman's favorite paper, because it is "The Paper that Founded the Farmers' Creameries." It is directly responsible for the development of this system in the Northwest. The story of its work and of the paper's editors, who had a large part in the building-up of this great Dairy industry, is told on pages 30 and 31. Detailed statements as to circulation distribution will be sent free on rec^uest. Wisconsin WISCONSIN, first dairy state, is also the leading cheese producing state. Its 1918 production of $76,248,547.00 was an increase of more than 90% over 1909. It has 2,593 cheese' factories as com- pared with 1,928 in 1910. It gained 227 from 1916 to 1918. Many of these are co-operative, distribut- ing their profits to patrons. . They have crowded the butter factories into the western counties, where FARM, STOCK & HOME circulates, near to the Twin City and Duluth markets in Minnesota, as shown by Map No. 6 on the opposite page. The state had 1,005 creameries in 1910 and 858 in 1918. Creameries decreased 65 from 1916 to 1918. Many of them produce both cheese and butter, and about one-half are co-operative. ■ The creameries produced 101,325,285 pounds of butter in 1917, or 3.8% less than in 1910, but it sold for about ten million dollars more ($39,583,037.00). The 1918 estimate is $49,649,391.00. In the western counties, however, increases of creameries and butter production were made. See Map No. 6. Conditions here are about the same as in Minnesota. Dairymen realize the feeding value of the skimmilk by-product of butter-making, already shown on page 12, to be higher than when sold as whole milk. \Msconsin's 53 condensaries are also largely in eastern counties. They bought 747,540,078 pounds of milk, worth $22,815,693.75 in 1918, an increase of more than 260% over 1910. Most of them are not co-operative, however. Condensed milk and cheese 'production were both greatly stimulated- by the war, as these products are more easily stored and transported than butter, which is more perish- able. Iowa Iowa's 451 creameries are shown by Map No. 5 to be largely within FARM, STOCK & HOME'S territory in the northern counties. Co-operative factories number 251. The state's total dairy pro- duction is shown on page 17. North Dakota, South Dakota and Montana Farmers in these three states are turning rapidly from wheat raising to dairying, just as in the earlier days in Wisconsin, Minnesota and Iowa. Cream- eries are multiplying, as dairy cows increase. The centralizers still afford a good market. FARM, STOCK & HOME is assisting this development with constant educational service as to dairying, co- operation and marketing. North Dakota J. J. Osterhaus, Dairy Commissioner, says : "In 1918 several creameries indicated an interest in im- proved marketing methods. The North Dakota Federated Creameries' Association has been formed, thirteen creameries joined together to purchase sup- plies co-operatively and standardize the quality of their product. This department acts as business manager, inspecting grades and weights, and locat- ing the best markets for carload lots. Butter ship- ments formerly varied in appearance, color, pack- age, composition and flavor. Remarkable improve- ment has been noted. Several creameries are receiv- ing one-half to one and a half cents net per pound more than before. A similar organization will be effected in eastern North Dakota." South Dakota A. P. Ryger, State Dairy Expert, says : "The war has had no detrimental effect on the dairy industry in the state. It is hoped our farmers will consider dairying's importance as an economic necessity and not dispose of cows because of high prices of feed and labor. The 1917 dairy production is about 5% less than 1916, but higher prices gave an increase in value of about six million dollars. Prices are increasing as people come to realize that there are no foods cheaper than milk, cream, butter, cheese and ice cream." Montana Wm. H. Feluhr, Dairy Commissioner, says: "Montana is being noticed for its rapid growth in dairying. We have made a very creditable showing the past four years and will make a wonderful showing the next four. We have much activity now in silo building and crops being raised for silage. With the coming of homesteaders to Mon- tana we have had a great increase in dairying, as evidenced by the increase in our factories. Four years ago we had 20 creameries and no cheese fac- tories. Today we have 62 creameries and thirteen cheese factories. They have had good prices and a good season." FARM, STOCK and HOME is the Paper That Founded the Farmers' Creameries Page Fifteen The Douhle-Profit S y s t e m o f D a I V y I n 1t$^ '* iiifeiifflLs ■■■"' , ^ ->Amm ^innix ^ HOME OF W. F. SCHILLING, D;^ Spring Brook Farm, One Mile South of Northfield, Minn. One of the Farms ! MORE THAN HALF f A BILLION DOB COMPARISON OF THE 1918 PRODUCTION IN THE FOUR GREATESTII Minnesota Leads the U. S. in Creamery Butter, Wisconsin in Chee Total Dairy Production Total Creamery Butter Creamery By-Products Farm Butter Farm Cheese Factory Cheese Cheese Factory By-Products Market Milk and Cream Ice Cream Condensed and Powdered Milk Skimmilk, Whey, Buttermilk, Etc Other Dairy Prodvicts Total Farms (United States Estimate, 1919) Total Dairy Cows (United States Estimate, 1919) Total Creameries , Total Co-operative Creameries Cheese Factories Cream Stations Ice Cream Factories Condensaries I-'owdered Milk Factories Silos (1916 Estimate) Cream Separators Cow-Testing- Associations, 1918 Minnesota $133,792,951 63,467,653 50,000 2,474,105 21,200 1,640,054 * * * 23,981,914 2,083,476 312,000 39,762,549 * * * 157,000 1,368,000 841 643 85 95 3 3 16,000 80.000 26 Wisconsin $221,659,813 49,649,391 3,564,550 3,896,715 231,347 76,248,547 271,112 36,181,996 1,534,572 22,815,694 27,265,889 * * * 182,000 1,803,000 859 430 2,593 53 55,992 82 COMPILED FROM DATA FURNISHED BY STATI JAMES SORENSON, Da GEORGE J. WEIGLE, Dairy and Food Commissioner, Wisconsin. J. J. OSTERHAUS, Dairy Commissioner, North Dakota. w. :i A. P. RYGER, si FARM, STOCK and HOME is the Paper That Founded the Farmers Page Sixteen • r e amevie s The Douhle-Profit System of D a i r y i n DITOR. FARM, STOCK AND HOME Brds That Have Made Northfleid a Famous Center for Holstein-Friesian Cattle. K"^ :&' GLENCOE CO-OPERATIVE CREAMERY, GLENCOE, MINNESOTA Another Distributor of Wealth to Dairymen. ARS' WORTH OF DAIRY PRODUCTS vIRY STATES, AND THE THREE FASTEST GR'OWING DAIRY STATES. ')wa in Farm Dairy Butter, N. Y. in Condensed and Market Milk. Iowa New York North Dakota South Dakota Montana $119,248,831 $208,084,590 $25,182,774 $24,745,600 $12,222,000 38,806,989 * * * 7,005,564 9,513,635 * * * * * * 12,102,000 * * * 2,500,000 * * * 30,978,552 * * * 2,319,569 2,684,000 750,000 * * :!= * * * 43,504 * * * * * * 118,980 14,800,996 * ^■= * * * --j: 375,000 * * =•: 218,723 * * * * * * * * * 31,410,000 98,338,854 10,828,233 4,720,000 8,212,000 5,513,997 33,336,441 * * * 1,050,000 385,000 420,313 53,168,023 . * * * * * * * * ^ 12,000,000 259,059 2,477,833 4,189,600 * * * * * -■;. 956,930 * * * * * * * * t- 215,000 215,000 95,000 95,000 36,000 1,381,000 1,478,000 429,000 561,000 197,000 451 213 48 78 62 251 * * * 13 38 * :|.- * 24 766 2 1 13 * * * * * * 143 * * * * * * 493 115 * * * 55 65 3 59 * * * * * * * * ;■; * * * 8 *.-!:* * * * ■ * =1: * 23,000 42,846 2,000 3,000 150 107,853 ^ ^ ^: J}; ^ ^ ♦ * ^: * * * 30 43 * * * * * * * 'K ♦ .IRY AND FOOD DEPARTMENTS AS FOLLOWS: NEY, Dairy and Food Ccmn issioner and PROF. M. MORTENSEN, Iowa State College, Iowa. GEO. E. HOGUE. Directo ■ of Dairy Bureau, New York. ry Expert, SoutK Dakota. W. H. FELUHR, Dairy Cotnmissioner, Montana. FARM, STOCK and HOME is the Paper That Founded the Farmers' Creameries Page Seventeen The Douhle-Profit System of D a i r y i n DUCHESS SKYLARK UKllSBY World's greatest dairy cow. Champion of all breeds; a Hol- stein cow of M?iTinesota: 55S.10 lbs. milk; 34. D6 lbs. butterfat, 7 days; 27.761,50 lbs. milk; 1.506.36 lbs. butterfat. 365 days. Her owner writes to FARM, STOCK & HOME: "We are very much impressed these days with the need of intelUgent use of dairy products, with ref- erence to their food value as compared with other sources of food. The practical phase of this with the farmer is to develop his resources, especially his dairy cattle, to their greatest production, and see to it that those cows are developed which will give a profitable return for feed consumed. We ap- preciate the interest your paper has taken to these ends and we believe that the good work you are doing will be of permanent value in educating and directing the work along dairy lines." Sincerely yours, JOHN B. IRWIN. Pure Bred Live Stock in the Northwest A beautiful little bull calf, six months old, a Hol- stein aristocrat, sold at auction for $106,000.00 in Wisconsin in 1918. His half brother, two years old, sold in May, 1919, for $125,000.00. These events, and the record above of the great- est dairy cow in world's history, are examples of the character of pure-bred dairy cattle in the FARM, STOCK & HOME group. This wonderful animal was a Minnesota cow, of Minnesota parent- age and ancestry. At Schroeder Farms, Moorhead, Minn., right on the Dakota line, an auction sale of 75 pure-bred cattle was held by the Minnesota Holstein Breed- ers' Association, June 12, 1919. The average price received was $2,895, which leads any other state sale anywhere by $450. One Minnesota bred cow, Jenny Wren Pietertje, shown herewith, was sold for $10,100 to a Waukesha county, Wisconsin firm, which also paid $10,000 for another cow. Still an- other Minnesota cow also brought $10,000. A Wis- consin and Minnesota partnership paid $65,000 for .Sir Pietertje Ormsby Mercedes 41st, a Minnesota bull of such conformation, blood lines and perform- ance as is rarely surpassed in this country. This is the highest price ever received in the state, and JEXXY WREN PIETERTJE A Minnesota bred Holstein cow that sold for $10,100 at auction to a Wisconsin firm at the Moorhead, Minn., sale, June 12, 1919. it is said there have been but two higher in this country. Even Wisconsin, therefore, is coming to Minnesota and pajdng these enormous prices for choice pure-bred breeding stock. As a pure-bred cattle region the FARM, STOCK & HOME group is already in the front rank. It produces some of the finest breeding stock in the world. It is impossible to estimate its total value. One can easily see how much greater is the value of Duchess Skylark Ormsby, producing 27,761.5 pounds of milk, compared Avith the average cow of the United States producing about 4,000 pounds, or of Minnesota, 4,275 pounds a year. Compare her value also with that of the 1,000 pound steer cited in Armour & Company's pub- licity, which sold in Chicago for $160, yielding only 565 pounds of dressed beef, worth $141.25, after removing hide, hoofs and inedible parts. He had to be fed two years and then slaughtered before the farmer cashed in. This cow, however, produced 1,506.36 pounds of pure butterfat in one year and will leave the impress of her ability on all her progeny. Another Minnesota cow, Jean Duluth Beauty, shown herewith, is world champion Red Polled cow, Yearly record 20,280.6 pounds of milk, 891.56 pounds of butterfat. Read her owner's letter to FARM, STOCK & HOME on the opposite page. Even with hundreds of breeders raising breeding stock, the demand in the Northwest has exceeded the supply for years. The industry is growing so fast that nobody seems able to keep up with an estimate of its progress. For years FARM, STOCK & HOME preached the gospel of better livestock. Today the North- western dairyman has before him so rfiany examples of good breeding that he does not need to be told of its value. He buys it about as fast as he can raise the money to invest. All the dairy breeds are represented — Flolstein, Guernsev, Jersey, Ayrshire, Red Polled, Brown Swiss, Dutch Belted, and Milk- insJ' .Shorthorn. FARM, STOCK and HOME is the Paper That Founded the Farmers' Creameries Page Eighteen Th D o u hle-Profit S y s t e m of Dairying SIR PIETERTJE ORMSBY MERCEDES 41ST A Minnesota bred Holsteir bull that sold for $6S,000 at auc- tion to a Wisconsin and Minnesota partnership at the Moor- head. Minn., sale. .June 12. 1919. The Northwest Leads in Conv Testing, Associations The cow testing associations are demonstrating the value of pure-bred stock and FARM, STOCK & HOME is bending every effort to assist this movement by giving wide distribvition to the results of their work in its territory. The Northwest is already in the front rank as to these associations. In 1918 the United States had 353, with 9,778 members milking 168,348 cows. Wis- consin lead the country with 82, Iowa had 30 and Minnesota 26. They originated in Denmark in, 1895 and in this country in 1906. According to Prof. W. A. McKerrow, leader of the government's dairy extension work in Minne- sota, records in Denmark show that they increased the average butterfat production in twenty years from 120 to 200 pounds, and are one of the indus- try's best assets. They establish business efficiency by giving an accurate record of each cow's perform- ance at the pail. One good effect is the weeding out of unprofitable "boarder" cows. The testers found on many farms that 20 per cent of the cows produced less than the value of their feed, and some other cows that made up the loss. These facts could be found out only by testing each cow. Another result is better feeding methods. Minne- sota records show increases in value of product of $8, with increased feeding costs of only $2. Thev also show that a fairly good cow will make a profit with certain feeding combinations which can be proven to be profitable only by testing, but not in the old haphazard way. They also prove the profits gained by good management, convenient, well- equipped and comfortable barns, good ventilation, heat and light. The tester is well worth while if only to test separators. In Minnesota over 60 per cent were JEAN DULUTH BEAUTY World's champion Red Polled cow. A Minnesota cow. yearly record: 20.2S0.6 lbs. milk, S91.56 lbs. butterfat. Owned D\ .Jean DuLuth Farm. NMckerson. Minn.. George P. Grout, managing ow^ner. Her owner writes thus: "Farm, Stock & Home has been a welcome visitor in our home since my early boyhood, but at no time has it been more eagerly sought than now. We have followed with intense interest the stand your splendid paper has taken in the 'Preparedness Pro,!jram' and have noted the valuable counsel and efficient assistance you have given the farmers of the Northwest at this time of our Nation's great need. Because of the practical nature of the articles published each issue for years, you have secured the ear of the farmer, which has enabled you to do a world of good. You will continue to exert a wonderful influence so long as you maintain the high standard you have set in your articles. The fact that such a worthy maga- zine as the Literary Digest makes frequent favor- able mention of your reading matter, should bespeak its worth in no uncertain terms. As a farm paper we would not know what to do without F. S. & H. — Yours very truly, Geo. P. Grout, Managing Owner of Jean DuLuth Farm." found to be doing a poor job through fault of the operator — too slow turning, lack of cleanliness, wobbly bowls, needed repairs or replacements. All the standard makes were found to be making good, if properh^ handled. Minnesota Has Healthiest Herds Prof. McKerrow also states that buyers all over the country are coming to Minnesota for breeding stock because less tuberculosis exists among its cattle than in any other intensive dairy state. The Minnesota Livestock Board has always taken the greatest precautions against it. When the government established a system of federal accred- ited herds, Minnesota was the first state to take up the work. It leads all others on the accredited "tuberculosis-free" list. In 1898, out of 27,216 cattle tested. 9.4% reacted. In 1918, only 2.4% of those tested reacted. In the following six months the percentage was less. Suspected cattle killed at the South St. Paul market showed only 1.9% infec- tion. Other markets showed 3.8.% ■ = ■■ m FARM, STOCK and HOME is the Paper That Founded the Farmers' Creameries Page Nineteen Th D o u hle-Profit System of Dairying The Present and Future Demand There are two reasons why the future never looked brighter for these dairy states that have entrenched themselves behind the Double-Profit System. High prices for dairy products will con- tinue for years to come because the world demand is tremendous. Thev are the best equipped to sup- ply it. The Demand at Home Before the war the United States had 22.3 cows per hundred people. In 1918 the ratio was 22.1. Dairy cows increased 13.7% since. 1910 and popula- tion 14.3%.. It is plain that a much greater in- crease must be made to keep pace even with the demand here. The United States Government started a cam- paign in 1918 to show the food value of dairy prod- ucts and increase their consumption. The National Dairy Council has been doing the same thing by advertising. National prohibition is reported to be increasing the demand everywhere for milk and ice cream. All over the country, buildings in good locations that were used as retail liquor establish- ments are being turned into ice cream and soft drink parlors, with a corresponding increase in ice cream liictories and production. Enormous Increase of Exports This country has increased its exports and de- creased its imports of dairy products enormously since 1914. Butter exports were seven times, cheese exports twenty-seven times, condensed milk fifteen times, the pre-war figures in the year ending June 30, 1917. Table No. 10, furnished by the United States Dairy Division, shows the totals and comparisons for six vears, 710,000,000 pounds im- ported in 1914; 1,930,000,000 pounds exported in 1918. The Demand Abroad Carl Vrooman, Assistant Secretary of Agricul- ture, says : "Dairy herds of the Old World are TABLE NO. 10 U. S. BALANCE OF TRADE IN DAIRY PRODUCTS All dairy products are figured in terms of milk. Imports 1913 375,000,000 pounds 1914 710,000,00) pounds Exports 1915 210,000,000 pounds 1916 750,000,000 pounds 1917 1,475,000,000 pounds 1918* 1,930,000,000 pounds ^Estim ated. depleted to an appalling degree. There is not a country in Europe where people have enough dairy products, and this process of depletion has made a demand ten-fold greater than the supply. Europe comes to us with outstretched hands and says : "We must have milk ; give us butter, give us cheese, give us dairy cattle to build up our dairv herds again." A letter to FARM, STOCK & HOME from the Food Administration as to the dairy situation in Europe on May 7, 1919, says : "It is known from reports of representatives now in Europe that there are insufficient meats and fats in Europe to supply their needs. Due to exist- ing conditions, it is impossible to measure their needs statistically. According to the Allied Relief Association, the need applies more to fats and simi- lar foods rather than to proteins. The herds of cattle in most of Europe have been reduced some- what below normal, but there are no figures avail- able showing the proportion that are dairy cattle. In most of the European countries, however, the majority are dairy cattle. It is probable that in the reduction of cattle a greater percentage of meat animals have been slaughtered than dairy cattle. The enclosed table gives the latest and most com- plete information which we have on the changes of number of cattle in Europe." — Edwin F. Gaj^ Di- rector, Central Bureau of Planning and Statistics, Washington, D. C. TABLE NO. 11 NUMBER OF LIVE CATTLE ON HAND BEFORE AND AFTER THE OUTBREAK OF Before the War Country Date Number Belgium 1913 1,849,000 France 1913 14,788,000 Italy 1914 6,646,000 Roumania 1911 2.667,000 Denmark 1914 2,463,000 Netherlands 1913 2.097,000 Norway 1914 1,146,000 Sweden 1913 2,721,000 Switzerland 1911 1,443,000 Spain 1913 2.879.000 United Kingdom 1914 12,145,000 Germany* 1913 20,443,827 * Without Alsace-Loraine. Total 71,287,827 Net change Latest Date Date Number 400,000 12,443,000 5,400,000 1,050,000 2,142,000 2,301,000 1,119,000 3,020,000 1,616,000 3,071,000 12,311,000 17,226,855 1918 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 1916 1917 1916 1916 1918 1918 WAR IN EUROPE Change Decrease Increase 1,449,000 2,345,000 1,246,000 1,617,000 321,000 62,099,855 27,000 3,216,972 10,221,972 9,187,972 204,000 299,666 173,000 192,000 166,000 FARM, STOCK and HOME is the Paper That Founded the Farmers' Creameries Page T-wenty Th D o u h I Profit S y s t e m of D a I r y I n WKere tKe World's Supplies Must Come From So much for the demand. Where is the increased supply to come from? This survey proves that the FARM, STOCK & HOME group is the logical place to look to for greater production than ever. It is already the best able to supply present de- mands. It is the natural dairy region of America. Dairying on the Cut-Over Lands In their cut-over timber lands, Minnesota and Wisconsin have the finest natural but undeveloped dairy region in the country. Clover grovi^s here like a weed. Corn acreage is advancing northward every year and corn can now be grown an)'-where for ensilaoe. There are thousands of lakes and running streams. Settlers here find that cows and dairying solve their problems better than any other system. Both states have plans for helping them with road building and land clearing. A large new dairy development is at hand. Markets are nearby, because consumer population in the mining dis- tricts north of Duluth and Superior has multiplied more rapidly than the farming development. Besides these lands, the great plains and valleys of the Dakotas, and of Montana east of the Rockies, are about the only unoccupied pioneer farming country left in the United States. Thej^ oft'er a fine field for dairy expansion as shown below. TABLE MO. 12 INCREASE IN NUMBER OF FARMS SINCE 1909 Estimates furnished by U. S. Department of Agriculture. Crop Acreage Compare these States with those in opposite column: Crop Acreage MINN. Increased 863 Farms WIS. Increased 4,873 Farms N. DAK. Increased 20,640 Farms S. DAK. Increased 18,356 Farms MONT. Increased 9,786 Farms Increased 1,271,563 Acres 770,920 Acres 2,409,244 Acres 3,618,228 Acres 2,996,887 Acres Iowa Decreased 2,044 Farms New York, No increase. Ohio Decreased 2,045 Farms Pennsylv'a. Decreased... 1,295 Farms Illinois Decreased 6,872 Farms Indiana, No Increase . . . Increased 1,238,075 Acres 121,269 Acres 30,390 Acres 550,438 Acres 1,453,084 Acres 1,432,605 Acres MAP NO. 7— IMPROVED LAND IN THE U. S Shaded portions show extent, not the location, of improved lands. — Courtesy DuPont Magazine. FARM, STOCK and HOME is the Paper That Founded the Farmers' Creameries Page Twenty-one Q. itj ^ ko Page Twenty Uvo Th D o u h I Profit S y s t e m of D a i r y I n MercKandisin^ Opportunities A complete survey of the farm market and demand for ^ood merchandise in the Northwest has been made by the Service Department of FARM, STOCK and HOME, It reveals some wonderful opportunities for manufacturers. Hundreds of our readers have told w^hat equipment they have — what merchandise they are buying, — w^hat their plans are for the future. A typical example is show^n below^. The facts can only be briefly outlined in this booklet. Our advertising repre- sentatives will gladly g,ive you further details. You are invited to ask for this service w^hich is free. A lar^e amount of dairy statistical data has also been collected in preparing, this booklet. It is available to anyone asking, for it. TKe Dairyman as a Ready Buyer of Good MercKandise Perhaps the best way to picture the double-profit dairy farmer as a customer for all kinds of quality goods is to give a typical example, chosen from the survey, because it represents an average dairyman in the FARM, STOCK & HOME group. It shows the type of farmer who reads the paper and also the wide variety of merchandise he buys. He writes : Farm — Owns his own, 480 acres worth $50 an acre, or $24,000. Home — Frame dwelling 26x30, hardwood floors — has pump with engine and pressure tank, cistern and bath room. Planning hot water heat in 1919. Home Furnishings — Has phonograph, guitar, typewriter, engine-driven washing machine. Buys Ivory soap by box. Clothing — Buys made-to-order suits. Magazines— Takes FARM, STOCK & HOME, Successful Farming, Farm & Fireside, Literary Digest, Non-Partisan Leader, Shorthorn World, two dailies and three country weeklies. Co-operative Concerns — Member Co-operative Creamery and Farmers' Co-operative Elevator Co. Business Man — Keeps a record of farm accounts. Other Buildings— Barn 28x48 and 16x48, with 60- ton hay mow and lightning rods ; a 6,000-bushel granary with power grain cleaner; a 16x18 hog house ; a 14x20 poultry house. —Steel gates; woven wire fencing. -LTses 10 gallons paint a 3'ear. Paints Fences- Paints— buildings ever}^ two years ; also wagons and drills. Buys shingles. Livestock — One Shorthorn bull, 10 milch cows, 14 horses, 5 hogs, 50 chickens. Farm Power — Automobile, tractor with individ- ual thresher, grinding engine, pumping engine. Planning for electric power in 1919. Mail Order Buying— About $150 to $300 a year. Machinery and Equipment — Wagon, grain tank, gang and sulky plows, manure spreader, grain drill, disc harrow, soil packer, binder, thresher, mower, hay rake, cream separator, feed grinder, silo filler, corn harvester, cultivator, planter, tank heater, seed corn tester, 10 sets harness. Planning to Get in 1919 — New machine shed; silo, incubator, rural telephone, electric power, hot water heat. Expresses need for — Better buildings, better roads, better markets, a livestock shipping associa- tion. Adds this remark: "FARM, STOCK & HOME is doing splendid work. I consider it 100% efficient, giving splendid service, and I, for one, appreciate it. In a few years hence grain raising will be a side issue here, as people are going into livestock rapidly. The more livestock you preach the better for us all." FARM, STOCK and HOME is the Paper That Founded the Farmers' Creameries Page Twenty-three - MAP No. 9 KOOCHICHING ST. LOUIS I O^cl Duluth) MINNESOTA Autos and Trucks Jan. 10, 7579 (not Motorcycles) Population per Car- 1Z Total Cars - 20'^.GG5 Key to Map Population per Car Shown Thus - S Autos and Trucks - 3.3 5(> No. OF Farms (1910J - ?./39 Population Figured from I^/Q c£ns(/s buf?eau estimates . \yrLWn MLDICINE I £■-*, j ;, e-^o Wncol^Ty'on I \ 7\ S W I i,-*07 :. j I.304 \ Np£ pi 1 STONE. I \RdcK Jnobles Tjack&on 'Xmartin I « j ^ j 7 £ I.20S j i,ai9 I i.9oe, i z isi •,37* \ I.S^ST \ \FARIBAULT \FRCCB6rn" \ f^p^y^fj i -^ i ^ \ I 3.3S6 2.&'i3 I 2.SZ'f These CounriEs Have Towns of" /Oooo Off MoffE BLUE EARTH HENNEPIN RAM5E r STEARNS ST LOUIS WASHINGTON WINONA CREAMERIES CREATE AUTOMOBILE SALES Compare with map No. 4, "Cows and Creameries in Minnesota" and with Table No. 14 on theopposite pafee. All of the Creamery „ _, Counties are the great automobile buying counties. Copies of these maps furnished Free. Page Twenty-fou Th D o u h I Profit System of Dairying MercKandisin^ AUTOMOBILES Our Automobile Survey sent free on request. The influence of this dairying system on automobile sales is strikingly shown by the map on the opposite page and on page 22, The United States had one auto- mobile to every 18 people in January, 1919, and the FARM, STOCK & HOME Group had one to every ten people. The only other group of states that compares with this high percentage of car ownership is Nebraska, Iowa and Kansas. Farmers Own the Most Cars Careful surveys in Minnesota show that at least SS% of all cars are owned by farmers. This estimate is borne out by the map of Minnesota showing the car registra- tion by counties, on the opposite page. The line drawn on the map from Chisago County on the east ,to Polk County in the northwest, divides the highly developed dairy districts of the southern half from the rich lumber- ing, iron mining and undeveloped dairy districts of the northern half. Compared with Map No. 4, "Cows and Creameries in Minnesota," on page 10, it shows conclu- sively that the counties where creameries are best de- veloped have also the highest car registrations per capita. It is also shown by Table No. 13, below. Our Automobile Survey FARM, STOCK & HOME has made a survey which proves that the paper has actually influenced the sales of cars to its readers during the past seven years. It shows the advertising lineage carried and the number of cars owned by its readers in representative Minnesota counties, and will be sent free on request. Opportunities The growth of this industry in the FARM, STOCK & HOME Group is shown by Table No. 14, below. TIRES The farmer does not have the benefit, in many cases, of paved roads, but must take what lies before him. This makes his tire consumption higher than that of town people, who drive on paved streets or on good roads near to town. Naturally he is a large buyer of tires, and a close student of tire advertising to find out the best one for his purpose. A survey of FARM, STOCK & HOME readers shows the following: TIRE INVESTIGATION Number of Subscribers Reporting 178 Influenced by Tire Advertising in farm papers 76.3 Buy Tires from Mail Order Houses 23.6 Buy Tires from Hardware Dealer 17.9 Buy Tires from Garage 58.5 It is surprising how closely the percentage of mail order tire buyers checks with the percentage who say they are not influenced by tire advertising. On the basis of FARM, STOCK & HOME's 52,678 automobile owners, as shown by a recent survey, we have 40,193 tire cus- tomers who state they buy those advertised in farm papers. On a low average of only two casings and one tube a year per owner, we have to offer tire manufac- turers a possible market for 80,386 tires and 40,193 inner tubes: which, on a conservative estimate, gives an annua! retail value of over $2,000,000. These figures do not take into account at all the mail order buyers, a certain percentage of whom are possible prospects for standard made tires. TABLE NO. 13 AUTOMOBILE REGISTRATIONS IN ALL THE MINNESOTA TOWNS OF 5,000 to 20,000 INHABITANTS, SHOWING TO WHAT EXTENT DAIRYING ENABLES FARMERS TO BUY CARS Notice how Car Ownership in the Creamery Counties exceeds that of the other counties. Population Creameries No. Cars, Industry Town 1910 County in County 1917 of County Bemidii 5,099 Beltrami 4 391 Lumbering-Mining New Ulm 5,648 Brown 12 771 Farming only Owatonna 5,658 Steele 24 1,039 Rich Dairy Farming Little Falls 6,078 Morrison 18 513 Lumbering-Dairying Albert Lea 6,192 Freeborn 26 1,069 Rich Dairy Farming Fergus Falls 6,887 Ottertail 28 839 Good Farming Austin 6,960 Mower 13 829 Good Farming Eveleth 7,036 St. Louis 9 226 Mining-Lumbering Crookston 7,599 Polk 20 627 Good Farming Rochester 7.844 Olmsted 10 1,142 Good Farming Brainerd 8,526 Crow Wing 5 544 Lumbering-Mining Hibbing 8,832 St. Louis 9 580 Minine-Lumbering Faribault 9,001 Rice 13 871 Fine Farming Red Wing 9,048 Goodhue 13 652 Small Farming Area Stillwater 10,198 Washington 6 572 Small Farming Area Mankato 10,365 Blue Earth 18 1,326 Rich Farming Virginia 10,473 St. Louis 9 558 Mining-Lumbering St. Cloud 10,600 Stearns 29 1,077 Good Farming Winona 18,583 Winona 20 1,047 Good Farming TABLE NO. 14 REGISTRATION OF CARS AND TRUCKS FOR SEVEN YEARS 1912 1913 1914 1915 Minnesota 29,000 37,800 67,365 91,829 Iowa 47,188 70,294 106,087 139,808 Wisconsin 24,578 34,646 53,180 81,371 North Dakota 8,975 12,968 17,34« 24,678 South Dakota 14,481 14,578 20,080 29,336 Montana 2,000 5,686 10,706 14,520 1916 1917 1918 137,500 191,500 201,127 172,791 278,213 327,500 117,603 164,531 196,844 41,761 62,993 70,531 44,271 67,159 84,003 24,585 41,896 50,125 F ARM , ST OC K and H OME is the P ap er That Founded the Farmers' Creameries Page Twenty-five Th D o u hle-Prof I t Sy stem of D a i r y I n MercKandising, Opportunities ACCESSORIES The farmer is a larger buyer of accessories than the city man, because he is farther removed from garage service. His busi- ness also demands more me- chanical skill than that of the average city man. Often he is a skilled mechanic, accustomed to taking care of his own ma- chinery and automobile instead of depending upon others. Minor repairs are nearly all attended to on the farm. This dairy region offers a great opportu- nity for the accessory manufac- turer. FORD CAR ACCESSORIES Minnesota had 96,750 Ford cars in January, 1919; Wiscon- sin, 95,492; lovi'a, 139,970; North Dakota, 37,053; South Dakota, 41,664; Montana, 24,646, a total of 435,575, as shown bj' the map on page 23. GASOLINE ENGINES AND FARM POWER Our Farm Power Survey Sent Free on Request. Hardly a dairy farm in this region is without a gaso- line engine. But the demand for more engines and better ones is constant. F.very year new engines are bought to replace old ones. The demand for these small, compact power units grows as dairy herds increase. Many farm- ers use two or three, in various locations, in the home, milk house, barn or barnyard. They saw wood, pump water, hoist hay and grain, wash clothes, grind feed and run dynamos, milking machines and cream separators, doing all sorts of odd jobs too small for tractor belt work. They create a demand, too, for all sorts of auxili- ary power equipment. Farms in the Northwest Are Large The average sized dairy farm is said to be about 170 acres and is extensively as well as intensively cultivated. In Minnesota, however, the average size of all farms is 177.3 acres. North Dakota 382.3, South Dakota, 335.1, Montana 516.7. The average for all farms in the United States is 138.1 acres. Minnesota had in 1910, 111,919 farms of more than 100 acres, North Dakota 72,474, South Dakota 73,309, Montana 23,243. FARM, STOCK & HOME has cultivated the Farm Power idea, with the first Farm Power Department started in any general farm paper and giving continuous service since 1910. It offers the manufacturer a power tilled field for his advertising seed. MOTOR TRUCKS Our Motor Truck Articles Sent Free on Request. Hauling is one of the great problems on dairy farms. Milk and cream must be hauled to creamery, cheese fac- tory, milk station, condensary or to town, one to ten miles away, usually by team and wagon, often with two men, and the round trip made daily. Goods roads everywhere are coming in Minnesota. The state is preparing to build nearly 7,000 miles of hard paved highways. With this comes a larger demand for motor trucks from dairymen, the class of farmers best able to buy them, to cut out the slow and expensive hauling hy team. .Already co-operative motor truck companies are form- ing, to handle farm freight traffic. The lesson of the ADVANTAGES OF DOUBLE- PROFIT DAIRYING Restores the fertility of the soil. Utilizes unsalable roughage. Makes waste lands productive. Supplies steady employment for labor. Affords a ready-cash market. Furnishes a monthly cash income. Creates a demand for good mer- chandise. Gives farmers the money to buy quality goods. economy and necessit}' for trucks was driven home by the war, when thousands of farmers suffered losses through lack of cars and shipping facilities. TRACTORS Our Farm Power Survey Sent Free on Request. The FARM» STOCK & HOME group has always been known as the greatest tractor market and Mineapolis as the heart of the industry. It still offers un- limited possibilities for tractor sales. The survey shows that diversified and dairy farms are using tractors about as exten- sively as grain farms. Moder- ate sized tractors fit into the power plan of the dairy farm to good advantage and give a serv- ice which nothing else supplies. Dairymen Are Power Farmers The dairyman is also the type of farmer who is first to motor- ize his farm. It helps to solve one of his greatest prob- lems — labor. ^lodern forms of fann power appeal to him because, besides field work, tractors have more belt work to do on dairy farms. The U. S. Department of Agriculture says; "The average value of implements and machinery on dairy farms was materially greater (1910) than on all farms, or on any other group of farms with large average area." CREAMERY SUPPLIES Since the dair3'men own their own creameries and manage them as directors, they influence the buying also of creamery supplies and machinery. Milk cans and dairj' supplies are often distributed through creameries instead of through stores. While creamery journals are useful to reach the buttermaker, FARM, STOCK & HOME reaches the stockholders and directors who really decide what is to be bought. MANURE AND STRAW SPREADERS, LITTER CARRIERS The two valuable by-products of dairying, fertilizer and straw, can be utilized in onlj' one way. They have no value unless they are spread on the soil to renew its fertility. Dairy farmers constantly enrich their fields in this way. An intetisive dairy region is therefore an extensive spreader and litter carrier market. Some inter- esting evidence of FARM, STOCK & HOME'S ability to produce spreader sales will be sent free on request. COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS Very little except natural fertilizer is used now on Northwestern farms, but there comes a time when farm lands, however fertile, require the additional quickening impulse of some kind of commercial fertilizer. This applies particularly to lands that have advanced in value to $100 an acre or more, as they have in nearly all of the well developed dairy counties of southern and central Minnesota, Wisconsin and South Dakota. Here lies another latent opportunity that manufacturers should realize. Educational advertising" would develop good busi- ness in a few years. INDIVIDUAL THRESHERS Power on the farm and increased wheal; growing has made a large demand for individual separators, small FARM. STOCK and HOME is the Paper That Founded the Farmers Page Tzveuty-six >v e amevies Th Douhle-Profit System of D a i r y i n MercKandisin^ Opportunities enough to be run by moderate sized tractors. This demand will increase as tractors are more widely distributed and as long as wheat prices continue to be as attractive as in 1918 and 1919. BUILDING MATERIALS Our Building Survey Sent Free on Request. The Dairyman is the master builder. Good buildings are aia absolute necessity, especially in the cold climate of the FARM, STOCK & HOME group. Dairy cattle cannot be housed in straw sheds or left to shift for themselves. They must have good shelter, must be milked twice daily and kept clean, con- tented, well fed and well wa- tered. The dairy barn is the dairy- man's factory. He spends more time in his place of work than the average business man. He wants his own surround- ings pleasant, so he lavishes his wealth on his buildings. They must be warm, dry, comfortable, convenient, well lighted and well ventilated. The floors are often of con- crete, the materials of the best. The survey shows that more than 50% of the subscribers are preparing to improve by building new houses, barns, hog- and poultry houses, sheep pens, garages, additions, concrete floors, and adding heating plants, silos, water supply and electric lighting systems. A tremendous market for all kinds of building ma- terials, cement, lumber, insulation, roofing, shingles and fencing only awaits advertising development. The U. S. Department of Agriculture says: "The average investment for dairy farms was materially higher (1910) than for all farms. The buildings on dairy farms had an average value per farm nearly double that for all farms." OTHER BUILDINGS Dairy products must be cleanly handled. So milk houses, apart from the barns, are a necessity as well as separate bull barns, calf barns, machine sheds, poultry houses, and hog houses. Tenant hovises are being built to keep married hired-help contented. The survey shows how many of each kind of buildings are being planned. PAINTS It follows that dairymen are great paint users. They take pride in the good appearance of their buildings. The survey shows the average amount of paint used yearly and also that subscribers repaint their buildings on an average of every five years, creating a large demand in addition to that made by new buildings. HEATING PLANTS Manufacturers who use FARM, STOCK & HOME to advertise improved heating systems are going to reap a harvest. Subscribers say they are planning to buy them freely. Heating is an aboslute necessity in the North- west, a problem that receives serious consideration. CEMENT MIXERS Increased building brings a demand for a small, mod- erate priced batch mixer, large enough to mix concrete for walks, floors, foundations, feeding platforms, footings HUMAN FOOD PRODUCED BY FARM ANIMALS FROM 100 POUNDS OF DIGESTIBLE MATTER CONSUMED: By Jordan Marketable Edible Solids Product, Produced, Pounds Pounds Cow (milk) . . 139.0 18.0 Pig (dressed) . . . . . . 25.0 15.6 Calf (dressed) .. . . . 36.5 8.1 Poultry (eggs) .. . . . 19.6 5.1 Poultry (dressed) 15.6 4.2 Lamb (dressed) . 9.6 3.2 Steer (dressed) .. 8.3 2.8 Sheep (dressed) . 7.0 2.6 and the ordinary jobs that one or two men can handle. HOUSES AND HOME FURNISHINGS Our Home Survey Sent Free on Request. John Andrews says: "Where there is a cow, there is a home." And since cows must be milked, dairj'men must be at home every day of the year. As the dairy herd grows, so does the home. The survey shows farm homes equipped far above the average city homes, with con- veniences of all kinds, power washers, vacuum cleaners, fire- less cookers, furnaces, bath- rooms, water supply and elec- tric systems, and many plan- ning to add to them. MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS Included in Home Survey. Pianos, player pianos, phono- graphs, and other musical in- struments are in good demand on dairy farms, because the work is confining and farmers must furnish their own amusements. Northwestern music dealers say that the3'' buy the very best grade of musical merchandise of all kinds and the surv.ej' shows a wide variety in use. FOOD PRODUCTS The Department of Agriculture has found by a survey* that about $447.92 worth of food is consumed annually by the average farm family of 4.8 persons. Of this, $261.76, or 58.4%, is furnished by the farm, while $186.16, or 41.6%, is bought. The averages in the Northwestern states were about the same, so that this region offers a large opportunity for the food product manufacturer. Further information in detail will be furnished on re- quest. SOAP AND LYE . Farmers are buying trade-marked soaps in box lots, according to the answers received to the questionnaire, and yet many state, too, that they make soap at home for laundry purposes besides. The market for both soaps and soap making materials is therefore a large one. The names of the brands mentioned will be furnished free on request. KITCHEN UTENSILS The farm woman is her own housekeeper.^ She cares for her own utensils and dishes, takes pride in their cleanliness and convenience, and buys the very best. What a fine opportunity this affords makers of fine cutlery, silver and plated ware, aluminum goods and enameled ware. Kitchen Cabinets — Fireless Cookers — Canning Outfits The convenience of the kitchen cabinet and the fireless cooker appeals strongly to farm housewives and they are buying them readily. Yet manufacturers usually limit their advertising appeal to the town and city women who hire maids. No other class of housewives has such an abundance of fruits and vegetables to preserve by canning as the farmer's wife. Food conservation has been so thoroughly * Bulletin No. 410, "Value to Farm Families of Food." U. S. Department of Agriculture. FARM, STOCK and HOME is the P aper That Founded the Farmers' Creameries Page Twenty-seven Th D o u h 1 Profit System of Dairying MercKandisin^ Opportunities preached in FARM, STOCK & HOME the past three years that canning outfits are in good demand if well advertised. WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Our Water Supply Survey Sent Free on Request. Perhaps nothing is so much desired by farm women as some- thing to lift from their shoul- ders the back-breaking burden of carrying water. FARM STOCK & HOME recently asked its women readers: "What Would You Do With $300.00?", and nearly every reply men- tioned "running water supply" as their greatest wish. The sur- vey shows a large demand for these systems. ELECTRIC LIGHTING SYSTEMS Our Electric Lighting Survey Sent Free on Request. A surprising number of sub- scribers (25%) say they are in the market already for electric lighting systems. The dairy farmer is the very easiest cus- tomer to sell, because his work, early and late, requires good light in barn and barnyard. Cows cannot be fed and milked nor milk handled safely in the dark or by lantern. The survey shows how many have gasoline, acetylene and electric systems and what the future de- mand is for each type. BARN EQUIPMENT Our Barn Equipment Survey Sent Free on Request. Dairy herds have outgrown the old equipment so fast that a large demand is shown for new stalls, stanchions, watering bowls, litter carriers, hay tools, water supply and ventilating systems, stock waterers, tank heaters, lightning rods, windows, cupolas and other barn acces- sories. BARN AND CREAMERY VENTILATING SYSTEMS Included in Building Survey. Every dairy barn and every creamery should have a ventilating system. Too many in the Northwest still do not have one, and the sales possibilities are large. One or two progressive manufacturers have entered the field ?nd advertised atractively and persistently. They have built up a good demand already. The increases of dairying- and creameries add still greater opportunities tor sales and service. CREAM SEPARATORS Our Cream Separator Survey Sent Free on Request. Minnesota has 157,000 farms in 1919, 135,000 dairy farm and only about 75,000 or 80,000 cream separators. Only 12 creameries take whole milk, while 619 of the 841 creameries take separated cream only. There is still a large market open for new separators, on farms that have none. Besides this, the tests conducted by the Dairy Extension Division show a surprising- number of worn-out separators being used, which the cow-testers' work prove should be replaced. Educational advertising along this line should prove very profitable to separator manufacturers, in addition to creating new sales. Thou- sands of dairymen should be told that they need new machines. FARM, STOCK & HOME has always been BUTTER MAKING GIVES FARMERS THE MOST MONEY Butter Eggs Potatoes Chickens Milk Proportion of Retail Price Received By Pro- ducer. Each column represents 100% of the retail price of each commodity. The shaded portion represents the portion that the producer re- ceives. Thus, the farmer -who ships milk to Minneapolis receives 37%% of the retail price paid by consumers. The butter producer re- ceives the most, or 77%. — Investigations bv Prof. Weld, Univ. of Minn. a great favorite with separator advertisers. For the past five years it has carried the largest advertising lineage per issue for the principal manufacturers. SILOS AND ENSILAGE MACHINERY Our Silo Survey Sent Free on Request. The following comparisons show how dairy develoiynent has outgrown the silos in the FARM, STOCK & HOME group. In 1916 New York had 42,846 silos, Wisconsin 55,992, Iowa 23,000. But Minnesota had only 16,000, North Dakota 2,000, South., Dakota 3,000, Montana 150. Could any field be better prepared for silo advertising? While these states have been put in the corn belt, with corn production moving steadily northward, the corn crop is still subject to occasional frost dam- age, which makes it uncertain as a inatured crop. But silos save the frosted corn, insure against its loss and give to dairy cows its full value as rougha.ge. This lesson was brought home sharply in 1916 and 1917, when silo owners were able to save their crop from the corn failure, by turning it into ensilage. The survey shows that thou- sands of new silos are being planned and built. MILKING MACHINES The shortage of labor during the war taught dairymen also the lesson of these labor-saving machines. It gave the industry a great forward push. Many farmers who regarded them as too good to be true have found them practical. There is still much educational work to be done, however, to convince the majority of dairymen. The industry is passing through much the same develop- ment problem as the cream separator in early days. Farmers still have to be shown. The survc}- and the inquiries from advertising prove this. The latent interest is keen, the potential market is unlimited, the advertising opportunity is tremendous. CLOTHING Our Clothing Survey Sent Free on Request. Asked if they found it more economical to buy adver- tised clothing, of good quality, the response was almost unanimously: "Yes." Very few preferred cheaper grades and some wear tailor-made suits. Only a few manufac- turers of high-grade clothing- have apparently realized the possibilities of the farm market and have advertised to farmers persistently. SHOES Someone is going to get the cream of the work-shoe business some day by establishing a well known brand of farm work-shoes with persistent advertising. It has already been done for rubber boots and overshoes, but not for work-shoes. Someone, too, is going to reap a harvest by establishing a well known brand of high-grade shoes, suitable for farmers. The success of one or two general line shoe manufacturers that have used farm papers already proves the possibilities for other makers. FARM, STOCK and HOME is the Paper That Founded the Farmers' Creameries Page Twenty-eight Th D o u ble-Profit S y stem of D a I r y I n MercKandisin^ Opportunities POULTRY SUPPLIES opportuniti' for mail order merchandise and legitimate Our Poultry Survey Sent Free on Request. catalog houses. City department stores that solicit mail Hand in hand with dairying go hog and poultry raisin.g, orders can build up a fine business among farm people doing their share to turn by-products into meat, eggs of good taste who want better things than country stores and profits. Women on dairy farms are usually the can afford to carry. This is practically an undeveloped poultry owners. They buy incubators, brooders, feeders, opportunity. Detailed estimates from the survey will be waterers, and all kinds of poultry supplies, besides hatch- furnished free on request. ing eggs and pure-bred breeding stock. Our building DYNAMITE AND POWDER survey shows a large number interested in new chicken ^, . . . , , houses and hof houses. Three great opportunities exist for manufacturers of " ' explosives. The great Minnesota road building program HOG SUPPLIES jg one gf them. The state is preparing to spend $25,000, Our Swine Survey Sent Free on Request. gOO within the next ten years to build hard paved roads. Feeding troughs and tanks, self feeders, hog houses, -phe second lies in the undeveloped dairy regions of hog house windows, hog remedies and everything re- Minnesota and Wisconsin .shown on page 21. Here road quired to make pigs grow fat and happy, find a good building goes hand in hand with stump pulling and drain- market m dairy regions. The rapid increases of hogs ^g^ Thousands of acres of the richest dairy lands in in the Northwest shown on pages 12 and x3 indicate also America are now full of stumps that must either be a great increase m this demand. The present high prices pulled or blasted. Both states are encouraging immigra- will encourage a further growth of hog raising, which jj^^ ^^^ l^„j clearing and will do more of it in the lends itself easily to rapid expansion at such times. future. The settler is not to be left to do all the develop- STOCK FOODS AND REMEDIES ment work alone, on his own resources, but will be aided Dairy cattle require concentrated feeds not raised on financially. Thousands of rich acres also in Minnesota farms. Wheat bran has been the Northwestern dairy- are marshy and require drainage to put them under culti- man's standby. But its scarcity and price during the vation. . . , , . , war diverted his attention to other feeds. Prepared con- A third opportunity is for hunting and sporting-^ pur- centrates and balanced rations and their relative values Poses. Minnesota and Wisconsin have thousands of are being more seriously considered than ever. The man- acres of virgin forest, thousands of small streams and ufacturer that seizes this opportunity can cash in on this lakes and an abundance of fine game. Nearly every demand farmer is a sportsman, lives near to some woods, and FARM STOCK & HOME does not accept the adver- shoots deer, ducks, quail, partridges, prairie chickens and tising of' condimental stock foods and has always pro- rabbits. No region of America offers such an opportunity tected its readers against their exaggerated claims. It as this one for the sale of fire-arms and ammunition for admits only the legitimate feeds such as digester tank- sporting purposes. age, gluten feeds, alfalfa meal and any others that have SPORTING GOODS real feeding value and are not extravagantly advertised. „, , , , ^ , , , i. c u ifcensors also all stock remedy advertising, admitting The lakes and streams also make farmers great f^sh- only such as it believes to be reliable and honest. It ""^«- hardly a farm m these states is far removed has kept this field clean for the legitimate manufacturer, ^'^^P] ^"'"e fine lake or trout stream. Boa s and fishing to whom it offers an exceptional opportunity. tackle, row boat motors, power boats and all kmds of sporting goods may be profitably advertised to farmers. FENCES AND GATES This is a great opportunity very little appreciated by Good livestock must be confined and protected, so manufacturers in the past, but capable of unlimited de- woven wire fencing and steel gates find a ready sale velopment. wherever dairying flourishes. The increases in number -DAiir -c-ttdc! amti TDAUDTMr of farms and cutting up of ranches and cattle ranges in K^W FURS AND TRAPPING the FARM, STOCK & HOME group give manufacturers The Northwest has always been a great source of fur good markets also. The survey shows some good oppor- wealth and the Twin Cities one of the vvorld's greatest tunities. primary fur markets. Carlos Avery, Minnesota Game ^.T^,, T,,T^T T,-,«-T,»T,T,o .»TT^ c. , T T, Ti T T T^ o 3 u d Fl s h C om iTi Is s 1 o u e r , f u r u 1 s h c s t H c f o Uo w 1 ug c s t ! Ill a t c s , FARM IMPLEMENTS AND SUPPLIES ^ numbers of which are trapped by farmers and Our Farm Equipment Survey Sent bree on Kequest. farm bovs" As the dairyman is a regular farmer, plus, so his farm ' ,^.,,,„„ . requires all the tillage tools and implements of an ordi- FUR PRODUCTION, MINNESOTA, 1918 nary farm, plus many others. All established lines of Number Caught Value Total Value farm implements find their best markets in well developed Muskrat 800,000 $1.50 $1,200,000 dairy districts, because a more diversified system of agri- Mink 25,000 7.50 187,500 culture is practiced than where only a single crop is Fisher 1,000 25.00 25,000 raised. All the farm processes are also more intensified Marten 500 10.00 5,000 with deeper plowing, deeper tilling, more careful seed Fox, Red 2,500 10.00 25.000 selection, weed eradication, and soil cultivation. Dairying Fox, Silver .... 50 150.00 7,500 is. a complex business and requires a tremendous variety Fox, Cross 300 30.00 9,000 of equipment. Raccoon 5,000 5.50 27,500 MAIL ORDER BUYING Lynx 500 20.00 10,000 The survey shows that the subscribers buy most of Bobcat 1,000 3.00 cn'nnn their merchandise from home town merchants, depending Skunk 100,000 6.50 650,000 on mail orders for goods not to be had in town. The Weasel 100,000 1.00 100,000 example on page 23 shows 5150 to $300 yearly mail order Bear 300 12.00 3,600 buying and is fairly typical of the replies received. This Wolf 20,000 9.00 180,000 shows comparatively little trade diverted from the re- . tailer, but also shows, in the aggregate, a tremendous 1,056,150 $2,433,100 FARM, STOCK and HOME is the Paper That Founded the Farmers' Creameries Page Twenty-nine Th Douhle-Profit System of Dairying The Men WKo Founded tKe Double-Profit System Dairying in Minnesota is a living monument to tlie foresight and energy of the two men who contributed most to its up-building, Prof. T. L. Haecker, "Father of the Co-operative Creameries," and the late Sidney M. Owen, their chief sponsor. The value of their share in its development is no longer a matter of opinion. It has been officially recognized, written into its history and both men highly honored by the state. A history prepared by the State University and dis- tributed as a bulletin* says that the real development be- gan in 1891, when Prof. Haecker came from Wisconsin to build it up. The same year Sidney M. Owen became a University Regent, a position he held at his death. For many years they both traveled all over the state, showing- farmers how to organize co-operative creameries and to establishing the industry. Mr. Owen's paper, FARM, STOCK & HOME, was their principal mouthpiece. Prof. Haecker was its dairy editor. The paper's history is so closely connected with that of the industry that one can not be considered without the other. First Paper to Advocate Dairying. Mr. Owen had established FARM, STOCK & HOME in 1884, just one 3'ear before the School of Agriculture and the State Dairy Department. In the very first issue he began to advocate dairying as follows: "The Northwestern farmer must raise less grain and go more into general farming. No soil, no climate, in the temperate zones of the earth, is better adapted. Less grain and more general produce, less grain and more stock; and to point out, to lead, or rather to let farmers themselves show how this is best accomplished is the mis- sion of FARM, STOCK & HOME." How the Farmers' Creameries Were Started. The history states: "On account of the important role played by Prof. Haecker in the development of the indus- try a few points of his life will be given. About 1890 the dairy industry entered upon a new stage in its develop- ment. From that time the production of butter in factories has increased enormously." "The State University Regents, acting on the recom- mendation that a competent man be secured to develop more dairying among farmers, called Prof. T. L. Haecker from the University of Wisconsin. He made a prelimin- ary survey of the state in 1891 and found the industry in a poor state of development. The Babcock test and centrifugal separator were only just coming into use, one of the first separators being on J. J. Hill's farm. The slow gravity method was then used generally. "In Freeborn County, how- ever, were successful fac- tories on a co-operative bas- is. This plan appealed to Prof. Haecker and for years he was active in promoting dairying and establishing these co-operative butter fac- tories. "The Clark's Grove Cream- ery, started in 1890 by some Danish farmers, was the first successful one on a non- stock basis. It became a model for the co-operative factories of the Northwest. Prof. Haecker Honored. "In 1893, Prof. Haecker was made full professor in charge of the Dairy School, his work consisting of active promotion of creameries and dairying, instruction, and valuable research work. In 1907 he was made Professor of Animal Nutrition. "He conducted a long series of feeding experiments, cov- ering several generations of cattle, which have over- thrown all previous standards and established the 'Haeck- er' standards, recognized universally as authority on dairy- cow feeding." These were first published in FARM, STOCK & HOME as part of its service to dairymen, have been given wide distribution and commended by dairy experts everywhere. Farm, Stock and Home's Share. While the industry was young, much of this work was unappreciated. A political battle to keep him on the job had to be fought by FARM, STOCK & HOME. As edi- tor, and as Regent, Mr. Owen kept alive the public inter- est necessary to support this great work until its value was apparent. Another fight was against unscrupulous promoters, or- ganizing creameries in communities not yet able to sup- port them and unloading them at high prices. This left behind discouraged farmers and discredited the co-oper- ative system. Prof. Haecker and Mr. Owen often called meetings to advise farmers not to start creameries until they had cows enough. This valuable service prevented many failures. Still another battle was against the sale of condimental stock foods, for, which extravagant claims were made by advertisers, whereas thev had no real feeding value. The advertising columns of FARM, STOCK & HOME were not only denied them, but the whole fraudulent system of their manufacture and sale was exposed at a time when the manufacturers were spendin.g hundreds of thousands of dollars annually for farm paper advertising Good Work Brings Good Results. Further the history states: "Farm journals in general and those devoted to dairy- ing have been an important educational factor in produc- better dairy farming Dairy Cows,' says: 'A representative of OWEN HALL ig at Agricultural -Schoul. t'rookston, n honor of Sidney M. Owen. ♦Minnesota Dairy and Food Department Bulletin No. 52, "Development of the Dairy Products Industr copy sent free on application to FARM. STOCK & HOME. Prof. Haecker's book , 'Feed- well-known dairy joiu'nal went to western Minnesota to take a cow census and determine whether the reading of agri- cultural literature benefited the industry. He found that amon.g- those that read farm papers, the average yearly production was 4,442 pounds, while among those who did not, it was only 2.668 pounds.' Influence of Scandinavian Population. "A relation exists bet w en immigration and the localiza- tion of the two industries (butter and cheese). Wher- ever the Danes settled, we find the largest production of in Minnesota." FARM, STOCK and HOME is the Paper That Founded the Farmers' Creameries Page Thirty Th Double-Profit S y s t e m of D a i V y i n ^ butter. Wherever the Swiss settled, we find cheese. All the leading butter-producing counties have received more of the Danish immigrants — Denmark being one of the greatest butter-producing countries." Census tables are shown, proving that the great Scandi- navian immigration into the Northwest is a large factor in building up dairying. Besides the cream of northern Europe's best immigration, bringing over the best dairy- ing ideas and methods, a constant stream of young new blood has come from Iowa, Illinois, Indiana and Ohio. It has made the FARM, STOCK & HOME group the most progressive farming region, leading the entire United States in the co-operative movement. Win luiitprBttif nf ^uwt^Bitta N jSienuirg of tltp emttmit stritiri's af in thr ftinipla}jmput nf agrinilture mt in rmmtry lifp atfairfi eltis {rrslittuntial ta }irrsrntr& xv^axi Xht rpcoininfiiliatuni nf llif Jantltirs nf llir i3rtjartmi'ut nf Aijnntlturp nf % Ituiufraity nf ifliuurfinta. mXth thr ati;»rnnal nf thr Hoar}) nf Sfiifnts. 3u WittlPSS liJhprpnf, tt \a aUwril ntiii Bralrft bj! thr ^rfsitirnt nf thr Snarfi nf Srgruts.thr ^rrBtiirut uf tltr lluinrrsitji. auii thr Orait aiiii Dirrtlur uf tbr Srpartmritt nf Anvitulturr. 6c^M/vv^^. Minnesota Honors Founder of Farm, Stock and Home for His Part in Founding tKe Farmers' Creameries Every year the University honors a few men, whose work in developing agriculture has been conspicuous. The late James J. Hill and Sidney M. Owen were among those chosen in 1917. Mr. Owen is the only farm paper editor to receive this honor. The state also named the dairy buiJding at the Agricultural School at Crookston "Owen Hall" in his honor, as shown on the opposite page. FARM, STOCK and HOME is the Paper That Founded the Farmers' Creameries T h Double-Profit System of D a i r y i n Present Day Service to Farmers The present day editorial service of FARM, STOCK & HOME fulfills the original purpose and idea of the founder, Sidney M. Owen, adapted to modern conditions by his son, Harry N. Owen, editor and publisher. He has just completed thirty years' continuous service on the staff. This purpose is to give the farmer a broader and more valuable service than merely telling him how to farm. Its farm-advice departments are complete, and their service is given to the readers freely and ef- fectively- The editorial personnel, shown on the opposite page, forms an exceptionally able group of farm experts. In addition to all this, however, a definite program of public service is carried forward by Mr. Owen. It is this service that gives the paper its unique, definite personality — its own loyal, exclusive fol- lowing, particularly among dairymen. The Farmers' Champion Mr. Owen chooses deliberately the difficult task of fi.?hting the farmer's battles whenever he needs a cham- pion, — instead of the easier one of merely giving him technical farm advice. He seeks opportunity to initiate public movements, foster good legislation, correct marketing abuses, organize co-operative enterprises, expose frauds and protect farm- ers from political and promotion schemes. This policy has been successful for more than thirty- five years. It was particularly useful during the war, making FARM, STOCK & HOME more popular than ever. Thousands of voluntary subscriptions and letters are being received commending its stand on war-time production questions. Protecting Milk Producers For example, his editorials convinced the Minnesota Public Safety Commission that their price fixed for milk- was below cost and forced the fixing of a higher price. fTe was the onl}'" publisher to come to the milk producers' aid. When the producers were indicted, for alleged price fixing, he fostered a bill to permit co-operative associa- tions to fix prices in the same way that incorporated com- panies maj^ do. This passed the legislature by a large majority after a bitter contest soon after Mr .Owen advo- cated it in January, 1919. Increasing Wheat Production He protested to Washington that the ?2.00 price fixed for wheat was too low. in an "Open Letter to Congress," February 1, 1918. Within 23 davs the President raised it to $2.20. then to $2.26, and in July removed the restric- tions that had prevented millers from competing with the Grain Corporation in wheat buying. The market price went up the first day to lSi@162 cents over the fixed price — proviner Mr. Owen's stand to be correct. Wheat has been selling ever since for more than the gov- ernment price. The increase of 26 cents alone, added $977,000,000 to the farmers' buying power, $72,000,000 of which came into the Northwestern wheat states. Naturally it stimulated production, helped farmers to help win the war and popularized FARM, STOCK & HOME. Mr. Owen fought, too, for revisions of the Federal Grain Grades, which were working a great injustice to farmers and hampering wheat growin.g. His efforts se- cured two important changes that added several cents more to everv bushel marketed. Increase In Acres Percentage 852,000 770,000 565,000 335,000 28.9% 11.0% 17.6% 19.3% Helping the Dairymen Grow Wheat Table No. IS shows how it helped Minnesota dairy farmers to increase wheat acrea.ge. TABLE NO. 15 Wheat Acreage 1918 1917 MINN. ... 3,799,000 2,947,000 N. DAK.. 7,770,000 7,000,000 S. DAK... 3,765,000 3,200,000 MONT. . . 2,062,000 1,727,000 From, estimates furnished by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. Preventing Food Losses When Minnesota potato growers could not find a market for an unsually large crop, Mr. Owen advertised potatoes in city papers, brought buyers and growers to- aether. secured shipping concessions and .got the Food -\dministration to start its potato publicity campaign. All of which saved the growers thousands of dollars and the potatoes from decay. The paper worked in harmony with the Minnesota Public Safety Commission by organizing a Marketing Committee throughout the state, with sub-committees in every county, an organization of about 600 members, which established a central marketin.g bureau for perish- able products in St. Paul. This was a practical conserva- tion service that saved money for the farmers and food for the consumer. Solving Reconstruction Problems Mr. Owen's purpose for the future is perhaps best out- lined in a recent editorial as follows: "My idea is to find what the farmers want and then help them get it. I regard F., S. & H. as being in the position of an attorney for the farmers and that all public questions should be considered from the standpoint of the farmers, and every effort mad", to have them answered, so that the best interests, both economic and social, of the farmers shall be served. This is not the easiest way to run a farm paper, nor apparently the most profitable, from a dollars and cents standpoint, but from my training and long association with my father. Sidnev M. Owen, it is the onlv way that I can conduct F.. S. & H. A paper steered along these lines cannot in the nature of things be neutral. It lays itself open to criticism, opposition, misunderstanding, abuse and a certain amount of financial loss from adver- tisers who may not like some things that may be said in the editorial columns. But if I can serve the farmers of the Northwest and help them to greater profits and better homes. I will take all these things with a smile as part of the day's work." F ARM , STOCK and HOME is the Paper That Founded the Farmers' Creameries Fage Thirty-two THE PEOPLE WHO MAKE FARM, STOCK and HOME THE FOREMOST FARM PAPER OF THE NORTHWEST LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 3 002 859 IKW 3 A Word To Every Man Who Has Anything To Sell To Farmers To profit by the facts shown herein, you need not he a manufacturer of dairy supplies only. A complete survey of the farm m.arket and present demand for ^ood merchandise in the Northwest has been made by the Service Department of FARM, STOCK and HOME. It reveals some wonderful opportuni- ties for manufacturers of all kinds. Our readers have told what equip- ment they have, what they are buying, what their plans are for the future. They buy everything from shoes and overalls, to homes and automobiles. The Double-Profit System ^ives them the money to pay the price that Quality Goods are w^orth. The Paper That Founded the Farmers' Creameries J, C. BILLINGSLEA 1119 AdvertisinI BuildinJ Chicago, 111. ADVERTISING REPRESENTATIVES: A. H. BILLINGSLEA No. 1 Madison Avenu New York, N. Y. A. D. McKINNEY Post-Dispatch Buildi St. Louis, Mo.