LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 
 
 ©^aiujiU-tJujumj^t If n, 
 
 Shelf .5 
 
 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 
 
REFERENCE HANDBOOK 
 
 READERS, STUDENTS, AND TEACHERS 
 OF ENGLISH HISTORY, 
 
 BY 
 
 L 
 
 E. H. GURNEY. 
 
 
 
 
 ) 
 
 ' - 
 
 BOSTON, U.S.A.: 
 PUBLISHED BY GINN & COMPANY. 
 
 1890. 
 
Copyright, 1890, 
 By E. H. GURNEY. 
 
 
 iT HE L1BKARY 
 
 WASH1NGI2E 
 
 Typography by J. S. Cushing & Co., Boston, U.S.A. 
 Presswork by Ginn & Co., Boston, U.S.A. 
 
©etitcattort. 
 
 TO MY DEAR WIFE, 
 
 Who has borne uncomplainingly my unsociable hours of search, and 
 
 joined with me in the hope that the result of my labor 
 
 might become as great a help to inquiring 
 
 students of history as it has 
 
 been to me a 
 
 pleasure, 
 
 THIS WORK IS AFFECTIONATELY DEDICATED. 
 
 Minneapolis, Minn., E. H. GURNEY. 
 
 1890. 
 
DESCENT OF WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR PROM ROLLO 
 THE DANE. 
 
 Rollo, First Duke. Settled in that part of France afterwards called 
 Normandy about 912, with a following of Danish, English, and 
 Norwegian adventurers, receiving the land from the King of France. 
 Died 932. Married, 1st, Poppa, sister of Bernard de-Senlis-Ver- 
 mandois, a descendant of Charlemagne. 2d, Gisella, daughter 
 of Charles the Simple, King of France. 
 Issue by Poppa : — 
 
 1. William Longsword, became second duke. 
 
 2. Gerloc, married William Tete d'etoupe, son of Ebles the 
 
 Mamzer, Count of Poitiers. William became Count of Aqui- 
 taine, and Eleanor, queen of Henry II. of England, was his 
 descendant. 
 
 3. Crispine. 
 
 Rollo abdicated in favor of his son in 927, and died in 932 at 
 the age of eighty- five. His principal followers on the invasion 
 and settlement of Normandy were — 
 Huldrich (Polio's uncle), ancestor of the Counches and Toesnys. 
 His son Ralph was ancestor of the Toenys, and his grandson, 
 Ralph (son of Roger), was standard bearer at the battle of 
 Hastings. His mother was a daughter of William Fitz- Osborne, 
 and his wife was a daughter of Earl Waltheof. 
 Botho, Count of Bayeux, and ancestor of the Tessons. 
 Gerlo, Count of Blois. 
 Ivo de Belesme. His grandson William was lord of Belesme and 
 
 Alenc.on. 
 Bernard the Dane and his son Torf were ancestors of the Har- 
 courts, Beaumonts, Tancrevilles, Gurneys, Aumalles, and Earls 
 of Eu. 
 Oslac and son Thurstan, ancestors of the counts of Montfort. 
 Osfrid, ancestor of Hugh Lupus. 
 Osmund, ancestor of the Seymours. 
 William Longsword, Second Duke (son). 1st wife(?), Espriota of 
 Brittany ; discarded her, and married, 2d, Luitgarda, daughter 
 of Herbert, Count of Vermandois. No issue. Assassinated 943. 
 
 Issue by Espriota : — 
 Richard the Fearless, became third duke. 
 
 Luitgarda afterwards married Thibaut, Count of Blois. 
 Espriota married Sperling the Miller, and had one son, Raoul, 
 who became Count of Ivry. Raoul' s son Hugh was bishop 
 of Bayeux until William the Conqueror's brother Odo became 
 bishop. 
 
6 DESCENT OF WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR. 
 
 Richard the Fearless, Third Duke (son). Married, 1st, Emma, daugh- 
 ter of Louis, King of France ; no issue. Married (?), 2d, Guenora, 
 sister of Herfastus the Dane, ancestor of the Fitz-Osbornes. Her- 
 fastus' son, Osborne de Crepon, was father of William Fitz- Osborne, 
 Earl of Hereford, in England. 
 Issue by Guenora : — 
 
 1. Richard the Good, became fourth duke. 
 
 2. Robert, died in youth. 
 
 3. Robert, became Bishop of Rouen, was married to Herleva, and 
 
 created Count of Evreux. 
 If William the Conqueror had been pronounced illegitimate, he 
 was the next heir after the death of Duke Robert. He was 
 ancestor of the Devereux family. 
 
 4. Geoffrey, Count of Eu and ancestor of the Earls of Clare. His 
 
 son Gilbert was father of Richard de Benefactor or de Clare, 
 who was killed 1136. The Earls of Gloucester and Pembroke 
 were his descendants. 
 
 5. Mauger. 
 
 Mother not known : — 
 
 6. William, made Count of Hiesmois, but lost his inheritance. 
 
 Issue by Guenora : — 
 
 7. Havisa, married Geoffrey, son of Conan, Duke of Brittany. 
 
 8. Emma, married Ethelred and Canute, Kings of England. 
 
 9. Maude, married Eudes, Count of Blois and Champagne. No 
 
 issue. Eudes afterwards married Hermengade of Auvergne, 
 
 and had a son, Stephen. 
 
 Grandchildren of Bichard the Fearless. {Robert's issue) : — 
 
 1. Richard, Count of Evreux ; came into England with the Con- 
 
 queror. 
 
 2. Ralphe, Tete d'etoupe. 
 
 3. William, companion of Robert Guiscard. 
 
 ( Geoffrey's issue) : — 
 Gilbert, Count of Eu and Brionne ; slain by his cousin Ralph, 
 and left two sons, Richard and Baldwin de Brionis. Richard 
 was called "de Clare" or " Tollbridge," and was the head 
 of the houses of Clare, Fitz- Walter, and Ratcliffe. Baldwin 
 was father of Richard de Redvers. 
 ( William's issue) : — 
 Called the Bastard, as his mother was never married. He lost 
 his inheritance by rebellion. He was afterwards given his 
 nephew Gilbert's county, and married Alice, daughter of 
 Thurkettle. His descendants were Hugh, Bishop of Lisieux, 
 and Robert Busar, and William, Count of Eu, in the time 
 of Rufus. 
 
 (Havisa and Geoffrey's issue) : — 
 Geoffrey was killed by an old woman in 1008. 
 1. Alain, Duke of Brittany, who married Bertha, daughter of 
 Eudes of Champagne. Their son Conan was the next duke, 
 and was poisoned in 1060. 
 
DESCENT OF WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR. 7 
 
 2. Eudes, Count of Penthievre. His son, Alain Fergant, became 
 duke, and married Constance, daughter of William the 
 Conqueror. 
 The grandson of Bernard the Dane, Turolf of Pont Audomare, 
 married Gueva (or Weva), sister of Guenora. From these 
 intermarriages came nearly all the families that came into 
 England. 
 
 Richard the Good, Fourth Duke (son). Married, 1st, Judith, sister 
 of Godfrey, Duke of Brittany. 2d, Estritha, daughter of Swayn, 
 King of England, divorced ; 3. Papia. Died 1027. 
 Issue by Judith : — 
 
 1. Richard, became fifth duke. 
 
 2. Nicholas, became a monk. 
 
 3. Robert, became duke, and father of William the Conqueror. 
 
 4. Alice (or Judith), married Renaud, Count of Burgundy, de- 
 
 scendant of Hugh the Great. Their son Guy claimed the 
 duchy in the time of William. The royal family of Portugal 
 came of this marriage. 
 
 5. Eleanor, married Baldwin, Earl of Flanders, grandfather of 
 
 Matilda. 
 
 Issue by Papia : — 
 
 7. William, Count of Arques. William Busar was his son. 
 
 8. Mauger, Archbishop of Rouen. 
 
 9. Another daughter married Stephen, Earl of Blois, son of Eudes. 
 
 Richard, Fifth Duke (son). Was engaged to marry a daughter of 
 the King of France, and she married, after Richard's death, Bald- 
 win, Earl of Flanders, and was mother of Matilda. 
 
 Illegitimate children : — 
 Nicholas, became abbot of Saint Ouen. He lived through three 
 generations, and attended the funeral of William the Conqueror. 
 Two Daughters. 
 
 Robert, Sixth Duke (brother). He had by Harlotta, daughter of 
 Fulbert the Tanner, one son, — William the Conqueror. 
 
 William the Conqueror. Fifth in descent from Rollo. There being 
 considerable confusion in the relationship of William to many who 
 came into England with him in 1066 or soon after, we give the 
 following to clear away many of the stumbling-blocks placed before 
 the reader in nearly every history. 
 
 After the death of Duke Robert, father of William, his mother, 
 Harlotta, married Herlwine de Conteville, and had the fol- 
 lowing issue : — 
 
 Half-brothers and sister of William the Coriqueror : — 
 Odo, Earl of Kent and Bishop of Bayeux ; died in Italy during the 
 
 crusades. 
 Robert, Earl of Moreton, married Maud, daughter of Roger de 
 
 Montgomery, Earl of Shrewsbury. 
 Maud, married, 1st, Lambert de Lenz ; issue, Judith, who married 
 
DESCENT OF WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR. 
 
 Waltheof, the Saxon Earl. 2d, Odo, Earl of Albermarle and 
 
 Champagne. 
 
 Matilda, wife of William the Conqueror, is supposed (with 
 good reason) to have been previously married, which will 
 account for the very pretty story told of William's wooing. 
 
 Matilda married Gerbod, a wealthy Fleming, and had the 
 following issue : — 
 Stepchildren of William : — 
 Gerbod, whom William made Earl of Chester for a few months. 
 Gundred, married William, the first Earl of Warren. 
 Another child came into England, but no name is found as yet. 
 
 Gerbod the elder had a sister who married Richard d' Avranches, 
 and had issue Hugh d' Avranches (Hugh Lupus), made Earl 
 of Chester after his cousin Gerbod. 
 
 These facts account for historians calling Gundred the daughter 
 instead of the stepdaughter of William, and Hugh, Earl of 
 Chester, the nephew of William instead of the nephew of his 
 wife. 
 
 Cecilia was baptized soon after birth in June, 1067, and dedi- 
 cated to a religious life. Henry was born in 1068. There- 
 fore Gundred, if the sixth daughter, as she was, if a daughter 
 at all, must have been born in 1069 or later. This Gundred 
 married William, Earl of Wan-en, and died in 1085, the 
 mother of five children. If the daughter of William, she 
 was married at the age of eleven, had her first child at the 
 age of twelve, and one each year thereafter until her death. 
 Her daughter Edith would have been born in 1083, and must 
 have departed for Jerusalem with her husband at the age of 
 thirteen. The dates are positive, and forbid the relationship 
 of daughter to William. 
 
THE KINGS OP ENGLAND AND THEIE FAMILIES. 
 
 Reign Reign 
 
 began ended 
 
 1066. William the Conqueror. 1087. Reigned 21 years. Son of 
 
 Robert, Duke of Normandy. Married Matilda, daughter of the 
 
 Earl of Flanders ; her mother was a daughter of Robert, King 
 
 of France ; died 1083. 
 Children : — 
 
 Robert, became Duke of Normandy, and died 1134. 
 
 Richard, slain in the New Forest. 
 
 William Rufus (William II.). 
 
 Henry I. 
 
 Constance, married Alan, Earl of Brittany, and died 1081. 
 
 Adelaide, renounced the world, and died unmarried. 
 
 Agatha, died going to Spain. 
 
 Adela, married Stephen, Earl of Blois. 
 
 Cecilia, a nun, born 1067. 
 
 By the obscure language of some authorities, William was 
 credited with a sixth daughter called Gundred ; but from 
 a careful reading of dates and bequests made during the 
 lives of the parties involved, it is found impossible to call 
 her his daughter. (See Dugdale, Vol. L, pp. 32, 73.) 
 William had an illegitimate son, called William Peverell, 
 by the daughter of Ingelric of London. (Dugdale, Vol. I., 
 p. 436.) 
 
 1087. William II. 1100. 13 years. Son of William I. No children. 
 
 1100. Henry I. 1135. 35 years. Son of William I. Married, 1st, 
 Matilda, daughter of Malcolm, King of Scotland ; died 1118 ; 
 her mother was sister of Edgar the Atherling. 2d, Adelais, 
 daughter of the Earl of Louvaine ; died 1151. 
 
 Children : — 
 William, married Alice, or Matilda, daughter of Fulk, Earl of 
 
 Anjou, sister of Geoffrey Plantagenet ; drowned in 1120. 
 Richard, died before his brother William. 
 Matilda, married Geoffrey Plantagenet ; died 1167. 
 Juliana, married Eustace of Breteuil. 
 Matilda, Countess of Perche ; drowned 1120. 
 Robert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester ; died 1147 ; his daughter 
 
 Maud married Ranulf, Earl of Chester. 
 Reginald, Earl of Cornwall ; died 1175. 
 Mary. 
 
 The last five children were by Nesta, daughter of the Prince 
 of Wales, by whom he had twelve children. 
 
10 THE KINGS OF ENGLAND. 
 
 Henry I. had another illegitimate daughter, Sibylla, who mar- 
 ried Alexander I. of Scotland, son of Malcolm Canmore. 
 
 Adelais, or Adelicia, Henry's second wife, was given Arundel 
 Castle in 1120, and it still remains in the hands of her 
 descendants. In 1138 she married William de Albini, 
 Earl of Chichester, who assumed the title of Earl of 
 Arundel. They had seven children ; viz. : William, Earl 
 of Arundel, Eeymer, Henry, Godfrey, Alice, Olivia, 
 Agatha. She retired to a nunnery, and died 1151. Her 
 brother Joscelyn married Agnes Percy, and was the an- 
 cestor of the Earls of Northumberland. Adelais was the 
 ancestress of the Howards, Dukes of Norfolk, through 
 the Mowbreys. 
 
 1135. Stephen. 1154. 19 years. Son of Adela, daughter of Wil- 
 liam I. Married Matilda, daughter of Eustace, Count of 
 Boulogne ; died 1151. 
 
 Mary, the mother of Matilda, was sister of Matilda, the 
 queen of Henry I. Her grandfather, Eustace of Boulogne, 
 married Goda, sister of Edward the Confessor. Her 
 uncles Geoffrey and Baldwin were kings of Jerusalem. 
 
 Children : — 
 Baldwin, died in youth. 
 Eustace, married Constance, sister of Louis VII. of France ; 
 
 died 1153. 
 William, Count of Boulogne, married Alice, daughter of Louis 
 
 VII. and Eleanora, who afterwards was wife of Henry II. ; 
 
 died 1160. 
 Maud, died in youth. 
 Mary, became the abbess of the nunnery of Romsey. Mary 
 
 married Mathew of Flanders, and their daughter Ida became 
 
 heir to the earldom of Boulogne. 
 1154. Henry II. 1189. 35 years. Son of Matilda, daughter of Henry I., 
 and supposed son of Stephen. Married Eleanora, divorced 
 wife of Louis VII. of France. She died 1204, aged 84 years. 
 
 Children : — 
 William, died in youth. 
 Henry, crowned during his father's lifetime, and died at the 
 
 age of 28 in 1183. He married Margaret, daughter of Louis 
 
 VII. (first husband of his mother) by his second wife. 
 Richard I. , contracted in marriage to Alice, daughter of Louis 
 
 VII. and second wife ; she afterwards married the Count of 
 
 Aumerle. 
 Geoffrey, married Constance of Brittany ; died 1186. u His 
 
 son Arthur, heir to the throne after Richard I. , was put to 
 
 death in 1203 by his uncle John, King of England. His oldest 
 
 daughter Eleonora, the Pearl of Brittany, became superior of 
 
 the nunnery of Ambresbury ; died 1235. His daughter Joanna 
 
 married Raymond the Crusader. 
 Philip, died young. 
 
THE KINGS OF ENGLAND. 11 
 
 John, became king. 
 
 Eleanor, married Alphonso, King of Castile. 
 
 Joan, married William, King of Sicily. 
 
 Matilda, married Henry the Lion, Duke of Brunswick, from 
 
 whom descended the present Guelph family. 
 William (Longspearj, Earl of Salisbury ; died 1216. 
 Geoffrey, Archbishop of York ; died 1215. 
 The last two were by the "Fair Rosamund Clifford." 
 1189. Richard I. 1199. 10 years. Son of Henry II. Married 
 
 Berengaria of Navarre ; died 1230. No children. 
 1199. John. 1216. 17 years. Married, 1st, Avisa, daughter of 
 William de Clare, Earl of Gloucester, and son of John's great- 
 uncle Robert. 2d, Isabella, daughter of Aymer, Count of 
 Angouleme ; died 1246. 
 
 Children : — 
 Henry III. 
 
 Richard, Earl of Cornwall, King of Rome ; married, 1st, Isa- 
 bel, daughter of William Marshall, Earl of Pembroke, the 
 elder, widow of de Clare ; 2d, Cincia, sister to Eleanor, queen 
 of Henry III. Died 1272. 
 Joan, married Alexander II. of Scotland. 
 Eleanor, married, 1st, William Marshall, Earl of Pembroke, 
 
 the younger ; 2d, Simon de Montford, Earl of Leicester. 
 Isabella, married Frederick, Emperor of Germany. 
 Joanna, married Lewellyn, Prince of Wales. 
 Osbert Giffard was also a son of King John's by one of his 
 mistresses. 
 
 John's widow married, in 1220, Hugh de Lusignan, Count 
 de La Marche. Her children by this marriage were : 
 Hugh ; William de Valence, Earl of Pembroke ; Aymer 
 de Valence, Bishop of Winchester ; Isabel, married Baron 
 Maurice de Creoun ; and Alice, married John de Warren, 
 Earl of Surrey. 
 
 1216. Henry III. 1272. 56 years. Son of John. Married Eleanor, 
 
 daughter of the Count of Provence ; died 1291. Her sister 
 
 Margarite married Louis IX. of France. 
 Children : — 
 
 Edward I. 
 
 Richard. 
 
 John. 
 
 William. 
 
 Henry. 
 
 Katherine, died at three years. 
 
 Margaret, married Alexander III. of Scotland ; died 1272. 
 
 Beatrice, married the Duke of Brittany ; died 1272. 
 
 Edmund, Earl of Lancaster, married, 1st, Areline, daughter of 
 William, Earl of Albermarle ; died 1292. 2d, Blanche, Queen 
 of Navarre, mother to Jane, wife of Philip le Bel, King of 
 France, and grandmother of Edward II.'s wife, Isabel. 
 
12 THE KINGS OF ENGLAND. 
 
 Edmund's first son, Thomas, Earl of Lancaster, was be- 
 headed in 1322. His second son, Henry, became Earl of 
 Lancaster, and was guardian of Edward III.; died in 
 1345. His son, Henry Wryneck, was Duke of Lancaster, 
 and died in 1361. His daughter Blanche married John 
 of Gaunt, fourth son of Edward III., and became the 
 mother of Henry IV. 
 
 1272. Edward I. 1307. 35 years. Married, 1st, Eleanor, daugh- 
 ter of the King of Castile ; died 1290. 2d, Margaret, sister of 
 
 the King of France ; died 1370. 
 
 Queen Eleanor was great-granddaughter of Alice, who was 
 
 engaged to Richard I. 
 Children : — 
 
 John, died 1272. 
 
 Henry, died 1272. 
 
 Alphonso, died 1284. 
 
 Edward II. 
 
 Alice. 
 
 Mary, nun. 
 
 Beatrice and Berengaria, twins. 
 
 Eleanor, married Henry, Earl of Berry. 
 
 Joan, married Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester. Her daugh- 
 ter Margaret married Piers Gaveston ; another daughter 
 married Hugh De Spencer. 
 
 Elizabeth (Isabel), married, 1st, John, Earl of Holland, and, 
 2d, Henry Bohun, Earl of Hereford. 
 
 Margaret, married John of Brabant and Hugh Courtney, Earl 
 of Devonshire. 
 
 Blanche. 
 
 (By second wife) : — 
 
 Thomas of Brotherton, Earl of Norfolk, married Alice, daugh- 
 ter of Sir Roger Halys ; Mary, daughter of Lord William 
 Roos. Died 1339. 
 
 Edmund, Earl of Kent. His daughter Joan, the fair "Maid of 
 Kent," married Edward the Black Prince. (See Dugdale, 
 Vol. II., p. 92.) 
 
 1307. Edward II. 1327. 20 years. Married Isabella, daughter of 
 Philip le Bel, the King of France ; died 1358. She was niece 
 of Margaret, second wife of Edward I. 
 
 Children : — 
 Edward III. 
 
 John, Earl of Cornwall ; died 1334. 
 Joan, married David, King of Scotland ; died 1358. 
 Eleanor, married Reynold, Earl of Gueldres. 
 
 Queen Isabella was granddaughter of the second wife of 
 Edmund, Earl of Lancaster, her mother Jane being the 
 daughter of Blanche, Queen of Navarre. Thomas of 
 Brotherton, Earl of Norfolk, was her cousin by her aunt 
 Margaret's marriage to Edward I. 
 
THE KINGS OF ENGLAND. 13 
 
 1327. Edward III. 1377. 50 years. Son of Edward II. Married 
 Philippa, his second cousin, daughter of the Count of Hainault; 
 died 1369. 
 
 Children : — 
 
 1. Edward the Black Prince, married his second cousin, Joan 
 
 of Kent ; died 1376. Sir Roger Clarendon was a son of 
 Edward the Black Prince. 
 
 2. William op Hatfield, born 1335 and lived a few weeks 
 
 only. 
 
 3. Lionel, Duke of Clarence, married, 1st, Elizabeth de Burgh, 
 
 heiress of the Clares, Earls of Gloucester ; 2d, Violante, 
 daughter of Galeazzo, Visconti of Milan. Died 1369. 
 
 4. John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, father of Henry IV. 
 
 (For his wives, see family of Gaunts.) Died 1398. 
 
 5. Edmund of Langley, Duke of York, married, 1st, Isabella 
 
 of Castile ; 2d, Joan, daughter of Thomas Holland, Second 
 Earl of Kent. Died 1401. 
 
 6. William of Windsor, died at the age of twelve years ; died 
 
 1360. 
 
 7. Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester, married his 
 
 second cousin, Eleanor Bohun ; died 1397. 
 Isabella, married Ingelram de Courcy, Duke of Bedford and 
 
 nephew of the Emperor of Germany. 
 Mary, married the Duke of Brittany, John de Montford (his 
 
 first wife). 
 Margaret, married John Hastings, Earl of Pembroke. 
 Joan, died 1348. 
 Blanche, died in infancy. 
 
 Catherine Swinford, the third wife of John of Gaunt, was 
 
 sister to Philippa, the wife of Geoffrey Chaucer. 
 Thomas of Woodstock left four children ; viz. : Humphrey, 
 Duke of Albermarle ; died 1399 ; he was sixteen at his 
 father's death. Anne, married, 1st, Edmund, Earl of 
 Stafford; 2d, William Bouchier, Earl of Ewe. Jane, 
 unmarried. Isabel, became a nun. 
 
 1377. Richard II. 1399. 22 years. Son of Edward the Black 
 Prince. Married, 1st, Anne of Bohemia ; died 1394. 2d, Isa- 
 bella, daughter of Charles VI. of France ; she was sister to 
 Katherine, queen of Henry V. ; died 1410. No children. 
 
 Queen Anne's blind grandfather was taken prisoner at Cressy 
 
 by the Black Prince. 
 Queen Isabella married, after Richard's death, Charles, Duke 
 of Orleans, who was captured by Henry V. at Agincourt, 
 and imprisoned 22 years. 
 
 1399. Henry IV. 1413. 14 years. Son of John of Gaunt. Married, 
 1st, Mary Bohun, daughter of the Earl of Hereford, and great- 
 granddaughter of Edward I. ; died 1394. 2d, Joan of Navarre, 
 widow of John de Montford, Duke of Brittany (his third wife) ; 
 died 1437. 
 
14 THE KINGS OF ENGLAND. 
 
 Children : — 
 
 Henry V. 
 
 Thomas, Duke of Clarence ; died 1421. 
 
 John, Duke of Bedford ; died 1435. 
 
 Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester ; died 1447. 
 
 Philippa, married Erick, King of Denmark. 
 
 Blanche, married the Duke of Bavaria. 
 
 And two others by his second wife. 
 
 Queen Joan granted two rich manors to Thomas Chaucer 
 (son of the poet), who served as speaker of the House of 
 Commons in the second year of Henry V.'s reign. She 
 was the third wife of John, Duke of Brittany; his first 
 wife being Mary, a daughter of Edward III., and his 
 second wife was Jane Holland, daughter of Joan, "Fair 
 Maid of Kent." 
 
 1413. Henry V. 1422. 9 years. Son of Henry IV. Married Cath- 
 erine, youngest daughter of Charles VI. of France. She out- 
 lived Henry, and married Owen Tudor. She died in 1437. She 
 was sister to Richard II.' s second queen. 
 
 Only son : — 
 Henry VI. 
 
 Catherine had three sons and one daughter by Owen Tudor ; 
 viz.: 1. Edmund, father of Henry VII.; died at twenty 
 years of age. 2. Jasper, became Earl of Bedford ; died 
 1496. 3. Owen, became a monk. 4. Margaret, died in 
 infancy. 
 
 1422. Henry VI. 1461. 39 years. Deposed. Son of Henry V. 
 Married Margaret, daughter of the Duke of Anjou. Died 1481. 
 
 Son : — 
 Edward, killed at the battle of Tewksbury, 1471. 
 
 1461. Edward IV. 1483. 22 years. Married widow, Elizabeth 
 Grey, daughter of Sir Richard Woodville, and the widow of the 
 Duke of Bedford ; died 1492. 
 
 Descended from Edward III. as follows : — 
 Lionel, Duke of Clarence, third son of Edward III. 
 Philippa, daughter of Lionel, married Edmund Mortimer, Earl 
 
 of March. 
 Roger Mortimer, son of Philippa ; Richard II. proclaimed him 
 
 heir to the throne. 
 Anne Mortimer, daughter of Roger, married Richard, Duke of 
 
 Cambridge, second son of the Duke of York. 
 Richard Plantagenet (son of Anne), Earl of March and Duke 
 
 of York; inherited his titles on the death of his uncles, 
 
 Edmund Mortimer and Edward Plantagenet. 
 Edward IV. , son of Richard, Duke of York. 
 
 Children of Edward IV. : — 
 Edward V. and Richard, Duke of York, killed in the Tower. 
 George, died in infancy. 
 
THE KINGS OF ENGLAND. 15 
 
 Elizabeth, married Henry VII. 
 
 Cecily, married Sir John Wells, half-brother to Henry VII.'s 
 mother. (See Beauforts.) 
 
 Katherine, married William Courtney, Marquis of Exeter. 
 
 Bridget, became a nun. 
 
 Anne, married Thomas, third Duke of Norfolk. 
 
 Mary, died 1482, aged fifteen. 
 
 Grace, illegitimate daughter, and the only female who fol- 
 lowed in the funeral procession of Elizabeth, queen of 
 Edward IV. 
 
 Arthur Plantagenet (by Elizabeth Lucy), became Viscount 
 
 Lisle and Constable of Calais for Henry VIII. ; married 
 
 Elizabeth, the widow of Edmund Dudley, and niece of 
 
 Elizabeth Woodville. 
 
 Queen Elizabeth's brothers and sisters married as follows : — 
 
 1. John Woodville, married the widow of the Duke of Norfolk 
 
 in her eightieth year ; executed 1471. 
 
 2. Anthony Woodville, Lord Scales, married the heiress of 
 
 Lord Scales and took the title. 
 
 3. Elizabeth Woodville, married, 1st, Sir John Grey, heir of 
 
 Lord Ferrers of Groby. Children: Thomas Grey, Mar- 
 quis of Dorset ; Richard Grey, executed 1483. 
 
 4. Margaret Woodville, married Thomas, Lord Maltravers, 
 
 afterwards Earl of Arundel. 
 6. Katherine Woodville, married Henry Stafford, Duke of 
 Buckingham, and Jasper Tudor, Duke of Bedford. 
 
 6. Jaquetta Woodville, married John, Lord Strange. 
 
 7. Anne Woodville, married George Grey, second Earl of Kent 
 
 (widow of William Bourchier). 
 
 8. Mary Woodville, married Lord William Herbert, son of 
 
 the Earl of Pembroke. 
 
 9. Lionel Woodville, chancellor to Edward IV., and Bishop 
 
 of Salisbury, and father of Stephen Gardner, Bishop of 
 Winchester. 
 10. Edward Woodville, Admiral of England. 
 
 1483. Edward V. 1483. 2 months and 10 days. Deposed by his 
 uncle, Richard III. 
 
 1483. Richard III. 1485. 2 years. Married Anne, daughter of 
 the Earl of Warwick, and widow of Edward, son of Henry VI. ; 
 died 1485. 
 
 Son : — 
 Edward, died 1484. 
 
 1485. Henry VII. 1509. 24 years. Married Elizabeth, daughter 
 of Edward IV.; died 1503. 
 
 Descended from Edward III. as follows : — 
 John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, fourth son of Edward III. 
 John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset, son of Gaunt by his third wife. 
 John Beaufort, Duke of Somerset, son of John, Earl of 
 
 Somerset. 
 
16 THE KINGS OF ENGLAND. 
 
 Margaret Beaufort, daughter of John the Duke. Her first 
 
 husband was Edmund Tudor. 
 Henry Tudor (son of Margaret), Earl of Richmond and 
 
 Henry VII. 
 
 Children : — 
 Arthur, died 1502. 
 Henry VIII. 
 Edmund, died 1500. 
 Katherine, died 1503. 
 Margaret, married James IV. of Scotland. 
 Elizabeth, died 1495. 
 Mary, married Louis XII. of France, and Charles Brandon, 
 
 Duke of Suffolk. She was grandmother of Lady Jane 
 
 Grey. 
 
 1509. Henry VIII. 1547. 38 years. Son of Henry VII. Married, 
 1509, Catherine of Aragon ; divorced 1532 ; died 1536. 1532, 
 Anne Boleyn, mother of Elizabeth ; executed 1536. 1536, Jane 
 Seymour, mother of Edward VI. ; died 1537. 1540, Anne of 
 Cleves; divorced 1540; died 1557. 1540, Catherine Howard; 
 executed 1542. 1543, Catherine Parr ; died 1548. 
 
 Children : — 
 Mary, daughter by Catherine of Aragon. 
 Elizabeth. 
 Edavard VI. 
 
 Henry Fitz Roy, Duke of Monmouth, son by Catherine Blount ; 
 died 1536. He married Mary Howard, sister to the Earl of 
 Surrey, the poet. 
 Ethelred Dyngley, daughter by Joanna Dyngley, married Sir 
 
 John Harrington the elder. 
 Sir John Perrot, had command of the naval fleet sent to 
 Ireland 1583. 
 
 Catherine Parr married, 1st, Edward, Lord Borough; died 
 1528. 2d, John Neville, Lord Latimer; died 1543. 
 3d, Henry VIII. ; died 1547. 4th, Thomas Seymour, 
 Lord Sudley; executed 1549. 
 Catherine's sister Anne married William Herbert, afterwards 
 Earl of Pembroke. Her brother, William Parr, became 
 Earl of Essex. 
 1547. Edward VI. 1553. 6 years. Son of Henry VIII. No 
 
 children. 
 1553. Jane. 1553. 10 days. Married Lord Guildford Dudley, 
 fourth son of the Duke of Northumberland. 
 
 Descended from Henry VII. as follows : — 
 Mary, daughter of Henry VII. , married Charles Brandon, 
 
 Duke of Suffolk. 
 Frances, daughter of Mary, married Henry Grey, Marquis of 
 
 Dorset and Duke of Suffolk. 
 Jane, daughter of Frances, married Guildford Dudley; both 
 beheaded 1554. 
 
THE KINGS OF ENGLAND. 17 
 
 1553. Mary. 1558. 5 years. Daughter of Henry VIII. Married 
 Philip of Spain. No children. 
 
 1558. Elizabeth. 1603. 45 years. Daughter of Henry VIII. Never 
 married. Supposed to have had a son, Arthur Dudley. (See 
 Agnes Strickland's "Queens of England," Vol. III., pp. 418, 419.) 
 
 1003. James I. 1625. 22 years. Married Anne, daughter of Fred- 
 erick II. of Denmark. 
 
 Descended from Henry VII. as follows : — 
 Margaret, daughter of Henry VII. , married James IV. of 
 
 Scotland. 
 James V. , King of Scotland, son of Margaret. 
 Mary, Queen of Scotland, daughter of James V. 
 James VI. , King of Scotland, son of Mary ; became James I. 
 
 of England. 
 
 Children of James : — 
 Henry Frederick, died at nineteen. 
 Charles I., King of England. 
 Elizabeth, married Frederick, Elector Palatine. The present 
 
 house came from this marriage. 
 Several other children died in infancy. 
 1625. Charles I. 1649. 24 years. Son of James. Married Hen- 
 rietta Maria, daughter of Henry IV. of France. 
 
 Children : — * 
 
 Charles II. 
 James II. 
 
 Henry, Duke of Gloucester ; died in 1660, aged twenty years. 
 Mary, married William II., Prince of Orange. 
 Elizabeth, died in 1650, aged fifteen years. 
 Anne. 
 Henrietta Maria, married Philip of Anjou and Orleans, 
 
 founder of the present House of Orleans. 
 
 1649. The Cromwells, Protectors. 1660. The Commonwealth. 
 
 1660. Charles II. 1685. 25 years. Son of Charles I. Married 
 Catherine of Braganza. No children. 
 
 Natural issue : — 
 James, Duke of Monmouth. 
 Mary, married William Fanshaw. 
 
 Charlotte Boyle, married Sir Robert Paston, Earl Yarmouth. 
 Charles Fitz Roy, Duke of Southampton. 
 Charles Fitz Charles, died young. 
 Mary Tudor, married Lord Ratcliffe. 
 Henry Fitz Roy, Duke of Grafton. 
 George Fitz Roy, Duke of Northumberland. 
 Charlotte Fitz Roy, married E. H. Lee of Ditchley. 
 Charles Beauclerc, Duke of St. Albans. 
 Charles Lenox, Duke of Richmond. 
 Anne, Countess of Sussex. 
 James Beauclerc 
 
18 THE KINGS OF ENGLAND. 
 
 Mary Tudor, married Lord Derwentwater. 
 James Stuart, a priest. 
 
 (See Sanf ord & Townsend's " Governing Families of England.") 
 
 5. James II. 1688. Nearly 4 years. Son of Charles I. Married, 
 1st, Anne Hyde, daughter of Earl Clarendon. 2d, Mary Bea- 
 trice, daughter of the Duke of Este. 
 
 Children (by first wife) : — 
 Mary (afterwards queen), married William Henry, Prince of 
 
 Orange, grandson of Charles I. 
 Anne (afterwards queen), married George, Prince of Denmark. 
 
 (By second wife) : — 
 James Frederick Edward, the pretender as James III. 
 Louisa Maria Theresa. 
 
 (By Arabella Churchill, sister of the great Duke of Marl- 
 boro) : — 
 James Fitz James, Duke of Berwick and Marshal of France. 
 Henry Fitz James. 
 Henrietta, married Lord Waldgrave. 
 
 Interregnum of 2 months. 
 
 1689. "William. 1702. 13 years. Mary the Queen married William 
 Henry, Prince of Orange. 
 
 Mary. 1694. 5 years. Mary was daughter of James II. No 
 children. 
 
 1702. Anne. 1714. 12 years. Second daughter of James II. Mar- 
 ried George, Prince of Denmark. 
 
 There were seventeen children born, one only arriving at the 
 age of eleven. 
 
 1714. George I. 1727. 13 years. Married Sophia Dorothea, heir 
 
 of the house of Brunswick and daughter of the Duke of Zell. 
 Descended from James I. as follows : — 
 
 Elizabeth, daughter of James I., married Frederick V., Elector 
 Palatine. 
 
 Sophia, daughter of Elizabeth, married Ernest Augustus, Elec- 
 tor of Hanover. 
 
 George Lewis, son of Sophia, Elector of Hanover, and became 
 King of England. 
 Children : — 
 
 George II. 
 
 Sophia Dorothea, married Frederick William, who became 
 King of Prussia and father of Frederick the Great. 
 
 1727. George II. 1760. 33 years. Son of George I. Married 
 Caroline of Anspach. 
 
 Children : — 
 Frederick Louis, father of George III.; died 1751. 
 George William, died 1718. 
 William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland ; died 1765. 
 
THE KINGS OF ENGLAND. 19 
 
 Anne, married William, Prince of Orange ; died 1759. 
 
 Amelia Sophia, died 1786. 
 
 Elizabeth Caroline, died 1757. 
 
 Mary, married Frederick of Hesse Cassel ; died 1772. 
 
 Louisa, married Frederick V. of Denmark; died 1751. 
 
 1760. George III. 1820. 60 years. Grandson of George II. Mar- 
 ried Charlotte Sophia, daughter of the Duke of Mechlinburg 
 
 Strelitz. 
 
 Children : — 
 
 George Augustus Frederick, George IV.; died 1830. 
 
 Frederick, Duke of York ; died 1827. 
 
 William Henry, Duke of Clarence, William IV. ; died 1837. 
 
 Edward Augustus, Duke of Kent and father of Victoria ; died 
 1820. 
 
 Ernest Augustus, Duke of Cumberland and King of Hanover ; 
 died 1851. 
 
 Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex. He married Lady 
 Murray, daughter of the Earl of Kintore, whose children 
 claimed the name of Este in 1875 as descendants of Albert 
 Azzo, the other lines being extinct. Died 1843. 
 
 Adolphus Frederick, Duke of Cambridge. His duchess died 
 at the age of ninety-two in 1889, his son the duke being 
 seventy years old. Died 1850. 
 
 Octavius, died 1783, at the age of four years. 
 
 Alfred, died 1782, at the age of two years. 
 
 Charlotte Augusta, married Frederick, King of Wirtemberg; 
 died 1816. 
 
 Augusta Sophia, married Charles William Ferdinand of Bruns- 
 wick ; died 1840. 
 
 Elizabeth, married Frederick of Hesse Homburg ; died 1840. 
 
 Mary, married William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester; died 
 1857. 
 
 Sophia, never married ; died 1848. 
 
 Amelia, favorite daughter of George III. ; died 1810. 
 
 1820. George IV. 1830. 10 years. Son of George III. Married 
 Caroline of Brunswick. 
 
 Daughter : — 
 Charlotte Augusta, married Leopold, King of Belgium ; died 
 
 1817. 
 
 1830. William IV. 1837. 7 years. Son of George III. Married 
 Adelaide Amelia Louisa Theresa Caroline, sister of the 
 Duke of Saxe Meiningen. No children by the queen. 
 
 There were ten children by Mrs. Jordan, who were named 
 Fitz Clarence. 
 
 1837. Victoria. Daughter of the Duke of Kent, fourth son of 
 George III. Married her first cousin, Prince Francis Charles 
 Augustus Albert Emanuel, son of Ernest I., Duke of Saxe- 
 Coburg Gotha. 
 
20 THE KINGS OF ENGLAND. 
 
 The Duke of Kent married the sister of Ernest I. , father of 
 the Prince Consort. Ernest's brother Leopold married 
 the daughter of George IV. 
 
 Children : — 
 Victoria Adelaide, married Frederick William, Emperor of 
 
 Germany, who died in 1888. 
 Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, married Princess Alexandra 
 
 of Denmark. 
 Alice Maud, married Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse Darmstadt. 
 Alfred Ernest, Duke of Edinburgh, married the Archduchess 
 
 Marie of Russia. 
 Helena Augusta, married Prince Christian of Schleswig Hol- 
 
 stein. 
 Louise Caroline, married John Campbell, Marquis of Lome. 
 Arthur William Patrick, Duke of Connaught, married Louise 
 
 Margaret of Prussia. 
 Leopold George Duncan, Duke of Albany, married Helena 
 
 of Waldeck Pyemont ; died 1884. 
 Beatrice Mary Victoria, married Henry, Prince of Batten- 
 burg. 
 
 Children of the Prince of Wales : — 
 Albert Victor, born 1864. 
 George Frederick, born 1865. 
 Louise Victoria, born 1867; married 1889 to Alexander George 
 
 William McDuff, Earl of Fife. 
 Alexandra, born 1868. 
 Maud, born 1860. 
 Alexander John, born 1871 ; died 1871. 
 
DESCENT OP PKESENT BEIGNING FAMILIES. 
 
 Descent of the Present Queen of England from Albert Azzo 
 (Marquis of Este) and Guelph (or Welph) of Bavaria. 
 
 Albert Azzo, second Marquis of Este or Tuscany. Married Kuni- 
 gonda, sister of Guelph III., Duke of Carinthia. From their 
 younger son descended Mary Beatrice, queen of James II. Azzo 
 married for second wife, Gersenda, heiress of Maine ; issue, 
 Ugone, who claimed Maine. Died 1097. 
 
 Guelph I., Duke of Bavaria. Son of Azzo. Married the daughter 
 of Otho II., Duke of Bavaria. In 1071 Guelph became duke. Died 
 1101. 
 
 Guelph II. , Duke of Bavaria. Son of Guelph I. Married his cousin, 
 the great Countess Matilda of Tuscany. Died 1120. 
 
 Henry the Proud, Duke of Bavaria. Nephew of Guelph II. Mar- 
 ried Gertrude. Died 1139. 
 
 Henry the Lion, First Duke of Brunswick. Son of Henry the Proud. 
 Married, 1st, Clementia of Jahringen ; divorced. 2d, Matilda, 
 daughter of Henry II. of England. Henry and Matilda's second 
 son Otho became Emperor of Germany as Otho IV. He lost Bava- 
 ria, but was made Duke of Brunswick and Saxony in 1181. Died 
 1195. 
 
 William, Second Duke of Brunswick. Son of Henry the Lion. 
 Married Agnes, niece of Frederick I. of Germany. Died 1213. 
 
 Otho, Third Duke of Brunswick. Son of William. Died 1252. 
 
 Albert I., Fourth Duke of Brunswick. Son of Otho. Died 1278. 
 
 Albert II., Fifth Duke of Brunswick. Son of Albert I. Died 1318. 
 
 Magnus I. , Sixth Duke of Brunswick. Son of Albert II. Died 1368. 
 
 Magnus II. , Last Duke of all Brunswick. Son of Magnus I. Died 
 1409. 
 
 Bernard, First Duke of Brunswick Luneburg. Son of Magnus II. 
 Died 1434. 
 
 Otho, Second Duke of Brunswick Luneburg. Son of Bernard. Died 
 1478. 
 
 Ernest I., Third Duke of Brunswick Luneburg. Son of Otho. Died 
 1546. 
 
 William, Fourth Duke of Brunswick Luneburg. Son of Ernest I. 
 Died 1592. His seven sons cast lots to marry. 
 
 21 
 
22 DESCENT OF PRESENT REIGNING FAMILIES. 
 
 George, Fifth Duke of Brunswick Luneburg. Sixth son of William, 
 who married by lot. Died 
 
 Elizabeth. Daughter of James I. Married Frederick of Palatine. 
 
 George William, Sixth Duke of Brunswick Luneburg. Son of 
 George. 
 
 Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover. Son of George, and brother 
 of George William. Married Sophia, daughter of Elizabeth. 
 
 George Lewis, Elector of Hanover and King of England. Son of 
 Ernest Augustus and Sophia. Married Sophia Dorothea, daugh- 
 ter of George William. 
 
 Descent of the Present Queen of England from Cerdic, King 
 of the West Saxons, who reigned about 500. 
 
 Reign Reign 
 
 began ended 
 
 827. Egbert. 837. First King of England. Descended from Cerdic 
 in the thirteenth generation. His queen was Redburga. 
 
 837. Ethelwolf. 857. Son. Married, 1st, Osburga, a direct de- 
 scendant of Cerdic. 2d, Judith, daughter of Charles the Bald 
 of France. 
 
 Children : — 
 Ethelbald. Ethelbert. Ethelred. Alfred. 
 Ethelswitha, who married the King of Mercia. 
 
 857. Ethelbald. 860. Son. Married his father's widow, Judith of 
 France, who was afterwards divorced, and married Baldwin the 
 Forester, first Earl of Flanders. 
 
 860. Ethelbert. 866. Brother. 
 
 866. Ethelred. 871. Brother. 
 
 871. Alfred the Great. 901. Brother. Married Elswitha, daugh- 
 ter of the Earl of Lincolnshire. 
 
 Children : — 
 King Edward. 
 
 Ethelflada, who married her cousin, King of Mercia. 
 Elstwith, married Baldwin, Earl of Flanders, the progenitor of 
 William the Conqueror's wife. 
 
 901. Edward the Elder. 925. Son of Alfred. Married the daugh- 
 ter of a shepherd. 
 
 Children : — 
 Athelstan. Ethelward. Edwin. Edmund. Edred. 
 Edith (or Elgifa), married Otho I. of Germany, son of Henry 
 
 the Fowler. 
 Odgiva, married Charles III. of France, and became the mother 
 
DESCENT OF PRESENT REIGNING FAMILIES. 23 
 
 of Louis IV., King of France. She afterwards married 
 Hubert, Count of Troyes, son of the Count of Vermandois. 
 Edgiva, married Hugh, Count of Paris, whose daughter married 
 Richard I. of Normandy. Another daughter married Louis, 
 Count of Provence. Another daughter married Sithric, King 
 of Northumberland. 
 Adela, married Ebles the Mamzer, Count of Poitou. Their 
 son William Tete d'etoupe became Duke of Aquitaine, and 
 married Gerloc, daughter of Rollo, first Duke of Normandy. 
 Eleanor, queen of Henry II., descended directly from this 
 marriage. 
 
 925. Athelstan. 940. Son of Edward. 
 
 940. Edmund I. 946. Brother. Assassinated. 
 
 946. Edred. 955. Brother. 
 
 955. Edwy. 958. Son of Edmund. Married Elgiva. Dunstan 
 was her enemy. 
 
 958. Edgar. 975. Brother. Married Ethelflada and Elfrida. 
 
 975. Edward the Martyr. 979. Son of Edgar. Assassinated. 
 
 979. Ethelred the Unready. 1013. Retired. Half-brother. Mar- 
 ried his cousin Emma, daughter of Richard II. of Normandy, 
 aunt to William the Conqueror. 
 
 Children : — 
 Edmund Ironsides. Edwy. Alfred. 
 Edward the Confessor. 
 
 Goda, married Eustace of Boulogne. Their son Eustace mar- 
 ried Mary, sister to Henry I.'s wife; and their daughter 
 Matilda married King Stephen. 
 
 Ethelred had a daughter Elgiva, who married Uchtred, Earl 
 of Northumberland, and whose daughter was the female 
 progenitor of the Nevilles. Also another daughter Edgi- 
 tha, who married Edric Streona, Earl of Mercia. 
 
 1013. Sweyn the Dane. 1014. __ 
 
 1014. Canute. 1014. His son. Set aside. 
 
 1014. Ethelred. 1016. Restored. 
 
 1016. Edmund Ironsides. 1016. Son of Ethelred. His sons 
 Edward and Edmund were banished ; and Edward (the Athe- 
 ling) married Agatha, niece to the Queen of Hungary. 
 
 Edward's children were: Edgar the Atheling. Margaret, 
 married Malcolm III. of Scotland. Christina, became 
 abbess of the nunnery of Romsey. 
 Margaret's daughter Maud (or Matilda) married Henry I. of 
 England. Her (Margaret's) daughter Mary married her 
 cousin Eustace of Boulogne ; and their daughter Matilda 
 married Stephen, King of England. 
 Victoria's descent from Cerdic through Margaret is in the 
 forty- seventh generation. 
 
24 DESCE&T OF PRESENT REIGNING FAMILIES. 
 
 1016. Canute the Dane. 1035. Restored. Married, 1st, Ailiva, 
 
 daughter of Anselm, Earl of Southampton. 2d, Emma, widow 
 
 of Ethelred. 
 1035. Harold. 1040. Son. 
 1040. Hardicanute. 1042. Half-brother. 
 1042. Edward the Confessor. 1066. Son of Ethelred and Emma. 
 
 Married Edith, daughter of Earl Godwin. 
 1066. Harold the Saxon. 1066. Son of Earl Godwin, father of 
 
 the Confessor's wife. He married for second wife, Algitha, 
 
 sister to the Earls Morcar and Edwin, and widow of Griffin, 
 
 Prince of Wales. 
 
 Issue of King Harold the Saxon : — 
 
 Godwin. Edmund. Wolf. 
 
 Gunhild, became blind, and cured by Wolfstan, Bishop of 
 Worcester. Another daughter married Waldemar the Dane, 
 and became the mother of King Waldemar of Denmark. 
 
 The House of Stuart. 
 
 The House of Stuart received their name from the High Stewards 
 of Scotland. 
 Walter. Son of Alan, a Norman baron. Became High Steward to 
 David I. of Scotland. 
 
 The elder brother of Walter settled in England, and his children 
 were known as the Fitz -Alans, and came into the title of 
 Earl of Arundel. 
 Walter. Son. High Steward to Alexander II. of Scotland. 
 Alexander. Son. High Steward of Scotland. 
 James. Son. High Steward of Scotland. Died 1309. 
 
 Walter. Son. Married Marjory, daughter of Robert Bruce, King 
 of Scotland. 
 
 Robert II. Son of Walter, and grandson of Robert Bruce. Became 
 King of Scotland in 1371. Died 1390. 
 
 Robert III. Son of Robert H. They now spelled the name 
 "Stewart." Died 1406. 
 
 James I. Son of Robert II. Died 1437. 
 
 James n. Son of James I. Died 1460. 
 
 James III. Son of James II. Died 1488. 
 
 James IV. Son of James III. Married Margaret Tudor, daugh- 
 ter of Henry VII. Died 1513. 
 
 James V. Son of James IV. Died 1542. 
 
 Mary. Daughter of James V. She first spelled the name " Stuart." 
 Died 1587. 
 
DESCENT OF PRESENT REIGNING FAMILIES. 25 
 
 James VI. Son of Mary. Became James 1= of England. Died 1625. 
 
 Mary married Henry Stuart, her second- cousin by the family of 
 Stuart, and also through Margaret Tudor, as follows : — 
 
 Margaret Tudor, daughter of Henry VII., after the death of 
 James IV., married Archibald, Earl of Angus. Their daugh- 
 ter, Margaret Douglas, married for second husband Mathew 
 Stuart, Earl of Lenox. Their children were : Henry Stuart, 
 Lord Darnley, married Mary, Queen of Scotland; Charles 
 Stuart, Earl of Lenox, married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir 
 William Cavendish. 
 
 The daughter of Charles, Earl of Lenox, was Arabella Stuart, 
 who was imprisoned by Elizabeth and James I. for her mar- 
 riage with William Seymour, grandson of Catherine Grey 
 (sister of Queen Jane), heiress of the Suffolk branch from 
 Henry VII. Arabella died in 1615. Her claim came through 
 Margaret Tudor, and by her husband through Mary Tudor, 
 who married Charles Brandon. 
 
 Descent of the Present King or Portugal from Edward III. 
 of England. 
 
 1. John of Gaunt. Son of Edward III. 
 
 2. Philippa. Daughter. Married John I. of Portugal. John died 
 
 1433. 
 
 Issue : — 
 Edward, John, and Henry. 
 
 3. Edward. Son. Married Leonore of Aragon. Died 1438. 
 
 Alfonso V. Son. Married 1st, his cousin Leonora, daughter of 
 Dom John. 2d, Joanna of Castile. Died 1481. 
 His niece Joanna married Henry IV. of Castile. 
 
 John II. Son. Died 1495. 
 
 5. Emanuel. Grandson of King Edward, and cousin of John II. 
 Married Isabella, daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella of 
 Castile. Died 1521. 
 
 Issue : — 
 John. 
 
 Isabella, married Charles V. 
 Beatrice, married Charles III. of Savoy. 
 Louis. Ferdinand. Alfonso. Henry. 
 Edward. His daughter Catherine married John, eighth Duke 
 
 of Braganza. 
 
 John III. Son of Emanuel. Died 1557. 
 His son John died 1554. 
 
 Sebastian. Grandson of John III. Died 1578. 
 
26 DESCENT OF PRESENT REIGNING FAMILIES. 
 
 Henry. Son of Emanuel. Died 1580. 
 
 Anthony. Brother. Deposed 1580. 
 
 Philip II., Philip III., and Philip IV. of Spain were Kings of 
 Portugal from 1580 to 1610. 
 
 7. John IV., Eighth Duke of Braganza. Married Catherine, 
 
 daughter of Edward, son of King Emanuel. Died 1656. 
 Their daughter Catherine married Charles II. of England. 
 
 Alfonso VI. Son. Married Marie, granddaughter of Henry IV. 
 of France. Deposed 1667. 
 
 8. Peter II. Brother. Married Maria Sophia de Neuburg. Died 
 
 1706. 
 
 9. John V. Son. Married Marianna, daughter of Emperor Leo- 
 
 pold I. Died 1750. 
 
 Their daughter Maria Barbara married Ferdinand VI. of Spain. 
 
 10. Joseph Emanuel. Son. Died 1777. 
 
 Maria I. Daughter. Married her father's brother, Peter III. 
 (Wellington's » Peninsula Wars.") Died 1816. 
 
 11. John VI. Son. Died 1826. 
 
 12. Peter IV. Son. Dom Pedro. Abdicated the throne of Portu- 
 
 gal for that of Brazil in 1826. Died 1834. 
 
 13. Maria (da Gloria). Daughter. 
 
 Dom Miguel usurped the throne in 1828. 
 
 Maria. Bestored. Married Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg- 
 Gotha, nephew of Leopold I. of Belgium. Died 1853. 
 
 14. Peter V. Son. Dom Pedro. Died 1861. 
 
 Luis. Brother. Married Maria Pia, daughter of Victor Eman- 
 uel, King of Italy. Died 1889. 
 
 15. Carlos. Son. Duke of Braganza. Born 1863. 
 
 Brazil. 
 
 Dom Pedro. Emperor. Abdicated the throne of Brazil in 1831. 
 He was also King of Portugal as Peter IV. Died 1834. 
 
 Dom Pedro II. Son. Born 1825. Married Princess Theresa 
 
 of Naples. Assumed the government 1840. Deposed 1889. 
 Issue : — 
 
 Isabella, married Louis, son of Duke de Nemours. 
 
 Pedro, heir, born 1875. 
 
 The King of Portugal is a descendant of Edward III. of Eng- 
 land in the fifteenth generation, two generations nearer 
 than Victoria. 
 
DESCENT OF PRESENT REIGNING FAMILIES. 27 
 
 The Emperor of Brazil is a descendant of Edward III. of Eng- 
 land in the thirteenth generation. 
 
 Queen Victoria of England is a descendant of Edward III. of 
 England in the seventeenth generation. 
 
 The lineal male descendant of John of Gaunt is Henry Charles 
 Fitzroy Somerset, Duke of Beaufort, and is a descendant 
 of Edward III. of England in the eighteenth generation. 
 
 Descent of the Present King of Spain from Edward III. of 
 
 England. 
 
 1. John of Gaunt. Son of Edward III. Married Constance, daugh- 
 
 ter of Peter, King of Castile, great-grandfather of Henry III. 
 
 2. Catherine. Daughter of Gaunt. Married Henry III. of Castile, 
 
 grandnephew of Constance. Henry III. died 1406. 
 Kings of Castile : — 
 
 3. John II. Son. He married Isabella of Portugal. Died 1454. 
 
 His uncle Ferdinand was King of Aragon. 
 Henry IV. Son. Married Joanna of Portugal, niece of Al- 
 phonso V. Died 1474. 
 His daughter pronounced illegitimate. 
 
 4. Isabella. Sister. Married her second-cousin, Ferdinand of 
 
 Aragon. Died 1504. 
 
 5. Joanna. Daughter. Married Philip I. of Austria, son of Max- 
 
 imilian I. Joanna was of unsound mind. 
 Kings of Spain : — 
 Ferdinand V. Father. The crowns united on the death of 
 Ferdinand in 1516. 
 
 6. Charles I. Son of Joanna and Philip of Austria, Emperor of 
 
 Germany as Charles V. Died 1558. 
 
 His father Philip was the son of Maximilian I. , who married 
 Mary of Burgundy, daughter of Charles the Bold, Duke of 
 Burgundy, who married Margaret, sister of Edward IV. 
 of England. Charles the Bold's father, Philip, Duke of 
 Burgundy, married Isabella of Portugal. Charles V. was, 
 therefore, great-grandson of Margaret, sister of Edward IV. 
 of England. Charles was succeeded as Emperor by his 
 brother Ferdinand I., and he by his son Maximilian II. 
 Charles married Isabella, daughter of Emanuel, King of 
 Portugal. 
 
 7. Philip II. Son. Married, 1st, Mart of Portugal ; issue, Don 
 
 Carlos, who died 1568. 2d, Mary, Queen of England. 3d, Isa- 
 bella, daughter of Henry II. of France. 4th, Anna of Austria, 
 daughter of Maximilian II., his second- cousin. Died 1598. 
 He sent the Armada against England. Don John of Austria 
 was his half-brother. 
 
28 DESCENT OF PRESENT REIGNING FAMILIES. 
 
 8. Philip III. Son of Anna. Married Margaret of Austria. 
 
 Died 1621. 
 
 His daughter Anna married Louis XIII. of France. His daugh- 
 ter Maria Anna married the Emperor Ferdinand III., father 
 of Leopold I. 
 
 9. Philip IV. Son. Married, 1st, Elizabeth of France. 2d, Maria 
 
 Anna, sister of Leopold I. Died 1665. 
 
 His daughter by first marriage, Maria Theresa, married Louis 
 XIV. of France. His daughter by second marriage, Mar- 
 garet Theresa, married the Emperor Leopold I. ; and their 
 daughter Maria married the Elector of Bavaria. 
 
 10. Charles II. Son. Married, 1st, Maria Louise of Orleans. 
 2d, Maria Anna of Neuburg. No issue. Died 1700. 
 
 War of the Spanish Succession, in which were engaged the Duke 
 of Marlborough, Prince Eugene, etc. 
 
 12. Philip V. Second grandson of Louis XIV. of France. Resigned 
 
 1724. Married, 1st, Maria Louise, daughter of Victor Ama- 
 deus of Savoy, great-granddaughter of Charles I. of England. 
 2d, Elizabeth Farnese. 
 
 Louis XIV.'s son, Louis the Dauphin, married Maria Anna of 
 Bavaria, and Philip V. was their second son, and uncle of 
 Louis XV. 
 Louis I. Son. Died 1724. 
 Philip V. Again. Died 1746. 
 
 13. Ferdinand VI. Son of Philip V. and Maria Louise. Married 
 
 Maria Barbara, daughter of John V. of Portugal. Died 1759. 
 His brother Philip was Duke of Parma. 
 Charles III. Half-brother. Died 1788. 
 
 His third son Ferdinand became King of the Two Sicilies. 
 
 14. Charles IV. Son. Married his cousin Maria Louise of Parma. 
 
 Abdicated 1808. 
 
 15. Ferdinand VII. Son. Married, 1st, Maria Antonietta, daugh- 
 
 ter of the King of Naples. 3d, Maria Amalia of Saxony. 
 4th, Maria Christina of Naples. Abdicated 1808. 
 
 Joseph Bonaparte. Brother to Napoleon. Abdicated 1813. 
 
 Ferdinand VII. Again. Salic law abolished. His brother Don 
 Carlos protests. Died 1833. 
 
 16. Isabella II. Daughter. Married her cousin Francis of Assis. 
 
 Abdicated 1870. 
 Amadeo I. Son of Victor Emanuel, King of Italy (died 1890). 
 
 Abdicated 1873. 
 Republic to 1874. 
 
 17. Alphonso XII. Son of Isabella II. Married Christina of 
 
 Austria. Died 1885. 
 
 18. Alphonso XIII. Son. Born May 17, 1886. 
 
NOBILITY OP ENGLAND. 
 
 BIGODS, MOWBREYS, AND HOWARDS, EARLS AND DUKES 
 OE NORFOLK. 
 
 Roger Bigod. Possessed many lordships in the reign of William the 
 Conqueror. Died 1107. 
 
 William Bigod. Son. Was steward to Henry I., and was drowned 
 with the son of Henry I. in 1120. 
 
 Hugh Bigod, First Earl. Brother. Created Earl by Stephen. Gave 
 oath that Henry I. disinherited his daughter Maud. Died 1177. 
 
 Roger Bigod, Second Earl. Son. Was in the Barons' War against 
 King John. Died 1221. 
 
 Hugh Bigod, Third Earl. Son. Married Maud, daughter of William 
 Marshall, Earl of Pembroke. Died 1225. 
 His brother l^ugh was Justicia of England. 
 
 Roger Bigod, Fourth Earl. Son. Married Isabel, sister of Alex- 
 ander, King of Scotland. Was Earl Marshall of England under 
 Henry III. Diedil2ZQ. 
 
 Roger Bigod, Fifth Earl. Nephew. Married Alice, daughter of 
 Philip Bassett. Refused to assist in the foreign wars of Edward I. 
 Died 1296. 
 
 He had no issue, and, disinheriting his brother John, gave his 
 property to Edward I. The title then passed into possession 
 of the crown. 
 
 Thomas Plantagenet (Brotherton), Earl of Norfolk. Son of Ed- 
 ward I. Created Earl in 1309. Married, 1st, Alice, daughter of 
 Sir Roger Halys. 2d, Mary, daughter of William, Lord Roos. 
 Died 1339. 
 
 Issue : — 
 
 1. Margaret, married, 1st, Lord John Seagrave ; 2d, Sir Wal- 
 
 ter de Mauney ; no issue by Sir Walter. Her daughter 
 Elizabeth married John Mowbrey, who was slain in the 
 Holy Land 1369. Her second daughter, Anne, married 
 John de Hastings, Earl of Pembroke. 
 
 2. Alice, married Edward de Montacute. 
 
 3. Edward Plantagenet, married Beatrice, daughter of Roger 
 
 Mortimer. Edward died before his father. No issue. 
 
 Thomas Mowbrey, First Duke. Son of John Mowbrey, and grand- 
 son of Margaret Plantagenet, and great-grandson of Thomas, the 
 
 29 
 
30 NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 
 
 son of Edward I. Married, 1st, Elizabeth le Strange. 2d, Eliz- 
 abeth, sister of Thomas Fitz Alan, Earl of Arundel. Died in Italy 
 in 1399. 
 
 Children by second wife : — 
 Thomas, became Duke. 
 John, became Duke after Thomas. 
 Margaret, married Sir Robert Howard, whose son John became 
 
 Duke. 
 Isabel, married Sir James Berkeley. 
 
 Thomas Mowbrey, Second Duke. Son. Married Constance, daugh- 
 ter of John Holland, Earl of Huntingdon. Beheaded 1405, aged 19. 
 
 John Mowbrey, Third Duke. Brother. Married Catherine Neville, 
 daughter of Ralph, Earl of Westmoreland. Dukedom restored 
 1424. Died 1433. 
 
 John Mowbrey, Fourth Duke. Son. Married Eleanor, daughter 
 of Lord William Bourchier. Died 1461. 
 
 John Mowbrey, Fifth Duke. Son. Married Elizabeth, daughter 
 of John Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury. Died 1476. 
 
 His daughter Anne, who died in 1482, was married when a child 
 to Richard, son of Edward IV. The direct line of Mowbrey 
 having become extinct, the title was claimed by John How- 
 ard, son of Sir Robert, whom the first Duke's daughter 
 married. Sir Robert died about 1430. 
 
 John Howard, First Duke of the Howards. Son of Sir Robert and 
 Margaret Mowbrey. Married, 1st, Catherine, daughter of Lord 
 William Molines. 2d, Margaret, daughter of Sir John Chetworth. 
 Killed at Bosworth, 1485. 
 
 Thomas Howard, Second Duke. Son. Married, 1st, Margaret 
 Tylney. 2d, Elizabeth Tylney. 3d, Agnes Tylney. He won 
 the battle of Flodden. Died 1524, at 80 years of age. 
 Children by first wife : — 
 Thomas, who became Duke. 
 Edward, married Alice, sister of Henry Lovel, Lord Morley. 
 
 He was killed in Brest Harbor in France, in 1513. 
 Edmund Howard, led the right wing at Flodden. He married, 
 
 1st, Joyce Culpepper ; 2d, Dorothy Troyes. He died 1539. 
 Muriel, married John Grey, son of Lord Lisle. 
 Elizabeth, married Thomas Boleyn, father of Anne Boleyn. 
 And five sons who died young. 
 
 Children of Edmund : Sir Thomas Howard, killed in France. 
 Henry Howard, died in youth. Charles, slain in France. 
 George, left no children. Margaret, married Sir Thomas 
 Arundel of Wadour. Katherine, married King Henry 
 Vni. Mary, married Edmund Trafford. Joyce, married 
 John Stauney. Isabel, married Mr. Boynton. 
 Children by second wife : — 
 Richard, died in 1517. 
 
NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 31 
 
 William, Earl of Effingham. He married, 1st, Catherine, 
 daughter of Sir John Broughton ; 2d, Margaret, daughter of 
 Sir Thomas Gamage. Died 1569. 
 
 Thomas, married Margaret Douglas, granddaughter of Henry 
 VII., and daughter of Margaret, Queen of Scots. Died in 
 the Tower, 1537. 
 
 Anne, married John, Earl of Oxford. 
 
 Dorothy, married Edward, Earl of Derby. 
 
 Elizabeth, married Henry Ratcliffe, Earl of Sussex. 
 
 Catherine, married Henry Daubeny, Earl of Bridgewater. 
 William Howard, Earl of Effingham, had issue as follows : 
 Agnes Howard, married William Paulet, Marquis of 
 Winchester. Charles, Earl of Nottingham (see below), 
 died 1624 at 88 years of age. William Howard of Ling- 
 field. Edward, Henry, and Katherine, who died young. 
 Douglas, married Lord John Sheffield ; 2d, Kobert, Earl of 
 Leicester ; 3d, Sir Edward Stafford. Mary, married Lord 
 Edward Dudley ; 2d, Richard Montpesson. Frances, mar- 
 ried Edward Seymour, Earl of Hertford (his second wife). 
 Martha, married Sir George Bourchier, son of the Earl of 
 Bath. 
 Charles, Earl of Nottingham, Admiral of England, married, 
 1st, Katherine Carey, daughter of Lord Hunsdon ; 2d, Mar- 
 garet, daughter of James Stuart, Earl of Murray. Issue : 
 William, married Anne, daughter of Lord John St. John. 
 Charles, became Earl of Nottingham. Elizabeth, married 
 Sir Robert Southwell. Frances, married Henry Fitz Ger- 
 ald, Earl of Kildare ; 2d, Lord Henry Cobham. Margaret, 
 married Sir Richard Leveson. James (by second wife), 
 died young. Sir Charles (by second wife). 
 
 Thomas Howard, Third Duke. Son of second Duke. Married, 
 1st, Anne, daughter of Edward IV. 2d, Elizabeth Stafford, 
 daughter of the Duke of Buckingham. Died 1554. 
 
 Issue : — 
 Edward (by first wife) ; died young. 
 Henry, Earl of Surrey; poet; executed 1547. 
 Thomas, Viscount Bindon ; died 1582. 
 
 Mary, married at fourteen to Henry Fitz-Roy, Duke of Rich- 
 mond, son of Henry VIII. 
 
 Henry, Earl of Surrey, married Frances de Vere, daughter 
 of John, Earl of Oxford ; executed 1547. Issue : Thomas, 
 became fourth Duke. Henry, Earl of Northampton ; he 
 was involved in the Overbury murder ; died unmarried, 
 1614. Jane, married Charles, Earl of Westmoreland. 
 Margaret, married Henry, Lord Scrope of Bolton. Cath- 
 erine, married Lord Henry Berkeley. 
 Thomas, Viscount Bindon, married Elizabeth, daughter of 
 John, Lord Marney ; 2d, Gertrude, daughter of Sir Wil- 
 liam Little ; 3d, Mabel Burton ; 4th, Margaret Manning. 
 
32 NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 
 
 Died 1582. Issue by first wife : Henry, became Viscount 
 Bindon, and died 1605 ; Thomas, became Viscount after 
 Henry's death ; Francis and Giles ; Elizabeth, died unmar- 
 ried ; Grace, married Sir John Horsy. By second wife : 
 Charles. By third wife : Frances, married, 1st, Henry 
 Pranel ; 2d, Edward Seymour, Earl of Hertford (his third 
 wife); 3d, Ludovic, Duke of Lennox. 
 
 Thomas Howard, Fourth Duke. Son of Surrey, grandson of third 
 Duke. Married, 1st, Mary Fitz-Alan, daughter of Henry, Earl 
 of Arundel. 2d, Margaret Audley, daughter of Thomas, Lord 
 Audley. 3d, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Francis Leyburne. Exe- 
 cuted 1572. 
 
 Children : — 
 Philip Howard, nineteenth Earl of Arundel, only child by 
 Mary, who died at 16. 
 (By second wife) : — 
 Thomas Howard, Earl of Suffolk ; died 1626. 
 William Howard (called Belted Will), married Elizabeth Dacre ; 
 
 died 1640. 
 Margaret Howard, married Lord Sackville, son of Sir Thomas, 
 
 who was nephew of Sir Thomas Boleyn. 
 Elizabeth Howard, died in infancy. 
 
 The fourth Duke's third wife left him again a widower at 
 the age of thirty- seven, when he wished to marry Mary, 
 Queen of Scotland. 
 Thomas Howard, Earl of Suffolk, second son of fourth Duke, 
 married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Henry Knevet ; died 
 1626. Issue: Theophilus, became Earl of Suffolk, and 
 died 1640. Thomas, Earl of Berkshire, died 1669. Henry, 
 married Elizabeth Basset. Sir Charles. Sir Robert. Sir 
 William. Sir Edward, died 1675. Elizabeth, married Wil- 
 liam, Earl of Banbury; 2d, Edward, Lord Vaux. Frances, 
 married Robert, Earl of Essex ; divorced ; and married 
 Robert Carr, Earl of Somerset. Katherine, married Wil- 
 liam Cecil, second Earl of Salisbury. Margaret, died in 
 childhood. 
 
 Philip Howard, Nineteenth Earl of Arundel. Son of fourth Duke. 
 Married Anne Dacre, sister to the wife of William Howard. Died 
 in prison, 1595. 
 
 His son Thomas was born when he was in prison, in 1592, and 
 they never saw each other. 
 
 Thomas Howard, Twentieth Earl of Arundel. Son of Philip. Mar- 
 ried Alethea, daughter of Gilbert, Earl of Shrewsbury. Died 
 1646. 
 
 He collected the celebrated Arundelian Marbles ; presided at the 
 trial of Stafford, 1641. His third son, Sir William, married 
 Mary, daughter of Henry, Lord Stafford. His eldest son, 
 Lord Maltravers, died in 1624. 
 
NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 33 
 
 Frederick Henry Howard, Twenty-first Earl of Arundel. Second 
 son. Married Elizabeth Stuart, daughter of Esme, Duke of 
 Lennox. Died 1652. 
 
 He had eight sons, of whom Thomas and Henry became Dukes 
 of Norfolk. Colonel Bernard Howard, the eighth son, 
 was the ancestor of the present Duke ; and Philip became 
 Cardinal Howard ; and Charles, the fourth son, ancestor of 
 the tenth Duke. 
 
 Thomas Howard, Twenty-second Earl of Arundel and Fifth Duke. 
 Son. The dukedom restored. He was insane. Died 1677. 
 
 Henry Howard, Sixth Duke. Brother. Married Anne Somerset, 
 daughter of Edward, Marquis of Worcester. Died 1684. 
 Henry presented the Arundelian Marbles to Oxford. 
 
 Henry Howard, Seventh Duke. Son. Married a daughter of the 
 Earl of Peterborough, and divorced. Died 1701. 
 
 Thomas Howard, Eighth Duke. Nephew. Died without issue, 1732. 
 
 Edward Howard, Ninth Duke. Brother. Died 1777 at the age of 93. 
 
 Charles Howard, Tenth Duke. Descendant of Charles, fourth son 
 of the twenty-first Earl. Died 1786. 
 
 Charles Howard, Eleventh Duke. Son. Friend of C. J. Fox. No 
 issue. Died 1815. 
 
 Bernard Edward Howard, Twelfth Duke. Descended from Colonel 
 Howard, eighth son of twenty-first Earl. Died 1842. 
 
 Edward Howard, the Roman Monsignor, descended from his 
 brother. 
 
 Henry Charles Howard, Thirteenth Duke. Son. Died 1856. 
 
 Henry Granville Fitzalan Howard, Fourteenth Duke. Son. Died 
 1860. 
 
 Henry Fitzalan Howard, Fifteenth Duke. Son. Present Duke, 
 Age in 1889, 40 years. 
 
 EARLS OF PEMBROKE. 
 
 Gilbert Marshall. Was proposed as Earl Marshal in the time of 
 Henry I. 
 
 John Marshall, First Earl. Son. Was a partisan of Maud in the 
 reign of Stephen. Became Earl of Pembroke and Earl Marshal 
 to Henry II. 
 
 John Marshall, Second Earl. Son. Bore the gilt spurs at the coro- 
 nation of Richard I., and died in 1197. 
 
 A grandson of his, named John Marshall, was made Marshal 
 of Ireland by King John. 
 
34 NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 
 
 William Marshall, Third Earl. Brother. Married Isabel, daughter 
 of Richard de Clare, Earl of Strigul (Shepston) in Wales. 
 
 His brother, Henry Marshall, was Bishop of Exeter. 
 Issue : — 
 
 William, Richard, Gilbert, Walter, and Anselm, all died 
 without issue. 
 
 Maud, married Hugh Bigod, Earl of Norfolk; 2d, John de 
 Warren, Earl of Surrey. 
 
 Jane, married Warine de Montchensy. 
 
 Isabel, married Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester, and after- 
 wards to Richard, Earl of Cornwall, son of John I. 
 
 Sybel, married William de Ferrers, Earl of Derby. 
 
 Eve, married William de Brabuse. 
 
 This Earl William was the guardian of England under 
 Henry III. until he died, 1219. 
 
 William Marshall, Fourth Earl. Son. Married Eleanor, sister of 
 Henry III. ; she afterwards married Simon Montfort, Earl of Leices- 
 ter. Died in 1231. 
 
 Richard Marshall, Fifth Earl. Brother. Rebelled against Henry III. , 
 and was killed in Ireland in 1234. 
 
 Gilbert Marshall, Sixth Duke. Brother. Married, in 1235, Mar- 
 garet, sister of the King of Scotland. Thrown from his horse 
 and killed in 1241. 
 
 Walter Marshall, Seventh Earl. Brother. Married Margaret 
 Quincy, widow of John, Earl of Lincoln. Died 1246. 
 
 His brother Anselm dying a few weeks later, the direct male 
 line became extinct. 
 
 William de Valence, First Earl. Half-brother to Henry III. Mar- 
 ried Joan, daughter of Jane Marshall and Warine de Montchensy, 
 and granddaughter of the great William Marshall, Earl of Pem- 
 broke. Died in 1296. 
 
 He purchased the estate from the remaining heirs, and became 
 Earl of Pembroke. 
 Issue : — 
 John de Valence, died young. 
 William, slain in Ireland before his father's death. 
 Aymer de Valence, became Earl. 
 Agnes or Anne, married Maurice Fitz Gerald, Hugh de Baillol, 
 
 and John de Avennes. 
 Isabel, married John de Hastings. 
 Joan, married John Comyn of Badenagh. 
 
 Aymer de Valence (called "Joseph the Jew" by Gaveston), Second 
 Earl. Son. Married, 1st, Beatrice, daughter of Ralph de Neal, 
 Constable of France. 2d, a daughter of the Earl of Barre. 
 3d, Mary, daughter of Guy, Earl of St. Paul. Murdered in 
 France, 1323, leaving no issue. 
 
NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 35 
 
 Laurence de Hastings, First Earl. Grandson of Isabel de Valence 
 and John de Hastings. Became Earl of Pembroke, and married 
 Agnes, daughter of Roger Mortimer, Earl of March. 
 Agnes' sister Catherine was Countess of Warwick. 
 
 John Hastings, Second Earl. Son. Married, 1st, Margaret, daugh- 
 ter of Edward III. 2d, Anne, daughter of Sir Walter Manney, 
 and granddaughter of Thomas of Brotherton. Died 1373. 
 
 John Hastings, Third Earl. Son. Married Philippa, daughter of 
 Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March. He had previously married 
 Elizabeth, sister of Henry IV., but was divorced. Died 1390, 
 childless. 
 
 The estate passed into the hands of the Beauchamp family. 
 From a branch of the family of Hastings in the reign of King 
 John was descended the William Hastings of the reign of 
 Edward IV., and from whom descended the Earls of Hunt- 
 ingdon. 
 
 Jasper Tudor, Earl. Was created Earl of Pembroke in the reign 
 of Henry VI., but was attainted by Edward IV. after the taking of 
 Pembroke Castle in 1402. He married Katiierine, widow of the 
 Duke of Buckingham, and sister of Elizabeth Woodville. He was 
 made Duke of Bedford by his nephew, Henry VII. , and died 1496. 
 His father, Owen Tudor, who was executed 1461, married the 
 
 widow of Henry V. 
 Jasper Tudor had one illegitimate daughter, Ellen, who married 
 William Gardiner of London. 
 William Herbert, First Earl. He took Pembroke Castle in 1462, 
 and was created Earl of Pembroke in 1468. Married Anne Dev- 
 ereux, daughter of Sir Walter Devereux. Killed 1469. 
 Issue : — 
 Maud, married Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland. 
 Katherine. Henry, Earl of Richmond, wished to marry first 
 
 Maud, and afterwards Katherine. 
 William Herbert, married Mary, sister of Elizabeth Wood- 
 ville, queen of Edward IV. 
 Walter Herbert. 
 
 Sir Richard Herbert of Ewyas, illegitimate son by Maud 
 Howell Graunt. This Sir Richard married Margaret, daugh- 
 ter of Sir Mathew Cradock. His son William became the 
 third Earl of Pembroke of the family of Herbert. 
 William Herbert, Second Earl. Son of first Earl. Created Earl of 
 Huntingdon 1479. Died 1491. 
 
 Elizabeth, his only child, married Sir Charles Somerset, natural 
 son of Duke Henry Beaufort. Sir Charles afterwards became 
 Earl of Worcester, and from whom the Dukes of Beaufort 
 are descended. 
 William Herbert, Third Earl. Son of Sir Richard of Ewyas. Cre- 
 ated Earl in 1551. Married Anne Parr, sister to Queen Catherine 
 Parr. Died 1570. 
 
36 NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 
 
 Henry, his first son, was engaged to marry Catherine Grey. 
 Edward, second son, married Eleanor, daughter of Henry, Earl 
 of Northumberland. Head of Earl Powis family. 
 
 Henry Herbert, Fourth Earl. Son. After divorce from Catherine 
 Grey, he married Catherine, daughter of George, Earl of Shrews- 
 bury. He afterwards married Mary, daughter of Sir Henry Sid- 
 ney. (For Sidney's sister, see Johnson.) Died 1601. 
 
 William Herbert, Fifth Earl. Son. Married Lady Mary Talbot. 
 Died 1630. 
 
 Philip Herbert, Sixth Earl. Brother. Married, 1st, Susan de Vere, 
 daughter of the Earl of Oxford. 2d, Anne Clifford, daughter of 
 the Earl of Cumberland, and widow of the Earl of Dorset. Died 
 1650. 
 
 Philip Herbert, Seventh Earl. Son. Married daughter of Sir Rob- 
 ert Naunton, and, 2d, Catherine, daughter of Sir William Villiers. 
 Died 1669. 
 
 William Herbert, Eighth Earl. Son. Died unmarried, 1674. 
 
 Philip Herbert, Ninth Earl. Brother. Married a sister of the Duchess 
 of Portsmouth. Died 1683. 
 
 Thomas Herbert, Tenth Earl. Brother. Was Lord Admiral. Mar- 
 ried daughter of Sir Robert Sawyer. Died 1733. 
 
 Henry Herbert, Eleventh Earl. Son of Thomas. Died 1751. 
 
 Henry Herbert, Twelfth Earl. Son. Died 1794. 
 
 George Augustus Herbert, Thirteenth Earl. Son. Married, 1st, 
 daughter of Topham Beauclerk. 2d, Catherine, daughter of Count 
 Woronzow. Died 1827. 
 
 His second son, Sidney Herbert, was created Lord Herbert of 
 Lea. His daughter married the Marquis of Lansdowne. 
 
 Robert Henry Herbert, Fourteenth Earl. Son. Died 1862. 
 
 George Robert Charles Herbert, Fifteenth Earl. Nephew ; son of 
 Lord Herbert of Lea. 
 
 MONTACUTES, EARLS OF SALISBURY. 
 
 William de Montacute, First Earl. Created Earl in 1337, King of 
 the Isle of Man in 1343. Prisoner of France in 1340. Married 
 Catherine Grandison, said to have been a favorite of Edward III., 
 and the cause of the establishment of the Order of the Garter. 
 Died 1344. 
 
 Issue : — 
 William, became second Earl. 
 Sir John. His son became third Earl. 
 Sybil, married Edmund, son of the Earl of Arundel. 
 
NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 37 
 
 Philippa, married Roger Mortimer, second Earl of March. 
 Elizabeth, married Giles, Lord Badlesmere. 
 Agnes, never married. 
 William de Montacute, Second Earl. Son. Married, 1st, Joan, 
 the "Fair Maid of Kent," daughter of Edmund, son of Edward I. 
 2d, Elizabeth, daughter of John de Mohun of Dunster. Died 
 1397. No issue. 
 j>hn de Montacute, Third Earl. Nephew. Married Maud, daugh- 
 ter of Sir Adam Francis, and widow of John Aubrey. Beheaded 
 1400. 
 
 Issue : — 
 Thomas. Richard. 
 
 Anne, married, 1st, Sir Richard Ilankford ; 2d, Sir John Fitz- 
 Lewis ; 3d, John Holland, Earl of Huntingdon and Duke of 
 Exeter. 
 Margaret, married Lord William Ferrers of Groby. 
 Elizabeth, married Lord Robert Willoughby of Eresby. 
 Thomas de Montacute, Fourth Earl. Son. Married, 1st, Eleanor, 
 daughter of Thomas Holland, Earl of Kent. 2d, Alice, daughter 
 of Thomas Chaucer, son of the poet ; she was widow of Sir John 
 Philips, and afterwards married William de la Pole, Duke of Suf- 
 folk. Killed in France in 1428. 
 Issue : — 
 Alice, married Richard Neville, son of Ralph, Earl of West- 
 moreland. Richard Neville took the title of Earl of Salis- 
 bury after his father-in-law's death. 
 
 BOHUNS, EARLS OF HEREFORD. 
 
 Humphrey de Bohun. The second generation from the Conquest. 
 Married Margaret, daughter and heir of Milo, Earl of Hereford. 
 Died 1187. 
 
 Humphrey de Bohun, First Earl. Son. Inherited the earldom 
 through his mother. Married Margaret, daughter of Henry, Earl 
 of Huntingdon, and sister of William, King of Scotland. Died 1200. 
 
 Henry de Bohun, Second Earl. Son. Married Maud, daughter and 
 heir of Geoffrey Fitz- Piers, Earl of Essex. Died on a voyage to 
 the Holy Land, 1220. 
 
 Humphrey de Bohun, Third Earl. Son. Married, 1st, Maud, 
 daughter of the Earl of Ewe. 2d, Maud de Avenebury. Died 
 1275. 
 
 Humphrey de Bohun, Fourth Earl. Grandson. Died 1298. 
 
 His mother was a granddaughter of William Marshall, Earl of 
 Pembroke. 
 
 Humphrey de Bohun, Fifth Earl. Son. Married Elizabeth, daugh- 
 ter of Edward I., and widow of John, Earl of Holland. Killed 1321. 
 
38 NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 
 
 Issue : — 
 Humphrey, died young. 
 John. Edward. Hu3Iphret. 
 
 William, who became Earl of Northampton, and died 1360. 
 Eneas and Margaret, who died young. 
 Margaret, married Hugh de Courtney, son of the Earl of 
 
 Devonshire. 
 Eleanor. Isabel. 
 
 John de Bohun, Sixth Earl. Son. Married, 1st, Alice, daughter 
 of Edmund, Earl of Arundel. 2d, Margaret, daughter of Kalph, 
 Lord Basset. Died 1335. 
 
 Humphrey Bohun, Seventh Earl. Brother. Died unmarried, 1361. 
 
 Humphrey Bohun, Eighth Earl. Nephew; son of William, Earl of 
 Northampton. Married Joan, daughter of Richard, Earl of Arun- 
 del. Died 1372. 
 Issue : — 
 Eleaxor, married Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester. 
 Mary, married Henry of Bolinghroke, afterwards Henry IV. 
 
 DE VERES, EARLS OF OXFORD. 
 
 Alberic (or Aubrey) de Vere. Was a large landholder at the time 
 of the General Survey in the reign of William I. 
 
 Alberic de Vere, Junior. Son. Married Adeliza, daughter of 
 Gilbert de Clare. Died 1140. 
 
 Alberic de Vere, First Earl. Son. Died 1194. 
 
 Alberic de Vere, Second Earl. Son. Died 1215. No issue. 
 
 Robert de Vere, Third Earl. Brother. Died 1221. 
 
 Hugh de Vere, Fourth Earl. Son. Died 1263. 
 
 Robert de Vere, Fifth Earl. Son. Died 1296. 
 
 Robert de Vere, Sixth Earl. Son. Married Margaret, daughter 
 
 of Roger Mortimer, Earl of March. Died 1332. 
 John de Vere, Seventh Earl. Nephew; son of Robert's brother 
 
 Alphonso. Died 1360. 
 Thomas de Vere, Eighth Earl. Son. Married Maude, daughter of 
 
 Ralph de Ufford. Died 1371. 
 
 Robert de Vere, Ninth Earl. Son. Married Philippa, daughter of 
 Ingelram de Courcy, Earl of Bedford, who married Isabel, daugh- 
 ter of Edward III. Died in exile, 1392. 
 
 Robert was created Marquis of Dublin and Duke of Ireland by 
 Richard II. No issue. 
 
 Aubrey de Vere, Tenth Earl. Uncle. Married Alice, daughter of 
 John, Lord Fitz Walter. Died 1400. 
 
NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 39 
 
 Richard de Vere, Eleventh Earl. Son. Married Alice, daughter 
 of Sir Richard Sergeaux. Died 1415. 
 
 John and Robert. Robert's grandson became fifteenth Earl. 
 
 John de Vere, Twelfth Earl. Son. Married Elizabeth, daughter 
 of Sir John Howard, the younger. Executed 1461. 
 Issue : — 
 Aubrey, executed with his father in 1461. 
 John, became Earl. 
 
 George. His son George became fourteenth Earl of Oxford. 
 Richard. Thomas. Mary, became a nun. 
 Joan, married Sir William Norris. 
 Elizabeth, married William Bourchier, son of the Earl of Essex. 
 
 John de Vere, Thirteenth Earl. Son. Married, 1st, Margaret, 
 daughter of Richard Neville, Earl of Salisbury. 2d, Elizabeth, 
 daughter of Sir Richard Scrope. Died 1513. 
 
 Sent prisoner to the Castle of Ham. Commanded the van of 
 
 the army for Henry VII. at the battle of Bosworth. 
 (This is the Philipson in Scott's novel of "Anne of Geierstein.") 
 
 John de Vere, Fourteenth Earl. Nephew. Married Anne, daughter 
 of Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk. Died 1527. No issue. 
 
 John de Vere, Fifteenth Earl. Grandson of Robert, the second son 
 of the eleventh Earl. Married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Edward 
 Trussel. Died 1540. 
 Issue : — 
 John. Aubrey. Aubrey's grandson became nineteenth Earl 
 of Oxford. 
 
 John de Vere, Sixteenth Earl. Son. Married, 1st, Dorothy, daugh- 
 ter of Ralph Neville, Earl of Westmoreland. 2d, Margaret, sister 
 of Sir Edward Golding. Died 1562. 
 
 Edward de Vere, Seventeenth Earl. Son. Married, 1st, Anne, 
 daughter of William Cecil, Lord Burghley. 2d, Elizabeth, daugh- 
 ter of Thomas Trentham. Died 1604. 
 Issue by first wife : — 
 Elizabeth, married William, Earl of Derby. 
 Bridget, married Francis Norris, Earl of Berkshire. 
 Susan, married Philip Herbert, Earl of Montgomery. 
 
 By second wife : — 
 Henry, became Earl. 
 
 Henry de Vere, Eighteenth Earl. Son. Married Diana, daughter 
 of William Cecil, Earl of Exeter. No issue. Died at Breda, 1625. 
 
 Robert de Vere, Nineteenth Earl. Grandson of Aubrey, second 
 son of fifteenth Earl. Married Beatrice of Friesland. Slain at 
 Maestricht. 
 
 Aubrey de Vere, Twentieth Earl. Son. Married Anne, daughter 
 of Paul, Viscount Banning. 
 
40 NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 
 
 EARLS OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Robert de Clare, First Earl. Illegitimate son of Henry II. Married 
 Maud, daughter of Robert Fitz Hamon of Gloucester. Died 1147. 
 Issue : — 
 William, Earl of Gloucester. 
 Roger, Bishop of Worcester; died 1179. 
 Hamon, died 1159. 
 Philip. His daughter Maud married Ranulf, Earl of Chester. 
 
 William de Clare, Second Earl. Son. Married Hawtse, daughter 
 of Robert, Earl of Leicester. Died 1173. 
 Issue : — 
 Robert, died in his father's lifetime. 
 Mary, married Earl of Evreux in Normandy. 
 Amice, married Richard de Clare, Earl of Hertford and Clare, 
 
 cousin to Richard Strongbow, Earl of Pembroke. 
 Isabel, married King John ; afterwards to Hubert de Burgh, 
 the Guardian of England. 
 
 King John was Earl of Gloucester. 
 
 Almaric de Clare, Third Earl. Son of Mary. Married the daugh- 
 ter of Hugh de Gurney. Died without issue. 
 
 Gilbert de Clare, Fourth Earl. Son of Amice and Richard de Clare ; 
 this Richard de Clare was a descendant of Geoffrey, son of Richard 
 the Fearless, Duke of Normandy. Married Isabel, daughter of 
 William Marshall, the elder, Earl of Pembroke ; she afterwards 
 married Richard, Earl of Cornwall. Died 1229. 
 Issue : — 
 Richard. William, died from poison in 1257. 
 Gilbert. Amicia, married Baldwin, fourth Earl of Devonshire. 
 Agnes. Isabel, married Robert de Brus (or Bruce). . 
 
 Richard de Clare, Fifth Earl. Son. Was contracted to Margaret, 
 daughter of the great Hubert de Burgh, Earl of Kent; married 
 Maud, daughter of John de Lacy, Earl of Lincoln. Died 1262. 
 Issue : — 
 Gilbert the Red. Thomas. 
 
 Gilbert de Clare (The Red), Sixth Earl. Son. Married Alice, 
 daughter of Guy of Angoleme, who was half-brother to Henry III., 
 and brother to William de Valence. He was divorced, and married 
 Joan, daughter of Edward I., who married, after the Earl's death, 
 Ralph de Monthermer, who was created Earl of Worcester ; he also 
 used the title Earl of Gloucester. Died 1295. 
 Issue : — 
 
 Gilbert. 
 
 Eleanor, married Hugh de Despenser, the younger. 
 
 Margaret, married Piers Gaveston and Hugh de Audley. 
 
 Elizabeth, married John de Burgh, son of the Earl of Ulster. 
 
NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 41 
 
 Gilbert de Clare, Seventh Earl. Son. Five years old at his father's 
 death. Married Maud, daughter of John de Burgh by his first 
 wife. Slain at Bannockburn, 1314. 
 
 His son John died during the Earl's lifetime, leaving his aunts 
 heirs. 
 
 Hugh de Audley, Eighth Earl. Brother-in-law. Created Earl 1338. 
 Married Margaret, daughter of Gilbert the Bed, Earl of Glouces- 
 ter, widow of Piers Gaveston. Died 1344. 
 Issue : — 
 Margaret, married Ralph, Lord Stafford. 
 
 Hugh le Despenser (the younger), who married Eleanor, daughter 
 of Gilbert the Red ; she afterwards married William la Zouch. Was 
 executed 1320. 
 Issue : — 
 Hugh. 
 
 Edward ; his son Edward succeeded his uncle Hugh. 
 Gilbert. 
 Isabel, married Richard, Earl of Arundel. 
 
 Hugh le Despenser. Son. Married Elizabeth, daughter of Wil- 
 liam, Earl of Salisbury. Died 1350. No issue. 
 
 Edward Despenser. Nephew. Married Elizabeth, daughter of 
 Bartholomew Burghersh. Died 1370. 
 Issue : — 
 Thomas. Cicely, died young. 
 
 Elizabeth, married John Arundel ; 2d, Lord Zouch. 
 Anne, married Hugh Hastings ; 2d, Thomas Morley. 
 Margaret, married Robert Ferrers. 
 
 The title remained with the crown until Richard II. created 
 Thomas of Woodstock (his uncle) Earl of Gloucester in 1380. 
 He died in 1397. 
 
 Thomas Despenser. Son of the above Edward. Created Earl of 
 Gloucester 1397. Married Constance, daughter of Edmund of 
 Langley, Duke of York. Executed 1400. 
 Issue : — 
 Richard, married Elizabeth, daughter of Ralph, Earl of West- 
 moreland ; she afterwards married Henry Percy, Earl of 
 Northumberland. Died 1414. No issue. 
 Elizabeth, died in childhood. 
 
 Isabel, married, 1st, Richard Beauchamp, Earl of Worcester; 
 2d, Richard Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick. 
 
 The title again came to the crown, and was enjoyed by — 
 
 1. Humphrey. Son of Henry IV. Died 1447. 
 
 2. Richard. Son of the Great Duke of York. Afterwards Richard III. 
 
 Died 1485. 
 
 3. Henry Stuart. Son of Charles I. Died 1000, aged 20. 
 
42 NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 
 
 NEVILLES, EARLS OF WESTMORELAND, SALISBURY, AND 
 WARWICK. 
 
 The Nevilles sprang from a Neville who was Admiral to William I. 
 
 Ralph de Neville, Lord of Raby. Married Alice, daughter of Lord 
 Hugh Audley. Died 1307. 
 Issue : — 
 John de Neville. 
 Sir Robert de Neville. 
 Sir William de Neville. 
 
 John de Neville, Lord Raby. Son. Married 1st, Maud, daughter 
 of Lord Percy. Elizabeth, daughter and heir of William, Lord 
 Latimer; she afterwards married Sir Robert Willoughby. Died 
 1389. He was with Sir Walter Manney during the wars in France. 
 
 Issue by first wife : — 
 Ralph. In 1397 he became Earl of Westmoreland. 
 
 Issue by second wife : — 
 John, became Lord Latimer, but died without issue. 
 Thomas, married Joan, daughter of William, Lord Furnival, 
 
 and became Lord Furnival ; died 140G. His daughter Maud 
 
 married the great John Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury. 
 Alice. 
 Ralph Neville, First Earl of Westmoreland. Son. Married, 1st, 
 Margaret, daughter of Hugh, Earl Stafford. 2d, Joan, daughter 
 of John of Gaunt, and widow of Sir Robert Ferrers. Died 1425. 
 
 Issue by first wife : — 
 John, died before his father, leaving his son Ralph to succeed ; 
 
 married Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Holland ; died 1423. 
 Ralph, married Mary, daughter of Sir Robert Ferrers. 
 Maud, married Peter, Lord Morley. 
 Alice, married Sir Thomas Grey of Heton, and Sir Gilbert de 
 
 Lancaster. 
 Philippa, married Thomas, Lord Dacres of Gillesland. 
 Margaret, married Richard, Lord Scrope of Bolton. 
 Anne, married Sir Gilbert Humphreyville. 
 Margery, became Abbess of Berking. 
 Elizabeth, a nun. 
 
 Issue by second wife : — 
 Richard, Earl of Salisbury, married Alice, only daughter of 
 
 Thomas, Earl of Salisbury. 
 William, Lord Fauconberg, married Joan, daughter of Sir 
 
 Thomas Fauconberg. 
 George, Lord Latimer, married Elizabeth, third daughter of 
 
 Richard Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick. 
 Edward, Lord Abergavenny, married, 1st, Elizabeth, only child 
 
 of Richard Beauchamp, Earl of Worcester; 2d, Katherine, 
 
 daughter of Sir Robert Howard. 
 
NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 43 
 
 Robert, Bishop of Durham. 
 
 Cuthbert, died without issue. 
 
 Henry, died without issue. 
 
 Thomas, died without issue. 
 
 Catherine, married John Mowbrey, Duke of Norfolk, and, 2d, 
 
 to John Woodville, son of .Richard, Earl Rivers. 
 Eleanor (Elizabeth), married Richard, Lord Spencer, and 
 
 Henry, Earl of Northumberland. 
 Anne, married Humphrey Stafford, Duke of Buckingham, and 
 
 Walter Blount, Lord Montjoy. 
 Jane, became a nun. 
 Cicely, married Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York. 
 
 Ralph Neville, Second Earl of Westmoreland. Grandson ; son of 
 the first Earl's eldest son, John. Married, 1st, Elizabeth, daugh- 
 ter of Henry Percy (Hotspur). 2d, Margaret, daughter of Sir 
 Reginald Cobham. Died 1484. 
 
 His son, John Neville, married Anne, daughter of John Hol- 
 land, second Duke of Exeter, and died 1450. No issue. 
 Ralph's brother John then married the widow Anne, and was 
 slain 1461, leaving a son Ralph. 
 
 Ralph Neville, Third Earl. Son of John. Succeeded his uncle 
 Ralph, the second Earl. 
 
 Ralph Neville, Fourth Earl. Grandson of third Earl. Married 
 Catherine, daughter of Edward Stafford, Duke of Buckingham. 
 Died 1549. 
 
 Issue : — 
 
 Henry, became Earl. 
 
 Sir Thomas. Edward. Christopher. Ralph. 
 
 George. Cuthbert. Eleanor. Joan. Ursula. 
 
 Dorothy, married John de Vere, Earl of Oxford. 
 
 Mary, married Sir Thomas Danby. 
 
 Margaret, married Henry Manners, Earl of Rutland. 
 
 Elizabeth, married Thomas, Lord Dacres. 
 
 Eleanor, married Sir Brian Stapleton. 
 
 Anne, married Sir Fouke Greville. 
 
 Henry Neville, Fifth Earl. Son. Married, 1st, Jane, daughter of 
 Thomas Manners, Earl of Rutland. 2d, Margaret, daughter 
 of Sir Richard Cholmley. Died 1563. 
 Issue : — 
 Charles, became sixth Earl. 
 Eleanor, married William Pelham. 
 Katherine, married Sir John Constable. 
 Adeline. Mary. Margaret. Elizabeth. 
 
 Charles Neville, Sixth Earl. Son. Married Jane, daughter of 
 Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey. Died in exile. 
 Issue : — 
 Catherine. Eleanor. Margaret. Anne. 
 
44 NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 
 
 Richard Neville, Earl of Salisbury. Oldest son of the first Earl 
 
 of Westmoreland by his second marriage. Married Alice, only 
 
 daughter of Thomas de Montacute, Earl of Salisbury. Killed at 
 
 • the battle of Wakefield, 1460. 
 
 Issue : — 
 
 Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick, and, after his father. Earl 
 
 of Salisbury. 
 John Neville, Marquis of Mountague, married Isabel Ingolds- 
 thorpe, and was slain in 1471. Issue : George Neville, cre- 
 ated Duke of Bedford, and died in 1483 ; he was degraded 
 by Parliament in Edward IV. as being too poor to support 
 the dignity. John Neville, died without issue. Anne, mar- 
 ried Sir William Stoner. Elizabeth, married Thomas, Lord 
 Scrope of Masham. Margaret, married Sir John Mortimer. 
 Lucy, married Thomas Fitz- Williams, and Sir Anthony 
 Brown. Isabel, married Sir William Huddleston. 
 Sir Thomas, married the widow of Lord Willoughby ; killed at 
 
 Wakefield, 1460. 
 George Neville, Archbishop of York. 
 Joan, married William Fitz-Alan, Earl of Arundel. 
 Cicely, married Henry Beauchamp, Duke of Warwick. 
 Alice, married Lord Henry Eitz-Hugh. 
 
 Eleanor, married Thomas Stanley, afterwards Earl of Derby. 
 Katherine, married Lord William Bonville, who was slain at 
 Wakefied, 1460. His father was beheaded at St. Albans, 
 1455. (See Bulwer's "Last of the Barons.") Their daugh- 
 ter Cicely married Thomas Grey, Marquis of Dorset, and 
 Henry, Earl of Wiltshire. 
 Margaret, married John de Vere, Earl of Oxford, and after- 
 wards Lord William Hastings. 
 Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick. " The Last of the Barons." Son 
 of Richard Neville, Earl of Salisbury. Married Anne, daughter of 
 Richard Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, and heir to her brother 
 Henry, Duke of Warwick. Slain 1471. 
 Issue : — 
 Isabel, married George, Duke of Clarence, brother of Edward 
 IV., murdered 1477. They had one daughter, Margaret, 
 married to Sir Richard Pole, and a son, Edward Plantagenet. 
 For Margaret's children, see the Poles. 
 Anne, married Edward, son of Henry VI., slain in 1471; 
 2d, Richard III., slain 1485. 
 Ed-ward Plantagenet, Earl of Warwick. Was confined in the 
 Tower, and beheaded in 1499. 
 
 DAVID, EARL OF HUNTINGDON. 
 
 After the Waltheof, Earl of Northumberland and Huntingdon, 
 who married Judith, the Conqueror's niece, — 
 
NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 45 
 
 David. Son of Malcolm III., and brother of Alexander I. Became 
 Earl of Huntingdon, and afterwards King of Scotland. Married 
 Maud, daughter of Waltheof. Died 1153. 
 
 Henry I. of England married his sister Matilda. 
 
 Henry. Son of David. Married Ada, sister of William, Earl of 
 Warren. Died before his father in 1152. 
 
 Issue : — 
 Malcolm IV., became King of Scotland after his grandfather 
 
 David ; died 11G5. 
 William the Lion, became King after his brother, Malcolm IV. ; 
 
 died 1214. 
 David, Earl of Huntingdon. 
 Ada, married Eloris, Earl of Holland. 
 Margaret, married Conan le Petit, Earl of Brittany. 
 Maud, died young. 
 
 David, Earl of Huntingdon. Third son ; great-grandson of Malcolm 
 III. Married Maud, daughter of Hugh Kavelioc, Earl of Chester. 
 Died 1219. 
 
 Issue : — 
 
 Henry, died before his father. 
 
 David, died before his father. 
 
 John, Earl of Chester. No issue. Poisoned by his wife in 1244. 
 
 Maud, married John de Monmouth. She died without issue. 
 
 Margaret, married Alan of Galoway. Their daughter married 
 John Balliol, whose son, John Balliol, became King of 
 Scotland. 
 
 Isabel, married Robert de Bruce, Lord Anandale, whose son 
 claimed the crown in 1286. His grandson obtained the crown 
 as Robert I. in 1306. 
 
 Ada, married Henry de Hastings. Their grandson also con- 
 tended for the crown. 
 
 EARLS STAFEORD AND DUKES OF BUCKINGHAM. 
 
 Ralph Stafford, First Earl. He was created Earl of Stafford after 
 the battle of Crecy. Married Margaret, only daughter of Hugh 
 de Auclley, Earl of Gloucester. Died 1372. 
 Issue : — 
 Ralph, married Maud, daughter of Henry of Lancaster, Earl of 
 
 Derby, and died during his father's lifetime. 
 Hugh, became Earl. 
 Beatrice, married Maurice Fitz- Thomas, son of the Earl of 
 
 Desmond. 
 Joan, married Sir John Charlton. 
 Elizabeth, married Fouke, son of Roger le Strange. 
 Margaret, married Sir John Stafford. 
 
46 NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 
 
 Hugh Stafford, Second Earl. Son. Married Philippa, daughter of 
 Thomas Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick. Died 1386. 
 Issue : — 
 Thomas, became Earl. 
 
 Edmund, became Earl after his brother Thomas. 
 William. Hugh, became Lord Bourchier. 
 Ralph, murdered by John Holland, half-brother to Richard II. 
 Margaret, married Ralph Neville, first Earl of Westmoreland. 
 Catherine, married Michael, son of Michael de la Pole. 
 Joan, married Thomas Holland, Earl of Kent. 
 
 Thomas Stafford, Third Earl. Son. Married Anne, daughter of 
 Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester. Died 1394. No issue. 
 
 Edmund Stafford, Eourth Earl. Brother. Married Anne of Wood- 
 stock, his brother's widow; she afterwards married William Bour- 
 chier. Slain at Shrewsbury, 1403. 
 Issue : — 
 Humphrey, became Earl, and created Duke. 
 Anne, married Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March, and after- 
 wards John Holland, Earl of Huntingdon. 
 Philippa, died in childhood. 
 Humphrey Stafford, Fifth Earl. Son. Created Duke of Bucking- 
 ham, 1414. Married Anne, daughter of Ralph Neville, first Earl of 
 Westmoreland. Slain at Northampton in 1460. 
 Issue : — 
 Humphrey, Earl Stafford, married Margaret, daughter of Ed- 
 mund, Duke of Somerset; slain at St. Albans, 1455. He 
 had two sons, — Henry, who became Duke, and Humphrey. 
 Richard, died in childhood. 
 Sir Henry Stafford, married Margaret Beaufort, mother of 
 
 Henry VII. 
 Edmund. George, William, the last two being twins. 
 John, Earl of Wiltshire. 
 
 Anne, married Aubrey de Vere, and, 2d, Thomas, son of Regi- 
 nald, Lord Cobham. 
 Joan, married William, Viscount Beaumont ; 2d, William Knevet. 
 Elizabeth. Margaret. 
 
 Katherine, married John Talbot, third Earl of Shrewsbury. 
 Henry Stafford, Second Duke of Buckingham. Grandson. Married 
 Katherine Woodville, sister to the queen of Edward IV. Exe- 
 cuted 1483. 
 
 Issue : — 
 Edward, became Duke. 
 Henry, Earl of Wiltshire, married Muriel, sister of John Grey, 
 
 Viscount Lisle. 
 Humphrey, died young. 
 
 Elizabeth, married Robert Ratcliffe, Earl of Sussex. 
 Anne, married Sir Walter Herbert ; 2d, George, Earl of Hunt- 
 ingdon. 
 
NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 47 
 
 Edward Stafford, Third Duke. Son. Married Eleanor, daughter 
 of Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland. Beheaded 1521. 
 Issue : — 
 Henry, married Ursula, daughter of Margaret Pole, Countess 
 
 of Salisbury, daughter of George, Duke of Clarence. 
 Elizabeth, married Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk. 
 Katherine, married Ralph Neville, Earl of Westmoreland. 
 Mary, married George Neville, Lord Abergavenney. 
 
 Henry Stafford. Son. Married, as above. Was restored in blood 
 as Baron Stafford. The male line died out a few generations later, 
 leaving the representatives of the Staffords through female lines in 
 the Howard family. 
 
 EARLS OF CHESTER. 
 
 The first Earl of Chester after the Norman Conquest was Gerbod, 
 a Flemming, son of Matilda, wife of William I. , who had pre- 
 viously married his father Gerbod. He lost it by absence from 
 England, when it was given to a cousin of Gerbod's by his 
 father's sister, who married Richard de Avranches, Governor 
 of St. James in Normandy. Gerbod the younger had a sister 
 Gundred, who married the first Earl Warren, and who is usually 
 called the sixth daughter of William the Conqueror. 
 
 Hugh de Avranches, First Earl. Son of Richard. Created Earl 
 in 1070. This Earl was called Hugh Lupus. Married Ermentrude, 
 daughter of Hugh de Cleremont. Died 1101. 
 His sister Maud's son became third Earl. 
 
 Richard, Second Earl. Son. Married Maud, daughter of Stephen, 
 Earl of Blois, by Adela, daughter of William I. Drowned 1120. 
 Both were drowned in the White Ship with William, son of 
 Henry I. 
 
 Hanulf de Mencenis, Third Earl. Cousin. Married Lucia, daugh- 
 ter of Algar, Earl of Mercia. Died 1129. 
 
 Lucia afterwards married the Earl of Lincoln. She was the 
 youngest sister of Earls Edwin and Morcar, and sister to 
 the wife of King Harold. 
 
 Ranulf. William. 
 
 Alice, married Richard Fitz Gilbert. 
 
 Agnes, married Robert de Grantmaisnil. 
 
 Ranulf de Gernons, Fourth Earl. Son. Married Maud, daughter 
 of Robert, Earl of Gloucester, son of Henry I. Died 1153. 
 He took part with the Empress Maud against Stephen. 
 
 Issue : — 
 Hugh. Richard, 
 
48 NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 
 
 Hugh Kaveliok, Fifth Earl. Son. Married Bertha, daughter of 
 the Earl of Evreaux. Died 1181. 
 
 Issue : — 
 Ranulf, became sixth Earl. 
 Maud, married David, Earl of Huntingdon, brother of William, 
 
 the Lion of Scotland. 
 Mabel, married William de Albini, Earl of Arundel. 
 Agnes, married William de Ferrers, Earl of Derby. 
 Hawys, married Robert Quincy, son of the Earl of Winchester. 
 Amicia, married Ralph de Mesnilwarin. 
 
 Ranulf Blandevll, Sixth Earl. Son. Married, 1st, Constance, 
 widow of Geoffrey, son of Henry II., and mother of Arthur. 
 2d, Clemencia, daughter of Ralph de Feugers. Died 1232. 
 
 Died without issue ; when John Scott, son of Maud and David, 
 Earl of Huntingdon, became Earl. 
 
 John Scott, Seventh Earl. Nephew. Married Helen, daughter of 
 Lewellyn, Prince of Wales. Poisoned by his wife, 1244. 
 
 Died without issue, and the earldom was annexed to the crown. 
 
 DESPENSER, 
 
 Robert, the despenser or steward to William the Conqueror, is the 
 first one of this family mentioned, after whom, for about two 
 hundred years, the descent is not perfectly marked, although 
 the family was a prominent one, and members of it were at 
 different times sheriffs of several counties. From the following 
 Hugh, in the reign of Henry III. , the descent is well known. 
 
 Hugh le Despenser, Justice of England in 1260. Married Aliva, 
 daughter of Philip Basset, and widow of Roger Bigod, Earl of 
 Norfolk. Slain at Evesham in 1265. 
 Issue : — 
 Hugh le Despenser the Elder. 
 
 Eleanor, married Hugh de Courtney, father of the first Earl of 
 Devonshire. 
 
 Hugh le Despenser, called Hugh the Senior. Son. Married Isabel, 
 daughter of William Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick. Created Earl 
 of Winchester in 1321, and executed at the age of 90 years in 1325. 
 Issue : — 
 Hugh le Despenser the Younger. 
 Joan, became a nun. 
 Eleanor, became a nun. 
 
 Hugh le Despenser, called the Younger. Son. Married Eleanor, 
 daughter of Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester. Executed in 1326. 
 Issue : — 
 Hugh le Despenser, Lord of Glamorgan. 
 
NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 49 
 
 Edward, married Anne, daughter of Henry, Lord Ferrers. 
 Gilbert. Isabel, married Richard, Earl of Arundel. 
 
 Hugh le Despenser. Son. Married Elizabeth, daughter of William 
 Montacute, Earl of Salisbury. Died 1319. No issue. 
 
 Edward le Despenser. Nephew ; son of Edward. Married Eliza- 
 beth, daughter of Bartholomew de Burghersh. Died 1376. 
 Issue : — 
 Thomas le Despenser. 
 Cicely, died young. 
 
 Elizabeth, married John Arundel and Lord Zouch. 
 Anne, married Hugh Hastings and Thomas Morley. 
 Margaret, married Robert Ferrers. 
 
 Thomas le Despenser. Son. Created Earl of Gloucester. Married 
 Constance, daughter of Edmund Langley, Duke of York. Executed 
 1400. 
 
 Issue : — 
 Richard, married Elizabeth, daughter of Ralph, Earl of West- 
 moreland. Died without issue, 1414. 
 Elizabeth, died in childhood. 
 
 Isabel, married, 1st, Richard Beauchamp, Earl of Worcester ; 
 2d, Richard Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick. 
 
 FITZ-ALAN, EARLS OF ARUNDEL. 
 
 Richard Fitz-Alan, First Earl. Son of John Fitz-Alan and Isabel 
 de Mortimer. Married Eleanor, daughter of the Marquis of Saluce 
 in Italy. Died 1302. 
 
 He was great- great- grandson of Hugh de Albini, the last Earl of 
 Arundel of that name, and, therefore, a direct descendant 
 of William Albini, who married Adelais, widow of Henry I. 
 The Castle of Arundel came into his possession as heir. 
 Issue : — 
 Edmund, became second Earl. 
 Maud, married Lord Philip Burnel. 
 Margaret, married William Boteler. 
 
 Edmund Fitz-Alan, Second Earl. Son. Married Alice, sister of 
 John, Earl of Warren and Surrey. Beheaded by the Earl of 
 March, 1326. 
 
 Issue : — 
 Richard, who became third Earl. Edmund. 
 Alice, married John de Bohun, Earl of Hereford. 
 Jane, married Warine Gerald, Lord Lisle. 
 
 Richard Fitz-Alan, Third Earl. Son. Married, 1st, Isabel, daugh- 
 ter of Hugh le Despenser ; repudiated her. 2d, Eleanor, daughter 
 of Henry, Earl of Lancaster, widow of Lord Beaumont. Died 1375. 
 
50 NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 
 
 Issue : — 
 Philippa (by first wife), married Sir Richard Sergeaux. 
 Richard. John. Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury. 
 Alice, said to have been the wife of Cardinal Beaufort before 
 
 he took orders ; 2d, Thomas Holland, Earl of Kent. 
 Eleanor, died young. 
 
 Joan, married her cousin Humphrey Bohun, Earl of Hereford. 
 Mary, married John, Lord Strange. 
 Richard Fitz-Alan, Fourth Earl. Son. Married, 1st, Elizabeth, 
 daughter of William Bohun, Earl of Northampton, and sister of 
 Humphrey, Earl of Hereford. 2d, Philippa, daughter of Edmund 
 Mortimer, Earl of March, widow of John Hastings. Executed 1397. 
 Issue : — 
 Thomas, became Earl. 
 Richard. Thomas, died young. 
 
 Jane, married William Beauchamp, Lord Abergavenny. 
 Elizabeth, married William de Montacute, son of the Earl of 
 Salisbury; 2d, Thomas Mowbrey, Earl of Nottingham; and 
 two others. 
 Alice, married Lord John Charlton of Powys. 
 Thomas Fitz-Alan, Eifth Earl. Son. Married Beatrice, illegiti- 
 mate daughter of the King of Portugal. Died 1415. No issue. 
 She afterwards became the wife of John Holland, Earl of Hun- 
 tingdon. Issue: John, William. 
 John Fitz-Alan, Sixth Earl. Great-grandson of third Earl by his 
 son John. Married Maud, daughter of Robert Lovell. Killed in 
 France, 1434. 
 Issue : — 
 Humphrey, became Earl. 
 Advice, married Sir James Ormund. 
 Humphrey Fitz-Alan, Seventh Earl. Son. Unmarried. Died 1438. 
 William Fitz-Alan, Eighth Earl. Uncle. Married Joan, daughter 
 of Richard Neville, Earl of Salisbury. Died 1487. 
 Issue : — 
 Thomas. William. George. John. Mary. 
 Thomas Fitz-Alan, Ninth Earl. Son. Married Margaret, daugh- 
 ter of Richard Woodville, sister to Elizabeth, queen of Edward IV. 
 Died 1524. 
 
 Issue : — 
 William, became Earl. Edward. 
 Margaret, married John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln, heir to 
 
 Richard III. 
 Joan, married George Neville, Lord Abergavenny. 
 William Fitz-Alan, Tenth Earl. Son. Married, 1st, Anne, sister 
 of Henry, Earl of Northumberland. 2d, Elizabeth, daughter of 
 Robert Willoughby, Lord Brooke. Died 1543. 
 Issue : — 
 Henry, became Earl. 
 
NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 51 
 
 Anne. Catherine. Margaret. Elizabeth. 
 The four daughters died unmarried. 
 Henry Fitz-Alan, Eleventh Earl. Son. Was High Steward of 
 England under Mary and Elizabeth. Married, 1st, Catherine, 
 daughter of Thomas Grey, Marquis of Dorset. 2d, Mary, daugh- 
 ter of Sir John Arundel, widow of Robert, Earl of Sussex. Died 
 1580. 
 
 Issue : — 
 
 Henry, died in his father's lifetime. 
 
 Jane, married Lord John Lumley. 
 
 Mary, married Thomas, fourth Duke of Norfolk. 
 He was succeeded in the earldom by Philip Howard, son of Thomas, 
 
 fourth Duke of Norfolk, and was called the nineteenth Earl, 
 
 counting from that William Albini who married the widow of 
 
 Henry I. 
 
 BEAUCHAMPS, EARLS OF WARWICK. 
 
 The first Earl of Warwick was Henry de Newburgh of the family 
 of Bellomont, created Earl by William the Conqueror. The 
 title continued in this family until the twenty- sixth year of the 
 reign of Henry III. , when it passed through the female line to 
 Isabella, wife of William Beauchamp, who died in 1268, and 
 whose son William became the first Earl of the Beauchamp 
 family. 
 William Beauchamp, First Earl. Son of Isabella. Died 1298. 
 Guy Beauchamp, Second Earl. Son. Was called the "Black Dog 
 of Arden" by Gaveston. Died 1315. 
 Issue : — 
 Thomas. John. Maud. Emma. Isabel. Elizabeth. Lucy. 
 Thomas Beauchamp, Third Earl. Son. Married Catherine, 
 daughter of Roger Mortimer, first Earl of March. Died in France, 
 1369. He was at the battles of Crecy and Poitiers. 
 Issue : — 
 Guy, died before his father. 
 Thomas, became fourth Earl. Raynburne. 
 William, Lord Abergavenny. (See Dugdale, Vol. L, p. 239.) 
 Roger. Maud, married Roger, Lord Clifford. 
 Philippa, married Earl Hugh Stafford. 
 Elizabeth, married Lord John Beauchamp. 
 Joan, married Lord Ralph Basset. 
 Isabel, married John, Lord Strange, and, 2d, William Ufford, 
 
 Earl of Suffolk. 
 Margaret, married Guy de Montford. 
 Agnes, married Lord Bardolf. 
 Julian, died unmarried. 
 Katherine, became a nun. 
 And two illegitimate children. 
 
52 NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 
 
 Thomas Beauchamp, Fourth Earl. Son. Married Margaret, 
 daughter of William, Lord Ferrers. Died 1401. 
 Issue : — 
 Richard, fifth Earl. 
 
 Richard Beauchamp, Fifth Earl. Guardian of Henry VI., and 
 called the "Father of Courtesy." Married, 1st, Elizabeth, daugh- 
 ter of Thomas, Lord Berkeley. 2d, Isabel, daughter of Thomas 
 le Despenser, Earl of Gloucester, and widow of his cousin Richard 
 Beauchamp, Earl of Worcester, son of his uncle William, Lord 
 Abergavenny. Died 1435. 
 
 Issue (by first wife) : — 
 Margaret, married John Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury. 
 Eleanor, married Lord Roos, and, 2d, Edmund Beaufort, Duke 
 
 of Somerset. 
 Elizabeth, married George Neville, Lord Latimer. 
 
 (By second wife) : — 
 Henry, became sixth Earl. 
 
 Anne, married Richard Neville, Earl of "Warwick" after his 
 brother-in-law. 
 
 Henry Beauchamp, Sixth Earl. Son. Married Cecily Neville, 
 sister of Richard, who became Earl of "Warwick." Died 1445, 
 at 22 years of age. 
 Issue : — 
 Anne, died unmarried in 1449. 
 The title was then claimed by Richard Neville, son of the Earl of 
 Salisbury, and who became the famous "Warwick" in the 
 reign of Edward IV. 
 
 MORTIMERS, EARLS OF MARCH. 
 
 Edmund Mortimer. Brother of Sir William and Roger, Lord 
 Chirke. Married Margaret, daughter of Sir William cle Fendles, 
 a Spaniard, and relative of Queen Eleanor. Slain in Wales, 1302. 
 Issue : — 
 Roger. John. Hugh. Walter. 
 Edmund, who was a churchman. 
 Maud. Jane. Elizabeth. 
 
 Roger Mortimer, First Earl. Son. Married Jane, daughter of Sir 
 Feter de Joinville. Executed 1330. 
 
 This was the "Gentle Mortimer," favorite of the queen of 
 Edward II. He was a ward of Fiers Gaveston. 
 Issue : — 
 Edmund. He never became Earl, as the attainder was not 
 
 reversed during his lifetime. 
 Roger, married Joan, daughter of Edmund le Botiller of Ireland. 
 Geoffrey, He called his father the King of Folly. 
 
NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 53 
 
 John. 
 
 Katherine, married Thomas Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick. 
 Joan, married James, Lord Audley. 
 
 Agnes, married Laurence Hastings, afterwards Earl of Pembroke. 
 Margaret, married Thomas, Lord Berkeley. 
 Maud, married John Charlton of Powis. 
 Blanche, married Peter de Grandison. 
 
 Beatrice, married Edward, son of Thomas Plantagenet, Earl 
 of Norfolk. 
 
 Edmund Mortimer. He was never Earl. Son. Married Elizabeth, 
 daughter of Bartholomew, Lord Baldesmere. Died 1331. 
 
 She afterwards married William de Bohun, Earl of Northampton. 
 Roger Mortimer, Second Earl. Son. Earldom restored in 1355. 
 Married Philippa, daughter of William de Montacute, first Earl of 
 Salisbury. Died in France, 1360. 
 Issue : — 
 Roger, died before his father. 
 Edmund, became third Earl. 
 
 Margaret, married Robert de Vere, Earl of Oxford. 
 Margery, married John, Lord Audley. 
 Edmund Mortimer, Third Earl. Son. Married Philippa, daughter 
 of Lionel, Duke of Clarence. Died at Cork, 1381. 
 Issue : — 
 Roger, became fourth Earl. 
 Edmund. He was taken prisoner in Wales. 
 Elizabeth, married Henry Percy (Hotspur). 
 Philippa, married John Hastings, Earl of Pembroke ; 2d, Rich- 
 ard, Earl of Arundel ; 3d, John, Lord St. John. 
 John. 
 
 Roger Mortimer, Fourth Earl. Son. Married Eleanor, daughter 
 of Thomas Holland, Earl of Kent, half-brother of Richard II. 
 Slain in Ireland, 1396. 
 
 Richard II. declared him his heir. 
 
 Eleanor afterwards married Edward Charlton. 
 
 Issue : — 
 Edmund, became fifth Earl. 
 Roger, died without issue. 
 Anne, married Richard, Earl of Cambridge, son of Edmund 
 
 Langley, Duke of York. 
 Eleanor, married Edward Courtney, son of Earl of Devonshire. 
 Edmund Mortimer, Fifth Earl. Son. Married Anne, daughter of 
 Edmund, Earl Stafford. Died 14-25. No issue. 
 
 Anne afterwards married John Holland, Earl of Huntingdon. 
 Richard Plantagenet, Sixth Earl of March and Duke of York. Son 
 of Edmund's sister Anne and Richard, Earl of Cambridge. (See 
 Duke of York.) 
 Edward Plantagenet, Seventh Earl of March. Son. Afterwards 
 King Edward IV. 
 
54 NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 
 
 THE BEAUEORTS, CHILDREN OF JOHN OF GAUNT, DUKE 
 OF LANCASTER. 
 
 John of Gaunt. Fourth son of Edward III. Married, 1st, Blanche, 
 daughter of Henry, Earl of Lancaster. 2d, Constance, daughter 
 of Peter, King of Castile. 3d, Catherine Roet Swynford, sister 
 of Chaucer's wife. Died 1398. 
 Issue (by first wife) : — 
 Philippa, married John, King of Portugal. 
 Henry of Bolingbroke, became King Henry IV. 
 Elizabeth, married, 1st, John Holland, Duke of Exeter; 
 2d, John Cornwall, Baron Fanhope. 
 (By second wife) : — 
 Catherine, married Henry III., King of Castile. 
 
 (By third wife) : — 
 John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset, and Marquis of Dorset ; 
 
 died 1410. 
 Henry Beaufort, became Cardinal, and died 1448, at 80 years 
 
 of age. 
 Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter, married Margaret, daugh- 
 ter of Thomas Neville of Hornby; died 1426. 
 Joan Beaufort, married Ralph Neville, Earl of Westmoreland, 
 grandfather of ""Warwick. 1 ' 
 John Beaufort, First Earl of Somerset. Son of Gaunt. Married 
 Margaret, daughter of Thomas Holland, second Earl of Kent. 
 Died 1410. 
 
 Margaret afterwards married Thomas, Duke of Clarence, son of 
 Henry IV. 
 Issue : — 
 Henry, became Earl. 
 John, became first Duke of Somerset. 
 Edmund, became second Duke. 
 Joan, married James I. of Scotland. 
 Margaret, married Thomas Courtney, Earl of Devonshire. 
 
 Henry Beaufort, Second Earl. Son of John. Died 1418. Left no 
 issue. 
 
 John Beaufort, First Duke of Somerset. Brother. Married Mar- 
 garet, daughter of Sir John Beauchamp of Blitso. Died 1444. 
 Margaret afterwards married Sir Leo de Wells, whose son, Sir 
 John Wells, married Cecily, daughter of Edward IV. 
 Issue : — 
 Margaret, married, 1st, Edmund, Earl of Richmond, father 
 of Henry VII. ; 2d, Henry Stafford, brother of the Duke of 
 Buckingham ; 3d, Thomas Stanley, afterwards Earl of Derby. 
 Edmund Beaufort, Second Duke. Brother. Married Eleanor, 
 daughter of Richard Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick. Killed at St. 
 Albans, 1455. 
 
NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 55 
 
 Issue : — 
 
 Henry, became third Duke. 
 
 Edmund, became fourth Duke. 
 
 John, slain at the battle of Tewksbury, 1471. 
 
 Eleanor, married James Butler, Earl of Wiltshire ; 2d, Sir 
 Robert Spencer. 
 
 Joan, married Lord Hoth ; 2d, Sir Richard Rey. 
 
 Anne, married Sir William Paston. 
 
 Margaret, married Humphrey, Earl Stafford, father of Duke 
 Henry, who was executed 1483. 
 
 Elizabeth, married Sir Henry Lewes. 
 Henry Beaufort, Third Duke. Son. Killed at Hexham, 1463. 
 
 He had one illegitimate son by Joan Hill, named Charles Som- 
 erset, afterwards Earl of Worcester. 
 Edmund Beaufort, Fourth Duke. Brother. Executed after the 
 battle of Tewksbury, 1471. No issue.' 
 
 The legitimate male line becoming extinct, the title reverted to 
 the crown, the only representative of the family being Charles 
 Somerset, who was the ancestor of the present Dukes of 
 Beaufort, which see following. 
 
 DUKES OF BEAUFORT. 
 
 Charles Somerset, First Earl of Worcester. Son of Henry Beaufort. 
 Married Elizabeth, daughter of William Herbert, Earl of Pem- 
 broke. Died 1526. 
 
 Henry Somerset, Second Earl of Worcester. Son. Died 1549. 
 
 William Somerset, Third Earl of Worcester. Son. Died 1589. 
 
 Edward Somerset, Fourth Earl of Worcester. Son. Married daugh- 
 ter of Francis, Earl of Huntingdon. Died 1628. 
 
 Their daughter Blanche married Thomas Arundel of Wardour. 
 
 Henry Somerset, Fifth Earl of Worcester. Second son. Was in 
 the Civil War. Created Marquis in 1642. Died 1646. 
 
 Edward Somerset, Second Marquis. Son. Was in the Civil War. 
 Died 1667. 
 
 Henry Somerset, First Duke of Beaufort. Son. Created Duke 
 1682. Married Mary, daughter of Arthur, Lord Capel, widow of 
 Lord Beauchamp. Died 1699. 
 
 His son Charles died one year before his father, 1698. 
 
 Henry Somerset, Second Duke. Grandson, and son of Charles. 
 Died 1714. 
 
 Henry Somerset, Third Duke. Son. Married Frances, daughter 
 of Sir James Scudamore. Died 1746. 
 
 Charles Somerset, Fourth Duke. Brother. Married Elizabeth, 
 daughter of John Berkley. Died 1756. 
 
5Q NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 
 
 Henry Somerset, Fifth Duke. Son of Charles. Died 1803. 
 
 His youngest son, Fitzroy James Henry Somerset, was the 
 Lord Raglan of the Crimean War. 
 
 Henry Charles Somerset, Sixth Duke. Son. Married Charlotte 
 Laverson Gower, daughter of the Marquis of Stafford. Died 
 1835. 
 
 His second son was Charles Henry Somerset, Lord Granville. 
 
 Henry Somerset, Seventh Duke. Son. Died 1853. 
 Henry Charles Fitzroy Somerset, Eighth Duke. Son. One of the 
 richest men in England. 
 
 EARLS OF WARREN AND SURREY. 
 
 William de Warren. Nephew of the Conqueror's great-grandmother. 
 Married Gundred, sister of Gherbode, to whom William I. gave 
 the earldom of Chester. Died 1098. 
 
 Landed with the Conqueror. He introduced the Cluniac order 
 of monks into England. 
 Issue : — 
 William, second Earl Warren. 
 Raynald. 
 Edith, married Girade de Gurney. 
 
 William de Warren. Son. Married Isabel (or Elizabeth), daugh- 
 ter of Hugh, Earl of Vermandois. Died 1135. 
 Issue : — 
 William, third Earl of Warren. 
 Reginald. Ralph. 
 
 Gundred, married Roger, Earl of Warwick. 
 Ada (or Adaline), married Henry, son of David, King of 
 Scotland. 
 
 William de Warren. Son; cousin of Hugh de Gurney. Married 
 Alinore, granddaughter of Robert de Belesme, Earl of Shrews- 
 bury. Died in the Holy Land in the expedition of Conrad the 
 Emperor. 
 
 Issue : — 
 Isabel, married, 1st, William, Earl of Moreton, son of King 
 Stephen (William died in 1160); 2d, Hameline Plantagenet, 
 illegitimate brother of Henry II. 
 
 William, son of Stephen, was Earl of Warren until his death, 
 when Hameline became Earl Warren. 
 
 Hameline Plantagenet. Married Isabel de Warren, and became 
 Earl Warren. Died 1201. 
 
 He was uncle to Richard I. and King John. 
 
 William, Earl Warren. Son. Took the surname Warren. Married, 
 1st, Maud, daughter of the Earl of Arundel. 2d, Maud, oldest 
 
NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 57 
 
 sister of Anselm Marshall, Earl of Pembroke, and widow of Hugh 
 Bigod, Earl of Norfolk. Died 1240. 
 Issue : — 
 
 John, became Earl Warren. 
 
 Isabel, married Hugh de Albini, Earl of Arundel. 
 
 John de Warren. Son. Married Alice de Valence, half-sister of 
 Henry III., and daughter of Hugh le Brun, Earl of March. Died 
 1304. 
 
 Deserted Henry III., with William de Valence, Earl of Pem- 
 broke, at the battle of Lewes. 
 Issue : — 
 William, married Joan, daughter of Eobert de Vere, Earl of 
 Oxford, and died before his father in 1286, his son John 
 succeeding as last Earl. 
 Eleanor, married Henry, Lord Percy. 
 Isabel, married John Balliol, afterwards King of Scotland. 
 
 John de Warren, last Earl Warren. Grandson. Married, 1st, Joan, 
 daughter of Henry, Earl of Baar. 2d, Isabel de Holland. Died 
 without issue by either, 1347. 
 Had five illegitimate children. 
 
 THE STANLEYS, EARLS OF DERBY 
 
 Sir John Stanley. In 1406, Henry IV. granted him possession of 
 the Isle of Man. Died 1414. 
 
 Sir John Stanley. Son. Died 1431. 
 
 Sir Thomas Stanley. Son. Created Baron Stanley by Henry VI. 
 Died 1459. 
 
 Lord Thomas Stanley, First Earl. Son. He married a sister of 
 the Earl of Warwick for his first wife. His second wife was Mar- 
 garet Beaufort, mother of Henry VII. Died 1504. 
 
 He decided the battle of Bosworth against Richard by desertion. 
 His son George, Lord Strange, whom Richard III. held as 
 
 hostage, died 1497. 
 Another son, Edward, fought at Flodden, and was the "On, 
 Stanley, on." Created "Lord Monteagle. His great-great- 
 grandson was the Lord Monteagle in the time of James I. 
 
 Thomas Stanley, Second Earl. Son of Lord Strange. Relinquished 
 the title of King of Man. Died 1522. 
 
 Edward Stanley, Third Earl. Son. Favorite of Henry VIII. Mar- 
 ried a daughter of the Duke of Norfolk. Died 1574. 
 
 Henry Stanley, Fourth Earl. Son ; grandson of the Duke of Norfolk. 
 Married Margaret Clifford, daughter of Eleanor Brandon. Died 
 1592. 
 
58 NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 
 
 Ferdinand Stanley, Fifth Earl. Son. Married Elizabeth de Vere, 
 daughter of the Earl of Oxford and Anne Cecil. Died 1594. 
 
 William Stanley, Sixth Earl. Brother. Eesigned in favor of his 
 son, 1642. 
 
 James Stanley, Seventh Earl. Son of William. This was the famous 
 Earl who was executed for assisting Charles II. Executed 1651. 
 His countess figures largely in Scott's "Peveril of the Peak." 
 
 Charles Stanley, Eighth Earl. Son. Died 1672. 
 
 William George Richard Stanley, Ninth Earl. Son. Died without 
 issue, 1702. 
 
 James Stanley, Tenth Earl. Brother. Died without issue, 1736. 
 
 The Isle of Man descended to James Murray, Duke of Athol, 
 who descended from the Seventh Earl by his daughter Amelia 
 Sophia, as nearest heir. 
 
 Sir Edward Stanley, Eleventh Earl. Descended from James, third 
 son of Lord Strange ; nearest heir to title. 
 
 Edward Smith Stanley, Twelfth Earl. Grandson. His father, 
 James, died before the eleventh Earl. Married for second wife, 
 Elizabeth Farren, the actress. Died 1834. 
 
 Edward Smith Stanley, Thirteenth Earl. Son. 
 
 Edward Geoffrey Smith Stanley, Fourteenth Earl. Son. The 
 celebrated Earl Derby. Died 1869. 
 
 The fourteenth Earl's youngest son, Frederick Arthur Stan- 
 ley, Baron Stanley of Preston, made Governor- General of 
 Canada in 1888. 
 
 The earldom still remains in the family of Stanley, having an 
 unbroken male descent of eight hundred years from Adam 
 de Audley (in the reign of Henry I.), whose grandson Wil- 
 liam obtained the manor of Stanleigh, and assumed the name 
 Stanleigh or Stanley. 
 
 EDMUND, EDWARD, AND RICHARD, DUKES OF YORK. 
 
 Edmund, First Duke. Fifth son of Edward III. Married, 1st, Isa- 
 bel of Castile, sister of John of Gaunt's wife. 2d, Joan, daughter 
 of Thomas Holland, second Earl of Kent. Died 1401. 
 Issue : — 
 Edward, became second Duke. 
 
 Richard, Earl of Cambridge, married, 1st, Anne, daughter of 
 Roger Mortimer, Earl of March ; 2d, Maud, daughter of Lord 
 Thomas Clifford. Executed 1415. Issue, Richard, became 
 the great Duke of York. Isabella, married Henry Bourchier, 
 Earl of Essex. 
 Constance, married Thomas Spencer, Earl of Gloucester. 
 
NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 59 
 
 Edward, Second Duke of York and Earl of Rutland. Son. Married 
 Philippa, daughter of Lord John Mohun. Killed at Agincourt, 
 1415. No issue. 
 
 Richard, Third Duke of York and Earl of March. Son of Eichard, 
 Earl of Cambridge, and Anne Mortimer. Married Cecily, daugh- 
 ter of Ralph, Earl of Westmoreland. Killed at Wakefield, 1460. 
 He inherited his titles from his uncles Edward, Duke of York, 
 
 and Edmund, Earl of March. 
 
 Issue : — 
 Henry, died young. 
 
 Edward, Earl of March, and afterwards Edward IV. 
 Edmund, Earl of Rutland ; killed at Wakefield, 1460. 
 John, William, Thomas, all died young. 
 George, Duke of Clarence. 
 
 Richard, Duke of Gloucester, and afterwards Richard III. 
 Anne, married Henry Holland, Duke of Exeter; afterwards 
 
 Thomas St. Leger. 
 Elizabeth, married John de la Pole, Duke of Suffolk. 
 Margaret, married Charles, Duke of Burgundy. 
 Ursula, 
 
 THE BERKELEYS. 
 
 Roger of Berkeley. Called so in the time of William the Conqueror 
 from his place of residence. Died 1092. 
 
 William of Berkeley. Nephew. Died about 1115. 
 
 Roger de Berkeley. Son. Died 1145. 
 
 Roger de Berkeley, Eirst Baron. Son. Died about 1175. 
 
 His daughter Alice married Maurice Fitz Harding, son of Rob- 
 ert Fitz Harding, whose father, Harding, was said to be a 
 descendant of the Kings of Denmark. 
 
 Maurice, Second Baron of Berkeley. Son of Robert Eitz Harding. 
 Was granted the manor of Berkeley by Henry II. Married Alice, 
 as above, and came into possession of the castle of Berkeley, and 
 took its name. Died 1189. 
 
 Robert de Berkeley, Third Baron. Son. Married Julian, niece of 
 William Marshall, Earl of Pembroke. Died 1219. No issue. 
 
 Thomas de Berkeley, Fourth Baron. Brother. Married Joan, 
 daughter of Ralph de Somery. Died 1243. 
 Issue : — 
 Maurice. Thomas. Robert. Henry. 
 William. Richard. Margaret. 
 
 Maurice de Berkeley, Fifth Baron. Son. Married Isabel, daugh- 
 ter of Maurice de Creoun and his wife Isabel, niece of William de 
 Valence, Earl of Pembroke. Died 1281. 
 
60 NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 
 
 Issue : — 
 Maurice, killed in a tournament. 
 Thomas. Robert. 
 
 Thomas de Berkeley, Sixth Baron. Son. Married, 1st, Jane, 
 daughter of William de Ferrers, Earl of Derby. 2d, Margaret, 
 daughter of Roger de Quincy, Earl of Winchester. Died 1321. 
 Issue : — 
 Maurice. John. James. 
 James, Bishop of Exeter. 
 Isabel. Margaret. 
 
 Maurice de Berkeley, Seventh Baron. Son. Married, 1st, Eve, 
 daughter of Eudo le Zouch. 2d, Isabel, daughter of Gilbert de 
 Clare, Earl of Gloucester. Died 132G. 
 Issue : — 
 Thomas. Maurice. John. Eudo. Peter. 
 Isabel, married Lord Robert Clifford. 
 
 Thomas de Berkeley, Eighth Baron. Son. Married, 1st, Marga- 
 ret, daughter of Roger Mortimer, Earl of March, and widow of the 
 Earl of Oxford. 2d, Katherine, daughter of Sir John Clevedon. 
 Died 1361. 
 
 Issue (by first wife) : — 
 Maurice. Roger. Thomas. Alphonso. 
 Joan, who married Sir Reginald Cobham. 
 
 (By second wife) : — 
 Thomas. Edmund. Maurice. John. 
 
 Maurice de Berkeley, Ninth Baron. Son. Married Elizabeth, 
 daughter of Hugh le Despenser. Died 1369. 
 Issue : — 
 Thomas. James. John. Maurice. 
 Catherine, a nun. 
 Agnes and Elizabeth, who died young. 
 
 Thomas Berkeley, Tenth Baron. Son. Married Margaret, daugh- 
 ter of Gerald Warren, Lord Lisle. Died 1417. 
 Issue : — 
 Elizabeth, married Richard Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick. 
 Her daughter Margaret became Countess of Shrewsbury. 
 
 James Berkeley, Eleventh Baron. Nephew; son of James. Mar- 
 ried, 1st, Isabel, oldest daughter of Thomas Mowbrey, Duke of 
 Norfolk, and widow of Henry Ferrers of Groby ; she was impris- 
 oned by Margaret, Countess of Shrewsbury, and died in prison. 
 2d, Joan Talbot, daughter of the same Margaret, Countess of 
 Shrewsbury. Died 1463. 
 Issue : — 
 
 William. Maurice. 
 
 James, slain in France. 
 
 Thomas. Elizabeth. Isabel. Alice. 
 
NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 61 
 
 William Berkeley, Twelfth Baron. Created Earl of Nottingham 
 by Richard III. , and Marquis by Henry VII. Son. Married, 1st, 
 Elizabeth, daughter of Reginald West, Lord de Warre. 2d, Jane, 
 widow of Sir William Willoughby. 3d, Anne, daughter of John 
 Fiennes, Lord Dacres of the South. Died 1491. 
 The issue all died young. 
 
 He disinherited his brother Maurice, and willed Berkeley Castle 
 to Henry VII. and his male heirs. 
 
 Maurice Berkeley. Brother. Married Isabel, daughter of Philip 
 Mead. Died 1506. 
 Issue : — 
 Maurice. Thomas. James. 
 Maurice Berkeley. Son. Married Katherine, daughter of Sir 
 William Berkeley of Stoke. Died at Calais, 1523. No issue. 
 
 Thomas Berkeley. Brother. Married, 1st, Eleanor, daughter of 
 Sir Marmaduke Constable. 2d, Cecily, widow of Richard Raw- 
 don. Died 1533. 
 Issue : — 
 Thomas. Maurice. Mary. Jane. 
 Thomas Berkeley. Son. Married, 1st, Mary, daughter of Lord 
 George Hastings. 2d, Anne, daughter of Sir John Savage. Died 
 1534. 
 
 Issue : — 
 Elizabeth, who married Thomas Butler, Earl of Ormund. 
 Henry, who was born a few weeks after his father's death. 
 
 Henry Berkeley, Thirteenth Baron. Son. Came into possession of 
 Berkeley Castle and the title upon the death of Edward VI. , who 
 was the last male heir of Henry VII. Married, 1st, Katherine 
 Howard, daughter of Henry, Earl of Surrey. 2d, Jane, daughter 
 of Sir Michael Stanhope. Died 1013. 
 Issue : — 
 Thomas, who married Elizabeth, daughter of George Carey, 
 Lord Hunsdon. He died 1011, leaving his son George to 
 succeed to the barony. 
 Ferdinand. Mary. Francis. 
 George Berkeley, Fourteenth Baron. Grandson. Married Eliza- 
 beth, daughter of Sir Michael Stanhope. Died 1056. 
 He was in the Parliamentary Army. 
 
 Issue : — 
 Charles, drowned at sea in 1040. 
 George. Elizabeth, married Edward Coke. 
 
 George Berkeley, Fifteenth Baron. Son. Created Earl of Berkeley 
 by Charles II. Married Elizabeth, daughter of John Massingberd. 
 Died 1098. 
 
 Issue : — 
 Charles. George. Elizabeth. Theophila. 
 Arabella. Mary. Henrietta. Arathusia. 
 
62 NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 
 
 Charles Berkeley, Second Earl. Son. Died 1710. 
 Issue : — 
 Charles, died in 1699. 
 
 James, became Earl ; was an admiral in the navy. 
 Henry, colonel in the army. 
 Elizabeth, married Sir John Germaine. 
 
 James Berkeley, Third Earl. Son. Died 1736. 
 
 Augustus Berkeley, Fourth Earl. Son. Died 1755. 
 Was a colonel in the army in 1745. 
 
 Frederick Augustus Berkeley, Fifth Earl. Son. Married Mary 
 Cole. Died 1810. 
 Issue : — 
 
 1. William Fitzhardinge Berkeley, created Baron Segrave 
 
 and Earl Fitzhardinge. 
 
 2. Maurice Frederick Fitzhardinge, admiral in the navy; 
 
 created Baron Fitzhardinge. 
 
 3. Francis Henry Fitzhardinge. 
 
 5. Thomas Moreton Fitzhardinge Berkeley, Earl of Berkeley. 
 
 By an irregularity in the marriage, the first three sons were 
 
 declared by the House of Lords to be illegitimate, and 
 
 the title of Earl given to the fifth child, who never 
 
 claimed it. 
 
 THE TALBOTS, EARLS OF SHREWSBURY. 
 
 John Talbot, First Earl. Descended from the Valences and Mar- 
 shall, Earls of Pembroke. Married, 1st, Maud Neville, daughter 
 of Thomas, Lord Furnivall. 2d, Margaret Beauchamp, daughter 
 of Richard, Earl of Warwick. Killed at Castillon, 1453, at the 
 age of 80 years. 
 
 Taken prisoner by the Maid of Orleans in 1429. 
 His eldest son by second marriage, John, Lord Lisle, was killed 
 at the same time as his father. 
 
 John Talbot, Second Earl. Son by first marriage. Killed at North- 
 ampton, 1460. 
 
 John Talbot, Third Earl. Son. Married a daughter of Humphrey, 
 
 Duke of Buckingham. Died 1473. 
 George Talbot, Fourth Earl. Son. Married a daughter of George, 
 
 Lord Hastings. Died 1541. 
 Francis Talbot, Fifth Earl. Son. Died 1560, aged 60. 
 George Talbot, Sixth Earl. Son. Married, 1st, a daughter of 
 
 Thomas Manners, Earl of Rutland. 2d, Elizabeth Hardwick, 
 
 widow of Sir William Cavendish. Died 1590. 
 Gilbert Talbot, Seventh Earl. Son. Married Mary Cavendish, 
 
 daughter of his stepmother. Died 1616. 
 
NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 63 
 
 Edward Talbot, Eighth Earl. Brother. Died 1618. 
 
 George Talbot, Ninth Earl. Descended from Gilbert, third son of 
 
 the second Earl. Died 1630. 
 John Talbot, Tenth Earl. Nephew. Died 1653. 
 Francis Talbot, Eleventh Earl. Second son. Married Anne Maria, 
 
 daughter of the Earl of Cardigan, who held Buckingham's horse 
 
 while he killed her husband in a duel, 1667. 
 
 Charles Talbot, Twelfth Earl. Son. Created Duke of Shrewsbury, 
 1694. Died 1718. 
 
 Gilbert Talbot, Thirteenth Earl. Son of Gilbert, fourth son of John, 
 
 tenth Earl. Catholic priest. Died 1743. 
 George Talbot, Fourteenth Earl. Nephew. Died 1787. 
 Charles Talbot, Fifteenth Earl. Nephew. Died 1827. 
 John Talbot, Sixteenth Earl. Nephew. Died 1852. 
 Bertram Talbot, Seventeenth Earl. Cousin. A fanatic Catholic. 
 
 Died 1856. 
 
 Henry John Chetwynd Talbot, Eighteenth Earl. Another descend- 
 ant of Second Earl of Shrewsbury. 
 
 The present Earl is a grandson of the above eighteenth Earl. 
 
 THE OSBORNES, DUKES OF LEEDS, AND EARLS DANBY. 
 
 Thomas Osborne, First Duke. Created Earl of Danby, 1674; Duke 
 of Leeds, 1694. Died 1712. 
 
 Peregrine Osborne, Second Duke. Son. Died 1729. 
 
 Peregrine Osborne, Third Duke. Son. 
 
 Thomas Osborne, Fourth Duke. Son. Married Mary, daughter of 
 Francis, Earl Godolphin, descended from Marlborough. 
 
 Francis Godolphin Osborne, Fifth Duke. Son. Died 1799. 
 
 George William Frederick Osborne, Sixth Duke. Son. Died 1838. 
 
 Francis Godolphin D'Arcy Osborne, Seventh Duke. Son. Mar- 
 ried an American. Died 1859. 
 
 George Godolphin Osborne, Eighth Duke. Cousin. 
 
 The first Duke's mother descended from the great Neville family. 
 
 THE FAMILY OF PERCY, EARLS OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 
 
 William de Percy (nicknamed Percy Algernons, meaning Percy with 
 the Whiskers). Landed with William I. in 1066. Married Emma 
 de Port. Died 1096. 
 
 For his services he was given 118 lordships. 
 
64 NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 
 
 Alan de Percy. Son. Married Emma Gaunt, granddaughter of 
 
 Baldwin, Earl of Flanders. 
 William de Percy. Son. Married Alice de Tonbridge. Died 1168. 
 Agnes Percy. Daughter. Married Joscelyn of Louvaine, brother 
 of Adelicia, second queen of Henry I. 
 
 Joscelyn was the youngest son of Godfrey, Count of Brabant 
 and Louvaine, descended from Charlemagne. 
 
 Richard Percy. Son. Died 1244. 
 
 His father took the name of Percy on his marriage. 
 William Percy. Nephew. Died 1245. 
 Henry Percy. Son. Henry III. seized his lands. 
 Henry Percy. Son. Knighted by Edward I. Married Eleanor 
 
 Fitz Alan. Died 1315. 
 Henry Percy. Son. Made Lord of the Marches by Edward III. 
 
 Married a daughter of Lord Clifford. Died 1352. 
 Henry Percy. Son. Married Mary Plantagenet, granddaughter 
 
 of Edward, Earl of Kent. Died 1377. 
 Henry Percy, First Earl. Son. Married Maud, sister of Lord Lucy. 
 Killed 1408. 
 
 Came into possession of the Isle of Man. He was the father of 
 Hotspur, who was killed in 1403. Hotspur married Eliza- 
 beth, daughter of Edmund Mortimer and Philippa, daughter 
 of Lionel. 
 
 Henry Percy, Second Earl. Son of Hotspur. Married Eleanor 
 Neville, daughter of Ralph, Earl of Westmoreland. Killed 1455. 
 Henry Percy, Third Earl. Son. Killed 1461. 
 
 His brothers : Richard, killed 1460 ; Thomas, 1461 ; and Ralph, 
 1464. 
 
 John Neville became Earl of Northumberland during the forfeiture. 
 Henry Percy, Fourth Earl. Son. Reinstated 1469. Married Maud 
 
 Herbert, daughter of the Earl of Pembroke. Murdered in his 
 
 house in 1489. 
 
 Henry Percy, Fifth Earl. Son. Died 1527. 
 
 Henry Algernon Percy, Sixth Earl. Son. Was engaged to Anne 
 Boleyn, but married a Talbot. Died 1537. 
 The title was then assumed by the Dudleys. 
 
 Thomas Percy, Seventh Earl. Nephew. Reinstated by Queen 
 Mary. Rebelled, and beheaded 1572. 
 
 Henry Percy, Eighth Earl. Brother. Found shot in the Tower, 1585. 
 Henry Percy, Ninth Earl. Son. Died 1632. 
 
 Algernon Percy, Tenth Earl. Son. Lord High Admiral to Charles I. 
 Died 1668. 
 
 Joscelyn Percy, Eleventh Earl. Son. Last of the male line of 
 Percy. Died 1670. 
 
NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 65 
 
 After the death of Joscelyn Percy, eleventh Earl, George Fitz- 
 Eoy, natural son of Charles I., became Earl of Northumber- 
 land, the title returning to the heirs in 1749. 
 
 Elizabeth Percy, daughter of Joscelyn, carried the property 
 by second marriage to Charles Seymour, Duke of Somerset. 
 The daughter of their son Algernon married Sir Hugh Smith- 
 son, who adopted the name Percy, and the title followed. 
 
 From the first Joscelyn to the last Joscelyn was 500 years. 
 
 Algernon Seymour, Twelfth Earl. Son of Elizabeth Percy. Duke 
 of Somerset and Earl of Northumberland in 1740. Died 1750. 
 
 Sir Hugh Smithson, Thirteenth Earl. Married Algernon Seymour's 
 daughter Elizabeth. Took the name of Percy and created Duke 
 of Northumberland in 1766. Died 1786. 
 
 Hugh Percy, Second Duke. Son. Served in America at Lexington. 
 Died 1817. 
 
 Hugh Percy, Third Duke. Son. Was in Lord Derby's administra- 
 tion. Died 1847. 
 
 HOLLANDS, EARLS OF KENT AND HUNTINGDON, AND 
 DUKES OF EXETER. 
 
 Robert Holland, Secretary to Thomas, Earl of Lancaster. Married 
 Maud, daughter of Alan La Zouche. Beheaded 1328. 
 Issue : — 
 Robert, died 1373. 
 Thomas. Alan. 
 Otho, died 1350. 
 
 Thomas Holland, First Earl of Kent. Son. Married Joan, the 
 " Fair Maid of Kent," daughter of Edmund, Earl of Kent, youngest 
 son of Edward I. Died 1361. 
 
 Joan was sister to Edmund, who died during minority, and to 
 John, who died 1352, both Earls of Kent. She had married 
 William de Montacute, Earl of Salisbury; but the marriage 
 was set aside. 
 Issue : — 
 
 Thomas Holland, second Earl at ten years of age. 
 
 Edmund Holland. 
 
 John Holland, Earl of Huntingdon and Duke of Exeter ; mar- 
 ried Elizabeth, daughter of John of Gaunt. 
 
 Maud, married Hugh de Courtney, son of the Earl of Devon- 
 shire ; 2d, the Count de St. Pol of France. 
 
 Jane, married John de Montford, Duke of Brittany, who pre- 
 viously married Mary, daughter of Edward III. , and after- 
 wards married Joan of Navarre, who was divorced, and 
 became queen of Henry IV. 
 
66 NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 
 
 Joan of Kent, after Thomas Holland's death, married Edward the 
 Black Prince, and had the following children: Edward, who 
 died 1371 ; Richard II., who died 1399. 
 
 Thomas Holland, Second Earl of Kent. Son. Married Alice, 
 daughter of Richard, Earl of Arundel. Died 1397. 
 
 Issue : — 
 Thomas Holland, was in the insurrection against Henry IV. 
 Edmund Holland, became Earl of Kent after his brother 
 
 Thomas. 
 Eleanor, married Thomas de Montacute, Earl of Salisbury. 
 Jane, married Edmund of Langley, Duke of York, and William, 
 
 Lord Willoughby of Eresby, and two others. 
 Margaret, married John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset, and 
 
 afterwards Thomas, Duke of Clarence. 
 Eleanor, married, 2d, Roger Mortimer, Earl of March, son of 
 
 Philippa, daughter of Lionel. 
 Elizabeth, married Sir John Neville, oldest son of the first 
 
 Earl of Westmoreland. 
 
 Thomas Holland, Third Earl. Son. Created Duke of Surrey. Mar- 
 ried Jane, daughter of Hugh, Earl of Stafford. Beheaded 1400. 
 Died without issue, his property going to Humphrey Stafford, 
 nephew of his wife Jane. 
 
 Edmund Holland, Eourth Earl. Brother. Married Lucie, daughter 
 of the Duke of Milan. Killed in Brittany, 1408. 
 No issue, and the title reverted to the crown. 
 
 John Holland, Eirst Earl of Huntingdon and Duke of Exeter. Son 
 of Thomas and Joan of Kent. Married Elizabeth, daughter of 
 John of Gaunt ; she afterwards married Sir John Cornwall. Exe- 
 cuted 1400. 
 
 This John killed Ralph, son of Earl Stafford. 
 
 Issue : — 
 Richard, died unmarried, 1416. 
 John, became second Duke. 
 Edward. 
 
 Constance, married, 1st, Thomas Mowbrey, Duke of Norfolk , 
 2d, Lord John Grey of Ruthyn. 
 
 Thomas Beaufort, son of Gaunt, became Duke of Exeter, and died 
 1420, when the title was restored to the Hollands. 
 
 John Holland, Second Duke. Son of first Duke. Married, in 1429, 
 Anne, daughter of Edmund, Earl Stafford, and widow of Edmund, 
 Earl of March. 1433, Anne, daughter of John, King of Portugal, 
 and widow of Thomas, Earl of Arundel. Died 1447. 
 Issue : — 
 Henry, became Duke. 
 
 Anne (by second wife), married, 1st, John Neville, third Earl, 
 son of Ralph, second Earl of Westmoreland; 2d, Sir John 
 Neville, uncle to her first husband. 
 
NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 67 
 
 Henry Holland, Third Duke. Son. Married Anne, daughter of 
 Richard, Duke of York, and sister of Edward IV. Killed at sea, 
 1473. 
 
 Anne was divorced from him, and married Sir Thomas St. Leger, 
 
 by whom she had a daughter Anne, who married George 
 
 Manners, Lord Roos, the father of Thomas Manners, first 
 
 .Earl of Rutland. 
 
 This Henry Holland was great-grandson of Joan of Kent, and, 
 
 on the female side, great-grandson of John of Gaunt. 
 
 HASTINGS, EARLS OF HUNTINGDON. 
 
 Leonard Hastings, Esq. Married Alice, daughter of Lord Camoys. 
 Died 1450. 
 
 He was a follower of Richard, Duke of York. 
 
 Issue : — 
 William. Richard. Ralph. Thomas. 
 Anne, who married Thomas Ferrers. 
 "William Hastings. Son. Married Margaret, daughter of Richard 
 Neville, Earl of Salisbury, and widow of John de Vere, Earl of 
 Oxford. Executed 1483. 
 
 He was chamberlain to Edward IV. , and by him created Baron. 
 
 Issue : — 
 Edward, eighteen years old at his father's death. 
 Richard. William. 
 
 Anne, married George, Earl of Shrewsbury. 
 Edward Hastings. Son. Married Mary, daughter of Sir Thomas 
 Hungerford. Died 1507. 
 
 He was restored to his estates by Henry VII. as Lord Hastings 
 and Hungerford. 
 Issue : — 
 George, and Anne, who married Thomas, Earl of Derby. 
 George Hastings, First Earl. Son. Created Earl of Huntingdon 
 by Henry VII. Married Anne, daughter of Henry, Duke of Buck- 
 ingham, and widow of Sir Walter Herbert. Died 1544. 
 Issue : — 
 Francis. Henry. William. 
 Edward, was created Lord Hastings of Loughborough, and died 
 
 1557. 
 Thomas, married Winifride, daughter of Henry Pole, Lord Mon- 
 
 tacute, and died 1558. 
 Dorothy, married Sir Richard Devereux. 
 Mary and. Catherine. 
 Francis Hastings, Second Earl. Son. Married Catherine Pole, 
 daughter of Henry, Lord Montacute, granddaughter of Margaret, 
 Countess of Salisbury, the daughter of George, Duke of Clarence. 
 
68 NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 
 
 Issue : — 
 Henry. Sir George. 
 
 Francis, married Maud, daughter of Ralph Longford, Esq. 
 Walter, married Joyce, daughter of William Roper. 
 Catherine, married Henry, Earl of Lincoln, son of Charles 
 
 Brandon, Duke of Suffolk. 
 Frances, married Lord Henry Compton. 
 Anne, unmarried. Was proposed as wife to the Czar of Russia 
 
 in 1569. 
 Elizabeth, married Edward, Earl of Worcester. 
 Mary, died unmarried. 
 
 Henry Hastings, Third Earl. Son. Married Catherine, daughter 
 of John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland. Died 1595. No issue. 
 
 George Hastings, Fourth Earl. Brother. Married Dorothy, daugh- 
 ter of Sir John Port. Died 1004. 
 Issue : — 
 Francis, died before his father (his son Henry becoming Earl), 
 in 1595. His daughter Catherine married Philip, Earl of 
 Chesterfield. 
 Henry, married Dorothy, daughter of Sir Francis Willoughby 
 
 of Wollaton. 
 Sir Edward, died in Vienna. 
 Catherine, married Sir Edward Vinton. 
 Dorothy, married Robert, Earl of Roscommon. 
 Henry Hastings, Fifth Earl. Grandson. Married Elizabeth, 
 daughter of Ferdinand, Earl of Derby. Died 1643. 
 Issue : — 
 Ferdinand. Henry, who became Lord Longborough. 
 
 EARLS OF ESSEX. 
 
 From the Mandevilles, who were Earls of Essex, the title came to 
 the Bohuns by marriage, thence to Thomas of Woodstock, Duke 
 of Gloucester, who married Eleanor Bohun, and thence to the 
 son of the William Bourchier who married Anne, the daughter 
 of Thomas of Woodstock, who was widow of Edmund, Earl of 
 Stafford. 
 William, Lord Bourchier. Nephew of Bartholomew, Lord Bour- 
 chier. Married Anne, daughter of Thomas of Woodstock, and 
 widow of Edmund, Earl of Stafford. Died 1421. 
 Issue : — 
 Henry, Earl of Ewe, Viscount Bourchier, and Earl of Essex; 
 
 died 1483. 
 Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury; died 1480. 
 William, Lord Fitz -Warren, married Thomasine, daughter of 
 Sir Richard Hankford. 
 
NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 69 
 
 John, Lord Berners, married Margery, daughter of Richard, 
 
 Lord Berners. 
 Anne, married John Mowbrey, Duke of Norfolk. 
 
 Henry Bourchier, First Earl of Essex. Son. Married Isabel, sister 
 of Richard, Duke of York, and daughter of Richard, Earl of Cam- 
 bridge. Died 1483. 
 Issue : — 
 
 William, married Anne, daughter of Richard Woodville, Earl 
 Rivers. Died before his father. His son Henry became 
 second Earl. His daughter Cicely married John Devereux, 
 Lord Ferrers of Chartley, son of Walter Devereux, who was 
 killed in 1485. 
 
 Sir Henry, married Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas, Lord 
 Scales ; she married, 2d, Anthony Woodville. 
 
 Humphrey, Lord Cromwell, married Joan, daughter of Richard 
 Stanhope. Slain 1471. 
 
 Sir John, married Elizabeth, widow of Edward, Lord Grey of 
 Groby. 
 
 Sir Thomas, married Isabel Barre, widow of Humphrey Staf- 
 ford, Duke of Devonshire. 
 
 Sir Edward, slain at Wakefield, 1460. 
 
 Henry Bourchier, Second Earl. Grandson ; son of William. Mar- 
 ried Mary, daughter of Sir William Say. Thrown from a horse 
 and killed, 1540. 
 
 His daughter Anne married William Parr, made Earl in 1544. 
 
 Thomas Cromwell, Earl of Essex. Minister of Henry VIII. He 
 claimed a descent from the Lords Cromwell. Executed 1540. 
 
 William Parr, Earl of Essex. Son-in-law to Earl Henry. No issue. 
 
 His sister Catherine married as follows: 1st, Edward, Lord 
 Borough, died 1528 ; 2d, John Neville, Lord Latimer, died 
 1543; 3d, Henry VIII. , died 1547 ; 4th, Thomas Seymour, 
 executed 1549. 
 
 The title came to the Devereux from Cecily Bourchier, grand- 
 daughter of first Earl, through her son Walter Devereux 
 (he married Mary, daughter of Thomas Grey, Marquis of 
 Dorset), his son Richard (who died before his father), to 
 his son Walter Devereux, first Earl. 
 
 Walter Devereux, First Earl. Great-grandson of Cecily Bourchier. 
 Married Lettice, daughter of Sir Francis Knowlys. Died 1576. 
 
 She afterwards married Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester. She 
 was second- cousin to Queen Elizabeth through Mary Boleyn. 
 Issue : — 
 
 Robert, third-cousin to Elizabeth, and her favorite. 
 
 Walter, killed at the siege of Rouen in 1591. 
 
 Penelope, married Robert, Lord Rich, and, 2d, Charles Blount, 
 Lord Montjoy and Earl of Devon. Robert, Lord Rich, was 
 created Earl of Warwick in 1618. His son Robert was also 
 Earl of Warwick ; and his second son, Earl of Holland. 
 
70 NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 
 
 Dorothy, married Sir Thomas Perrot, grandson of Henry VIII. ; 
 2d, Henry, Earl of Northumberland. 
 
 Robert Devereux, Second Earl. Son. Married Frances, daughter 
 of Sir Francis Walsingham, and widow of Sir Philip Sidney. Exe- 
 cuted 1601. 
 
 Issue : — 
 Robert, became third Earl. He was the "Essex" of the Par- 
 liamentary Army. 
 Frances, married William Seymour, second Duke of Somerset. 
 Dorothy, married Sir Henry Shirley, and, 2d, William Staf- 
 ford. 
 
 Robert Devereux, Third Earl. Son. Married Frances, daughter 
 of Thomas Howard, Earl of Suffolk ; she was divorced, and married 
 Robert Carr, Earl of Somerset. 2d, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir 
 William Paulet. Died 1646. 
 Issue : — 
 Robert, died in youth. 
 The direct line failing, the title reverted to the crown. 
 
 COTJRTNEYS, EARLS OF DEVONSHIRE. 
 
 The Courtneys descended from Floras, a younger brother of 
 Louis VI. of France, who married a Courtney, and whose son 
 Reginald took the name of Courtney, and came to England in 
 the reign of Henry II. He died 1209. 
 
 Robert de Courtney. Son. Married Mary, only daughter of 
 William de Revers, Earl of Devonshire. Died 1242. 
 
 John de Courtney. Son. Married Isabel, daughter of John, Earl 
 of Oxford. Died 1273. 
 
 Hugh de Courtney. Son. Married Eleanor, daughter of Hugh le 
 Despenser. Died 1291. 
 
 Hugh de Courtney, First Earl. Son. Married Agnes, sister of 
 John St. John, who married Hugh's sister Isabel. Died 1340. 
 
 Hugh de Courtney, Second Earl. Son. Married Margaret, 
 daughter of Humphrey Bohun, Earl of Hereford. Died 1378. 
 
 Issue : — 
 Hugh, married Maud, daughter of Thomas Holland, Earl of 
 
 Kent. He died before his father in 1374. 
 Thomas, also died before his father. 
 Edward, also died before his father. His son Edward succeeded 
 
 as Earl. 
 William. Philip. Peter. Joan. Margaret. 
 Elizabeth. Catherine. Anne. 
 
NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 71 
 
 Edward de Courtney, Third Earl. Grandson. Died 1419. 
 
 Hugh de Courtney, Fourth Earl. Son. Married Anne, daughter 
 of Richard, Lord Talbot, father of first Earl. Died 1423. 
 
 Thomas de Courtney, Fifth Earl. Son. 
 
 Thomas de Courtney, Sixth Earl. Son. 
 
 Thomas de Courtney, Seventh Earl. Son. Slain at Tewksbury, 
 1471. 
 
 The family being attainted, the title was given to Sir Humphrey 
 Stafford during the reign of Edward IV. 
 
 Sir Edward Courtney, Eighth Earl. A cousin of the last Earl 
 recovered the title in the first year of Henry VII. He married 
 Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Philip Courtney. Died 1509. 
 
 One son and four daughters. 
 
 William Courtney, Ninth Earl. Son. Married Katherine, daugh- 
 ter of Edward IV. Died 1512. 
 
 Henry Courtney. Created Marquis of Exeter. Son. Married, 1st, 
 Elizabeth, daughter of John Grey, Viscount Lisle. 2d, Gertrude, 
 daughter of William Blount, Lord Montjoy. Executed 1540. 
 
 Edward Courtney. Created Earl of Devonshire. Son. He was 
 proposed as husband to Queen Mary. Was committed to the 
 Tower, finally released, went to Italy, and died there 1556. 
 
 BALLIOL, KING OF SCOTLAND. 
 
 Guy de Balliol. In the time of William II. 
 
 Bernard de Balliol. Son. Fought in the battle of the Standard. 
 
 Eustace de Balliol. Son. Killed at Bernard Castle in 1217. 
 
 John de Balliol. Son. Married Dervorguill, daughter of Alan 
 of Galoway ; and Margaret, daughter of David, Earl of Hunting- 
 don. Died 1270. 
 
 He was one of the guardians of Scotland during the minority of 
 King Alexander III. 
 Issue : — 
 Hugh, married Anne, daughter of William de Valence, Earl of 
 
 Pembroke, and died 1273. 
 Alexander, died 1280. 
 
 John, became King of Scotland by decision of Edward I. of 
 England. 
 
 John de Balliol, King of Scotland. Son. Married Isabel, daughter 
 of John de Warren, Earl of Surrey. 
 
72 NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 
 
 MANNERS, EARLS AND DUKES OF RUTLAND, AND 
 MARQUIS OF GRANBY. 
 
 Robert Manners. Married Eleanor, sister of Edmund, Lord Roos, 
 sixteenth Baron de Roos. Was sheriff of Northumherland in 1455. 
 
 George Manners, Lord Roos. Son. Married Anne, daughter of 
 Thomas St. Leger and Anne Plantagenet, sister of Edward IV. 
 Died 1513. 
 
 Thomas Manners, First Earl of Rutland. Son. Married, 1st, Eliz- 
 abeth, daughter of Sir Robert Lovel. 2d, Eleanor, daughter of 
 Sir William Paston. Died 1543. 
 Issue : — 
 Henry, became second Earl. 
 John, married Dorothy, daughter of Sir George Vernon, " Knight 
 
 of the Peak." His great-grandson became eighth Earl. 
 Roger. Sir Thomas. 
 Isabel, who died young. 
 
 Gertrude, married George Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury. 
 Anne, married Henry, Earl of Westmoreland. 
 Frances, married Henry, Lord Abergavenny. 
 Catherine, married Henry Capel. 
 Elizabeth, married Sir John Savage. 
 
 Henry Manners, Second Earl. Son. Married, 1st, Margaret, 
 daughter of Ralph, Earl of Westmoreland. 2d, Bridget, daughter 
 of Lord John Hussey; she afterwards married Francis, Earl of 
 Bedford. Died 1563. 
 Issue : — 
 Edward. John. 
 Elizabeth, married Sir William Courtney. 
 
 Edward Manners, Third Earl. Son. Married Isabel, daughter of 
 Sir Thomas Holcroft. Died 1587. 
 Issue : — 
 Elizabeth, married Sir William Cecil, son of the Earl of Exeter. 
 
 John Manners, Fourth Earl. Brother. Married Elizabeth, daugh- 
 ter of Francis Charlton. Died 1587. 
 Issue : — 
 Roger. Francis. Sir George. Sir Oliver. 
 Bridget, married Robert Tirwitt. 
 Frances, married William, Lord Willoughby. 
 Elizabeth, married Emanuel, Lord Scrope of Bolton. 
 Mary. 
 Roger Manners, Fifth Earl. Son. Married Elizabeth, daughter 
 
 of the famous Sir Philip Sidney. Died 1612. No issue. 
 Francis Manners, Sixth Earl. Brother. Married, 1st, Frances, 
 daughter of Sir Henry Knevet. 2d, Cecily, daughter of Sir John 
 Tufton, and widow of Sir Edward Hungerford. Died 1632. 
 
NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 73 
 
 Issue : — 
 Catherine, married George, Duke of Buckingham, and Ran- 
 
 dolph, Earl of Antrim. 
 Henry and Francis, both died young. 
 
 George Manners, Seventh Earl. Brother. Married Frances, daugh- 
 ter of Sir Edward Carey. Died 1641. No issue. 
 
 John Manners, Eighth Earl. Great-grandson of Sir John Manners, 
 second son of the first Earl. Married Frances, daughter of Ed- 
 ward, Lord Montague. Died 1079. 
 
 John Manners, First Duke. Son. He was created Marquis of 
 Granby and Duke of Rutland. Married, 1st, Anne Pierpont, 
 daughter of Henry, Marquis of Dorchester. 2d, Diana, daughter 
 of Robert, Earl of Aylesbury. 3d, Catherine, daughter of" Vis- 
 count Campden. Died 1711. 
 
 John Manners, Second Duke. Son. Married a daughter of Lord 
 William Russell. Died 1721. 
 
 John Manners, Third Duke. Son. Died 1779. 
 
 His son, the "Marquis of Granby," married a daughter of 
 Charles, Duke of Somerset. The Marquis opposed the gov- 
 ernment of Lord North, and died 1770, before his father. 
 
 Charles Manners, Fourth Duke. Son of the Marquis, and grandson 
 of third Duke. Married a Somerset of the Beaufort family. Died 
 
 1787. 
 
 Henry Manners, Fifth Duke. Son. Died 1857. 
 Charles Cecil John Manners, Sixth Duke. Son. 
 
 GREYS, EARLS OF KENT. 
 
 Roger de Grey. Son of John Grey of Wilton. Married Elizabeth, 
 daughter of John Hastings and Isabel, daughter of William Valence, 
 Earl of Pembroke. Died 1353. 
 Issue : — 
 John, died before his father. 
 Reginald, became his father's heir. 
 
 Reginald Grey. Son. Died 1388. 
 Issue : Reginald. 
 
 Reginald Grey. Son. Married, 1st, Margaret, daughter of Wil- 
 liam, Lord Roos. 2d, Joan, daughter of Lord William Astley. 
 Died 1440. 
 
 Issue (by first wife) : — 
 John, died before his father, and his son Edmund became first 
 
 Earl. 
 Edmund. Thomas. 
 
74 NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 
 
 (By second vrife) : — 
 Edward, married Elizabeth, daughter of Henry, Lord Ferrers. 
 John. Robert. 
 Edmund Grey, First Earl of Kent. Grandson. Lord- treasurer of 
 England under Edward IV. Created Earl of Kent. Married 
 Katherine, daughter of Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland. 
 Died 1488. 
 
 Issue : — 
 Anthony, died unmarried, before his father. 
 George. John. Edmund. 
 Elizabeth, married Sir Robert Greystoke. 
 Anne, married Lord John Grey of Wilton. 
 
 George Grey, Second Earl. Son. Married, 1st, Anne, daughter of 
 Richard Woodville, Earl of Rivers, widow of William Bourchier. 
 2d, Katherine, daughter of William Herbert, Earl of Pembroke. 
 Died 1505. 
 
 Issue : — 
 Richard. Sir Henry Grey. George. 
 Anthony. His descendants afterwards became Earls of Kent. 
 Anne, married Lord John Hussey. 
 
 Richard Grey, Third Earl. Son. Married Elizabeth, daughter of 
 Sir William Hussey. Died 1524. 
 
 Henry Grey, Fourth Earl. Brother. Declined the title, Married 
 Anne, daughter of John Blanerhasset. Died 1562. 
 Issue : Henry. 
 
 Henry Grey, Fifth Earl. Son. Declined the title. Married Mar- 
 garet, sister of Oliver St. John of Bletso. 
 Issue : — 
 Reginald. Henry. Charles. 
 
 Reginald Grey, Sixth Earl. Son. Resumed the title. Married Susan, 
 daughter of Richard Barto and Catherine, Duchess of Suffolk. Died 
 without issue, 1572. 
 
 Henry Grey, Seventh Earl. Brother. Married Mary, daughter of 
 Sir George Cotton, and widow of Edward, Earl of Derby. Died 
 1615. No issue. 
 
 Charles Grey, Eighth Earl. Brother. Married Susan, daughter of 
 Sir Richard Cotton. Died 1625. 
 Issue : — 
 Henry. 
 Susan, married Sir Michael Longville. 
 
 Henry Grey, Ninth Earl. Son. Married Elizabeth, daughter of 
 Gilbert Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury. Died 1639. No issue. 
 
 The direct male line having died out, the title of Baron Grey 
 went to the son of his sister Susan, and the title Earl of Kent 
 to Anthony Grey, great-grandson of the second Earl. 
 
NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 75 
 
 CLIFFORDS, EARLS OF CUMBERLAND. 
 
 Lord Robert de Clifford, married Isabel, daughter of Maurice, 
 Lord Berkeley. Died 1344. 
 
 Lord Ralph de Clifford. Son. Married Euphemia, daughter of 
 
 Ralph de Neville. Died 1349. 
 Lord Roger de Clifford. Son. Married Maud, daughter of Thomas 
 Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick. Died 1389. 
 Issue : — 
 Thomas. Sir William. Sir Lewis. 
 Mary, married Sir Philip Wentworth. 
 Margaret, married Sir John Melton. 
 Lord Thomas Clifford. Son. Married Elizabeth, daughter of 
 Lord Thomas Ross. Died 1391. 
 Issue : — 
 John. 
 
 Maud, married, 1st, Richard, Earl of Cambridge (his second 
 wife); 2d, John Neville, Lord Latimer. 
 Lord John Clifford. Son. Married Elizabeth, daughter of Henry- 
 Percy (Hotspur). Killed in France, 1422. 
 Lord Thomas Clifford. Son. Married Joan, daughter of Thomas, 
 Lord Dacres. Slain at St. Albans, 1455. 
 Issue : — 
 John. Sir Roger. Sir Thomas. 
 Robert, was in the Warbeck insurrection. 
 Elizabeth, married Robert Plimpton; 2d, Robert's brother 
 
 William. 
 Maud, married Sir Thomas Harrington ; 2d, Sir Edward Dudley. 
 Anne, married Sir Richard Tempest; 2d, Sir Richard Conyers. 
 Joan, married Sir Simon Musgrave. 
 Margaret, married Sir Robert Carr. 
 Lord John Clifford. Son. Married Margaret, daughter of Henry 
 Bromeflete, Lord Vesci. Killed at Towton, 1461. 
 
 Reported as having killed Edmund, Earl of Rutland, brother of 
 Edward IV. 
 Issue : — 
 Henry, was brought up as a shepherd. 
 Richard, died in exile without issue. 
 Elizabeth, married Robert Askew. 
 Lord Henry Clifford. Son. He w*as a shepherd to secure him from 
 Edward IV. and Richard III. ; was restored by Henry VII. Mar- 
 ried, 1st, Anne, daughter of Sir John St. John of Bletso. 2d, Flor- 
 ence, daughter of Sir William Pudsey. Died 1523. 
 
 Florence afterwards married Lord Richard Grey, son of Thomas, 
 Marquis of Dorset. 
 Issue : — 
 Henry, became first Earl of Cumberland. 
 
76 NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 
 
 Sir Thomas, married Lucy, daughter of Sir Anthony Brown. 
 
 Edward. 
 
 Mabel, married William Fitz -William, Earl of Southampton. 
 
 Joan, married Sir Ralph Bowes. 
 
 Anne, married Sir Robert Metcalf. 
 
 Eleanor, married Sir Ninian Markenfield. 
 
 Dorothy (by second wife), married Sir Hugh Lowther. 
 
 Henry Clifford, First Earl of Cumberland. Son. Married, 1st, Mar- 
 garet, daughter of George Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury. 2d, Marga- 
 ret, daughter of Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland. Died 1542. 
 Issue : — 
 Henry, became second Earl. 
 
 Sir Ingraham, married Anne, daughter of Sir Henry Ratcliffe. 
 Catherine, married John, Lord Scrope ; 2d, Sir Richard 
 
 Cholmley. 
 Maud, married Lord John Coniers. 
 Elizabeth, married Christopher Metcalf. 
 Jane, married Sir John Huddlestone. 
 
 Henry Clifford, Second Earl. Son. Married, 1st, Eleanor Bran- 
 don, daughter of Charles, Duke of Suffolk, and Mary Tudor. 
 2d, Anne, daughter of William, Lord Dacres. Died 1569. 
 Issue (by first wife) : — 
 Margaret, married Henry Stanley, afterwards Earl of Derby. 
 Henry, Charles, both died young. 
 
 (By second ivife) : — 
 George. Francis. 
 
 Frances, married Lord Philip Wharton. 
 Eleanor. Mary, who died young. 
 
 George Clifford, Third Earl. Son. Married Margaret, daughter 
 of Francis Russell, Earl of Bedford. Died 1605. 
 Issue : — 
 Lord Francis, Lord Robert, both died young. 
 Anne, married Richard Sackville, who became Earl of Dorset; 
 2d, Philip Herbert, Earl of Pembroke. 
 
 Francis Clifford, Fourth Earl. Brother. Married Grisold, daugh- 
 ter of Thomas Hughes, and widow of Edward Neville, Lord Aber- 
 gavenny. Died 1641. 
 Issue : — 
 Henry, became fifth Earl. 
 Margaret, married Sir Thomas Wentworth ; afterwards created 
 
 Earl of Stafford. 
 Frances, married Sir Gervase Clifton. 
 
 Henry Clifford, Fifth Earl. Son. Married Frances, daughter of 
 Robert Cecil, Earl of Salisbury. Died 1643. 
 Issue : — 
 Elizabeth, married Richard Boyle, created Earl of Burlington. 
 The male line having died out, the title reverted to the crown. 
 
NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 77 
 
 DUDLEYS, EARLS OF WARWICK, AND DUKE OF 
 NORTHUMBERLAND. 
 
 John de Sutton, Baron Dudley. Married Elizabeth, daughter of 
 Sir John Berkeley. Died about 1480. 
 
 Issue : — 
 Edmund, who died in his father's lifetime, about 1476, and had 
 
 the following children by Joyce, sister of John Tiptoft, Earl 
 
 of Worcester : John. Arthur. Jeffrey. Thomas. George. 
 
 Eleanor, married Charles Somerset, Earl of Worcester. 
 
 Thomas. Richard. Joyce. Margaret. Alice. Dorothy. 
 John, who took the name Dudley. 
 William, Bishop of Durham. 
 Margaret, married George Longville. 
 
 John Dudley. Second son. Married Elizabeth Bramshot. 
 
 Edmund Dudley. Son. Married Elizabeth, daughter of Edward 
 Grey, Viscount Lisle, who descended from the Beauchamps through 
 John Talbot, who married a Beauchamp, and his son, Viscount 
 Lisle. Executed 1510. 
 
 This was the notorious Dudley of the reign of Henry VII. 
 
 John Dudley. Son. Created Viscount Lisle, Earl of Warwick, and 
 Duke of Northumberland. Married Jane, daughter of Sir Edward 
 Guilford. Executed 1553. 
 
 Issue : — 
 Henry, killed in France. 
 John, Earl of Warwick, married Anne, daughter of Edward, 
 
 Duke of Somerset. Died in prison. 
 Ambrose, after his brother, Earl of Warwick ; third wife, Anne, 
 
 daughter of Francis, Earl of Bedford. Died 1589. 
 Robert, Earl of Leicester ; Queen Elizabeth's favorite. 
 Guilford, married Lady Jane Grey, great-granddaughter of 
 
 Henry VII. Executed 1553. 
 Henry, slain 1556. 
 Charles, died young. 
 Mary, married Sir Henry Sidney. 
 
 Katherine, married Henry Hastings, Earl of Huntingdon. 
 Margaret, Temperance, Katherine, all died young. 
 
 Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester. Fourth son. Married, 1st, Anne 
 Robsart, daughter of Sir John Robsart. 2d, Douglas Howard, 
 daughter of William, Earl of Effingham. 3d, Lettice, daughter 
 of Sir Francis Knollys, and widow of Walter, Earl of Essex. Died 
 1588. 
 
 Douglas Howard afterwards married Sir Edward Stafford. 
 
 Issue (by second wife) : — 
 Sir Robert Dudley. 
 Sir Robert Dudley. Son. Married, 1st, the sister of Thomas Cav- 
 endish. 
 
78 NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 
 
 Charles I. 3d, a daughter of Sir Robert Southwell, who followed 
 him to Italy. 
 
 He retired from England to Italy, and was there created Duke. 
 
 Issue (by second wife) : — 
 Eliza. Douglas, who died young. 
 Katherine, married Sir Richard Leverson. 
 Frances, married Sir Gilbert Kniveton. 
 Anne, married Robert Holborne. 
 
 (By third wife) : — 
 Charles, and several sisters who married into the nobility of 
 
 the Continent. 
 
 THE RATCLIFFES, EARLS OF SUSSEX. 
 
 The Ratcliffes, by descent through the Fitz -Walters, were descend- 
 ants of the Clares, and thus of Richard the Fearless, Duke of 
 Normandy. 
 Sir John Ratcliffe. He was constable in Aquitaine the first year of 
 Henry VI.' s reign. Married Elizabeth, daughter of Lord Walter 
 Fitz -Walter. Died 1437. 
 Sir John Ratcliffe, Lord Fitz -Walter. He inherited his title as heir 
 of his maternal grandfather. Executed 1495. 
 
 His brother Sir Richard was killed at the Battle of Bosworth, 
 1485. Sir John, Lord Fitz -Walter, was engaged in the 
 Warbeck insurrection, and was executed as above. 
 Robert Ratcliffe, First Earl of Sussex. Son. Created Earl in 1530; 
 Lord High Chamberlain in 1541. Married, 1st, Elizabeth Staf- 
 ford, daughter of Henry, Duke of Buckingham. 2d, Margaret 
 Stanley, daughter of Thomas, Earl of Derby. 3d, Mary, daugh- 
 ter of Sir John Arundel of Lanberne. Died 1542. 
 Issue (by first ivife) : — 
 Henry. George. Sir Humphrey. 
 
 (By second wife) : — 
 Anne, married Lord Thomas Wharton. 
 Jane, married Viscount Anthony Montague. 
 
 (By third wife) : — 
 Sir John Ratcliffe, who died without issue. 
 Henry Ratcliffe, Second Earl. Son. Married, 1st, Elizabeth, 
 daughter of Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk. 2d, Anne, daugh- 
 ter of Sir Philip Calthorpe. Died at the house of Sir Henry Sidney 
 in 1556. 
 
 Issue (by first wife) : — 
 Thomas. Henry. Francis. 
 
 (By second wife) : — 
 Egremond. He was in the Northern Rebellion ; escaped, and 
 executed at Namurs. 
 
NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 79 
 
 Frances, married Sir Thomas Mildmay, whose son Benjamin 
 became Lord Fitz- Walter on the death of the fifth Earl. 
 
 Thomas Ratcliffe, Third Earl. Son. Married, 1st, Elizabeth, 
 daughter of Thomas Wriothesly, Earl of Southampton. 2d, Fran- 
 ces, daughter of Sir William Sidney. Died 1585. 
 
 Was Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland and the great Earl of Sussex 
 in the reign of Elizabeth. (For a perfect description of this 
 Earl, see Sir Walter Scott's " Kenilworth. " ) 
 Issue : — 
 Henry and Robert, who both died young. 
 
 Henry Ratcliffe, Fourth Earl. Brother. Married Honoria, daugh- 
 ter of Anthony Pound. Died 1593. 
 
 Robert Ratcliffe, Fifth Earl. Son. Married, 1st, Bridget, daugh- 
 ter of Sir Charles Morrison. 2d, Frances, daughter of Hercules 
 Mentas. Died 1629. 
 
 He had two sons and two daughters, who all died without issue. 
 The title of Earl then came to Edward Ratcliffe, great-grand- 
 son of Robert, the first Earl. 
 
 BRANDON, DUKE OF SUFFOLK. 
 
 Charles Brandon. Son of Thomas, who fought with Henry VII. at 
 Bosworth. Edmund Pole being executed 1513, Brandon was cre- 
 ated Duke of Suffolk, 1514. Married, 1st, Margaret, daughter 
 of John Neville, Marquis of Montague. 2d, Anne, daughter of 
 Anthony Brown. 3d, Mary, daughter of Henry VII. 4th, Cath- 
 erine Willoughby, daughter of Lord William Willoughby and 
 Mary Salines. Died 1545. 
 
 Issue (by second ivife) : — 
 Anne, married Sir Edward Grey of Powys. 
 Mary, married Thomas Stanley, Lord Mounteagle. 
 
 (By third wife) : — 
 Henry, Earl of Lincoln. 
 Frances, married Henry Grey, Marquis of Dorset, afterwards 
 
 Duke of Suffolk. 
 Eleanor, married Henry Clifford, Earl of Cumberland. 
 
 (By fourth wife) : — 
 Henry and Charles, who died in 1551. 
 
 GREYS, MARQUISES OF DORSET AND DUKES OF 
 SUFFOLK. 
 
 Sir Thomas Grey, First Marquis. Son of Sir John and Elizabeth 
 Woodville (who married Edward IV. after Sir John was killed at 
 
80 NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 
 
 St. Albans). Married Cecily, daughter of Lord William Bonville 
 and Katherine Neville, daughter of Richard, Earl of Salisbury. 
 (See Katherine in Bulwer's " Last of the Barons.") Died 1502. 
 Issue : — 
 
 Edward and Anthony, who died young. 
 
 Thomas, became Marquis of Dorset. 
 
 Leonard. John. 
 
 Richard, who married the widow of Henry Clifford, the shepherd. 
 
 George, became a churchnian. 
 
 Dorothy, married Robert Willoughby, Lord Broke, and William 
 Blount, Lord Montjoy. 
 
 Cecily, married John Sutton, Lord Dudley. 
 
 Eleanor, married John Arundel. 
 
 Elizabeth, married Gerald Eitz- Gerald, Earl of Kildare. 
 
 Mary, married Walter Devereux, Viscount Hereford. 
 
 Margaret, married Richard Wake. 
 
 Anne, married Richard Clemment. 
 
 Bridget, died young. 
 
 Thomas Grey, Second Marquis. Son. Married Margaret, daugh- 
 ter of Sir Robert Wotton. Died 1530. 
 
 Issue : — 
 Henry, became Duke of Suffolk. 
 John. Thomas. 
 
 Leonard, who was executed 1539. 
 Elizabeth, married Thomas, Lord Audley, Lord-Chancellor of 
 
 England. 
 Katherine, married Henry Fitz-Alan, Earl of Arundel. 
 Anne, married Henry Willoughby of Wollaton. 
 
 Henry Grey, First Duke of Suffolk. Married, 1st, Katherine, 
 daughter of William Fitz-Alan, Earl of Arundel. 2d, Lady Fran- 
 ces Brandon, granddaughter of Henry VII. Executed 1554. 
 
 Issue : — 
 
 Lady Jane Grey, Queen for ten days, married Lord Guilford 
 Dudley; both executed 1554. 
 
 Catherine, married William Herbert, Earl of Pembroke, and 
 Edward Seymour, Earl of Hertford. 
 
 Mary, married Martin Keys, sergeant-porter to Queen Eliza- 
 beth. 
 
 THE SEYMOUR FAMILY, DUKES OF SOMERSET AND 
 MARQUISES OF HERTFORD. 
 
 The name was originally St. Maur. They are descended from the 
 Beauchamps by the marriage of Roger Seymour to a daughter 
 of Baron John Beauchamp in the reign of Edward III. ; also by 
 descent from Lord Lisle, son of John Talbot, Earl of Shrews- 
 bury, who married Richard Beauchamp' s daughter. 
 
NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 81 
 
 Sir John Seymour. Married Margaret, a daughter of Sir Henry 
 Wentworth, who descended from " Hotspur." Died 1536. 
 Issue : — 
 
 Edward, Duke of Somerset ; executed 1552. 
 
 Henry. 
 
 Thomas, Lord Sudley, married Catherine Parr, widow of 
 Henry VIII. ; executed 1549. 
 
 Jane, married Henry VIII. ; died 1537. 
 
 Elizabeth, married Gregory Cromwell, son of Thomas Crom- 
 well. 
 
 Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset. Married, 1st, Catherine, 
 daughter of Sir William Fillot. 2d, Anne Stanhope, descended 
 from Thomas of Gloucester. Executed 1552. 
 Issue (by first wife) : — 
 Sir John ; no issue ; died 1553. 
 Sir Edward, ancestor of the present family. 
 
 (By second wife) : — 
 Edward, Earl of Hertford ; died 1621, aged 83. 
 Lord Thomas, had a command in the navy at the time of the 
 
 Armada. 
 Anne, married John Dudley, Earl of Warwick. 
 Mary, married Henry Peyton. 
 Jane, died unmarried in 1563. 
 Katherine, Margaret, died unmarried. 
 
 Edward Seymour, Earl of Hertford. Married, 1st, Catherine 
 Grey, who died 1567. 2d, Frances Howard, sister of Charles, 
 Earl of Nottingham. 3d, Frances Howard, daughter of first 
 Viscount Bindon. Died 1621. 
 
 Issue by Catherine Grey : — 
 Edward, Lord Beauchamp, married Honoria Rogers ; died 1618. 
 
 Edward, his son, died before him, in 1617. 
 William, Earl of Hertford, created Duke ; died 1660. 
 Francis, Baron Seymour. 
 
 "William Seymour, Second Duke. Married, 1st, Arabella Stuart, 
 cousin to James I., and daughter of Charles, Earl of Lenox; she 
 died 1615. 2d, Frances Devereux, daughter of Essex, Eliza- 
 beth's favorite ; her brother was the Essex of the Parliamentary 
 Army. Died 1660. 
 
 Henry, Lord Beauchamp, married Mary Capel ; died before his 
 
 father, 1656. 
 John, became fourth Duke of Somerset. 
 Elizabeth, married Thomas Bruce, Earl of Ailesbury. 
 
 William Seymour, Third Duke. Son of Henry, Lord Beauchamp. 
 Succeeded his grandfather, and died unmarried 1671. 
 
 John Seymour, Fourth Duke. Son of second Duke. Died without 
 issue in 1675. 
 
82 NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 
 
 Francis Seymour, Fifth Duke. Grandson of Francis Seymour, 
 "brother of second Duke. Shot in Italy in 1678. 
 
 Charles Seymour, Sixth Duke. Brother. Married Elizabeth 
 Percy, daughter of Joceline, the last Earl of Northumberland. 
 Died 1748. 
 
 Algernon Seymour, Seventh Earl. Son. Died 1750. 
 
 His daughter married Sir Hugh Smithson, who became Duke of 
 Northumberland. 
 
 The title then came to Edward Seymour, a descendant of the 
 elder branch of the first Duke by his first wife, which he 
 had passed over, as seen above, in the interest of the chil- 
 dren by his second wife. 
 
 Edward Seymour, Eighth Duke. Died 1757. 
 
 Edward Seymour, Ninth Duke. Son. Died 1792, aged 84. 
 
 Webt Seymour, Tenth Duke. Brother. Died 1793. 
 
 Edward Adolphus Seymour, Eleventh Duke. Son. Died 1855. 
 (See Hawthorne, "English Notes," p. 144.) 
 
 Edward Adolphus Seymour, Twelfth Duke. Son. His son is 
 Edward Adolphus Ferdinand Seymour. 
 
 They now spell the name St. Maur. 
 
 THE LENNOXES, WHO BECAME DUKES OF RICHMOND. 
 
 Charles Lennox, First Duke of Richmond. Son of Charles II. by 
 Louise Renee de Penencourt, Duchess of Portsmouth. Created 
 Duke 1675. Served with William III. in Flanders. Died 1723. 
 
 Charles Lennox, Second Duke. Son. Married Sarah Cardogan, 
 daughter of Marlborough's favorite, General William, Earl Cardo- 
 gan. Died 1751. 
 Issue : — 
 
 1. Charles, became Duke. 
 
 2. Georgiana Caroline, married Henry Fox, father of Charles 
 
 James Fox. 
 
 3. Emilia, married James, Earl of Kildare. 
 
 4. Sarah, married, 1st, Thomas Charles Bunbury; 2d, Honora- 
 
 ble George Napier, father of General Sir Charles James 
 Napier, Indian General, and General Sir William Napier 
 of the Peninsula War. 
 
 5. George Henry Lennox. 
 
 Charles Lennox, Third Duke. Son. In the ministry. Died 1806. 
 Left no issue. 
 
 Charles Lennox, Fourth Duke. Son of George Henry Lennox. 
 Governor-General of Canada in 1818. Married Charlotte, daugh- 
 ter of the Duke of Gordon. Died of hydrophobia in Montreal, 1819. 
 
NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 83 
 
 Charles Lennox, Fifth Duke. Son. Married Caroline Paget, 
 daughter of the Marquis of Anglesey. Served on Wellington's 
 staff. Died 1860. 
 
 Charles Gordon Lennox, Sixth Duke. Son. 
 
 THE DE LA POLES, DUKES OF SUFFOLK. 
 
 "William de la Pole, a merchant of Hull, loaned Edward III. large 
 sums of money. 
 
 Michael de la Pole, First Duke. Favorite of Richard II. Expelled 
 1387. Died 1389. 
 
 "William de la Pole, Second Duke. Son. Died at Harfleur, 1415. 
 
 William de la Pole, Third Duke. Son. Married Alice Chaucer, 
 granddaughter of the poet. Executed 1450. 
 
 John de la Pole, Fourth Duke. Son. Married Elizabeth, sister of 
 Richard III. Died 1491. 
 Issue : — 
 John he la Pole, Earl of Lincoln, heir of Richard III • killed 
 
 1487. 
 Edmund de la Pole, Earl of Suffolk ; executed 1513. 
 Humphrey de la Pole, entered the Church. 
 Edward de la Pole, entered the Church. 
 Richard de la Pole, killed at the battle of Pavia, 1525. 
 
 Do not confound this Richard with Sir Richard Pole who 
 married Margaret, Countess of Salisbury; he was not of 
 this family. 
 
 Margaret, Countess of Salisbury. Daughter of George, Duke of 
 Clarence. Married Sir Richard Pole, a Welshman, and follower 
 of Henry VII. Executed 1541. 
 Issue : — 
 Henry Pole, Lord Montague; he married Jane, daughter of 
 
 George Neville, Lord Abergavenny; executed 1539. 
 Sir Geoffrey Pole, imprisoned for life in 1538. 
 Arthur Pole, imprisoned for life in 1538. 
 Reginald Pole, became Cardinal ; died 1558. 
 Ursula Pole, married Henry Stafford, son of Edward, Duke 
 of Buckingham. 
 
 Geoffrey Pole had two sons, Arthur and Edmund, who were 
 imprisoned for life in 1563. Also, a daughter, who mar- 
 ried Anthony Fortescue. 
 Henry Pole, Lord Montague, had two daughters : Katherine, 
 married Francis, Earl of Huntingdon. Winifride, mar- 
 ried, 1st, Sir Thomas Hastings, second son of George, 
 Earl of Huntingdon ; 2d, Sir Thomas Barington. 
 
84 NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 
 
 THE RUSSELLS, EARLS AND DUKES OF BEDFORD. 
 
 Sir John Russell, First Earl of Bedford. Married Anne, daughter 
 
 of Sir Guy Sapcotes. Died 1555. 
 Francis Russell, Second Earl. Son. Married, 1st, Margaret, 
 daughter of Sir John St. John. 2d, Bridget, widow of Henry, 
 Earl of Rutland. Died 1585. He outlived his sons. 
 Issue : — 
 Two sons, the first and second, died in youth. 
 Francis Russell, third son. His son Edward became third Earl. 
 Sir William Russell, fought at Zutphen. His son Francis 
 
 became fourth Earl. 
 A daughter married Ambrose Dudley, Earl of Warwick. 
 Another daughter married George Clifford, Earl of Cumberland. 
 Another, married William Bouchier, Earl of Bath. 
 
 Edward Russell, Third Earl. Grandson. Died unmarried, 1627. 
 
 His sister Anne married Lord Herbert, grandnephew of Cath- 
 erine Parr. 
 
 Francis Russell, Fourth Earl. Cousin. Married Catherine, daugh- 
 ter of Lord Chandos. Died 1641. 
 
 William Russell, First Duke. Son. Married Anne Carr, daughter 
 of Carr, Earl of Somerset, and Frances Howard. Anne was born 
 in the Tower. He was in the Parliamentary Army; made Duke 
 1694 ; and died 1700, at the age of 87. 
 Issue : — 
 William Russell, second son, married Rachel Wriothesley, 
 daughter of the Earl of Southampton. He was concerned 
 in the Rye House plot, and executed in 1683. 
 
 Wriothesley Russell, Second Duke. Son. Died 1711. 
 
 Wriothesley Russell, Third Duke. Son. Died 1732. 
 
 John Russell, Fourth Duke. Brother. Married Diana Spencer, 
 
 daughter of Charles, Earl of Sunderland. Died 1771. 
 Francis Russell, Fifth Duke. Grandson. Died unmarried in 1802. 
 John Russell, Sixth Duke. Brother. Died 1839. 
 Francis Russell, Seventh Duke. Son. Died 1861. His brother 
 
 was the distinguished Lord John Russell, afterwards Earl Russell. 
 
 William Russell, Eighth Duke. Only son. Duke of Bedford. 
 
 BOLEYN FAMILY. 
 
 Sir William Boleyn. Married Margaret, daughter of Thomas 
 Butler, last Earl of Ormond and Wiltshire. He was made a knight 
 at the coronation of Richard III. 
 
NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 85 
 
 Sir Thomas Boleyn. Son. Married Elizabeth Howard, daughter 
 of Thomas, Duke of Norfolk ; she died 1512. 
 
 His brother was Edward Boleyn. His sister was Anne Boleyn, 
 
 who married Sir John Skelton. 
 
 Issue : — 
 Anne Boleyn, married Henry VIII. , having been previously 
 
 engaged to Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland. 
 Mary Boleyn, married, 1st, William Carey, who was descended 
 
 from the Beauforts ; 2d, Sir William Stafford, in 1533. 
 George Boleyn, married Jane Manners, daughter of Lord 
 
 Morley, who was a grandson of Anne, sister of Edward IV., 
 
 by her second husband, Thomas St. Leger. Anne Leger's 
 
 daughter Elizabeth married Sir John Manners, father of the 
 
 first Earl of Rutland. 
 Mary Boleyn-Carey. Sister of Queen Anne. 
 
 Issue : — 
 Henry Carey, created Lord Hunsdon in 1559. 
 Katherine Carey, married Sir Francis Knollys. His daughter 
 
 married the Earl of Essex. 
 
 Henry Carey, Lord Hunsdon. Governor of Berwick in 1583. 
 Issue : — 
 
 Sir John Carey, Marshal of Berwick. 
 
 George Carey, second Lord Hunsdon. His son Henry became 
 third Lord Hunsdon and Earl of Dover. 
 
 Robert Carey, created Earl of Monmouth. 
 
 Katherine Carey, married Charles Howard, Earl of Notting- 
 ham, and died 1C03. 
 
 KNOLLYS FAMILY. 
 
 Sir Francis Knollys. Married Katherine Carey, daughter of 
 Mary Boleyn, the sister of Anne Boleyn. Died 1596. 
 
 His daughter Lettice married, 1st, Walter Devereux, Earl of 
 Essex, died 1576; 2d, Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, 
 died 1588 ; 3d, Sir Christopher Blount, executed 1601. 
 Another daughter, Elizabeth, married Sir Thomas Leighton. 
 
 Sir "William Knollys. Son. Created Earl of Banbury. Married, 
 1st, Dorothy, daughter of Edmund, Lord Bray. 2d, Elizabeth, 
 daughter of Thomas Howard, Earl of Suffolk. No issue. 
 
 THE FAMILY OF GRENVILLE, EARLS TEMPLE AND 
 DUKES OF BUCKINGHAM. 
 
 Richard Grenville, Sheriff of Buckinghamshire, 
 daughter of Sir Richard Temple ; she died 1752. 
 
86 NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 
 
 Issue : — 
 
 Richard Grenville, became first Earl. 
 
 George Grenville, in the ministry with Pitt ; married a sister 
 of the Earl of Egremont; died 1770. Issue: George Gren- 
 ville, became second Earl. Thomas Grenville. William 
 Grenville, Baron Grenville ; was in the cabinet with Pitt and 
 Fox ; died 1834. And several others. 
 
 James Grenville, father of Lord Glastonbury. 
 
 Henry Grenville, Governor of Barbadoes. 
 
 Hester Grenville, married William Pitt, Earl of Chatham. 
 
 Richard Grenville, First Earl Temple. Married Anna Chamber. 
 Died 1779. 
 
 George Grenville, Second Earl. Became Earl Temple on the death 
 of his uncle, and Marquis of Buckingham in 1784. Died 1813. 
 
 Richard Temple-Nugent-Grenville, Third Earl, First Duke. Son 
 of second Earl. Became Duke of Buckingham in 1822. Married 
 Anne Eliza Brydges, daughter of the Duke of Chandos. Died 1839. 
 
 Richard Flantagenet-Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Gren- 
 ville, Second Duke. Son of first Duke. Married a sister of the 
 Marquis of Breadalbane. Died 1861. 
 
 Richard Plantagenet-Campbell-Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chan- 
 dos-Grenville. Son of second Duke. Died 1889. 
 
 THE FITZMAURICES, MARQUISES OF LANSDOWNE. 
 
 The Fitzmaurices descended from the Fitz- Walter who married 
 Nesta, the mistress of Henry I. 
 
 Thomas Fitzmaurice, Twenty-second Lord and First Earl of Kerry. 
 Married Anne Petty, daughter of Sir William Petty. Died 1741. 
 
 John Fitzmaurice. Second son. Inherited the Petty estates, and 
 took the name Petty. Created Earl of Shelburne in 1753. Mar- 
 ried his cousin Mary Fitzmaurice. Died 1761. 
 
 William Petty, First Marquis of Lansdowne. Son of John. Created 
 Marquis of Lansdowne in 1784. Married, 1st, Sophia, daughter of 
 John Carteret, Lord Granville. 2d, Mary Fitzpatrick, daughter 
 of the Earl of Upper Osssry. Died 1805. 
 
 John Petty, Second Marquis of Lansdowne. Son of William. Died 
 1809. 
 
 Henry Petty, Third Marquis of Lansdowne. Brother. Died 1863. 
 
 Henry C. K. Petty Fitzmaurice, Fourth Marquis of Lansdowne. 
 Son. Resumed the family name. Married, 1st, the daughter of 
 George Augustus Herbert, Earl of Pembroke. 2d, the daughter 
 of the Count of Flahault. The Marquis was appointed Governor- 
 General of Canada in 1883, and Viceroy of India in 1888. 
 
NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 87 
 
 THE FAMILY OF CECIL, EARLS OF SALISBURY. 
 
 "William Cecil, Lord Burghley. Elizabeth's great minister. Son of 
 Richard Cecil, Sheriff of Rutland. Married, 1st, Mariam Cheke. 
 2d, Mildred Cooke ; her sister married Nicholas Bacon. Died 1598. 
 Issue (by first loife) : — 
 Thomas Cecil, Earl of Exeter; knighted at Kenilworth by 
 Elizabeth in 1575. 
 (By second wife) : — 
 Robert Cecil, Elizabeth's second minister. 
 Anne Cecil, married Edward de Vere, thirteenth Earl of Oxford. 
 Thomas Cecil, First Earl of Exeter. Son of William. Married 
 Frances Brydges, daughter of William, Lord Chandos. Died 1622. 
 Issue : — 
 William Cecil, became second Earl. 
 Richard Cecil, his son became third Earl. 
 Sir Edward Cecil, Viscount Wimbledon. 
 William Cecil, Second Earl. Married Elizabeth, daughter of 
 Edward Manners, Earl of Rutland. Died 1640. 
 Son : — 
 William Cecil, Lord Roos, married Elizabeth Lake ; died 1618. 
 David Cecil, Third Earl. Nephew ; son of Richard. With Crom- 
 well. Married Elizabeth, daughter of John Egerton, Earl of 
 Bridgewater. Died 1643. 
 
 John Cecil, Fourth Earl. Son of David. Died 1688. 
 
 His sister Frances married the Earl of Shaftesbury. 
 
 John Cecil, Fifth Earl. Son. Married a sister of the Duke of Dev- 
 onshire. Died 1700. 
 
 John Cecil, Sixth Earl. Son. Married Elizabeth Brownlow. 
 Died 1721. 
 
 John Cecil, Seventh Earl. First son. Died unmarried in 1722. 
 
 Brownlow Cecil, Eighth Earl. Brother. Died 1754. 
 
 Brownlow Cecil, Ninth Earl. Son. Died without issue, 1793. 
 
 Henry Cecil, Tenth Earl. Nephew. Created Marquis. Married 
 Sarah Hoggins. Died 1804. 
 
 Brownlow Cecil, Eleventh Earl, Second Marquis. 
 
 Robert Cecil. Created Earl of Salisbury. Son of William, Lord 
 Burghley. Married Elizabeth Brooke of Cobham. Died 1612. 
 His daughter married the Earl of Cumberland. 
 William Cecil, Second Earl. Son of Robert. Married Catherine 
 Howard, daughter of the Earl of Suffolk. Died 1668, aged 78. 
 His son Charles, Viscount Cranborne, died before his father, 
 1659. 
 
88 NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 
 
 His daughter, Anne Cecil, married Algernon Percy, Earl of 
 Northumberland. 
 
 James Cecil, Third Earl. Son of Charles. Died 1683. 
 
 James Cecil, Fourth Earl. Son. Married Frances Bennet. Died 
 1694. 
 
 James Cecil, Fifth Earl. Son. Married Anne Tufton, daughter of 
 the Earl of Thanet. Died 1728. 
 
 James Cecil, Sixth Earl. Son. Died 1780. 
 
 James Cecil, Seventh Earl. Son. Created Marquis. Married Mary 
 Amelia, daughter of the Marquis of Devonshire, who was acci- 
 dentally burned to death. Died 1823. 
 
 James Brownlow William Cecil, Second Marquis. Married Fran- 
 ces Mary Gascoyne, second daughter of the Earl of Delaware. 
 
 Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne Cecil, Third Marquis of Salis- 
 bury. Present Premier (1889). 
 
 VILLIERS FAMILY, EARLS OF JERSEY AND CLARENDON. 
 
 Sir George Villiers, Sheriff of Leicester in 1591. Died 1606. 
 
 Issue (by first wife) : — 
 Sir William Villiers of Brooksby, Baronet. 
 Sir Edward Villiers, died 1626. 
 
 (By second wife) : — 
 Susan Villiers, married William Fielding, Earl of Denbigh. 
 John Villiers, Viscount Parbeck, married a daughter of Sir 
 
 Edward Coke ; died 1657. 
 George Villiers, the celebrated Duke of Buckingham. 
 Christopher Villiers, Earl of Anglesea. 
 
 George Villiers, First Duke of Buckingham. Son. Made Duke 
 1623. Married Catherine Manners, daughter of the Earl of Rut- 
 land. Killed 1628. 
 
 George Villiers, second Duke. 
 
 Francis Villiers, killed 1648. 
 
 Mary Villiers, married, 1st, Charles Herbert, son of the Earl 
 of Pembroke ; 2d, James Stuart, Duke of Richmond and 
 Lennox ; 3d, Thomas Howard, brother of the first Earl of 
 Carlisle. 
 
 George Villiers, Second Duke of Buckingham. Married Mary Fair- 
 fax, daughter of the parliamentary general. Died 1687. 
 
 Was one of the " Cabal" Ministry. Killed the Earl of Shrews- 
 bury in a duel. 
 This family line became extinct. 
 
NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 89 
 
 Sir Edward Villiers. Half-brother of first Duke. Married Bar- 
 bara, daughter of Sir John St. John. 
 Issue : — 
 
 William Villiers, became second Viscount Grandison ; died 
 1643. His daughter Barbara was the Duchess of Cleveland, 
 mistress of Charles II. 
 
 John Villiers, third Viscount Grandison. 
 
 George Villiers, fourth Viscount Grandison ; died 1699. His 
 son Edward died before his father; his (Edward's) daughter 
 Harriet married Robert Pitt, father of the first great Pitt. 
 Another son, John, fifth Viscount Grandison, died 1766. 
 This line then became extinct. 
 
 Edward Villiers, married a daughter of Theophilus Howard, 
 Earl of Suffolk, and died in 1689. His daughter Elizabeth 
 married a son of the Duke of Hamilton, and was mistress 
 to William III. His daughter Anne married William Ben- 
 tinck, founder of the Portland family. His son Edward 
 created Earl of Jersey. 
 
 Edward Villiers, First Earl of Jersey. Son of Edward Villiers; 
 grandson of Sir Edward, half-brother of first Duke. Married 
 Barbara Chiffinch. Died 1711. 
 
 William Villiers, Second Earl. Son. Died 1721. 
 Issue : — 
 William Villiers, third Earl of Jersey. 
 Thomas Villiers, Earl of Clarendon. 
 
 William Villiers, Third Earl of Jersey. Son. Died 1769. 
 
 George Bussey Villiers, Fourth Earl of Jersey. Son. His wife 
 was mistress of George IV. 
 
 His daughter married, 1st, the Marquis of Anglesea; 2d, the 
 Duke of Argyll. 
 
 George Villiers, Fifth Earl. Son. Married Sophia, daughter of 
 John Fane, the Earl of Westmoreland. Died 1859. 
 
 George Augustus Frederick Villiers, Sixth Earl. Son. Married 
 a daughter of Sir Robert Peel. Died 1859. 
 
 Victor Albert George Child Villiers, Seventh Earl of Jersey. 
 Present Earl. 
 
 Thomas Villiers, First Earl of Clarendon. Second son of William 
 Villiers, second Earl of Jersey. Married Charlotte Capel, 
 daughter of William, third Earl of Essex, and his wife Jane, who 
 was the heiress of Henry Hyde, Earl of Clarendon. Died 1786. 
 
 Thomas Villiers, Second Earl of Clarendon. Son. Died 1824. 
 
 John Charles Villiers, Third Earl of Clarendon. Died 1838. 
 
 George William Frederick Villiers, Fourth Earl of Clarendon. 
 Son of John. His brother, the Honorable Charles- Pelham Villiers, 
 died 1861. 
 
90 NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 
 
 THE LEVERSON-GOWER FAMILY, EARLS GRANVILLE 
 AND DUKES OF SUTHERLAND. 
 
 Sir Thomas Gower was made a Baronet in the reign of James I. His 
 son married, 1st, a daughter of Sir William Howard of the Carlisle 
 Howard ; 2d, Francis, daughter of Sir John Leverson. Their son 
 Edward died before his father. 
 
 Sir Thomas Gower. Son of Edward. Died 1689. 
 
 Sir William Gower. Uncle. Married Jane, daughter of John 
 Granville, Earl of Bath. 
 
 Sir John Leverson- Gower. Son. Married a daughter of the Duke 
 of Rutland. Made Baron. Died 1709. 
 
 Lord John Gower. Son. Created Viscount Trentham and Earl 
 Gower in 1746. Married the daughter of Evelyn Pierrepont, Duke 
 of Kingston. Died 1754. 
 
 Granville Gower, Second Earl. Son. Married Louisa Egerton, 
 daughter of Scroop Egerton, Duke of Bridgewater. Made Marquis 
 in 1786, and died 1803. 
 
 George Granville Gower, Second Marquis. Son. Married Eliza- 
 beth, daughter of the Earl of Sutherland. Made Duke of Suther- 
 land. Died 1833. 
 Issue : — 
 George Granville Gower, second Duke. 
 Francis Leverson- Gower, created Earl of Ellesmere. 
 George Granville Gower, Second Duke. Son. Married Harriet 
 Elizabeth, daughter of George Howard, sixth Earl of Carlisle. 
 Died 1861. 
 George Granville William Gower, Third Duke. Married Anne, 
 daughter of John McKenzie, Esq. 
 
 George, Earl Granville, who was in the Gladstone ministry in 
 1880, was a son of Lord Granville Leverson- Gower, a son of 
 the first Marquis. 
 
 THE CLINTONS, EARLS OF LINCOLN AND DUKES OF 
 NEWCASTLE. 
 
 The Clintons were ennobled in the reign of Henry II., and the 
 Duke of Newcastle is to-day the only duke outside the Royal 
 Family whose family was ennobled during the Crusades. 
 
 Edward Clinton, First Earl, Lord High Admiral. Married Eliza- 
 beth Fitzgerald, "Fair Geraldine of Surrey." Died 1585. 
 
 Henry Clinton, Second Earl. Son. From his second son, Sir Ed- 
 ward Clinton, is descended the present branch. Died 1616. 
 
NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 91 
 
 Thomas Clinton, Third Earl. Son. Died 1619. 
 
 Theophilus Clinton, Fourth Earl. Son. Married a daughter of Wil- 
 liam Fiennes, Lord Say and Sele. In Parliamentary Army. Died 1667. 
 His son Edward died before him. 
 
 Edward Clinton, Fifth Earl. Son of Edward. Died without issue, 
 1692. 
 
 Francis Clinton, Sixth Earl. Great-grandson of Henry, second Earl. 
 Died 1693. 
 
 His younger son, George, was a distinguished Admiral, and 
 Governor- General of New York. George's son, Sir Henry 
 Clinton, was commander-in-chief of the royal troops during 
 the Revolutionary War. 
 
 Henry Clinton, Seventh Earl. Son. Married Lucy, sister of Thomas 
 Pelham, Duke of Newcastle. Died 1728. 
 
 George Clinton, Eighth Earl. Son. Died 1730, aged 13. 
 
 Henry Clinton, Ninth Earl. Brother. Became Duke of Newcastle 
 in 1768. Married his cousin, Catherine Pelham, daughter of 
 Henry Pelham. Died 1794. 
 
 Thomas Clinton, Second Duke. Son of Henry. Died 1795. 
 
 Henry Clinton, Third Duke. Son. Died 1851. 
 
 Henry Pelham Fiennes Clinton, Fourth Duke. Son. In the Min- 
 istry. Died 1861. 
 
 Henry Pelham Alexander Clinton, Fifth Duke. Son. Present 
 Duke of Newcastle. 
 
 CAVENDISHES, DUKES OF DEVONSHIRE. 
 
 "William Cavendish. Married widow Elizabeth Hardwick ; she 
 afterwards married George Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury. Died 1557. 
 Issue : — 
 
 Henry Cavendish, married his step- sister, Grace Talbot. 
 
 William Cavendish, settled a colony in Virginia. 
 
 Charles Cavendish. His son became Duke of Newcastle, and 
 died 1676. 
 
 Mary Cavendish, married her step- brother, Gilbert Talbot. 
 
 Frances Cavendish, married Sir Henry Pierrepont. 
 
 Elizabeth Cavendish, married Charles Stewart, Earl of Len- 
 nox, father of Arabella Stewart. 
 
 William Cavendish, First Earl. Son of Elizabeth Hardwick. Cre- 
 ated Earl of Devonshire, and died in 1625, aged 75. 
 
 William Cavendish, Second Earl. Son. Married Christian, daugh- 
 ter -of Edward, Lord Bruce. Died 1628. 
 
 William Cavendish, Third Earl. Son. Died 1684. 
 
92 NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 
 
 William Cavendish, First Duke. Son. Created Marquis of Hart- 
 ington and Duke of Devonshire in 1694. Died 1707. 
 
 "William Cavendish, Second Duke. Son. Married Rachel, daugh- 
 ter of Lord William Russell. Died 1729. 
 
 Henry Cavendish the Chemist was his grandson. 
 
 William Cavendish, Third Duke. Son. Died 1755. 
 
 William Cavendish, Fourth Duke. Son. Was in the Ministry with 
 Pitt. Died 1764. 
 
 William Cavendish, Fifth Duke. Son. Married Georgiana, daugh- 
 ter of John, Earl Spencer. Died 1811. 
 
 His brother, George Henry Cavendish, created Earl of Burlington. 
 
 William Spencer Cavendish, Sixth Duke. Son. Unmarried. Died 
 1858. 
 
 William Cavendish, Seventh Duke. Grandson of George, Earl of 
 Burlington. 
 
 Spencer Compton Cavendish, his son, is Marquis of Harting- 
 ton. Born 1853. 
 
 BRUCE, LORDS OF SKELTON AND ANANDALE. 
 
 Robert de Brus (or Bruce). A Norman knight who came over with 
 the Conqueror, and was given ninety- four lordships in Yorkshire. 
 
 Robert de Bruce. Son. Married Agnes, daughter of Fouke Pay- 
 nell. Died 1141. 
 Issue : — 
 Adam, Lord of Skelton in England. 
 Robert, Lord of Anandale in Scotland. 
 Agatha, married Ralph, Lord of Middleham. 
 
 Robert de Bruce, Lord of Anandale. Son. 
 
 William de Bruce, Lord of Anandale. Son. 
 
 Robert de Bruce. Son. Married Isabel, daughter of David, Earl 
 of Huntingdon, brother of William, King of Scotland. 
 
 Robert de Bruce. Son. Married, 1st, Isabel, daughter of Gilbert 
 de Clare, Earl of Gloucester. 2d, Margery, daughter of the Earl 
 of Carrick. Died 1294. 
 
 He was one of the competitors for the crown of Scotland on the 
 death of Alexander III. in 1286. 
 Issue : — 
 Robert, Lord of Anandale, died 1304. His daughter Isabel 
 married Erik, King of Norway, widower of Margaret of 
 Scotland. 
 Robert, Earl of Carrick (son by second marriage). 
 Nigel. Thomas. Alexander. Edward. 
 
NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 93 
 
 Robert Bruce, Earl of Carrick, King of Scotland. Married, 1st, 
 Isabella of Mar. 2d, Elizabeth de Burgh. Defeated the 
 English at Bannockburn, 1314. Died 1329. 
 Issue : — 
 David, became King after his father. 
 Margery, married Walter Stewart, sixth Steward of Scotland, 
 
 whose son became King of Scotland. 
 Margaret, married William, Earl of Sunderland. 
 Matilda. 
 
 THE VANES OR FANES, EARLS OF WESTMORELAND AND 
 DARLINGTON, AND DUKES OF CLEVELAND. 
 
 The Vanes are also descendants of the Le Despensers. (See San- 
 ford & Townsend's " Governing Families.") 
 
 Richard Fane. Married Agnes Stidolph. His brother John was 
 ancestor of the Vanes. 
 
 George Fane. Son. Married Joan Waller. Died 1571. 
 
 Thomas Fane. Son. Married Mary Neville, daughter of Henry- 
 Neville, Lord Abergavenny, descended from the great Neville fam- 
 ily. He engaged in Wyat's insurrection. Died 1589. 
 
 Francis Fane, First Earl of Westmoreland. Son. Created Earl 
 1624. Died 1628. 
 
 Charles Neville, the last Earl of the Neville family, was attainted 
 in 1570, and died in the Netherlands. 
 
 Mildmay Fane, Second Earl. Son. Married a daughter of Lord 
 Vere. Died 1665. 
 
 Charles Fane, Third Earl. Son. 
 
 Vere Fane, Fourth Earl. Brother. Died 1693. 
 
 Vere Fane, Fifth Earl. Son. 
 
 Thomas Fane, Sixth Earl. Brother. Died 1736. 
 
 John Fane, Seventh Earl. Brother. Fought with Marlborough. Died 
 without issue, 1762. 
 
 Thomas Fane, Eighth Earl. Great-grandson of the first Earl's 
 younger son Francis. Died 1771. 
 
 John Fane, Ninth Earl. Son. Died 1774. 
 John Fane, Tenth Earl. Son. Died 1841. 
 
 His daughter Sarah Sophia married George Villiers, Earl of 
 Jersey. 
 
 John Fane, Eleventh Earl. Son. A musical composer. Died 1859. 
 
 Francis William Henry Fane, Twelfth Earl. Son. Earl of West- 
 moreland. 
 
94 NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 
 
 They are descendants of the great Neville family. The Earl of 
 Abergavenny is the only direct heir male of the great house 
 of Neville, all other descendants being through female lines. 
 From Richard Fane's brother John descended the following: — 
 
 Henry Fane. Son of John. Died 1581. 
 
 Henry Fane. Son. Was in the camp at Tilbury at time of Spanish 
 invasion. Died 1596. 
 
 Sir Harry Vane. Son. Resumed the old name. Married Frances 
 Darcy. Died 1654. 
 
 Sir Harry Vane. Son. Governor of Massachusetts, 1636. u O Sir 
 Harry Vane ! " Executed 1662. 
 
 Christopher Vane. Son. Created Baron Barnard 1699. Married 
 Elizabeth, sister of the Duke of Newcastle. Died 1723. 
 
 Gilbert Vane, Second Baron. Son. Died 1753. 
 
 Henry Vane, Third Baron. Son. Third Lord Barnard; created 
 Earl of Darlington, 1754. Married Grace, daughter of Charles 
 Fitzroy, Duke of Cleveland, son of Charles II. Died 1756. 
 
 Henry Vane, Second Earl of Darlington. Son. Died 1792. 
 
 William Henry Vane, Third Earl. Son. Created Duke of Cleve- 
 land, 1833, and Baron Raby of Raby Castle. Died 1842. 
 
 Henry Vane, Second Duke. Son. Died without issue, 1864. 
 
 William Vane, Third Duke. Brother. Died without issue, 1864. 
 
 Harry George Vane, Fourth Duke of Cleveland. Brother. 
 
 THE GROSVENORS, MARQUISES OF WESTMINSTER. 
 
 Richard Grosvenor, First Baronet. Belonged to the Parliamentary 
 Party. Died 1645. 
 
 Richard Grosvenor, Second Baronet. Son. His son Roger killed 
 in a duel, 1661. 
 
 Thomas Grosvenor, Third Baronet. Son of Roger. Married Mary 
 Davis, and obtained much of London. Died 1700. 
 
 Richard Grosvenor, Fourth Baronet. Son. 
 
 Thomas Grosvenor, Fifth Baronet. Brother. Died 1733. 
 
 Robert Grosvenor, Sixth Baronet. Brother. Died 1755. 
 
 Richard Grosvenor, Seventh Baronet. Son. Created Baron, 1761 ; 
 Viscount Belgrave and Earl Grosvenor in 1784. Family disturbed 
 by Duke of Cumberland. 
 
 Robert Grosvenor, Second Earl. Son. Created Marquis of West- 
 minster, 1831. Died 1844. 
 
 His second son Thomas became Earl of Wilton. 
 
 Richard Grosvenor, Second Marquis of Westminster. Son. Prob- 
 ably the richest man in the world. 
 
NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 95 
 
 THE BENTINCKS, DUKES OF PORTLAND. 
 
 Hans William Bentinck. Was page to William III. while Prince 
 of Orange. Created Earl of Portland. His first wife was a Vil- 
 liers, sister of the Earl of Jersey ; his second, sister of Henry 
 Temple, Viscount Palmerston. Died 1709. 
 
 Henry Bentinck, First Duke. Son. Created Duke of Portland, 
 1716. Married Elizabeth Noel, daughter of the Earl of Gains- 
 borough. Died 1726. 
 
 William Bentinck, Second Duke. Son. Married Margaret Cav- 
 endish Harley, daughter of Edward, Earl of Oxford. Died 1762. 
 
 William Henry Bentinck, Third Duke. Son. The great Duke of 
 Portland. Died 1809. 
 
 His second son, William Cavendish Bentinck, was Governor- 
 General of India. 
 
 George Bentinck, Fourth Duke. Son. Died 1854. 
 
 His second son, George, was a leader of the Conservative Party. 
 
 William John Scott Bentinck, Fifth Duke of Portland. Son. 
 
 DUKES OF GRAFTON. 
 
 Barbara Villiers. Mistress of Charles II. She was a grandniece of 
 the first Duke of Buckingham ; a daughter of William Villiers, 
 Viscount Grandison ; and cousin of Elizabeth Villiers, mistress 
 and counsellor of William III. Died 1709. 
 Issue : — 
 Charles Fitzroy, Duke of Southampton ; died young. 
 Henry Fitzroy, created Duke of Grafton, 1679 ; died 1690. 
 George Fitzroy, Duke of Northumberland. 
 Anne Fitzroy, Countess of Sussex. 
 
 Henry Fitzroy, First Duke. Son. Married Isabella Bennett, 
 daughter of Henry, Earl of Arlington, of the Cabal Ministry. 
 Died 1690. 
 
 Charles Fitzroy, Second Duke. Son. Married Henrietta Somer- 
 set, granddaughter of the Duke of Beaufort. Died 1757. 
 
 His son Augustus died in 1741 ; also two other sons before 
 him. 
 
 Augustus Henry Fitzroy, Third Duke. Son of Augustus. Was 
 in the ministry with both the Pitts. Died 1811, aged 76. 
 His brother Charles created Baron Southampton. 
 
 George Henry Fitzroy, Fourth Duke. Son, Died 1844, aged 84. 
 Henry Fitzroy, Fifth Duke. Son. Died 1863. 
 William Henry Fitzroy, Sixth Duke of Grafton. Son. 
 
96 NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 
 
 THE SPENCERS, DUKES OF MARLBOROUGH. 
 
 Sir John Spencer. His daughter married a Catesby, and was great- 
 grandmother of Robert Catesby of Gunpowder Plot. Died 1522. 
 
 Sir William Spencer. Son. Died 1524. 
 
 Sir John Spencer. Son. Raised cattle and sheep. Died 1586. 
 
 Sir John Spencer. Son. Related to Spenser the poet. 
 
 Sir Robert Spencer, First Baron. Son. Created Baron Spencer in 
 1603. Died 1627. 
 
 William Spencer, Second Baron. Son. Married Penelope Wri- 
 othesley, daughter of the Earl of Southampton. Died 1636. 
 
 Henry Spencer, Third Baron. Son. Married Dorothy Sidney, 
 
 sister of Algernon Sidney. Created Earl of Sunderland. He fought 
 
 with the Parliamentary Army, and was killed at Newbury, 1643. 
 
 His daughter Dorothy married George Savile, Marquis of Halif ax. 
 
 Robert Spencer, Second Earl Sunderland. Son. Married a daugh- 
 ter of Lord Digby, Earl of Bristol. Died 1702. 
 
 Charles Spencer, Third Earl Sunderland. Son. Married, 1st, a 
 daughter of Henry Cavendish, Duke of Newcastle. 2d, Anne 
 Churchill, daughter of the Duke of Marlborough. Died 1722. 
 
 Robert Spencer, Fourth Duke Sunderland. Son by second wife. 
 Died 1729. 
 
 Charles Spencer, First Duke of Marlborough. Brother. Became 
 Duke of Marlborough on the death of his cousin, son of Ms aunt 
 Henrietta, Countess Godolphin. Died 1758. 
 
 George Spencer, Second Duke. Son. Married daughter of John, 
 Duke of Bedford. Died 1817. 
 
 His second son Francis was created Baron Churchill. 
 
 George Spencer, Third Duke. Son. He took the name and arms 
 
 of Churchill. Died 1840. 
 George Spencer-Churchill, Fourth Duke. Son. Died 1857. 
 John Winston Spencer-Churchill, Fifth Duke of Marlborough. Son. 
 Lord Randolph Churchill is of this family. 
 From the youngest son of the third Earl of Sunderland are 
 descended the Earl Spencers. 
 
 SACKVLLLE, EARLS OF DORSET. 
 
 John Sackville. Married Margaret, sister of Thomas Boleyn, Earl 
 of Wiltshire. 
 
 Sir Richard Sackville. Son of John. Married Winifride, daugh- 
 ter of Sir John Berges. Died 1566. 
 
NOBILITY OF ENGLAND. 97 
 
 Thomas Sackville, First Earl. Son. Married Cecilia, daughter 
 of Sir John Baker. Died 1608. 
 Issue : — 
 Kobert. Sir William. Henry. Thomas. 
 
 Robert Sackville, Second Earl. Son. Married, 1st, Margaret, 
 daughter of Thomas, Duke of Norfolk. 2d, Anne, daughter of Sir 
 John Spencer. Died 1609. 
 Issue : — 
 Thomas, died unmarried. 
 Richard, became third Earl. 
 Edward, became fourth Earl. 
 Winifride, died unmarried. 
 Cecilia, married Sir Henry Compton. 
 
 Anne, married Edward Seymour (Lord Beauchamp) and Sir 
 Edward Lewes. 
 
 Richard Sackville, Third Earl. Son. Married Anne, daughter of 
 George Grey, Earl of Cumberland. Died 1624. 
 Issue : — 
 Thomas, died in childhood. 
 Margaret, married John, Earl of Thanet. 
 Isabella, married James, Earl of Northampton. 
 
 Edward Sackville, Fourth Earl. Brother. Married Mary, daugh- 
 ter of Sir George Curson. Died 1652. 
 
 His son Richard became fifth Earl, and married Frances, 
 daughter of Lionel, Earl of Middlesex. 
 
COUNSELLORS AND STATESMEN, PROM 1066 TO 1889. 
 
 Died 
 
 William Fitz-Osborn . . .slain 1070 
 Lanfranc, Archbishop of Can- 
 terbury 1089 
 
 Odo, Bishop of Bayenx 1097 
 
 Anselm, Archbishop of Can- 
 terbury 1109 
 
 Ralph Flambard 1128 
 
 Theobald, Archbishop of Can- 
 terbury 1161 
 
 Thomas a Becket 1170 
 
 Ranulf de Glanville 1190 
 
 Walter Hubert, Archbishop of 
 
 Canterbury 1205 
 
 William Marshall, Earl of 
 
 Pembroke 1219 
 
 Stephen Langton, Archbishop 
 
 of Canterbury 1228 
 
 Edmund Rich 1242 
 
 Simon de Montford, Earl of 
 
 Leicester 1265 
 
 Roger de Clifford 1286 
 
 Roger Bigod, Earl of Norfolk, 1296 
 
 Piers Gaveston 1312 
 
 Thomas, Earl of Lancaster . .1322 
 Humphrey Bohun, Earl of 
 
 Hereford 1322 
 
 Hugh Despenser 1326 
 
 John Stratford 1318 
 
 Thomas Bradwardin 1349 
 
 Henry Wryneck, Duke of Lan- 
 caster 1361 
 
 Sir Nicholas Brember 1387 
 
 Michael de la Pole 1389 
 
 William Courteney 1396 
 
 Robert, Earl of Arundel 1397 
 
 Thomas, Duke of Gloucester. .1397 
 John of Gaunt, Duke of Lan- 
 caster 1398 
 
 William of Wickham 1404 
 
 Henry Percy, Earl of Northum- 
 berland 1408 
 
 Died 
 
 Thomas Fitz- Alan, Archbish., 1414 
 
 John, Duke of Bedford 1435 
 
 Thomas Chicheley 1443 
 
 Humphrey, Duke of Glouces- 
 ter 1447 
 
 Henry Beaufort, Cardinal 1447 
 
 John Stafford 1452 
 
 Richard Neville, Earl of War- 
 wick 1471 
 
 Henry Stafford, Duke of Buck- 
 ingham 1483 
 
 Lord Hastings 1483 
 
 John Howard,Duke of Norfolk,1485 
 Thomas Bourchier, Arch- 
 bishop 1486 
 
 William Stanley 1495 
 
 John Morton, Cardinal 1500 
 
 Henry Dene 1503 
 
 Cardinal Wolsey 1530 
 
 William Warham 1532 
 
 Sir Thomas More 1535 
 
 Thomas Cromwell 1540 
 
 Thomas Audley 1544 
 
 Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, 1547 
 Thomas Wriothesley, Earl of 
 
 Southampton 1550 
 
 Edward Seymour, Duke of 
 
 Somerset 1552 
 
 John Dudley, Duke of North- 
 umberland 1553 
 
 Thomas Howard, Duke of Nor- 
 folk 1554 
 
 Thomas Cranmer 1556 
 
 Stephen Gardner 1556 
 
 William Paget 1563 
 
 Thomas Howard, Duke of Nor- 
 folk 1572 
 
 Sir Nicholas Bacon 1579 
 
 Robert Dudley, Earl of Leices- 
 ter 1588 
 
 William Cecil, Lord Burghley . 1598 
 
COUNSELLORS AND STATESMEN. 
 
 99 
 
 Died 
 
 Thomas Sackville, Earl of 
 
 Dorset 1608 
 
 Robert Cecil, Earl of Salisbury, 1612 
 
 Lord Thomas Ellesmere 1617 
 
 Francis Bacon 1626 
 
 George Villiers, Duke of Buck- 
 ingham 1628 
 
 Sir Edward Coke 1634 
 
 Thomas Wentworth, Earl Staf- 
 ford 1641 
 
 William Laud 1645 
 
 Oliver Cromwell 1658 
 
 Sir Harry Vane 1662 
 
 William Fiennes, Lord Say and 
 
 Sele 1662 
 
 George Monk, Duke of Alber- 
 
 marle 1670 
 
 George Hyde, Earl Clarendon, 1674 
 William Howard.Lord Staff ord,1680 
 Henry Finch, Lord Notting- 
 ham 1682 
 
 George Villiers, Duke of Buck- 
 ingham 1688 
 
 Lord George Jeffreys 1689 
 
 Lord George Halifax (Savile) . 1695 
 Robert Spencer, Earl Sunder- 
 land 1702 
 
 William Cavendish, Duke of 
 
 Devonshire 1707 
 
 Hemy Hyde, Earl Clarendon, 1709 
 
 Lord Sidney Godolphin 1712 
 
 Richard Cromwell 1712 
 
 Charles Montague, Earl of 
 
 Halifax 1715 
 
 Lord John Somers 1716 
 
 Charles, Duke of Shrewsbury, 1718 
 
 Earl James Stanhope 1721 
 
 John Churchill, Duke of Marl- 
 borough 1722 
 
 Charles Spencer, Earl Sunder- 
 land 1722 
 
 Robert Harley, Earl of Oxford, 1724 
 
 Charles, Lord Mordaunt 1735 
 
 Robert Walpole 1745 
 
 Henry St. John, Lord Boling- 
 
 broke 1751 
 
 Henry Pelham 1754 
 
 John Carteret, Earl Granville, 1763 
 William Cavendish, Duke of 
 Devonshire 1764 
 
 Died 
 
 Thomas H. Pelham, Duke of 
 
 Newcastle 1768 
 
 George Grenville 1770 
 
 William Pitt, Earl Chatham. .1778 
 Richard Grenville Earl Tem- 
 ple 1779 
 
 Charles Wentworth, Marquis 
 
 of Rockingham 1782 
 
 Thomas Villiers, Earl of Clar- 
 endon 1786 
 
 Frederick, Lord North 1792 
 
 Edmund Burke 1797 
 
 William Petty, Lord Shelburne 
 and Marquis of Lansdowne . 1805 
 
 William Pitt 1806 
 
 Charles Lennox, Duke of Rich- 
 mond 1806 
 
 C. J. Fox 1806 
 
 William H. C. Bentinck, Duke 
 
 of Portland 1809 
 
 Augustus Henry Fitzrov, Duke 
 
 of Grafton 1811 
 
 Spencer Percival 1812 
 
 George Grenville, second Earl 
 
 Temple 1813 
 
 Lord Castlereagh 1822 
 
 Lord Thomas Erskine 1823 
 
 George Canning 1827 
 
 Robert B. Jenkinson, Earl of 
 
 Liverpool 1828 
 
 William Huskisson 1830 
 
 John Scott, Lord Eldon 1838 
 
 George Henry Fitzroy, Duke 
 
 of Grafton 1844 
 
 Henry Addington, Lord Sid- 
 mouth 1844 
 
 Charles, Earl Grey 1845 
 
 Lord Althorpe 1845 
 
 Alexander Baring, Lord Ash- 
 burton 1848 
 
 William Lamb, Lord Mel- 
 bourne 1848 
 
 Robert Peel 1850 
 
 Arthur Wellesley, Duke of 
 
 Wellington 1852 
 
 T. B. Macaulay 1859 
 
 John Singleton Copley, Lord 
 
 Lyndhurst 1863 
 
 Henry Petty, Marquis of Lans- 
 downe 1863 
 
100 
 
 COUNSELLORS AND STATESMEN. 
 
 Died 
 
 Henry Pelham Fiennes Clin- 
 ton, Duke of Newcastle . . . 1864 
 Henry J. Temple, Lord Palm- 
 
 erston 1865 
 
 Lord Henry Brougham 1868 
 
 Edward Stanley, fourteenth 
 
 Earl Derby 1869 
 
 Lord John Russell 1878 
 
 Benjamin Disraeli, Lord Bea- 
 
 consfield 1881 
 
 R. A. Cross 1887 
 
 Stafford Northcoat, Lord Iddis- 
 
 leigh 1887 
 
 JohnCampbell,Dukeof Argyle, 
 
 John Bright 1889 
 
 Henry, Bishop of Winchester. 
 Thomas Osborne, Earl of 
 
 Danby 
 
 William E. Gladstone 
 
 S. C. Cavendish, Marquis of 
 
 Hartington 
 
 William E. Forster 
 
 Sir William V. Harcourt 
 
 Joseph Chamberlain 
 
 G. J. Goschen 
 
 John Morley 
 
 Sir Charles Wentworth Dilke, 
 
 Sir Charles Russell 
 
 Arthur J. Balfour, nephew of 
 Lord Salisbury 
 
 George Leverson-Gower, Earl 
 Granville 
 
 Lord Carnarvon 
 
 Lord Randolph Churchill 
 
 Robert A. T. Cecil, second 
 Marquis and eighth Earl of 
 Salisbury 
 
 Sir Michael Hicks Beach 
 
 Sir George 0. Trevelyan, 
 nephew of T. B. Macaulay, 
 
 Hugh Childers 
 
 Henry Pelham Alexander Clin- 
 ton, Duke of Newcastle 
 
TABLE OF PRINCIPAL BEITISH WRITERS. 
 
 Bom Died 
 
 Florence of Worcester. .1118 
 1110? Geoffrey of Monmouth. 1154 
 William of Malmsbury. .1143 
 Henry of Huntingdon, 
 
 about 1155 
 
 Simeon of Durham 1163 
 
 Richard of St. Victor. . .1173 
 1120 John of Salisbury (Par- 
 sons) 1181 
 
 Roger Hoveden . .about 1205 
 
 1214 Roger Bacon 1202 
 
 Nicholas Triveth 1328 
 
 Laurence Minot 1352 
 
 Ralph Higdon 1300 
 
 Henry Knighton 1370 
 
 1302 John Maunderville 1371 
 
 1324 John Wickliffe 1384 
 
 1326 John Barbour 1396 
 
 1328 Geoffrey Chaucer 1400 
 
 Thomas Walsingham. . .1440 
 
 1380 John Lydgate 1440 
 
 1395 James I. of Scotland 1437 
 
 1422 William Caxton 1492 
 
 1460 John Skelton 1529 
 
 1465 William Dunbar 1530 
 
 Thomas Halls 1547 
 
 1480 Thomas More 1535 
 
 1503 Thomas Wyatt 1541 
 
 1505 William Cavendish 1557 
 
 1506 George Buchanan 1582 
 
 1517 J. Fox 1587 
 
 1527 Thomas Tusser 1580 
 
 1550 Edward Coke 1634 
 
 1552 Walter Raleigh 1617 
 
 1553 Edmund Spenser 1599 
 
 1554 Philip Sidney 1585 
 
 1560 Francis Bacon 1626 
 
 1564 Christopher Marlowe ... 1593 
 1564 William Shakespeare . . . 1616 
 
 1574 Ben Jonson 1637 
 
 1576 John Fletcher 1625 
 
 1576 Robert Burton 1639 
 
 Born Died 
 
 1586 Francis Beaumont 1615 
 
 1593 Isaac Walton 1683 
 
 1594 James Shirley 1666 
 
 1605 Edmund Waller 1687 
 
 1608 John Milton 1674 
 
 1612 Samuel Butler 1688 
 
 1617 Algernon Sidney 1683 
 
 1628 John Bunyan 1688 
 
 1631 John Dry den 1701 
 
 1632 John Locke 1704 
 
 1641 Thomas Rymer 1713 
 
 1642 Isaac Newton 1719 
 
 1643 Gilbert Burnet 1715 
 
 1651 Thomas Otway 1685 
 
 1660 Daniel Defoe 1731 
 
 1664 Matthew Prior 1721 
 
 1667 Jonathan Swift 1745 
 
 1672 Joseph Addison 1719 
 
 1672 William Congreve 1728 
 
 1672 Richard Steele 1729 
 
 1672 Henry St. John (Boling- 
 
 broke) 1751 
 
 1678 George Farquhar 1707 
 
 1679 Thomas Parnell 1717 
 
 1681 Edward Young 1765 
 
 1688 John Gay 1732 
 
 1688 Alexander Pope 1744 
 
 1689 S. Richardson 1768 
 
 1692 Bishop Butler 1752 
 
 1694 Lord Chesterfield (Philip 
 
 Dorner Stanhope) 1773 
 
 1696 Lord Kaimes 1782 
 
 1698 Richard Savage 1743 
 
 1698 William Warburton 1779 
 
 1703 John Wesley 1791 
 
 1707 H. Fielding 1754 
 
 1709 Samuel Johnson 1784 
 
 1711 David Hume 1776 
 
 1713 Laurence Sterne 1768 
 
 1714 William Shenstone 1763 
 
 1716 Thomas Gray 1771 
 
 1716 David Garrick 1779 
 
 101 
 
102 
 
 TABLE OF PRINCIPAL BRITISH WRITERS. 
 
 Born Died 
 
 1718 Horace Walpole 1797 
 
 1720 Thomas Smollet 1771 
 
 1723 William Blackstone 1780 
 
 1723 Joshua Reynolds 1792 
 
 1728 Thomas Warton 1790 
 
 1730 Edmund Burke 1797 
 
 1731 Oliver Goldsmith 1774 
 
 1731 William Cowper 1800 
 
 1733 George Colman 1794 
 
 1736 J. Home Tooke 1812 
 
 1737 E. Gitson 1794 
 
 1738 W. Herschel 1822 
 
 1740 J. Boswell 1795 
 
 1743 William Paley 1805 
 
 1745 Henry McKenzie 1831 
 
 1745 Hannah More 1833 
 
 1747 Samuel Parr .1825 
 
 1751 R. B. Sheridan 1816 
 
 1752 Thomas Chatterton 1770 
 
 1752 Francis Burney 1840 
 
 1753 Elizabeth Inchbald 1821 
 
 1754 George Crabb 1832 
 
 1756 William Godwin 1836 
 
 1759 Robert Burns 1796 
 
 1759 William Wilberf orce . . . 1833 
 
 1760 Adam Smith 1832 
 
 1762 George Coleman 1836 
 
 1763 Samuel Rogers 1855 
 
 1764 Ann Radcliffe .1823 
 
 1765 Sir J. Macintosh 1832 
 
 1766 John Dalton 1844 
 
 1766 Isaac Disraeli 1848 
 
 1767 Maria Edgeworth 1849 
 
 1770 Barbara Holland 1844 
 
 1770 William Wordsworth. . .1850 
 
 1771 Mungo Park 1805 
 
 1771 Sydney Smith 1845 
 
 1771 John Lingard 1851 
 
 1771 James Montgomery 1854 
 
 1772 Samuel T. Coleridge. . . .1834 
 
 1772 James Hogg 1835 
 
 1773 Francis Jeffrey 1850 
 
 1774 Robert Southey 1843 
 
 1775 Alexander Murray 1813 
 
 1775 Jane Austen 1817 
 
 1775 M. G. Lewis 1818 
 
 1775 Charles Lamb 1834 
 
 1775 Walter S. Landor 1864 
 
 1776 Edward Copleston 1849 
 
 1776 Jane Porter 1850 
 
 Born Died 
 
 1777 Thomas Campbell 1844 
 
 1778 Humphry Davy 1829 
 
 1778 Walter Scott 1832 
 
 1778 Henry Hallam 1859 
 
 1778 Alexander Fletcher 1860 
 
 1778 J. W. Cunningham 1861 
 
 1779 George Crabb 1851 
 
 1779 Thomas Moore 1852 
 
 1779 Lord John Campbell 1861 
 
 1779 Lord Henry Brougham . . 1868 
 
 1780 Thomas Chalmers 1847 
 
 1781 Anna M. Porter 1832 
 
 1781 John Abercrombie 1844 
 
 1781 Sir David Brewster 1868 
 
 1783 Reginald Heber 1826 
 
 1784 Leigh Hunt 1859 
 
 1784 James Sheridan Knowles,1862 
 
 1785 H. K. White 1806 
 
 1785 Lady Sydney Morgan . .1859 
 
 1786 Thomas De Quincey 1859 
 
 1787 Richard Whately, Arch- 
 
 bishop .1863 
 
 1788 Lord Geo. Gordon Byron, 1824 
 
 1788 Joseph J. Gurney 1847 
 
 1788 George Combe 1858 
 
 1788 Sir Francis Palgrave 1861 
 
 1789 Margaret Power, Coun- 
 
 tess of Blessington . . . 1849 
 1789 Mary Russell Mitford. . .1855 
 
 1789 J. Payne Collier 
 
 1790 Frances Trollope 1863 
 
 1790 Sir J. F. W. Herschel . .1871 
 
 1790 B. W. Procter 1874 
 
 1791 Charles Wolf 1823 
 
 1791 H. H. Milman 1868 
 
 1792 Frederick Marryat 1848 
 
 1792 Sir T. L. Mitchell 1855 
 
 1792 Sir A. Alison 1867 
 
 1792 Charles Babbage 1871 
 
 1792 Sir R. I. Murchison 1871 
 
 1792 Samuel R, Maitland 
 
 1793 P. B. Shelley 1822 
 
 1793 Sir Charles Eastlake 1865 
 
 1794 Felicia Hemans 1835 
 
 1794 W. H. Maxwell 1850 
 
 1794 John G. Lockhart 1854 
 
 1794 Michael Faraday 1867 
 
 1795 H. D. Inglis 1835 
 
 1795 Thomas Carlyle. 1881 
 
 1796 John Keats 1821 
 
TABLE OF PRINCIPAL BRITISH WRITERS. 
 
 103 
 
 Born Died 
 
 1797 Thomas H. Bayley 1839 
 
 1797 Andrew Combe 1847 
 
 1797 T. C. Grattan 1864 
 
 1798 Thomas Hood 1845 
 
 1799 Robert Pollok 1827 
 
 1799 Sir Charles Fellows 1860 
 
 1800 Thomas B. Macaulay. . .1859 
 1800 Catherine Gore 1861 
 
 1800 Catherine Sinclair 1864 
 
 1801 G. P. R. James 1860 
 
 1801 John H. Newman 
 
 1802 Lsetitia E. Laud 1839 
 
 1802 Hugh Miller 1856 
 
 1802 Charles Wheatstone 1875 
 
 1802 Harriet Martineau 1876 
 
 1803 Douglas Jerrold 1857 
 
 1804 Mary Howitt 
 
 1805 F. D. Maurice 1872 
 
 1805 Samuel Wilberforce 1873 
 
 1805 Sir Edward Bulwer Lyt- 
 
 ton 1873 
 
 1805 Agnes Strickland 1874 
 
 1805 Benjamin Disraeli 1881 
 
 1805 W. H. Ainsworth 
 
 1806 John Stuart Mill 1873 
 
 1807 Robert Montgomery 1855 
 
 1807 J. M. Kemble 1857 
 
 1808 Charles James Lever . . .1861 
 
 1808 Hon. Mrs. Norton. .... .1877 
 
 1809 Elizabeth B. Browning. .1861 
 1809 J. D. Forbes 1868 
 
 Born Died 
 
 1809 Charles R. Darwin 1882 
 
 1809 William E. Gladstone. . . 
 
 1809 Mary Cowden Clarke. . . 
 
 1810 Martin F. Tupper 1889 
 
 1810 Sir H. C. Rawlinson 
 
 1810 William H. Wills 
 
 1810 Alfred Tennyson 
 
 1811 William M. Thackeray. .1863 
 
 1812 Charles Dickens 1870 
 
 1812 Robert Browning 1889 
 
 1813 W. E. Aytoun 1865 
 
 1813 Arthur Helps 1875 
 
 1815 Anthony Trollope 1882 
 
 1817 David Livingston 1866 
 
 1817 Austin Henry Layard . . 
 
 1817 Eliza Cook 
 
 1818 James A. Froude 
 
 1818 Frances Brown 
 
 1819 Charles Kingsley 1875 
 
 1819 John Ruskin 
 
 1820 Marian Evans (George 
 
 Eliot) 1880 
 
 1821 Wm. Hepworth Dixon. .1879 
 
 1822 Matthew Arnold 1888 
 
 1824 Charlotte Bronte 1855 
 
 1825 Wilkie Collins 1889 
 
 1826 Mrs. Craik (Dinah Mu- 
 
 lock) 
 
 1828 Gerald Massey 
 
 1831 Lord Lytton (Owen 
 
 Meredith) 
 
DATE OF PRINCIPAL EVENTS. 
 
 1066 Death of Harold (Oct. 14), the last of the Saxon Kings, and 
 election of William, Duke of Normandy, as King of England. 
 
 1068 Siege of Exeter. Battle Abbey built. 
 
 1069 Invasion of Canute. Confiscation of Saxon estates. Rebellion 
 
 in the North of England, and laying waste of that part of 
 the country. 
 
 1070 Introduction of the Feudal System. Eorest Laws enacted in 
 
 1069. 
 
 1086 Domesday Book completed. (A complete list of all the land- 
 owners in thirty principal counties.) 
 
 1092 Carlisle Castle built. The Crusades begin in 1096. 
 
 1097 Westminster Hall built. Henry I. restores the Saxon laws in 
 1100. 
 
 1100 Woollen manufacture introduced by the Flemings. 
 
 1118 The order of Knights Templar in a flourishing condition. 
 
 1130 Prophecies of Merlin translated into Latin. 
 
 1135 Stephen crowned. War between Stephen and Maud in 1138. 
 
 1139 Foundation of Cistercian Abbeys. 
 
 1155 Becket made Chancellor; Archbishop in 1162 ; murdered 1170. 
 
 1164 Council of Clarendon, in relation to trying the clergy by civil 
 tribunal. 
 
 1171 Henry II. invades Ireland, and is acknowledged King. 
 
 1177 Prince John becomes Lord of Ireland. 
 
 1181 First appeal or assize of arms. English laws digested. 
 
 1191 Richard I. joins the Crusades. Robin Hood lived in 1194. 
 
 1194 Richard ransomed from Germany, and returns to England. 
 
 1203 Murder of Arthur, heir to the throne, by his uncle, King John. 
 
 1204 Normandy lost to England. The Pope excommunicates John 
 
 in 1213. 
 1215 Magna Charta granted at Runnymede. Death of John, 1216. 
 1240 Henry III. robs the Jews, and sells them as slaves. 
 1250 A mark equal to about ten dollars of our present money. 
 1258 Great meeting in Westminster Hall of the principal nobles. 
 
 1262 Another war of the Barons begins. The first regular Parlia- 
 
 ment, 1265. 
 1265 Battle of Evesham. Edward I. crowned in 1272. 
 
 1263 Wales subdued and united to England. 
 
 1296 Scotland nearly subdued. Revolts of Bruce and Wallace in 1297. 
 
 1307 Edward II. crowned. Revolt of the Barons in 1308. 
 
 1312 Piers Gaveston (the King's favorite) executed. 
 
 1314 Edward II. defeated by Bruce at the battle of Bannockburn. 
 
 1321 Rovolt of the Barons against the power of the Despensers. 
 
 1333 Edward III. defeats the Scots at Halidon Hill. 
 
 101 
 
DATE OF PRINCIPAL EVENTS. 105 
 
 1346 Edward III. claims the throne of France, and invades its terri- 
 
 tory. Battle of Crecy. 
 
 1347 Calais taken by the English. Order of the Garter instituted in 
 
 1349. 
 
 1356 Victory by the Black Prince at Poitiers. Law pleadings in 
 English in 1362. 
 
 1376 Death of the Black Prince. Richard II. , son of Black Prince, 
 crowned in 1377. 
 
 1381 Insurrection of Wat Tyler. Death of Wickliffe, 1384. Rich- 
 ard II. a patron of Chaucer. 
 
 1399 Henry Bolingbroke deposes Richard II. Order of the Bath 
 instituted. 
 
 1405 Insurrection of the Welsh. France invaded by Henry V. in 1415. 
 
 1415 Battle of Agincourt. The French crown gained, 1420. 
 
 1429 Appearance of the Maid of Orleans. The French conquests lost, 
 except Calais, in 1431. 
 
 1450 Jack Cade's insurrection. War of the Roses begins in 1455. 
 
 1461 Edward IV. deposes Henry VI. Earl of Warwick killed 1471. 
 
 1471 Battle of Tewkesbury. Printing introduced by William Caxton. 
 
 1483 Richard III. deposes Edward V., and smothers him, with his 
 
 brother, in the Tower. 
 
 1484 An act passed bailing persons suspected of felony. 
 
 1484 An act to secure the transfer of property. Suppression of 
 
 feudal practices. 
 1484 The laws printed for the first time, and in the English language. 
 1484 All books and other printed matter admitted into England free. 
 
 1484 Edward, the son of Richard III. and Anne of Warwick, dies. 
 
 1485 Henry, Earl of Richmond, lands at Milford Haven. 
 
 1485 Death of Richard ; the only King of England since Harold who 
 died in battle on English ground. 
 
 1485 Henry VII. marries Elizabeth, daughter of Edward IV. 
 
 1486 A standing army instituted. Insurrection of Lambert Simnel. 
 
 1487 Court of Star Chamber. Insurrection of Perkin Warbeck, 1492. 
 1499 Execution of the Earl of Warwick, son of George, Duke of 
 
 Clarence. 
 1502 Gardening introduced into England. Death of Prince Arthur, 
 
 the King's oldest son. 
 1502 Peace between England and Scotland, and the marriage of 
 
 Margaret, the oldest daughter of Henry VII. to James IV. 
 
 of Scotland. 
 1509 Henry VIII. becomes King. Rise of Wolsey, 1514. 
 1520 "Field of the Cloth of Gold." First map of England drawn 
 
 by Lilly. 
 1520 Henry becomes " Defender of the Faith." Wolsey dies 1530. 
 
 1534 The Pope's authority abolished in England. 
 
 1533 Statute of Appeals, forbidding appeals to the Pope. 
 
 1535 Deaths of Fisher and More. Deaths of Queen Catherine 1535, 
 
 and Anne Boleyn 1536. 
 
 1536 Marriage of Henry VIII. to Jane Seymour. Lincolnshire 
 
 insurrection. 
 
106 DATE OF PRINCIPAL EVENTS. 
 
 1537 Birth of Edward VI., and death of Jane Seymour. 
 
 1538 Monasteries suppressed. Cranmer's Bible printed 1539. 
 1540 Fall of Cromwell. Catherine Howard beheaded 1542. 
 
 1546 Burning of Anne Askew and others as heretics. Edward VI. 
 
 King, 1547. 
 1548 Book of Common Prayer. Somerset beheaded 1552. 
 1554 Execution of Queen (or Lady) Jane Grey and her friends. 
 1554 Mary marries Philip of Spain. 
 
 1555, 1556 Ridley, Latimer, and Cranmer burnt at the stake. 
 1558 Calais taken by the French, and death of Queen Mary. 
 1568 Mary, Queen of Scotland, seeks protection in England. Mary 
 
 executed 1587. 
 1588 Defeat of the Spanish Armada. Earl of Essex beheaded 1601. 
 1603 James I. becomes King of Great Britain. Gunpowder Plot, 1605. 
 1611 Present translation of the Bible completed. Baronets created. 
 1618 Raleigh beheaded. Charles I. crowned 1625. 
 1637 Hampden's trial respecting ship-money. 
 
 1641 Contest between the King and Parliament. Civil war begins 
 
 1642. 
 
 1642 Attempted arrest of five members of Parliament. Laud be- 
 
 headed 1645. 
 1645 Charles defeated at Naseby. Execution of Charles, 1649. 
 
 1649 Prince Rupert, son of Elizabeth, the daughter of James, driven 
 
 from the coast. 
 
 1650 Execution of the Earl of Montrose. Cromwell commander-in- 
 
 chief. Scotch prisoners sent to Boston, Mass., and sold for 
 a limited servitude. 
 
 1651 Cromwell defeats Charles II. at Worcester. 
 
 1652 Victory of Admiral Blake over the Dutch, commanded by Van 
 
 Tromp. 
 
 1653 Dissolution of the Long Parliament, and calling of the Little 
 
 Parliament. 
 1653 Cromwell made Protector. Jamaica taken by Blake, 1656. 
 
 1657 Parliament votes that Cromwell shall be King. 
 
 1658 Death of Oliver Cromwell, and election of his son Richard as 
 
 Protector. 
 
 1659 Long Parliament recalled. Richard resigns. 
 
 1660 Charles II. returns to England as King. 
 
 1662 Church of England restored. The Great Plague in 1665. 
 
 1666 London burned. Disgrace of Lord Clarendon, father of James 
 
 II.' s wife. 
 
 1667 The Cabal Ministry, — Clifford, Arlington, Buckingham, Ash- 
 
 ley, Lauderdale. 
 
 1678 Oates' Popish Plot. Sir Edmond Berry Godfrey found murdered. 
 
 1679 The Habeas Corpus Act, for protecting English subjects against 
 
 false imprisonment. 
 
 1680 The Rye House Plot. Lord William Russell and Algernon 
 
 Sydney executed. 
 1682 The charter for Sylvania granted to William Penn (son of 
 Admiral Penn), who sailed with his company on the "Wei- 
 
DATE OF PRINCIPAL EVENTS. 107 
 
 come," reaching Newcastle, on the Delaware River, Oct. 27. 
 
 Repeal of the Test Act. 
 1685 Insurrection of the Duke of Argyle and Duke of Monmouth. 
 1685 Battle of Sedgemoor, and flight of Monmouth; apprehended 
 
 and executed. 
 1685 Judge Jeffreys murders under the mask of law. 
 1688 Acquittal of the seven bishops. Abdication of James II. 
 
 1688 Invitation sent to William, Prince of Orange, and Mary his wife. 
 
 1689 The first Mutiny Act passed, and has since been passed each 
 
 year, to authorize the maintaining of a standing army. 
 1689 James II. lands at Kinsale ; enters Dublin ; siege of London- 
 derry. 
 
 1689 Revolution in Scotland. Battle of Killiecrankie. Death of 
 
 Dundee. 
 
 1690 Battle of the Boyne, and flight of James. 
 
 1692 National Debt begins. Bank of England incorporated 1694. 
 
 1697 Peace of Ryswick. Accession of Queen Anne, 1702. 
 
 1704 Victory of the Duke of Marlborough at Blenheim. 
 
 1707 Union of England and Scotland. Sacheverell riots, 1710. 
 
 1713 Treaty of Utrecht. George I. proclaimed King of England, 1714. 
 
 1715 The Scotch rebellion quelled. South Sea Bubble, 1720. 
 
 1722 Death of Marlborough, who was the ancestor of the present 
 Lord Randolph Churchill. 
 
 1743 George II. wins the battle of Dettingen. 
 
 1745 Second Scots' rebellion. Prince Charles Edward gains Edin- 
 burgh. 
 
 1745 Charles victor at Preston Pans ; defeated at Culloden, 1746. 
 
 1752 The New Style introduced into England, making a difference of 
 eleven days. 
 
 1756 Beginning of the Seven Years' War. Conquest of India under 
 Clive begins 1757. 
 
 1759 Victory and death of General Wolfe. Canada gained 1763. 
 
 1765 Isle of Man annexed to Great Britain. Death of the Old Pre- 
 tender. 
 
 1775 American war begins. No- Popery riots, 1780. 
 
 1782 Separation of America from England. Trial of Warren Has- 
 tings, 1788. 
 
 1782 Death of the Young Pretender. Howe's victory, 1794. 
 
 1795 Warren Hastings acquitted. Cash payments suspended 1797. 
 
 1798 Irish rebellion. Battle of the Nile, and Nelson victorious. 
 
 1801 Union of Ireland with Great Britain. Peace of Amiens. 
 
 1803 War against the French under Bonaparte. 
 
 1805 Nelson's victory and death at Trafalgar. 
 
 1807 Abolishment of the slave trade by Parliament. 
 
 1809 Victory and death of Sir John Moore. Jubilee of George III., 
 1810. 
 
 1812 Assassination of the Premier, Mr. Percival. War with America. 
 
 1814 Peace with France and America. 
 
 1815 Battle of Waterloo. Queen Victoria born 1819. 
 1825, 1826 Commercial panic. Battle of Naverino, 1827. 
 
108 DATE OF PRINCIPAL EVENTS. 
 
 1829 Roman Catholic Relief Bill passed. 
 
 1830 Mr. Huskisson killed at the opening of the Liverpool Railroad. 
 1834 Slavery ceases in the Colonies. Victoria becomes Queen, 1837. 
 1837 Hanover separated from England, and the Duke of Cumberland 
 
 becomes its King. 
 
 1839 Beginning of the war with China. Penny postage established 1848. 
 
 1840 Marriage of Queen Victoria. The Emperor of Russia visits 
 
 England, 1844. 
 1844 King Louis Philippe visits England. Anti- Corn-Law agitation, 
 
 1845. 
 1846 Corn Law repealed. Chartist demonstration in London, 1848. 
 
 1850 Duke of Cambridge dies. The Pope appoints a Roman Catholic 
 
 Cardinal in England. 
 
 1851 Australian gold arrives. Death of the Duke of Wellington 
 
 (aged 83) in 1852. 
 1853 Death of Sir Charles Napier. English fleet enters the Bosphorus. 
 
 1853 Protocol signed between the great powers for peace between 
 
 Russia and Turkey. 
 
 1854 Treaty of alliance between England, France, and Turkey. 
 
 1854 War declared against Russia. Crystal Palace opened by the 
 
 Queen. 
 
 1855 Formation of the Palmerston Ministry. Loan of sixteen millions. 
 
 1855 Distribution of Crimean medals. Peace with Russia. 
 
 1856 War with China. War with Persia. 
 
 1857 Mutiny of Indian army begins. Great commercial panic. 
 
 1858 Marriage of Princess Royal (Victoria) to Frederick Williarn of 
 
 Prussia ; he died 1888. 
 
 1858 The Derby-Disraeli administration formed. 
 
 1859 Excitement concerning the Italian war ; preparations for man- 
 
 ning the navy. 
 1859 Declaration of neutrality on the part of England. 
 
 1859 The Derby Ministry defeated on the Reform Bill. Palmerston- 
 
 Russell administration. 
 
 1860 Prince of Wales visits the United States and Canada. 
 
 1861 Excitement concerning Captain Wilkes of United States navy, 
 
 taking Mason and Slidell from the royal British mail- steamer 
 "Trent" ; United States releases them. 
 
 1863 Princess Alexandra of Denmark enters London, and marries 
 the Prince of Wales. 
 
 1863 Arrival of Captains Grant and Speke from exploring the Nile. 
 
 1866 New Parliament opened by the Queen. Atlantic cable com- 
 pletely laid, and messages sent to Lord Stanley. Cable of 
 1865 recovered, and communication established. 
 
 1868 Resignation of the Earl of Derby. Disraeli forms a ministry. 
 
 1868 Mr. Gladstone's resolution for the disestablishment of the Irish 
 Church adopted. 
 
 1868 Resignation of the Disraeli Ministry. 
 
 1871 Bill rejected for the disestablishment of the Church of England. 
 
 1872 Excitement respecting the American claims under the Washing- 
 
 ton Treaty. 
 
DATE OF PRINCIPAL EVENTS. 109 
 
 1872 Final meeting of the arbitrators. Damages awarded. 
 
 1873 Resignation of Mr. Gladstone on account of the defeat of the 
 
 Dublin University Bill in the Commons. 
 
 1874 General elections. Conservative majority. Disraeli Prime 
 
 Minister. 
 1874 Close of the celebrated Tichborne trial. " Tichborne " defeated. 
 
 1874 Sir Garnet Wolseley returned from his expedition against the 
 
 Ashantees. 
 
 1875 Moody and Sankey, American revivalists, arrive in London. 
 1875 Departure of the Prince of Wales for India. 
 
 1875 The shares in Suez Canal belonging to the Khedive bought by 
 
 England. 
 
 1876 Queen Victoria proclaimed Empress of India. 
 
 1878 Liberal amendment withdrawn on account of the report of the 
 
 Russian advance on Constantinople. 
 1878 Warlike policy of the Ministry. Resignation of Carnarvon and 
 
 Derby. 
 1878 Earl of Salisbury circular indicating the treaty of San Stefano. 
 1878 Debate on the Berlin Treaty in the Commons. Great speech of 
 
 Gladstone. 
 
 1880 General election. Great Liberal majority. Resignation of the 
 
 Ministry. Gladstone's Ministry formed. 
 
 1881 Early meeting of Parliament on account of the condition of 
 
 Ireland. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Albert Azzo and descendants, 21 
 
 Ann, Queen of England 18 
 
 Arundel, Earls of 49-51 
 
 Audley, Earls of Gloucester. . 41 
 
 Balliol Family 71 
 
 Baldwin de Brionis 6 
 
 Beauchamp, Earls of War- 
 wick 51, 52 
 
 Beaufort, Dukes of (from 
 
 Charles Somerset) 55 
 
 Beaufort Family (from John 
 
 of Gaunt) 54 
 
 Bedford, Dukes of 84 
 
 Bentinck, Dukes of Portland, 95 
 
 Berkeley Family 59-61 
 
 Bigod (Roger, Hugh, etc.), 
 
 Earls of Norfolk 29 
 
 Bohun, Earls of Hereford. . .37, 38 
 
 Boleyn Family 84, 85 
 
 Bouchier, Earls of Essex. . .68,69 
 Brandon, Duke of Suffolk ... 79 
 Brazil Emperors : descent 
 
 from Edward III 26 
 
 British writers 101 
 
 Brotherton, Thomas (see Ed- 
 ward III. and Norfolk). . .13-29 
 
 Bruce Family 92 
 
 Brunswick, Dukes of 21 
 
 Buckingham, Dukes of, — 
 
 Grenville 85, 86 
 
 Stafford 45-47 
 
 Villiers 88 
 
 Cary Family 85 
 
 Cavendish, Dukes of Devon- 
 shire and Marquis of Hart- 
 ington 91,92 
 
 Cecil, Earls of Salisbury and 
 Exeter 87,88 
 
 Charles I., Family of 17 
 
 II. " 17 
 
 Chester, Earls of 47, 48 
 
 Churchill, Dukes of Marl- 
 borough 96 
 
 Clare, Earls of Gloucester. .40, 41 
 
 Clarendon, Earls of 89 
 
 Cleveland, Dukes of 93 
 
 Clifford, Earls of Cumberland, 75, 76 
 Clinton, Earls of Lincoln and 
 
 Dukes of Newcastle 90, 91 
 
 Counsellors and Statesmen .98, 99 
 Courtney, Earls of Devon- 
 shire and Marquis of Exeter, 70 
 
 Cromwell, Earl of Essex 69 
 
 Cumberland, Earls of 75, 76 
 
 Danby, Earls of 63 
 
 Dates of Events 104 
 
 David, Earl of Huntingdon. . . 45 
 
 Derby, Earls of 57, 58 
 
 Descent of Royal Family from 
 
 Cerdic 22,23 
 
 Guelph 21 
 
 Steward of Scotland 24 
 
 Despensers Family 41, 48, 49 
 
 Devereux, Earls of Essex. . .69, 70 
 Devonshire, Earls of, — 
 
 Cavendish 91, 92 
 
 Courtney 70 
 
 Dorset, Earls of,— Sackville, 96, 97 
 
 Dorset, Marquis of 79, 80 
 
 Dudley, Earl of Warwick and 
 Duke of Northumberland. . 77 
 
 Edward I., Family of 12 
 
 II. 
 III. 
 IV. 
 
 V. 
 VI. 
 
 Elizabeth, Queen, Family of. . 
 Essex, Earls of, — Bouchier, 
 Cromwell, Devereux, Parr, 68,69 
 
112 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Exeter, Earls of 65, 66, 87 
 
 Events 104 
 
 Fitz-Alan, Earls of Arundel, 49-51 
 Fitz-Maurice, Marquis of 
 
 Lansdowne 86 
 
 Fitz-Osborn, Earl of Hereford, 6 
 Fitz-Koy, Dukes of Grafton. . 95 
 
 Gaunt, John of 13-54 
 
 Gebod, Son of Matilda 8-47 
 
 George I. , Family of 18-22 
 
 II. " 18 
 
 III. " 19 
 
 IV. « 19 
 
 Gloucester, Earls of 40, 41 
 
 Gower, Earls of Granville and 
 
 Dukes of Sutherland 90 
 
 Grafton, Dukes of 95 
 
 Grandison, Viscount 89 
 
 Granville, Earls of 90 
 
 Grandby, Marquis of 73 
 
 Grenville, Earls Temple and 
 
 Dukes of Buckingham ... 85, 86 
 Grey, Marquis of Dorset and 
 
 Duke of Suffolk 79, 80 
 
 Earls of Kent 73, 74 
 
 Grosvenor, Marquis of West- 
 minster 94 
 
 Guelphs 21 
 
 Hartington, Marquis of 92 
 
 Hastings, Earls of Pembroke, 35 
 
 Earls of Huntingdon 67, 68 
 
 Henry I., Family of 9 
 
 II. " 10 
 
 III. " 11 
 
 IV. " 13 
 
 V. « 14 
 
 VI. " 14 
 
 VII. " 15 
 
 VIII. » 16 
 
 Herbert, Earls of Pembroke, 35, 36 
 
 Hereford, Earls of 37, 38 
 
 Hertford, Earls of 80, 81 
 
 Holland, Earls of Hunting- 
 don 65,66 
 
 Holland, Earls of Kent and 
 
 Duke of Exeter 65, 66 
 
 Howard, Dukes of Norfolk. .30-33 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Howard, Henry, Earl of Sur- 
 rey 31 
 
 Howard, Earl of Effingham . . 31 
 
 Earl of Nottingham 31 
 
 Viscount Bindon 31 
 
 Hunsdon, Lord 85 
 
 Earl of Monmouth 85 
 
 Huntingdon, Earls of, — 
 
 David 45 
 
 Holland 65,66 
 
 Hastings 67,68 
 
 James L, Family of 17-25 
 
 II. » 18 
 
 Jane Grey " 16 
 
 Jersey, Earls of 89 
 
 John, King, Family of 11 
 
 Kent, Earls of, — Grey 73, 74 
 
 Holland 65,66 
 
 Kings of England before the 
 Conquest 22,23 
 
 Knollys Family 85 
 
 Lancaster, Dukes of 13, 54 
 
 Lansdowne, Marquis of 86 
 
 Leeds, Dukes of 63 
 
 Lennox, Dukes of Richmond, 82 
 Lincoln, Earls of 90, 91 
 
 Manners, Earls of Rutland 
 and Marquis of Granby. . .72, 73 
 
 March, Earls of 52, 53 
 
 Marlborough, Dukes of 96 
 
 Marshall, Earls of Pembroke, 33,34 
 Mary I., Queen of England. . . 17 
 
 Mary and William 18 
 
 Montacute,Earlsof Salisbury, 36,37 
 Mortimer, Earls of March. . .52, 53 
 Monmouth, Earl of, — Huns- 
 don 85 
 
 Mowbrey, Earls of Norfolk. .29, 30 
 
 Neville, Earls of Westmore- 
 land 42,43 
 
 Neville, Earls of Salisbury and 
 
 Warwick 44 
 
 Newcastle, Dukes of 91 
 
 Norfolk, Dukes of 29-33 
 
 Normandy, Dukes of 5-7 
 
INDEX. 
 
 113 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Northumberland, Earls of, — 
 
 Percy 63,64 
 
 Dudley 77 
 
 Odo, Bishop of Bayeux 7 
 
 Osbornes, Earls of Danby and 
 
 Duke of Leeds 63 
 
 Oxford, Earls of, — Vere . . .38, 39 
 
 Parr, Thomas, Earl of Essex, 69 
 Pembroke, Earls of, — 
 
 Hastings 35 
 
 Marshall 33, 34 
 
 Vallence 34 
 
 Tudor 35 
 
 Herbert 35,36 
 
 Percy, Earl of Northumber- 
 land 63, 64 
 
 Petty, Marquis of Lansdowne, 86 
 Plantagenet, Earl of Warren, 56 
 Poles, descendants of George, 
 
 Duke of Clarence 83 
 
 Poles, de la, Dukes of Suffolk, 83 
 
 Portland, Duke of 95 
 
 Portugal, descent from Ed- 
 ward III 25, 26 
 
 Principal Events 104 
 
 Ratcliffe, Earl of Sussex 78 
 
 Richard the Eearless, Duke of 
 
 Normandy 6 
 
 Richard the Good, Duke of 
 
 Normandy 7 
 
 Richard III., Duke of Nor- 
 mandy 7 
 
 Richard de Benefactor, de 
 
 Clare, or Tonbridge 6 
 
 Richard de Redvers 6 
 
 Richard 1 11 
 
 II 13 
 
 III 15 
 
 Richard, Duke of York 59 
 
 Richmond, Dukes of 82 
 
 Robert, Duke of Normandy. . 7 
 
 Rollo, Duke of Normandy ... 5 
 Russell, Earls and Dukes of 
 
 Bedford 84 
 
 Rutland, Earls of 72, 73 
 
 Sackville, Earls of Dorset. . .96, 97 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Salisbury, Earls of, — Monta- 
 
 cute 36,37 
 
 Salisbury, Earls of, — Cecil. .87, 88 
 
 Neville 44 
 
 Saxon Kings 22, 23 
 
 Seymour, Dukes of Somerset, 80,81 
 
 Shrewsbury, Earls of 62, 63 
 
 Somerset, Dukes of Beaufort, 
 and descendants of John of 
 
 Gaunt 55 
 
 Somerset, Dukes of, — Sey- 
 mour 80,81 
 
 Spanish Kings, descent from 
 
 Edward III 27 
 
 Spencer, Earls of Sunderland 
 
 and Dukes of Marlborough, 96 
 Stafford, Earls Stafford and 
 
 Dukes of Buckingham 45-47 
 
 Stanley, Earls of Derby 57 
 
 Stephen, King of England ... 10 
 Suffolk, Dukes of, — Poles ... 83 
 
 Brandon and Grey 79 
 
 Sunderland, Earls of 96 
 
 Sutherland, Dukes of 90 
 
 Sussex, Earls of 78 
 
 Talbot, Earls of Shrewsbury, 62,63 
 
 Temple, Earl of 86 
 
 Tudor, Jasper, Earl of Pem- 
 broke 35 
 
 Valence, Earls of Pembroke. . 34 
 Vanes, Earls of Westmore- 
 land and Duke of Cleveland, 93 
 Vere, de, Earls of Oxford. . .38, 39 
 
 Victoria, Family of 19 
 
 Villiers, Dukes of Bucking- 
 ham and Earls of Clarendon 
 and Jersey 88, 89 
 
 Wales, Prince of, and Family, 20 
 
 Warren, Earls of 56 
 
 Warwick, Earls of, — 
 
 Beauchamp 51, 52 
 
 Neville 44 
 
 Dudley 77 
 
 Westminster, Marquis of 94 
 
 Westmoreland, Earls of, — 
 
 Neville 42,43 
 
 Vanes 93 
 
114 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 William the Conqueror, — 
 
 Descent of 7, 8 
 
 Family of 9 
 
 William 1 9 
 
 II 9 
 
 III 18 
 
 IV 19 
 
 PAGE 
 
 William and Mary 18 
 
 William Longsword, Duke of 
 
 Normandy 5 
 
 Woodville Family 15 
 
 York, Duke of 13, 58, 59 
 
ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
HISTORY. 
 
 Outlines of Mediceual and Modern History. 
 
 By P. V. N. Myers, A.M., President of Belmont College, Ohio; Authoi 
 of Outlines of Ancient History, and Remains of Lost Empires. 12mo. 
 Half Morocco, xii + 740 pages. With colored maps, reproduced, by 
 permission, from Freeman's Historical Atlas. Mailing Price, $1.65; 
 for introduction, $1.50. Allowance for a book in exchange, 40 cents. 
 
 rpHIS work aims to blend in a single narrative accounts of the 
 social, political, literary, intellectual, and religious 
 developments of the peoples of mediaeval and modern 
 times, — to give in simple outline the story of civilization since 
 the meeting, in the fifth century of our era, of Latin and Teuton 
 upon the soil of the Roman Empire in the West. The author's 
 conception of History, based on the definitions of Ueberweg, that 
 it is the unfolding of the essence of spirit, affords the key-note to 
 the work. Its aim is to deal with the essential elements, not the 
 accidental features, of the life of the race. 
 
 Unity and cohesion are secured by grouping facts according to 
 the principles of historic development, and while the analysis 
 is rigid and scientific, the narrative will be found clear, continuous, 
 interesting, and suggestive. 
 
 W. P. Allen, Prof, of History, 
 University of Wisconsin : Mr. Myers' 
 book seems to me to be a work of 
 high excellence, and to give a re- 
 markably clear and vivid picture of 
 mediaeval history. 
 
 E. B. Andrews, Prof, of History 
 and Political Economy, Brown Uni- 
 versity, Providence, R.I. : It seems 
 certain to take its place as one of the 
 most serviceable books of its kind 
 before, the school and college public. 
 ( Jan. 6, 1887.) 
 
 Geo. W. Knight, Prof, of History, 
 Ohio State University : The author 
 seems to have gotten hold of the 
 active principle, the leading motives 
 and tendencies of each age ; to have 
 taken a comprehensive view of the 
 development of man's ideas, of na- 
 tions, and of governments. Then he 
 has grouped the various events in 
 such a way as will bring clearly to 
 view these different phases of the 
 world-development without ignoring 
 what may be called the collateral 
 events. 
 
114 
 
 HISTORY. 
 
 The Eastern Nations and Greece. 
 
 (Part I. of Myers and Allen's Ancient History.) 
 
 By P. V. N. Myers, President of Belmont College, Ohio. Author of 
 Mediaeval and Modern History, etc. 12mo. Cloth, ix + 369 pages. 
 Mailing Price, $1.10 ; for Introduction, $1.00 ; Allowance for an old 
 book in exchange, 25 cents. 
 
 rpHIS is a revision and expansion of the corresponding part of 
 the author's Outlines of Ancient History. It embraces the his- 
 tory of the Egyptians, Assyrio-Babylonians, Hebrews, Phoenicians, 
 Lydians, Medes and Persians, and Greeks. 
 
 The chapters relating to the Eastern nations have been written 
 in the light of the most recent revelations of the monuments of 
 Egypt and Babylonia. The influence of Oriental civilization upon 
 the later development of the Western peoples has been fully indi- 
 cated. It is shown that before the East gave a religion to the 
 West it had imparted many primary elements of art and general 
 culture. This lends a sort of epic unity to series of events and 
 historic developments too often regarded as fragmentary and un- 
 related, and invests the history of the old civilizations of the 
 Orient with fresh interest and instruction. 
 
 In tracing the growth of Greek civilization, while the value of 
 the germs of culture which the Greeks received from the older 
 nations of the East is strongly insisted upon, still it is admitted 
 that the determining factor in the wonderful Greek development 
 was the peculiar genius of the Greek race itself. 
 
 The work is furnished with chronological summaries, colored 
 maps, and numerous illustrations drawn from the most authentic 
 sources. 
 
 Arthur Latham Perry, Prof, of 
 
 History, Williams College, Williams- 
 town, Mass. : I have read every word 
 of Myers' Eastern Nations and 
 Greece, and wish to express my sense 
 of the great skill and elegance with 
 which has been condensed into a 
 single small volume all that is really 
 most important to be known of the 
 early nations, in such a way that the 
 memory can easily hold it, and that 
 the mind is satisfied at once with the 
 
 facts selected and the taste exhibited 
 in handling them. (Oct. 24, 1889.) 
 
 I. T. Beckwith, Prof, of Greek, 
 Trinity College, Hartford, Conn. : 
 The book seems to me remarkable in 
 its comprehensiveness, and likewise 
 in the clearness and life with which 
 it presents the leading facts in each 
 great movement. I think it far more 
 interesting and useful than any other 
 epitome of the kind which I have 
 seen. {Oct. 19, 1889.) 
 
HISTORY. 115 
 
 A Short History of the Roman People. 
 
 (Part II. of Myers and Allen's Ancient History.) 
 
 By William F. Allen, late Professor of History in the University of 
 Wisconsin. 12mo. Cloth, xv + 370 pages. Furnished with numerous 
 Illustrations and 12 black and colored Maps. Mailing Price, $1.10; for 
 Introduction, $1.00 ; Allowance for an old book in exchange, 25 cents. 
 
 TN this book Professor Allen desired briefly to relate the history 
 of the Roman people. To him Roman society presented itself 
 as an entirety, so that the political, economic, literary, and religious 
 elements in the life of the Roman people could not be understood 
 in isolation, but only in relation with each other. While thus he 
 considered society as a whole, he found in Roman history two 
 fundamentally important series of events, each of which influenced 
 the other : first, the policy and process by which the Roman Do- 
 minion was secured and organized during the Republic, its reor- 
 ganization under the Empire, and final disruption at the time of 
 the German migrations ; and secondly, the social and economic 
 causes of the failure of self-government among the Romans, and 
 the working of the same forces under the Empire. In connection 
 with these fundamental considerations, the land question is treated, 
 and the history of literature and religion is carefully traced. 
 
 Teachers will notice that the more important dates are incorpo- 
 rated in the text, while the free use of dates in the margin serves 
 to give more detailed guidance to the reader. 
 
 Particular care was taken in the selection of maps and illustra- 
 tions. The colored maps are reproductions of the charts accom- 
 panying Professor Freeman's Historical Geography of Europe. 
 The cuts are from Prang's Illustrations of the History of Art, 
 Jaeger's Weltgeschichte, and other equally good authorities. 
 
 As the work was published while this catalogue was printing, it 
 was not possible to present testimonials. The author's name is, 
 however, a sufficient recommendation. 
 
 Ancient History for Colleges and High Schools. 
 
 By P. V. N. Myers and William F. Allen. Being Part I. Myers' 
 Eastern Nations and Greece. Part II. Allen's Short History of the 
 Roman People. Bound together in one volume. 12mo. Half-morocco. 
 763 pages. Mailing Price, §1.65; for Introduction, $1.50; Allowance for 
 an old book in exchange, 40 cents. 
 
116 HISTOBY. 
 
 A General History 
 
 For High Schools and Colleges. 
 
 By P. V. N. Myers, President of Belmont College, Ohio ; Author of 
 Ancient History and Mediseval and Modern History. 12mo. Half 
 leather, x + 759 pages. Mailing Price, $1.65 ; Introduction, $1.00 ; 
 Allowance for an old book in exchange, 40 cents. 
 
 HHHIS volume is based upon the author's Ancient History and 
 Mediaeval and Modern History. In some instances the perspec- 
 tive and the proportions of the narrative have been changed to suit 
 a briefer course and students of less maturity ; but in the main, 
 the book is constructed upon the same lines as the earlier works. 
 
 In a word, this history is believed to combine all the qualities 
 that such a work should possess, — a philosophic eye for the great 
 line of development of the life of the race, not diverted by mere 
 incidents ; candor in the treatment of all questions ; a due sense 
 of proportion ; accuracy of scholarship ; and a style transparent 
 though at the same time full of color. 
 
 One feature of the greatest interest and practical value is this, — 
 the author not only brings out and keeps distinct the interrela- 
 tions of things, but he notes and sets clearly before the reader what 
 each nation has contributed to the life and advancement of the 
 race, — and so to our present civilization. Among the methods 
 which will specially recommend themselves to teachers is the plan 
 of cross-references which bind the branches of the learner's acquisi- 
 tions compactly and vitally. 
 
 It is only necessary to add that the book has been found to be 
 just about full enough, and that the text is fully supplemented by 
 the best of maps, by illustrations, indexes, and tables. 
 
 Its adoption in many leading cities and institutions after ex- 
 tended comparison with other works and most thorough discussion, 
 appears to indicate that this work is destined to rank as the best 
 general history. 
 
 J. W. Stearns, Prof, of Pedagogy, 
 University of Wisconsin, Madison, 
 Wis. : Its selection of topics for 
 treatment, its conception of the rela- 
 tions of parts to the whole, its grasp 
 of what is most vital in the history 
 of the civilized world, together with 
 the vividness and vitality of the nar- 
 
 rative make it the best text-book in 
 universal history for beginners that 
 we are acquainted with. It is well 
 equipped with good maps, and the 
 numerous illustrations have been se- 
 lected with a view to their value as 
 elucidations and expansions of the 
 text, (Nov. 1889.) 
 
118 
 
 HISTORY. 
 
 Introduction to the Study of the Middle Ages. 
 
 From the Battle of Adrianople to the death of Charlemagne (a.d. 
 378-814). By Ephraim Emertou, Professor of History iu Harvard Uni- 
 versity. 12mo. Cloth, xviii + 268 pages. Mailing Price, $1.25 ; for 
 introduction, $1.12. 
 
 rpHIS work aims to give, in simple narrative form, an account of 
 the settlement of the Germanic peoples on Roman soil, the 
 gradual rise of the Frankish supremacy, the growth of the Chris- 
 tian Church and its expression in the monastic life and in the 
 Roman Papacy, and finally the culmination of all in the Empire of 
 Charlemagne. The text is supplemented with maps, lists of works 
 for reference, accounts of the contemporaneous material on which 
 the narrative is based, and suggestions to teachers upon topics and 
 methods of special study. 
 
 Contents : Chapter I. The Romans to a.d. 375. II. The Two Races. 
 III. The Breaking of the Frontier by the Visigoths. IV. Vandals and 
 Burgundians. V. Invasion of the Huns. VI. The Germans in Italy. 
 VII. The Franks to G38. VIII. Germanic Ideas of Law. IX. Rise of the 
 Christian Church. X. Franks and Mohammedans. Dagobert to Charles 
 Martel. XI. The Monks of the West. XII. The Franks from Charles 
 Martel to Charlemagne. XIII. Charlemagne King of the Franks. 
 XIV. Foundation of the Mediaeval Empire. XV. The Beginnings of the 
 Feudal System. 
 
 and Political Economy, Amherst 
 College : It is excellent, and I shall 
 recommend it to my classes. 
 
 P. V. N. Myers, Fresident Belmont 
 College, Ohio : I have read the book 
 with great interest. It is a work 
 of rare historical insight. . . . The 
 book is indispensable to any student 
 of the history of the Mediaeval Ages. 
 
 George P. Fisher, Prof, of Eccle- 
 siastical History, Yale College: It is 
 an admirable guide to both teachers 
 and pupils in the tangled period of 
 which it treats. The work is the 
 fruit of diligent investigation; it is 
 concise, but, at the same time, lucid 
 and interesting. 
 
 Anson D. Morse, Prof, of History 
 
 Historia do Brazil. 
 
 Resumo da Historia do Brazil, para uso das escolas primarias Brazileiras. 
 Pela Professora Maria G. L. de Andrade. 12mo. Cloth, x + 231 
 pages. Illustrated. Mailing Price, 85 cents; for Introduction, 75 cents. 
 
 fPHIS is a history of Brazil from the earliest times to the year 
 1848, written in the Portuguese language. It is believed to be 
 the best work of its kind extant, and will be found also an excel- 
 lent reading-book for students of Portuguese. 
 
HISTORY. 119 
 
 The Leading Facts of English History. 
 
 By D. H. Montgomery. New edition. Rewritten and enlarged, with 
 Maps and Tables. 12mo. Cloth. 448 pages. Mailing Price, $1.25. 
 Introduction Price, $1.12; Allowance for old book. 35 cents. 
 
 rpHE former edition has been rewritten, as it had become evi~ 
 dent that a work on the same plan, but more comprehensive, 
 and better suited to prevailing courses and methods of class-work, 
 would be still more heartily welcomed. 
 
 Important events are treated with greater fulness, and the rela- 
 tion of English History to that of Europe and the world is carefully 
 shown. References for further study are added. 
 
 The text is in short paragraphs, each with a topical heading in 
 bold type for the student's use. The headings may be made to 
 serve the purpose of questions. By simply passing them over, the 
 reader has a clear, continuous narrative. 
 
 The treatment of each reign is closed with a brief summary of 
 its principal points. Likewise, at the end of each period there is a 
 section showing the condition of the country, and its progress in 
 Government, Religion, Military Affairs, Learning and Art, General 
 Industry, Manners and Customs. These summaries will be found 
 of the greatest value for reference, review, and fuller study ; but 
 when the book is used for a brief course, or for general reading, 
 they may be omitted. 
 
 No pains have been spared to make the execution of the work 
 equal to its plan. Vivid touches here and there betray the author's 
 mastery of details. Thorough investigation has been made of all 
 points where there was reason to doubt traditional statements. The 
 proof-sheets have been carefully read by two experienced high- 
 school teachers, and also by two college professors of history. 
 
 The text is illustrated with fourteen maps, and supplemented 
 with full genealogical and chronological tables. 
 
 It is believed that this book will be acknowledged superior — 
 
 1. In interest. 2. In accuracy. 
 
 3. In judicious selection of matter. 
 
 4. In conciseness combined with adequacy. 
 
 5. In philosophical insight free from speculation or theorizing. 
 
 6. In completeness. 
 
 7. In availability as a practical class-room book. 
 
120 
 
 HISTORY. 
 
 Send for the special circular, from which are taken 
 the following Representative Opinions : — 
 
 Hon. E. J. Phelps, United States 
 Minister to Great Britain : In my 
 opinion, the author has done ex- 
 tremely well a much-needed work, 
 in presenting in so terse, clear, and 
 available form the principal points 
 in that greatest of all histories, the 
 common property and most useful 
 study of the English-speaking race. 
 
 Professor Goldwin Smith: The 
 book, besides being very attractive 
 in appearance, seems to be very suit- 
 able for the purpose in view, viz., to 
 present school pupils with a clear 
 and intelligent idea of the main facts 
 of English history in connection with 
 the social and industrial development 
 of tbe nation. 
 
 E. B. Andrews, Prof, of History, 
 Brown University : I do not remem- 
 ber to have seen any book before 
 which sets forth the leading facts of 
 English History so succinctly, and 
 at the same time so interestingly 
 and clearly. 
 
 A. L. Perry, Prof, of Political 
 Economy, Williams College : I have 
 never seen anything at all equal to 
 it for the niche it was intended to fill. 
 
 J. B. Clark, Prof, of History, Smith 
 College : 1 especially like its intro- 
 duction of matter relating to the life 
 of the people, in a way that seems to 
 make the narrative less dry, rather 
 than more so, as so often happens. 
 
 Jas. F. Colby, Prof, of Law and 
 Political Science, Dartmouth Col- 
 lege : Its title is a true description of 
 its contents. Its author shows sense 
 of proportion, and wisely gives prom- 
 inence to economic facts and the 
 development of constitutional prin- 
 ciples. (Oct. 27,1887.) 
 
 P. V. N. Myers, Pres. of Belmont 
 College : The book was an admirable 
 
 one as first issued, but the careful 
 revision and the addition of maps and 
 tables have added greatly to its value. 
 In my judgment it is by far the best 
 English History for school-room use 
 now before the public. 
 
 W. F. Allen, Prof, of History, Uni- 
 versity of Wisconsin, Madison : As 
 I have said in relation to the earlier 
 edition, the author has succeeded in 
 an unusual degree in telling tbe story 
 of English History in an interesting 
 and suggestive manner, keeping clear 
 of the prevailing fault of loading his 
 pages with unessential names and 
 dates. (Nov. 22, 1887.) 
 
 F. B. Palmer, Principal of State 
 Normal School, Fredonia, N.Y.: I 
 have not examined anything that 
 seems to me equal to it for a class in 
 English History. 
 
 John Fiske, Prof, of History, 
 Washington University : It seems 
 to me excellent. 
 
 Francis A. Cooke, Teacher of 
 History, Penn Charter School, Phil- 
 adelphia, Pa. : My verdict on Mont- 
 gomery's History is unqualified 
 approval. I have not seen a text- 
 book upon English History so well 
 adapted to school use. 
 
 C. B. Gilbert, Prin. of High School, 
 St. Paul, Minn. : In many respects I 
 consider it the best text-book on 
 English History for high schools that 
 I have seen. Its arrangement is ex- 
 cellent, its style clear and very at- 
 tractive. (Nov. 22, 1887.) 
 
 Frank E. Pluminer, Prin. of High 
 School, Des Moines, la. : I examined 
 it very carefully, and pronounce it 
 the best English History for high- 
 school use of any with which I am 
 familiar. (Nov. '29, 1887.) 
 
HISTORY. 
 
 121 
 
 The Leading Facts of French History. 
 
 By D. H. Montgomery, Author of The Leading Facts of English His- 
 tory, English History Reader, etc. 12mo. Cloth, vi + 321 pages, with 
 fourteen black and colored maps, and full tables. Mailing Price, $1.25; 
 for Introduction, $1.12. 
 
 HHHE object of this volume is to present, within the moderate 
 compass of two hundred and ninety-two pages, the most im- 
 portant events of the history of France, selected, arranged, and 
 treated according to the soundest principles of historical study, 
 and set forth in a clear and attractive narrative. 
 
 The respective influences of the Celtic race, and of the Roman 
 and the German conquest and occupation of Gaul are clearly 
 shown. 
 
 Charlemagne's work and the subsequent growth of feudal insti- 
 tutions are next considered. 
 
 The breaking up of the feudal system, with the gradual consoli- 
 dation of the provinces into one kingdom, and the development of 
 the sentiment of nationality, are traced and illustrated. 
 
 The growth of the absolutism of the crown, the interesting and 
 important relations of France to America, and the causes of the 
 French Revolution, are fully presented. 
 
 The career of Napoleon and its effects on France and Europe 
 are carefully examined. 
 
 Finally, a sketch is given of the stages of the historical progress 
 of France in connection with the state of the Republic to-day. 
 
 G. W. Knight, Prof, of History, 
 Ohio State University : I do not 
 know another book which, in any- 
 thing like the same space, conveys 
 for youthful students so good a no- 
 tion of French events. 
 
 A. H. Fetterolf, Pres. of Girard 
 College : I like it very much. It is 
 an excellent book and I trust soon to 
 have it used in Girard College. 
 
 Edward G. Bourne, Prof, of His- 
 tory, Adelbert College: I have no 
 hesitation in pronouncing it the best 
 French history of its scope that I 
 have seen. It is clear and accurate, 
 
 and shows unusual skill in the selec- 
 tion of matter as well as judgment 
 in emphasizing the political signifi- 
 cance of events. 
 
 The Nation, New York : It is a 
 marked advance on any available 
 work of its scope. The author has 
 shown competent judgment in the 
 choice of his facts and his style is 
 clear and interesting. The propor- 
 tions are well observed, and the po- 
 litical significance of events is given 
 due prominence in his treatment. 
 So far as we have noticed, unusual 
 accuracy has been achieved. 
 
122 
 
 HISTORY. 
 
 ous, and the references seem to me 
 very well selected. I cordially rec- 
 ommend it to all students and teach- 
 ers of English history. 
 (Jan. 3, 1886.) 
 
 English History Reader. 
 
 By D. H. Montgomery. 12mo. Cloth, xxxiv + 254 pages, with a 
 colored map. Mailing Price, 85 cents ; for introduction, 75 cents. 
 
 rpHIS is the first edition of Montgomery's Leading Facts of Eng- 
 lish History. The book has clearly demonstrated its value for 
 reading purposes, and the price has been reduced to make it gen- 
 erally available for this use. 
 
 W. P. Atkinson, Prof, of English 
 and History, Massachusetts Institute 
 of Technology, Boston: It is that 
 uncommon kind of book, a readable 
 short sketch. It is fresh and vigor- 
 
 Pi/grims and Puritans. 
 
 By Miss N. Moore. Square 16mo. Cloth, viii + 197 pages. Illustrated. 
 Mailing Price, 70 cents ; for introduction, 60 cents. 
 
 rPHIS is a book of easy reading, containing sketches of the early 
 days of Massachusetts, — Massachusetts Indians, the Pilgrims 
 of Plymouth, English Boston, Willia?n Blackstone, John Winthrop, 
 Extracts from Wood's New England's Prospect, with notes and 
 appendix. 
 
 It is intended for children who have not yet begun or are just 
 beginning the study of United States History, and to supplement 
 or prepare the way for the ordinary text-book. It has already 
 been used by children under ten years of age. It is provided with 
 maps and illustrations. 
 
 The Reader's Guide to English History. 
 
 By William Francis Allen, A.M., Professor in the University of 
 Wisconsin. Long 8vo. Paper. 50 pages. Mailing Price, 30 cents ; 
 Introduction, 25 cents. The Supplement can be had separately; Mailing 
 Price, 10 cents. 
 
 rpHE arrangement is that of four parallel columns upon two 
 opposite pages : the first column giving the English sovereigns ; 
 the second, histories, biographies, and essays; the third, novels, 
 poems, and dramas illustrating that period of English history; 
 the fourth, the same class of works, illustrating contemporary 
 history. 
 
HISTORY. 
 
 123 
 
 Washington and His Country. 
 
 By Washington Irving and John Fiske. 654 pages, including 13 maps. 
 12mo. Cloth: Mailing price, $1.10; for introduction, $1.00. Boards: 85 
 and 75 cents. QUESTIONS have been prepared to facilitate the use of 
 the work as a text-book of United States history. Paper. 88 pages. 
 Introduction price, 15 cents. 
 
 nnHIS consists of Irving's Life of Washington, judiciously abridged 
 by John Fiske, and supplemented with an Introduction and a 
 Continuation by Mr. Fiske that make the work in effect a His- 
 tory of the United States. It is anticipated that this History 
 will be cordially welcomed and will exert a great influence upon 
 present methods and courses of study. It will be found to com- 
 bine many peculiar excellences. 
 
 1. History is taught through biography. This secures the great- 
 est interest, unity, and clearness, and, at the same time, the greatest 
 moral value. 
 
 2. The history is presented in a readable outline. The salient 
 points are fully and vividly set forth, and cannot fail to impress 
 the memory and the imagination. 
 
 3. The pupil has before him in this book the thought and lan- 
 guage of an acknowledged master of English. 
 
 4. The abridging and the supplementing have been done by one 
 exceptionally competent. The Introduction and the Continuation 
 are masterly sketches, unequalled by anything hitherto published. 
 
 Thus, while acquiring a knowledge of facts and events, the pupil 
 is gaining a love for history and literature, moulding his diction by 
 a classic author, and ennobling his character by contemplating one 
 of the grandest types of humanity. There will be less of mechani- 
 cal study and more of the real, less committing to memory of 
 trivial facts, and a firmer grasp of the important ones. 
 
 W. E. Buck, Supt. of Schools, 
 Manchester, N.H. : I cannot think 
 of another book so desirable for col- 
 lateral reading by pupils studying 
 history in the common schools. 
 
 E. H. Kussell, Prin. of Normal 
 School, Worcester, Mass. : I have 
 ordered a supply for class use. It 
 seems to me the most noteworthy 
 book that has appeared in this field 
 
 for years. I recommend it right and 
 left without reserve. 
 
 Thomas M. Balliet, Supt. of 
 Schools, Springfield, Mass. : It can 
 be used as a text-book on U. S. 
 History; and as a book for supple- 
 mentary reading on the subject, I 
 don't know of anything else equal 
 to it. 
 {Jan. 20, 1888.) 
 
124 
 
 HISTORY* 
 
 Ccesar's Army. 
 
 A study of the military art of the Romans in the last days of the Re- 
 public. By Harry Pratt Judson, Professor of History, University of 
 Minnesota. With illustrations and colored maps. 12mo. Cloth, x + 108 
 pages. Mailing price, $1.10 ; to teachers and for introduction, $1.00. 
 
 rpHIS little book is an attempt to reconstruct Caesar's Army so 
 as to give a clear idea of its composition and evolutions. It is 
 hoped that students of Caesar's writings and students of military 
 science alike may find interest in such a study. 
 
 The Commentaries of Caesar are the story of his wars. They 
 are military history. It is true that they were intended largely for 
 civilian readers at Rome. Still, they imply throughout a certain 
 amount of military knowledge that all Roman citizens were sup- 
 posed to have. The modern student can hardly be said to read 
 understanding^, unless the text conveys to his mind the same 
 idea that it conveyed to the intelligent Roman reader to whom 
 Caesar addressed it. 
 
 C. F. P. Bancroft, Prin. of Phillips 
 Academy, Andover, Mass. : It makes 
 the intelligent reading of Caesar pos- 
 sible, and is itself worthy of inde- 
 pendent study. (Sept. 5, 1888.) 
 
 Ray Greene Huling, Prin. of 
 High School, New Bedford, Mass. : 
 
 It is, I believe, the best as well as 
 the latest presentation of the mili- 
 tary art in Caesar's time. I cannot 
 conceive of a teacher of classes in 
 this author who will not obtain the 
 book as soon as he knows how ser- 
 viceable it is. (June 6, 1888.) 
 
 Topics in Ancient History. 
 
 Arranged for use in Mt. Holyoke Seminary and College. By Clara W. 
 Wood, Professor of History. Square 12mo. Paper. 45 pages. Mailing 
 price, 20 cents; for introduction, 15 cents. 
 
 rpHE object of this little work is to suggest and help topical 
 study. The alternate pages of the book are devoted to a series 
 of illustrative quotations, aiming to show that the best literature 
 is full of the condensed philosophy of history. 
 
 Halsey's Genealogical and Chronological Chart 
 
 of the Rulers of England, Scotland, France, Germany, and Spain. 
 
 By C. S. Halsey, Principal of Schenectady (N.Y.) Classical School. 
 Revised edition, brought down to 1884. Printed on tough rope paper. 
 33 x 50 inches. Introduction and Mailing price, 25 cents. 
 
HISTORY. 125 
 
 The American Journal of Archceology and of the 
 
 History of the Fine Arts. 
 
 Edited by Professor Charles Eliot Norton, of Harvard University, 
 Mr. Arthur L. Frothingham, of Baltimore, and Professor Arthur L. 
 Frothingham, Jr., of Princeton College. Royal 8vo. Published quar- 
 terly, forming a yearly volume of about 500 pages. With colored, helio- 
 type, and other plates, and numerous figures. Subscription Price, $5.00. 
 Vol. I., unbound or bound in cloth, $4.00. Vol. II., bound, $5.00; un- 
 bound, $4.50. Vols. III., IV., and V, each, bound, $5.50; unbound, $5.00. 
 Agents: Paris, E. Leroux ; Turin, Florence, and Rome, E. Loescher; 
 Berlin, Mayer & Miiller. 
 
 rpHE JOURNAL is the organ of the Archaeological Institute of 
 America, and an official organ of the American School of 
 Classical Studies at Athens, and treats of all branches of Archaeol- 
 ogy and Art — Oriental, Classical, Early Christian, Mediaeval, and 
 American. It aims to record all important work in this field. 
 
 London Athenaeum : We have no 
 hesitation in saying that no other 
 periodical in the English language is 
 so well fitted to keep the student who 
 
 lacks time or opportunity to read all 
 the foreign journals abreast of the 
 latest discoveries in every branch of 
 archaeology. 
 
 A Guide to the Study of the History and the 
 
 Constitution of the United States. 
 
 By William W. Rupert, Superintendent of Schools, Pottstown, Pa. 
 12mo. Cloth. 130 pages. Mailing Price, 75 cts.; for Introduction, 70 cts. 
 
 nPHE first part of this work contains a carefully arranged list 
 of topics on United States History. Many of these are sub- 
 divided for the purpose of directing the student along a profitable 
 line of investigation. Many books which throw light upon and 
 add interest to the topics, are named in immediate connection with 
 them. Students are thus introduced to good, wholesome literature. 
 The last half of the work is devoted to simple, attractive, yet accu- 
 rate explanations of all the important provisions of the Constitu- 
 tion. The " Guide " is designed to supplement any text-book on 
 United States History. 
 
 C. F. P. Bancroft, Prin. of Phillips 
 Academy ,Andover , Mass.: The topics 
 and references for the study of United 
 States History, and the brief, clear 
 explanations of the bearing of the 
 various provisions of the Constitu- 
 
 tion, make a useful book which I 
 think will prove a great help to 
 teachers and pupils, and assist in the 
 good work of preparing our young 
 people for intelligent and patriotic 
 citizenship. (Dec. 15, 1888.)