F159 .P6S3 ■iillli A 9^ N ^-V. ^0-n • fV ^t. 4* % ^^ 0^ .\.->. '?:^£zjI^?- c lO _^ ■ » - 1 • ^ '^ ^ •> ^ /i^ *^ .<.'^" *-* a9 ^ "■• -iV "^^ ^o"" <^ 40^ • Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from The Library of Congress http://www.archive.org/details/sesquicentennial01scot S'TORICAL kfOUVENIp! SB^TER PlTTJ^BURGfll |;^6-1908 % y/rrs p.»dro-£A''s.co. X o^ Where floToed the peaceful rivers; rX oO, Where slept the silent hills, ^° BNow stands a mighty city, ^ ****** cQj t S° ir5B— lana Ses qui-Centenn ia I and Historical Souvenir OF THE (^xmXtx ptttfiburglj Edited and Compiled by HENRY BROWNFIELD SCOTT September Twenty- Seventh to October Third and November Tw^enty-Fifth 1900 TO THE WHOLE Olr^^ttng PITTSBURGH is one hundred and fifty years old. Therefore, the nearly one million people who live within its borders rejoice and befittingly celebrate. And much reason have they to shout, to sing, to put on gala attire, and parade, and extend greetings and w^elcome to the whole w^orld. For, is not the city great, and day by day growing greater? Supreme in industrial developments, rich beyond comparison in the gifts of nature, patriotic in the affairs of the state and nation, brilliant in the achievements of science and art, aggressive in commercial endeavor, Pittsburgh has attained an enviable position on its one-hundred-fiftieth birthday. No pains nor expense has been spared by those in charge of the arrangements for the proper celebrat- ing of the city's birth, and they and every other son and daughter of Father Pitt gladly and cordially extend greetings to the whole world, and especially to those who come to help celebrate his honored natal day. And, too, the Author and Publisher of this volume extends greetings, and takes occasion here to thank those who have so generously supported him with their patronage, thus making possible the issuance of the Sesqui-Centennial and Historical Souvenir of The Greater Pittsburgh. THE AUTHOR AND PUBLISHER. ^^^^ HISTORY OF PITTSBURGH BRIEF REVIEW OE THE GROWTH OF THE CITY SINCE ITS BIRTH d* A TALE OF MARVELOUS ADVANCEMENT, HEROIC STRUGGLES AND IN- DUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE A* THE STORY OF ALLEGHENY £*> ^ ^ .1* d* d^f ^ The name, "Pittsburgh," was first used officially about the time Fort Duquesne was surrendered to the English by the French (November 25, 1758.) The city's birth, however, dates back to the first contention of England with France for the Continent of North America. That these two great powers, seeking control of the Continent, must meet was inevitable, and meet they did, where the Ohio is formed by the union of the Monongahela and Allgheny rivers. In 1753 Governor Dinwiddle of Virginia received advices that the_ French and Indians were menacing and encroaching upon the lands of the Ohio Com- pany, (an English land-holding company), at the head of the Ohio river. Act- ing under instructions from Dinwiddle, George Washington, then but 21 years old, was given his first important commission — that of bearing a communica- tion to the French forces. In his journal of this "Tour Over the Allegheny Mountains,'' Washington says : "As I got down before the canoe I spent some time in viewing the rivers (Monongahela and Allegheny) and the land in the fork, which I think extreme- ly well situated for a fort, and it has the absolute command of both rivers." City's Site Chosen Thus was the site chosen for what eventually became Fort Duquesne, and later Fort Pitt. With an institution for defense and the natural advantage of river transportation, the seed was sown that blossomed into the magnificenu city of the Pittsburgh of to-day. Governor Dinwiddle, quick to act upon the recommendation of Washing- ton, commissioned Capt. Trent to build a fort at the junction of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers. While Trent and the major portion of his small com- mand left the site to seek provisions (April, 1754) the French, under Con- trecaem, came down from the north and successfully demanded the surrender of the fort. Contrecaem completed the fort and named it Duquesne in honor of Governor-General Marquis Du Ouesne of Canada. Until this time the English government had forced the colonists to assume the burden of repelling the French, but in 1755 General Braddock landed in Virginia as commander of the British forces, bringing two regiments of 500 men each. Braddock received little encouragement from the colonists until aided by Benjamin Franklin, then postmaster in Pennsylvania. However, Braddock's attempt to capture Fort Duquesne resulted in ignominious failure 6 HISTORY OF PITTSBURGH in a battle fought on the present site of Braddock. Washington took part in the engagement, had two horses shot from under him and four bullets pene- trated his coat. A guerrilla warfare continued between the contending forces and in 1757, when William Pitt was made Prime Minister of England, he commissioned General John Forbes to capture the much-desired Fort Duc|uesne. Forbes raised his army in this country, Benjamin Franklin was again called upon to do the recruiting, and Washington again enlisted in the cause. The army numbered 7,000. After many discouraging failures Gen. P'orbes, on November 24, 1758, took possession of Fort Duquesne after the French had evacuated the night before, blowing up the magazines and doing all damage possible. P^orbes im- mediately rechristened the fort Fort Pitt in honor of William Pitt. It is a noteworthy fact that the day following the capture of Fort Du- quesne, Gen. Forbes, in writing to Lieut.-Gov. Denny, dated his letter "Fort Duquesne — or now Pitts-Borough." Several weeks later Forbes died in Phila- delphia. A temporary stockade was erected on the ruins and a substantial fort completed by Gen. Stanwix, in 1759. Three years after the naming of the site "Pitts-Borough" — or in 1761 — the commanding officer of the fort took a census of the settlement and reported a population of 324 men, 92 women and 48 children living outside the garrison in a total of 220 houses. That the Indians also formed a portion of the com- munity is attested to in a letter received from Fort Pitt by Gen. Boquet, in May, 1763. This letter, from S. Ecuyer, declares : "They (Mingoes Indians) demand presents, but I have refused all excepting eight bushels of Indian corn which they have planted opposite Croghan's house, where they have formed a town." Pittsburg-h Destroyed Owing to the Conspiracy of Pontiac, the town of Pitts-Borough was de- stroyed by the garrison late in 1763 in order to leave no shelter for the Indians, and the refugees flocked in the fort. In 1764 confidence was restored, and Col. John Campbell made a survey of a plan of lots, later known as the "Old Mili- tary Plan," which comprised that part of the city lying within the present boundaries of Water and Second, and Market and Ferry streets. The Indians persistently attacked the fort and Gen. Boquet with a com- mand arrived to help subdue them in the fall of 1764, and put an end to the Conspiracy of Pontiac. The onl}'' existing monument marking English do- minion in Pittsburgh is the Block House, built by Gen. Boquet on what was practically the site of Fort Pitt, and which is now being jealously preserved by the Daughters of the American Revolution. It was built in 1764. The importance of the site of Pitts-Borough was so generally recognized in those early days that it became the bone of contention between the English, French and Indians and on October 24, 1768, at a conference held in Fort Stan- wix, New York, between commissioners from New York, Pennsylvania and Virginia and the chiefs of the Six Nations, the lands lying west of the Sus- quehanna and embracing Pitts-Borough, were sold to Thomas and A¥illiam Penn for $10,000. A land office was soon opened and immigration followed. The Penns had previously laid claim to much of the same territory under a charter grant by Charles II, in 1681. Ebenezer Denny First Mayor of Pittsburgh Judge Wm. Wilkins First President Bank of Pittsburgh Rt. Hon. Wm. Pitt Father of Pittsburgh Gen. Edw. Braddock Who met Defeat and Death at Braddock's Field, July 9, 1755 Col. Henry Boquet Swiss Officer who Built and Commanded the Block House, 1764 8 HIvSTORY OF PITTSBURGH First Celebration The original Pittsburghers were liberally endowed with the spirit of patriotism, and, on May 16, 1775, when the struggle for independence was in its inception, a meeting was held in the borough at which "the spirited be- havior of our brethren in New England" was "cordially approved," and it was unanimously resolved that "it is the indispensable duty of every American to resist the tyranny of the British Parliament." Capt. John Neville, on August 7 of the same year, was placed in command of Fort Pitt as a preparatory step toward the oncoming war of the Revolution. Gen. Mcintosh succeeded to the command in 1778 and the fort became headquarters for the army of the West- ern Division. Gen. William Irvine was in charge of Fort Pitt when the sur- render of Cornwallis was announced, and, in 1781, he ordered a town celebra- tion. Despite many menacing Indian raids, the town of Pitts-Borough grew rapidly after the Revolution. On July 29, 1786, the Pittsburgh Gazette, the first newspaper issued west of the Alleghenies was published by John Scull. Distilling became the most lucrative business of the surrounding territory, grain flourishing with little labor in the rich soil. With the establishment of the whiskey tax b}^ Congress, in 1791, a general revolt ensued, and the famous Whiskey Insurrection followed. Not until President Washington set out for Pitts-Borough and had reached Bedford, preceded by the army, did the insur- rection subside. Progression resumed with peace, and, in 1787, a market house was estab- lished as the result of a town meeting. In the same year the Pittsburgh Academy was incorporated, and, in 1788, a circulating library, containing 500 books, was established. Pittsburgh in 1817 From Sketch by Mrs. E. C. Gibson of Philadelphia, while on Wedding Tour HISTORY OF PITTSBURGH 9 Not until 1793 were the Indians in the vicinity of Pitts-Borough given a final quietus. This was accomplished b};' the persistent and valient Gen. An- thony Wayne, and one year later (1794) Pitts-Borough was elected into a bor- ough. Previous to September 24, 1788, Pitts-Borough was in Westmoreland county, then the largest county in western Pennsylvania. On the above date the assembly created Allegheny county, then including what have since be- come Beaver, Butler, Mercer, Crawford, Erie, Warren, Venango, Armstrong and portions of Indiana and Clarion counties. With the forming of Allegheny county came the establishment of a court house and county jail, and they were erected in the "heart of the town," where Diamond Market now stands. After the adoption of the national constitution the growth of the com- munity was rapid. It had a newspaper, postoffice, market place, schools and churches ; was the county seat, a manufacturing community, and the natural and principal depot on the great national highway from east to west. Among the settlers were men of courage and foresight, and they sowed the seed of in- dustry that has since crowned Pittsburgh with supremacy. First Use of Coal in the Block House These men were quick to realize the enormous advantage of the practical- ly inexhaustible and easily accessible supply of fuel, for converting the iron and other raw material in which the vicinity was rich, into finished products. As early as 1766 coal was used in the Block House, and the settlers were quick to uncover the limitless natural resources. It is little wonder, then, that a community with natural transportation advantages, and rich in raw material, was destined to become the ''Workshop of the World." The iron industry upon which, with the subsequent development of steel, Pittsburgh laid its greatest foundation, found its first practical establishment with the Alliance Iron Works. The furnace of these works, located on Jacob's Creek, was blown in November 1, 1790. Other furnaces soon sprang up throughout the district. The borough, at the time of its incorporation, in 1794, stretched from the Point to Grant street on the Monongahela side, and to Washington (now 11th) street, on the Allegheny side. The first election of borough officers resulted in the selection of: Two Chief Burgesses, George Robinson and Josiah Tanne- hill ; High Constable, Samuel Morrison ; Town Clerk, James Clow ; Assistant Burgesses, Nathaniel Irish, John Johnston, George Adams and Nathaniel Bed- ford ; Assessors, William Amberson, Abraham Kirkpatrick ; Supervisors, Wil- liam Gray and John McMasters. Bedford resigned as did McMasters. Wil- liam Dunning and James Gray were elected to the respective vacancies and Bedford and McMasters fined by the court for delinquency, as a warning that duly elected officers would not be permitted to shirk their duties to the com- munity. Town councils met in the court house and more often in taverns, and the citizens took an active part in municipal legislation. Borough expenditures for the first year totaled £190, 4 shillings and 9 pence. Closely following the establishment of the iron business came that of lum- ber and glass. Gen. James O'Hara and Maj. Isaac Craig were the pioneers in this industrial development. Gen. O'Hara being a contractor and boat owner. These two men established a glass house at the Point for the manufacture of green glass, and it was the first glass house in the country to use coal as fuel. O'Hara and Craig's eight-pot furnace led to the multiplication of glass works 10 HISTORY OF PITTSBURGH which have made Pittsburgh the leading- glass market of the world. Intercst- mg 111 this development is the statement made bv Gen. O'Hara, after much ex- perimenting: 'To-day we made the first bottle at a cost of $30,000." The annual floods had already become a source of much dama^^e to the community and in June, 1798, for the purpose of "erecting piers to defend the river banks," a public lottery, authorized by the legislature, was conducted Six thousand tickets at $5 each were sold and 2,210 prizes offered, the town netting $12,000 for the desired improvement. Population in 1800 lon^'^^?^ "^^"'-"^ °^ ^^^^ credited Pittsburgh with a population of 1,565, and in 1803, the_ value of manufactured goods was placed at $350,000. The first iron foundry m the town proper was established in this year by Joseph McClung, Joseph Smith and John Gormly on the present site of the Park building This foundry played a prominent part in the Avar of 1812, furnishing government cannon, howitzers, shells and balls, and in supplying Commodore Perry's Lake Erie fleet and the army of Gen. Jackson at New Orleans. _ Another industry was given its inception in 1812, when, by public sub- scription, funds were raised for the establishment of a cotton factory by Peter Eltonhead. The manufacture of iron wire was begun the same year by John Parkin, and, at the same time, Pittsburgh's first banking house was established a branch of the Bank of Pennsylvania. In 1808 Benjamin Bakewell .and Benjamin Page established in Pittsburo-h the first flint glass house in the United States. Glass cutting began with this industry by a Mr. Eichbaum. formerly glass cutter for Louis XII, Kino- of France. ' '^ The community boasted of 11 stone buildings, 283 of brick and 473 of frame or log-, in 1810, and its population numbered 4,740. The building of the "New Orleans," the first steamboat in western waters, in Pittsburgh in 1811, was an important epoch in national commerce. Steam navigation in eastern waters was a success but its practicability in the tortuous and varying chan- nels of western waters was an unsolved problem. Following this first success 226 steamboats were built in Pittsburp-fi, between 1811 and 1835. The establishment of a steamboat trade gave a wonderful impetus to the coal, iron and other industries and gave Pittsburgh a world, as well as a na- tional market. The war of 1812 was also of immense ultimate benefit to Pitts- burgh. The lack of European imports created heavy demands upon the manu- facturing interests of Pittsburgh from the rapidly increasing western popula- tion. During the war the government established the Allegheny Arsenal in Pittsburgh, at a cost of $300,000, for the manufacture and storage of arms and ammunition. The part played by Pittsburgh in that war brought the district into greater prominence as a political factor in the affairs of the nation ioir^^^*^^ ^ population of about 10,000, the borough charter was out-grown, in 1816, and Pittsburgh was incorporated as a citv on March 18 of that year The city charter provided for a Ma3^or, Select and Common Councils, a Recorder and 12 Aldermen. ' Major Ebenezer Denny, First Mayor Maj. Ebenezer Denny was elected the first mayor of Pittsburgh. The first members of Select Council were : James Ross, President ; [ames Irwin Wil- liam Lecky, John Rosebergh, Mark Stackhouse, Richard Gearv, AVilliam Hays HISTORY OF PITTSBURGH 11 Dr. Georg-e Stevenson and Samuel Douglass. Common Councilmen consisted of: William Wilkins, President; James R. Butler, John P. Skelton, Alexander Johnston, James B. Stevenson, James Brown, Paul Anderson, Richard Robin- son, John ^^77^Johnstoil7~George Evans, John Cladwell, Thomas McKee, David Hunter, John Carson and J.'W. Trembley. The first Aldermen of the city were : Ebenezer Denny, John Darragh, William Steele, Philip Mowry, Lazarus Stewart, Thomas Enoch, Philip Gilland, James Young, Robert Graham, John Hannan, John M. Snowden and Matthew B. Lowrie. Charles Wilkins was elected first Recorder. MONONGAHELA WlIARF 1820 The progressiveness and foresight of the men of that day were marked by the erection of bridges to Allegheny and Birmingham (Southside) in 1818. A census of the manufacturing interests of Pittsburgh, made under direction of councils in 1817, showed 259 plants, employing 1,637 people, with an annual output valued at $2,266,v366. In order to promote and invigorate the spirit of domestic industry, the manufacturers and mechanics of the community organized, in 1819, the Pitts- burgh Manufacturing Association with George Sutton as President, and George Cochran as agent. A brick warehouse was erected on Wood street, between First and Second avenues, for the sale of products. No commission was charged for the sale of goods manufactured by members of the association. Great and added impetus was given to the already important iron industry in 1819, by the establishment of the Union Rolling Mills, by Baldwin, Robin- son, McKnickle and Beltzhoover. Other rolling mills followed in the wake of the success of the initial enterprise. Old Portacje Canal, Union Station Site So general had become the reputation of Pittsburgh as a center of industry that it was the visiting place of distinguished Americans and foreigners. The year 1825 was notable for the visit of Gen. Lafayette, who was paid distin- guished homage by the citizens of Pittsburgh. So progressive did the community become, in 1826, that an ordinance was enacted prohibiting the erection, within certain limits, of frame buildings, and ordinances for the construction of a city gas works were passed a year later. The gas works, however, was not ready for .use until 1837. Late in the year 1828, the citys first water works was put in operation. The year 1826 also witnessed the completion of the state prison in Alle- gheny county, at a cost of $183,092. It was located on the present site of the conservatory in Allegheny. The rapid development of the west demanded better transportation facili- ties from the seaboard to the headwaters of the Ohio, and, in 1826, the bill, authorizing the Pennsylvania canal, was passed by the legislature. This canal was for the purpose of connecting the Ohio and Delaware rivers. The western section of the canal was completed, and the first boat over this route entered Pittsburgh in 1829. In 1834 the canal was entirely completed and resulted in cheapening freight rates to Philadelphia sixty-six and two-thirds per cent. First Railroad Coiiiiiiunication The canal project included the building of the Portag'e Railroad by the state, over the mountains. This was done at a cost of $1,634,357.69. The rail- road was the wonder of two continents. The rails were imported from Great Britain, and cost $40.51 a ton. The passenger fare from Pittsburgh to Phila- delphia by canal and the Portage and Columbia railroads, was $12, and the run- ning time, three days and nineteen hours. "For general election purposes" an act was passed by the legislature in 1829 providing for four city wards, these were known as the North, East, South and West wards. The city proper had a population of 12,568 in 1830, an in- crease of 73 per cent, in 10 years. At this time Pittsburgh had already become the first manufacturing com- munity in America. Thus, when, in 1831, the Baltimore & Frederick Railroad HISTORY OF PITTSBURGH 13 Company planned to push its road further inland, there was grave apprehen- sion in Pittsburgh. It was feared that the traffic to the west would be deflect- ed to Wheeling. Flood Prevention an Issue The right to elect the mayor was given the people by act of Assembly, in 1833. Previously the Board of Aldermen had chosen one of their number. Street paving and city improvements were inaugurated on a large scale for the times, and flood prevention became a very live issue after the inundation of 1832. An important industrial adjunct was added in 1833 when a salt well was drilled in on the south side of the Monongahela, averaging from 12 to 15 bar- rels a day. Many other wells followed, and salt became one of the city ex- ports. Daniel Webster was one of the distinguished visitors of that year. In order to further organize and promote the commercial activities of the city, the Pittsburgh Board of Trade was created, in 1835, for the "proper direc- tion of all commercial movements, to encourage and extend the facilities of transportation and generally to take proper measures for the extension and regulation of the trade and commerce of the city." New Court House and Jail Erected A new court house was erected and complet^"d in 1842, as well as a new jail. The new building was most pretentious, 165 feet long and 100 feet wide, the jail being connected in the rear. The architecture was Grecian, and it was built of yellowish gray sandstone, quarried from the neighboring hills, entire building covered an area of 17,000 feet, and cost $200,000. Th( Ruins of Court House Built in 1842, Burned May 7, 18 14 HISTORY OF PITTSBURGH The industries and commerce of Pittsljiirgh were of sucli national propor- tions and importance that they became inseparable in their relations to the tariff and monetary issues of the country. When President Jackson, in 1831, declared for a tariff for revenue only, Pittsburgh began a vigilant opposition. Many public "tariff meetings" were held and the formation of societies was encouraged throughout western Pennsylvania and the entire state. A "Work- ingman's Ticket" was suggested. Congress, during this session, passed a tar- iff' that was highly protective. But the next session passed Clay's Compromise Tariff" P)ill, with a gradually reducing scale, and Pittsburgh was again on the verge of a panic. The persistent attacks of Prestdent Jackson at this time on the Ignited States bank, caused further commercial unrest in Pittsburgh. The crisis came in 1837. The removal of deposits from the United States bank deprived Pittsburgh business men of their cash capital, as there were no facilities for prompt exchange. Thus the currency question was as live an is- sue those days as at present. The city issued script or "shin plasters," which circulated freely and were accepted in payment of city taxes. Despite the pan- ic, the value of the commercial interests of Pittsburgh, in 1837, were fixed at $31,000,000. The success of the Pennsylvania canal inspired further transportation im- provements, and, in 1838, a canal, to connect Pittsburgh and Beaver, was pro- jected and completed in 1840. Efforts to improve the Monongahela river by slack water navigation had been made as early as 1817, but no practical ad- vance had been made until the incorporation of the Monongahela Navigation Company, in 1836. This company was capitalized at $300,000, but despite state aid, the company was compelled to increase its capitalization by $260,600 in 1848. Tolls were first collected in 1841. The works of the company was eventually purchased by the government in 1896, at a cost of $3,761,643, and then consisted of seven dams and 11 locks. In 1840 the building of iron boats had supplanted, to a great extent, the wooden vessels, and during that year Pittsburgh built 100 iron boats. The population at this time had increased to 21,115. With the new tariff of 1842, providing for a general increased duty on im- ports, a general business revival was enjoyed in the Pittsburgh community. There were 28 furnaces in Allegheny county at this time, with an annual out- put of 6,584 tons; 12 bloomaries, producing 28,100 tons of bar iron and over five and one-half million bushels of coal were being mined annually. The new tariff was quick to increase the activities in these lines. Transportation facili- ties increased in proportion, and, in 1845, the Monongahela river was spanned by a wire suspension bridge. Great Fire in 1845 But Avhile on this high tide of business recovery, and just when the city was attaining the height of its prosperity, a dire catastrophe swept the com- munity that crowded its most hopeful citizens on the verge of despair. This was the great fire of April 10, 1845. The fire had its inception in an old shed on the east side of Ferry street, at the corner of Second. It is believed to have originated from a fire built by a washerwoman. There had been no rain for two weeks, and high winds had carried the moisture from the city buildings. The water in the reservoir was low, and, when the first call for aid came, the fire engines could suck nothing but mud. Aided b}?- a strong west wind, the fire started forth on its destructive course. Building after building, city block after city block was devastated. HISTORY OF PITTSBURGH 15 The fire began at noon, and by evening" the best portion of the city lay in ashes. The boundaries of the burnt district were as follows : From Water street up Ferry to Third ; up Third to Wood ; up Wood to Diamond alley ; up Diamond alley to Smithfield ; down Smithfield to Fourth ; up Fourth to Ross. This included 20 squares and about 1,200 houses, including warehouses and business concerns whose stocks, of immense value, were lost. Estimates of the loss ranged from $5,000,000 to $8,000,000. The legislature appropriated $50,000 to meet actual necessities and re- mitted state and county taxes as well as mercantile taxes in the burnt district. The total contributions from outside sources, including several states, were about $200,000. Despite the fact that the fire deprived 2,000 families of shelter, only two lives were lost, Samuel Kingston, Esq., and a Mrs Malone. The insurance totaled only $870,000, while some individuals lost from $5,000 to $200,000. The characteristic fortitude of the citizens of the community was liberally displayed. Not only were they quick to aid themselves but equally prompt to he']i one another. With true patriotism they set about at once to mitigate the reports spread throug'hout the country that the industry of Pittsburgh had been irreparably crippled. Literature was sent broadcast, heralding the fact that Pittsi.^urgh was still prepared to do business and fill orders promptly. However, capital was scarce, but eastern capital was enlisted, and the city was rebuilt, more substantial than ever. It was in the year of the fire that the first successful attempt was made to tow coal by steam, and thenceforth the market tor Pittsburgh was considerably widened. The war with Mexico and the discovery of gold in California were also important factors in re-es- tablishing mdustrial prosperity. The establishm.ent of the Atlantic & Ohio telegraph line, in 1846, put Pittsburgh in close communication with the outside world. Real estate boomed when the city had arisen from the charred embers, and it spre&d over the hills eastward, until, in 1849, nine wards were included v;ithin its limits. The census of 1850 gave Pittsburgh a population of 46,601. li! the early 50's the general business depression that visited the nation was reflected upon the industries of Pittsburgh. The city's credit had become f'ad. Its bonded debt was over $1,000,000, due chiefly to making improve- njcnt- which should have been paid for by individuals. In 1855 the city debt had inci eased to $2,936,624.65 and the system of tax collection was inefficient. IMany delinquents were three or more years in arrears. City bonds fell as low as 69. First Effort to Consolidate Pittsburgh and Alleg"heny An effort was made in 1853-54 to consolidate the cities of Pittsburgh and Allegheny, but the legislature failed to approve the act. The population of the proposed greater city aggregated 110,000 at that time. The years 1852 and 1853 were notable for the building of a new City Hall and Market Plouse in Diamond square, and a Postoffice on the present site of the Park building. The first street railway in the city was the City Passenger Railway to LawrenccAdlle, constructed in 1859. Other lines quickly followed. Perhaps the most important event of this period was the holding of the National Convention in Lafayette Hall in February, 1856. Following the pas- sage of the famous Kansas-Nebraska bill, in 1854, the political parties of the North became disrupted and previous affiliations were denounced. State and county conventions, known as Republican conventions, were held and candi- dates were named who declared against the repeal of the Missouri Compro- Old City Hall mise Bill. The National Republican Convention, held in Pittsburgh in 1856, gave birth to the Republican party in national politics. Many notable speeches were made and a higher tarifif advocated. The Morrill tariff of 1861 promised much for Pittsburgh, but scarcely had beneficial effects been felt when the secession of the Southern states excited military activity to the exclusion of commercial progress. Pittsburgh Loyal to the Union Pittsburgh's loyalty and patriotism in the Union cause of the Civil War that followed, has ever been a source of pride to the community. Life and treasure were freely offered in the interest of the preservation of the Union. Citi- zens of the city became wildly excited when Secretary of War Flood sent an order to the Allegheny Arsenal in December, 1860, for the shipment of 124 cannon to Southern military posts. A meeting was held in the mayor's office and it was decided to call upon President Buchanan to have the order counter- manded. So determined were Pittsburghers that the arms of the nation should not be sent into Southern territory, at such a perilous time that a public meeting was called in the Court House the next day, December 27, 1860. The crowd was so large that the meeting had to be conducted in the open. Gen. William Robinson presided. Resolutions were passed declaring that the enemies of the Union were being armed, but that its friends were strong enough "even with- out other arms than their own, to sustain the Constitution" and "to retake the guns thus ordered to be removed, in case they shall be traitorously employed against them." The meeting, however, decided not to follow the example of South Carolina, by disrespecting the powers of the Federal Government. Reso- lutions were also passed calling upon the president to purge his cabinet of men known to have encouraged the secession. Indignation meetings were held daily as the President delayed in responding to the communications. On Jan- HISTORY OF PITTSBURGH 17 uary 3, 1861, the news came that the order for the transportation of the guns had been revoked and the community quieted down. News of the fall of Fort Sumter, received in Pittsburgh April 14, 1861, rekindled the military spirit and a mass meeting was at once called with Wil- liam Wilkins presiding. Resolutions were passed condemning the disloyalty of the South and urging all citizens, "regardless of party," to aid in "main- taining inviolate the supremacy of the Constitution." A Committee of Public Safety, numbering 100, was appointed. The duties of this committee became multifarious, but were attended to with vigilance. It intercepted contraband shipments ; arranged for the defense of the city, and recruited companies for service in the field. On April 17, 1861, the Board of Bank Presidents of Pittsburgh telegraphed the Governor that "the banks of Pittsburgh will cheerfully respond to the call for money to meet the late appropriation to be used in enabling the govern- ment to sustain the Constitution and the laws." These acts of patriotism were expressed when the entire district was suffering under business depres- sion. The Supreme Court ordered the county and city to pay their railroad indebtedness. The County Commissioners refused to levy the necessary tax and were jailed for contempt. The county paid their fines of $1,000 each, and they were subsequently released. Specie Payment Suspended The confusion in money matters — due to a flood of depreciated bills of banks of other states — caused a suspension of specie payments by nearly all bankins- institutions. Home of Col. Samuel Hawkins, 1815—1853 18 HISTORY OF PITTSBURGH From the outset of the war the government had ealled upon Pittsburgh for all varieties of arms and ammunition. The first 20-inch gun was cast in the Fort Pitt foundry in 1864. Many monitors were built here and the iron works of the community were practically turned over to the Union cause. In 1860 Pittsburgh had become the great petroleum market. Untold wealth flowed from the hillsides throughout western Penns3dvania, and this fortune-making era was further aided by the high tariffs of 1862 and 1864. The year 1860 was notable because of the visit of the Prince of Wales, who received distinguished courtesy wdiile a guest of Pittsburgh. President- elect Lincoln also graced the city with a visit early in the following year. Through the aid of public subscription the Allegheny Observatory was established in 1867 with the late Professor S. P. Langley as first director. It was from this observatory, in 1869, that astronomical time was first distributed to railroads and cities. Alleg-heiiy Arsenal Explosion On the afternoon of September 17, 1862, the city was shocked by a terrific explosion in the Allegheny Arsenal which destroyed the laborator}^ killing 74 men, women and children. About 10,000 tons of powder were destroyed and the shock was felt for miles. The exact cause of the explosion was never de- termined. When President Lincoln issued his call for volunteers, Allegheny county was almost unprovided with military organizations. But the local patriotic enthusiasm was so great that immediately after the call was issued, scores of companies were organized and their services tendered. A detachment of Turner Rifles, numbering 80 men, was the first to leave for Harrisburg. The Plannibal Guards, Trovillo Invincibles, Robison's Light Guards, McDowell's State Guards, Gerard's Pennsylvania Zouaves, Rippey's Scott Legion, Gal- lagher's Shields Guards, Aliquippa Guards and others followed. The first regiment was org-anized by Gen. Negley and known as the Twelfth Pennsyl- vania Volunteers, with Col. David Campbell commanding. The next Pitts- burgh regiment was the Thirteenth, under command of Col. T. A. Rowley. The Fifth regiment was placed under command of Col. R. P. IMcDowell of Al- legheny, and the Seventh under Col. AVilliam PI. Irwin. Other regiments were organized as recruiting continued. Thousands of dollars were raised by pri- vate subscriptions for arms and ammunition. In some instances individuals pro- vided the funds for organizing and uniforming whole companies. The women of the city assumed their share of labor, and sewed uniforms, made lint and hospital supplies, and provided delicacies. Meanwhile 5,500 men were organ- ized into Home Guards for the protection of the city. In response to the call of President I/incoln for 75,000 volunteers, the state of Pennsylvania alone offered sufficient men to meet the national de- mand. The state quota v/as filled in less than a week and efforts were made upon the Governor to accept more volunteers. As a result the Governor or- ganized a camp in Pittsburgh which became known as Camp Wilkins, and placed in command Col. P. Jarrett. Twenty-six companies immediately went into' camp. There was much disap])ointment in Pittsburgh when official an- nouncement was made that but six companies from Allegheny county could be accommodated. A public meeting was held and 28 companies, which could not be accommodated in Camp Wilkins, were divided into two regiments. Meanwhile 3,000 men were in reserve in Camp Wilkins. Owing to some dis- advantages wdiich the site occasioned. Camp Wilkins was soon broken and HISTORY OF PITTSBURGH 19 Camp Wright established at Hiilton, on the Allegheny Valley railroad. Un- able to secure service jn the state ranks, the two regiments, composed of unac- cepted companies from Allegheny county, were compelled to seek service in other states, many of the companies enlisting in Virginia. The Pittsburgh Independent Scouts, under Capt. Anderson, were incorporated in a calvary regiment in Reading. When Congress authorized President Lincoln to make the second requisi- tion for 500,000 men for three years' service, there was another prompt re- sponse from. Pittsburgh. The first three-years' regiment (the 62nd) under command of Col. S. W. Black, left for V/ashington on August 3, and other regiments soon followed. Fortification of tlie City In the spring' of 1863, immediately after the battle of Chancellorsville, there was grave fear that Lee would attempt to capture Pittsburgh. At a public meeting it was decided to close all the shops and factories in the city and put the met at work building fortifications. The entire city turned out for its own defense. Works were erected on Herron Hill, Davis Hill, Squirrel Hill, Mt. Washington and at other points. The Pennsylvania railroad, Jones & Laughlin, the Fort Pitt Foundry and other concerns furnished men and ma- terial. As many as 16,000 men were at work per .day. Plowever, the battle of Gettysburg soon put an end to all fears of an attack upon Pittsburgh. Much assistance was given the soldiers in the Union cause during the war by the Pittsburgh Subsistence Committee, an organization that was founded during an immense mass meeting for the purpose of attending to the subsist- ence of companies waiting the call to the front. Enormous quantities of clothing, bedding and food were distributed. Every squad, company and regiment that came through Pittsburgh was enter- tained, either at the old Leech warehouse, or in City Hall. Women were the active members of this organization. Open house was kept during the entire war, and comfort and help liberally dispensed. The enormous sum of $363,- 570.09 was raised for this purpose at a time when the city was suffering under an acute financial depression. From the best records obtainable it is estimated that Allegheny county contributed 20,000 men to the ranks of the Union army. The close of the war was marked in Pittsburgh by a number of celebrations, during which all business was suspended. During the Fenian demonstration, in 1866, the Fenian party in Pittsburgh became very active in recruiting men to invade Canada. A gunboat was pur- chased and expensive purchases made of arms and ammunition. Clearing House Established The end of the Civil War saw the beginning of business activities in Pitts- burgh. In 1866 the Pittsburgh Clearing House was established. In the same year a new Pennsylvania railroad depot was opened, letter boxes were placed on the streets ; the Monongahela Incline Plane Company was chartered and the districts of Lawrenceville, Peebles, Collins, Liberty, Pitt and Oakland were annexed to the city. Forbes street was laid out, in 1868, for the purpose of connecting the newly acquired districts, and a new City Hall, the present r'v.c. was begun in the same year. The population of the city, in 1870, was 86,076. 20 HISTORY OF PITTSBURGH During- the years, 1870 and 1871, more than a score of new banking insti- tutions were opened in the Pittsburgh district, despite the impending panic that folowed the failure of Jay Cooke & Company in New York. Pittsburgh was soon engulfed in the financial storm that swept the country, and many business and bank failures followed. Recovery was slow and capital timid but, in 1875, business conditions assumed a normal aspect. Among the notable events of the years succeeding 1870 was the annexation to the city, in 1872, of the South side, the district lying on the South of the Monongahela river, com- prising a territory of more than 27 square miles and a population of 165,000. That natural gas existed in Allegheny and surrounding counties, had been known for several years — had been discovered in drilling for oil — but this important natural resource was never practically developed until the organiza- tion of the Natural Gas Company, Ltd., in 1875. The importance of the sub- sequent development is well known. Railroad Riots One of the saddest and most deplorable incidents of Pittsburgh's history developed in 1877, with the railroad riots. This reign of lawlessness found its inception in Baltimore, when, on July 16, of that year, 40 employees of the Baltimore & Ohio railroad left their trains to join striking firemen and brake- men who had refused a 10 per cent, reduction in wages. The trouble quickly spread to other points, and developed in Pittsburgh on July 19. Freight trains were stopped in the yards, and a crowd of idlers and toughs took possession of the company's property at the Twenty-eighth street roundhouse. Class hatred was agitated, and the city authorities were defied when an effort was made to restore order. The Eighteenth and Nineteenth regiments were order- ed out to protect property, and Gen. Brinton's troops were ordered to Pitts- burgh from Philadelphia. This "importation" stirred the rioters to fiercer anger. The Philadelphia troops arrived on July 21, and were met by the mob. The riot act was read, and an attempt made to arrest the ringleaders. Stones were hurled at the troopers, and then Gen. Brinton ordered his men to fire. About 20 were killed, among them three children. The militia then took charge of the roundhouse. Capturing the guns of Hutchinson's Battery (a local or- ganization) the rioters fired several solid shot through the roundhouse in which the militia had taken refuge. Meanwhile other rioters set cars afire, and, finally, saturating a car of coke with oil and igniting it, the rioters succeed- ed in running it into the roundhouse. All night long buildings and cars were fired. Stores, and especiall)^ liquor warehouses were rifled, and a carnival of destruction and dissipation ensued. It is estimated that 2,000 cars and one hundred locomotives were destroyed and machine shops and other railroad buildings of value destroyed during that frightful night. Valuable cargoes were stolen, and wagons were pressed in service to aid the thieves who worked without restraint. Sunday afternoon the rioters found new amusement by igniting Union Station and the spectacular fire that resulted was witnessed for miles. A grain elevator nearby, the Panhandle Depot on Grant street and a locomotive shop on Quarry street were also burnt to the ground, and before sunset Sunday evening, every railroad building and car in Pittsburgh had been destroyed. The next morning a meeting of citizens was held in the Chamber of Commerce, a vigilance committee organized and arrangements made for a military camp in East Liberty. In a few days order was restored. Claims against the county 22 HISTORY OF PITTSBURGH for damages, to the amount of $4,100,000, were entered by the raih-oads which commissioners compromised at $2,722,349.53. Point Bridg-e Opened In 1876, the Point bridg-e was opened to travel, and in 1878 the new water works was completed. This pumping station, known as the Brilliant station, is still in use, though it was remodeled in 1894. On May 7, 1882, the Court House was burned, and two years later the lieautiful structure now in use was begun. The new building cost $2,257,024. Centennial Celebration Held In commemoration of the one hundredth anniversary of the establishment of Allegheny county, it was decided to hold a centennial celebration and a com- mittee of 100 was appointed to prepare a program to include the dedication of the new Court Plouse. The dedication occurred on September 24, a civic dis- play and parade was held on the next day, and a military display on the twen- ty-sixth. The parade, which required three hours to pass a given point, was arranged so as to be illustrative of the growth of the county by the presenta- tion of floats showing the gradual advance in transportation and manufactur- ing" methods. At this time the population of the city was 238,617. The advancement of the city in the past 20 years has been so great as to challenge comparison. New and modern buildings have arisen v/ith such rap- idity as to give the community an unrecognizable appearance to the citizen of 20 years ag^o. Carnegie Institute, covering an area of five acres is one of the architectural prizes of the age. The Government building was erected in 1892 at a cost of $1,500,000. The new Union Station, and those of the Pittsburgh & Lake Erie and Wabash railroads, have few superiors. Office buildings of the most modern skyscraper type are more numerous than in any other city, in population proportion. The city has been placed in immediate communication with the entire western section of the state by a network of traction systems, and 21 bridges span the two rivers. The industrial progress of Pittsburgh in the past 20 years is of world- wide fame. The bounties of nature and the skill of man have been combined to erect at the junction of the two rivers, where Washington found a natural vantage point, the industrial center of the world. More freight is originated in Pittsburgh than in any other city in the world. The world is the market of the city. The richest deposits of coal, oil and gas are in what is known as the Pittsburgh District, and with these natural resources, the foundation was laid for the supremacy in the manufacture of steel, coke and kindred industries. The largest producer of coke in the world is the H. C. Frick Coke Company which owns 50,000 acres of coal and 12,000 coke ovens, with a daily capacity of about 30,000 tons. Expansion of the Iron and Steel Industry Pittsburgh's iron and steel industry has expanded so enormously in the last 20 years that no intelligent historical account could be given in a limited space. The Jones & Laughlin Steel Company, the largest independent steel company in the world, was created in 1854. The capacity of its works exceeds 1,000,000 tons of billets and blooms and 1,000,000 tons of finished steel a year. The history of the Carnegie Steel Company, beginning with the Cyclops Iron Company, in 1864, and concluding with the merger of the United States Steel Jones & Laughlin Steel Company, Ltd.'s New Office Building- on Ross Street 24 HISTORY OF PITTSBURGH Corporation, would be an historical work in itself. Its founder, Andrew Car- negie, has played a most important part in the industrial activity of Pittsburgh, and recently in its charities. In 1903, the Carnegie Steel Company operated 19 furnaces, eight Bessemer converters, 56 open-hearth furnaces, five rolling plants with 34 mills, an armor plate works, with a capacity of 3,430,000 tons of steel, or one-third of the Nation's capacity. The glass industry of Pittsburgh has ever been one of its most important supports, and made the city the center of that product in the United States. The total value of Pittsburgh glass products, in 1902, was $14,276,228, or nearly one-half of the entire output of the United States. The Westinghouse enterprises are known the world over. The Westing- house Airbrake Company, Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company, Union Switch & Signal Company, and affiliated companies are enormous, and noted producers and large employers of men. The total capitalization of the various Westinghouse interests represent, approximately, $100,000,000, with an annual output of almost equal amount. Important among the industries developed from the application of finished steel is the manufacture of steel cars which has attained enormous proportions in the Pittsburgh district. Nearly 15,000 men are employed and 50,000 cars made annually. So varied has the industrial activity of the city become within the past 20 years, and such proportions has it attained that its mills, workshops and factories pay $1,000,000 in wages daily when in full operation. The annual ton- nage approximates 110,000,000 tons. Consolidation of Pittsburg-h and Alleglieny Under the Act of 1906, known as the "Greater Pittsburgh Act," the dream of a half century became realized in the consolidation of Pittsburgh and Alle- gheny. The two cities, which have ever been one of the common cause, and divided only by unseen legal boundaries, had a total population of over 500,000 at the time of the consolidation, making the new city rank sixth in population in the United States. The total area of the united cities is 38 square miles, containing 115 ward schools, 400 miles of paved streets, 1,300 acres of public parks, and 108 banks, with a capital of $60,000,000. A project which promises to make the city of Pittsburgh rise still higher in importance to the Nation and the world is the Lake Erie & Ohio River Ship Canal which is proposed to connect Pittsburgh with Lake Erie, by way of the Ohio, Beaver and Mahoning rivers. A IS-foot channel is planned at an ap- proximate cost of $33,000,000. When completed, this will make Pittsburgh the greatest inland harbor in the world. History of the City of Alleg-lieny "The Reserve Town laid out opposite Pittsburgh," as it was called, to- gether with the town of Allegheny, was ordered by the Supreme Executive Council of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania to be surveyed and laid out as a manor, or reserve, September 11, 1787, and was fully accomplished the fol- lowing year. The town of Allegheny, however, as originally laid out, contained 144 lots, each 60 by 240 feet, in blocks 240 feet square. Four of these blocks in the center of the town plan were reserved and designed for public buildings, etc. The whole surrounded by the common ground, which is 60 feet wide on the South, Sixth Street Bridge 250 feet on the North and East, 1,400 feet on the West, containing an area of 102 acres, and was designed for a common pasturage for cattle. It was re- spectively named East, West, North and South Commons. In 1817 the Commonwealth granted about ten acres of_ this common ground for the purpose of erecting thereon a penitentiary, but, in 1883, by Act of Assembly, it was transferred back to the city for park purposes. In 1827 the state granted to the Western Theological Seminary about 18 acres of the common ground, and about 1850 the city came into possession of the seminary grant by obtaining from that institution a perpetual lease for a yearly rental of $2,100. By Act of Assembly of March 31, 1870, the remaining portion of the seminary grant, which had not been disposed of by the city on perpetual lease, was appropriated for the use of the public as a portion of the public park. , . ^ s The Ohio and Pennsylvania Railroad (now the Pennsylvania Company), when it entered the city in 1850, occupied for its tracks a strip of ground 50 feet wide, extending through the common ground from the Northwest corner to Federal street. After allowing for all depletions of the tract set apart by the state for a common pasturage, there still remain about 90 acres. Creation of the Public Parks In 1867, by Act of Assembly, the common grounds were appropriated for public parks. Their cost were $300,000, assessed on the real estate of the city. A commission, consisting of seven persons, three of whom were members of councils, three citizens of Allegheny, not members of councils, and the mayor were appointed by councils. This commission had exclusive_ control over the common grounds and all improvements thereon until the entire com- pletion of the parks. A complete and comprehensive plan of the parks was made and submitted to councils and approved by them November 14, 1867. The present beautiful ''Central Park" was constructed from this plan. 26 HISTORY OF PITTSBURGH The commission continued in charg-e of the impro\-ement until December 26, 1876, when it relinquished its control of the park, and since then it has been in charge of councils, through the Park Committee. In 1894, largely through the efforts of W^illiam AI. Kennedy the mayor of the city, sufficient money was raised by popular subscription for the purchase of about 200 acres of land in the tenth ward for park purposes. The property was secured and the deed tendered the city with conditions as follows: "That the new park be named 'Riverview Park.' in accordance with the suggestions of the subscribers to the fund for its purchase." "That the city shall construct and maintain one or more highways to the park on which no street car tracks shall be laid." On June 21, 1894, councils, by a resolution accepted the deed on the con- ditions named. A large amount of money has been expended in the improve- ment of the grounds, making the beautiful ]3ark it now is. Alleg^lieuy Made a Borouj*-li The town of Allegheny was created a borough by Act of the General As- sembly, approved the 14th day of April, 1828. John Irwin was elected Bur- gess, serving from 1829 to 1834. He was succeeded by Hugh Davis, who served from 1835 to 1838, and John Morrison from 1839 to 1840.' The first charter of the city was granted by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania on the 13th day of April, 1840. Gen. William Robinson, Jr., was elected the first mayor of the city, his inauguration taking place on the 17th day of July, 1840, which date marked the beginning of the city of Allegheny. The successors of Gen. Robinson, as mayor, were as follows : Thomas Sample. 1841; AVilliam B. Foster, 1842-43; Hezekiah Nixon, 1844-45; R'. S. Cassett, 18^6; Henry Campbell, 1847-48 ; Jonathan Rush, 1849; H. S. Flemine 1850-52; R. W. Park, 1853; William B. Adams, 1854-56; Harmon DeHaven, Allegheny Market Square HISTORY OF PITTSBURGH 27 1857; Jacob Stuckrath, 1858; John Morrison, 1859-60; Simon Drum, 186r-62 ; A. C. Alexander, 1863-64; John Morrison, 1865-67; Simon Drum, 1868-69; A. P. Callow, 1870-74; died during 1874. David Neely, elected by councils for 30 days, H. S. Fleming", for unexpired term of A. P. Callow; Ormsby Phillips, 1875-77; Thomas Magraw, 1878-80; L. Peterson, Jr., 1881-83; J. G. Wyman, 1883-87 ; R. T. Pearson, 1887-90 ; J. G. AVyman, 1890-93 ; William M. Kennedy, 1893-97; J. G. Wyman, 1897-1900; John R. Murphy, 1900-03; J. G. Wyman, 1903-06; Charles F. Kirschler, 1906 to December, 1907, when the cities of Pittsburgh and Allegheny were consolidated, and he became the deputy mayor of the Greater City of Pittsburgh. First Postoffice Established The first postoffice in Allegheny was established in 1836, under the admin- istration of Andrew Jackson. It was located on the West side of the Diamond, between Ohio street and Gay alley. It occupied various places until 1898, when its present handsome quarters, erected by the goverment of the United States, were completed. The following named postmasters have served since the office was created : Dr. E. Henderson, George R. Riddle, G. L. Doane, R. C. Fluson, William Karns, John McGrew, Thomas Farley, William M. Stewart, Samuel Riddle, A. L. Robinson, Hugh McKelvy, John A. Myler, John Swan, John A. Gilleland, I. R. Stayton, James A. Grier, John Francies and the present incumbent, Wil- liam J. Kopp. Annexation of Territory — By acts of the legislature, in 1867 and 1868, the Boroughs of Manchester and Duquesne were annexed to Allegheny; also por- tions of McClure and Reserve townships and subsequently other portions of these townships have been added. Al^^ays a Manufacturing" City The estimated population of the city, in 1840, was 10,000. It is now 150,- 000. Allegheny (now Northside, Pittsburgh) has always been a manufactur- ing city. From its earliest history the citizens engaged in turning out such products as cotton, iron, steel, machinery, paper, leather, glass, rope, wagons, plows, oil, locomotives, railroad cars, etc. The first iron mill was erected on the West side of Darragh street, and ex- tended from Robinson street to. the Allegheny river. It was called the Juniata rolling mill. The city had many cotton mills, the Anchor, established in 1828 by Blackstock, Bell & Co., in the first ward on Robinson street, between Fed- eral and Balkham streets .extended along the latter thoroughfare to Lacock street. The Eagle, owned and operated by King, Pennock & Co., was bound- ed by Sandusky, Robinson and Isabella streets, fourth ward. It was estab- lished in 1832 by Arbuckle & Avery. The Hope, run by Pollard McCormick, was located at Lacock and Hope streets, fourth ward. The Penn, erected and operated by Kennedy, Childs & Co., fronted on River avenue, between Federal and Sandusky streets, and extended back to Isabella street, fourth ward. It was established in 1846. The Banner, J. K. Moorehead & Co., owners and operators, stood at Main and Sycamore streets, extending back to Carpenter alley, fourth ward. It was established, in 1836, by Voegtly & Brother. The Franklin, E. Hyde & Sons, on West Canal street, between Robinson and La- cock streets, first ward, was established, in 1858, by E. Hyde. HISTORY OF PITTvSBURGH 29 It was estimated that these six mills operated over 35,000 spindles, 650 looms, 175 cards, manufacturing annually over 11,000 bales o^^jotton into sheeting, ticking, cotton yarn and cordage, to the value of over $8UU,UUU and afforded employment to more than 1,000 hands. The Globe Plow Works was established on the Southeast corner of Penn street and Cecil allev by Samuel Hall, in 1828. They were subsequently re- moved, in 1836, to the Southwest corner of Ferry lane (now Beaver avenue) and Walnut street (now Greenwood street), Manchester (now the hfth ward of the old city of Allegheny.) The first Rope Walk erected West of the Allegheny mountams was es- tablished in Pittsburgh, in 1794, on the ground now occupied by the Mononga- hela House. The business was carried on by Col. John Irwm and wife in 1813 it was removed to Allegheny and the business continued until about 186^. At the beginning of the last century the first glass works was erected m what is now the city of Pittsburgh, on the banks of the Ohio river between Juniata street and Washington avenue. At this point the current of the river is very swift and difficult of navigation, and is generally known as Glass House Ripple." It was, however, after a brief existence, abandoned on account of the difficulty in obtaining the necessary supply of fuel. . . i • i One of the important branches of industry, and the first of the kind es- tablished North of the Allegheny river, was the paper manufactory erected by Hind & Howard on the bank of the Ohio river in the fifth ward. It was begun in the fall of 1831, completed, and made ready to operate m the following spring, but the disastrous flood in the rivers, February 10, 1832, caused great damage to the machinery and building. Repairs were promptly made and af- ter a brief delay the firm was enabled to commence operations. In 1854 the mill was partially destroyed by fire ; it was rebuilt, and was again partially de- stroyed in 1857. It was again repaired, and, in 1871, was totally destroyed These repeated disasters so discouraged the proprietors that they abandoned further prosecution of the business. First Bridge Erected In the early history of Allegheny the only means of crossing the Alle- gheny, Monongahela and Ohio rivers was by ferries, many of which were op- erated, at various times, between the North and South banks of the rivers, but only three of which were chartered, one on each of the three rivers. The building of the Allegheny bridge was commenced in 1818. It was con- structed on the arch principle, from St. Clair street, Pittsburgh, to Federal street, Allegheny. It was opened for travel February 20, 1820. In May, 1857, a supplement to the charter was obtained, authorizing the demolition of the old wooden structure and the erection of a new bridge. This was commenced in 1860, and was the first iron suspension bridge erected over a navigable stream in the United States. Its cost was $250,000. This bridge has been re- placed by the present modern structure. The Pittsburgh and Allegheny bridge erected from Hand street (now Ninth street), Pittsburgh, to Cedar street (now Anderson street) Allegheny, was completed and opened for travel in 1839. It, too, gave place to a more modern bridge. The Mechanic Street bridge (now Sixteenth street)) was completed and opened to public travel in 1837. It was destroyed by fire January 26, 1851, and rebuilt the same year. Old Western Penitentiary The Union bridge, erected from the "Point," Pittsburgh, to Grant avenue, Allegheny, was constructed of wood on the arch principle. Its erection was commenced in 1874, and was completed in the following' year. Its cost was $300,000. A few years ago it was razed by order of the Government of the United States on account of its height obstructing navigation. The North Side bridge was erected in 1884, and opened to the public on January 1, 1885. Notable Events In October, 1833 or 1834, the boilers of the Eagle Cotton mill exploded, causing a partial destruction of the building and the death of thirteen of the employees. On March 26, 1849, the steam boiler of the Cotton Batting factory, owned and operated by James and Andrew Fife, exploded completely wrecking the building, setting it on fire and entirely consuming it, together with other build- ings in the immediate neighborhood. Seven lives were lost in this disaster. On the Fourth of July, 1874, at 12 o'clock M., a most disastrous fire broke out in the second ward, in a large frame carpenter shop, at 255-257 Federal street. The origin of the fire was evidently the too careless use of fire crack- ers. The day was intensely warm, the hot rays of the sun, together with the heat arising from the burning buildings, rendered the situation of the firemen almost intolerable. Flames and burning cinders were carried by the winds over a considerable territory, until a large portion of the ward, lying West of Federal street, was a tempest of fire. Apprehensions were entertained that the whole Northern section of the city would become involved in the ruin. In addition to the general consternation, a report of a deficiency of the supply of water in the reservoirs created grave fears that the efforts of the firemen would prove unecjual to the emergency. In view of this alarming' state of af- fairs orders were issued to shut off the water in the lower districts of the city in order that the fast failing supply might be concentrated in the burning dis- trict. Owing to this wise measure, together with the efficient aid and gallant efforts of the fire department of Pittsburgh, the progress of the conflagration HISTORY OF PITTSBURGH 31 was checked. At 3 o'clock P. M. the lire crossed Federal street destroying and damaging- buildings from 248 to 274, inclusive, besides several others on White Oak alley, Hemlock and Pearl streets. However, before night came the fire was under complete control ; but its work had been accomplished and nothing remained of that thickly populated district but a mass of smouldering ruins. The loss was estimated at $244,742; insurance, $111,815.04; number of build- ings consumed and damaged, 199. On the morning of October 3, 1883, the Exposition building, located on the ground now occupied by Exposition Ball park, was entirely consumed by Allegheny City Hall fire. This building was an immense frame structure, filled with rare and val- uable articles on exhibition. Its fate was sealed almost before an alarm could be given. It was wrapped in flames within a few minutes after it was discov- ered to be on fire. The loss amounted to ^377,747.35. Butchers' Run Flood The citizens of Allegheny have abundant reason to remember July 24, 1874. They had scarcely recovered from the shock of the calamitous fire of the Fourth of July ere they were again called upon to witness a scene far more ap- palling, because it not only involved the loss of property but a terrible destruc- tion of life. The weather in the afternoon was somewhat showery, though unportenti- ous of any unusual disturbance. The people attended religious services in the evening as usual, many promenaded in the public parks and avenues. About eight o'clock vivid flashes of lightning in the North and South, accompanied by loud peals of thunder, heralded the coming torrent. Soon the gathering storm-clouds came together with terrible force, opening their flood gates of de- struction over the doomed districts, extending from the valle3'-s of Butcher's, Spring Garden and AVoods Runs on the North, to McLaughlin's, Painter's, Saw Mill and Beck's Runs on the South, covering an area of about 16 miles from North to South, and five miles from East to West. The storm appeared to be the reuslt of a combination of, or rather a col- lision between, separate forces approaching from opposite directions, coming 32 HISTORY OF PITTSBURGH together over the doomed districts covering" the heads of the streams mention- ed, whose valle5'S were filled with the down-pour until each became a mighty river, carrying death and destruction as it rushed onward towards its natural outlet. Every obstacle opposing the mighty flow went down before it. Sub- stantial brick building's melted away as if they were constructed of quicksand; wooden structures arose from their foundations, were carried along on the bos- om of the fast accumulating waters and broken up when hurled against other buildings which vainly opposed their onward course. Nothing in its path es- caped destruction — houses, bridges, trees, etc., all going down before it. The destruction of property, although immense, is nothing when com- pared with the loss of human life. Language fails to do justice to the terrible scenes presented the following morning. Those who escaped the disaster of the night hastened to the scene of ruin in search of the bodies of their lost ones. Willing hands were soon at work removing the debris ; while others waited with anxious hearts hoping their missing ones had escaped. The loss of life, as far as it could be ascertained, is placed at 124. The Sanitary Fair In the early part of March, 1864, the Pittsburgh and Allegheny branches of the Sanitary Commission, having exhausted its funds for the relief of the sick and wounded soldiers of the great Civil war, decided to hold a Sanitary Fair. A committee was appointed to take the work in hand. There being no suitable buildings in the city, it was decided to erect such as were required; and, after an examination of the various sites proposed, it was found that the public square in Allegheny was the only convenient place that would afford room enough for their erection. Buildings covering an aggregate of 73,200 square feet were erected. In addition to this the entire upper floor of the new City Hall, which had been generously granted for the purpose by the Alle- gheny councils, was occupied by the "Art Gallery" and the "Old Curiosity Shop," and there were extensive buildings for the exhibition of live stock. The fair was a great success. The total receipts were $363,370.09. The net re- ceipt, paid over to the Sanitary Committee aggregated $319,217.98. Pittsburgh Chamber of Commerce One of the Most Active and Influential Commercial Bodies of the World. Brief Survey of its History and Paramount Purposes and Accomplishments The Chamber of Commerce of Pittsburgh A^as incorporated July 8, 1876, with Hon. Thomas M. Howe, of the City of Pittsburgh, as President; J. F. Dravo, of Beaver County; Wm. McCreery, of Allegheny City; J. T. Stockdale, of Allegheny City ; Mark W. Wat- son, of Allegheny City; J. K. Moorhead, of Pittsburgh ; H. W. Oliver, Jr., of Allegheny City, and J. S. Slagle, of Allegheny City, Vice Presidents ; A . M. Marshall, of Allegheny City; Capt. R. C. Gray, of Allegheny City; Joseph D. Weeks, of Pittsburgh; Edward Gregg, of Allegheny City; C. Meyran, of Pittsburgh; J. G. Siebeneck, of Allegheny City; Simon Beymer, of Pittsburgh; Dr. D. Hostetter, of Allegheny City; George A. Kelly, of Allegheny City; T. Brent Swearin- gen, of Allegheny City; G. W. Hailman, of Pittsburgh; C. A. Carpenter, of Sewickley; Wiliam Frew, of Pittsburgh; Daniel Wallace, of Pittsburgh; S. S. Marvin, of Allegheny City; M. F. Herron, of Pittsburgh, and Ar- thur Kirk, of Sharpsburg. The Association is, therefore, to-day, in the thirty-second year of its existence. The present membership includes about eight hundred of the representative business men of the City of Pittsburgh. Its present officers are : President, Lee S. Smith; Secretary, Logan McKee; Treasurer, H. M. Landis. OBJECTS — The objects of the Chamber of Commerce are the protection, fostering and development of the commercial,, manufacturing, financial and general interests of the nation, state and municipalit}^ and, generally, to use such lawful means as will be necessary for their encouragement and protection. It would be impossible within the limits of a short space to more than men- tion some of the important projects in which the Chamber of Commerce has been interested in connection with the commercial and civic advancement of the Pittsburgh District. Perhaps the most important has been the activity of the Chamber of Commerce on behalf of promoting the Greater Pittsburgh, i. e., the consolidation of contiguous municipalities to form one large cit}^ After many years of effort, legislation has been secured which now makes possible the ac- complishment of this important project. The Chamber of Commerce Bill passed by the Legislature at the session of 1906 made possible the consolidation of the Lee S. Smith, President 34 PITTSBURGH CHAMBER OF COMMERCE Cities of Pittsburgh and .Mleghcny, and under the Chamber of Commerce Bill passed at the session of 1903, adjoining boroughs and townships may become annexed as their citizens may desire to participate in the benefits and advantages which come under one strong central city government. Pittsburgh has already moved from the eleventh to the seventh place in the population statement of American cities. As further advances become possible through the development of the Greater Pittsburgh idea, much misrepresentation of the real size and char- acter of this great city will be corrected and Pittsburgh given the high rank and position to which so far as all natural and economic conditions she is entitled. Realizing the great value of improving our natural highways of transportation— the waterways — the Chamber of Commerce has carefully kept in close touch with all move- ments to this end. This Association has con- sistently labored for years m behalf of im- provement of the Ohio river until a stage of 9 feet throughout its length at all tiiues and sea- sons be assured. The Chamber took a leading part in the effort which freed the Mononga- hela river from tolls and was largely inftru- mental in securing the construction of Davis Island Dam. Under the auspices of the Chaml)er the Provisional Committee was conr-titutcfl which has resulted in the formation oi a company to build a ship canal from Lake Urie to the Ohio river. ADVERTISING PITTSBURGH — During the World's Fair at Chicago in 1893 a Bureau of Information was maintained by the Chamber. Statistics and general in forma- tion were disseminated and opportunities giv- en visitors to Pittsburgh to see something of the extent and magnitude of our industries. No doubt many returned to make contracts for supplies. A $25,000 exhibit was maintained at the Louisiana Exposition at St. Louis in 1903. Thousands of copies of booklets and other literature representing Pitts- burgh have 1)een printed and distributed by the Chamber to all parts of the world. Pittsburgh has been ably represented by delegates from the Chamber in all important National and International conventions or assemblies. BENEVOLENCES — The Chamber of Commerce has always been a lead- er in providing relief where Pittsburgh has been called to extend assistance in times of distress. The Chamber was active in relief to sufferers by the John- stown Flood in 1889. $7,000 was raised and sent by the Chamber to Charleston, S. C, after the earthquake and a large sum of money to Jacksonville, Fla., after its devastating fire. Over $56,000 was raised for Galveston, Tex., over $240,000 for San Francisco and some $15,000 for suft"erers by the recent coal mine dis- asters at Monongah, W. Va., and the Darr and Naomi mines. ENTERTAINMENT— Many fine Banquets have been held under the aus- pices of the Chamber of Commerce which have brought to Pittsburgh distinguish- ed men of this country and others. Logan McKee, Secretary PITTSBURGH CHAMBER OF COMMERCE 35 At the dedication of the Court House the Chamber assisted in entertain- ment of over 200,000 strangers at a cost of $20,000; at the opening of Davis Island Dam 100,000. The Chamber has extended the hospitality of the city to the Pan American Congress of 1897, the National Association of Manufacturers in 1902, entertain- ed the entire commission (about 50) sent by the Chinese Government to Amer- ica in 1905, tendered a public reception in honor of Miss Plermione Schenley and gave a welcome to Baron Kuroki and party, which drew forth an expression of high appreciation and thanks from the Japanese Government. MUNICIPAL AFFAIRS— The activ- ities of the Chamber in affairs which con- cern the promotion of Pittsburgh's Municipal and general civic welfare cover a period too long and a scope too wide for more than a general review. The Chamber of Commerce has been largely instrumental in having enacted in the City of Pittsburgh, one of the most effective ordinances for the prevention of unnecessary sm.oke in the use of fuel and also the selection of competent officials to administer the smoke ordinance. Public interest in the mat- ter of smoke abatement is steadily growing, and there is an increasing desire on the part of those who have hitherto been offenders, to co-operate with the Bureau of Inspection in the elimination of smoke. Through the Com.mittee on Municipal Sanitation the Chamber of Commerce has made a contribution to the solution of the question of Sewage Disposal for Pittsburgh. A very excellent and exhaustive report of this Committee was printed and widely distributed .and has ben in demand from officials from other cities and scientific men throughout the country. The Chamber has organized a Flood Commission to consider and suggest a plan for preventing damage from the recurring and ever increasing floods in our rivers. After many years of intelligent and persistent work, the Chamber succeed- ed in having passed a civil service law, which places our municipal service on a "basis of merit and efficiency. The Committee on Free Bridges made a most exhaustive search of the law and the facts relating to the charters and franchise rights of the toll bridges crossing the rivers, and the information brought to the attention of City Coun- cils. The Chamber has been active in its work for the improvement of housing conditions in the City of Pittsburgh. Much educational work has been done and an ordinance prepared by the Chamber has been enacted, giving additional tene- ment house inspectors to the Bureau of Health. Two other ordinances are pend- ing, one providing for registration of all tenement houses, and the other for closer and more eft'ective regulation of tenement houses, and correcting certain flaws in existing conditions. H. M. Landis, Treasurer 36 PITTSBURGH CHAMBER OF COMMERCE A consistent effort has ben made to secure for Pittsburgh, the great Testing Laboratories of the United States Government, and while no selection has as yet been made, the Chamber feels confident that Pittsburgh will receive the most favorable consideration, and possibly be chosen. A notation should be made of the work of the Chamber of Commerce in presenting to the municipal authorities, recommendations for a new Market House, extension and widening of some of Pittsburgh's principal thoroughfares, placing in underground conduits telephone and telegraph wires, regulating the use of water for fire purposes through automatic sprinkling systems ; improve- ment of the milk supply, securing pure water by means of the filtration plant, and the project for a South Side Traffic Tunnel. The Chamber is advertising and presenting the Pittsburgh market through Trade Extension Excursions, conducted by its members with Merchant's Ex- cursions to Pittsburgh for out of town customers. Improved freight facilities for shippers and co-operation with transporta- tion interests is the work of a special Traffic Department and the Chamber's Committee on Transportation and Railroads. Additional and improved freight movements have been arranged, a number of important reductions in rates ef- fected and full information regarding rates and classifications secured for the membership. Many subjects of State and National import have been considered and ef- forts made to have the Chamber's conclusions carried into effect. Among these have been the tariff, conservation of natural lesources, reforestration, parcels post, improved waterways. Merchant Marine, good roads, immigration and con- sular service. To sum up, the Chamber of Commerce represents an organized effort to ad- vance the commercial and civic welfare of Pittsburgh and her interests. It rep- resents a voluntary public work. The Chamber of Commerce deserves the sup- port of every citizen who feels that he owes something to his city and is willing to do his part. NORTH SIDE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE A Youthful but Earnest Organization Created and Maintained In the Interest of Local Development of Business Enterprises The N o r t h s i d e Chamber of Commerce, with its membership of nearly two hundred of the most enterprising business men on that side of the rivers, is the outgrowth of the Alle- gheny Chamber of Commerce which was organized in 1903, but allowed to die out. The re-organization took place in 1906, with fif- ty charter members. Is- idore Reizenstein was elected President of the new chamber ; George H. Douglass, Secretary, and William C. Burry, Treasurer. The aims of the association are to promote business fel- lowship and good will, secure necessary and advantageous legisla- tion for that section of Greater Pittsburgh, and to promote, in every le- gitimate way, business enterprise among the merchants. The present officers of the chamber are: President, Isidore Reizenstein; First Vice President, Henry Albrecht ; Second Vice President, Henry C. Mendel ; Secretary, Joseph G. Renvers; Treasurer, Joseph Buka; Board of Directors, B. White, Enoch James, A. C. Ganger, Louis Eckert, W. C. Burry, August Loch, Charles P. Bernhard, George P. Luther and M. P. Trauerman. Isidore Reizenstein, the president, was born in New York, February 22, 1857. He located in Allegheny in 1865, and atended the Third Ward school in North avenue. At the age of 12 years, he entered the china and glassware store of his father, and after his death, he assisted in making it a stock company, of which Mr. Reizenstein is secretary and treasurer. Mr. Reizenstein was married in 1887, and has one child. He makes his home in the East End. Isidore Reizenstein, President 38 NORTH SIDE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE Joseph Bnka, tlie treasurer, was born in Germany .December 26, 1856, and came to this country in 1879. He located in Allegheny and later started in the dry goods business at 904 Federal street. In 1881 he married Peppi Bernheim, and two children were born to them, Alfred I. Buka, M. D., and Miss Fannie Buka. Joseph Buka, Treasurer Joseph G. Renvers, Secretary Joseph G. Renvers, the secretary, was born in Pittsburgh, November 18, 1859, at Fifth avenue and Masters Way. He received his education in St. Mary's Allegheny parochial school and St. Mary's College at Cincinnati, Ohio. He also attended the Third Ward school of Allegheny for a time. Pie has two children, a son and a daughter. Mayor and Other City Officers Pittsburg-li Today One of the Best Officered Cities of Its Size ill tlie Nation. Sketches of Those Proiiiiiient in Control of the Wheels of Local Government George W. Guthrie, Mayor 40 MAYOR AND OTHER CITY OFFICERvS THOSE COMPETENT to judge say that Pittsburgh is better governed to- day than it ever was before. Mayor George W. Guthrie was elected by the independent elements of all political parties because of his well-known inde- pendent proclivities with the hope that he would give the city a clean administra- tion. How well he has fulfilled that hope is shown by the reforms in the various departments of the city government he has caused to be inaugurated. And right ably has he been assisted by every member of his cabinet and their subordin- ates. The mayor's cabinet consists of Deupty Mayor Charles F. Kirschler ; Ed- ward G. Lang, Director of Public Safety ; A. B. Shepherd, Director of Public Works, and John Swan, Jr., Deputy Director of Public Works; Dr. J. P. Shaw, Director of Charities, and Simon Kirschler, Deputy Director of Charities. E. S. Morrow is City Controller, and James Brown, Deputy City Controller; John F. Steel, City Treasurer, and Richard M. Kopp, Deputy City Treasurer. William B. Rodgers is City Solicitor. Charles F. Kirschler, Deputy Mayor MAYOR AND OTHER CITY OFFICERS 41 Charles F. Kirschler, deputy mayor of Greater Pittsburgh, who is being urged as the RepubHcan candidate for the mayorahy at the next election, was born in Butler county, Pa., in 1864, where his parents, Christopher and Christine Kirschler were well known residents. Mr. Kirschler is a life long Republican and has served his party acceptably and well in many capacities. He has always been active in the city and county Republican committees, been delegate to Re- publican national conventions, and while mayor of Allegheny won by his aggres- siveness and insistence on right and justice the love and esteem of all. When he was but eight years old his parents moved from Butler county to Allegheny and located in the Second Ward. The son attended the public schools of that ward, and after the death of his father in 1876 he attended Duff's col- lege and the Iron City Business College. After completing his studies he en- tered the Third National Bank of Allegheny, as messenger boy — his first position — but in a short time was promoted to that of discount clerk, and by gradual ad- vancement rose to be general bookkeeper of the discount department of that bank, which position he held until January 1, 1893. From this time his advancement was noticeable, and a brilliant career was freely predicted for him. After leav- ing the bank Air. Kirschler purchased the fancy grocery business of James Lockhart on Federal street, but within a year sold it to accept the position of secretary and treasurer of the D. Lutz & Sons Brewing Company. Here his business acumen developed so strongly that he became invaluable to the company and he continued in the double position for five years. Then, the business having grown to such proportions a change was necessary, he retained the treasurership in which he continued for three years more. In July, 1901, he formed a partner- ship with F. H. Tooker and purchased the Plotel Newell, Fifth avenue, Pitts- burgh, but sold his interest there about three years later. In business, political and social life, Mr. Kirschler has always been a favorite. Always courteous and kind and quick to appreciate a favor as he is to grant one he has won a host of friends everywhere. He represented the Fifth ward, in Allegheny Select Coun- cil several times, and, in 1906, was elected the city's last mayor. Mr. Kirschler was married in 1892 to Miss Ida McClurg, daughter of John McClurg of Allegheny, and three children have resulted from the union. No more trustworthy person holds a position in the city government than John Swan, Jr., Deputy Director of the Department of Public Works. Genial, courteous, diplomatic, never out of sorts, no matter what goes wrong, he handles his duties with skill and dispatch, always able to get more work with few men, than any other ofhcial in his department. John Swan, Jr., was born in Allegheny, December 4, 1871, his father having been the late John Swan, Sr., for several years Postmaster of Allegheny City. Deputy Director Swan got his schooling in the ward schools of Allegheny and at Western University of Pennsylvania. In 1890 he entered the employ of Swan & McAfee, general contractors; then, from 1895 to 1903, he served as manager for James McAfee & Company, also general contractors, when he went into the general contracting business for him- self. In 1906, when Charles F. Kirschler was elected Mayor of Allegheny, Mr. Swan was made Public Works Director and served most eflficiently in that office until the two cities were consolidated. He then became Deputy Director of the consolidated departments. John Swan, Jr. Deputy Director Department of Public Works Sdwari; G. Lang Director of Public Safety MAYOR AND OTHER CITY OFFICERS 43 Elmer E. Siebert, Chief of the Bureau of City Assessors has a much more interesting- history than many of his friends imagine. He was born in what was then known as Colher Township, but now Alathilda Street, Nine- teenth Ward, Pittsburgh, July 6, 1861. Pass- ing through the public schools, he graduated from the Pittsburgh High School in 1880. He then kept books for Booth & Flinn for sev- eral years. Tiring of such work, and being ambitious to become an electrician, he went to Chicago and paid to hold a job while learn- ing how to handle and construct electrical ma- chinery in a big manufactory there. He prog- ressed so rapidly in his work, that in a short time the firm placed him in charge of the building of a large electric light plant at At- chison, Kansas. Completing this contract satisfactorily, he returned to Chicago and be- gan carrying out the ambition he had to in- vent and perfect an electrical switchboard. While working at his invention, however, he one day touched a highly charged light wire, and for an hour was^ given up for dead. When he came to himself, all ambition to fur- ther pursue things electrical left him, and he came back to Pittsburgh. I^Ir. Siebert, who is a son of the late Christian Siebert, has represented his ward three terms in Common Council, (1895-1901), aud in 1902, ser\^c. P. O. E. Mr. ]\Iead was born near Burlington, Vt. He moved to Pittsburgh with his par- ents in 1861, where he has resided ever since. Mr. Mead attended the schools of the Fourteenth ward, Pittsburgh, graduating from the Pittsburgh Pligh School in 1873. He read law for two years with J. H. Bald- win, and for a time was head salesman in the establish- ment of J. R. & A. Murdock, florists and nurserymen. In the spring of 1879 Mr. Mead was appointed operator, and in about a year promoted to chief operator of the Pitts- burgh Fire Alarm Tele- ^graph. Shortly after this he was made superintendent of this department, and Wil- liam De Camps, secretary of the Fire Commission, dying, Mr. Mead succeeded him. For two years he held the combined positions of secre- tary of the Fire Commission and superintendent of the Fire Alarm Telegraph, being the only person who has held the two positions jointly. Under him was introduced the police telegraph and call system, and the entire telephone system now in use by the various departments of the city. As a result of his organizing and executive ability, Pittsburgh owns as fine a system of police and fire alaim and electric inspection as can be found in the Um"ted States. Mr. Mead was president of the Pittsburgh Electric Club, also a member of the New York Electric Club during the existence of these organizations ; a mem- ber of the Electrical Committee of the International Fire Chiefs' Association, a member of the National Committee for standardizing wires for electric light wiring; a member of the old-time Telegraphers' Association, and for many years a member of the National Electric Light Association. He also assisted in organ- izing and was president of the International Association of Fire and Police Su- perintendents of the United States. He was assistant to Professor Barrett, who was chief of the Department of Electricity at the World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago, 1893, the Chief Electricians of Pittsburgh, New York and Brooklyn being the only ones so honored. He was also one of the chief electricians, with the Boston and Chicago city electricians, who made a special investigation of the destructive nature of electrolysis. Locally, Mr. Mead was for some fourteen years director of the Young Men's Republican Tariff Club of Pittsburgh; also chairman of the Regatta Committee of the Yacht Club, taking great interest in the sport. He is a Mason, being a member of Pittsburgh Lodge, 484, a member Morris W. Mead A GREAT RAILROAD CENTER 77 of the Consistory, Thirty-second Degree, and of the Mystic Shrine ; also a mem- ber of Lodge 11, B. P. O. E., and formerly a member of Twin City Lodge, 245, Odd Fellows; also of Maddock Lodge, Knights of Pythias, and formerly a mem- ber of Egremont Castle, Ancient Order of Knights of the At^ystic Chain, and tor a great many years a member of the Pittsburgh Prc.^s Club. He has always kept up his electrical connections, having been for several years General Sales Manager for the National Cable & Wire Company, and sub- sequently manager of the electrical departmnt of the H. W. Johns-Mansville Company. Eew Northsiders realize that there is so complete an electrical supply house on that side of the river as conducted by Otto J. Goettmann, at 817 East Ohio street. Mr. Goettmann handles all kinds of arc and incandescent lamps, is agent for the Buckeye Incandescent and the Western Electric Arc Lamps. He manu- factures the Roberts Minature Transformers, and handles the largest line of electrical toys in the Greater City, during the holidays. Electrical washmg ma- chines are also handled to considerable extent by him. Mr. Goettman has been in the electrical business over eighteen years, having learned the trade in Pittsburgh. In 1903, he established his present store, his place of business previous to that having been in Liberty street, North Side. Mr. Goettmann was born in Allegheny, September 30, 1873, and educated in the public schools there. He is married, has two boys, and lives at 869 Liberty street, North Side. A Great Railroad Center Pittsburg-h the Home of the Gig-antic Pennsylvania System. Recent Costly Improvements by Transpor- tation Companies Pittsburgh's marvelous rise to industrial supremacy on a site which was a wilderness infested with savages a century and one-half ago has been due, almost wholly, to resources, application, and transportation. Without enormous natural wealth development to the present pinnacle of industrial supremacy would have been impossible. Without a progressive, undaunted and active citizenship devel- opment would again have been unimportant. Lastly, but of vital importance, transportation facilities have ever been imperative in expanding what woidd otherwise have been nothing but a home and local market, despite natural wealth and individual ambition. Transportation was uppermost in the mind of George Washington, when, in 1753, he selected the junction of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers as an admirable site for a fort and which subsequently became Fort Diujuesne. In Washington's Journal, under date of 1753, we find this opinion recorded: "j^r a fort at the fork would be equally' well situated on the Ohio, and have entire command of the Monongahela, which runs up our settlement, and is extremely well designed for water carriage." Pittsburgh's development from a tiny settlement, harrassed by Indians, to the "Workshop of the World," has been marked, step by step, with the improvement -16- f^ Union Station. Pittsburgh of transportation facilities. Primitive methods of river transportation gradually evolved, into the towing of coal by steam in 1845, and the use of iron boats. The construction of dams and enormously expensive canals displayed the hunger of the community for continually improved transportation facilities which culmin- ated in the early introduction, in Pittsburgh, of the steam railroad. The history of railroad transportation, in so far as Pittsburgh is concerned, is in a measure the history of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company. The first practical railroad to enter the city, the Pennsylvania Railroad Company has ever played an impor- tant part in developing the community and to-day is the chief agent in distributing the unequaled tonnage of the Pittsburgh district in the markets of the world. The Portage Railroad, built by the State, was begun in 1831, and consisted of a series of 10 inclines over the mountains between Philadelphia and Pittsburgh, and 11 grade lines. It operated in conjunction with the Pennsylvania Canal, and the trip to Philadelphia was made in 3 days and 19 hours. After 20 years' oper- ation by the State, the railroad was taken over by the Pennsylvania Railroad Company and entirely graded. In 1851 the Pittsburgh & Ohio Railroad was completed to Beaver and the next year the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad and the Pennsylvania Central lines were opened and work begun on the Pittsburgh & Cleveland, Pittsburgh & Steuben- ville, and Allegheny Valley lines. In 1857 the Pennsylvania Railroad purchased the Pennsylvania Canal for $7,500,000. A GREAT RAILROAD CENTER 79 Improvements and extensions followed rapidly to keep pace with the indus- trial development of the district, and to-day, with an annual tonnage of about 110,000,000 tons, many lines compete for this enormous business. Railroad lines now entering Pittsburgh are: Pennsylvania Company: Pennsylv?.nia Railroad Company; Baltimore & Ohio; Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh & Lake Erie; Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis; \\'abash & Pittsburgh Terminal, and their affiliated branches. The Lake Shore & Michigan Central and Erie have operating agreements with the Pittsburgh & Lake Erie. Facilities are such that about 30,000 cars can be handled daily in the Pittsburgh district. Of all the railroads entering Pittsburgh, the Pennsylvania is the largest and most firmly established. It has always been regarded as a Pittsburgh institution, and Pittsburghers have ever been active in its development — its present president, James McCrea, and several of his predecessors having been natives of Pitts- burgh. Pittsburgh is the center from which radiate the Eastern and Western lines of the Pennsylvania system which includes about 12,000 miles. The success of the company has been due largely to its far-sighted policy in incurring any ex- penditure for improvement which the development of any given territoiy war- ranted. Thus the recent stupendous undertaking in New York City. The con- tinued increase in industrial activity in the Pittsburgh district has been met by elaborate plans for improvement and in the past 5 years the company's outlay for construction to meet the increasing demands here has been between $25,000,000 and $30,000,000. Pennsylvania Lines Entering- Pittsburgh The Pennsylvania lines entering Pittsburgh are : Pennsylvania Railroad from the East; Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne & Chicago, from the West and North- west; Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis, from the AA^est and South- west ; Buffalo and Allegheny Valley, from the North ; Western Pennsylvania, from the Northeast, and Monongahela Division, from the East and Southeast. Between its own divisions the Pennsylvania has a daily interchange of 5,000 cars and makes a daily delivery of 3,000, making a total of 8,000 cars daily. As shippers are given 48 hours to load and unload, the number of cars held daily is greatly in excess of the 8,000 total. In 1907 the Pittsburgh interchange of Pennsylvania cars amounted to 2,417,335. In recent years enormous expenditures have been made by the Pennsylvania system in establishing yards for the quick classification and distribution of freight. Another avenue for expenditure, and one adding greatly to the comfort and wel- fare of the community, was that of abolishing grade crossings. The erection of the double-track elevated structure along Duquesne Way from Union Station to the Point eliminated the most troublesome crossings and freed Liberty and Penn avenues from tracks and surface freight trains. The Fort Wayne tracks to Alle- gheny, which formerly crossed Penn and Liberty avenues at grade, now use a new, double-deck, four-track bridge. In Allegheny all grade crossings have also been eliminated by extensive and costly improvements. With the removal of surface tracks the entire freight-handling scheme at the Point has been changed. A most modern freight station has been erected and connected with the Duquesne Way elevated tracks and those leading to the Monongahela wharf. Of all single improvements the Brilliant Cut-Off stands out as the master stroke of modern scientific railroading. Though enormous in cost, it has diverted through traffic from Union Station and saved it incalculable time. It has meant more to through and local freight and commerce generally than other single im- 8o A GREAT RAILROAD CENTER provement made in years. Not only does the cut-oil serve to keep freight away from the Union Station route, but accommodates passenger service over the Val- ley tracks. The Brinton "Y" corresponds on the south to the Brilliant Cut-Off on the north. It diverts traffic from the southwest from Union Station just as the Cut-Off diverts tratfic from the northwest. Many acres of "outer" and "inner" yards are maintained by the affiliated lines of the Pennsylvania system. The "outer" yards for the classification of through freight, and the "inner" for the quick distribution of local freight. Of these, the Conway yards are the largest, with 126 miles of trackage, and with a cajiacity of 11,000 cars. The yard is emptied of all cars every 19 hours. Late Costly Iiiiproveinents Here Among the costly improvements of the past five years in the interest of freer freight movement, has been the removal of the stock yards from the East End to Herr's Island. This brought the yards nearer the heart of the city and still apart from the city and out of the road of through and local transit — and yet the present site of the stock yards enjoys connections with all lines east or west. On the South Side marvelous changes, reflecting the genius of the greatest engineers, have been wrought. A four-track route runs east and west from the Ohio Connecting Bridge to Thomson, through a half dozen yards in connection with the mill business. A modern structure, adapted to heavy rolling stock, has replaced the old Monongahela River Bridge, and the Port Perry Bridge has been double-tracked. With a highly perfected system for separation of passenger and freight traffic — local and through freight — and quick distribution, the Pennsylvania sys- tem has made Pittsburgh, with its 110,000,000 annual tonnage, practically con- gestion-proof. Passenger traffic has received careful and considerate attention in the con- venient location of stations, comfortable and modern equipment and artistic con- struction, together with fast train service. Union Station, in the heart of the business district, is used by 40,000 passengers daily. Over 400 trans arrive and depart from Union Station daily, of which 16 leave daily for Philadelphia and New York; 8 for Baltimore and Washington; 12 for Chicago; 9 for Cleveland; 7 to St. Louis ; 4 to Cincinnati ; 3 to Toledo, and 3 to Buffalo. A new station recently completed in Allegheny was erected at a cost of $375,000, and it is one of the most commodious and convenient suburban stations in the United States. The new East Liberty station is a model of suburban rail- road station construction, while scores of modern structures mark the stops on the Pennsylvania system within the Pittsburgh district. The Pittsburgh district — the most important producer of freight in the world — pays enormous revenues yearly to the railroads, and the railroads have been quick to show appreciation. None has been more fortunate in sharing the bounty of the district than the Pennsylvania system, and none has been more liberal in its effort to merit it. Western Penna. Humane Society A Staunch and Honored Institution, Devoted to the Pre- vention of Cruelty to Children, Aged Persons and Animals The stor}^ of Pittsburgh would be by no means complete without special mention of the Western Pennsylvania Humane Society, whose offices are located at 440-442 Sixth Avenue. The present officers of the society are: President, Joseph G. Walter; Vice Presi- dents, Mrs. Samuel McKee, J. Walter Hay, Mrs. H. Lee Mason, Col. A. P. Burchfield, H. L. Mason, Jr., Mrs. Henry Asthalter, William G. Johnston, Mrs. S. S. Carrier, Mrs. William Wallace, Mrs. Peter Young, James L. Marshall, S. L. Fleishman; Secretary, Miss Frances R. Henry; Treasurer, H. L. Mason, Jr, ; Trustees, H. Lee Mason, Joseph G. Walter; Board of Managers, Mrs. E. M. Butz, Mrs. Harvey Henderson, Mrs. H. F. Lynch, Mrs. A. M. A. Balph, William D. Thompson, George O. Morgan, Mrs. F. F. Nicola, Miss Mary F. Urling, William H. Black, Mrs. J. A. Lippincott, Mrs. Alexander King, Mrs. Ad. C. Groetzinger, Mrs. S. M. Hunnings, Mrs. PL L. Mason, Jr., August Loch, Henry H. Negley, Lawrence C. Woods, Hon. Samuel S. Mehard; Superinten- Cha.e corner of Fifth avenue and Stevenson street growing out of the demand of White patrons living in Oakland, East End and Wilkinsburg. HONOR ROLL OF SUCCESS 137 Perhaps one of the most striking points about the White stores is the fac that they have both always been courteous to their patrons. They have always been located away from the high rent and high tax districts thus always saving their customers at least thirty per cent. They're the stores that always trust the people for all they want, and the people always trust hem. The McPherson Printing Company The McPherson Printing Company employs no solicitors, and are al-.yays busy, because they have never failed to deliver an order when ,t was promised If for any reason, they should fail to do so, they will call their customer up and A Corner in the Press-Room teli him so, and why. If you want a job in a hurry, they will let the throttle out another notch and deliver on time. Alamo Cottage Sanatorium A marvelous cure from consumption is one of the reasons back of the foun- dation of the Alamo Cottage Sanatorium, at Alamogordo, New Mexico, by W. A Reed. Mr. Reed is the son of Joseph H. Reed, of 1900 Chartiers street. North Side, and when he left for New Mexico his life was despaired of. An athlete, six foot 'in his stocking feet, with weight in proportion, the ravages of consumption had reduced him to 125 pounds. He first went to Silver City, N. M., but the alti- tude there being too high, he took up the fight against the disease at Alamogodo, reaching there last January. He now weighs 160 pounds and physicians have pronounced him cured. Mr. Reed then set about to establish the Cottage Sana- torium. Each patient has a cottage, built to allow a maximum of fresh air and comfort while the cuisine and service are the best available. The patients are W. A. Reed and Groitp of Friends under the direction of a competent staff of physicians and a matron of nine years' experience, and nurses are in constant attendance. Pure water is piped nine miles from springs in the Sacramento mountains. The altidudc is 4,420 feet and the cHmate, free from cold, excessive heat and moisture, is perfect. Alamagordo is on the main line of the Rock Island Railroad and is 86 miles north of El Paso. The terms are ^75 per month including medical attention and ordinary nursing. Beginning Work on Alamo Cottage Sanatorium HONOR ROLL OF SUCCESS 139 Heroism among firemen is taken as a matter of course by a public, which is only too eager to ap ;>laud some deec' of performed by a man who does not wear a city uniform. Many who have ^peut their life in the protection of life and property go into retirement with only their friends knowing the bravery they have displayed. One man who has ex- perienced all the perils that come with fire fighting is Peter Schatzman, an As- sistant Chief of the Fire Department, wha was retired last July after a ' long and honorable service. He was born September 10, 1849, in Germany, and came to this country as a boy of seven. His parents located in Canton, O., later coming to Allegheny, where his father was a tailor and cutter. Mr. Schatzman went into the Volunteer Fire Depart- ment, in 1868, and two years later en- tered the city paid fire department. He was made captain of police and served for one year, being made Assistant Fire Chief in 1892. He hves at 718 First street. North Side. He has a wife, three sons and a daughter. Peter Schatzman Art In Pittsburgh There is a general idea abroad that Pittsburgh produces nothing but pig- iron and pickles, and is devoid of the arts, but anyone taking the time will find her people to the front in many other fields. The studios of the Pittsburgh Photo-Engraving Company are thoroughly suggestive of art and are producing some of the finest specimens of art booklets and catalogs in the country. One just issued for the Guarantee Title & Trust Company, of Pittsburgh, is a work of art, indeed. ' The illustrations are in three art tones tipped on an antique paper, each page is in an embossed panel. Another particularly striking book is one made for the Bank of Pittsburgh National As- sociation, entitled "In the Year 1810." It is gotten out in the style of one hundred years ago, the paper, envelopes and illustrations being in harmony with the early colonial period. The studios of the Pittsburgh Photo Engraving Company are located at 723 Liberty street, where they handle all classes of illustrations, engraving and print- ing. Sherman Smith is president of the company, Roland S. Smith, secretary- treasurer and Charles Johnson, art director. The City Markets No Better Condvicted Markets Exist Anywhere, While That of Alleg-heny has no Equal in the United States Pittsburgh is rich in her market houses, perhaps no city in the union being so well provided in this respect. At all points of the civic compass the good housewife has set before her provisions and meats, so temptingly arrayed that marketing is a delight. The most im- portant markets in the greater city are the Pittsburgh market in the Old City Hall, the Allegheny market, which occu- pies an entire block facing on Federal street. North Side, and the Liberty and South Side markets. To the casual mas- culine observer all markets may look alike, but ask the feminine head of the house, and she will say that there are some points of difference in these morn- ing marts. None of the markets has a stronger hold on the wise purchaser than the one in Allegheny. Under its great roof are more than three hundred merchants and everything good to eat. This market is admittedly one of the finest in the United States, the arrangements of the stands and sanitary precautions being almost ideal. It is spotless town with a roof over it. At one time the market was in the middle of Federal street, be- tween what are now the City Hall and Carngie Music Hall. Councils have authorized a bond issue of $1,000,000 to be voted for by the people for the erection of a gigantic convention hall and modern market house to occupy the site of the present Allegheny Market and the Diamond Square at Federal and Ohio streets. North Side. The movement is being urged by the North Side Chamber of Commerce. The backers of the project have con- vinced councils that as Pittsburgh has no assembly hall which will admit of hold- ing a large convention and as a result this city is not considered when organiza- tions and political parties are planning large meetings, there is an immediate necesity for such a structure. The plan is to place the market on the first floor of the proposed building and to use the upper portions as a convention hall, with an arcade over Federal street. Traction loops are to circle the proposed building with switches for cars which will bring produce direct from the farm to the market. If this project is carried out is is estimated that the city will gain a revenue of $150,000 annually, which in time will pay for the building. Under the superintendency of George E. Smith, the Allegheny market is being conducted better than ever before. He has shown fine executive ability, George E. Smith Superintendent Allegheny Market Views of Allegheny Market 142 THE CITY MARKETS and since his incumbency many improvements have been made. He took the lead in the weights and measure reform, holders in the Allegheny market : Here is something about the leading stand- One of the oldest men in the Allegheny Market is Enoch James. He has kept a butclier's stand there for thirty-five years, and is known to generations of housewives. A butcher all his life, Mr. James has given' his business close attention at all times, using the knife and saw when he might have enjoyed a well-earned leisure. Mr. James was born March 12, 1857, in Alle- gheny county, near Carnegie, his parents removing to Alegheny when he was eight years old. He was a school director in the old Tenth ward, now the Fifteenth ward. He has a handsome home at 64 Wabash avenue. At Stands Nos. 203 and 219, in the center of the market, are the wares of the Allegheny Butter Company, of which C. W. Antony is proprietor. Mr. Antony came from Holland in 1889 with a thor- ough knowledge of the dairy business. His greatest achievement was the estab- enoch James Hshmcnt of a Creamery at which his fa- mous "A. B. C." butter is made. J. R. Pulpress, dealer in fiish, oysters and game at Stands, Nos. 76 and 78, is the head of a business that has stood the test for thirty years. He is the oldest fish dealer on the North Side, which experience is at th service of the buyer. Charles H. Stafford has been at Stand 196 for twenty years, and wdiether it be summer or midwinter, he has the choicest in vegetables and fruits to offer. Succeeding his father in business, George P. Leety, at Stands Nos. 137 and 138, is a specialist in fruits, making a feature of the finest celery. For more than a quarter of a century a member of this family has catered to discriminating buyers. The tempting stands of J. J. Klaese, Nos. 93 and 94, offer the best in butter, eggs and cheese with attractive offerings in teas, coffees and canned goods. The name of Klaese has been associated with the butter and egg business for 30 years, and that should mean something. The only stands that deal in fruit exclusively are those of J. C. Cuneo, Nos. 27 and 29. Mr. Cuneo has been in the market since 1870, and he and his enter- prising son have built up a fine business. "Look for the large mirror," and you will find the stand of W. J. Wyland, dealer in fish and oysters. One of his stands has a huge mirror for a back- ground, furnishing an attractive setting for the finest that comes out of the water. For a number of years the butter and egg stand of John Zimmer, No. 86, has been on the shopping itinerary of careful purchasers. Air. Zimmer believes that the best is not too good for his patrons, and takes the greatest care in the selection of his stock. His butter is held up as a standard of excellence in hun- dreds of households on each side of the river. The oldest butter man in the market is J. C. Gibson, who has stands Nos. 197, 198 and 206. He has brought into the county the largest cheese ever seen THE CITY MARKETS 143 here, weighing 1,200 pounds. His Harkimer County cheese fairly melts in your mouth. For sixteen years John Delisi & Bros., at Stands Nos. 80 and 128, have been filling market baskets with the finest green vegetables and foreign and domestic fruits. They make a specialty of pure, imported olive oil. Home-made bread and pies that recall the delights of country fare are to be found at the stand of Mr. Cornman, No. 177. Cakes are her specialty and the woman who can resist Mrs. Cornman's display must be hard to please. Two enterprising and public spirited young merchants are Litten & Grubbs who have Stands Nos. 7, 9, 133 and 134. They led in the Market House fight for honest weights and measures, and not only carry out what they preach in fruits and vegetables, but see that the quality is right. One of the best-known men in the Market is Thomas A. Nardina, a pro- gressive dealer in fruits and vegetables, his specialties being limes, mushrooms and Ohio celery. He has been twenty years in business in Allegheny. His stands are 17, 139, and 141, and while his retail trade is large he supplies many clubs and hotels. Taking up their father's business, the sons of a veteran marketman are making a great success of the firm of James Pogue's Sons. They deal in but- ter, eggs and cheese, at Stands Nos. 204, 205 and 218, but have lately added a special line of fine cofifees. Their business is wholesale and retail, supplies being furnished the hotels and restaurants. The oldest man in his line- in the Market is Julius Eicher, at Stands Nos. 180 and 199, dealer in fruits and vege- tables. He stood in the old market, in 1857 and has been in the present building since it was established. Years have made him an expert in selecting the best for his patrons. Established in 1880, T. Rovegno, dealer in fruits and vegetables at Stands Nos. 77 and 175^, is one of the most successful under the great roof. Indian River oranges are one of his specialties. A reputation for square dealing has won a big trade for George P. Hanny who sells butter, eggs and cheese, and a full line of delicatessens at Stands Nos. 135 and 136. He backs up everything that he sells. Charles A. Muehlbronner, ex-senator, ex-legislator, ex-councilman and successful business man, who is the proprietor of the Iron City Produce Com- pany, 201 Ferry street, one of the largest and most prominent business houses in Western Pennsylvania, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., May 10, 1875. Through- out his life his progress has been steady and brilliant and honors have come to him faster than to most men, only to leave him the same care-taking and con- scientious business man and friend. Thomas A. Nardina 144 THE CITY MARKETS When but a baby his parents moved from Philadelphia and located'at La Grang'e, Ohio, and later moved to Richmond, Ky. In 1865 they moved to Pittsburgh, where Mr. Muehl- bronner attended the public schools until he was fifteen years old. He then started to learn the painters' trade, but finding no inclination for the work stopped after 18 months' efifort and spent four years in a gro- cery story as clerk. In 1878 he went to California and in San Francisco resumed painting and continued at it for a year and a half only to stop ag-ain and returning' to Pittsburgh he eng'ag'ed in selling" g^rocers' sup- plies. In 1872 he started a poultry business and later added fruit and vegetables, and it was from this be- ginning" the magnificent business of the Iron City Company has arisen and of which Mr. Muehlbronner is the proprietor. This company han- dles several hundred thousand dol- lars worth of produce each year, representing some 25,000 carloads in addition to great quantities of shipments received by boat. This immense business is carried on through correspondence. He has Served as stockholder and director in the Western Savings & Deposit Bank, German National Bank of Pittsburgh and German-American Savings & Trust Company. In his dealings he is fair, honorable and kind to all. A staunch Republican he has served his party loyally and has been greatly honored by it. His political career started with his election as tax collector in the Seventh Ward, Allegheny, which position he held for three years. While serving in that capacity he was elected a member of the school board of that ward and also the representative of the ward in Common council, thus holding three positions at the same time from the same ward but the duties of neither of- fice suffered thereby. His ability won him a re-election to Common council and to a seat in the Select branch. In 1890 while serving there he was elected to the State Legislature and after serving two terms there was elected to the State Senate. He was defeated for re-lection by only 400 votes in the Citizens- Democratic landslide in 1902. Charles A. Murhlbronni Henry Kreiling^ & Sons Company The Henry Kreiling & Sons Company, which occupies seven stands — 116 to 128 inclusive — in the Liberty Market, East End, is known to every housewife in the Greater City who knows anything about good meats. The Kreilings not only supply meats to hundreds of private families, but many of the leading cater- ers and hotel men are among their constant customers. The resident of the East End is essentially a good liver. He knows what good things are. He is able to pay for and naturally demands the best. This applies to the man not only who goes out to dine or banquet, but to him who takes his breakfast and dinner at Henry Kreiling & Sons Go's. Meat Stands home, and whose table must be supphed with first class viands only. The Kreil- ings supply such customers regularly and at the same time do not neglect any of their large and growing trade eleswehere. They have occupied their present quarters since the Liberty Market was opened ten years ago and are among the largest meat dealers of Western Penn- sylvania. The firm consists of Henry Kreiling, President and his two sons, Albert E., Secretary, and Harry G., Treasurer. Calhoon Provision Company The Calhoon Provision Company, S. E. Calhoon, proprietor, whose plant is at 625-627 Lenora street, while not very long established, is one of the most up-to-date business places in the East End. It manufactures prime tal- lows and baking shortening, pays cash for fancy hides, tallow, pelts and butchers' fats, and solicits the patronage of those who have such products to sell. Mr. Calhoon has es- tablished an enviable trade among the best people of the East End and has a large cus- tom throughout the entire city. All interested in his line would do well do give him a call. Telephone, 4366, Highland. S. E. Calhoon 146 MUSICAL PITTSBURGH Joseph P. liilldorfer, Conimon Council- man from the Tenth ward. North Side, was born in the Eighth ward, North Side, in 1871. He is the son of P. J. and Biirga Hill- dor fer and a splendid example of a self- made man. He had only eight months school- ing in the public schools and, when his father died in 1881, he began business for himself as a newsboy ; giving his mother his earnings to help her along and to save for him. Two years later he became errand boy for butch- ers in the Allegheny Market and so faithful and prompt was he that at the age of seven- ten he was placed in charge of the killing and dressing of meats at the Western Penn- sylvania Hospital, being the youngest per- son ever to hold that responsible position. In 1890 he went to Pittsburgh Market as an employee and three years later formed a partnership with John S. Wilson under the firm name of Wilson & Hilldorfer. The firm was dissolved in 1899 and the firm became that of Hilldorfer & Allman, which still continues. In 1890 he married Miss Alice Simpson of Latrobe and to this union have been born three children, Marie, Bennie and Alice. In February 1903, Mr. Hilldorfer was elected to Common Council from the Tenth ward, Allegheny, and he is a member of the Committees on Finance, Public Safety, Charities and Surveys, and is Chairman of the Sub-Committee on Health. He is a life member of Allegheny Lodge No. 339, B. P. O. Elks and a member of Pittsburgh Aerie, No. 76, Fraternal Order of Eagles. He is one of the substantial business men of his own city, made so by his own efforts, and, having served three terms as Common Councilman for the Tenth ward. North Side, he will be a possible candidate for Select Councilman from the Twenty-sixth ward of the Greater City. Mr. Hilldorfer, being the originator of the movement for Universal Iransfers for the Greater Pittsburgh, never misses an opportunity for urging such a measure for the benefit of the entire community. Joseph P. Hilldorfer Musical Pittsburgh Despite Commercial Tendencies the City Stands in tlie Front Rank in Music and Art. Brief Sketches of Mu- sicians, Musical Org-anizations and Music Concerns Side by side with Pittsburgh's marvelous industrial development and al- most in spite of it, has been fostered a love for music and the arts until this city is known wherever there is appreciation of the beautiful and enduring in MUSICAL PITTSBURGH 147 tone and picture. Steel and symphony, mines and melody, seem strangs partners pioneers who came across songs of Wales, dermany, until one reads the struggles of the music-loving sea and mountains, carrying with them the folk England, Ireland and Scotland. How this inherent quality in a sturdy people has sprung into magnifi- cent development through long years of solicitude and oft-deferred hope, is exemplified in the Pitts- burgh Orchestra, an or- ganization which splendid- ly carries out the dreams of the fathers of music in this community. Besides this orchestra there are many other organizations which typify the high standard of Pittsburgh's musical culture and serve to tell the world that Vul- can in his off hours seeks the softer arts, all with a preference for that which is artistically sound. This was illustrated in the old Gounod Club and its suc- cessor, the Mozart Club and Art Society. Pittsburgh has given many musicians to the world besides making it pos- sible for such men as Archer, Herbert and Paur to still further give expression to their genius. In the popular sense two names stand out more prominently, Stephen Foster and Ethelbert Nevin, the first was a writer of heart-gripping homely songs that will live as long as the language endures, and the secorid a "tone poet." Foster's 'Old Kentucky Home," "Suanee Ribber," "Old Dog Tray," and "Massa's in the Cold, Cold Ground" will never grow old. In the long list of distinguished names the first to be named arn.>ng the pioneers of music is William Evens. He was an Englishman, born in 1784, was impressed on an English man-of-war in 1804; escaped at Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 1808; came to Pittsburgh in 1811 by wagon, taking twenty days for the trip. He began teaching vocal music, continuing to do so to almost the end of his life, in 1854. He conducted many singing schools, and had much to do in improving music in the church service. Historians owe him much because he collected newspaper and other clip- pings relating to local musical happenings. The scrap books he made are now in the Carnegie Library, and form almost the sole source of information con- cerning the history of music in Pittsburgh, during the first half of the last cen- tury. He also collected many volumes on general musical history and biography, which are also in the Carnegie Library. It seems a long way from the sturdy Evens to the time of the Mozart Club and the splendid concerts which are given in the Carnegie Institute, but the persistent growth is better understood v/hen one considers the men who came be- William Evens 148 MUSICAL PITTSBURGH tween, Daeuble, Kleber, the Mellors, Tetedoux, Zitterbart, Pope, the Toerges, Gittings, Retter, and Foerster. Of course, in the scope of this paper it would be impossible to consider all the men and women who fanned and kept alive the spark of good music in a then small city on the western side of the Alle- ghanies, remote from the centers of culture anc;! in a young country. A running comment of some of these pioneers cannot but be inspiring to the student whose magnificent opportunities are in vivid contrast to the time when the bringing of a piano into this section was an epoch. At the close of the War of 1812, music seemed to be thriving in this county, if a glance at some of the old advertisements mean anything. Charles Rosen- baum had set himself up as a piano forte maker, while his business neighbor, Charles L. Volz, showed himself more versatile in meeting the demands of the town since he called attention to the fact that he had "a fine line of hardware, books, slates and violins." His son, Ferdinand Volz, became Mayor of Pitts- burgh in the 50's. Nathan Richardson, in 1816, was selling sheet music; all showing that the city was taking its first steps in the cultivation of an art on what seemed to be most barren and unpromising ground. John H. Mellor C. C. Mellor John H. Mellor, an Englishm.an started in the music business in this city December 1, 1831, the C. C. Mellor Company being a continuation of this firm. Mr. J. H. Mellor was organist of Trinity church from 1831 to 1858 and was at the head of various movements to increase interest in many phases of musical culture. Mr. Mellor's son, C. C. Mellor, is known as the "Dean of Pittsburgh Music Houses," and like his father, has devoted his life to public-spirited movements for the advancement of the highest in music and art. For many years he was organist of the First Presbyterian church then on Wood street, now on Sixth avenue, and was considered the best player and the highest authority on pipe or- gans in the city. C. C. Mellor was one of the original trustees of the Carnegie Institute, and is a warm personal friend of the great Iron Master. Among the pioneers whose names stand out prominently is Henry Kleber. He was the first man to publish music on this side of the Alleghany Mountains. Mr. Kleber came to Pittsburgh inl835 and his first public appearance was four MUSICAL PITTSBURGH 149 years later when he assisted at a concert given by Madame Fabri. He taught piano and singing at Doctor Lacey's Seminary, was organist of St. Paul's S. C. Foster Henry Kleber cathedral, later presiding at the organ in the Third Presbyterian church. In 1841 he established a music house. His name was long associated with the Old Drury Theater in Penn avenue. Theodore Daeuble the oldest living musical director in Alle- gheny county, came to this coun- try in 1855, settling in Allegheny in 1857. He was born in Zindel- fmger, Wurtemburg in 1829, and despite his years is active and enthusiastic to-day in musical af- fairs. I'or fifty years he has been connected with St. John's German Lutheran church, Madison ave- nue. North Side, first as director of the choir, and later as trustee. His other activities included the directorship of Aurora Quartette, Odd Fellows Saengerbund, Ce- celia Maennorchor, Concordia Maennorchor, and the Beethoven Maenerchor. The Concordia Maennerchor had a membership of forty and was one of the first in Allegheny county. The Ce- celia is the only one of these or- ganizations now in existence. In Theodore Daeuble " 1897 the socictics Celebrated Mr. 150 MUSICAL PITTSBURGH Daetible's birthday by giving him a gold headed cane with the names of tlie organizations inscribed on it. Adolph Knauff organized the Teutonia Maennechor while Robert Bloom formed a society which bore his name. Between these organizations and those under the directorship of Air. Daeuble there was a great rivalry. Later Mr. Daeuble was assistant director un- der Franz Lohnian. Mr. Daeuble is still a trustee of St. John's church. During his more active musical days he took a part in all the big Saengerfests. J. William Pope was active in music in the county when the nineteenth century was yet young, being chiefly noted as a writer of songs and also poems. He was born in Pittsburgh March 10, 1827 and still lives here. His work had a wide scope inasmuch as he was a campaign singer as well as appearing in churches. He was a bass singer with a great upper register, singing from conta "C" to "A" flat in the upper register, more than two octaves and a half. He is well and hearty to-day. J. William Pope Clement Tetedoux will be held in re- mebrance as the finest and most artistic vocal teacher Pittsburgh has ever had. Soon after coming to Pittsburgh in 1857 he gathered about him large classes. Pie was organist for the Cantata society about 1858 and great throngs came to hear his concerts at the opening of Lib- erty Hall in 1871. This hall was then the center of all things artistic and musical during that period. He is chiefly known, however, for his work in organizing the Gounod Club and which not only gave con certs under his direction but operas as well. Under his direction were given "Norma," "Martha," Bohemian Girl," "La Traviata," and "Girofle-Girofla." Thomas F. Kirk, Sr., a native of Pittsburgh, born October 6, 1842, is the oldest active music teacher in Pittsburgii. He was director of St. Paul's Cathedral choir for several years. He organized and conducted the Philharmonic So- Clement Tetedoux THE GREAT WESTERN BAND The members of the Great Western Band, as indicated by numbers in the above picture, were as follows : 1, Herman Rentz 2, Dewald Geiger 3, Joesph Rauff 4, William Specht 5, Andrew Voig-ht 6, George Leppig 7, Herman Rottkay 8, John Schubait 9, Adolph Ludwig 10, Ferdinand Deitz 11, George Lerch 22, 12, Charles B. Weis 23, 13, Phillip Weis 24, 14, John Weis 25, 15, Balthasar Weis 26, 16, Gotthart Kscheir 27, 17, AVilliam Ruhe 28, 18, Louis Bartel 29, 19, Jacob Friesel 30, 20, W. Freiebershauser 31, 21, Charles Alborn Charles Heim Daniel Leach Ben Kellers John Frey Fred Ronigk Albert Schuman Jacob Goddard Jacob Rohr Oswald Weber John Oberhausser 152 MUSICAL PITTSBURGH Thomas F. Kirk, Sr. came its leader. The 'members thasar Weis, director ; Phillip Louis Zitterbart, William Fehl, Charles Hein, Charles Alborn, Gustav Beck, George Wessel George Rentz. All of these are ciety and the Pittsburgh Musical Club. Pie directed many choirs, orchestras and local amateur opera choruses. He or- ganized and was director of the famous G. A. R. Band ("President McKinley's Own") in Canton, Ohio, where he re- sided for nearly three years, returning again to this city. Young's Band, the first professional musical organization in Pittsburgh, was formed in 1852. Its members went to the Civil War in 1862, as volunteers, becoming the band of the Twelfth Regi- ment. In 1865 the name was changed to the Great Western Band and a charter secured by Balthasar Weis, who be- of the band when chartred were as follows : Bal- Blumenschein, Julius Moore, Joseph Plartel, Jacob Rohr, Christoph Specht, Adolph Ludwig, Peter Peck, Phillip Kalkhof, Albert Schuman, Dev\^ald Geiger, Oswald Weber, Herman Rentz, now dead except Herman Rentz. The band gained a great reputation between Philadelphia and Chicago. In fact, there was a strong rivalry existing between it and the foremost Philadephia bands and the few members of the organization still living take great pride in recounting its triumphs in great parades in Philadelphia. Charles B. Weis, the manager of the band and the oldest son of Balthasar Weis, has also been instructor and director of the orchestra at the Holy Ghost College for the past twenty-five years and is a member of the orchestra of one of the leading local theaters. Few men have had a more potent influence on the musical history of the city than the Toerge brothers. They had the first prominent orchestra in this city, George being the director and Fred the concertmeister. These brothers made a stand for good music in Pittsburgh and solidified into an earnest move- ment what had been more or less sporadic attempts at faithfulness to the classic works. Old time Pittsburghers will recall George Toerge's prominent part in the old Liberty Hall concerts and the Gounod society operas. When the late Clement Tetedoux organized the Guonod club, the Toerges orchestra furnished the music. The Toerge quartets brought chamber music up to a high standard, their first concerts being given in Hamilton Hall in Fifth avenue. Fred Toerge was known to thousands as the leader of the Alvin theater orchestra. The brothers often appeared at the home of Andrew Carnegie, and the steel master and George Toerge always addressed each other by their first names. The Toerges were often assailed by doubts as to the future of music hereabouts, but their fears have happily not been realized. Franz Lohman was a prominent instructor and musical director who was very actively engaged at the same time as Tetedoux and the Gounod Club. He was the only man Pittsburgh ever had who produced with local talent standard German operas, regarded as quite elaborate for that period. J*^ a S ^mk _— ««sa# zxl^ Q H 2 o fc bo ■^ -& Q "S ^^ ^IH %.- ..».. ^H fe'4-, '-^ '^K ^^^^ ^H f^>^^ -' m ^^^HHIBbk .^ ^^HRi ^ ^^^I^HifflK^'^ ^^I^H^'' MUSICAL PITTSBURGH 167 Miss Qlive Wheat, soprano and voice teacher, was born n Belleplain, Iowa, and received instruction from some of the leading teachers of the country. She has sung in con- cert in almost every State in the Union while entour with the Schubert Ladies. Miss Wheat has been a soloist m the oratorios of "The Creation," "Ehjah," "Messiah," etc., and also with a number of organizations, including the Pitts- burgh Male Chorus and the Tuesday Musical Club Choral. Miss's Wheat is now soloist at the Emory Methodist Epis- copal church. Her studio is at 307 Wallace building. Miss Olive Wheat Miss Winifred Reahard Miss Adele Reahard Miss Winifred Reahard has been for some time contralto soloist in the choir of the Point Breeze Presbyterian church. Prior to this engagement she held a similar position in the choirs of the Sixth United Presbyterian church and Christ Methodist Episcopal church. Aside from church singing her time is largely taken up with concert work. Miss Adele Reahard, teacher of piano and harmony, for a number of years has been engaged in instructing .— - "- pupils in this city. Much of her time is taken up with concerts and recitals. She makes a specialty of accompanying, having played for many of the best singers, teachers and violimsts. Miss Rea- hard's studio is at 329 Pacific avenue. W. Yeatman Griffith, "basso cantante," was born in Cincinnati, receiv- ing his musical education there and in Germany. His first big appearance was with the Cincinnati Orchestra under the direc- tion of Mr. Vander- stucken. He has sung be- fore many prominent musical organizations, and will sing one of the oratorios in New York City this winter. He has sung the "Messiah," and .^ , ^/r • "The Seasons," and has appeared before the Mozart Club, the Tuesday Musi- cal Club and the Edgeworth Club, of Sewickley. • Mrs W Yeatman Griffith was born m Hamilton, O., and, m 1894, her par- ents moved to Cincinnati, where she continued her studies She was a soloist at the Cincinnati May Festival, under the direction of Theodore Thomas, m 18^8 In 1901 Mr and Mrs. Griffith came to Pittsburgh, Mr. Griffith being en- gaged as bass' soloist at the Third Presbyterian church. He later became di- W. Yeatman Griffith Mrs. W. Yeatman Griffith 16S MUSICAL PITTSBURGH rector of the choir of the Sixth United Presbyterian church, his wife being so- prano in the same choir. In the recitals given by husband and wife, Mrs. Grif- fith accompanies the entire program and assists her husband, also, in studio work. The residence studios of the Griflfiths are at No. 822 South Negley ave- nue. Among the voice instructors of the city who re- ceived their training abroad is Miss Anne Griffiths, who studied under leading masters in England. She was also a pupil of Mrs. Brown, of New York. Miss Griffiths has qualifications for instruction in all branches of vocal art. She was assistant to B. N. Foley, in Cincinnati, and conducted a large class in Dayton, O. She has appeared with the leading mu- sical clubs of the country. For several years she has been soprano in the Shadyside Presbyterian church. Her studio is at 5535 Ellsworth avenue. 'Phone, Highland, 1383 (Bell.) MihS Anne Griffiths Sent to Germany at the age of twelve to study, Franz Kohler, violinist of the Mendelssohn Trio, has spent much of his life abroad. He studied under Carl Halir, of Berlin. Mr. Kohler recently appeared as concert-meister of the P'estival Orchestra of Pitts- burgh, before the Chautauqua Assembly in Cumber- land, Md. During his many orchestral engagements Mr. Kohler has played under such directors as Ed- ward Lassen, Walter Damrosch, Richard Strauss, Emil Paur and Victor Herbert. He is now assistant concert-meister of the Pittsburgh Orchestra. Franz Kohler Years of study in this country and abroad have equipped Harry G. Archer as a teacher of organ, piano and the theory of music. Pie was born in Bellaire, O., but received his early train- ing in Columbus, O., where his parents removed when he was seven years: old. His education was continued in Berlin, studying organ and theory three years under Dr. Reimann and piano under Professor Loeschorn. Mr. Archer came to i-'itts- burgh in August, 1891. Besides his regular teach- ing work he is organist and choir director of the First Evangelical Lutheran church, in Grant street. The programs he has arranged for Lenten ser- vices at this church have been looked forward to by music lovers. Mr. Archer has arranged and performed many sacred works hitherto not heard in this city. In conjunction with Rev. Luther D. Reed, Mr. Archer has ar- ranged and published some works on church music, including "The Choral Ser- vice," "Season Vespers" and Psalter and Canticles. Mr. Archer has worked to make perfect and uniform the chanting of the old Gregorian psalm-tones. His studio is at 406 Sixth avenue. Harry G. Archer MUSICAL PITTSBURGH 169 Carl Bernthaler Carl Bernthaler was born on Stuttgart, Germany. His musical studies were conducted under Emil Ring and J. H. Rodgers, of Cleveland, and Mueller-Hartung, Weimer, Germany. He is the pianist of the Mendelssohn and the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra, where he has accompanied most of the great soloists. Two years ago, when the need of some musical organization for the summer months was felt in Pittsburgh, and also it became advisable to hold as many as possible of the artists of the Symphony Orchestra here during the heated term, Frank W. Rudy organized the Pittsburgh Festival Orchestra of thirty musicians. Mr. Bernthaler was chosen its conductor. The orchestra this season gave eight weeks concerts, six nights each on the Schenley lawn. These were very well attended this being the first thing of its kind in Pittsburgh during the summer. Franz Kohler was the concert-meister. Included in the faculty of the V^on Kunits School of Music and Art is Otto Kegel. He received his first instruction under Frederick Schulze, chamber musician, in Dresden. At Hamburg he came under the tuition of A. Biederman, one of the most fa- mous cornet virtuosi of Germany. Since 1893 he has been in America, playing first v/ith Anton Seidl's Symphony Orchestra, then under Victor Herbert for eight years, and finally under Emil Paur. He has been a member of the Pittsburgh Orchestra since 1898. Previous to that engagement he was first trumpet in the grand opera performances at liavana, Cuba. He was also first and sole trumpet in the Pittsburgh Festival Orchestra. He is an instructor in the trumpet and cornet. otto Kegel 170 MUSICAL PITTSBURGH Charles N. Boyd was graduated from the University of Pittsburgh, in 1894, and immediately entered upon a musical career. He was busines manager of the Mozart Club for ten years, and since 1903, has been instructor in sacred music at the Western Theological Seminary. Also, he has been organist at the North Avenue Methodist Epis- copal church for the past fourteen years, and there directs a chorus choir and a large Sunday School orchestra. He is conductor of the Cecelia Choir, organized for the study of ancient and modern music. For two seasons he was music critic of the Gazette-Times and devotes much time to writing on musical subjects. Mr. Boyd is a member of the Music Committee of the Sesqui-Centennial. Charles N. Boyd Since 1884 William M. Stevenson has been an instructor of singing and piano in this city. He has held prominent positions as organist and director and many successful singers received their instruc- tion under him. He is now an organist and director of music at the Sharpsburg Presbyterian church. Mr. Stevenson was a student at Buck, in Boston, and Graham, in London. His studio is at 204 Sixth street, opposite the Hotel Anderson. William M. Stevenson E. G. Rothleder studied the violin with Emile Sauret and August Wilhemj, and the piano with Arthur Fried- ham, who is said to have been I^iszt's most talented pupil. For a number of years Mr. Rothleder was first violinist in the Pittsburgh Orchestra. He was former- ly a member of the faculty of the Pittsburgh Female Conservatory of Music, later being the head of the music department of the Greensburg Seminary. He is now in charge of the music department of the iKskimin- etas College, Saltsburg, Pa. His studio is in the Nixon Buildinsr. F. G. Rothleder Edward J. Napier was born in England, in 1874, and for several years was a resident pupil with Frederic Archer, whom he succeeded at St. James Roman Cath- olic church Chicago. H came to Pittsburgh, in 1899, and was for two years assistant to Mr. Archer at the Church of the Ascension, and seven years as organist and choir- master of that church. He has played upwards of forty recitals at Carnegie Hall, and was for five years vocal and organ instructor at the Pennsylvania College for Women. He gave an entire week of organ recitals at the Jam.estown Exposition. His address is at No. 550 Neville street. Edward J. Napier MUSICAL PITTSBURGH 171 A descendant of an old line of musicians, Eugene Feuchtinger has long been a voice teacher and pianist m this citv His grandfather was court music director to the Duke of Waldeck and his father held a life commission as chorister and organist from "the King of Wurteinl>ei;g. Mancini, the best known pupil of Porpora. was the earh- est teacher of the family. His training was received under his cousin, Ferdinand Langer, court director of the opera in Mannheim, Lamperti in Dresden, Shakespeare, m Lon- don, and John Howard, in New York. He devoted years to original research, and has written two books deahng with voice and technic, one of which is now m the publish- ers hands. Mr. Feuchtinger was for five years with J^eth- Eugene Feuchtinger ^ Collco-e six ycars with Hiram College, three years with Cumberland University, and is identified with '^f^f'^f'^^fj'' ^"^ York and Washington. His studio is at .5180 Cypress Street, East End. Norman Hassler received his education in the rudiments of music at Mt. Union College, later studying vocal culture with S. C. Bennett of New York City. He join- ed the Schumann Quartet Concert Com- pany, singing with this organization for six years, appearing in all the cities and larger towns in the United States and Canada. Mr. Hassler left this company to become director of music at the State University at Bloomington, Indiana, which position he held for three years, coming to Pittsburgh as soloist at the Fouth Avenue Baptist church. H:e was there six months and left _ to become director of a large chorus choir at the Emory Methodist Epi^^^^^^^^^^ church, remaining in that position two years. Miss Pearl Sleeth, the organist at that church later became Mrs. Hassler. Mr. and Mrs. Hassler then went to the Lincoln Avenue Methodist church for one year, and from there to the Fourth Avenue Baptist church for four years, where Mr^ Hassler_ is soloist. Mrs Hasskr is sop'rano and choir leader at the Knoxville Presbyterian churcl. She is an organ pupil of Professor Broadberry, a piano pupil of Wdham Oett mg and a vocal pupil of Mr. Hassler and the Topping-Browns, of New York. Mr. 'and MrT HasLr have studied repertoire with James Stephen Martm under whose direction they have made a specialty of d^jet _ singing. Mrs. Ha sler was last season the accompanist of the Tuesday Musical Club Mr. Hassler h^^ made a soecial study of the oratorios of "Armemus, and Elijah Mr. and Mrs Hass^r'S teach Jrs in the Liefeld School of Music, 117 West Ohio street North Side, Pittsburgh. Miss Geraldine Damon, contralto and teacher of singing was born in Boston and studied there five years under Mrs. J. H. Long; seven years with F. E. Bur- ?Ss one year in Paris under Bertram and Koenig, and also m London under P?fndeTeer and Fred K. Walker. She sang for four years m the Union church, ^^rcefer, Masl^ three year:, in the Holy Trinity and Collegiate churches in New York and five years in the Christ Methodist Episcopal church, in_ Pitts- burgh She has appeared in concert and oratorio in the largest cities m this country and in Europe. Norman Hassler Mrs. Norman Hassler Sixth U. P. Church Choir Charles A. Graninger Miss Ruth Hay Charles Albert Graninger, a recent ;id(]ttion to the musical life of Pittsburgh, has been called to the posi- tion of organist and choir-master at the Sixth United Presbyterian church. He was for a long time a musical leader in Cincinnati, having held a professorship in the Cincinnati College of Music. He was also organ- ist and musical director of the Second Presbyterian church there, and has been a pianist and teacher for seventeen years. The Orpheus Club, of Cincinnati, attained a national reputation under the direction of Mr. Graninger. He also directed the Apollo Club (male chorus), the Roosevelt Club, of Minneapolis, the Polyphonic Club (mixed chorus), of Covington, Ky., the Arion Club, of Columbus, O., and the Men- delssohn Club, of Cincinnati. In a letter, Charles P. Taft, brother of William H. Taft, expresses his appre- ciation of Mr. Graninger as an organist and choir- master. Miss Ruth Hay, daughter of Major Samuel W. Hay, studied in Boston and Pittsburgh, and is a member of the Tuesday Musical Club. She succeeded Miss Hen- rietta Keil as soprano soloist at the Church of the Ascen- sion four years ago. Miss Hay has been a soloist with the Apollo Club and Mendelssohn Trio, and has sung in "Mid-Summer Night's Dream" with the Pittsburgh Or- chestra at Carnegie Hall. Miss Hay does not teach. Another member of the Sixth United Presbyterian Choir is Miss Jean Lang, who was en- gaged as solo contralto six years ago. She has appeared in con- certs and oratorios, and her recital repertoire includes French, Italian, German and English songs. Her studio is at 2017 Forbes street, where she teaches voice culture and the art of singing. The tenor of this choir is Walter Coleman Earnest. He was born in Louisville, Ky., and received his musical training in Cincinnati. He first sang in the Christ Ca- thedral, Louisville, and Christ church, Cincinnati, as soloist. Coming to Pittsburgh he has sung at St. Andrew's Protestant Episcopal and Grant Street Lutheran churches, and then going to the Sixth United Presbyterian church. He has appeared with the Pittsburgh Festival Orchestra, and was with Schumann-Heink and Campanari at the May Festi- val, at Atlanta, Ga. Studio is at 509 Empire Bldg. Walter C. Earnest Louis H. Kennedy, also connected with the choir has traveled extensivelv through the middle West and South m concert tours, and has sung with such men as Evan Williams. He was born in Pittsburgh, in 1882. He has been winner in several Eisteddfodds. His address is 5621 Hays street, East End. Louis H. Kennedy Miss Jean Lang- MUSICAL PITTSBURGH 173 W. K. Steiner W. K. Steiner, organist, was born in Allegheny, June 9, 1874. His first position as organist was with the Grace Reformed church, Pittsburgh, later serving at the Trinity Lutheran and the North Avenue Methodist Episcopal churches, in Allegheny. He studied piano and theory in Dresden under Heinrich Gerner until 1899. Returning to Pittsburgh he was organist at the Calvary IViethodist Episcopal church, until May, 1904, when he assumed his present position with the Rodeph Shalom Congregation. He gave fifty recitals at Carnegie Music Hall, Pittsburgh, and was the only organist from this part of the state to play at the St. Louis and Buffalo Expositions. He is local examiner for and member of the executive com- mittee of the Guild of Organists, of New York. He de- signed the new organ in the Rodeph Shalom, which' is con- sidered the finest instrument in America. He is also a concert pianist and com- poser. One of the leading contraltos of the city is Edith Harris-Scott, who is "Welsh by birth, American by edu- cation, and Pittsburgher by choice." She has been in many out-of-town concerts and Chautauquas, and has ap- peared with Evan Williams and G. Miles. She also gives readings and has won distinction with the mono- logue "Caleb West." She is contralto at the Bellefield Presbyterian church, and is under the managment of John C. Dickson. Edith Harris-Scott Ralph Butler Savage has been living in Pittsburgh for three years, during which time he has been actively engaged as a teacher. He is an Easterner, having lived in Massachusetts almost all his life. His preliminary studies were pur- sued in Boston and Paris under American, French and Italian teachers. Mr. Savage num- bers among his pupils many choir and concert singers. His studois are located in the Wallace building. East End. Ralph Butler Savage George J. Morgen, pianist, organist and teacher, was born in Cleveland, but received his early musical ed- ucation in this city, studying for three years with the director of the Pittsburgh Conservatory of Music. He as just returned from three years' study in Berlin, with Jose Vianna da Motta, the Portuguese pianist, and Pro- fessor Egidi, organist and instructor, in the Royal Con- servatory, in Berlin. His address is 5511 Claybourne street. George J. Morgen 174 MUSICAL PITTSBURGH Mrs. Emma Porter Makiiison came to Pitts- burgh in 1896, to fill the poistion of soprano soloist in the choir of the Third Presbyterian church. Dur- ing her residence in Chicago, prior to coming to Pittsburgh, she was soloist in Dr. Thomas' church, (McVicker's Theater), and in Dr. Hirsch's Tem- ple. Mrs. Makinson has had wide experience in concert work as well, and has sung with many of the principal organizations of the country, among them the Theodore Thomas Orchestra. Mrs. Mak- inson is also well-known as a teacher, besides taking active part in the management of the Tuesday Musical Club, in which organization she has served for years in an official capacity. Mrs. Makinson is soloist in the First Unitarian church, where she has been for a number of years. Mrs. Emma Porter Mackinson Born in Wales, Edward Vaughan came to this country fifteen years ago. Pie had won his honors as a tenor in a national eisteddfodd held in London. Settling in Pittsburgh, he was for ;-^ix years at the East Liberty Presbyterian church and two years at Christ Methodist Episcopal church. He is now tenor at the Shadyside Presbyterian church. Mr. Vaughan has had much experience in cantatas and oratorios, and his repertoire includes cycles and songs. In his training, Mr. Vaughan spent three years in Itaty. Edward Vaughan Richard Knotts began the teaching of singing in the fall of 1900, his studio being at 502 Penn avenue. Many of his former pupils are filling positions in the church choirs of the city. Mr. Knotts has done solo work in many of the large cities of the United States, and was for a number of years bass at the North Presbyterian church. North Side. Henry Kloman Schmidt Richard Knotts A native Pittsburgher, Henry Kloman Schmidt received the greater part of his musical education abroad, having spent a year at the Leipsig Conserva- tory and six years at Munich and Berlin. For three years he was assistant to Martin Krause. Mr. Schmidt has devoted himself particularly to teaching, although not to the exclusion of his pianistic development. His studio is at 204 North Negley avenue. c*^ ^^^:'J^\r.. W^gi^^ *^..*^, 55 ^ lift hum' *■ *^^^ «- ^^tf. ^^^ ' m^ '■^/ 176 MUSICAL PITTSBURGH Charles Heinrolh, the city organist at Carnegie Institute, became the organist and choir-master at the Church of the Ascen- sion, New York, in 1896, together with the position as teacher of organ harmony and counterpoint, at the National Conservatory in that city. In January, 1905, he took charge, additionally, of the music at Tem- ple Beth-El, Fifth avenue. New York. All three positions he resigned to come to Pittsburgh and take charge of the great organ at Carengie Institute. Charles Heinroth Dr. Chevalier G. Ferrata, who but recently iturned to Italy, was for a number of years :tively engaged in Pittsburgh and Beaver Col- ge as musical director and pianist. Plis compo- tions took first prize in each class in the Art ociety competition at Carnegie Hall last June, ast year his native country bestowed upon him le degree of Musical Doctor, as well as award- g him the Grand Prix for his opera. Dr. Chevalier G. Ferrata Luigi Von Kunits received his education, both musical and collegiate, in Vienna, where he was graduated from the University and the law school. He studied violin with Johann Krai, J. M. Gruen and Otakar Sevcik; theory with Dr. xA.nton Bruckner; musical composition with Franz Jaksch, and musical history with Dr. Eduard Hanslick the famous critic. He was the leader of the String Quar- tet of the Tonkuenstler Verein, when Jo- hannes Brahms was its president. He was also director of the Eadies' Choral Society of Vienna. Pie came to the United States as as- sistant conductor and concert-meister of the Austrian Orchestra at the World's Fair. In the autumn of 1896 he was engaged as con- cert-meister of the Pittsburgh Orchestra, which position he held for eleven years. Luigi Von Kunits Simultaneously he was director of the singing department and taught classes in counterpoint and composition at the Pittsburgh Conservatory of Music. He is now at the head of his own school of music and MUSICAL PITTSBURGH 177 art in South Highland avenue where pupils in all departments have the advantage of special free recitals and lectures. He is well known as a virutuosi on the violin, is a capable drill-master, and has done much for Pittsburgh with his annual series of chamber concerts. Robert A. Alorrow was born in New Cumberland, W. Va., and atlhough he first took up the violin, he de- voted himself more exclusively to the piano. He became a student at the College of Music at Cincinnati, and won the Springer Gold Medal from a class of more than seven hundred. On graduating, he became director of the music department of Otterbein University, Wester- ville, O. Pie then became teacher of the piano in the Duquesne Conservatory of Music, later taking charge of the musical department. He studied with W. H. Sher- wood, continuing his studies under Heinrich Earth, in Berlin. Returning to Pittsburgh he established himself as a teacher of the piano. He was the first to introduce the Virgil-Clavier method in this city. His studio is at 4502 Fifth avenue. Robert A. Morrow The Wagner Quintet Club is composed of vocal and instrumental performers. The club accepts no professional engagements, but has, during the past season, given sev- eral private musicales for some worthy cause. Caspar P. Koch Wagner Quintet Club For four and a half years Caspar P. Koch has been city organist of Allegheny, now, more properly, Pittsburgh, North Side. Mr. Koch has the distinction of playing in the first Carnegie Hall ever built, and on the first grand organ ever given to the public by Andrew Carnegie. The first city organ- ist for the North Side was Leonard P. Wales, who served only six months. Then came H. P. Ecker, whose tenure of office was fourteen years. Mr. Koch then obtained the appointment. In the North Side Car- negie Hall free organ recitals for the public are given each week. On October 1, Mr. Koch is giving an evening witli Pittsburgh composers in honor of the Sesqui-Centen- nial. More than 1800 organ recitals have been given in this hall. 178 MUSICAL PITTSBURGH Henrietta Bowlin was born in Wheeling W. Va., and after a long training sang at the Friendship Avenue Presbyterian church. She has appeared before the Tuesday Musical Club many times and at recitals under the direction of DeFerrata. She is now contralto soloist at the Shadyside Presbyterian church. She lives at 326 Melwood street. Henrietta Bowlin John R. Roberts, baritone, for a number of years has participated in many high class concerts in Western Pennsylvania and Eastern Ohio. He has sung roles in a number of standard oratorios, but is best known through his interpretation of old English and American ballads and the folk songs of Germany. For several years Air. Roberts has held the position of solo baritone in the choir of the Thir Presbyterian church. His address is Buck- ingham Apartments, Craft avenue. John R. Roberls Emma Johanna Baumann A well-known lyric soprano is Miss Emma Johanna Baumann. She was born in New Castle, Pa., and made her first public appearance at the age of six. She began her musical studies very eary in the New England Con- servatory of Music, under the supervision of Signor Augusto Rotali, at the same time singing under the direc- tion of George Chadwick. She has held positions with the Calvary Methodist Episcopal church, the Highland Presbyterian church, the North Presbyterian church, and for the past three years has been at the Shadyside Pres- byterian church. Miss Baumann has done a great deal of concert and oratorio work, and has played the leading roles in the operas "Brian Boro" and "Robin Hood." She is connected with the Brockway Lyceum Bureau. John Colville Dickson, as a school teacher in Cincinnati, studied singing at night for five years. He taught sight- reading classes, being a disciple of Tali Easen Morgan. He then entered the Cincinnati College of Music, taking up voice, theory and conducting, finishing in the spring of 1902. During his student days, in Cincinnati, he was a member of the Odean Stock Company, playing the romantic roles in "Cricket on the Hearth," "The Doll's House," "As You Like It," "The Romancers," "The Rivals," and a "Night Ofif." He created the role of Lord Bunstock in a comedy, "Belles and Beaux," written for him by Dolores Chase. He has since studied with H. Howard Brown, of New York, one of Jean Reszke's assistants. His studio is at 431 Atwood street. John C. Dickson MUSICAL PITTSBURGH 179 In line of descent from one of the oldest settlers of Pittsburgh, J. Vick O'Brien is completing his musical studies in Germany. lie was born in this city and was formerly the leader of Vick's Orchestra and director of the Holy Rosary Church choir, Home- wood. He became interested in composition and for the past five years has been in Berlin under the tuition of Professor Engelbert Humperdinck. In that city he is also completing his American opera, "Ye Olde Vir- J. Vick O'Brien D. Stanley Harris, basso, was born in Mon- mouthshire, Wales, and began musical work as alto soloist in the Trinity Protestant Episcopal church, in 1886. He has been soloist in the East Liberty Presbyterian church, Eirst Methodist Protestant church, St. Andrews Protestant Episcopal church, and Holy Rosary Roman Catholic church. He is now soloist at the Second Presbyterian church, and is president of the Pittsburgh Male Chorus. D. Stanley Harris Erank Milton Hunter, tenor, a native of Pitts- burgh, went to Elorence, Italy, and for three years studied under the celebrated Vannini. Eor twelve years he studied in London with those admitted masters of voice culture, Cave, Alberto Randegger, Hon. R. A. M. ; William Shakespeare, R. A. M. ; Albert Fox, A. R. A. M., and Angelo Mascheroni. Mr. Hunter has appeared in concert and oratorio, at Crystal Palace, Steinway Hall, St. George's Hall, St. James' Hall and Victoria Hall, London, and in most of the principal cities and towns in Great Britain and Ireland. During the past eight years Mr. Hunter has been engaged in giving instructions in voice production and the art of singing. His studio is at 1244 Fifth avenue. Frank Milton Hunter Charles Wakefield Cadman, organist and composer, was born in Johnstown, Pa., in 1881, and has been a resident of Pittsburgh for eighteen years. He has written and pub- Hshed sixty-four songs, fifty piano pieces and five organ compositions. Among his unpublished works are two trios, one large choral work, two comic operas, a song cycle and an American Indian suite for voice and piano. He is the Pittsburgh correspondent for the New York Musical Courier and a contributor to other leading musical journals of the country. He is organist at the East Liberty Presby- terian church. He lives at 1124 Ross avenue, Wilkinsburg. Chas. W. Cadman 180 MUSICAL PITTSBURGH Otto Merz, a native of Allegheny, is well known as a band and orchestra performer. As a boy he studied piano, harmony and counterpoint. His knowledge of orchestral instruments has en- abled him to make a specialty for years of arrang- ing music for all combinations. His studio is in the Emich Apartments, 204 East North avenue. North Side. otto Merz Howard J. White was born in Providence, R. I., but for six years has been a resident of Pitts- burgh. He has sung in the East Liberty, North and Shadyside Presbyterian churches, and in the synagogue of the Congregation Rodeph Shalom. He had a part in the "Pirates of Penzance," and is a member of the University Glee Club. The More- wood Apartments, Center avnue, is his residence. Howard J. White He was organizer and director of the Albert D. Liefeld, born in Wisconsin and edu- cated there and in Ohio for parochial school teacher, organist and choir-master. He came to Allegheny in 1887, and for a time was organist and choir-master at St. Paul's Evangelical Lutheran church. He is now at the First German Evangelical Protestant church in East Ohio street. North Side, in the same capacity. Haydn Mandolin Club, and organized and is director of the Liefeld Orchestra. Mr. Liefeld taught for a number of years in the East Liberty Y. M. C. A. and Shadyside Academy clubs. For several years he has had charge of the vocal and instrumental music at the Allegheny High School. He has appeared with Opie Read, Cap- tain Richmond Hobson, Captain Jack Crawford, Fred Emerson Brooks and other notables, and several of his compositions have been played by Victor Herbert (with the old Gilmore Band), Sousa, Creatore, Mendelssohn Trio, and the Pitts- burgh Festival Orchestra. He also wrote the Oriental music for the "Irish Arab," set to music six poems by Captain Jack Crawford, composed a choral which has been incorporated in the new English hymnal of the Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Ohio and other vStates, besides many songs and piano works. He is now instructor of the String Instrument Club at the Pennsylvania College for Women, a member of the Prize Singers' Male Quartet, and instructor of piano, mandolin, guitar and banjo. He wrote the music for the song, "Here's to Old iPttsburgh," which is being played by bands and orchestras and sung in honor of the Sesqui-Centennial. His residence studio is at 318 Amber street, East End. 'Phone, Highland, 3740-J Albert D. Liefeld rXE IIEFELD ORnHF-.STRA! MUSICAL PITTSBURGH 181 Hppi %. ■X ■■• 1 ^HHI* ^' gl I f^T"^ " Ht^. i Miss LucUle Miller One of Pittsburgh's youngest singers in Miss Lucille Miller, solo soprano at the Point Breeze Presbyterian church. She is a pupil of E. Ells- worth Giles, and has appeared lately on several important programs with the Pittsburgh Festival Orchestra. Her residence is at 4901 Friendship avenue. Miss Ida Bernice Cole, so- prano, was born in Ports- mouth, O., and was a student under B. W. Foley and Miss Helen Hinkle of Cincinnati. She sang- with the Apollo Club, in Cincinnati, and played the viola in the Ladies' Cremona Stringed Orchestra, of that city. She was so- prano at the Plum Street Temple, Cincinnati, and soloist at the First Presbyterian church, Covington, Ky., and Christ Protestant Episcopal church, Cincinnati. She teaches voice culture at 155 North Craig street. For years a leading soprano in Indiana, Mrs. Charles Farrow Kimball, is now a resident of Pitts- burgh. In Indianapolis, she sang in the Tabernacle Presbyterian church and the Jewish Synagague, which congregations demand an exceptionally high standard. Church singing, however, has only been a part of her musical activity, as she appeared with the Maennerchor and Symphony Society, of Indian- apolis. She received her training with Franz Bellinger, of New York. On coming to this city, Mrs. Kimball joined the choir of the Third Presby- terian church as soloist. She is an experienced singer in oratorio work, her rendition of the so- prano role in the "Messiah" being especially a mat- ter of comment. Her address is 5723 Fifth avenue. Bell 'phone, Highland 9121. Ida Bernice Cole Mrs. Chas. F. Kimball Muehlen. Miss Amanda Vier- heller was born in Pitts- burg, studied under the best local teachers and was well known as a church and concert singer before going abroad for further study under European masters. In Germany she filled important concert and opera engagements. Her last year abroad was spent in London, where she had the privilege of study- ing with and being assistant to Herr Raimund von Zur- Since her return to Pittsburgh she has done important work in con- Miss Amanda Vierheller Miss Julia Gibonsky 182 MUSICAL PITTSBURGH certs. She is now teaching, her studio being at 31 Jackson building. Miss Julia Gibonsky, who was born in Pittsburgh, has likewise studied under local teachers, who, recognizing her talents as a pianist, advised her to go to Ber- lin for further study. She spent two years with Professor Jedliczka, at the Stern Conservatory, and three years as a pupil of and assistant to Teresa Carreno. Since her return she has appeared before the Art Society. She is pianist of the Rubenstein Trio and is devoting much time to teaching in the studio she shares with Miss Vierheller, 31 Jackson building, Sixth street and Penn avenue. William H. Getting William H. Getting first studied under his father, Edward Getting, who was from 1866 to 1886 organist and choir-master of the German Evangelical Protest- ant church. Sixth avenue and Smithfield street. He was organist of the Wilkinsburg Presbyterian church at the age of seventeen. In Europe he studied the piano with Plucheson; composition with Boice; organ with Dr. Reiman and Professor Egidi, in Berlin. Gn returning to this city he became organist of the Wil- kinsburgh Presbyterian church, later going to the Point Breeze Presbyterian church. Since May he has been organist and musical director at the Shadyside Presbyterian church. Mr. Getting has been frequently invited to play at Carnegie Institute recitals and has done considerable work in opening new organs in this vicinity, besides being actively engaged in teaching at his studio in the Wallace building, East End. Alonzo H. Brockett is a familiar figure to music lovers, being a member of the executive committee of the Mozart Club, and manager of concerts and lectures. Pie was for many years ticket treasurer of the Pittsburgh Grchestra and formerly a baritone in the North Avenue Meth- odist Episcopal church. North Side, St. An- drew's and St. Peter's Protestant Episcopal and the Shadyside Presbyterian churches, and director of the choir at the Church of the Ascen- sion. Alonzo H. Brockett Charles Price Mustin, organist of the First Church of Christ, Scientist, was born December 26, 1877. He is accompanist of the Mendelssohn Male Choir, and was an organ soloist at the Jamestown Exposition during the week of June 17, 1907. The organ of the Christian Science church consists of four manuals, pedal, echo-or- gan and chimes, containing fifty-three speaking and sixty- five mechanical stops. It was pronounced by E. H. Le- mare to be the finest orchestral organ in the country. Chas. P. Mustin MUSICAL PITTSBURGH 183 Morris Stephens Morris Stephens was born in South Wales. As a boy soprano he never lost a prize at the Eisteddfodds. He came to Pittsburgh in 1882, later returning to London for special study with Randegger and Shakespeare. He was a student under Mehan in New York; Root, in Chicago, and others. He began teaching in this city in 1891. Mr. Stephens has sung tenor roles in or- atorios for the Mozart Club, and also several choruses in South Wales. He was the director of the Cambrian Glee Club of Pittsburgh, and the Schubert Male Chorus. As tenor soloist and director he has been connected with the Third Presbyterian church and St. Peter's Protestant Episcopal church. He is now in charge of the music at the Sixth Presbyterian church. He is also first tenor and director of the Tancred Male Quartet, and is a teacher in the art of singing. His studio is in the Bissell Block. The well-known Pittsburgh contralto, Miss Christine Miller, has filled more important out-of- town engagements than any of the city's singers. She has been a soloist before the Art Society of Pittsburgh, with the Pittsburgh Orchestra under Victor Plerbert, and Emile Paur. Last season she was soloist with David Bispham in the "Vicar of Wakefield." She sang with the Harmonic Club at Cleveland; the Apollo Club, at Chicago; the Ober- lin Musical Union, and the Thomas Orchestra, at Cleveland; the Philharmonic, at Minneapolis, and the Mozart Club, in Pittsburgh, besides thirty-one other engagements. She has also been heard in the "Dream of Gerontius" and Beethovens "Ninth Symphony." She is to sing the Bach B Minor Mass with the Chicago Apollo Club, this be- ing her third consecutive appearance with this or- organization, and will shortly fill a week from St. Paul to Winnipeg. She was for six years soloist at the Bellefield Presbyterian church, and for the last six years has been acting in the same capacity at the Third Presbyterian church. Her business address is the Pittsburgh Academy. Miss Christine Miller After the death of Professor Simeon Bissell, the head of the Curry Conservatory of Music, Miss Marie Spragae, who was his first assistant for many years, and who, during his long illness, successfully took charge of his classes, decided to open the Bissell Con- servatory, Inc., with assistants in the different branches. Miss Sprague was for five years soprano in St. Peter's Protestant Episcopal church. The Bis- sell Conservatory is in the Bissell Block, Seventh ave- nue and Smithfield street. Miss Marie Sprague 184 MUSICAL PITTSBURGH Leo Oehmler, teacher of piano and violin, and well known as a composer and writer on musical subjects, was born in Pitts- burgh, in 1867. He began the study of music and painting at the age of seven, and in 1885, entered the Royal Conservatory at Sondershausen, Germany. After his graduation there, he matriculated at the Stern Conservatory, at Berlin, where he re- mained two years, studying violin under Emile Sauret; piano 'under Radecke and Bussler. P'elix Meyer, court violinist to the German Emperor, was his instructor for a year. It is chiefly as a composer and teacher that Mr. Oehmler is known. Very nearly two hundred compositions have come from his pen. His ability to inspire others with enthusiasm was descussed in a lengthy review of his work by "Music and Musicians. His studio is at 237 Fourth avenue. Leo Oehmler Herman Mueller was born in the Rhine coun- try, Germany, in 1872, and received his first in- struction on the violin from his father, who was a burgomaster and cappellmeister. At the age of sixteen he attended a military academy in Berlin, and later the Royal Conservatory of Music in Leijpsic. Pie became a member of the Hans von Buelow Orchestra, in Hamburg, with which he came to the World's Fair, in Chicago, in 1893. Since then he has been a member of orchestras un- der Thodore Thomas, Walter Damrosch, Victor Herbert and Emil Paur. This is his ninth season with the Pittsburgh Orchestra, playing violin, viola and basson. He is teaching in the Eiefeld School of Music, in the Mutual building. North Side. Herman Mueller J. M. Henricks T. M. Henricks, the well-known piano dealer, is now located at 723 and 725 Liberty avenue, second floor, where he is operating one of the most successful music stores in the ctiy. He has been in the business for 16 years, four of which he spent in the lead- ing New York piano factories, learning piano construction in all its branches. His is the only successful piano wareroom in the city, on the second floor, and because of that fact he is enabled to offer pianos of high grade at moderate prices, inasmuch as he pays low rent and small expense. Mr. Henricks start- ed in his present business about a year ago and has made a phenomenal success of it. Prior to that time he was a partner and gen- eral manager of the Henricks Piano Com- pany, Limited. Pie makes a specialty of the Packard piano, as a leader, and also carries the Poole, R. S. Howard, Clarendon, and A. J. King, always having from 30 to 35 instru- mets in stock. MUSICAL PITTSBURGH 185 Long associated in a business and artistic way with the development of music m Pitts- buro-h is the Bechtel Music House, of which Volkwein Brothers are the proprietors Music lovers have long been fami har with the store at 516 Smithfield street. This house was founded more than thirty years ago by b. Bechtel well known in his day as a musician. This was at a time when Pittsburgh was just bec^inning to wake up to the necessity of cul- tiv'kting the fine arts, and this music house has kept step with the rapid growth m the ad- vancement of music. J. C. and R. G. Volk- wein succeeded to the management of the hrm, and through their efforts even greater prog- ress has been made. The celebrated Miller piano has won thousands of friends for the house The purity of tone of this matchless instrument appeals at once to the artist, and for this reason the Miller piano is a familiar sight on the concert stage This m- trument is also to be found in the homes of the discrimmatng music lover, wm- Ig thro ig^^^^^^^^^ merit a pre-eminence in the Greater Pittsburgh district. This hou'se is the headquarters for York & Sons' and Besson & Company s band in- struments besides carrying a full ilne of phonographs and supphes. Artistic epaTr w ;^^^^^^^^^ instruments is also a feature, while mail orders are no smal part of the ever-growing business. The Volkweins are musicians and are m a position to fully appreciate the needs of students and performers. Bell phone, 2530 Grant. Pennsylvania College for Women No educational institution in this district occupies a higher position than the Pennsylvania College for Women. This is a college of wh.ch Pittsburgh .s justly proud embodying as it does the best traditions of the city and m fact. Western PennsWania Its graduates are in every part of the Un.ted States The col- fege provides an abfe faculty, good courses, careful physical and soca trammg, and ^ nerally the advantages which can be secured only m a woman s college. Is an ad unct to this instirution is Dilworth Hall, a preparatory school for g.rls. HerTi provided a college preparatory course and a modern language course^ Sften, the difScult problem of where to send the young woman and girl ha no been ettled until the eleventh hour, when the semmanes and coUeges of the country are beginning their autumn terms. These two mst.tut.ons commend themselves to parents who wish to give their daughters every possible advantage vlTre their studies will be wisely directed aid where the.r student he wdl be wen rounded out. The finest type of American womanhood ,s the college idea . clZic^tlons should be addressed to Henry D. Lindsay, President, Pennsyl- vania College for Women, Woodlawn Road. Pittsburgh, Pa. 186 MUSICAL PITTSBURGH The Ivers & Pond, Boston, represents the highest type of piano construction, and in tone, action and case work is unex- :elled. For these points of merit and their phenomenal durability most of the leading musical schools use Ivers & Pond pianos, and in what is probably the largest musi- cal institute in the world, the New Eng- land Conservatory of Boston, over 300 Ivers & Pond pianos are in use, and over 4-3,000 are used throughout the world. No list of leading pianos would be com- plete without the name of Decker & Son, of New York, founded in 1856 by the late Myron A. Decker, and continued by his son, Frank C. Decker, who recently has added his son to the Decker forces, thus showing three generations of Deck- ers in the development of the famous Decker tone, a purely musical tone, so much admired by the world's prominent musicians. Over 26,000 of these pianos are in use. In 1875 William Schaefifer pro- duced his first upright piano scale, and so successfully developed his pi- ano that in 1878,, at the World's Fair, Paris, he received a diploma of honor for its tone and general ex- cellence of construction. His piano has been improved continually and is made in a large factory near Chicago, 111., and is popularly known as "the Best in the West." Over 40,000 have been made. QJ PIANOS The Schubert Pianos, which the Hen- ricks Company also handle are of unques- tioned merit and over 37,000 have been made. The Henricks Piano Company, Ltd., carry one of the largest and most varied stocks in the city in Grand, Upright and Player Pianos in various designs, such as Louis XIV, XV, XVI, Floren- tine, Mission, etc., or special designs are obtainable, made up in all the fine woods including all the different veneers and shades of coloring in mahogany, walnut, oak, etc. To those interested a visit to the Henricks Piano Company, Ltd., will be amply repaid. MUSICAL PITTSBURGH 187 John R. Henricks Pittsburgh is noted for its numerous and magnificent musical instrument houses, the founding of many dating away back into the last century. Among the largest and oldest exclusively piano, player piano and organ house is that of Henricks Piano Company, Lytd., 611 Smithfield street, whose founder, John R. Henricks, has been in the piano and organ business over 35 years, and the many thousand "Henricks" pianos and organs used in the homes and public places testify to the popularity and reliability of this old house. Besides their own piano the house rep- resents leading makes, such as the Ivers & Pond, Decker & Son, Schaeffer, Schubert, Steiner, etc., and carry a large stock in their warerooms at 611 Smithfield street. Credit is due Albert D. Liefield, the musician, for compiling the musical data for this Souvenir, Entrance to Highland Park l«8 MUSICAL PITTSBURGH HERES "Marcti — Sctfigii Sesqui Centennial Celebration i908 Words ByH Brownfield Scott Mxisic bif Albert D Liefeld HonG oi^cWuulhrie 1' >raij 1 01 Pirtsbji ^h. Breathing the spirit of the city triumphant a Sesqui- Centennial song, "Here's to Old Pittsburgh" makes its ap- pearance and tells in swing- ing verse and infectious mu- sic, of the" love and loyalty that promolcd this great cele- bration. It is a Pittsburgh song by Pittsburghers, and for Pittsburghers, and promises to live long after the celebration of the civic birthday has passed into mem- ory. As a general thing, songs written to iit occasions are dreary counterfeits of inspir- ation. These always lack "the tang of the soil," bear evidence of eleventh hour hack work, and a most patent effort to force an enthusiam which is not felt. In "Here's to Old Pittsburgh" there is a gen- unineness, aside from the mer- it of its verse and melody, that brings the hearer to his feet. It is a home song, composed jointly by a newspaper man and a musician. The words were wirtten by H. Brownfield Scott, of the Pittsburgh News Agency, who knows this city like a book. The music is by Albert D. Liefeld, conductor of the Liefeld Orchestra. This combination of author- ship has proved a most happy one, as the first public playing of the piece evidenced. Dur- ing his engagement at the Exposition, Sousa had his band play the music of the production. It was received with unstinted enthusiasm. The song is dedicated to the Honorable George W. Guthrie, the first mayor of Greater Pittsburgh, and has received the hearty approval of the Committee on Music of the General Committee of the Sesqui Centennial. The music has been aranged for bands and orchestras. The cover design a facs'mile of which is shown here, is emblematic of the spirit- which prompted the production, and alone is worth many times the price of the song. The chorus runs : , Pibl ohm 7 Co. lut jl C We I 01 Shi de Ptt bun.)- Pa n 1 "Here's to Old Pittsburgh! Glad are we to be Where forges ring And toilers sing In tuneful harmony. Here's to old Pittsburgh, the workshop of the world! Where skill and brawn Count for the man, And Worth's flag is unfurled. The song is published by the Song" Publishing Company, 117 Ohio St., West, North Side, Pitts- burgh, Pa. For sale at all music stores. Sent by mail, postpaid, on receipt of price, 25 cents. H. Brownfield Scott Albert D. Liefeld A A-cademy, The 92 A-llegheny City Hall 31 A-lleheny, Disasters in .... 32 Allegheny Butter Co 142 Allegheny Market Views ..141 Allegheny, History of 24 Allegheny Market Square . . 26 Andrews, Saml 51 Alvin Theatre 89 Archer, Harry G 168 Archer, F 159 Apollo Club 165 Au-Rone Ice Cream Co. ...129 B Baumann, Emma J 178 Bell, J. S 82 Bergmann, John 102 Bijou Theatre 89 Beuchler, Chas. & Wm. ...125 Bloedel, Herman R 103 Blaney's Empire Theatre . . 90 Bissell, Simeon 161 Buka, Jos 38 Brown, Chas 43 Brand, Wm 95 Braddock, Gen 7 Boquet, Col. Henry 7 Burke, W. J 98 Bridges 29 Boehme, Paul 154 Brockett, H B 163 Brockett, A. H 182 Bernthaler, Carl 169 Boyd. Chas. N 170 Bowlin, Henrietta 178 C Chamber of Commerce N. S. 37 Chamber of Commerce Pgh 33 Carnegie Institute 63 Carnegie Library, Ally 64 Colton,^ Chas. A 81 Churches 85 Councils 94 Court House, Ruins of .... 13 Cronmiler, G. P 107 Connolly, J. C 123 Cain, G. R 125 Crown Cordial Co 134 City Markets 140 Cuneo, J. C 142 Cornman, Mrs 143 Calhoon, S. E 145 Colville, S. S 154 Clark, Gertrude 166 Cadman, Chas. W 179 Cole, Ida B 18i D Dittmar, C. L 45 Dalzell, David O '.'..'. 50 Denny, Ebenezer 7 Davis, Major W. H 112 Delisi & Bros I43 Daeuble, Theo I49 Duss, John ! ! ! ! 165 Damon, Geraldine .... 'l71 Dickson, John C 178 Ellison, R. G 45 Electrical Bureau, Ally." ' ! ! 72 Einstein, Morris '. 95 Bicher, Julius I43 Evens, Wm '"l47 Earnest, W. C \',',\ 172 P Filtration Plant 68 Fire Alarm and Police tele- graph 71 Fort Wayne Station 28 Frederick, W. G 105 Haering, J. L 106 Financial Pittsburgh 109 Frederick, F. H 133 Foster, S. C 163 Foerster, A. M 157 Fitzpartrick T. J 164 Feuch linger, Eugene 171 Perrata, Dr 176 G Gerwig, G. "W 49 Gibonsky, J 182 Graninger, C. A 172 Gillespie, T. A 69 Goettmann, O. J 77 Grand Opera House 88 CONTENTS Gulick, R. M 90 Gayety Theatre 93 Guthrie, G. W 39 Gosser, G. W 113 Gibson, J. C 142 Great Western Band 151 Germania Orchestra 153 Gittings, J. H 161 Griffith, W. Y 167 Griffith, Mrs 167 Griffiths, Anne 168 H Henricks Piano Co. 188 Hoegel, Wm 103 Hilldorfer, J. P 146 Herbert, Victor 160 Hamilton, Saml 160 Hassler, Norman 171 Hay, Ruth 172 Hassler, Mrs. Norman ....171 Harris-Scott, Edith 173 Heinroth, Chas 176 Harris, D. Stanley 179 Hunter, P. M 179 Henricks, J. M 184 I Inn, Sauers 123 Inn, Wagener 124 J Johnson, T. C 44 lones & Laughlln 23 Tackson, R. H 130 lames, Enoch 142 K Knaur, C. S 13 4 Kreiling, H. & Sons 144 Kleber, Henry 149 Kirk, T. P. Sr., 152 KraufC, Adolph 150 Kohler, Franz 168 Kennedy, L. H 172 Knotts, Richard 174 Kimball, Mrs. C. P 181 Kennelly, E. J 44 Kirschler, C. F 40 Klein, J. P 101 Klaese, J. J. 142 Koch, C. P 177 Landis, H. M 33 Loomis, E. G 75 Lang, E. G 42 Loch, A 122 Leety, G. P 142 Linton & Grubbs 143 Lang, Jean 172 M Mellor, C. C 148 Miller, Christine 183 Mellor, J. H 148 McDonald, Mrs. J. S 155 McCollum, J. P 156 Mozart Club 156 Mustin, C. P 182 Miller, Lucille 181 Merz, Otto 180 Morrow, R. A 177 Makinson, Mrs. E. P 174 Morgen, Geo. J 173 Martin, J. S 165 Mayer, W. L ....102 Mueller, Herman 184 McQuaide, T. A 44 McGough, E. T 44 Morrow, John 56 Mead, M. W 76 Ma'jon, H. Lee 82 McKenna, C. P 83 McKee, Logan 34 Miller, J. S 100 Malie, D. A 107 McKelvey, Wm 108 Mohney, C. L 136 McPherson Printing- Co 137 Muehlbronner, C. A 143 Musical Pittsburgh ; 146 Nardina, T. A 143 NTevin, Ethelbert 158 Napier, E. J 170 Liefeld, A. D 180 O Oliver, D. B 48 Orr, J. M 99 O'Neill, John 135 Ockleston-Lippa, Madame ..162 O'Brien, J. V 179 189 Oetting, W. H 182 Oehmler, Leo 184 P Penna. Collge for Women 186 Pittsburgh, History of ... . 5 Pittsburgh, 1859 . . Fontispiece Pitt, Wm 7 Postal Service, Pittsburgh 111 Postal Service, Ally 113 Patterson Coal & Supply Co 116 Pinkerton, T. B 121 Pgh. Photo. Eng. Co 139 Pulpress, J. R 142 Pogue, J. Sons 143 Pope, J. William 150 Pittsburgh Male Chorus . . 165 Pgh. Festival Orchestra ..109 B Ringwalt Choir Union ....166 Reahard, W 167 Reahard, A 167 Rothleder, E. G 170 Roberts, J. R 178 Reizenstein, 1 37 RenverSj J. G 38 Railroads 77 Robinson, J. W 97 Railroad Riots 20 Rudolph, G. 1 100 Rlemenschneider, J. M 105 R. E. Savings & Trust Co. 110 Republic Mfg. Co 115 Ross. H. L 125 Rieck Co 127 Renvers & Co 129 Reed, W". A 137 Rovegno, T 143 Retter, Carl 157 Roberts, Mrs. A. V 168 S Smith, L. S 33 Siebert, E. E 43 Schools 66 Smith, W. L 58 ■Scandrett, R. B 60 Swan, Robert 69 Swan, John 41 3of£el, Jacob 101 Stewart, Chas 102-122 Schatzman, Peter 139 Sauers, J. A 104 Schatzman, E. P 108 Schuster. F. W. & Co 119 Smith, G. E 140 Stafford, C. H 142 Stevenson, W. M 170 Steiner, W. K 173 Savage, R. B 173 Schmidt, H K 174 Stephens, Morris 183 Sprague, Marie 183 T Theatres 87 Torrance, F. J 95 Toole, P. F 104 Toole, S. J 133 Tetedoux, Clement 150 Thomas, A. S 159 Tuesday Musical Club ....164 V V^ogel, Jos 158 Vaughn, E 174 Von Kunits, L 176 Vierheller, A 181 Volkwein Bros 186 W Water Supply, Pgh 67 West Pa. Humane Society . 81 Walters, A. G 81 Williams, Harry 92 Walter, E. R 94 McKee, Lof an 34 Wasson, J. C 106 Wilson, J. B 120 Ward, Saml 130 White, B 136 Wyland, W. J 142 Wyman, J. G 132 Webster, jean Wallace 1''6 Wilson, G. H 160 Wheat, Olive 167 White, H. J 180 Z Zimmer, John 142 Zitterbart, F 154 Zimmerman, Paul 155 190 PROGRAM OF EXERCISES In the Heart of Greater Pittsburgh's Shopping District: 327-333 5th Ave. CAMPBELL'S "THE. PEOPLE'S STORE"— ESTABLISHED IN 1871 Dry Goods, Clothing, Home Furnishings. Popular Goods at the LOWEST PRICES PROGRAMME Sunday, September 27 7 A. M. — Ringing" of all church bells throughout the city. 9 :30 A. M. — Special exercises by all Sabbath schools. 10:45 A. M. — Special services in various churches, attended by fraternal, military, educational, civic and other organizations. PHONE BELL, FISK 23 Trade Mark PHONE p. & A., 391 L J. F. Young Manufacturer of Roofing Material Portable and Pittsburgh Gravel Roofing Bull Dog Burlap Center Roofing 2 and 3 Ply Ready Roofing 34th STREET AND A. V. R. R., PITTSBURGH, PA. PROGRAM OF EXERCISES 191 2:30 P. M. — Union meeting at Nixon Theatre, attended by the Mayor and Cabinet, other city officials ; members of city councils and invited guests from abroad. Dr. S. B. McCormick, of the University of Pittsburgh, will preside. 4:30 P. M. — Open air services from Court House steps conducted by Rev. S. Edward Young. 7 :45 P. M. — Neighborhood services by congregations of churches in vari- ous localities in the city. Monday, September 28. 3 p M. — Exercises at Block House under the auspices of the Daughters of the American Revoution. Unveiling of Washington tablet. g p_ M. — Official reception by the Mayor and members of city councils at Duquesne Garden. First Class Accommodahons Schreiber Hotel HENRY SCHREIBER. Prop. Fine Imported and Domestic Wines, Liquors and Cigars Iroquois Beer a Specialty 109-111 West Ohio Street N. S. Pittsburgh, Pa. BELL PHONE CEDAR 9654 J P. & A. PHONE 181 A HOTEL WAYNE R. L. WHITESIDES, Prop. The Bar is ahoays stocked roith the finest Liquors, Wines, Cigars, Etc. East Lacock Street N. S. Pittsburgh, Pa. Phones— P. & A. 73 1 U; Bell 3670 Grant Say Boys! Smoke and Chew Locoes Cigar Scrap Sold Everywhere Manufactured by HARRY R. LOCKE, 1211 Carson St. Pittsburgh, Pa. Bell Phone 9543 Cedar P. & A. Phone 541 A E. Striepeke Hotel and Bar Regular Meals Served 620 EAST OHIO STREET ALLEGHENY. PA. Bell Phone 771 L Cedar Hotel Blattner JOSEPH BLATTNER, Prop. Cor. Allegheny Ave. and Rebecca St., N. S. Pittsburgh, Pa. Mr. Blaltner's Hotel is known as one of the oldest and best houses in Allegheny City. He has been in the same business and house for 23 years. Hii place was the home of the Pittsburgh Base Ball team for many years. He never was refused a license. Italian Dinners and Wines Our Specialty North Side Hotel A. MANGIERI, Proprietor 116-118 Federal St. North Side, Pittsburgh, Pa. 192 PROGRAM OF EXERCISES Tuesday, September 29 Sesqni-Centcnnial clay at the Pittsburgh Exposition. Special exhibition and program of music by Pittsburgh composers, including the works of Stephen C. Foster and others. Wednesday, September 30 10:30 A. M. — Magnificent Marine parade. To be formed on the Monon- gahela river, between the Point and Lock No. 1. Route direct to Davis Island dam, returning at 5 :30 P. M. Pageant to be led by Thomas W. Jacobs, full- blooded Indian, and great great grandson of "Cornplanter" the noted Indian chief who was with the French at Braddock's defeat. Jacobs will be surround- ed by 30 Indians in canoes, who have been brought from the "Cornplanter" reservation in Warren county, Pa. Phones— ]625 Grant; 492 Main M. E. GEER & CO., Brokers NEW YORK AND LOCAL STOCKS GRAIN AND PROVISIONS Members — Pittsburgh Stock Exchange; Chicago Board of Trade Farmers Bank Building, PITTSBURGH Bonded Whiskies Fine Cigars J. W. RUHLANDT Hot and Cold Lunches 832 Carson St. PITTSBURG, PA. PROGRAM OF EXERCISES 193 Following the Indians will come different rafts and boats, including a rep- resentation of the first steamboat, the "The New Orleans," the whole to con- stitute an immense fleet, showing the progress that has been made in naviga- tion from the early days to the present time. Captain James A. Henderson, admiral. Flagships — "Duquesne" and "Lowrey." Thursday, October 1 10:30 A. M. — "Greater Pittsburgh Day" parade over the following streets : Form at Federal and Ohio streets. North Side ; to Federal street, across Sixth street bridge, to Sixth street, to Liberty avenue, to Fifth avenue, to St. Pierre street, Oakland, where reviewing stand has been located, and where the parade will disband. Line will consist of commercial, manufacturing, transportation, educa- tional, labor, semi-military, military, and legislative divisions. Manufacturing Catering to the Wants of the People Has Made Us Successful Junker & Klages Men's Hatters and Furnishers 517 and 519 Federal St. Pittsburgh, N. S., Pa. Pennsylvania College for Women Provides an able faculty; good courses; careful physical and social training, and the advantages which can be secured only in a wonan's college. itltuortlj fall A Preparatory School for Girls College Preparatory Course Science Course Modern Language Course Henry D. Lindsay President Woodland Road Pittsburgh JOHN OMMERT ilprrliant Sailor Real Estate Savings and Trust Co. Building 516 Federal Street PITTSBURG. N. S., PA. Bell Phone 2475 J Cedar Chas.M.Malloy Graduate in Pharmacy Druggist & Apothecary) Cor. Grant Ave. and Rebecca St. North Side, Pittsburgh, Pa. Richard T. Pearson Oliver W. Fries Pearson & Fries Real Estate and Insurance Agents 209 Ohio St. W., N. S. Pittsburgh Bell and P. & A., 49 North 194 PROGRAM OF EXERCISES division consists of floats representing the various industries that have made Pittsburgh famous. The transportation division will consist of floats showing the development of transportation from the time of the founding of the city to the present day. Educational division will contain floats representing the de- velopment of learning from the time of the log cabin school house to the mod- ern university. Labor division consists of representatives of various labor or- ganizations in Greater Pittsburgh, together with eight floats showing the dif- ferent crafts. The semi-military division includes different uniformed and fraternal organizations ; the military division, which has the right of line, is composed of local companies of the National Guard and Battery B. The legis- lative division will include ten carriages containing representatives of the Su- preme court of the United States, the Supreme court of Pennsylvania, the Su- perior court, the courts of Allegheny county, members of the legislature, and Pittsburgh councils, all of which bodies contributed to the creation of a Great- er Pittsburgh. Chief Marshal, General S. M. B. Young, retired as lieutenant general of the United States Army and a native of Pittsburgh; Adjutant, Col. John P. Penney, to be accompanied by a staff. The guest of honor in the line P. & A. Phone 305 North Bell Phone 305 Cedar Allegheny Foundry Co. LIMITED Manufacturers of Seamless Sash Weights Cast Washers, Hitching Blocks and Lead Sash Weights Cor. Grant Ave. and Boquet St.. N. S.. PITTSBURG, PA. T. A. Smith & Company S^al Estate ilnauranr^ 408 Real Estate Savings & TrustBldg., 5 1 6 Federal St. N. S., PITTSBURG, PA. Established 1860 Henry Wheeler & Son Paints and Varnishes 119 Ohio Street, West Pittsburg. Pa., N. S. Both Phones Both Phones Established 1849 D. P. HOPKINS HARDWARE AND TOOLS Enameled and Copper Ware 8 1 2 Federal Street N. S., PITTSBURGH, PA. PROGRAM OF EXERCISES 195 of march will be Charles W. Fairbanks, Vice-President of the United States ; Governor Edwin S. Stuart and staff ; Adjutant General Thomas J. Stewart and other state officials ; General Horace Porter, of New York. Friday, October 2 A. M. — Laying of cornerstone of Soldiers' Memorial Hall in Oakland. Principal address by General Horace Porter. A. M. — Laying of cornerstone of University of Pittsburgh in Oakland. Principal addresses by Vice President Charles W. Fairbanks ; Governor Edwin S. Stuart, and State Treasurer John O. Sheats. P. M. — Balloon race. Saturday, October 3 Horse races and sports at Schenley park, music and other attractions. During the week there will be a special exhibit of Colonial relics and pic- tures at the Carnegie Institute. Anniversary Day will be celebrated Novem- ber 25 by a mass meeting at the Exposition building hall. Phones: P. & A. 152 North; Bell 1334 Cedar EDWARD G.LANG Fire Insurance, Real Estate and Mortgages Rents Collected COMPANIES REPRESENTED: North British & Mercantile Ins. Co. of London and Edinburgh; Phoenix Fire Insurance Co. of Hartford, Conn.; Firemens In- surance Co. of Newark, N. J.; Caledonian Insurance Co. of Scotland; Allemannia Insurance Co. of Pittsburg, Pa.; Teuto- nia Insurance Company of Allegheny, Pa.; Ohio German In- surance Co. of Ohio; Philadelphia Casualty Co. of Philadel- phia, Pa. 619 W. Diamond Street, N 5., Pittsburgh, Pa. Bell Phone 28 Cedar Harry A. Wray iFttttpral Sir^rtor i£mbalttn?r CARRIAGES FOR HIRE Office and Residence: 522 Sandusky Street, N. S. Corner South Diamond St. Pittsburgh, Pa. C. C. Heckel & Sons 515 Federal St., North Side Pittsburgh, Pa. Both Phones Hotel McKim THOS. McKIM, Prop. Liquors and Cigars Fine Wines 609 W. Diamond Street, N. S. Pittsburgh, Pa. Manhattan Shirts Stetson Hats B. M. Block l|attrr nnh The best $2.50 hand-made hat in Greater Pittsburgh 200 Federal St., North Side Corner Robinson St. C 18 7 f Prngr^BBton of pttsburglj ir5B in 19flB ^ One hundred and fifty years ago, the people who founded Pittsburgh knew practically nothing of sanitary plumbing and its advantages. Today, Pittsburgh supplies the world with the highest quality and the most approved sanitary equipment. ^ The Standard Sanitary Mfg. Co., claiming Pittsburgh as its home has one of its largest factories here, in which is made the world-renowned (^Taitaaffl porcelain enameled plumbing fixtures and brass goods. ^ To get an idea of the beauty and designs of this famous Pittsburgh production, a visit should be paid to the ,§tattaafu Show Room, 949 Penn Ave., where the finest collection of plumbing fixtures in the world is displayed. ^ Builders, Architects, Owners, Plumbers, or anyone interested in modern sanitary appliances for the home, factory, office buildings or public institutions are given a cordial welcome. Fullest information and interesting literature on the subject of home plumbing will be given every visitor or sent on request. DAVIS & MASON. PRINTERS. PITTSBURGH V<^^ o««* "^ A^"^ -s:^ "^^ ^^0^ 'b>° ^^^-^^o^ \;^^v %^^^/ V^'V .0* o » ". * ♦ m '^W liiiiii iii ili ii lliii iii LIBRARY OF CON/GRESS 00143131154 (;"•""■■' liili Iii