Class Fzi^: Book ' H 5 O / Xj Gop>Ti^ht]^"_ COPYRIGHT DEPOSm /ll^ C\_ V^^ ^^ \ ^ \ HISTORY OF HAEDWICK, MASSACHUSETTS. WITH A GENEALOGICAL REGISTER, LUCIUS R. PAIGE. BOSTON: HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN AND COMPANY. New York: 11 East Seventeenth Street. 1883. Copyright, 1883, By LUCIUS B. PAIGE. The Riverside Press, Cambridge : Printed by H. 0. Houghton and Company. To THE MEMBERS OF THE MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY, AND OP THE NEW ENGLAND HISTORIC GENEALOGICAL SOCIETY, CI)t£f 2F0lttme IS DEDICATED BY ITS AUTHOR, THEIR ASSOCIATE. PEEFACE. From an early period I have been deeply interested in the history of Hardvvick, and in the genealogy of its inhabitants ; — the more deeply, doubtless, because my own ancestors were among the early pioneers, were actively engaged in the manage- ment of public affairs and by numerous intermarriages were connected with so many of its families. Although I have been a non-resident and comparative stranger for more than fifty-six years, my attachment to my native town has never grown cold ; but its rocks and hills are still viewed with almost childish de- light, whenever I visit them, and many of my old friends, though personally departed, are represented by worthy descendants, who are beloved for the fathers' sake. As I had opportunity, from time to time, I have gathered and preserved historical materials* intending to embody them in a permanent form. Other and imperative engagements intervened, and prevented the execution of my purpose until now : so that what I originally designed to be my first literary labor, of any considerable magnitude, has become absolutely the last ; for at the age of eighty-one years it is altogether too late to commence another task requiring much time for its completion. The materials embraced in this history were gathered from various sources ; among the most important of which were the Records of the Proprietors, of the Church, and of the Town, of Hard wick, including the Registry of Births and Deaths by the Town Clerk, and of Baptisms from the beginning, and of Deaths since 1789, recorded by the several Pastoi's of the Church, and supplemented by inscriptions on monuments and head-stones in the several cemeteries. Besides these, I consulted such printed VI PREFACE. authorities as were within my reach, inchiding files of newspapers; the manuscript records of the General Court ; the vast collection of original papers in the Archives of Massachusetts ; the Court Records, and Registries of Probate and of Deeds in several coun- ties, — not only in Worcestei*, but in Bristol, Plymouth, and Barnstable, — and the records of many towns in those counties, from which came so many of the early inhabitants of Hardwick ; and also the records of Bennington and Barnard in Vermont, which towns were originally settled by emigrants from Hard- wick. Besides all this, I have thoroughly explored more ancient burial-places, both in Massachusetts and Vermont, than I can easily enumerate. Notwithstanding the expenditure of so much time and labor, however, I am conscious of many deficiencies, for which I am not wholly responsible ; they are attributable rather to the neglect of parents to record the birth of their children, and of survivors to record the death, or to erect even the most humble memorial, of the departed. It will be observed that, both in the History and in the Gene- alogical Register, some family names occur much more frequently than others, notably the names of Allen, Paige, Robinson, Rug- gles, and Warner. The reason is twofold : first, the families bearing these names were among the very earliest in the town, and with the exception of the first named were from the begin- ning to the present time among the most numerous ; and second, for the first hundred years they were more constantly and prom- inently than others engaged in the management of municipal afi'airs. It will also be observed that my attention has been devoted chiefly to early events in the history of the town, and that com- paratively few recent occurrences are mentioned. The reason is, that I desired to revive and perpetuate the memory of what might otherwise fade entirely from remembrance and pass into oblivion. The current events of the day are fresh in the minds of the living, and are not liable to be soon forgotten. In like manner, I have mentioned some organizations which formerly existed here, such as the Social Library and the Masonic Lodge, because they are wholly of the past, so far as this town is con- PREFACE. vii cerned, and have left no visible trace behind them (unless the painted device on the ceiling of the Rnggles Hall remains percepti- ble) ; and have omitted special notice of living organizations, such as the Library recently established under the patronage of the Ladies, which is already a treasure, and which gives promise of still greater usefulness ; and of the High School, or a school equivalent to a High School, which is understood to be now in successful operation. I have not even ventured to prophesy the future establishment of a school of the highest grade, and of a Free Public Librarj', with funds for their perpetual maintenance, — a "consummation," not only "devoutly to be wished," but not impossible of accomplishment. One of the living organiza- tions, however, deserves a conspicuous place in a history of the town, namel}^ the Grange. But I had no materials for an ac- count in any degree adequate to this institution, representing, as it does, one of the most important branches of industry ; and I considered it more proper to be silent than to speak without knowledge. The Grange is too well known, both at home and in all the region round about, to suffer from this omission of notice. The "R,. Map," or " Ruggles Map," sometimes mentioned in the History, and much more frequently in the Genealogical Register, is a Map of the Town drawn by Gardner Ruggles, Esq., and lithographed, about fifty years ago, indicating the po- sition of the several houses and their distance from the Common. I gx-atefully acknowledge the uniform kindness and courtesy of the gentlemen having custody of the records and archives which I have had occasion to consult, and of the Town Clerks and nu- merous individuals of whom I have sought information, not otherwise to be obtained. My special thanks are due to Albert E. Knight, Esq., the veteran Town Clerk of Hardwick, not only for the facilities granted to me, when making personal investi- gations, but for promptly and patiently answering my multitu- dinous inquiries, and performing much labor on my behalf. I also cherish a grateful remembrance of one of his predecessors in office, Dr. Joseph Stone, for his kindness, assistance, and encour- agement, many years ago. viii PREFACE. I should be unpardonable if I did not acknowledge the public spirit and generosity of the Town, which has caused this History to be published, and has placed a portion of the edition at my disposal, notwithstanding my willingness to furnish the manu- script without any compensation whatever. In justice to the Town, I here insert a certified copy of the vote authorizing the publication : — " At a legal meeting of the inhabitants of Hardwick, Nov. 7, A. D. 1882, on motion of Hon. William Mixter, the following vote was unanimously passed : That the Town cause to be jDublished four hundred copies of the History of Hardwick, written by Lucius R. Paige, D. D., of Cambridge, at an expense not exceed- ing sixteen hundred dollars, and that Mr. Paige retain fifty copies for his own use, for his labor of love in writing the History of his native town, and that the expense of publishing the above History be paid out of any money belonging to the Town. Voted, that the Selectmen be instructed to sell copies of this History, when published, to any who desire them, at four dollars per copy. A copy from the Records. Attest, Albert E. Knight, Town Clerk." A final word in regard to this work. I have spared no reason- able exertion to secure accuracy ; yet the universal experience of authors admonishes me that undoubtedly some errors, perhaps many, have escaped correction, and I bespeak the forbearance of the reader. For the rest, I have not aimed at brilliancy, partly because it was beyond my reach, and partly because I consider it to be unsuited to sober history. If lack of vigor and sj^right- liness be regarded as a serious fault of style, I may plead in ex- tenuation, as in the Preface to my History of Cambridge, and with additional force, that although many of my materials were gathered long ago, I was obliged by other engagements, literary as well as secular, to postpone their final arrangement for publi- cation until impaired health and the infirmities of age became uncomfortably manifest. LUCIUS R. PAIGE. Cambridge, March, 1883. COl^TENTS. INTRODUCTORY. PAGE Location. Boundaries. Soil. Hills. Ponds. Rivers. Brooks. Cli- mate. Longevity of inhabitants 1-3 CHAPTER L Indian occupation. Indian fortress. King Philip. Indian hostilities in Plymouth and Bristol Counties. Sanguinary conflict at Winni- misset. Quabaog destroyed. Report by Ephraim Curtis concerning the Nipmucks. Capt. Edward Hutchinson's commission and death. Capt. Thomas Wheeler's narrative. The Indians abandon their stronghold at AVinnimisset. Personal encounter between Capt. Elea- zar Warner and a Canada Indian 4-14 CHAPTER IL Purchases of Indian titles. Indian deed. The Proprietors petition the General Court to confirm their title. The Representatives grant the request, but the Council non-concur. First settlement at the " Elbows." Title partially confirmed. Purchase and settlement of Leicester by the same proprietors. Associates admitted. Claim by Hendrick Kekquoquau. Answer by proprietors 15-28 CHAPTER IIL Names of Proprietors. Executive Committee. Gratuities. Arrange- ment of lots. Settlers to share the expense of surveying, and to aid in erecting a meeting-house and maintaining a minister. Additional grant of land. First settler. Other settlers admitted. Mill lots. Access of inhabitants in 1736. Incorporation as a district. First ofljcers. Rev. Timothy Ruggles. Incorporation as a town. First town officers. Act of incorporation 29-43 CHAPTER IV. Early arrangement concerning meeting-house, minister, schools, high- ways, and pound. Cattle. Deer. Destructive birds and beasts. Squirrels. Beaver-dam. Land bank bills. Province tax. Cart-way across Great Meadow Brook. Pauper. Inhabitants on the east side X CONTENTS. of Ware River desire to be set off. Excise Bill. Proprietors' meet- ings established at Hardwick. Proprietors' Records. Advent of Brigadier Ruggles. Highways. Lottery. Fair 44-50 CHAPTER V. Emigration to Bennington, Vt., with personal notices. Emigration to Barnard, Vt., -with personal notices. Perils encountered by the pio- neer emigrants^ 51-57 CHAPTER VI. American Revolution. Taxation without representation. Stamp Act. Cono-ress at New York. Brigadier Ruggles, its President, refuses to sio-n its petitions; his reasons therefor unsatisfactory to the Represen- tatives, who reprimand him, but satisfactory to his townsmen. Riot in Boston. The town refuses, but afterwards consents, that the dam- age may be paid "out of the Province Treasury." Brigadier Rug- gles stands alone in opposition to a bill ostensibly designed to encour- age domestic manufactui-es, and renders his reasons publicly. The town instructs its Representative in 1773 to stand fast in defence of its chartered riglits and privileges. Final departure of Brigadier Ruggles from Hardwick. Form of association, prepared by him. His letter of explanation. He refuses to bear arms against his coun- try, and retires' to Nova Scotia. Post of honor assigned to him in an a(!t of banishment. His death, public services, and character. Anecdotes 58-81 CHAPTER Vn. Committee of Correspondence. County convention. Courts of law obstructed. New organization of militia, and officers elected. Min- ute men. Alarm list. Provincial Congress. Constables indemnified. Contribution to Boston sufferers. Tories treated with neglect, dis- armed, confined, and advertised as public enemies. Temporary State Government organized. Few Tories in Hardwick. Sharp controversy with one of the number, settled by appeal to the Gen- eral Court. The conflict succeeded by peace. Anecdote . . . 82-106 CHAPTER VIH. Declaration of Independence recorded by the Town Clerk. Paper money. Heavy taxes. Financial distress. Stay law. Scale of Prices. Abortive attempts to make paper equal with gold. Protest against a proposed bill for refunding the public debt. Scale of De- preciation. The town approves the Articles of Confederation of the United States, and almost unanimously rejects a Form of Constitu- tion proposed by the General Court. Eccentricities of the Town Clerk. Delegates elected to a Constitutional Convention. The pro- posed Constitution accepted, but various important amendments suggested. Subsequent Constitutional Conventions 107-118 CONTENTS. CHAPTER IX. The Sliays Insurrection. Public and private debts excessive. Debtors become desperate, and forcibly resist payment. Demagos^ues stimu- late the popular discontent, which results in open rebellion. The town proposes a Convention at Worcester in 1782, and elects dele- gates. Conventions in 1786. Grievances. General Warner dis- charges one of his aids, on suspicion of disloyalty ; he promptly re- sponds to the Governor's order for the protection of the Courts at Worcester, but is unable to rally a sufficient force. The Courts pre- vented from sitting at Worcester and at Springfield in September, and again in December. Troops raised by enlistment. Hardvvick Company. Attack on the Arsenal at Springfield. Defeat of Shays; he is pursued by Lincoln, in a terrible night's march, from Hadley to Petersham, where the Insurgents are utterly routed. Oath of al- legiance taken by many Hardvvick men. Some of the more active partisans abscond. One of the most prominent is arrested, convicted of treason, and sentenced to be hung, but fully pardoned, and re- ceives tokens of public approbation. Other pardons. The Shays cause popular, having a majority in Hardvvick and generally through- out the western counties ; even in the House of Representatives a majority favor it. Its advocates afterwards become good citizens, but never friendly to a strong government 119-142 CHAPTER X. Boundaries. Additions and diminutions of territory. Incorporation of New Braintree and of Dana. Annexation of the Gore, now included in Gilbertville. Four bridges across Ware River. Roads hilly, and difficult of construction. Sixth INIassachusetts Turnpike. A\'are River Railroad. Massachusetts Central Railroad. Pounds. Pau- pers. Town farm. Proposal to maintain State paupers. Slavery. Town House. Bell. Burial-places. Epitaplis 143-172 CHAPTER XL Meeting-house and ministry. Mr. Ephraim Keith. Church organized. Rev. David White ordained. First meeting-house. Sharp contro- versy concerning the location of the second meeting-house. Unwil- lingness to contract debts. People seated anew in the meeting- house. Deacon Paige absents himself from the communion, and is censured. Ecclesiastical council. Deacon Paige resigns office, and unites with the church in Petersham. Deacon Robinson resigns office and becomes a deacon in the Separate Church. Changes in the manner of singing, and also in the versions of the Psalms sung. Deacon Allen absents himself from the communion, alleging a lack of discipline in the church, but is afterwards pacified and returns to his official duty. Third meeting-house a magnificent structure. Abortive attempt to settle a colleague pastor. Death and character of Rev. David White and of his wife. Deacon Allen elected mod- erator of the church. Attempts to settle a pastor. Rev. Thomas Holt ordained. Confession of Faith and Covenant. Rev. Mr. Holt xii CONTENTS. appeals in vain for an increase of salary; his dismission and subse- quent labors. Pastorate of Rev. William B. Wesson. Division of the original parish. The Congregational Society settle Rev. John M. Merrick and Rev. John Goldsbury; afterwards unite with the Universalist Society. New meeting-house. Pastors. The Calvin- istic Society settle Rev. Martyn Tupper. Confession of faith. Meeting-houses. Pastors. Deacons 173-220 CHAPTER XII. Separate Church. Reasons for separation. Early separatists. Cove- nant. List of members. Removal to Bennington. The original separate church in Hardwick becomes the First Congregational Church in Vermont. Baptist Society. Early members. Corpora- tors. Meeting-houses. Pastors. Deacons. Universalist Society. Petition for incorporation. Corporators. Pastors. Deacons. Amal- gamation with the Congregational Societ}'. Methodist Society. Meeting-house. Trinitarian Congregational Church. Munificent Benefactors. Pastors. Deacons. Meeting-house. Catholic Church. Meeting-house. Priest 221-237 CHAPTER XIII. Graduates. Clergymen. Lawyers. Physicians. Poets. Poetry. Schools. Early teachers. Appropriations. School-houses. High School. Social Library. Early Proprietors. Catalogue of books. Mount Zion Lodge. Original members. Removal to Barre. Mas- ters. Post Offices and Postmasters. Post-riders and mail carriers. Centennial Celebration 238-262 CHAPTER XIV. French War. Brigadier Ruggles. Muster Rolls. Revolutionary War. Minute Men. Major General Warner. Lieutenant Colonels Rice and Sears. Muster Rolls. Descriptive Rolls. Petition of Shearjashub Goodspeed. War of 1812. Abortive attempt to enlist volunteers. Political celebration of independence. Oration. Toasts. War of the Rebellion. Hardwick soldiers. Officers of Militia . 263-293 CHAPTER XV. Population. Tax in 1776. Valuation. Manufactures and agricultural products. George H. Gilbert Manufacturing Company. Furnaces. Forge. Paper Mills 294-311 CHAPTER XVI. Councillors. Senators. Representatives. Delegates to Congresses and Conventions. Justices of the Court of Common Pleas. Justices of the Peace. Moderators. Selectmen. Assessors. Town Clerks. Town Treasurers 312-319 GENEALOGICAL REGISTER 321 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. INTRODUCTORY. Location. — Boundaries. — Soil. — Hills. — Ponds. — Rivers. — Brooks. — Climate. — Longevity of Inhabitants. The town of Hardwick is situated very near tlie territorial centre of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, on the western border of Worcester County, and midway between the States of New Hampshire and Cojinecticut. It is bounded on the south by Ware; on the west by Ware, Enfield, and Greenwich ; on the northwest by Dana ; on the northeast by Barre ; and on the southeast by New Braintree, from which it is separated by Ware River, except at the southerly end of the line. Like many other towns, its boundaries have several times been changed, and its territor}^ enlarged or diminished, as will hereafter be described. It now contains about 21,000 aci'es, of which, with the exception of a few ponds and a somewhat plentiful supply of rocks, almost every inch is improved or improvable. The description given by Whitney in 1793 is substantially cor- rect at the present time : " The town is of a good form and shape, being nearly square. The face of the town is rather rough, hilly, and uneven, although there are no very great and remarka- ble hills. ^ The soil is in general deep, loamy, and very fertile. 1 There is one high hill at the south the east, Monadnock on the north, and on end of the town, called McDoiigal on the the west the mountains beyond Connecti- map, but generally known as Bugle Hill, cut River. In the early part of the cen- which affords excellent pasturage. About tury this was a favorite resort. On the three quarters of a mile north of the Coin- very pinnacle a tower was erected, about mon is Poverty Hill, so called, perhajjs, on twenty feet in height (whose stone foun- account of its unproductiveness. From dation still remains in place), on which a the summit of this hill, though not greatly choice company of young men and maid- elevated above the surrounding highlands, ens were accustomed to assemble on sum- a very extensive and magniticent land- mer afternoons and moonlight evenings^ scape is visible, embracing Wachusett on and make the air resound with music, 1 2 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. The lands produce all kinds of grain in sufficient plenty for the inhabitants ; but they are best adapted to grass and pasturage. Here vast quantities of butter and cheese are made, and most ex- cellent beef fatted for the market. All kinds of fruit-trees flour- ish here." ^ With the exception of the manufacturing village at Gilbert- ville, Hardwick remains an almost exclusively agricultural town. A less quantity of grain, however, is raised now than formerly, and more attention is devoted to the production of hay, milk, but- ter, and cheese. The more general use of horses instead of oxen for farm-labor has also somewhat diminished the quantity of " beef fatted for the market." The township is well watered. Near the southwest corner is Muddy Pond (through which Muddy Brook passes), formerly, and perhaps now famous for its abundance of fish ; and on the northwest border, but now wholly included in Dana, was the even more productive Pottapaug Pond, fed and drained by Swift River. Though the pond is now severed from the town. Swift River still flows across its northwestern corner, furnishing water-power to Southworth's saw-mill and manufactory of powder-kegs, at the place marked " Ward well's Mills " on the Ruggles map. On Ware River, which forms almost the entire easterly boundary of the town, there is a very valuable water-privilege at Gilbertville, and another, less powerful, at the paper mill near Barre, marked " N. W. Mills " on the Ruggles map. On that map are also de- lineated four brooks, all flowing in a southeasterh^ direction into Ware River, and on all of which, except perhaps the first named, are mill privileges of greater or less value : — namel}', Board Meadow Brook, Moose Brook, Great Meadow Brook, and Muddy Brook. Besides these, there is another of considerable size, some- times called Fish Brook, between Moose and Great Meadow brooks. Living springs abound throughout the town. The climate of Hardwick is eminently favorable to health and long life. In the Registration Report for 1877, published under the supervision of the Secretary of State, is an abstract, exhibit- ing the number of deaths registered " for the thirteen years, 1865— 1877," together with the proportion of deaths to the whole pop- ulation. The ratio of " Deaths to 100 persons living " in the both sacred and secular. They called that company are widely scattered abroad ; the hill " Mount Pleasant," an appellation but they cherish a vivid remembrance of which it richly deserves, and which ought " auld lau;>: syne." to be perpetuated. The few survivors of ^ llist. Worcester County, p. 175. INTRODUCTORY. 3 entire Commonwealth was 1.77 ; the same ratio in the town of Hardwick was 1.03, — less than three fifths of the general aver- age. Only five towns in the State exhibited a less number of deaths in proportion to their living population. This result may be attributed partly to the skill of the physicians ; but doubtless it is chiefly due to the clear air and the fresh breezes which sweep over the hills, dissipating and expelling the malaria, and purifying the atmosphere. Very seldom has any epidemic proved destructive in this favored place. The canker-rash, indeed, in 1803, made sad havoc among the children ; and a malignant fever proved fatal to many adults in 1814 ; but generally the inhabit- ants have been preserved from " the pestilence that walketh in darkness," and from " the destruction that wasteth at noonday." In very few towns has so large a proportion of the inhabitants attained the allotted age of threescore years and ten. Before the year 1789, the registry of deaths does not indicate the age of the deceased, with only two exceptions ; but during that year a new system was adopted. If I have counted correctly, the whole num- ber of deaths registered from August 12, 17 " Signed per order, William Paige, Chairman " (of the Com- mittee of Correspondence.) ^ June 3, 1778. " In the House of Representatives, on a petition of the Selectmen and Committee of Correspondence of the town of Hard wick, setting forth that Jonathan Dan forth of said Hard- wick hath conducted in an inimical manner towards this and the other United States, &c., and has commenced two actions at law, one against Timothy Paige, the other against Thomas Robinson, both of said town, which actions are to be tried at the next In- ferior Court of Common Pleas to be holden at Worcester on the second Tuesday of June instant : Resolved, that the petitionei's serve Jonathan Danforth of Hardwick with a copy of their peti- tion and the order thereon, that cause may be shewn, if any there be, on the second Tuesday of the next setting of the General Court, wherefore the prayer of said petition should not be granted ; and notice be given to said Danforth fourteen days at least before the second Tuesday aforesaid ; and that all processes brought against the inhabitants of said Hardwick by said Dan- forth be stayed in the meantime. In Council. Read and con- curred. Consented to by fifteen of the Council." ^ At the time appointed, the following depositions (and several others) were presented, and are still preserved ; the first, here inserted, was dated September 26, 1778, and taken by Paul Man-' dell, Esq. ; the others were taken at the house of Eliakim Spooner in Hardwick, September 14, 1778, by John Mason, Esq., of Barre. " I, Uriah Higgins, of Hardwick, of lawful age, testify and say, that, in the month of December 1775, I was at Albany, and see Jonathan Danforth of said Hai'dwick pui'chase about half a bar- rel of Bohea Tea, which he brought to Hardwick for sale, as I took it. Uriah Higgins." ^ 1 Mass. Arch., ccxix. 440-443. 2 (7g„_ Court Records, xxxviii. 538. ' Mass. Arch., ccxix. 459. 102 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. " I, Gamaliel CoUings, of Hardvvick, yeoman, of lawful age, doth testify and saith, that at Worcester, in the year 1776, at the Inferior Court held there, I was in company with Deac. William Paige of Hardwick, one of the Committee of Correspondence, [who] had Jonathan Dan forth of said town in possession as a suspected person of treason against these States. Deacon Wil- liam Paige not knowing Avhat method to commit said Danforth, and said Paige asking Judge Moses Gill in what manner he should proceed with said Danforth, the said Judge Gill replying that the Committee had authoritj^ to commit to goal any person that the Committee should think was an enemy to their country. Further saith not. Gamaliel Collings. " Question put by the Committee to said Collings : Did Judge Baker give any advice respecting said Danforth ? Answer : Yes; after said Danforth was committed to goal, I heard Judge Baker say that there had not been much law in the land, only the law of the Cominittees, and that the Committees had a right to com- mit any person for treason, till further order of the Court." ^ "■ I, Jonathan Warner of Hardwick, being of lawful age, testify and say, that, agreeable to a Resolve of the Provincial Congress directing the several towns to call on their constables for the out- standing moneys in their hands, Jonathan Danforth being one of the constables, said Danforth being at my house, the question be- ing asked him where he would pay the money he had in his hands, his answer was, he would not pay the money to Hardwick or their Committee ; he was not accountable to them for said money ; he either would see them damned first, or he would be damned before he would pay the money ; and said, I sweai', be- fore I will pay the money to Henry Gardner, Esq., he would pay the money to Harrison Gray. In May 1775, after the Battle of Lexington, the people of Hardwick met for the purpose of raising men ; said Danforth, instead of appearing with his arms like a good soldier, he rode his horse round the companies in an insult- ing manner. And further saith not. Jonathan Waenee." ^ '• I, Thomas Robinson of Hardwick in the County of Worces- ter, of lawful age, testify and say, that in the month of Novem- ber, 1774, being one of the Committee of the town of Hardwick appointed to examine the constables concerning what public mon- ies they had not paid in, Jonathan Danforth, being one of the constables, refused to give any account to said Committee, which refusal he repeated in public town-meeting ; upon which, being 1 ^fass. Arch., ccxix. 458. " Ibid., ccxix. 445. CIVIL HISTORY. 103 told by the deponent that he must account for the monies as re- quh'ed, or he shoultl be given up to the people, he replied, ' damn you all.' ^ In the spring of the year 1775," the whole militia be- ing together, consisting of divers companies, the said Dan forth, instead of bearing arms, rode amongst us, to the no small disturb- ance of the companies. Further saith not. " Thomas Robinson. " Quest, put by said Danforth to said Robinson, whether the riding of said Danforth in the spring of the year 1775, among the militia was before the Lexington Battle ? Ans. Yea." ^ " We, Elijah Warner and Denison Robinson, both of Hard- wick, being of lawful age, testify and say, that in the month of February 1775, or thereabouts, being in Boston in company with Daniel Warner, each of us having a team, the above named Dan- iel Warner was arrested by Harrison Gray, Esq., and, as we un- derstand, in consequence of Jonathan Danforth returning the Province Warrant after the said Daniel Warner had given his re- ceipt thereon to said Danforth in behalf of the town ; the said Danforth having been previously compelled by said town to pay the outstanding money in his hands to Henry Gardner, Esq., or give security to the town for the same, as directed by [the] Pro- vincial Congress. And further saith not. " Elijah Warner, Denison Robinson. " Quest, put by the Committee to the above named persons: How did you know that Daniel Warner was arrested on the re- ceipt on the Province Warrant ? Ans. Mr. Mclntire first in- formed us of the matter ; on which we went to the goal in Bos- ton, and there we found the said Warner in custody of an officer ; and we the said Robinson and Elijah Warner gave our bonds for said Daniel Warner, for his appearance at Court ; and said Rob- ^ Perhaps this was the time when some Being a man of giant form and strength, individuals attempted to seize Mr. Dan- and known to be fearless and resolute, no forth as he left the meeting-liouse. In- one cared to attack him ; and he succeeded stead of then "giving him up to the peo- at last in conveying his charge to a place pie," Mr. Robinson caught him by the of greater security, and finally to his home shoulder and conducted him to the pound, in safety. Mr. Danforth told me in his which then stood on the westerly side of old age, that he verily believed he should the Common. He then addressed the have been killed at that time, if Mr. Rob- multitude, endeavoring to persuade them inson had not protected him. This was to disperse quietly; and at length as- probably the nearest ap|)roach to the exe- sured them, that however much he dis- cution of " lynch-law," which occurred approved the offending individual's con- in this town during tiiat period of high duct, he would not see him abused, but excitement, would defend him to the last extremity. ^ j^/ass. Arch., ccxix. 453. 104 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. inson declares that be read the writ, and read thereon, ' Take no Rebels for bail.' " i " I, Stephen Gorhaln, of Hard wick in the County of Worcester, of lawful age, testify and say, that, in the Fall of the year A. Dom. 1774, after Jonathan Danforth was dismissed from being a minute-man, he asked me if I was going to take up arms against King George. I told him, yea, if he was going to fight against me. Then said Danforth said, we should be all stjded Rebels, and often repeated it. And further saith not. Stephen Goeham." ^ " I, Ebeuezer Lawrence, Jr., of Hardwick in the County of Worcester, of lawful age, testify and say, in the year 1775, in conversation about Bunker Hill Fight, he told me they would have Cambridge within a month ; and said Danforth told me, that if I was you, I would not stir one step to help ; and said Danforth advised me to stay at home about my business. Fur- thermore saith not. Ebenezer LA^YRENCE, Jr." ^ " I, Job Dexter, of Hardwick in the County of Worcester, be- ing of lawful age, testify and say, that at a certain time, 1776, as I was in conversation with Jonathan Danforth of said Hardwick, and discoursing about secreting the estate of Richard Ruggles, he said he Avas a damned fool for discovering to the Committee where any thing of the said Richard Ruggles' estate was ; for they had no more business with it than the Divil had. And fur- ther saith not. Job Dexter." * " I, James Paige, of Hardwick, of lawful age, testify and say, having in May, 1776, a considerable discourse with Jonathan Danforth, he God-damned the Committee, and the Selectmen, and the whole town, repeatedly. And further saith not. "James Paige. " Quest, put by said Danforth to said Paige : Did not you tell me that the Committee would have my estate, if I did not be- have better ? Ans. I do not remember it now. Quest. Was I in a passion when I discoursed with you? Ans. Yes. Quest. Did you ever hear me say any thing against any authority except in the town of Hardwick ? Ans. No." ° After an examination of these and several other depositions of like tenor, and a full consideration of the question at issue, the 1 il/ass. Arch., ccxix. 447. not in the habit of using profane lan- 2 Ibid., ccxix. 456. g"age (at least while I knew him), ex- ^ Ibid., ccxix. 451. cept when he was " in a passion," under * 7Wrf., ccxix. 446. strong provocation. He madcA-ery famil- 6 Jbid., ccxix. 457. In justice to Mr. iar use, however, of the word devil, al- Danforth it should be said that he was ways pronounced by him divil. CIVIL HISTORY. 105 General Court, on the 9th of October, 1778, entered their deci- sion on record : — " In the House of Representatives. Whereas it appears to this Court that Jonathan Danforth, late of Hardwick (now of Barre), since September, 1774, from time to time hath behaved in a very insolent and abusive manner towards the said town of Hardwick, and especially towards the Committee of said town, in their executing the duties of office, particularly in his unrea- sonable turbulent obstinacy in acconnting for public monies in his hands, when properly called thereto ; his endeavoring to con- ceal the goods and effects of persons fled to the enemy ; his dis- couraging and insulting speeches and behavior to and among the good people of said town, when pursuing the orders of govern- ment, &c. ; which line of conduct he continued till about July, 1776, when he, in a sudden and secret manner absconded, having first secretly conveyed away his most valuable effects ; all which gave the strongest presumptive evidence that he was actually fled to the enemy, with others, his friends, that was known to be gone thither. Under these circumstances the Committee of said town proceeded agreeable to the Resolves of the General Court, and in behalf of the Government took possession of his estates that could be found, as a Refugee's estate. That, in about four or five months after, said Danforth returned ; and without applying to this Court for restoring his estates, taken as aforesaid, is harass- ing said Committee with expensive and perplexing law-suits, and is threatening to bring many more, not only to their damage, but also to the disturbance of the good and liege people of this State. \yherefore it is become absolutely necessary for this Court to interpose in this matter : " Therefore, Resolved, that the two actions brought by the said Jonathan Danforth, one against Timothy Paige, for replevy- ing a quantity of tea, the other against Thomas Robinson, for the recovering of a certain house, claimed by said Danforth, which are mentioned in the petition of the Selectmen and Committee of the said town of Hardwick, addressed to this Court, and are now pending in the Inferior Court of Common Pleas for the county of Worcester, shall be, and they are hereby, declared utterly null and void ; and all further proceedings thereon shall cease forever ; and that the said Danforth shall be, and he hereby is, utterly dis- qualified and disabled forever from bringing any other action or actions against said Committee, or either of them, or any other person, either in his own name, or in the name of any other in 106 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. Lis behalf, for the recovery of damages done or supposed to be done in consequence of the proceedings of said Committee or town of Hardwick, dealing with him, the said Danforth, as a person inimical to the common cause, without leave first had and obtained from the General Court. And whereas it doth not appear to this Court that the said Danforth has been guilty of actually joining our unnatural enemies, or giving information to or supplying them, but rather the contrary is supposed: there- fore. Resolved, that the said Committee be, and they hereby are, directed and ordered to acquit and release to the said Danforth all the estate by them taken as the estate of said Danforth, the inventory whereof is lodged in the Secretary's office. In Council, Read and concurred. Consented to by fifteen of the Council." ^ This decision rendered substantial justice to both parties : it justified the Committee, and protected them from further annoy- ance or harm ; on the other hand, while Mr, Danforth was held to have deserved what he had already suffered, in consequence of his intemperate and exasperating opposition to the patriotic move- ment, yet as he had not actually held correspondence with the enemy, nor been guilty of any treasonable act, his liberty and property were restored. He soon i-eturned from Barre, and for nearly half a century resided here in quietness and tranquillity, performing faithfully the duties of a good and loj'al citizen, and enjoying the confidence and esteem of his townsmen. Yet he never entirely forgot his early conflicts. A characteristic stoiy was related of him by his pastor, the Rev. John Goldsbury. In 1831, when he was eighty-eight j^ears old, Colonel Stephen Rice, a member of the Revolutionary Committee of Correspondence, died, at the age of ninety-five. Soon afterwards, Mr. Goldsbury called on Mr. Danforth, who recounted some of his early trials and sufferings. Among other grievances, he said the Committee of Correspondence prohibited him from leaving his own farm, except to go to meeting on Sundays, and to attend funerals. " One day," said he, " a member of the Committee informed me there was to be a funeral, and inquired whether I wished to be present ; I told him I always liked to go to funerals, and I hoped I might live to attend the funerals of the whole Committee ; and I have done it ; I have seen every divil of them under ground ; Rice was the last of them." 1 Gen. Court Records, xxxviii. 673, CHAPTER VIII. CIVIL HISTORY. Declaration of Independence recorded by the Town Clerk. — Paper Money. — Heavy Taxes. — Financial Distress. — Stay Law. — Scale of Prices. — Abor- tive Attempts to make Paper equal with Gold. — Protest against a proposed Bill for refunding the Public Debt. — Scale of Depreciation. — The Town approves the Articles of Confederation of the United States, and almost unanimously rejects a Form of Constitution proposed by the General Court. — Eccentricities of the Town Clerk. — Delegates elected to a Constitutional Convention. — The proposed Constitution accepted, but various Important Amendments suggested. — Subsequent Constitutional Conventions. Soon after the Declaration of Independence was adopted on the memorable 4th of July, 1776, the Town Clerk entered a full copy on the Town Records, " to remain as a perpetual memorial thereof." Thenceforth all professions of loyalty to the King, and desire for an amicable agreement between Great Britain and her colonies disappear from the Records. The last recorded warrant, "in his Majesty's name," bears date February 25, 1775 ; no war- rants for the town-meetings, held April 24, July 5, and Septem- ber 28, of that year, are recorded. The warrants, dated May 15, 1775, and Febrnary 14, 177G, required the constable to warn the inhabitants " agreeable to the Constitution," that is, the charter, which was frequently so designated ; and that which was dated September 26, 1776, demanded the same service " agreetible to the government and people of this State." This is the earliest instance of such use of the word "State," which I have discovered on the Town Records. From this time the town promj)tly and energetically bore its full share of the burdens assumed by the State, in the maintenance of national independence. To defray the enormous expenses of the war, paper money was issued by tlie several States and by the United States, which soon depreciated in value, and which ultimately became valueless, and was utterly repudiated. Heavy taxes were imposed by the State, and burdensome debts assumed by the towns in addition to the 108 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. large sums I'aised by local taxation. General distress followed, such as, a few years later, resulted in open rebellion. As early as 1776, " the people were so pressed with public claims, that they were unable to meet private demands. Laws were made for their relief by suspending legal processes for the collection of debts. The paper money depreciated ; and the soldiers and their families suffered much by it. A committee was appointed to meet others from Connecticut, Rhode Island, and New Hampshire, to adopt measures for preventing the depreciation of the bills, and a spirit of monopoly and speculation which prevailed , the committees had two meetings, but it was found impossible to remedy the evil." 1 Again, in March, 1777, it is said, "the expenses and debts of the State were such, at this period, as to require another large emission of paper, and a tax of X 100,000. The amount of bills was ,£125,000 ; but these depreciated as soon as issued, and the taxes were not easily collected. This was a time of very great distress and suffering." ^ Among the " measures for pre- venting the depreciation of the bills " was one which had many times before been unsuccessfully adopted ; namely, definite prices were fixed for various kinds of labor and merchandise, with the hope that by such uniform prices the uniform purchasing value of the bills might be maintained. The scale of prices prescribed in Hard wick was very minute, and may seem tedious ; yet it is not without interest, as exhibiting the various articles of traffic and consumption, at that period, and their relative value. It seems to have been adopted not long before March 17, 1777, on which day the town granted nine shillings each to Thomas Robinson and John Bradish, " for setting prices on articles in this town." "At a meeting of the Selectmen and Committee of Correspond- ence for the town of Hardwick, agreeable to an Act of the Great and General Court respecting the stating and affixing prices upon labor, victualling, clothing, and other articles hereafter enumer- ated : " Farming labor, from the 1^' of June to the 1** of September, at 3s. per day ; from the 1^* of Sept. to the 15*^ of Nov., 2s. 4d. ; from the 15'^ of Nov. to the lo^^^ of Mar., Is. 8^^. ; from the 16*'' of Mar. to the 1^* of June, 2s. 4id. Carpenters' and house-joiners' work, from the 1^' of April to the 1^' of Oct., 3s. 4c?. ; from the V^ of Oct. to the 1^* of April, 2s. 6d. Mill-wrights, from the 1'* of April to the 1^' of Oct., 4s. ; from the 1^* of Oct. to the 1'* of 1 Bradford's Hist, of Mass., p. 273. 2 jii^i_^ p. 275. CIVIL HISTORY. 109 April, 3s. Masons' work, from the I''' of March to the I''' of Nov. [Oct. ?j 3s. 8 ; from the 1^' of Oct. to the 1^' of April [Mar. ?J 2.S. Sd. For shoeing a horse round, steeled toe and heel, 5s. id. ; for plain shoeing of a horse, 4s. For shoeing a pair of oxen, steeled toe and heel, 9s. For a falling axe, well steeled, 7s. 3^. For a grass scythe, well steeled, 7s. Good plough-shares, well steeled, lOd. per lb. For making good men's and women's shoes, 2s. IQd. per pair, and all other shoe-making in proportion. Men's good neat-leather shoes, 8s. a pair. Women's good neat- leather shoes, 6s. a pair. Men's Taylor's work at 2s. 2d. per day ; women's do. Is. per day. For tanning raw hides, 2d. a lb., and skins in proportion. Good merchantable wheat, 6s. per bushel. Good merchantable rye, 4s. per bushel. Good merchant- able Indian corn, 3s. Good merchantable oats, 2s. Good mer- chantable barley, 4s. Good barley malt, 4s, Good merchantable beans and peas, 6s. Good merchantable Spanish potatoes. Is. in the field, and Is. 6d. in the cellar. Good merchantable turnips, 8<^. Good onions, 4s. Good winter apples, 9d. Doctor's riding in their office, Id. per mile. For weaving all-wool cloth, ell wide, 6d. per yard. For weaving tow cloth, yard wide, 4:d. per yard ; and all other weaving in proportion. For weaving coverlids of the best kind, 6s. each, and other coverlids in proportion thereto. Good fleece wool, 2s. per lb. ; and wool of an inferior kind in proportion. Fresh pork, of the best kind, 4:d. per lb. Grass-fed beef of the best kind, 2d. 'Squ. per lb. Good well-fatted, stall-fed beef, dd. oqu. per lb. Salt pork, by the barrel, 220wt. in a bar- rel, £4. 7s. Good salt beef, by the barrel, 240wt., £?>. 9s. 6d. Good salt pork, clear of bone, 7c?. per lb. Raw hides, od. per lb. Raw calf skins, 6d. per lb. Good merchantable imported salt, 15s. per bushel. Good salt, manufactured in this State, 17s. per bushel. West India rum, by the hogshead, 7s. 3c?. per gallon, in- cluding the hogshead. W. I. rum, by the barrel, 7s. 5(^. per gal- lon, and by the single gallon, 8s. od. ; do. by the quart, 2s. Id. ; do. by the pint. Is. Id. New England rum, by the hogshead or barrel, exclusive of the cask, 4s, bd. ; do. by the single gallon, 5s. \d. ; by the quart. Is. 4cZ. ; by the pint, 8ci Best jNIuscovado sugar, 9c?, per lb., and 8c?, 2qu. by the seven lb. ; and other sugar of an inferior quality, in equal proportion. Best molasses, by the sin- gle gallon, 4s. 9c?. Best chocolate. Is. 10c?. per lb. Best new-milk cheese, 6c?. per lb. Best butter, by the single pound, 9d. Best men's yarn stockings, 6s. Best cotton-wool, 3s. \Qd. per lb. Good, clean, well-dressed flax, Is. Good coffee. Is. 6d. Good tried 110 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. tallow, 5d. per lb. Good yard-wide tow cloth, 2s. 3tf . per yard, and all other tow cloth in proportion to its width and quality. Good yard-wide striped flannel, 3s. 6t?., and all other flannels in proportion. Good all-wool men's wear, wove ell, 9s. per yard, well fulled and sheared. Good charcoal, 2d. 2qu. per bushel. Good yard-wide cotton and linen cloth, 4s., and other cotton and linen cloth of an inferior quality in proportion. Good lamb and mutton, 3tZ. per lb. Good veal, 2d. 2qu. per lb. Good mer- chantable wheat flour, <£1. Is. per hundred wt. For keeping a horse one night, or twelve hours, lOc?., on good English hay. For the best of English hay, Is. 8ri. per cwt. For keeping a pair of oxen one night, Is. For turkeys, dung-hill fowls, and ducks, 4(?. per lb. For geese, 3t?. per lb. Good refined iron, 50s. per cwt. Good bloomery iron, 30s. per cwt., at the place of manufactory. Teaming work. Is. 6cZ. for every ton weight per mile, excepting from Northampton to the Northern Army, for which may be taken 2s. per mile for each ton weight. Good new milk in the winter season, 2 coppers per quart; in the summer season, 2 cop- pers per quart. ^ A dinner of common meat-victuals, and proper sauce and other conveniences, %d. For a dinner, two dishes, roast and boiled, 10c?. For a supper of common meat-victuals, and a breakfast, 8t^. For a supper or breakfast of milk, ^d. For a night's lodging, Zd. For a mug of good West India flip, lltZ. ; do. of N. E. rum, 9c^. W. I. rum, by the half pint, ^d. ; by the gill, 4(^. For a mess of oats, 2 quarts in a mess, 3(i. N. E. rum, by the half pint, Qd., by the gill, 3c?. Good cider, 2c?. 2qu. by the mug. Good merchantable cider-barrels, 3s. Qd. each, with split ash hoops. Good merchantable pails, with locked hoops, 2s. each, and all other cooper-work in the same proportion. Ox-work in the summer season, Is. 6c?. per day ; do. in the winter. Is. Horse-hire, 2t:?. per mile. For pasturing a horse. Is. (jd. per week. For pasturing a yoke of oxen, 2s. 4c^. per week ; do. for a cow, 10c?. per week. For keeping a cow in winter. Is. 8c?. per week. For a man's day's work, with four oxen and cart, 7s. per day. For keeping a horse in the winter season 3s. per week. For keeping a yoke of- oxen, in the winter season, 4s. per week. For a bushel of flax-seed, clear of foul seed, Qs. For a thousand of good merchantable bricks, 18s. per thousand. Good mei'chant- able shingles, 12s. per thousand. Good merchantable men's sad- dles, <£2. 14s. each. Good merchantable women's saddles, deer's- leather or plush seat, X3. 12s. Good bridles, made of neat's ^ Probably one of these figures is an error. CIVIL HISTORY. Ill leather, 6s, each Good broad hoes, 3s. 6d. Linen wheels, 16s. each. Woolen wheels, 7s. For boarding a common laboring man, Qs. per week. White pine boards of the best kind, £3. per thousand. Common yellow pine boards, £1. 6s. 8d. per thou- sand. For making a pair of good cart wheels, 33s. For boarding colliers and furnace-men, 7s. per week. For floor-boards of the best kind, <£1. 12s. per thousand. For oak and chestnut boards, and common slit- work, <£1. 4s. per thousand. Men's labor, by the year, XI 9. Bohea tea, 4s. Qd. per lb. Good shovels, 4s. each. Good sole leather, Is. 3c^. per lb. Curried leather, in usual proportion to tanned hides." Notwithstanding this effort to sustain it, the value of paper money continued to depreciate, and larger sums were required in exchange for labor and for the necessaries of life.^ A law was subsequently^ enacted, imposing a heavy penalty on any person who should demand or receive a higher price in bills of credit than in gold or silver for his merchandise ; but this measure was equally unsuccessful. Before proceeding to this extremity, how- ever, the General Court, on the 13th of October, 1777, passed " An Act for drawing in the bills of credit of the several denom- inations, not on interest, which have at any time been issued by this Government, and are still outstanding, and for prohibiting the currenc}^ of said bills and the bills of any one of the United States after a certain time. "Whereas, many inconveniences have arisen from the fre- quent and large sums of money and the various kinds, emitted for carrying on the present war, and it has become necessary for the welfare of this State that the whole sum, not on interest, now outstanding in bills of credit emitted by this State, small change of less than a dollar only excepted, should be called in and sunk, by exchanging them for Treasurer's notes for sums not less than ten pounds, on interest, to be paid annually, at the rate of six per cent per annum. " Be it therefore enacted by the Council and House of Repre- sentatives in General Court assembled, and by the authority of the same. That the Treasurer of the State be and hereby is authorized and empowered to receive into the public Treasury the whole and ever}' part and parcel of the bills of public credit emitted by this State, not on interest, (small change, less than a ^ During the recent civil war, a similar the Union, but strikingly i)arallel in the difficulty was experienced; far less severe, Confederate States, indeed, among those who were loyal to 112 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. dollar only excepted), and in lieu thereof to give to the possessor or possessors his note or obligation for any sum not less than ten pounds, until he shall have exchanged or redeemed the sum of two hundred and fifty thousaud pounds, in the form following," [namely, a note, payable March 1, 1781], " and for the remaining sum now outstanding as aforesaid, his note or obligation, in the form following," [namely, a note payable March 1, 1782. Pro- vision was made for the payment of these notes by taxes to be reasonably assessed.] " And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That the possessor and possessors of the bills of public credit of this State are hereby called upon and directed to bring the same to the Treasurer on or before the first day of January, 1778, from whom the}' shall be entitled to receive in exchange for all such bills, so delivered in, a Treasurer's note as aforesaid, for any sum not less than ten pounds, upon interest at the rate of six per cent per annum, wdiich interest shall be paid annually. " And for the more speedy accomplishing the good intentions of this Act, and preventing the evils arising from large emissions of various kinds of bills, — Be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid. That if the possessor or possessors of said bills shall neglect to offer the same to be exchanged by the said first day of January, 1778, all right or claim to the redemption or exchange of said bills shall cease and determine. " And be it further enacted by the authority^ aforesaid, That if any person or persons within this State shall offer to pass, after the first day of December next, in any kind of payment what- soever, any of the bills of public credit emitted by this or an^'^ of the United States, except bills on interest emitted by this State, and such as are under the denomination of one dollar, every per- son so offering or passing any such bill shall forfeit and pay for each offence the sum of five pounds," etc. Provision was made for extension of time to constables, or collectors of taxes, and to soldiers serving in the army.^ This method of funding the public debt, strongly resembling a forced loan, and withdrawing suddenly nearly the entire currency of the country, drew from the inhabitants of Hardwick almost the only protest to be found on their Records against the pro- ceedings of the General Court, during the Revolutionar}' period. At a town-meeting, November 24, 1777, a committee, consisting 1 General Court Records, xxxviii. 111. Laws of Massachusetts from July, 1775, to October, 1780, p. 142. CIVIL HISTORY. 113 of Joseph Allen, William Paige, and David Allen, reported a remonstrance, wliicli was adopted : — " State of Massachusetts Bay. To the honorable the Council and House of Representatives in General Court assembled. A remonstrance and petition of the town of Hardwick, regularly assembled. Taking into consideration the late Act made for calling in all the bills of public credit of this State not on interest, so sudden, and putting them on interest (excepting those that are under a dollar), this town look upon said Act to be attended with many grievances, considering the circumstances of the pub- lic affairs at this day, which necessarily raises the public charges exceeding higb, had there been no vile oppressors risen up, whose covetous and sordid measures have almost doubled the same, by which multitudes of the poorer sort of people have been and will be reduced to poverty. (1.) To us it appears the manner of call- ing in said bills puts another great advantage into the hands of men, who of all others should be guarded against ; for these very men have taken advantage of the times, and engrossed by cruel oppression great estates, and many of them from little or nothing ; and instead of suffering by this sore expensive war, rise upon the ruins of their fellow-men. (2.) It appears to us very extraor- dinary, when the bills are emitted for various sums, promising to receive them into the treasury for the sums specified, and now declare they will not receive them, unless to the amount of ten pounds. Where then is tlie public faith ? (3.) We look upon it cruel and oppressive, when compared with former acts which made the money a lawful tender till the last instant, and the next day a fine to offer it ; and the possessor who is then obliged to take it is exposed to have it die in his hands. Therefore, for these and other reasons which may be given, we see no way how the greater part of the poorer sort of people will ever be able to pay their public charges. We well remember what cruel and oppressive acts has been endeavored to be enforced on the good people of tliese United States, by the King and Parliament of Great Britain ; but we hope and trust we never shall be oppressed in like kind by our own Legislature. Therefore we bear our tes- timony against said Act, and desire a speedy repeal thereof. As in duty bound shall ever pray." Similar remonstrances from other towns were presented ; and the General Court yielded so far to the public demand as to postpone the time at which bills of credit should be repudiated, if not offered in exchange for treasury notes, to April 1, and 114 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. again to June 1, and a third time to December 1, 1778.^ Still, the value of paper-money continued to depreciate. Once more an effort was made to check the evil, by a general establishment of prices. A convention for that purpose assembled at Concord in October, 1779, at which Timothy Paige was a delegate from Hardwick. A scale of prices was adopted, and the people were exhorted to conform to it in all their pecuniary transactions. But this experiment, like all others of the kind, proved ineffect- ual ; all whose income was a fixed sum, like the clergy, and the officers and soldiers in the army, suffered severely ; and the whole community shared in the suffering. No man knew, when he re- ceived paper-money, whether he could dispose of it at half its present rate. It depreciated so rapidly ^ that it was almost im- possible for even the imagination to keep pace with it. Some idea of the magnitude of this evil may be formed from a vote of the town, July 28, 1780: "Voted, to give to each soldier, one thousand pounds, which is esteemed equal to twelve pounds in silver money." One dollar in silver was equal in value to eighty- three dollars and thirty-three cents in paper. During this period of sore financial distress, in addition to the unavoidable anxieties and calamities of war, an attempt was made to establish a firm and stable government, in place of that which had been violently overturned. The delegates of the sev- eral colonies agreed on articles of confederation and union, the more effectually to protect themselves against the common enemy, and submitted the same to their constituents for approval. At 1 Laws of Mass., 1775 to 1780, pp. 149, 169,183. 2 The rate of depreciation is exhibited in 'Salt's Massachusetts Currency, p. 196. " Massachusetts Scale of Depreciation agreeably to a Law of the State for the settling of contracts, both public and pri- vate, made on and since the first day of January, 1777; one hundred dollars in gold and silver in January, 1777, being equal to one hundred and five dollars in the bills of credit of tlie United States. January, February, March, April, May, June, 1777. 105 107 109 112 115 1778. 325 350 375 400 400 1779. 742 868 1,000 1,104 1,125 1780. 2,934 3,322 3,736 4,000 July, 125 425 1,477 August, 150 450 1,6.30 September, 175 475 1,800 October, 275 500 2,030 November, 300 543 2,308 December, 310 634 2,593 "From April 1, 1780, to April 20, one Spanish milled dollar was equal to forty of the old emission. 120 400 1,342 April 25, April 30, May 5, May 10, May 15, May 20, May 27, May 30, Juue 10, June 15, 42 June 20, 44 August 15, 46 September 10, 47 October 15, 49 November 10, 54 November 30, 60 62 1781. 64 February 27, 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 "5" CIVIL HISTORY. 115 a town-meeting, January 12,1778, "after reading the Articles of Confederation and perpetual Union of the United States of America, the town voted, unanimously, to give their Representa- tives of the Great and General Court instructions to vote to con- firm the same." At about the same time the General Court resolved itself into a Constitutional Convention, and prepared a Constitution for Massachusetts ; this, however, did not meet the popular ap- proval, but was rejected by a decisive vote. In this town, the inhabitants met, April G, 1778, " to hear a Constitution and Form of Government read, for the State of Massachusetts Bay, agreed upon by the Convention of the State, Feb. 28, 1778, to be laid before the several towns and plantations in said State for their approbation or disapprobation." At an adjournment of this meeting, April 20, 1778, the proposed Constitution was referred to a committee, and it was "voted to adjourn this meeting to ^Monday the 11^^ day of May next at 2 o'clock afternoon, and met accordingly, and proceeded as follows. (1.) Accepted the report of the committee by a great majority. (2.) A motion was made to have the whole Constitution put to vote, all at a lump ; 1 it was accordingly done, and passed in the negative. (3.) Voted, that the report of the Committee should be sent to the General Assembly by the Town Clerk. N*? of voters at said meet- ing, 15G ; N° of voters for said Constitution, 16 ; N° of voters against it, 140." This first effort having failed, the General Court passed a Re- solve, February 19, 1779, requiring the several towns to deter- mine " whether they choose, at this time, to have a new Consti- tution or form of Government made," and " whether they will empower their Representatives for the next year to vote for the calling a State Convention, for the sole purpose of forming a new Constitution." At a town-meeting, May 11, 1779, to act on these 1 The town clerk, Sylvaims Wash- . , . and to make report to the town as burn, often used great latitude of ex- soon as may be, for their acceptance." pressiou in his records, of which this is On the next day, " the above committee one instance. Another occurs under date laid before the town a scandalous pcti- of March 6, 1780, when the town met " to tion, and it was put to vote to see if the see in what manner the town will consider town would accept of said petition, and it a request to us presented by a respectable passed in the negative." To this record number of tlie inhabitants of this town the clerk added a marginal note : " a ri- coucerning a late Tax Act of the 13th of diculous article in the warrant, that cost December, 1779." "Voted to choose a the town a whole day to act upon it." Committee to draught a petition to send Other specimens of Mr. Washburn's offi- to the General Court, praying that the cial humor may be found under dates of time of payment might be lengthened, June 14,1780, and March 5, 1787. 116 HISTORY OF HAKDWICK. questions, the record is, " N° of voters at said meeting 81, and all voted in the affirmative." A large majority of voters in the State expressed the same desire, and the General Court directed that delegates should be elected in the several towns to meet in Con- vention. This town elected William Paige, Jonathan Warner, and John Hastings. The Convention met at Cambridge, Septem- ber 1, 1779, and continued in session, by several adjournments, until March 2, 1780, when having agreed on a Constitution, it was " Resolved that this Convention be adjourned to the first Wednesday in June next, to meet at Boston." Jt was ordered that printed " copies of the Form of Government " be sent to every town and plantation, and " if the major part of the inhabit- ants of the said towns and plantations disapprove of any particu- lar part of the same, that they be desired to state their objections distinctly, and the reasons therefor." The selectmen were re- quested to make return of the result on the first Wednesday in June ; and it was " Resolved, that the towns and plantations through this State have a right to choose other delegates, instead of the present members, to meet in Convention on the first Wednesday in June next, if they see fit." ^ The Convention re- assembled June 7, 1780, and remained in session until the 16th of the same month, when it was finally dissolved. The town held four meetings, May 1, 8, 22, and 25, 1780, to act on the proposed Constitution. At the second meeting, it was " voted that there be no Governor appointed, by a majority of 27 against 15." At the third meeting, it was " voted, that if there be a Governor, that he be of the Christian Protestant Religion," instead of " the Christian Religion." At the fourth meeting, a committee, consisting of Joseph Allen, William Paige, Aaron Barlow, Thomas Robinson, and John Sellon, submitted a rejDort, embracing several amendments to objectionable articles, with the reasons therefor; which report, with the proposed amendments, was accepted by a vote of 40 against 2. Some of the objections and amendments were as follows : — " In the Bill of Rights, Article I, page 7, objected to and amended : it reads thus, — ' All men are born free and equal, «&c.,- amended, — ' All men, whites and blacks, are born free and equal,' &c. ; Reason : lest it should be misconstrued hereafter, in such a manner as to exclude blacks." ^ Article III. " Voted, That a person that does not attend the public worship of God at any 1 Journal of Convention, pp. 168, 169. ^ Xhis question was decided by 68 yeas against 10 nays. CIVIL HISTORY. 117 place ought not to be taxed in the place where he lives. Every other article in the Declaration of Rights approved." Article 1, page 15, objected to, because the two branches have a negative on each other ; whereas it ought to be but for a given time, and at the expiration of said time, if non-agreed, that both houses meet, and by a majority decide the controversy." " Article 2, objected to, because the majority of the court can't make a law, without being exposed to a negative by the Gov- ernor." The qualification of voters was objected to, " because every male, being twenty-one years of age, must have an annual in- come of three pounds, or an estate worth sixty pounds, to be qualified to vote for a senator. Reason : That every male, being twenty-one years of age, ought to vote in all cases." The mode of filling vacancies in the senate objected to : " Rea- son : The persons having the highest number of votes in the Dis- trict ought to be the men." The oflice of Governor was disapproved : " Provided, neverthe- less, that if the inhabitants of this State shall see meet to choose a Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, and Council, they should by no means have power over the militia ; but the militia shall be under the order and direction of the General Court ; and that they or either of them shall not prorogue, adjourn, nor dissolve the General Court Avithout their request ; and that they by no means appoint any officers, either civil, judicial, or military." ^ It was further recommended by the committee, and the town voted its approval, to wit : — '* That the power of pardon always be in the hands of the Leg- islature : "■ That the Justices of the Superior Court be appointed by the Genei-al Court : " That the Justices of the Inferior Court be chosen by the peo- ple of their county, as the Registers now are : " That all Justices of the Peace shall be chosen annually by the people in each town in which they dwell, by ballot : " That the Register of Deeds for each town in this State be annually chosen by ballot : " That the Judges of Probate for each town in this State be annually chosen by the people of each town, by ballot, to serve in that town only : ^ 1 June 5, 1780. The town proposed a should be divided into proper districts . . . different amendment, "that each county because some counties are so large that by 118 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. " That the captains and subalterns of the militia shall be elected by written votes of the alarm list and training band of their re- spective companies, of twenty-one years of age and upwards : " That the colonels and majors be chosen by their respective regiments, the brigadiers and brigade majors by their respective brigades, the adjutants and quarter-masters by their respective regiments, by ballot." Acting upon the suggestion of the Convention before mentioned, the town now " voted to dismiss the former delegates to the Con- vention, and dismissed them accordingly ; and voted to choose one man to attend said Convention on the first Wednesday in June next, to be held in Boston, and made choice of Deac. Wil- liam Paige for said delegate." ^ Some of these proposed amendments were subsequently adopted, — such as universal suffrage, and election by plurality of votes. In the Declaration of Rights, the first article was interpreted to secure the freedom of the " blacks " in this State, nearly a century before universal emancipation resulted from a desperate attempt to extend and perpetuate the institution of slavery ; and the proposed amendment of the Third Article was adopted in 1833, since which time the maintenance of public worship has been voluntary, not compulsory. So far, the inhab- itants of Hardwick were somewhat in advance of the age. In some other respects, they exhibited that excessive love of liberty which is unwilling to submit to any restraint, or to give the government sufficient power to execute its proper functions. The same spirit was manifested by a majority of the people here, as in almost all the towns in the western counties of the State, during the stormy period which followed ; and in 1788 it nearly prevented the adoption by Massachusetts of the Constitution of the United States, because it was supposed to invest the general government with too much power.^ reason of time and cost in travelling and 2 The town voted, August 21, 1820, attendance in the settling of estates, wid- "that it was expedient that Delegates ows and or))hans are put to great expense should be chosen to meet in Convention ■which might be lessened by the proposed for the purpose of revising or altering the amendment." Constitution of government of this Com- 1 June 14, 1780. The town modified monwealth ; " and on the 16ih of the its action in regard to delegates, as quaint- following October, Timothy Paige, Esq., ly expressed by the town clerk : " Voted, and Dr. Joseph Stone were elected dele- that the town does approve of Brig'r Jon- gates. Four unsuccessful ballots were athan Warner as their delegate at the taken March 7, 1853, for the election of Convention ; also voted, that the Hon"' Delegates to the Constitutional Conven- William Paige be considered as a member tion which met in that year, and the town in full communion of said convention." was not represented therein. CHAPTER IX. CIVIL HISTORY. The Shays Insurrection. — Public and Private Debts Excessive. — Debtors become Desperate, and forcibly resist Payment. — Demagogues stimulate the Popular Discontent, which results in Open Rebellion. — The Town proposes a Convention at Worcester in 1782, and elects Delegates. — Con- ventions in 1786. — Grievances. — General Warner discharges one of his Aids, on Suspicion of Disloyalty : he promptly responds to the Governor's Order for the Protection of the Courts at Worcester, but is unable to rally a Sufficient Force. — The Courts prevented from sitting at Worcester and Springfield in September and again in December. — Troops raised by En- listment. — Hardwick Company. — Attack on the Arsenal at Springfield. — Defeat of Shays : he is pursued by Lincoln, in a Terrible Night's March from Hadley to Petersham, where the Insurgents ai'e utterly routed. — Oath of Allegiance taken by many Hardwick Men. — Some of the More Active Partisans abscond. — One of the Most Prominent is arrested, con- victed of Treason, and sentenced to be hung ; but is fully pardoned, and receives Tokens of Public Approbation. — Other Pardons. — The Shays Cause Popular, having a Majority in Hardwick, and generally through- out the Western Counties ; even in the House of Representatives a Ma- jority favor it. — Its Advocates afterwards become Good Citizens, but never Friendly to a Strong Government. The Constitution was adopted by the requisite majority of citizens, but this did not relieve their financial distress ; on the contrary, it was aggravated by the legal machinery thus provided to enforce the payment of public and private debts which had long been held in abeyance. The result was a forcible resistance to the constituted government, which, from the name of a prom- inent leader, was called the " Shays Insurrection," or " Rebel- lion." Its immediate cause is succinctly stated by its historian : — " The citizens were then left free indeed, and in full possession of the valuable objects which they had fought to obtain. But the price of those objects was high, and could not but be attended with the usual consequences of great exertions, when founded on the anticipation of public resources. Their private state debt, when consolidated, amounted to upwards of 1,300,000<£., besides 250,000^., due to the officers and soldiers in their line of the 120 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. army. Their proportion of the federal debt was not less, by a moderate computation, than one million and a half of the same money .^ And in addition to this, every town was embarrassed by advances which they had made, to comply with repeated requisitions for men and supplies to support the army, and which had been done upon their own particular credit. The weiglit of this burden must strike us in a strong point of view, if we com- pare it with the debt before the war, which fell short of 100,000 £., and with still more foi'ce, perhaps, if we consider that by the cus- tomary mode of taxation, one third part of the whole was to be paid by the ratable polls alone, which but little exceeded ninety thousand,^ True it is, that a recollection of the blessings which this debt had purchased must have operated, in the minds of a magnanimous people, to alleviate every inconvenience arising from such a cause ; but embarrassments followed which no con- siderations of that nature could be expected to obviate." ^ In this emergency, the people very naturally resorted to those agencies which proved so effectual in the Revolutionary period, — town-meetings, namely, and county conventions. These assem- blies, like those of the former period, found more and more grievances as they sought relief from the principal burden. The government removed some of these alleged grievances by legis- lative enactment, and uniformly manifested a forbearing and forgiving spirit. The public discontent, nevertheless, increased, being fomented and stimulated by political demagogues, until it culminated in absolute rebellion and resort to arms. After the rebellion was overpowered by superior military force, some of the persons who had been actively engaged in the field became fugi- tives from justice, and fled from the State ; the large majority of them received a full pardon, on surrendering their arms and taking the oath of allegiance ; a small number were fined, or imprisoned, or both ; and a few of the leaders were convicted of treason and sentenced to be hung, but not one of the number was executed for the crime of treason only. I do not propose to recite all the details of this unhapjDy conflict ; but some of the 1 Amounting, exclusive of town and tion of the people were hopelessly in- private debts, 'to £3,050,000, equal to debted to their fellow-citizens, who were $10,166,666. becoming clamorous for payment and at- 2 The whole was more than a hundred tempting to enforce it by legal process, and thirteen dollars for each tax-payer, involving heavy costs. and one third was almost forty dollars ^ Minot's Hist, of Insurrections, etc., pp. for each ratable poll. In addition to 5, 6. this enormous public debt, a large por- , CIVIL HISTORY. 121 events, in whicli this town or its individual inhabitants had an active agency, should be mentioned. The first trace of opposition to the due course of law, which appears on our records, is found under date of January 8, 1782, when, upon petition of sundry persons " with regard to the numerous law-suits that are or may be commenced,^ — fearing that the dangerous consequences thereof, unless some measures be speedily adopted to prevent it, will reduce us to poverty and distress," the town " Voted to address the General Assembly on the subject," and chose William Paige, Ebenezer Washburn, and Daniel Warner, to prepare the address. Two months later, what seems to be the initial movement for a county convention had its origin here, to wit: The town met March 4, 1782, under a warrant "■ to take into consideration a petition which is as fol- lows : the petitioners taking into consideration our public affairs, and the great demands from the public for money by taxation, and the multiplicity of law-suits, and a scarcity of money, which renders it entirely out of the power of the good people of this State to comply with the above demands, they therefore desire that a town-meeting be called, to consider the articles following : 1. To see if the town will choose a committee, to write circular letters to other towns in the county of Worcester, to meet in convention, in the town of Worcester, at the house of Mr. Brown, innholder in said Worcester, and choose a member or members for said convention. 2. To see if the town will petition the General Court for a redress of grievances." The town " voted to choose a committee to write circular letters to the otlier towns in this county, agreeable to the warrant, and made choice of Ichabod Dexter, Col. Winslow,^ and David Allen, for said com- mittee. Voted to adjourn to the IS*'^ of March, at one o'clock afternoon, and then met and chose Capt. Ichabod Dexter, Capt. Daniel Egery, and Nathaniel Haskell, members to meet in con- vention at Worcester on the second Tuesday of April next." Apparently in response to this invitation, " on the 14"' of April of tliat .year, the delegates of twenty-six towns of tlie county assembled in convention, and attributing the prevailing dissatisfaction of the people to want of confidence in the disburse- ^ This grievance increased rapidly, the general difficulties drove away pur- "In 1784, more than 2,000 actions were chasers." Lincoln's Ilist. of Worcester, entered in the County of Worcester, then p. 131 . having a population less than 50,000, and ^ j ^m unable to identify this person in 1785, about 1,700. Lands and goods satisfactorily. were seized and sacrificed on sale, whoa 122 HISTORY OF HARDWiCK. ment of the great sums of money annually assessed, recommended instructions to the representatives to require immediate settle- ment with all public oflBcers entrusted with the funds of the Com- monwealth ; and if the adjustment was delayed or refused, to withdraw from the General Court and return to their constitu- ents ; to reduce the compensation of the members of the House, and the fees of lawyers ; to procure sessions of the Court of Pro- bate in different places in the County ; the revival of confessions of debt; enlargement of the jurisdiction of justices of the peace to £20 ; contribution to the support of the continental army in specific articles instead of money ; and the settlement of ac- counts between the Commonwealth and Congress. At an ad- journed session, May 14, they further recommended, that account of the public expenditures should be annually rendered to the towns ; the removal of the General Court from Boston ; separa- tion of the business of the Common Pleas and Sessions, and in- quiry into the grants of lands in Maine in favor of Alexander Shepherd and others." ^ The convention then adjourned until August ; and July 1, 1782, on the question " whether the town will join any further in the county convention, which now stands adjourned in the town of Worcester," it was " voted that they look upon it expedient that they join further in the abovesaid county convention," At the appointed time, however, very few delegates assembled, and the convention was dissolved witliout further action. The measures adopted by the General Court produced tempo- rary quiet. No further disturbance occurred in this county for nearly four years, except that a convention met in 1784, at the request of the town of Sutton, in which, however, it does not ap- pear that Hardwick was represented. This convention was com- paratively orderly, but prepared a formidable list of grievances, in the form of a petition to the General Court. Early in 1786 the agitation was recommenced, with additional energy. The first concerted action of this town, which appears on the record, bears date January 25, 1786. Under a warrant " to see if the town will give their Representative some instructions with regard to the present difficulty that the inhabitants of the Commonwealth labor under, for the want of a circulating medium, that he use his influence in the General Court that some mode might be adopted for their relief," it was " Voted, to instruct their Representative to use his influence in the General Court to have a Bank of Paper 1 Lincoln's Hist.of Worcester, p. 132. CIVIL HISTORY. 123 emitted, and chose a committee for that purpose, viz., Capt. John Hastings, Capt. Ichabod Dexter, David Allen, Thomas Wheeler, and Deac. William Paige." " The want of a circulating medium," or the lack of money, for the payment of debts and taxes, was the most pressing bur- den which then rested on the people ; and how to remove it was the problem to be solved. Hardwick recommended the issue of paper money by the government. Other towns expressed the same desire. Resort was had to county conventions, by which the list of grievances was rapidly enlarged, and the measures proposed for relief were multiplied. The historian of the Insur- rection selects one of those conventions, as presenting probably a more full statement of the whole difficulty than is elsewhere to be found : — " At a meeting of delegates from fifty towns in the county of Hampshire, in convention held at Hatfield in said county, on Tuesday the 22*^ day of August instant [1786], and continued by adjournments to the twenty-fifth, &c. Voted, that this meeting is constitutional. The convention from a thorough conviction of great uneasiness subsisting among the people of this county and Commonwealth, then went into an inquiry for the cause ; and, upon mature consideration, deliberation, and debate, were of opinion that many grievances and uiniecessary burdens, now ly- ing upon the people, are the sources of that discontent so evi- dently discoverable throughout this Commonwealth. Among which the following articles were voted as such, viz. (1.) The existence of the Senate. (2.) The present mode of representa- tion. (3.) The officers of government not being annually de- pendent on the representatives of the people, in General Court assembled, for their salaries. (4.) All the civil officers of gov- ernment not being annually elected by the representatives of the people in General Court assembled. (5.) The existence of the Courts of Common Pleas and General Sessions of the Peace. (6.) The fee table, as it now stands. (7.) The pi-esent mode of appropriating the impost and excise. (8.) The unreasonable grants made to some of the officers of government. (9.) The supplementary aid. (10.) The present mode of paying the gov- ernmental securities. (11.) The present mode adopted for the payment and speedy collection of the last tax. (12.) The pres- ent mode of taxation, as it operates unequally between the polls and estates, and between landed and mercantile interests. (13.) The present method of practice of the attornies at law. (I'l.) 124 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. The want of a sufficient medium of trade, to remedy the niiscliiefs arising from the scai'city of money. (15.) Tlie General Court sit- ting in the town of Boston. (16.) The present embarrassments on the press. (17.) The neglect of the settlement of important matters depending between the Commonwealth and Congress, re- lating to monies and averages. (18.) Voted, that this conven- tion recommend to the several towns in this county, that they instruct their representatives to use their influence in the next General Court to have emitted a bank of paper money, subject to a depreciation ; ^ making it a tender in all payments, equal to silver and gold, to be issued in order to call in the Common- wealth's securities, (19.) Voted, that whereas several of the above articles of grievances arise from defects in the constitution, therefore a revision of the same ought to take place. (20.) Voted, that it be recommended by this convention to the several towns in this county, that they petition the Governor to call the General Court immediately too;ether, in order that, the other grievances complained of may by the legislature be redressed. (21.) Voted, that this convention recommend it to the inhabit- ants of this county, that they abstain from all mobs and unlaw- ful assemblies until a constitutional method of redress can be ob- tained." ^ Votes were also passed directing the transmission of these proceedings to the county conventions of Worcester and Berkshire, and " to the press in Springfield for publication ; " and also directing the chairman to call another county convention, if he should consider it expedient.^ One week earlier, August 15, 1786, a similar convention met in Worcester, by adjournment from the previous May, which enumerated a similar list of grievances, and further adjourned to the last Tuesday in September. I find no record that Hard wick elected a delegate to this convention ; but it seems evident that one of its members was Major Martin Kinsley, an aid-de-camp of Major-General Warner ; for, at a meeting. May 16, 1787, the town " voted to Mr. Kinsley for his attendance at the county 1 " A more exact idea of this hopeful culatinw medium " having no permanent financial scheme will be found from the value, is almost an hundred years old. action of Conway, which, on the 24th of ^ Whether this recommendation was October, ' instructed its representative in honest or deceptive, it was followed with- the General Court to use his iniluence to in a week by a " mob or unlawful assem- have a bank of paper currency emitted bly" at Northampton, which effectually that should sink one penny a pound per prevented the regular action of the Courts month!'" Hist, of Pittsfield, i. 398. of Common Pleas and Sessions. The plan of paying honest debts by a " cir- ^ Minot's Hist, of Insurrections, pp. 33- 36. CIVIL HISTORY. 125 convention, last fall, tlie sum of £2. 17. 5." Probably this indica- tion of disloyalty to the government induced General Warner to remove him from office,^ and to appoint in his stead Captain Artemas Howe of New Braintree, who was commissioned aid-de- camp August 28, 1786. The change was not made too soon ; for within a few days the General had reed of aids in whose fidelity he could implicitly confide. In anticipation of the out- break at Worcester, he received this official order : — *' Boston, September 2*^, 1786. Sir, I have received information that the Court of Common Pleas and Court of General Sessions of the Peace have, by a large concourse of people, in a i-iotous and tumultuous manner, been prevented from setting at North- ampton, in the county of Hampshire, on the day appointed by law for that purpose. It is possible some people, not considering the great criminality and dangerous consequences of such un- warrantable proceedings, may attempt to prevent the Court setting at Worcester on the fifth instant. It is of the utmost importance that every lawful exertion should be made by every friend to the present Constitution of Government to suppress all such riotous proceedings. You are therefore hereby directed to aid the Sheriff of the county of Worcester, if he should request it, by furnishing him with such a number of the militia belonging to your Division as he may judge sufficient to suppress any such 1 Three months later, Major Kinsley disputation within this county, and as I published an appeal to the public, of have not only «of had the usual formality which it does not appear that General of a court martial, but have eveu been Warner took any notice whatever: — kept in the secret for (I suppose) some " To the impartial public. As it is a mat- months since his son-in-law has been ter of pul)lic notoriety that I have lately conmiissioned, and finally have come to been superseded in the office of aid-de- the knowledge of it only by common re- camp to the lion. General Warner, with- port, L take the liberty in this public out a resignation of my commission on manner to call upon the worthy General, my part, or the usual (and heretofore in- and desire him, or whoever it may con- dispeusable) formality of a Court Martial cern, to inform me and the public with on his ; and as it is now a matter uf pop- regard to the cause or propriety of the ular conversation and public dispute, procedure. I do not wish to trouble the whether or not it is in the power of a public with this appeal to their impar- Major General to remove any officer who tiality on account of any particular fond- has been duly commissioned ; or whether ness I have for holding a commission of every officer, so commissioned, must not the worthy gentleman, or any other au- by the militia law of this Commonwealth, thority ; but because I conceive that any and by the established military custom man, who has been in commission and throughout the civilized world, be offi- will peaceably suffer himself to be kicked cially arrested and formally tried before out, discovers as great a meanness as the a regular court martial, purposely ap- person who attempts to do it. I am with pointed, and properly authorized and em- due respect, &c., M. Kinsley. Hard- powered for that special purpose: I say, wick, Nov. 24, 1786." Worcester Mar^a- as this has got to be a matter of public zine, December, 1787. 126 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. attempt; and from your well known attachment to justice, peace, and good order, I am persuaded you will exert yourself to the utmost to prevent all such riotous proceedings. You have herewith enclosed a copy of the instruction which was sent to. Mr. Sheriff Greenleaf. By his Excellency's command, with the advice and consent of the Council. Major General Warner." ^ The response was prompt and loyal : — " Hardwick, September 3^\ 1786. May it please your Excel- lency. I have this instant had the honor to receive your express, by which I am required to give such aid and assistance to the High Sheriff of the county of Worcester as shall be necessary to suppress any riots, or tumultuous proceedings in the people at the sitting of the Courts to be holden at Worcester on the 5^^ instant. Your Excellency may rest assured that every effort in my power shall on all occasions be exerted for the due regula- tions and support of government ; — particularly on this occasion I shall use all the influence in my power to prevent and suppress any riotous and unwarrantable proceedings in the people ; and I have accordingly issued orders to several of the Colonels within my Division to hold themselves in readiness in case they should be wanted, which is more than probable will be the case, as the people in general are grown veiy clamorous, and have not pa- tience to wait for a regular redress of their real or supposed griev- ances. I am, sir, with all due respect,' your Excellency's most obedient and very humble servant. JONATHAN Waenek. " His Excellency, J. Bowdoin, Esq." ^ This letter was soon followed by another : — " May it please your Excellency. Agreeably to what I wrote you in my last, I exerted myself to have the militia in as good a state of readiness as was possible, for the support of government. But notwithstanding the most pressing orders for them to turn out and to appear at Worcester, equipped as the law directs, there did appear universally that reluctance in the people to turn out for the support of government as amounted in many instances to a flat denial ; in others, in an evasion or delay ,^ which amounted to the same thing ; — that finally the insurrections of the people for the purpose of stopping the Court were not to be resisted by all the efforts of government. This statement of the 1 Mass. Archives, cxc. 228. regiment which included Hardwick, 2 Ibid., cxc. 229. promptly responded to this and subse- ^ Colonel 'I'imothy Paige, Lieutenant quent similar calls ; but probably with a Colonel John Cutler, Major Joseph Jones, very small force of militia, and Adjutant James Lawton, of the CIVIL HISTORY. 127 affair at Worcester, however painful and disagreeable to relate, is the plain truth ; and I can only leave it with the superior wis- dom and discretion of your Excellency and the honorable Council to determine what shall be most expedient to be done at this un- happy crisis. I have the honor to be, with all due respects, your Excellency's most humble servant. " Jonathan Waenee, M. G. " His Excellency James Bowdoin, Esq." ^ The anticipated resistance to legal transactions at Worcester occurred during the first week in September. " The Courts of Common Pleas and General Sessions of the Peace being by law to be holden at Worcester, a body of insurgents to the number of 300 and upwards posted themselves at the Court-house in that place. The judges were admitted to the door, where a line of bayonets prevented their entrance. The chief justice remon- strated with the rioters on the madness of their conduct ; but the court were obliged to retire to an adjacent house, where they opened agreeably to law, and adjourned to the next morning. The violence of the mob, however, soon obliged the Court of Common Pleas to adjourn without day, and the Court of Ses- sions to adjourn to the 21*' of November following." ^ The in- surgents " were under the command of Capt. Adam Wheeler of Hubbardston, though, when charged with being their leader, he disclaimed both the office and the responsibility. His lieutenant was Benjamin Converse ^ of Hardwick. Other principal officers were Capt. Hazeltine of Hardwick, and a Capt. Smith of Shirley. Only 100 of the men were under arms. The remainder carried bludgeons." ^ Benjamin Convers acted not only as lieutenant, but also as adjutant. A demand for adjournment of the Court, signed by him, has been preserved : — " To the Hon'''® Court of Common Pleas and Court of General Sessions of the Peace for the county of Worcester, and to all the Justices of the Peace in said county. The Petition of the Body of People now collected for their own common good and the good of the Commonwealth, to your honors humbly showeth : That we 1 Mass. Arch., cxc. 230. the command of Job Shatttick of Groton ^ Minot's Hist, of Insurrections, i^p. 38, and the afore-mentioned Capt. Smith. 39. ... On the following day . . . they were 2 Benjamin Convers was engaged in a reinforced by a company of ninety men similar affair, a week afterwards, as re- from the counties of Plampsliire and lated in the Hisi. of Western Mass., i. 242 : Worcester, under tlie command of Adam "On the 11th of September a hundred Wheeler and Benjamin Converse." armed men assembled at Concord, under * Hist, of Western Mass., i. 242. 128 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. are informed that the Body of People that were collected on the ground in Worcester j^esterday did by their Committee prefer a petition to your honors, requesting the Coui"t of Common Pleas and Court of General Sessions of the Peace to be adjourned or dissolved, and your honors by your answer to the people then col- lected agreed to adjourn the Court of Common Pleas ; notwith- standing the people from different parts of the said county gen- erally appearing and collected on the ground this day for the purpose aforesaid do not consent to the answer that the said Court have given, therefore by their committee of the body now collected request that your honors do adjourn the Court of Gen- eral Sessions of the Peace. And as in duty bound will ever pray. Worcester, Sept. 6, 1786. The above petition signed in behalf of the Body of People now present, and request answer in 30 minutes from the time of preferring. Signed at the request of committee. Benj?* Convers, Adjutant." ^ The "Body of People," having compelled the courts to adjourn, dispersed at the close of the second day, without committing essen- tial violence to the peaceable citizens of Worcester. Their next riotous assembly in this vicinity was at Springfield on the twenty- sixth day of the same month, when they sncceeded in preventing the regular session of the Superior Court. This was selected by the government, in the subsequent trials, as the first overt act of treason on the part of the insurgents; the forcible interruption of the Courts of Common Pleas and of Sessions being apparently reo-arded as minor offences. As John Wheeler '-^ was convicted of treason on proof of his participation in this affair, I insert an account of it by the historian of the insurrection : — *' It was determined by the insurgents to prevent their doing business at Springfield, if possible ; and the Governor, on the other hand, took measures to obviate their designs. Accordingly he ordered the Court House to be taken into possession by 600 men, under the command of Major General William Shepard. This party were well officered and equipped, and contained the most respectable characters for abilities and interest in the county of Hampshire. On the day of the Court's sitting, the insurgents also appeared, equal if not superior in numbers, but vastly infe- rior in officers and arms. They were headed by one Daniel Shays, who had been a captain in the late continental army, but had re- signed his command for reasons quite problematical. They were 1 Massi Arch., cxc. 236. Hardwick was present does not distinctly ■■^ Whether any other inhabitant of appear. CIVIL HISTORY. 129 highly mcensed at government's taking possession of the Court House previously to their arrival. They sent a request to the Judges, that none of the late rioters should be indicted ; but re- ceived a very firm reply, purporting that the Judges should exe- cute the laws of the country agreeably to their oaths. In the confusion, however, necessarily attending two such large bodies of armed men, who, before they retired, amounted to more than 2,000, the court could transact but little business. On Wednes- day, the panel of jurors not being filled, those jurymen who ap- peared were dismissed. On the next day, which was the third of their sitting, the court adjourned, after resolving that it was not expedient to proceed to the county of Berkshire. The morti- fication which the insurgents suffered from the Court House being preoccupied by the miUtia, led them to several bold measures. At one time they marched down upon the militia with loaded musquets, and every preparation was made for an engagement ; but they were dissuaded from an attack, as it was said, at the instance of their commander." ^ After thus confronting each other for four days, both parties retired, and Springfield once more had rest. About two months later, another struggle was imminent at Worcester. '* Orders were issued to Major General Warner, to call out the militia of his division, and five regiments were di- rected to hold themselves in instant readiness to march. Doubts however arose, how far reliance could be placed on the troops of an infected district. The sheriff reported that a sufficient force could not be collected. The first instructions were therefore countermanded, a plan having been settled to raise an army whose power might effectually crush resistance, and the Judges were advised to adjourn to the 23*^ of January following, when the contemplated arrangements could be matured to terminate the unhappy troubles."^ The following correspondence refers to this transaction : — " Worcester Dec. 1**', 1786. May it please your Excellency. The Insurgents in this county, and a number from the county of Hampshire, under the command of Daniel Shays, not exceeding two hundred and fifty or three hundred men, proceeded on the 29**^ instant ^ as far as Shrewsbury "... most of whom " marched out of Shrewsbury, on their return home. By express ^ Minot's Hist, of Insurrections, pp. 47, ^ The writer uses the word instant twice 48. erroneously. ^ Lincoln's Hist, of Worcester, p. 141. 9 130 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. received this day, I learn that Shays met a reinforcement from the county of Hampshire, and a number from this county, at which time Shays ordered his men to halt ; and I have the great- est reason to believe, by the best intelligence I have been able to obtain, their intention now is, to prevent the setting of the Court of Common Pleas in this town next week. On the 29*^ instant the party from Hampshire marched through Hardwick ; upon ob- serving the movement, I issued orders to the Commanders ^ of the Regiments in the upper part of this county to march, and I proceeded on to this town, in order to obtain intelligence. On the Insurgents proceeding homeward, I issued orders to the militia that had marched, to return home, and hold themselves in readi- ness to march on the shortest notice to Worcester." General Warner adds that he had ordered all the regiments in the county to be ready in like mannei', but expresses grave doubts how many would obey his orders, saying, " I believe not a number sufficient to repel the force of the Insurgents in this county, exclusive of those which will probably collect from the counties of Hamp- shire and Berkshire. If it should be the opinion of your Excel- lency, that the Court of Common Pleas in this county should be protected the week ensuing, I conceive it will be necessary to send on a formidable force from the lower counties, and perhaps some pieces of artillery, as I am credibly informed the Insurgents have obtained some. I shall wait your further commands, which will be executed without delay. In the mean time, I am, with esteem, your Excellency's most obedient and very humble ser- vant, Joisrf Warner, M, G. His Excellency James Bowdoin, Esq. N. B. I forward this by Major Asa Coburn, by express."^ To this report of proceedings, the Governor replied : — " Dec. 3. Sir, You are hereby directed to issue your orders to the militia that you may have ordered to march to the town of Worcester for the support of the Court of Common Pleas and Court of Sessions that are to set there on Tuesday next, not to proceed upon that business, any former orders that you may have received to the contrary notwithstanding. The above orders are given from a suggestion in your letter, that the Court could not be supported without some aid from the counties this way ; how- ever, if, contrary to your expectation, your militia should have turned out in such numbers and with such spirit as fully to con- 1 Colonel Paige and his field officers 2 J/ass. JrcA., clxxxix. 46, 47. responded as before ; but probably with scanty, if any, support. CIVIL HISTORY. 131 vince you that the Coui't can be effectually supported, you will not be influenced by them. By advice of Council. Sir, Your humble servant, J. B. Maj. Gen. Warner." ^ The militia did not turn out in such numbers as to support the Court ; but the insurgents held possession of the Court House and of the town for about a week. On Sunday evening, Decem- ber 3, a party which had quartered at Grafton entered Worces- ter, " under the command of Abraham Gale of Princeton, Adam Wheeler of Hubbardston, Simeon Hazeltine of Hardwick, and John Williams, reported to be a deserter from the British army and once a serjeant of the continental line. They halted before the Court House, and, having obtained the keys, placed a strong guard around the building, and posted sentinels on all the streets and avenues of the town, to prevent surprise. Those who were off duty, rolling themselves in their blankets, rested on their arms on the floor of the court room."^ The Court, being thus ex- cluded from the Court House, was opened in a tavern, and ad- journed to the 23d of Januai-y, as directed by the Governor, The insurgents, however, remained in Worcester through the whole week, suffering much from a severe snow-storm, which com- menced on Monday evening, and were finally dismissed on Satur- day, in the midst of another furious tempest, in which it is said that " some were frozen to death," and many others narrowly es- caped the same fate. Separate companies from the towns of Ward, Holden, Spencer, Rutland, Barre, Hubbardston, Peters- ham, and Belchertown, are mentioned by historians ; and, al- though not specially named, it can scarcely be doubted that sev- eral inhabitants of Hardwick accompanied Captain Hazeltine, who was one of the active leaders. Three weeks later, December 26, the session of the court at Springfield was prevented ; and it was understood that the Court of Common Pleas would not be permitted to hold its adjourned meeting at Worcester on the 23d of January. The government now adopted more vigorous measures to sustain its authorit}^ and organized an army of 4,400 infantry, besides four companies of artillery, all under the command of Major-General Benjamin Lin- coln. On the 4th of January, orders were issued to Major-Gen- eral Warner to detach 1,200 men from the seventh division, and to organize them into two regiments, for this service.^ He re- 1 Jifass. Arch., clxxxix. 5.3. same volume, p. 67, is found " an esti- 2 Lincoln's Hist, of Worcester, p 142. mate of what it may cost to supply 5,000 ' Mass. Arch., clxxxix. 68. In the men, 30 days, with rations : — 132 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. ported that Colonel Timothy Newell had engaged to enlist one of these regiments, with authority to appoint his subordinate oiEcers. Colonel Newell performed his engagement. Lieutenant-Colonel John Cutler, of Colonel Paige's regiment, was his associate : and one company was enlisted in Hardwick and New Braintree, under command of Captain Edward Ruggles of Hardwick. As this company served from January 22 until February 21, and shared the perils and sufferings of that terrible night march from Hadley to Petersham, which Minot styles " one of the most indefatigable marches that ever was performed in America," and which resulted in the utter and final dispersion of the rebel army, I copy the names borne on the Pay Roll, preserved in the "Massachusetts Archives," cxcii. 69 : — Edward Ruggles, Captain. Robert Voax. Sampson Whitherly 1^' Lieut. Zeuas Hanmer. Wyman Hoit, 2*^ Lieut. George Wightington. Jeduthun Spooner, Clerk. Elijah Barns. Samuel Shaw, Serg*. Abner Whipple. Elisha Matthews, do. William Tidd. Joseph Hale, do. Persival Hall. Lemuel French, Fife-major. George Whetherell. John Stevenson, Drummer. Benj" Estabrooks. John Doty (orderly), Corporal. Moses Paige. John Thompson, do. William Davice. James Woods, do. Justice Warner. Daniel Billing, do. Isaac Denny. Stephen Newton, James Weston. Moses Fay. Lemuel Kenedy. Samuel Clark. General Lincoln's force was concentrated at Worcester on the 22d of January, and the court held its session the next day without molestation. " Detachments of insurgents collected at Rutland, New Braintree, Princeton, Sterling, and Sutton, but, mtimidated by the military, hovered at a distance, while the courts proceeded. On the 25"^ of January, General Lincoln has- tened westward for the relief of Shepard, and of the arsenal at Springfield, invested by Shays and Day. Major-General War- " 11 Bread, 2|* £G000, specie : if paid in orders ou col- ip' Rum, IJ lectors will be upwards of £15,000. U'Beef, 5 300 Barrels of Rum, @70'perBl. £1050 gi is nearest to £40 for 1000 750 Barrels of Flour, 1500 men per day, 5000 men, 30 days, is 225,000' Beef, @ S^"* 3124 = 5674." CIVIL HISTORY. 133 iier was left in coinniand at Worcester, witli a regiment of infantry, a corps of artillery, including Capt, Treadwell's com- pany, two field pieces, and a party from the legionary battalion of volunteer cavalry," ^ With this force General Warner pro- tected Worcester, and dispersed large bodies of insurgents at New Braintree, and at the barracks in Rutland. Meanwliile, General Shepard, with about a thousand men, had taken post at Springfield, for the protection of the arsenal. On the 25th of January Shays approached with a still larger force. General Shepard " sent one of his aids with two other gentlemen, several times, to know the intention of the enemy, and to warn them of their danger. The purport of their answer was, that they would have possession of the barracks; and they immediately marched onwards to within 250 yards of the arsenal. A message was again sent to inform them, that the militia were posted there by order of the Governor, and of Congress, and that if they ap- proached nearer they would be fired upon. To this, one of their leaders ^ replied, that that was all they wanted ; and they ad- vanced one hundred yards further. Necessity now compelled General Shepard to fire; but his humanity did not desert him. He ordered the two first shot to be directed over their heads ; this, however, instead of retarding, quickened their approach ; and the artillery was at last pointed at the centre of their col- umn. This measure was not without its effect. A cry of murder arose from the rear of the insurgents, and their whole body was thrown into the utmost confusion. Shays attempted to display his column, but it was in vain. His troops retreated with pre- cipitation to Ludlow, about ten miles from the place of action, leaving three of their men dead, and one wounded on the field." ^ Two days later, General Lincoln arrived at Springfield, and immediately pursued the insurgents, who fled to Pelham, and he took post at Hadley. After vainly attempting to secure a ces- sation of hostilities. Shays withdrew 'from Pelham, and marched to Petersham, on the 3d of February. At eight o'clock in the evening of the same day. General Lincoln commenced that " in- defatigable " march through Shutesbury and New Salem, which 1 Lincoln's Hist, of Worcester, p. 149. orders in the most peremptory manner, ^_This " leader" was John Wheeler, of and made answer that that was all he Hardwick. In a letter from General wanted." Independent Chronicle, Febrii- Shepard to Governor Bowdoin, January ary 1, 1787. 26, 1787, he says, " A Mr. Wheeler, who ^ Minot's History of Insurrections, pp. appeared to be one of Shays' Aids, met 110, 111. Mr. Lyman, after he had delivered my 134 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. he described in bis report dated at Petersham, February 4 : — "We arrived here about nine o'clock, exceedingly fatigued by a march of thirty miles, part of it in a deep snow, and in a most violent storm. When this abated the cold increased, and a great part of our men were frozen in some part or other ; but I hope none of them dangerously so, and that most of them will be able again to march in a short time." ^ The surprise was complete. The insurgents fled, without attempting any defence, some to their homes, and others through Athol, beyond the limits of the State. This was a crushing blow to the insurrection. Al- though a guerilla contest was carried on a few months longer in the western counties, no large number was ever again gath- ered in opposition to the government. The immediate effect was described by General Warner in a report to the Governor : " Worcester, Feb. 10*^ 1787. His Excellency J. Bowdoin, Esq. Sir, General Lincoln, on his leaving this count}^ left under ray command the troops which were raised in my Division, with a request that I would discharge them as speedily as might be consistent with safety. I have hitherto conceived it expedient to keep the greater part of them in service, as many of the in- surgents in this county retain an unsubdued and uncurbed spirit of rebellion and insolence. There has not, indeed, of late been any large collection of insurgents within this county ; but small numbers have been collecting in diverse parts of the county, to the annoyance and terror of the friends to order and regularity. Thoroughly to subdue this spirit appeal's to me to be of the highest importance. For this purpose I have kept detachments in such parts of the county as I have conceived would best tend to the accomplishment of the design. Numbers have been cap- tured ; numbers have voluntarily submitted, and thrown them- selves on the mercy of government ; and numbers there are, which still remain to be reclaimed. I have, in my proceedings with them, endeavored to conform to the proposals offered by Major General Lincoln, and approved of by the General Court, not having received any particular directions upon the subject. ... I have the honor to be, with the highest esteem, your Ex- cellency's most obedient humble servant, JoN^ Waener, M. G." " It remained for the government to disperse the predatory bands which still infested various parts of the country, and to deal 1 Independent Chronicle, February 8, - Mass. Arch., cxc. 366. 1787. CIVIL HISTORY. 135 judiciously with the conquered insurgents. The first was accom- plished with comparative ease, by means of an overpowering military force, but what disposition to make of the offenders was a problem difficult of solution. A previous offer of amnesty to non-commissioned officers and privates, who would lay down their arms and take the oath of allegiance, had been generally disregarded ; but it was now renewed to such as would submit on or before the 21st day of March, and was accepted by large numbers, among whom were at least sixty inhabitants of Hard- wick: — David El well, Frederick Wicker, Gideon Carpenter, Lemuel Willis, Ezra Winslow (" neither of the above three persons used any arms against the government, as the}' affirm "), David Pratt, Symonds Whipple, Samuel Sibley, Samuel Clifford, Thomas Elwell, James Paige, Jr. (p. 125) ; Ephraim Tucker, James Robinson, Adonijah Dennis, Samuel Dennis, Constant Mirick, James Pearce, Nathaniel Gleason, Silas Newton, Calvin Oakes, Isaac Robinson, Eleazar Dexter, John Dexter (" these took and subscribed the oath of allegiance before the Act of the General Court was received," p. 126) ; Nathaniel Haskell, Sam- uel Hopkins, Joseph Robinson, Job Dexter, Gideon Brimhall, Timothy Newton, George Haskell, Abner Weston, Ebenezer Childs, Eli Freeman, Robert Prout, Zephaniah Spooner, Israel Roach, Thomas Clark, Benjamin Carpenter, James Rogers, ^ Samuel Haskins, Jr., Aaron Johnson (sworn " on or before the 21^ day of March, A. D. 1787," p. 130) ; William Smith, Thomas Reed Smith (March 23, 1787, p. 161) ; Arthur Rawson Q' physitian, declares he never took up arms against government, only acted as physitian ") ; Benony Shurtleff, Ebenezer Law- rence (" declare they never took up arms, but were only in some degree aiding and assisting," March 25,1787; p. 169); Jona- than Parkhurst, David Whipple, David Warren, Caleb Bryant, Experience Luce, John Gorham, Stephen Gorham, Joseph Gor- ham, Barzillia Flagg, James Wing, Ichabod Dexter (September 10, 1787, p. 209) ; Seth Taylor, John Harris, Nathan Wheeler (September 29, 1787, p. 216). i Several others in Hardwick, who had not taken up arms, were politicall}^ involved in this insurrectionary movement.^ The Sheriff of Worcester County, in a letter to the Governor, says : " I take leave to transmit the names of a number of their princi- pal leaders and commanders ; their names are as folio weth, viz., 1 Mass. Arch., cxc. 125-216. to county conventions, have already been 2 Martin Kinsley, and other delegates mentioned. 136 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. Adam Wheeler, Hubbardston, Benjamin Convers, Ichabod Dex- ter,^ Samuel Dexter, Simeon Hayselton, and Seth Taylor, all of PTardwick, Oliver Watson, Spencer, Abraham Gale, Henrj^ Gale, Norman Clark, all of Princeton, Abraham Holman of Temploton, all in the County of Worcester." ^ And on the 19th of January, 1787, the Governor issued liis warrant for the arrest of sundry persons in Worcester County, " deeming the safety of the Com- monwealth to be inconsistent with their personal liberty ; " among these were Benjamin Convers and Captain Simeon Hazel- tine. The sheriff made return that he had arrested some of the persons named, adding that the said Convers and Hazeltine " are not to be found within my jurisdiction." ^ They and some others had been so actively and prominently engaged under arms, that they were not entitled to the amnesty offered, and dared not take the hazard of a trial for treason. A more sad fate was reserved for one of the Hardwick insur- gents. John Wheeler, a Revolutionary soldier, who enlisted under Captain Daniel Shays, in 1778, serving as sergeant, and afterwards as quartermaster sergeant, was lieutenant of Captain Edward Ruggles' company at the outbreak of the insurrection. He attached himself to his former leader, and became his aide-de- camp. He was described to me by his contemporaries, many years ago, as a skilful, brave, and energetic officer, — much supe- rior to his chief. He shared the excitements and perils of the contest until early in February, 1787, when he was taken pris- oner.* The papers, descriptive of his trial, conviction, sentence, and pardon, are preserved, and are here inserted : — " Hampshire ss. At the Supreme Judicial Court, begun and holden at Northampton, within and for the county of Hampshire, 1 Ichabod Dexter and Seth Taylor had, the Hon. General Lincoln, dated the ISth perhaps, boruo arms ; they are included instant. He was then with his troops at amonj,^ those who were required to take Pittsfield, in the county of Berkshire, the oath of allegiance. His Excellency has also received a letter, 2 Mass. Arch., cxc. 235. dated the 12th, from General Siiepard, 8 Ibid., clxxxix. 75. I have not ascer- who, with a detachment of the army, by tained where Mr. Convers found refuge, another route, was then marching into Captain Hazeltine fled to Vermont; re- the same county. Several of the rebels, sided at Sandgate, and represented that and some suspected of being their abet- town, 1794, in the General Assembly, tors, have been apprehended; the most Several others, not here named, are noted are John Wheeler, late one of known to have absconded at about the Shays's Aids, and Matthew Clarke, said same time, and for a similar reason. to have been busy in organizing the rebel * " Last Thursday evening, His Excel- militia," &c. Independent Chronicle, Feb- lency the Governor received a letter from ruary 22, 1787. CIVIL HISTORY. ^ 137 on the ninth day of April, in the year of our Lord seventeen hun- dred and eighty-seven, by adjournment to that time from the first Tuesday of the same, by Writ in virtue of an Act of the General Court, made and passed in February hist past. The Jurors of tlie Commonwealth of JNIassachusetts upon their oath present that John Wheeler of Ilardwick in the county of Worcester, gentleman, and Henry jNlcCullock of Pelham in the county of Hampshire, gentleman, together witli others named in the indict- ment, being members and subjects of the said Commonwealth, and owing allegiance to the same, not having the fear of God in their hearts, nor having any regard to the duty of their allegiance, but being moved and seduced by a lawless and rebellious spirit, and withdrawing from the said Commonwealth the cordial love and due obedience, fidelity, and allegiance, which every member of the same Commonwealth of right ought to bear to it, and also most wickedly and traitorously devising and conspiring to levy war against this Commonwealth, and thei-eby most wickedly and traitorously intending, as much as in them lay, to change and subvert the rule and government of this Commonwealth, duly and happily established under the good people the inhabitants and members of the same, according to the constitution and form of government of the same, and to reduce them to anarchy, con- fusion, and lawless power, upon the twenty-sixth day of Septem- ber in the year of our Lord seventeen hundred and eighty-six, and on divers days and times, as well before that time as since, at Springfield within the county of Hampshire aforesaid, with a great number of rebels and traitors against the Commonwealth aforesaid, viz. the number of one thousand whose names are yet unknown to the jurors aforesaid, being armed and arrayed in a warlike and hostile manner, viz. with drums beating, fifes play- ing, and with guns, pistols, bayonets, swords, clubs, and divers other weapons, as well offensive as defensive, with force and arms did falsely and traitorously assemble and join themselves against this Commonwealth and the law and government of the same, as established by the constitution and form of government of the same, and then and there, with force and arms as aforesaid, did falsely and traitorously array and dispose themselves against the Commonwealth aforesaid and the due administration of justice in the same according to the law and authority of the same, and then and there with force and arms as aforesaid, in pursuance of such their wicked and traitorous purposes aforesaid, did falsely and traitorously prepare, order, wage, and levy, a public and cruel 138 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. war against the Commonwealth aforesaid, and then and there with force and arms as aforesaid, wickedly and traitorously did assault, imprison, captivate, plunder, destroy, kill, and murder, divers of the liege subjects of the said Commonwealth in the peace of the said Commonwealth being, and lawfully and in the duty of their allegiance to the said Commonwealth defending the same from the traitorous attacks as aforesaid, all which is against the duty of their allegiance and the law of the Common- wealth aforesaid in such case made and provided and the dignity of the same. " A true Bill. Seth Murray, Foreman. R. T. Paine, Att^ for Repub. " Hampshire ss. April Term at Northampton, 1787. The said John Wheeler and Henry McCuUock are arraigned at the bar, and have this indictment read to them, and they severally say that thereof they are not guilty, and thereof for trial put themselves on God and the country. John Tucker, Clerk. " And now in this present term, before the Court here come the said John Wheeler and Henry McCullock, under custody of the Sheriff of said County, and being set to the bar here in their proper persons, and forthwith being demanded concerning the premises in the indictment above specified and charged upon them, how they will acquit themselves thereof, they severally say that thereof they are not guilty, and thereof for trial severally put themselves on God and the country (Simeon Strong and Caleb Strong Esquires, having been assigned by the Court as counsel for the prisoners) : a jur^^ is immediately impanelled, viz., Wil- liam Stebbins, Foreman, and Fellows, namely, Amos Baldwin, Jonathan Parsons, Gideon Searl, Phineas Chapin, Jr., Jonathan Clark, Daniel Fowler, Aaron Fisher, Simeon Chapin, Joshua Phil- lips, Martin Clark, and Moses Kellogg, who, being sworn to speak the truth of and concerning the premises, upon their oath say that the said John Wheeler is guilty, and that the said Henry McCullock is guilty. And now the Attorney General moves that sentence of death might be given against the said John Wheeler and Henry McCullock, the prisoners at the bar ; upon which it is demanded of them the said John Wheeler and Henry McCul- lock if they have or know aught to say wherefore the Justices here ought not, upon the premises and verdict aforesaid, to pro- ceed to judgment against them, who nothing further say unless as they before had said. Whereupon, all and singular the prem- ises being seen and by the said Justices here fully understood, it CIVIL HISTORY. 139 is considered by the Court here, that the said John Wheeler be taken to the goal of the Commonwealth from whence he came, and from thence to the place of execution, and there be hanged by the neck until he be dead : — that the said Henry McCullock be taken to the goal of the Commonwealth from whence he came, and from thence to the place of execution, and there be hanged by the neck until he be dead. A true copy of Record. "Att. Jn? Tucker, Clerk." i There were manifestly extenuating circumstances in favor of ]\Ir. Wheeler, for within a few days a full and free pardon was granted to him, and to three others who were convicted at the same term of the Court : ^ — " Commonwealth of Massachusetts. To the Sheriffs of our sev- eral Counties, and all others our loving and faithful subjects, to whom these presents shall come. Greeting. " Whereas, John Wheeler of Hardwick, in the county of Worcester, gentleman ; Daniel Luddington, of South Hampton, in the county of Hampshire, yeoman ; James White, of Colerain, in the same county, yeoman ; and Alpheus Colton, of Long- meadow, in the same county, laborer ; were, at our Supreme Ju- dicial Court, began and holden at Northampton within and for the county of Hampshire on the ninth day of April, in the year of our Lord seventeen hundred and eighty -seven, by adjournment to that time from the first Tuesday of the same April, in virtue of an Act of the General Court made in February last past, con- victed of Treason : — Whereupon the said John Wheeler, Daniel Luddington, James White, and Alpheus Colton, were by the Jus- tices of our said Supreme Judicial Court adjudged to suffer the pains of death, as by tlie records of the said Supreme Judicial Court manifestly appears ; — and whereas the said John Wheeler, Daniel Luddington, James White, and Alpheus Colton have hum- bly supplicated our grace and favor for remittance of the said sentence : — " We, therefore, by and with the advice of the Council, of our special grace do hereby remit to the said John Wheeler, Daniel Luddington, James White, and Alpheus Colton, a full, free, and ample pardon of all the pains and penalties they were liable to suffer and undergo by virtue of the sentence and judgment afore- said ; of which the Sheriff of our said county of Hampshire is in an especial manner to take notice. 1 Mass. Arch., clxxxix. 262-264. one in Worcester, and one in Middlesex ; 2 Fourteen persons in all wer ■ convict- but, at length, all were pardoned, ed : six in Berkshire, six in Hampshire, 140 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. " In testimony whereof we have caused our public seal to be hereunto affixed. Witness, James Bowdoin, Esq., our Gov- ernor and Commander-in-chief, at Boston, this thirtieth day of April in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven, and in the eleventh year of the Independence of the United States of America. By his Excellency's command, with the advice and consent of the Council." ^ So " full, free, and ample " was this " pardon," that Mr. Wheeler was not degraded from the office of lieutenant which he had held for three years ; and on the first day of September, 1789, he was commissioned by Governor Hancock as captain of the same company, and remained in office until the 8th of June, 1794, when he died at the early age of 37 years. The govern- ment exercised similar forbearance and clemency in regard to Cap- tain James Paige, Jr., who was so far involved in the insurrection- ary movement as to be required to take the oath of allegiance, yet was permitted to retain his military position, and was pro- moted to the office of major, receiving his commission 19 De- cember, 1791. Indeed, a strong sympathy with this movement pervaded not only the community but the government itself. A large proportion of the representatives approved it, and resisted active measures for its suppression. In the spring of 1787, its friends and supporters obtained a substantial victory in the Com- monwealth, by the defeat of Governor Bowdoin, and the election of Governor Hancock, with a still larger proportion of the repre- sentatives. The authority of the government was nominally maintained ; but its administration was rendered difficult by this disturbing element. The same spirit was visible in the conven- tion called in 1788 to consider the pi-oposed Constitution of the United States, and nearly prevented its adoption on the ground that it granted too much power to the general government. So powerful and so persistent was the opposition, that even with the hope of certain amendments to render it less objectionable, ap- proval of the Constitution was secured by the meagre majority of nineteen, there being, on the final question, 187 yeas and 168 nays.2 Both before and after the collapse of the insurrection, a major- ity of the voters in Hardwick seem to have sjniipathized with it. They were officially represented in the county conventions, many 1 Mass. Arch., clxxxix. 265. shire, 19 yeas, 33 nays; in Beiksliire, 7 ~ This opposition was especially mani- yeas, 15 nays. Among the nays appears fest in the western counties : there were the name of Martin Kinsley, the delegate in Worcester, 7 yeas, 43 nays ; in Hamp- from Hardwick. CIVIL HISTORY. 141 of them took up arms, and their votes in town-meeting indicite their political preferences. Under a warrant for a meeting, Jan- uary 8, 1787, " to take into consideration a petition from a num- ber of the inhabitants of the town of Hardwick, praying that Capt. Shattuck and others lately imprisoned at Boston may be liberated, and that the Courts of Common Pleas and General Sessions may be suspended till a new election, and sundry other articles, and for the town to act thereon as they shall think proper," it was "voted to choose a committee to petition the General Court for the purpose expressed in the warrant, &c., and made choice of Major Kinsley, John Raymond, Ichabod Dexter, Capt. Uazeltine, and Doctor Rawson, for said committee, and they to make report at the adjournment of this meeting."' At the adjourned meeting, January 29th, " the petition that the aforesaid committee had prepared was publicly read before the town and accepted. Voted that the petition be signed by the Town Clerk as the doings of the town. Voted to choose a com- mittee to repair to General Lincoln's and Shays' army, in order to accommodate matters, if possible to prevent the shedding of blood ; and chose Capt. [Daniel] Wheeler and Capt. [Daniel] Egery." At the annual meeting, March 5, 1787, the same spirit was in the ascendant. The record is characteristic of the eccen- tric town clerk ; but there is no reason to doubt its literal truth- fulness : "• The town met and proceeded as follows : (1.) Chose Gen. Jonathan Warner, Moderator ; and then, after quarrelling the remainder of the day, voted to adjourn the meeting to Mon- day the 2'^ day of April next, at nine o'clock in the morning. Met accordingly and proceeded as follows : chose Sylvanus Wash- barn, Town Clerk ; Major Martin Kinsley, Town Treasurer ; Capt. Daniel Egery, Capt. Seth Peirce, Seth Johnson, Deac. Na- thaniel Paige, and Daniel Billing, Selectmen ; Sylvanus Wash- burn, Daniel Ruggles, and David Allen, assessors." The personal popularity of General Warner secured his election as moderator ; notwithstanding his active support of the government ; but INIajor Kinsley, whose sympathy and influence were manifestly on the other side, was elected treasurer in place of Colonel Paige, whose loyalty was never doubted. An entire change was made in the board of selectmen ; the lo3'al incumbents were superseded by new men, all of whom, except, perhaps, Mr. Billings, were of different politics. And in the next month Major Kinsley was elected representative. In Hardwick, as elsewhere, there were doubtless some dema- 142 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. gogues and political agitatoi-s, who took advantage of the general distress for selfish and sinister purposes ; but most of this class soon left town. Of those who remained, the larger portion were, probably, as excusable in their resistance to the government now as they formerly were in resisting the authority of Great Britain. Goaded to desperation by the pressure of financial obligations which they could not cancel, they sought relief by the means which had previously been so effectual, namely, County Conven- tions, the obstruction of the Courts of Law, and at last an appeal to Arms. They made a sad mistake, not properly distinguishing between laws arbitrarily imposed on them by a foreign power, and laws enacted by their own representatives, and subject to amendment or repeal by the same authority. In subsequent years, they were peaceable, law-abiding citizens, trusted and hon- ored by their townsmen, and steadfast upholders of government; yet, almost without exception, they maintained through life the political theory that the government should be clothed with no more power than is indispensable to its existence. The proper " conclusion of the whole matter " seems to be this : Their financial distress furnished an excuse, approximating justification, to the insurgents. On the other hand, those who held fast their integrity in the midst of such wide-spread calam- ity, and supported the government in its terrible struggle to main- tain the supremacy of law, deserve the highest honor for their loyalty and true patriotism. CHAPTER X. CIVIL HISTORY. Boundaries. — Additions and Diminutions of Territory. — Incorporation of New Braintree, and of Dana. — Annexation of the Gore, now included in Gilhertville. — Four Bridges across Ware River. — Roads, hilly and difficult of Construction. — Sixth Massachusetts Turnpike. — Ware River Railroad. — Massachusetts Central Railroad. — Pounds. — Paupers. — Town Farm. — Proposal to maintain State Paupers. — Slavery. — Town House. — Bell. — Burial Places. — Epitaphs. Boundaries. — It has already been mentioned^ that the sur- veyor, in delineating the township, inadvertently included at the northeast corner four hundred acres ^ belonging to the " Braintree six thousand acres," and three hundred acres at the southwest corner, being a part of the " Equivalent Lands," which had been purchased by John Read, Esq. ; in consideration of which, the General Court, in 1733, granted to the proprietors the tract of land between Ware River and the " Six Thousand Acres," which now constitutes about one half of New Braintree. This grant, however, was only of temporary value. The inhabitants of that tract soon became weary of climbing the long hill to attend pub- lic worship and transact town affairs, and for this and probably other reasons, desired a separation. After some unsuccessful efforts their object was accomplished January 31, 1751, when that part of Plardwick which was east of the river, together with the *' Six Thousand Acres " and a part of Brookfield, was incor- porated as a separate district, which subsequently became a town, by the name of New Braintree. Half a century later, the town was again curtailed in its dimen- sions. The movement commenced as early as August 25, 1788, when the town "Voted, that they have not any objection to the prayer of a petition being granted, which was presented to the General Court of this Commonwealth, at their last session, by a 1 Chapter iii., June, 1733. June 10, 1814. Mass. Special Laws, v. ^ This tract was annexed to Ilardwick 10. 144 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. number of inhabitants in the northwesterly part of this town, praying to be incorporated, with a part of Petersham and Green- wich, into a distinct town by the name of Tolland." This peti- tion was not granted ; but on the eighteenth day of February, 1801, substantially the same territory was incorporated into a town by the name of Dana.^ A small gore of unincorporated land was annexed to Hard- wick, February 7, 1831, described as follows : " Beginning at the northwest corner of said Hardwick, and running N. 70° E., 5 rods, to the southerly corner of Petersham; thence S. 41i° E., 184 rods, on the line of Petersham, to the southeast corner thereof ; and thence N. 37i° W., 186 rods, on the line of Hardwick, to the bound first mentioned." ^ This gore was included in the large tract of land annexed to Dana, February 4, 1842, and described as follows: ""Beginning at the southwest corner of Silas N. Johnson's land, on the line of said Hardwick and Dana ; thence running S. 49° E., 204 rods, to the corner of Stephen Hillman's land; thence N. 31^° E., 543 rods, to Barre, Hardwick, and Petersham corner," ^ together with a part of Petersham. The portion of Hardwick thus annexed to Dana was estimated to be one seventy-fifth part of the whole town. « Many years ago, as indicated on the Ruggles map, several acres of land, measuring nearly seven-eighths of a mile in length, and about a quarter of a mile in width, were set off from Hard- wick and annexed to Greenwich. More important than any other, indeed more important than all others, was the last addition to the territory of Hardwick. On the east side of Ware River, between the towns of Hardwick, New Braintree, and Wai'e, was a tract of unincorporated land, called " Hardwick Gore." Though separated from Hardwick by the river, in many respects its inhabitants were more closely connected with this town than with the others ; they voted here for state officers, their state tax was assessed here, and here they buried their dead. Attempts were made, from time to time, for the annexation of this Gore to the town. As early as March 2, 1807, the town " voted to postpone the taking of a vote upon the petition of the people in the Gore, so called, and choose a committee of three to see upon what terms the petitioners are willing to be annexed to the town of Hardwick." The desired 1 Mass. Special Laws, ii. 416. 3 Ibid., viii._239.J 2 Ibid., vii. 26. CIVIL HISTORY. 145 object was not accomplished until a quarter of a century later, when the General Court enacted, February 6, 1833, " that the gore of land lying at the southeasterly part of the town of Ilard- wick, and adjoining said town, called Hardwick Gore, containing about two hundred acres, and described as follows : beginning at a monument in the pond above Anderson's mill, at a phice where the westerly line of New Bi'aintree leaves Ware River, thence on the said westerly line of New Braintree, south, fourteen de- grees east, one hundred and twenty-two rods, to a stone monu- ment : tiience south, thirty-seven degrees west, two hundred and eighty-nine rods, to another stone monument, at the southwest corner of New Braintree and northeast corner of Ware ; thence north, eighty-seven degrees west, thirty-six rods, to said Ware River; thence on the said River, northerly, four hundred and twenty-one rods, to the southeast corner of Hardwick; thence sixt3^-one rods, to the place of beginning, — together with the inliabitants thereof, be and the same is hereby annexed to the town of Hardwick, in the county of Worcester; and said inhabit- ants shall be liable to the same duties and entitled to the same privileges as the other inhabitants of the same town." ^ On this annexed territory, within the last twent}'^ years, has grown up the larger part of the village of Gilbertville, now con- taining about half of the population of the whole town, and furnishing a convenient market for agricultural products. The annexation involved large disbursements by the town for schools, and for the construction of roads and a very expensive bridge ; but the advantages derived from the increased value of taxable property, and the incidental stimulus given to farming and other industrial pursuits, appear to be fully equivalent to the outlay. The " George H. Gilbert Manufacturing Company " deserve high praise, not only for erecting one of the most beautiful meet- ing-houses in the Commonwealth, but also for the extraordinarily neat and substantial character of their tenements, and generally for tlieir well-directed and constant efforts to beautify the village, and to make it a pleasant home for those whom they employ. Roads and Bridges. One of the earliest tasks to be per- formed by pioneers is the construction of roads and bridges. This task in Hardwick was one of more than ordinary difiicultj^ The largest and most expensive bridges were those across Ware River ; of which the earliest was that near the Old Furnace. 1 Mass. Special Laws, vii. 291. 10 146 HISTORY OF IIARDWICK. At a meeting of the proprietors, October 30, 1733, it was ordered that a committee should allot certain lands on the east side of the river, and " agree with the settlers for a price for the same ; the produce of which to be laid out to build a good Cart Bridge over Ware River aforesaid against the highway lately laid out towards Brookfield ; and the said committee to agree with per- sons to build the bridge, and take care that it be effected." This bridge has been several times renewed, and is a very important avenue. The present iron structure was erected in 1875. The " highway lately laid out towards Brookfield " was the road which, turning to the right, about a quarter of a mile east of the bridge, runs southeast to Ditch Meadow in New Braintree. It is re- ferred to in the laying out of a highway, August 3, 1747, " from Eleazar Warner's,^ through land of William Ayers and Josiah Barrett, to the road from Ditch Meadow to the Great Bridge, across the bridge, along the dug-way, across Moose Brook, in front of Nathan Carpenter's door, up the hill to land of Caleb Benjamin, through land of Zechariah Haskell, John Cooper, and John Roberts, to the highway ^ from Cornelius Cannon's to the Great Meadow Brook east of Joseph Ruggles's house." Another bridge is here indicated. Cornelius Cannon resided on the east side of the river, opposite to the late residence of Mr. Reed S. Ruggles, marked "A. Rich" on the R. map. The town voted. May 14, 1744, " to build a horse-bridge over the River, near Cannon's." In my boyhood, vestiges of this bridge, and of a roadway leading to it, were visible ; but the bridge itself had dis- appeared. A wooden structure was placed here in 1845, which was succeeded by the present substantial iron bridge in 1857. Another bridge was early erected about half a mile above the crossing at Gilbertville. A reference to it is found under date of March 4, 17G5, when the town " voted to Mr. Isaac Thomas the sum of X26. 13. 4., said Thomas having engaged to build a sufficient bridge over Ware River, near his iron-works, at the most convenient place, and to the acceptance of the town, and to be completed at or before the first day of September next." The 1 Eleazar Warner resided abuut a mile the Common to Gilbertville, a few rods east of the river, at the jimction of the east of the present residence of Captain roads leading to Rutland and to the Orin Trow. meeting-house in New Brainti-ee. The ^ fhis highway passed up the hill to highway described had for several years the house of Mr. George Warner, marked previously been a "country road," and "Mr. Bolster " on the R. map, and thence was that which afterwards became a northerly to its junction with what after- turnpike through the Furnace Village to wards became the turnpike, near Great its junction with the easterly road from Meadow Brook. CIVIL HISTORY. 147 form of tills vote indicates tliat no bridge had been previously erected at that place. Mr. Thomas did not fulfil his contract, but sold his "iron-works'' to Abraham Savage and Joseph Blake. The town, May 19, 176G, " voted to Mr. Savage and IMr. Blake X40. 0. 0., to enable them to build a bridge over Ware River near their works, ... to be completed at or before the first day of November next." The treasurer's account for the same year exhibits a payment "to Lot Whitcomb, for build- ing the bridge over Ware River, at Messrs. Savage and Blake's works, £40. 0. 0." This bridge was rebuilt in 1814, and prob- ably again rebuilt at a later date. The bridge in Gilbertville was erected in 1871. It took the place of an ordinary structure, built a few years earlier, and was much more expensive than either of those before mentioned ; but it was so thoroughly and firmly constructed that it may be ex- pected to resist all the ordinary processes of decay and destruc- tion for many years. The construction and maintenance of highways in this town in- volved great expense from the beginning. Twenty years after the settlement commenced, it was represented in a petition to the General Court, heretofore quoted, that the inhabitants are " obliged to expend yearly large sums in making and repairing their highways, and even this year [1754] are at the expense of a hundred pounds, lawful money, for that purpose ; and must be at the expense of some thousands of pounds upon their roads be- fore they will be brought to be as good as most of the roads in the province are by nature." Not only was almost the whole township covered with a heavy growth of timber, but the surface of the ground was very uneven and hilly, thickly sprinkled with rocks and ledges. The hills and valleys run chiefly in a north- erly and southerly direction ; and the highways running across them from east to west are far from level. Between the Com- mon and Muddy Brook, on the roads leading to Enfield and Greenwich, and on the old road to Greenwich Village, the hills are both long and steep. The old road from Mandell Hill to Ware River is yet visible, and affords a specimen of the difficul- ties originally encountered. Indeed a portion of it, near the Old Furnace, still open but disused, was said by teamsters, half a cen- tury ago, to be more difficult of ascent than any other hill be- tween that point and Boston. This difficulty is now^ avoided by a comparatively new road, which, by a long detour to the north, as- 148 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. cends the hill more gradually. Relief has been obtained also on the old road (or turnpike) to Greenwich Village, by opening a new highway between Muddy Brook and the Common, which both diminishes the steepness of the ascent and shortens the dis- tance. But notwithstanding these and other similar changes, the Hardwick roads generall}^ remain hilly, and their maintenance re- quires much care and expense ; and yet it should be said that in few if any towns, at the same distance from Boston, ai'e the roads kept in so good condition. For moi'e than a century a " highway tax " was annually assessed, which was " worked out " by the in- habitants and their teams, under the direction of "• Survej'ors of Highways ; " but recently all the roads are placed under tlie su- pervision of a single person, who employs all necessary assistance. Thus far, the new system has given general satisfaction. Shortly before the commencement of the present century, an effort was made to improve the great thoroughfares of public travel by the construction of turnpikes. The " First Massachu- setts Turnpike," in the towns of Palmer and Western (now War- ren), was chartered by the General Court, June 11, 1796, on petition of the veteran stage-driver Levi Pease and others. So popular did this movement speedily become, that at the end of nine years (June 15, 1805) there were sixty similar corporations in this Commonwealth. The corporators were required to con- struct and maintain good roads for the convenience and advan- tage of the public, and were empowered to erect gates thereon, and to receive toll from all who passed through them with vehi- cle or beast, for their individual emolument.^ Among the earliest was the " Sixth Massachusetts Turnpike," which passed through Hardwick. The indications are unmistakable that General War- ner ^ was the leading spirit in this enterprise ; and sixteen of the twenty-nine petitioners for the charter were Hardwick men. The petition so vividly describes the condition of the roads at that period that I insert it in full : — " To the Honorable the Senate and the Honorable House of Representatives in General Court assembled, May, 1798.^ The 1 The experiment proved to be more ^ Although his name is the seventeenth profitable to the public than to the corpo- on the petition, yet iu the Court llecords rators ; and before the introduction of rail- it is styled " the petition of Jonathan roads, almost all the turnpikes in the Warner and others :" he is the first per- Commonwealth were surrendered to the son named in the charter, and was the towns wherein they were located, and be- first president of the corporation. came public hi;^'hways, by permission of ^ Probably the petition was prepared the General Court. too late for presentation at the summer CIVIL HISTORY. 149 subscribers, inhabitants of the counties of Hampshire, Worcester, Middlesex, &c., humbly shew, that the road leading from Hadley, through Amherst, Pelham, Greenwich, Hardwick, New Braintree, Oakham, Rutland, Holden, and Worcester, to the great road in Shrewsbury, which leads from New York to Boston, are at pres- ent very bad, and almost impassable for carriages, not from the negligence and inattention of the said towns through which tliey pass, but from the roughness of the country which is in many places uneven, hilly, and very rocky, and that they can never be properly repaired by the aforesaid towns without distressing them with a very great and unreasonable bui'den ; ^ but tluit with suf- ficient labor and expense they are capable of being very much im- proved ; and that as the route from Albany to Boston is in a di- rect line through the aforesaid towns, by a proper improvement the travelling to the western part of the County [country ?] may be greatly facilitated, and the distance very considerably curtailed. Your petitioners, therefore, from the fullest conviction of the im- portance of the measure to the trade and agriculture of the County [country ?] pray that your Honors would grant to the sub- scribers and such as may associate with them an Act of Incorpo- ration, empowering them to make a good Turnpike Road from the town of Hadley in the county of Hampshire to the town of Shrewsbury in the county of Worcester, tln-ougb the aforesaid towns, with all such powers, rights, privileges, and tolls, as the subject matter and the situation of the County [country ?] may render necessary. And as in duty bound will ever pray ,2 Fran- cis Blake, Moses White, Richard Kelly, Joseph Chaddock, Jesse Allen, Artemas Howe, Roger West, Robert T. Field, Moses Man- dell,* James Paige, 2d,* Jason Mixter,* Samuel Beals,* Jonathan Warner, 2d,* Timothy Paige,* James Lawton,* Nathaniel Whit- comb, Jonathan Warner,* Stephen Rice,* Nehemiah Hinds, John Rinker,3 Lemuel Willis,* Seth Hinkley,* William Cutler,* Seth Peirce,* Jonathan Danforth,* Abner Conant,* Joel Marsh,* Thomas Powers, Zebina Montague." On this petition an order of notice was issued February 25, 1799, returnable at " the first session of the next General Court." ^ The charter was granted session of the General Court, as no action ought to be required of the inhabitants of was had on it until the following winter, said towns." Mass. Special Laws, ii. ^ The preamble to the charter also sets 327. forth that the present highway " is rocky 2 -phe names marked with a star (*) iu- and mountainous, and the expense of dicate inhabitants of Hardwick. making and maintaining the same, so that ^ Thia name is spelled Rankiu in the it may be convenient for horses and car- charter, riages, is much greater than reasonably * Mass. Spy, April 3, 1799. 150 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. June 22, 1799, omitting the names of some of the petitioners and containing several additional names. The provisions of this char- ter may be interesting to the younger portion of the present gener- ation, who do not remember the period of turnpikes. Among other things, and principally, the corporators were authorized to construct " a turnpike road from the east line of Amherst ... to the great road in Shrewsbury, . . . which road or turnpike shall not be less than four rods wide, and the path for travelling not less than eighteen feet wide in any place ; . . . the said corpora- tion may and shall be authorized to erect five turnpike gates ^ on the same, . . . and shall be entitled to receive of each traveller or passenger, at each of said gates, the following rate of toll, viz., for every coach, phaeton, chariot, or other four wheel carriage, drawn by two horses, twenty-five cents, and if drawn by more than two horses, an additional sum of four cents for each horse ; for every cart or waggon, drawn by two oxen or horses, twelve and a half cents, and if drawn by more thaii two oxen or horses, an additional sum of three cents for each horse or ox ; for every curricle, sixteen cents ; for every chaise, chair, or other carriage, drawn by one horse, twelve and a half cents ; for every man and horse, five cents ; for every sled or sleigh, drawn by two oxen or horses, nine cents, and if drawn by more than two oxen or horses, an additional sum of three cents for every horse or ox; for every sled or sleigh, drawn by one horse, six cents ; for all horses, mules, oxen, or neat cattle, led or driven, besides those in teams or car- riages, one cent each ; for all sheep or swine, at the rate of three cents for one dozen. . . . Provided, that nothing within this act shall extend to entitle the said corporation to demand or receive toll of any person who shall be passing with his horse or carriage to or from public worship, or with his horse, team, or cattle, to or from his common labor, or to or from any mill, or on the common or ordinary business of family concerns within the said town, or from any person or persons passing on military duty." ^ And it was " further enacted, that the first meeting of said corporation shall be holden at the house of Jonathan Warner, in Hardwick aforesaid, on the tenth day of September next, at ten of the clock 1 One of these gates was to be erected very honest though somewhat eccentric " near the house of Zephauiah Spooner man. in Hardwick " (near Muddy Brook) ; but " The town of Hardwick had previous- it was soon afterwards placed near the ly (April 2, 1798) "voted, to let a Turn- Old Furnace, between Moose Brook and pike Road go through the town, if the in- Ware River; where toil was gathered for habitants of the said town may pass and many years by Mr. Ebenezer Cobb, a repass free of any expense in said town." CIVIL HISTORY. 151 in the forenoon, for the purpose of choosing all snch officers and establishing such rules as said corporation may think proper." ^ The corporation, when organized, issued an "advertisement," describing in strong terms the advantages which would accrue both to the public and to the stockholders from the execution of their design, and soliciting subscriptions: — "The Public are informed that a Company has been incorporated by a late Act of the legislature of Massachusetts, for the purpose of making a Turnpike Road from Amherst in the County of Hampshire to Shrewsbury in the County of Worcester, and that agreeably to the act of incorporation the Company have proceeded to lay out the road and make an estimate of the probable expense. The object of this association is to establish a direct line of communi- cation from Boston to Albany, and to facilitate the travelling from Connecticut River to the Capital of Massachusetts. It is a well-known fact that the trade of this wealthy and flourishing part of New England has for many years past (in consequence of the roughness of the roads and the difficulty of communication with the town of Boston) been gradually diverted from our metropolis to Hartford and New York. To the mercantile interest of Boston this has become a very serious injury, and with their brethren in the country a subject of very serious re- gret. It is presumed, therefore, that an enterprise, the object of which is to remedy this evil, as well as to promote the conven- ience of the public, cannot fail to meet the approbation and encouragement of the citizens of Boston in particular, and the inhabitants of Massachusetts in general, even without the pros- pect of private emolument. But the proprietors, feeling them- selves authorized, from a due attention to the subject, to state to the public a rational ])rospect of individual emolument to be derived from an interest in this undertaking, calculate with con- fidence upon receiving such pecuniary aid from the patriotic and liberal citizens of New England as will enable them to carry into immediate effect the object of their association. They therefore inform the public that the proposed Turnpike comprehends a distance of about forty-three miles, beginning at Slirewsbur)^ on the great post road from Boston to New York, passing through a fertile and flourishing country in the counties of Worcester and Hampshire, and terminating at Amherst, on Connecticut River, where it will connect with a turnpike already established from Northampton to the line of the State of New York. It is well 1 Mass. Special Laws, ii. 327-331. 152 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. ascertained that this is the most direct route from Boston to Albany, and will embrace the travelling from the western country and the most flourishing settlements on Connecticut River, within the States of Massachusetts and Vermont. From the best information, the proprietors of the turnpike from North- ampton, with which this is to be immediately connected, have already realized from seven to nine per cent for their capital, and their income is rapidly increasing. From the difference in the face of the country, the proposed turnpike will be made with much less expense than the other, and the income of course proportionably greater. The expense has been estimated by a committee appointed for that purpose at twenty-five thousand five hundred and thirty dollars,^ which sum is divided into ten hundred and twenty-one shares, at twenty-five dollars each. The first assessment is five dollars, which sum is to be paid on the delivery of the Certificate, and the future assessments made known by advertisements in the public papers. It is contem- plated by the proprietors to engage in the business early in the ensuing spring, and if sufficient encouragement can be obtained to have the road completed in the course of the next season. Many wealthy and respectable inhabitants of the country are now earnestly engaged in the object, and solicit the co-operation of the commercial citizens of Boston, whose interest is so pe- culiarly concerned, and upon whose assistance the accomplish- ment of the work will perhaps ultimately depend. The shares ai'e now offered for sale, and any person inclining to become interested in an enterprise which affords a fair prospect of private advantage and of great public utility may receive more particular information, and have an opportunity of purchasing until the 10th day of February next (at which time the sales will be closed), by applying to the following persons, viz. : Mr. John Marston, N. Patch, Boston ; Nathaniel Paine, Esq., Worcester ; Ebenezer Hunt, Esq., Northampton ; John Dodds, Esq., or Mr. Lemuel Davis, Holden ; Moses White, Esq., or Francis Blake, Esq., Rutland ; Doctor Spencer Field, Oakham ; Jonatiian Warner, Esq., Hardwick ; Thomas Powers, Esq., Greenwich; Major John Conkey, Pelham. Signed by order of the Corpora- tion. Jonathan Waeneh, President." ^ 1 As generally happens in similar cases, in one summer; and cost about tliirtv- the expense far exceeded the estimate, three thousand dollars." Reed's Hist, of The " Road was forty-three miles and one Rutland, p. 44. hundred and twelve rods long; was made ^ Mass. Spy, January 1, 1800. CIVIL HISTORY. 153 The corporators and stockholders were disappointed in tlieir hope of individual profit. The construction of the road involved an expense of about eight thousand dollars beyond the estimate, the payment of which absorbed all or nearly all tlie net income. By a statement signed "Jonas Reed, late Proprietors' Clerk," it appears that " the road being made and accepted, the Corporation for a little time took considerable toll ; but it was appropriated to the payment of outstanding debts. The proprietors were under the necessity of taking their own money to pay themselves. New roads were made, toll evaded, and the shares had the same destiny as the old Continental money. The Corporation relin- quished its Franchise, and on August 11, 1828, held its last meet- ing. The turnpike became a County road or common High- way."^ But though the proprietors thus suffered loss, the towns through which the turnpike passed were doubtless benefited by its construction. It became a more direct and practicable thoroughfare, and the tide of travel was attracted to it, with the usual profitable results. In Hardwick, the turnpike followed substantially the county road from the Old Furnace to Green- wich village, except between the Common and the house of Mr. John W. Paige (marked " J. Gorham " on the R. map). The old road from the southwesterly corner of the Common ran westerly up the steep hill ^ until it intersected the present road to Ware, and then more northerly to its junction with the turn- pike. Both ends of this old road, which was discontinued in 1808, remain visible to the present day, and its whole coui'se may be traced with little difficulty.^ By the construction of the turnpike, the distance was shortened and the ascent of the hill rendered more easy. About half a century later. May 24, 1851, a charter was granted to Charles A. Stevens, Jason Gorham, William Mixter, and their associates, to construct the Ware River Railroad from 1 Reed's Ilist. of Rutland, pp. 44, 45. the proprietors, February 21, 1732-.3, " to 2 From a point near the middle of this set a meeting house on, and for a burial steep ascent, a road diverged at right place, and a training field." For this lot angles, and passed southerly towards another was afterwards substituted, and Gilbertvillo to its junction with the pres- half an acre in the northwest corner of ent road (which was laid out in 1808 as a the original "ten acres" was granted, county road), about a hundred rods north March 10, 1761, to " those people called of the house of Mr. Forester B. Aiken. the Separate Society in Hardwick," who 3 The northerly section of this old erected a meeting house thereon and oc- road was probably the westerly boundary cupied it a few years, of the " ten acres " which was granted by 154 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. Palmer to the line of New Hampshire, to be constructed within two years. ^ Additional time for its construction was repeatedly- granted by the General Court, but in vain. At length a new charter was granted, March 16, 1867, to George H. Gilbert, Wil- liam Mixter, Orrin Sage, Charles A. Stevens, George S. Hill, and their associates, authorizing them, for the purpose of construction, to divide the road into four sections, viz. : 1. From Palmer to Gilbei'tville ; 2. From Gilbertville to Barre ; 3. From Barre to Templeton ; and 4. From Templeton to the New Hampshire line ; and also to " receive subscriptions for the building of each of said sections separately." ^ The time limited for its construc- tion having expired, the charter was revived by the General Court, April 1, 1869, and the corporators were authorized. May 22, 1869, to mortgage the road to secure the payment of bonds to be issued to defray the expense of construction. ^ By an act passed March 15, 1870, the several towns through which this road was to pass were authorized to subscribe for stock, not ex- ceeding in amount five per cent, of the assessed valuation of each town, by a majority of two thirds of the voters voting thereon by ballot.* Accordingly, at a town-meeting, June 27, 1870, it was voted, " That the town of Hardwick subscribe for thirty thousand dollars of the capital stock of the Ware River Railroad Com- pany, under and pursuant to the authority given by an Act of the Legislature of Massachusetts, at the late session thereof ; such amount to be applied to the construction of the second section of the said Ware River Railroad, from Gilbertville to Barre." On this question, the votes were. Yeas, 113 ; Naj's, 43. The road was soon afterwards constructed and put in operation.^ It proved unprofitable, however, to the proprietors, and the bondholders foreclosed the mortgage, and sold the property for a sum not ex- ceeding the amount of the bonds. The General Court had al- ready, April 21, 1873, authorized the purchasers at this sale to organize a new company under the old name, and to issue new bonds secured by mortgage.*^ The new company was duly or- ganized, and it is understood that the property yields a satisfac- tory income to the present stockholders. To the original sub- scribers, towns as well as individuals, the amount invested was entirely lost ; nevertheless, to the towns and to many individuals 1 Mass. Special Laws, ix. 408. ^ Cars commenced riinuing to Gilbert- 2 Ibid., xii. 202. ville in 1870 ; to Barre about 1872. 8 Ibid., xii. 763. _ 6 Mass. Special Laws, xiii. 582. * Ibid., xii. 907. CIVIL HISTORY. 155 the loss was full}'^ balanced by the incidental benefit derived from the construction of the road. Both the agricultural and manu- facturing interests of the town were promoted by the increased facilities of transportation ; and the town was enriched rather than impoverished by the expenditure. In the year 1870 the railroad fever raged violently in Hard- wick. Not content with one road, involving an expense of thirty thousand dollars, the town pledged its credit for almost as large a sum, to aid in the construction of another, which promised even greater advantages, and which, if it shall ever be completed, will probably redeem this promise, substantially, in spite of its failure to perform the stipulated conditions. On the lOtli day of INIay, 1870, the General Court incorporated Edward Denny and others (among whom was Constant Southwortli of Hardwick), as the " Massachusetts Central Railroad Company," and authorized them to "locate, construct, maintain, and operate a railroad, with one or more tracks, commencing at some convenient point in the town of Williamsbuig, thence running by the most convenient route through the towns of Northampton, Easthampton, West- hampton, Hatfield, Hadley, South Hadley, Amherst, Granby, Ludlow, Belchertown, Enfield, Greenwich, Ware, Palmer, West Brookfield, New Braintree, Hardwick, Dana, Petersham, Barre, Phillipston, Oakham, Hubbardston, Rutland, Princeton, Holden, Sterling, Boylston, West Boylston, Clinton, Lancaster, Northbor- ough, Berlin, Bolton, Hudson, Stow, and Marlborough, or any of them, to Mill Village, thence over the line of the Wayland and Sudbury Branch Railroad Company, incorporated in the year 18G8, to its terminus near the Stony Brook Station on the Fitch- burg Railroad," with authority to become consolidated with the said Wayland and Sudbury Railroad and the Williamsburg and North Adams Railroad, and to use the tracks of intersecting rail- roads." ^ An inspection of the map will show that as far as to the easterly line of the county of Worcester, this roving commis- sion embraced almost the entire territory between the Fitchburg and the Boston and Albany railroads ; and, at one time or an- other, a large portion of it has been surveyed, and selected as " the most convenient route." Hardwick had its full share of these surveys, selections, and changes. After many ineffectual attempts had been made to find a feasible route across or near the Common, it was determined to follow the valley of Ware River, 1 Mass. Special Laws, xii. 736. 156 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. either upon or parallel with the Ware River Railroad, from the northeast corner of tlie town to a point near Gilbertville, and thence to sweep around westerly and northerly almost or quite to Southworth's Mills in the northwest part of the town, near Green- wich, Upon the westerly portion of this route large sums of money were expended, in deep excavations of rocky hills, high embankments across valleys, and abutments for bridges, which may hereafter be a study for antiquaries ; but the work was at length abandoned, to the grievous disappointment of Mr. South- worth and others who had actively labored in behalf of the road, and a new route was adopted, extending down the River Valley to Ware Village, thus entirely avoiding the highlands in Hard- wick. Whether this will be the permanent location of the road, and how soon the proposed work may be completed, are problems yet unsolved. By the act of incorporation, the several towns on the line of the railroad were authorized to subscribe for its stock, to an amount not exceeding five per cent, of their respective taxable valuation. Encouraged by the hope that the several portions of the town would be benefited by accessible stations, at a town-meeting held November 8, 1870, it was " voted by one hundred and thirty-four (134) yes, to ninety (90) no, by ballot, that the Treasurer of the town of Hardwick be and he is hereby authorized and directed to subscribe immediately, in the name of the town of Hardwick for two hundred and eighty-one shares of one hundred dollars each, of the capital stock of the Massachusetts Central Railroad Company, agreeably to the terms of their charter, being 260 of the Acts of 1869. Provided, that this subscription be made upon the follow- ing conditions, to wit : that the said Road shall be located, and a contract be made with responsible parties to construct the Railroad of said Company from Northampton, through and by the way of Greenwich and Hardwick, north of the DugaP Hill, so as to make a continuous line to Stony Brook Station on the Fitchburg Railroad ; and further provided, that the town shall not be liable to any amount till not less than three millions of dollars, including this subscription, shall have been made to the capital stock of said company. And provided further, that a depot for freight and pas- sengers be established in the vicinity of the Old Furnace, Hard- wick, and another in the most convenient locality between Gil- bertville and the centre of Hardwick. And provided further, that this subscription shall not be valid, unless the whole capital stock 1 Or " McDougal," or " Bugle." CIVIL HISTORY. 157 of three million dollars be subscribed by responsible parties within six months from the first day of January next." It is questionable whether any of these conditions have ever been ful- filled by the Railroad Company. It is certain that some of them have not been fulfilled, and have become impossible of perform- ance, unless the strange doctrine be held, that a location of the road north of Bugle Hill, and tiie stating of a place for a depot between Gilbertville and the centre of the town, was a substan- tial fulfilment of the conditions, notwithstanding the road was never constructed, and the location was utterly abandoned. Nev- ertheless, on the presumption that the Company would comply with the conditions in good faith, the town paid forty per cent, of its subscription, amounting to $11,240 ; but on the 5th of No- vember, 1872, it was " voted, that the money on the subscription of the town of Hardwick to the capital stock of the Massachusetts Central Railroad be withheld until the definite location of the de- pots of said Railroad in the vicinity of the Old Furnace Village, Hardwick, and between the Common in said Hardwick and Gil- bertville, and until the depot in the vicinity of the Old Furnace Village be located within the limits of the town of Hardwick." ^ During the controversy which ensued, the Railroad Company proposed to sell the stock belonging to the town ; whereupon at a town-meeting, August 3, 1878, "voted and chose Hon. William Mixter an agent of the town of Hardwick to agree with the Di- rectors of the Massachusetts Central Railroad Company, that if the said Company will consent not to sell the shares of the town in the stock of said Company, as heretofore notified, the town will waive all benefit of the Statute of Limitations for six months from this date," without prejudice to the legal rights of either party. A similar vote was passed, February 6, 1879, extending the time two years. Whether the town will hereafter be compelled to pay the remaining sixty per cent, of its subscription, not- withstanding the non-performance of the conditions, or whether, in consequence of such non-performance the company will be re- quired to refund the amount already paid, remains to be judi- cially determined. Meantime there is now an encouraging pros- pect that at least so much of the road as will shorten the distance between Hardwick and Boston twenty miles will be completed at no remote day, and that the town will thus obtain a great advan- tage, though less than it bargained for. ^ The company had commenced grad- not " within the limits of the town of ing the road on the east side of the river, Hardwick." passing the Furnace Village at a point 158 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. Pounds. One of the earliest safeguariis against the destruc- tion of property in the infant settlement was the establishment of a pound for the confinement of cattle unlawfully running at large. At the third meeting, after partial town privileges had been obtained, holden June 30, 1737, it was " voted, that George Abbott provide a Pound and be the pound-keeper for this year ; " the next year, August 8, 1738, it was " voted, that Benjamin Smith's yard be a Pound for the town this year ; " and at the first meeting after the town was fully incorporated, holden April 3, 1739, it was " voted, that the town will build a Pound, thirty feet square, and that it shall be set near the meeting house, ^ and that Samuel Robinson be the man to build said Pound according to law." This inclosure served its purpose more than half a cen- tury ; but on the 3d of March, 1791, it was " voted, that Jonathan Danforth finisli the Pound before the first day of June next." This vote is supposed to refer to the pound on the westerly side of Great Meadow Brook, where it is crossed by the okl turnpike, near the spot where Mr. Danforth then resided, now owned and occupied by Captain Orin Trow. The substantial stone walls remain standing, and fragments of the fence, composed of sawed chestnut posts and rails, are still visible, after so long exposure.^ Paupers. The first reference to that unfortunate class, de- pendent on public charity and support, which appears on record, is under date of JNIarch 7, 1717-8, when upon an article in the warrant, " to see if the town will raise money to maintain Han- nah Maccoye, sent to this town for that intent," it was " voted to raise fifty pounds, old tenor, to maintain Hannah Maccoye; " she remained chargeable until 1765. Doubtless other persons had received public assistance at an earlier date ; indeed, it is alleged by General Ruggles, in a petition dated in 1751 and heretofore quoted, that " the inhabitants of said town are obliged to be at a great expense for the support of several poor and in- digent persons ; " but the aid was probably rendered from the general fund raised for town expenses. From the annual ac- counts of the town treasurer, and from other sources, the fol- lowing names are gathered of persons who received public aid up to the end of the last century ; the figures denote the date when 1 It was on the westerly side of the my childish wonder three quarters of a Common, near the late residence of Mr. century ago, and whose gradual decay I Moses Smith. have since observed at short intervals of ■■^ I am very confident that these are time, fragments of the same fence which excited CIVIL HISTORY. 159 such aid was first rendered : Edmund Jordan's wife and children, 1757 ; 1 Isaiah Glazier's children, 1761; Tempei\'\nce Pratt, 1761; 2 Sarah Cummings, 1761 ; Widow Zerviah Pratt, 1765, died April 18, 1798, aged 89; Ephraim Rice's wife, 1765; Samuel vVbbott, " a poor child," 1766 ; Charles Thomas, " a poor child," in care of Asa Hatch, 1768 ; James Harwood's wife, 1777 ; Mary Stratton, " a poor girl," 1783; Widow Mary Brad- shaw, 1786; John Hedge, 1786; Thomas Shaw, 1786; Paul Morgan,^ 1789; Widow Jemima Blackington, 1792, died May 18, 1796, aged 70 ; Isaac Pratt, 1793, died November 27, 1808, aged 83 ; Hannah Aiken, 1798, died December 9, 1814, aged 61; Anna Farr, 1799; Abraham Chamberlin and wife, 1799; John Hunt, and wife, and child, 1799 ; Edward Curtis, 1800, died October 17, 1800, aged 66 ; Roxa Elwell, 1800, temporarily. What method was originally adopted for furnishing the neces- sary assistance to paupers, does not appear ; but at the com- mencement of this century, and for many years afterwards, their maintenance was allotted to the lowest bidder, from year to year,"* with this qualification, however, that a preference was given to relatives who were willing to assume the task.^ But in 1837 a more humane plan was adopted ; and at a town meeting, April 3, 1837, after appropriating the sum of $2,000 (a portion of the "Surplus Revenue" received by the town) to defray the expense of building a Town Hall, it was "voted, to apply the residue of said surplus to the purchase of a Farm, on which to support the paupers ; voted, that the present Board of Selectmen be a committee to purchase a Farm for the purpose of making it a home for our paupers ; " and on the 13th of the following No- vember it was " voted, to instruct the selectmen to complete the purchase of the Farm of Mr. John Wheeler, on the terms they 1 Edmund Jordan died in the army, 1819, to wit: — Daniel Thomas and wife 1756. to Ephraira Ruggles ; Molly Reed (who 2 Temperance Pratt was an idiotic died January 22, 1822, aged 83) to Jede- daughter of Widow Zerviah Pratt, and re- diah Dexter ; Mrs. Hammon to Bassett mained a pauper for fifty years, until she Fay ; Anna Farr to David Bund ; Mrs. died December 17, 1814, aged 64. Hedge to Sally Hedge; Hannah Morgan ^ Paul jNIorgan had the care of a grist- (State pauper) to Deacon Joseph Allen ; mill which formerly stood near the pres- Dudley F. Lawrence to Ephraim Rug- ent residence of Captain Orin Trow ; he gles ; Widow Freeman to Jedediah Dex- died in 1789; his widow Hannah, also a ter; Lucius Doolittle to Franklin Rug- pauper near the close of her life, died gles; Widow Newton and two children January 17, 1824, at the supposed age of to Samuel Freeman. 95 years. 5 In 1811, and for several years earlier * On a loose paper among the archives and later, Sally Hedge was paid for sup- in the town clerk's office is a memoran- porting her grandmother. Deliverance dum of the disposition of the paupers in Hedge, who died June 4, 1819, aged 93. IGO HISTORY OF HARDWICK. have reported." On this farm suitable buildings were erected for the convenience and comfort of the poor, who were thenceforth protected against an annual flitting from one family to another, and from the constant peril of being committed to the charge of such persons as would have less regard for their welfare than for their own personal profit. Under the judicious and tender care of a warden and matron, the inmates are made more comfortable in their old age and helplessness, without material increase of the expenses of the town. Before dismissing this subject, it may be mentioned that a speculation in the maintenance of State Paupers was once seri- ousl}^ proposed in town meeting. Who suggested the idea, or advocated the measure, does not appear; but the following vote was passed, May 9, 1791, and duly recorded : " Voted, that the town will receive one third part of the poor persons sup- ported by the Commonwealth, and they hereby offer and agree, on their part, to support said poor persons, with suitable lodging and boarding, for the term of ten years from and after the time of contracting, provided the Commonwealth will pay them five shillings per week for adults, and two shillings and sixpence per week for children, and their proportion of one hundred pounds per annum for doctoring said poor, the money to be paid quar- terly ; and will remove said poor from Boston at their own ex- pense." I find no evidence that their offer was accepted, or that any further action was had by the town in reference to this magnificent project. Slavery. There are very faint traces of human bondage in Hardwick. Among the marriages solemnized by Rev. Mr. White was that of " Tack and Rose, Kenelm Winslow's man and maid servant, April y® 8*^, 1755." Mr. Winslow not long after- wards removed to Petersham, and in his will, dated April 5, 1775, gave to his wife, during her widowhood, his three negroes, Sai'ah, Rose, and Phillis, probably the offspring from this mar- riage. Rev. Mr. White also baptized, July 27, 1755, " Zebulon, the son of Philip and Bathsheba, man and maid servant to Capt. Joseph Warner," and a second Zebulon, son of the same parents, April 10, 1757. One more slave appears where we might least expect to find him, namely, in possession of a man who had served in the French war, on behalf of his country ; who had already accepted office as captain of a company of minute-men, ready to march, at a moment's notice in defence of CIVIL HISTORY. 161 human rights against foreign domination, and did thus march, soon afterwards ; and who, a dozen years later, again took up arms and put his life in peril, when he imagined the execution of law would be hurtful to the poox-er class of the community. Moreover, he had never lived in luxury, but evidently suffered financial embarrassment, and seemed in no respect exposed to the temptation of holding a fellow-man in bondage. But the following advertisement shows that his practice was inconsistent with his avowed principles, and unsuited to his condition: " Fifteen Dollars Rewakd. Ran away from me, the sub- scriber, on Thursday, the twentieth of October instant, a Negro Man, named Caasar, about 26 years old, five feet four inches high ; had on, when he went away, a green ratteen coat, red everlasting jacket, white linen breeches, blue yarn stockings; he has a mark or scar over one of his eyes, the little finger of his left hand is a little crooked by the cut of a sickle ; it is suspected that some one assisted him, by changing cloaths, or gave him a pass ; Who- ever will take up said Negro and return him to me, or confine him to any of his Majesty's Goals, so that he may be returned to me, shall have the above reward and all necessary charges paid by Simeon Hazeltine. Hardwick, October 21, 1774." ^ Cap- tain Hazeltine himself became a fugitive in 1787, to escape the consequences of his active participation in the " Shays Rebellion." There is no evidence that nuiiiy negroes, bond or free, ever re- sided here. A census of the inhabitants twenty-one years of age and upwards, was taken, January 31, 1777, by the Selectmen and Committee of Correspondence, who certified that "we have no Quakers, no Indians, and no Negroes." Probably, however, there were some negro inhabitants under twenty-one years old ; for in May, 1781, a descriptive Roll of men, enlisted in the army for three yeai's, contains the names of Cato Boston, aged 22, Jupiter Lee, aged 16, and Zebulon Bassett, aged 23, all described as " black." The last named patriotic soldier was probably the same Zebulon, son of Captain Joseph Warner's servants, who was baptized April 10, 1757. At a later day, a few negro fami- lies have resided here, but never many at any one period ; and never at any time have they disturbed the peace of the community. Town House. For nearly a century after its incorporation, the town held its public meetings in the Congregational meeting- house, which was the common property of the town, — the town 1 Boston Gazette, October 24, 1774. 11 162 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. and parish being substantially the same. At length a portion of the old parish withdrew, organized a new society, and erected a meeting-house at the south end of the common. A Universalist Society had also been formed, which held its meetings in a hall, and no longer contributed towards the expenses of the old parish. Under such circumstances, it was unreasonable that the whole town should make free use of a meeting-house which belonged to a single parish, and was to be ke23t in repair or rebuilt without expense to the town in its corporate capacity. Better accommo- dations for the transaction of public business were also needed and generally desired. Accordingly, at a town meeting, April 4, 1836, " the Committee to whom was referred the subject of building a Town House made a report, accompanied by a plan, recommending to the town to build such a house, estimating the expense at $1,500." The report was accepted, and a committee was appointed to carry the recommendation into effect, and to " select a suitable spot for the erection of said house in the old burying-ground." The northwest corner of the burial-place was selected, August 22, 1836, on which a convenient edifice was constructed, two stories high, having on the lower floor rooms for the use of the various boards of town officers, and on the second floor a spacious hall for town-meetings and for other large assem- blies. The cost of the building was defrayed without resort to taxation. Fortunately the revenue of the United States had ex- ceeded the necessary disbursements, and a surplus had accumu- lated in the Treasury. This surplus was divided by Congress among the several States ; and the General Court of Massachu- setts distributed its share to the several towns, on certain condi- tions, one of which was that each town should refund its propor- tion, if it should afterwards be demanded. On the 3d of April, 1837, it was " voted, that the town consent to receive their pro- portion of the Surplus Revenue, under the conditions and limita- tions imposed by law. . . . Voted, that two thousand dollars of said Surplus be appropriated to the discharge of the debt to be incurred by building the Town House, and to discharge the other debts of the town." Having completed the edifice and paid for it, the town mani- fested a willingness that it should be used for purposes other than strictly municipal affairs ; and while it rightly demanded com- pensation from those who used it, was very moderate in its ex- actions. Moreover, in the use of the Hall a proper distinction was made between the common benefit of the public and the CIVIL HISTORY. 163 private advantage of a class, or of individuals. Having author- ized the selectmen, November 13, 1837, " to take charge of the Town House, to keep it in order, to let it, &c.," the town gave some special directions concerning its use. May 8, 1838, when it was " voted that the Universalist Society shall be entitled to use the Town Hall as a place of worship, on the second Sabbath of each month, at one dollar per Sabbath, and oftener at the same rate, if the Hall be not otherwise engaged, and said Society can obtain preaching ; also that said Society be entitled to the use of said Hall for evening Lectures, at the rate of fifty cents for each evening : ^ — voted, that the use of the Hall be granted to Mr. Goldsbury, for the purpose of keeping a High School, at the rate of five dollars per quarter ; damages done to the Hall by the school to be repaired by the school : — voted, that the Hardwick Lyceum be entitled to the use of the Hall without paying any- thing to the town: — voted, that the use of the Hall be granted for the purpose of singing, without any charge therefor being made by the town." The High School was closed in 1839, and about two years later the Universalist Society, having erected a new meeting-house (under a mutual arrangement with the Con- gregational Society), ceased to occupy the Hall " as a place of worship " ; but it continues to be used for all proper purposes, either gratuitously, or at a very reasonable charge. On the 24th of May, 1847, the town accepted a bell, as a gift from Jason Mixter, Esq., and ordered it to be placed on the Town House, bearing this appropriate inscription, — " Presented to the Town by Jason Mixter, Esq., A. D. 1847." Bueial-Places. In the " Massachusetts Spy," dated Friday, June 2, 1871, it was announced that, — " Last Friday, as the workmen on the Ware River Railroad were engaged in excavat- ing for the road-bed in Hardwick, near Old Furnace Village, they came upon an old graveyard, where they have exhumed some ten or twelve skeletons. The Town Records have been searched, and nothing can be found that gives any information in regard to the matter. An old lady, eighty-five years of age, says that her grandfather used to tell of a public burying-ground somewhere in that locality. At present the whole affair is a mystery, and there seems to be no means of obtaining any clue in regard to the matter." Additional particulars were mentioned ' On the passage of this vote, which was sharply contested, there were 45 yeas and 34 nays. 164 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. in the " Springfield Republican " of the same date : " Twenty- eight skeletons had been exhumed, up to Tuesday night, in the old cemetery at Furnace Village, Hardwick, brought to hght by the excavations for the Ware River Railroad, and there was a prospect of finding still more. These were all found in a space of fifty feet in length and twenty feet wide, being the square cut upon the centre line of the road-bed. It is very curious that no definite information in regard to so large a yard can be obtained. The remains that have been lately taken out have the hair more plainly defined than the first, and pieces of boards, used in mak- ing the cofiins, have been found, — in fact were attached to cof- fin-nails, old fashioned, wrought, about such as blacksmiths use for horse-shoes, now-a-days. The pieces of boards were so plainly defined that one could tell that the boards were split from the logs instead of being sawed." I visited the place ^ June 8, 1871, and found the skeletons de- scribed, then numbering thirty ; some were of persons apparently well advanced in life, some of middle age, and others of young children. The number exceeded my expectations ; but that several persons had been buried there, was a tradition, current in my boyhood, though strangely unfamiliar to the present gen- eration. Indeed, the greatest " mystery " in regard to this mat- ter is, that so few persons now living should have any knowledge or remembrance of that tradition ; I could find none, except the " old lady,2 eighty-five years old " in 1871, and her recollection was vague and indistinct. Among the very earliest pioneers, if not absolutely the first, was William Thomas, the owner and oc- cupant of the farm where the skeletons were found. Nearly three quarters of a century ago I received from my elders the tradition that he and several members of his family were buried on his own farm, and that some of his neighbors had permission to bury their dead in the same place. The precise spot was never designated to me ; but it was always described as on this farm, and there can be no reasonable doubt that it Avas where the skeletons were exhumed in 1871. Mr, Thomas died May 22, 1747, aged probably about 60 ; his wife Patience died October 27, 1746. In 1749 the farm passed out of the possession of the Thomas family, and gradually all traces of the ancient graves J were obliterated. 1 This spot is about a mile and a quar- twenty rods southeasterly from the house ter southerly from the Furnace Village, marked " C. Paige" on the R. map. and nearly three miles southeasterly from ^ Daughter of Deacon James Paige, the Common; it is a gravelly knoll, about and mother of Deacon James N. Brown. Shedied June 16, 1880. CIVIL HISTORY. 165 This was never a public burial-place, and no reference to it on the Town Records need be expected. Mr. Thomas had posses- sion of this farm and occupied a house thereon as early as Decem- ber 13, 1732, and how much earlier does not appear. Before the public burial-place was established, before any saw-mills were erected, as is indicated by some remnants of " boards, split from the logs instead of being sawed," and possibly before he had any neighbors nearer than Rutland and Brookfield, some member of his family may have deceased ; and in such case it was natural that he should use a portion of his own land as a private ceme- tery ; it was natural, also, that he and his family, as long as they retained possession of the farm, should bury their dead in the same place. It is a part of the tradition, and the large number of skeletons indicates the same fact, that some of the neighboring families were buried in this rural spot, so muck more easy of access than the public burial-place on the highlands, even after it was prepared for use. There may have been a special reason for the clustering of graves in this spot, if there be substantial truth in another tradition, communicated to me in 1838, by a very in- telligent lady,^ then ninety years old, namely, that before the first meeting-house was erected on the Common, meetings for re- ligious worship were for some time held in or near the house of INIr. Thomas. If this were so, it was natural that his neighbors should desire to bury their dead here rather than on their own farms.2 Except the theory mentioned in the note, I am not aware that any other explanation has been offered concerning the bones, which having rested undistui'bed for more than a cen- tury, until the memory of them had nearly perished from the 1 The widow of Major-General Jona- the logs instead of being sawed ; " nor is than Warner. it probable that so many women and 2 A theory gained temporary currency children were camp-followers, and died that these skeletons were " the relics of a in one winter, as tlie skeletons indicate, portion of the Shays Rebellion ; " that Moreover, there is no evidence that the after the attack on the arsenal at Spring- Shays army ever entered Hardvvick, after field in January, 1787, " the Shays party the retreat from Springfield. On the retreated to Hardwick where they en- contrary, all the authorities agree that camped and kept quiet. That winter was instead of encamping and keeping quiet, severe, and many died, being buried in here or elsewhere, through the winter, rough wooden boxes." But this tiieory the troops were utterly routed and scatr is incredible for several reasons : — What- tered at Petersham, February 4, 1787, ever may have been the scarcity when the just ten days after their abortive attempt first deaths occurred in the families of at Springfield. Indeed, they did not even Mr. Thomas and his neighbors, there was pass through Hardwick on their retreat, certainly no lack of saw-mills half a cen- but fled from Petersham in the opposite tury later, in 1787, nor any necessity to direction through Athol. construct coffins of boards "split from 166 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. earth, were accidentally disinterred in 1871, to the great astonish- ment and bewilderment of the living inhabitants. After due examination, they were placed together in a box and again depos- ited in the earth, under the direction of the selectmen. The oldest public burial-place in Hardwick is in the centre of the town, on the east side of the Common. It is not a part of the " ten acres," devoted by the proprietors, February 21, 1732-3, to public use ; but it was probably substituted for the original grant, about 1741, when the second meeting-house was erected. How early this burial-place was used does not appear. The most ancient date now to be found on any head-stone, is on that of Han- nah, wife of Thomas Haskell, who died. May 16, 1749, aged 25. Deacon John White, the father of Rev. David White, was born at an earlier date (1663) than any other person known to have been buried in that ground ; he died November 13, 1750, in the eighty-eighth year of his age. N^xt to him in seniority of birth was Daniel Warner, the progenitor of almost all who now bear that name in Hardwick, who was born in 1666, and died March 12, 1754, in the eighty-eighth year of his age. Both of these pa- triarchs were born in Hatfield. Far exceeding them in age, and the oldest person ever buried in, that ground, was Mercy, widow of Deacon William Paige, who was born at Brookfield January 3, 1720-1, and died here February 19, 1823, having completed more than one hundred and two years of life. This burial-place has been sadly shorn of its original propor- tions. In 1768 the northerly line was 15^ rods in length ; the east erly line, 14 rods ; and the southerly line, 11 rods. The westerly line appears to have been a continuation of what is now the east- erly line of the road running northerly from the Common towards Petersham.^ The first mutilation was authorized by a vote passed May 9, 1791, when a committee consisting of sixteen prominent inhabitants, previously appointed " to view the Com- mon and the lands adjoining, and see what alterations may be convenient and necessary to be made ; also to inquire of the pro- 1 These dimensions are gleaned from were several depressions in the surface of a deed of the meeting-house lot to the the ground on the easterly side of the town, executed by John Rowe, May 30, present Common, which were then re- 1768, and another deed of the adjoining puted to be indications of ancient graves; premises to Daniel Ruggles, from the but whether their contents had been re- heirs of the same John Rowe, dated July moved to the present contracted limits of 9, 1803. Wore. Reg. Deeds, lix. 113; the burial-place, is not certainly known, cliv. 126. In my school-boy days there CIVIL HISTORY. 167 prietors of the lands adjoinging, to know of them on what condi- tions tliey will dispose of their lands, provided the committee shall think it expedient to enlarge the Common ; also to exam- ine respecting the expediency and propriety of I'emoving the Burying-yard wall, and laying a part of the present Burying-yard common," submitted a report which was accepted ; and the town thereupon voted to enlarge the Common by taking in a portion of the burying-ground on the easterly side of the Common, and a strip of land on the westerly side, given by General Warner on certain conditions to which the town assented. No further mate- rial encroachment seems to have been made until August 22, 1836, when the town instructed its committee to erect a Town House " on the northwest corner of the old Burying-ground." At this time a new cemetery had been established, and an inclina- tion was exhibited by many, not only to discontinue their accus- tomed use of this place, hallowed for a century by the dust of the dead and the tears of the living, but to sell it outright, for " thirty pieces of silver," more or less, and permit it to be utterly perverted from its original destination.^ It was thought to be a desirable location for dwelling-houses, and especially for stores and public buildings. The Town House had covered several ^ While this spirit of vandalism was fruitful fields and pleasant gardens, sleep rife, the town celebrated its centennial there. They sleep there, who labored, anniversary. In the address on that oc- suffered privation, and freely perilled casion my fellow citizens were besought their lives in contests with savage beasts to refrain from the proposed alienation of and more savage men, that we might en- this " God's acre " from the use to which joy plenty, and liberty, and peace. Of all it had been piously dedicated. I venture which they once possessed, they withheld to republish the appeal in this note : — nothing from us, but that small spot of " Of those who commenced the settle- ground, where, with their fellow-laborers ment here, not one remains. Most of those and fellow-sufferers, their wives and their who were active, during the first fifty children, they might rest in peace till the years of our history, have also departed, resurrection. Let us not grudge them They sleep in the grave, — all that was this scanty pittance. They gave us their mortal of them, — chiefly in the inclosure houses and lands ; — do not deprive them near this house, which was devoted as a of their graves. Let not their ashes be burial-place, by the proprietors of the scattered to the four winds, nor their township. I exceedingly regret that a few bones be thrown out, to be tram])led individuals have manifested a disposition under foot by the unthinking multitude, to appropriate it to other purposes en- Let not that spot of ground, already shorn tirely. I know not how some persons of its original proportions, be further des- may feel on this subject. But my fathers ecrated. Let it rather be neatly and sub- sleep in that ground ; and I would gladly stantially inclosed, and planted with trees preserve their remains from indignity. In and shrubbery. It will then be a pleas- regard to most of my fellow citizens, I ant retreat for meditation, an ornament may say your fathers sleep there, and it to your village, and a perpetual raonu- becomes you to watch over them. They ment of your respect for the memory of who converted a howling wilderness into your ancestors." 168 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. graves, without disturbing their contents ; and this was regarded by some as a sufficient excuse for digging to any required depth for the construction of basements and cellars. After the project had been freely discussed for several months, it took definite form INlarch 5, 1838, when an article was inserted in the warrant for the annual town meeting, " to see if the town will dispose of a portion of the old burying-ground to Joel S. Marsh, lying be- tween the elm trees near the Town House, 44 feet in length, north and south, and 34 feet in width, for the purpose of erecting a store ; " to the honor of the town, I glady copy the record that " a motion that the town consent to sell the land to Mr. Marsh, as requested by him, passed in the negative." It does not ap- pear that a similar proposition was afterwards presented to the town by any individual ; but an attempt was made December 30, 1840, to purchase a part of the burial-place for a very differ- ent purpose, which could be carried into effect without disturbing the bones of the dead. At that date, the second article in the warrant was " to see if the town will sell to the First Universal- ist Society, for a reasonable compensation, a spot of land in the old burying-ground, sixty feet deep and fifty feet front, lying directly back of two elm trees between the Town House and Mixter and Delano's store, for the purpose of erecting a church thereon. . . . The subject contained in the second article of the warrant was discussed at considerable length, and many objec- tions having been made to granting the spot referred to in said article, it was voted to dissolve the meeting." ^ This was equiva- lent to an absolute refusal to grant the request. Such decisive action by the town, after full discussion, settled the question for one generation at least, and it may be hoped for all generations, that neither individuals nor societies should be permitted to dis- turb the ashes of " the rude forefathers of the hamlet." Up to this time, no further attempt has been made to diminish the size of this old grave-yard. It has long ceased to be used for the burial of the recent dead, partly because it would be difficult to find a spot not already occupied, and partly because a more com- modious and more attractive cemetery has been provided ; but it has not been unduly neglected, nor is its appearance, as a disused burial-place, discreditable to the town. ^ A similar application had been re- the northwest corner of the biirying- jected, May 5, 1828, when it was "voted ground, or on the southerly part of the not to grant the First Calvinistic Society Common." a spot for a meeting-house lot, either on CIVIL HISTORY. 169 As early as 1804 it was found that the burying ground had been made too small by its recent reduction in size, and a com- mittee was appointed to select another place. At a town meet- ing, May 6, 1805, it was " voted that the committee chosen last year for the purpose of procuring a suitable spot for a burying- yard, be empowered to purchase one as central as they can find." No purchase was made, however, until January 11, 1815, when a committee reported in favor of buying one acre and a half ^ of the Rev. Thomas Holt, and were authorized to close the bargain on the proposed terms. This lot has been several times enlarged by the purchase of another acre on the north side, November 12, 1849, afterwards of an adjoining tract, on the east side, of Mr. John Paige, and April 3, 1876, of somewhat more than two acres on the south side, of Mr. Joseph C. Paige. No lack of care or attention in regard to this cemetery is chargeable to the town or to individuals. It is very substantially fenced and orna- mented by trees. Many monuments have been erected, and the head-stones are generally of a good character, and preserved clean and erect. Altogether, it is one of the neatest, well-ordered cemeteries in that section of the country. The first person buried here was Mr. Lendall Whipple, who had a few days pre- viously assisted in erecting the stone inclosure, and who died November 21, 1817, aged nearly twent^^-two years. The oldest person was probably Mrs. Sibillah Dexter (successively the wife of Mr. Samuel Thurston, and of Captain Samuel Dexter, both of Hardwick), who died at New Braintree, July 13, 1849, at the age of one hundred years, as inscribed on her head-stone, and on the Town Record of New Braintree. The head-stone of Mr. Asahel Billings, who died July 16, 1838, represents him to have attained the age of one hundred years ; and the Town Record calls hira 99 ; both overrate his age, which probably did not ex- ceed 97, and was equalled or exceeded by that of three others, at least: Mrs. Mary, widow of Daniel Billings, who died June 8, 1835, aged 97 ; Mrs. Hannah, widow of David Aiken, who died July 28, 1837, aged 97 ; and Mrs. Olive, widow of Ephraim Ruggles, who died August 3, 1858, aged 98. About the commencement of the present century, a burial- place was established in the southwesterly part of the town, near the place where the Baptist meeting-house stood. It contains ^ Situated about a quarter of a mile of the roads leading to Petersham and to north of the Common, at the intersectioa Barre. 170 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. many graves, a reasonable proportion of which are designated by suitable memorials. The earliest date which I observed is on the head-stone of Abel Burt, son of Rev. Ebenezer Burt, who died June 23, 1803, aged 9 months. The greatest age denoted on any head-stone is that of Mr. Samuel L. Robinson, who died January 18, 1863, aged 95 ; and nearly approaching this is the age of Mr. Henry Higgins, who died March 15, 1837, aged 94. It is highly probable that Mr. Jesse Snow, who died in June, 1825, aged 96, was buried here, but no head-stone is found where it might be ex- pected to stand, near that of his wife, Mrs. Mary Snow, who died February 5, 1818, aged 77.^ Much credit is due to those who have charge of this cemetery for keeping it in so good condi- tion in all respects. In the northerly part of the town, near Barre, is a very neat inclosure, apparently a private burial-place belonging to the Taylor family. The earliest date is on the head-stone of Seth Taylor, who died July 7, 1811, aged QQ, and the greatest age is inscribed on that of Sylvanus Taylor, who died April 5, 1819, aged 75. In the old cemetery, near the Common, in addition to the poetical inscriptions, common to others at the same date, a few are found which appear to be original : — In memory of Capt. Ebenezer Cox who died March y« 2M768 in f 42'^ year of his age. Beneath this stone a noble Captain's laid Which for his King and Country was displayed His courage that no terrors could disarm Nor when he fac'd ye foe his fears alarm But now he's conquer'd and ye silent grave Can boast that power ye French could never have Under his care his soldiers were secure Equal with them all hardships he'd endure In six campaigns intrepid trod ye field Nor to ye Gallic Power would ever yield At last he's gone we hope where Wars do cease To spend a whole Eternity in Peace. On a large head-stone, erected agreeably to a vote of the town, the following epitaphs are inscribed in parallel columns : — 1 It is not unlikely that the Rev. Eben- by the side of his wife and two sons, and ezer Burt, who died at Athol, November near the spot where he had faithfully 25, 1861, aged nearly 96, was buried here, preached the gospel for many years. CIVIL HISTORY. 171 Sacred to the memory of the Rev" David White who died JanJ' y" 6"' 1784 in y<= 74"^ year of his age. He was the first minister settled in the Town and faithfully and conscientiously performed the sacred functions of his office for al- most 50 years to the great edification and enlargement of his Church and the universal peace & tranquillity of the Town. Adieu to sickness pain and death Adieu to vanities and cares Submissive I resign my breath And rise to Bliss beyond the stars. Almighty Father hear my prayer And send salvation to this land May this my people be thy care And ever dwell at thy right hand. Sacred to the memory of Mus. Susanna White consort of the Rev° David White who died July ye 17th 1783, in the 69"^ year of her age. She lived a life of un- exampled Piety and Virtue and of the greatest Patience and Res- ignation under her long continued bodily indisposition and died in the firm hope of a Glorious Im- mortality. With heartfelt Joy I yield my breath And quit a life of pain and woe Rejoicing pass the scene of death To live where Joys forever flow. New transports now inspire my frame With joys celestial and sublime may you catch the heavenly flame And soar beyond the reach of time. Hail kindred spirits of the etherial skie We come to visit your divine abode To spend a long Eternity on high To love adore and bless our Saviour God. A large stone of peculiar shape stands near the centre of the cemetery, denoting the grave of a " beloved physician," and bear- ing this inscription : — Spb Salutis Eterne In memory of Doct' Charles Doolittle who died June 12'^^ 1785 in the 37"^ Year of his age. Beneath this dust in ruin lies A man once virtuous just and wise He view'd his death approaching near And gave his life without a tear Now we commit with sacred trust His body to the mould'ring dust His soul we trust has wing'd its way To realms of light and endless day. At the grave of Rosamond Winslow, who died September 13, 1803, aged 18 (long commemorated by her contemporaries 172 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. as a maiden of remarkable beauty and amiability), a head-stone bears a stanza which expresses the idea so frequently found in early grave-yard literature, but clothed in a form of simplicity and tenderness which I do not remember to have seen else- where : — Oh, my dear friend, I once like you Did stand such monuments to view ; But with me here you soon must be And others stand and read of thee. CHAPTER XI. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. Meeting-house and Ministry. — Mr. Ephraim Keitli. — Church organized. — Rev. David White ordained. — First Meeting-house. — Sharp Controversy concerning the Location of the Second Meeting-house. — Unwillingness to contract Debts. — People seated anew in the JNleeting-house. — Deacon Paige absents himself from the Communion and is censured. — Ecclesiastical Council. — Deacon Paige resigns Office, and unites with the Church in Petersham. — Deacon Robinson resigns Office, and becomes a Deacon in the Separate Church. — Changes in the Manner of Singing and also in the Versions of the Psalms sung. — Deacon Allen absents himself from the Communion, alleging a lack of Discipline in the Church ; but is afterwards pacified, and returns to his Official Duty. — Third Meeting-house, a Mag- nificent Structure. — Abortive Attempt to settle a Colleague Pastor. — Death and Character of Rev. David White, and of his Wife. — Deacon Allen elected Moderator of the Church. — Attempts to settle a Pastor. — Rev. Thomas Holt ordained. — Confession of Faith and Covenant. — Rev. Mr. Holt appeals in vain for an Increase of Salary ; his Dismission and subsequent Labors. — Pastorate of Rev. William B. Wesson. — Division of the Original Parish. — The Congregational Society settle Rev. John M. JNIerrick and Rev. John Goldsbury ; afterwards unite with the Universal- ist Society. — New Meeting-house. — Pastors. — The Calvinistic Society settle Rev. Martyn Tupper. — Confession of Faith. — Meeting-houses. — Pastors. — Deacons. When the General Court, in June, 1732, granted to the pro- prietors of this township a little more than one third part of the territory which their ancestors had purchased from the Indians, the boon was conferred " on the conditions following, viz. : That they within the space of five years settle and have on the spot sixty families (the settlers to be none but such as are natives of New England), each settler to build a good and convenient dwelling-house of one story high, eighteen feet square, at the least, and clear and bring to four acres fit for improvement, and three acres more, well stocked with English grass, and also lay out three shares throughout the town, each share to be one sixty third part of the said town, one share for the first settled minis- ter, one for the ministry, and the other for the school ; and also 174 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. build a convenient raeeting-liouse, and settle a learned and ortlio- dox minister within the term aforesaid." In conformity with these conditions, the proprietors voted February 21, 1732-3, "that ten acres of land be reserved, near the centre of said tract, to set a meeting-house on, and for a burial-place, and a training-field." On the next day they directed a committee to "lay out one hundred and eleven lots, . . . viz., four lots to each proprietor's share, sixty settlers, and the lots for the ministry, and school ; " also, " unanimously voted, that each settler pay into the hands of the committee, upon his draw- ing his lot, the sum of five pounds towards the defraying the charges of surveying, &c., and the further sum of ten pounds,^ each for the building a meeting-house within the space of three years after his being admitted." It was also voted, December 27, 1733, " That the proprietors pay the sum of forty-eight pounds, which is to be raised equally out of each whole share, to help pay a minister for preaching the gospel amongst the in- habitants there, for one year next after the 2d day of May next. Also voted that the settlers, both resident and non- resident, pay fifteen shillings each, as their part and proportion of a further encouragement for a minister to preach ; and that Mr. Timothy Ruggles be desired to procure some suitable person to serve them for the same." The first person employed, under this arrangement, was ap- parently Mr. Ephraim Keith, who probably commenced his labors at the time specified, May 2, 1734, and continued through the year. At a meeting of the proprietors, September 10, 1735, it was " voted, that the parcel of land lying between Draper's lot, No. 1, and Esq. Willis's lot. No. 2, about fifty or sixty acres, be granted to the Rev. Mr. Ephraim Keith, for his preach- ing to the people at a place called Lambstown last year, in full discharge of his due from said proprietors, his accepting the same, and likewise a note of fifteen pounds ten shillings of Mr. Joseph Haskell, of Rochester, and he to have full power to receive the same." Whether he continued to preach here for a longer period does not appear. He was at Petersham a few Sabbaths in 1736,^ but soon abandoned the ministry, having 1 Ten pounds each for "sixty settlers," was afterwards styled the "three hundred amounted to six hundred pounds, one pounds," or the " ten pounds," until the half of which sum was expended before matter was fully settled, March 7, 1747-8. September 7, 1738, and the remainder, ^^ " The first preaching in this place was which was a fruitful source of diflSculty probably in the month of May, 1736. between the settlers and the proprietors, On the 16"^ of June, of that year, Mr. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. 175 never been ordained. He was son of Joseph, and grandson of Rev. James Keith of Bridgewater, born in 1707, grad. H. C. 1729, and, after a brief service in the pulpit, returned to his native town, and devoted himself to agriculture. He was ap- pointed justice of the peace in 1762, and died about 1781. Rev. David White seems to have commenced preaching as a candidate for settlement about July, 1736. At a meeting April 4, 1737, it was " voted that the sum of twenty-eight pounds and sixteen shillings be raised, to pay Mr. David White for his ser- vice in the ministry, for his victualling and horse-keeping, for the quarter of a year before his ordination ; " also " that the year wherein Mr. White's salary be paid begin the first of October." Also voted, " that the sum of fifty pounds be raised for the Rev. Mr. White, for his half year salary, beginning October the first Anno Dom. 1736." A permanent arrangement of the salary was made March 6, 1737-8, when it was voted " that the town give the Rev. Mr. David White for his yearly salary one hundred pounds per year, for five years successively, beginning at the first of Oct. Anno Domini 1736 ; and a further sum and sums from year to year for ten years next coming, namely, one hundred and five pounds to be paid at the expiration of the [ ^ ] year, from the aforesaid first of Oct. 1736 ; and to increase the said sum, five pounds a year, yearly, until his yearly and stated salary shall come to one hundred and fifty pounds : and that sum, namely, one hundred and fifty pounds to be paid him yearly during his continuance in the work of the Gospel ministry in this place ; and the said sum of money to be paid in the common currency of this Province, at the rate and in the proportion that Bills of Credit are now valued with silver money, namely, reckon- ing twenty-seven ^ shillings in Bills equal to one ounce of silver." Soon after the commencement of Mr. White's labors, a church was organized in Hard wick (then called Lambstown), and on the same day he was ordained to the work of the ministry. These solemnities, together with the preliminary proceedings, are duly entered upon " The Church Record ; " to wit : — " Lambstown, Oct. 20, 1736. The members of other churches, living in Lambstown, met together and concluded upon the fol- lowing particulars respecting Church Government, viz : Ephraira Keith was paid fifty shillings a 22, 1746, when it was " voted to allow Mr. day for three days preaching past." Will- David White's salary to be at thirty-six son's Address at Petersham, July 4, 1854, shillings per ounce for the present year." p. 29. At a later day the salary was reduced to ^ Record mutilated. one hundred pounds per annum, exclusive ^ A modification was made September of the income of the ministerial land. 176 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. " 1. That there should be no relation required of those that are received into the church. " 2. That after the minister has taken an account of the knowledge and faith of those that have a desire to come into the church, and is well satisfied therewith, that they shall be received into full communion in the church upon their making a public confession of their faith. " 3. That the power of calling church meetings lay in the power of the minister. " 4. That jNIessi, Christopher Paige and George Abbot should sign letters missive to the Pastor and Delegates of several churches, to gather a church in Lambstown and ordain Mr. David White Pastor thereof. " November y° 17**^ 1736. A Church was gathered and im- bodied in Lambstown, and the members of the church publicly invited and chose Mr. David White to be their pastor. Accord- ingly, the same day, the said Mr. David White was ordained Pastor of the Church of Christ in Lambstown ^ by prayer and laying on of hands of the Presbytery. " The names of the men that solemnly entered into a church state in Lambstown, that before were members of other churches : — Christopher Paige, George Abbot, Thomas Perry, Joseph Allen, John Wells, John Kidder, Richard Church. The names of the men that entered into a chui'ch in Lambstown, which before were not members in full communion in other churches, but were then received into the church: — Eleazar Warner, Nathan Carpenter, Experience Johnson, Samuel Robinson, Samuel Gillet.^ " Dec. y'^ 3^ 1736. The Church of Christ in Lambstown met together, and after a unanimous vote to choose two men to the ottice of Deacons in said church, Mr. Christopher Paige and Mr. Joseph Allen were chosen to the office of Deacons, by a majority of the votes of the church. 1 The names of the Ordaining Council pears by the moderator, Mr. William are not recorded ; but the moderator was Williams), to him his heirs and assigns Rev. William Williams, probably pastor forever." of the church in Hatfield, where Mr. 2 Whether it were the usual custom, at White was born. The Proprietors voted, that period, to exchule females from par- June 29, 1737, "that the two hundred ticipating in the organization of a church, acres of land, laid out by Mr. Timothy or not, it is certain that several women Kuggles and Mr. Christopher Paige to were here at tliis time, who did not be- the first settled minister, be settled on come members until two or three months and recorded to the Reverend Mr. David later, although they were members of White, now their settled minister (as ap- other churches, in good standing. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. 177 " Oct. y^ 9''^ 1737. The Church voted, that no person living in Lambstown, formerly belonging to another church, shall have liberty to partake of the sacrament of the Lord's Supper without a letter of recommendation, after they have had a sufficient time to get one, without a good and sufficient reason why they have not done it." ^ Having organized a church, and settled a pastor with a fixed salary, it became necessary to devise ways and means for the regular payment of that salary. By a vote of the Proprietors, February 22, 1732-3, each settler was bound to pay fifteen shillings per year, " to help pay a minister for preaching the gospel," and each of the twelve proprietors was pledged to con- tribute four pounds for the same purpose. But these several sums, namely : forty-eight pounds by the proprietors, and forty- five pounds by the sixty settlers, amounted to no more than ninety-three pounds, while the salary promised was one hundred pounds, with a prospective increase to one hundred and fifty pounds. At the present time, such a small deficiency may seem scarcely worthy of notice ; but in the " day of small things," it was a matter of great importance to the pioneers. The settlers, not yet fully incorporated as a town, had no power to tax the unimproved lands, and the proprietors did not impose such a tax. Indeed, it would seem that they discontinued their annual contribution of forty-eight pounds, after partial town privileges were granted to the inhabitants.^ The burden was heavy, and an appeal was made to the General Court for authority to tax all the land in the township, whether imj)roved or not, and whether owned by resident or non-resident proprietors; also for incorpo- ration as a town, with full authority to raise money for all lawful purposes, by taxation. The Court records do not indicate whether the petition for liberty to impose a tax was granted, or rejected ; but it is certain that the proprietors secured a delay of incorporation for one year. The inhabitants became impatient ; and at two meetings, October 19, and November 2, 1738, resolved on another effort for incorporation, and liberty to tax the lands of all proprietors. Their agent, Mr. Christopher Paige, presented their petition December 8, 1738. A committee of the proprie- tors remonstrated. But on the 15th day of the same month the 1 Thus far, I have copied the Church with the committee which was empowered Record in full. to sell land for the payment of the three ■•^ The town appointed a committee, forty-eight pounds towards the support o^ November 6, 1741, "to adjust accounts the minister in this town." 12 178 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. petition was granted ; a tax of three half pence per acre on all the land in the township was authorized to be assessed annually for three years, to be applied " one half thereof to the Reverend Minister there for his better encouragement and more comfort- able support, the residue for building and finishing a handsome Meeting-house, for the better accommodating the inhabitants in attending the public worship of God;" and the agent was em- powered to bring in a bill for the incorporation of the township. This bill, having passed both Houses, received the Governor's approval, January 10, 1739. It does not appear from the Records when the first meeting- house was erected ; but the inhabitants held a meeting in it February 9, 1736-7. It was probably not vei'y large or elegant. The bills allowed for materials and labor appear to have been less than fifty pounds. It was not entirely finished until after August 8, 1738, when it was " voted that the town will finish shingling the old meeting-house, and finish the seats, and make forms as shall be needed, and build the minister's pew." ^ Its size and value may be estimated by the fact that the town voted, March 1, 1742-8, to dispose of it " at a vendue, and accordingly sold it to James Robinson for sixteen pounds, old tenor." This first meeting-house was erected on the " ten acres " originally devoted to public use, and probably stood on the easterly side of the old road, long ago discontinued, running southerly from the present residence of Mr. John W. Paige, nearly parallel with the turnpike, to the road to Ware. It is not unlikely that the pre- cise spot was about midway between the two points last indicated, at the northwest corner of the "ten acres," the spot which was afterwards given by the proprietors, for a similar use, to " those people called the separate Society in Hardwick." ^ Wherever this house stood, like those generally ei'ected by 1 The town had voted, January 16, tion I do not remember. I consulted 1737-8, to " build a new meeiing-house; " several of the " oldest inhabitants," more but the controversy concerning its loca- than forty years ago, and gathered from tion was so sharp, that it was not erected them much traditional lore ; but in this until more than three years after that case I was misinformed. The town voted date. July 29, 1740, to "set the meeting-house 2 In my address at the Centennial on the ten acres, on which the old meet- Celebration in 18.38, it was stated that ing-house stands." But the present Com- this meeting-house " stood on the Com- mon was not a part of the " ten acres " mon, about midway between the two as has already been stated. The old present meeting-houses;" and that the meeting-house, therefore, did not stand on new house, erected in 1741, was " placed the present Common, but probably about within ten feet of the old one," pp. 19- half a mile northwesterly from it, near 21. From whom I received this tradi- the summit of the hill. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. 179 pioneers it was small and inconvenient, designed only for tempo- rary use ; moreover its location was unsatisfactory. Accordingly it was voted, January 16, 1737-8, " that the town will build a new meeting-house : that said meeting-house be built fifty feet long, and forty feet wide, and twenty-two feet between joints, and set two feet from the ground : that Joseph Allen, John Wells, Christopher Paige, Benjamin Smith, and Benjamin Rug- gles, be a committee to see to the building or letting out said frame, and finish the outside, and glaze the same with square glass set in wood, according to their discretion." A week later, under a warrant " to see whether the town will choose a man to go down to the Proprietors' Committee to see whether they have power to dispose of the three hundred pounds that was voted to build the meeting-house," and for other purposes, it was voted January 23, 1737-8, " that Deacon Christopher Paige be chosen to carry a letter to the Proprietors' Committee, and to bring an answer back : — that the new meeting-house be raised by the first of July next, provided the three hundred pounds come from the Proprietors : — that the meeting-house be set on " Gamblin's Lot,^ on the east side of the Great Meadow Brook." At the next meeting of the Proprietors, September 7, 1738, it was " Voted, that the Proprietors are willing that a new meeting- house be built, provided it be set on the spot of land already agreed upon by the Proprietors and settlers:^ and that a com- mittee be chosen out of the Proprietors to join with the committee that the settlers shall choose, to agree upon the dimensions of the house, and otiier things necessary in order to effect the building a convenient house for the public worship of God there : and that the remaining part of the six hundred pounds, which is three hundred, formerly agi'eed upon by the Proprietors, to be for the building a meeting-house, be applied to that use and no other whatsoever." The town appointed a committee, October 2, 1738, "to join with the Proprietors' committee, to agree upon the di- mensions of the meeting-house," etc., and another committee 1 " Gambliu's Lot," on the easterly pect in every direction, and was a more road to Gilbertville, about a mile south- eligible site for a meeting-house than that easterly from the Common and marked which was finally selected, except that it "J. Marsh" on the R. map, was after- was not so near the centre of the town- wards the homestead of Timothy Paige, ship. Esq., and is now owned by Mr. E. L. B. 2 What action was had by the proprie- Wesson. Like the northwesterly corner tors in the subsequent controversy does of the "ten acres," where the first meet- not appear, as their records from Septcm- ing-house probably stood, on the brow of ber 7, 1738, to April 6, 1743, have beea a hill, it commanded an extensive pros- destroyed. 180 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. November 2, 1738, " to agree with the Proprietors' committee upon things necessary in order to effect the building of a conven- ient meeting-house in Lambstown ; and that the said committee may give to the Proprietors a discharge from building said meet- ing-house, upon their giving good security to the town of Lambs- town for the payment of the three hundred pounds appropriated for the building of the aforesaid meeting-house." The vote, adopted January 23, 1737-8, "that the meeting- house be set on Gamblin's Lot," occasioned a sharp controversy between the east and the west sections of the town, which con- tinued two years and a half, until a compromise was effected by abandoning both the "ten acres " and the Gamblin Lot, and placing the house on the present Common. The violence of the contest, and the extreme measures adopted by one of the parties for the accomplishment of its favorite purpose, distinctly appears in the proceedings of a town-meeting, held in June 1739, under a warrant, " (1.) To see whether the town is willing and ready to set off the west part of the town, beginning at Rutland ^ Corner, and so to run a straight line to Muddy Brook, where the road runs over said Brook to go to Quoben ;^ — and then to run by said Brook to the south line of the town ; and said land to be laid to Quoben. (2.) To see whether the town will choose a committee to go down to Boston, to treat with Quoben Com- mittee on the affair," — it was " Voted, That the town is willing and ready to set off the land on the west side of Muddy Brook, and said land to be laid to Quoben: — that Benjamin Smith, Constant Merrick, Cornelius Cannon be a committee chosen to go down to Boston, to treat with Quoben Committee, or the Rev. Mr. Timothy Ruggles and John Foster Esq., on the affair : that the committee shall have but one man's pay for going to Boston aforesaid. Note. That Samuel Robinson hath entered his detest against the first and second articles in the warrant. Note. That David Sabin hath entered his detest against the first and second articles in the warrant. Note. That John Wells hath entered his detest against sending a committee to Boston. Note. That Experience Johnson hath entered his detest against sending a committee to Boston. Note. That Phinehas Powers hath en- tered his detest against sending down a committee to Boston." The proposition to " set off the west joart of the town " to Quo- ben was persistently opposed and finally defeated. After wrang- ling for somewhat more than a year longer, the former decision 1 Rutland "West Wing, now Barre. 2 Or Quol)biu, now Greenwich. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. 181 was reversed, and the majority voted, July 29, 1740, " that they will set the meeting-house ou the ten acres on which the old meeting-house stands : — that whereas this town have stated a place to set the new meeting-house on, which will accommodate that part of the town next to Quoben as well as other parts of the town, that the vote that was passed in this town the last year, whereby they signified that they were ready and willing to have a part of this town set off to Quoben, be void and of none effect." But this did not end the difficulty. The inhabitants of the east part of the town, though temporarily in the minority, made such a sturdy and formidable resistance, that it was not consid- ered prudent to carry the last vote into execution. Accordingly another meeting was held, December 15, 1740, when it was voted " that they will choose a committee ^ to state a place where the meeting-house shall be set in this town, and that their judgement be a final determination of the affair: — Chose Capt. Josiah Con- vers, Mr. Elisha Rice, Mr. Noah Ashley, committee : — that all former committees about building the meeting-house in this town be dismissed : — chose Capt. Joseph Allen, Mr. Constant Mer- rick, John Foster, a committee : — that the committee last chosen shall have the care of building a meeting-house in this town, or to join with the original Proprietors' committee on the affair ; and to purchase or otherwise provide land to set said meeting- house on ; and that they forthwith proceed to get timber cut and lined, and proceed to have said house framed, and raised, and as far finished as the money will go that the settlers is to pay, and all the money raised or to be raised by the land tax, and to let it out if they shall think best : . . . Chose Mr. Eleazar Warner, Mr. John Wells,^ to wait on the committee to state a place to set a meeting-house on, and to go or send to them, to desire them to come to state a place to set the meeting-house on." The commit- tee seem to have selected a spot near the centre of the present Common, instead of the " ten acres " otherwise disposed of, by the sale of nine and a half acres, and the gift of half an acre to the " Separate Society." The erection of the long desired edifice during the ensuing year is indicated by a vote, November 23, 1741, to pay Samuel Robinson for rum and other refreshments, furnished at the " raising of the new meeting-house." The house was not finished, however, until several years later, though it was ^ " Not belongin<^ to this town," as ex- - " Two men, one at each end of the pressed in the warrant. town," as stated in the warrant. 182 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. made habitable. The proprietors did not promptly enforce the payment of the " three hundred pounds," and it was not easy to raise the funds necessary to complete the work.^ When the town was ready to abandon and sell the old house, and did sell it, March 1, 1742-3, the third article in the warrant, " to see if the town will raise money ... to build the pulpit and minister's pew, and body of seats," was passed over without action. The house seems to have been merely a shell at that time. Three years later, February 25, 1745-6, a settlement was made with the committee, by which it appeared that they had thus far ex- pended £409. 9. 3. in the erection of the house ; they had re- ceived of " money raised by the land-tax, £110. 1. 2. ; and of the ten pounds they have received £243. 0. 0. ; " in all £353. 1. 2. To meet the deficiency of £56. 8. 1., there was an uncollected balance of the land-tax £54. 18. 10., and of the ten pounds not yet gathered £57. 0. 0., in all £111. 18. 10, The account was not fully settled until December 23, 1747. Even then the house remained in an unfinished state ; for two years later, December 25, 1749, it was " voted that the town will finish the meeting- house : — voted that they will finish it by plastering it ; " and £300. 0. 0. was granted to Christopher Paige and Joseph Allen, to finish the inside of the house. This work seems to have been accomplished before August 29, 1750, when it was voted to seat the people anew, " the highest payers in the highest seats, having respect to age and other qualifications, except such as have pews in the meeting-house." The house contained a few pews ; but the larger part of it, as was then customary, was occu[)ied by long seats, called " the body of seats," for males on one side of the centre aisle, and for females on the other. Besides these, it seems several chairs were used ; for it was voted, March 4, 1750-1, " that the chairs standing in the alleys be ordered into the place left behind the women seats, and to stand nowhere else." One more notice closes my account of this meeting-house : it was voted, IMarch 4, 1754, " that the town refuse to let the young 1 It had not yet become fashionable to manifest in their action at a town meeting contract enormous debts for the erection August 14, 1741, "during Mr. White's of meeting-houses, and tlie pioneers wise- indisposition," when it was " Voted, to ly avoided that folly. Indeed they sub- hire a minister to preach in this town for mitted to great discomfort, occupying un- two months, if the town shall need so finished houses which furnished scant long : — voted to choose a man to go to protection in inclement weather, in jjref- Mr. Friuk, and see if he can hire him for ereuce to assuming an indebtedness a reasonable price : and if not, to hire an- which might prove burdensome. Their othei-, — the best he can and cheapest." perhaps extreme caution in this regard is ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. 183 men that have built n, seat in the women's side galleries to have it there: voted, that the same persons have liberty to build their seat on the men's side gallery." This long controversy in regard to the place of ])ublic worship must have grieved the heart of Rev. Mr. White, Avho was emi- nently a man of peace ; but he probably lamented even more bitterly certain dissensions in the church itself, which sadly dis- turbed its harmony and prosperity, and which culminated in the resignation of two of its deacons in 1749. " The Church of Christ in Hardwick met together," September 9, 1747, " to hear and consider Deacon Christopher Paige's reasons for absenting him- self from the public worship and ordinances of God." After due consideration, the church voted that his reasons did not furnish a satisfactory excuse, and accordingly laid hira " under censure," and suspended him " from the sacrament of the Lord's Supper." Unwilling to cast off utterly a brother, who was not only their first elected deacon, but also one of the most active and honored citizens of the town, before proceeding to extremities the church voted. May 24, 1748, " that the Rev. Mr. Edwards, of Northamp- ton, Mr. Billings, of Coldspring,i Mr. Abercrombie, of Pelliam, Mr. Whitney, of Nitchawagg,^ be applied to, to come to Hard- wick and give their advice in the case that is between the church and Deacon Paige." The council assembled and gave advice ; but the proceedings do not appear on record. " At a church meeting in Hardwick, December y*' 20"\ 1748, voted, that the church comply and fall in with the advice of the Rev. Ministers on the 29^^^ day of June last, in the case depending between the church and Deacon Christopher Paige. Upon which it was pro- posed to Deacon Paige whether he would comply with the said advice, and he declared that he would not comply with the sub- stance of it. Upon which declaration, the church voted, that Deacon Christopher Paige be proceeded with, by giving him the second admonition." Nothing further in regard to this case ap- pears on record until April 13, 1749, when "Deacon Paige's desire of laying down the office of deacon was mentioned to the church, and the major part thereof complied with and gratified him in his desire, and dismissed him from said office of deacon." The cause of this controversy between the church and its senior deacon does not appear on record, nor has it been pre- served even by tradition. On the one hand, we cannot well sup- pose it to have been of a trivial character, as it involved such 1 Now Belchertown. 2 Kqw Petersham. 184 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. serious results. On the other, there is no evidence of aggravated guilt on either side. The council which met June 29, 1748, either exonerated the church from blame, or administered so slight a rebuke and required so little concession, that it was voted, December 28, 1748, "that the church comply and fall in with the advice of the Rev. Ministers." And although Deacon Paige " declared that he would not comply with the substance of it," he evidently had not forfeited his good name as a Christian and as a trustworthy citizen : — at the first town-meeting after the deci- sion of the council he was elected moderator, selectman, and as- sessor, to which offices he was reelected the next year, after he had resigned the office of deacon ; and the church in Petersham, whose pastor had been a member of the advising council and fully understood the merits or demerits of the whole case, admit- ted him to fellowship in full communion. Whereupon, " At a church meeting in Hard wick, May y^ 20^^^, 1752, Voted (1.) To send to the church in Nichawaug, to signify to them that we look upon their conduct in receiving Deacon Christopher Paige into their church to be irregular, and matter of just offence, and to desire a brotherly conference with them, to make up the differ- ence. (2.) Voted, that Mr. White, Deacon Freeman, Deacon Allen, Deacon Cooper, Nathaniel Whitcomb, Lieut. Merrick, and Ensign Warner, undertake this business as a committee. The said committee are empowered by the church to make up the whole difference with the church at Nichawaug respecting their receiving Deacon Paige, if they can agree ; if not, to propose to them to join with us in the choice of a council to advise in the matter." What response was made by the Petersham church does not appear. So far as the Hardwick records show, the whole matter rested for nearly twent}' years, until June 21, 1770, when it was voted "that this church do overlook what the church of Christ in Petersham formerly did relative to Deacon Christopher Paige, and are now in charitj^ with said church." This was a substantial acknowledgment that no good reason existed why he should be debarred from Christian privileges. Troubles seldom come singly. " At a church meeting in Hard- wick March y« 2^ 1748 (1748-9) Deacon Samuel Robinson de- sired the church that he might lay down his office of deacon in said church ; which desire the church complied with." ^ Like 1 No record is found of any election to March 1, 1746-7, he was called simply fill the vacancy occasioned by the resig- "John Cooper;" but when his wife was nation of two deacons ; but the election of admitted, July 9, 1751, she was styled John Cooper is distinctly indicated by the " wife of Deacon John Cooper." fact that, on his admission to the church, ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. 185 his senior in office, Deacon Robinson was an active and energetic leader in public affairs, and his secession tended to weaken the church, through its effect on many of its members. He lield office a short time. " April y*' 30"\ 1746. At a church meeting in Hardwick, Samuel Robinson was chosen to the office of a dea- con in said church, by a majority of the members ; which office he afterwards accepted." His delay, if not actual hesitancy, in accepting the office probably foreshadowed his reason for resign- ing it so soon. About this time an extraordinary wave of relig- ious excitement passed over New England and engulfed many churches. The controversy waxed so sharp and bitter that many withdrew from the established churches, and were thenceforth styled " New Lights," or more generally " Separates," of whom more will be said in another place. In this movement Deacon Robinson was early interested, and became a prominent leader. He felt constrained, therefore, to " lay down his office." It does not appear that there was any other cause for his resignation. The church afterwards called him and several of his associates to account, and censured them for withdrawing " from the public worship of God at the meeting-house in Hardwick ; " but there is no evidence that any of them were excommunicated from the church for that offence.^ For the next thirty years the records indicate almost uninter- rupted peace and harmony in the church. Few cases of disci- pline are mentioned, and these of such a nature that the offend- ers were forgiven, and " admitted to former privileges." A change was made in regard to the psalms and hymns proper to be sung, and to the manner of singing them. " March 10, 1765. It being moved to the church after public exercise on the Sabbath, whether Messieurs Tate and Brady's version of the Psalms should be sung in the public worship of God, — voted in the affirmative." ^ " At a church meeting held in Hardwick at the meeting-house, June 21, 1770, voted, with respect to the pres- ent method of singing in public woi'ship, that one half of the por- tion that shall be sung shall be read, line by line, as has been the former practice in this Congregation, sung in some old tune ; that ^ There is no record of excommunica- March 7, 1791, "that Doct. Watts' Psalms tion, for any cause whatever, during Mr. and Hymns be introduced to be sung in White's ministry. this town, in the room of Tate's and Era- 2 President Dunster's revision of the dy's; and that they are to begin to be Bay Psalm Book had probably been in sung in the congregation within three use up to this time. Tate and Brady's months." Various changes have been version was used, until the town voted, made more recently. 186 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. tlie other half shall be sung without being thus read in some new tune ; that the psalm or hymn that shall be appointed to be sung at the Communion Table shall be read, line by line, and sung in some old tune, so called." The change, thus partially made, be- came entire at a later period ; but it was exceedingly disagreeable to many, and of some it is said they would leave the meeting- house while psalms or hymns were sung without having been read, line by line, and return after this offensive exercise was con- cluded.^ About this time two deacons were elected : November 9, 1769, " Capt. William Paige was chosen to the office of deacon, by a great majority of votes," probably in the place of Deacon John Cooper, who seems to have died, or removed a few months previ- ously ; and April 28, 1774, " Mr. John Bradish was chosen to be a deacon in said church, by a majority of votes." Soon aftei'- wards, however, danger of losing an important officer appeared in an unexpected quai'ter. The senior surviving deacon was so much exercised in spirit by the shortcomings of his brethren, that he absented himself from the Lord's Supper, and in rendering reasons for so doing, preferred grave charges against the church in general, and one of its members in particular. The proceed- ings are recorded under date of February 1, 1779 : " Deacon Jo- seph Allen having withdrew himself from the sacrament of the Lord's Supper, he gave in his reasons in writing to the Reverend Pastor, Mr. White, which are these : (L) The young people walking disorderly on the Sabbath, both in time of public wor- ship and in the intermission season. (2.) The youth frequently gathering in set frolics at a public house, and carrying them on with music and dancing, both males and females, and many of them using profane language. (3.) That he suspected that there were some in this town that had owned the baptismal covenant, and promised publicly that they would perform the duties of it, yet that they w^alked disorderly, and neglected family prayer. (4.) That there were some in full communion in this church, that absented themselves from the sacrament of the Lord's Supper, 1 While I would not williugly return the sanctuary during an exhibition of to the old method of alternate reading vocal gymnastics, when fashionable opera- and singing of hymns, " line by line," yet music, dramatically rendered by profes- I confess my deep sympathy with these sional artists, was substituted for the un- old saints in what many will regai'd as ostentatious singing of " psalms, and their unreasonable prejudice as to the hymns, and spiritual songs," by a volun- manner of conducting jjublic worship. I tary choir or by a Christian congrega- have often been sorely tempted to leave tion. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. 187 and also neglected public worship, and yet were not called to give the reasons of their neglect of these ordinances. (5.) The special reason why he withdrew at that time was the conduct of a Brother, viz., Thomas Robinson, at the last church meeting and the town-meeting following, which appeared to him not of a piece, not in the simplicity of the gospel, not agreeable to the Scripture. " The church were regularly called and assembled together to hear Deacon Allen's reasons, at the meeting-honse in Hard wick, on Wednesday, Feb. 24, 1779, and after a consideration of the abovementioned matters of grievance, came into the following resolves : — Article 1. Young people walking disorderly on the Sabbath ; resolved, that the March meeting being near at hand, when tyding-men ^ and wardens are to be chosen for the year, whose special business it is to inspect and prevent all disorder on the Sabbath, this affair is submitted to and left with them, as their proper business. Article 2. As to young people gathering together in set frolics, especially at a public house, resolved, that we will every one of us here present, that are heads of families, take all proper care that the youth under our care and charge, to prevent them from running into these frolics, and acting any part in them. Article 3. As to those persons that are called half- members ^ &c., resolved, that we will keep a watch over them, ac- cording to our solemn promise when we received [them] into their present standing in the church ; that we will reprove them when we see them walk disorderly, and encourage them to the practice of virtue and piety by our counsels and our good practice. Article 4. That there were some persons in full communion in this church that absented themselves from the public worship of God and the sacrament of the Lord's Supper ; two persons were named in particular ; resolved, that (these persons not being present) the Rev. Mr. White shall send to them, to know their reasons of their neglect of these holy ordinances, and when ob- tained of them he lay them before the church to consider whether [the] reasons are a sufficient excuse or not. Article 5. The special reason given why he withdrew himself at that time was the conduct of a Brother, viz., Thomas Robinson, &c. The church having considered and weighed this matter, some few of the church voted that said Robinson his chano-iniT the side that be first held with was an evidence that he had changed his mind ; 1 Tything-men. to participate in the Lord's Supper ; or 2 Those who had taken the " half-way such as the record describes as " received covenant," in order that their children into the covenant, and under the watch might be baptized, but were not qualified and government of the church." 188 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. but the majority of the church thought that the matter did not belong to them to determine, and therefore declined voting any- way ; and tlins the matter was left respecting Deacon Allen and Thomas Robinson, and no farther determination or [illegible] upon it." ^ It would seem that the meeting-house erected about 1741 proved unsatisfactory, and in little more than a quarter of a century, preparations were made for the erection of a new one, equal if not superior in size and magnificence to any church edi- fice in the county. September 7, 1767, "Voted that the town will build a meeting-house in Hardwick for public worship. Voted, that they will set said house (if they can purchase the land) in the field at the north end of the burying place, occupied by Mr. Asa Hatch." This field contained somewhat more than one acre and three quarters of land, and was owned by John Rowe, Esq., of Boston, who conveyed it to the town for <£6. 13. 4. by deed dated May 30, 1768.^ Without waiting for the execution of the deed, the town proceeded at once to make arrangements for the erection of the house, and on the 21st of October accepted the report of a committee previously appointed: "The committee have heard the proposals of Deac. Joseph Allen and Mr. Joseph Safford, who are willing and ready to undertake the building of said house, and finish it in a workmanlike manner, only for the benefit of the money they can raise by the sale of the pews agree- able to a plan herewith humbly laid before the town for their consideration. Tim" Ruggles, in the name of the committee." "Voted that the town will choose a committee to contract with Deac. Joseph Allen and Mr. Joseph Safford to build a meeting- house, as mentioned in the report of the former committee.^ Voted that Mr. Daniel Oliver, Brig' Ruggles, Capt. Mandell, Deac. Fay,^ and Capt. Paige, be the committee. Voted, to build a steeple to said house, and that the town pay what said steeple shall cost more than a convenient porch for stairs into the galler- ies." May 16, 1768, " Voted the sum of £66. 13. 4. to the un- 1 I have somewhat anticipated the reg- turning at right angles, and running east- ular succession of events, in order to erly 13 rods; there turning at right an- group together all the recorded difficulties gles, and running southerly 22 rods ; there between the church and its deacons dur- turning at right angles, and running ing Mr. White's pastorate. westerly, by the burying place, 13 rods to - The description is "one acre, three the bounds first mentioned." Worcester quarters, and six rods of land, lying in Deeds, lix. 113. said Hardwick, adjoining to the public ^ The " undertakers" are said to have burying-place there, bounded as followeth : lost money. beginning at the northerly corner of said * James Fay was deacon of the " Sepa- burying-place, and from thence running rate Church " until it removed bodily to northerly, by the road, 22 rods; then Bennington, Vt., in 1761. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. 189 derttikers of the meeting-house, to enable them to proceed in building a steeple to said house." May 18, 1769, " Voted to raise £120 lawful money, to enable the undertakers to finish the steeple, besides what has already been voted," and " to choose a committee to treat with the undertakers, in oi'der that they be obliged to finish the steeple for the above price." October 19, 1769, under a warrant " to see if the town will allow the un- dertakers of the meeting-house to build a pew in the steeple above the west gallery," it was " voted, to shut up the place in the steeple, over the west gallery, which was proposed for a pew." October 27, 1769, "Voted to grant the undertakers of the meet- ing-house the privilege of building a pew over the west gallery, providing they make it tight and close ; and the town reserved the privilege of having an officer to set in the pew, to oversee the boys."^ The house was finished probably not long before De- cember 31, 1770, at which date it was " voted to choose a com- mittee to seat the meeting-house ^ and that said committee con- sist of five persons ; and made choice of Capt. William Paige, Lieut. Roland Sears, Deac. Joseph Allen, Capt. Constant My- rick, and Paul Mandell for said committee; and they to seat each person according to age and pay to the last year's valuation or invoice. Voted, that the front seats in the gallery be appropri- ated to the use of the men. The question was put, whether the town would grant the seats on the side galleries next the front gallery for the use of the men and women singers, and it passed in the negative.^ Voted, that the town will purchase the pew, the west side the pulpit stairs, for the use of the minister's fam- ily for the time being, viz., to be kept by the town as a ministry ^ The apprehensions expressed in this for the singers, and what room necessary vote were not altogether uufonnded. The for that purpose, rei)orted as follows: pew was so high above the general level that they thought it would be proper to that its occupants were screened from ob- appropriate the west division of the front servation. According to my recollection, seat and the first and second seats in the seventy years ago, an officer to "oversee division of the side gallery next adjoining, the boys " was more needed there than in for said purpose ; and the town accepted any other part of the house. of the above report." Subsequently the '^ A " Body of Scats " was originally east division of the front seat and the ad- coustructed, seven on each side of the joining side gallery were substituted, and centre aisle, for the use respectively of the became a permanent location ; and dur- meu and women, who were not otherwise ing the first quarter of the present cen- provided for, and who were " seated " by tury, it may be doubted whether better committees duly appointed. church music, both vocal and instrumen- * The " method of singing in public tal, was heard in the county, than that worship " had not then been changed. A which was rendered by the voluntary convenient place was assigned February choir who entered into that court with 1, 1779: " Tlie committee appointed to thanksgiving, consider what seats would be convenient 190 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. pew, at X26. 13. 4., being the sum set on the same b^'^ Deac. Jo- seph Allen and Joseph Safford, undertakers for building the meeting-house." August 19, 1771, under a warrant, " to see if the town would purchase the pew adjoining the pulpit, there not appearing persons as was proposed to purchase the same," it was voted, to buy the pew adjoining the pulpit,^ and to keep it for their own use. " Voted, to give the undertakers of the meet- ing-house X20. lawful money, for said pew." As a proper adjunct to the temple for worship, the town voted. May 18, 1772, " to al- low Deac. Joseph Allen 10- 8'^ for making the stocks." Having completed the house, of which our ancestors were justly proud (for it was then one of the most elegant in the county), they took some measures for its preservation, which their less hardy descendants might not altogether approve. They voted, March 2, 1772, " that there be no stows carried into the new Meeting-house ^ with fire in them." How long this pro- hibition was enforced, I know not. It is certain, however, that foot-stoves were generally used in the house more than seventy years ago. But the larger stoves, designed to make the whole house comfortable, were not introduced until within the last fifty or sixty years. At the present day, it would be regarded as a painful sacrifice of bodily comfort, to sit in the midst of winter, without any fire in the house, to listen to a sermon one or two hours long, and other services of corresponding length ; but the men who were preparing, and prepared, to march barefooted in the snow, and lodge on the cold ground, in defence of their liberties, could easily undergo such a slight inconvenience. These were apparently the golden days of Mr. White ; but they were soon overshadowed. The political excitement preced- ing and during the Revolutionary War so entirely engrossed public attention, that the church became comparatively inactive. For several years before 1779, scarcely any action directly affect- ing the interests of the church can be gleaned from the records of either the church or the town, in addition to what has al- ready been mentioned. In 1779 the bodily infirmities of Mr. ^ Tliis pew was in front of the pulpit, tion of the Lord's Supper. It was also and behind the deacon's seat. Several occupied by the moderator, selectmen, aged men occupied it, within my recollec- and town clerk, at town-meetings, un- tion, supposing they could hear the til the town house was erected, preacher more distinctly there than else- ^ The old meeting-house was sold, where ; and hence probably it derived its March 2, 1772, at auction, for £44, to be amiliar name of " Deaf Pew." It was removed within three months, used by the pastor, during the celebra- ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. 191 White, indicated by the employment of an assistant for two months, in 1741, before mentioned, seem to have increased to such an extent that the settlement of a colleague was consid- ered desirable. Contraiy to the usual custom, the town took the lead, and at a regular meeting, January 25, 1779, requested the church to unite with the town in giving a call to Mr. Joel Fos- ter.^ "Feb. 1,1779. The church . . . being regularly called and assembled together at the meeting-house, to know the minds of the members of the church respecting giving a call to Mr. Joel Foster, to settle in the work of the ministry in said town, as a colleague with the Rev. Mr. White ; the vote being put, there appeared thirteen members that were desirous of giving Mr. Joel Foster a call as above, and sixteen appeared against." The town was unwilling to yield the point entirely, and on the same day (February 1, 1779), voted, " to appl}' to Mr. Joel Foster, to preach the gospel in this town for a number of Sabbaths, and chose a committee for that purpose, viz., Joiiathan Warner, Timothy Paige, Timothy Newton." The effort to obtain this manifestly favorite preacher was in vain, and he was soon ordained at New Salem. After this date, only two votes of the church appear on record during the ministry of Mr. White, the former of which, by the indefiniteness of its conclusion, in- dicates some failure of his mental energy : " July 5, 1781. The church regularly called and met at the meeting-house ; this thing was proposed : (1) Whether it be the mind of the church that all baptized are visible members of the church, and under the special cai-e and watch of it ; voted in the affirmative : (2) If it be the mind of this church that the baptized persons under the care of this church, that are arrived to years of discretion, be called upon to see whether they own their baptismal vow or not ; voted in the affirmative. Agreeable to the above vote, in a con- venient time, it was moved in the congregation that all that was willing to comply with the above vote, by owning their baptismal vows, would show their consent by standing up ; and a great number did, — too many to set down their names." The last ^ Eev. Joel Foster, son of Nathan talents, and was specially gifted in Foster, was born at Stafford, Conn., prayer." 2 Mass. Hist. Coll., iv- 62. He April 8, 1755, grad. D. C. 1777, was or- was brother to Eev. Daniel Foster, who dallied at New Salem, June 9, 1779, dis- was born at Stafford, in 1751, grad. missed for lack of competent support, D. C. 1777, was ordained at New Brain- January 21, 1802, and installed at P:ast tree, October 29, 1778, as colleague with Sudbury (now Wayland), September 7, Rev. Benjamin Rugglcs, and died in 1803, where he died in office, September office, September 4, 1795. 25, 1812. " He possessed excellent pulpit 192 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. vote recorded by Mr. White bad reference to the employment of an assistant in his labor : " May 13, 1782. At a church meeting regularly called and met in the meeting-house, it was put to vote whether they would invite Mr. Josiah Spaulden ^ to preach any more with us ; and it passed in the affirmative by a very great majority." Although the ministry of Mr. Spalding did not re- sult in his permanent settlement, it did produce a profound im- pression on the church and congregation. It does not appear at what precise date he commenced or ended his labor here ; ^ but he was actively engaged May 13, 1782, and was then desired to continue ; and the records show that during the eight months from December 30, 1781 to August 25, 1782, ninety-one persons were admitted to the church by profession, — a larger number than had been thus admitted during the preceding twenty years.^ Rev. David White, son of Deacon John and Mrs. Hannah (Wells) White, was born at Hatfield, July 1, 1710 (see Gene- alogies). He grad. Y. C. 1730, was ordained pastor of the first church in Hardwick on the day of its organization, November 17, 1736, and after a faithful ministry of more than forty-eight years died in office, January 6, 1784. His salary was small, and probably was never so much as three hundred dollars per annum, in silver money, though nominally more in paper currency. Yet on this sum, together with presents, and the fruits of his own industry, he managed to support his family, and to give both his sons a public education. His talents were respectable, but by no means brilliant. His success in giving satisfaction to his people depended not so much on the energy of his mind, as on the meekness, simplicity, and purity of his heart. He lived in a troublesome period, both political and ecclesiastical. Near the 1 llev. Josiah S[)alding was born in of Worcester Co., -p. 127 ; Hist, of Western Connecticut, grad. Y. C. 1778, was or- Afass., ii. 325. dained at Uxbridge, September 11, 1783 ; 2 Hq ^^g j^e^e June 15, 1782, wlien he dismissed October 23, 1787 ; installed at preached "A Sermon on the Nature and Worthington, August 21, 1788; dis- Criminality of Man's Inability to serve missed in 1794; installed at Buckland, the Lord," which was printed, and which October 15, 1794; and died in office, forcibly exhibits the author's "peculiar- May 8, 1823, aged 72. Of him and his ity " of opinion, and his power as a predecessor at Uxbridge, Mr. Whitney revival preacher. says : they " were dismissed more on ^ During the pastorate of Mr. White account of the peculiarity of their re- there were added to the original twelve ligious sentiments than anything beside." founders of the church, two hundred and I suppose this "peculiarity" was what was eighty-six members by profession, and denominated liopkinsianism, or Hojjkiu- one hundred and thirteen by letter, in tonianism, about a hundred years ago. all, three hundred and ninety-nine, being "He was one of the best men and one of an average of a fraction more than eight the best ministers in the county." Hist, per annum. The baptisms were 1,275, in- cluding adults. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. 193 close of his life the Revolution occurred ; and he shared the trials and distresses of his people. But he lived to witness the conclusion of hostilities, and the independence of his country. At a much earlier period, the elements of the ecclesiastical world were violently agitated. About the year 1740 a " new light," as it was called, was discovered. Parties were formed in various churches, who bitterly contended with each other, freely bandy- ing the epithets of fanaticism, on the one hand, and formality, or legal righteousness, on the other. Some churches were rent asunder. And this church did not entirely escape the ravages of the storm which swept through the land. A portion of its members withdrew, and were styled " New Lights," or more generally " Separates." They erected a meeting-house, and es- tablished a regular meeting. Mr. White and his church mani- fested much forbearance, laboring with their dissatisfied, separat- ing brethren, but never using the rod of excommunication. The effect of such measures was favorable. The separate party, as such, became extinct ; some of its members removed from the town, and others were reconciled to the church ; their meeting- house was demolished, and Mr. White had the happiness to behold again a state of harmony and peace in his parish. Thus, though he encountered storms during the journey of life, the evening of his days was calm and serene, and his sun went down in a clear sky. His wife (who was a niece of Thomas Wells, Esq., of Deerfield), had closed her pilgrimage about six montlis previously, July 17, 1783.^ Their virtues are commemorated on their head-stone in the old burying-place, which was erected agreeably to a vote of the town, March 1, 1784, " to be at the cost of setting up grave- stones at Mr. White's grave, and also at Mrs. White's." A committee reported, May 8, 1786, that the grave-stones had been procured, at an expense of £7. 18. 0. ; the bill of " Mr. Sikes," the stone-cutter, being X4. 10. 0., and bills for incidental expenses, paid to Captain Warner, David Allen, Benjamin Convers, Widow Doolittle, and Joseph Perry, amounting to £3. 8. 0. The church met January 9, 1784, three days after the decease of Mr. White, " and made choice of Deac. Joseph Allen as their Moderator while destitute of a minister. Also voted to give the ministers who were bearers at the Rev. Mr. White's funeral, 1 In the early part of this century, the able not only for her lady-like and Chris- uniform testimony of those who remem- tian deportment, but also for her intellect- bered Mrs. White was, that she was one ual power, in which she was far superior of the excellent of the earth, and remark- to her husband. 13 194 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. each of them gloves." Prompt measures were taken to fill the vacancy occasioned by the death of Mr. White, but for a long time they were unsuccessful. The church appointed a meeting January 22, 1784, " in order to give Mr. Jedson ^ a call to settle in the work of the gospel ministry with us." The town con- curred, February 10, 1784, by a vote of "45 for it, and 19 against it, the majority 26." At an adjourned meeting, Febru- ary 16, 1784, it was proposed to reconsider this vote, "and there appeared 30 for it and 80 against it." The church then voted, June 3, 1784, " to give Mr. Medad Rogers a call to settle with us as a gospel minister in this place, by a number of fifty-three members present." The town concurred June 4, 1784 (12 aff. 1 neg,), and agreed to give Mr. Rogers £200 settlement, and .£80 per annum while able to perform pastoral duty, and <£40 per annum afterwards; or XlOO per annum, and no settlement. At a church meeting, September 2, 1784, " then voted and ap- pointed Wednesday the thirteenth day of October next to ordain Mr. Medad Rogers, Pastor over this church and congregation," and selected the members of tlie ordaining council. In this action of the church, the town also concurred on the next day, September 3, 1784. But for some reason, not stated in the record, the ordination was not accomplished. During these negotiations, the church met July 1, 1784, " to consult whether the practice of baptizing the children of those that own the covenant, as it is called, is warranted in scripture or not ; after debating the matter calmly it was proposed to adjourn the meet- ing for further consideration. Then voted and adjourned said meeting to the 22'^ day of July instant, having first voted that Mr. Rogers be desired to preach a sermon on said subject before the congregation. According to adjournment, the church met, and being opened by prayer, proceeded on the affair above named, and after further debating the matter, it was proposed to adjourn the meeting to Thursday the twelfth of August next, 1 Rev. Adoniram Judson, born at tion, Jan. 23, 1787." He was dismissed Woodbury, Conn., June 25, 1751, grad. Y. in 1791 ; was installed at Wenham De- C. 1775, was first settled in the ministry cember 26, 1792; dismissed October 22, at Maiden. "On the third of July, 1786, 1799; installed at Plymouth May 12, their call devolved on Rev. Adoniram 1802; became a Baptist, and was dis- Judson, on which occasion, Capt. John missed in August, 1817. He died No- Dexter entered his protest upon the vember 25, 1826. See Bicentennial Book church records against 'settling a minis- of 3Ialden,Tp.l&6. The Hardwick church ter of the Bade Hopkintonian Prineipels.' in 1784 was decidedly Hopkintouian in After calling four councils he was or- sentiment, dained at last, amid a tempest of opposi- ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. 195 at three of clock afternoon : also voted, that those persons that have been heretofore admitted as half-way members,^ as called, are desired to meet with the church at the same time, to hear their debates on the subject in hand. August twelfth : Ac- cording to adjournment the church met, and opened by praj^er ; and after debating the case above named a suitable time it then was put to vote that the church would not admit any more to own the covenant, in order to baptize their children for the future." Thus, Avhile destitute of a pastor, but witli due de- liberation, and probably under the lead of Deacon Allen, the church discontinued a custom which had existed in the New England churches for more than a century, and which had often been the cause of contention and heart-burnings. It continued in use, for the next half century, in some other churches, but has at last, it is supposed, been entirely abandoned. At a church meeting, October, 1784, it was " put to vote to see if the church thinks it expedient to give Mr. Medad Rogers a call, a second time, to settle with us in the work of the gospel ministry in this place, and it passed in the affirmative by a num- ber of voters, in favor 40, dissenters 7." The town concurred January 11, 1785, by a vote of 68 affirmative, 40 negative. This effort was fruitless, and the church voted. May 19, 1785, to give Mr. Judson a second call to become its pastor ; the vote " passed in the affirmative by upwards of forty members." The town concurred, June 2, 1785, by a vote of 57 affirmative, 19 negative. This effort also failed, and a majority of the church, JNIarch 9, 1786, voted " to give Mr. Thomas Crafts a call to settle with us as a gospel minister ; " but another meeting was held, March 23, 1786, " to reconsider the call given by this church, 9"' in- 1 " It was felt that the children of bap- children are members of the same church tized persons should have a different with their parents, and when grown up position from Indians and other pagans are under the care of that church. But who might hear the word of God. It was this does not of itself admit them to full held by many, that if baptized parents, communion. Yet when they understand even if not regenerate, were willing to and publicly profess the faith, and are renew the baptismal covenant, and be- upright in life, and own the covenant, come subject to church discipline, their and submit themselves to the government children could properly be baptized, of the church, their children are to be This feeling and practice were growing baptized. . . . This decision in regard to up in the churches, when a synod of the baptism is known as the Half-way Cove- elders and messengers of the churches nant, iuasmucli as it granted bai)tism to was called. This was held in Boston in the children of certain persons who were the spring of 1662. ... In regard to the not qualified for admission to the Lord's matter of baptism, the result was sub- Table." McKcnyAa's Ilistori/ of the First Btantially that the members of the visible Church of Cambridge, pp. 110, 111. church are subjects of baptism, and that 196 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. stant, to Mr. Thomas Crafts, to settle in this place as a gospel minister ; then put to vote to recall as above, and it passed in the affirmative." ^ At a town-meeting, May 7, 1787, on the question of giving a call to Mr. Elijah Kellogg, probably in concurrence with the church, there were " one hundred in favor of it and none against it." It would seem, from Mr. Holt's letter of acceptance and Dr. Trumbull's sermon at his ordination, that there was great dis- agreement and contention in both town and church, so that for almost two years they could not agree upon a candidate for the pastorship. The clouds, however, at last dispersed, and the town, April 6, 1789, unanimously concurred with the church in extend- ing an invitation to Mr. Thomas Holt, of Wallingford, Conn., to become their pastor ; which invitation he accepted in a letter so characteristic of his habit of amplification, that it is here inserted, as entered on the records of both the church and the town : — " To the Church of Christ and other Inhabitants of the Town of Hardwick. — Friends and Brethren : The affection and re- spect which you have manifested towards me are highly worthy of my attention, gratitude, and warmest acknowledgments. The idea of a church destitute of a pastor, and a numerous people without a teacher, — the spirited altercations and unhappy di- visions ^ which have appeared imminently to threaten the cause of religion and very existence of Christianity in this place, the present perfect unanimity and affection of this church and people, — and the unhappy consequences which would probably follow, should I manifest an excusing disposition, — are considerations very solemn and irapoi-tant. Your present respect and entire union among yourselves exhibits an event which by no means corresponds with my previous expectations, especially your choice of me for your Pastor and Teacher ; this, doubtless, is the Lord's doing, and ought to be marvellous in our eyes. But ' who is sufficient for these things ? ' sufficient to stem the torrent of vice, mixed with delusion, which at the present day appears greatly to threaten the cause of religion. Who among men or angels is 1 Probably, to reconsider, or to recall Zion hath been covered with a cloud, and the invitation previously given. The con- experienced unhappy years of controversy tinuation of the Church Records, after and division, he hath visited you in this date, until the settlement of Rev. mercy, healed your divisions, and given Thomas Holt, more than three years you uncommon unanimity and peace." later, are not known to exist ; they dis- Ordination Sermon, at Hardwick, June appeared more than forty years ago. 25, 1789, by Benjamin Trumbull, A. M., ^ " We have occasion of abundant joy of North Haven, pp. 34, 35. and thanksgiving to God, that after this ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. 197 sufficient against temptations, internal and external, against the infernal stratagems of the grand apostate, to watch for souls as one who must give an account ? The office of a Bishop is a good, though a painful, trying, and laborious work. Since I received an invitation to assume the office and work of a Gospel Bishop or Minister in this place, I have attempted to consider j'our situa- tion with mature deliberation. A repl}^ to your unanimous in- vitation is considered as solemnly important to the church and people in this place and to myself. My Fathers and Brethren in the ministry have been consulted, as from experience they know the cares, the trials, and labors of a minister. A consciousness of my self-deficiency, and apparently inadequate ability, excites emotions not the most pleasing ; and might I not depend upon divine support and assistance, self-diffidence, discouragement, and despondency, would appear formidable obstacles. " But let us come to the important decision. My friends and brethren ; the manifestations of your benevolence and affection towards me, in treating my character and youth with esteem, re- spect and tenderness, while I have labored among you in word and doctrine, must necessarily excite sensations of peculiar en- dearment towards you, and presage future exhibitions of the same if not increasing and reciprocal affection. I hope and trust that with humility, dependence, and prayerf ulness, I have looked to the great Head of the Church, for his guidance and direction. Your respect, esteem, and affection, manifested as I have already observed, your unexpected, happy and perfect unanimitj^ in giv- ing me an invitation to take the charge of this church and people, under Jesus Christ the Captain of our salvation, — the pleasing prospect arising from your union and affection of answering the great end of preaching the gospel, of being a happy instrument of building up the kingdom of the Great Redeemer in this place, and in promoting, if not the temporal, yet the highest, the immortal interests of this church and people, — these considera- tions are powerful arguments and inducements to excite and support a belief that yours is a Call from God ; that it is the design of the Great Head of the church that he whom you have unanimously chosen should be constituted Pastor of the church and Minister among the people in Hardwick. Trusting not by constraint, but of a ready mind, this public declaration is made, that I comply with your unanimous invitation. I consent, if it should be the divine pleasure, to spend my life and strength in this place, for the cause of Christ, and the interest and im- 198 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. mortal happiness of this church and people. Since an inspired apostle hath said, ' If any provide not for his own, and espe- cially for those of his own house, he hath denied the faith and is "worse than an infidel,' it would doubtless be improper and sinful for any one to deny the faith or gospel, which he is to preach, by neglecting a decent support. Again he saith, ' No man that warreth entangleth himself with the affairs of this life, that he may please him who hath chosen liim to be a soldier ; ' and ' even so hath the Lord ordained, that they which preach the gospel should live of the gospel.' While I may dispense to you the mysteries of the kingdom of God, and preach the unsearchable riches of Christ, — while I spend the remainder of my days, and wear out my life and strength in the cause of the Redeemer, for the purpose of promoting your highest interest, your everlasting peace, — while I sow unto you spiritual things, — is it a great thing if I should reap some of your carnal things ? As it would doubtless contribute greatly to your advantage, and my own peace, happiness, and usefulness among you, could I give myself wholly to these things, or the work of the gospel ministry, with full confidence, under the disposal of a wise and beneficent Providence, I must rely upon your generosity and affection, to afford that comfortable and honorable support which I trust comports with your present intention. " Permit me to acknowledge with thankfulness the peculiar af- fection, kindness, and generosity, of numbers, manifested by sub- scription, for the purpose of furnishing a great domestic conven- ience and defence against the uncomfortable effects of inclement seasons. " Men, Brethren, and Fathers, I request an interest in your prayers, that I may be furnished abundantly to the great and im- portant work of the evangelical ministry ; that I may be made a faithful, zealous, and successful minister of the gospel ; that I may be made an eminent and lasting blessing to this church and people ; that I may be a son of consolation to the humble broken- hearted penitent, and a son of thunder to the careless impenitent sinner ; that my ministration may become a savour of life unto life to immortal souls, and not a savour of death unto death ; and that many souls may be given to me for my crown of rejoicing in the day of Jesus Christ. ' Let brotherly love continue. Let us therefore follow after the things which make for peace, and things wherewith one may edify another.' Let peace, harmony, unanimity, and affection, abound among you. ' Finally, breth- ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. 199 ron, be perfect, be of good comfort, be of one mind, live in peace, and the God of love and peace shall be with you.' I am, friends and brethren, yours in the Gospel of Christ. Thomas IIolt, Hardwick, May 23^ 1789." Rev. Mr. Holt was ordained ^ June 25, 1789, and for several years the church had peace. Up to this time the records of the church had been kept on loose sheets of paper, so folded that each sheet would make sixteen pages, the larger part of which, though never bound, remain until the present time, but some- what mutilated. Immediately after Mr. White's decease, the church met, January 15, 1784, and " chose a committee to search the Church Records, viz., Joseph Allen, William Paige, and Nathaniel Paige ; also voted, to purchase a church bound book containing two quire of paper." The book was bought but not used until ]\Ir. Holt became pastor of the church. From the old loose records he transferred into the new volume what related to the gathering of the church and the ordination of Mr. White, and entered at full length his own letter of acceptance of his call to the pastorship. Then he inserted, in his remarkably distinct and legible chirography, " The Church's Confession of Faith " and " Covenant." Whether these had been in use from the time when the church was organized, or whether they had been adopted at a more recent period, I am unable to determine ; but as they exhibit the form of doctrine professed by the church in 1789, I insert them in full : — " THE church's COISIFESSION OF FAITH. " We believe that there is one true and living God, who is over all blessed forever, who is the Creator, Preserver, and Governor of the Universe. We believe that in the unity of the Godhead there are three distinct Persons, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost, each possessed of all divine perfections. We believe that God made Adam, the first man, in his own holy image, con- sisting in knowledge and true holiness, giving him a law for a rule of his obedience, and entering into a covenant with him, 1 The services at Mr. Holt's ordination IMass. ; concluding prayer, Rev. Joseph were as follows : Introductory prayer^ Appleton, Brookfield, Mass. Rev. Charles Backus, Somers, Conn. ; Rev. Daniel Tomlinson, Oakham, sermon, Rev. Benjamin TrumLull, North Mass., Rev. John Willard, Jr., ]Meriden, Haven, Conn.; consecrating prayer. Rev. Conn., and Rev. Joseph Blodgett, Green- Josiah Dana, Barre, Ma^s. ; charge, Rev. wich, Mass., were also members of the Nathan Fiske, Brookfield, Mass. ; fellow- ordaining council. Rev. Mr. Fiske was ship, Rev. Daniel Foster, New Braintree, moderator, and Rev. Mr. Foster, scribe. 200 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. promising life to him and all his posterity in case of perfect obe- dience, but threatening death in case of disobedience ; that Adam broke covenant with God by eating the forbidden fruit, and sub- jected himself and all his posterity to the wrath and curse of God ; so that every man comes into the world in a state of entire alienation from God. We believe that from all eternity God designed to glorify the riches of his grace in the salvation of an elect number of the fallen children of Adam, through the media- tion of Jesus Christ. To effect this purpose, we believe that the Lord Jesus Christ, the eternal Son of God, became man, and offered himself a sacrifice on the cross, to reconcile the Elect to God ; and as he was delivered for their offences, so he was raised for their justi- fication, and ascended into heaven to make intercession for them. We believe that it is the peculiar office of the Holy Spirit to ap- ply the benefits of Christ's Redemption to the souls of men, and that he does this by working faith in them, and thereby uniting thfem to Christ in their effectual calling. We believe that fallen man has lost all power to do that which is spiritually good, and is not able to convert and turn himself to God ; and therefore that effectual calling is the special and almighty work of the Spirit of God in and upon the hearts of sinners, whereby, if un- willing, they are made willing in the day of his power to go to Christ for life. We believe that those who are effectually called are justified through the righteousness of the Lord Jesus Christ, imputed to them, and received by faith alone. We believe that those who are justified are also sanctified ; and that the work of sanctification will be carried on, and they will be enabled to per- severe in grace and holiness to the end of their lives. We believe that the Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments are a Revela- tion from God, that they are a plain, perfect, and unerring rule of life, and that we ought to believe all their doctrines and obey all their precepts. We believe that God has appointed his ordi- nances for the spiritual good of his people, for the improvement of grace and holiness in them. We believe that at death the souls of the righteous are made perfect in holiness, and do imme- diately pass into glory and happiness, but the souls of the wicked into torment and misery. We believe that the Lord Jesus Christ will come a second time, to raise the dead and judge the world ; then shall the wicked, in their raised bodies, go away into a state of endless misery ; but the righteous into life eternal. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. 201 " THE COVENANT. " And now, in a serious and humble sense of our indispensable duty to answei^ the call of Christ in the gospel, who, notwith- standing our miserable and lost condition by nature and practice, is still inviting us to partake of all the blessings of the Covenant of Grace, as we have obtained help, we do now, in the presence of God, angels, and this assembly, avouch the Lord Jehovah, the only true and living God, to be our God, giving up ourselves to God, the Father, as our Creator, to God, the Son, as our Re- deemer, to God, the Holy Ghost, as our Sanctifier, in the way and on the terms of the Covenant of Grace, and in our place, we do engage to bear witness against sin, and, by the assistance of divine grace, to walk in a holy obedience to all the laws and ordinances of Christ, upholding the worship of God in this place, and submitting ourselves to the discipline of Christ, according to his word, contained in the Scriptures of the Old and New Testa- ments, which we I'eceive as the only Rule of Faith and Manners." In the interregnum preceding Mr. Holt's ordination, the church met, May 12, 1785, and elected two additional deacons, — Ebenezer Willis and Nathaniel Paige ; ^ so that there were then four officers of that grade. But the number was soon diminished. Deacon Joseph Allen died August 18, 1793, aged 84, after active service as a church officer for the extraordinary period of more than fifty-six years; during the larger portion of which time, according to ancient tradition, he was the leading spirit in the church. He was also the last survivor of those who organ- ized the church in 1736, ^ Some of his manuscripts, both in prose and rhyme, were published at Brookfield, 1795, in a pamphlet containing 51 pages, octavo, entitled, " The Last Ad- vice and Farewell of Deacon Joseph Allen to the Church and Congregation of Hardwick." The pastorate of Mr. Holt was uneventful. He zealously ^ Nathaniel Paige was son of Christo- I mentioned in the year 1781, there were pher Paige, the first deacon of the church, two males and three females living, who and brother of William Paige, who was were members of the church when first elected deacon November 9, 1769, and gathered. I would now observe that died February U, 1790. The two broth- since the beginning of 1789, there has ers were colleagues in office nearly five none survived except myself ." Last Ad- years, vice, etc., p. 19. ^ "July, 1791. It may be remembered 202 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. preached that form of Calvinism which was then styled Hopkin- sianism, as set forth in the " System of Doctrines " arranged by Samuel Hopkins, D. D., and insisted on the most rigid observ- ance of all the forms and ceremonies prescribed by the Puritan Church. Perhaps the same lack of variety in his discourses which afterwards caused dissatisfaction at Essex, may have pre- vented any signal success here. For some reason no extraordi- nary interest or activity was developed in the church or congrega- tion. The additions to the church averaged only a fraction more than four per annum, namely, forty-six by profession, and nine- teen by letter, sixty-five in all, during the sixteen years of his ministry ; being less than half the average number admitted by his predecessor, the Rev. Mr. White. Few cases of discipline occurred in the church, at this period, and none which resulted in excommunication.^ Gradually the tie which united the pastor and people was weakened, until at length it was sundered, ap- parently on account of his inability to subsist upon his salary and their unwillingness to increase it ; but there must have been some other reason on their part ; for immediately after his dis- mission, they readily granted a much larger salary to his suc- cessor. Mr. Holt's salary was three hundred dollars. Finding this sum, and the income of a small farm which he owned and cultivated, insufficient to supply his wants, after previous in- effectual appeals for relief, he presented to the town a character- istic address at a meeting held March 4, 1805, " to hear a statement or proposition from the Rev. Thomas Holt, and to act thereon as they in their wisdom shall think fit or proper." I quote the record in full : — " The Rev. Mr. Holt attended and made the following com- munication. — The inhabitants of the town of Hardwick, as- sembled in town-meeting, March the 4"\ A. D. 1805: Gentle- men, The committee appointed by the town, the last spring, to confer with the undersigned, appeared fully sensible, after conference, that his salary was by no means competent to meet his necessary annual expenditures. Through tlie medium of the same committee, by their advice, he made a communication to the town. May the 30*^, A. d. 1801, respecting the incompetency 1 The record of one such case exhibits the name of God upon a fellow-creature." the pastor's formality of speech and skill Probably the " profane curse " contained in amplification. The charge, entered on three short words. The culprit made a the church record, was that the offending satisfactory explanation, and was for- member was guilty of " uttering a pro- given, fane curse, in imprecating damnation in ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. 203 of his salary. He has never been informed that the town, generally speaking, are not fully sensible that his salary was as inadequate as he represented ; yet no means of relief was granted. This inadequacy is not considered as arising from a defect in the sum stipulated in the original contract, but from a depreciation in the comparative value of the cii'culating medium with the necessaries of life, since : — which, for several years has been esti- mated, it is conceived, at one third. The following statement of the prices current of some of the principal articles of support about the year 1789, and the present prices current of the same articles, may show the justness of the estimation above suggested, and illustrate the great diminution of the present salary of the undersigned, and its consequent inadequacy for a support. " 12 Bushels of Wheat, at 6^ pr. B. §12.00 25 B. of Rye, at 4" pr. B. 16.67 50 B. of Indian Corn, at 3^ pr. B. 25.00 600 wt. of Beef, at 20^ pr. Ct. 20.00 500 wt. of Pork, at 25^ pr. Ct. 20.83 300 wt. of Cheese, at 5*^ pr. lb. 20.83 100 wt. of Butter, at 8'' pr. lb. 11.11 A man's labor 6 months, 40.00:= 166.44 Add one third, 83.22 249.66 Prices of the same articles current in the years 1804 and 1805 " 12 Bushels i of Wheat, at 10' pr. B. $20.00 25 B. of Rye, at 6' pr. B. 25.00 50 B. of Indian Corn , at 5' pr. B. 41.67 600 wt. of Beef, at 30' pr. Ct. 30.00 500 wt. of Pork, at 36^ pr. Ct. 30.00 300 wt. of Cheese, at 54' pr. Ct. 27.00 100 wt. of Butter, at 20 cents pr. lb. 20.00 A man's labor 6 months, 74.00 = : 267.67 Compare the old prices, ^ added, 249.66 Reduced $18.01 more than one third, 18.01 " The above statement is the result of consulting men of good information, and examining merchant's books, with reference to the different periods above stated ; and it is believed that the dif- ference in the prices current of the articles above specified is not exaggerated. From this it appears that the sum stipulated as a salary for the undersigned will procure scarcely so much, by one 204 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. third, of the articles essential to a support as it would in the year in which he was ordained. The estimate is made on the princi- pal articles from which the inhabitants procure the means of pay- ing their minister's salary. The consequence then appears to be that the nominal sum stipulated for a salary does not at present require hardly two thirds so much propert}^ in value as it did in the year 1789, when the contract was established ; the whole of the depreciation in the value of the circulating medium must con- sequently fall on the undersigned, and render his salary greatly below a competency for a support. Hence he cannot suppose it beyond what was mutually expected from the contracting parties at the time of forming the contract, for the town to grant a pe- cuniarj'^ consideration sufficient to make his salary competent for a support. " It is his request, therefore, that they would grant him a con- sideration adequate to this purpose. But if the town should judge it unreasonable to grant such pecuniary consideration, yet they surely will not suppose it reasonable that he should be con- fined to labor in their employment, the remainder of his life, for a stipend so materially inadequate to his necessary expenditures, and so much less in value than what his contract appears orig- inally to have comprised; and it may be added so much less than what has universally been judged no more than adequate to a minister's support in all those towns in this vicinity, nay in the Commonwealth, where ministers have been ordained within six or eight years, and numbers of others where people have granted their ministers a consideration for the present deprecia- tion in the value of their stipulated salaries. Although it is the heart's desire of the undersigned not to leave the town, but to live and die with the people of his charge, with whom he has been connected by a solemn and responsible relation for almost sixteen years, yet the inconveniences necessarily resulting from a salary so much diminished from its original value, and so incompetent to a decent support, compel him, if the town should not alleviate his burdens, to seek a degree of relief by a regular dismission. If the town then prefer a dissolution of the existing connection to a grant of a consideration for the present reduced state of his sal- ary, then his request is that they would by vote give their con- sent that he may take a dismission in the common form, by the advice and consent of an Ecclesiastical Council to be called for that purpose by the Pastor and Church. — Gentlemen, with due consideration, yours in the Gospel of Christ, Thomas Holt. Hardwick, March 4:'\ 1805. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. 205 " The town took the foregoing communication into considera- tion, and on motion, — will the town grant any additional sum to the Rev. Thomas Holt for his support? it passed in tlie negative : on motion, — will the town consent that the church join with their Rev. Pastor in calling an Ecclesiastical Council, for his reg- ular dismission ? it passed in the affirmative." ^ The Council granted an honorable dismission March 27, 1805. April 1, 1805. " Voted, to make a present of seventy-five dol- lars to the Rev. Thomas Holt. Voted, that the Rev. Mr. Holt be requested to preach to us on the approaching Fast-day ; Mr. Holt consented to supply the pulpit on said day, by himself or an- other." After his dismission, Mr. Holt preached occasionally, as oppor- tunity offered, until January 25, 1809, when he was installed as pastor of the church in that part of Ipswich which afterwards be- came the town of Essex. This new home was not permanent. He " was esteemed a sound, scriptural preacher ; but after hear- ing him two ortlu'ee years, his parishioners began to complain of a sufiicient variety in his discourses, which they first imputed to his not writing them. They therefore chose a committee to wait on him and request him to write his sermons. With this he com- plied ; but as the evil, in their judgment, was not removed, they respectfully requested him to resign. With this also he complied, and on the 20th of April, 1813, he was honorably dismissed by a Council. The parish gave him a hundred dollars to defray the expense of his removal, and he returned to his farm in Hard- wick." ^ During the remainder of his life, Mr. Holt cultivated his farm and preached occasionally. He had no other pastorate, but performed some missionary labor, of which he preserved an exact account from day to day, and tlie sum total at the end of each engagement, in what he styled his " Missionary Journal." I have three of those Journals before me, describing labors at Paris, Me., from July 26, 1816, to February 26, 1817 ; at Lovell and Albany, Me., from March 5 to September 3, 1819; and at Springfield, Wendell, and Goshen, N. H., from November 25, 1819, to June 5, 1820. The summary of his services in the first ^ It was a tradition in my younger suit was utterly unexpected by Mr. Holt, days that both of these votes passed with- and that he subsequently expressed re- out opposition, so that Mr. Holt united gret that he had presented the alternative the whole town twice, — both his call and to the town. his dismission being determined by unan- ^ Crowell's Ilislory of Essex, p. 269. imouB vote. It was also said that this re- 206 HISl-ORY OF HARDWICK. of tliese missions may serve as a fair specimen of the wliole : — " During seven months of missionary labor, I have made 10 school-visits ; ^ 18 visits to the sick and afflicted ; attended one funeral ; admitted, by vote of churches, 10 persons as members in full communion ; baptized 20 adults and children ; adminis- tered the Lord's Supper 4 times ; preached 145 sermons ; and made 434 family visits." Rev. Thomas Holt, son of Daniel and Mary Holt, was born at Meriden, Conn., November 9, 1762, grad. Y. C. 1784, married Sarah, daughter of Rev. Ebenezer Chaplin of Sutton, May 5, 1796, had seven children, named in the Genealogies, and died February 21, 1836. He was buried in that part of the new cemetery which was formerly a portion of his homestead. Dur- ing his ministry here, he admitted 65 persons into the church, baptized 191, including adults, and married 177 couples. The successor of Mr. Ilolt was Rev. William Brigham Wesson, who was born in Hopkinton, May 29, 1777, but in early life was carried to Athol by his parents, William and Mary Wesson. Chiefly if not entirely by his own exertions, he defrayed the expense of a liberal education at Williams College, and graduated in 1802, thus early displaying that energy of character which distinguished him through life. The town concurred with the church, August 7, 1805, in calling him to become their pastor, and voted to fix his salary at five hundred dollars per annum ; but added a proviso, apparently designed to guard against a repetition of embarrassments previously encountered : — " Pro- vided, nevertheless, that if three fourths of the qualified voters in the Society should think proper, at any time, to dismiss the said Mr. Wesson, it shall be in their power ; and also the said Mr. Wesson shall be at liberty to dismiss himself when he thinks proper. Either party is to give one year's previous notice. . . . Chose Capt. Daniel Warner, Doct. William Cutler, and Timothy Paige, Esq., a committee to wait on Mr. Wesson, and inform him of the doings of the town." Without unnecessary delay, Mr. Wesson gave an answer, characteristically different from that of his predecessor, before quoted : — " To the church and congregation of the town of Hardwick. — Brethren and Friends : The time has come at which you have 1 His "school-visits " were not a mere order; heard the children and youth spell forna, as is manifest from his Journal and read, inspected their writing and under date of December 31, 1816: arithmetic, heard a grammar-class parse, " Visited a school ; found it in decent addressed the school, and prayed." ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. 207 I'eason to expect an answer to the call which you have presented me, to settle with you in the work of the gospel ministry. Hav- ing had the subject under serious and prayerful consideration I have come to the following conclusion, — to answer in the affirm- ative. Sincerely wishing grace, mercy, and peace, througli our common Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, may be multiplied, William B, Wesson. — To Messrs. Warner, Cutler, and Paige, Committee in behalf of said church and congregation. Hard- wick, Sep. 21, 1805." Mr. Wesson was ordained October 20, 1805,^ and for several years the harmony between the pastor and the flock was undis- turbed. In the pulpit, his stately form and magnilicent voice gave full eiTect to his discourses ; while in private life, his affa- bility of manners and buoyancy of spirit attracted a multitude of friends. In 1810, sixty-five persons became members of the church, precisely the same number which were admitted by his predecessor, during his entire pastorate ; and in 1820 there was a further addition of one hundred and fourteen members ; a larger number than were ever before or since admitted in any one year. So far, his ministry must be regarded as successful. But about the year 1815 the Trinitarian and Unitarian contro- versy became public, and it was prosecuted very vigorously, not to say furiousl}^ until it resulted iu a widespread breaking up of churches and parishes. Mr. Wesson did not become an active partisan on either side. Avoiding this exciting topic in his pub- lic discourses, and discussing chiefly such subjects as might pro- mote peace and mutual edification, he preserved comparative harmony in the parish, and secured the rich harvest of 1820 to the church. Unfortunately for him, however, Hardwick was em- braced within the limits of the Brookfield Association,^ which was largely composed of stern and resolute champions of Trinitarian- ism, who could not endure opposition, or even neutrality, on the ^ At Mr. Wesson's ordination the ser- (now Phillipston), Rev. John Fiske, New vices were as follows : — Brain tree, and Rev. Thomas Snell, Introductory prayer, Rev. Daniel Tom- Brookfield, were aljio members of the linson, Oakham, Mass. ; sermon, Rev. ordaining council. Rev. Mr. Ward was Joseph Lee, Royalston, Mass. ; conse- moderator, and Rev. Mr. Snell, scribe, crating prayer. Rev. Joseph Pope, Spen- - Had his lot been cast in the adjoining cer, Mass. ; charge, Rev. Ephraim Ward, Association, which contained some of his Brookfield, Mass. ; fellowshij), Rev. most intimate clerical associates, such as Thomas Mason, Northfield, Mass.; con- Rev. Messrs. James Thompson, of Barre; eluding prayer. Rev. Joseph Blodgett, Festus Foster, of Petersham ; Kzektel L. Greenwich, Mass. Bascom, of Phillipston ; and Alpheus Rev. Joshua Crosby, Greenwich, (now Harding, of New Salem ; the result might Enfield), Rev. Ezekiel L. Bascom, Gerry, have been very different. 208 HISTORY OF HARDWICK- part of their associates. Suspecting Mr. Wesson's soundness in the faith, after ineffectual attempts to enhst him under their own banner, they assumed a hostile attitude, and persevered until they succeeded in alienating from him the confidence and Chris- tian sympathy of a majority of his church. A majority of the parish adhered to him, and at a meeting, May 26, 1823, " to see whether the Congregational Society in Hardwick are acquainted with any facts relating to the previous conduct of the Rev. Wil- liam B. Wesson, which would induce them to desire his dismis- sion," it was " voted, to choose a committee of three to request the Rev. William B. Wesson to come and read the communica- tion from the Brookfield Association ; Voted, and chose Elijah Amidon, Samuel Billings, and Stephen K. Wardwell, a com- mittee for that purpose ; Voted, to divide the house, and it was counted ; there was one hundred and five in favor of the Rev. William B. Wesson, and none against him." During the next year, the condition of affairs " bettered nothing, but rather grew worse." Apparently despairing of a restoration of peace and harmony, Mr. Wesson at length addressed to the selectmen a communication which is preserved in the Hardwick Archives : " To the Selectmen of the town of Hardwick. — Gentlemen, Having had occasion to notice, within a few days, that the ' fire ' of opposition ' is not quenched,' and having come to the con- clusion that my continuance in the ministry will neither promote my own happiness, nor, under existing circumstances, be so use- ful to the people as I could wish, I have therefore thought proper to request you to issue your warrant to notify a legal meeting of the inhabitants of Hardwick, and especially those belonging to the Congregational Society in said town, to meet in town-meeting, to act on the following question, to wit : — whether they will consent that the contract existing between us be dis- solved at my request. By complying with this request you will confer a favor on your friend and Pastor, WiLLlAM B. Wesson. Hardwick, May 29, 1824." A meeting was accordingly held June 11, 1824, at which it was " voted unanimously, that the contract existing between the Rev. William B. Wesson and said Society be dissolved at his request." These proceedings were ratified and confirmed by an Ecclesiastical Council, June 30, 1824.^ During his ministry Mr. Wesson admitted 232 persons 1 It is indicated in the record of a tive members, in their crusade against town -meeting, May 26, 1823, that the Mr. Wesson, not only pronounced him to Brookfield Association, or some of its ac- be unsound in the faith, but impeached ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. 2o9 into the church (an average of somewhat more than twelve per annum), baptized 395 adults and children, and attended 463 funerals. After his dismission he engaged temporarily in mer- cantile business, but chiefly devoted his attention to the cultiva- tion of his farm, which is now in possession of his eldest son. He died May 9, 1836, aged nearly 59 years, and was buried in the new cemetery. Some account of his family is inserted in the Genealogical department.^ Several ineffectual attempts were made to fill the vacant pul- pit. A large majority of the church were Trinitarians ; a minor- ity of the church and a decided majority of the congregation were Anti-Trinitarians, composed of Unitarians, Universalists, and others ; and on this rock the original parish was wrecked. The church invited Rev. Wales Tileston, October 14, 1824, to become their pastor, by a vote of 33 aff. to 5 neg. The town non-con- curred November 1, 1824, by a vote of 45 atf. against 79 neg. April 14, 1825, the church invited Rev. Henry H. F. Sweet by unanimous vote ; the town concurred May 16, 1825, by a vote of 68 aft", to 44 neg., "on condition that he avow a willingness, on his part, to make exchanges and hold ministerial intercourse and fellowship with Unitarian clergymen as well as others." He was not ordained ; probably he declined making the required avowal. By unanimous vote, December 12, 1825, the church extended a call to Rev. John Wilder, Jr. ; the town concurred, 70 aff., 41 neg., in the invitation to this candidate, " who has avowed a wil- lingness to hold ministerial intercourse with the denomination of Christians called Unitarians." This call was declined. August 28, 1826. The town refused to call Rev. Eliphalet P. Crafts, 42 aff., 49 neg. December 18, 1826. The church refused to in- vite Rev. Nathaniel Gage, 3 aft"., 27 neg. ; the town voted, January 1, 1827, to " concur with a minority of the church in giving Mr. Nathaniel Gage a call to settle," &c., 107 aff., 37 neg. This was the last joint effort of the two parties to agree upon a candidate his moral character or "conduct." By mentioning names or any further par- advice of friends, he commenced a snit at ticulars in connection with this unliappy law against some of the ])rincipal offend- controversy. ers; and although one of them is said to ^ My personal recollections of Mr. have insisted that he had always heen Wesson are very pleasant. He gave me particularly cautious to avoid saying any- my first lessons in Latin, and encouraged thing "actionable," the jury pronounced me in my studies generally ; and through them guilty, and assessed damages. Al- the whole period of youth, from time to though more than half a century has time, imparted very useful advice, elapsed, it seems proper to refrain from 14 210 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. for the pastorate ; and this also was unsuccessful. As a last re- sort, the town, or Congregational Society, as it had for some time been called, held a meeting, October 1, 1827, " to see if they will grant the orthodox party the privilege of drawing their propor- tionable part of the money already raised and not expended, for such preaching as they shall choose, and also the use of the naeet- ing-house their proportion of the time." The meeting was ad- journed to October 9, and was then dissolved, without any defi- nite action upon the subject. At length, in 1827, the " orthodox party," embracing a major- ity of the church and holding the church records, seceded from the original parish and organized a separate society : and thence- forth those who remained were styled the Congregational Society, embracing a minority of the church, and holding the church and parish property, as legal representatives of the original organiza- tion. In what follows I shall notice the two divisions separately, — the old society first, and the new society afterwards. CONGEEGATIONAL SOCIETY. In the official records, under date of February, 1828, it is stated that " The minority withdrew from said society, and formed a new religious society called The First Calvinistic Society in Hardwick." To induce the seceders to refrain from erecting a new meeting-house, and to return to their old home, the Congregational Society made a proposition. May 5, 1828, which certainly appears very generous, especially when it is considered as an offering from a majority to a minor- ity : — " That the Calvinistic Society have the use of the meet- ing-house forty-six Sabbaths in a year, on condition their min- ister, Mr. Tupper, will exchange with Mr. Thompson, of Barre, Mr. Wilson, of Petersham, and Mr. Harding, of New Salem, as with other ministers, not less than once a year with each of them." This conciliatory ofl:er was rejected by the Calvinistic Society, as involving at least the countenancing of Unitarianism. Thereupon the Congregational Society with a minority of the church, extended to Rev. John M. Merrick an invitation to be- come their pastor, and he was ordained August 27, 1828. On the first day of November, 1829, " at a regular meeting of the church the following resolution was passed : — Whereas, by the secession of a part of this church from the Congregational Society, the records and covenant of the church have passed into other hands, and are not now to be had by us, we agree to offer the following profession of faith to those who may present themselves ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. 211 for admission into this church : — Impressed with a sense of duty, you offer yourself for admission to this Christian church. You regard this transaction as a profession of your behef in the one only living and true God ; as a testimony of your faith in Jesus Christ as the Son of God and the Saviour of the world ; and as an acknowledgment of the sacred scriptures as containing a reve- lation from God to man and a perfect rule of faith and duty. You design to commemorate the Author and Finisher of our Faith in the way that he hath appointed, resolving, by the divine favor, to live in obedience to the divine commandments, and hoping, through the mercy of God to obtain everlasting life. In a humble and grateful reliance upon God for the pardon of sin and for assistance in duty, you now enter upon the Christian pro- fession ; and you intend to walk with this church in Christian oi'dinances and in the exercise of Christian affection." March 5, 1832. The society voted " to accede to the request of Rev. John M. Merrick, that his pastoral relation to said Society shall be dissolved." Mr. Merrick was subsequently for many years pas- tor of the Unitarian Church in Walpole, Mass., and was also a Senator in the General Court, 1857, 1858. On the first of April, 1869, he became pastor of the church in Charlestown, N. H., where he died March 20, 1871, aged nearly 67 years. The successor of Mr. Merrick was Rev. John Goldsbury, who " was born in Warwick, Mass., Feb. 11, 1795 ; fitted for college at different schools, and academies, and under private instruc- tion ; graduated at Brown University in 1820 ; commenced the study of divinity at Harvard College in 1821, under Pro- fessors Ware, Norton, and Willard ; taught in Taunton Academy several years ; was ordained in North Bridge water, Wednesday June 6, 1827, where he remained till Sept. 4, 1831." 1 He was unanimously invited, June 11, 1832, to become pastor of the Congregational Church and Society in Hardwick, and was installed July 4, 1832. In connection with his parish work, he established and instructed a High School. He labored faithfully, both as pastor and teacher, until June, 1839, when, at his own request, he was dismissed, removed to Cambridge, and was master of the High School there about five years. He after- wards returned to Warwick, where he still survives in a ripe old age, honored and respected. For nearly three years afterwards, the society had no settled ^ Kingman's Hist, of North Bridgewater, p. 48. 212 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. pastor, but hired occasional supplies. Their number had become small, by the formation of otlito societies, and it was difficult to pay a sufficient salary. At length an arrangement was made with the Universalist Society (then worshipping in the Town Hall, under the ministry of Rev. Rufus b". ^ope), to build a new meeting-house, and unite their strength for the maintenance of public worship. The details of this arrangement are entered on the records of the Society. After other ineffectual negotiations, it was voted May 17, 1841, " That this Society will proceed to take down the old meeting-house, and will unite with the Universalist Society in rebuilding a meeting-house on the same ground. Voted, to choose a committee, to fix on terms of agree- ment between the Congregational and Universalist Societies, in relation to the rebuilding of the meeting-house." May 24, 1841. The committee submitted a report, recommending that the materials of the old house, so far as practicable, might be used in the construction of the new edifice, with certain reservations ; and it was provided, that " The above recommendation take effect when the Universalist Society shall agree, as an offset or consideration for the use of the materials above specified, and for the benefit they are to receive by the joint occupancy of the spot on which the old meeting-house now stands, that they, the said Universalist Society, will furnish all the funds required to pay the expense of taking down the old meeting-house, and also funds to pay the owners of pews in said old meeting-house, the sums at which the respective pews shall be appraised ; ^ and said Universalist Society also agree that said Congregational Society shall have the right to supply the desk in said new meet- ing-house, whenever it is not occupied by a minister procured by said Universalist Society. And said Universalist Society are further to agree that whenever the owners of pews in said new meeting-house, or any of them, shall express a desire to have the desk occupied a part of the time by a Unitarian preacher, such pew-owners shall be entitled to that privilege for such a portion of the time as the original cost of their pews bears to the original cost of the whole number of pews in the house." Tiiis report was accepted (aff. 17, neg. 10), and the agreement was confirmed by both societies. To prevent any possible doubt concerning its legality, a town-meeting was held June 15, 1841, " to see if the town will permit the First Universalist Society in Hardwick to erect a meeting-house on the site now occupied by the old meet- 1 The sum total of the appraisal was $817.88. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. 213 ing-house, to be used as a union meeting-house by the Congrega- tional and Universalist Societies in such proportion of time as said Societies shall agree." Permission was granted, by a vote of 9.2 aff., 44 neg. No time was lost in carrying the foregoing agreement into effect ; within twentj^-fovir liours after permission was granted by the town, the work was commenced. On the parish records is this memorandum : " Note. The work of taking down the old meeting-house was commenced June 16"', 1841." The new house was erected with commendable dispatch, and was dedicated January 25, 1842. It was by no means equal to the former edi- fice in size and general magnificence ; but sufficiently capacious to accommodate the congregation which remained after the Calvin- istic Society was formed, together with the Universalists, who had hitherto worshipped in the Town Hall, but had now taken possession of the new house. Instead of claiming the use of the house a portion of the time, for the employment of a " Unitarian preacher," this society wisely preferred to make a temporary union with the Universalists, and to employ one pastor for both societies. They accordingly voted, April 4, 1842, that " preachers should be obtained as far as practicable, for terms not less than one year ; and that we coincide in the propriety and expediency of endeavoring to retain the services of Rev. R. S. Pope for the ensuing year." They also voted to add the amount of their sub- scriptions to the funds of the Universalist Societ}^, provided that the same should be repaid if the Congregational Society should be obliged to furnish a preacher for the United Society. Upon the removal of Mr. Pope, at the close of his engagement, the Rev. Norwood Damon, a Unitarian preacher, was employed as acting pastor. At a meeting, November 27,1843, it appeared that the Congregational Society had raised about 8300, and yet lacked about 8200 of enough to pay " Mr. Damon for his services one year." A communication from the clerk of the Universalist Society was read, stating that after repaying to this society the sum which it advanced last year, there remained in their treasury about 8140, which they would loan " to this Society, to be re- placed hereafter ; " which offer was accepted. Mr. Damon re- mained here about tw^o j^ears, and was succeeded by Rev. Benton Smith, a Universalist, who was ordained July 2, 1845. The two societies acted together for a considerable length of time, as a united body, though I have found no record of a formal union. I do find, however, that this society voted, April 30, 1847, " that 214 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. the sum we pay for the supply of the desk be paid to the treas- urer of the Union Society for the present year;" and a similar vote was passed in 1848 and 1849. Mr. Smith remained pastor until 1850, when he removed to Shirley Village, and afterwards to South Reading, 1854; Chatham, 1859 ; and Waltham, 1865. He was the State Missionary for several years. In 1879 he re- moved to South Newmarket, N. H., but subsequently returned to Waltham. For some years after the departure of Mr. Smith, the desk was supplied by occasional preaching. A formal union of the two so- cieties seemed necessary to their mutual prosperity. The Uni- versalists were more numerous and had more financial strength than the Unitarians ; but as the Congregational Society had cer- tain corporate rights which it was important to preserve, the Uni- versalists allowed their own organization to slumber, and became members of the Congregational Society, which was thenceforth substantially a Universalist Society, in fellowship with the State Convention, though retaining the original name, and inheriting the rights and immunities of the original parish. In November, 1855, Rev. George J. Sanger, who was ordained at Sippican, September 8, 1847, and removed to Sandwich, 1849, and to Gloucester, 1851, was invited to take charge of this society, which invitation he accepted, and was installed May 7, 1856. His min- istry was very acceptable, and continued for eight years, except a slight intermission in 1862, when he accepted a commission as lieutenant in the army of the Union (which was afterwards ex- changed for another as chaplain), and offered a resignation of his pastorate. At a meeting, September 25, 1862, it was voted, " that the Society request Mr. Sanger to continue his connection with this Society as their pastor ; and after leave of absence for the term of nine months in his Country's service, hope that he will be able to resume all the pastoral duties of said Society." He performed his military duty, was taken prisoner at Galves- ton, and " endured hardness as a good soldier." He resumed his labor after his return, but resigned June 1, 1864, and removed to Webster ; he removed again, in 1869, to Danvers, where he still resides, devoting a portion of his time to secular affairs. The successor of Mr. Sanger was Rev. John Harvey Moore, who was ordained at Warren May 23, 1844, removed to South Reading, 1849 ; Concord, N. H., 1855 ; and returned to Warren, 1862. He commenced preaching here in 1864, continuing to re- ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. 215 side in Warren, where he preached in the afternoon, after sup- plying the desk here in the forenoon. This arrangement contin- ued until 1874, after which he ceased preaching in Hardwick, and became pastor of the society in Webster. In 1878 he removed to Newark, N. Y., where he now resides. Rev. Henry Jewell was ordained at Salem, N. H., August 24, 1836, and removed to South Reading, 1838 ; Lynn, 1840 ; Cin- cinnati, O., 1847 ; Stoneham, 1852; Lynn again, 1855 ; Canton, 1858 ; Terre Haute, Ind., 1866 ; Manchester, Iowa, 1868; Rome, N. Y., 1870 ; Bristol, N. Y., 1872. In 1875 he removed to Hardwick, and remained pastor of this society until April 1, 1878, when he resigned, and removed to Maiden. In 1881 he re- moved to Merrimac, and became pastor of tlie society in that town. Rev. Lucan S. Crosley of Waterloo, P. Q., graduated at the St. Lawrence Theological School in 1874, and preached at Plain- field, Vt., 1875, and Weymouth, 1876, 1877. He commenced his ministry here in September, 1878 ; was ordained November 13, 1879 ; resigned in September, 1880, and removed to Woodstock Vt. The present pastor is Rev. Benjamin V. Stevenson, who was ordained in Boston, June, 1844, and preached in Barre six years, from April 1, 1844, to 1850 ; he was afterwards settled in Win- chester, N. H., 1850 ; at South Hingham, 1851 ; at New Bed- ford, 1854 ; at Chicopee, eleven years, from 1857 ; at Shelburne Falls, six years, from 1868 ; and at Southbridge, seven years, from 1874. Having thus labored constantly for the long period of thirty-eight years, he took charge of this ancient parish, in connection with a society at Ware, April 1, 1882. Calvinistic Society. A minority of the congregation, with a large majority of the church, withdrew from the original parish, and on the 13th of November, 1827, organized the first " Calvin- istic Society in Hardwick." Rejecting an offer of a joint occu- pancy of the old meeting-house, although the " lion's share " was tendered to them, they proceeded without delay to erect a new house at the south end of the Common. The corner-stone was laid in September, 1828, when an address was delivered by Rev. Parsons Cooke of Ware, setting forth the reasons for separation from the parent stock. A year afterwards, September 9, 1829, the house was dedicated ; ^ and the sermon on that occasion, by ^ This meeting-house was taken down in 1860, and a more commodious edifice erected on the same place. 216 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. Rev. John Wilder, Jr., of Charlton, was devoted to a considera- tion of " the present prospects of evangelical religion," which was thus defined : " The doctrine of the Triune Deity ; the doctrine of the divine inspiration of the Sacred Scriptures; the doctrine of the entire native sinfulness of the human heart ; the doc- trine of redemption by the Blood of Christ ; the necessity of re- generation by the influences of the Holy Spirit, i. e., repentance and faith in Christ in this life, essential to the obtaining of God's favor ; the doctrine of the sovereign Purposes of God ; the doc- trine of the perseverance of the Saints unto eternal life ; and the doctrine of an Endless Retributive State beyond the grave. These are, summarily, the Evangelical Faith." Both this ser- mon and the previous address were published. Before the erection of the meeting-house a unanimous invitation was given to Rev. Martyn Tupper to become pastor of the church and new society, which he accepted, and was ordained April 16, 1828.^ He was a diligent and zealous workman, and his labors were rewarded by forty-six admissions to his church in 1831, this being the last extraordinary harvest enjoyed by that body. Soon after this religious awakening, the church was for some reason induced to adopt a modified creed, or confession of faith, which is here inserted : — " The Confession of Faith and Covenant adopted by the Con- gregational Church 2 in this place, March 2*^, 1832. (1.) We believe that there is one God, the Creator and rightful disposer of all things, existing as Father, Son, and Holy Ghost; and that to these three persons, as the one God, all divine perfections are to be equally ascribed. (2.) We believe that the Bible was given by inspiration of God, as the only unerring rule of faith and practice. (3.) We believe that mankind are fallen from their original rectitude, and are, while in a state of nature, wholly des- titute of that holiness which is required by the divine law. (4.) We believe that Jesus Christ, the eternal Word, became man, and by his obedience, sufferings and death, made an atone- ment for the sins of the world. (5.) We believe that they, and they only, will be saved, in consequence of the merits of Christ, who repent of sin, and believe in him. (6.) We believe that, although the invitations of the gospel are such that all, who will, may come and take of the water of life freely, yet the wickedness 1 A further notice of Mr. Tupper is in- majority of the members, they claimed to serted at the close of his second pastorate be the "Congregational Church," tlie le- here. gitimate successors of the original found- 2 Retaining the deacons, records, and a ers. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. 217 of the human lieart is sucli that none will come, unless drawn by the special influences of the Holy Spirit. (7.) We believe that the sacraments of the New Testament are Baptism and the Lord's Supper, — Baptism to be administered only to believers and their households, and the Supper only to believers in regular church standing. (8.) We believe that God has appointed a day in which he will judge the world, when there will be a resurrection of the dead, and when the righteous will enter on eternal happi- ness, and the wicked will be sentenced to eternal misery." ^ The successor of Mr. Tupper, who resigned April 29, 1835, was Rev. Edward J. Fuller, who was born at Plainfield, Conn., January 5, 180G, grad. at A. C. 1828, and at Andover 1831, was ordained at Chelsea, January 11, 1832, and dismissed in 1835. He was installed in Hardwick November 3, 1835, and dismissed March 21, 1837. His ministry here was short and uneventful. For the next three years I do not trace him distinctly ; but from 1810 to 1845, he was lecturer for the Western Anti-vSlavery So- ciet3\ In 1845, repeated attacks of epilepsy compelled him to retire from active mental labor. He died of apoplexy at Brigh- ton, O., March 12, 1876. See " Obituary Record of Grad. of Amherst College," 1876. Rev. William Eaton was the next pastor. He grad. at W. 0. 1810, and at Andover 1813 ; was ordained at Fitchburg, August 30, 1815, and dismissed June 4, 1823 ; installed at Middlebor- ough March 10, 1824, and dismissed April 10, 1834. He was at Charlotte, Vt., about two years, after which he was installed here September 6, 1837. The connection between pastor and people seems to have been very pleasant ; but the failure of his health compelled him to cease from his labors. He resigned March 26, 1840, and before a council could assemble to dissolve the connection, he died at West Brookfield, April 15, 1840, aged 56 years. The successor of Mr. Eaton was Rev. Barnabas M. Fay, who was born at Berlin, July 27, 1806, and grad. Y. C. 1833. He was a professor in the Deaf and Dumb Asylum, New York city, from 1833 to 1836 ; studied in the Union Theological Seminary, 1837 and 1838 ; was ordained in Hardwick May 20, 1840, and was dismissed August 23, 1843 ; was- a teacher in Durham, Conn., 1843, 1844; pastor at Wilmington, 1845 to 1850; profes- 1 Substantially the same confession is cessity of a change of heart, and that this now in use by the church, with one addi- change is wrought by the Holy Spirit." tional article : " We believe in the ne- 218 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. sor at the Blind Asylum, Indianapolis, Ind., 1850 to 1854 ; pro- fessor at the Deaf and Dumb Asylum, Flint, Mich., 1854 to 1864 ; a banker at Saginaw, Mich., 1864 to 1869 ; without charge, Saratoga Springs, 1869 — . See " Gen. Catalogue Union Theol. Sem. 1876." Mr. Fay was succeeded by Rev. Asa Mann, who was born at Randolph, Vt., April 9, 1816, grad. at A. C. 1838, and at Ando- ver, 1842. He was ordained in Hardwick June 19, 1844, and resigned October 14, 1851 ; after which he was pastor at Exeter, N. H., 1851 to 1858; stated supply at Wellfleet, 1862, at Gran- ville, 1863, at Springfield, Vt., 1864, 1865, and Bath, N. H., 1866 ; pastor at Bath, 1867 to 1872 ; at Raynhara, 1873, 1874 ; at Carlisle, 1875, 1876 ; stated supply at South Plymouth, 1878, 1879, and at Hardwick again, 1880 to 1881. Rev. Martyn Tupper, the successor of Mr. Mann, was born in West Stafford, Conn., January 6, 1800, grad. Nassau Hall, 1826, was ordained here April 16, 1828, and resigned April 29, 1835, as before mentioned. He was next installed at East Long- meadow in October, 1835, dismissed in September, 1849, soon afterwards installed at Lanesboro, and dismissed May 19, 1852. He was reinstalled in Hardwick June 23, 1852, and after a peace- ful ministry of more than eighteen years, resigned, September 1, 1870, and removed to Waverly, 111. His wife died there July 27, 1871. About a year afterwards Mr. Tupper conveyed her remains to Hardwick, where two daughters had previously been buried. Having accomplished this pious task, he visited his friends at West Stafford, where he sickened and died July 31, 1872, and was buried in his family lot in the new cemetery. Rev. Elbridge W. Merritt succeeded Mr. Tupper. He took a partial course at Union College, and also at the Union Theo- logical Seminary (then in Connecticut, now in New York). He was ordained in 1866, preached at Stafford, Conn., 1867, at Charleston, S. C, 1868, at Williamsburg, 1869, 1870, and be- came a stated supply in Hardwick, October, 1870, acting pastor, April 1871, and was installed as pastor June 5, 1873. He re- signed October 1, 1876, and after laboring for a time at the West, returned and settled in Dana, supplying also a parish in Petersham. Rev. Augustus C. Swain was ordained in 1873, preached at Needham 1873, 1874, at West Warren 1875, and at Hardwick from February, 1877 to July, 1879, when he removed to Hyde Park. He was not installed here. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. 219 The present pastor of the church is the Rev. Gilbert B. Rich- ardson, who graduated at A. C. 1853, and at the Bangor Theol. Seminary, 1856. He was first settled in Douglass, Mass. ; after- wards at Bath, Me., from 1860 to 1874, and at Alstead, N. IL, from 1874 to 1881. He commenced preaching here 17th July, 1881, and was installed 7th December, 1881. Deacons. Elected. Held Office until Age. /Christopher Paige . . Dec. 3, 1736. Resigned. Apr. 13, 1749. Joseph Allen Dec. 3, 1736. Died. Aug. 18, 1793. 84 Samuel Robinson . . . Ap. 30, 1746. Resigned. Mar. 2, 1749. John Cooper 1749. Removed. 1769. William Paige Nov. 9, 1769. Died. Feb. 14, 1770. 66 John Bradish Ap. 28, 1774. Removed. 1778. Ebenezer Willis. . . . May 12, 1785. Died. Feb. 5, 1813. 78 Nathaniel Paige . . . May 12, 1785. Removed. About 1812. Joseph Allen Aug. 16,1810. Died. Nov. 11,1822. 73 James Paige Aug. 10, 1812. Died. Feb. 18, 1818. 70 Benjamin W. Childs . Aug. 10, 1812. Removed. About 1819. Henry Fish Ap. 18, 1819. Resigned. May 20, 1830. Josiah C. Chandler . . Ap. 18,1819. Removed. About 1816. Elijah Amidon .... Mar. 10, 1824. Removed. About 1830. Anson Winchester . . Mar. 10, 1824. Removed. About 1830. The portion of the church which remained with the Congre- gational Society, elected to the office of Deacon : — Joseph Stone . Ichabod Dexter Elected. Nov. 19, 1830. Nov. 19, 1830. Died. Died. Held Office until June 27, 1849. Mav 11,1851, 59 76 The other branch of the church, in addition to Deacons Fish, Amidon, and Winchester, elected : — 220 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. Elected. Held Office until Age. Mark Haskell May 20, 1830. Resigned. Mar. 5, 1841. Jason Carpenter .... Sep. 2, 1836. Resigned. Ap. 4, 1851. Joseph Whipple . . . Sep. 2, 1836. Resigned. Ap. 10, 1842. Emery B. Foster . . . A^). 30, 1841. Resigned. About 1849. Philander Chandler . . Sep. 7, 1849. Removed. About 1864. Reuben Tyler Sep. 7, 1849. Died. Nov. 21, 1859. 51 William A. Warner, Jr. Dec. 31, 1864. James N. Brown . . . Dec. 31, 1864. Resigned. 1878. Charles L. Warner . . Mar. 15, 1878. Henry G. Towne ^ . . Mar. 15, 1878. Term expired. 1882. Charles A. Wheeler . Mar. 1881. • 1 Agreeably to a recent arrangement, the deacons are elected for a limited term of years. CHAPTER XII. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. Separate Church. — Reasons for Separation. — Early Separatists. — Cove- nant. — List of Members. — Removal to Bennington. — The Original Sepa- rate Church in Hardwick becomes the First Congregational Church in Vermont. — Baptist Society. — Early Members. — Corporators. — Meet- ing-houses. — Pastors. — Deacons. — Universalist Society. — Petition for Incorporation. — Corporators. — Pastors. — Deacons, — Amalgamation with the Congregational Society. — Methodist Society. — Meeting-house. — Trinitarian Congregational Church. — Munificent Benefactors. — Pastors. — Deacons. — Meeting-house. — Catholic Church. — Meeting-house. — Priest. Separate Chuech. About the year 1740 occurred what was then called the "Great Awakening," which extended throughout New England. It was occasioned, or at least greatly encouraged, by the labors of the celebrated Rev. George White- field.^ One of its results was the rending asunder of many churches, those who seceded being styled *' New Lights," and afterwards " Separatists " or " Separates." Terms of obloquy were freely interchanged between the two parties. The New Lights were denounced as enthusiastic and unscrupulous disorgan- izers, and they, in their turn, stigmatized the Old Lights, or established churches, both clergy and laity, as cold, lifeless, and dead, utterly unworthy the name of Christians. One of their preachers, Rev. Ebenezer Frothingham, of Weathersfield, Conn., published a Discourse, in 1750, entitled, " The Articles of Faith and Practice, with the Covenant, that is confessed by the Separate Churches of Christ in general in this Land. Also a Discouese, holding forth the great privileges of the Church of Jesus Christ, ^J- Rev. Dr. Wigglesworth, in his Dis- who followed him in this uninstituted and courses, November 12 and 19, 1754, very disorderly and pernicious practice, "after the Rev. Mr. Whitefield's preach- twelve or thirteen years ago, wo may ing at Cambridge," in regard to itinerant ascribe all the separations from our preachers and laymen " thrusting them- churches, and most if not all the en- selves into other men's labors," says, thusiasm, error, contention, and confu- " To the encouragement given to the sion, with which we have been perplexed same person (Mr. Whitefield) and those ever since." P. 34. 222 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. and the same privileges vindicated from the Sacred Scriptures ; and some points of practice in the Church of Christ, that are in great dispute between the learned and unlearned, fairly settled in a line of Divine Truth. — Written by Ebenezer Frothing- ham." In this Discourse the author devotes one chapter " to answer some objections that is made against the present great and misterious work that God is a doing in New England." He mentions seven objections, which probably embody the most material : — " We cannot think that this is a good work in the land, or a work of God's Spirit, that inclines persons to separate and rend away from the churches of Christ that are established by the laws of this colony and land, and to leave the house of God, and set up a worship contrary to the gospel, as has been the practice of some of late in the land." pp. 338, 339. " We cannot believe that this is a work of God in the land, which the Separates hold to be God's work, because none of our learned and good ministers own it. They say it is delusions and a false religion." p. 344. " We cannot believe that the Sepa- rates are right ; for God is a God of Order, and their practice is Disorder and Confusion. When they separate from us, they go off, one by one, and do not unite in a body, and then get a regular dismission ; but they rend away, some at one time, and some at another. And when there are a number that is suffi- cient for to set up public worship, then they are all of them preachers, women as well as men ; and this we know is contrary to the will of God." pp. 352, 353. " We cannot think that this present work is of God, which the Separates hold to be of God, for it makes divisions and disorders, and breaks the peace of churches and families ; therefore it cannot be a work of God, for Christ's Kingdom is a peaceful Kingdom ; and the promoters of this work are censorious, judging persons, who speak evil of our ministers and rulers, which is contrary to the word of God." p. 363. " We don't believe that the Separates are right, or that God is with them, because that there are such divisions and jars amongst themselves ; for if God is with them, surely they would be agreed and have fellowship together, as they profess the saints of God have in a high degree ; but they are contending one with another, as is manifest to all ; and that religion and power amongst them, which they call the power of God, is a false re- ligicfti, nothing but a mere noise and an empty sound." pp. 373, 374. " Notwithstanding all that the Separates pretend to, we think that they are them false prophets that Christ speaks of in ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. 223 the 24 of Matt. — ' that if it were possible they shall deceive the very elect.' " p. 392. " Notwithstanding all that the Separates say, or preach, or write, yet they do not convince us that they are right, or that God is with them ; and surely if God was with them, as they contend, they would be able to convince us, either by scripture, or sound reason, or they would be able to work a miracle, to show some undeniable sign, that we might believe." p. 398. To each of these objections Mr. Frothinghara makes a formal reply ; of which the first may serve as a fair specimen. He de- nies that the established churches from which so many had sepa- rated were true churches of Christ for the following reasons : " The Churches that we have separated from generally hold that external morality is the door into the church, and that the Lord's Supper is a converting ordinance ; or that all have a right to join with the church, that will make an outward public profession of Christianity, although they be unconverted." p. 340. " In the churches that we have left, there are many that are hardened and believe not, but speak evil of the ways, work, and power of God, and are awful mockers at the Spirit of God and the saints that are under the influence of the same Spirit ; and these persons are indulged in the churches ; therefore we have a just right and warrant in the word of God to separate from them. Acts xix. 9." p. 341. " Again, the Churches that we have left, have dwin- dled away into a dead, dry, lifeless form of godliness, and have denyed the power and life of godliness, and from such we are to turn away. See 2 Timo. iii. 5." pp. 341, 342. " Again, the Churches that we have left, are stuffed full of hypocrites or dis- semblers ; for they professedly take in the unconverted, and when they are in the church, they profess themselves saints, and are counted and treated as such ; which is manifest hypocrisy in the sight of God and his saints." p. 342. This language manifests the same spirit which was exhibited by Whitefield, as quoted by Dr. Wigglesworth, in his Discourses heretofore referred to : One " unretracted error of Mr. Whitefield " is " what we find in his Journal when at Boston, in the year 1740, Thursday October 9"', where, after he hath told us ' that he saw a great number of min- isters sitting around and before him, and that the Lord enabled him to open his mouth boldly against unconverted ministers ; for he was verily persuaded the generality of ministers talk of an un- known and unfelt Christ,' he adds, ' and the reason why congrega- tions have been so dead is because they have had dead men preach- 224 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. ing to them.' ... I believe many a stupid sinner hath read with secret pleasure, and thanked him in his heart, for thus transfer- ring the blame to his minister, and so far excusing him for his un- profitableness under the sound preaching of the gospel of Christ." p. 32. One more specimen may be pardoned, in which the author manifests some keenness of thought, though expressed in his cus- tomary uncouth style. In reference to the third objection, he says, " The fourth and last thing held forth in the objection is, Women's speaking in the Church, 1 Cor. xiv. 34, 35. This text no ways forbideth a woman's speaking, or breathing forth the ar- dent desire of her soul after God ; and when she is placed at Christ's feet with Mary, Luke x. 39, in true humility and brok- enness of soul by faith, beholding the divine excellencies and glo- ries of the Godhead shining forth in that spotless and innocent Lamb of God. When the case is thus with any woman or child, they have a just right from Christ, who gives them these discov- eries, when sweetly constrained thereto by the Spirit of God, to speak openly in the Church of the beauties and excellencies they see in their beloved ; Cant. iii. 4, 5 ; and chap. v. 10, 16. But to take the scripture aforementioned in this sense, — that a woman shall not speak at all in a public assembly, — will contradict the examples of the following scriptures : Luke xi. 27, 28. ' And it came to pass as he spake these things, a certain woman of the company lift up her voice and said unto him, Blessed is the womb that bare thee, and the paps which thou hast sucked. But he said. Yea, rather blessed are they which hear the word of God and keep it.' Here is an example one would think sufficient to stop the mouths of all creatures who oppose a woman's speaking in a public assembly, in a proper season ; for if a woman ever ought to be silent in a public assembly, surely it should be when the Son of God was personally a preaching with his own blessed mouth ; but yet at this very time ' a certain woman of the com- pany lift up her voice,' &c. No doubt but the carping Pharisees, who love a smooth form of worship, were highly offended at this woman's speaking and especially because she lifted up her voice so loud, and broke in upon Christ in his discourse, like a disordei-ly woman ; and had it been so that them Pharisee hearers, who stood much for an even form, had been acquainted with Paul's Epistles (which were not then written), no doubt they would have (as our Pharisees do now), pick out them texts that say a woman shall not speak in the church (not considering what speaking Paul had ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. 225 reference to), and so accused her therewith, and have told her that she had broken the commands of God, and gone contrary to his word, &c. But let us consider, — Doth Christ, who is the great Head of the Church, say. Woman, be silent, and not disturb the public worship of God, by speaking with such a loud voice whilst I am a preaching ; you are disorderly ; you have broken the commands of God and the civil law : Constable, take her out of the assembly, and let her be fined, or cast into prison, 'till she is more regular, and learns not to disturb the public worship ? Was this Christ's reply to the woman ? Surely no ! but the contrary. Christ shows his approbation of her speaking by taking an occa- sion further to teach her and all the assembly, from what she said, that true blessedness did not lie merely in being in human relation to him, but rather in being united to his divinity by a di- vine principle of grace implanted in the soul, which will lead a person both to hear the word of God and keep it." pp. 357-360. Other scriptures are then quoted to the same effect. The first notice found on record concerning this separate movement in Hardwick is under date of July 25, 1749, when it was " Voted, that the church make choice of, and send to the Rev. Mr. Edwards, Hall, and Eaton, to come and give their advice about the dissatisfied brethren in our church, viz., Samuel Robinson, James Fay, Benjamin Harwood, Silas Pratt, and George Abbott, jr., whether they will advise the church to dis- miss them, or proceed to censure them as irregular, disorderly members : — which council also came and gave their advice, as may be seen under their hands." " Sept. 20, 1749. At a church meeting in Hardwick, voted, that the church comply and fall in with the advice that the Rev. council gave. Silas Pratt, one of the dissatisfied brethren, complied with the council's advice. James Fay, Benjamin Harwood, and John Roberts ^ de- clared their non-compliance." At a later period, December 18, 1751, Silas Pratt and Jacob Abbott ^ were called to account; and February 4, 1752, it was " voted, that the reasons that George Abbott and Silas Pratt gave for their absenting themselves from the public worship of God at the meeting-house in Hard- wick are not sufficient to justify their conduct. Voted, that 1 John Koberts was not before named as ^ From what follows, it seems probable one of the " dissatisfied brethren"; but that this name should be George Abbott, he was among the most prominent ; and Similar mistakes are not unfrequent in Samuel Robinson, who was named, is Mr. White's records, here omitted from the list. 15 226 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. George Abbott and Silas Pratt be suspended from the sacrament of the Lord's Supper until they acknowledge their fault and amend." Again : " At a church meeting in Hardwick, Nov. 14, 1753, voted that Experience Johnson, Ichabod Stratton, Ezekiel Pratt, Elisha Higgins and his wife, and Oliver Rice, be called to give the reasons why they absent themselves from the sacra- ment of the Lord's Supper in this place, and that Edward Allen be also called to give his reasons why he refuses to partake of the Lord's Supper in any church whatever." Also, " that a com- mittee be chosen to meet with the members that have separated from this church, and to propose some reconciling methods to them : Deacon Allen, Deacon Cooper, Lieut. Mirick, John Brad- ish, Ichabod Stratton, Jr., and Benjamin Whipple, were chosen for this committee." The result of this labor does not appear on record, except that, March 3, 1757, Experience Johnson was " censured by the church for his absentiug himself from the sacrament of the Lord's Sapper for several years ; " and, May 26, 1763, " Ichabod Stratton confessed his fault in separating from the Church of Christ in Hardwick, was forgiven by the church, and admitted to former privileges." ^ Meanwhile, the Separates had organized a church, and had probably erected a meeting-house on the northwest corner of the " ten acres " devoted to a public use, which was subsequently confirmed to them by the proprietors. The original Covenant is still in existence, and was manifestly written by an uneducated sci'ibe, of which the following is a literal copy, made in 1877, the spelling and punctuation only being revised : " The Covenant. "We whose names are under written, apprehending ourselves called of God into church state of the gospel, do first of all con- fess ourselves unworthy to be so highly favored of the Lord, and admire that rich and full grace of his, which triumphs over so great unworthiness ; and then, with a humble reliance on the 1 The only action of the town in regard gether for religious worship by them- to the Separates, which I find, is under selves, and are generally called Separates, date of May 9, 1754, and May 16, 1757; after considering the matter respecting at the first date, when met " to see if the freeing the Separates, as expressed in the town will release a number of the in- last article in the warrant, it being put to habitants of the town from paying to- vote, it passed in the negative." The wards the support of the settled minister second trial had a similar result. in said town, who assemble and meet to ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. 227 aids of grace therein promised for them, in a sense of their in- ability to do any good thing, do humbly wait on him for all ; and we now thankfully lay hold on his covenant, and would choose the things that please him. " We declare our serious belief of the Christian Religion, as contained in the Sacred Scriptures, and with such a view thereof as the Confession of Faith and Rule of Discipline in Cambridge Platform has exhibited, — heartily resolving to conform our lives unto the rules of that holy religion as long as we live in the world. We give ourselves unto the Lord Jehovah, who is the Father, and the Son, and the Holy Spirit, and avouch him this day to be our God, our Father, our Saviour, and our Leader ; and receive him as our portion forever. We give, up ourselves unto the blessed Jesus, who is the Lord Jehovah, and adhere to him as the head of his people in the covenant of grace, and rely on him as our Priest, and our Prophet, and our King, to bring us unto eternal blessedness. We acknowledge our everlast- ing and indispensable obligation to glorify our God in all the duties of a godly, a sober, and a righteous hfe, and very par- ticularly in the duties of a church state, and a body of people associated together for an obedience to him in all the ordinances of the gospel ; and we herein depend upon his gracious assistance for our faithful discharge of the duties thus incumbent on us. We desire, and intend (with dependence upon his powerful grace), we engage to walk together as a church of the Lord Jesus Christ, in the faith and order of the gospel, so far as we shall have the same revealed to us, conscientiously attending the public worship of God, the sacraments of his New Testament, the discipline of his kingdom, and all his holy institutions, in communion with one another, and watchfully avoiding all sinful stumbling-blocks and contention, as become a people whom the Lord hath bound up together in the bundle of life. At the same time also we do present our offspring with us to the Lord, purposing with his help to do our parts in the methods of a religious education, that they may be the Lord's. And all this we do, flying to the blood of the everlasting covenant for the pardon of our many errors, and praying that the glorious Lord, who is the great Shepherd, would prepare and strengthen us for every good work, to do his will, working in us that which will be well pleasing : — to whom be glory for ever and ever. Amen." This original covenant was written on the first page of a folio sheet of paper, which is still preserved by the First Church in 228 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. Bennington, Vt. On the second page the earliest signatures are arranged in two columns, as follows : — John Roberts,^ Samuel Robinson,-^ James Fay,^ Benjamin Harwood,^ George Abbott,^ Jacob Fisk,^ George Abbott, Jr.,^ Jedediah Rice,^ James Breckenridge,^ Oliver Rice,-^ James Fay, Jr.,^ David Doaue,^ John Fassett,^ Daniel Fay,^ Ichabod Stratton, Jr.,^ William Breckenridge,^ Benjamin Whipple,^ Eleazar Harwood,^ Samuel Pratt.^ Jonathan Scott, Elisha Field, Samuel Montague, Elizabeth Scott, Experience Richardson. Rebekah Abbott, Lydia Fay, Marcy Robinson, Baty Pratt, Bridget Harwood, Elizabeth Roberts, Elizabeth Fisk, Elizabeth Pratt, Peace Atwood, Prudence Whipple, Martha Abbott, Mehi table Fay, Hannah Rice, Elizabeth Fay, Marcy Newton, Hepzibah Whipple. Joseph Safford, Ann Safford, Stephen Story, Bethia Burnham, Eleanor Smith. Aaron Leonard, John Wood, Zachariah Harwood, Philippa Wood, Mareit Harwood. This Separate Church was organized in Hardwick about the 5'ear 1750.^ Its deacons were Samuel Robinson and James Fay; perhaps, also, John Fassett. There is no known evidence that it ever had a settled pastor while it remained here.^ So many of 1 Removed to Bennington, Vt., in or about 17C1. 2 Did not remove to Bennington. ^ The Breckenridges were of Ware. James removed to Bennington, but Wil- liam remained at Ware. * Probably removed to Amherst about 1756, and thence to Bennington in 1761. 6 It must have been formed as early as 1750, for one of its members, Mrs. Eliza- beth Roberts, died before the end of that year. c There was a tradition, haK a century ago, that the church had a pastor, whose name was Roberts. Perhaps it had this foundation : Mr. John Roberts whose name heads the list of subscribers to the Covenant, may have ordinarily officiated as a lay-preacher, or exhorter, which would account for his taking precedence of Samuel Robinson in the list. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. 229 its members removed to Bennington in 1761, that the Church, as an organized body, together with its covenant and records, was transferred to that town. It formed a union, December 3, 1762, witli a much smaller representation of a similar Church which had removed from Sunderland to Bennington, and on the same day admitted five persons who had formerly been members of a Sepa- rate Church in Newint (a parish in Norwich), Conn., and thus was organized the First Church in the territory now embraced in the State of Vermont. The particular method of this union of churches is recited by Rev. Isaac Jennings, the present pastor of the united church, in his " Memorials of a Century," pp. 31-33. That the covenant un- der which the union was consummated was not originally pre- pared for that occasion, but was the old covenant adopted at Hardwick about twelve years previously, and already bearing thirty-five signatures, is manifest for several reasons: (1.) The only reference to a covenant to be found in the articles of union is this: "It is agreed upon and voted by the Church of Christ in Bennington, that they make an exception in the fourth para- graph in the eleventh chapter in Cambridge Platform, in respect of using the civil law to support the gospel ; and also the ninth paragraph in the seventeenth chapter, in respect of the civil mag- istrate's coercive power." The Hardwick covenant accepted the Cambridge Platform without qualification. In renewing or re- adopting that, it was natural to make exceptions, if desirable ; but altogether unnatural to make such exceptions to the provi- sions of a new covenant at that time prepared as a basis of eccle- siastical union. (2.) Of the first thirty-five signatures to this covenant, all are recognized as Hardwick names except the two Breckenridges, who resided in the adjoining town of Ware ; but there is sufficient evidence on the town records, that four of them, to wit. Deacon James Fay and his sons James Jr. and Daniel, and William Breckenridge, never removed to Benning- ton. (3.) Another reason is of itself conclusive: The signa- tures of the first nineteen males are autographs ; but at least three of them had deceased before the union of the churches ; namely, Dr. Jedediah Rice, who died at Hardwick April 4, 1756 ; Benjamin Harwood, who removed to Amherst and died August 19, 1758 ; and George Abbott, Jr., who had died, and the inven- tory of his estate was rendered August 16, 1761. Also, of the sixteen females whose names stand first in the second column, three had died, and three had changed their names by marriage, 230 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. before the date of the union ; namely, Elizabeth, wife of John Roberts, who died November 4, 1750 ; Elizabeth Fay, who died November 24, 1756 ; and Lydia, wife of Deacon James Faj^, who, died before September 13, 1760, when he was published to his second wife ; Betty Pratt, who married Elisha Field of Sunder- land, January 11, 1753 ; Prudence Whipple, who was published to Deacon James Fay, September 13, 1760 ; and Mehitable Fay, who married Benjamin Rogers September 10, 1760. There can be no possible doubt that all these names were subscribed to the covenant before the union was formed December ?, 1762 ; after which new names were added to the list of subscribers on the same paper. The signatures to the covenant may with perfect confidence be classed thus : the names in both columns, above the first cross lines, indicate the members of the Hard wick church ; those below the line in the first column, the members of the Sun- derland church ; those between the cross lines in the second col- umn, the Newint members admitted at the time of the union ; and those below the second cross line, the new members after- wards admitted. The conclusion of the whole matter is, that this ancient document, providentially preserved, funiishes incon- testable evidence that the Separate Church, formed in Hardwick about 1750, together with the associates admitted December 3, 1762, became not only the first Congregational Church in Ben- nington, but also the first Congregational Church in the State of Vermont, retaining its original Covenant, with a single modifica- tion. Baptist Society. The earliest notice of Baptists in Hard- wick, which I have seen, is under date of March 31, 1777, when Ephraim Pratt, Ebenezer Lawrence, Abiathar Babbitt, William Perkins, Nathaniel Haskell, Jeremiah Sibley, Ephraim Cleve- land, Jr., and Zebadiah Johnson, were so named, and their tax for the support of the ministry was remitted. In the Hardwick Ar- chives is preserved a certificate, to wit : " The names of those that formed a Baptist Society in the southwest part of Hardwick : Moses Winchester, Seth Tucker, Jeremiah Hathaway, Joshua Tucker, David Elwell, Samuel Bowen, Henry Higgins, Seth Willis, Samuel L. Robinson, Aaron Chamberlin, Jesse Snow, ApoUos Snow. — Apollos Snow, Clerk. Hardwick, April 12, 1799." It is observable that this list does not contain a single name which was mentioned twenty-two years earlier, and when the society was legally incorporated seventeen years later, Febru- ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. 231 ary 3, 1816,^ another almost total change appears : David Elwell and Seth Willis being the only names which occur in either of the former lists. Before its incorporation, this society erected a meeting-house in 1801. In 1832, a new and commodious edifice was constructed ; but this was sold to Mr. Daniel S. Collins, and converted into a barn, in 1846, when the society established its place of worship at Ware. The society was organized November 16, 1797. The church in connection with it was instituted Sep- tember 16, 1801. The first pastor was Rev. Ebenezer Burt, who was ordained June 20, 1798. After a faithful and devoted min- istry of nearly thirty years, he was dismissed November 19, 1827.^ He subsequently resided several years in Ware, and then removed to Athol, where he died November 25, 1861, aged nearly 96. He continued to preach, occasionally, until extreme old age disabled him. The successor of Mr. Burt was Rev. Joseph Glazier, who was installed August 2, 1831. From the number gathered by him into the church,^ his ministry seems to have been successful ; but it continued somewhat less than four years, and ended in April 1835. Rev. Nelson B. Jones became pastor of this church in May, 1837, and sustained that office about two years. I have not been able to trace his subsequent pastoral labors ; but in 1881 he was ^ The corporators were John Raymond, Lydia (Tippen) Burt, who were among Elisha Sturtevant, Seth Willis, Enos tlie early inhabitants of Norton. When Newland, Masa Newland, Benjamin Ri- fourteen years old he joined the old Bap- der, Timothy Hathaway, John Croff, tist ciiurch. Aug. 29, 1794, he was li- Lemuel Wheeler, David Elwell, Judah Si- censed to preach by the Baptist church of monds, Judah Marsh, Gamaliel Collins, Dighton, and preached in this vicinity till Asa Sturtevant, John Wetherell, Jcre- Nov. 2, 1796, when he removed to Ilard- miah Newland, Daniel Barrows, Aquilla wick, and gathered a society in the south- Collins, Jonah Collins, Cary Howard, west part of that town, where he was or- Jeremiah Campbell, Jeremiah Campbell, dained as an evangelist (standing upon a Jr., Lemuel Gilbert, Aaron Marsh, Zenas great rock), June 20, 1797. A church was Marsh, Cary Howard, Jr., Isaac Barlow, organized in 1806, and he was installed Mass. Spec. Laws, v. 87. the pastor, which position he held till 2 Some of these facts and dates were November, 1846, when he preached his communicated to me in 1838, by Rev. Nel- half-century Sermon." He may have son B. Jones, then pastor of the church, preached such a sermon ; but he certainly and are presumed to be correct. A some- was dismissed long before that date, and what different account is found in Clark's had had at least two successors. History of Norton, p. 503, which I insert 3 The whole number of baptisms in this on account of some details: Ebenezer church, up to November, 1838, was 214: Burt, "born Mar. 9, 1766, was the son of viz., by Mr. Burt, 134; by Mr. Glazier, Deacon Ebenezer and Abigail (Bassett), 42 ; by Mr. Jones, 7 ; by other persons, grandson of Ebenezer and Naomi (Camp- 31. bell), and great-grandson of Ebenezer and 232 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. residing in Prescott, without official charge, but continuing to preach as opportunity offered. After the dismission of Mr. Jones, the pulpit was supplied one year by Rev. William Brown. About 1840, Rev. Joseph Glazier was recalled, and remained pastor of the church until April 1, 1846, when he resigned, and the place of public worship was transferred to Ware. He was not again settled in the ministry, but resided in Ware until his death, which occurred September 1, 1860. The deacons of this church, while it remained in Hardwick, were as follows : — Daniel Lamsou, elected 1801, dismissed 1806. Seth Willis, elected 1801, dismissed 1811. Benjamin Rider, elected 1806, dismissed 1814. Eseck Brown, elected 1811, dismissed 1812. Enos Newland, elected 1812, dismissed 1814. Henry Higgins, elected 1817, dismissed 1833. Joseph Metcalf, elected 1817, dismissed 1829. John Pepper, elected 1829. John Chamberlain, elected 1833. Uniyeesalist Society. At a quite early date there were in Hardwick several believers in the doctrine of Universal Salvation. Before 1790, Rev. Caleb Rich, Rev. Zephaniah Lathe, and per- haps other itinerant ministers, had preached here, in private houses or elsewhere, as opportunity offered. In 1796, Rev. Hosea Ballon was engaged to preach, once a month, in that section of the town which was afterwards incorporated as a part of Dana. He resided there, doing the manifold work of a pastor at home, and of an itinerant or missionary abroad, until February, 1803, when he removed to Barnard, Vt.^ He afterwards removed to Portsmouth, N. H., in 1809, to Salem in 1815, and to Boston in 1817, where he died June 7, 1852, aged 81, having accomplished a work such as has been allotted to few mortals. He was one of the most remarkable men of this age. He has been not inaptly described as " an uneducated man, but a born theologian, a man endowed with the simplicity of a child and the intellect of a 1 During Mr. Ballou's ministry, the Gen- Haskell, George Paige, Eobert Dean, Seth eral Convention of Universalists held its Dean, Elijah Aiken, Solomon Aiken, Jr., annual session here in September, 1798. Aaron Fay, Eliakim Fay, and Moses On his removal to Barnard, he found Fay. They may have been in.strumental among his hearers several Hardwick emi- in his removal, having heard him preach grants, such as Nathaniel Haskell, Prince when visiting their friends in Hardvrick. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. 233 giant." His biography, in four volumes, by his friend and disci- ple, Rev. Thomas Whittemore, was published not long after his decease. Before Mr. Ballon removed to Barnard, the town of Dana was incorporated, including within its limits that portion of Hard- wick in which he and many of his hearers resided. Those who dwelt in the present town of Hardwick did not, for several years, organize a legal society, or maintain constant preacliing. Some continued to worship at Dana, where Rev. Joshua Flagg ^ had succeeded Mr. Ballon ; and others employed such other preachers as could be had, generally meeting in the hall of the Ruggles Hotel until the Town House was erected. Among those who thus occasionally ministered at the altar, the most prominent in all respects was the Rev. John Bisbe, who was born at Plymp- ton, grad. B. U. 1814, studied law for a considerable time with Hon. Marcus Morton, then prepared for the ministry, and was ordained at Brookfield, November 14, 1821. From Brookfield he removed to Hartford, Conn., where he was installed August 19, 1824, and thence to Portland, Me., was installed there in August, 1827, and died March 8, 1828, at the early age of 36 years. He was regarded as a remarkably eloquent and powerful preacher, and as an exemplary Christian. During his residence in Brookfield he preached frequently in Hardwick ; and under his influence, as it would seem, a petition for tlie incorporation of a Universalist Society was presented to the General Court, which was granted June 12, 1824.^ A copy of the petition re- mains on file in the Town Archives, sufficiently characteristic to justify its insertion : — " To the Hon. the Senate, and the Hon. House of Representa- 1 Mr. Flagg was settled in several towns won general regard, and the clergy of his in the course of his long life ; but I am town generally attended his funeral and not able to construct an accurate list, paid due tribute of respect to his mem- His decease was mentioned in the Uni- ory." versalist Register for 1861, then edited by ^ Mass. Spec. Laws, vi. 215. The coi'- Rev. Aaron B. Grosh, with an appre- porators were Dauiel Tluggles, Constant ciative obituary : " Rev. Joshua Flagg Ruggles, Ezra Ruggles, Samuel Weston, died in Dana, Nov. 10, 18.59, aged 86 Ira Ruggles, Samuel Granger, Gardner years, 6 months, and 20 days, — after a Ruggles, Anson Ruggles, Franklin Rug- ministry of more than sixty years, and gles, Oighton Ruggles, Moses Mau- the oldest Universalist minister in the dell, Ebenezer Cobb, Simeon Crosby, State. Though of rude vigor and con- Daniel B. Hiukley, Nathan Perry, James troversial spirit in his early days, when Sturtevaut, William P. Jordan, Seth persecution and violent opposition were Hinkley, Stephen W. Paige, Ebenezer met on every side, yet his devotional Perry, and Noah Beach, spirit and earnest sincerity in later years 234 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. tives in General Court assembled. The petition of the sub- scribers, inhabitants of the town of Hardwick, humbly sheweth: That we, being deeply impressed with a sense of the duty as well as the privilege of worshi]3ping the Supreme Being agreeable to the dictates of conscience, and as we believe in the restitution of all things spoken of by the mouth of all God's holy prophets since the world began, and tliat God will have all men to be saved and come to the knowledge of the truth, and believing that the knowledge of this truth will have the most powerful in- fluence to produce order, morality, and rational happiness, and as faith comes by hearing, and as we cannot hear without a preacher, — the prayer of your petitioners therefore is that we, together with others that may join us, may be incorporated into a society by the name of the First Universalist Society in the Town of Hardwick, in order that we may be enabled to com- mand our own resources for the purpose of procuring and sup- porting a preacher of this great and common salvation, and other necessary concerns of said Societ3^ And your petitioners, as in duty bound, will ever pray." Little use of the act of incorporation seems to have been made for several years. Occasional preaching ^ was had from time to time, but regular services were not established until 1837, when Rev. John Pierce, a young man who had recently entered the ministry, was employed, and was ordained Septem- ber 27, 1837. He remained iiere about a year ; and subsequently preached in Dana and Lunenburg in 1838, and in Lunenburg and Shirley Village, 1839, during which year he also gathered a society in Townsend. " In the spring of 1840, he engaged to labor with the two societies in Lunenburg and Townsend." But he was soon prostrated by disease of the hings, and died at Lunenburg, his native place, August 31, 1840, at the immature age of 26 years. He was a young man of fair mental endow- ment, and of great earnestness and zeal. His interest in the cause which he had espoused was manifested by the legacy of all his earthly possessions to the society in Lunenburg, the income to be devoted to the maintenance of religious worship, on con- dition that the society should raise a prescribed amount annually, for the same purpose. ^ Tiie successor of Mr. Pierce was Rev. Gilman Noyes, who was 1 One of the occasional preachers was ^ Memoir of Rev. John Pierce, pp. 39, Eev. John H. Willis, who labored faith- 68. fully in many fields, and died on College Hill, October 9, 1877, aged 70 years. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. 235 born at Atkinson, N. H., in 1804, and grad. D. C. 1830. He was settled at Charlton in June, 1831, having charge also of the parish in Brookfield. He removed to Spencer in 1838, and thence to Hyannis in 1839. While residing in Spencer, he preached in Hardwick regularly once a month. About 1843 he removed to Brimfield, where he devoted a portion of his time to agricultural pursuits, and where he died October 18, 1863, aged 59. Rev. Rufus S. Pope, born in Stoughton, April 2, 1809, was ordained during the session of the Boston Association at Gloucester, December 4, 1833. He had commenced preaching in the previous August, at South Dedliam (now Norwood), where he i-emained three years, dividing his services a portion of the time between that parish and Milford. In 1836 he removed to Sterling, and had charge of that parish until April, 1840, when he came to Hardwick. While here, his ministry was very successful. A church of twenty-seven members was organized. A new meeting-house was erected, under an arrangement with the Congregational Society, in 1841, and for the next year the two societies united in one congregation. In April, 1843, he re- moved to Hyannis, whei-e he died June 5, 1882. He was a rep- resentative in the General Court, in 1855 ; register of probate in Barnstable County, from 1855 to 1857 ; and postmaster in Hyannis from 1862 to 1870. The subsequent history of the Universalist Societ}^ embracing its substantial consolidation with the Congregational Society, and its succession of pastors, — Rev. Messrs. Smith, Sanger, Moore, Jewell, Crosley, and Stevenson, — has already been narrated, and need not be repeated. The deacons elected by the Uni- versalist Church, at its organization December 24, 1842, were : Constant Ruggles, died April 28, 1846, aged 79. Joseph Burgess, died July 20, 1879, aged 79. Constant Southvvortb, died December 5, 1877, aged 63. Methodist Society. Many years ago a Methodist Society was organized at the Furnace Village, and erected a neat and commodious meeting-house on the west side of Moose Brook about the year 1845. Though not lacking in zeal, it was never strong in membership and wealth. It has generally been classed with Barre by the Conference, the same preacher having charge of both societies. I would be glad to record the names of the several preachers from the beginning, but all my efforts to ob- 236 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. tain an accurate list have been unavailing. And equally unsuc- cessful have I been in seeking from both preachers and laj^men such information as would enable me to give a satisfactory ac- count of the fortunes of this society, whether prosperous or ad- verse. Trinitarian Congregational Church. Almost all the facts here related concerning this church are gleaned from its Manual, and from a Decennuil Sermon by its pastor, the Rev. Willard D. Brown. " The very first words in the records of the Church are these : ' From the commencement of the present manufacturing village of Gilbertville in 1860, the proprietors have felt much interest in the moral welfare of the place, and have spared no pains to secure the improvement of its popula- tion.' " ^ The princely munificence of Mr. George H. Gilbert, of his family, and of the manufacturing corporation bearing his name, richly deserves this recognition by the beneficiaries. " The Gilbertville Hall was dedicated December 27, 1863, and was used as a place of worship until the completion and dedica- tion, on September 10, 1874, of the house of worship now occupied by the church and society. From December, 1863, until August, 1865 (except during a portion of the winter of 1864-65), there was preaching Sunday afternoons by Rev. Messrs. Perkins, Tut- tle, Gordon, and Merrill, of Ware, Tupper, of Hardwick, and Gurney, of New Braintree. From that time till March, 1866, Rev. William H. Beecher, of North Brookfield, preached as a stated supply, and he was succeeded by Rev. R. P. Wells, from Tennessee, who became acting pastor of the church, and re- mained with it until January, 1869." ^ The Rev. Rufus P. Wells grad. A. C. 1842, and took a partial course at the Theol. Inst, in Connecticut in the class of 1845. After a successful ministry at Gilbertville, he preached at Southampton, 1869- 1874, and at Mason, N. H., 1874-1877. He died at Norton, May 25, 1877, aged 59. The successor of Mr. Wells was Rev. Willard D. Brown, who grad. at Middlebury Coll., 1868, and at Andover, 1869. He became acting pastor of the church in September, 1869, and was ordained and installed December 6, 1870. The church " was organized March 7, 1867, and was composed of thirty-eight members, twenty-three of whom were received by letter, and fifteen on profession of faith. There were connected with it, 1 Sermon, p. 5. 2 Manual. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. 237 k during its first year, forty-eight members. There have been connected with it, up to the present time (1878), one hundred and thirty-three members, forty of whom were males and ninety- three females ; forty-four have been received by letter, and eighty-nine on confession of faith." ^ Deacons. Isaac H. Hoyt, elected February 14, 1868, resigned 1868. Warner H. Joslyn, elected February 14, 1868, resigned 1869. Wales T. Wilder, elected March 10, 1869. Melzar Lamberton, elected March 1, 1877. The meeting-house occupied by this church and society deserves special notice. Constructed of granite, " from foundation to top of spire," it is a perfect gem of architecture, and is the crowning ornament of the most beautiful and neatly-kept manufacturing village in the Commonwealth. For its erection, Mr. George H. Gilbert, who died May 6, 1869, aged 63, devised by his will the sum of $20,000 ; the manufacturing corporation which bears his name contributed $20,000 in cash, and in addition gave a spacious lot of land suitably graded and inclosed, and also put in the foundation of the edifice; his widow gave an organ, and his children the furniture, together with a memorial window in memory of a deceased sister. The whole amount of this mag- nificent gift is estimated at not less than fifty thousand dollars. Catholic Church. The building up of a large manufactur- ing establishment at Gilbertville naturally attracted a numerous foreign population, most of which consisted of Catholics. Hav- ing worshipped for several years at Ware, they are understood to have been organized into a separate parish at Gilbertville. A spacious brick church was erected in 1872, on the west side of the river, in the northerly part of the village. Mass is celebrated in the forenoon of every Sabbath, with Sunday-school exercises at two o'clock, and Vespers at three o'clock in the afternoon. The congregation is larger than any other in the whole town, embracing about eight hundred souls, including children. The pastor in 1883 is Rev. John T. Sheehan, who resides in Ware. I am unable to give a more particular account of the parish. 1 Manual. CHAPTER XIII. LITEKABY HISTORY. Graduates. — Clergymen. — Lawyers. — Physicians. — Poets. — Poetry. — Schools. — Early Teachers. — Appropriations. — School-Houses. — High School. — Social Library. — Early Proprietors. — Catalogue of Books. — Mount Zion Lodge. — Original Members. — Removal to Barre. — Masters. — Post- Offices and Postmasters. — Post Riders and Mail Carriers. — Cen- tennial Celebration. Geaduates. The number of native-born sons of Hardwick who have received a liberal education and collegiate honors is not large. The following list is probably imperfect, but it approxi- mates the truth. Two graduates, Lemuel Hedge and Sanford Lawton, though born elsewhere, are included, because they were brought here in their infancy, were of Hardwick stock, and were trained in our schools. Further notice of all these graduates, and also of the lawyers and physicians named, may be found in the Genealogical Register contained in this volume. Luther E. Barnes . A. C. 1871. Andrew J. Bartholomew . Y. C. 1856. Barnabas Billings . B. U. 1791. Joseph Blake .... . H. C. 1786. George Blake H. C. 1789. Charles E. Bruce . A. C. 1845. Henry James Bruce A. C. 1859. John Field .... . W. C. 1807. Horace Gleason W. C. 1828. Matthew W. Haskell . . A. C. 1853. Lemuel Hedge . . . . H. C. 1759. Abiathar Hopkins . D. C. 1806. John Lawton Mid. C. 1805. Sanford Lawton . Y. C. 1825. William A. Mandell A. C. 1838. Daniel W. Mandell . Mid. C. 1850. William Mixter . . H. C. 1829. George Mixter .... . Y.C. 1836. LITERARY HISTORY. 239 H. C. 1863. H. C. 1879. Y. C. 1845. D. C. 1784. D. C. 1786. W. C. 1807., B. U. 1828.^ H. C. 1850. T. C. 1861. Y. C. 1803. Y. C. 1789. D. C. 1790. W. C. 1812. U. C. 1830. H.C. 1759. H. C.2 1765. George Mixter Samuel J. Mixter ^ James Monroe Christopher Paige Reed Paige John Keyes Paige Winslow Paige (honorary) Lucius R. Paige (honorary) Charles G. Pope Thomas Rice Moses Robinson (honorary) Jonathan Robinson (honorary) Alfred Stearns Squire Whipple . Thomas Wells White John White Clergymen. The several clergymen who have had pastoral charge in Hardwick have already been mentioned under the ecclesiastical head, which may suffice. Lawyers. Timothy Ruggles, H. C. 1732, came here in 1754, and was soon appointed justice, and subsequently chief justice, of the Court of Common Pleas. He left Hardwick in 1774, at the commencement of the Revolution, and died at Wil- mot, near Annapolis, N. S., August 4, 1795, aged nearly 84. Daniel Oliver, H. C. 1762, commenced practice here early in 1767. He was one of the very few barristers at law in the Province, and apparently popular and successful. He left town with General Ruggles in 1774, and died at Ashstead, England, May 6, 1826, aged 82. Seth Paddleford, Y. C. 1770, soon commenced practice here. He removed to Taunton about 1778, was judge of pro- bate for Bristol County, received the degree of LL.D. from B. U., 1798, and died January 7, 1810, aged 58. Pelatiah Hitchcock, H. C. 1785, commenced practice here before 1791. He removed to West Brookfield, where he dfed April 25, 1851, aged 86. Luke Brown, H. C. 1794, commenced practice here before 1 Educated at the Mass. Inst, of Tech- D. C. — Dartmouth College. H. C. — nology, and at the Harvard Medical Harvard College. Mid. C. — Middlebury School. College. T. C — Tufts College. U. C. 2 Contractions. A. C. — Amherst — Union College. W. C. — Williams College. B. U. — Brown University. College. Y. C. — Yale College. 240 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. 1799. He removed about 1807, and died at Enfield in 1835, aged about 60. Elisha p. Cutler, W. C 1798, commenced practice here. In 1805 " be removed to North Yarmouth, Me., and died there Aug. 29, 1813, aged 32. He was a man of much promise." " Wil- liams Biog. Annals," p. 214. Samuel Eastman, D. C. 1802, commenced practice here in 1807. He remained longer than any of his predecessors, but at length removed to Springfield. He died at Amherst, April 11, 1864, aged 81. Joseph Knox was here before 1831. He removed in 1837 to Rock Island, 111., where he died August 6, 1881, Joel W. Fletcher, A. C. 1838, came here in 1841, and re- moved to Leominster in 1843. About 1865 he removed to Cambridge, abandoned the practice of the law, and became an insurance agent. In 1879 he went to Chicago, where he died February 15, 1880, aged 62. Since 1843, no lawyer has established himself in Hardwick. It is much to the credit of the town, as a peaceable and law-abid- ing community, that it has never required professional aid in its transaction of business, and its settlement of differences, to such an extent as to induce any lawyer to make this his permanent residence through life. Physicians. No trace has been discovered of any physician in Hardwick earlie. than 1749 ; since which time, however, the town has never been destitute of at least one medical adviser. Jedediah Rice was here as early as April 11, 1749. He had scarcely sufficient time to make full proof of his skill and use- fulness, as he died April 4, 1756, before he was thirty years old. He was one of the earliest members of the Separate Church. Joel Carpenter commenced practice here as early as March 25, 1752. He remained certainly until March 1, 1764; but how much longer does not appear. Challis Safford was here in 1755. He died in 1771, aged 38, and left the reputation of a skilful physician. Jonas Fay commenced practice soon after 1760. He ranked high as a physician, and still higher as a politician and a patriot. He removed to Bennington about 1768, and closed his active life March 6, 1818, aged 82. Isaac Robinson was born here in 1747. After a short prac- tice here, he removed to Chesterfield about 1771, and later to Stamford, Vt. LITERARY HISTORY. 241 Jedediah Fay was born here in 1755. lie is said by tradition to have practised in this town for many years ; but precisely how long, and whether he died here, is not ascertained. John Paddleford, Y, C. 1768, commenced practice here. He was authorized to establish an " inoculating hospital " in 1776. About 1778 he entered the navy as a surgeon, was taken pris- oner, and died in 1779, aged about 31. Chaeles Doolittle was here as early as 1771. He was highly esteemed as a skilful physician and a useful citizen. He died June 12, 1785, aged 36. Lucius Doolittle was here in 1783, with his brother Charles, and succeeded him in practice. After a few years he removed to Lynd'on, Vt., but afterwards returned, and died here December 1, 1831, aged 70. Arthur Rawson was here in 1785. Like several of his pred- ecessors, he was cut off in early life. He died December 25, 1796, aged 38. Cyrus Washburn was born here in 1771. After practising medicine in Hardwick a few years, he removed in 1803 to Ver- non, Vt., where he died March 2, 1860, aged 85. Elias Penniman came here about 1793. He became insane, and died February 9, 1830, aged 81. William Cutler came here in 1795. He was for many years the only apothecary in town, but refrained from medical practice. He died February 9, 1832, aged 78. Convers Cutler came here in 1796. He died November 1, 1831, aged 76. Joseph White bought the homestead of Martin Kinsley, January 7, 1796, and practised here for a few years. He was published, June 30, 1799, to Beersheba Jenney of New Bedford, to which place it is supposed he soon afterwards removed. Elliott Beckwith probably commenced practice here in early life. When he died, March 6, 1814, aged 58, there was a general lamentation. David Billings was born here in 1771. He practised through life, chiefly in the westerly section of the town and in Ware; he died October 15, 1833, aged 62. Joseph Stone commenced practice here immediately after the death of Dr. Beckwith in 1814. He was skilful and success- ful as a physician, and rendered various important services to the town which are not yet forgotten. He died June 27, 1849, aged 59. 16 242 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. Stephen K. Wardwell also commenced practice here im- mediately after the death of Dr. Beckwith in 1814. He was specially distinguished as a surgeon, and had an extensive prac- tice in the neighboring towns. He died October 8, 1844, aged 55. William H. Willis was here in 1842, but removed to North Reading before November 14, 1843, when he was recommended to the church in that place. Lafayette Ranney, D. C. 1842, and M. D. at the same Col- lege, 1845. He commenced practice here, but removed to New York city about 1852. Isaac G. Cutler was here for a time after the death of Dr. Wardwell, but soon removed. Charles Field also practised here for a short season after the death of Dr. Wardwell. Almon M. Orcutt was the recognized successor of Dr. Stone, in 1849, and entered at once into a successful practice, which he still retains. George Chamberlain was here about 1850, but soon re- moved to Brimfield. James P. Lynde practised here a few years, but soon after 1855 removed to Athol, where he still resides. .Tubal C. Gleason was the first settled physician in Gilbert- ville. He came from Hubbardston to that village in 1867, and removed to Rockland in 1870. WiLLARD H. Stowe came from Vermont to Gilbertville about 1870, and removed to Palmer in 1876. WiLLARD C. Haven, son of Rev. John Haven of Charlton, commenced practice in Gilbertville in 1877, and removed to Brookfield in 1878. Wesley E. Brown came from Paxton to Gilbertville about 1878, and is still a pi-actising physician in that part of the town. Mrs. Maria Ruggles (wife of Moses Ruggles), though not a member of the Massachusetts Medical Society, has practised med- icine in Hardwick for several years, and generally secured the confidence and approbation of her patients. Poets. Many sons of Hardwick, whether residing here or elsewhere, have been eminently useful to the community in the various learned ^jrofessions, as well as in the ordinary affairs of life ; but very few have been publicly known as authors, either in prose or poetry. Of those few, in addition to brief no- LITERARY HISTORY. 243 tices in the Genealogies, I may be pardoned for mentioning two, — the one a permanent resident, and the other native-born. Deacon Joseph Allen, who spent almost the whole of his active life here, and died August 18, 1793, aged 84, together with an absorbing interest in the straightest theology of his day, had also a passion for rhyming. During his life, especially in old age, he was accustomed to commit to writing his opinions and arguments on theological subjects, with exhortations to his brethren to stand fast in the faith, evidently with the hope that what he had writ- ten might at some time be published. He also expressed many of his thoughts in homely verses. After his decease, some friend caused at least a portion of his manuscripts to be printed in a pamphlet entitled "The Last Advice and Farewell of Deacon Joseph Allen to the Church and Congregation of Hardwick," pp. 51, octavo, Brookfield, 1795. The prose articles I omit entirely, but give space to two specimens of history " done into rhyme." The first ^ is entitled — " SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE TOWN OF HARDWICK, IN THE EARLY STAGES OF IT. " When I look back, and take a view Of that which now has been, There then was found but very few Which did this Town begin. " In thirty-six I came into This then a wilderness; Great hardships we did undergo ; Our wants did daily press. " Near thirty miles, without a road, We were obliged to go, Through woods, and streams, and depth of snow, To fetch our daily food. " The families were twenty-three That then did here belong ; They all did hardships bear with me, But now are dead and gone. *■*■ My wife and I are left alone Of all that married were ; 1 Written apparently in 1789. 244 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. And we remain their loss to mourn Of whom we loved so dear. " Of single men, there are but two, And both advanced in age ; And all the rest, though but a few, Are gone from off the stage. " A Church was gathered the same year A Minister ordained ; His call it was perfectly clear ; Great blessings he obtained. " For more than forty-seven years He did with us remain ; His doctrines were both sound and clear, All of a gospel strain. " Five years ago, he took his leave, And bid us all farewell ; The loss, so great, we can't conceive, 'Tis hard for us to tell. " So long we have been destitute ; How long we so must dwell ; For it is known without dispute That none of us can tell. " Yet must not do as some here say, But constant use the means, And wait for the appointed day Till God shall change the scene. " The greater part that here was born Have early took their flight Into a state that's most forlorn, Or to a world of light." The next has reference to the extraordinarily cold winter of 1779-80,^ during which, I have heard my elders say, for many 1 The following article was republished " COLD WEATHER IN OLD TIMES, in the Boston Evening Transcript, J a,n- " New York, December 28, 1872. uary 1, 1873 : — "To the Editors of the Evening Post : — The present winter, thus far, has proved LITERARY HISTORY. 245 weeks the snow did not melt on the south side of the house-tops ; the pubHc roads became so blocked that locomotion was accom- plished almost exclusively on snow-shoes, and burdens were moved on hand-sleds. It is entitled — "ON THE SEVERE COLD WINTER IN 1779. " Full seventy years I 've seen, and more, Since I my breath did draw ; But never knew such cold before As lately here I saw. " From twenty-sixth of November, Till ten weeks had an end, A time we all shall well remember How wood and hay did spend. " The cold increased for seventy days. With multitude of storms, Till snow had clogged up all the ways, For few of them were worn. " The snow came down like fleecy wool At times for forty days, to be the most severe known for some January 17, 1780, 17 deg. above, years, and I thought the following ex- tracts from an old journal might be of in- terest to some of your readers. " The winter of 1779-80 was, in Amer- ica, the severest that had been known since 1741. From November 25 to the middle of March the cold was severe and almost uninterrupted. The following was the state of the thermometer (Fahren- heit) at Hartford, Conn. : ' 1, 178C », 2 deg. above. 2, " 7 below. 3, " 14 " above. 4, " 16 « " 5, " 6 •< « 6, « 10 " " 7, " 9 " " 8, " 1 " below. 9, " 5 (( above. 10, " 19 « 11, " 26 " 12, " 11 " 13, (( 8 « 14, " 9 (( 15, (( 15 " 16, K 10 " " 18, 12 " " " 19, 13 " below. « 20, 5 " above. coat, @ 60s. j ^'''' ^' ^• One jacket of broadcloth, lined with shalloon, @ 40s. One pair of long woollen trowsers, @ 8s. One blanket, @ 20s. 2 pair stockings, @ 6s. One pair checked woollen shirts, @ 22s. Total, £8. 6. 0. 2. 0. 0. 0. 8. 0. 1. 12. 0. 1. o_ 0. 280 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. These are, therefore, to pray the Honorable Court that the above account may be allowed, and your petitioner, as in duty bound, will ever pray. Shearjashub Goodspeed. " Hardwicke, Feb. 9, 1778." A large majority of the inhabitants of Hardwick were po- litically opposed to the War of 1812, and no action in its favor by the town is found on record. Personally, I remember that in consequence of a military requisition, there was an assembly of the militia in the spacious meeting-house, at which Major Thomas Wheeler presided. I was one of the excited group of boys who occupied the gallery, and witnessed the proceedings with intense interest. Although opposed to the war, Major Wheeler, as a good soldier, obeyed orders, and earnestly exhorted the soldiers to volunteer for the public service. At the close of his speech, he ordered a drummer to pass through the aisles, and invited volun- teers to " fall in." But, according to the best of my recollection, only one soldier responded. Con vers Cutler, Jr., followed the drummer on his noisy march round and round the house many times, but in vain. The attempt to procure volunteers was abandoned, and resort was had to the draft. Of those thus com- pelled to enter the army I remember only one, Jonathan Warner, Jr., son of my father's nearest neighbor. He returned safely after a short service, and subsequently removed to Hardwick, Vt., where he died in a good old age. Among the Hardwick soldiers in that war should be included Jacob D. Rand, a native of Chai-lestown, who resided here several years about the com- mencement of this century. Before the war, he enlisted as a soldier in the United States army, in which capacity he served until the surrender of General Hull, at Detroit, which act he al- ways regarded as cowardly, if not treacherous, and could never speak of it except in language of indignation. After he was lib- erated, either by exchange or parole, he returned here, resumed business as a cabinet maker, and died October 8, 1840, aged 63. A few weeks after the declaration of war, the Fourth of July was celebrated here by an oration in the densely-packed meeting- house, and a dinner and toasts under a bower on the Common. The orator was the Rev. Festus Foster, of Petersham, who sharply arraigned the Democratic party, represented by its great leader, Jefferson, and his successor, Madison, as responsible for the quarrel with England, which had resulted in war, — as he alleged under the influence and for the special interest of France. After MILITARY HISTORY. 281 extolling the administration of Washington and Adams, the ora- tor proceeded to denounce the measures adopted by the oppos- ing party : — ^ _ " Mr. Jefferson's accession to the Presidency formed a new era in our political history. . . . That sj'-stem of policy under which our nation had enjoyed unparalleled prosperity was discarded for the abortive experiments of a visionary philosophy. The internal taxes, which were laid to augment our naval establishment, were suddenly repealed, and our ships dismantled and abandoned. For our new philosophers considered a navy worse than useless ; and a full treasury, lest it should tempt the cupidity of foreign na- tions, and involve us in war. . . . European nations smiled at our folly, and seized our defenceless commerce. Our merchants petitioned to government for protection ; our government re- monstrated to the belligerents, who knew our weakness, and were insulted. Under the pretext of avenging our wrongs and insults, our whole commerce was suddenly annihilated ; man}"^ of our merchants made bankrupts ; our seamen made to beg their bread or flee their countr}^ ; and the whole community made poor in the midst of plenty. That a measure, which injured us more than all other nations, should be adopted and persevered in by our government, against the loud remonstrances of half the nation, is a m^'stery which yet remains to be explained, unless the hand of Napoleon was there. . . . The Embargo was not only ap- proved by France after it was laid, but it was known in Paris that such a measure was about to be adopted, before Mr. Jeffer- son recommended it to Congress. Can any one who impartially views these facts doubt for a moment who originated and imposed upon us that destructive system ? Do you wish to know who has annihilated neutral commerce, and barred you from the ocean ? Ask France. Do you wish to know why the importation of British goods into these United States has been prohibited by law ? Ask Fi'ance. Do you wish to know why and by whom you have been driven into a war with England ? Ask France. Her continental system has become the basis of our maritime law. The Embargo, under which we so long groaned and now groan, is her offspring. She dictates to us with whom we shall make peace, with whom war. We bow submissively to her im- perious mandates, and yet contend that we are free." The toasts, which followed the dinner, exhibit a similar parti- san spirit : ^ — 1 None of them, however, are quite so spicy as one which is said to have been 282 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. " The day we celebrate : It dissolved our union with Britain ; may it never witness our alliance with France. — The memory of Washington : Had not our rulers set at nought his counsels, we had been at peace. — James Madison : It is not the most dis- tinguishing trait in his character, that he does wrong by design, but that he should never do right by mistake. — His late Excel- lency Elbridge Gerry : Charity hopeth all things ; we therefore say to the proscriptions and outrages of his last year's administration, his poverty, and not his will, consented. — His Excellency Caleb Strong : At the call of his countrymen, he comes like Cincinna- tus, from the sweets of retirement to correct the abuses of a mal- administration, and restore to the people their equal rights. — The Hon. Timothy Pickering: A real patriot, ever faithful in declaring those stubborn facts which Democrats dread to hear. — Massachusetts : The first to resist the encroachments of foreign despotism, — may she be the last to submit to the usurpation of a domestic faction. — Thomas Jefferson : He found our govern- ment ' in the full tide of successful experiment ; ' he left it ebb- ing to the common vortex of Republics. . . . The projected con- quest of Canada : The feats of Don Quixote shall no longer excite laughter, nor his character want a parallel. . . . JModern Democracy : it has bruised our heel ; let the next presidential election break its head. — The United States of America: may they remember from whence they have fallen, repent, and do their first works." One volunteer toast may properly be ap- pended, concerning the " projected conquest of Canada," which, if not strictly decorous, was at least pointed and suggestive: President Madison : With both his feet in one stocking, and a Canada thistle in his small-clothes." Such is only a faint reflection of the intense political heat which was manifested by both Federalists and Democrats, before and during the War of 1812. Within the next ten years it sub- sided entirely, and was succeeded by what was styled " The Era of Good Feeling." Far different was the public sentiment at the commencement of the War of the Rebellion in 1861, and during its continuance until 1865. With scarcely any exceptions, the inhabitants of Hard wick, without distinction of party, ralUed to the support of offered by a zealous Democrat, in a and if God has n't a better opinion of neighboring town, on a similar occasion : them than I liave, he won't call them up — ' The Federalists.' May they die and then." be buried, and sleep till the resurrection ; MILITARY HISTORY. 283 the government, and promptly responded to all requisitions for men and money. Side by side, and with equal patriotic ardor, Republicans and Democrats marched to the frontiers, where they rendered faithful service, and some of them sacrificed their lives on their country's altar. The following list, gathered from tlie Adjutant General's official " Record of the Massachusetts Volun- teers," probably embi-aces the names of nearly all the soldiers fur- nished by this town in the Massachusetts Line. \2th Regiment Infantry {three years), 18G1. Names. Age. Date of Muster. Date of Discharge. George H. Rolston .... 28 Sept. 22, 1862. Ibth Regiment Infantry {three years), 1861. Sanforth Botham .... 18 July 31, 1861. Dec. 17, 1862. George W. Davis .... 18 Aug. 5, 1862. July 28, 1864. Silas D. Marsh 1 .... 26 July 12, 1861. Sept. 17, 1862. \^th Regiment Infantry {three years), 1861. George W. CampbelP . . 21 Aug. 24, 1861. Jan. 25, 1862. \%th Regiment Infantry {three years), 1861. Edward Dunn 3 18 Jan. 9, 1865. Jan. 31, 1865. August Ernst * 28 Jan. 9, 1865. March 28, 1865. Heury Lewis 24 March 22, 1864. John O'Brien 26 March 22, 1864. Joseph Patrick 21 March 22, 1864. June 30, 1865. Carl Rammelsburg .... 26 May 13, 1864. June 30, 1865. Thomas M. Stanton ... 27 March 22, 1864. 20th Regiment Infantry {three years), 1861. Henry J. Coburn .... 20 July 5, 1864. July 16, 1865. 2\st Regiment Infantry {three years), 1861. George F. Lawrence ^ ... 21 July 19, 1861. Aug. 30, 1864. Augustus T. Barnes •= ... 24 July 19, 1861. July 12, 1865. Lauriston Barnes ^ .... 22 Feb. 25, 1864. May 15, 1864. 1 Silas D. Marsh died at Antietam, ^ George F. Lawrence, promoted, sec- Md., September 17, 1862. end lieutenant, September 26, 1862 ; first 2 George W. Campbell died at Hall's lieutenant, March 6, 1863. Hill, Va., January 25, 1862. •> Augustus T. Barnes, transferred to ^ Edward Dunn died in the regimental 36th Regiment Infantry, January 2, 1864. hospital, January 31, 1865. "^ Lauriston Barnes, died of wounds, * August Ernst deserted, March 28, May 15, 1864, at Spottsylvania,Va. 1865, 284 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. Names. Barnes Brigbam ^ . . William li. Cleveland ^ Marcus A. Emmons ^ . Clark Hill .... Benjamin F. Pease . . Henry M. Sherman Oramel F. Thresher ^ . Gilman E. Warner ^ . Thomas Winn «... Hiram A. Wyman . . Age. Date 24 July 21 July 21 July 31 Aug. 43 July 18 July 18 July 22 July 19 July 22 July of Muster. 19, 1861. 19,1861. 19, 1861. 19, 1861. 19,1861. 19, 1861. 19, 1861. 19, 1861. 19, 1861. 19, 1861. Date of Discharge. Dec. 15, 1864. Aug. 19, 1863. June 2, 1864. Deserted. May 8, 1862. Jan. 2, 1864. May 26, 1862. Dec. 13, 1863. July 12, 1865. Aug. 30, 1864. 22d Regiment Infantry {three years), 1861. John Banti 22 June 23, 1864. William Brown 29 June 23, 1864. Francis Kenna 23 June 27, 1864. Thomas McGinnis .... 22 June 27, 1864. Michael Muldoon ^ .... 42 June 27, 1864. June 29, 1865. David Pichitte 19 June 23, 1864. Philip Wagner 22 June 22, 1864. Hiram V. Moultou Adin P. AVetherbee 2bth Regiment Infantry {three year's), 1861, Jan. 2, 1864. Nov. 28, 1864. 32 Oct. 12, 1861. 31 Sept. 21, 1861. 2Qth Regiment Infantry {three years), 1861. Charles Edraands .... 22 Jan. 10, 1865. 2%th Regiment Infantry {three years), 1861. Henry Bigelow 22 March 25, 1864. Thomas Hunt 22 March 25, 1864. Edward Lunt 8 19 March 25, 1864. Malcolm McGregor ... 21 March 25, 1864. June 30, 1865. June 20, 1865. April 23, 1864. June 22, 1865. Thomas Shannon 23 March 25, 1864. 30 3n RE .s i GA Q I TE ise $122,545 $401,069 229,100 18,393 122,545 21,985 $793,092 MANUFACTURES AND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS. From time to time the General Court has required from assess- ors, or other authorized agents, information concerning certain branches of industry. The earliest statistical tables on this sub- ject exhibited a very scanty summary for the year ending April 1, 1837. This was confined almost exclusively to manufactured articles, and consequently Hardwick ranked very low in the list : — " Saxony sheep, 2 ; merino sheep, 100 ; other kinds of sheep, 810 ; Saxony wool produced, 12 lbs. ; merino wool, 250 lbs. ; other kinds of wool, 1,600 lbs. ; average weight of fleece, 2^ lbs. ; value of wool, $1,000 ; capital invested, '$1,820. " Boots manufactured, 5,000 pairs ; shoes, 5,000 pairs ; value of boots and shoes, $14,500 ; males employed, 20 ; females, 8. STATISTICS. 301 " Tanneries, 2 ; hides tanned, 1,500 ; value of leather tanned and curried, 85,250 ; hands employed, 6 ; capital invested, 14,500. " Paper mills, 2 ; stock manufactured, 5o tons ; value of paper, $5,600 ; males employed, 6 ; females, 2 ; capital invested, $3,000. " Manufactory of chairs and cabinet ware, 1 ; value of chairs and cabinet ware, |1,000 ; hands employed, 2. "Plough manufactory, 1 ; ploughs manufactured, 150; value of the same, $900 ; employing one person, " Straw bonnets manufactured, 300 ; value of same, $500. " Palm-leaf hats manufactured, 75,000 ; value of same, $15,500." Twenty years later, Hardwick appears to better advantage in the Statistical Tables for the year ending June 1, 1855. Pkopertt. Number. Value. Ploughs and agricultural tools manufactun 3d. 12 SlOO Saddles manufactured , 1,000 Wagous and other vehicles manufactured . 3,700 Hides of all kinds tanned 1,700 7,000 Boots and shoes of all kinds . . 1,600 Palm-leaf hats manufactured . 3,000 Casks manufactured .... . 200 Boxes for packing, etc., manufactured , 9,000 Lumber, prepared for market . feet 65,000 9,800 Fire-wood, prepared for market cords 1,548 2,812 Horses ...... . , 282 18,080 Oxen, 360 ; steers, 92 . , , 452 25,951 Cows, 1,389 ; heifers, 256 . . 1,645 41,926 Swine raised ..... , 412 3,435 Sheep of all kinds .... 217 776 Wool produced .... lbs. 712 Butter . lbs. 33,725 6,745 Cheese ...... lbs. 310.540 31,054 Honey ...... . lbs. ' 80 14 Beeswax ..... lbs. 9 3 Indian corn ..... bush. 18,543 15,373 Wheat bush. 255 496 Rye bush. 1,825 1,844 Barley ...... bush. 1,171 953 Oats bush. 8,211 4,129 Potatoes ...... . bush. 24,892 12,516 Turnips ...... bush. 450 40 Carrots ...... bush. 840 210 English hay ...... tons 3,139 37,468 Meadow hay ..... . tons 1,000 5,000 Apple trees ..... , 4,878 3,467 Pear trees ...... • 336 52 302 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. The result of the very comprehensive census in 1875 is even more favorable to Hardwick in all respects, except in regard to manufactures, wherein it is very unsatisfactory. The quantity and value of land, buildings, trees, and animals have already been stated. The domestic and agricultural products enumerated are as follows : — Products. Quantity. Value. DOMESTIC PRODUCTS. — FOR SALE . Butter ....... lbs. 35,003 $12,419 Cheese ...... lbs. 124,493 14.358 Cider gals. 29,165 2,662 Dried fruit ..... lbs. 569 63 Firewood ...... cords 1,107 3,653 Maple molasses .... gals. 143 224 Palm-leaf hats (work on) 784 100 Quilts 4 12 Railroad sleepers ..... 3,777 1,294 Shingles ...... 100,000 300 Straw hats (work on) .... 144 18 Wine gals. 774 432 FOR USE. Blankets pairs 3 15 Boots ...... pairs 4 10 Butter ....... lbs. 17,303 5,902 Carpets ...... yds. 25 25 Cheese lbs. 6,248 794 Cider gals. 14,686 1,247 Dried fruit ...... lbs. 2,015 221 Firewood ...... cords 2,100 7,025 Maple sugar ...... lbs. 150 15 Maple molasses ..... gals. 103 138 Mittens ....... pairs 14 10 Quilts 3 9 Shoes ....... pairs 25 40 Socks pairs 41 27 Wine ....... gals. 77 95 Yarn lbs. 10 11 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS. Apples ....... bush. 24,364 7,921 Barley ...... bush. 285 292 Beans ....... hush. 170 384 Beans, string and shell bush. 52 88 Beef lbs. 133,162 11,087 Beeswax lbs. 8 2 STATISTICS. 303 Products Beets . Blackberries Blueberries Buckwheat Butternuts Cabbage . Carrots Cherries . Chestnuts Chickens, dressed Corn, green . Corn, Indian Corn, pop Crab-apples Cranberries . Cucumbers Currants Eggs Feathers Fodder, corn Game, wild . Geese, dressed Gooseberries Grapes Hay, English Hay, meadow Hay, clover Hay, millet Hides . Honey Hop-poles Huckleberries Ice Lettuce Mangoes Manure Melons . Milk . Millet . Mutton Oats Onions Parsnips Peaches Pears . Pease Pease, green Peppers Plums . bush. qts. qts. bush, bush, heads bush, bush, bush. lbs. bush, bush, bush, bush, bush, bush. qts. doz. lbs. tons lbs. qts. bush, tons tons tons tons lbs. qts. tons heads bush, cords gals, bush, lbs. bush, bush, bush, bush, bush, bush, bush, bush, bush. Quantity. 430 700 302 22 36 11,502 704 20 27 4,962 140 7,066 2a 27 22 91 775 8,362 63 101 168 40 478 4,093 818 1 7 62 160 1,108 3,403 37 800 100 3,545 50 172,582 6 400 3,522 475 36 166 59 4 134 2 4 Value. $271 71 30 26 16 928 349 37 50 958 152 6,925 42 30 88 88 65 2,165 15 1,088 30 34 4 398 60,939 6,904 15 100 252 44 339 235 50 36 50 10,572 5 19,208 14 32 2,416 615 29 281 125 6 205 4 15 304 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. Products. Quantity. Value. Pork lbs. 90,894 $8,873 Potatoes, Irish bush. 19,811 10,938 Poultry, other thau chickens, geese, and turkeys, lbs. 150 26 Pumpkins .... lbs. 26,300 153 Rye bush. 634 653 Seeds, grass .... bush. 2 6 Shellbarks .... bush. 20 45 Squashes .... lbs. 17,000 331 Straw ..... tons 40 567 Strawberries .... qts. 800 175 Tobacco ..... lbs. 11,600 1,160 Tomatoes .... bush. 315 244 Trees, fruit, in nurseries 120 65 Turkeys, dressed . lbs. 2,855 576 Turnips ..... bush. 4,157 1,125 Veal lbs. 60,865 7,062 "Wool, Saxony .... lbs. 15 5 Wool, other than Saxony lbs. 191 61 AGGREGATES. Domestic Products, for sale . _ $35,535 Domestic Products, for use . , , - 15,584 Hay, 4,919 tons , - 67,958 Other Agricultural Products • — 100,232 $219,309 This exhibition is creditable to a town whose entire population was only 1,992 ; especially when it is considered that one fifth part of the adult inhabitants were engaged in manufacturing establishments. But the account of manufactures and the re- sults of mechanical labor is very unsatisfactory. Excluding the value of butter and cheese manufactured, the sum total assigned to Hardwick is as follows : — STATISTICS. 305 Industries. Number of Estab- lishments. Value of Products. Blacksmithing Cheese-box making Carpentry aud joinery Lumber, planed, and boxes . Lumber, sawed Machinist's work Powder-keg making Wheelwrighting 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 $3,000 1,250 5,000 2,000 2,355 10 1,500 100 11 $15,215 The same census represents that 310 inhabitants of Hardwick were then employed in " manufactures and mechanical indus- tries ; " of whom 193 were woollen factory operatives, and 24 were paper makers ; yet I can find no evidence in the census that a yard of cloth or a pound of paper was manufactured in the town. Indeed, I cannot trace the manufacture of paper to any other town ; it is certain, however, that a manufactory was then in operation here. The manufacture of woollens is easily traced to the town of Ware, which has credit in the census for all the woollen goods manufactured here. The occasion of this transfer is indicated in an article published in the Boston " Daily Advertiser," October 7, 1880, concerning the several manufac- tui-ing establishments in Ware : — "After the dissolution of Gilbert & Stevens, the firm of George H. Gilbert & Co. was established, from which has sprung the George H. Gilbert Manufacturing Company, incorporated in 1867, with a paid-up capital of |250,000. The first president was George H. Gilbert ; but his death occurring one year later, the present officers of the company were chosen, as follows : Lewis N. Gilbert, president ; Charles D. Gilbert, treasurer; and J. H. Grenville Gilbert, secretary. In 1860 was erected, in addition to the granite mill in Ware, a brick mill, 130 by 56 feet, five stories high, on the site of the old paper mill in Hard- wick, four and a half miles north of Ware, to increase the manu- facture of flannel goods. In the immediate vicinity of the new mill were built many tenements for the operatives ; thus was formed Gilbertville, named in honor of its founder. Three other brick mills have been built there, — one, 125 by 60 feet, three stories high ; another, 84 by 60 feet, four stories high ; and 20 306 HISTORY OF HARDWTCK. a third, 230 by 68 feet, five stories high. The two hundred tenement-houses owned by the company, on its 325 acres, con- stitute the entire settlement of what is probably the prettiest strictly manufacturing village in Massachusetts. It is on the line of the Ware River and Massachusetts Central Railroads. The greater part of the manufactures of the company are now produced at Gilbertville ; and as a large part of the dress goods and blankets woven at Gilbertville are finished at Ware, the few statistics given below refer to the total products at all these mills." Being unwilling that Hardwick should be shorn of one of its chief glories, as it is by the census of 1875, and desiring to state the precise facts in the case, I addressed an inquiry to the pres- ident of the corporation, who gave me the desired information, to wit : The foregoing statement in the " Daily Advertiser " was correct when it was written ; but since that time the business at Gilbertville has been greatly enlarged. To the mill erected in 1860 an addition has been made, 151 feet in length by 82 feet in width, and nine sets of machinery have been added ; so that, in 1883, the following statistics are substantially accurate : — Capital $250,000 Sets of machinery .... 47 Wool consumed, per day . . . 17,000 pounds. Operatives employed .... 1,000 Goods manuflictured, per year . . 3,500,000 yards. Value of goods manufactured • . $2,500,000. Of these forty-seven sets of machinery, forty sets are operated in Hardwick and seven in Ware ; and these numbers may be supposed to indicate with sufiicient accuracy the proportion of goods manufactured in the respective towns. Hardwick may therefore claim much the largest share of this immense business. Although the owners, who furnish the capital and control the operations, reside in Ware, the water-power and almost all the mills are within our limits ; most of the operatives both dwell here and perform their daily tasks here ; the stock is brought here in the form of raw materials, and is here converted into manufactured goods. The beautiful village of Gilbertville, where this business is transacted, has been elsewhere described. It may suffice to add here, that the land was purchased and the first mill erected in 1860, and that the business of manufacturing was commenced in STATISTICS. 307 18G2. George H. Gilbert, the first president of the company which bears his name, was bora at Brookhai, Conn., and died at Ware, May G, 1869. The present president, Hon. Lewis N. Gilbert, is the nephew, and Charles D. Gilbert, treasurer, and J. II. Grenville Gilbert, secretary, are the sons of George H. Gilbert. His youngest son, Edward H. Gilbert, has also recently become a member of the company. Furnaces and Forge. The subject of manufactures should not be dismissed without a brief notice of what was formerly a very important branch of industry. At the original division of lands by the proprietors, a mill lot, sometimes called " saw-mill lot," was laid out, which included a part of what is now called " Furnace Village." Moose Brook furnished the water-power, which remains in constant use, even to the present day. Besides the saw-mill and grist-mill, which were erected very early, and a cloth-dressing establishment of a later date, a Furnace for the manufacture of iron hollow-ware was erected about the middle of the last century, ^ which, for sixty or seventy years, furnished employment to many persons. The larger part, if not the whole, of the iron ore was procured in West Brookfield ; but, notwith- standing the expense of transporting this principal material, the business yielded a satisfactory profit. A general assortment of hollow-ware was manufactured, from the ponderous and capacious potash-kettles,^ then in use, to tea-kettles, pans, spiders, skillets, and even smaller culinary vessels ; for all which articles a ready market was obtained. In the Revolutionary War, this furnace rendered important public service, which is mentioned in a j^etition which is still preserved : " To the Hon. Council and the Hon. House of Repre- sentatives of the State of Massachusetts Bay in New England, humbly show Stephen Rice and James Woods, in behalf of them- selves and partners, owners of a Furnace at Hardwick, in the County of Worcester, that your petitioners have agreed to fur- nish the Commissary General of this State with a large quantity of Cannon Ball and other warlike stores, a part of which we have already supplied, which are allowed to be of the very best kind. 1 The ]irecise date of its erection I have some things that happened in the course not ascertained; hut, as early as 1763, of his life." Deacon Joseph Allen became one of the ^ In the days of my boyhood there were joint-owners, which he afterwards la- two manufactories of potash in Ilard- mented in a poetical account of "the wick, — one owned by Jason Mixter, Esq., time and place of the author's birth, and and the other by Dr. William Cutler. 308 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. We have with great difficulty, by reason of the scarcity of labor, procured stock for making another blast, which has been at- tended with considerable additional expense, by reason of the large draughts of men which have been made from among us. We are at this present time just entering on said blast, and under- standing that this Honored Court have just ordered one half of the militia of said County of Worcester to march to Ticonderoga on an alarm, it will be impossible to proceed in carrying on our blast should one half of the militia of Hardwick and New Brain- tree be ordered to march. Wherefore your petitioners pray that thirty persons, which is the number employed in carrying on the business of said Furnace, may be excused from the present or a future requisition of men, during our present blast, from said towns of Hardwick and New Braintree. And your petitioners, as in duty bound, shall ever pray. Stephen Rice. James Woods. Dated at Watertown, Oct. 25, 1776." i During the continuance of a " blast," — generally a period of five or six months, — the fire was not quenched nor the labor intermitted. As on shipboard, relays of hands wrought day and night, not resting even on the Sabbath. After such continuous labor for several months, the workmen gladly hailed the day when the fire was extinguished for the purpose of constructing a new crucible and making general repairs. This was technically called "blowing out," and the day was devoted to unlimited fun and jollity. Some of the jovial frolics and wild pranks of the laborers are still remembered by the elderly inhabitants ; but, perhaps, it may not be well to record them as matters of histor3%2 It should be added, that many who were gay and merry " furnace- men" in their younger days were afterwards among our most respected citizens, and attained honorable and official position, both in town and in commonwealth. For several years before the manufacturing of iron was discontinued, this furnace was owned and managed by Colonel Samuel Billings and Mr. Har- mon Chamberlain. 1 Mass. Arch., clxxxi. 288. heiicl. The victim required nursing sev- 2 Take one specimen : A mock-trial oral days, being kept quiet, meanwliile, was had, and the alleged culprit sen- by a plentiful supply of his favorite bev- tenced to be hung. As his chin was un- erage. naturally short, the attempt to execute It is related of one who became in- him was unsuccessful. A piece of slag, toxicated early in the morning and slept resembling an auger, was then found, in his bunk until evening, that he after- and an effort made to bore a hole through wards lamented that " he lost all his sport his neck, so that a pin might be inserted at the ' blowing out,' by getting drunk too to prevent the rope from slipping over his soon." STATISTICS. 309 Early in the present centui-y another furnace was erected on Ware River, about a quarter of a mile above the dam at Gilbert- ville. The spot is marked " New Furnace " on the R. Map, and this name was applied to the whole neighborhood until it was superseded by the present name of Gilbertville. The projectors of this enterprise were Colonel Thomas Wheeler,^ a blacksmith and very skillful worker of iron, and Mr. Lemuel Harrington, formerly a tanner, but retired from that business and willing to invest capital in a new adventure. In the '* Massachusetts Spy," July 12, 1815, Jesse Bliss advertised that " The new Furnace, lately erected by Harrington, Wheeler & Co., on Ware River in Hardwick, is now in blast." I know not who wei'e the other members of the company. The business was probably not very successful, and it was not long continued. Colonel Wheeler removed to Ticonderoga in 1818 or 1819, and those who were left behind had not his skill or energy as iron-workers. Before the erection of this new furnace, Colonel Wheeler carried on business at a Forge which stood near the spot now occupied by the large mill of the George H. Gilbert Manufactur- ing Company on the west side of the River. This forge seems to have been erected by Isaac Thomas, who bought seven acres of land, July 18, 1763, of Captain Daniel Warner, with certain rights in Ware River ; said Warner reserving the privilege to build " one half of a saw-mill on the ditch said Thomas is cutting or may hereafter cut for conveying the water out of said River to carry a saw-mill and other mills." In March, 1765, the town " voted to Mr. Isaac Thomas the sum of X26. 13. 4., said Thomas having engaged to build a sufficient bridge over Ware River near his Iron-works." Mr. Thomas sold one third part of this estate to Joseph Blake, October 20, 1763, and Blake sold his share to Lot Whitcomb, January 18, 1770, which then embraced one third part of a dwelling-house, one third of a corn-mill, one sixth of a saw-mill, and one third of a forge and coal-house. In October, 1772, this forge is described as the property of Samuel Beals and Amos Thomas. I have not further traced the change of ownership. While the forge was in possession of Colonel Wheeler, a sad event occurred. As I remember the story, Nathan Bonney, aged 17 years, in a competitive trial of strength, lifted one of the trip-hammers, weighing six hundred pounds ; he very 1 Colonel "Wheeler's son, William A. in Worcester, acquired a wide reputation Wheeler, as manager of a furnace in and a large estate. Brookfield and an extensive iron-foundry 310 HISTORY OF HARD WICK. sooi) became sick, and died April 13, 1811, as it was reported, " of spotted fever, after an illness of 34 hours ; " ^ but his death was generally supposed to have been occasioned by his foolhardy rashness. Paper INIills. About the year 1832 a paper mill was erected by Joseph S. and Moses Smith on Ware River, on the spot now occupied by one of the mills of the George H. Gilbert Manufacturing Company. The easterly end, with two engines, was rented to Thornton K. Merrick and William Dickinson for the manufacture of wrapping paper. The westerly end, fitted for four engines, was occupied by William Mixter and Moses Smith, about two years, for the manufacture of printing paper, and afterwards by Moses Smith alone. In 1842 tlie building was leased to Laflin and Clark, who manufactured writing paper ; at the expiration of their lease it was again rented to George Maynard for the same purpose ; while in his hands, the building was burned, and the business was abandoned. In 1866, Dr. Almon M. Orcutt of Hardwick, and Dr. D. W. Miner and Mr. George Robinson of Wai'e, purchased the water-privilege on Ware River, near Barre, long known as " White's Mills," designated on the R. Map by the letters "N. W.," and organized the " Ware River Paper Co." They im- mediately commenced the erection of a mill, which was com- pleted in 1867, at the cost of $75,000. About this time Mr. Robinson withdrew from the company, and the business was carried on by Drs. Orcutt and Miner about three years. The principal article manufactured was white wall paper. In 1870, Fred. A. Mellen, who had been superintendent for Drs. Orcutt and Miner, purchased the mill, and manufactured book paper until the following year, Avhen he died, and the business seems to have been discontinued. It was afterwards resumed, and prosecuted with more or less regularity and success, and with occasional interruptions. About 1880 a new company was organized, understood to con- sist of Henry Page of Fitchburg, George W. Wheelwright and D. S. Greenough of Boston, and Andrew J. Bartholomew of Southbridge, with a capital of $(80,000. The mill is well sup- plied with all the modern improvements for paper-making, and its capacity is about to be increased by additional machinery. The following facts in regard to its present condition were kindly 1 Massachusetts Spy, April 24, 1811. STATISTICS. 311 furnished by the superintendent, J. W. Plowman, undei' date of February 13, 1882 : " Page Paper Co. is the title of this cor- poration. Number of hands, — male 23, female 14. We manu- facture a N'^ 1 News, and Book Papers of various kinds, of which we produce about 800 tons per annum. The present company commenced business a little more than a year ago." CHAPTER XVI. CIVIL OFFICERS. Councillors. — Senators. — Representatives. — Delegates to Congresses aad Conventions. — Justices of the Coui't of Common Pleas. — Justices of the Peace. — Moderators. — Selectmen. — Assessors. — Town Clerks. — Town Treasurers. The following list of Civil Officers, resident in Hardwick, is compiled chiefly from official records of the State and of the Town : — COUNCILLORS. General Timothy Ruggles was elected Councillor in 1764, but de- clined the service. He was appointed Mandamus Councillor in 1774, and was sworn into office. General Jonathan Warner, being one of the Senators of the County, was elected Councillor in 1795 and 1796. SENATORS. Jonathan Warner, 1781-1785, Joseph Stone, 1845, 1846. 1791-1796. John Raymond, 1850. Samuel Eastman, 1819, 1820. William Mixter, 1857. REPRESENTATIVES. Timothy Ruggles, 1754, 1755, Ichabod Dexter, 1782, 1783. 1757-1759, 1761-1770. John Hastings, 1786, 1800-1804, Daniel Oliver, 1770. 1809. Paul Mandell, 1773, 1774. Martin Kinsley, 1787, 1788, 1790- Stephen Rice, 1775, 1777, 1784. 1792, 1794-1796.^ William Paige, 1776, 1778-1780. Timothy Paige (Esq.), 1805-1821.=' Jonathan Warner, 1777, 1780, Seth Peirce, 1806. 1785,1798,1799. Jason Mixter, 1810, 1815, 1816, Timothy Paige (Colonel), 1781. 1837. 1 Major Kinsley removed to Hampden, and Judge of Probate. He died at Eox- Me., in 1798, and was afterwards repre- bury, June 20, 1835. sentative, senator, councillor, representa- ^ Timothy Paige died in oflSce, Octo- tivein Congress, Judge of Common Pleas, ber 29, 1821, having served for seventeen successive years. CIVIL OFFICERS. 813 Jeduthun Spooner, 1811-1814. Franklin Ruggles, 1850. Joseph Stone, 1823. Alvan Southworth, 1851. Samuel Billings, 1826, 1827, 1829. Forester B. Aiken, 1852, 1860. Moses Allen, 1830, 1832, 1838. William Mixter, 1854, 1856, 1868. Scotto Berry, 1833. James P. Lynde, 1855. Samuel F. Cutler, 1835. Orin Trow, 1861. Gardner Ruggles, 1838, 1839. Albert E. Knight, 1864. John Raymond, 1840. Samuel S. Dennis, 1866. William Anderson, 1841, 1842. Jubal C. Gleason, 1870. Stephen W, Paige, 1843, 1844. Almon M. Orcutt, 1874. Constant Southworth, 1847, 1857. James H. Walker, 1882. DELEGATES TO TROVINCIAL CONGRESSES. Paul Mandell, „,_,., (1st) at Concord, October, 1774. Stephen Rice, ^ Paul Mandell, (2d) at Cambridge, February, 1775. William Paige, ^ Stephen Rice, > (3d) at Watertown, May, 1775. Jonathan Warner, ) DELEGATES TO CONVENTIONS. Paul Mandell, ^ Stephen Rice, I At Worcester, August, 1774, County Convention Jonathan Warner, C for the Public Safety. John B radish, J William Paige, '] ^^ Cambridge, September, 1779, to frame a Con- Jonathan Warner, V gtitution for the State. John Hastings, J Timothy Paige (Colonel), at Concord, October, 1779, to affix prices. Martin Kinsley, at Boston, February, 1788, to act on Federal Constitu- tion. Timothy Paige (Esq.), ) At Boston, November, 1820, to revise the Con- Joseph Stone, ) stitution of Massachusetts. JUSTICES OF THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS. Timothy Ruggles, April 19, 1757, Jonathan Warner, May 27, 1799, Chief Justice January 21, 1762- died January 7, 1803. 1774. JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. Jonathan Warner, April 26, 1787 ; also of the Quorum. Martin Kinsley, October 14, 1789 ; died at Roxbury, 1835. Seth Paddleford, July 2, 1796.1 died September 16, 1809. John Hastings, February 4, 1802 ; died May 29, 1829. 1 Removed to Taunton, and was Judge of Probate; he died January 7, 1810. Timothy Ruggles, April 19, 1754 also of the Quorum. Daniel Oliver, January 13, 1768 died in England, May 6, 1826. Paul Mandell, September 26, 1775 314 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. Timothy Paige, May 9, 1803 ; Quo- rum, August 29, 1816; died Oc- tober 29, 1821. William Cutler, February 20, 1808 ; died February 9, 1832. Daniel Ruggles, March 9, 1811; died February 26, 1838. Samuel Eastman, November 18, 1812 ; Quorum, January 20, 1820.1 Thomas Wheeler, February 21, 1814.2 Samuel Hinkley, January 22, 1819 ; died January 19, 1849. Jason Mixter, June 16, 1821 ; died January 31, 1850. Samuel F. Cutler, February 17, 1824.8 Samuel Billings, January 22, 1828." Joseph Stone, January 29, 1828 ; died June 27, 1849. Ebenezer Perry, January 26, 1829 ; died June 27, 1845. Joseph Knox, May 14, 1831.^ Gardner Ruggles, December 13, 1839 ; died August 5, 1853. John Raymond, February 17, 1841 ; died June 6, 1854. Joel W. Fletcher, IMay 22, 1841." Stephen W. Paige, IMarch 1, 1843 ; died February 24, 1871. William Mixter, March 1, 1845. William Anderson, February 17, 1848; died April 21, 1867. Constant Southworth, April 15, 1850 ; died December 5, 1877. Dwight Billings, April 30, 1851.' Almon M. Orcutt, March 22, 1854. James P. Lynde, May 23, 1855.^ John G. Dennis, July 15, 1856 ; died July 31, 1858. Daniel S. Collins, September 2, 1858. Andrew J. Bartholomew, Novem- ber 18, 1858. Removed to South- bridge. Albert E Knight, May 27, 1861. James P. Fay, April 27, 1864; Trial Justice, April 27, 1869. William H. Tucker, January 16, 1867. John F. Rich, August 24, 1871. G. Albert Williams, Trial Justice, April 22, 1873. Alfred H. Richardson, December 21, 1875. Moderators of Annual Town Meetings. Benjamin Smith, 1737.® Joseph Allen, 1738, 1740-1742, 1745, 1766-1769, 1771, 1773, 1775. Christopher Paige, 1739,i« 1744, 1747, 1749, 1750, 1754, 1758. Eleazar Warner, 1743, 1746, 1748. Constant Merrick, 1751. 1 Removed to Springfield ; died at Am herst, April 11, 1865. 2 Removed to Ticonderoga, N. Y. ; died at Worcester, April 26, 1851. 3 Removed to Amherst, and died there, September 9, 1863. ^ Removed to Greenfield ; died at Worcester, May 13, 1868, ^ Removed to Rock Island, 111.; died August 6, 1881. Benjamin Ruggles, 1752, 1753, 1755, 1759, 1762, 1765, 1770. ^Paul Maudell, 1756, 1757, 1760, 1761. Timothy Ruggles, 1763, 1764. William Paige, 1772, 1774, 1776- 1778, 1781. Jonathan Warner, 1779, 1780, ^ Removed to Leominster and Cam- bridge; died at Chicago, February 15, 1880. ■^ Removed to Connecticut ; died No- vember 23, 1881. s Removed to Athol. ^ District meeting. 1*^ First March meeting after incorpora- tion of the town. CIVIL OFFICERS. 515 1782, 1787, 1788, 1790, 1791, 1795, 1798, 1799, 1801. David Allen, 1783-1786, 1793. Martin Kinsley, 1789, 1794, 179G. Daniel Warner, 1792. John Hastings, 1797. Daniel Ruggles, 1800. Timothy Paige, 1802-1821, except 1807. James Paige, 1807. Samuel Eastman, 1822, 1823. William Cutler, 1824. Samuel Billings, 1825-1827, 1833. Moses Allen, 1828-1830. Ebenezer Perry, 1831, 1832, 1836, 1841. Joseph Knox, 1834, 1835, 1837. John Raymond, 1838-1840, 1842- 1850, 1852. Constant Southworth, 1851, 1853, 1855, 1857-1860, 1863, 1866, 1867, 1873. Almon M. Orcutt, 1854, 1856. William Mixter, 1861, 1862, 1865. Joseph W. Powers, 1864, 1868- 1871. Samuel S. Dennis, 1872, 1874- 1882. Selectmen. Benjamin Smith, 1737, 1739. Joseph Allen, 1737, 1738, 1740- 1742, 1745-1748, 1750, 1751, 1756, 1757, 1766-1769, 1771- 1773. Samuel Robinson, 1737, 1741, 1742, 1748,1752-1757. Stephen Griffith, 1737. Benjamin Ruggles, 1737, 1738, 1743, 1744, 1746, 1749, 1750, 1752-1755, 1758, 1759, 1761, 1765, 1770. Jonathan Warner, 1738, 1740- 1742, 1745, 1751. John Wells, 1738-1741. Constant Merrick, 1738, 1739, 1742, 1747, 1749, 1756, 1760, 1762-1764, 1770. .Paul Mandell, 1756, 1757, 1760, 1761, 1765, 1766, 1770, 1772- 1775. Ezra Leonard, 1760, 1767, 1768, 1776. John Cooper, 1761. Stephen Fay, 1762-1764. William Paige, 1765, 1769-1773, 1775-1778. Roland Sears, 1767-1769, 1771. Joseph Warner, 1770. Thomas Robinson, 1771-1773, 1776, 1777. Dauiel Warner, 1771-1773, 1776, 1784, 1786. Timothy Newton, 1774, 1777, 1786. Stephen Rice, 1774, 1775, 1779, 1780. Eleazar Warner, 1739, 1743, 1744, Jonathan Warner (General), 1774, 1746-1748. William Thomas, 1739. Christopher Paige, 1740, 1741, 1743, 1744, 1749-1751. John Foster, 1740, 1741. George Abbott, 1742. Nathaniel Whitcomb, 1745, 1752, 1753, 1758, 1759. Timothy Ruggles, 1754. Elisha Hedge, 1755, 1758, 1759, 1762-1764. 1775, 1779. Elisha Billings, 1774. John Bradish, 1775. Abraham Knowlton, 1776, 1780. David Allen, 1777, 1781-1785, 1792-1798. Timothy Paige (Colonel), 1777- 1780. Gamaliel Collins, 1778. Daniel Billings, 1778, 1782, 1784, 1787-1790. 316 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. Elijah Warner, 1779, 1780, 1782, 1793-1795. John Hastings, 1778-1780, 1795. Aaron Barlow, 1781. '^Ichabod Dexter, 1781, 1782, 1785. Ephraim Pratt, 1781. Isaiah Hatch, 1781, 1782. Daniel Egery, 1783, 1787-1792. James Paige, Jr. (Major), 1783- 1786, 1791-1794, 1803-1805. Charles Doolittle, 1783. John Paige, 1783-1785. ^ Moses Mandell, 1785, 1786, 1800- 1802, 1817. James Lawton, 1786. Seth Peirce, 1787-1791, 1803- . 1805. Nathaniel Paige, 1787. Seth Johnson, 1787-1790. Job Dexter, 1788-1794, 1796- 1799, 1803-1805. Lemuel Willis, 1791, 1792. Prince Nye, 1793-1799, 1806- 1810. ^eth Hinkley, Jr., 1795, 1796. Jeduthun Spooner, 1796-1800, 1811, 1812. Jonathan Dauforth, 1797. Timothy Paige (Esq.), 1798-1810, 1817-1821. Daniel Ruggles, 1799-1802. Samuel Hiukley, 1800-1810. Samuel Beals, 1801, 1802. Jason Mixter, 1806-1810, 1817- 1819, 1835-1839. Lemuel Newton, 1806. Elijah B. Harmon, 1807, 1811. Henry Fish, 1808-1812. Jonathan Warner, 1811-1813. Samuel Dexter, Jr., 1811-1813, 1829. Moses Allen, 1812-1815, 1817- 1825, 1829-1831, 1835, 1836. Lewis Howe, 1813, 1814. Samuel Eastman, 1813-1816. Thomas Egery, 1814-1816. Thomas R. Smith, 1814-1816, 1836, 1837. Moses Wheeler, 1815, 1816. Samuel Billings, 1816, 1818-1825. Joseph Stone, 1817-1822, 1826. Ezra Ruggles, 1820. Samuel F. Cutler, 1821-1825, 1836. William Walker, 1822-1B24. David Paige, 1823. Scotto Berry, 1824, 1826-1829, \ 1835. ^Martin Mandell, 1825. Ebenezer Perry, 1825-1828. Charles Paige, 1826. William Sumner, 1826. Stephen Morton, 1827. John Gilbert, 1827, 1828. Joseph Robinson (Colonel), 1827, 1828, 1830. Joseph Robinson, 2d, 1828-1830. Haffield Gould, 1829-1832, 1836- 1845. Warren Smith, 1830. John Dean, 1831-1833, 1847, 1848. Beals Thomas, 1831. Marshall Nye, 1831, 1832. Josejih Knox, 1832. Walter Mandell, 1832-1834. Timothy P. Anderson, 1833, 1834. Joseph Whipple, 1833. Ebenezer Burt, Jr., 1833. Anson F. Allen, 1834. James Browning, 1834, 1838, 1839. John Raymond, 1834, 1837-1840, 1842-1850, 1852-1854. Elbridge Cutler, 1835. Mark Haskell, 1835. Charles C. Spooner, 1837-1839, 1846-1848, 1852, 1865-1868. Sardius Sibley, 1840. William Anderson, 1840-1846, 1854, 1856. Adolphus Bartholomew, 1840. Gardner Bartholomew, 1841, 1847. William Mixter, 1841-1843. CIVIL OFFICERS. 317 Erastu3 W. Paige, 1841-1846. Asa Sturtevant, 1844-1846. Constant Southworth, 1847-1849, 1851, 1854, 1855, 1863, 1864. Timothy Fay, 1848. Lilly S. Manly, 1849, 1850, 1856. Dwight Billings, 1850, 1851, 1853. Moses Lawrence, 1851, 1855. Forester B. Aiken, 1851. Orin Trow, 1851, 1863, 1865-1868. James H. Walker, 1852, 1856, 1857, 1872-1874. ^ Joseph W. Powers, 1853, 1854, 1856-1862. Adonijah Dennis, 1855. Alvin Cleveland, 1855. H. G. Otis Monroe, 1855. Henry B. Gould, 1856-1862. George Manly, 1857-1862, 1869- 1882. William P. Ruggles, 1857. Elbridge Mandell, 1863. Nathan W. Sargent, 1864. Samuel S. Dennis, 1864-1882. Calvin W. Mann, 1869-1871. Alfred H. Richardson, 1875. George Warner, 1876-1882. Assessors. William Maccoye, 1737. Benjamin Ruggles, 1737, 1738, 1741, 1743, 1744, 1746, 1749, 1750, 1758, 1759, 1761. Experience Johnson, 1737. Joseph Allen, 1738, 1740-1742, 1745-1748, 1750-1757, 1765- 1767, 1773. Jonathan Warner, 1738, 1745. John Wells, 1738, 1739. Constant Merrick, 1738, 1739, 1742, 1747, 1749, 1760, 1762- 1764. Eleazar Warner, 1739, 1743, 1744, 174G-1748. Benjamin Smith, 1739. William Thomas, 1739. Christopher Paige, 1740, 1743, 1744, 1749, 1750. John Foster, 1740, 1741. Samuel Robinson, 1742, 1748, 1757. Nathaniel Whitcomb, 1745, 1758, 1759. Paul Mandell, 1751, 1752, 1754- 1757, 1760, 1761, 1769, 1770, 1772, 1774, 1775. Stephen Fay, 1751, 1753, 1762- 1766. John Cooper, 1752-1756, 1761, 1765, 1766, 1768, 1769. Elisha Hedge, 1758, 1759, 1762- 1764. Ezra Leonard, 1760. Jonas Fay, 1766, 1767. Thomas Wells White, 1767-1769, 1771, 1776, 1777. Challis SafFord, 1769. Joseph Warner, 1770. William Paige, 1770, 1772, 1773, 1776. Daniel Wheeler, 1771, 1783. David Allen, 1771, 1777, 1778, 1780, 1783-1787, 1795, 1796. Daniel Warner, 1772, 1773, 1776- 1780, 1784-1786. Stephen Rice, 1774, 1775. Josiah Lock, 1774. Barnabas Sears, 1775. Thomas Wheeler, 1777, 1782. John Hastings, 1777, 1779, 1782, 1793, 1794. Silvanus Washburn, 1778-1780, 1782-1787. Ephraim Cleveland, 1781. Seth Johnson, 1781. James Paige, Jr. (Major), 1781, 1787-1794, 1796, 1803-1805, 1809-1811, 1813. Daniel Ruggles, 1787-1792, 1801, 1802, 1823-1825. 318 HISTORY OF HARDWICK. Lemuel Willis, 1788-1800, 1802, 1806, 1807. Jonathan Danforth, 1795, 1797. Seth Hinkley, 1797-1800. Timothy Paige, 1798-1821. Moses Mandell, 1801, 1806-1808, 1817-1819. Jeduthim Spooner, 1803-1805, 1814-1816. Timothy Billings, 1808-1811. 'Samuel Hinkley, 1812, 1813. Thomas Wheeler (Colonel), 1812. Ebenezer Perry, 1814-1816, 1826- 1830, 1835, 1837, 1841. Samuel Billiugs, 1817-1828, 1833, 1834. Moses Allen, 1820, 1822-1825, 1828-1831, 1835, 1836. Lemuel Harrington, 1821, 1822. Samuel F. Cutler, 1826, 1827, 1835, 1836. Franklin Ruggles, 1829. Walter Mandell, 1830-1834, 1837- 1840. Scotto Berry, 1831, 1832. Joseph Whipple, 1831-1834, 1841. David Billings, 1831. Ebenezer Burt, Jr., 1836-1838. Gardner Ruggles, 1838-1840, 1844, 1850. Sardius Sibley, 1839. Anson F. Allen, 1840-1843, 1850, 1851, 1857-1800. Adolphus Bartholomew, 1842,1843. John Raymond, 1842-1849, 1852- 1854. William Anderson, 1844-1846, 1850-1852, 1854, 1856. Dwight Billings, 1845-1849. Lilly S. IManly, 1847-1849. Moses Ruggles, 1851, 1866. Constant Southvvorth, 1852-1854, 1805. Edward Dean, 1853. Timothy Fay, 1855. Lysander Powers, 1855. Emory B. Foster, 1855, 1863. Forester B. Aiken, 1856-1860. AYiiliam Browning, 1856, 1857. William P. Ruggles, 1858, 1859, 1861. Moses Smith, 1860. Orin Trow, 1861, 1862. ^Joel D. Mandell, 1861-1863. Leander Sibley, 1862-1864, 1866- 1873. James W. Powers, 1864, 1867- 1870. George Manly, 1864, 1867, 1868. Nathan W. Sargent, 1865. John B. Aiken, 1865. George Warner, 1866, 1869-1874. John'j. Newcomb, 1871-1877. Samuel D. Kendall, 1874-1878. Joel L. Powers, 1875-1882. James P. Fay, 1878-1882. Calvin W. Mann, 1879-1882. Town Clerks. Samuel Robinson, 1737, 1738, Thomas Wells White, 1769,= 1771, 1741,^ 1742. Cornelius Cannon, 1739. John Foster, 1740, 1741. Experience Johnson, 1743-1746. Joseph Allen, 1747-1764. John Cooper, 1765-1769. J Eleoted in place of John Foster. 3 Elected in place of John Cooper. 8 Elected iu place of Thomas Wells White. 1777. Paul INIandell, 1770. David Allen, 1777.^ Silvauus Washburn, 1778-1787. Lemuel Willis, 1787 M800, 1806- 1808, 1810, 1811. * Elected in place of Silvanus Wash- burn. CIVIL OFFICERS. 319 Jeduthun Spooner, 1801-1805. Samuel Eastman, 1809. ^Samuel Hiukley, 1812-1828. Joseph Stone, 1829-1848. William Mixter, 1849-1857. Almon M. Orcutt, 1858, 18G0. George Ruggles, 1859, ISGO.^ Albert E. Kuiglit, 18G1-1882. Town Treasurers. John Wells, 1737-1740. Joseph Allen, 1741, 1742, 1763- 1769. Benjamin Ruggles, 1743. Jonatluui Warner, 1744-1762. Jonathan Warner (General), 1770- 1777, 1779, 1780. David Allen, 1778. Timothy Paige, 1781-1786. Martin Kinsley, 1787-1792. Daniel Ruggles, 1793-1798. Joseph Allen (2d), 1799-1807. Elijah B. Harmon, 1808-1810, 1812-1825. Moses Mandell, 1811. Elbridge Cutler, 1826-1831. Jason Mixter, 1832-1835, 1840- 1845. Walter Mandell, 1836, 1837. Gardner Ruggles, 18.')8, 1839. William Mixter, 1846-1849, 1851- 1862. Dvvight Billings, 1850, Frazier Paige, 18G3-1866. Albert E. Knight, 1867-1877. Lucieu D. Trow, 1878. Almon M. Orcutt, 1879-1882. 1 Died January 7, 18G1, and A. M. Orcutt served for remainder of his term. GENEALOGICAL REGISTER.^ Abbott, George, " with three sons, George, Nehemiah, and Thomas, emi- grated from England. He d. in Rowley, a. d. 1647." Abbott Genealogy, p. 147. 2. (lEORGE, s. of George (1), " settled in Andover 1655, where he m.. May 1658, Sarali Farninii, and lived near the North meeting-house, served as sex- ton, and was respected; he d. 22 Mar. 1689; she d. 1728, a. 90, the widow of Henry Ingalls, who d. 1719, a. 92. Their chil. were George, b. 28 Jan. 1659, d. 24' Jan. 1724; Sarah, b. 6 Sep. 1660; John, b. 26 Aug. 1662; Mary, b. 29 Mar. 1664; Nehemiah, b. 20 July 1667; d. 8 Oct. 1750; Hannah, b. 20 Sep. 1668; Mehetahel, b. 17 Feb. 1671, d. young; Lydia, b. 29 Sep. 1675; Samuel, b. 30 May 1678; Mehetahel, b. 4 Ap. 1680." Abbott Gen. p. 147. 3. George, s. of George (2), " m., 1689, Elizabeth Ballard, who d. May 1706, and he m. Hannah Easty." His chil. were " George, b. 17 July 1691; Uriah, b. 26 Nov. 1G92, d. 7 Ap. 1770; Jacob, b. 19 Mar. 1694, m., 1722, Ruth Foster, settled in Brookfield, Mass.; Elizabeth, b. 6 Nov. 1695, m., 1714, Deac. David Foster, Boxford, who d. June 1759; Obed, b. 6 Mar. 1697, d. 11 May 1772; Moses, b. 4 Feb. 1699; Peter; Sarah, m. Comfort Barns, Brookfield; Hannah, ra., 1727, David Gilbert, Brookfield." Abbott Gen. pp. 147, 148. 4. George, s. of George (3), of " Hardwick, d. at Bennington, Vt., about 1771. His chil. were 7a'«((c; Jacob; Sarah, m. Roberts, Morristown, Vt.; Timothy, d. 3 Nov. 1807, a. 69; Jiuth, m. Pratt, Shaftsbury, Vt." Abbott Gen. p. 158. This George was the first of his family who resided in Hard- wick. According to the Church Record, his chil. born here, by w. Rebecca, were Ruth, bap. 8 May 1737, ra. Timothy Pratt 14 Oct. 1756, prob. rem. to Bennington, and perhaps afterwards to Shaftsbury, Vt. ; Timothy, bap. 10 June 1739, prob. the same who assisted in rescuing Remember Baker from his cap- tors at Bennington, 22 JMar. 1772. See Records of the Council of Safety, etc., Vermont, i. 150; Mary, bap. 7 June' 1741, d. 5 May 1753. Of the chil. b. before the removal to Hk., »S'a?'a/i m. John Roberts 1 Ap. 1752, and prob. rem. to Morristown. Besides these there was a s. George (named below) who was b. about 1720. George the f. was a blacksmith, one of the earliest white 1 This plan of a Genealogical Register is Greenwich; Hk., for Hardwick; N. 15r., for adopted because it is less complicated than New Braintree ; N. Brk., for North Brook- others, yet sufiiciently particular for all prac- field; N. Sal., for New Salem; Pelh., for tical purposes. The system is too plain and Pelham; Pet., for Petersham; Presc., for obvious to require any explanation. The Prescott ; Roch., for Rochester; Shutes., for ordinary abbreviations are used, such as a., Shutesburv ; Springf., for Springfield; W. for aged; b., for born; bap., for baptized; Brk., for West Brookfield; Wore, for Wor- chil., for children; d., for died; d. s. p., for cester; and if there be any other, the refer- died without issue ; m., for married; f., for ence will be easily perceived. As already father; w., for wife or widow; s., for son; stated in the Preface, the contraction, "K. dau., for daughter; rem., for removed; res., Map," which so often occurs, indicates the for resides or resided; ret., for returned, etc. Ruggles Map, or a map of Hardwick drawn The names of towns are also frequently by Gardner Ruggles, Esq., about fifty j-ears abbreviated, as Amh., for Amherst; Bel., for ago, showing the position of each dwelling- Belchertown- Brk., for Brookfield; Dart., house and its distance from the Common, for Dartmouth; Enf., for Enfield; Gr., for 21 322 ABBOTT — AIKEN. inhabitants of Flk., an original member of the First Church, afterwards joined the Separate Cliuroh, and prob. rem., with most of its members, to Benning- ton, Vt., where he is said to have d. " about 17 71." 5. George, s. of George (4), m. Martha Ayers of Brookfield 5 Dec. 1745, and had in Hk. NatJuin, bap. 1746; Lydia, b. 16 Sep. 1747; Samuel, b. 24 Aug. 1750; Natlianlel, b. 8 Nov. 1753. George the f. d. prob. 1701, as the inventory of his estate was presented, 16 Aug. 1761, by liis w. Martha, who m. Benjamin Roberts 29 Feb. 1764. In the settlement of his estate, 9 Sep. 1762, provision was made for "fulfilling the obligation the deceased gave unto his father George Abbott for paying him a yearly annuity of eight pounds, and maintaining his mother if she should outlive his father." Wo7'cester Prob. Rec. 6. Isaac, s. of George (4), m. Elizabeth' Goodnow 14 Aug. 1760, and had David., b. 17 July 17G2. Isaac the f. was a simple inoffensive man, who in his old age afforded much amusement to children by a peculiarly shrill whistle, produced, according to my recollection, by placing his fingers in his mouth. He became a pauper, and d. 25 Ap. 1814, a. 82. 7. Jacob, s. of George (4), was adm. to the ch. 4 Ap. 1742. No further trace of him is found on the records. 8. Samuel, perhaps s. of George (4), was a soldier in the old French War, and was killed at Fort jNIassachusetts 2 Aug. 1748. His service is described in a muster roll among Col. I. AVilliams' jmpers, preserved in the Library of the JNIassachusetts Historical Society. Adams, James, had dau. Mary, bap. 16 Dec. 1750; nothing more is ascer- tained concerning him. 2. Oliver, by w. Elizabeth, had Enoch, Elizabeth, and Mary Parkhurst, all bap, 20 June 1810. Aiken, James (otherwise written Aikens, Aitkens, Ekens, Ekins, and Eakins), is said to have been an emigrant from Scotland. He res. several years in Brookfield, where he m. Mercy Gibbs, 15 Oct. 1718, and where all his chil. were prob. born, though only one of the births appears on record, namely, " ]\[arcy Ekens, daughter of James and Marcy, born January y" 3'^ 17|fi." She m." William Paige of Hk. 12 Jan. 1743-4, and d. 19 Feb. 1823, at the great age of one hundred and two years, having been a member of the church more than eighty-six years. Of the chil. whose births are not found on record, were Jolni, Solomon, and perhaps Abigail, who m. James Bacon, 5 June 1755, and also Margaret, who m. Nathaniel \Yhitcomb, Jr., 19 June 1755. James the f. was one of the pioneers in the settlement of Hk., and res. on the easterly side of Great Meadow Brook, about a mile and a half south of the meeting-house, on or near the spot marked " Z. Phinney " on Ruggles's Map of Hard wick. It was currently reported by his contemporaries, that, before he rem. his family, and while he was preparing a shelter for them in the wilderness, his dau. Mercy, then about twelve or thirteen years old, many times rode through the pathless forest between Brk. and Hk. on horseback, guided by marked trees, to convey his weekly rations of food, — thus display- ing that energy which characterized her whole life. He was Superintendent of the Hardwick Fair from its establishment in 1762 until 1771, and d. 10 Aug. 1775, a. 82. His w. Mercy united with the church 29 May 1737; the date of her death docs not ajtpear. 2. John, s. of James (1), came to Hk. with his father about 1733. He m. Jerusha Atwood 19 Oct. 1749, and had Hannah, b. 6 Aug. 1750, d. unm. 9 Dec. 1814; Jerusha, b. 17 Ap. 1752, d. 24 Aug. 1753; Sarah, h. 16 Jan. 1754, m. Elias Walker 27 Feb. 1772; John, b. 17 Mar. 1755; Atwood, b. 6 Sep. 1756; Solomon, b. 15 July 1758, grad. D. C. 1784, ordained pastor of the church in Dracut, 4 June 1788, dismissed 4 June 1812, and entered the U. S. Army as chaplain. He had served two years in the Revolutionary Army before enter- ing college. He m. Mary, dau. of Caj)t. Daniel Warner, pub. 12 Oct. 1788, and had four sons and five daughters, all living in 1853. He rem. in 1818 to Hardwick, Vt., was representative in 1821 and 1822, and d. 1 June 1833. He was chiefly distinguished as a politician. See History of Mendon Association, AIKEN. 323 pp. 227-229; hmel, b. 6 June 1760, m. Susanna Smith 23 Sep. 1784, at which time he res. at Windsor; Jerusha, b. 2G Ap. 17G2, m. Jedediah Fay 12 Nov. 17 78; Samuel, b. 2 Feb. 1764, d. young; Biithaheba, bap. 17 ]\hir. 17G5, d. unm. 27 Dec. 1797; Samuel, b. 4 July 17G8, ni. Kaby Pettingell 30 July 1797. Joux the f. was a housewright, and res. on part of the homestead, lie d. not long before 18 Julv 17G8, when his Inventory was presented; his w. Jerusha ni. Benjamin Ruggles, Jr., 11 Feb. 1773, and d. 28 Oct. 1787, a. 57. 3. SoLO.MOX, s. of James (1), came to Hk. with his father, ni. Dorcas, dau. of Nathaniel Whitcomb, 8 Feb. 1749-50, and had Mercy, b. 16 Nov. 1750, ni. Benjamin Stebbius 24 Sep. 17 72; James, b. 8 Oct. 1752, m. Abin;ail , who d. at Barnard, Vt., 10 July 1789, a. 29, and he there m. Gratis Graves 25 Mar. 1790; Anne, b. 31 Mar. 1754, m. Beriah Green, at Barnard, 26 Dec. 1781; Mavfiaret, b. 27 June 1755; Jerushn, b. 3 Oct. 1757; Nathaniel, h. 9 Oct. 1759, m. Mary Tupper at B. 27 Dec. 1784; Dorcas, bap. (with Solomon) 13 Mar. 1763, ni. Nathan Parmenter at B. 19 June 1781; Solomon, b. 3 ^lar. (bap. 13 Mar.) 1763, m. Betsey , and h;id two chil. at Barnard; Susanna, b. 3 Feb. 1765, m. Shiverick Crowell 15 Sep. 1785 at B.; Lecina, b. 25 Aug. 17G9; Elijah, b. 11 Feb. 1772, m. Rebecca Tupper at B. 23 Ap. 179 7. Soloimo.v the f. was a farmer and res. on a part of the homestead. He rem. with the early emigrants from Hardwick to Barnard, Vt., and was one of the first board of selectmen elected in that town at its organization, 9 Ap. 1778. He was a very active and useful citizen, and d. 10 Dec. 1805, a. 79; his'w. Dorcas d. 10 Dec. 1803, a. 73. This family is still represented in Barnard. 4. John, s. of John (2), m. Sarah, dau. of Benjamin Buggies, Jr., 10 Oct. 1782, and had John, b. 1783; Benjamin, b. ; Sarah, b. , m. Joseph Allen 3d, 12 May, 1814 ; Harriet, bap. 24 July 1791, d. unm. 3 Sep. 1869; Lucia, bap. 13 Ap. 1794, m. Jonas Winter of Sliutesburv G Dec. 1826; Clarissa, bap. 10 July 1796, d. 3 Sep. 1797; Buthsheba, bap. 27 May 1798, d. 25 May 1803; a child d. 20 June 1802, a. three weeks ; Samuel lluggles, bap. 1 Jan. 'l804, m. Nancy M. Smith of N. Sal., pub. 24 Ap. 1826, and soon rem. from Ilk. John the f. was a farmer and res. on the southerly f)art of the homestead, at the place marked " L. Bartlett " on the Riiggles Map, where vestiges of the cellar and garden still remain. He d. 10 Sep. 1810 ; his w. Sarah d. 17 Jan. 1822, a. 62. 5. Atwood, s. of John (2), m. Hannah Willis 9 Dec. 1779, and had Betsey, b. 15 Jan. 1782; Calvin, b. 31 May 1783; Polly, bap. 8 Nov. 1789; Solomon, bap. 31 July 1791. Atwood the f. rem. to Richfield, N. Y. 6. John, s. of John (4), m. Celia Brown of Ware, pub. 17 Jan. 1814, and had H. Almeda, b. about 1819, m. George P. Wheeler of Pet. 13 June 1848; John Brown, b. about 1823, ra. Fidelia F., wid. of David A. Dean, 25 Feb. 1858, is a farmer and res. on his father's homestead ; Moses B. b. about 1825, d. unm. 30 Oct. 1851, a. 26. John the f. was a farmer, res. at the place marked "J. Aiken" on the Ruggles Map, and d. 13 Nov. 1854, a. 71 ; his w. Celia d. 9 Oct. 1851, a. 67. 7. Davii>, nephew of James (1), m. Hannah Simons of Ware 15 July 1765, and had Joseph, b. 16 Ap. 1766, m. Hannah Gibbs of N. Sal., pub. 5 March 1792, rem. early; Lucy, b. 27 Nov. 1767, m. Moses Paige 27 Aug. 1789, and d. 27 Mar. 1800; Mary, h. 17 Jan. 1769, m. Moses Pai/ L., b. 12 May 1854. Fes- Tus the f. rem. from Gr. to Hk. before 27 Oct. 1851. 10. Lyman, s. of Ezra (7), by w. Dorcas, had Alonzn Lyman, b. 15 July 1845; Henrietta Augusta, b. 23 Sep. 1848; Loren (or Lonn) Howard, b. 21 Sep. 1850. 11. TuKODORE L., s. of Festiis (9), m. Emily Leprrow 30 Ap. 18G3, and had Adin Royal, b. 20 Aug. 1873; Charles E., b. 3 May 1877. 12. Alonzn L., s. of Lyman (10), m. Hem-ietta M. Frost 15 Ap. 18G8, and had Lilian Maria, b. 6 Nov. 1870. Alexander, Isaac, by w. Elizabeth, had Lurana, b. 25 May 18G6 ; and by Av. Alice, had Elizabeth, b. 22 Sep. 1875. 2. Samuel, by w. Mary, had Henry, b. 8 Augr. 1870. 3. Peter, m. Ellen Kennedy of Ware, 7 Feb. 1.S67, and had John, b. 27 Aucr. 1870 ; David Kennedy, b. 23 Sep. 1873; Joseph Nelson, b. 29 May 1875. Charles, of Winchester, N. H., m. Eliza Anderson 21 Sep. 1834. Jean- ETTE m. Alexander Kennedy, pub. 31 Aug. 18G8. Elizabeth, m. Charles Nelson of Warren 28 Mar. 1S14. Jeanette, d. 27 Mav ISSO, a. 71. Allen, Walter, res. in Newbury 1G40, rem. to AVatertown before Ap. fi^ 1G62. By deed of gift, 1 Oct.^lGOS,' he conveyed land in Wat. to his sons Daniel and Joseph, and soon afterwards rem. to Charlestown, where he ni. Abigail Rogers 29 Nov. 1678, and d. 8 July 1G81, naming in his will, dated 19 Feb. 16 79-80, w. Abigail and chil. John of Sudbury, Daniel, and Joseph, 2. JoSEi^H, s. of Walter (1), res. in Weston, where he m. Anna Brazier 11 Oct. 1G67, and had Ahirjad, b. and d. Dec. 1668 ; Rebecca, b. 8 Ap. 1G70, d. 30 Jan. 1674-5; Anna, b. 22 Aug. 1674, d. 26 Jan. 1697-8; Joseph, b. 16 June 1C77; Nathaniel, b. 8 Dec. 1687, a deacon in Weston; Sarah, b. , d. 15 Feb. 1698-9; Deborah, b. , m. John Moore of Sudbury 24 Dec. 1714; Rachael, b. , m. Joseph Adams of Cambridge 26 June 1718; Patience, b. . Joseph the f. d. 9 Sep. 1721; his w. Anna d. in Dec. 1720. 3. Joseph, s. of Joseph (2), res. in Weston, where he d. 1 Nov. 1729; his first w. Elizabeth d. in Nov. 1712, and he soon m. Abigail . His chil. were Isaac, b. 10 Nov. 1701; Prudence, b. 18 May 1703, m. Isaac Hagar 16 July, 1724; Ame, b. 21 Sep. 1706; Rebecca, b. 25 Feb. 1707-8; Joseph, b. 1709 ; Elizabeth, bap. 8 Ap. 1711 ; Ann, bap. 8 Ap. 1711, pub. to Daniel Mason (?) of Lexington 14 Mar. 172G-27; Silence, bap. 23 Nov. 1712 ; David, b. 26 Sep. 1714; Abifjail b. 14 May 1716; Elijah, b. 11 Sep. 1718; Sarah, b. 10 Aug. 1720 ; Tabitha, h. 26 Oct. 1722, m. Abraham Whitney 20 Jan. 1 742-3; Daniel, b. 31 Aug. 1724; Timothy, b. 8 Ap. 1727. Thus far I have followed the account of this family, given by Bond in his Watertown Genealogies, ex- 4) cept in regard to Joseph, whom he omits, David, whom he calls Daniel, and Ame (or Amy), whom he calls A7i7i, and says she " d. soon." There are other inaccuracies in his list, as appears by the variations between it and the names subscribed to an agreement by the children and heirs at law of Joseph Allen of Weston deceased, dated 30 Sep. 1731, which is preserved in the Middlesex Probate Office, to wit: Isaac Allen; Joseph Allen; Isaac Hagar and w. Pru- dence; Ame Allen; Rebecca Allen; Ebenezer Goodnow and w. Elizabeth; Joseph Goodnow and w. Anna; David Allen and Abigail Allen, 1)V their guardian Nathaniel Allen; Elijah Allen, Tabitha Allen and Daniel Allen, by their guanlian Jonas Allen. A final settlement of the estate was made 16 June 1753 (the elder children, Joseph, Prudence, Elizabeth, Anne, Amy, and Rebecca, having previously released their reversionary interest), when receipts for that part of the estate " which was allowed to our mother Abigail Allen, the widow of the said Joseph as lier dowry," were given by Daniel Allen of Sheffield, house wright, for himself and as attorney for his brother David Allen of Claverack, N. Y., blacksmith; Elijah Allen of Sutton, housewright, by his attorney Joseph Coolidge; Abraham Whitniiy of Weston and his w. Tabitha. 4. Joseph, s. of Joseph (3), m. Mercy Livermore of Grafton 16 Aug. 1733, and had Sarah, b. 25 July 1734, m. Benjamin Winchester 19 Feb. 17G1; in 326 ALLEN. 1736 lie rem. to Hardwick, where he had David ^ b. 18 Aug. 1738 ; Lydia, b. 19 Sep. 1743, m. Lemuel Cobb 10 Oct. 1765 ; Mercy, h. 19 Ap. 1746, m. John Amidon 4 Feb. 1771; Jose//h, h. 21 Dec. 1748. His w. Mercy d. 1 Mar. 1789, a. 76, and he m. widov/ Sarah Knowlton 6 Aug. 1789. Joseph the f. was b. in Weston 1709, res. in Grafton from about 1730 to 1736, when he rem. to Hk. and for seven years res. near the Old Furnace ; in 1743 he rem. to the place marked " Mr. Holt " on the Ruggles Map, where he remained thirty-one years, during which time his house was desti'oyed by fire and he erected that which now stands on the same spot ; on the 20th day of May 1774 he removed once more to the place on the road to Petersham marked " Seth "Winslow " on the same map, where he d. 18 Aug. 1793, aged, accord- ing to the church record, 84 years, 4 months, and 16 days. He was not only one of the earliest but also one of the most active and energetic of the pioneers in Hardwick. He was a joiner, or housewright, a captain of militia, select- man, assessor, clerk and treasurer of the town, and a deacon of the church n(;arly fifty-seven years. After his death, a pamphlet was published contain- ing several articles written by him, chiefly on religious suiijects. In one of these is a scrap of autobiography which fixes the date of his birth and, in connection with the records heretofore quoted, sufficiently identifies him as one of the sous of Joseph (3) : — "My native place where born was I, In seventeen hundred nine, Does sixteen miles from Boston lie, In Westown, called mine. " Between my third year and my fourth My mother left this life ; Which was to me affliction sore, My father lost his wife. " In all mj' father's family Once sixteen did survive; Before mj' father two did die. Then fourteen left alive." 5. David, s. of Joseph (4), m. Elizabeth Fisk 12 Nov. 1761; she d. 22 Oct. 1791, a. 48, and he m. Lydia Woods of N. Bra. 22 Jan. 1794. His chil. were PJioda, b. 27 Sep, 1763, m. David Barnard of Shelburne 4 Mar. 1783; Eunice, h. 22 Aug. 1765, m. John Earl 2 Oct. 1785; Daniel, b. 20 Sep. 1767; Elizabeth, b. 27 Oct. 1768, m. Isaac Wing of Rochester, Vt., 24 Jan. 1793; Dacid, b. 12 May 1771; Mercy, b. 11 May 1773, d. unm. 6 Jan. 1857; Moses, b. 9 Mar. 17 76, d. 15 Sep. 17 77; Moses, h. 11 Mar. 1779; Lydia, b. 18 Oct. 1784, m. Daniel Matthews of N. Bra. 21 Jan. 1800. David the f. was a very active citizen, selectman, and assessor, and d. 5 Aug. 1799. 6. JosKPii, s. of Joseph (4), m. Greele Singleterry of Sutton 15 Jan. 1772; slie d. 8 Feb. 1800, a. 56, and he m. Polly Gray of Worcester, pub. 21 Sep. 1800; she d. 3 June 1816, a. 50, and he m. Mary Gray of Ware, pub. 3 Mar. 1817. His chil. were Lucy, b. 20 May 1773, d. 3 Oct. 1785; Joseph, b. 14 July, 1777, m. Hannah Gould 14 Oct. 1800; Azuhah, b. 80 Mar. 1780, d. 19 Feb. 1781 ; Mary Singleterry, b. 23 May 1818, d. unm. 23 Nov. 1834. Joseph the f. res. on the homestead, was a deacon, town treasurer nine years, and d. 11 Nov. 1822; his w. Mary m. Seth Winslow of Barre, pub. 22 Oct. 1826, continued to res. here, and d. 15 Jan. 1842, a. 64. 7. Daniel, s. of David (5), m. Kezia, dau. of James Wing 20 Jan. 1791, and had Betsey, bap. 29 July 11^2; -Justus, bap. 6 Dec. 1795. Daniel the f. d. 1 Dec. 1796, a. 29 ; his w. Kezia was pub. to David Bai-nard of Shelburne 1 May 1815. 8. David, s. of David (5), ni. Ruth, dau. of Job Dexter, 27 Ap. 1794, and had Luthera, b. 12 Ap. 1796, m. John Gleason 18 Nov. 1813, and d. at Dana 3 Oct. 1875; Clarissa, b. 7 Oct. 1796, m. Ainaziah Spooner of Amh. 27 Ap. 1825; Anna, b. 1797, d. 14 Nov. 1803; Willard, b. 8 Feb. 1801, m. Mercy dau. of Maj. Gardner Ruggles, pub. 8 Oct. 1826, and rem. to Westminster, ALLEN. 327 where he d. 24 Sep. 1852 ; 3fary, h. Ap. 1S03, d. 2-1 Nov. 1803 ; Mary, h. 18 Nov. 1804, d. 3 Aug. 1818; Sarah, h. 5 Oct. 1808 ; Anna, h. 21 Nov. 1811. David the f. res. on the Petersham road, at the place marked " D. Allen " on the R. INIap, and d. 20 Jan. 183a; his w. Ruth d. 26 Mar. 1817, a. 74. 9. Moses, s. of David (5), m. Anna, daii. of James Paioe, 2G June 1802; she d. 7 June 1824, a. 45, and he m. her sister Fanny, wid. of Stephen Rice, Jr., pub. 7 May 1825. His chil. were Almira Warner, b. 20 Feb. 1803, m. William A. Wheeler of Worcester 13 Jan. 1825; Am^on Fisk, b. 31 Jan. 1805; Daniel Freeman, b. 6 Feb. 1807, d. 17 Nov. 1816 ; James Franklin, b. 26 Feb. 1809, res. in AYorcester; Calvin Paige, b. 30 June 1811. MosKS the f. res. on the Petersham Road, at the place marked " Capt. Allen " on the R. Mdp, was a farmer, assessor, selectman, and representative in the General Court. He d. 22 Ap. 1843 ; his w. Fanny d. in Boston 15 Feb. 1873, a. 88. 10. Justus, son of Daniel (7), m. Betsey F., dan. of Nathan Robinson, 21 Nov. 1831, and had Mari/, b. 14 Jan. 1835, d. unm. 12 Nov. 1860; Fred- erick Warner, b. 11 Ap. 1847, d. 9 June 1847; and perhaps others. Justus the f. d. 24 Auo;. 1869 ; his w. Betsey F. d. 4 Dec. 1876, a. 69. 11. Axsox Fisk, s. of Moses (9), m. Ruth Randall 14 June 1846, and had PhiUnda, b. 3 An-;. 1846 ; Almira R., b. 12 Aug. 1848, d. 3 Nov. 1848. Anson Fisk the f. was a farmer and inherited the homestead, which he sold soon after his father's death. He was early crippled by the loss of a leg, after which he was an assessor for several years. He d. at the Old Gentlemen's Home in Boston 2 Sep. 1876 ; his w. Ruth d. 28 Aug. 1848, a. 27. 12. Jonas, prob. s. of Elijah of Sutton, who was named in the settlement of the estate of his father Joseph (3), 1753, m. Prudence, dau. of Benjamin Winchester, 15 Feb. 1781 ; she d. 19 Dec. 1797, a. 35, and he m. her sister, Sarah Winchester, 29 Aug. 1798. His chil. were Joseph, b. 1784, a car- penter and for many years lieutenant of militia, m. Sally, dau. of John Aiken, 12 May, 1. 6 June 1791. Nabby, m. John Campl)ell 26 Aug. 1793. Ebenezer, m. Jane Graham 26 Oct. 1831. Barnard, Joseph, by w. Betty, had Joseph, b. , m. Prudence Marsh, pub. 28 Nov. 1796, and j)erhaps m. (2d) Abi Presho 17 Oct. 1819; Benjamin, b. 19 Oct. 1776; Edward, h. 15 Aug. 1778; William, b. 30 Aug. 1781 ; Henry, b. 4 Oct. 1790 ; Sarah, b. 3 Aug. "l 792; Anna, b. 14 Sep. 1794, d. 13 Mar. 1797. Barnes, Jesse (otherwise written Barns), was the sixth of the fourteen children of Moses and Hannah (Olds) Barnes, and was b. at Brooklield 7 Nov. 1744. He m. Patience Gilbert 8 Dec. 1763, and had in Brk. Jonas, h. 26 June 1764; Miriam, b. 29 Sep. 1766, ni. Ebenezer Sprout in Hk. 3 June 1790; Eli, b. 26 June 1768; Lydia, b. 2 May 1770, m. Phineas Wetberbee of Brk, 6 Jan. 1795; Adonijidi, b. 12 Oct. 1772; Betsey, b. 20 Nov. 1774 (or 1777), d. unm. 10 Mar. 1859; and in Hk. Lucy, b. 22 Ap. 1781. Jesse the f. rem. from Brk. to Hk. about 1780, was a farmer, res. in the westerly part of the town, and d. 18 Nov. 1823 ; his w. Patience d. 4 July 1821. For many years the record 332 BARNES. of births in this family is so imperfect that I am unable to trace its several lines of descent with desirable accuracy. 2. Elijah, prob. brother of Jesse (1), and the tenth child of Moses and Han- nah, b. in Brk. 12 Feb. 1753, became a member of the church in Hk. 24 Feb. 1782, and his chil., ElijnJi, John, and Polly, were bap. 30 June 1782, after which I find no trace of this family on record. 3. Jonas, s. of Jesse (1), m. Abiel Sprout 20 Mar. 1791 ; she d. 17 June 1805, and he was pub. to Joanna Thomas 24 Mar. 1806. No record is found of the birth of his chil. ; but by record of deaths it appears that he had by first wife, Patience, who d. unm. 24 Jan. 1869, a. 78, according to the record, but prob. 77 ; and by 2d w., Jonas, who d. 14 May 1812, a. nearly 2 years. Jonas the f. d. 1 Nov. 1830 ; his w. Joanna d. 30 Nov. 1837, a. G3. 4. Eli, son of Jesse (1), m. Polly Merritt 21 July 1789. No record is found of the birth of his chil. ; but he had Polly, who d. 1 7 INIay 1811, a. 16, and prob. Ell and Harvey, named below. Eli the f. d. 30 Ap. 1845; his w. Polly d. 29 Mar. 1848, a. 77. His house was consumed by fire 12 Mar. 1810. 5. Adonijah, s. of Jesse (1), m. Chloe Knights 9 Ap. 1 793. Four of his chil. were Clarinda, d. unm. 19 Dec. 1876, a. 83; Jonas; Ruth, d. 27 July, 1815, a. 13; and Chloe, m. Stephen Hillman 7 Mar. 1820, d. 28 June 1881;' but their birth is not recorded. Adonijah the f. d. 21 Aug. 1841 ; his w. Chloe d. 26 Sep. 1851, a 77. 6. Jonas, s. of Adonijah (5), m. Olean (or Oleyine) Fry 30 Nov. 1830, and had Harrison F., b. about 1834; Henry, h. 21 Jan. 1844; Adelbert Forester, b. 19 Ap. 1846, m. C. EHzabeth Hunt 20 Oct. 1881; Emeline, b. 9 Aug. 1849; Evelyn, b. about 1852, m. W. Frank Carruth of Barre 7 Sep. 1873; Clariette, b. 28 Nov. 1853; Alia Velorous (called ^1. Deforest in the record of his death), b. 1 Aug. 1856, d. 1 or 7 July 1857 ; and perhaps others. Jonas the f. d. 26 July 1878, a. 78. 7. Eli, prob. s. of Eli (4), m. Vinsa Baker 19 June 1S23, and had a child b. , d. 6 Dec. 1830, a. 3 days; George Danforth; and perhaps others. Eli the f. d. 15 Oct. 1851, a. 52. 8. Harvey, prob. s. of Eli (4), by w. Harriet, had a child b. , d. 18 Mar. 1830 ; Sarah A., b. about 1S33, m. Augustus M. Graves of Dana, pub. 1 Ap. 1852; Wilder U., b. about 1839; Adeline, b. about 1841, m. Wells Stacy of Bel. 11 Nov. 1869; Joseph Loring, b. 11 Nov. 1843; Abigail, b. 25 July 1845, m. Latham Avery of Syracuse, N. Y. 18 Nov. 1871; a son b. 25 Nov. 1847; a daughter b. 27 Feb. 1850; d. next day; Caroline, b. 23 May 1852; Frederick, b.^21 Jan. 1858. 9. RuFus, parentage not ascertained, m. Polly Cleveland 31 Dec. 1818, and had a child b. — Mar. 1821, d. 19 Dec. 1822; Elbridqe, b. about 1823, m. Catherine Bakely 22 Dec. 1852, and d. at N.Br. 31 Mar. 1870; Calvin, b. about 1826, m. Nancy R. Kelmer 6 Mar. 1851, and d. at Pet. 9 Feb. 1866 (his w. Nancy R. d. 12 Aug. 1852, a. 19). RuFUS the f. d. in May 1828, a. 30; his w. Polly d. at Gr. 1 May 1854. 10. Amos, m. Mary Barnes, pub. 26 Dec. 1825, and had Huldah M., h. 1830, m. Jesse W. King 21 Oct. 1848 ; he d. 3 Dec. 1855, and she m. Billings Cummings 22 Nov. 1859, and d. 10 Dec. 1868, a. 38; Lucy Jane, b. , m. George H. King 7 JMay 1846; Mart the mother d. 23 Feb. 1865, a. 62. 11. Lucius, m. Nancy Cole of Milbury, pub. 6 May 1838, and had Elmer L., b. about 1841, m. Haldah H. Sturtevant 8 Jan. 1864; Luther Emerson, b. 19 Nov. 1843, a lawyer, m. Maria L. Sheldon of Leominster 8 Ap. 1874 ; and perhaps others. 12. CuTLEii, m. Arminda S. Rogers 20 Dec. 1837, and had Martin Luther, b. about 1841, m. Frances M. Goodwin 4 July 1860; a daughter b. 2 Ap. 1845 ; Loring, h. 17 Dec. 1847 ; Luthera S., b. 14 Ap. 1850; a'son, b. — June 1852. 13. William S., m. Lucinda H. Cummings 24 May 1842 (who d. 11 Ap. 1881, a. 58), and had Helen J., b. , 1843, m. Frederick M. Cleveland 4 May 1864; Delia M., b. 19 Jan. 1845, m. Ezra B. Glazier, 13 Ap. 1880; Julia Ann, b. 14 Aug. 1846; a son and dau., twins, b. 6 Aug. 1849; Lura Luthera, b. BARNES— BARTHOLOMEW. 333 27 Oct. 1851 ; William, b. 3 Mar. 1854; d. 14 Jan. 1858; a son, b. 14 May 1856. 14. Warren W., m. Harriet A. Robinson of Barre, pub. 10 May 1854, and had Alherl Wdrren, b. 27 Aug. 1855; Mary Augusta, b. 24 Oct. 1856, m. George F. Bacon of Gr. 1 Sep. 1874 ; Emma LueUa, b. 9 May 1858, d. 26 May 1861; Emma, h. 26 Aug. 1859, d. 23 Sep. 1862; George Amos, b. 28 July 1861; Flora, b. about 1863, d. 21 May 1S66 ; Atheda Fiducid, b. 14 June 1865; Cora Eliza, b. 28 Aug. 1867; Lucy Mabel, h. 8 Dec. 18G9, d. 15 Ap. 1880; OrciM Mitchell, h. 28 Feb. 1873. 15. Warren J. (or Jonas W.), perhaps s. of Jonas (6), by w. Emily A., had Harrison Almon,h. 31 Dec. 1860; Alhertine Augustine, b. 29 May 1863; Jennie Estelle, b. 21 June 1868; Hiram Ellis, bap. 2 Sep. 1870; Clara Lou- ise, b. 23 Dec. 1871; Emily ]Varren, bap. 4 July 1875. 16. Harrison F., s. of Jonas (6), in. Mary A. Swift of Bridgewater 12 June 1861, and had Harry Francis, b. 30]\Iar. 1862. 17. George D., s. of Eli (7), byw. Maria, had George Herhert, b. 22 June 1863; Jenny Cornelia, b. 8 July 1866, d. 30 Nov. 1869. George D. the f. d. 25 Aug. 1867, a. 37; his w. Maria d. 29 June, 1870. 18. Wilder U., s. of Harvey (10), m. Rhoda J. Fay 20 Ap. 1864, and had Frederick, b. 26 Feb. 1865; Jane Maria, b. 26 Sep. 1866; George Hammond, b. 5 Aug. 1868; Herbert Wells, h. 24 June 1870; Adda Larrisa, h. 20 Aug. 1872. 19. Asa, by w. Caroline, had Myron Eugene, b. 3 Nov. 1847. 20. Lucius E., by w. Sarah PL, had Wi'llard Eliot, h. 15 June, 1864. Barr, Matthew, by w. Margaret, had Dacid, bap. 20 INlay 1739; James, bap. — Dec. 1740; George, bap. 31 Mar. 1743; Samuel and Margaret, bap. / 18 Oct. 1745; Hugh, bap. 7 INlay 1749, d. 4 Nov. 1750. Matthew the f. \/ res. on the east side of AVare River, in what is now New Braintree. Jenny, ni. Samuel Fantan of Rut. 21 Nov. 1745. John, ])ub. to Damaris Wheeler of Shrewsbury 21 Sep. 1751. John, Jr., m. Mai-y Bridges 15 Sep. 1789. Barrett, Josiaii, by w. Catherine, had Sarah, bap. 17 July 173 7; Joseph, bap. 28 Mar. 1742; Miriah (Maria?), bap. 16 Feb. 1745-6. 2. Joseph, by w. , had Sarah, bap. 15 Mar. 1752; Oliver, bap. 25 May 1755; Moses, bap. 1 May 1757. Bartholomew, Samuel, formerly of Woodstock, Conn., d. in Hk. 16 Ap. 1832, a. 81 ; his w. Susanna d. 2 Aug. 1836, a. 72. Their chil. who res. in Hk. Avere Persis, b. about 1784, d. unm. 13 Feb. 1869, a. 85; Susan, b. about 1789, m. Wiswall, and d. 11 Feb. 1869, a. 80; Adolphus, b. about 1793; probably Nancy, who d. 5 Feb. 1829, a. 36 ; Gardner, b. about 1796. 2. Adolphus, s. of Samuel (1), by w. Lydia, had Harriet Nye and Eliz- abeth, twins, b. 21 Aug. 1827; Nancy, b. 6 Nov. 1828 ; Andrew Jackson, h. 1 Oct. 1832, a lawyer, res. in Southbridge, and has been representative and senator; Nelson, b. 27 Dec. 1834; a soldier in the Civil War, d. at Philadel- phia in Nov. 1861, and was buried here; and perhaps others. Adolphus the f. was an assessor and selectman. Late in life he rem. to Barre, where he d. 4 Nov. 1870, a. 77, and was buried here. 3. Gardner, s. of Samuel (1), m. Abigail S., dau. of John Jennev, pub. 17 Feb. 1831, and had Abhie Jane, b. 6 Aug. 1834, m. Charles L. Trow, 10 Sep. 1855, and (2d) Joseph N. Lincoln 12 May, 1870; Susan Victoria, b. 10 Feb. 1837, m. Rev. George J. Sanger 31 May 1859; Martha Ann, b. 28 Jan. 1839, d. unm. 2 or 3 May 1869 ; Hannah Josephine, b. 10 Dec. 1840, m. George F. Lawrence of Corn Planter, Pa., 1 Oct. 1870; Charles Gardner, b. 30 Ap. 1843; John Jenney, b. 11 Nov. 1845, d. 23 June 1847; John Calvin, b. 8 Mar. 1848, res. in Barre. Gardner the f. res. near the Old Furnace, was a trader, insurance agent, and also engaged in the express business be- tween Hk. and Worcester. He was selectman two years. He d. 26 Feb. 1874, a. 77. His w. Abigail d. at Danvers, Feb. 2, 1881, a. 72, and was buried here. 4. Charles Gardner, s. of Gardner (3), m. Jennie E. Finch 22 Feb. 1867, and had Martha Finch, b. 13 July 1869. 334 BARTLETT — BASSETT. Bartlett, Benjamin, by w. Thanks, had Philip, bap. 14 May 1745. 2. Betiiuel m. Betsey Story 3 Feb. 1794, and had Luke, b. 1794; Avery, b. 1796; Almira, h. 1800, m. Patrick, and d. at War- ren 29 Mar. 1864, a. 64; Adeline, b. 1803, m. Simeon Wilhams of Pres. 23 Nov. 1823, and (2d) Clark, and d. at Ware 28 Nov. 1874, a. 71 ; Lewis Howe, b. 1809, d. 26 Feb. 1811, a. 15 months ; Lewis, b. 1813, d. 12 Mar. 1873, a. 60; William, b. 1818. Bethuel the f. res. near Gilbertville, was a blacksmith and a famons fifer, and d. 28 Feb. 1821, a. 48. 3. Luke, s. of Bethuel (2), m. Lucy, dan. of Capt. Zenas Phinney, 7 Dec. 1817, and had a child d. 7 May 1821,'a. 3 weeks; Zenas P., b. 1822, d. 16 Aug. 1838, a. 16 ; Elhridge, b. 1827, d. 6 Sep. 1838, a. 11; and prob. others. Luke the f. was a farmer, res. on the road to Gilbertville, at the place marked with his name on the R. Map, and d. 24 Augj. 1838. 4. Avery, s. of Bethuel (2), m. Mary Clitford of Enf. 20 Ap. 1818, and had Bethuel, b. 29 Nov. 1818; a child b. 1820, and d. 27 Sep. 1821, a. 11 months. Avery the f. d. 21 Feb. 1825, a. 29; his w. jirob. m. Freeman Pep- per of Ware 19 Ap. 1832. 5. William, s. of Bethuel (2), by w. Clarissa M., had Emihj, b. about 1844, d. 26 Ap. 1846; Maria, b. 24 Nov. 1846. He rem. to Ware, where he d. 12 Nov. 1874, a. 56. 6. Franklin, by w. Harriet, had Edward, b. 22 May 1871 ; Delia, b. 6 Aug. 1873; Agnes, b. 28 June 1879. Dorothy, m. Joseph Parks of Norwich 11 Dec. 1783. Eliza, of N. Br., m. Harmon Clark, pub. 19 Jan. 1818. Sophia, m. Stillman Elwell, 28 Jan. 1821. Mary, a widow, dau. of Mai-cus Marsh, d. 24 Jan. 1873, a. 71. Bassett, William, by w. Anna, had William, \). (prob. in Norton) about 1772; Anna, b. here 13 Oct. 1774; Polbj, b. 9 Dec. 1776, m. Robert Morton of Gr. 6 Mar. 1800; Ephraim, b. 7 Feb. 1779; Masa, b. 7 Ap. 1781; L)/dia, b. 3 May 1783, d. unm. 1 Mar. 1816. William the f. rem. to Hk. from Nor- ton about 1773, was a farmer, res. in the southwest part of the town, and closed a long and exemplary life 23 Dec. 1838, a. 89; his w. Anna d. 26 Nov. 1822, a. 69. 2. William, s. of ^V^illiam (1), m. Lavina Wicker 28 Nov. 1799, and had Willicnn Eragtus, b. 23 July 1801, prob. m. Mrs. Sarah Bassett of Ware 4 Ap. 1844; Mart/, b. 3 July 1803, m. Calvin Jenney 19 Sep. 1824; Fidelia, b. 4 Mar. 1805, m. Seth Peirce 21 Sep. 1831; Alvan, b. 16 Ap. 1807; Melinda, b. 11 July, 1809, m. William Ward of Ware 10 Mar. 1831; Franliin, b. 18 Sep. 1811, d. 24 Feb. 1839; Lavina, b. 29 Aug. 1814, m. Oziel Shaw, Ware, 10 May 1836, and d. at Amh. 9 Feb. 1872. William the f. was a farmer, res. at the i)lace marked with his name on the R. Map, and d. 22 Sep. 1847, a. 75; his w. Lavina d. 26 Feb. 1856, a. 77. 3. Ephkaim, s. of William (1), m. Tabitha, dau. of Lemuel Newton, 19 Jan. 1804, and had Lemuel Neioton, b. 10 Oct. 1804, d. at Enfield 12 Aug. 1857; Chloe Lane, b. 4 June 1807; Cedvin Harvey, b. 15 Aug. 1809, m. (then res. at Enf.) Susan Newton 6 Dec. 1854; William Walson, b. 25 July 1811 ; Tcdntha Gilson, b. 22 Nov. 1813; Ephraim Lane, b. 3 May 1816 ; Masa New- land, b. 27 Oct. 1818; Lydia, bap. 24 June 1821 ; Rcdph Harmon, bap. 28 Jan. 1824, d. at Enf. 13 Mar. 1861. Ephraim the f. res. in the southwest part of Hk. and afterwards in Enf., where he d. 12 Mar. 186 7, a. 88; his w. Tabitha d. at Euf. 24 Ap. 1865, a. nearly 85. 4. Masa, s. of William (1), m. Susanna Utley 10 May 1814, res. at the place marked with his name on the R. Map, and d. 31 Oct. 1833, a. 52; his w. Susanna d. 17 July 1820, a. 30. No record is found of children. 5. Alvan, s. of William (2), m. Nancy Richardson, pub. 22 Sep. 1828, and (2d) Sarah Ward 28 Nov. 1848. His chil. were Jennie, b. , m. Asa F. Richardson 26 May 1858; Abhie A., h. , m. Waldo Peirce 15 Sep. 1861; Alanson S., b. about 1845, m. Abbie E. Sturtevant 13 Oct. 1874; Francis Luther, b. 25 June 1851; Sarah Emma, b. 2 Mar. 1859. Alvan the f. d. 30 Aug. 1879, a. 72. 6. Benjamin, m. Nancy Johnson 20 Ap. 1837 ; she d. 4 Feb. 1847, and he BASSETT — BELDING. 335 m. Catherine W. Richmond 29 June 1847, who d. at Dana 1 May 1874, a. 70. He had William F., b. , d. 10 May 1854, a. 6 years and 10 months ; Wiltinm Benjdmiii, born 31 Oct. 1848. Peteh, m. Hannah Lindsey of Providence, pub. 24 Oct. 1779 ; he d. , and she m. I'iniothy Fay 7 Dec. 1780. David, m. Phebe Terry 11 Dec. 1783, rem. to Ware. Nancy, m. Masa Ncwhmd 31 Oct. 1802. William S., m. Ruth E. Tucker 1 Dec. 1836 ; Piulip and Pathsheba Gunn, negro servants of Capt. Joseph Warner, were m. 2 Oct. 1754. Bates, David, a Baptist clergyman, res. near Gilhertville, at the place marked " Mr. May " on the R. j\la[), preached statedly at Dana, was very corpulent, and d. of apoplexy 20 May 1813, a. 52. He had no children. His w. Prudence d. at Windsor, Conn., 1840, a. 78. Baxter, William, by w. Joanna, had Jonathan, b. 29 August 1743 ; Mary, b. 27 May, 1746 (called dau. of Richard and Mary in the record of baptisms); William, bap. 9 Ap. 1749 ; Francis, hup. 3 Feb. 1750-1. Beach, Noaii, of Rutland, was i)ub. to Phebe Juhnson 9 July 1780. No record of chil. He may have d. before 29 Oct. 1789, when Phebe Beach, perhaps his widow, m. Nathan Lothrop of Easton. 2. Noah, prob. s. of Noah (1), m. Priscilla, dau. of John Webb, 8 Jan. 1805, and had a child, d. 1 Nov. 1810, a. 10 months. The family remained in Hk. several years, and resided in the westerly part of the town, but no further trace appears on record. Beals, Samuel, a farmer, ra. Abigail, dau. of Amos Thomas, 31 July 1767 ; she d. 6 May 1813 a. 72, and he m. fluldah Bowker 30 Jan. 1814. He was ap- pointed deputy quartermaster-general in General Warner's Division, 2 Nov. 1787, with the rank of major, by which title he was ever afterwards known. He res. on the easterly road to Gilhertville, at the place marked " B. Thomas " on the R. IMap, until late in life, when he rem. to the place marked "Mr. Cobb," on the same road, where he d. 21 Nov. 1827, a. 81 ; his w. Huldah d. 31 Jan. 1833, a. 55. No chil. by either wife. Beamax, Piiineas, came here from New Salem in 1832, and m. Eliza Atherton of that town in 1837. He had Edwin P., h. 1838; Elizabeth M., b. 1841, m. John Harvey 28 Feb. 1860. Phineas the f., a farmer, res. nearly forty years at the place near Gilhertville marked " P. Lawton " on the R. Map, and in 1874 erected a new house a few i-ods nearer to the village. 2. Edwin P., s. of Phineas (1), m. IMary A. Wallace of Barre 7 Dec. 1859 ; she d. in childbed 22 Jan. 1865, a. 27, and lie ni. Hattie E. Wehber of Pitts- field, 24 June 1872. He had Mary Wallace, b. 20 Jan. 1865 ; Sumn Medella, b. 14 Aug. 1873. Beckwitii, Elliott, the "beloved physician," res. on the road to Barre, at the jilace marked " W. Sturtevant " on the R. Map, and had a very ex- tensive practice both in Hardwick and in the westerly part of Barre. Though destitute of such thorough instruction as may now be obtained, he was very skilful and successful. During the prevalence of the '• spotted fever " in 1810, which was so fatal in the adjoining towns, he lost only two patients out of more than sixty who were under his care in Hardwick. His •w. Rebecca d. 18 Feb. 1806, a. 32, and he m. Sally, dau. of Lieut. Job Dexter, pub. 9 Nov. 1806 ; she d. 18 July 1811, a. 27, and he was pub. to Hannah Willis 2 Mar. 1812. No record is found of children. He d. much lamented 6 Mar. 1814, a. 53, or 58 according to the Columbian Centinel. Mary, prob. mother of Dr. Elliott, d. 2 Ap. 1812, a. 89. Belding, Silas, s. of John Belding of Hatfield, m. Hannah, dau. of Samuel Billings, 2 Jan. 1745-6, and prob. became a resident here immediately afterwards. He d. 1 Oct. 1756, a. 39, as inscribed on his head-stone still standing in the old burial-ground. In his will, proved 2 Nov. 1756, he names wife Hannah, father John, brother Reuben, sisters Eunice Porter, Dorothy Billings, Submit, and INIartha ; also Samuel and Mary, chil. of brother John deceased. His w. Hannah m. Deac. Samuel Ware of N. Br. 3 Nov. 1757. Dorothy, of Hatfield, sister of Silas (1), was pub. to Elisha Billings 24 June 1749. Stephen, of Northfield, m. Martha Jackson 7 Nov. 1761. 336 BENJAMIN — BERRY. Benjamin, John, constable of Cambridge in 1633, afterwards res. in Watertown, where he d. 14 June 1645. He had w. Abigail, and chil. Mary, b. , d. 10 Ap. 1646 ; Abigail, b. , m. Joshua Stubbs; John, b. about 1620, d. 22 Dec. 1706, a. 86 ; Ricliard, b. , rem. to Connecticut ; Joshua ; Samuel, b. 1628, rem. to Connecticut ; Caleb, b. , rem. to Connecticut ; Abel, b. , res. in Charlestown, and d. about 1710. 2. John, s. of John (1), res. in Watertown, and by w. Lydia had John, b. 10 Sep. 1651, d. 18 Nov. 1708 ; Lydia. b, 3 Ap. 1653, m. Thomas Batt ; Abigail, b. 14 July, 1655 ; Mary, b. 2 Aug. 1658 ; Daniel, b. 12 Sep. 1660 ; Ann, b. 4 Aug. 16G2 ; Sarah, b. 1663, m. William Hagar, Jr. ; Abel, b. 20 May 1668. See Bond's H/rf. Watertoivn. 3. Abel, s. of John (2), res. in Watertown, and by w. Abigail had eleven chil., of whom the fifth was Caleb, b. 28 Jan. 1702. 4. Caleb, s. of Abel (3), m. Abigail Livermore 16 Aug. 1726, and had Abigeiil, h. 3 Jan. 1726-7 ; Caleb, b. 26 May 1729 ; Kezieih, b. 18 Ap, ] 731. See'Bond, ut sup. I suppose this Caleb to be the same who rem. to Hard- wick, res. near the Old Furnace, at the place marked " E. Trow" on the R. Map, and by w. Abigail had Mary, b. 1 Sep. 1743 ; Anna, b. 5 June 1746, m. Eliphalet Washburn 19 Sep. 1769; Kezieih, b. 16 May 1749. His w. Abigail d. 24 June 1756, and he m. Elizabeth, widow of Aaron Rice, of Rut. 18 Nov. 1760. 5. Caleb, prob. s. of Caleb (4), had dau. Rhoda, bap, 17 May 1767, and perhaps others. 6. Abel, prob. s. of Caleb (4), m, Susanna Carpenter 22 Mar, 1759, and had Abigail, b. 30 JMar, 1760 ; Levi, b, 9 Oct, 1762; and perhaps others. Abel the f. prob. rem. to Montague about 1782, when his w. Susanna was dism. to the church there. Abigail, prob. dau. of Caleb (4), m. Joseph Powers of Gr. 25 Dec, 1751. Abigail, a widow, prob. mother of Caleb (4), d, 30 Mar, 1755. Berry, Judah (s. of John, who d, 1745, a, 93, and grandson of Richard, who was in Barnstable 1643, and d. in Yarmouth 1681), res, in Harwich, now Brewster ; he m, Mary, dau, of John Freeman, 1713, and had Lemuel, b. 21 Feb, 1713-14; TheoiMlus, b, 12 Oct, 1715 ; Mary, b, 15 Dec, 1717, His w, Mary d, 19 Aug. 1719, a. "about 26," and he m. Rebecca Hamlin 11 Aug. 1720, by whom he had seven children. Judah the f. d. between 21 Nov. 1769 and 11 May 1773, 2, Lemuel, s, of Judah (1), by w. Lydia, had Meiry, b, 1 Nov. 1741, m. Snow ; Juclah, b, 24 Dec. 1743; Scotto, b, 20 Oct, 1745 ; Rebecca, b, 20 Jan, 1747-8, m. Lemuel Willis 27 May 1771, d. 16 Ap. 1826 ; Mehet- abel, b, 12 Feb. 1749-50, m. John Hastings 11 Ap. 1779, and d, 15 Dec. 1836 ; Lemuel, bap, 12 Ap. 1752 ; Lydia, bap. 28 July, 1754, d. young ; Seirah, bap, 3 Oct. 1756, m. Zenas Phinney, and d, 20 Dec, 1833 ; Relieince, bap, 13 Aug, 1758 ; Lydia, bap, 27 July 1760, m, Seth Hinkley, Jr,, 12 ]\Iay 1782, d. 27 Aug. 1805. He also had dau. Elizabeth, to whom was assigned a share of his estate 6 Feb, 1770, Lemuel the f, res. in Brewster; but his daus. Rebecca, Meheteibel, Sarah, and Lydia res. and d, in Hardwick, 3, Scotto, s, of Lemuel (2), res, in Brewster, and, by w. Hannah, had eleven children. His w. Hannah d. 12 Dec. 1806, a. 55; his second w. Bethia d. 9 Mar. 1846, a, 85; and he d, 12 June 1832, a. 87. 4, Scotto, the third s. of Scotto (3), b. Feb. 1779, rem. early to Hk., was pub. to Polly Baker of Harwich 20 Jan, 1805, and had Barnabas, b. 20 Mar, 1809, d, 12 June 1829; Heirriet, b, 22 Oct. 1813, m. Perley Hammond 1 Ap. 1832; Mary Ann, b. 17 Dec, 1815, d. 3 Nov, 1831; Scotto, b, 14 Oct. 1817; Caroline, b. 21 Sep, 1819, d, 21 July 1820. His w. Polly d, 24 July 1825, and he m. Mrs, Lucy Powers of Gr., pub. 22 May I'S'IG, who survived him and d, 21 Nov. 1872, a. nearly 90. Scotto the f, was a tanner, and res. at the place, between the Pet. road and the Turnpike, marked with his hame on the R. Map, Late in life he retired from the tanning business and removed into a new house which he had erected on the opposite side of the road, a few rods westerly from his former homestead. He was an assessor two years, selectman six years, and representative one year. He d. 7 Nov. 1864, a. nearly 86. BILLINGS. 337 BiLLixGs, Richard, of Hartford lOin, rem. to Hatfield IGGl, and d. 13 Mar. 16 79; his w. Margery d. 5 Dec. 1C79. 2. Samuel, s. of Richard (1), res. in Hatfield, and by w. Sarah had Samuel, b. 8 Jan. 1G65; Eheuezer, b. 29 Oct. 1GG9; Samli, h'. , d. 15 July 1674; Richard, b. 7 Ap. 1672; John, b. 11 Oct. 1674, slain 15 July 1G9S; Sarah, b. 18 Oct. 167G, m. Samuel Dickinson. Saimup;l the f. d. 1 Feb. 1678, and his \v. Sarah m. Samuel Behling, Jr., 9 Oct. 1G78, and d. 5 Feb. 1713. 3. Sa:muel, s. of Samuel (2), res. in Hatfield, m. Hannah NVri'^lit 18 Xov. 1686; she d. 18 Nov. 1687, and he m. widow Rebecca Miller. His chil. were Samuel, b. ; Sarah, b. 15 Mar. lGi)7, m. Deac. Samuel Smith; Joseph, b. 15 Nov. 1700; Zechariah, b. 29 Nov. 1702; Benjamin, b. 18 Jan. 1705. Thus far I have relied on Judd's Hist, of Iladlei/, 4. Samuel, s. of Samuel (3), res. several years in Sunderland, whore, by w. Hannah, he had Hannah, b. 23 Sep. 1724, ra. Silas Belding 2 Jan. 1745-6, and (2d) Deac. Samuel Ware of N. Br., 3 Nov. 1757; E/Jsha, b. 1 Dec. 1726; Sarah, b. 29 May 1729, m. William INIerrick 7 Sep. 1749; Daniel, h. 21 Nov. 1731; Nallian, b. 23 May 1734; Rebecca, b. 3 Jan. 1,737, m. Leonard Rolnn- son 31 Aug. 1758; Samuel, b. 19 Aug. 1739; Asahel, b. about 1741. Soon after the birth of his youngest son, Samuel the f. rem. to Hardwick, where he subsequently res., at the place marked "Dr. Billings" on the AV^are road, and where his eight chil. were mari'ied. His w. Hannah d. 5 Mar. 17G7, and he m. Mrs. Sarah Crosby 26 Nov. 17G7. He d. between/21 Jan. and 4 jMay 1 778, a. prob. about 83; his w, Sarah and all his chil. except Sarah and Rebecca survived him. 5. Elisha, s. of Samuel (4), m. Dorothy Belding of Hatfield, pub. 24 June 1749, and had Jonathan, b. 19 Sep. 1750, d. 22 Dec. 1753; Sarah, b. 7 Jan. 1753, living nnm. in 1802; 3Ianj, b. 1 Oct. 1754, ni. Joseph Thomas 17 Mar. 1774; Hannah, b. 21 Sep. 1756, d. — Sep. 1758; Hannah, b. 22 Nov. 1758, ni. Stephen Pratt 3 Feb. 1780, and d. at Bennington 16 F'eb. 1839; Martha, b. 2 Ap. 1761, m. Jedediah Barrett (or Bassett) of Wilmington, Vt., 26 Aug. 1787; Dolli/, b. 8 Jan. 1764, m. Israel Lawton 26 Aug. 17!S4; Jonathan, h. 14 Auf. 17G8, d. 3 Oct. 1775. Elisha the f. res. on the Ware road, at the place marked ''Keyes Tyler" on the R. Map, was a farmer, lieutenant of militia, selectman one year, and d. 29 Sep. 1803; his w. Dorothy d. 8 May 1787, a. 58, and his second w. JMrs. Prudence Gilbert of Monson, to whom he was 2)ub. 15 Sep. 1788, survived him. 6. Daniel, s. of Samuel (4), m. Mary, dau. of Capt. Benjamin Rugglcs, 23 Feb. 1758, and had Gideon, b. 9 Jan. 1759, settled in Barnard, Vt. (vvliere, by w. Polly, he had Daniel, b. 7 Mar. 1794, d. 15 July 1867; Nancy, b. 28 Aug. 1796; and prob. Gideon, who d. 30 Mar. 1852, a 4G); Mary, bap. 12 Ap. 176?, d. young; Eunice, b. 7 July 1763, m. Robert Dean of Barnard, Vt., 23 Dec. 1784, had ten children, and d. — Mar. 1843; Daniel, b. 9 July 1765, a mer- chant and captain of militia in Hk., d. nnm. at Trinidad, W. I., shortly before 6 July 1808; Barnabas, bap. 16 Ap. 1769; Manj, b. 25 Sep. 1771, m. Barnabas Hinkley 8 Oct. 1797, and (2d) Luther Paige 4 Sep. 1816, and d. at Bantror, Me., 11 Mar. 1849; Timolhij, b. 3 July 1774; Samuel, b. 4 June 1779. DaxIel the f. was a farmer, and res. near the Old Furnace, at the place marked " D. Billings" on the R. Map; he was lieutenant of militia and selectman seven years. He d. 23 Dec. 1778; his w. Mary d. 8 June is35, a. nearly 97. 7. Nathan, s. of Samuel (4), m. Lydia, dau. of John Weils, 24 Feb."l757; she d. 1 July 1769, a. about 31, and he m. Reliance, dau. of David Bangs, 26 Dec. 1769. His chil. were Silas, b. 14 Jan. 1758, d. 7 Jan. 1759; Silas, b. 30 Jan. 1760; Anna, b. 10 Aug. 1761, d. young; Moses, b. 15 Mar. 1765; Persis, b. 29 Jan. 1767; Lydia, b. •1'6 Nov. 1770; Anna, bap. 11 Feb. 1776; Hannah, bap. 1 Mar. 1778. Some of these dates (wrongly entered in the Town Record) are corrected by the registry of baptisms. 8. Samuel, s. of Samuel (4), ni. Beulah, dau. of Stephen Fay 28 June 1764, and \\a.{\ Lydia, b. 28 Feb. 1765; Susannah, b. 1 Jan. 1767; Beulah, b. 14 Nov. 1768; Samuel, 23 May 1771; Polly, b. 6 July 1773. Samuel the f. res. on the Ware road, according to a tradition, opposite to the place marked 22 338 * BILLINGS. " C. Rugtrles " on the R. ]\Iap. He was elected, by the town, captain of the South Military Company 21 Nov. 17 74, and was coniniissloned 23 May 17 75 as captain in Colonel Learned's regiment in the Revolutionary Army. At some subsequent period, either In Massachusetts or Vermont, he seems to have at- tained the rank of major. He rem. to Bennington, Vt., where he d. 23 June 1789; his w. Beulah d. 18 Sep. 1833, a. nearly 88; a monumental slab denotes their graves in the Bennington Centre Cemetery. 9. AsAHEL, s. of Samuel (4), m. Elizabeth, dau. of James Robinson, pub. 29 Ap. 1765, and had Elijah, b. 30 Ap. 1766; Stephen, h. 18 Nov. 1767; Asahel, b. 25 Nov. 1769, m. Tamasen Gilbert 9 June 1796, had two dau., and d. 6 Oct. 1803; his w. m. Jedediah Foster of Wilmington, Vt., 12 Nov. 1804; David, b. 6 May 1771; Joseph, bap. 5 Sep. 17 73, d. 3 Ap. 1806; Betsey, bap. 7 May 1775, m. Gamaliel Collins 29 Nov. 1804,' and d. 10 Dec. 1805; Polhj, bap. 13 Ap. 1777, m. Silas Flagg of Pet., pub. 18 Dec. 1808; Samuel, bap. 10 Oct. 1779; Jonathan, bap. 9 Sep. 1781, d. unm. 5 Dec. 1820; Silas, h. 25 Sep. 1783; Salli/, b. , d. 22 July 1804, a. 18. Asahel the f. was a farmer, res. on the homestead, and d. 16 July 1838, a. prob. about 97. His age is erroneously written 99 on the Town Records, and 100 on his gravestone in the new ceme- tery. See /'(/7?i//// of Samuel (4). His w. Elizabeth d. 13 (or 14) Dec 1826, a. nearly 84. Her age, like that of her husband, is overrated on the records as 85, and on her gravestone as 86. 10. Barnabas, s. of Daniel (6), m. Martha, dau. of Doct. Medad Pomeroy of Northfield, 1793, and had Mary Ann, b. 30 Jan. 1795, m. Martin Paige of Hk. 20 Aug. 1817, and d. at Providence, R L, 27 Jan. 1875; Frederick A., b. 12 Mar. 1798, m. Lucy Bent, and res. in Framingham; Martha, b. 16 Ap. 1800, m. Russell Hayes of Brattleboro', Vt., 13 June 1837, and d. — Aug. 1872; Daniel, h. 7 Mar. 1802, m. Sally Tlllottson of Northampton; Julia, b. 13 Aug. 1804, ni. Doct. George Wright of jMontague; Medad Pomeroy, b. 30 Jan. 1809, d. at New Bedford. Barnabas the f. grad. B. U. 1791, was a mer- chant, and town treasurer in Northfield many years until about 1805, when he rem. to North Hampton and afterwards to Chesterfield, where he d. 14 Nov. 1824; his w. Martha d. 16 May 1845. 11. Timothy, s. of Daniel (6), m. Alinda, dau. of Samuel Hopkins, pub. 10 Nov. 1805, and had Dwight, b. 31 Jan. 1806; Adeline, b. 10 Aug. 1807, m. James S. Davis of Warren, pub. 3 Jan. 1840, and d. 8 Jan. 1883; Samuel, b. 24 May 1809, d. at Auburn, N. Y., — Jan. 1873; Timothy Rucjgles, h 16 Ap. 1811, rem. to California. Timothy the f. was a farmer and res. on the home- stead; he was an assessor four years, and major of militia. He d. 19 May 1812; his w. Alinda d. 5 or 6 Aug. 1832, a. 48. 12. Samuel, s. of Daniel (6), m. Rebecca, dau. of Doct. W. Cutler, 7 Sep. 1811. He res. near the Old Furnace, at the place marked with his name on the R. Map. In company with Harmon Chamberlain he was for many years engaged in the manufacture of iron-ware at the Furnace, and also managed a stoi'e of English and West India goods. Being possessed of a competent es- tate, however, he did not apply himself vei'y closely to business, but he was a laborious, and ])ersistent fox-hunter; partly, as some sujiposed, for pleasure, and partly to prevent excessive corpulency. He was much engaged in [)ublic affairs, being a selectman nine years, assessor fourteen years, and representa- tive three years ; he was also justice of the peace, and colonel of militia. Some of his later years were spent in Greenfield, and afterwards in Worces- ter, where he d. s. p. 13 May 1868, a. nearly 89 ; his w. Rebecca d. at Green- field 30 July 1864, a. 76 ; both were buried in the new cemetery in Ilardwick. 13. Elljaii, s. of Asahel (9), m. Abigail, dau. of John Jenney, 24 Ap. 1796 and had Martha Eddy, Daniel (d. at Ware, 31 July 1873, a. 71), Lewis, James Robinson, and Sarah Robinson, all bap. 12 Sep. 1810. They had also Lucius, b. 1797, d. 8 Oct. 1803. 14. Stephen, s. of Asahel (9), m. Elsa ; no record of children. He d. (of a cancer in the face) 11 Feb. 1817 ; his w. Elsa d. 11 Oct. 1822, a. 50. 15. David, s. of Asahel (9), m. Betsey, dau. of Capt. Seth Peirce, pub. 6 Ap. 1806, and had Elizabeth Peirce, b. 19 May 1807, m. David Ellis of Ware BILLINGS — BOLSTER. 339 19 Dec. 1849, d. 30 May 1S77; Hannah Rnhinson, b. 9 Oct. 1808, m. Iliram P. Lee of Palmer, 15 Sep. 1841 ; David Paige, b. 30 June 1810, res. in Ware; Seth Peirce, b. 1 Au£r. 1812; Huhlah Sampson, h. 28 Aug. 1814, m. Hiram W. Leonard 23 Feb. 1834; ^fan/ Ann, hiip. 18 June 1820; d. nnm. 21 May 1842; WiHiam Robinson, bap. 18 May 1821, and d. same day; Lucius Flafj//, bap. 19 Dee. 1822, a physician in Barre; and perhaps others. David the f. was a physician, with a considerably large practice in Hk. and Ware. He res. on the homestead, and d. 15 Oct. 1833; his w. Betsey, d. 1 Feb. 1857, a. 75. 16. Silas, s. of Asahel (9), m. Roxana Parkhurst of Pet. 3 Dec. 1809, and had Elizabeth F., b. 2 Dec. 1812, m. Wm. Augustus AVarner 24 May 1832, and d. 11 May 1878. Silas the f. res. about three miles north of the meeting-house, at the place marked with his name on the R. JNIap, but spent his last years with Mr. and Mrs. Warner. He d. 3 Feb. 18 7G, a. 92 years, four months, and nine days, being then the oldest person in the town; his w. Roxana d. 11 Nov. 1870, a. 82. 17. DwiGHT, s. of Timothy (U), m. Ann J., dau. of Franklin Ruggles, 31 Dec. 1834, and had Mar;/ Ann, b. 31 Oct. 1835, m. William D. Cummings of Waterbury, Conn., 18 Sep. 1855, and d. at Brooklyn, N. Y., 8 Feb. 1882. DwiGHT the f. was a farmer, res. a few years on the homestead, and after- wards near the meeting-house. He was an assessor five years, selectman three years, and a justice of the peace. He d. at Brooklyn, N. Y., 23 Nov. 1881, and was buried hei'e; his w. Ann J. d. 11 Jan. 1864, a. 50. 18. Skth Peirck, s. of David (15), a farmer, res. on the homestead, by w. Rebecca F., had Henry Peirce, b. 13 Nov. 1852; Lizzie Ella, b. 25 Dec 1856, m. Herbert J. Felton 15 Oct. 1879; Willie F., b. 27 Aug. 1860, d. same day. Mary, m. John Jackson of Paris, Me., pub. 5 Jan. 1806; Mary, m. John Goodspeed 31 Dec. 1807. Elizabeth, m. Reuben Tyler 3 Ap. ls;U. Mary, m. Andrew Wood, Jr., 2 Feb. 1873. " Stephen R., b. in Hk., d. at Spriugf. 27 Jan. 1848, a. 30. Blackmer, William IL, bv w. Harriet, had Marjj A., b. 1848, d. unm. 24 Dec. 1869, a. 21; Charles H., b. 1852, d. 7 Dec. 1869, a. 17; Emor)j IF., b. 1854, d. 24 Dec. 1869, a. 15; Frederick Willie, b. 10 Ap. 1858 ; George Albert, b. 26 Mar. 1860; Herhert, b. 11 Feb. 1S62. William H. the f.,'a farmer, res. on the Pet. road, at the ])lace marked " D. Allen" on the R. Map. 2. Augustus D., by w. Rachel Jane, had a son b. 3 Sep. 1859; Charles Sumner, b. 12 Aug. 1864. His w. Rachel Jane d. 30 Oct. 1864, and he m. Ellen Patrill, pub.''3 May 186 7. David, m. Mrs. Abigail Cobb, 13 Oct. 1823. Blair, Johx, by w. Ann, had James, bap. 23 Oct. 1748; Lucy, bap. 6 Feb. 1750-1, Jamks, of Western, m. Mrs. Sarah Robinson 26 Mar. 1805. Blakk, Joseph, formerly a merchant in Boston and Hingham, rem. to Hk. in or soon after 1763, and was one of the owners of a forge and saw-mill at the place now known as Gilbertville. He rem. to Rutland about 1770, and in 1779 returned to Hingham. While at Hardwick he had Joseph, bap. 13 Sep. 1767, grad. H. C. 1786, lawyer in Boston, d. in Jamaica 10 July 1802; George, bap. 16 Ap. 1769, grad. H. C. 1789, was an eminent lawyer in Boston, where he d. 8 Oct. 1841; and at Rutland, Francis, said to have been born 14 Oct. 1774; he grad. II. C. 1789, at the remarkably early age of fifteen years, it" the reputed date of his birth be correct, and became one of the most eloquent ad- vocates at the bar of the county; he died at Worcester 23 Feb. 1817. Bolster, Eastm.\x, by w. Miriam, had Charles, b. about 1S06, d. at Bos- ton 2 Mar. 1851, a. 45; Salome, h. about 1813, m. Edmund Vokes of Barre 3 May 1832, and d, 10 Sep. 1858, a. 45; Moses L., b. about 1818, m. Rebecca Rich of Barre 26 June 1836, d. at Wore. 23 July 1864, a. 45 years 8 months; a child b. — Jan. 1822, d. 15 Feb. 1822 ; Joel H., h. about 1827, d. at Wore. 18 Ap. 1849, a. 22; a child b. , d. — Feb. 1828. The following chiL were prob. of the same family : Sally, m. Hervey Brown of W^are 27 Sep. 340 BOND — BRADISH. 1826 ; Aurilla, m. Ilervey Threslier of N. Br. 5 Dec. 1826; Manj Eliza, m. Lewis Shumway of BaiTe 17 Aug. 1834; WilUum A., m. Mary Bigelow of Ox- ford, pub. 7 Ap. 1842. Eastman the f. came to Hk. before 1822, was a laborer, and res. on the east road to Gilbertville, at the place marked with his name on the R. Map. His w. Miriam d. in 1841 a. 59. Bond, David, d. 13 Feb. 1847, a. 68 ; his av. Susanna d. 30 Sep. 1833, a. 58. The following may have been their chil.: David P., m. Mary R. Freeman 24 Mar. 1831; Susanna C, m. Dorice D. Rogers 1 Dec. 1831. John B., of AVorcester, m. Eliza Hathaway 13 Nov. 1834. Benjamin of Ware, m. Arathusa Bowen 5 Oct. 1837. BONNEY, William, m. Fanny Crowell of Brk., pub. 17 Feb. 1817, and had Melita, b. 1818, m. Isaac II. Hoyt of Brk. 27 May 1846 ; Isaac S., b. 1824; Christina, b. 1833, m. George L. Watkins of Washington, D. C. 11 Mar. 1858. William the f. d. 10 Sep. 1852, a. 65; his w. Fanny d. 8 Nov. 1863, a. 73. 2. Isaac S., s. of William (1), m. Olive Eaton of Ware, pub. 7 Nov. 1846; she d. 16 Sep. 1857, a. 33, and he m. Mrs. Paulina Fish 10 Mar. 1864. His chil. Avere Mar>/, b. 26 Nov. 1847 ; Clarissa (or jl/«r//) Ella, h. 26 Nov. 1849, d. 5 Jan. 1850; Mary E., b. 2 Mar. 1851, d. 8 June 1851 ; Fanny Maria, b. 16 June 1852. Ruth, m. Abiel Stetson of Chesterfield 24 Feb. 1767. Luke, m. Mercy Thomas 5 Nov. 17 72. Polly, m. John Kent of Brk. 24 Feb. 1801. Hannah D. of Chesterfield m. Ruggles Smith, pub. 16 Mar. 1838. Bowen, Sylvester, m. Abigail Rich of Ware 19 Aug. 1804, and had Sylvester, b. ; prob. Eliza, b. , m. Anson Warren of Tewksbury 23 Dec. 1829; prob. Arathusa, b. , m. Benjamin Bond of Ware 5 Oct. 1837. 2. Sylvester, s. of Sylvester (1), m. Mary Eaton of Ware, pub. 27 Feb. 1830, and had Henry, b. 11 Ap. 1844.' Moses, d. 6 June 1830, a. 79. Bradish, Robert, was of Cambridge as early as 1635. By his w. Mary lie had Joseph, b. May 1638; his w. d. Sep. 1638, and he in. Vashti , by whom he had several chil. and d. 1659. 2. Joseph, s. of Robert (1), Avas in Sudbury, 1662, Framingham, 1672, and returned to Cambridge about 1678. By w. jNlary he had Mary, b. 10 Ap. 16G5, m. John Green, 22 Nov. 1684; Sarah, b. 6 May 1667, prob. d. young; Hannah, b. 14 Jan. 1669-70, m. Edward Marrett, and d. 9 Ap. 1754; Joseph, b. 28 Nov. 1672, supposed to be the pirate who was sent to Lond,on, 1699, and executed; Ruth, m. Thomas Ford of Marshfield 5 Ap. 1711 ; John, h. 18 Sep. 16 78; James, b. about 16S0. Joseph the f. d. before 2 Ap. 1725, when part of his estate in Cambridge was sold by Mary, Hannah, and John, of Caiub., James of Westborough, and Ruth of Marshfield, described as " children of Joseph Bradish, late of Camb!' jeoman, deceased." 3. James, s. of Joseph (2), rem. to Marlborough, m. Damaris Rice, 16 June 1708, and had Hepzihah, b. 1709; Sarah, b. 1711; Robert, b. 1712; Mary, b. 1715; James, b. 1717; John, b. 30 Aug. 1719; Jonas, b. 7 Aug. 1724; Sarah, b. about 1727, d. 27 Aug. 1740 ; Amui, b. 6 June 1729, prob. m. John Green of Hk. 7 Nov. (or 7 Dec.) 1751 ; Joseph, b. 26 Feb. 1731-2, d. 28 Aug. 1740. James the f. seems to have res. a short time in Westborough, and d. 13 Feb. 1768, a. 87; his w. Damaris d. 25 Dec. 1769, a. 81. 4. John, s. of James (3), purchased a farm in the northerly part of Hk. 19 Nov. 1742, being then a resident in Grafton. He m. jNIary Green of South- borough, pub. 12 May 1746, and had Sarah, b. 21 June 1747, m. Joseph Nye 27 Dec. 1764; Hannah, h. 4 Sep. 1748; John, b 25 Sep. 1750; James, h. 21 Oct. 1752 ; Mary, b. 13 Aug. 1754 ; Dinah, h. 8 Nov. 1757; Ruth, b. 13 June 1760; Joseph, b. 15 Dec. 1762. John the f. was a cordwainer, and deacon of the church; ti'aditionally distinguished for the plainness of his apparel; l rem. with his family to Cummington in 1778. 1 It was related by those who knew him, great-coat in its place with a leather strap that Deacon Bradish often wore his leather instead of buttons, apron to church on Sunday, and kept his BRADISH— BROWN. 341 N 5. John, s. of John (4), m. Hannah, dan. of Capt. Joseph Warner, 4 Mar. 1773, and had Cnlvin, b. 2G Dec. 1773; Chloe, b. 29 Ap. 1775; Charles, b. 20 A]i. 1778; and in Ciiniiiiinij;ton, Sarah, b. 25 Sep. 1781; Luther, b. 15 Ap. or Sej). 1783, (jrad. W. C. 1804, a hiwyer, Lieut.-Governor of New York four years from 1839, and President of the N. Y. Historical Society, d. 30 Sep. 1863 ; lioicenn, b. 30 Sep. 1786. Joiix the-f. rem. to Cummingtou, soon after the l)iith of his son Charles, and was subsequently a colonel. Brady, jMiciiael, ni. Rosanna Devlin, i)ub. 5 Nov. 1856, and had Michael John, b. 7 Oct. 1857 ; Mary Jane, b. 15 j\Iay 1860 ; Peter, b. 12 May 1862 ; Margaret, b. 19 Feb. 1864 ; James, b. 2 May 186 7 ; Faiiui/ Lucrelia, b. 15 Aug. 1869, d. 13 Aug. 1871. Michael the f. d. 26 Aug. 1873, a. 52. Brkkx, Daxiel, ra. Bridget Wrin, pub. 9 July, 1862, and had Margaret, b. 28 Fel). 1863 ; Man/, b. 19 Nov. 1864 ; Henri/, b. 2 June 1867 ; John, b. 22 Oct. 1868 ; Daniel Andrew, b. 26 July 1871 ; David Humphrey, b. 15 June, 1874. BuEXXAN, Philip, ni. Ellen Carroll 25 June 1871, and had Philip, b. 28 Dec. 1877; John, b. 11 Sep. 1880, BitioGE, Samuel (s. of IMatthew, who d. in Lexington 29 May, 1738, gr. s. of -Matthew, who d. in Lex. 28 Ap.sl700, and great-grandson of Deac. John, who d. in Cambriilge about 1665), in. Susanna, dau. of Nathaniel I'aige of Bedford, 9 Ap. 1734, and had Samuel, b. 6 Jan. 1735; his w. Susanna d. 16 Jan. 1735, and he m. Martha Bowman 27 Ap. 1738, by whom he had eleven chil., and d. 8 June 1791, a. 86. 2. Saml'el, s. of Samuel (1), m. Hannah Johnson of Gr., pub. 19 Aug. 1760, and IvmI Joshua, b. 20 Dec. 1761 ; Susanna, h. 24 Feb. 1763; Bezaleel (called Barzilla on the Record of Baptisms), b. 21 Nov. 1764 ; Hannah, b. 11 Jan. 1766 ; d. 22 Jan. 1767; Hannah, h. 26 Ap. 1767 (perhaps tbe same as Anna, who m. Daniel Robinson of Monson 28 Ap. 1788) ; Samuel, h. 1 May, 1768. Samuel the f. inherited land in Hk. under the will of his grandfather Paiout 1745, and peihaps others; he m. (2d) Abigail, dau. of Hatsuld Freeman of Harwich, now Brews- ter, 1 July 1756, and had Jonathan, b. 13 May 1757, m. Deliverance, dau. of Nathan Freeman of Hk., 13 Jan. 1778, and prob. m. (2d) Rebecca Hinkley of Hk. 3 Feb. 1785; Ahiyail, b. 26 Dec. 1758, m. Dr. Arthur Rawson of Hk. 23 June 1785; Hope, b. 21 Jan. 1761; Mary, bap. 10 Ap. 1763. Ebenezer the f. settled in Barre as early as 1776. 2. Ebenezer, of N. Sal., s. of Ebenezer (1), m. Abigail, dau. of Capt. Benjamin Willis of Hk., 26 Dec. 1769, and had Betsey, b. 27 ]\Iay 1772, m. Gideon Tenner of Barre 8 Mar, 1792, and d. 15 ]\Lar. "l870; Moses, b. 6 July 1777 ; Ehen, h.'il Mar. 1784, d. 7 Mar. 1786 ; Ebenezer, b. 2 July 1787; Tyler, b. — Aug. 1772, d. 8 Nov. 1800. Of these chil. the first was b. at N. iSab, the next three at Barre, and the last two were bap. at Hk. 2 July 1 79 7. Be- sides these, was prob. Benjamin Willis, b. about 1775. Ebenezer the f. rem. to Hk. about 1785, and d. 7 Mar. 1 809, a. 65 ; his w. Abigail d. 26 Dec. 1810. 3. Ben.jamin Willis, jjrob. s. of Ebenezer (2), m, Anna, dau. of Eliphalyt Washburn, 25 Nov. 1798, and had Benjamin Willis, b. 6 Nov. 1799, d. at Oxford 31 Dec. 1866; Triphena Washburn, b. 13 Aug. 1801; Aurelia, b. 28 June 1803; Elvira, b. 28 May 1805; Franklin, b. 10 Sep. 1807; Tyler, b. 18 348 CHILDS— CLARK. June 1809 ; Martin Luther, h. 2 June 1811; An7ia, bap. 11 July 1813 ; Julia Ann, bap. 25 June 1814; Alexander Hamilton, bap. 1 June 1817. Benjamin W. the f. res. in the northeasterly part of the town, was elected deacon 10 Aug. 1812, rem. to Barre, and d. in 1838. A sad calamity befell him 2 Oct. 1811, at a military training. During the excitement of a sham-fight, he neglected to remove the ramrod from his musket; the fatal missile struck John Warner (a young soldier twenty years old) in the forehead, and broke, leav- ing exposed about an inch of its length in front, and a part of the screw pro- truding through the skull at the back of the head. Death ensued in a few hours. Eliphaz, m. Ruth Gibbs of Gr., pub. 14 'Ap. 1788. Mercy, of Barre, m. ApoUos Luce, pub. 30 Oct. 1808. Houace S., of Brandon, Vt., m. ]\Iary P. Rice 15 Oct. 1817. Church, Samuel, an early settler, by w. Damaris, had Ahir/all, b. 16 Oct. 1735; Martha, b. 23 Sep. 1737; Elisha, b. 1 Dec. 1739; Sarah, b. 28 Ap. 1741 ; Damaris, b. 29 Aug. 1742; Susamia, bap. 14 July 1745; Hannah, b. 1 Sep. 1747 ; Samuel, b. 10 Oct. 1749; Ursula, b. 14 Oct. 1751. Samuel the f. d. before 13 Nov. 1771, when his w. Damaris m. Stephen Warner of Granby. For many reasons it seems probaTjle that this family descended from Richard Church, who was of Hartford 1637, rem. to ILadley 1659, with sons Edward and Samuel, and d. 16 Dec. 1667. See JudeVs Hist. Hadlei/, p. 460. 2. Richard, prob. brother of Samuel (1), by w. Hannah, had Richard, b. 23 Jan. 1741-2; Samuel, b. 6 Aug. 1743; Simeon, 13 Aug. 1745; Marij, b. 18 Feb. 1747-8, m. Seth Winslow, pub. 23 Nov. 1775; Susanna, b. 11 Mar. 1749-50; Edward, b. 3 Nov. 1752; John, bap. 15 Aug. 1756. Richard the f. was one of the earliest inhabitants of Hk. and an original member of the church oroanized in 1736. He prob. rem. to Gr. before 15 Aug. 1756, when his sons Edward and John were bap. there. 3. Timothy, possibly bro. of Samuel (1), by w. Abigail, had Rrubcn. h. 21 Mar. 1757; Eleanor, b. 21 Oct. 1759; Samuel, bap. 16 Aurr. 1761; Ccdvin, bap. 19 June 1763. Charles, of Bristol, Mass., bought land in Hk. (then Lambstown) 26 Nov. 1735, of William Dudley, and sold the same to Thomas Church of Little Conipton, R. L. 26 Dec. 1735. but no evidence appears that either of them ever res. here. Abigail, of Hadley, m. Ichabod Stratton, Jr., 14 Oct. 1743. Han- nah, m. Moses Chamberlin 12 Aug. 1781. Sarah, m. Zephaniah Spooner 5 Nov. 1789. [Hannah and Sarah before named were daughters of Charles Church of Bristol, and lineal descendants from the famous Colonel Benjamin Church of Little Compton, R. I. They seem also to be descended from John Alden and Governor Bradford ; but the line of descent is not traced.] Clapp, William, had William, bap. 27 July 1817; Samuel Emerson, bap. 30 Sep. 1821. Cephas, of N. Br., m. Hannah Spooner 21 Mar. 1821. Rebecca and Sarah, adults, were bap. 14 May 1820. Clark, Joseph, res. in Rochester, and bv w. Thankful had Isaac, b. 6 Sep. 1721; Katherine, b. 17 Oct. 1723, m. Thomas Weeks of Hk. 3 Ap. 1743 ; Joseph, h. 30 Nov. 1724; Thankful, b. — Aug. 1727; Nathaniel, b. 7 Feb. 1729-30; Willard, b. 21 Mar. 1731-2. 2. Isaac, s. of Joseph (1), m. Content Weeks of Hk. 29 Oct. 1742, and had Betliia, b. 2 July 1744; Isaeic, b. 24 Nov. 1746; Catherine, b. 29 May 1749; Thanl-ful, b. 18 May 1752, m. Jabez Elwell 21 Dec. 1769; Content, b. 21 Aug. 1754, in. Jabez Cobb, 8 Dec. 1776; Sarah, b. 3 July 1757, m. Joseph Robinson, 30 Sep. 1773, and (2d) James Blair of Western (now Warren), 26 Mar. 1805, whom she survived, and d. 16 Dec. 1844; Thomas, bap. 10 Feb. 1760, d. young; Rhoda, h. 27 Jan. 1762, m. Timothy Hathaway 23 Sep. 1784; Thomas, h. 10 July 1764 ; Asa, bap. 18 Ap. 1767; Susanna, b. 29 Jan. 1768, m. Simeon Clark 1 Dec. 1791. Lsaac the f. rem. to Hk. about 1747, was a farmer, and d. 24 Dec. 1804; his w. Content d. 22 Feb. 1809, a. 85. 3. Isaac, s. of Isaac (2), m. Patience Stearns of Wore. 6 Jan. 1774, and had Pollij, h. 3 Mar. 1774, m. John White 19 Nov. 1795 ; Alinda, b. 19 July CLARK. 349 1775. m. Asa Witherell ; Tra, b. 5 June 1777; Ezra, b. 26 Au^. 1779; Patience, b. 21 July 1781, in. Georjie W. Webb 16 Oct. 1803; Bethiu, b. 14 Nov. 1782; Fanny, b. 25 Ap. 1785, m. Samuel IliUbaway 17 Oct. 1805; Wiilard, b. , in. Fanny Giflin 25 Mai*. 1810; llanyion, b. , m. Eliza Bartlett of N. Br., pub. 19 Jan. 1818. Isaac the f. was a fanner, res. on the Ware road, at the place marked " C. Ruggles " on the K. Map, and d. 19 Aug. 1814 ; his w. Patience survived. 4. Ezra, s. of Isaac (3), m. P^lizabeth Webb, 17 Nov. 1803, and had Alma, b. 27 Aug. 1806, m. Wiliard Sloan ; Lulhera, b. 21 Feb. 1810, m. Levi Whip- ple Warner 10 Ap. 1832; Elisha Window, b. 22 Nov. 1811, d. unra. 6 Feb. 1848; Susan, h. 22 May 1813, m. Lucius Lawton 3 Ap. 1834. Elizabeth (pos- thumous), b. 19 Jan. 1815, m. Chilson. Ezra the f. was a farmer, rem. to Danville, Vt., but returned in 1807, and res. on the Ware road next north- erly from his father's farm, and d. 11 Aug. 1814; his w. Elizabeth m. Capt. Benjamin Paige, 6 June, 1819, and d. IG Mar. 1856, a. 73. 5. Edward, b. at Bellingham, m. Anna Jennison, and had Simenti, b. ; prob. Polly, b. , d. 26 Feb. 1789, a. 26; Anna, b. , m. John Paige, pub. 15 Sep. 1788, d. 27 Mar. 1845, a. 77 ; Samuel, h. ; Philena, b. , d. 16 Aug. 1790, a. 17 or 18; Edward, b. ; Nathaniel, b. , m. Sally Curtis 14 July 1793; Sophia, b. , m. Samuel King, pub. 11 Oct. 1801, d. at Barre 27 Mar. 1877, a. 93. Edward the f. came here from Pet. and d. 2 Jan. 1820, a. 88, according to the records of the town and church; but his head-stone is inscribed 5 Dec. 1819, a. 85; his w. Anna d. 16 Oct. 1802, a. 62. 6. Simeon, s. of Edward (5), m. Susanna, dau. of Isaac Clark, 1 Dec. 1791, and had Stillman,h. 6 Feb. 1793; Cyrus, b. 8 Mar. 1795; Asti, b. 12 June 1797; Caroline, bap. 3 Aug. 1800; Liuy, bap. 3 Mar. 1805, Simeon the f. d. in 1809; his w. Susanna d. in 1811. 7. Samuel, s. of Edward (5), m. Mehetabel Ingerson of Ashford, Conn., pub. 30 Oct. 1791, and had Philena, h. , d. 11 Mar. 1809, a. 15; Clarissa, h. , d. 5 Feb. 1809, a. 12; Horace, b. , d. 21 Nov. 1811, a. 12; Almond Ingerson, b. , d. 18 Aug. 1807, a. 21 months; and perhajjs others. 8. Edward, s. of Edward (5), m. Betsey Paige 23 Feb. 1800, and had Eliza, m. Abraham Stevens ; Maria B., m. Barnes Green ; John Paige, d. in Oakham 20 July 1869, a. 63; Charles S afford ; Joseph Cutler; Henry Harri- son ; Benjamin Paige, m. Julia Ann Emerson of Waltham, pub. 9 Ap. 1841, a confectioner, res. in Cambridge, and owns a hotel and large estate at Cold- brook. 9. Stillman, s. of Simeon (6), m. Sophronia Amidon, 9 Sep. 1819; she d. 12 Oct. 1840, a. 47, and he m. Charlotte Howe of Barre, pub. 23 Ap. 1842, His chil. were Charles Stillman, b. 19 June, 1823; lihoda Ann, b. 20 Mar. 1825, m. Bela B. Paige 28 Nov. 1844; Susan Sophronia, b, 16 Aug, 1826; Sarah Amidon, b, 17 July 1829, m, Oren Gould 25 Nov. 1851, and d, 25 Feb, 1878; Alice, b. , d. 8 June 1855, a. 19; Henry, h. 25 Ap. 1844, d. 9 Jan. 1845. Stillman the f. was a farmer, res. on the Barre road, at the place marked with his name on the K. Map, and d. 7 Feb. 1881, a. 88; his w. Charlotte d. 25 July 18 77, a. 75. 10. Asa, s. of Simeon (6), m. Patience Dennis 5 June 1823, and had Eliz- abeth Eunice, b, in Barre 26 Mar. 1824, in. Elijah Warner Robinson 20 Oct. 1855, and d. 19 Mar, 1881 ; Lucy Henry, h. in Barre, 1 June 1826, m. Wii- lard Broad, 18 July 1854; he d., and she m. Alpheus Harding of Barre, 24 June 1874, AsA the f, res. at different times in Pet., Barre, and Hardwick; he d, liere 16 Mar, 1881, a, nearly 84; his w. Patience d, in Barre 1 Oct. 1868, a. 67. 11. Charles Stillman, s. of Stillman (9), m. Sarah W. Xewcomb 14 Dec. 1856, and had Charles Laman, b. 4 Nov. 1857, d. 6 May 1858 ; George Stillman, b. 30 June 1859; Frederick Williams, b. 13 Oct. 1862; Frank Dex- ter, h. 11 Oct. 1868; Carrie Maria S.,h. 15 Nov. 1871. Charles Still- ■ man the f., a farmer, res. oui' the Barre road, at the place marked " Mr. Haven " on the R. Map. 350 CLARK — CLEVELAND. 12. Nathan, by w. Anna, had Relief, b. 8 Sep. 1801. 13. HexVUY H., by w. Froelove, had7/e»/-^ R., b. , d. 31 July, 1838, a. 3; a daughter b. 7 Sep. 1848; and perhaps others. His w. Freelove d. 23 Sep. 1850, a. 39. 14. Kkxas, by w. Jane Ann, had Julia Maria, h. 4 Mar. 1849; Martha Maria, b. 27 Mar. 1851. Sally, d. 3 Mar. 1813, a. 23. Phii.ena, d. 20 Oct. 1840, a. 37. Lydia, of Rochester, m. Moses Haskell, pub. 18 May 1751. Haxnah, of Barre, m. Samuel Robinson, Jr., 15 May 1758. Edward, of Plubbardston, m. Mrs. Su- sanna Rice, 22 Ap. 17 79. Seth, m.Ede Love, pub. 15 Oct. 1780. Haxnah, m. Samuel Haskins 3d, 19 Jan. 1804. Cleveland, ErnRAiM, " m. Hannah Hayward, 1747, and settled in W. B., and had Joseph 17 49, ^Benjamin 1751, Elijah 1753, Lucy and Ehenezer 1755, Olive 1758, Pera«T7tJ0,"' (Mitchell's Hist. Bridgetcater, p. 13 7.) Besides these thei'e was prob. Ephraiin, b. in 1747 or 1748. All the chil. except Benjamin were m. in Hk. : — Ephraim, m. Lydia Whipple 15 Nov. 1770; Joseph, m. Elizabeth Wheeler 4 May 1772 ; Elijah, ni. Sally Marsh, pub. 14 May, 1789, and d. 15 July 1812, a. 60 ; Lucy, m. Ichabod Eddy, pub. 24 Dec. 1780 ; Ehenezer, m. Betsey Barnard 28 Nov. 1790 ; Olive, m. Silas Whitaker of Pet. 7 Ap. 1785; Persis, m. Aaron Cooley of Athol, 9 Oct. 1783. Ephhaim the f. was a saddler, bought a farm in the westerly part of Hk. 27 Mar. 1761, to which he prob. rem. immediately, and d. 9 Ap. 1822, a. 96 ; ^ his w. Hannah d. 21 Nov. 1810, a. 81. Their posterity in Hk. was numerous ; but as only one of their sons caused the birth of his children to be entered on the town records, and the later generations were alike neglectful until 1843, I have no means to trace the family genealogy with exactness. I can only gather a few fragments, chiefly from the records of marriages and deaths. 2. Ebenkzer, s. of Ephraim (l),m. Betsey Barnard 28 Nov. 1790, and had Polly, b. 6 Dec. 1791, m. Rufus Barnes 31 Dec. 1818 ; Asa (or Asaph), b. 6 Nov. 1795, m. Nancy Freeman, pub. 20 Dec. 1824, d. 25 Sep. 1880 ; William, b. 1 Sep. 1798; Newcomb, b. 18 Feb. 1800, m. Sophronia Gilbert 17 Feb. 1824. Ebenezer the f. d. 7 Dec. 1800, a. 45. 3. Joseph, prob. s. of Joseph and Elizabeth (Wheeler), m. Anna Barnes, and had Jason, who m. Lucy H. Smith 3 Jan. 1845; his w. Anna, d. 1 7 Mar. 1823, a. 16, and he m. Bathsheba, dau. of Luther Burgess, jDub. 12 Sep. 1825, and had Joseph; Andrew; Henry; Cutler; Charlotte, d. 14 Aug. 1835, a. 20 months; Frederick M., b. 1836; William H., b. 1840, m. Mary A. Atwood 17 July 1861, two days afterwards joined the Union Army, and d. in the service 19 Aug. 1863 ; Dwiyht, b. 23 Nov. 1843 ; Franklin H., b. 11 Dec. 1846 ; Alpheus, b. 3 June 1852; a son b. 29 Dec. 1854, d. 31 Dec. 1854. 4. Elijah, prob. s. of Elijah and Sally (Marsh), m. Lucy Barnes 14 Dec. 1819 ; some of their chil. were Henry E., b. 1820, m. Abigail B. Holden of N. Sal. 26 Aug. 1846 ; Albert A., b. 1 822, m. Mary J. Dart"28 Mar. 1847 ; Ejjhraim, h. 1823, m. Angeline C. Holden of N. Sal, pub. 5 Ap. 1848 ; Lucia C, b. 1825, m. Eli Warner of N. Br. 1 Ap. 1845 ; William Warren, b. 1831. Elijah the f. d. 28 Oct. 1856, a. 66 ; his w. Lucy d. 31 Jan. 1858, a. 61. 5. Royal, s. of Elijah and Sally (JMarsh), m. Sally Smith of Pet., pub. 3 Ap. 1820 ; some of their chil. were Porter C, b. 1823; Edward S., b. 1829, m. Nancy G. Turner of Alna, Me., 4 May 1869; Alinira N., b. 1835, m. William W. Cleveland 20 Jan. 1853. Royal the f. d. 26 Feb. 1875, a. nearly 82 ; his w. Sally d. 23 Nov. 1873, a. nearly 78. 6. Newcomb, s. of Ebenezer (2), m. Sophronia Gilbert 17 Feb. 1824, and had William Orson, b. 21 Oct. 1827 ; ;S'«ra/i Gilbert, b. 29 Aug. 1829; So- jJironia Jane, b. 25 June 1831 ; Alpheus Angel, h. 25 Aug. 1834. 7. Joseph A., s. of Joseph (3), by w. Mary E., had Joseph Anson, b. 30 Jan. 1847. 8. Frederick M., s. of Joseph (3), m. Helen J. Barnes 4 JMay 1864, and 1 The Town Record gives 80 as the age, but the date of marriage and other facts plainly indicate a mistake. CLEVELAND — COBB. 351 had Eugene Sumner, h. 31 Mar. 1865; Leslie Limcood, b. 10 Mar. 1871 ; Heher Howe, i). 3 Sop. 1872 ; Ernest Elgin, b. 23 July 1876. Fukderick M. the f. d. 10 Deo. 1876, a. nearly 41. !). DwiGirr, s. of Joseph (3), by w. Sarah J., had Arlelld Rowena, h. 25 Nov. 18(;2, d. 4 Mar. 1863 ; Leceretf Dwighl, b. 16 July 1866. 10. William Wakiikn, s. of Elijah (4), m. Alniira M. Cleveland 20 |Jan. 1853, and had Mige, Esq., plying his trade in a shop fitted up for his use. He d. 29 Oct. 1807, a. 61; but my memory of his kindness to me in my childhood is yet green. CoNKEY, Nehemiah, prob. s. of James and grandson of Alexander, named below, m. Marietta Lincoln 28 Nov. 1844, and had James Burt, b. 4 Sep. 1845; Mary Louisa, b. 27 July 1847, m. Lauriston Giflin of Barre 9 Ap. 186 7; Julia Elizabeth, b. 17 Dec. 1851; George Lincoln, b. 6 June 1854, d. 17 May 1857; Frederick Lincoln, b. 24 Aug. 1857, d. 20 Ap. 1868; Willard Alanson, b. 5 Ap. 1861; Frank Nehemiah, b. 15 May 1863; Frances Maria, b. 7 Mar. 1866. 2. James Buht, s. of Nehemiah (1), m. Charlotte Foster of Ware 1 Mar. 1870, and had Louis Nehemiah, b. 6 Dec 1870; Annie Louise, b. 8 Ap. 1872, d. 12 Feb. 1878; Harold E., b. 29 Sep. 1878. Alexander, a Revolutionary pensioner, b. in Pelham, d. 17 Jan. 1847, a. 93. James, d. 15 Mar. 1842, a. 65; Elizabeth, w. of James, d. 11 July 1859, a. 7 7. Elizabeth, dau. of James and Elizabeth, m. Frederick A. Cobb 11 Dec. 1845. CoNVEiis, Benjamin (otherwise written Converse), by w. Hannah, had Asa Wright, bap. 18 Mar. 1781; Royal, bap. 12 May 1782; an elder son Royal, d. 5 Feb. 1781, a. 4. His w. Hannah d. 25 July 1785, a. 34, and he m. Esther Grosvener of Windsor, pub. 17 May 1786. Benjamin the f., then of W^indsor, bought the estate of Thomas Robinson, at and near the Old Furnace, 19 Oct. 1780 (for twenty thousand pounds in the depreciated cur- rency of tliat period), and probably rem. immediately to Hk. He was licensed as a retailer in 1781 and 1782, and for a few yeai's seems to have been pros- perous. But in the troublous time which followed, he became an active mili- tary partisan of Shays, appearing as adjutant at Worcester on the 6th of Sep- tember 1786; and on the collapse of the Rebellion found it necessary to abscond in order to avoid arrest. His subsequent history is unknown to me. 2. Daniel J., m. Sabrina Brown, pub. 23 Jan. 1826. Their only child whose name appears on the record of births was Emily Elvira, b. 13 Sep. 1843. Daniel J. the f. d. 16 May 1852, a. 49. Sarah, d. 10 Ap. 1845, a. 19. Cook, John, by w. , had Esther, bap. 29 Oct. 1764 ; Lucy, bap. 5 Ap. 1767^ Cooper, John, m. Mary Sherman of Grafton 15 Mar. 1748-9, and had COOPER — CROWELL. 355 Sarah, h. 18 Feb. 1749-50, d. 8 Jan. 1767; Nathaniel, b. 8 Nov. 17.51 ; Mary, b./20 July 1753; John, b. 15 June 1755; Joel, h. 13 Ap. 1757; lliddah, b. 1 May 1759; Sherman, b. 3 Ap. 17G1; Matilda, b. IG Ap. 1762; Barnabas, h. 28 July 1764; Chloe, b. 20 Dec. 1766. John, the f. was prob. s. of Samuel, who rem. from Cambridge to Grafton in the summer of 1730, and was elected deacon 21 Jan. 1732; if so, he was bap. 7 Mar. 1724-5, and was orandson of Deacon Samuel Cooper, and groat-grandson of Deacon John Coojier, both of Cambridge. See Hist. Cambridije, pp. 516, 517. While residing in Grafton, 30 July 1746, he bought 100 acres of Umd in Hk., and was adniitted to the church here on the first day of the succeeding March. He was elected dea- con before 9 July 1751, when his name appears with tliat title on tlie church record ; very probably the election soon followed the i^signation of Deacon Paige and Deacon Robinson in 1749. He was soTectman one year, assessor ten years, town clerk five years, and fre(iuently school-teacher between 1751 and 1766. He prob. rem. or died in 1769, as in March of tliat year he was elected town clerk and assessor, and in the following May a successor in each office was elected ; also the office of deacon in the church was filled by the election of Capt. William Paige (son of the former Deac. Paige) 9 Nov. 1769. CovELL, Royal, m. Emeline Goss, of Winchester, N^ H., 9 Aug. 1853. Harriet E. C., m. John J. Johnson 11 Mar. 1852. Cox, Ebenezer, by w. Elizabetli, had Anna, b. , m. Nathan Carpen- ter 15 Mar. 17 73; (prob.) Salhj, b. 1759, d. unm. 2 Sep. 1.S08, a. 49; Jemima, b. 10 Nov. 1761, m. Noah Hatch 4 Feb. 1783 ; Thankful, b. 27 Aug. . 1763; John Davenport, b. 24 Mar. 1765; Hannah, b. 2 Ap. 1767, m. Eliakim Fay of Barnard 5 Sep. 1790; Elizabeth, bap. 15 May 1768. Ebenezer the f. was born in Doi'chester, rem. early to W^rentham, and thence to Hk. about 1760; he res. on a road leading from the turnpike to Ruggles Hill, at a place marked " L. Burgess " on the R. Map. He was a distinguished officer during the French War ; his name is borne on the Muster Rolls as a lieutenant in 1757, and captain from 1758 to 1762. He d. 2 Mar. 1768, a. 41, and his pa- triotism, valor, and good conduct are commemorated on his head-stone, which remains standing in the old cemetery. 2. Benjamin, prob. brother of Ebenezer (1), by w. Jerusha, had George, b. 1 July 1762; Jerusha, b. 16 Feb. 1764, m. Holland Blackmer in Barnard 7 Nov. 1782; Benjamin, b. 13 Aug. 1766; Ebenezer, b. 28 Nov. 1768; PhUena, b. 1 June 1771, m. Josiah Newton of Hk., pub. 29 Nov. 1792; Charles, b. 18 Oct. 1773 ; Lucinda, h. 7 Sup. 1776 (as recorded in Hk., or 26 Jan. 1776, according to the Barnard record); and in Barnard, Thomas, b. 20 Aug. 1778; Fanny, h. 30 Nov. 1783. Bexjamix the f. also rem. from Wrentham to Hk. about 1760, and was actively engaged in tlie Fi-ench War; his name is en- rolled as a private in the company of Capt. Ebenezer Cox in 1758, as sergeant in 1759, and as ensign in 1760. He rem. to Barnard, Vt., about 1777, where he was one of the most active citizens, a captain of militia during the Revo- lutionary War, assessor, justice of the peace, and representative. He d. 25 Sep. 1788, a. 48. 3. John Davenport, s. of Ebenezer (1), m. Anna Powers of Brimfield, pub. 17 July 1786, and had Stephen, b. 1789, d. 2 Ap. 1791, a. 2 ; Eben-^ ezer, b. — May 1791, d. at Wore. 14 Dec. 1863, a. 72; Pamela ; and Maria ; perhaps one of the dau. was b. before Stephen. John D. the f. d. 26 Ap. 1795; his w. Anna survived. Elizabeth, perliaps dau. of Benjamin (2), and b. at Wrentham, m. James Byram 8 Feb. 1781, and rem. to Barnard about 1786. Crowell, Joshua, m. Mary Shiverick at Falmouth 5 Dec. 1745, and had Bathsheba, h. 25 May 1747, m. David Waite 23 Nov. 1769; Joshua, b. 8 Ap. ' 1749, m. Mary Field of Brk. 12 Jan. 1775 ; Paul, b. 20 May 1751, res. in Brk., m. Jerusha , and d. 28 Sep. 1830; Salviria, b. 17 Ap. 1753, m. Nathaniel Paige of Barnard, Vt., 1 Feb. 1781 ; Hannah, b. 14 July 1755, m. Jcduthun ^^ Spooner 27 Ap. 1781 ; Thomas, b. 1 July 1757, d. 22 Jan. 1812; il/rtr//, b. 10 ^ June 1759, m. Isaac Davis 28 June 1789; Shiverick, h. 24 Mar. 1762, yi. Su- sanna Aiken 15 Sep. 1785, at Barnard, and d. there 19 May 1826 ; Nathaniel, .*' 356 CROWELL — CUMMINGS. b. 4 Sep. 1764, d. unm. at Barnard 8 Aug. 1785; Joseph,h. 9 Oct. 1770. All these chil. except Joseph wei-e b. and bap. at Falmouth. Joshua the f. rem. to Hk. as early as 1769, and caused the births of his chil. to be entered on rec- ord. He -was prob. a descendant of John Crowell (formerly written Crow and Croel), who came to N. E. in 1635, " and was early in Yarmouth with w. Elishua." He was a farmer and res. on the easterly road to Gilbertville (with his son-in-law Mr. Spooner), at the place marked " Wid. Marsh " on the R. Map. His Christian character was severely tested by domestic affliction. His dau. Hannah (Mrs. Spooner) was insane for several years, and at length, on the 27th of January 1807, destroyed the life of her aged mother by stealthily approaching behind her chair, as she sat near the fire, and crushing her skull with an axe. After this Mrs. Spooner was more closely watched ; but on the 16th of the following December she eluded the watchfulness of her keepers and destroyed her own life by cutting her throat. Mr. Crowell's son Thomas was also insane for many years; he was harmless and inoffensive, would sel- dom speak to any one, but would walk abroad in whatever weather, bare- headed and barefooted, and very thinly clad. J do not remember ever to have seen him with a hat or overcoat. In an unusually cold night, 22 Jan. 1812, he kindled a fire which consumed the house of his brother Joseph (who had the care of him), and perished in the Hames.^ The venerable father found rest from his earthly labors and trials 11 Sep. 1813, a. 91 ; his w. Mary, as be- fore mentioned, met her tragical fate 27 Jan. 1807, a. 82. 2. Joseph, s. of Joshua (1), m. Perthenia Thomas 24 Oct. 1793, and had Paulina, b. 3 Dec. 1794, m. Jesse Shaw 19 Dec. 1813; Adolphus, b. 3 Feb. 1797; Maria, b. 25 Mar. 1798; Erastus, b. 10 May 1799, m. Rebecca Both- erel, pub. 10 Ap. 1820; Sophronia, b. 14 Ap. 1801 ; Jerusha, b. IG Ap. 1803; Harvey, b. 15 Dec. 1804; Plimj Thomas, bap. IG Sep. 1810. Joseph the f. was not insane, but was thriftless and imprudent in his habits. He res. on the easterly road to Gilbertville, at the place marked " Mr. Cobb " on the R. Map; but several years after the destruction of his house by fire, as before related, and the erection of a new one on the same spot, he rem. to Broome, N. Y. CuMMiNGS, Jacob, by w. Ruth, had Nathan, bap. 25 July 1742, and no more is known of him. 2. Isaac, by w. Susanna, had prob. Isaac ; Olive, b. 11 Dec. 1755, m. Jo- seph Mixter of Templeton 25 May 1777. 3. Isaac, prob. s. of Isaac (2), as he is styled Isaac, Jr., in the record of his first marriage, m. Catherine Ramsdell 11 May 1774, and (2d) Lydia Wash- burn, pub. 4 Sep. 1785. His chil. were Catherine, b. 7 Nov. 1779, m. Amos Lamed of N. Sal. 1 Dec. 1803; Isaac, b. 6 Sep. 1784, m. Susanna Burden, pub. 12 Feb. 1809, and d. 4 Oct. 1835; Joseph, b. 25 Nov. 1786; Lydia, b. 28 Ap. 1788 ; Zoias, b. 12 July 1789; Noah, b. 5 May 1791, d. 17 Aug. 1847 (his son Henry King, d. 27 July 1829, a. 3); Asa, b. 11 Feb. 1793 ; Polly, b. 16 Ap. 1795, d. unm. 20 Nov. 1814 ; and perhaps Lonihamah, b. 1796, d. unm. 16 Oct. 1814, a. 18. His w. Lydia d. 13 Oct. 1814, a. 48. 4. Joseph, s. of Isaac (3), m. Polly Sprout of Gr., pub. 19 Sep. 1812, and d. 23 Oct. 1814. Mary, who d. 8 Nov. 1814, a. about 2, was prob. his daughter. 5. HosEA, parentage not ascertained, m. Sarah, dau. of Marshall Johnson, 25 Feb. 1831, and had Balarah, b. 1837. d. 8 Ap. 1840, a. 2 years and 9 mos. ; Edqar, b. 1842, a soldier in the Union Army, d. at New Berne, N. C, 14 Jan. 1863, a. 20; Theresa (or Theolotia) Louisa, b. 6 Jan. 1845, d. 18 Feb. 1847; Almeda, b. 6 May 1856, d. 15 May 1872; and perhaps others. Hosea the f. d. 31 May 1877, a. 69; his w. Sally, d. 5 Nov. 1873, a. 59. 1 Insanity appeared in the next genera- imperial commands by the sound of drum or tion. Among others, David Crowell of Brk., fife, and enforcing them by waving his flag, s. of Joshua, and grandson of Joshua (1), is Unlike his uncle Thomas, he was generally well remembered as "King David." Some- willing to converse with adults, and even times on horseback, but generallv on foot, with children; but pressure of important with drum and fife, a featiier on hfs hat, and business compelled him to grant only brief a small flag whose staff re-ted in his side- audiences. The cares of his kingdom were pocket, he "traveled the streets of Brk. and so engrossing and oppressive that, as I re- the adjoining towns, calling attention to his member, he was seldom seen to smile. CUMMINGS — CUTLER. 357 6. William D., of Waterbury, Conn., m. Mary Ann, dau. of Dwight Bill- ings, 18 Sep. 1855, and bad Ilaltie G., b. 19 July 1858. He now res. in Con- necticut. 7. BiLLixGS, m. Caroline Robinson, pub. 24 Dec. 1855; she d. 8 Sep. 1857, a. 27, and he ui. Melissa Robinson, pub. 21 Dec. 1857; she d. , and he m. Mrs. riuldah King 22 Nov. 1859, who d. 10 Dec. 18G8, a. 38. I find on record the name of only one child, Herbert B., b. 12 May 1857. 8. Augustus H., ni. Mary A. Pierce of Ware, pub. 13 Feb. 1871, and had Freddie A., b. , d. 6 July 1872. Mrs. IIanxah (b. in StafVord, Conn.), d. 4 Jan. 1862, a. 71. Azubah, in. Nathaniel Sprout, Jr., 28 Dec. 1775. Fanxy, m. John Gilbert 26 May 1815. Bktsey, m. Samuel Johnson 29 June 1829. Caroline R., m. Lauriston F. Crawford of Oakham, 8 Oct. 1829. Catherixe R., m. Sumner Latham 22 Nov. 1831. LuciNDA H., m. William S. Barnes 24 May 1842. Lutiieka, m. George Betts of Waterbury, Conn., 5 Nov. 1844. Axgelixa C, m. James W. Sturtevant 27 Nov. 1850. I have no means to indicate the several families to which these persons belonged. Cutler, James (prob. s. of Thomas, who d. in Lexington 13 July 1 722, a. about 72, and grandson of James, who d. in Cambridge 17 May 1694, a. about 88), was bap. in Watertown 9 Jan. 16S7, and by w. Alice had Jaim-x, b. 13 Ap. 1715; WilUam,h.i Ap. 1717; T/ianlful, bap. 24 Mar. 1719; Uohert,\i. 3 Ap. 1721 ; Alice, b. 27 Nov. 1729, m. E|)hraini Jones, Jr., of Concord, 16 Nov. 1752. James the f. d. in Cambridge (Menotomy) 16 Sep. 1756 ; his w. Alice d. 22 Sep. 1756, a. 67. 2. William, s. of James (1), was an innholder, at Menotomy, m. Elizabeth Whitteniore 15 Sep. 1743. She d. 29 Dec. 1770, and he m. Rebecca, wid. of Thomas Hall, pub. 2 Jan. 1773. Of the first wife, the " Boston News Letter," dated Jan. 10, 1771, says "she was the mother of 36 children; but the 35"" was the only one that survived to follow her to the grave."/ The survivor was William, b. 23 Dec. 1764, grad. H. C. 1786, was a physician in Virginia, and d. in Dinwiddle Co, 17 May 1836. ^ The second wife ha.d James, b. 12 May 1774, a printer in Boston ; Rebecca, b. — Jan. 1777, d. 6 Aug. 1778; Rebecca, b. 22 Dec. 1779. WiLLiAAi the f. d. 1 Ap. 1781. His w. Rebecca was living in 1817. 3. Robert, s. of James (1), grad. H. C. 1741, was ordained at Epping, N. H., in 1747, dismissed in 1755, installed at Greenwich, Mass., 13 Feb. 1760, where he d. 24 Feb. 1786, a. 65. He m. Hannah Crosby of Billerica; she d. and he m. Elizabeth Fiske of Lexington 3 Sep. 1751. His chil. were Hannah, b. 22 July 1745, m. John Haskell of Hardwick, and d. 4 Sep. 183 1 ; MiUecent, b. 20 Jan. 1747, m. Denison Robinson of Hardwick, and d. at Wind- sor, Mass., 5 July 1798; Robert, b. 2 Oct. 1748, a physician in Amherst, m. wid. Esther Guernsey, and d. 10 Mar. 1835; Prudence, b. 18 Feb. 1750, m. Joshua Clark, and d. 17 Aug. 1782; Dudley, b. 1 July 1752, m. Lydia Howard, and d. in mSSpWilliam, b. 23 Dec. 1753; James, b. 24 Sep. 1756, d. 8 Oct. 1756 ; Elizabeth, b. 2 June 1758, d. 4 Nov. 1758; Ebenezer, b. 17 July 1759, d. unm. 26 June 1839; James, b. 5 Sep. 1761, d. 27 Mar. 1768; Amos, b. 11 Oct. 1763, d. 15 Ap. 1764; Elizabeth, b. 2 May 1766, m. Benjamin Harwood, and d. in Nov. 1849 ; Alice, b. 23 Nov. 1768, m. Jairus Howard, and d. 29 June 1811; Samuel, b. 16 Ap. 1771, d. 7 May 1771; James, b. 23 May 1772, d. 3 Oct. 1773. 4. William, s. of Robert (3), m. Rebecca, dau. of Joseph Cutler of AVestern (now AVarren) and had William, h. about 1782, d. unm. IS Feb. 1811, a. 28; Rebecca, b. about 1788, m. Col. Samuel Billings 9 Sep. 1811, d. at Greenfield 30 July 1864, a. 76; Harriet, b. about 1790, m. Nathan Ruggles of Hartford, Conn., 23 Ap. 1813, and d. 1878; Samuel Fiske, h. 1792; Elbrid(/e, b. about 1795, m. Huldah, dau. of David Paige, 20 Sep. 1817, had dau. Rebecca (who d. 4 Aug. 1820, a. 2), and other chil. whose names are not found on record; he was a merchant in company wfth his father and brother, res. at the place marked " E. Cutler" on the R. Map, rem. to Hartford about 1835, and d. there; Caroline, bap. 19 Aug. 1798, d. 18 Sep. 1798; an infant d. 8 Sep. 358 CUTLER — DANFORTH. 1803. William the f. was a physician for several years in "Western, but rem. to Hk. in 1795, retired from active practice, and established himself as an apothecary and dealer in English and West India goods; he was also post- master ^ and justice of the peace. He res. on the old Parsonage Lot, half a mile north from the Common, at the place marked " E. Cutler " on the R. Map, until about LSIO, when he erected the spacious mansion, on the easterly part of the same farm, marked " S. F. Cutler." He d. 9 Feb. 1832, a. 78; his w. Rebecca d. 27 Nov. 1820, a. 60. 5. Samuel Fiske, s. of William (4), m. Luthera, dau. of Daniel Ruggles, Esq., 24 May 1819; she d. 17 Aug. 1823, a. 25, and he m. L-ene CowTes of Amherst, pub. 24 Ap. 1825. His chil., b. in Hk., were Caroline, b. 14 May 1819, m. Calvin C. Foster of Wore, and d. there; Luthera, b. 12 July 1823, d. 8 Mar. 1824; Luthera, b. 15 Jan. 1826, m. Ithamar F. Conkey of Amherst; Samuel Porter, b. 11 Dec. 1829, d. young; and at Amh., William, b. about 1843, d. nnm. at Boston 8 Oct. 1875, a. 32. Samuel Fiske the f. was a mer- chant in partnership with his father and brother, succeeded his father as post- master, was selectman five years, assessor two years, representative one year, and justice of the peace. He res. on the easterly part of the homestead (his brother having the westerly part), at the place marked " S. F. Cutler " on the R. Map. After 1835 he rem. to Amherst, where he d. 9 Sep. 1863, a. 71; his w. L-ene d. 3 Oct. 1876, a. 71. 6. David (s. of Thomas who was b. 15 Dec. 1677, grandson of James who d. 31 July 1685, a. 50, and great-grandson of James who d. in Camb. 17 May 1694, a. about 88), was b. at Lexington 28 Aug. 1705, m. Mary, dau. of Joseph Tidd, and had Abigail, b. 1 May, 1728, m. Samuel Hodgman of Western (now Warren) 7 May 1755; David, b. 15 July 1730, m. Dorcas Reed of Lex. and rem. to Western ; Joseph, b. 31 May 1733; Isaac, b. — June 1736, d. — Jan. 1737; Mary, b. 12 Aug. 1738, m. John Paige of Hk. 15 Sep. 1757 ; Solomon, b. 15 May 1740, m. Rebecca Paige of Bedford; Thomas, b. 5 May 1742, m. Abi- gail Reed of Western; Elizabeth, b. 5 Aug. 1745, m. Benjamin Moore of Lex. 3 May 1768; Amittai, b. 15 July 1748, m. Nathan Leonard of Hk. 26 Nov. 1766. David the f. res. at Lexington, was selectman three years, accumu- lated a large estate, and d. of small-pox 5 Dec. 1760 ; his w. Mary d. 25 May 1797, a. 93. -^ 7. Joseph, s. of David (6), "settled at Western (now Warren) about 1755, m. May 6, 1775, Rebecca Hoar of Lincoln, and (2d) Sep. 20 1759, Mary Read of Western. Had Converse, and Joseph, a farmer, by his first wife; Reuben, b. 1775, twin brother to Nathan, A. M., Esq. Also 6 daughters, by second wife." — Cutler Genealogy, p. 59. Reuben taught school in Hk. one or moi-e terms about the year 1800. One of the "six daughters" was Rebecca, b. about 1760, m. Dr. William Cutler (4) before named, and d. 27 Nov. 1820, a. 60. 8. CoNVERS, s. of Joseph (7), m. Eunice (prob. Woodward); she d. 24 May 1821, a. 54, and he m. Mrs. Ruth Gorham of Barre, pub. 9 July 1824. His chil. were Pamelia, b. , m. David Trask of Leicester, pub. 21 July 1816; Convers Franklin, b. 22 Dec. 1791, d. unm. 16 May 1813 (styled Con- vers, Jr., in the record of his death, and on his head-stone) ; Eunice Woodward, b. 19 July 1794, m. Reed Paige, at Barnard, Vt., 31 Mar. 1819, and d. s. p. at Bakersfield, Vt., 3 Aug. 1871; Aaron Woodward, b. 26 Dec. 1797, d. unm. at the almshouse, 26 Mar. 1865. Convers the f. was a physician, chiefly distin- guished for his skill in obstetric cases and in managing chronic ailments ; he was powerless where heroic treatment was necessary. In April, 1796, then residing in Wilbraham, he bought the place marked "J. Gorham," about three quarters of a mile northwesterly from the Common in Hk., where he spent the remainder of his days. He d. suddenly 1 Nov. 1831, a. 76; his w. Ruth sur- vived. Danforth, Nicholas, res. in Cambridge as early as 1635, was selectman and representative; he d. in Ap. 1638*; his w. Elizabeth d. in England in 1629. His chil. were Elizabeth, b. 1619, m. Andrew Belcher, and d. 26 Oct. 1680, a. 1 The first who held that office in Hardwick. DANFORTH — DAY. 359 61 (she was si'andmother of Governor Jonathan Belcher); Thomas, b. 1622, d. 5 Nov. 1G99, a. 71, deputy governor of the Colony, for many years one of the foremost men in the government, and the acknowledged leader of the party in opposition to arbitrary power; Anna, h. about 1624, m. Matthew Bridge, and d. 2 Dec. 1 704 ; Samuel, b. 162G, grad. H. C. 1643, ordnined pastor of the church at Roxbury 24 Sep. 1650, and d. 19 Nov. 1674; Jonathan, b. 29 Feb. 1627-8. 2. Jonathan, s. of Nicholas (1). m. Elizabeth Poulter 22 Nov. 1654; she d. 7 Oct. 1689, and he m. Esther, wid. of Josiah Convers of Woburn, and dau. of Elder Richard Champney of Cambridge. He "was the first captain of Bil- lerica, was chosen representative in 1684, town clerk twenty years, and one of the most eminent land surveyors of his time." Fanner. By his first wife he had eleven chil., of whom the seventh was Samuel, b. 5 Feb. 1665-6. JoxA- THAN the f. d. 7 Sep. 1712. 3. Samuel, s. of Jonathan (2), ni. Hannah Crosby, 8 Jan. 1694-5, and had seven chil., of whom the third was Samuel, b. 15 May 1701. Samuel the f. d. 19 Ap. 1742. 4. Samuel, s. of Samuel (3), m. Elizabeth Hosley, and bad James, b. 10 Jan. 1729-30; Isaac, b. 9 Jan. 1731-2; Samuel and Nicholas, twins, b. 8 Dec. 1734 ; Elizabeth, h. 10 May 1736 ; Jonathan, b. 26 Feb. 1741-2. Samuel the £. d. 28 June 1750; his w.'Elizabeth d. 3 July 1756. 5. Jonathan, s. of Samuel (4), ra. in Hk. Susanna, dau. of Rev. David White. 19 Ap. 1770; she d. 14 Nov. 1779, and he m. Anna,dau. of Joseph Ruggles, 1 Oct. 1780. His chil. were Samuel, b. 9 IMar. 1771, res. at Rupert and Pawlet, Vt., but d. at Ithaca, N. Y., 17 Dec. 1824, leaving son Charles, b. 23 Aug. 1800, grail. W. C. 1826, a clcrixyman, chiefly engaged as a missionary in the Western States, d. at Oberlin, O., in 1867; Jonathan, b. 25 Feb. 1773, d. unm. 3 Ap. 1797; David White, b. 10 Nov. 1774, d. 16 Dec. 1774; Pamela, b. 8 Nov. 1777, d. unm. at Rupert, 16 Dec. 1802 ; Susaivia W., b. 28 Dec. 1781, m. Capt. Moses Gray of Pres. 22 May 1828; Joseph Rur/r/les, b. 20 Mar. 1784, d. unm. 23 Ap. 1803 ; Hannah, h. 8 June 1786, d. unm. 13 June 1811 ; Lyman, b. 22 Oct. 1788, rem. to Pownall, Vt.; Ann R., b. 2 Mar. 1791, d. unm. 29 Nov. 1873; Cyrus, b. 29 Sep. 1793; James, b. , was major of militia, m. Nancy R. Smith of Barre, pub. 11 Sep. 1830, and about that time rem. from Hk. Jonathan the f., in early life, was a merchant, or keeper of a country store in Hk., and incurred public disappi'obation by dealing in tea while it was contraband in 1776. After his second marriage he res. less than half a mile south of the Common, at the place marked " O. Trow" on the R. Map, which was the homestead of Mrs. Danforth's father. During the Revolution he was regarded as a Tory, and was subjected to confinement, which he re- sented and expressed his opinions in language more forcil)le than elegant. The breach was afterwards healed, however; he dwelt among his townsmen in peace, and served them as selectman, assessor, and collector of taxes. He d. 15 Sep. 1833, a. 90; his w, Anna d. 4 Mar. 1824, a. 69. 4. Cyrus, s. of Jonathan (3), m. Hannah P., dau. of John Jenney, 16 Mar. 1817, and had Joseph R., b. 19 July 1818, res. in Worcester and d. 4 Sep. 1880; Hannah, b. 19 Jan. 1821, m. Waterville (or Walter) Sibley of Brk. 29 Mar. 1843; Mary R., b. 16 Jan. 1823, m. Chester Hubbard of Temple- ton, pub. 3 Feb. 1844 (they rem. to Keokuk, Iowa, where he d. 29 June 1861, a. 45, and his monument stands near the northerly gate of the new cemetery in Ilk.) ; Gcorqe E., b. 3 Feb. 1825, rem. to California; Pamela W., b. 15 Sep. 1827, m. Benjamin F. Paige 31 Dec. 1848. Mrs. Danforth m. (2d) Clark Stone of Enf. 30 Sep. 1858, and d. 31 Oct. 1873, a. 73. Davenport, John, by w. Martha, had/iu/A Jamerson,h. 15 Oct. 1845; Lu- nette Rou-ena, b. 12 June, 1852. Day, Israel, had Jacob, bap. 29 Mar. 1752. 2. Warren, of N. Sal., m. Lucinda Robinson, pub. 7 Nov. 1829, and had in Hk. Maria, b. 17 Sep. 1830; Hannah, b. 7 Aug. 1832. Dilly, ni. Aaron Nazro, 21 Mar. 1808. RuFUS, of N. Sal., m. Fanny Dex- ter 22 Nov. 1830. 360 DEAN. Dean, Walter, at Dorchester 1636, and at Taunton 1640, m. Eleanor, dau. of Richard Strong of Taunton, England, and had Joseph, Ezra, Benjamin, and three chil. whose names do not appear. He is said to have come from Chard, Eng., and was a tanner; he was deputy or representative 1640, and selectman 1679-1686. He and his wife were both living in 1693, affordino- an example of that longevity which distinguished so many of their descendants. 2. Ezra, s. of Walter (1), m. Bethia, dau. of Samuel Edson of Bridge- water, 17 Dec. 1676, and had Bethia, b. 14 Oct. 1677, d. 27 Nov. 1779 ; Ezra b. 14 Oct. 1680, had sixteen chil., of whom thirteen attained the age of 80 years and upwards (and of this extraordinary number, seven reached the a^e of 90, and one completed a full century) ; Samuel, b. 11 Ap. 1681, d. 16 Feb. 1683; Scth, b. 3 June 1683; ]\Iargaret, b. , m. Shaw; Ephraim, b. . Ezra the f. d. about 1732. 8. Seth, s. of Ezra (2), res. in Taunton, and had Ichabod, Jacob, Edward, Paul, Silas, and Sarah. 4. Paul, s. of Seth (3), m. Mary, dau. of Nathaniel Whitcomb, 4 Dec. 1745, and immediately rem. from Taunton to Hk., Avliere he had Paul, b. 20 Oct. 1746; Rosilla, b. 13 Ap. 1751, m. Cheedle of Barnard, Vt.; An?ui, h. 24 Mar. 1753, m. Edward Buggies, Jr., pub. 12 Jan, 1772, and (2d) John Amidon 14 Dec. 1809, and d. 9' Jan. 1842; Seth, b. 3 Oct. 1755; Robert, b. 20 Oct. 1757; Saredi, h. 4 Feb. 1759; Molli/, h. 26 Feb. 1762; Asa, b. 19 June 1764; Nathaniel and Phebe, twins, posthumous, b. 11 Ap. 1767. Paul the f. was a carpenter and farmer; he res. on Ruggles Hill, at the place marked " J. Dean " on the R. Map; he d. before 8 Ap. 1767, when the inventory of his es- tate was presented ; his w. Mary with remarkable energy kept her numerous brood of chil. together until they could provide for themselves; she m. Deac. Daniel Spooner of Pet. 16 Oct. 1780, and after his death ret. to Hk. where she d. 9 May 1822, a. 94 years and 7 months. 5. Silas, s. of Seth (3), bought a farm here 29 Sep. 1740 (then res. in Rehoboth) ; he m. Joanna, dau. of Robert Whitcomb of Rochester 13 Sep. 1744 ; she d. about 1764, and he m. Elizabeth Ramsdell of Gr. 30 Nov. 1768. His chil. were Thanlcful, b. 18 June 1745; Phebe, b. 14 July 1748; Mary, b. 20 Oct. 1750; Joanna, b. 18 Jan. 1753, m. Timothy Nichols, 13 Jan. 1774; Silas, b. 6 ]May 1755, m. Azubah Washburn of Stafford, pub. 23 Feb. 1783, rem. from Hk. and is said to have d. in 1844; Lot, b. 9 Oct. 1757, rem. to Ware, and d. about 1819; John, b. 30 Mar. 1761; Zimri, b. 1 ]\Iay, 1763. 6. Paul, s. of Paul (4), m. Elizabeth, dau. of Edward Ruggles, 19 Sep. 1773; she d. 21 Dec. 1810, a. 58, and he m. Sila, dau. of David Aiken 8 Dec. 1811. His chil. were Joel, b. 27 Ap. 1774; Lucy, b. 16 May 1776, m. James Bell of Hardwick, Vt., 1801 ; Edward, b. 1 Nov. 1778, a phvsician; Betsey, b, 26 Ap. 1781, d. unm. 15 July 1803 ; Paul, b. 5 Feb. 1783; Eunice, b. 17 Jan. 1785, d. unm. 2 Oct. 1811 ; John, b. 19 Mar. 1787; Joseph, b. 25 Jan. 1790; Justus, b. 16 Feb. 1792, d, 25 Mar. 1804; Seth, b. 10 Mar. 1795 ; David Aiken, b. 18 Oct. 1812. Paul the f. was a farmer, res. on the homestead, and d. 23 Sep. 1828; his w. Sila m. Nathaniel Fish of Pres. 30 Dec. 1835, and d. 7 Mar. 1844. 7. Seth, s. of Paul (4), rem. to Barnard, Vt., 1778, and there m. Molly Bicknell 3 June 1782; she d. 9 Sep. 1802, a. 39, and he m. Ruth Wright, 12 Mar. 1805. His chil. were Paul,h. 28 Mar. 1783, an eminent Universalist clergyman for many years in Boston, afterwards atliliated with the Unitarians, a steadfast friend and advocate through life of Freemasonry, and an ofiicer in many of its highest grades, d. at Framingham 1 Oct. 1860; Amos, b. 5 Aug. 1784, d. 1802; Seth, b. 19 Feb. 1786, m. Patty French 25 Feb. 1813, and d. 22 Ap. 1833 ; Asa, b. 26 Sep. 1787, and d. in Barnard 3 May 186U Seth the f. was a Revolutionary soldier, and closed his long and useful life at Bar- nard 22 Nov. 1851, a. 96; his w. Ruth d. 17 Mar. 1.S58, a. 92. 8. Robert, s. of Paul (4.), rem. to Barnard, Vt., before 23 Dec. 1784, when he m. Eunice, dau. of Daniel Billings of Hk., and had in B. Daniel, b. 19 Feb. 1786, m. Delphia, dau. of Eliakim Fay, had nine chiltlren, rem. to Bakersfield, Vt., where he d. 6 Feb. 18 72; Asa, b. 7 Feb. 1788, d. in Bakers- DEAN — DENNIS. 361 field 18 Jan. 1879; Myrn, b. 23 Dec. 1789. m. Newton, and d. in Barnard 30 Jan. 1861 ; Paul, b. 20 Aug. 1791, d. 30 Dec. 1791 ; Eunice, b. 14 or 15 Dec. 1793, m. Parker, and is still livinq; (1883) in Bakersfield ; Roherl,h. 20 Jan. 1796, d. in Fairfield, Vt., 22 Mar. 1864 ; Polly, b. 4 Oct. 1797, m. Boutelle, and d. in Bakersfield since 1873 ; Paul, b. 26 Ap. 1800, d. in Cabot, Vt., 16 Oct. 1880; Surah, b. 11 Dec. 1801, m. Reed, and d. in Burke, N. y., 12 Oct. 1863 ; Timothy, b. 20 Dec. 1803, d. 28 Dec. 1831 ; Betsey M., b. 31 Dec. 1806, ni. AV'ebster, and d. in Johnson, Vt., since 1873. Robert the f. d. 28 Feb. 1828; his w. Eunice d. in Cabot — Mar. 1843, a. nearly 80. 9. Nathaniel, s. of Paul (4), by w. Rhoda, had in Barnard Amos, b. 16 Jan. 1803 ; Mary, b. 30 Dec. 1804 ; Minerva, b. 17 June 1806. Nathaxiel the f. is said to have been livino; at Albany in 1850, at which date his son Amos is styled a lawyer and historian, and another son, Nathaniel, is men- tioned. 10. Jonx, s. of Paul (6), m. Mary Penniman, pub. 15 Sep. 1822, and had 3Ian/ Elizabeth, b. 9 Oct. 1823, m. Joel D. INIandell 2 Ap. 1846, and d. 17 Ap. 1847 ; Edward, b. 19 Jan. 1826 ; Lucy Ann, b. 5 ^Nlar. 1833, d. 22 ]\[ay 1853 ; Luthera, h. 4 Nov. 1834, d. 8 Sep. 1839. JoHX the f. was a farmer, select- man five years, res. on the homestead, and d. 18 Ap. 1863; his w. Mary d. 23 Ap. 1859,'a. 60. 11. David Aikex, s. of Paul (6), m. Fidelia F., dau. of James Browning, 22 June 1842, and had Charles Browning, b. 15 July 1S46, d. unm. 17 June 1880. David A. the f. was a farmer, ami d. 6 July 1848 ; his w. Fidelia F. m. John B. Aiken 25 Feb. 1858. 12. Edwakd, s. of John (10), m. Luthera A., dau. of Daniel Wheeler, 19 June 1851, and had Mary Elizabeth, b. 6 Oct. 1852, d. unm. 17 Sep. 1877; William Edward, b. 12 Jan. 1854 ; John Adams, b. 31 Oct. 1856; Joseph, b. 27 Mar. 1859, d. 15 Sep. 1877; Adelia Jenney, b. 16 July 1861, d. 27 Mar. 1878; Anna Maria, b. 22 Aug. 1863. Edward the f. was assessor 1853, member of school committee four years, and rem. to Worcester after 1859; his three chil. who d. in Wore, were buried in Hardwick. Kezia, ni. Isaac Fay 22 Nov. 1764. Lucy, widow of Stephen (b. at Rayn- ham), d. 11 Jan. 1851, a. 77. Demmon, Edward, by w. Elizabeth, had Lydia, bap. 20 Aug. 1749; Mary, bap. 3 Nov. 1751. Dexxis, Samuel, was a Baptist minister; he was born in Sutton, but re- moved to Petersham, where he preached several years ; from Pet. he rem. to Barre, and soon afterwards to Hk., where he bought the Sears farm in 1777, and died in 1784.^ He had chil. Adonijcdi, b. 12 July, 1759 ; Patience, b. , m. Thomas Winchester 23 Dec. 1787; Samuel, b. , m. Anna Col)b 3 May 1788; J'olly,h. , m. Roger Wing 24 May 1790; and perhaps others. Samuel the f. was prob. of the Ipswich family, but I am unable to trace the connection, step by step. 2. Adonijaii, s. of Samuel (1), m. Eunice Sibley of N. Salem, pub. 1 May 1780, and had Rayed, b. 1781; Samuel, b. 1784, m. Cynthia Barrett of Carlisle, and d. at Concord 21 Jan. 1864, a. 79; Lucy, b. 1786, m. John Dexter 1 Dec. 1803, and d. 15 Dec. 1817, a. 31; Betsey, b. about 1788, m. John P. Colburn of Fairhaven, Vt., 9 Mar. 1818; Polly, b. 1791, d. 31 Jan. 1793, a. 1 year, 10 months; Adonijah, b. 1793, d. 13 Aug. 1803, a. 10; an infant b. , d. 20 Ap. 1795; Eunice, b. 21 May 1796, d. unm. 9 Dec. 1874 ; Louis, b. 8 Feb. 1799, m. Lucy Henry of Boston, d. in Boston 8 Feb. 1860; Patience, b. 1801, m. Asa Clark 5 June 1823, d. 1 Oct. 1868, a. 67; Adonijah, b. 4 Oct. 1803. Adonijah the f. was b. in Sutton, whence he rem. with his father. He served in the Revolutionary Army, and was en- gaged in the Battle of Stillwater. He was a farmer, and inherited the home- stead near Barre, at the place marked " A. Dennis " on the R. Map, where he d. 30 Sep. 1844, a. 85 ; his w. Eunice d. 15 Sep. 1842, a. 82. 3. Royal, s. of Adonijah (2), m. Sankey Watson, pub. 6 Oct. 1802, and 1 For these facts and dates I am indebted to Samuel S. Dennis, Esq. 362 DENNIS — DEXTER. had a child b. — July 1803, d. 29 Mar. 1805 ; Bowman W., b. 4 July 1805, and d. in Byron, Mich.; WiUiam W., res. in Cambridge; Pollji, m. William Barker of Pontiac, Mich. ; Elizabeth, m. Stephen G. Hidden of Concord, 30 July 1838, and d. in 1869; George R., res. in Fentonville, Mich.; James Y., res. in Rochester, N. Y. ; Selah Gr'uUey, res. in Hallowell, Me. (see Adams' Hist. Fairhaven, Vt., 1870). Royal the f. rem. in 1807 to Fairhaven, Vt., and was captain of militia. In 1823 he rem. to Hartford, N. Y., where he d. in 1830. 4. Adoxi.tah, s. of Adonijah (2), m. Julia Ann, dau. of Ebenezer Collins, 11 Sep. 1827, and had John G.. b. 5 Aug. 1828, a lawyer, d. 31 July 1858; Samuel S., b. 18 Dec. 1829, d. 15 Nov. 1832; Samuel S., b. 12 Mar. 1833; Ebenezer C, h. 26 July 1834; Julia Ann E., b. 6 Aug. 1839, m. S. Williams Newcomb, 23 Ap. 1863; Louis H., h. 5 May 1841; Dahliette M., b. 9 June 1842, m. William H. Tucker 30 Ap. 1867, and d. 12 Aug. 1874; Julius A., b. 1 Dec. 1844; Charles P., b. 18 Nov. 1846, d. 9 Ap. 1851; Frederick C, b. 8 Oct. 1848, m. Julia M. Williams, pub. 29 June 1869. Adoxi.tah the f. was a farmer, selectman in 1855, res. on the homestead, and d. 24 Mar. 1881; his w. Julia Ann d. 18 Feb. 1858, a. 51. 5. Samuel S., s. of Adonijah (4), m. Julia Maria, dau. of Sardius Siblev, 26 Nov. 1863, and had Jen7iie Maria, b. 9 Nov. 186 7; Samuel S., b. 24 June 1877. Samuel S. the f., a farmer, res. on the homestead, representative in 1866, selectman from 1864 to the present time, and for many years member of the school committee, overseer of the poor, and legal agent of the town. 6. Julius A., s. of Adonijah (4), m. Elizabeth H., dau. of Albert E. Knight, 8 Oct. 1868, and had Grade Cornelia, b. 9 Sep. 1871, d. at Spencer 9 Jan. 1872; Grade Cornelia, b. at Spencer 1 Jan. 1873; Dahlielta Maria, b. here 11 Mar. 1875; Nellie Bruce, b. 13 June 1876; Jennie Powers, b. 25 Dec 1877; Annie Louise, twin, b. 20 Sep. 1879; her mate, a boy, d. on the day of his bii-th. Mks. Abigail, prob. mother of Samuel (1), d. 28 Dec. 1798, a. 90. Dexter, Benjamin, of Rochester (son of William of Barnstable), who rem. to Roch. and d. there 1694, and grandson of Thomas who came to N. E. in 1030, res. at Lynn, Sandwich, and Barnstable, and d. yi Boston 1677), was b. in Barn. — Feb. 1670, rem. to Roch. and had Moah, b. 26 Mar. 1697; James, b. 22 July 1698; Benjamin, b. 4 Mar. 1700; Sarah, b. 1 July 1702 ; Josiah, b. 12 Nov. 1704 ; Constant, b. 27 Nov. 1706 ; Samuel, 14 Dec. 1708 ; Ephraim, b. 27 May 1711 ; Daniel, h. 29 July, 1713 ; Joanna, b. 12 Dec. 1715 ; Seth, b. 3 Oct. 1718. 2. Samuel, s. of Benjamin (1), m. Mary Clark 18 May 1732, and had in Roch. Joseph, b. 2 INIay 1733, res, in Hk. 1753, and in Athol 1761 ; Samuel, b. 13 Oct. 1734; prob. Ichahod, b. 1736; and in Hk. Job, b. 8 Mar, 1740-1; Mary, b. 11 July 1743 ; Sarah, b. 8 May 1745, m. Solomon John- son of Gr. 28 Dec. 1762 ; Benjamin, b. 17 Nov. 1747. Samuel the f. rem. from Roch. to Hk. between 1734 and 1741, and prob. again rem. to Athol before 31 Jan. 1754. 3. Samuel, s. of Samuel (2), m. Thankful, dau. of Deac. John Freeman, 25 Nov. 1759 ; she d. 20 May 1811, a. 69, and he m. Sibbelah (or Sybil), wid. of Samuel Thurston, 26 Sep. 1811. His chil. were: Benjamin, b. 17 March 1760 ; Mary, b. 18 Jan, 1763, m. John Gorham 3 June 1784 ; Eleazar, b, 5 July 17G5 ; Mercy, b. 16 July 176 7, d. 14 Mar. 1774 ; Ichahod, b. 23 Ap. 1770, d. 5 Mar. 1774 ; Samuel, b. 9 May, 1773 ; Seth, b. 5 Mar. 1775 ; Jede- diah, bap. 26 Oct. 1777 ; Susanna, baj). 26 Sep. 1779 ; Thomas, bap. 19 May 1782 ; Jonathan, b. about 1786. Samuel the f. res. near Barre, at the place marked "J. Richmond " on the R. Map, was one of the '• minute men " who marched from Hk. to Cambridge in 1775, and in January 1776 was captain of a company stationed at the " Roxbury Camp." He was afterwards involved (politically) in the Shays Rebellion, but was forgiven. He d. 3 May 1824, a. nearly 90 ; his w. Sybil, who had previously to his death departed from him, d. in N. Br. 13 July 1849, a. 100 years, according to the inscription on her head- stone in the new cemetery in Hk. 4. Ichabod, prob. s. of Samuel (2), was a captain, and perhaps was the DEXTER. 863 same who led a company from Athol to Cambridge in April 1775. If lie res. temporarily in Athol, he returned to Hk. before 1781, in which year and also in 1782 and 1785 he was a selectman, and representative in 1782 and 1783. He was an active promoter of the Shays Rebellion in 1786, bnt after- wards made his peace Avith the government. He d. of apoplexy 13 Feb. 1797, a. .59 years, 7 months, and 19 days, as entered on the clnirch record of deaths ; his ^v. Abigail, d. 7 Ap. 179 7, a. 54 years, 8 months, and 16 days. On the settlement of his estate, 17 Ap. 1798, shares were allotted to seven chil., namely, Clark, whom. Alice, dau. of Ezra Winslow, 16 Oct. 1796, and rem. to Barnard, Vt. ; IMiriam, who m. Asa Hedge 31 May 1780 ; Benjamin W. ; Lucij, who m. Moses Cheney of Warwick 4 July, 1782; Rhoda, Avho m. Phineas Battle of Orange 7 Nov. 1793, and d. 9 Aug. 1845, a. 76 ; Lydia; Betty. 5." Job, s. of Samuel (2), m. Mercy Hinkley 17 July 1766 ; she d. 28 July 1810, a. 66, and he m. Mary Walker of Barre, pub. 1 Nov. 1811. His chil. were : John, b. 3 Jan. 1769 ; Anna, b. 22 July 1770, m. Thomas Wheeler, Jr., 3 June, 1790, and d. 20 Mar. 1804; Riitli,h. 20 Mar. 1773, m. David Allen, Jr., 27 Ap. 1794, and d. 26 Mar. 1847 ; Ichabod, b. 19 Dec. 1775 ; Mercy, b. 28 Ap. 1777, d. unm. 24 'July 1801 ; Joseph, b. 1 ]\Iar. 1779; Jonathan, bap. 9 Sep. 1781; Sally, b. 16 Oct. 1783, m. Dr. Elliot Beckwith, pub. 9 Nov. 1806, and d. 18 July 1811 ; Zenm, b. 26 June, 1785 ; Ahna, b. 27 May 1787, d. 7 Oct. 1790. Job the f. was a farmer, and res. about a mile and a half northerly from the Common ; he was a lieutenant in the Revolutionary War, and re- tained the title through life. He served the town very acceptably as a select- man fifteen years, between 1789 and 1805. He d. 10 July 1827. His w. Mary d. — Oct. 1824, a. 69. 6. Ben.tamix, s. of Samuel (3), m. Anna Mayo, of Rut. 10 Oct. 1784, and had Judah, h. 1788, d. 31 Mar. 1790 ; prob. John Freeman, b. ; and perhaps others. Ben,jamin the f. d. 16 Aug. 1792. 7. Eleazar, s. of Samuel (3), m. Abigail Dexter 8 Ap. 1784 ; she d. , and he m. Charity Williams, pub. 18 .June 1786. His chil. were : Abigail, b. 14 Mar. 1787, m. Martin Ruggles 27 Fc-b. 1816, and d. 5 July 1860 ; Bath- shfha Carver, b. 22 Feb. 1789, m. Silas Newton 2d, 21 June 1810, and d. 29 Sep. 1855 ; Alma, h. 1791, d. 26 Jan. 1803 ; Arathiisa, h. 1793, d. 18 Jan. 1803 ; Charity Willia77is, b. 5 Aug. 1795, m. Gardner Newton, pub. 17 Sep. 1827 ; Joseph Dean, b. 31 Aug. 179> ; Seth, b. 1800, d. 2 Aug. 1803 ; Willard, b. 13 Sep. 1802 ; Arathma, b. 7 Jan. 1805, m. John John- son 5 Oct. 1828 ; Thankful Freeman, bap. 1 Sep. 1811 ; Eleeiznr, b. 7 July 1813, a famous musici.an and showman, res. in Reading, Vt. Eleazar the f. d. 1813 ; his w. Charity d. 3 June 1838, a. 70. 8. Samuel, s. of Samuel (3), m. Sally, dau. of Jacob Williams, 15 Dec. 1796, and had Benjamin, b. 6 July 1798, d. 8 May 1816; Williams, h. 7 Ap. 1800; Ahna, h. 11 Nov. 1804, m. Joseph Newcomb, pub. 11 Feb. 1828. Samuel the f. res. on the homestead, was a captain of militia, selectman four years, and d. 24 Mar. 1861, a. nearly 88 ; his w. Sally (b. at Middleborough) d. 10 Jan. 1867, a. 92. 9. Jedediah, s. of Samuel (3), m. Abigail Eager 29 Dec. 1798, and had Jeine, b. 1800, d. 20 Feb. 1802 ; Horace, b. 26 Nov. 1802, d. 22 Oct. 1826 ; Man/, b. 11 June 1805, m. Milton Peck, pub. 13 Oct. 1823 ; Thirza bap. 18 Sep. 1808, d. 19 Feb. 1809; Elliot Beckwith, h. 1810, d. 27 Aug. 1813 ; Scdly Beckwith, b. 6 May 1812, d. unm. 18 July 1830 ; Criyhton, bap. 7 May 1816, d. same day; Samuel, bap. 24 Nov. 1817 ; Luthera Gorham, bap. 27 Jan. 1820, m. Ebenezer P. Staples of Taunton 26 Ap. 1841. Jede- diah the f. d. 1 Jan. 1827 ; his w. Abigail d. 23 Aug. 1828. 10. Jonathan, s. of Samuel (3), m. Roxana Dean of Raynham, pub. 29 June 1812, and had Cassandra, b. 1 Sep. 1813, m. Samuel F. Taylor 9 Ap. 1835 ; Jonathan, b. 23 Oct. 1815 ; Benjeimin, b. 28 Dec. 1187 ; Samuel B., b. 10 May 1825, d. 15 Feb. 1827; an infant b. , d. —Oct. 1827. Jonathan the f. d. at Hubbardston 14 March 1856, a. 70; his w. Roxana d. 5 Sep. 1872. 11. John, s. of Job (5), m. Lucy Dennis 1 Dec. 1803; she d. 15 Dec. 364 DEXTER — DINSMORE. 1817, a. 31, and he in. Persis Gilbert ^ July 1821, His cbil. were : A7ma Wheeler, b. 17 Oct. 1804, m. Amos K. Smith of Wendell 12 June 1826; Foster Dennis, b. 19 July 1806, d. at N. Sal. 3 IMar. 1865 ; Fatmy Beckwith, b. 13 Feb. 1809, m. Rufus Day of N. Sal. 22 Nov. 1830; Joh, b. 28 Nov. 1811, d. at Barre 1 Ap. 1849; JSIercy Hink/ej/, b. 20 Mav 1815, m. David L. Winslow of Barre 22 Mar. 1837, and d. 8 May 1847 ; Hoiry Walker, b. 22 Oct. 1821; Horace, b. 26 Sep. 1825. John the f. was a farmer, res. on a part of the homestead marked " J. Dexter " on the R. Map, and d. 7 May 1836. 12. IcnABOD, s. of Job (5), m. Sally Eager 5 May 1803 ; shed. 25 July 1821, a. 40, and he ni. Alice Amidon 26 Mar. 1822. He had a child, d. 17 Ap. 1804, a. three weeks ; Zenas Hinkley, b. 9 May 1806 ; Harriet Jane, b. 15 Ap. 1810, d. unm. 26 Aug. 1835; Edward, b. 3 Nov. 1811 ; Philena, b. 23 May 1815, d. unm. 5 Sep. 1839; Hannah, b. 26 March 1823, m. Lysander Powers', pub. 21 May 1842; Sally, b. 6 May 1825, m. James P. Fay 8 Ap. 1845 ; Ruth, b. 30 May 1827, m. Zenas D. Tinney of Newburg, Me., 6 Nov. 1856; John Bangs, b. 30 July 1829; his mother died while he was an infant, and he was adopted by his uncle, Elijah Bangs ; in early life he was a clerk in several stores, and rem. to Springfield, Missouri, of which city he was at one time mayor ; he served in the Civil War as quartermaster, after which he was postal agent, with headquarters, first at Portland, Oregon, and subsequently at Springfield, Missouri. Ichabod the f. was a farmer and res. on a part of the homestead, marked " Dea. Dexter" on the R. Map; he was deacon of the church, and d. 11 May 1851 ; his wife Alice d. 26 June 1830, a. 39. 13. Joseph, s. of Job (3), m. Sophia Hunt 13 July 1800, rem. to Westford, Vt., had two chil., who d. in Hk. (names not recorded) ; one 6 Feb. 1803, a. 2 years and 4 months, the other two days afterwards, a. 4 months. 14. Joiix Freeman, prob. s. of Benjamin (6), m. Comfort Haskell 14 Jan. 1812, had Marji Melisse, ba{). 6 June 1813, and rem. to St. Albans, Vt. 15. Josepit'Dean, s. of Eleazar (7), m. Olive Gould 15 Nov. 1818, and had Joseph Dean, bap. 18 June 1820, m. Almeda Anderson 8 Mar. 1846 ; Alma, bap. 14 Aug. 1821, d. 4 Feb. 1823 ; William Alfred, bap. 25 Sep. 1823 ; Nancy M., b. 1825, m. Henry B. Gould 6 May 184 7, and (2d) Joseph C. Paige 2 Nov. 1865. Joseph D. the f. res. on the Pet. road, at the place marked " D. Dexter " on the R. Map. In early life, a serious accident befell him, while blasting rocks, resulting in the loss of one arm and of the sight of both eyes. In utter darkness himself, he became a successful showman to oth- ers, and secured a comfortable maintenance for his family. 16. Williams, s. of Samuel (8), m. Maria, dan. of Israel Knowlton 3 June 1828, and had Samuel W., b. , d. 18 Aug. 1830, a. 18 months; Lucy M., b. , m. James B. Wiggin, and res. in Cambridge. Williams the f. d. 12 May 1836; his w. Maria res. in Cambridge. l'7. Zenas H., s. of Ichabod (12), m. Sarah F. Penniman 19 May 1831; she d. 9 Mar. 1837, and he m. Lucinda Wood, 28 Aug, 1837. His chil. were Zenas H, b. 14 Ap. 1832; George Turell, b. 20 June 1833; Harriet J., h. 1836, m. Pliny Fisk Chandler 5 Mar. 1853, and d. at Warren 5 Ap. 1866, a. 30. Zenas H. the f. d. 11 Oct. 1851. 18. Edwakd, s. of Ichabod (12), m. Louisa Powers 6 June 1842, and had Charles E., b. 1843, d. at Springfield 29 July 1872, a. 29; Frederick, b. 1845, d. 29 July 1854, a. 9; Albert //., b. ; Clara L., b. ; Wil- lie H., b. . Edward the f. d. 24 Dec. 1862. Abigail, m. Isaiah Demmon of N. Sal., pub. 24 Dec. 1781. Anna, m. Jacob Gilbert of N. Br. 7 Oct. 1794. Mercv, m. Paul Ruggles, pub. 28 Nov. 1796. Hannah, of Royalston, m. Oren Utley, pub. 22 Sep. 1811. Amelia, m. Mar- cus J. Marsh 29 June 1823. Mrs. Thankful, m. Levi Stevens 18 Oct. 1830. Mrs. Lucinda, m. Z. F. Shumway 1 Oct. 1856. Dickinson, Nathaniel, m. Elizabeth Fisk 1 Nov. 1764, and had Lydia, b. 20 Jan. 1765. DiNSMORE, John (otherwise written Densmore and Dunsmoor), m. Eliza- beth Amos 15 Ap. 1765, and had Amos, b. 4 Mar. 1766 ; John, b. 9 Feb. 1769; Eliphalet, b. 9 Ap. 1771; Triphosa, b. 29 July 1774; Susan, b. 20 Jan. 1777. DINSMORE — DOTY. 365 Jane, of Ware, m. Theodorus Doty 30 May 1759. Katherijte, m. Enoch Badcock of Voluiitown, Conn., 15 Dec. 1763. Rachel, of Ware, d. here 27 Mar. 1814, a. 17. Doaxe, David, by w. Lydia, had David, h. 19 Aug. 1752; BetJu'aJi, b. 28 June 175-1 ; •NatJuai, h. 15 Aug. 175G; il/o%, b. 2 June 1759. David the f. prob. came here from Eastham, and perhaps rem. to Bennington about 1761. He was a member of the Separate Church. Doolittle, Bkxjamix, s. of John of Wallingford (who was b. 14 June 1655, and m. Mary, dau. of John Peck of New Haven, 13 Feb. 1682), and grandson of Abraham (who was b. 1619, of New Haven 1640, of Wal- lingford 1670, and d. 11 Aug. 1690), was b. at Wallingford, Conn., 10 July 1695, grad. Y. C. 1716, first pastor of the church in Northfield 1718, m. Lydia, dau. of Samuel Todd of New Haven, 14 Oct. 1717, and d. 9 Jan. 1748-9. See Hist. Northfield, p. 433. 2. Lucius, s. of Benjamin (1), b. 16 May 1718, m. Sarah, dau. of Dea. Sam- uel Sndth, and had Oliver, b. 3 Dec. 1746 ; Charles, b. 4 Sep. 1748; Benjamin, b. 6 Nov. 1751, d. 16 Ap. 1762; Lydia, h. 25 Dec. 1753; Sarah, b. 25 Dec. 1756, d. 20 Ap. 1773; Lucius, b. 11 Nov. 1761 ; Benjamin, b. 12 Jan. 1764 ; Jesse, b. 2 Feb. 1766; Calvin, h. — July 1768; Adrastus, b. 10 Aug. 1771; Sarah, b. 6 July 1773. Lucius the f". was an innholder in Northfield. 3. Charles, s. of Lucius (2), m. Tabitha, dau. of Daniel Morton of Whate- ley, 3 Oct. 1771, but had no children. He was a physician in Hk. as early as 1771, and res. at the northerly end of the Common, in a house still standing, marked " S. Hinkley " on the R. Map. To the sad disappointment of his townsmen, who respected him as a man, and had full confidence in his skill as a i)hysician, he d. 12 June 1785, and a large head-stone, of a peculiar pattern, marks ilie place of his burial in the old cemetery; his w. Tabitha m. Samuel Hinkley, pub. 27 May 1787, and d. 26 Dec. 1816, a. 69. 4. Lucius, s. of Lucius (2), m. Esther, dau. of Daniel Morton of Whateley, 12 May 1783, and had Esther, b. 1785, m. Jacob D. Rand 21 Oct. 1813, and d. 1 or 2 Sep. 1815, a. 30. Lucius the f. was also a physician, but very un- like his brother. After an unsuccessful practice in Hk., he rem. to Lyndon, Vt., where he was res. in 1801 ; before 1819, however, he returned to Hk. ut- terly bankrupt in fortune and fame. His long-continued habit of intemperance had ruined him ; and he, who in early life was too proud to permit his daughter to marry a mechanic,^ was maintained by the town, for the last dozen years of his life, as a pauper. He d. 1 Dee. 1831. Doty, Edward (s. of Ellis by w. Eleanor, grandson of Joseph, Jr., and a descendant from that Edward Doty who came in the Mayflower, 1620, and was a ]mrty to the (irst duel fought by Englishmen in N. E.), was b. in Rochester 7 May 1705, m. ]Mary Andrews 17 Nov. 1726, and had in Roch. Thomas, b. 25 Oct. 1727; Edivard, b. 25 Aug. 1729; Zurishaddai, b. 19 Nov. 1731; John, b. 7 Aug. 1734; Theodorus, b. 25 Dec. 1736 ; Betty, b. 14 Aug. 1739 ; Abigail, b. 30 June 1741, m. Samuel Robinson, Jr., pub. 10 Ap. 1762; Eleanor, b. 22 Mar. 1743-4. 2. Zurishaddai, s. of Edward (1), m. Mary, dau. of Jonathan Warner, 4 Dec. 1755, and had John, b. 12 Sep. 1756; Moses, b. 2 July 1758, m. Betsey Webster 20 Sep. 1781 ; Ezra, b. 28 Sep. 1760; Ellis, b. 20 Oct. 1762; Asa, b. 9 Sep. 1765 ; Jonathan, b. 27 July 1767; Molly, b. 10 July 1769; Bets^t\is At Hardwick it certainly had the two forms, Eames of Marshfield; Mnvy, m. Deacon F'urrowbush and Forbush, applied to the John Foster; Sarah, m. Sanuiel Sprague, same person, and probably Forbes as the the last secretary of riymoutb ('olony, name of another. Thomas the f. d. prob. about Marcli 1052- 2 J[r. Ciiillingsworth was probably the 3, when administration on his estate was only male bearing tiiis name in New Eng- granted to his w. Joanna, who m. Thomas land in the seventeenth century. After a Doggett of Marshtield 17 May, 1654and was short residence in Lynn and Sandwich, he buried 4 Sep. 1684. settled in Marshtield, and was representative 378 FOSTER. Josinh, b. 7 June 1669, a farmer in Pembroke, d. about 1757; Mary,h. 13 Sep. 1671, m. John Hatch of Marshfield 30 Dec. 1696, and d. 3 Ap. 1750; Joseph, b. about 1674, res. in Barnstable and Sandwich, d. — Ap. 1750; Sarah, h. about 1677, d. unra. 7 Ap. 1702; Chillingsworth, b. 11 June 1680; James, h. 22 May 1683, d. 21 July 1683; Thomas, b. about 1685, a farmer, town clerk, and deacon in Marshfield, d. 6 Feb. 1758, a. 72 ; Deborah, b. about 1691, d. unm. 4 Nov. 1732, a. 41. John the f. was a blacksmith, selectman, and deacon in Marshfield, where he d. 13 June 1 732, a. nearly 90; his w. Sarah d. 26 May 1 731. 3. Chillingsworth, s. of John (2), m. Mercy, dau. of John Freeman ^ of Harwich (now Brewster); she d. 7 July 1720, a. 33, and he m. Susanna, wid. of Nathaniel Sears, dau. of John Gray; she d. 7 Dec. 1730, and he m. Ruth, wid. of Samuel Sears, dau. of William Merrick, 7 Dec. 1731. His chil. were : James, b. 6 Jan. 1705-6; Chillingsworth, b. 25 Dec. 1707, a blacksmith, se- lectman, representative ten years, justice of the peace, and special justice of the Court of Common Pleas; he d. in Harwich about 1779 ; Mary, b. 5 Jan. 1709-10, m. David Paddock of Yarmouth 12 Oct. 1727; Thomas, b. 15 Mar. 1711-12, m. ]\Iary Hopkins, 11 July 1734; Nathan, h. 10 June 1715, m. Sarah Lincoln 14 June 1739; Isaac, b. 17 June 1718, a blacksmith, res. on the home- stead, m. Hannah Sears, dau. of his stepmother, 2 Nov. 1738, and d. 10 Sep. 1777; Mercy, b. 30 Mar. 1720, d. 28 Aug. 1720; Mercy, h. 29 July 1722, m. Isaac Crosby 7 Oct. 1742; Nathaniel, b. 17 Ap. 1725; Jerusha, b. 9 Dec. 1727. Chillingsworth the f. settled early in that part of Harwich which is now Brewster. Like his father and grandfather, he was a blacksmith, ami trans- mitted the mysteries of that craft to at least three sons. Like his father also, he was deacon of the church from 4 July 1731 until he died. He was select- man nine years, treasurer twenty-five years, town clerk twenty-eight years, and representative eight years. He d. 22 Dec. 1764; his w. Ruth d. 13 Feb. 1766, a. 82. 4. James, s. of Chillingsworth (3), m. Lydia, dau. of Major Edward AVins- low of Rochester, 10 July 1729; she d. 7 Jan. 1770, a. 60, and he m. Phebe Actil of Berkley, pub. 11 May 1771. His chil. were Mercy, b. 4 July 1730, m. Seth Rider of Roch., pub. 2 May 1747; Mary, b. 11 Ap. 1732, m. Col. Timothy Paige of Hardwick, 24 Oct. 1754, and d. 21 July 1825, a. 93; Chil- lingsworth, b. 8 Dec. 1733, m. Margaret Pope of Dartmouth, pub. 29 June 1754, and (2d) Mrs. Sarah Freeman of Roch., pub. 3 Aug. 1794, and d. 3 Mar. 1807; James, b. 17 Ap. 1735, d. 29 May 1735; lAjdia, b. 13 Ap. 1736, m. Nathaniel Haskell of Hk., pub. 3 Ap. 1757; James, b. 12 Ap. 1737, a black- smith and deacon in Roch., m. Mary Lewis, pub. 30 Nov. 1 755, and d. — Nov. 1829, a. 92; Edward, b. 3 July 1738; Nathan, b. 4 Ap. 1740, d. 28 Oct. 1742; John, b. 5 Aug. 1742, d. 9 Sep. 1742; Nathan, b. 26 Jan. 1743-4, m. Hannah Haskell of Hk., 14 Mar. 1765, res. in N. Sal. and afterwards in Wilmington, Vt.; John, b. 30 July 1745. James the f., like many of his ancestors, was a blacksmith and deacon ; he was also selectman, town clerk, and treasurer. He res. in Roch. until 1774, when he rem. to Athol with his son John, and d. about 1788. 5. Edward, s. of James (4), m. Deboi-ah Bangs of Hk., 13 Jan. 1762, and had Seth, h. 19 Feb. 1764 ; Deborah, b. 16 Oct. 1766 ; Edward, b. 6 Ap. 1769; James, b. 18 Jan. 1771. Edward the f. rem. from Hk. to that part of Pel- ham which is now Prescott. 6. John, s. of James (4), m. Rebecca, dau. of Deacon William Paige of Hk. 6 Oct. 1768, and had William, b. 17 Oct. 1769; Lydia, h. 10 Feb. 1772; John, b. 3 Sep. 1776 ; Jatnes, b. 22 Sep. 1778, a Universalist clergyman in Onondaga County, N. Y., and d. at Bridgeport in the winter of 1854-5, a. 76; Ebenezer, b. 19 Oct. 1780; Shadrach, b.'^20 Mar. 1783 ; Aikens, b. 7 Feb. 1788; Rebecca, b. 24 Feb. 1791. John the f. rem. from Roch. to Athol in 1774, and after 1791 to Barnard, Vt. 1 John Freeman (b. Dec. 1G51, d. 27 July, Thomas Prence (rl. 29 Mar. 1673, a. 73), by 1721), father of Mrs. Mercy Foster, was son his w. Patience (d. 1634), who was dau. of of Major John Freeman of Eastham (d. 28 Elder William Brewster, of blessed mem- Oct. 1719, a. 97), by his w. Mercy (d. 28 Sep. ory. 1711, a. 80), who was daughter of Governor FOSTER — FREEMAN. 379 [For a more full account of the descendants of Thomas Foster (1), see N. E. Hist, and Gen. Register, xxvi. 394.] 7. John, parentage not ascertained, by w. Eunice, had Jonathan, b. IS Aug. 1740. He apparently rem. to Hk. from Grafton, and was selectman and town clerk in 1740 and 1741; he seems to have returned to Grafton, and the va- cancies in oflice were filled 23 Nov. 1741; but he bought land again in Ilk. 9 Sep. 1742, and is described as of Hk. in the inventory of his estate 27 Feb. 1745-6, which estate was divided, 4 Aug. 1751, between his chil. Joseph, John, Jacob, Jonathan, Abigail, and /ji/ennett, b. 7 Mar. 1670-1, m. Deac. John Paine 14 Mar. 1689. John the f. early rem. to Eastham; he was a captain in 1675, actively engaged in King Philip's War, and major in 1685; he was also deacon of the church, selectman ten years, deputy at the General Court seven years, and assistant twenty-four years; sheriff of the county, under the Andros administration, and the first named judge of the Court of Common Pleas after the union of Plymouth ^nd Massa- chusetts. His grave-stone in Eastham bears this inscription: " Here lies the body of Major John Freeman, died October y" 28"" 1719, in y° 98th year of his age."^ His w. Mercy d. 28 Sep. 1711, a. 80. 4. Edmund, s. of Edmund (2), by w. Sarah, had nine chil., res. at Sand- wich, and d. 18 May 1720, a. 65. 5. John. s. of John (3), m. Sarah, dau. of William Merrick, 18 Dec. 1672; she d. 21 Ap. 1696, and he m. Mercy, wid. of Capt. Elkanah Watson of Plym- outh. His chil., prob. all by his first w., were : John, b. 3 Sep. 16 74, d. young; Sarah, b. — Sep. 1676, m. Edward Snow; John, b. — July 1678; Rebecca, b. 28 Jan. 1680-1, prob. d. young; Nathaniel, b. 17 Mar. 1682-3; Benjamin, b. — 1 Some writers have supposed that " 98th " he was born in 1622, and that the figures in should be 93d. As Major Freeman was a the inscription are rijjht. At that day, it deputy in 1654, when he was only 27 years was verj' unusual to elect a man as deputy old, if born in 1627, I am of opinion that before he was thirty years old. 380 FREEMAN. July 1685; Mercy, b. 3 Aug. 1687, m. Deac. Chillingsworth Foster; Patience, b. , m. Eleazar Crosby 24 Oct. 1706; Susaiuidh, b. , m. Jolin Mayo, Jr., 22 Oct. 1712; Elizabeth, b. , m. Jobn Bacon, Jr., 2 May 1726; Mart/, b. , m. Judah Berry 1713. John the f. res. near the Hne between East- ham (now Orleans) and Harwich (now Brewster), and his death, 27 July 1721, was recorded in both towns; his head-stone remains in Brewster; his w. Mary d. 27 Sep. 1721, a. 62. 6. WiLMAM, s. of Edmund (4), m. Mary Bodfish 6 Dec. 1726, and had Hannah, b. 13 Sep. 1728, m. Silas Tujiper 2 June 1757; Thomas, b. 4 Mar. 1729-30; Rebecca, b. 2 Mar. 1731-2, m. Jonathan Nye. Jr., 18 Mar. 1756, and rem. to Hk.; William, b. 3 June 1734; Joanna., b. 21 Mar. 1736-7, m. Deac. Nathaniel Paiffe of Hk. 13 Sep. 1759; Sarah, b. 26 July 1739, m. Levi Nye 9 June 1767 ■,''Elisha, b. 21 Nov. 1741; Joshua, b. 6 Ap. 1744; Man/, b. 20 July 1746, d. unm. "at a great age." William the f. res. in Sandwich, and d. 13 Mar. 17.S6. 7. Isaac, s. of Edmund (4), m. Deborah Foster of Barnstable 22 Nov. 1733. and had Ebenezer, b. 19 Aug. 1734; Nathan, b. 19 Nov. 1735; Deborah, b. 2 Feb. 1738-9; Isaac, b. 11 Feb. 1741-2. Isaac the f. res. at Sandwich, and d. 16 Sep. 1766. 8. John, s. of John (5), ra. Mercy, dau. of Capt. Elkanah "Watson of Plym- outh about 1701, and had in Harwich Elkanah, h. 28 Oct. 1702, d. 21 Jan. 1713-14; Sarah, b. 26 Jan. 1704, m. Constant Merrick, pub. 17 Feb. 1726-7, and rem. to Hk.; Mercy, b. 24 Ap. 1707; John, b. 13 Aug. 1709, rem. to Hk.;- Phehe, b. 28 Nov. 1711; Thankful, h. 6 Oct. 1714, m. Barnabas Sears 25 Sep. 1732, rem. to Hk. , Elkanah, b. 6 Feb. 1716-7; Mari/, b. 13 Oct. 1719, m. Roland Sears, pub. 11 Nov. 1738, rem. to Hk.; Eli, h. 27 Ap. 1722; Elisha, b. 21 May 1724; Hannah, bap. 17 Jan. 1728. John the f. rem. from Harwich (Brewster) to Rochester about 1723, and was styled "deacon" about 1729. 9. Thomas, s. of William (6), m. Phebe Hall 9 Oct. 1752, and had Lijdia, b. about 1754, m. John Newton of Hk. 15 Jan. 1778; William, b. 12 or 22 July 1757; Marij, hup. 16 Sep. 1759; Thomas, b. 1 Ap. 1762; Joshua, h. 10 Ap. 1764; Elisha, b. 3 Oct. 1766; Stephen, b. 16 Dec. 1768. Thomas the f. res. in Sandwich until 1757, when he bought a farm in Hk., and prob. removed immediately, as all his children born after that year were bap. in Hk., when infants, though their births are recorded in Sandwich as well as in Hardwick. In March, 1 7 75, he rem. to Barnard, Vt.,^ of which town he was one of the first settlers, and both himself and his sons were among the most energetic and dis- tinguished inhabitants. He d. 29 May 1811, a. 81 (the date on his head-stone is 1812); his w. Phebe d. 1 Feb. 1806, a. 76. 10. Nathan, s. of Isaac (7), by w. Mary, had in Hk. Jane, bap. 19 July 1761 ; Deliverance, bap. 19 July 1761, m. Jonathan Childs 13 Jan. 1778; Nathan, b. 30 May 1762; Joseph, b. 1 May 1764, d. 1767; Sarah Pope, bap. 14 Sep. 1766; Joseph, bap. 13 May 1770, prob. m. Hannah Howard 26 Sep. 1796. Nathan the f. d. 8 Nov. 1769, a. 34, and his w. Mary prob. m. Nathaniel Whitcomb, Jr., of Gr. 17 Oct. 17 79. 11. John. s. of John (8), m. Joanna Rickett of Plympton, pub. 29 Jan. 1730-1, and had Mercy, b. 15 July 1732, m. Silas Newton of Hk. 9 Nov. 1749 (bed. 7 Dec. 1763, and she m. Leonard Robinson of Bennington 13 Mar. 1766, by whom she became the mother of Samuel L. Robinson, who d. in Hk. IS Jan. 1863, a. nearly 96); Watson, h. 25 Oct. 1734; John, b. 17 Sep. 1736; Sarah, b. 15 Oct. 1737, m. Stephen Gorham 16 Mar. or Ap. 1757; Thankful, b. 13 Nov. 1741, m. Samuel Dexter 25 Nov. 1759; Susanna, bap. 9 Sep. 1744; Mary, bap. 8 Jan. 1746 ; Eli, b. 3 July 1749. John the f. accompanied his father to Rochester about 1723, and thence rem. to Hk. before 16 Oct. 1748, when he was dism. from the ch. in Roch. to the ch. in Hk., being then described as "deacon." He was a farmer, res. on a farm adjoining the Barre line, on the 1 In a description of Barnard, the ex- in this town by Thomas Freeman and others, traordinarv tale is toki that, " At the time of a distance of more than one hundred miles." the battle of Bunker's Hill — on the 17th of Thompson's Verinont, part iii. p. 7. June, 1775 — the firing was distinctly heard FREEMAN — FROST. 381 easterly side of Moose Brook, and tauglit the school in that part of the town eight years between 1748 and 1757. He d. 24 Jan. 1804, a. 94; his w. Joanna d. 29 Mar. 1797, a. 87. 12. Nathan, s. of Nathan (10), m. Polly, dau. of Col. Stephen Rice, 1 Ap. 1790, and had Hollis, b. ; Nathan, b. 1798, d. 14 Nov. 1800, a. 2; and perhaps others. 1 3. Wa rsox, s. of John (11), m. Dorcas Fisk 26 Feb. 1 761, and had Alpheus, b. 23 Nov. 1767; John, b. 10 Aug. 1 769; Elijah, b. 7 Oct, 1770; Watson, b. 2 May 1772; Mernj, b. 14 Mar. 1774; Abigail, b. 8 Mar. 1777; Edmund, bap. 11 July 1779; Eunice, bap. 24 Feb. 1782; and perhaps others before 1767. Watson the f. and his w. were dism. from the ch. in Hk. to the ch. in Wil- mington, Vt., 24 July 1785. 14. John, s. of John (11), by w. Mary, had Chloe, bap. 15 Veh. 1767, prob. the same who ni. Andrew Haskell of Wilmington, Vt., 12 Oct. 1780. Nothing further ascertained. 15. Eli, s. of John (11), m. Mary Rice of Barre 26 Mar, 1767; she d. 9 July 1812, a. 60, and he m. Lucy, dau. of Amaziah Spooner, 22 July 1813. His chil. were llacJiel, b. 10 Sep. 1769, m. Abel Stowell of Pet. 5 July 1792; Sam- uel, bap. 2 Oct. 1774, d. young; Hannah, bap. 5 May 1776, d. young; Hannah, b. 14 Nov. 1778, m. Reuben Newton of Pet. 18 Feb. 1800; Marij, bap. 24 Feb. 1782, d. unni. 27 Jan. 1800; Samuel, b. 7 Ap. 1786 ; Luther, b. 19 Mar. 1790, m. Hannah King of Barre, pub. 24 Nov. 1810, Eli the f, d. 10 May 1816; hia w. Lucy d. 4 Jan. 1849, a. 93. 16. HoLLis, s. of Nathan (12), m. Margaret Gray 20 Feb. 1822, and had Jo!rk., where he d. 9 Aug. 1870, a. 83; and perhaps Fanny, b. , who m. Willard Clark 25 JNIar. 1810. 3. Abnkk, s. of John (2), m. Polly Stratton of Gr., pub. 3 May 1801 ; she d. 4 Sep. isil, a. 29, and he m. Mary (or Mercy) Wicker, pub. 20 Dec. 1813, who d. at Ware 29 Jan. 18G5, a. 80. llis chil. were : Alma, b. 1802, d. 26 Nov. 1809, a. 7; John W., b. 1804; a child b. 1810, d. 12 Nov. 1815, a. 5 ; James F., b. about 1823. Abner the f. d. 4 Nov. 1836. 4. Joiix AV"., s. of Abner (3), m. Achsah Berry 25 Uec. 1834, and had William IL, b. about 1852. John W. the f. d. in Barre 20 May 1874, a. 69 years and 9 months. 5. James F., of Ware, s. of Abner (3), m. Elvira A. Newton 12 Dec. 1848, and had Eliza Augusta, b. 3 Aug. 1856, m. William A. Newton of Dana 8 Dec. 1875. 6. William II., son of John W. (4), m. Eliza J. Stevens 29 June 1875, and Lad Grace Elizabeth, b. 7 ]Mar. 1877. Mary S., m. Erastns P. Giffen of N. Brk., 12 Ap. 1842. Lauriston, of Barre, m. Mary L. Conkey 9 Ap. 1867. Gilbert, John, by w. , had Jemima, bap. 23 May 1756. 2. David, Jr., of N. Br., ni. Esther Jenney 23 Mar. 1758, and had in Hk. Esther, b. 1 Ap. 1763; Cornelius, b. 10 Mar. 1765; Susanna, b. 16 Feb. 176 7. 3. Timothy, b. 25 Jan. 1747, m. Martha Rogers, pub. 13 Oct. 1771, and had Timolhij, b. 13 Mar. 17 72; Charles, b. 5 Ap. 1773, m. Lydia Warner 25 Feb. 1796; Joseph, b. 1 May 1774; Paltj/, b. 20 Feb. 1776, m. Gamaliel Collins 21 June 1798; Rhoda, b. 12 Ap. 1778, m. Seth Pebbles of Gr. 25 Sep. 1803; Polly, b. 13 Feb. 1780, m. Ebenezer Collins, pub. 28 Sep. 1800; Mehetabel, b. 7 Aug. 1781; Lemuel, b. 1 Aug. 1783, m. Sarah Gardner 3 Nov. 1816; Abner, b. 20'T\Iar. 1785; William, b. 14 Jan. 1787; Jason, b. 19 Jan. 1789; John, b. 11 Ap. 1792, m. Fanny Cummings 26 May 1816, selectman two years, rem. to Prescott, and d. 4 Feb. 1862. Martha, the mother of this large family, d. 30 Jan. 1824, a. 77. 4. Lemuel, prob. brother of Timothy (3), d. 9 Mar. 1817, a. 68; his w. Be- thiah d. 28 May 1816, a. 70, and lie m. Sarah Gardner. 3 Nov. 1816. 5. Joseph, s. of Timothy (3), m. Sally Wheeler of Gr., pub. 21 June 1801, and had Loring, b. 1802, m. Kacbel Warner, 5 May 1831, and d. at Ware 15 Aug. 1868, a. Gd; Hiram, b. 1808, d. at Southampton 26 Oct. 1874, a. 66. 6. Alanson, m. Ammadulce, dau. of Sylvanus Cobb, pub. 18 Sep. 1825, and had Alanson A., b. 6 Mar. 1827. Alanson the f. d. 3 Ap. 1827, a. 31; his •w. Ammadulce d. at Charlestown 18 May 1881, a. 93. Joseph, died in the army 4 Nov. 1755. Jonathan, of N. Br., m. Sarah Amidon 5 Jan. 1779. Jacob, of N. Br., m. Anna Dexter 7 Oct. 1794. Per- sis, m. John Dexter 29 July 1821. Sophronia, m. Newcomb Cleveland 17 Feb. 1824. Tilly, m. Sarah Holmes of N. Br., pub. 7 Nov. 1825. Mary E., dau. of Theron H., b. about 1840, m. Charles H. Barnes of Westminster, pub. 18 Nov. 1861. GiTCHELL, David (otherwise written Getchell), by w. , had David, bap. here 26 May 1735, by Rev. Timothy Ruggles of Rochester, ^ before Mr. White was settled. 2. Robert, by w. -, had Esther, h. 19 July 1737. Glazier, Isaiah, m. Hannah, dau. of William Thomas, 8 Nov. 1738, and bad 'Thankful (twin), b. 8 Aug. 1739, d. young; Submit (twin), b. 8 Aug. 1 On the fly-leaf of his Church Record, Isaiah son of Nathan Carpenter, and Davul, Rev. Mr. Ruj^gles entered the following son of David Getchell; all of Lambstown, memorandum: "26 May 1735. I baptized now Ilardwick.'^ The last two words were Hannah, daughter of Stephen Griffith, also added at a later time. 384 GLAZIER — GOODSPEED. 1739, m. Elisha Gilbert of Oakham 26 Nov. 1768; David, h. 1 Mar. 1741-2; Olive, b. 16 Mar. 1744; Joseph and Benjnmin (twins), b. 31 Jan. 1745-6; Thankful, b. 10 Mar. -1747-8, m. Stephen Rice 23 Oct. 1770; Jonathan, b. 13 May 1751, ni. Aziibah Nye 23 June 1774; William, b. 1 Sep. 1753; Benjamin, b. 20 June 1757. Isaiah the f. was living in 1761 ; his w. Hannah d. 20 June 1759. 2. David, s. of Isaiah (1), m. Sarah, dau. of Ezekiel Pratt, 6 Feb. 1766, and had Hannah, b. 20 Sep. 1766; Ezekiel, b. 12 Ap. 1769. Rev. Joseph, m. Hannah W. Wilson of Southbridge, pub. 11 Ap. 1834. Gleason, Nathaniel, m. Sarah Johnson 14 Jan. 1771, and had Nathan- iel, b. ; Salh/, h. , m. John Gallond of Pet. 11 June 1804; John, b. 25 Feb. 1783; Joe/, b. 15 July 1785; Alexander, b. 31 Oct. 1787. Nathan- iel the f. d. 19 June 1806, a. 62; his w. Sarah d. 28 May 1807, a. 59. 2. Nathaniel, s. of Nathaniel (1), ni. Lucinda Gleason of Pet., pub. 5 May 1800, and had Horace, h. 30 Aug. 1801, grad. W. C. 1828, lawyer and justice of the peace many years in Boston, d. at Maiden 18 May 1877. Na- thaniel the f. rem. to Pet., where he perhaps had other children. 3. John, s. of Nathaniel (1), m. Luthera, dau. of David Allen, 18 Nov. 1813, and had Charlotte Eliza, b. 3 Sep. 1814, m. Rev. John H. Willis 24 Nov. 1833; Charles Allen, h. 6 Jan. 1817; Mary Ann, b. 13 Dec. 1819 or 1820; Henry, h. 25 Feb. 1823; Louisa L., b. 9 Feb. 1831; Sarah F., h. 1 Mar. 1833, m. Nelson Anisden, res. in Hk. ; Helen R., b. 3 Feb. 1835. John the f. rem. to Dana about 1825, and d. 17 Mar. 1845; his w. Luthera d. 3 Oct. 1875, a. 80. 4. Joel, s. of Nathaniel (1), m. Sarah Whipple, pub. 24 June 1811, and had Alexander W., b. about 1814, and perhaps others. Joel the f. d. 26 Sep. 1823. 5. Alexander W., s. of Joel (4), m. Mary Williams of Dana, pub. 9 Jan. 1835; she d. , and he m. Mrs. Mary Ryan 4 Feb. 1867, and had Daniel Willard, b. 18 Aug. 1867. Alexander W. the f. d. in Ware 17 Ap. 1869, a. 55. 6. James H., parentage not ascertained, by w. Charlotte, had James Henry, b. 15 Sep. 1849; Frederick Wilson, h. 6 Ap. 1853; a daughter b. 19 Mar. 1856; Frank Leslie, b. 16 June 1862. Henry F., b. in Lee, d. 18 Ap. 1867, a. 43. Ebenezer W., m. Bethia Richardson, pub. 10 Mar. 1849 she d. 14 Jan. 1854, a. 55. Charles A., of N. Br., m. Lizzie, dau. of Joel Dwight Mandell, 17 Nov. 1875. GooDALE, Joseph, m. Abigail Warden of Pet. 15 Aug. 1780, and prob. d. not long before 23 Jan. 1801, when Mrs. Abigail Goodale's child d. a. 3 months and 14 days. Aauon, of Salem, N. Y., m. Betsey, dau. of Benjamin and Elizabeth Rug- gles, 9 Feb. 1802. Goodenow, Jonathan, by w. Hannah, had Hannah, b. 8 Sep. 1744, m. Aaron Powers 10 Mar. 1768; Elizabeth, b. 20 July 1746. Jonathan the f. d. 12 Ap. 1750, and his w. Hannah m. Ichabod Stratton, Jr., 1 July 1755. 2. Benjamin, ni. Ruth Sanderson of Sudburv 23 Mar. 1762, and bad Lydia, b. 11 July 1763; Benjamin, b. 11 Feb. 1765; Ruth, b. 4 Ap. 1767, m. John Car- ter of Gr., pub. 15 Mar. 1790; Luke, b. 11 Sep. 1768; Anna, bap. 8 July 1770. Elizabeth, m. Isaac Abbott 14 Aug. 1760. Goodspeed, Edward, prob. from Barnstable, m. Judith, dau. of Thomas Winslow, 19 Oct. 1764, and had Elizabeth, bap. 24 Nov. 1765. No further trace found. 2. Shearjasiiub, perhaps brother of ICdward (1), m. Elizabeth, dau. of Capt. Benjamin Rnggles, 20 Nov. 1766, and had Alice, b. 20 Feb. 1767; Rhoda, b. 19 Nov. 1769, m. Philip Amidon 27 Nov. 1788; Anna, b. 31 Aug. 1775; Jocktan, b. 13 Mar. 1778; Seth, b. 11 May 1780. Sheahjashub the f. was a Revolutionary soldier, and prob. rem. fr. Hk. before 1800. Martha, of Barnstable, m. Samuel Winslow 12 June 1760. Abigail, of Barnstable, m. Caleb Nye, Jr., pub. 24 Mar. 1771. Nancy, m. Cyrus Perry, pub. 28 June 1795. John, m. Mary Billings 31 Dec. 1807. GORE — GRANGER. 385 Gore, William N., m. Sarah M. J. Cleveland, pub. 11 Feb. 1851, and had a dau. b. 14 Nov. 1852; Almon Cleveland, b. 5 May 1858; Ecert Edwurd, b. 28 May 18G0; Charles Clarence, b. 22 Nov. 1862. Chestek, ni. Cynthia M. Forbush 12 Nov. 1845. GoKHAM, Stephen, prob. of the Barnstable family, ni. Sarah, dau. of Dea. John Freeman, 16 Mar. 1757, and had John, b. 4 Jan. 1759; Josiah, h. 12 June 1760; StepJien, b. 19 July 1762; Silas, b. 19 Ap. 1764, m. Cyntliia Hanmer, pub. 24 Oct. 1784, and had a child, who d. (infant) 26 Jan. 1797; Joseph, b. 13 Feb. 1766; David, b. 17 June 1768, m. Jane Luce 8 Aug. 1791, res. in Barro; Challis, b. 23 Feb. 1770: Joanna, 1). 6 June 1771, m. Mayo Luce of Pet. 1 July 179;J; Priscilla, b. 26 — 1773 ; Eli, b. 10 May 1775. 2. John, s. of Ste])hen (1), m. Mary, dau. of Capt. Samuel Dextei-, 3 June 1784, and had Thomas, h. 1784, ni. Hannah Utley 12 Dec. 1811, and d. in Barre 15 Dec. 186 7, a. 83; Susan, h. , m. Nathan Taylor, pub. 27 Nov. 1806; John, bap. 10 Feb. 1805 ; Sally and De La Fayette, both bap. 24 Mar. 1805. John the f. d. in Barre 24 Ap. 1847, a. 88. 3. Stephen, s. of Stephen (1), m. Lettice, dau. of Samuel Thurston, 6 Nov. 1798, and had Hiram, b. 30 Aug. 1799, m. Mary M., dau. of Sylvanus Taylor, 26 Nov. 1829, and d. at Worcester 15 Ap. 1880; Lewis, b. 15 Mar. 1801, d. at Springfield 26 Jan. 1868; Sally Weston, b. 20 Ap. 1803, m. Beals Thomas, pub. 2l'0ct. 1837, d. 19 Dec. 1857; Lucinda, h. 15 Mar. 1805 ; Ches- ter Field, b. 16 Mar. 1807; Joseph Warren, b. 21 Mar. 1809, d. at Springf. 18 July, 1855; William Osman, b. 10 Oct. 1811, d. 29 June 1812; William Os- man, b. 19 Sep. 1814, d. at Athol 7 Nov. 1869 ; a child b. , d. 27 Jan. 1817, a. 3 days; Elhridye, b. 8 Ap. 1818, d. at Worcester 19 Nov. 1858. Stephen the f. d. 7 Jan." 1825, a. 62 ; his w. Lettice d. 22 Ap. 1831, a. 55. Antis, ni. Seth Hinkley, pub. 25 Aug. 1822. Mrs. Ruth, m. Dr. Convera Cutler, pub. 9 July 1824, Jason, ni. Anna Newcomb 12 July 1827, and d. at Barre 23 May 1^881, a. 84. Mary Ann, m. Daniel B. Hinkley of Bucks- port, ]\Ie., pub. 8 Ap. 1830. Gould, Samuel, by w. Alice, had Levi, b. 22 Ap. 1763. 2. Haffikld, b. in Milbury, res. in Wore, where his w. Judith d. 1808, a. 25, and in Pelham, where his w. Betsey d. 8 July 1815, a. 35 ; he then rem. to Hk., and m. Lydia, dau. of Lemuel Ruggles, 26 Oct. 1817. His chil. were : Ira P., b. about 1814; Henry Brigham, b. 7 Sep. 1818; Austin, b. 21 Dec. 1819, m. Arathusa C. Powers 16 Oct. 1851, and d. 31 Aug. 1864; Jonathan Lewis, b. 21 Sep. 1821, d. 27 Feb. 1823; Grin, b. 9 Dec. 1823; Cordelia, b. 20 Nov. 1827, ui. John J. Newcomb, pub. 13 ]\Iar. 1857. Haffield the f. was a farmer, res. on Ruggles Hill, at the place marked " H. Gould" on the R. Map, was selectman fourteen years, and d. 21 Sep. 1856, a. 78; his w. Lydia d. 10 Mar. 1850, a. 67. 3. Ira P., s. of HalHeld (2), was a school-teacher, member of the school committee nine years, rem. to Ware, where he d. 15 Nov. 1861, a. 47; Mrs. Martha M. Gould, jirob. his w., and dau. of Arba IListings, d. at AV^are 19 Ap. 1850, a. 31. 4. Henry B., s. of Haffield (2), m. Nancy M., dau. of Joseph D. Dexter, 6 May 1847, and had Ella Maria, b. 9 Sep. 1851, d. 13 Mar. 1858; Nancy Maria, b. 18 June 1859, d. 26 June 1859; Henry Brigliam, b. 23 July 1860, d. 30 July 1860. Henry B. the f. was a selectman seven years, and d. 8 July 1863 ; his w. Nancy M. ra. Joseph C. Paige 2 Nov. 1865. 5. Oren, s. of Haffield (2), m. Sarah A., dau. of Stillman Clark, 25 Nov. 1851, and had Sarah Alice, b. 13 Oct. 1858, m. Joseph S. Hillman 3 M.iy 1882; Anna Emma,h. 31 May 1861; Lura Adelia, b. 8 Feb. 1865, Oren the f., a farmer, res. on the turnpike, at the place marked "Mr. Brownino- " on the R. Map; his w. Sarah A. d. 25 Feb. 1878, a. 48, and he m. Mrs. Sarah H. Jones of Prescott, dau. of Benjamin Aiken, 16 Sep. 1879. Olive, m. Joseph D. Dexter 15 Nov. 1818. Joseph A., m. Relief Shum- \ way of Pet. pub. 18 Jan. 1839. \ Granger, Daniel, had w. Catherine, who d. 25 Mar. 1825. a. 38, and he ^ m. , dau. of Jonathan Mead. His chil. were: William F., b. about 1806; 25 386 GRANGER — GREEN. John II., b. about 1808, d. at Boston 20 Jan. 1859, a. 50 ; a cbild b. 1814, d. 20 Oct. 1815, a. 10 months; Henry H., b. about 1817 ; Tiwothy D., b. 1819; Ca^/(e;/ne, b. about 1822, d. 31 Oct. 1831, a. 9; and jierbaps others. Daniel the f. was a painter, and res. at the Furnace Vilhige. 2. William F., s. of Daniel (1), ni. Elizabeth K.Mead, sister of his father's second wife, 2G Nov. 1829, and had Helen J., b. about 1841, ni, Josiah AVliite 26 May 1863; and prob. others. William F. the f. d. 12 Feb. 1864, a. 57; his w, Elizabeth K. d. 14 June 1879, a. 68. 3. Henky II., s. of Daniel (1), ni. Lucy M. Woodward 30 INIar. 1837, and had Henri/ C, h. about 1840, a soldier in the war of the Rebellion, killed in battle at \Villiamsbur/, b. 23 Ap. 1689; Joseph, h. 3 Nov. 1692. ^Iauk the f. was a carpenter, and res. in Beverly until 3 Ap. 1693, when he bonia Minerca, h. 6 June 1870, d. 25 Jan. 1879. Clarence, of Springf., m. Laura G. Wetherell 23 May 1S72. Hodges, Ephraim, m. Catherine Johnson 25 Nov. 1779, and hud Ephraim, b. 5 June 1 780. 2. EuMUXi), was a captain of militia, and went with a part of his company to the northern frontier in July 17 77, when Bennington was threatened; he was also a lieutenant in a previous campaign. No record is found of his fanuly. He rem. to Barnard, Vt., and was one of the assessors elected at the organiza- tion of that town 9 Ap. 1778, and representative the same year. Abraham, Jr., m. Tripliena Snnth of Dana, jiub. 25 Dee. 1815. HoLDEN, Thomas, m. Ruth Baker 21 Mar. 1751; and, on the same day, Abig.^il, m. Josiah Bacon. 1 Under the provisions of the old law, he argument, ]\Ir. Hitchcock uttered some ex- was at Worcester, confined to the "jail lim- pressioii bordering on profanity. Instantly its," for debt. A stranger, entering the perceiving that his language was otTensive, apartment where he was sitting, inquired he gravely addressed Dr. (JrilRn, whose noble if he was the jailor: "No sir," he replied, stature towered, head and shoulders, above "I am the jailee." At another time, in his own: "I ought not to have used such Brooklield, he iuid a chance iiUerview with words; I ask your pardon; and if I need the Kev. Dr. tiritlin. Though entire siran- pardon from a liigiier source, I beg you to gers to each other, they became deeply in- ask it for me, as you are much nearer heaven terested in conversation on literary and sci- than I am." entitle subjects. At length, in the heat of , 400 HOLMES — HOWARD. Holmes, Philip, ni. Ann Powers of Gr., pub. 22 Nov. 1772. James, m. Prudence Gibbs of Gr. 31 Oct. 1784. Holt, Thomas, m. Sarah, dau. of Rev. Ebenezer Chaplin of Sutton, 5 May 1796, and had Marij Chaplin, twin, b. 19 Sep. 1797, m. Dwight INIarsh 4 Nov. 1817, and d. 20 Ap. 1866; Sarah Chaplin, twin, b. 19 Sep. 1797, d. unm. 13 July 1848; Th()7nas Russell, b. 30 June 1799, studied law, settled in Connecti- cut, but soon disappeared, and his subsequent history is unknown; Ann Tyler, b. 15 Feb. 1801, d. unm. at Athol, 11 Jan. 1869; Daniel Leander, h. 4 Nov. 1802, m. Sophronia Briggs of Athol, pub. 11 June 1840; through lack of skill and energy he became a public charge, and d. at Athol 28 Ap. 1876; Fidelia Morse, b. 9 Sep. 1804, d. 3 Jan. 1805; John Jay, b. 2 Nov. 1805, d. unm. 10 Jan. 1832; he was the flower of the family, and many bright hopes were blasted by his early death. Thomas the f., sou of Daniel and Mary, was b. at Meri- den, Conn., 9 Nov. 1762, grad. Y. C. 1784, ordained at Hardwiek 25 June 1789, dismissed 27 Mar. 1805, installed at Chebacco (a parish in l])swich, now the town of Essex) 25 Jan. 1809, dismissed 20 Ap. 1813, returned to Hard- wiek labored in various places as a missionary, and cultivated his farm; he d. 21 Feb. 1836; his w. Sarah d. 4 July 1854, a. 84. Hopkins, Samuel, ni. Elizabeth, dau. of Walter Hastings, 17 Dec. 1778, and had Moses, b. 4 Sep. 1779; Abiathar, b. 14 July 1781, grad. D. C. 1806, a lawyer in Harrisburg, Pa. , d. num., while on a visit at Petersham, 27 Sep. 1821 ; Alinda, b. 8 Feb. 1784, m. Timothy l^illings, pub. 10 Nov. 1805, d. 6 Aug. 1832; r/»Vra, b. 4 May 1786, m. James Paige of Boston 8 July 1810, d. at Med- ford 17 Feb. 1870; Henrietta, b. 16 July 1788,d. unm. at Boston 3 May 1854; Betsey, b. 22 July 1790, m. Thomas Hapgood of Petersham 3 Feb. 1818; lie d. and she ni. Hon. William Gates of Lunenburg, Vt., 28 Jan. 1829. Samuel the f. rem. fr. Hk. to Pet. soon after 1781, where he subsequently resided. Sarah, m. Constant Merrick, Jr., 18 Mar. 1781. Howard, Nehemiah (otherwise written Hay ward and Heywood), m. Han- nah Wilder of Hingham — Dec. 1772, and had Hannah, b. 4 ]\Lxr. 17 75, m. Joseph Freeman of Ware 26 Sep. 1796; Ruth,h. 5 Jan. 1777; Cetia, b. 20 Sep. 1778, m. Silas Johnson 24 Feb. 1799; Nancy, h. 6 Nov. 1780, d. unm. 30 ]\lay 1859; -Tamazitie,]). 20 Ap. 1782; Pyain, b. 4 Feb. 1784; Emma, b. 22 Dec. 1785; Nehemiah, b. 8 Feb. 1788; Roxana, b. 1 Jan. 1790; Calista, b. 12 Oct. 1791 ; Edward Wilder, b. 1 Nov. 1793; Roicena, b. 22 Sep. 1796. Nehemiah the f. rem. to Enlield. 2. Carey, s. of Carey, m. Fanny, dau. of George Field, 26 Nov. 1813, and had Eleuthera Field, b. 11 Nov. 1814, m. Zeba Howard ofEaston 21 June 1836; Charlotte, b. , d. 5 June 1816, a. 4 months; Prudence Whipple, b. 1817, bap. 30 Nov. 1819, m. Rev. Dana Goodsell of East Haven, Conn., 12 Jan. 1841, d. 6 or 8 Sep. 184 7, a. 30, and was buried here in the new cemetery; Catherine, bap. 30 Nov. 1819, m. Martin L. Brett of Easton 12 Jan. 1841; George C, b. 1823. Carey the f. res. on the road to Gilbertville, at the place marked " Wid. Howard" on the R. Map; he d. 8 Ap. 182a, a. 35; his w. Fanny d. in Easton — Nov. 1865, a. 80. 3. George C, s. of Carey (2), m. Eliza J., dau. of Capt. John Lawton, 16 May 1850, and had Mary Catherine, b. 6 ]\lar. 1851, m. John A. Nutter of Montreal 2 Mar. 1876 ; Flliza Jane, b. 28 Feb. 1853, m. Frank M. Rice 6 Feb. 1879; Dwiyht Field, b. 3 Jan. 1856, m. Harriet J. Newton 15 Jan. 1883; George C, h. 21 Sep. 1858; Anna, h. 28 Feb. 1862; William Henry, b. 25 Aug. 1864, d. 26 Aug. 1866 ; Mattie Sanford, b. 28 Aug. 1867 ; Prudence Good- sell, b. 29 June 1871. George C. the f. res. on the homestead. 4. Clinton, of Sturbridge, ni. Maria, dau. of Lemuel Ruggles, 20 June 1858, and had Marion Lucretia, b. 28 May 1859; Arthur Clinton., b. 26 Oct. 1861; Franklin S., b. 10 Jan. 1864, d. 19 May 1865. Clinton the f. rem. to Hk. about the time of his marriage, was a farmer, res. on the Moose Brook i-oad near the Old Furnace, at the place marked " D. Billings "on the R. Map, and d. 8 Feb. 1876, a. 60; his w. Maria d. 13 May 1877, a. 51. Benjamin, bro. of Carey (2), m. Barbara Baker 19 Mar. 1809. Thomp- son, bro. of Carey (2), m. Irene Sumner 25 July 1816. John Heywood, a State pauper, d. 30 July 1812, a. 65. ' HOWE — HUNT. 401 Howe, Thomas, m. Sarah Corlie — Feb. 1737-8, and had Jo.tepJi,h. 22 July 1739; Mary, b. 15 Sep. 1743 ; Hannah, b. 15 Sep. 1745; Martha, b, 9 June 1 748. 2. Samukl, of Rutland, m. Hannah Smith 29 May 1739, and had Benjamin, bap. 29 Aug. 1742; Sylranm, bap. — M\\\: 1743; Elizabelh, bap. 1 June 1746; Estes, bap. 27 Sep. 1747; and in Rut. Sarah, Moses, and Hannah. Samukl the f. was s. of Moses and Eunice, and was the first male white cdiild born in Rutland, 23 Sep. 1719; his parents had previously rem. to Rut. from Brk. He " was an active and useful citizen while at Rut., went into the war in 1 755, and in 1759 was one of the committee to build the meeting-house, after which he moved to Belchertown, and was respectable and wealthy." Reed's Hist, of Rutland, p. 127. The author of this Hist, of Rut. represents all the chil. in this family to have been born there ; but the first four were baptized here, and were prob. born here. 3. Aktemas, of N. Br., m. (his second wife) Susanna, dau. of Gen. Jona- than U'arner, 16 Feb. 1786, and in October of the same year was appointed as his aid-de-camp, thus superseding Major Martin Ivinsley. 4. Lewis, s. of Artemas (3), by first wife, m. Sarah, dau. of Joseph Robin- son, pub. 21 Aug. 1808, and had an infant, b. , d. 16 Aug. 1809; an infant, b. , d. 11 Nov. 1811 ; Lucy Rugyles, b. 28 May 1813 (or 20 May 1814), d. unm. 4 Mar. 1835. Leavis the f. res. on the old Warner homestead (now owned by Mr. Frazier Paige), in the centre of tlie town, and managed both the farm and the tavern; he d. 23 ]\Iav 1814, a. 37, and his w. Sarah m. Hon. John U. Niles of Hartford 17 June 1824. Jonah, m. Betsey White 21 Sep. 1812. George L., m. Ann M. Rutledge of Wore, pub. 18 June 184C. HoYT, Isaac H., of Brookfield, m. Melita Bonney 27 May 1846, and had, in Hk., Isaac Harvey, b. 23 Aug. 1848, d. 25 Jan. 1850 ; Emily Jane, b. 12 June 1852. PIUBBARD, Chester, of Templeton, m. Mary R., dau. of Cyrus Danforth, pub. 3 Feb. 1844, and had, in Hk., Joseph Reuben, b. 23 Nov. 1846. Ches- ter the f. d. at Keokuk, Iowa, 29 June 1861, a. 45; his monument stands very near the northerly gate of the new cemetery in Hai'dwick. Hudson, Sarah, of AVare, m. Nathaniel Perry, Jr., pub. 22 Nov. 1807. Celia, dau. of Eli, m. ApoUos Fay 7 July 1817. Olive, m. William Winter 5 June 1831. Sarah, wid. of Eli, d. 2 Mar. 1845, a. 92. PIuNT, John, s. of Isaac of Sudbury, grandson of Isaac of Concord, and great-grandson of William of Concord, the emigrant ancestoi", b. 12 Feb. 1711, was one of the earliest inhabitants of Hk. (having previously res. a few years in Grafton), and by w. Mary had Samuel, b. 27 Sep. 1736; Moses, b. 18 Dec. 1738, d. 20 June 1747 ; Hannah, b. 22 Ap. 1741, m. Nathan Wheeler 1 July 1762; Aaron, b. 18 Mar. 1744; Mary, b. 13 Oct. 1746, m. James AVright 18 Jmie 1766; John, b. 31 Jan. 1749-50; Moses, b. 28 Oct. 1756; Joseph,, b. 8 Dec. 1759, m. Elizabeth, dau. of Daniel Fay, 16 May 1779, and rem. to Ben- nington. His w. Mary d. 2 Ap. 1765, a. 45, and he m. Patience Wright 25 Dec. 1765. John the f. res. three quarters of a mile northerly from the Com- mon, at the place marked " Dr. Ward well " on the R. Map, long famous as the AVillis tavern-stand; here he kept a tavern and cultivated a farm. During the Revolutionary War, his house was frequented by soldiers on their marcli to and from the army; the small pox was prevalent; and through fear of becoming infected, he went to a pest-house in New Braintree, was vaccinated, died 14 Feb. 17 78, and was buried in an orchard at the angle of the N. Br. road, a few rods south of the former residence of Col. Stephen Fay. '2. Samuel, s. of John (1), m. Sarah Osgood of Rut. Dist., pub. 20 Sep. 1758 ; she d. and he m. Abigail Fisk 20 Feb. 1766. His chil. were : Anna, b. 17 Jan. 1761 ; Samuel, h. 3 Aj). 1763, d. at Shoreham, Vt., 15 Feb. 1825. Sajiuel the f. rem. to Pawlet, Vt., in 1762, as ajjpears by the town records, and thence to Shoreham, where he d. in 1799. Goodhue's Hist, of Shoreham, p. 31. 3. Aaron, s. of John (1), m. Sarah Robinson 24 Oct. 1765, and had David, 26 402 HUNT. b. 15 Oct. 1766; Polly Palmer, b. — July 1770; Aaron, ha.}^. 4 Oct. 1772; Sally, bap. 19 June 1774, d. young; Sally, b. 1 Ap. 1777; John, b. 26 Mar. 1779 ; Betsey, b. 28 July 1781. 4. JoHN,"^s. of John (1), m. Elizabeth Webster 23 Dec. 1772; she d. 2 Oct. 1779, and he in. Sarah Fay 1 Oct. 1784 ; res. in Ware. 5. Moses, s. of John (1), m. Esther, dau. of John Jenney, 10 Dec. 1778, and had Sophia, b. 2 Oct. 1779, m. Josejah Dexter 13 July 1800; Moses, b. 27 Aug. 1781 ; Abigail, b. 23 Sep. 1786 ; Jolm, b. 26 June 1788, m. Mabel Hop- kins 4 Jan. 1816, res. at Hadley; Mary Palmer, b. 19 Ap. 1790, m. Lemuel Wicker 15 Jan. 1811; Esther Jenney, h. 10 Feb. 1792, m. Lindsey Fay 20 Mar. 1810; Zephaniah, b. 4 Aug. 1793, m. Mary Howland 19 Nov. 1821, res. Barre, d. 1 Sep. 1856; Orsamus, b. 16 Feb. 1797; Horace (ov Hirani), b. 15 Ap. 1799, d. 15 Jan. 1803 ; William, b. 27 June 1800, d. 11 Jan. 1803; Hammond, b. 8 July 1802, d. 20 May 1803; William, h. 6 Sep. 1804, m. Patty, dau. of Capt. Edmund Mayo, pub. 3 Dec. 1827, d. at Sturbridge 17 June 1877. Moses the f. was a farmer, res. in the northerly part of the town, and d. 10 July 1822. 6. Moses, s. of Moses (5), m. Kebecca Winslow of Barre, pub. 20 Oct. 1805, and had Elisha Winslow, h. 180G, d. 14 May 1807, a. 5 months ; Eliza, b. 9 Mar. 1808, m. Jonathan R. Haskell 3 Dec. 1829; Elisha Winsloiv, b. 9 July 1810; Hammond, b. 15 Ap. 1812; Abel Herod, bap. 16 Oct. 1814, d. 19 Dec. 1814; He7iry, b. 14 Jan. 1816 ; John Winslow, b. 30 Nov. 1818, res. in Springfield; Moses, b. 12 Aug. 1821; William, b. 14 Dec. 1824, d. at Spring- field 29 July 1849. Moses the f. d. 8 Oct. (or 15, as on grave-stone) 1833. 7. Orsamus, s. of Moses (5), m. Laura, dau. of Silas Newton, 7 Jan. 1821 ; she d. at Granby, 14 Jan. 1851, a. 56, and he m. her sister, Caroline New- ton. His chil. were: Addison, b. here 20 Jan. 1822, m. Clarissa E. Thomas, 16 Mar. 1852, and rem. to Wore. ; and at Granby, Calvin Ne^vton, h. 8 June, 1825, d. 21 May 1830; Charles Edward, b. 21 May 1830; Edwin Newton, b. 14 Dec. 1834. Orsamus the f. d. at Shrewsbury 25 May 1864. 8. Elisha Winslow, s. of Moses (6), m. Louisa Vineca, pub. 20 Aug. 1841, and had Edwin, b. ; Newell, b. 1 Oct. 1843; William Sprague, b. here 28 Feb. 1846, d. 24 Sep. 1852; William N, b. , Elisha W. the f. rem. to Springfield and d. 12 Dec. 1858. 9. Hammond, s. of Moses (6), ni. Susan Walker 30 Ap. 1839, and had Eunice Mary Ann, b. 12 Ap, 1840, d. 15 Nov. 1841; Mercy Ann, b. 17 Nov. 1841, d. 23 Sep. 1842; Susan Elvira, b. 28 Jan. 1845. Hammond the f. d. 28 Aug. 1845, and his w. Susan m. Joshua Conkey of Rochester, N. Y., 3 Jan. 1848. 10. Henry, s. of Moses (6), m. Eliza P. Sexton 12 June 1844, and had E7nily F., h. 20 Sep. 1845 ; Eliza A., b. 12 Sep. 1847 ; Daniel Sexton, b. 4 Nov. 1850, d. 30 Nov. 1850; Daniel, b. 25 Dec. 1851; Williajn Henry, b. 20 Jan. 1855; George, h. 20 May 1857 ; Fanny, b. 8 Aug. 1859 ; John, b. 12 Dec. 1861; Mary Walker, b. 29 June 1864 ; a son, b. 19 Nov. 1866. Henry the f. was killed by lightning 22 Ap. 1867. 11. Moses, s. of Moses (6), m. Jane Grier 31 Dec. 1856, and had Hammond, b. 31 July 1858, d. 3 Aug. 1858. Moses the f. rem. to Springf., and d. 6 Feb. 1873. 12. Charles Edward, s. of Orsamus (7), m. Laura Warner 4 Sep. 1855, and had Hattie Maria, b. 21 Mar. 1858. Charles Edward the f. i-em. to Gi-eenfield. 13. Ephhaim of Gr., s. of Ephraim of Dartmouth and grandson of Rev. Samuel of Dartmouth, m. Rhoda Forbush 5 Ap. 1781. It does not appear whether they had children. He d. 5 Sep. 1831, a. 72; his w. Rhoda d. 15 Aug. 1855, a. 94. There are indications that Ephraim of Dartm, rem. to Hardwick; and his sister Joanna, then of Gr., was pub. to Thomas Haskell 13 Jan. 1749-50. 14. John, a merchant in Boston, not known to be of near kin to either of the foregoing, was an early aid extensive land-owner in Hardwick. After his death, his real estate was divided between liis thi'ee sons, John, Shrimpton, HUNT — JENNEY. 403 and Thomas, and bis dau., the w. Elizabeth Wendell, 10 Jan. 1754. One lot extended from the present southeasterly line of j\lr. William C. Wesson's homestead i\\in\^ the northerly side of the street to the Common, and thence up the hill where the old road is still visible, nearly or quite to the ^V'^are road, beino; ISO rods deep, at the easterly end ; 174 rods, at the southeasterly corner of the Common; and 207 rods, at the westerly end; the northerly line was straiolit, and measured 125 rods. This lot included the present Common and burial-jjround. Jackson, Nathaniel, of Gr., m. Lucy Seavcr, pub. 10 Jan. 1794. He was prob. the same who resided on the road connecting the (iilbertville and Ware roads, at the place marked " Mr. Warner " on the R. Map. No record found of children. 2. Otis, of Woodstock, Conn., m. Ruth Jamerson 3 Jan. 1854, and had Man/ Jane, b. 15 Nov. 1854, m. Henry W. Ayers of N. Br. 19 Jan. 1880; Wll- Ham' Otis, b. 6 Oct. 1861; both b. in Hk. * Salome, m. Luther Seaver, pub. 4 Nov. 1808, d. 13 Ap. 1809, a. 22. Re- becca, d. unm. 23 Sep. 1814. a. 30. Jamerson, Seth, m. Lvdia, dau. of John Hastings, Esq., 3 Oct. 1814, and had Clark Hastings, b. — March 1815, d. 6 May 1816; Rebecca, b. 9 June 1818, m. Hiram Barrows of Dana, 26 May 1847; Clark, b. 20 Dec. 1819; Ruth, b. 26 Dec. 1821, m. Otis Jackson 3 Jan. 1854; an infant d. 8 Sep. 1828. Seth the f. was b. in Barre, a farmer, and resided at the place marked with his name on the R. Map (the Hastings homestead on the Moose Brook road, near Barre) ; he was a jovial and feai-less rider in the troop of cavalry, and with his companion, Joel Hagar, was accustomed to keep the company wide awake. He d. 30 May 1858, a 67; his w Lydia d. 9 May 1872, a. 82. 2. WiNTUROP, m. Caroline Fairbanks, pub. 27 Mar. 1826; he rem. to Barre. James, Humphrey, m. Mary Ann Newland, pub. 30 May 1855, and had Sarah Jane, b. 12 Feb. 1856 ; Mary Ahhy, b. 24 Feb. 1857; John Dean, b. 24 Ap. 18G1, d. 5 Oct. 1863. Jenkins, Southworth, m. Huldah Wright 15 Nov. 1770, res. in Barre, where he had Southworth, b. , established himself in business as a clothier, at the Furnace Village in 1803, but ret. to Barre ; Ja7iies Wright, b. 1780; Joseph, h. 1781, res. in Boston, was a builder. Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Masons, and d. 11 Oct. 1851; Benjamin, b. about 1784; Charles, b. about 1786, grad. W. C. 1813, pastor of a church in Portland, where he d. in 1831, a. 45; and prob. others. Southworth the f. (if not his son of the same name) d. in Barre about the beginning of the year 1821; his w. Huldah d.— Nov. 1810, a. 62. 2. James Wright, s. of Southworth (1), m. Betsey Whipple of Grafton, pub. 1 Jan. 1804, and had Josiah Whipple, b. here 6 Oct. 1805 ; and others (among whom was James W.), after his removal to Barre. James W. the f. kept a tavern in the Furnace Village 1807 and 1808, was Master of Mount Zion Lodge in 1811, returned to Barre, was captain of militia, and d. 19 Sep. 1866, a. 86. 3. Benjamin, s. of Southworth (1), m. Hannah Atwood of Barre, pub. 21 Aug. 1808, and had Benjamin Franklin, bap. 11 Aug. 1811, d. at Barre 19 May 1877, a. nearly 68; Jason, bap. 11 Aug. 1811 ; Benjamin Atwood, bap. 8 Ap. 1814; d. at La Crosse, Wis., 19 Jan. 1880. Benjamin the f. was a clothier, succeeded his brother Southworth in business at the Old Furnace, and his brother James W., as Master of Mount Zion Lodge in 1812; he was also lieutenant of militia, and d. 12 March 1814. Jenks, Francis, m Alice Nye 28 July 1793. Sukey, m. Seth Ruggles, pub. 18 May 1794. Mrs. Sally, m. John Ruggles 26 Ap. ISOI. Jenney, John, of " Plymouth, who was a brewer of Norwich, went to Holland in his youth, lived at Rotterdam, came in the James, a little vessel of 44 tons, built for the Pilgrims of Leyden, arrived Aug. 1623, with w. Sarah (whom he m. at Leyden 1 Nov. 1614, by the name of Carey), and chil. Samuel, Abigail, and Sarah, at the same time with the Ann, there- 404 JENNEY — JOHNSON. fore with her passengers reckoned among 'old comers,' had born here John s,x\il Smanna; was an assistant 1637-39, and representative 1()41." Savage's Gen. Diet. ii. 546. He d. between 28 Dec. 1643 and 5 June 1644. 2. Joiix, s. of Samuel or John, and grandson of John (2), settled in Dart- mouth, Avhere by w. he had Sarah, b. 21 May 1672, ni. Sherman ; 3Iehetabel, h. 26 Sep. 1673, m. (iifibrd ; Elizabeth, b. 5 Feb. 1676-7; Samuel, b. 4 Feb. 1678-9; Lyiiia, h — Aug. 1682, m. Benson ; John, b. 18 Ap. 1684. John the f. d. between 21 Mar. and 26 Ap. 1727. 3. John, s. of John (2), m. Abigail, dau. of Isaac Pope, and had Joanna, b. 8 Dee. 1714 ; Ephrabn, b. 20 Feb. 1716-17; Alice, b. 1 Oct. 1718; Margaret, b. 25 Mar. 1722; Elizabeth, b. 28 Jan. 1724-5; John, b. 2 Nov. 1730. John the f. res. in DartmoiJth. His will, dated 7 Nov. 1749, was proved 6 May 1755. 4. John, s. of John (3), m. Abigail, dau. of Samuel Spooner, 23 Nov. 1752, and had Zej>haniah, h. 2 Aug. 1753, was a physician, took the name of Jennings, m. Marthfl Eddy of Shrews. 28 Nov. 1799, and prob. soon rem. from Hk.; John, b. 16 Mar. 1755; Joanna, h. 1757, d. unm. 10 Mar. 1835, a. 78; Esther, b. about 1759, m. Moses Hunt 10 Dec. 17 78; Elnathan, b. about 1762, was living in 1796; Abigail, b. , m. Elijah Billings 24 Ap. 1796. John the f. rem. from Dartmouth to Hk. with his family, probably soon after the birth of his son John in 1 755 ; he was a farmer, and d. 31 May 1796 ; his w. Abigail d. 10 Dec. 1829, a. 97, 5. John, s. of John (4), m. Hannah Perry of Barre 10 Ap. 1788, and had Justus, b. 25 Nov. 1788 ; Esther Gates, h. 6 May 1790, m. Benjamin Gates of Barre 18 Nov. 1817; John, b. 16 Feb. 1792 ; Chiron, b. 26 Ap. 1794 ; Calvin, b. 3 July 1796; Seth, b. 21 July 1798; Hannah Perry, b. 19 Nov. 1800, m. Cyrus Danforth 6 Mar. 1817, and (2d) Clark Stone of Enfield 30 Sep. 1858, and d. 31 Oct. 1873; Hiram, b. 23 Aug. 1803, d. 5 Jan. 1805 ; Lucretia Perry, b. 21 Aug. 1805, m. Cary, and d. at Enf. 19 Sep. 1870 ; Abigail Spooner, b. 27 July 1808, m. Gardner Bartholomew, pub. 3 Feb. 1831. John the f. was a farmer, res. on the Ware road, at the place marked ''J. Kobin- son " on the R. Map (probably tbe homestead of his father), and d. 23 Aug. 1814; his w. Hanmih m. Dr. William Stone of Enf., 23 Nov. 1819. 6. Justus, s. of John (5), m. Lucy Wicker 19 Feb. 1811, and had Jane Parsons, b. 25 Sep. 1811; Charles Austin, b. 20 Nov. 1813; Sophronia, b. 8 Dec. 1815; John, b. 18 Aug. 1818; Susan, bap. 19 Aug. 1821. Justus the f. res. on the homestead, but rem. from the town soon after 1821. 7. John, s. of John (5), was a blacksmith, and rem. from Hk. prob. about 1828. 1 find no record of marriage or children. 8. Chiron, s. of John (5), m. Sophronia, dau. of Charles Paige, 28 Sep. 1817; she d. 25 Feb. 1854, and be m. Mary C. Bowker 23 Mar. 1865. His chil. were: Clarissa Paige, b. 25 Sep. 1818, m. David Elwell 2d, 7 Sep. 1842; Algernon' Sidney, b. 6 Sep. 1821; Hattie Bell (a child of her father's old age), b. 5 July 1869, d. 11 Aug. 1870. Chikon the f. was a tanner, res. at the old Furnace Village, and d. 29 June 1874. 9. Calvin, s. of John (5), m. Mary Bassett 19 Sep. 1824, and had Mary E., b. 19 June 1825 ; Louisa, b. 2 July 1827, d. 21 Oct. 1831 ; Eideliu, b. 9 Aug. 1829, m. Wheeler, and d. at Ware 20 Jan. 1861; Clarissa, b. 11 Aug. 1831, and d. at Ware 3 May 1853. Calvin the f. was a farmer and cajjtain of militia, res. on the Ware road for some years, at the place marked " C. Buggies " on the R. Map, but rem. from the town. 10. Algernon Sidney, s. of Chiron (8), m. Mary J. Brigham of Pres., pub. 14 Feb. 1846, and had Mary Jane Frances, b. 3 Mar. 1851. Jemima, m. Gideon Carpenter 31 May 1753. Esther, m. David Gilbert, Jr., of N. Br. 23 Mar. 1758. Johnson, Experience, m. Mary Hamlin, at Rochester, 18 Ap. 1728, and had William, b. 26 Aug. 1729 ; Thomas, b. 13 Nov. 1733, pub. to Hannah Chelson 10 Mar. 1759 ; he soon rem. from Roch. to Hk., and both his sons were bap. here 5 Dec. 1736. 2. Zebadiah, pi-ob. s. of Zebadiah and Esther of Shrewsbury, and, if so, bap. 1 Ap. 1733, came here about 1753, m. AHce, dau. of Capt. Constant JOFINSON. 405 Merrick, 25 Nov. 1756. and had Samuel, h. 23 May 1758 ; Mary, h. 10 iMar. 17fiO, d. iinin. 5 Oct. 1837; Constant, b. 9 Jan. 1762; Jnnh, b. 9 Mar. 1705; Zehudlah, b. 10 June 1 767, m. Sally Powisrs 9 Feb. 1 791 ; John, b. 4 June 1 709. 3. SkTm, proi). brother of Zebadiah (2), and b. at Slirews. 15 Feb. 1736. pub. to Kezia Cooley of Gr. 2 Aujr. 1760, and had Jonah, b. 19 ]\Iar. 1761; Catherine, h. 3 Aii'^. 1763, in. Ephraim Ilodijes 25 Nov. 1779; Phehe, h. 29 Sep. 1704, m. Noah Beacli of Rut., jiub. 9 July 1780 ; Elecln, b. 31 Jan. 1767, ni. Jauu's Whipple 21 Ap. 1785. Widow Kkzta Joiin30X, the mother, d. 15 Feb. 1822, a. 85. 4. Israel, prob. brother of Zebadiah (2), and b. at Shrews. 11 Sep. 1737, m. Abiel, wid. of Ebenezer Safford, 29 Dec. 1761, and had Challis, b. 1 Oct. 1762. 5. NAxnANFEL, by w. Sarah, had prob. Nathaniel, h. ; Triphena, b. 15 Sep. 1704, m. Sylvanus Brimhall 14 Sep. 1783. Nathaniel the f. d. 3 Nov. 1790, a. 71. 6. Silas, m. Patience Walker of Pet., 27 Nov. 1760, and had Silas, b. 27 Nov. 1707 ; Susanna, b. 15 Ap. 1770. Silas the f. d. 12 July 1822, a. 76; his w. Patience d. 18 Oct. 1813, a. 69. 7. N.\Tii.\xiEL, prob. s. of Nathaniel (5), ni. Mary Nye 5 Sep. 1783, and had Otis, b. 5 May 1 784. 8. Stephen, m. Abip;ail Rice of Barre 31 May 1774 ; she d. 22 Ap. 1777; and he ni. Elizabeth Witt of Paxton, pub. 16 May 1779. His chil. were : Abiqail,h. 19 Ap. 1776; m. Wyatt Richardson, pub. 6 May 1795; Elizabeth, b. 17 June 1780 ; Stephen, b. 14 Dec. 1781. 9. Aarox, m. Susanna Bridgeman of Gr. — June 1787, and had Aaron, b. 22 May 1788. 10. Daniel, m. Lucy Brings of Orange — IMay 1797, and had Samuel, b. 29 Jan. 1798, m. Polly Sprout, pub. 15 May 1825, and d. 14 Aug. 1847 ; she d. 22 Jan. 1829, a. 37; Ezra, h. 22 Oct. 1799, ni. Abigail Sprout, pub. Nov. 1830, and d. at Presc. 1 Ap. 1878; Philip, b. 3 May 1802, ni. Civilla R. Thayer, pub. 20 Mar. 1830; she d. 19 Dec. 1801. a. 58, and he m. Mrs. Elizabeth C. Stevens 21 Awx- 1862 ; his dau. Mary E. d. unm. 30 Nov. 1867, a. 36; and he d. 24 Mar. 1875 ; Lncj/, b. 6 July 1804, ni. Orville Lathrop of Shrews., pub. 31 Jan. 1825. Lucy the mother d. 3 Feb. 1814, a. 41. 11. Silas, s. of Silas (0), m. Hannah Nye 15 Dec. 1785; she d. and he ni. Celia Howard, or Havwood, 24 Feb. 1799, and had Silas Nye, b. 3 Sep. 1799, d. at Dana 1 Ap. 1879; Alansnn, b. 9 Nov. 1800; Hiram, h. 3 Sep. 1802; Gardner, h. 25 Oct. 1804; Nehemiali Hai/wood, b. 20 May 1807, res. in Illinois 21 Sep. 1841, when he m. Eunice Randall; Karf/lan, h. 15 July 1809. Silas the f. d. 19 ]Mar. 1840, and his w. Celia m. John Peckhan/of Pet. 20 Ap. 1841. 12. Aaron, m. Celia Richardson of Gr., 11 Sep. 1800, and had Alice, b. 21 Mar. 1801, m. Seth Richardson, pub. 3 Ap. 1820; William, h. 1 Nov. 1803, m. Eliza Wldpple 15 Aug. 1822, and d. 16 Aug. 18 71. Aaron, the f. d. 1 May 1813, a. 41; his w. Celia d. 2 Sep. 1840, a. 66. 13. John, prob. s. of Zebadiah (2), by w. Mary, had Chester, h. about 1801; John, b. about 1805, m. Arathusa Dexter 5 Oct. 1828 (she d. Ap. 1862, a. 50 ; he d. 2 May 1870, a. 71) ; their son, William W., m. Eunice C. Sturte- vant 18 Aug. 1880; Samuel, b. about 1810, d. 31 May 1848, a. 38. John the f. d. 25 Ap. 1828. 14. Maush.\ll, m. Lettice Hathaway 1 Jan. 1811, and had Balarah, b. 19 Oct. 1811; Mary, b. 9 Dec. 1812, m. Ebenezer H. Egery 26 Feb. 1828; Sarah, b. 25 Dec. 1814, m. Hosea Cummings 22 Feb. 1831; Justus, b. 31 Aug. 1816. Marshall the f. d. 28 Oct. 1857, a. 81; his w. Lettice d. 3 Mar. 1859, a, 72. 15. Alanson, s. of Silas (11), m. Amanda Wheeler, pub. 8 May 1826, and had Henri/ A.,h. 7 Ap. 1827 ; William W., b. 4 Nov. 1835. 16. William, by w. Ellen, had Halsea Hurlhurt, b. 1843. 17. Justus, s. of JNIarshall (14), m. Sylvia S. Smith of Gr., pub. 28 Feb. 1840, and had Genrcie Franklin, b. 3 Jan. 1845. 18. Chester, s. of John (13), by w. Rebecca had George, b. 11 Jan. 1847. Chester the f. d. 31 Aug. 1848, a. 38; his w. Rebecca d, 24 July 1851, a. 46. 406 JOHNSON — JORDAN. 19. Philander, by w. Susan, had William Warren, b. 7 Aug. 1848. 20. David W., by w. Clarissa A., had Frederick D., b. 29 July 1850 ; Oren Alpheus, b. 9 July 1852. 21. GARDNt:R"^N., by w. Eliza, had Joseph French, b. 24 Aug. 1853. 22. John J., m. Harriet E. Covell, 11 Mar. 1852, and had Lestella, b. 26 Oct. 1853; a son b. 27 Ap. 1861, d. 19 May 1861; Cleola A., b. 4 Mar. 1863, m. Rollin D. Newton, 3 Mar. 1881. 23. John, by w. Julia, had Thomas Francis, b. 21 Jan. 1857. 24. Alpheus, ni. Fi'ances M. Turner, pub. 28 Ap. 1853, and had Fanny Adella, b. 24 Feb. 1861. 25. Aarox F., by w. Adeline, had William Harvey, b. 1 June 1861. 26. Halsea H., s. of William (16), m. Mary E. Kendall 20 Oct. 1863, and had Samuel Hurlbwi, b. 30 May 1864. 27. Enos T., m. Emma C. Bacon of Gr. 16 Mar. 1864, and had Charles Albert, b. 23 Ap. 1873; Rupert E., b. 20 Oct. 1881. Solomon, of Gr. (prob. bro. of Zebadiah (2)), m. Sarah Dexter 28 Dec. 1762. Joel, ni. Eleanor Parks 27 Sep. 1768. William, m. Hannah John- son 26 Jan. 1775 or 1776. John, m. Nancy Thayer, pub. 10 Nov. 1797. Joshua, m. Rachel Whij)ple 12 Aug. 1798. Seth, m. Sally Hillman, pub. 27 Nov. 1800. Stephen N., m. Susanna Whipple 3 Feb. 1823. Samuel, m. Betsey Cumniings 29 June 1829. Peebles, m. Eliza Ellen Whipple 21 May 1861. Joel, d. 10 Oct. 1813, a. 70. Milo, d. 31 Aug. 1845, a. 21. The registration of births was so much neglected by the parents for many years, that I am unable to give a satisfactory account of the numerous families bearing the name of Johnson, and of their relationship to each other. Jordan, Edmund, a nephew of Benjamin Smith and one of the pioneers, m. Temperance, dau. of William Thomas (at Brk.), 12 Mar. 1734, and had Elizabeth, h. 27 Ap. 1735, m. John Mellard, pub. 19 Ap. 1761; William, h. 13 Dec. 1737; Submit, b. 19 Ap. 1740, m. Daniel Hastings, pub. 22 July 1764; Man/, b. 23 Dec. 1743; Sarah, b. 13 Aug. 1746, d. 25 Oct. 1746; Sarah, h. 24 July 1748, d. unm. 24 Mar. 1771; Eleazar, b. 2 Mar. 1750; ]S[eits (a son), b. 1 May 1752. Edmund the f. was b. in Taunton, and was a carpenter; he was a corporal in Capt. Samuel Robinson's company 1755, in the French War; also in 1756, during which campaign he died, a. 45. 2. John, prob. brother of Edmund (1), was hei"e in 1735, in^ Nitchev,'aug (Petersham) 1738, returned to Hk., was a soldier in Captain Robinson's company 1755, and d. 14 Dec. 1755. His son Dudley was bap. in Nitche- waug by Rev. Mr. White, 30 July 1738, was a soldier in Captain Robinson's company 1756, and d. during that campaign, a. 20. 3. Dudley, prob. brother of Edmund (1), m. Mary, dau. of John Haskell, 23 Dec. 1739, and had Susanna, b. 20 Mar. 1740-1, m. Abraham Knowlton 12 Mar. 1764; Philip, b. 17 Mar. 1742-3; Mercy, b. 10 (or 14) June 1745, m. John Raymond 7 Mar. 1771; Sarah, b. 22 July 1747; Dudley, b. 8 Mar. 1749. Dudley the f. res. on Ruggles Hill, at or near the place marked " A. Ruggles " on the R. Map; he was a remarkably expert gunner, and is said to have alarmed the town by discharging his gun at a catamount three times in such rapid succession that it was su])posed to be the "alarm," or established signal of danger. He d. 26 Ap. 1750; his w. Mary d. 27 May 1750. 4. Dudley, s. of Dudley (3), m. Bathsheba Rice 8 Aug. 1776, and had Hannah, b. 29 Ap. 1777; Bathsheba, b. 11 Jan. 1779; Polly, b. 19 Jan. 1781 ; Prudence, b. 11 Nov. 1782, d. unm. at Gr. 16 Dec. 1869; Mercy, b. 6 Jan. 1785, m. William Morton of Gr. 20 Mar. 1813; William Piit, b. about 1786; Cijnthia, b. , m. Seth B. Manly 12 May 1824; Alma (or Almira), b. about 1793, d. unm. 21 Mar. 1814, a. 21; John Tyler, b. 3 Sep. 1799, res. in Gr., d. 17 Sep. 1879, a. 80 years and 14 days; George Anson, b. about 1805, d. 11 July 1814, a. 9. Dudley the f. was a tanner, res. several years near Gilbert- ville, on the old road, now little used, a few rods below the place marked " R. Field " on the R. Map, in a house apparently one of the earliest erected in the town; he d. at Ware 5 July 1820 ; his w. Bathsheba d. 5 Dec. 1813, a. 53. 5. William Pitt, s. of Dudley (4), m. Sophia Bliss of Jamaica, Vt., pub. JORDAN— KINSLEY. 407 19 Ap. 1813; she d. and he m. Mary Presho, 25 Mar. 1818; she d. 25 May 1834, a. 37, and he m. Electa Grant, who d. 4 Jan. 1838, a. 26, and he m. Mrs. Sophia King 26 June 1838. His chil. were : Anson, b. 1818, d. 24 Mar. 1820, a. 2 ; Cynthia, b. 3 Nov. 1821, m. James Davis, Jr., 11 Auir. 1836 ; 3Iary Nye, b. 9 Jan. 1823; William P., b. 1828, d. 31 Dec. 1860, a. 32 ; and perhaps others. William Pitt the f. was a tanner, res. on the road to Barre, at the place marked "P. Jordan " on the R. Map, and d. 24 Ap. 1869. JoSLix, DiXAH, m. Prince Nye 15 Dec. 1774. Elizaretii, m. Abraham Bell of N. Br. 29 Dec. 1785. Peter A., m. Hannah T. Newcomb, pub. 31 Oct. 1829. Matthews, m. Mrs. Margaret Holdridge 12 Dec. 1830, and d. 20 Mar. 1840, a. 73. A child of Matthews, Jr., d. 26 Oct. 1834, a. 6 mos. Keith, Ephraim, s. of Joseph, and grandson of Rev. James, b. at Bridge- water in 1707, grad. H. C. 1729, preached here about a year, commencing 2 May 1734, but was probably never ordained; he i-eturned to Bridgewater, was justice of the peace, m. Sarah, dau. of Israel AVashburn, had seven chil., and d. in 1781. 2. JoHX, prob. b. in Bridgewater, m. Ann Belcher of Bridgew., pub. 10 Ap. 1774; she d. and he m. Zerviah Willis 21 Oct. 1782. His chil. were: John, bap. 9 July 1775; Joseph, b. 5 Oct. 1783; Benjamin, b. 17 Feb. 1785; Seth, b. 17 Feb. 1788. Reuel, m. Abigail Allen, pub. 11 Ap. 1784. Kelly, William, m. Annis Thayer, pub. 25 Dec. 1820, and had Merrick Thayer, b. 14 Feb. 1822; James Han-ey, b. 20 Sep. 1824. Margaret, m. Cornelius AVrin, pub. 8 Nov. 1856. Kennedy, Daniel, by w. Margaret, had Nancy, b. 24 Aug. 1856; Daniel, b. 24 Sep. 1858; Timothy, b. 24 Jan. 1861 ; Jeremiah, b. 5 Mar. 1864. 2. Richard, by w. Margaret, had Michael, h. 23 Sep. 1856. 3. David, m. Catherine Cronan, pub. 12 Jan. 1855, and had Thomas, b. 1 Ap. 1861; Dennis, h. 26 July 1863; Cornelius (posthumous), b. 6 June 1867. David the f. was b. in Ireland, and d. 20 Oct. 1866, a. 45. 4. Alexander, m. Jane , who d. , and he m. Jeannettc Alex- ander, pub. 31 Aug. 1868. His chil. were: William, b. 30 Oct. 1862; Mary, b. 11 Jan. 1869. Ellen, of AVare, ra. Peter Alexander 7 Feb. 1867. Catherine, m. Timo- thy Daley 7 Sep. 1868. Jessie, ni. Samuel Ross 23 Dec. 1876. Kenney, Jesse, m. Hannah Stearns, 11 Aug. 1776. Kerley, Anna, m. Elisha Pike 29 Nov. 1744. Kimball, Jude, m. Joanna, dau. of James Lawton, 25 Aug. 1793, rem. to Lyndon, Vt., where he had James Lawton, b. 25 Ap. 1799, gracl. L). C. 1824, and at And. Seminary 1828, became secretary of the Amer. Tract Soc. at Boston 1831, and d. unm. at Lyndon 8 Sep. 1833. King, Samuel, of Barre, m. Sybil Raymond 5 May 1840, res. here, and had Samuel Sumner, b. 6 Mar. 1845, d. 2 Feb. 1876; John, b. 1 Mar. 1847, d; 4 Ap. 1862. 2. John, m. Mary J. Richardson 3 Oct. 1844, and had a son, b. 13 Nov. 1849; Haroey Walker, h. 16 Aug. 1852; Elizabeth Arlella, b. 8 Feb. 1857; Mar- shall Johnson, b. 20 Feb. 1859; Albert, h. 30 Sep. 1862. 3. Jesse ^Y., m. Huldah M.Barnes 21 Oct. 1848, and had Charles Walter,h. 12 Nov. 1849. Jesse W. the f. d. 3 Dec. 1855, a. 30; his w. Huldah M. m. Billings Cummings 22 Nov. 1859, and d. 10 Dec. 1868, a. 38. 4. Thomas, by w. Catherine, had Edward Norbert, b. 5 June 1855; Mary Jane, b. 27 Oct. 1856; Caroline, b. 25 June 1859, d. unm. at AVare 16 Sep. 1879; William Wallace, b. 20 May 1868. 5 Edward T., by w. Mary J., had Nellie May, b. 2 May 1872. Joel (b. Enfield, Conn.), d. 29 July 1861, a. 81. AVarren M., m. Louisa Cummings of Barre, pub. 17 Sep. 1821. George H., m. Lucy J. Barnes 7 May 1846. Alfred C, m. Sarah E. Hall 1 Oct. 1873. AA^id. Elizabeth F., d. 23 Ap. 1880, a. 78. Kinsley, Martin, s. of Samuel, was born at Bridgewater in 1754, grad. H. C. 1778, settled immediately in Hardwick, m. Polly Bellows of AValpole, 408 KINSLEY — KNOWLES. N. IT., pub. 3 Oct. 1784, and had Pollji Huhhard, b. 26 May 1787, d. 28 Aug. 1791; Sophia W., b. 1 7 July 179 7, d. 12 Jan. 1800; and, after his removal from Hk., Mary, b. 6 July 1801, m. Samuel Gardner, Esq., of Roxbury, and d. in 1839; Martin, b. 23 Sep. 1808, d. 31 May 1811. Martin the f., soon after he rem. here, en2;a<;ed in the sale of Enjxlish and West India 2;oods, and res. at the place marked " J. IMixter " on the R. Map. About 1 780 he was com- missioned as one of the aids of Maj. Gen. Warner, and was thenceforth known as Miijor Kinsley ; from this office, however, he was removed in 1 78G. probably on account of his sympathy with the Shays Rebellion, against which removal he ])ublished a protest in the " Worcester Magazine " for Deceml)er, p. 450, under date of 24 Nov. 1786. The Shays party, then a majority of the town, rewarded him for his services and mortification by electing him town treasurer six years, from 1787 to 1792, and representative eight years, from 1787 to 1796, except 1789 and 1793, when no representative was chosen. Between 4 Ap. 1797 and 16 Feb. 1798, he removed to Hampden, in the province of Maine, where he was actively engaged, on the Democratic side, in the fierce political contest which marked the commencement of the present century. He was jus- tice of the peace, while at Hardwick, in 1789, recommissioned in 1802, repre- sentative of Hampden in the General Court 1801 to 1806 (except 1805), senator from Hancock County 1814, member of the executive council 1810, 1811, and member of Congress in 1819 and 1820. He was appointed justice of the Court of Sessions 3 Sep. 1811, and on the eighth day of the following October, judge of the Court of Common Pleas for the Eastern Circuit; he was afterwards, for several years, judire of Probate. In his old age he retired from public office, and removed to Roxbury, where he died, at the house of his daughter, 20 June 1835. IvNAPr, CiiARLKS, by w. Hannah, had Caroline Wisicell, b. about 1807, d. 22 Sep. 1811, a. 4; Mary Jane, h. 21 June 1809; Charles William, b. 9 Oct. 1811; Daniel Field, b. 7'Sep. 1813; Amasa Mason, bap. 17 Sep. 1816, d. 16 Aug. 1818, a 2; Catherine Wisicell, bap. 25 Dec. 1818. 2. Georgp: W., of Franklin, m. Clarissa Snow 21 Sep. 1823, and had twin chil, who d. 20 and 22 Oct. 1830. Knight, Tiieopiiilus, b. at Plainfield, Conn., 2 June 1788, m. Theodotia Bliss, who was b. at Western (now Warren), 1 Feb. 1792, and had in AVarren Mary E., b. 20 Ap, 1814, d. 25 Oct. 1821 ; Albert E., b. 2 Nov. 181G; Lucij P., b. 1 Dec. 1818, d. unm. 24 Feb. 1872; Wealthy S., b. 1 Jan. 1821, m. Frazier Paice 11 Mar. 1844; Royal, h. 7 Mar. 1824, d. 3 May 1838; Aaron B., h. 15 June 1826, d. 13 May 1861; Mart/ Ann, b. 10 Nov. 1829, m. Dr. Almon M. Orcutt 16 Oct. 1850 ; Samuel H., b. 3 Dec. 1831, res. in St. Louis ; Franklin S., b. 9 May 1835, was a member (clerk) of the 31st Regt. Mass. Vols, in the Union Army, and d. unm. in St. Charles Hospital, New Orleans, 10 Jan. 1863. Thkophilus the f. was a farmer, rem. to Hardwick, with his family, 1 Ap. 1837, res. at the south end of the Common, and d. 14 Alar. 1844 ; his w. Theo- dotia d. 2 Feb. 1875. 2. Albert E., s. of Theophilus (1), came here 1 Ap. 1837, and m. E. Augusta Phelps of Ware 12 May 1841 ; she d. 20 Feb, 1864; a. 46, and he m. Harriet J., dau. of Joseph Robinson and wid. of AVilliam Browning, 5 Ap. 1866; she d. 16 Sep. 1869, a. 39, and he m. Cornelia E., dau. of Capt. Pliny Alden, 25 Oct. 1870. His chil. were: Jane E., b. 21 Dec. 1842, m. Joel L. Powers 1 Jan. 1866; Elizabeth H., b. 29 May 1846, m. Julius A. Dennis 8 Oct, 1868; Samuel H. P., b. 8 May 1852, d, 25 Sep, 1853 ; William H., b. 26 Ap. 1855, d. 9 June 1857; Harry Phelps, b. 26 Nov. 1856. Albert E. was for several years a clerk in the store of Mixter & Delano and Delano & Co. ; afterwards a merchant, on his own account, at the south end of the Common; postmaster since 1850; town clerk since 1861; town treasurer eleven years from 1867 to 1878; justice of the peace since 1861 ; and representative in 1864. Knowles, Simeon, by w. Eunice, had Simeon, b. about 1766; Elisha, b. about 1779, d. 14 Aug. 1858, a. 79; Phebe, b. about 1783, d. unm, 7 Ap. 1824, a. 41 ; and prob. others. Simeon the f. res. in Eastham until after the birth of his son Simeon ; and perhaps all his chil. were born there. His w. Eunice d. here 5 Ap. 1819, a. 79. KNOWLES — KNOWLTON. 409 2. SiMKOX, p. of Simaon (1), by w. Priscilla, had Bnnga, b. about 1789, d. 17 Sep. 1806, a. 17; Simeon, h. about 1791 ; Leonard, h. about 1795, d. 7 Feb. 1811, a. 16; Edward, b. about 1799, d. at Leicester 29 Oct. 1876, a. 77; Har- riet, b. about 1805, m. Calvin A. Burnett of Oxford 29 June 1830, and d. at Leicester 20 Ap. 1865, a. 60; and perhaps others. SIM^;ON the f. d. 22 Auor. 1823, a. 57 ; his w. Priscilla d. 5 Feb. 1839, a. 75. 3. SiMKON, s. of Simeon (2), m. Lucetta, dau. of Silas Newton, 14 Mar. 1814, and hud Laura Loraine, h. 10 Oct. 1816, m. Riifiis Washburn, Jr., of Johnstown, N. Y., 21 Feb. 1837; Lttciua James, b. 2 July 1819, an eminent inventor and manufacturer in Warren and Worcester; ^ Harriet Ereline, b. 24 July 1821, m. Lorin Brown of Fitcliburg 1 Oct. 1844; Francis B.,h. 29 Nov. 1823, a successful manufacturer in Worcester. Simkox the f. res. about three miles northerly from the Common. His w. Lucetta d. at Warren 23 Auo-. 1868, a. 76. AiuA, m. Elisha T. Mason, pub. 3 June 1816. Eunice, m. Moses Whipple, Jr., 6 Ap. 1823. KxowLTox, Joseph, said to have been son of Thomas and Margery (Good- hue), was b. in Ipswich and res. there until about 1733, when he rem. to Shrewsbury. He m. Abigail Bird and had, in Ipswich, Joseph, b. prob. about 1720; Abit/ail, b. about 1722, d. in Ilardwick unm. 4 Mar. 1807, a. 84; Jacob, b. about 1729; Abraham, b. about 1731; and in Shrews., N^athan, b. 28 Jan. 1733; Samuel and Nathaniel, twins, b. 21 Jan. 1737; Israel, b. 28 Jan. 1740. These eight children are named in their ftither's will, dated 17 Mar. 1756; and besides these. Ward says {Hist. Skn-wshuri/, p. 348), there were Margery, who d. at Shrews. 5 Feb. 1740, and " Thomas, who was killed by the French and Indians at Hoosac Fort, Aug. 17, 1745." Joseph the f. d. at Shrews., between 17 Mar. 1756 and 2 Sep. 1760. His w. Abigail d. 3 July 1748, and he m. Ann , who survived him. 2. Jacob, s. of Joseph (1), settled in Hardwick as early as 1752, m. Sarah Pratt of Shrews. 21 Nov. 1759; she d. and he m. Sarah Smith, pub. 1 Nov. 1762. His chil. were: Joseph, b. 20 Nov. 1760; Sarah, b. 29 Sep. 1763, m. Ebenezer Rich, Jr., of Gr., pub. 14 Dec. 1786 ; Elizabeth, bap. 23 June 1765; Elijah, b. 2 Mar. 1767, d. 2 Dec. 1790; Anna, b. 17 July 1769 ; Abigail, b. 26 June 1771; Jacob, b. 16 June 1774, d. 22 Sep. 1775; Jacob, b. 6 Oct. 1776. Jacob the f. was a blacksmith, and owned a farm bounded north by Muddy Pond and south by Ware. He served two campaigns in the French War, as a corporal in Capt. Samuel Robinson's company. He d. before 6 Aug. 1789, ■when his w. Sarah m. Deac. Joseph Allen. 3. Abraham, s. of Joseph (1), was in Templeton as early as 1756, and m. Comfort Holman; she d. about 1761, when he rem. to Hk. and m. Susanna Jordan 12 Mar. 1764. His chil. were: Comfort, b. 1761 at Templeton, m. George Haskell 25 Ap. 1782; Sarah, b. 13 June 1765, m. Elijah Bant^s 21 Ap. 1791; Israel, b. 11 Jan. 1767 ; Thomas, b. 23 Jan. 1769, d. 8 Sep. llil ; Lucy, b. 21 Dec. 1770, m. Nathan Haskell of Wendell 2 June 1795; Abraham, b. 6 May 1774, d. 1777 ; Philip, b. 30 July 17 76, d. 1777 ; Thomas, b. 9 Feb. 1782, settled in Winchendon. Abraham the f. was a tanner, and res. ion the Petersham road, at or near the place marked "Mr. Woods " on the R. 1 "Lucius J. Knowles, a native of Hard- be readily produced. Mr. Knowles has an wick, engaged in tiie manufacture of looms inventive' genius, which has produced other at Warren, with his brother, F. B. Knowles. important inventions besides his tooms. He In 186G this branch of his business was re- has been engaged in the manufacture of cot- moved to Worcester, where it has. since been ton and woollen; and tiie Knowles' steam- conducted. The looms first made by the jiumps, which he manufactures in large firm were constructed to weave narrow fab- quantities at Warren, have a world-wide rics, which still constitute an important part reputation. He has been state senator, al- of the product of tlie firm. In 1863, Mr. L. dennan, president of the Board of Trade, and J. Knowles took out his first patent for an is now (1879) president of tiie People's Sav- open-shed fancy cassimere loom, which he ings Bank, and a trustee of the Free Insti- has recently adapted to the weaving of many tute." Hist, of Worcester County, ii. 665. newfiibrics, and he has devised mechanisms While Mr. Knowles resided in Warren, he by which almost every kind of fancy textile was a representative in the General Court fabrics, whether of cotton, wool, or silk, can 1865, and senator ia 1869. 410 KNOWLTON — LAWRENCE. Map. He was a lieutenant in the Revolutionary War. In his old age his long white locks gave him a venerable aspect. He d. 9 June 1812, a. 81; his w. Susanna d. 27 Ap. 1816, a. 75. 4. Israel, s. of Abraham (3), m. Abigail Carter 2 May 1793, and had Is^rael, b. 12 Mar. 1795, d. 28 Mar. 1795; Calvin, b. 2 Sep. 1797, m. Abigail Powers of Rye, N. H., 20 Sep. 1822, and d. there 30 Jan. 1878; Israel, K 22. Dec. 1799, d. Ap. 1800; a son, b. and d. 1802; Maria, b. 8 June 1804, m. Williams Dexter 3 June 1828; Abraham, b. 12 Jan. 1807, a mason, res. unm. in Cambridge; Timothy Carter, b. 14 Aug. 1810, ra. Susan Locke of Rye 18 Feb. 1836 ; she d. 17 July 1842, and he m. Augusta Locke of Rye 8 Sep. 1843; he d. 9 July 1869; Luaj, b. 28 July 1816, d. unm. in Cambridge 1 Sep. 1878. Israel the f. rem. to Brighton, where he d. 12 Oct. 1842; his w. Abigail d. in Cambridge 9 Oct. 1851, a. 77. Paul, of Shrewsbury, m. Lucy Forbush 3 Nov. 1769. Knox, Joseph, m. Susan, dau. of Jason Mixter, 7 Sep. 1831, and had Charles Mixter, b. 19 Jan. 1835. Joseph the f. was a lawyer, and after a short residence here rem. in 1837 to Rock Island, 111., where he'd. 6 Aug. 1881. Lajib, Jonathan, by w. Rebecca, had Martha, b. 3 Aug. 1 765°; Jonathan, b. 26 Nov. 1767; Armilla, b. 16 Aug. 1769; Eunice, b. 14 June 1771. Lane, Elijah, by w. Hannah, had Elijah, b. 29 July 1798; Dan Wilmarth, b. 7 May 1800; Justus, b. 19 Mar. 1802; Hannah Brown, b. 24 Mar. 1804, m. Luke Earl 2 Feb. 1826; Nancy, b. 15 Feb. 1807; Rebecca Snoio, b. 15 Mar. 1809; Elbridge, b. 6 Dec. 1813 ; Elizabeth Copeland, b. 30 Nov. 1815, Calvin, b. 15 Mar. 1818; Charles Foster, b. 20 Ap. 1821, d. at Enfield 27 Jan. 1861. Elljah the f. was a farmer, and rem. from Norton to Hk. about 1799; his w. Hannah d. 18 June 1824, a. 46; and he was dism. to the church in Enfield 24 Jan. 1830. 2. Ephraim, brother of Elijah (1), m. Rebecca Snow 13 Nov. 1803 ; she d. 20 Mar. 1835, and he m. Mrs. Nancy Hemenway, pub. 29 Sep. 1837. No record found of children. 3. Dan Wilmarth, s. of Elijah (1), m. Alma, dau. of Orin Trow, 6 Jan. 1824, and had Clarissa 7'., b. 24 Aug. 1825, d. the same year; Joanna Maria, b. 1 Nov. 1826; Orin Trow, b. 12 Ap. 1828; Charles E., h. 1830, d. at Orange 11 Oct. 1854, a. 24. Obed, m. Abigail Smith 16 Feb. 1802. Rebecca, of Gr., m. Deac. Eben- ezer Willis, pub.l3 May 1811. Lawrence, Joshua, by w. Elizabeth, had Sarah, h. 2 July 1704; Joanna, b. 14 Oct. 1706, m. Robert Whitcomb 13 Jan. 1731-32; Ebenezer, b. 10 Oct. 1708 ; Experience, b. 18 May 1711, d. unm. in Hk. 3 Dec. 1796 ; Elizabeth, b. 3 Jan. 1713-14, perhaps m. John Haskell of Roch. 4 Mar. 1753 ; Joshua, b. 7 Ap. 1719; Benjamin and Deliverance, twins, b. 21 Dec. 1727. Joshua the f. res. in Rochester, where all his chil. were born. 2. Ebenezer, s. of Joshua (1), m. Sarah Hammond 6 Feb. 1733, and had Susanna, b. 24 May 1735, m. Nathaniel Merrick 13 Feb. 1755; Joseph, b. 12 Jan. 1736-37; Ebenezer, b. 16 Ap. 1739 ; Sarah, b. 10 Ap. 1741. Ebenezer the f. was a farmer, rem. from Roch. to Hk. before 28 Dec. 1748, res. on the road from the Old Furnace to Taylor's Mills, at the place marked " Wid. Lawrence" on the R. Map, and d. 29 Nov. 1797, a. 89. 3. Joshua, s. of Joshua (1). m. Jane Haskell 13 July 1743, and had JosAwa, b. 24 July 1744, d. here 16 Dec. 1835 ; Joanna, b. 18 Oct. 1746, prob. m. Antipas Howe of Swansey 20 Jan. 1782; Elizabeth, b. prob. 1748, m. Nathan- iel Rice of Rut. Dist. 24 Nov. 1768; Anna, b. prob. 1750, m. Experience Luce 30 Nov. 1769 ; Deliverance, b. 25 Mar. 1753, m. Barnabas Cushman of Wil- mington, Vt., 15 Feb. 1781; Bethia, bap. 13 May 1758; Moses, bap. 16 Nov. 1760. Joshua the f. was a farmer, rem. from Roch. to Hk. soon after 1 Ap. 1751, res. on the Barre road, near Taylor's Mills, marked " M. Lawrence " on the R. Map, and d. between 9 Ap. and 4 June 17 77; his w. Jane d. 15 Nov. 1795, a. 77. 4. Ebenezer, s. of Ebenezer (2), m. Lydia Richmond of N. Br. 18 Dec. 1763, and had Noah, b. 22 Jan. 1765, d. unm. at the town farm 22 Jan. LAWRENCE — LAWTON. 411 1847; Suxntuia, b. G Dec. 176G; RacM, b. 18 May 1769; Lj/din, b. 26 June 1771, d. iinm. 21 July 1817; Elizabeth, b. 1 Ap. 1773, ni. William Newell, pub. 3 Mav 1797; Joshua, b. 27 June, 1777; Wilder, h. 16 Dec. 1779; Salhj, b. 31 Oct. 1783, m. Charles W. Fisk 17 Mar. 181.S. Erenezer the f. was a farmer, res. on the homestead, and d. 2 Aug. 1811 ; his w. Lydia d. 21 June 1811, a. 68. 5. MosKS, s. of Joshua (3). m. Abigail Johnson of Barre 15 Feb. 1781; she d. (killed by falling upon the handle of a fire-shovel, which pierced her body) 16 July isil, a. 51, and he m. Sophia, dau. of John Hastings, Esq., pub. 18 Sep. 1814. Ilis chil were: William, h. 8 Ap. 1782, ni. Betsey Bridges 25 Mar. 1804, who d. 16 May 1818, a. 38; Elnathan, b. 21 Oct. 17«3; Lucinda, b.- 6 June 1785, m. Joshua Lawrence 15 Oct. 1812; Ira, b. 9 jNLay 1787; Harloiv, b. 18 Sep. 17,sS; infant b. , d. 2 Dec. 1791; Keuel, b. 12 Mar. 1792 ; I\foses, b. 1 ^Tay 1793; infant, twin with Moses, d. 17 Aug. 1793; Aaron, h. 22 Dec. 1794, d."'2 ■NLay 1819 ; Sally, b. 30 :May 1797; Abigail, b. 28 Oct. 1799, prob. m. Alonzo Emmons 3 Dec. 1838 ; Hiram, b. 20 Feb. 1801; Anna, b. 5 Oct. 1802, m. Noah W. White 5 Nov. 1826, and d. at Brk. 24 Jan. 1868; Ahiathar, b. 14 Aug:. 1804, m. Harriet Ilapgood of Barre, pub. 5 Nov. 1831, and d. at Barre 6 May 1877; Manj, b. 17 Ap. 1816; Henry H., b. 5 Oct. 1817; and prob. three more by first wife, who was said to be the mother of eighteen children. IMosES the f. was a farmer, res. on the homestead, and d. 12 Oct. 183G; his w. Sophia d. in 1848. 6. Joshua, s. of Ebenezer (4), m. Lucinda, dau. of INIoses Lawrence, 15 Oct. 1812, and had Lucinda, b. 1813, ni. Erastus W. Paige 2 May, 1833, and d. 18 Mar. 1849. Joshua the f. was a farmer and lieutenant of cavalry; res. on the homestead, and d. 22 Mar. 1814; his w. Lucinda d. 30 Mar. 1856, a. 70. 7. ]\IosES, s. of Ivfoses (5), m. Maria Howe of Barre, pub. 8 Feb. 1819, and had Aaron, b. 14 Feb. 1820 ; Charles Emory, b. 13 July 1824, d. (drowned) 9 Aug. 1845; Hannah Maria, b. 11 Ap. 1827, m. John Y. Ellsworth 1 May 1849, and d. 15 Sep. 1856. Moses the f. res. near the Barre line, at the place marked '• M. Lawrence, Jr.," on the R. iNLip. 8. HiUAM, s. of Moses (5), m. Almira Hale, pub. 26 Nov. 1827; she d. 10 Sep. 1850, a. 44, and he m. Emily Whitney of Clinton, pub. 17 June 1851. His chil. were: Samuel Edmunds, b. 15 July 1829; Charles Elnathan, b. 15 Oct. 1830; Perley Hale, b. 12 July 1832; Hiram Henry, b. 24 Sep. 1834; Elvira Lucrelia, h. 28 May 1837, d. 3 Feb. 1838; Lucius W, b. 1842, d. 14 May 1848, a. 6; Moses Johnson, b. 8 Nov. 1844, d. 8 Sep. 1845; E77wry J., b. 26 Jan. 1848, d. 16 Feb. 1848. 9. Aarox. s. of Moses (7), m. Mary A. Perry 27 Dec. 1843, and had George Howe, b. 24 Dec. 1844. Aarox the f. d. at Worcester 9 Mar. 1859. 10. Francis, by w. Sophia, had Mary, b. 15 Oct. 18G5. Ebenezer, perhaps Ebenezer (2), was pub. to Jemima Shurtleff of Plymp- ton 30 Sep. 17 76. George F., of Cornplanter, Pa., m. Josephine H. Barthol- omew 1 Oct. 1870. Lawton, John, of " Suffield, had James, Benedicta, Mary, and perhaps others, d. 19 Dec. 1C90, and his wid. Benedicta d. 18 Nov. 1692." Savage's Gen. Diet. 2. James, s. of John (1), of Suffield, "had Jacob, who was several years representative, and, from caprice, adopted in his business as a lawyer the name of Christo/)her Jacob.'" Savage's Gen. Diet. He had also a son James. Both the sons rem. to Leicester in 1735. 3. James, s. of James (2), had son Jeimes, and perhaps others. He -was a saddjer, and after 1735 i*es. in Leicester. No record is found of births or deaths of his family. 4. James, s. of James (3), prob. b. in SufHeld about 1714, went with his father to Leicester, where he m. Mary Earl 1 July 1741; she d. and he m. Jo- anna, dau. of Richard Clark of Watertown, 16 Nov. 1746 ; she d. at Hk. 31 July 1759, a. 41, and he m. Mrs. Temperance Fuller, of Rut. Dist. (Barre), pub. 14 June 1772. His chil. were: James, b. 22 Sep. 1747; Clark, b. about 1749; Ja- 412 LAWTON". coh, b. about 1752; John, bap. 28 July 1754; Israel, bap. 12 Feb, 1758. Jamks the f. was a saddler, rem. from Leicester to Hk. about 1752, bought the farm of Experience Johnson on the easterly road to Gilbertville, marked " J. Lawton " on the R. Map, and d. there 24 Sep. 1787, a. 73; a head-stone of peculiar appearance, in the southerly part of the old cemetery, marks the spot where he and his wife Joanna, the mother of his children, were buried. 5. James, s. of James (4), m. Mary Raymond 3 Jan. 1771, and had Pliny, b. 29 July 1771; James, b. 24 Ap. 1773, d. young; Joanna, b. 7 Feb. 1775, m. Jude Kimball 25 Aug. 1793; Relief, b. 30 June 1777, m. Abijah Lathrop of Rutland, Vt., 22 Feb. 1801 ; James, b. 18 Aug. 1781 ; Marj/, b. 18 Oct. 1783, m. Nathan Weeks 12 Ap. 1807 ; Livij, b. about 1785 ; Almira, b. — Nov. 1788, bap. 28 June 1789, d. 18 Feb. 1790 ; Franklin, bap. 22 Aug. 1790 ; Dwight Fos- ter, bap. IG June 1793, res. in the State of New York. Jamks the f. was a far- mer and res. on the homestead ; he marched with the " minute-men " in April 1775, was adjutant to Col. Timothy Paige, in opposition to the Shays Insur- rection, a licensed retailer in 1778, innholder 1779, a deputy sheriff several years, coroner 1803, and d. 1 Jan. 1804 ;i his w. Mary m. Major James Paige 22 Mar. 1807. 6. Clark, s. of James (4), m. Joanna Cook of Amherst, pub. 20 Sep. 1774, and had Martin, b. 19 Jan. 1776 ; Hannah, bap. 27 Mar. 1782; and in Amh., Chester, bap. 15 Aug. 1784; James, bap. 14 June 1789; Joanna, bap. 1 May 1790. Clark the f. was a saddler, res. a few rods south of the Common, at the place marked " W. Mandell " on the R. Map, but rem. to Amherst before the 15th of August 1784. His subsequent history is not ascertained. 7. Jacob, s. of James (4), m. Susanna Foster of Ware, pub. IG Nov. 1777; she d. at Barnard, Vt., 27 Nov. 1819, a. 64, and he m. Mrs. Anna Sabin 14 Dec. 1820. His chil. were : Christopher Jacob, b. 2 Oct. 1778, m, Polly Sabin at Barnard, Vt., 20 Sep. 1802; John, b. 14 Aug. 1780, grad. Mid. Coll. 1805, was a teacher at Pougbkeepsie and Salem, N. Y.. pastor of the church at Wind- ham, Vt., 1809-19, and at Hillsborouoh, N. H,, 1819-34, afterwards mis- sionary in Illinois, and d. at Newport, N, H., 17 Ap, 1842; Joseph, b. 5 Feb. 1784, d. at Bar, 15 Oct. 1807; Ci/rus, b. 10 Ap. 1786, m. at Bar., Deborah, dau, of Prince Haskell, 6 Sep, 1807, and d, there 16 Jan, 1817; and in Bar- nard, Susamia, b. 5 Aug. 1788; Joanna, b. 4 Jan. 1793 ; Lydia, b. 14 June 1795. Jacob the f. rem. to Barnard, Vt., about 1787, and d. there 23 Aug. 1836, a. 84 ; his w. Anna d. 2 Aug. 1831, a, 76. The graves of Mr. Lawton and his two wives are in the southeasterly part of the central burial-place in Barnard. 8. John, s. of James (4), m. Sarah Healy of Dudley, and had Lucinda, b. about 1791, d. unm, 22 Dec. 1819, a, 28; John, h. about 1792; ThMotia, b. about 1794, m. Crighton Ruggles 21 Nov. 181 G, and d. s. p. 27 June 1817, a. 23 ; Sarah, b. about 1796, d. unm. 5 May 1821, a. 24; Sanford and Danforth, twins, b. 11 Dec, 1798. John the f. was a farmer, and lieutenant of cavalry; he res. in Dudley and Charlton from the time of his marriage until about 1807, when he rem. to Hk. with his whole family, and bought the homestead for- merly occupied by his father and by his brother James. Late in life he rem. to Monson, where he d. 4 Ap. 1842, a. 88 ; his w. Sarah d. " near the same time," a. 76, " and was buried with him in the same grave." ]\IS. Letter. 9. Israel, s, of James (4), by w, Catherine, had Pollj/:h. 13 Ap, 1782. So says the record. He then m. Dolly, dau. of Elisha Billings, 26 Aug. 1784, and rem. to Wilmington, Vt., where he had Charlotte, h. 28 Nov. 1784; Mersi- loa, h. 25 May 1788; Harriet, b, 22 Ap, 1790; Dency, b, 14 Jan. 1792; Dul- cena, b. 4 Feb. 1796; Israel, b. 10 Feb. 1798; James, b. 30 Nov. 1799. Israel the f. was a sergeant in the Revolutionary Army 1780, and a representative of Wilmington in the General Assembly of Vermont in 1801 and 1802. He d. at Wilm. 26 Sep. 1844, a. about 87 ; his w. Dolly d. 12 Feb. 1816, a. 52. 1 At the time of his decease, INIr, Lawton Grand Master of Masons in Massachusetts, was IMaster of Mount Zion Lodge, and his and other representatives of the Grand funeral was conducted witli public Masonic Lodge were present, ceremouies, at which Isaiah Thomas, the LAWTON — LEONARD. 413 10. Pliny, s. of James (5), m. Polly, dau. of George Field, 22 Feb. 1801, and had Elulheni Field, b. 10 July 1802, m. Rev. George Stone of Sandgate, Vt., 10 July 18^1 ; Plim/, b. 29 Dec. 1804; James, b. 1 Oct. 1807, m. MaryL. Nich- ols of Brinifield, pub. 26 Feb. 1835; Lucius, h. 2 Jan. 1812, m. Susan Clark 3 Ap. 1834 ; Laura Lnraine, h. 10 July 1816, d. unm. 5 June 1837. Pliny the f. was a farnuT, for several years a member of the school committee, and res. near Gilbertviile, at the place marked •' P. Lawton " on the R. Map. About 1838 he rem. to Patterson, N. J. 11. Jamks, s. of James (5),m. Patty Wilson 12 Ap. 1804, and had James Clark, b. 20 Sep. 1805. James the f. res. on the homestead, but early rem. from the town. 12. LiVY, s, of James (5), m. Mary, dau. of Maj. JNIoses Mandell, 5 Feb. 1810, and had Algernon Sidney, b. about 1811, d. 11 jNIar. 1828, a. 17. LivY the f. was a merchant in Rutland, Vt., at the time of his marriage ; afterwards kept a hotel at Saratoga ; he d. at Keene, N. H., when on a journey, in June 1824 ; liis w. returned here and d. 5 Aug. 1874, a. nearly 88. 13. John, s. of John (8), m. Mary Dwiglit of Warren, pub. 24 Jan. 1820, and had William B.,h. 29 Ap. 1821 ; Mara Ann, b. 1 Sep. 1823, m. Brainnard T. Brewer of Wilbraham 11 Sep. 1844 ; Mariha M., b. 25 Aug. 1825, m. Wil- liam P. Ruggles 22 Feb. 1846; Emibj P., b. 12 Aug. 1829 ; Eliza June, b. 14 Nov. 1832, m. George C. Howard 16 May 1850; Ellen Frances, bap. 28 Dec. 1838. John the f. was a farmer, and caj)tain of cavalry ; he res. on the home- stead, rem. to Willjraham about 1851, and d. 16 Nov. 1854, a. 62. 14. Saxfori), s. of John (8), grad. Y. C. 1825, studied for the ministry, and appears to have been ordained, but devoted himself to teaching in schools of high grade at Dudley, Monson, Springfield, and Long Meadow. He ra. , and had Manj Ann, who d. unm. 22 Nov. 1870, a. 40; Sanford, grad. Y. C. 1852, a physician in Springf., where he d. 23 July 1882, a. 50; Jolni William, a physician in Syracuse, N. Y''. Sanford the f. rem. from Lono- Meadow to Springf. in 1874, and d. 7 Nov. LS.S2. Jn the notice of his death it is stated tliat "his wife died in 1878, and his four children are all dead." My etibrts to obtain a more full account of this family have been unsuccessful. 15. Danforth, s. of John (8), entered Williams College, but did not com- plete his course. He res. in Wilia'aham, and was living unm. in 1882. Leach, Lemuel, m. Rebecca "Washburn 12 Oct. 176 7, and had Oliver, b. at Bridge water 3 June 1768, and bap. at Hk. 1 Nov. 1772; Matilila, b. at Hk. 2 Mar. 17 70; Rebecca, b. 25 Mar. 1773; Lemuel, b. 2 July 1775, d. at Sliutes- bury 26 Ap. 1860; Stephen, b. 13 Nov. 1777; and at Wendell, Gardner, Bar- nabas, Lewis, and Arlemas. Lemuel the f. was s. of Stephen, and b. at Bridgewater in 1745, rem. to Hk. in 1769, and thence to Wendell about 17 78, having served, in 1776, as an ensign in tlie Revolutionary AVar. Legate, Charles, by w. Maria, had Charles F., b. — jNIar. 1840, d. 29 Nov. 1840: a son, b. 19 Feb. 1844; a son, b. 3 Ajj. 1847; Edwin Orlando, b. 10 July 1849. 2. Francis, s. of Charles and Abigail, and prob. brother of Charles (1), b. in 1817, m. Jane R. Peck 2 June 184 7, and had Francis Augustus, h. 14 Feb. 1854 ; Lizzie June, h. 23 Dec. 185C, d. 30 Nov. 1858. 3. Augustus F. (called Francis Augustus in the record of birth), s. of Fran- cis (2), m. Ida F. Fldridge 26 Oct. 18 76, and had Theron F., h. 4 June 1878. Henry A., s. of Charles and Martha, d. at Rowe, 14 Jan. 1878, a. 56. Leonard, Moses, m. INIercy, dau. of Moses Newton (and sister of Deac. Josiah Newton), by whom he had Moses, b. 1 Nov. 17U6; Ezra, b. 19 Sep. 1711 ; Merc//, b. 1 Dec. 1714, m. Samuel Robinson 29 May, 1732; and by second wife Hannah he had Jowas, b. 19 Oct. 1717; Moses the f. res. in Marl- borough (where his chil. were born), Southborough, Brookfield, Rutland, Barre, and for a short period in Hardwick. He d. in extreme old a^e. 2. Ezra, s. of. Moses (1), m. Olive, dau. of Benjamin Smith, 1 June 1737, and had Sarah, b. 7 jNLir. 1739, d. 15 Sep. 1746; Benjamin, b. 5 Aug. 1741, d. 7 Sep. 1746; Nathan, h. 25 Sep. 1743; Merci/, b. 3 Feb. 1746, d. 19 Sep. 1746; David, b. 30 July, 174 7, res. at Cummington, m. Hannah Whipple 15 414 LEONARD — LOCKE. Feb. 1773; Levi,h. 10 Oct. 1749; Sarah, twin, b. 8 Sep. 1751, m. Samuel Whipple 30 Mar. 1775; Merc//, twin, b. 8 Sep. 1751, m. Jonathan Flvnt of Western (Warren) 18 June 1772; Olive, b. 1 Nov. 1753, m. Timothy Fay 23 Mar. 1775; Ezra, b. 2 Nov. 1757. Ezra the f. was in Brk. 1735, but rem. to Hk. before June 1737, and res. in the westerly part of the town, at the place marked " D. Utley " on the R. Map. He was a farmer, selectman four years, and assessor in 1760. In 1757 he was ension of Capt. Joseph Warner's com- pany, whii'h marched for the relief of Fort William Henry. In his old age he rem. to Wilbraham, with his son-in-law Flynt, and d. 29 June 1798; his w. Olive d. 16 Feb. 1798, a. 83. 3. Nathan, s. of Ezra (2), m. Amittai, dau. of David Cutler of Lexington, 26 Nov. 1766, and had Joseph, b. 24 Oct. 1767; Molli/, h. 7 Feb. 1770; Na- than, b. 17 July 1772; Benjamin, b. 23 Oct. 1774; Luther, h. 20 Ap. 1777. Nathan the f. was a cordwainer, and captain of militia. He was a member of the company of " minute-men " which promptly responded to the summons on the 19th of April, 1775, and served his country in the year 1778 as captain in Col. Nathaniel Wade's regiment. 4. Ezra, s. of Ezra (2), m. Abia Allen 23 Oct. 1781 ; and prob. m. (2d) Lucy Seaver, pub. 5 July 1807, He had dau. Joanna, b. 9 Aug. 1783; and jierhaps others. 5. Hiram W., parentage not ascertained, m. Huldah S. Billings 23 Feb. 1834, and had William Henry, b. 29 Jan. 1844; a daughter, b. 3 Oct. 1851; and perhaps also Carrie R., who m. Warren T. Tolman of Dana 18 Ap. 1866. Beulah, of Rut., m. Amos Marsh, pub. 16 July 175 7. Prudexck, of Taun- ton, m. Capt. Israel Trow, pub. 1 Ap. 1811. Alvira, of N. Sal, m. Pliny Clifford, pub. 11 June 1825. Hope C, m. Samuel Pike of Tolland, Conn., 3 Nov. 1831. Eliza, m. Orestes S. Thayer of Dana 22 Dec. 1867. Widow Persis, d. 28 Mar. 1845, a. 73. Lincoln, Samuel, by w. Mehetabel, had Eoxana, b. 27 Feb. 1788; Emer- son, b. 2 Nov. 1789; Obed, b. 15 Ap. 1792. 2. Burt, by wife Mary, had George Burt, b. 25 Aug. 1817; Marietta, b. 17 Sep. 1820, m. Nehemiah Conkey 28 Nov. 1844. Burt the f. was a cooper, rem. here from Pet. in 1817, res. on the Barre road at the place marked "Mr. Lincoln " on the R. Map, and d. 14 Dec. 1866, a. 81; his w. Mary d. 2 May 1857, a, 66. 3. Joseph N., m. Abbie Jane, dau. of Gardner Bartholomew, and formerly w. of Charles L. Trow, 12 May 1870, and had Mabel Caroline, b. 11 Feb. 1871; Joseph Gardner, b. 18 Oct. 1876; Waldo Chandler, b. 1 Sep. 1878. Joseph N. the f., a carpenter and insurance agent, res. in the Old Furnace village. Seth, of Western, m. Lucy, dau. of Deac. Christopher Paige, 10 Oct. 1751. Chloe, m. Perez Rice 8 Ap. 1779. Betsey, m. Robert Sprout, 17 Sep. 1781. Lucy, late of, Abington, m. Sylvanus Brimhall 3 July 1810. Fanny, of Western (Warren), m. Joseph Paige 23 Ap. 1816. Mrs. Hannah C, dau. of Stephen Chandler, Rochester, Vt., d. 24 Mar. 1873, a. 81. Locke, Josiah, by w. Persis, had in Westborough, Catherine, b. 31 Aug. 1760, m. Amos AVheeler; John, b. 11 Nov. 1763, m. Phebe Matthews; in Leicester, Persis, b. 13 July 1766, m. George Jenkins, and d. s. p. 1844; Jo- siah, b. 14 Feb. 1768, m. Elizabeth Ilartwell 1791; and in Hardwick, Hannah, b. 26 Aug. 1770, m. Elijah Easton 1793; Hepzibah, b. 16 Aug. 1772, ra. Oliver Perry; Fanny, b. 4 Sep. 1775, m. Silas Hamilton 3 Ap. 1803; Ira, b. 14 Nov. 1777, m. Persis Hamilton — Nov. 1800. Josiah the f. was b. at Westborough 6 Feb. 1735, and was s. of Joshua, and a descendant from Deac. William Locke of Woburn. He m. Persis Matthews of New Braintree, who d. at Litchfield, N. Y., 21 Ap. 1839, reputed to have attained the extraordinary age of 103 years, 5 months, and 7 days, having had 8 chil., 67 gr. chil., 147 gr. gr. chil., and 32 of the fourth generation. Captain Locke rem. from West- borough to Leicester about 1765, to Hardwick about 1768, to Wilmington, Vt., about 1779, where he was a justice of the peace, and finally to Litchfield, N. Y., where he d. 18 Ap. 1819, a. 84. This sketch is condensed from a more LOCKE — MANDELL. 415 full account in the " Book of the Lockes," which represents Captain Locke as a storekeeper in Hardwick. It may be added, that he was an assessor in 1774, lieutenant of the '* minute-men," and marched with them to Cambridge on the memorable 19th of April, 1775, but did not enter the regular service. He was commissioned as captain of a company of militia in Hk. 31 May 1776. Luce, Experikxce, res. near Bari'e, at the place marked " N. Kichmond " on the R. Map, m. Anna Lawrence 30 Nov. 1769, and had Anna Drusil/a (d. 3 Feb. 1803, a. 17), Apollos, and Pattij, all bap. 29 Aug. 1794. Of these, Apollos was lieutenant of militia, and m. Mercy Childs of Barre, pub. 30 Oct. 1808; and Anna, prob. m. Benjamin Padden of Kingsboro, N. Y., 28 Dec. 1806. As no other record is found of births or deaths in this family, my account is necessarily very imperfect. 2. Mayo, prob. s. of Experience (1), m. Joanna, dau. of Stephen Gorhani, I July 1793, then res. in Pet., but soon rem. to Barre, where he had ten chil., all baptized here, to wit: Arteynas, Gamaliel, Calvin, Anson, Horace, all bap. 25 Jan. 1803; Drusilla, bap. 4 Sep. 1803; Anna, bap. 22 June 1806 ; Eluathan Gorham, and Lyndon, both bap. 10 Oct. 1811; and a dau. named Emera, baj). II June 1815. PitUDExcE, m. Noah Rice of Barre, 30 Aug. 1781. Sally, m. Lemuel French, pub. 30 Mar. 1789. «Jane, m. David Gorham 8 Aug. 1791. Rhoda, m. Moses Ruggles, 25 Jan. 1798. Jemima, m. Ii'a Draper, pub. 28 July 1822. Lyscom, JEiiEXEZER, m. Mary Hooker 8 Oct. 17G4, and had Samuel, b. 30 Nov 1765 ; Persis, b. 19 Mar. 1772. Mary the mother d. 16 May 1797, a. 57. Maccoye, William, by w. Mary, had Hannah, bap. 4 June 1738; Beulah, bap. 24 ]May 1741. William the f. was perhaps the same who m. Tabilha Fay of Sturbridge, pub. 20 Oct. 1 744. He was prob. a carpenter, an assessor in 1 737, and seems to have i-em. and d. before 7 Mar. 1 747-8, when it was voted to raise fifty pounds old tenor, "to maintain Hannah Maccoye sent to this town for that intent." She was the first pauper named on the records, re- mained chargeable until 1765, and is supposed to have been dau. of William. jNIary, m. Benjamin Warren 29 May 1744. McEvoY, Patrick, m. Ann Fehan 12 Feb. 1872. AIahax, Michael, m. Ellen Carney 3 Mar. 1867, and had Daniel, b. 19 Sep. 1870; John Patrick, b. 22 Dec. 1876. Maxdell, Johx (or jMendall, as the name was formerly written, and still is written in Bristol and Plymouth counties), res. in Marshfield, was a roj)e- maker, and executed a will 10 May 1711, being then "aged and weak in body," which was proved 8 Feb. 1720. He devised to his son John, one shilling, having previously provided for him; to "grandson Francis Crooker all my rope-making tools that I do use in or about the making of ropes after I have done using them myself;" and the remainder of his estate to his daughters, Mercy Tinkum, Sarah Torry, Hannah Tilden, and Ruth Doty. 2. Johx, s. of John'^l), m. Joanna, dau. of Richard Standlake of Scituate, and had in Rochester, John, b. 15 Dec. 1688; Joanna, h. 13 May 1690 ; Moses , b. 24 Mar. 1695. John the f. was a farmer, res. in Rochester, and executed his will 6 June 1738, proved 14 July 1743, dii'ecting his " body to be decently buried by my executor after named, and my son John to be at the charge of it, in consideration of what I have given him by deed ; " specific legacies of personal estate are bequeathed to dau. Joanna, and son Moses, who is named as executor. 3. Moses, s. of John (2), res. in Rochester, 1715, in Falmouth 1725, and in that part of Dartmouth now Acushnet, 1 740 ; he was successively styled " house carpenter," " drover," " innholder," "dealer," and " gentleman "; he d. at Dartm. 18 May 1746, and his sons Lemuel and Paul were appointed ad- ministrators 27 July 1746. His real estate, valued at 1200 pounds, was divided in 1748 between his widow Susanna, and children Lemuel (or Lamuel, as he seems generally to have written his name), Noah ^ (who was here in 1 756, 1 " We hear that on the 20th ult. a daiigliter about 13 years of age, intending to take a of Mr. Noah Mandeli, of liutland District, dose of brimstone (her parents being from 416 MANDELL. and (1. in Barre in 1800 or 1801), Paul, Susanna Bailey, Hannah Weaver, Jo- anna Nichols, and Mary, unmarried. 4. Paul, s. of Moses (3), m. Susanna, dau. of Rev. Timothy Ruggles of Rochester, 8 Feb. 1746-7, and had Hannah, b. at Dartmouth 10 or 20 Jan. 1747-8, ni. Gen. Jonathan Warner 5 Feb. 17GG; Susanna, b. here 16 Nov. 1749, m. John Stone 12 May 1768, and d, at Dana 28 July 1844; Moses, b. 16 Dec. 1751; Paul, b. 31 Oct. 1753, m. INIary Briggs of Pet. 28 Nov. 1776, res. in Athol; his inventory was presented by his son Barnabas 25 Mar. 1807; Barnabas, b. 1 Dec. 1755, d. 2 May 1758; Marij,h. 3 Oct. 1759, m. John Doty 19 Sep. 1779. Paul the f. changed the orthography of his name from Mendall to Mandell, was a " shopkeeper "in Dartm. until the spring of 1749, when he rem. to Hk., having purchased the valuable farm notable for its immense extent of stone wall, which still remains in possession of his pos- terity ; his house stood on the old turnpike, at the place marked " ]\I. Man- dell " on the R. Map. He was a very active, energetic, and useful citizen. He was captain of militia, and led his company in the expedition against Crown Point from 20 Sep. to 12 Nov. 1756 (his brother Noah being promoted from the office of ensign to that of lieutenant on the 29th of October), and a second campaign in 1758, after the surrender of " Fort AVilliam Henry." At the commencement of the Revolution, when the militia was reorganized, as recommended by the Convention at Worcester,^ he was again elected captain 22 Sep. 1774, and was commissioned as brigade major 13 Mar. 1778. He was a selectman eleven years, between 1756 and 17 75, assessor thirteen years, between 1751 and 17 75, town clerk 17 70, representative 1773, 1774, delegate to the first and second Provincial Congress 1774, 1775, was appointed justice of the peace by the revolutionary government 25 Seji. 1775, and held that office many years, being generally designated "Squire Mandell." He d. 16 Sep. 1809, a. 86; his w. Susanna d. 16 Dec. 1813, a. nearly 92. 5. Moses, s. of Paul (4), m. Mary, dau. of Capt. Daniel Wheeler, 28 May 1777; she d. 20 Ap. 1782, and he m. Abigail, dau. of John Mason, Esq., of Barre, pub. 22 Dec. 1782. His chil. were : Daniel, b. 27 Oct. 1783; Martin, b. 20 July 1785; Mart/, h. 20 Nov. 1786, m. Livy Lawtou 5 Feb. 1810; and d. here 5 Aug. 1874; Sidney, b. 4 July 1788, m. Eliza, dau. of David Jones of Boston, 27 Dec. 1812, res. in Boston, had chil., among whom was David J. of Athol, in early life a clergyman; Mason, b. 4 Mar. 1790, res. in Ban-e, where he m. , had chil., and d. 4 July 1825 ; Abigail, b. 13 Mar. 1792, m. Elijah Utley of Boston, 25 Sep. 1820, and d. 13 Mar! 1834 ; 3Ioses, h. 1 Dec. 1793, res. at Dorchester and afterwards at Barre, where he d. 3 Sep. 1866, leaving posterity: Walter, b. 16 Dec. 1796; Clara, b. 3 Oct. 1799, m. Ebenezer Jones, of Augusta, Me., pub. 11 Ap. 1825, and is still living, a widow, in 1883. Moses the f. was a farmer, and inherited the homestead. He was aid- de-camp to his brother-iu-law, ]\Iaj. Gen. Warner, before Dec. 1782, probably in 1781, and was thenceforth known as "Major Mandell." He was selectman six years, between 1785 and 1817, and assessor seven years, between 1801 and 1819. He d. 18 June 1826 ; his w. Abigail d. 6 (or 7) Aug. 1840, a. 82. 6. Daniel, s. of Moses (5), m. Eliza Patrick 30 Ap. 180 7, and had Martha Eliza, b. 10 June 1808; Delphia Maria, b. 23 Feb. 1810, m. A. W. Seaver of Northborough; William Andrew, b. 13 July 1811, grad. A. C. 1838, pastor of the church in Lunenburg, and elsewhere, now res. in Cambridge; Moses John- son, b. 14 Ap. 1813; infant b. , d. 22 Ap. 1815; Mary Ann, b. 29 Mar. 1816, d. unm. 10 Aug. 1839; Thaddeus Sobieski, b. 15 Feb. 1820, a merchant in Boston, d. 23 June 1882; George, b. about 1822, d. unm. at Lunenburg 23 May 1861, a. 39. Daniel the f. was a farmer, and lieutenant of militia; he res. on the road to Barre, at the place marked " Mr. Haven " on the R. Map, and d. 26 June 1822. home), through a mistake took from a shelf four and five o'clock in the morniug and some copperas, and took about a spoonful in expired in about five minutes." Mass. Spy, milk; soon after complaining, a physician 6 i'eb. 1772. being sent for, and an emetic immediately i Journal of Each Provincial Congress, given, she was thought to be in a fair way p. 643. of recovery; but was again taken between MANDELL — MANLY. 417 7. jMautix, s. of Closes (5), m. Pliila, dan. of Joel INTarsli, pub. 18 Sep. 1808, and had Delphia, h. 25 Dec. 1810, d. uiim. 19 May 1832 ; Elbrldge, b. 8 Ap. 1812; Ilmri/, b. 12 Jan. 1.S14, rem. to Ohio; Charles, b. 7 Jan. i.Sl6; Harriet,]}. 24 Oct. 1818, d. 27 Feb. 1S21 ; Joel Diright,h. G Nov. 1820; Phi/a, h. 5 Ap. 1824, m. Dr. Jason B. Thomas of Pahuer (now Thorndike) 17 Ap. 1850. Mahtix the f. was a farmer, a captain of militia, and inherited the homestead; he was selectman in 1825, and d. 12 Sep. 1855; his w. Fhila d. 14 Feb. 1879, a. 91. 8. Walter, s. of Moses (5), m. Julia Ann Freeman of Oakham, pub. 15 Dec. 1828; she d. 29 Sep. 1833, a. 29, and he m. Olive P. Whitin. Peter Newport of Hatfield, pub. 23 l\Iay 1779. Simon, of Barre, m. ^lary ]\lorgan 24 July 1785. Susanna, m. Timothy Paine, "col- ored," of Boston, puo. 24 Ap. 1822. Judith, m. Luther Barber of Hartford, Conn., 25 Ap. 1824. Olmstead, Jabez, of Brookfield, m. Thankful, dau. of Thomas Barnes, and had Thankful, b. 15 Feb, 1712-13, perhaps the same who m. Joseph Rlac- mitchell 21 Jan. 1756; Jeremiah, h. 6 Jan. 1714-15; Israel, h. 24 Mar. 171G; Hannah, b. 22 Ap. 1718, ni. Judah Marsh 4 Nov. 1736; Martha, b. 16 Sep. 432 OLMSTEAD — PADDLEFORD. 1721, m. Thomas I-Ianimond 21 Aug. 1741; Dorcas, b. 15 Ap. 1724, m. Beiioni Walcott 13 Oct. 1741; SaraJi, b. 24 J\Iay 172G, m. Epliraim Mav.sb 8 Oct. 1741; Silence, h. 30 Oct. 1728; Abigail, b. 24 Mar. 1731 ; Priuhnce, b. 28 Oct. 1733; Moses, b. 20 Jan. 1 736. All these births and marriages are recorded in Brook- field. Jabkz the f. is supposed to have removed into the territory which after- wards became a part of Ware about 1729, " and to have made the first pei'- manent settlement " there, and erected a house in the village, near the present location of the Bank, which Avas standing in 1821. " Tradition represents Capt. Olmstead to have been a man of great shrewdness and energy, and that Indian blood ran in his veins. He was a mighty hunter, and is said to have been an officer in the expedition against Louisbourg, upon the island of Cape Breton, in I 745." ^ 2. Israel, s. of Jabez (1), m. Sarah Banister 12 May 1737; she d. , and he m. Anna Safford 25 Nov. 175G. Two of his chil. were bap. here, — Joseph, 2.S Ap. 1751; Israel, 4 June 1758. Iskael the f. was a soldier in the Fi'ench War, and prob. rem. to ^Varwick about 1761. 3. JNIosES, s. of Jabez (1), by w. Abigail, had Jabez, h. 4 June 17G0; Moses, b. 20 June 1762. Orcutt, Almon M., m. Mary Ann, dau. of Theophilus Knight, 16 Oct. 1850, and had Lucretia IF., b. 31 Dec. 1851, m. Charles J. Kellogg of Orange 20 Jan. 1874; Effie Miner, b. 11 Dec. 1853, d. 24 May 1857; Robert Bliss, h. 27 Mar. 1861, d."31 July 1862; Emetine Bahcock, b. 9 Jan. 1863; May Mitchell, b. 25 Nov. 1870. Almon M. the f. was b. in Cummington, and established himself here, as a physician, soon after the death of Dr. Joseph Stone in 1849; he still continues in a very successful practice. He was town clerk in 1858, representative in 1874, and has served the town several years as treasurer, col- lector, and a member of the school committee. He res. near the south end of the Common. Jonathan, of Shutesbury, m. Mary Nye 17 Aug. 17 79. Sophia, of Tem- pleton, m. Charles C. Chamberlain, pub. 21 Aug. 1808. Claudius B., of Amh., m. Mary G. Ellis 5 Nov. 1839. \Vidow Alice, of Athol, d. 8 Aug. 1842, a. 70. OsBORN, Levi G., m. Candace Rawson of Oraiige, pub. 4 Feb. 1847, and had Levi Arthur, b. 31 Aug. 1859. Polly, m. Benjamin Sumner 10 Oct. 1816. Packard, Eleazar, had w. Mercy, who was adni.' to the church, by letter, 3 July 1768; she d. , and he m. Mary AVoodbary 9 June 1769. Two of his chil. were Daniel, bap. 28 July 1765; Merci/, bap. 31 Oct. 1768. J^eah, of Bel., m. ApoUos.Snow, j^ub. 14 July 1794. Alvaii, m. Fanny Fisk 4 Dec. 1820. Paddlefokd, Jonathan (otherwise written Paddlefoot, Padlefoote, Padl- foote, and recently Padelfoid), m. Mary Blanford 5 Oct. 1652, and had Jona- than, b. 6 July, and d. 29 Oct. 1653; Mary, b. 22 Aug. 1654; Jonathan, b. 13 Aug. 1656; Zechariah, b. 16 Dec. 165 7, d. in Framingham 7 July 1737; Edward, b. 14 June 1660, " slayn in the wars." Jonathan the f. res. in Cambridge, and d. in 1661 ; his w. Mary m. Thomas Fames, rem. to Sudbury, and thence to Framingham, where she had five chil., and was killed by the Indians 1 Feb. 1675-6. 2. Jonathan, s. of Jonathan (1), m. Hannah Flint of Braintree, had only child Jonathan, b. at Br. 1679 ; he afterwards rem. to Taunton, and d. there iu 1710. 3. Jonathan, s. of Jonathan (2), res. in Taunton, where, by w. Hannah, he had Jonathan, b. 1708, d. 1750; Zechariah, b. 1710, d. 1765; Edward, b. 1712, d. 1800; Hannah, b. ni5;_John, b. 1720, d. 1758; Philip, b. 1722; Peleg, b. 1728, d. 1812; Judith, b. 1730; Sarah, b. 1732; Abigail, b. 1734. 4. John, s. of Jonathan (3), res. in Taunton, and by w. Jemima had John, b. 1748 ; Seth, b. 1751 ; Jemima, b. 1755, ni. Hewitt. 1 Hyde's Address, delivered at the Openinq of the New Town Ilall, Ware, Mass., March _ 31, 1847, pp. 4G, 47. PADDLEFORD— PAIGE. 433 5. Joiix. s. of John (4), m. Bathslieba, dun. of Dr. Tobey of New Redford, and had Sophia, h. 22 Feb. 1770, m. Benjamin Cooper; John, b. G Aug. 1771 (by w. _Mary had six sons, of whom the yoiinszest, Seth, b. 1807, was a merchant in Providence, Governor of lllioiU', Island, and d. 26 Aug. 1878; EUtiha, b. 1!) Dec. 17 72, "left his widowed mother, a poor boy, to seek his living; shipped as cabin boy, and went to France; worked his way, by studious and hon- orable habits, up to a lieutenancy in the French navy, and d. in that service ; " Harriet, b. 13 Oct. 1774. m. Capt. Nathaniel Crane; William, b. 2S May 177G; Joseph, h. 1778. Jonx the f., b. 1748, grad. Y. C. 1768, "studied medicine with Dr. Tobey of New Bedford, and commenced practice in Ilk., where all his ehil. were born, except Jo.-icph, and where he was an active patriot at the commencement of the llevolutionary War. He res. at the place marked " Mr. Wesson " on the R. Map. He " was skilful in his profession, entered the navy as a surgeon, was taken prisoner, and d. at St. Kustasie, 1779, when about to be exchanged. . . . He was a man of vigorous intellect, upright morals, and j)rofound patriotism." ^ 6. Setii, s. of John (4), b. 17.^1, grad. Y. C. 1770, and received the degree of LL. D. from B. U. 1798. He commenced the practice of the law in Hk., where he was a member of the Committee of Correspondence in 17 74 and 1 7 75, and generally active in the Revolutionary struggle. He rem. to Taunton about 1778, was judge of probate, and, though not eminent as an advocate, was confessedly at the head of the bar as a counsellor. He m. Rebecca Dennis, had four sons and seven daughters, and d. of apoplexy 7 Jan. 1810. Paigk, Nathaniel, m. Joanna , and had Nathaniel, b. about 1679; Elizabeth, h. pi'ob. about 1081, m. John Simpkins of Boston 28 Dec. 169.S, had three children, and pi'ob. d. before 1735, when her husband sold her paternal inheritance, and her concurrence in the sale does not appear in the deed; Sarah, h. prob. about 1683, m. Samuel Hill, Jr., of Billerica, 7 Jan. 1698-9, had six children, and d. 30 Ap. 1758 (her only son, Samuel, m. widow Abigail Dunton, dau. of Thomas Richardson, and d. 26 Jan. 1748-9, leaving only one child, Abiel or Abigail, who m. Samuel Kidder); James, bap. at Roxbury 28 Nov. 1686, d. 31 July 1687; Christopher, b. at Billerica (now Bedford), 6 Feb. 1690-1. Nathaniel the f. is supposed to have come from England to Roxbury about 1685, with w. and three children. The earliest trace which I have found of his presence in New England is contained in his deposition recorded with Suilblk Deeds (xiii. 470), that on the 10th of March 16.S5-6 he saw Joseph Dudley, Esq., take peaceable possession of certain real estate in Billerica on behalf of "Daniel Cox of Aldersgate Street, London." On the organization, of the government, -2 June 1686, after the abrogation of the first Charter, he was appointed by President Joseph Dudley one of the two marshals (equivalent to sheriffs) of Suffolk County; and it was "ordered tliat the President have an honorable maintenance when 'tis known how the revenue will arise, and that Mr. Paige have five pounds a quarter for his at- tendance on the President." ^ He was also licensed by the County Court of Suffolk, 2 Aug. 1686, as an innholder in Roxbury. He was one of the eight original purchasers ^ from the Indian sachems 27 Dec. 1686, of tlie territory now 'embraced in the town of Hardwick. See chap. ii. pp. 15-17. A month afterwards, 27 Jan. 1686-7, the same persons, together witii Ralph Bradhurst, in like manner bought the territory which is now embraced in the towns of Leicester and Spencer. These j)urchases, however, were merely speculative, from which no pecuniary benefit resulted for many years. For immediate use, ^Ir. Paige bought of George Grimes, 1 Mar. 1687-8, a farm of 250 acres in that p irt of I5illerica which is now the easterly portion of Bed- ford, where he resided during the remainder of his life. His inventory in- 1 See chart of the "Descendants of 3 Xhe eight purchasers were Joshua Jonathan Padelforcl " bj' S. C. Newman, Lamb, Nathaniel Paige, Andrew Gardner, 1859, in the library of the N. Eng. Hist. Benjamin Gamblin, Benjamin Tucker, John Gen. Society, from which the foregoing Curtis, Richard Draper, and Samuel Kug- quotations are made. g'es, all of Koxbur^-. 2 Council liccords. 28 434 PAIGE. dicates tliat lie was a prosperous farmer, as the value of his farm had more than doubled during the four years of his ownership, and it was abundantly stocked with hoi»ses, neat cattle, sheep, swine, and farming tools ; and among his possessions was also a " servant man " valued at fifteen pounds. His real estate at Billerica and the wild lands near Quabaog and Worcester he devised to his two sons (a double portion to the elder, as was then customary), and 200 acres of land in Dedham, near Neponset Bridge, which he bought of the Indians in 1687, to his two daughters, in equal shares. Whether he was in Boston on business, on a visit, or for medical aid, does not a])pear; but he died there on the 12th of April 1G92, as the Billerica records show. His last will, dated on the day next preceding his decease, and describing him as "of Bilrekey in the County of Middlesex, New England, yeoman, being sick and weak of body," is signed " Natt Paige; " and the signature is unusually plaia and distinct, indicating a remarkable steadiness of nerve so near the close of life. His w. Joanna probably died in 1724, as on the fourth day of July in that year her sons divided the real estate in which she had dower under the provisions of their father's will. 2. Nathaniel, s. of Nathaniel (1), m. Susanna, dau. of Maj. John Lane of Billerica, and grand-daughter of Job Lane of Maiden, 6 Nov. 1 701 ; she d. 2 Sep. 1746, a. 63, and he m. Mrs. l\lary Grimes, who long survived him. His chil. were Nathaniel, b. 4 Sep. 1702] John, b. 11 Oct. 1704; Christopher, h. 16 July 1707; Susanna, b. 29 Ap. 1711, m. Samuel Bridge of Lexington 9 Ap. 1734, and had son Samuel, b. 6 Jan. 1735; she d. 16 Jan. 1735 ; Joanna, b. 29 Oct. 1714, m. Josiah Fassett 14 Ap. 1747. Nathaniel the f. was a farmer, cornet of a company of cavalry, selectman, and a {)rominent manager of af- fairs in Billerica, and in Bedford after the incorporation of that town, where he d. 2 JNLxr. 1755, a. 75; his head-stone, on which his name is erroneously spelled Page, is still standing in the cemetery near the Common. In his will, dated 1 June 1748, he devised his homestead to his son Christoj)her, 200 acres of land in Hardwick to his grandson Samuel Bridge, £350, old tenor, to his dau. Joanna Fassett, and the remainder to his three sons; and he directed that his chil. John, Christopher, and Joanna, and his grandson Samuel Bridge, on penalty of forfeiting £60 each, should release to his eldest son Nathaniel, all '• right to the estate in Old England, which belonged to their mother Su- sanna Paige late of Bedford, deceased." ^ He appointed his three sons as executors of his will, who wrote their name Paige on their bond of adminis- tration in 1755; later in life they changed the orthography, and wrote it Page, and the larger portion of their descendants have perpetuated the error. 3. Christopher, s. of Nathaniel (1), ni. tToanna ; she d. 27 Oct. 1719, and he m. Elizabeth, dau. of Deac. George Reed- of Woburn, 23 May 1720. His chil. were Joanna, b. 10 Aug. 1717, m. Benjamin Farley of Bedford, and 1 This estate was probably in Yorkshire, vented the heirs from obtaining possession Job Lane of Maiden, in his will dated 28 of the estate. Dee. 1096, devised to his son John "all the 2 Deacon George Eeed, of that part of land 1 have in England, in Yorkshire, to Woburn which is now Burlington, b. 1 4 Sep. him and his heirs furever." AVhen the es- 1660, and d. 20 Jan. 1756, was son of George tate of Maj. John Lane of Billerica was di- Keed, who was b. in England about 1729, vided, 26 Mar. 1718, it was agreed that the and d. at Woburn 21 Feb. 1705-6, and English estate should be shared by all his grandson of William Eeed who m. Mabel cluldren, namely. Job, John, James, tiiisan- Kendall and came from England in 1635, na, w. of Nathaniel I'aige; Mary, w. of with wife and three children; res. success- John Whitmore ; and J/((r?Afl, w. of James ively at Dorchester, Scituate, Boston, and Minott; the eldest son to take a double Woburn; returned to England, leaving his portion. Mathaniel Paige, son of Susanna, three elder children here, and d. at Newcas- devised to his son Tlionuis, in 1772, "my tle-upon-Tvne, in 1656, a. about 69. His estate in Old England." The same property w. Mabel, with her younger children, again is mentioned in the settlement of estates foV crossed tlie ocean, m. Henry Sununers of a few years afterwards, and then disappears. Woburn 21 Nov. 1660, and after his death There is a tradition, in various forms, and res. witii her son George until 15 June 1690, ill several branches of the family, that the when she d. a. 85. For a more full account, change of name from Paige to Page pre- see History of the Rted Family, by Jacob W. Keed, pp.' 61-150. PAIGE. 435 was living in 1770 (her dau. Joanna was b. at Bedford 22 Ap. 17.'53; and her son Benjamin was drowned in returninij from Crown Point, during tliu French War); Chnslopher,h. 11 June 1721; WiUldm, h. 2 May 1723; d'eorge, b. 17 June 172o; I'imotJti/, h. 24 jNIay 1727; Jonas, h. 19 Sep. 1729 (be was early crossed in love, which partially unsettled his mind ; be served in at least five campaigns during the French Wav, and was living, unm., in 1792); liUzaheth, b. 3 Oct. 1731, d. young; Luci/, b. 22 Feb. 1733-4, m. Seth Lincoln of West- ern (now Warren) 10 Oct. 1751 (he died in 1793, and she m. Tyler, and d. 1 Sep. 1821) ; Naihaniel, b. 12 May 173G; John, b. 6 July 1738; Eliz- abelli,h. 7 June 1743, ni. Solomon Green, 29 Dec. 17(J3 (one of her eight children was Rev. Archelaus (ireen, a Untversalist clergyman, who was b. 16 July 1770, and d. at Virgil, N. Y., 25 Dec. 1843). Chuistophkr the f. was a farmer and joiner, and res. on the easterly road to Gilbertville, at the jjlace marked " A. Warner " on the R. Map. He came here from Bedford prob. early in 1735, and was very active in the management of the common property of the " Fi'oprietors," and in the organization of the township and of the church. He was frequently the agent of the inhabitants or "settlei's" to transiic'fc their business with the proprietors, while their meetings were held at Roxbury, and with the General Court at Boston, notably in their final and successful effort to obtain incorpoi-alion as a town. He was moderator of the first town-meeting in 1739, selectman se\"en years, and assessor five }ears. He was also moderator of all the meetings of the j»roprietors held in Hardwick until 17G1; and compensation was granted to him 16 May 1757, ''for service done the proprietors as their agent to the General Court." At the organiza- tion of the church, 17 Nov. 1736, his name stands first on the list of memljers; and he was elected, 3 I^ec. 1736, as its first deacon. This ofKce he resigned, 13 April 1749 (and prob. his membership also), and became a member of the church in Nitchawaug, now Petersham. This caused a breach Ijetween the two churches, which was not healed for about twenty years. He d. 10 Mar. 1774; his w. Elizabeth d. in 1786, a. S6. A numerous posterity survived, as appears by an obituary, published in the Alassac/aiset/s Gazette, 31 JMar. 1774: " At Hardwick, Deacon Christopher Paige, aged 83 years and 21 days, in a comfortable ho{)e of a better life ; he left a widow, and has had 12 ^ children, 9 now living and 3 dead, 81 grand-children, 66 living and 15 dead. A funeral sermon was preached by the Rev. Mr. Hutchinson at his funeral, on the Mon- day following." 4. iS'ATHAXiEL, s. of Nathaniel. (2), ni. Hannah Blanchanl, and had Nathan- iel, b. 22 May 1729, d, unm. 26 Mar. 1751; Thomas, b. 5 ilay 1733, m. Anna Merriam 4 Jan. 1756, and d. s. p. 21 July 1809 (his w. Anna d. in 1810); Hannah, b. 15 May 1736, m. Jonas French 5 Jan. 1758; William, b. 19 Feb. 1737-8, m. , a'nd d. s. p. 10 Feb. 1812; Darid, b. 4 Ap. 1740; Susatina, b. 22 Jan. 1742, d. unm. 26 Jan. 1772; Abigail, b. 5 Sep. 1745, m. Bowman Brown of Lexington. Nathaniel the f. res. in Bedford, and d. 6 Ap. 17 79; his w. Hannah d. 7 Sep. 1763, a. 59. 5. JoHX, s. of Nathaniel (2), m. Rebecca Wheeler of Concord; she d. 12 July 1755, a. 43, and he m. Amittai, w. of Joseph Fassett of Lex., 15 Jan, 175'6 ; she d. 25 Dec. 1771, and ho m. Rachel Fitch 3 June 1773. His chil. were John, b. 2 Sep. 1733, James, b. 12 jNIay 1735 ; Ebenezer, b. 3 June 1737; Susanna, b. 21 Oct. 1739, d. 26 Feb. 1750; Timotlnj, b. 11 June 1741; Nathan- iel, b. 20 June 1742; Rebecca, b. 23 Aug. 1743, m. Solomon Cutler of Lex., and rem. to Rindge, N. H.; Mary, b. 5 July 1745, d. 13 Oct. 1745; Joanna, b. 15 June 1746, m. Samuel Reed of Woburn 25 July 1771 ; Sarah, b. 8 Jiuie 1747, m. Josiah Beard of Billerica; Elizabeth, b. 3 Aug. 1748, ni. Micah Reed of Woburn 30 April 1772; Susanna, b. 12 June 1750, m. Amos Haggett of Concord; Samuel, h. 1 Aug, 1751; Mary, b. 9 Oct, 1753, d. 21 Oct. 1753, John the f. res, in Bedford, where he d. 18 Feb. 1782; his third w, Rachel d, ■ 16 Jan. 1801, a. 88, 1 I find the names of only eleven cliildren shortly before her death, may have given recorded, — six in Billerica, two in Indford, birth to a child which died before receiving after the incorporation of that town, and a name, three in Hardwick ; perhaps the tirst wife, 436 PAIGE. 6. Christophkr, s. of Nathaniel (2), ni. Susanna Webber of Medford, and had Chrhtoplter, b. 29 Oct. 1743, a captain, res. on the homestead, ni. I,ydia , and d. s. p. about 1828; Smanna, b. 17 ]Mav 1745, and d. 8 Sep. 1740; Mary, b. 20 Feb. 174G-7, m. Deac. Nathan Reed of Lex. 30 Ap. 1772, and d. 17 May 1831; Job, b. 31 May 1748, d. 7 Ap. 1754; Susanna, b. 7 Ap. 17.'50, d. 28 Mar. 1754; Lvcy, h. 2G Mar. 1752, d. 26 Mar. 1754. Christo- pher the f. res. on the homestead in Bedford, and d. 11 Nov. 1786; his w. Susanna d. 20 July 1792, a. 82. 7. Christopher, s. of Christopher (3), came to Hk. with his father in 1735, m. Rebecca Haskell of Rochester, pub. 3 Mar. 1738-9, and had one son, Christopher, who rem. to Swanzey, N. IL, and had many children; this numer- ous posterity, however, I have not been able to trace. Christopher the f. was a precocious youth, being married before he was eighteen years old; but he manifestly lacked discretion or energy in the general affairs of life. He res. for a time on the northerly border of the homestead, about midway between the Gilbertville road and the house of his brother AVilliam ; afterwards at Peter- sham and at Ware, where he d. 3 Dec. 17 72. 8. William, s. of Christopher (3), m. Mercy, dau. of James Aiken, 12 Jan. 1743-4, and had William, h. 1 May 1745; James, b. 19 Sep. 1747; Rebecca, b. 8 Oct. 1749, m. John Foster of Rochester 6 Oct. 1768; ^ Jesse, b. 4 Mar. 1752; il/ertv/, b. 18 May 1 754, m. Nathaniel Graves, Jr., of Athol 29 May, 1777; Lucy, b. 19 Mar. 1757, m. Daniel Ruggles 31 Dec. 1779; Christopher, b. 12 June 1762. WiLLiAM the f. was a farmer, and one of the foremost actors in public afl'airs. In the French War he served his country in at least four cam- paigns, — as lieutenant in 1755, and as captain in 1758, 1759, and 1760. In the Revolutionary period he was a member and chairman of the Committee of Correspondence, and of other imj)ortant committees, representative in 1778, 1779, and 1780, and a delegate in the Convention at Cambridge in 17 79 for framing a Constitution. His military spirit long survived ; he accepted office 9 Jan. 1775 as captain of an " Alarm List; " and when the company com- manded by his brother, Capt. Timothy Paige, niarclied "to Bennington in an alarm," 21 Aug. 1777, he volunteered his service as a " cadet." He was one of the committee appointed by the General Court for the sale of confiscated estates in the county of Worcester. He served the town as selectman ten years, and assessbr three years; he was also a pillar in the church, of which he was elected deacon 9 Nov. 1769. He res. on the northerly side of a road which formerly extended easterly from a point about thirty rods northerly from the place on the easterly road to Gilbertville, marked " J. Marsh " on the R. jNLip, to the place marked " D. Warner." Traces of the old road are still visible, on the southerly border of the present homestead of Mr. Charles Mandell, and also on the side hill easterly from the brook. The house re- mained standing on the westerly side of the brook seventy years ago, and vestiges of the cellar and garden may probably yet be seen. This estate ad- joined the homestead of his father, and here he dwelt until late in life, when he rem. to a house standing at or near the place marked " Moulton," not far from the present central bridge over Ware River, where he d. 14 Feb. 1790; his w. Mercy d. 19 Feb. 1823, at the great age of one hundred and two years and thirty-six days,'^ allowing eleven days for change of style. See James Aiken. 9. George, s. of Christopher (3), m. Rosilla, dau. of Nathaniel Whit- comb, 4 June 1752, and had Nathaniel, b. 11 Jan. 1754; Asa, b. 25 Jan. 1756; George, b. 9 Mar. 1758; lihoda, b. 5 Oct. 1760, m. James Perkins 7 Ap. 1791, d. s. p. 8 Sep. 1835; Nathan, h. 7 Aug. 1762; Paul, h. 12 Feb. 1765; Peirce b. 16 July 1768; Anna, h. 23 July 1771, d. unm. George the f. was a far- mer, and res. on a farm adjoining the homesteads of his father and his brother 1 It is worthy of remark, that Rebecca Hardwick. The venerable lady walked up Paige and her two elder brothers were all the pulpit stairs, leaning on the arm of her married on the same day. grandson, Mr. Charles Paige. Her ears 2 On the one hundredth anniversary of her having become dull of hearing, she stood by birth, an appropriate sermon was delivered the side of the preacher during almost the by Kev. Mr. Wesson, in the old church in entire service. PAIGE. 437 William, at tlie place marked " D. "Warner" on the R. Map. He d. 8 May 1781; liis w. Ronlla m. ('apt. William Hreckenridoje of Ware 17 Mar. 1790, and after his death retin-nud to Ilk., res. on the homestead with lier son Paul, and d. 29 Get. 1807. Like her sister Mary (who m. Paul Dean before men- tioned), she is said to have been noted for her industry and enertry. 10. Timothy, s. of Christopher (:i), m. Mary,^ dau. of Deacon James Fos- ter of Rochester, 24 Oet. 1754, and had Lijdin, b. 15 Sep. 1755, m. Thomas Fuller 26 Nov. 1778; Timothy, h. IG Feb. 1757; Mori/, b. 18 Oct, 1759, m. Daniel Fay, Jr., 23 Aug. 1778; Foster, h. 29 Aug. 17G1; Reed, b. 30 Aug, 1764: Moses, b. 12 Dec. 1765, d. 2.s Dee. 17G5; Mnses, b. 9 Feb. 1767; Re- becca, h. 28 Nov. 1768, m. Capt. Seth Peirce 22 Dec. 1793. had one child (which died in infancy), and d. 2 Aug. 1795; Thomas, b. 7 Nov. 1770, d. 21 Nov. 1770; Thomas, b. 12 Ap. 1772; Georqe Washinf/ton, b. 24 Aug. 1775, an eminent physician and an elder of the Presbyterian church in Colchester, Delaware Co., N. Y., where he d. s. p. 10 Sep. 1834, having late in life m. Mrs. Cunningham, who survived him. Timothy, the f. was a farmer, and much employed in the public service. He was selectman three years, 1778-1780; treasurer six years, 1781-1786; representative 1781; member of the Connnittee of Correspondence and other important committees during the Revolutionary period; as captain of militia, led his company to Bennington, at the ahvrm in August 1777, and to West Point in 1780, through a campaiirn of three months. On the organization of the militia after the adoption of the Constitution, he was commissioned colonel, which office he held during the remainder of his life. He was a staunch supporter of the government, and rendered service, 1786, in the suppression of the Shays rebellion. He res. on the homestead, where he d. 26 Aug. 1791; his w. INIary d. in New Braintree, 21 July, 1825. a. 93. and was buried by the side of her husband in Hard- wick. "■^ The following obituary notice appeared in the Columbian Ccntinel, Sep, 10, 1791: "In Hardwick, on the 26'" uit.. Col. Timothy Paige, aged 64 years, after a distressing sickness of upwards of twentv days, which he sus- tained with Christian patience and fortitude, and died in the firm faith and hope of a future resurrection and a happy immortality. He was a gentleman of abilities, and filled a number of important stations, both in the civil and military departments, with fidelity and honor. A number of gentlemen in the military line attended the interment of his remains, among a numerous con- course of motu'ning friends and relatives; and a com[)any of infantry, dressed in uniform, attended the solemnity and performed military honors.^ A pa- thetic and well adapted discourse was delivered on the occasion by the Rev. Thomas Holt, from these words, — ' O Death, where is thy sting V O Grave, where is thy victory? ' " 11. Nathanikl, s. of Christopher (3), m. Joanna, dau. of William Free- man of Sandwich. 13 Sep. 1759; she d. s. p. 30 Mar. 1783, and he m. JNIartha, sister of Rev. Elisha Fish of Upton, pub. — Aug. 1783, and had Freeman, b. 21 J\Iay 178G, a clothier; Elizabeth, b. 27 Ap. 11 8H\, Nathaniel F., h. 11 Aug. jlJ90; Jason, b. 18 Dec. 1792, a merchant in New "jork, Nathaniel the f. was a farmer, and res. near the central bridge over AVare River, at the place marked " A. Rich" on the R. ^lap ; his farm being separated from that of his brother George by the highway. He was elected deacon of the church 12 May 1785, was colleague about five years with his brother William in that office, and performed its duties with singular propriety and dignity until about 1812, when he rem. to Athol, where he d. 6 Jan. 181G, a. nearly 80; his w. Martha d. 15 Feb. 1816, a. 63, Deacon Paige was a true gentleman in his demeanor; 1 Mary Foster was a lineal descendant ^ This was probably the first military from Eider William Brewster, Governor funeral in the town, and tlie only one until Thomas I'rence, and Major .John Freeman. October 1811, when similar honors were ren- See Cmi.LiJJGSWoRTH Foster (3), note. dered at the l)nrial of John Warner, who 2 Deacon Christojiher Paige and four of was accidentally killed during a "sham Lis sons, — Chrislnjjher, William, George, fight," at a military parade on the second and 2'iiiwthy, were buried near each other, day of that mouth. in the southwesterly corner of the old burial- place. 438 PAIGE. affable and polite^ quiet and inoffensive; and remarkable for the purity of his character, adorning the oflice which he held and the doctrine which lie pro- fessed. His white full-bottomed wig gave him a venerable appearance in the " deacon's-seat." 12. John, s. of Christopher (3), m. Hannali, dau. of Capt. Edward Wins- low of Rochester, pub. 24 Dec. 1764. They had only one child, TF/ns/wi', b. 28 Feb. 1767. John the f. was a farmer, and is said to have resided for several years in the northeasterly part of the town, at the place marked " T. Bruce " on the R. Map. In 1786 he bought the estate at the junction of the Pet. and Barre roads, al)out a hundred rods north of the Common, marked " Mr. Holt," which he transferred a year afterwards to his son Wiiisloiv, who sold it, 2 Ap. 1790, to Rev. Thomns Holt, when both fatlier and son rem. to Stephentown, N. Y. In 1794, the father rem. to Schaghticoke, N. Y., where he d. 14 or 15 Ap. 1812. His grandson wrote to me, "he attended the funeral of my grand- mother on Saturday [Ap. 13], Avent to the grave; on his return, to his bed, died, and was buried in the same grave three days afterwards." He had served two campaigns during the French War, "was at Quebec at its capture, and was with and very near Wolfe when he fell; in this campaign he received a M'ound, and carried the ball in his leg to his grave." (31S. Letter from John K. Paige, Esq., 20 Jan. 1840.) 13. David, s. of Nathaniel (4), m. Abigail Jones of Concord, 10 Oct. 1764, and had David, b. 7 Feb. 1767; Hamuih, b. 11 Mar. 1773, m. Rev. Reed Paige of Hancock, N. H., 25 Dec. 1794. David the f. res. in Bedford, was a far- mer, and for many years carried milk to the Boston market. He was a man of hirge frame and rather haughty manners, insomuch that he was familiarly known ;is "King David." Late in life he rem. to Middlebury, Vt. (where his son David then resided), and d. 11 Jan. 1819, a. nearly 79. 14. John, s. of John (5), m. Mary, dau. of David Cutler of Lexington, 15 Sep. 1757, and had Rebecca, b. IS Nov. 1757, m. Thomas Robinson 11 Ap. 1776, d. at Onondaga — Oct. 1828; Mary, b. 10 Sep. 1760, m. John Wheeler 18 Nov. 1779; AmiUai, b. 25 Sep. 1763, m. Foster Paige 6 Jan. 1785, d. 5 Nov. 1860; John, b. 19 Oct. 1766; Sally, b, 9 Oct. 1768, m. Jonathan Warner 25 Feb. 1789, d. 11 June 1807; David, b. 15 May 1771; Joseph, twin, b. 6 Aug. 1774, d. young; Benjamin, twin, b. 6 Aug. 1774 ; Betsey, b. 2H Sep. 1777, m. Edward Clark, Jr., 23 Feb. 1800, d. 9 Jan. 1862; Joseph, b. 19 Mar. 1780; Heinnuh, b. Sep. 1782, m. Zadok Dimond of Springtield, 15 Jane 1819, d. 25 Feb. 1859. John the f. was a farmer, rem. from Bedford to Hardwiek in 1757, and res. two miles westerly from the Common, on the Greenwich road, at the place marked " Wid. Paige " on the R. Map. He d. 31 Oct. 1789 (wrongly inscribed 1790 on his head-stone); his w. Mary d. 31 May 1812, a. 74. 15. James, s. of John (5), m. ]\Iary Stone 25 Oct. 1764; she d. in childbed G Jan. 17 70, and he m. Anna, dau. of Capt. Joseph Warner, 25 Oct 17 70. His chil. were PoU/j, b. 8 Aug. 1766, m. Lemuel Page i of Rindge, N. H., 26 June 1798, and d. 26 Nov. 18.53; an infant d. 6 Jan. 1770 ; Luther, b. 5 Nov. 1772; Anna. b. 1 Ap. 1775, d. 11 Aug. 1777; James, b. 13 Jan. 1777, d. 4 Oct. 1777 ; Anna, b. 18 Oct. 1778, m. Capt. Moses Allen 26 June 1802, d. 7 June 1824; James, b. 2 Jan. 1781; Calvin, twin, b. 8 May 1784; Fanny, twin, b. 8 May 1784, m. Stephen Rice, Jr., 4 Sep. 1811 ; he d. 16 Aug. 1821, ami she m. Capt. Moses Allen, pub. 7 IMay 1825; after his death she rem. to Boston, and d. 15 Feb. 1873. Jamp:s the f. was a coi'dwainer, and rem. from Bedford to Framingham before 21 Oct. 1762, at which date he bought a farm in Hard- wick, and prob. rem. here immediately. He res. on the Petersham road, at the place marked " L. Paige " on the R. Map, and d. 18 Jan. 181 7 ; his w. Anna d. 5 Jan. 1814. 16. EiJENEZEi?, s. of John (5). ni. Dorothy, widow of Joseph Fassett, Jr., of Lexington, 21 Feb. 1760; she d. 6 Feb. 1779, a. 41, and he m. Susanna , who survived him. His chil. were Anna, h. 29 Sep. 1760, m. Benjamin Lane 1 He general]}' wrote his name "Lemma descended from John T&ge of Watertown, Pagf," and it so appears on the record. He who d. 18 Dec. 1676, a. " about 90." PAIGE. 439 9 Dec. 1779; Rebecca, b. 9 June 17G3, m. Jonatlian Wilson 22 July 1784; Ebenezer, h. 30 jNIar. 17G5; John, h. 18 Feb. 1767; lJ»llij, b. 11 Di-c. 1708, d. 23 Ap. 1772; Moses, h. 11 Sep. 1770, d. 9 Aiio;. 17 7 r> ;' Luci/, b. 11 Jn!v 1772, d. 14 Ann;. 1775; Man/, b. 24 July 1774; Joi^lma, b. 18 Jan. 1779; Wlfliam, b. 19 I\rar. 1783; Mns^cii (posthumous-), b. 9 Oct. 1784. Ebknkzku the f. res. in Bedford, and d. 9 June 1784, a. 47. 17. Timothy, s. of John (.")), m. INIaruaret WelIiny;ton of Canibridoe 12 May 1766, and had Joseph, b. 16 May 1 707; Dorcas, b. 22 Ap. 1775, n). James Wrijjht 16 Mar. 1797. Timothy tlie f. res. in Bedford, was a soldier in the Revolutionary Army, and was killed in battle at White Plains, 25 Oet. 1776; his w. JMarfjaret ni. Asa Fasselt. 18. Nathaniel, s. of John (5), m. Sarah Brown of Lex. 10 Dee. 1774, and had Nathaniel, h. 25 Oct. 1775, in. Lydia Fiteh, and d. in Bedford 30 Aug. 1858; Sarah, b. 22 May 1777, m. Samuel Ranrown 28 Sep. 1843; d. at Springf. 17 Feb. 1881; William, twin, bap. 5 May 1811 ; Willard, twin, bap. 5 May 1811, ni. Rebecca Rice 21 Oct. 1834, d. at W. Brk. 10 Oct. 1846. Paul the f. was a farmer, and res. on the homestead. After the death of his w. Perninah, 16 Oct. 1814, he rem. to Hardwick, Vt. 29. Pkikce, s. of George (9), m. Anna Durfee, res. in Royalton, Vt., and had chil.: liosicell, David, Elijah, Calvin, Riley, Phila, Laura, Marij, and Elvira. 30. Timothy, s. of Timothy (10), m. Mary, dau. of Thomas Robinson, ^ 20 Jan. 1780, and had Mary, b. 28 Oct. 1780, m. Col. Thomas Wheeler 14 Feb. 1805, and d. at Ticondcroga, N. Y., 18 Sep. 1828; Sophia, b. 31 Oct. 1782, d. unm. 23 Oct. 1861; Stephen West, b. 3 May 1785; Timothy, b. 6 Mar. 1788; Martin, b. 27 Sep. 1791 ; Cyrus, b. 7 Ap. 1794, d. 16 Jan. 1796 ; Rebecca, b. 27 Aug. 1796, d. unm. 30 Mar. 1821 ; Cyrus, b. 16 Sep. 1799, d. 28 June 1803 ; Lucius Robinson,^ b. 8 Mar. 1802. Timothy the f. was a farmer, but during a large portion of his life was much engaged in public affairs. He was a mem- ber of the comj)any of " minute-men," and marched to Cambridge upon the Lexington alarm; he afterwards served, for short periods, several times during the Revolution, but did not enlist in the regular ai-my. He was lieutenant of militia in 1784, and on the 30th of May, 1788, was commissioned Captain of the " Cadet Company," then organized by special order of the Governor. He was selectman from 1798 to 1810, and from 1817 to 1821, eighteen years; assessor from 1798 to 1821, twenty-four years; also moderator of every JNIareh meeting, with a single exception (and nearly all the other town-meetings), from 1802 to 1821, representative in the General Court seventeen years suc- cessively, from 1805 to 1821 inclusive; and a delegate to the Constitutional Convention in 1820. He was commissioned justice of the peace 9 May 1803, and of the quorum 29 Aug. 1816; and fi'om his first appointment until his death almost every " Justice Court " in the town was held by him. He res. about five or six years after his marriage on the homestead, with his father, and then erected the house which still remains on the place marked " J. Marsh " on the R. Map, about forty rods northerly from his former residence, and there d. 29 Oct. 1821; his w. Mary soon removed to the house marked " Wid. Paige," at the northerly end of the Common, and d. 29 INIar. 1836, a. 77. An obituary in the New Enyland Palladium, 9 Nov. 1821, described him as "one of the oldest members of the House of Representatives; a man who united very many excellent and useful qualities, and who was universally es- teemed among his acquaintances for his intelligence und unbending integrity; " and on the next day (10 Nov.) the Columbian Centinel referred to liirn as " one of the oldest members of the House of Representatives of this State; an uudeviating patriot, and an intelligent man." ^ 31. Foster, s. of Timothy (10), m. Amittai, dau. of John Paige, 6 Jan. 1785, and had Gardner, b. 16 Oct. 1785; Seneca, b. 15 Feb. 1788, m. , 1 Mary Robinson was a lineal descendant ^ The orii^inal name was Lucius; liobin- from Gov. Thomas Dudley 1 (who d. at Kox- son was added by an act of the General bury 31 Jul^' 1(153), through Ills daughter Court. IMcrcy,'- who m. liev. John Wooflbriiige of 3 jjg ^y^s one of the " first tliree " who, Newbury; their dau. jNlartlia^ in. Oapt. for a period of about twenty years each, Samuel Ruggles of Roxbury 8 July 1080; hekl undisputed prominence in tiie mauage- their dau. Patience'* m. James Robiuson of ment of public affairs in the town; namely, Boston o Julv 1711; their son Thomas, •' b. Brig.-Gen. Timothy Ruirglcs, from 1754 to 20 Ap. 1718, m. Mary, dau. of Capt. Elea- 1774; Maj.-Geu. Jonathan Warner, from zar Warner 23 Nov. 1744; and their dau. 1780 to 1802; and Timothy Paige, Esq., from Mary ,6 b. 3 Dec. 1758, m. Timothy Paige, 1802 to 1821. Esq., as in the text. 442 PAIGE. res. in Bakersfield", "Vt., and afterwards in Dunham, Canada East; he was a member of tlie Provincial Parliament, and d. s. p. 11 Oct. 1856; Reed, b. 28 Mar. 1790, m. (at Barnard, Vt.) Eunice, dau. of Dr. Convei-s Cutler of Hk., 31 Mar. 1819, was a farmer, res. in Bakersfield, Vt., and d. s. p. 22 Feb. 1867; Mary, b. 18 July 1792, m. Jesse Pai^je and d. here 19 Jan. 1823; Behccca Peirce, b. 17 Mar, 1797, m. David Smith, and after his death m. Asahel Demino; of West Berkshire, Vt., 5 Oct. 1828 (they celebrated their " oolden wedding " 5 Oct. 1878, and both are living in 1883) ; Foster, h. 25 Oct. 1801 ; Amiltai ■Cutler, b. 16 Nov. 1804, m. Lyman Hurlburt, and after his death ni. Elijah Barnes, of Bakersfield, Vt., whom she survived and is living in 1883 ; Sally Warner, b. 5 Aug. 1808, m. Josiah Fay Brigham of Bakersfield, and d. 11 Mar. 1829. Foster the f. was a farmer, rem. to Hardwick, Vt., before 1800, and thence to Bakersfield, where he d. 22 June 1843; his w. Amittai d. at the house of her dau. in W. Berkshire, 5 Nov. 1860, a. 97. 32. Rkkd, s. of Timothy (10), m. Hannah, dau. of David Paige of Bed- ford, 25 Dec. 1794, and had Abigail, b. 23 Jan. 1796, m. Jacob Flint 14 Nov. 1815; Mary, b. 2 Oct. 1799, m. Moses Whitney 2 Dec. 1817; David, b. 11 Mar. 1802, a physician at Belvidere, 111., d. in 1868 ; Timothy, b. 31 Aug. 1805, was educated at West Point, a captain in the U. S. Army, resigned, anil d. at St, Louis 14 June 1867; Nathaniel George Reed, b. 17 Aug. 1807, a farmer in Marengo, Til., d. in 1853; William, b. 18 Ap. 1811, "went south about 1830, and no tidings were ever received from him; it is supposed that he was mur- dered on the overland route to California; " ^ Leivellyn, b. 18 July 1816, d. 26 July 1816. Reed the f. grad. D. C. 1786, studied divinity with Dr. Emmons of Franklin, was a Hopkinsian after the straightest sect, and, what was then very unusual among the orthodox clergy, was an ardent Democrat in politics. He was ordained the first pastor of the church in Hancock, N. H., 21 Sep. 1791, which office he retained through life. He published two ordination sermons, an election sermon, 1805, and several others on different occasions. In the " Gazetteer " of New Hampshire, art. Hancock; he is described as " a learned, pious, able, and faithful minister; a good citizen; an honest and upright man; a firm patriot, and zealous and able advocate of Jiis country's rights, which very much endeared him to the people of his charge, who frequently elected him to represent the town in the State Legislature of which he was a mem- ber at the time of his death." He d. of fever 22 July, 1816, in the midst of his usefulness, a. about 52; his w. Hannah d. 7 Oct. 1847, a. 74. 33. JMosES, s. of Timothy (10), m. Lucy, dau. of David Aiken, 27 Aug. 1789; she d. 27 Mar. 1800, and he m. her sister, Mary Aiken, pub. 17 May, 1801. His chil. were, twins, b. , d. 1 May 1790; Mary Aiken, b. , d. young; Joel Simonds, b. 25 Jan. 1793; a child, b. , d. 1 Feb. 1795; Lucy, b. 13 Ap. 1796, m. Anson Ruggles 14 June 1812, and d. 29 July, 1874; Mary Ann Aiken, h. 8 Mar. 1798, m. Lysander F. Haskins of Prescott 20 May 1833, and d. 29 or 30 Mar. 1862 ; Moses, b. 6 Feb. 1800; Asa, b. 9 Dec. 1801, m. Cordelia, dau. of Maj. Gardner Ruggles, was a physician and apothe- cary in Troy, N. Y., where he d. s. p. 19 Jan"^ 1836;- Hannah, b. 11 INIay 1804, m. Horace II. Hayward of Ware 12 Dec. 1826, rem. to INIarathon, N. Y., and d. 16 Jan. 1845; Clarissa, h. 24 Dec. 1807, m. William Breckenridge of Ware 6 Nov. 1827, d. 9 Dec. 186 7. Moses the f. was a farmer, and res. in several houses at different times ; his last residence was on the turnpike, about three quarters of a mile north from the Common, at the place marked "S. AVeston " on the R. ]\lap, where he d. 5 Dec. 1818; his w. Mary m. Jonathan Mai'sh of Ware 1 Dec. 1824, and d. in 1845. 34. Thomas, s. of Timothy (10), m. Susanna, dau. of Warham Warner of N. Br. 17 June 1798, and had Susan Warner, b. 10 Aug. 1800 ; d. unm. at Wore. 6 June 1.S80 ; Hannah Ware, b. 22 June 1802, m. Samuel Wood of Farn- ham, C. E.,,,9 Feb. 1843 (he d. 24 Jan. 1848); Daniel Waldo, h. 18 Feb. 1804, m. Sarah Smith 1836, res. in Lenoxville, C. E., and d. 7 Feb. 1877 ; George Washington, b. 18 May 1806, m. Elvira Waters of Barre, Vt., 24 Aug. 1 Winslow Memorial, p. 154 ; from which the last name in this family and some of the dates are taken. PAIGE. 443 1835, res. Chicago; Almirn Clarl; h. 7 Feb. 1808, d. iinm. 11 Mar. 1838; Prudence Maria, b. 15 May 1811, ni. Saimiol A. Porter of Wore. 5 Ap. 1831 ; Sophia Foster, b. 4 Mar. 18"l5, m. Austin Bixl)y of Wore. 15 Mar. 1836 ; Letilia Duncan, h. 2 ^lay 1817; Thomas Reed, b. 1 June 1821, killed by the kick of a horse 25 May 183() ; Harriet Antoinette, b. 2 July 1825, d. 5 May 1827. Thomas the f. was a farmer, and res. in Hancock, N. II., from about 1799 un- til about 181G, when he rem. to New Braintree; in 1836, when stricken in years, he rem. to Lenoxville, C. E., and subsequently to Conipton, C. E., where lie d. 16 June 1855; his w. Susanna d. 8 Dee. 18G3, a. 87. 35. WixsLOW, s. of John (12), m. Clarissa, dau. of Gen. John Keyes of Windham, Conn., pub. 13 Auijj. 1787, and had Jol/n Kri/es, b. here 2 Aug. 1788; Hannah Wins/oic, b. — Au^r. 1791, m. Archibald Croswell of Broome, N. Y., 1822; Maria C, b. 1794, m. David Cady of Florida, N. Y., 1815; Alonzo Christopher, b. 31 Jidy 1796 ; Diana C, b. — Feb. 1799, m. Allen H. Jack- son of Florida N. Y., 1820; Antoinette A. L., h. — Auj^. 1S04, ni. George Smith of Florida 1825; he d. 1828, and she m. Hon. Piatt Potter of Sche- nectady 1836. WiNSLow the f. was a cler/, b. 13 Dec. 1799, m. Capt. Jonathan Webb 14 June 1819, and d. 2 Aug. i8G9; Martha Ann, b. 23 July 1808, m. Dr. James M. Smith of New Haven, Conn., 25 Nov. 1829, and d. before 1845. David the f. was a very successful farmer, and res. on the turn- pike, about a mile northerly from the Common, at the place marked " D. Paige " on the 11. Map. He d. 22 Jan. 1854; his w. Martha d. 31 July 1844, a. 74. Ills seconez ; Nathaniel; Abial (female); Ephraim; and Jonatlian ; in 1682 he had land set to him at Sherborn, and d. about 1692 ; at least, administration that year was given to widow Susanna and son John, All these ten sons married and had families." Savage's Gen. Diet. 2. JoHX, s. of Thomas (1), by w. Ruth, had John, b. 27 Nov. 1691 ; Susanna, b. 12 Mar. 1693, prob. m. Obadiah Allen 17 May 1720; lsa.ac,h.6 Aug. 1696; Amos; b. 26 May 1699; Ruth, h. 6 Feb. 1701; Eleazar, b. 10 Jan. 1702-3; Hezekiah. b. 27 Nov. 1705. John the f. seems to have res. in Sherborn, and afterwards in ]\Iarlboroiigh, prob. that part which is now Westborough. See Barry's //w/. of Fru)ninf/ham. 3. John, s. of John (2), m. Bathsheba, dau. of John Fay, 4 Jan. 1715-6, and had, in Westborough, Phinehas, h- 8 Feb. 1716-7, d. 1717; Ezekiel, b. 4 Feb. 1718-9; Silas, b. 27 Feb. 1721; Isaiah, b. 14 Feb. 1723; Betty, b. 8 May 1726, m. Elisha Field of Sunderland 11 Jan. 1755 ; Timothy, b. 23 May 1731, m. Ruth Abl)ott, 14 Oct. 1756, and rem. to Bennington; Samuel, h. 18 Mar. 1733, m. Lydia Powers 31 Jan. 1774; Ebenezer, b. 18 Ap. 1744. John the f. rem. to Hk. before 13 Oct. 1745, when he and his w. became members of the church. He subsecjuently removed to Bennington, where he d. 16 INIay 1768, a. 76. Plis head-stone remains in the beautiful cemetery at Bennington Centre, on which is inscribed this couplet : " By faith in God, the sa.E^e stretches his wings. We feel the rod, while he in gloiy sings." 4. Isaac, s. of John (2), m. Eunice, dau. of John Fay, 17 Ap. 1721, and had, in Westborough, Mary, h. 24 Aug. 1721; Moses, b. 7 Oct. 1723, res. in Hk., m. Lucy Whipple of Westb. 16 Nov. 1747, and d. in Dec. 1748; Isaac, b. 14 Feb. 1726, res. in Hk., and was pub. to Elizabeth Rose 24 Jan. 1756, but the banns were forbidden, and she was pub. to Larkin Green three weeks afterwards. It does not appear that he made another attempt to marry, though he survived this disappointment more than half a century. He d. here 27 Nov. 1808, a. nearly 83. 5. Elkazar, s. of John (2), m. Ruhamah Tonilin of Westborough 15 Jan. 1729, res. in Shrewsbury, and had Hannah, b. — ]\Liy 1730; Ruhamah, b. 16 Ap. 1732; Mary, b. 11 Dec. 1734; Sarah, b. 11 Oct. 1736, m. Jacob Knowlton of Hk. 21 Nov. 1759; Riifus, h. 2 Oct. 1738, m. Hannah Ball of Westborouijli 11 May 1763, and settled in Hk.; Reuben, b. 7 Sep. 1741; Eleazar, h. 20 Oct. 1 743. 6. Ezekiel, s. of John (3), by w. Mary, had John, bap. 6 Nov. 1743, d. PRATT — RAMSDELL. 457 younrr; Sarah, h. 30 ]\Iar. 174G, m. David Glazier G Feb. 176G; Johi, h. 25 Sep. 1748, 111, Elizabeth, dau. of Nathaniel Merrick, 19 Jan. 17 7.'5; Stephen, b. 11 Sep. 17.'>1 ; Manj, b 24 Ap. 17.04, m. Henry Lee of Rut. District (Harre), pub. 4 Mar. 1770. Ezkkiel the f. was an enisitrn in Capt. Samuel Robinson's company during the campaign of 175G in the French War. lie prolj. d. be- fore 1760, when " Widow Mary Pratt" is mentioned. 7. Silas, s. of John (.'5), m. Elizabeth Chainberlin of Grafton, pub. 21 Feb. 1746-7, and had Eliznbelh, b. 2 Ap. 1748; Esther, b. 24 Jan. 1749-50; Ebeti- ezer, b. 1 Nov. 1751 ; Moses, h. 21 Sep. 1754; Joshua, b. 4 Jan. 1758. All born here. Silas the f. rem. to Pennington about 1761. 8. Isaiah, s. of John (;5), m. Zerviah, wid. of Samuel Marsh and dau. of William Thomas (much older ihau himself and already the mother of nine children), 2 Mar. 1746-7, and had Bathsheba, b. 30 Jan. 1747-8; Tem]>e.rance, b. 7 Aug. 1750, d. unm. 17 Dec. 1814, having been idiotic and a town pauper from her early childhood. Isaiah the f. was a soldier in Capt. Samuel Rob- inson's company, 1756, and died during that camj)aign, prob. on the 20lh of October, as his pay-roll was made up to that day. His w. Zerviah d. 18 Ap. 1798, a. 89, having been a pauper more than thirty years. 9. Stkphkx, s. of Ezekiel (6), m. Hannah, dau. of P^lisha Pillings, 3 Feb. 1780. He rem. to Pennington, Yt., whei'e he d. 20 Dec. 1835. His w. Han- nah d. 16 Feb. 1839. David, m. Hannah Hammond of Pet., 12 Oct. 1780. Ephraim, m. Eunice Powers of Gr., pub. 17 June 1782. Charles L., m. Susanna Nichols, pub. 9 Sep. 181 G; she d. 1 Mar. 1823, a. 26. Presho, Sampsox, died here 24 Feb. 1819, a. 56 (his w. Abi m. Hooper, and d. 25 Oct. 1835, a. 61)). No record is found of his marriage, or of the birth of his children; but he is supposed to have been the father of Samp- son, h. , m. Susanna Grant, jiub. 4 Nov. 1808; Laban, b. about 178G; Abi, b. , m. Joseph Barnard 17 Oct. 1819; Mary, b. about 1797, m. William P. Jordan 25 Mar. 1818, and d. 25 May 1834, a. 37; Vincent, b. 1800, d. 5 Oct. 1818, a. 18. Sampson the f. is understood to have been a Hessian, cap- tured with Burgoyne's army in 1777 ; but if this be true, and the record of his age at the time of his death lie correct, he can scarcely be regarded as a soldier at the time of the capture, l)eing then only fourteen years old. He was employed many years as " top-man " at the Old Furnace, his duty being to cast into the huwe chimney, at stated intervals, a due supply of iron-ore, oyster-shells, char- coal, and jierhaps other materials. 2. Laban', prob. s. of S;inipson (l),m. Rachel Davis 18 Aug. 1816, and had an infant, b. , d. 5 Feb. 1817; Laban, b. about 1824 ; John V., b. aliout 1826. Labax the f. d. 26 Ap. 1869, a. 83 ; his w. Rachel d. 14 Jan. 1880, a. 87. 3. Laijax, s. of Laban (2), m. Harriet N. Yokes 1 7 Mar. 1853, and had Mel- ville Laban, h. 18 Nov. 1856; Mart/ Abbie, h. 16 Mar. 18G8. 4. Joiix Y., s. of Laban (2), m. Clara B. Stone 3 Ap. 1850 ; she d. 1 July 1855, a. 26, and he m. Eliza A. Town of Gr., pub. 13 Jan. 1857. His chil. were Clara Maria, b. 8 INIay 1853, m. John A. Bates 7 Mar. 1873; Clara Elizabeth, b. 1 July 1855, m. \Varren F. Rogers 7 JMay 1876. Prouty, Walter B., by w. Susan, had [Villie Freelove, b. 23 Auo-. 1861, d. 16 Sep. 1862. Daniel, d. 27 June 1834, a. 35. William E., of N. Brk., m. Adeline S. Browning 17 Oct. 1S55. Cleora D., m. Joseph N. Hamilton IG June ISGG. Maria, m. William H. Taft of Starksboro', Yt., 22 Aug. 18GG. PuKix(}Tox, Sylvaxus, m. Nancy Sellon, pub. 3 July 1780. ]\Iolly, m. William Nye 2G Dec. 1782. Putxam, Bexajah. m. Elizabeth Livermore 19 Nov. 1772. Sally, m. James Cannon, pub. 28 Oct. 1793. Stephex, of Townsend, m. Deborah Egery 11 Jan. 1801. Rev. Simeox, m. Julia Ann Bacon of Barre, pub. 22 eTune 1844. Ramsdell, Sylvaxus, m. Esther Gibbs of Gr., pub. 10 Jan. 1791, and had Esther, b. 1792, d. 6 Nov. 1802, a. 10; Ira, b. 1794, m. Clarissa 458 RAMSDELL — RAWSON". Robinson 11 ]\Iay 1823, and d. 26 Ap. 1862, a. 6 7 years and 6 months; Homer, twin, b. 1795, d. 6 Nov. 1802, a. 7; Anaon, twin, b. 1795, ni. Rox- ana Gardner 20 Ap. 1820, and d. 28 Mar. 1875, a. 79 years and 4 montlis; his w. Roxana d. 13 Aug. 1872, a. 72; a chihl b. 1799, d. 2 Nov. 1802, a. 3; Orbuh. 1800. Sylvanus the f. d. 23 Dec. 1851, a. 87; his w. Esther d. 12 Nov. 1829, a. 6 7. 2. Orix, s. of Sylvanus (1), m. Sarah Teny 8 June 1823, and had Horace S., b. ; John "il/., b. ; Otis A., b. ; Sarah E., b. about 1836, m. Georsie II. Strickland of Ware 13 May (or June) 1858; Orin, b. about 1838, d. 9 Ap. 1840, a. 2; Elizabeth, b. about 1842, m. Darius S. Gray of Gr., 7 Ap. 1864 ; Ruth Louisa, b. 16 June 1845. Orin the f., a farmer, d. 5 Mar. 1879, a. 78. 3. Horace S., s. of Orin (2), ni. Elizabeth H. Kilmer, pub. 10 May 1852, and had John S. S., h. 2 Ap. 1853; George W. M.. b. 4 Nov. 1855; Claudius Les- lie, b. 13 Jan. 1869, d. 21 Jan. 1869; Sarah Elizabeth, b. 1872, d. 19 Ap. 1872, a. 1 month and 19 days. 4. John M., s. of Orin (2), m. Louisa A. Richardson, pnb. 25 May 1858, and had a son b. 26 Dec. 1859; Edith Adista, h. 29 June 1861 ; Henn/ Lcroy, b. 11 Jan. 1.S63. Joseph, had dau. Abigail, who m. Bupbee, and d. at Bel. 2 Feb. 1861, a. 70. Elizabeth, of Gr., m. Silas Dean 30 Nov. 1768. Cathekixe, m. Isaac Cumniings, Jr., 11 May 17 74. Sarah, m. John Terry, Jr., 26 Sep. 1782. Alanson, m. Sarah J. Wyman 4 June 1874. Rand, Jacob D., s. of Thomas, b. in Charlestown, 30 Mar. 1778, was a cab- inet-maker, came early to Hk., and was published 12 Dec. 1801, to Esther, dau. of Dr. Lucius Doolittle. Her parents prevented the marriage, and he enlisted in the U. S. Army. After the surrender at Detroit by General Hull, in Aug. 1812, he returned to Hk. and consummated the long-delayed marriage, 21 Oct. 1813. His w. Esther d. 2 Sep. 1815, a. 30, and he m. Mrs. Selinda Fales 27 Jan. 1818. He had one child, William Dorrill, b. 14 June 1820. Jacob D. the f. res. between the Pet. road and the turnpike, at the ])lace marked " J. Rand " on the R. Map, and closed his checkered eai-thly life 8 Oct. 1840, a. 63. Randall, Josiaii, d. 6 Mar. 1809, a. 57. Holland, of Barre, in. Lydia Whipple, pub. 7 Ap. 1817. Sophronia, m. Zephaniah Spooner of Springf. 8 Ap. 1841. Eunice, m. Nehemiah H. Johnson of Illinois 21 Sep. 1841. Ruth, m. Anson F. Allen 14 June 1846, and d. 28 Aug. 1848, a. 27. Ranney, La Fayette, by wife Adeline E., had Julia Eliza, h. 24 Aug. 1847, d. 15 Jan. 1850 ; Ambrose L., h. 11 June 1849. La Fayette the f. was a physician, and res. near the Common. He remained not many years, and removed to New York. Ransom, Elizabeth, of Pelham, ra. Philip Fraker, pub. 2 June 1776. Richard, of Woodstock, Vt., m. Rosamond, widow of Ezra Winslow, pub. 26 Nov. 1801. Dr. David, of Carlville, N. Y., m. Harriet M. Towne 19 May 1840. Rawson, Edward, b. 16 Ap. 1615 at Gillinaham, Dorsetshire, England, is understood to have come to New England in 1637; he settled in Newbury, and was representative of that town seven years. He rem. to Boston in 1G50, hav- ing been that year elected secretary of the colony, which office he held until the old charter governnient was overturned in 1686. He m. in England " Rachel, dau. of Thomas Pirne or Perne," and had twelve chil., of whom the youngest was Grindull, b. 23 Jan. 1659. Edward the f. d. 27 Aug. 1693 ; his w. Rachel d. 11 Oct. 1677. See Savage's Gen. Diet., and Rawson Family. 2. Grindall, s. of Edward (1), grad. H. C. 1678, m. Susanna, dau. of Rev. John Wilson of Medfieid. and grand-daughter of Rev. John Wilson the first minister of Boston, and had eleven children, of whom the fifth was WUson, b. 23 June 1692. Gki.\d.a.ll the f. was the second minister of ^Nlendon (ordained 7 Ap. 1684), and d. 6 Feb. 1715; his w. Susanna d. 8 July 1748, a. S3. Sav- age's Gen. Diet. 3. Wilson, s. of Grindall (2), m. Margaret Arthur, and had WUson, b. 13 Aug. 1713; Priscilla, b. 17 Dec. 1715; Mary, b. 12 May 1717; Grindall, RAWSON — RAYMOND. 459 b. 13 July 1719; Eilwnrd, b. 2 Ap. 1721; Stephen, b. 2 Ap. 1722 or 1723; Paul, !). 9 Ap. 1725; Thomas, b. 2 May 1733. Wilson the f. was a farmer, res. in Mcndon. 4. Edward, s. of Wilson (3), m. IMary IMorsc, and had IlooJcer, b. 21 Ap. 1749 ; Edward, h. 19 June 1754, a physician in Leicester, where he d. in 1 786; Anna (or Nancy), b. 22 Sep. 1750, d. unm. in 1.S4.S; Arthur, b. 17 Nov. 1758; Mephiboshelh, b. 7 Au^j. 17G3, lived only two days. He had also Elizabeth, b. , ni. ])eac. Seth Cha])in of Mendon 27 Oct. 1767; and Man/, h. , ni. Dr. Levi Willard of INIendon 28 Ap. 1774. Edward the f. was deacon of tlie church in Mendon where his chil. were born. Late in life, he rem. to Leicester, and d. there 11 Feb. 1807. See Rawson Family, and Washburn's Hist, of Leicester. 5. Arthur, s. of Edward (4), m. Abitrail Childs of Barre 23 June 1785, and hatl. George, b. in Bavre 18 Dec. 1785 ; and in Hk., Edward, twin, b. 30 July 1787; Arthur, twin, b. 30 July 1787, clerk in the stove of Jason ]\lixter, rem. when younn; and became a merchant; Hope, b. 17 j\Iay 1789, m. Cutler Paige 15 Ap. 1813, and d. 23 Sep. 1867. Arthur the f. was a phvsician, res. on the road to Barre, at the place marked •' Dr. Stone " on the R. Map. He was somewhat involved in the Shays Rebellion; he was probably surgeon, for when he took the oath of allegiance, he "declared be never took np arms against government, only acted as physician." 3Iass. Arch., cxc. 168. He d. 25 Dec. 1796, at the early age of 38; his w. Abigail rem. to a house on the turn])ike, half a mile north from the Common, marked " S. Weston" on the R. Map, and d. 28 Sep. 1812, a. 53. Raymond, Wii.liam, by w. Deborah, had in Rochester, William, b. 7 Feb. 1711; Benjamin, b. 7 Dec. 1714; Daniel, b. 28 Mar, 1717; Paul, b. 11 Sep. 1718; JSLary, b. 12 Mar. 1720-21; Edward, b. 13 June 1724; Deborah, b. 28 Mar. 1727; Lemuel, b. 11 Nov. 1729, d. 24 Ap. 1733; Ehathan,h. ^ ^ov. 1731; Lemuel, h. 22 ,Ap. 1736. William the f. rem. from Beverly to Rochester, prob. soon after 13 Alay 1712^ at which date he bought a farm in that town, and the names of all his chil. are there entered on record. 2. Ben.iamin, s. of William (1), by w. INIercy, had Benjamin, b. 27 July 1738; Joanna, b. 11 IMay 1740, m. Asa Whitcomb 15 Mar. 1759, rem. to Barnard, Vt., and d. before 1809; John, bap. 12 Feb. 1743-4; Mercy, b. al)0ut 1746, m. William Paige 6 Oct. 1768, rem. to Ware, and d. while on a visit at Barnard 23 Jan. 1795, a. 48; Thankful, b. about 1748, m. James Paige 6 Oct. 1768, and d. 31 Aug. 1806, a. 58; Mary, prob. b. about 1751, m. James Law- ton, Jr., 3 Jan. 1771 ; he d. 1 Jan. 1804, and she m. Maj. James Paige (whose first wife was her sister), 22 Mar. 1807; Deborah, b. about 1754, m. Stewart Soutligate 22 July 1773, rem. to Barnard, and d. 28 Feb. 1813, a. 58. Benja- min the f. was a cooper; he res. in Rochester until 12 Ap. 1760, when he bought a farm in Hk. and prob. rem. at about that time, as he and his wife were admitted to church membership 6 Sep. 1761. He prob. res. on the farm which was afterwards the homestead of his son John, and d. 2 Oct. 17 79, a. nearly 65; his w. l\Iercy d. 26 May 1806, a. 86. 3. John, s. of Benjamin (2), m. Mercy, dau. of Dudley Jordan, 7 Mar. 1771, and had Benjamin, b. 9 Nov. 1771 ; Asa, h. 16 Nov. 1776. John the f. was a farmer, and res. on the road to Ware, near the town line, at the place marked " Capt. Raymond " on tlie R. Map. He Avas captain of militia, and generallv known by his military title. He d. 4 Oct. 1816, a. 72 ; his w. Mercy d. 4 (or "25) Feb. 1833, a. 87. 4. Asa, s. of John (3), m. Sybil Sumner 30 Nov. 1803, and had John, b. 3 Sep. 1804; Adah Bnllard, b. 20' July 1806, d. unm. 25 Sep. 1880; Polhi Sum- ner, b. 25 Nov. 1809; James Fitch, b. — Feb. 1814, d. 15 Ap. 1814 ; Sybil, b. 17 Oct. 1816, m. Sanuiel King of Barre 5 ]May 1840. Asa the f. was a far- mer, inherited the homestead, and d. 24 Aug. 1851, a. nearly 75 ; his w. Sybil d. 9 June 1846, a. 64. 5. John, s. of Asa (4), m. Sarah Ann, dau. of Luther Paige, 31 Mar. 1833, and liad one child which died in infancy. He inherited the homestead and was a farmer, but devoted much time to the service of the public ; lie was cap- 46 RAYMOND — RICE. tain of militia and justice of the peace; selectman seventeen j'ears; assessor eleven years; membei' of the school committee eight years; representative in the General Court in 1S40, and senator in 1850. He was accidentally killed by fallino; from a building 6 June 1854, a. nearly 50 ; his w. Sarah Ann d. 23 Sep. 18G1, a. 48. Record, Daniel, m. Prudence, dan. of Warhara Warner of N. Br., and had Jonathan Adams, b. 6 Oct. 1813; ]\Iarllia IL, h. 1 Ap. 1815; Andrew C, h. 15 Feb. 1817; Samuel C, b. 16 Jan. 1819. Daniel the f. res. at Barre, and d. 30 Nov. 1841, a. 56; his w. Prudence d. here, at the house of her son, Andreio C, 8 Ap. 1876, a. nearly 92. 2. Andrew C, s. of Daniel (1), m. Susan C. Thomas 23 Nov. 1852, and had Carrie L., b. 2 May 1859; Charlie A., b. 13 Jan. 1863 ; Minnie L., b. 15 Jan. 1865; Ma/lie G., b. 14 Sep. 1869. Andrew C. the f. kept the hotel near the C'ommon for several years, and after a temporaiy absence from the town returned and res. at the Furnace Village. Reed, Ebenezer, by w. Anna, had Moses, bap. 22 Oct. 1738. 2. Jonathan, by w. , had Abner, bap. 10 June 1739. 3. Micaii, a descendant from William ^ and IMabel (Kendall) of AVoburn, through George 2 and Elizabeth (Jennison) of Wob., William ^ and Abigail (Kendall) of Lexington, William* and Sarah (Poulter) of Lex., and Deac. Samuel 5 and Eunice (Stone) of Burlington, was born 28 Sep. 1746, m. Eliza- beth, dau. of John Paige, of Bedford, and had 3ficah, b. 19 Oct. 1773, m. Deborah, dau. of Samuel Thurston, of Hk., pub. 3 Ap. 1797, res. near Ditch Meadow, in New Braintree, where he kept a tavern, was colonel of cavalry, and d. 3 Aug. 1825 ; his w. d. 30 June 1828 ; Elizabeth, b. 25 Feb. 1779; Sam- uel, h. at Ilk. 11 June 1783, d. at Burlington, Vt., 5 May 1846; Eunice, b. 13 Jan. 1787, m. James Barr of N. Br., and (2d) Perley Granger. Micah the f. rem. to Hk. about 1780, and prob. to N. Br. afterwards. He d. by a fall from a scaffold 1 Mar. 1804; his w. Elizabeth d. 21 Mar. 1838, a. 89. Itiiamar, of Pet., m. Susanna Steward 16 Jan. 1749-50. Bathsheba, of Rehoboth, m. Abel Walker, pub. lo'Nov. 1801. Lydia, of Wendell, m. Oba- diah Rogers, pub. 3 Ap. 1815. Sally, m. Joshua Rogers of Gr., pub. 6 Oct. 1817. Molly, a pauper, d. unm. 22 Feb. 1822, a. 83. Albert, d. 4 Ap. 1835, a. 20. Rice, Edmund, was of Sudbury in 1639, rem. to Marlborough, and d. there 3 JNlay 1663. He had eight sons and three daughters. 2. Thomas, the third s. of Edmund (1), res. in Sudbury, and afterwards in Marlborough. By w. Mary, he had thirteen children, of whom the second was Thomas, b. 30 June 1654. 3. Thomas, s. of Thomas (2), had Thomas, b. 1683, m. Mary Oakes ; Charles, b, 7 July 1684; Eunice, b. 3 May 1686; Jason, b. 23 Feb. 1688; Jede- diah, b. 10 June 1690, m. Dorcas Wheeler; Abiel, twin, b. 11 Dec. 1692, d. 27 Dec. 1692; Anna, twin, b. 11 Dec. 1692, d. 25 Dec. 1692, Asher, b. 6 July 1694, was taken prisoner by the Indians 8 Aug. 1704, and long afterward redeemed; Adonijah, h. 11 Aug. 1696, also taken prisoner by the Indians 8 Aug. 1704, and declined to return from his captivity ; Perez, b. 23 July 1698 ; Vashti, h. 7 Mar. 1700, m. Daniel Hardy of Westborough 22 Dec. 1727; Be- riah, b. 20 Aug. 1702; Noah, b. , m. Hannah Warren. Thomas the f. res. in that part of Marlb. which afterwards became Westb., and repre- sented Marlb. several years in the General Court. His first wife, Mary, d. 13 May 1677, and he m. his cousin Anna Rice 10 Jan. 1681, who d. 2 May 1731, a. 69. He is said to have d. about 1747, a. 94. 4. Charles, s. of Thomas (3), m. Racliel Wheeler at Marlb. 26 Ap. 1711, and had Zebulon, b. 27 Feb. 1711-12; Solomon, b. 1 Sep. 1713 ; Adam, b. 18 Aug. 1715; Olir.er, b. 2 Mav 1717; Elijah, b. 26 June 1719 ; Anna, h. 6 May, 172^2, m. Ebenezer Rice; Zerviuh, b. 1 ]\Lay 1724 ; Adonijah, bap. 28 May 1727; Charles, b. 1 Mar. 1731; Abner, b. 17 Sep. 1732, a soldier in the Revolution- ary War. Charles the f. res. in that part of Marlb. which was afterwards Westb. 5. Perez, s. of Thomas (3), by w. Lydia, had P/a'ne«s, b. 4 Aug. 1724; RICE. 461 Jederllah, h. 2d ]\Iay 172fi; Ephraim, b. 14 Mar. 1729; Mchetabel, h. 3 Ap. 1731, prob. 111. Joseph AVilloughl)y, ])iib. 2 Aug. 1765, in Hk.; John, b. 1734; Benjamin, h. 1744; Bctsei/, h. 1747, in. Bartholomew Towne, Jr., 22 June 1 7G7 ; Stephen, b. 1 749. Pkuez the f. rem. about 1 732 from Westb. to Sutton, where his w. Lydia d. — Jan. 1793, a. 92. 6. Beuiaii, s. of Thomas (3), m. Mary Goodenow G June 1730-1, and had Jiide, b. 3 Dec. 1731; Asaph, b. 9 May 1733, grad. H. C. 17a2, practised medicine a few years at Brookfield, was ordained at Westminster, 16 Oct. 17G5, and d. in oflice, after a ministry of half a century, 30 Ap. 181G ; I'imothij, b. l.S Feb. 1735; Stephen, b. 15 Mar. 1737; Marij, b. 23 Mar. 1739; Sarah, b. 22 Mar. 1741 ; Lunj, b. 19 Mar. 1743; Rachel, b. 1 May 1745; Beriah, bap. IG Aug. 1747; Benjamin, b. 11 May 1749. Beriah the f. res. at Westb. until about 1748, when he rem. to AnnapoUs, N. S.^ 7. Solomon, s. of Charles (4), by w. Anna, had Thankful, b. prob. about 1742, m. Edward Iliggins of Palmer 17 Oct. 1764; Antipas, b. about 1744; Jonas, bap. 2G Oct. 1746, m. Patty Whittemore; Hannah, bap. 22 May, 1748, m. Jonathan Fisk of Shelbunie 18 Jan. 1770; Moses, twin, b. 23 Oct. 1749; Aai-on, twin, b. 23 Oct. 1749, d. unm. 7 Aug. IBIG; Elizabeth, b. 12 Sep. 1751, m. John jNims of Shelburne 4 Feb. 1771; Lucy, b. 31 Oct. 1753, ni. Martin Rice of Charlemont, 6 July 1779; Martf, b. 24 Sep. 1755, m. Joseph Hewes of Lyme, Conn., 5 Oct. 1780; Ruth, b. 2 Feb. 1757, m. John Kice of Charlemont 6 Mar. 1782; Joel, b. 13 Ap. 1760. Solomox the f. rem. from Westb. to Hardwick in 1749, where the names of his chil. b. then and afterwards are re- corded. He was a soldier, 1757, in the French War, and d. 11 Mar. 1802, a. 88 ; his w. Anna d. 9 Ap. 1802, a. 86. 8. Oliver, s. of Charles (4), m. Hannah Barrett of Grafton 30 June 1742, and had ten children b. in lik.; but the record is mutilated so that the names of four are lost; those wliicli remain are Isaac, b. 12 Oct. 1742; Stephen, b. 20 Feb. 1744-5, m. Thankful Glazier 23 Oct. 1770; Sarah, b. 4 Feb. 1746-7: Zerviah, h. 16 Jan. 1748-9, m. Abner Marble of Pet. 19 Ap. 1768; Levina, h. 6 July 1751, m. Zachariah Harwood of Bennington, Vt., 30 Ap. 1767, and d. 6 Sep. 1808; , 1753; , 1756; , 11 Aug. 1757; , 1759; Susan, b. 24 June 176-, m. Stephen Watkins of Athol 6 Mar. 1789. Oliver the f. rem. from Westb. to Hk., prob. soon after 5 Oct. 1739, at which date he bought a farm of Samuel Robinson. He served in the French War, in 1756 and 1757. Late in life he rem. to Bennington, Vt., whei-e he died. 9. Phineas, s. of Perez (5), m. Hannah Cummins of Sutton in 1743, and had (all apparently born here) Nathaniel, b. 18 Sep. 1745, ni. Elizabeth Law- rence 24 Nov. 1768; Hannah, b. 26 July 1747, m. John Haskell, pub. 22 July 17G5; Mary, b. 10 Feb. 1751, m. Eli Freeman 26 Mar. 1767; Elizabeth, b. 6 July 1753 ; Abiyail, b. 17 Ap. 1755, m. Stephen Johnson 31 May 1774; Ruth, b. 12 Feb. 1758; Noah, b. 1760, m. Prudence Luce 30 Aug. 1781. Phineas the f. rem. i)rob. from Sutton to Hk. before 1745, and seems to have rem. after 1760 to Rutland District, now Barre, which is described as the residence of his children at the date of their marriage. 10. Jedediau, s. of Perez (5), by w. Mehetabel, had Mehetabel, b. 27 May 1750, m. Rand White of Spencer; Tabitha, b. 16 Feb. 1752; Jedediah, b. 26 Feb. 1754 ; x\nna, b. 27 Jan. 1756. Jedediah the f. was a physician, and res. on the road leading from the Mandell Farm to Ruggles Hill; he came here before 11 Ap. 1749, and d. 4 Ap. 1756, before he had quite attained the age of 30 years; his w. Mehetabel m. David Knapp of Spencer 27 Sep. 1759. 11. Ephraim, s. of Perez (5), seems to have res. here several years, thou"-h no trace is found of wife or children. He was a soldier in the French War, 1756, and sold to Andrew Haskell, 28 Feb. 1761, a hundred acres of land, in Hk., which he had previously bought of Aaron Thomas. 12. Stephen, s. of Beriah (6), m. Dorothy Woods of Marlb. 10 Nov. 1763, and had Ashbel, b. 27 May 1765 ; Mary, b. 18 May 17G7, ui. Nathan Freeman 1 Ap. 1790; Hepzibah, b. 12 Feb. 1771, d. unm. ; Lucy, b. 12 Mar. 1773, 1 Thus far I have relied chiefly for names and dates on Ward's History of the Rice Family. 462 RICE. (1. nnm. ; LyrJia, b. 25 Jan. 17 75, d. unni. ; Stephen, bap. 8 June 1777; Thomas, bap. 9 June 1782. The names of all these chil. are recorded as if born here; but in the deed of his farm, dated 26 Ap. 1771, Stephen the f. is described as of Erookficld. If this was the date of his removal, he very soon attained a prominent position in the town, being elected in 1774 selectman, assessor, a member of the committee of correspondence, delegate to the convention of committees at Worcester, and delegate to the first pro- vincial congre.-s at Concord, to which last-named office he was again elected in 1775, and also representative in the General Court. At the organization of the militia by the town, 22 Sep. 1774, he was elected lieutenant; he became captain before 22 INJay 1 7 75, and was elected lieutenant-colonel by the General Court 10 Ap. 177C, in which capacity he marched with Col. Cushing's regi- ment " on the alarm to Bennington," July 17 77, and served several months ; he remained in office until the reorganization of the militia in 1781, after the adoption of the Constitution. He was selectman four years, assessor two years, and representative three years. He was a farmer, and res. on the turnpike, somewhat more than a mile north from the Common, at the place marked " C. Paige " on the 11. Map. Though rather short in stature, he seemed to be burdened by an excess of flesh until he was about seventy years old ; after which he became very thin, but retained his vigor and activity. He d. 24 Nov. 1831, a. nearly 95; his w. Dorothy, with whom he lived in wedlock almost 63 years, d. 15 Oct. 1826, a. 83. All the chil. were living 20 Ap. 1821, the date of their father's will. 13. AxTiPAS, s. of Solomon (7), m. Thankful Rider 27 Oct. 1774, and had Selh, b. 24 Feb. 1776, m. Polly Hammond of Hawley, pub. 9 Nov. 1800; Solo- mon ; Timothy ; Anna, h , m. Thomas Willis 16 Nov. 1800; Mercy ; Polly. Such are the names mentioned in the will of Antipas the f., dated 1 Feb. 1802, in which provision is made for the maintenance of his aged parents, both of whom, however, died within a few weeks afterwards. He d. 10 Feb. 1802. 14. Isaac, s. of Oliver (8), m. Mehetabel Stearns of Worcester 1 Dec. 1768, and had John, b. 29 Mar. 1770; Clark, b. 4 Ap. 1772; Charles, b. 14 Aug. 1774; Lucinda, b. 7 Sep. 1776. Isaac the f. was one of the "minute-men" who marched from Ilardwick to Cambridge, on the Lexington alarm, in April 1775. 15. AsriHEL, s. of Stephen (12), m. Polly, dau. of Capt. Seth Peirce 15 Sep. 1793; she d. 7 June 1802, and he m. Sylvina, dau. of David Waite of N. Br., pub. 21 June 1807. His chil. were Horace, b. 1794; Mary P., b. 1795, in. Horace S. Childs of Brandon, Vt., 15 Oct. 1817, and d. at Chicago about 1880; Albert F., b. • Aug. 1810; Sylvina, b. — Sep. 1812, d. unm. 25 Nov. 184 9, a. 37. Asiibel the f. res. on the old River road, about a mile southerly from the Furnace, at the place marked " A.. Rice " on the R. Map. He was a farmer, and while at work on his farm was killed by a fall from a load of hay 17 July 1845, a. 80; his w. Sylvina d. 3 Dec. 1860, a. 84. 16. Stephen, s. of Stejihen (12), m. Fanny, dau. of James Paige, 4 Sep. 1811, and had Eltza Ann, b. 13 Jan. 1814, m. John P. Robinson of Brk. 18 Feb. 1835, and rem. to Boston. Stephen the f. was a farmer, res. on the homestead, and \jas killed by a fall from a hay-cart, in front of the new ceme- tery, 16 Aug. 1821 ; his w. Fanny m. Capt. Moses Allen, ])ub. 7 ^Nlay 1825, and d. in Boston 15 Feb. 1873, a. nearly 89. 17. Thomas, s. of Stephen (12), grad. Y. C. 1803, studied law, and com- menced {)ractice with good prospect of success; but his passionate fondness for music predominated over his love for the law, and he abandoned the profession entirely. He was a genial companion, fond of society and its indulgences, of respectable attainments and gentlemanly deportment, but lacked the energy necessary to success. After gaining a precarious livelihood for several years, he escaped the snare, and cast off the bonds which had enslaved him. He became master of his appetites, rem. to Vermont, and devoted himself to the teaching of music, for which employment he was admirably (jualitied, both by taste and practice. He is reported to have been successful in obtaining a com- petency for the supply of his personal wants, together with the approbation of RICE — RICHARDS. 463 his j)iipils an<, b. 16 Mar. 1782, d. at Springf! 30 Dec. 1858; David, b. 3 Feb. 1784; Ehenezer, b. 12 June 1786 ; Rebecca, h. 15 Jan. 1789, m. Aaron Johnson, Jr., 14 May 1807; William, b. 4 May 1791; Whiting, b. 11 May 1793, d. — Sep. 1854; Leonard, h. 10 May 1795, d. 22 Jan. 1796; Lyman Wil- lard, b. 23 Feb. 1797; Clarissa, b. 24 Oct. 1799, m. Samuel Warner of Springf. 11 July 1820, and d. 15 Oct. 1867; Wyatt, b. 8 Mar. 1802; Mary Fuller, b. 15 Jan. 1805, m. Nathaniel R. Moseley of Springf. 9 Oct. 1823. David the f. rem. to Hk. soon after his marriage, res. in the northwesterly part of the town, about a quarter of a mile northerly from the turnpike, was a farmer, and d. 29 Dec. 1817, a. nearly 63 ; his w. Chloe d. 24 May 1840, a. 79. 6. David, s. of David (5), m. Sarah M. Mitchell at Keene, N. H. 2 Dec. 1810; she d. 2 Ap. 1814, and he m. Nancy Jackson at Hk. 20 Sep. 1821; she d. 8 Nov. 1822, and he m. Elizabeth Shackford at Boston, 22 Oct. 1826. His chil. were Surah Mitchell, h. 11 Oct. 1811, d. 24 Oct. 1822; Georr/e Osgood, b. 18 July 1813, d. at Warren 9 Oct. 1855; William Spencer, b. 1 Jan. 1828; John D., h. 12 Mar. 1830, d. 6 Feb. 1832; Mary Elizabeth, b. 14 Au2. 1832; ST. 469 Howe of X. Rr., and dau. of Gen. Jonatlian Warner of Ilardwick. His chil., all b. ill BenninL^ton, were Mosex, b. 16 Nov. 17().'?, ni. Ruth Dewey, and d. 29 or 80 Jan. 1.S25; Manj, h. 3 Ap. 17G5, d. — Nov. 1769; Aaron, h. 4 May 1767, m. S;irah Hopkins, and (2d) ^lary Lyman; Samuel, b. 10 Fel). 1769, in. Sainantlia Brush, and d. 7 Jan. 1S20; Nai}ian,h. 4 Mar. 1772, ni. Jernsha Staniford, and d. 27 Sep. 1812 (their son John Staniford Robinson, b. 10 Nov. 1804, grad. W. C. 1S24, a lawyer, representative two years, senator two years, Governor of" Vermont in 1853, res. in Bennington, and d. 24 A|). 1860 at Charleston, S. C); Elijah, b. 12 Aug. 1774, d. young; Elijah, b. 15 Mar. 1778, d. young; Fai/, b. 1783, in. Seraph Howe, and d. 2 Nov. 1816. Mosp:s the f. was one of tlie foremost citizens of Bennington and of Vermont. He was elected deacon 22 May 1789, and remained in oflice through life. " He was chosen town cleric at the first meeting of the town, and for nineteen years; colonel of the militia, and at thi; head of his regiment at ]\Iount Independence on its evacuation by Gen. St. Clair; member of the famous Council of Safety at the time of the Battle of Bennington, and during the campaign of that year; chief justice in the Supreme Court on its first organization, and for ten years, when he was elected, 1789, to the office of governor of the State by the Legislature; in 1782 one of the agents of Vermont in the Continental Congress; and on the admission of Vermont into the Union one of the senators in " Con- gress" ^ in 1791. The degree of A. ^L was conferred on him by Y. C. in 1789, and by D. C. in 1790. He rem. to Bennington with his father in 1761, and d. there 26 May 1813; his w. Susanna d. 2 Ap. 1844, a. nearly 7 7. 7. Silas, s. of Samuel (3),ni. Susanna, dau. of Thomas Weeks, 2 Oct. 1766, and had Paul, b. — June 17G8, in. Anna Safford, and d. 1824; Suscmna, b. 1770, m. Sparrow, and (2d) Wheeler Branch, and d. 2 Nov. 1806 ; Silas, b. — Mar. 1772, in. Esther Gotfe. Silas the f. rem. to Bennington with his father in 1761. Though less distinguished than his brothers in ollicial transactions, he exhibited the family energy in the New York controversy, and was imprisoned in the Albany jail nearly a year for his participation in the " riots," so styled, but was at last liberated without trial.- During the Ben- nington Battle, while his brother Moses was performing his arduous duty at the Catamount Tavern as one of the Committee of Safety, Silas and his brotli- ers Leonard and David were in the midst of the conflict, as members of the company commanded by their brother Samuel. After the war he is said to have rem. to St. Albans, where both he and his w. Susanna died. 8. David, s. of Samuel (3), m. Sarah, dau. of Capt. Stephen Fav; she d. 25 Jan. 1801, and hem. Eunice Wall)ridge; she d. 25 June 1813, and he m. Nancy, wid. of George Church of Hartford. His chil. were Sarah, b. 27 May 1775; David, b. 12 July 1777, grad. W. C. 1797, a lawyer, res. in Ben , and d. 15 Mar. 1858; B.uth, b. 8 May 1779; Stfiphen, b. 15 Aug. 1781, a member of the Assem- bly and judge of the County Court, m. Sarah Hubbell, and d. 26 June 1852; Hiram, h. 10 Aug. 1783, d. 20 Feb. 1784 ; Hinnn, b. 15 Feb. 1785, d. — Sep, 1786; Hemaii, b. 1 Feb. 1787, in. Betsey Wadsworth, had twelve chil. (of whom Judge Albert D. Rol)inson was one), and d. 26 Feb. 1837. David the f. rem. " to Bennington with his father in 1761, being then a lad of seven years. He was in the Battle of Bennington as a private in the militia, and afterwards rose by regular promotion to the i-ank of major-general, which office he re- signed about 1817. He was sheriff of the county for twenty two years, ending in 1811, when he was appointed United States marshal for the Vermont Dis- trict, which office he held for eight years, until 1819." ^ He d. 11 or 12 Dec. 1843, a. 89; his w. Nancy d. 18 Dec. 1845, a. 82. 9. Joxathax, s. of Samuel (3), m. Mary, dau. of John Fassett, and had Jonathan Edwards, b. 4 Aug. 1777, grad. W. C. 179 7, was a lawyer, town clerk nine years, and judge of the Countv Court in 1828; Man/, b. 8 Sep. 1781, m. Col. Orsamus C. iMerrill, and d. 1 Feb. 1831; Henri/, b. 26 Aug. 1788; "he was successively paymaster in the army, clerk in the pension ofiice, brig- adier-general of the militia, and for ten years clerk of the County and Supreme 1 Memorials of a Century, p. 234. 3 Memorials of a Century, p. 239. 2 Thouipsou's Mist. Vermont, pt. ii. p. 21. 470 ROBINSON. Court;" ^ Isaac Tichenor,h. 17 Au^. 1790, ni. Maria, dan. of Deac. Aaron Hubbfll, and d. 1866. Jonathan the f., like his father and his elder brothers, was distingiii.-hed for enerjxy and intellectual visjor. " He was a law- yer, and was eai'ly in public life. He was town clerk six years ; represented the town thirteen years; was chief judf^e of the Supreme Court from 1801 to 1807. He was then chosen senator to Congress, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of Israel Smith; and Avas also senator for the succeeding term of six years, which expired March 3, 1815. In October 1815 he became judge of probate and held the office for four years, and in 1818 again repre- sented the town in the General Assembly." ^ The degree of A. M. was con- ferred on him by D. C. in 1790. He went to Bennington in his boyhood, and d. there 3 Nov/l819, a. 63. His w. Mary d. 15 Jnlyl822, a. 67. 10. Samuel Leonard, s. of Leonard (4), m. Kezia, dau. of Deac. Eben- ezer Willis, 20 June 1793, and had Susanna, b. 27 Dec. 1793, m. Thomas El- well, 25 Ap. 1819, and d. 16 Nov. 1822; Clarissa, b. 27 Aug. 1795, m. Ira Ramsdell 11 May 1823; Chloe, h. 11 Oct. 1797, m. Benjamin Rider, Jr., of Charton, O., 17 Sep. 1827; Marcus, b. 3 Oct. 1799, m. Deborah Brown of Enf. 25 ]Mar. 1822, and d. 19 Mar. 1835 (his w. Deborah m. Alexander Bart- lett of Belh. 5 Dec. 1838); Adeline, b. 6 Nov. 1803, m. Thomas Eiwell 19 Oct. 1823; Ehenezer Willis, b. ; besides these he was probably father of Lucinda, h. , m. Warren Day of N. Sal. 30 Mar. 1829; Samuel L., b. , m. Sally S. Moulton 19 Ap. 1835; Kezia, b. , m. Warren Billings of Amh., pub. 20 May 1843; Mary, b. 1814, d. 7 Aug. 1818, a. 4. Sam- uel Leonard the f. was brought here by his mother when a young child, was a farmer, res. on the westerly border of the town near the southeast cor- ner of Greenwich, at the place marked " S. Robinson" on the R. Map. Though not in public life, he exhibited many of the sterling characteristics of his race. lie d. 18 Jan. 1863, a. nearly 96; his w. Kezia d. 13 July 1856, a. 80. SECTION IL RoBiNSOX, Thomas, liaving lost his first w., m. Mary, wid. of Jolin Woody and dau. of John Cogau ^ of Boston, 11 Jan. 1652-3; she d. 26 Oct. 1661, and he m. wid. Elizabeth Sherman. His chil. were John, b. , a merchant (named in his father's will 17 Mar. 1665-6, and then '-supposed to be in England"); Samuel, b. -, a merchant, d. unm. 16 Jan. 1661-2, a. 24; Josiali, 1). , " apprentice to Mr. Josei)h Rocke," ^ d. 17 Ap. 1660; Ephra- im, b. , d. 22 Sep. 1661; Thomas, bap. at Scituate 5 Mar. 1653-4; James, b. at Boston 14 Mar. 1654-5, d. — Sep. 1676 ; Jospph, bap. 8 Mar. 1656-7, m. Sarah , and d. — Ap. 1703; 3Iar7j, bap. 28 Feb. 1657-8, d. young; Mary bap. 6 Nov. 1659, m. Jacob Green, Jr., of Charlestown 8 Jan. 1676-7, Thomas the f. was in Scituate as early as 1640, when he bought land of William Gillson, and represented that town in the General Com-t of Plymouth at its session in October 1643. He was also deacon, probably of the second church in Scituate.^ In August and Se])tember, 1654, he bought two estates, adjoining each other, on the Aveslerly side of Washington Sti'eet, directly op- 2)0site to the Old South Church, in Boston, bounded on the south by the lot on which the Province House was afterwards erected, and having a depth of two hundred and seventy feet. Here he prob. res. during the remainder of his life, though he seems to have retained Ins connection with the church at Scituate, as all his children by the second marriage, except James, were bap- tized there. There are reasons for believing that he was son of the celebrated Rev. John Robinson of Leyden, pastor of the Church of Pilgrims which came to Plymouth in 1620. Isaac Robinson, unquestionably a son of the Rev. 1 Menioj-inls of a Century, p. 248. * Joseph Rocke was a merchant, and mar- 2 Ibid. p. 244. ried a sister of Deacon Robinson's second 3 John Cof^an (otherwise written Coggan) wife. is said ijy Snow (Hist. Boston) to have ^ Deane's Hist, of Scituate, pp. 35, 275, "opened (he tirst siiop in IJoston;" it was 332, and Plymouth Col. Etc., ii. 03. on the nortiieast corner of \\'ashingtou and State Streets. ROBINSON. 471 John Robinson, settled at Scituate at the same time, or at very nearly the same time, that Thomas made his purchase of a homestead there ; and it is not unreasonable to infer kinship. At the same time, it must be confessed that no authentic evidence of the supposed fact has yet been discovered, and that the name Tliomas is not found in any known catalojjne purportin;; to contain the names of his children. Hut whatever his ancestry, Deacon Robinson wrouj^ht out a jrood name for himself, which he left as a rich inheritance to his poster- ity, lie d. 23 Mar. 1(505-6 ; his w. Elizabeth d. in 1667. 2. Thomas, s. of Thomas (1), m. Sarah, dau. of Edward Denison^ of Rox- bury, and had Thomas, b. 5 JSiov. 1077, m. Sarah Beswick 20 June 1707, and d. s. p. 15 Feb. 1729-30; Sarah, bap. 28 Dec. 1679, m. John Ino;oldsl)ury 4 IMay 1704, and (2d) John Perry 27 J\Iay 1707; Joseph, bap. 20 Nov. IGSl,' d. youn<^r; Elizabeth, h. 26 Sep. lOSO, d. youn;^ ; James, h. 15 Mar. 1689-90. Tiio:mas the f. inherited a part of the homestead, where he resided; he also inherited from his (grandfather Co^an the house and store on the northerly corner of State and Washington streets. He was a cordwainer, and d. — June 1700 ; his w. Sarah d. in Roxbury 15 Nov. 1710, a. 53. 3. Jamks, s. of Thomas (2), m. Patience, dau. of Capt. Samuel Rugules^ of Roxbury, 3 July 1711, and had, in Boston, James, b. 1 Mar. 1711-12; Thomas, h. 15 Sep. 1713, d. young; and in Rochester, Samuel, h. 1 Nov. 1715; Thomas, b. 20 Ap. 1718; Sarah, b. 9 July 1720, m. Ebenezer Spooner of Rochester, pub. 3 Jan. 174.5-6; Dorothy, b. 10 Mar. 1722-3, m. David Peckham 27 Oct. 1743, and (2d) Maj. Elnatl'ian Haskell 26 Nov. 1749. and d. at Roch. 25 Sep. 1810 ; JJeuison, b. i6 July 1725; Joseph, b. 13 Sep. 1727; Hannah, b. 16 Nov. 1730, m. Benjamin Green 31 Aug. 1764.^ James the f. was a housewright; he inherited the homestead on Washington Street, Boston, which he sold 7 Feb. 1711-12, and bought a house on the southerly side of Boylston Street; this also he sold 12 April 1714, and rem. to Rochester, attracted probably by the fact that Rev. Timothy Ruggles, a brother of his wife, was there settled in the ministry. He resided in Roch. until the spring of 1757, when he ex- changed his farm in Roch. for another in Hardwick, where several of his chil. had already settled. Of his eight surviving chil. Dorothy alone remained in Roch.; all the others were in Hardwick and Barre. His res. here was on the road to Ware, about two miles from the Common, at the place marked '•Mr. Leonard" on the R. Map. He d. shortly before 11 Mar. 1762 (when his will was approved), a. 72; his w. Patience d. — Jan. 1768, a. 78. 1 Edward Denison was son of William ^ A. printed Record, preserved in the old- Denison, one of the earliest inhabitants of est branch of this family, and exhil)ited to Roxbury. He had two brothers, — Daniel, me by the widow of Col. Joseph Robinson, the Maj. -General of the Massachusetts Col- shortly before her death, differs from the oiiy durinfj " I'hilip's War," and George, a text in regard to some of the dates, wliich successful and distinguished captain of Con- were copied from the official records of Bos- necticut troops during the same war ; both ton and Rochester. I give it a place liere: — also rendered important service as legisla- " I, James Robinson, was born the 15th tors and magistrates. Edward manifested no taste for military atfairs; but he was use- ful as selectman, town clerk, and representa- tive. He ni. Elizabeth, dau. of Capt. Joseph Weld, had eleven children, and d. 20 Ap. 1068; his w. Hlizalieth d. 5 Feb. 1716-7, a. 91. One son and five daughters survived him; the son, William, grad. H. C. 1081, m. Dorothy Weld, was a teacher, selectman of March 1089-90. Patience, mv wife, was born November 7th 1090. My eldest son James was born February 29th 1711-12. Mv second son Thomas was born Septem- ber i3th, 1713, and dyed December 10th fol- lowing. Mv third son Samuel was born November four years, town clerk fourteen j'ears, and 1st 1714. representative of Roxbury twenty years; he d. s. p. 22 Mar. 1717-18, a. 63, and the name became extinct in this l)rancli; of the daugh- ters, Elizabeth m. Jacliin Rayner ; Mar//aret ni. Daniel Mason, and from them descended the eminent lawyer Jeremiah Mason; Mary and A son, born March 11th 1710- lived 12 hours. Aly son Thomas was born April 20th 1718. Mj' daughter Sarah was born Julv 9th 1720. My daughter Dorothy was born February Joseph Tompson; Hannah m. Ralph 25th 1723-4. Bradluirst; and Sarah m. Thomas Robin- My son Denison was born July 10th 1725. son, as in the text. My son Joseph was born September 13th - Capt. Samuel Ruggles m. TNIartha, dan. 1727. of Rev. John Woodbridge, by his wife i\Iy daugliter /7^a?«!a/t was born November Merc\', dau. of Gov. Thomas Dudley. 10th 1730." 472 EOBINSOK 4. James, s. of James (3), m. Elizabeth, clau. of Benjamin Smith, 3 July 1739, and had Jamex, b. 7 Sep. 1740, d. young; Elizahelh, b. 14 Jan. 1742-3, m. Asahel Billings, pub. 29 Ap. 17G5, and d."l3 Dec. 182G; Joseph, bap. 7 Ap. 1745; Benjamin, bap. 13 Sep. 1747; Patience, bap. 29 July 1750, m. Josepli Nye, pub. 24 Ap. 1771; Hannah, bap. 2 Aug. 1752, m. Benjamin Jenkins of Barre; j\Iary, bap. 20 Ap. 1755, m. Nathaniel Ruggles of Pomfret, Conn.; Sarah, bap. 7 May 1758, prob. d. young; Susan, bap. 20 Aji. 1760, prob. d. young. James the f. was one of the very earliest pioneers in what was then a Avilderness, and res. on the River road to Barre, at or near tlie spot marked " Col. Robinson " on the R. Map. His farm, bounded easterly on the river and nortlierly on the Barre line, was included in New Braintree when that town was incorporated, and was annexed to Hard wick 10 June 1814. He was distinguished for his industry, economy, and strict honesty; and, as a natural result, he accumulated a comparatively large estate. It is related, as one of his peculiarities, that he held corn at a fixed value; that he would never sell his crop at a less nor even at a greater price; that he once rebuked a neighl)or for taking what he called an extortionate price, who ex- cused himself saying, that he could not well spare the corn, but the woman in- sisted on having it. " A woman 1 " said he; " so much the worse I" " But she offered me so much." " Then you should have beaten her down." He d. 21 May 1790, a. 78 ; liis w. Elizabeth, who fully equalled him in industry and economy, survived him. 5. Samuel, s. of James (3), m. Elizabeth, dau. of Joseph Dotv, Jr., of Rochester, 20 Oct. 1737, and had Samuel, h. 22 Nov. 1742; Sarah, \h 31 Oct. 1744, m. Aaron Hunt 24 Oct. 1765; Isaac, b. 20 Jan. 1746-7, a physician, settled in Chesterfield about 1771, ret. to Hk. about 1782, and after 1 Mar. 1788 rem. to Stamford, Vt. ; Joseph, b. 29 Feb. 1752. Samuel the f. was a weaver; he rem. from Rochester to Hard wick before 13 May 1740, at which date he bought a farm on the River road to Barre, adjoining the estate of his brother James, and prob. res. there until 31 Aug. 1762, when ho purchased of his sister Hannah their father's homestead on the Ware road. His death does not appear on record; but the widow of his son Joseph informed me, many years ago, tliat he d. in Mar. 1784, and that his w. Elizabeth rem. to Vermont (prob. to Stamford, where her son Isaac resided), and d. about 1805, a. 88. 6. Thomas, s. of James (3), m. Mary, dau. of Capt. Eleazar Warner, 23 Nov. 1744, and had Denison, h. 18 Sep. 17^16 ; Thomas, b. 10 Feb. 1753 ; Mary, b. 3 Dec. 1758, m. Timothy Paige, Esq., 20 Jan. 1780, and d. 29 Mar. 1836. Tho:\ias the f. came to Hardwick when a young man, and at first engaged in farming. He resided on the River road to Barre, on the farm adjoining that of his brother Samuel. Within a few years, however, he rem. to the Furnace Village, and res. at the place marked " T. Elwell" on the R. Map (now the residence of Mr. Joseph N. Lincoln). Here he kept a store and tavern, and also managed a saw-mill and grist-mill, on iSIoose Brook. He was prosperous in business, insomuch that only three ])ersons in the town were assessed for a larger property than his in 1776; but of this plentiful estate he sacrificed tlie larger part, if not absolutely the whole, in the Revolutionary contest, in which he was actively engaged from the beginning to the end. He was one of the grand jurors who refused, 19 Ap. 1774, to be impanelled at Worcester if Peter Oliver, the chief justice, should be present. He was elected lieutenant of an "Alarm List" 9 Jan. 1775, and was afterwards styled captain. He was a selectman five years, a member of the Committee of Correspondence five years, and served on various other important connnittees during that troublous period. He sold his real estate, consisting of one hundred and fifty acres, in five parcels, in and near the Furnace Village, with the saw-mill and grist-mill, to Capt. Benjamin Convers 19 Oct. 1780, for £20,000, in the de- ])reciated currency of that period, and subsequently rem. to Windsor, but re- turned again after a few years. About 1799, his mental faculties liaving be- come impaired, and both of his sons having left the town, he and his aged wife became inmates of their daughter's family, where he d. 4 (or 5) Jan. ROBINSON. 473 1802, a. nearly 84; his w. j\[ary d. 7 Awj;. 1812, a. S8. Ilcr yonna;est and last surviving; grandchild, while tracinp; these lines, elierishes a fresh and affec- tionate reuKMuhrance of her manifold kindness to him in the d.ays of his child- hood and youth. 7. Dexison, s. of James (3), ni. Martha, dau. of Elijah Perry of Sandwich, 12 Oct. 1752, and had at Rochester, Luoj, hap. 5 Au2l{Seth Banister, b. 14 Mar. 1828, m. Carrie M. Lee of New York 12 June 1860; Lewis Howe, h. 7 Oct. 1829, d. 7 Oct. 1848; John Niles, b. 29 ]\Iar. 1833, m. Elizabeth Brown of Brimfield 17 May 1859; Eliza A.,h. 7 May 1842; William A., b. 18 Jan. 1847, d. 27 Aug. 1848. Joseph the f. was a farmer, and res. on the home- stead in Hk. until about 1840, when he rem. to Barre. > He was a selectman 1827, 1828, and 1830, and colonel of a regiment of cavalrv. He d. 10 July 1877, a. 81 ; his w. Caroline C. (b. 6 Jan. 1806) d. 11 July 1879. 19. Joseph, s. of Joseph (12), m. Rachel, dau. of Capt. Elijah AVarner, 2 Ap. 1811, and had Joseph Warner, h. 1 Sep. 1814; Elij(di \Varner, b. 31 Jan. 1821, m. Elizabeth Eunice, dau. of Asa Clark, 23 Oct. 1855; she d. 19 ROBINSON. 475 Mar. 1881 ; Jas^on Mixter, b. 6 Oct. 1822, res. on the homestoad ; Harriet Jane, b. 6 Ap. 1831, m. William lirowniiicr 5 Ap. 1849 ; he d. 16 Mar. 1858, and slic ni. Albert K. Knight 5 Ap. 1866, and d. 16 Sep. 1869; Sarah M., b. 18,'M, ni. Josepli 11. Robinson 20 Jnne 1854. Joskph the f. was a farmer, and fur several years eultivated the General Warner farm in the centre of the town (now owned by Mr. Frazier Paige), where also he kept a tavern ; he afterwards bought the Jenney farm, on the road to Ware, about two miles and three quarters from the Connnon, marked " J. Robinson " on the R. Map, where he res. during the remainder of his life. He was a select- man three years, and d. 23 Oct. 1854, a. 72; his w. Rachel d. 6 Oct. 1863, a. 75. 20. JosiAU QuiNCY, s. of Denison (13), m. Sally Brown 23 July 1797, and had Daniel Deniiton, b. 29 Ap. 1798, a lawyer in Adams, in. Amelia Bowles, had .son Josiah Quincy, and d. 14 Oct. LS27; Benjamin Franklin, b. 3 Dec. 1801, m. Eliza B. Whitniore, a merchant and civil magistrate, res. in Adams (now North Adams). Josiah Quincy the f., born in llardwick, was carried with the family to Windsor, and there worked on the farm until he attained maidiood. lie was afterwards a successful merchant and civil mag- istrate in Adams, and still later in North Adams, where he d. 29 Aug. 1856, a. 80; his av. Sally d. 14 Mar. 1856. 21. Dexisox, s. of Denison (13), m. Lydia Jenks, and had Jlohert Jenks, b. , who settled in Vermont. Dexisox the f. commenced business, with a fair prospect of success, but died prematurely 27 Nov. 1807, a. not quite 27 years. 22. RoBEKT Cutler, s. of Denison (13), m. Sophia, dau. of Rev. James Bri/hi\ b. 29 Aug. 1804, d. 14 Jan. 1819; Dorus Dwight, b. 9 June 1806; Mary (or Mercy) Taylor, b. 29 Aug. 1808, d. unm. 5 Dec. 1841; Convers Cut- ler, b. 24 Jan. 1811, m. Mary L. Smith 20 June 1833, and rem. to Ware ; Rhoda Taylor, b. 15 June 1813, m. Zemira F. Shumway 11 Feb. 1835; Ar- minda Spooner, b. 25 Nov. 1815, m. Cutler Barnes 20 Dec. 1837; Fidelia Fay, b. 6 Mar. 1818, m. George P. Danforth of Dana, pub. 4 Ap. 1843 ; Eunice Ann, b. 23 Aug. 1820, m. Horace Terry, ])iib. 7 Ap. 1843. Martin the f. res. in the northerly part of the town, but perhaps rem. to Gr. after the death of his wife, where he was drowned in a well, 23 Feb. 1857, a, 86 ; his w. Elizabeth d. here 14 Nov. 1853, a. nearly 76. 4. Medad, s. of James (2), m. Cynthia Parkhnrst 12 Nov. 1810, and had Roxana,h. 20 June 1811; Charles, h. 17 Aug. 1814, d. at Springf. 11 Aug. 1873; Pamelia, h. 1 Mar. 1816. Medad the f. res. on or near the homestead, and d. 26 Jan. 1824. 5. James P., s. of JNIartin (3), m. Eliza Shumway 5 Mar. 1822, and had Enos, h. 1824, d. at Springf. 15 Jan. 1854, a. 29; Warren F., h. about 1843. James P. the f. d. 5 June 1876, a. nearly 77; his w. Eliza d. 8 Aug. 1881, a. 81. 6. Dorus Dwight, s. of Martin (3), m. Susanna G. Bond 1 Dec. 1831. Their s. Joseph J., b. about 1838, was a soldier in the late Civil War, and was killed in the battle of the Wilderness, 6 May 1864, a. 26. 7. Warren F., s. of James P. (5), m. Catherine E. Presho, 7 ]\Iay 1876, and had Charles Warren, h. 30 July 1877; Minnie E., b. 1 Dec. 1880. 8. Seth, m. Sally Ann Bartlett 2 May 1845, and had Sarah A., h. 1849, d. 22 Aug. 1852, a. 3. 9. Anthony, b. in Canada, m. Lucv , and had Lucy, b. 27 Dec. 1862; Julia, b. 8 Nov. 1864; Anthony, b. 6 July 1866; Ellen, b. 10 June 1871 ; Ro- sanna, b. 17 Dec. 1873 ; Joseph, b. 5 July 1876; Mary, b. 1 May 1878; Emma, b. 23 Mar. 1881. JNIartha, of Gr., m. Timothy Gilbert, pub. 13 Oct. 1771. Betsey, m. Phineas Rollins 12 Sep. 1793. Susanna, m. Nathan Phinney of Williams- burg 19 Jan. 1794. Sally, m. Dorus Dwight of Williamsburg, 29 Nov. 1798. (The before-named Betsey, Susanna, and Sally were prob. daughters of James 2.) Obadiah, m. I^ydia Reed of Wendell, pub. 3 Ap. 1815, and rem. to Tecumseh, INlich. Joshua, of Enf., m. Sally Reed, pub. 6 Oct. 1817. Edmund, m. Rebecca Woodward of Ware, pub. 24 Jan. 1820. Eliza Jane, of Barre, m. Frederick D. Ruagles 14 June 1859. Franklin E., of Gr., m. Carrie E. Newland 16 Sep. V865. Wid. Sarah d. 17 Dec. 1879, a. 81. Clarence, d. 23 July 1880, a. 17. Ropes, George, of Portland, m. Charlotte, dau. of Constant Ruggles, Esq., pub. 9 July 1832. Rose, Elizabeth, was pub. to Isaac Pratt 24 Jan. 1756; the banns were forbidden, and she was pub. 15 Feb. 1756, to Larkin Green, whom she married soon afterwards. Ross, Hannah, ni. Jonas Bridges 16 Feb. 1806. Rowena, of Brk., m. Uriel Spooner, pub. 26 ]\Iay 1816. Sarah, of Brk., m. Henry Fish, Jr., pub. 21 Sep. 1823. Jeannette, m. Alfred Greenwood 14 JNIar. 1871. Char- lotte E., of Barre, m. Samuel K. Trow 5 June 1876. Samuel, m. Jessie Kennedy 23 Dec. 1876. RUGGLES. 479 RuGGLES, Thomas, m. INIary Curtis at Nazinff, Essex Co., England, 1 Nov. 1620, and had TIi()7n(tg, b. about 1623, d. in England; John, h. about 1625, m. Abigail, dan. of Griffin Crafts, 24 Jan. 1650-1, and had lour sons, three of whom, — John, Tliouias, and Samuel, — survived him ; he d., or was buried 15 Sep. 1658; Sarah, b. about 1627, ni. William Lyon of Roxbury, 17 June 1646, had six sons and one daughter, and d. 9 Feb. 1688-9; Samuel, b. about 1629. Thomas the f. eame from England to Roxbuiy in 1637. He and bis wife are very favorably mentioned by the " Apostle Eliot" on the Records of the Roxbury cluirch, of which he was pastor and they were members : " Thouuis Ruggles: he eame to N. E. in the year 1637; he was elder brother to John Ruggles, children of a godly father ; he joined to the church soon after his coming, being as well known as his brother; his (irst born son died in Eng- land; his second son John was brought over a servant by rhilij) Eliot ; and he brought two other children with him, Sarah and Samuel. He had a great sickn(!ss the year after his connng, but the Lord recovered him in nieicy." — "Mary, the wife of Thomas Ruggles: she joined to the church with her husband, and approved herself a godly Christian by a holy and blameless con- versation, being converted not long before their coming from England." He res. in Roxbury seven years, and d. 15 Nov. 1644; his death is recorded by Eliot, with the following remark: " 1644, 9". 15*. Thomas Ruggles, a godly brother; he dyed of a consumption. These two^ brake the knot first of the Nazing Christians; I mean they first dyed of all those Christians that eame from tliiU town in England." ^ His w. Mary was sister of the first William Curtis of Roxbury, and was bap. in Nazing — April 1589 ; she survived her husl)and, m. (2d) Root, andd., or was buried 14 Feb. 1674-5, a., according to the record, 88 ; but prob. 86 was the actual age. 2. JoHX, brother of Thomas (1), " came to N. E. in the year 1635, and soon after his coming joined unto the church; he was a lively Christian, known to many of the chinch in Old England, whtn'e many of the church enjoyed soci- ety together; he brought his first-born, John Ruggles, with him to N. E., and his second son was still-born in the first month 1636, of which his first wife died." Church Record. He m. a second w., Margaret , but prob. had no chil. by her. He was representative three years, and d. 6 Oct. 1663. His son John, b. about 1632, m. Mary Gibson of Cambridge, 3 Ap. 1655; she d. 6 Dec. 1674, and he m. Sarah Dyer of Weymouth 15 j\lar. 1675; she d. 2 May 1687, and he m. Ruth ; she d. 11 Ap. 1710, and he d. 25 Feb. 1712-3. By his second wife he had son Benjamin, b. 11 Aug. 1676, grad. H. C. 1693, was pas- tor of the church in SulKeld, and d. 7 Sep. 1708. 3. Samuel, s. of Tliomas (1), m. Hannah, dau. of George Fowle of Charles- town, 10 Jan, 1654-5; she d. 24 Oct. 1669, and he m. Anna, dau. of Deac. Henry Bright of Watertown, 26 May 1670. His chil. were Hannah, b. 21 Jan. 1655-^6, d. 16 Mar. 165.5-6 ; Mary, b. 10 Jan. 1656-7, d. 31 Mar. 1658 ; Sam- uel, b. 1 June 1658 ; Joseph, b. 12 Feb. 1659-60; d. 5 Feb. 1664-5; Hannah, b. 11 Dec. 1661, d. 6 Nov. 1669; Sarah, b. 18 Nov. 1663, d. 11 Nov. 1664; Mary, b. 8 Dec. 1666, ni. Ebenezer Pierpont 20 Oct. 1691, and (2d) Isaac ^lor- ris, 3 Nov. 1702; " an infant, newly born," buried 3 Oct. 1668 ; Sarah, b. 30 Aug. 1669, d. 17 Nov. 1669; Thomas, b. 10 Mar. 1670-1; Anna, b. 30 Sep. 16 72, m. William Heath of Roxbury; Nathaniel, b. 22 Nov. 1674, d. — May 1674; Elizuhah, b. 1 May 1677, m. James Bayley ; Henry, b. 7 July 1681, d. unm. 9 Dec. 1702; Huldah, b.4 July 1684, m. Samuel Hill^ of Guilford, Conn., 9 June 1709. Samuel the f. res. in Roxbury, kept a tavern, but was very ac- tively engaged in public life. He was selectman fourteen years, assessor dur- 1 "These two" were John Grave, who d. sions of the Legislature, was several times 4 Nov. Iti44, and Thomas Kuggles, who d. Speaker, was judge of our County and Pro- eleven days later. bate Courts, was town cleric, and all the busi- - 2sazing is described as "a parish in the ness of the church, society, and a large hundred of W'altliani," near Lppiug in the share of that of the county and of the colony county of Essex, fCngland. for forty years seems to have centered ia 3 Samuel Hill was " one of the most dis- him." MS. Letter from H. D. Smith, Iisq., tinguished men that Guilford ever produced. GuilJ'ord. Ue represented the town in forty-three ses- 480 RUGGLES. ing the same period, and representative for the four critical years succeeding the Revokition of 1689. He was for several years captain of militia, and when Governor Andros and his associates were seized and imprisoned, Joseph Dud- ley (afterwards Governor) was committed to his special charge, while tempo- rarily released from prison. His preservation from death by lightning on the 25tiii of May 1G6 7 was so remarkable that an account of it was entered on the Church Record by Rev. Samuel Danforth: " 25 (3) 1667. There was a dread- ful crack of thunder. Samuel Ruggles happened at that instant to be upon the meeting-house hill, with oxen and horse, and cart loaden with corn. The horse and one ox were strucken dead with the lightning; the other had a little life in it, but it died presently. The man was singed and scorched a little on his legs, one shoe torn apieces, and the heel carried away; the man was hurled off from the cart and flung on the off side, but through mercy soon re- covered himself and felt little harm. There was a chest in the cart, wherein was pewter and linen ; the pewter had small holes melted in it, and the linen some of it singed and burnt." He (or his son Samuel) was one of the eight associates, who purchased of the Indians 27 Dec. 1686, the territory, now the town of Hard wick ; and he with his son Samuel and four others, on the 5th of May 1686, bought of Capt. James Filch of Norwich, Conn., a tract styled the " Mashamoquet Purchase," which afterwards became the town of Pomfret, Conn. It was many years, however, before his posterity derived much pecu- niary advantage from these jjurchases. He d. 15 Aug. 1692, a. 63; his w. Anna d. 5 Sep. 1711, a. 67. 4. Samukl, s. of Samuel (3), ni. JNIartha.^ dau. of Rev. John Wood- bridge of Newbury, and grand-daughter of Gov. Thomas Dudley, 8 July 1680, and had Samuel, b. 3 Dec. 1681; Lucy, b. 8 Sep. 1683, m. Joseph Stevens 15 Feb. 1715-16; 'Timothy, b. 3 Nov. 1685; Hannah, b. 10 Ap. 1688, m. William Noyes 17 Dec. 1712; Patience, b. 9 Nov. 1689 (or 7 Nov. 1690), m. James Robinson of Boston, 3 July 1711 ; ^ Martha, b. 1 Feb, 1691-2, m. Job Lane of Billerica, 17 Dec. 1713; Sarah, h. 18 June 1694, m. John Holbrook 19 Aug. 1714 ; Joseph, b. 21 July 1696, m. Joanna White 20 Oct. 1720, res. in Roxbury, and d. 9 Sep. 1742; Mary, b. 20 Sep. 1698, d. unm. before 1716; Benjamin, b. 4 July 1700. Samuel the f. res. in Roxbury, and was a " set-work cooper" and an innholder. He inherited his father's military spirit and succeeded him in many of his offices; he was captain of militia, 1702; assessor, 1694 ; repre- sentative, 1697; and selectman continuously from 1693 to 1713, except in 1701 and 1704, nineteen years. His death occurred after a very short sickness, 25 Feb. 1715-16, and his funeral is mentioned in Sewall's Diary: " Feb. 28, 1715- 16. Capt. Samuel Ruggles was buried with arms. . . . He is much lamented at Roxbury." ^ His w. Martha d. 1738. 5. 'J'liOMAS, s. of Samuel (3), grad. at II. C. 1690, and was ordained pastor of the church in Guilford, Conn. ; he m. Sarah ; she d., and he m. Mary Hubbard of Boston 1 June 1708. His chil. were Sarah, b. 27 Mar. 1699, d. unm. 23 Mar. 1722; Anne, b. 3 May 1701, m. Charles Caldwell 3 Nov. 1724, and d. 19 May 1760; Mary, b. 8 Oct. 1702, d. young ; Thomas, b. 27 Nov. 1704, grad. Y. C. 1723, succeeded his father in the ministry at Guilford, and d. 20 Nov. 1770; Rebecca, b. 23 May 1712, d. 11 June 1713'; Nathaniel, b. 16 May 1713, grad. Y. C. 1732, a physician in Guilford, d. 16 Dec. 1794 ; Eliza- beth, b. 1715, m. Jehoshaphat Starr 1 Nov. 1734, and d. 9 Sep. 1769. Thomas the f. d. 1 June 1728; his w. JMary d. 17 Dec. 1742. 6. Samukl, s. of Samuel (4), grad. II. C. 1702, was ordained pastor of the church in Billerica, 19 May 1708. He m. Elizabeth, dau. of Samuel VV^hiting, and grand-daughter of Rev. Samuel Whiting, 19 Dec. 1710; shed. 29 July 1727, and he m. Mrs. Elizabeth Williams of Roxbury 18 Ap. 1728. His 1 Of Mrs. Ruggles it is worthy of remark, and Timothy, her husband's brother, Thom- that not only was her father a clergyman, as, and three of her sons Samuel, Timothy, descended from numerous clergymen on both and Benjamin, also sustained the clerical of- sides (including the famous f^ev. Robert lice, and all held an honorable rank in the Parker), but her uncle, Benjamin Wood- profession. bridge (the tirst graduate of Harvard Col- ^ See note under James Robinson (3). lege), three of her brothers, John, Benjamin, 3 Coll. Mass. Hist. Soc, xlvii. 75. RUGGLES. 481 chil. were EUzaheth, b. 21 Sep. 1711, d. 21 Aug. 1713; Samriel, h. 29 May 1713; NathinieU b. 16 July 1715, d. 29 Deo. 1717; Elizabeth, b. 21 June 1717, m. Samuel Daiumer, Esq., 31 INIay 1737, and (2il) Rev. Daniel Rogers of Little- ton; Martlid, b. 9 Dec. 1719, ni. John >Vlntiiig of I^ittleton; Darolhy, b. 7 Jan. 1721-2, ni. Rev. Isaac Morrill of Wiiniington 4 Aug. 1743; Lucy, b. 9 Feb. 1723-4; Joseph, b. 9 Jan. 1725-6 ; Nathaniel, b. 14 June 1729,' d. 14 Ap. 1730; John, b. 4 July 1730; Sarah, b. 6 Nov. 1731, ni. Rev. Josiah Stearns of Epping, and d. 2 Ap. 1808 (she had three sons and three daughters; one of her sons was Rev. Samuel Stearns of Bedford, who grad. H. C. 1794, and d. 1834, and was father of Rev. Samuel H. Stearns, grad. II. C. 1823, and d. 1837; Rev. William A. Stearns, D. D., grad. H, C. 1827, President of Amherst College, and d. 8 June 1876; Rev. Jonathan F. Stearns, 1). D., grad. H. C. 1830, res. in New Jersey; Josiah A. Stearns, Ph. D., an eminent teacher; Rev. Eben S. Stearns, D. D., Chancellor of the University in Nashville, Tenn.; and others); William, 30 Ap. 1733. Samuel the f. died in office at Billerica 1 Mar. 1748-9; his vr. Elizabeth d. 25 June 1748. 7. Timothy, s. of Samuel (4), grad. H. C. 1707, was ordained pastor of the church in Rochester 22 Nov. 1710. He m. Mary, dau. of Benjamin White of Brookline, 27 Sep. 1710; she d. 23 Jan. 1749, and he m. Anne Woodworth of Little Compton, ])ub. 2G Mar. 1750, His chil. were Timothi/, b. 20 Oct. 1711; Benjamin, b. 19 iMay 1713; Sa7nuel, h. 5 July 1715; Joseph, b. 13 June 1718; Marij, b. 1 Jan. 1719-20, m. John Hammond, Jr., 13 Nov. 1740; Susanna, b. 6 Jan. 1721-2, m. Paul Mandell of Dartmouth 8 Feb. 1746-7, and rem. to Hk.; Edward, b. 30 Aug. 1723; Nathaniel, b. 12 Ap. 1725; Thomas,h. 13 July 1727, d. 5 Dec. 1727; Hannah, b. 18 Oct. 1728, d. 25 Nov. 1728; Thomas, b. 2 Mar. 1730; John, b. 2 Sep. 1731 (very eccentric, perhaps partially insane, but harmless), res. several years in New Braintree, ret. to Rochester, and d. unm. about 1815. Timothy the f. held a high rank in the ministry, and was preeminently a man of business. He was apparently more active and etTicient than any other individual in promoting the settlement of Hardwick. Through his influence and exertions, six sons and a daughter of his own family, five sons and two daughters of his sister Patience, wife of James Robinson (also their father and mother, late in life), and many members of his parish, were amono- the early settlers. On behalf of the pro])rietors he personally visited the town several times, both arranging tlie financial affairs of the people and ministering to their spiritual wants. He d. in olHce as sole pastor of the church 26 Oct. 1768, a. nearly 83. In the epitujjh on his heatl-stone he is described as " an Able Divine, and a Faithful Minister. Having a peculiar talent at composino' Differences and healing Divisions in Churches, he was much improved in Eccle- siastical Councils." 8. Bknjamin, s. of Samuel (4), grad. Y. C. 1721 (A. M. at Y. C, and also at H. C. 1724), He m. Dorcas, dau, of Samuel Whiting, and grand-daughter of Rev. Samuel Whiting of BillericA, 30 Dec, 1 725. I have not seen his family record; but, from other sources, I learn that he had Benjamin, b. 18 Dec. 1726; Whiting, b. 1733; Mary, b. , m. Dr. Joel Carpenter of Hk. 9 Dec. 1755; Dorcas, h. , m. Edward Smith of Hk. 25 Aug. 1757'; Lucy,h. 1740, ra. Elijah Chapin of Granby 1801 ;i Betsey, b. 1745, d. unm. 29 May 1795, a. 50; and perhaps iVancy, who m. Dr. Freeman Perry of New Bedford, ])ub. 6 May 1795. Bex.tamin the f. was ordained pastor of the sec- ond church (then newly formed) in Middleborough, about 1724, where he re- mained until the clnu'ch was organized in New Braintree 1754, of which he became the first pastor, and remained in office during the remainder of his Ufe, having Rev. Daniel Foster as a colleague about four years. He d. sud- denly 12 May 1782, a. nearly 82; his w, Dorcas d. 5 Sep. 17 78, a. 75. 9. Timothy, s, of Timothy (7), m. Bathsheba^ (or Bathshua), widow of 1 " Alanied at New Braintree, l\Ir. Elijah comb, who grad. H. C. 1722, and d. 8 Ap. Chapiu of Granb}', aged 51, to JNIiss Lucy 1730, a. 33, she had eight children: Mercy, Ruggles of New Braintree, aged 61, daughter b. 4 Feb. 1723-4, m. John Bassett 21 Oct. of the fornierminister of that place." Slass. 1742; Desire, h. 21 Juiv 1725, in. Dr. Elisha Spy, Dec. :J0, 1801. Tobey 12 Jan. 1746 ; Fcter, b. 4 Sep. 1726, 2 By her lirst husband, William New- prob. d. voung; Alary, b. 3 Sep. 1728, m. 31 482 RUGGLES. William Newcomb, and only dau. of Hon. Melatiah Bourne of Sandwich, pub. 18 Sep. 1736, and bad Maiiha, b. 10 Aug. 1737, m. John Tufts of Brk., pub. 11 Nov. 17G5, d. 26 July 1813; Timothy, h. 7 Jan, 1738-9; Mary, b. 10 Feb. 1740-1, m. Ur. John Green of Wore, pub. 19 Mar. 1762, d. 16 June 1814; John, b. 30 Sep. 1742, was captain of the first company of militia in Hk. 1771, went to Nova Scotia with his father, and d. at Wilniot in old age; Richard, b. 4 Mar. 1743-4; Balhslicha, b. 13 Feb. 1745-6, m. Joshua Spooner of Brk., pub. 8 Jan. 1766, and was executed at Worcester 2 July 1778, having been adjudged guilty of hiring other persons to mui'der her husband. The known circumstances of this case, however, indicate insanity rather than moral turjn- tude ; and confinement in a lunatic asylum would seem to have been a more appropriate result than death on the gallows, — involving, as it did, the death of her unborn child ;i Elizabeth, b. 15 May 1748, m. Gardner Chandler, pub. 18 May 17 72. Timothy the f. grad. II. C. 1732. and was one of the most promi- nent citizens of Massachusetts, and indeed of New England, in both military and civil affairs. As a soldier, he raised a company for service in the West Indies, 1740, and received his commission as captain; but as the number of companies exceeded tlie demand, his comj)any was disbanded, and thus escaped almost certain destruction, iuasnuich as scarcely a tithe of those who embarked in this expedition lived to return. In the French War, which commenced in 1753 (though not formally declared until 1756), and continued until 1763, he rendered active and important service, first as colonel of a regiment, and after- wards as brigadier-general of the provincial troops on the northern frontier. But he was, perhaps, even more eminent in civil life. He conunenced the practice of law in his native town (Rochester), rem. to Sandwich about 1737, and thence to Hardwick between 24 Ap. 1753, and 4 Mar. 1754. In his prac- tice, before his removal to Hk., he was the dreaded rival of James Otis, senior, as he was, at a later period, of James Otis, junior, in the General Court. After his removal, he was commissioned justice of the peace and quorum 19 Ap. 1754, judge of the Court of Common Pleas 19 Ap. 1757, and chief justice of Lemuel Pope, Jr., of Dartmouth 10 Ap. estate, what object could she heave in under- 1760; Sunih, b. 21 Oct. 1729, m. Benjamin taking such a detestable crime V . . . Whom Fessenden 19 Oct. 1760; William, b. 27 Jan. did she trust with the management of a vil- 1731, ni. Elizabeth ; Hannah, b. 4 June lainy that so nearly affected her reputation, 1732, m. Jonathan Sturgis 14 Aug. 1768; her safety, her lifej^ her children, the lives of Thomas, b. 17 June 1734, or 1735, prob. d. others, and the happiness of her friends? young. She must have been several years The answer was, to prostitutes, tories, regu- older than her second husband, Generalltug- lars, deserters, strangers, and foreigners. gles, who was not many months more than "Was a woman that is admitted to have twelve years old when her first child was sense so stupid, if in the exercise of her born. reason, as to trust all that was valuable to 1 The conduct of Mrs. Spooner, both be- her and hers in the hands of such persons? fore and after the murder, bears evident . . . After the murder, she gives the mur- marks of insanity, ft appeared on the trial, derers his watch, his buckles, waistcoat, that two entire strangers, James Buchanan breeches, and shirts, and even puts them and William Brooks, who had been British on, to be worn in the eye of the world, soldiers, were invited by her into the house, and were entertained for two weeks; during which time she engaged them to kill her hus- b-md, on his return from Princeton, — pro- vided that Ezra Koss failed to destroy his life, as he had promised. And after the murder, she not only rewarded the three murderers with money, but dressed them in her husband's clothes, in the presence of her household servants. The argument of her where they were well known to be Spoon- er's clothes, and from their goodness and fashion might be known not to belong to the persons wearing them, being low and vulgar. Was this the conduct of a person in the exercise of reason ? Would it have been less rational to have written on their foreheads, in capitals, 'the murderers of Mr. Spooner?'" Under such circumstances, a verdict of "guilty " could not be expected advocate, Hon. Levi Lincoln, Sen., although from a jury, at the present day; but "not it failed, in that period of furious excite- guilty, by reason of insanity," would be nient, to convince the jury, deserves con- recognized by both jury and the whole com- sideralion. A sketch of that argument is munity as a righteous decision, printed in Chandler's Criminal Irials, ii. It may be added, that Mrs. Spooner's 26-33. Among other things, he said: "The daughter Bathsheba, who married whole evidence was that of a fool, or a dis- Trott, and (2d) Heywood, and who traded person. Born in a high rank of life, died at Cambridge, 1 June 1858, aged 83, well educated, and accomplished, a wife and was liupelessly insane many years before her a mother, and in the enjoyment of a good death. RUGGLES. 483 the paine Court 21 Jan. 17(32, which oHlce he held until the Revohition. He was also apjiointed special justice of the Su[)erior Court 23 Fel). 1762, " in tlie room of Clianibers Uassell, Esq., one of the staudinj;- justices of the said Court." ^ He was a representative in the General Court from Roc-hester in 17;i6, from Sandwich eiirht years, from 17-39 to 1702, and from Hardwick fifteen years,^ from 1754 to 1770, in all twent}'-four years, and was Speaker of the House in 1762 and 1763. In 176") he was a delegate from Massachusetts to the Con- gress which met in New York, and was elected President of that body ; but lie refused to sign the proceedings, which he deemed derogatory to the British government, and was reprimanded therefor by the House of Representatives. Dui'ing the political contest which raged furiously in the succeeding years, he was the leader of the king's party in the General Court until he ceased to be a member of the House. He was elected councillor in 1764, but declined the office, thinking he could render the king more effective service on the floor of the House. On the change of the form of government in IMassachusetts, he was ap|iointed a member of tlie Council by Mandamus, and took the oath of oflice 16 Aug. 1774. After this he returned no more to Hardwick, but left Boston with the British officers ami troops the next spring, retired to Nova Scotia, and died at AVilmot, near Annapolis, 4 Aug. 17L»5. His w. Bathsheba remained with her eldest son in Hardwick, where she died, ])robably, early in 1787; a notice of her death appeared in the Worcester Magazine for the fourth week in March. His homestead in Hardwick (where some of the traces of his agricultural skill remain visible after the la[)se of more than a hundred years) was on the easterly road to Gilbertville, about ihree quarters of a mile from the Common, at the place marked "J. Mann" on the R. Map. The dwelling-house, which stood a few feet south of the present residence of Mr. Charles Mandell, was demolished not long ago. 10. Benjamin, s. of Timothy (7), m. Alice, dau. of Nathaniel j\Ierrick of Harwich (now Brewster), 19 Oct. 1736; she d. , and he m. Mary Smith of Bel. 28 Dec. 1778. His chil. were Mary, b. 7 May 1738, m.' Daniel Billings 23 Feb. 1758, and d. 8 June 1835; Susanna, b. 17 Ap. 1740, m. Ebenezer Chipman 4 Mar. 1762; Benjamin, b. 11 Dec. 1741; Sarah, b. 6 Feb. 1743-4, m Abel Harwood 27 Nov. 1765, and (2d) Ezra Alden of Gr. 2 Jan. 1772 ; Elizabeth, b. 16 Ap. 1746, d. 28 Nov. 1748 ; Elizabeth, b. 31 Jan. 1748-9, m. Shearjashub Goodspeed 20 Nov. 1766; Tho7nas, bap. 24 June 1750; Alice, b. 23 Nov. 1754, prob. d. young; Seth, b. 7 Jan. 1757 ; Levi, b. 25 Oct. 17 79, d. at Boston 28 Jan. 1855 ; Joseph, b. 21 Oct. 1781 ; Dnoid, b. 30 Nov. 1783, d. at Bel. 1 July 1863. Ben.jamin the f. was one of the earliest pioneers, and res. on the River road to Barre, not far from the Old Furnace. He had great vigor and energy, both physical and mental. He performed yeoman's labor on his farm, and became the father of three children after he was sixty- five years old. He faithfully served his townsmen as captain of militia, as selectman sixteen years, as assessor eleven years, and as chairman of the Com- mittee of Correspondence in 1774 and 17 75. He was also one of the most active and resolute opposers of his brother, the Brigadier, in the stormy jjolitical contest preceding the Revolution. He d. 11 Oct. 1790, a. 77; his w. ]\Iary rem. to Bel. with her three children. 11. Samuel, s. of Timothy (7), m. Alice Sherman of Rochester 25 June 1738, and had at Roch. Sarah, b. 27 Ap. 1739 ; John, b. 6 Jan. 1741, perhaps the same who ni. Mary Caldwell of Barre 20 May 17 77, and d. in 1800; Samuel, b. 17 Mar. 1743; Timothy, b. 17 May 1745, res. with his grandfather Ruggles at Roch.; Edward, b. 31 Dec. 1746 ; he had also Kezia, bap. here 5 Oct. 1755; Lucy, b. 20 Dec. 1757, and bap. here five days later, m. Joseph Robinson 16 Feb. 1780, and d. 4 Aug. 1826; and prob. others between 1746 and 1755. Samuel the f. rem. after 1746 from Roch. to Barre, where he res. nearly or quite half a century. He d. — June 1802, a. almost 8 7 ; his w. Alice d. 1801, a. 79. 1 Council Records. Esq., who was elected representative for '- He represented this town longer than seventeen years in succession, and d. in any other person, e.^cept Timothy Paige, office. 484 RUGGLES. 12. Joseph, s. of Timothy (7), m. Hannah Cushman of Plymouth 13 Jan. 1742-3, and had Hannah, h. 28 Aug. 1743, m. Abijah Edson of Springfield 10 June 1763; James, h. 30 Ap. 1746, d. 21 Oct. 1764; Joseph, b. 8 Ap. 1748; Nathaniel, b. 14 June 1750; Lydia, b. 10 Mar. 1753; Ann, b. 14 Ap. 1755, m. Jonathan Danforth 1 Oct. 1780, and d. 4 Mar. 1824. JosErn the f. rem. to Hk. before he was married, and res. on the turnpike about a hun- dred rods southeasterly from the Common, at the place marked " O. Trow " on the K. Maj). He was a blacksmith, and from 1750 to 1757 an innholder ; he also had a grist-mill, on Great Meadow Brook, near his house, the flume of which remained in \)\a,ce many years, and was used for the purj)Of^e of flowing the meadow. He was a lieutenant, and marched with his company in 1757 for the relief of Fort William Henry. He d. 28 Jan. 1791, a. 72 (wrongly inscribed 2 Jan. 1790 on his head-stone). His sons Joseph and Nathaniel prob. followed the fortunes of their uncle, the Brigadier, became refugees, and were proscribed and banished by the Act of September 1778. 13. Edwakd, s. of Timothy (7), was pub. to Ann Ferrin (Fearing?) of Wareham 16 June 1746, but some obstacle prevented their marriage; and on the 29th of December of the same year he was pub. to Lucy, dau. of Deac. Daniel Spooner, whom he m. 29 Jan. 1746-7, and had Timotht/, bap. 25 Sep. 1748, res. in Cambridge, N. Y.; Edward, bap. 26 Aug. 1750; Elizabeth, bap. 29 Oct. 1752, m. Paul Dean 19 Sej), 1773, d. 21 Dec. 1810; Daniel, b. 1755; Lucy, b. 26 July 1765, d. unm. 11 May 1790; Constant, b. 27 Nov. 1767; James, b. 30 Oct. 1770, was drowned in Lake Erie; Nathan, ]i. 13 May 1774; there may have been others, born between 1755 and 1765, but no others are mentioned in the father's will, 17 July 1776. Edward the f. was a farmer, and ensign of militia. He res. in what is now New Braintree, some- what more than a mile east of the river, on the road to Rutland, until about 1760, when he bought the estate on the summit of Ruggles Hill, marked '' A. Ruggles " on the R. Map, where he d. 21 May 1778, a. 54; his w. Lucy re- mained on the homestead many years; but in her old age she res. with her son Daniel, and d. 2 Ap. 1821, a. 91. 14. Nathaniel, s. of Timothy (7), m. Deliverance Barrow 5 Nov. 1752, and had Elisha, b. 6 Sep. 1753, d. young; Nathaniel, b. 4 May 1755; Elisha, b. 28 Sep. 1758; Thankful, b. 1 Mar. 1761, m. Robert Foot 19 Feb. 1784; Timothy, b. 27 Jan. 1763; Mary, b. 29 Mar. 1765, m. Aaron Foot, pub. 6 Dec. 1788; Thomas, b. 20 Nov. 1770, rem. to Columbia, Me., m. Ruth Clapp, pub. 14 Mar. 1797; Benjamin, b. 18 July 1772, rem. to Columbia, m. Azubah Clapp, pub. 26 Ap. 1798. Nathaniel the f. res. in Rochester, was a captain, and justice of the peace ; he d. 25 Dec. 1776, a. nearly 52; his w. Deliverance d. 1 Feb. 1807, a. 73. 15. Thomas, s. of Timothy (7), m. Mary, dau. of Dr. Polycarpus Loring of Plympton, 4 Dec. 1755, and had Hannah, b. about 1759; Mary, b. about 1761, m. Zenas Bryant of Plympton; Jacob Loring, b. about 1763. Thomas the f. taught school in Hk. 174 7 and 1748, was a physician in his native town (Rochester), and d. in early life, before 6 May 17 76, when Benjamin Cook of Kingston was aj)pointed guardian of his children; his w. Mary d. before 7 Feb. 1780, at whieh date her estate was divided. 16. Benjamin, s. of Benjamin (8), m. Sarah Hunt of Dartmouth, pub. 21 Ap. 1750, and innnediateiy rem. from Middleborough to Hk.; his w. Sarah d. 20 May 1772, and he m. Jerusha, wid. of John Aiken, 11 Feb. 1773, she d. 28 Oct. 1787, and he m. Hannah Hamblin of N. Br., pub. 20 July 1789. His chil. were Samuel, b. 9 May 1751, res. at Prange, m. Lydia Hawes of N. Br. 11 Jan. 1776, and had son Lyman, who d. at Orange 4jDec. 1863, a. 75; Beti- jamin, b. 5 Aug. 1753; Lemuel, b. 26 Feb. 1755; Ephraim, bap. 20 Mar. 1757; Sarcdi, b. 29 Feb. 1760, m. John Aiken 10 Oct. 1782, and d. 17 Jan. 1822; Rebecca, b. 15 Oct. 1763, d. unm. 8 Sep. 1845; Hannah, b. 29 Oct. 1791, d. unm. 22 Dec. 1867. Benjamin the f. (ordinarily calleil " Bush Ben," on account of his bushy hair, and to distinguish him from three others of the same name), res. near the Furnace Village, and d. 21 Oct. 1795, a. nearly 69; his w. Hannah m. John Jones of Barre 29 May 1796, res. near the Furnace Vil- RUGGLES. 485 lagje, in a house which she boii2;ht three weeks before this marriatfe, marked " C. Jeriney " on the R. Map, and survived her luisband several years. She was a woman of extraordinary energy, and had she hved in the present day would have been among the foremost in the battle for "woman's rights." She d. 22 A]). 1814, a. 60. 17. Whiting, s. of Benjamin (8), m. Wealthy Smith 20 July 1780, when he had attained the ripe age of 4 7 years. They seem to have had only one child, Solomon, bap. 25 May 1783, but prob. b. 16 Oct. 1781. Whiting the f. was a farmer, res. on the Moose Brook road, at the place marked '' S. Rug- gles " on the R. Map, and d. 3 Aug. 1796, a. 63; his w. AV^eallby d. 26 Nov. 1840, a. 92. 18. Timothy, s. of Timothy (9), m. Sarah, dau. of Col. Simeon Dwight of Western (Warren), pub. 30 July 1766, and had Sally, b. 2 Feb. 1768, m. Judah Hinklcy 15 Dec. 1785; Anna, b. 8 June 1769; Sophia, h. 19 Jan. 1771, d. 6 Oct. 1775; BelseT/, b. 15 Nov. 1772, d. 29 Nov. 1772; Timolht/, b. 1 Dec. 1773, d. 19 Sep. 1775; Timothj/, b. 7 Mar. 1776, rem. to Nova Scotia with his father, was a major of militia, justice of the peace, member of the Provincial Parliament, and d. in March 1831; Sophia, h. 20 Oct. 1777; Simeon Dwight, h. 23 Jan. 1780, was a mercliant in Annapolis, N. S., where he d. — Nov. 1812; Harriet, b. 23 Feb. 1782; Clarissa, h. 3 Ap. 1784; Israel Williams, b. 27 Aug. 1786, was a prosperous mercliant in Annapolis, where he d. 5 or 11 Jan. 1880. Timothy the f. naturally favored the king's cause, in which his father was so deeply interested, and was placed under guard l\v vote of the town, and confined to his farm; he subsequently made his peace, how- ever, and did not become a refugee. He was lieutenant of militia before the Revolution, but held no office afterwards while he remained here. He was a farmer, rough in manner, but manifestly a man of good natural endowments. > He res. on the homestead (which had been confiscated but afterwards was re- leased to him by the Commonwealth) until 1795, when he sold the farm, rem. to Nova Scotia, and settled in the township of Granville. Sabine says, '' he was a member of the House of Assembly of Nova Scotia many years; " '■ but I suspect he mistakes the father for the son, who held that position.^ He d. at Granville 9 Dec. 1831, a. nearly 93; his w. Sarah d. in 1842, a. 92. 19. Richard, s. of Timothy (9), m. Wealthy -^^, and had Bathshehn, b. 22 Sep. 1772. RiCHARD the f. was a Tory, and went to Nova Scotia at the commencement of hostilities ; he settled in the township of Clements, had three sons and four daughters after his removal thither, and d. about 1834, " at an advanced age." 20. Ben-jamin, s. of Benjamin (10), m. Elizabeth Fay (perhaps dau. of Deac. James) 26 Nov. 1766, and had Denison, b. 9 July 1767; Moses, b. 20 Feb. 17 71; Benjamin, b. 11 Mar. 17 73; John, b. 1 Nov. 1775; Alice, b. 16 Dec. 1777, m. Nathan Thompson of Salem, N. Y., 21 Dec. 1797; Belseij, b. 9 Aug. 1780, m. Aaron Goodale of Salem, N. Y., 9 Feb, 1802; Marij, b. 17 Feb, 1783. 21. Thomas, s. of Benjamin (10), m. Hannah, dau. of Thomas Winslow, 19 July 1778, and had Miriam, b. 23 Oct. 17 78, m. Ebenezer Foster 8 June 1806; Willard, b. 4 Sep. 1780, m. Susan , and d. 3 July 1809; Charlotte, b. 3 Oct. 1782, d. unm. at Oakham 28 Mar. 1824 ; Arathusa, b. , m. Richard Howe of Poultney, Vt. ; Rhoda, b. 1787, d. unm. 21 June 1809; Phila. b. — Aug. 1790, m. Benjamin Rice, and d. 16 Sep. 1837; Joshua, b. 1 Dec. 1792, m. Olive Holton, and d. 3 Sep. 1852; Reuel, b. 27 Mar. 1796, d. unm. 13 Dec. 1873; Hannah, b. 17 May 1798, m. Warner Smith, and d. 6 Jan. 1857; Thomas, b. 14 Dec. 1800, d. s. p. ; Harriet, b. 25 June 1803, m. Riidiard Howe, and d. — Oct. 1861; Seraph Howe, b. 23 Feb. 1806, m. Norman B. Thom[)son 16 Aug, 1827, Thomas the f. was a shoemaker, a soldier in the Revolutionary War, and rem. from Hardwick to Oakham before 17 May 1798, 1 Ssih'me' 9 Loyalists of the Amer. Rev., ii. magistrate, and representative fur many 246. years in the General Assembly;" but he ^ J. W. Riiggles, Esq., says his brother does not intimate that his father performed Timothy "was a major in "the militia, a similar service. MS. Letter, Oct. 4, 1839. 486 EUGGLES. where he d. 12 May ISOS ; his w. Hannah d. 28 Mar. 1832, a. 70. (Many of these facts are gathered from the Winsloic JMemorial, i. 395, -where it is stated that the last four of the chil. were b. at Oakham, and all the others at Hard- wick; but I find no record of their birth here, except of the first three.) 22. Seth, s. of Benjamin (10), m. Hannah, dau. of John Amidon, 25 Nov. 1790; she d. in child-bed 26 Oct. 1791, a. 39, and he m. Hannah Bursley 22 Nov. 1792; she d. 4 Oct. 1793, a. 37, and he m. Sukev Jenks, pub. 18 May 1794. His chil. were Seth Amidon, b. 26 Oct. 1791; Henry Jcnk^, b. 31 Oct. 1795; Hannah, b. 5 Sep. 1797; WilUum W'mthrnp, b. 1 Jan. 1800; Samuel, b. 3 Mar. 1802. 23. Edward, s. of Edward (13), m. Anna, dau. of Paul Dean, pub. 12 Jan. 1772, and had Pdid, b. 4 Dec. 1772; A^a, b. 28 June 1774, drowned at sea, 19 Oct. 1798; Ahel, b. 26 Mar. 1776, m. Lucinda Thomas 8 May 1799, res. at Carmel, j\Ie., was a representative, and a member of the convention for fram- ing the Constitution of Maine; he d. 18 June 1860; Mary, b. 18 Jan. 1778, m. Daniel Thomas 3 Sep. 1798 ; Ezra, b. 25 Jan. 1780, for several years an active citizen, a captain of militia, selectman, 1820, erected the large house on the westerly side of the Common nearest to the turnpike and marked " D. R." on the 11. ]\Iap. Meeting with reverses in later life, he rem. to IMaine, where he d. unmarried; Fanny, b. 7 Jan. 1782, m. Timothy Rich of Boston, pub. 25 Mar. 1810 ; Lucy, b. 1784, d. 28 Ap. 1790, a. 6 ; Ira, b. 29 Oct. 1785; Mira, b. 11 Dec. 1787; a child b. 1789, d. 2 May 1790, a. 8 months; Lucy, b. 20 Ap. 1791, m. Woodhull Helme of Blenheim, N. Y., 25 June 1816; Edward, b. 11 Ap. 1793, accidentally killed (by a cart) 30 Oct. 1810; Spanner, b. 4' Aug. 1795, m. — Bennett, res. in Rockford, 111., was a judge, and d. in March 1874; Anna, b. 2 Oct. 1799, m. William Barr, pub. 24 Dec. 1827. Edward the f.. a farmer, res. on Ruggles Hill, at the place marked " H. Gould " on the R. Map; he was one of the " minute-men " who marched on the Lexington alarm in Ap. 1775, and performed a short tour of service as sergeant in 1779. He held a more consj)icuous jiosition in January and February 1T87, when he was caplain of a company in the defence of the government against the insurrectionary ai-my of Shays, and shared in the perils and discomforts of that niemorable march from Hadley to Petersham wliich resulted in the utter dispersion of the rebel army. He d. 17 Jan. 1805, a. 54; His wid. Anna m. John Amidon 14 Dec. 1809, but soon returned to her for- mer residence, where she d. 9 Jan. 1842, a. nearly 89. 24. Daniel, s. of Edward (13), m, Lucy, dau. of Deac. William Paige, 31 Dec. 1 779, and had Gardner, b. 16 Feb. 1 782 ; Anson, b. 1 7 Dec. 1 783 ; Fj-anliin, b. 21 ]\rar. 1786; Mercy, b. 26 Ap. 1788, d. 9 Oct. 1802; Lucij,h. 5 Ap. 1791, m. Stephen W. Paioe 26 Oct. 1809, and d. 25 Dec. 1865; Crighton, b. 10 June 1793; Alma, h. 22 July 1795, m. Benjamin Smith of Rutland, Vt., 15 Sep. 1833, became insane, and d. here 24 Ap. 1857; Luthera, b. 4 Jan. 1798, m. Samuel F. Culler 24 May 1819, and d. 17 Aug. 1823. Daniel the f. was a farmer, and for seventeen years an iunholder. He was lieutenant in the Rev- olutionary Army, 1779, a selectman four years, assessor eleven years, town treasurer six years, and justice of the peace. He res. on Ruggles Hill, at the place marked " F. Ruggles," until 1809, when he erected the spacious building near the Common, marked "Tavern" on the R. Map, and opened a public house, which he conducted until 1826, and then retired from business; soon afterwards he bought the house on the Common, built by Ezra Ruggles and marked '• D. R.," where he spent a quiet old age, after a busy manhood. He d. 26 Feb. 1838, a. 83; his w. Lucy d. 3 Aug. 1840, a. 83. 25. Constant, s. of Edward (13), m. Sally, wid. of Hudson, and dau. of Green, 1792, and had Adin, b. 8 Aug. 1793, m, , and d. 18 Nov. 1833 (" He was a manufacturer of pistols and rifles; ... as one of his workmen was engaged in proving a new barrel, charged with a bullet, he ac- cidentally passed in the range; the bullet struck his forehead and came out in front of the ear. . . . He left a widow and a large family of children." ^) ; For- dyce, b. 30 Oct. 1795, m. Rebecca Bacon 8 Sep. 1822, had several children, 1 Trumpet and Univ. Mayazine, vi. 2-3, Nov. 30, 1833. RUGGLES. 487 res. here, and d. at Ware 2!) Jan. 1S2S (like his brotlior Adin, lie was a man- ufacturer of fire-arms, and was destro>'»Ml by his own liandiwork : a liall dis- cliarLHMl from liis pistol, in the hands of a yoiinsi man who was carelessly handling it, passeil tliron^li liis hin/, b. 23 June 1784, m. William Smith 14 Feb. 1805; Eleanor, b. 3 Mar. 1788, perhaps m. Josiah Wilcox of N. Sal. 26 Dec. 1830; Betsey, b. 4 June 1790, m. John Rice, pub. 21 Nov. 1808; she m. (2d) Calvin Wetherbee, and (3d) Benjamin Skinner, 19 Jan. 1851. P)ENJAMin the f. was a farmer and carpenter, res. on the Enfield road, about three miles from the Common, at the place marked "P. Ruggles" on the R. Map, and d. 22 Dec. 1820, a. 67; his w. Betsey d. 15 Mar. 1827. 30. Lemuel, s. of Benjamin (16), m. Lydia , and had Lemuel, b. aliout 1780; Lydia, b. about 1782, m. Hafiield Gould 26 Oct. 1817, and d. 10 Mar. 1850, a. 67 ; Brigham, b. about 1784 ; Sally, b. about 1786, d. unm. 17 Feb. 488 RUGGLES. 1808, a. 21. Lemuel the f. was a farmer, res. on the Moose Brook road, about a mile northerly from the Furnace Village, at the place marked " L. Rugoles" on the R. Map, and d. 22 Oct. 1806, a. 51; his w. Lydia d. 2 May 1807, a. 50. 31. Ephraim, s. of Benjamin (IG), m. Olive Powers 20 Mar. 1783, and bad JosJina, b. 9 Oct. 1784, d. 3 Sep. 1786 ; Betsey, b. 16 July 1786; Polly, b. 28 July 1788, d. 20 Dec. 1801 ; Martin, b. 13 Dec. 1790; Olive, b. 24 Dec. 1792, d. 28 July 1793 ; Cynthia, b. 26 Sep. 1794, m. Otis Terry 6 Mar. 1817; Benjamin, b. 20 Ap. 1797; Olive, b. 14 June 1799; Clarism, b. 18 Mar. 1801, m. Alartin Gardner 7 Feb. 1821 ; Ephraim, b. 10 July 1803, d. 19 Dec. 1804. Epiikaiw the f. was a fanner, and res. in the westerly part of the town, not far from the turnpike, prob. at the place marked " Mr. Ruggles " on the R. Map ; he d. 21 Ap. 1836, a. 79 ; his w. Olive d. 3 Aug. 185.S, a^ 9S. 32. Solomon, s. of Whiting (17), m. Polly Burt 8 Mar. 1803, and had Solomon Wliitiiuj, b. 9 Jan. 1804; Polly Bassett, h. 26 Ap. 1805, d. unm. 24 Aug. 1844; Lerina, b. 25 Ap. 1807, d. 7 June 1807; William Leonard, b. 10 Jan. 1810; d. 24 Feb. 1810 ; Harriet, b. 28 Nov. 1815. Solomon the f. was a farmer, and res. on the homestead. He is remembered as a man of remark- able height, on which account, at all parades of the military company of" which he was a member, whenever he was jrresent, the right of the file was assigned to him. Late in life, he rem. to Ware, where he d. 31 Mar. 1871, a. (accord- ing to the record), 89 years, 5 months, and 15 days. 33. INIosES, s. of Benjamin (20), m. Rhoda Luce 25 Jan. 1798, and had Anna, b. — June 1798, d. 5 Sep. 1798. 34. John, s. of Benjamin (20), m. Mrs. Sally Jenks 26 Ap. 1801, and had a child, b. — Sep. 1801, d. 8 Oct. 1801. 35. Paul, s. of Edward (23), m. Mercy Dexter, pub. 28 Nov. 1796, and had John Dexter, b. 2 Dec. 1797. fg 36. Ira, s. of Edward (23), m. Susan, dau. of Timothy Hathaway 18 Jan. 1825, and had an infant, d. 25 Ap. 1827; Edward, b. . Ira the f. was a farmer, res. on the homestead, and d. 21 July 1832, a. 46; his w. Susan, with her surviving son, rem. to Orford, Tama Co., Iowa, and d. there. 37. Gardner, s. of Daniel (24), m. Lydia, dau. of Capt. Zenas Phinney 2 Dec. 1804; she d. 23 Sep. 1833, and he m. , who survived him; his chil. were Mercy, b. 20 Sep. 1805, m. Willard Allen, pub. 8 Oct. 1826, res. in West- minster ; William Paige, b. 11 Feb. 1807, m. , res. in Ridgeway, Wis.; Cordelia, b. 20 Aug. 1808, d. 5 Sep. 1810; Daniel, b. 31 Jan. 1810, grad. at " West Point, 1833. Entering the 5th Infantry (U. S. A.) he became 2d lieu- tenant, Feb. 18, 1836; 1st lieutenant, July 7, 1838; captain, June 18, 1846; served in the Florida War ; was distinguished at Palo Alto and La Palma, and at the storming of Molino del Rey ; brevet major and lieutenant-colonel re- spectively for gallantry at Contreras and Churubusco Aug. 20, and at Chapul- tepec Sep. 13, 1847; and resigned May 7, 1861. Made brigadier-general in the Confederate army in 1861 ; served in New Orleans in the winter of 1861-2, and retreated thence with the forces under Gen. M. Lovell before the sur- render of the city to Flag-ofRcer Farragut ; major-general in 1863; surrendered with Lee." ^ A sad conclusion of an honorable career. It is much to be re- gretted that for any reason whatever he should have sacrificed his well-earned military reputation by disloyalty to the national flag. He m. , and res. in or near Fredericksburg, Va. ; Cordelia, b. 25 May 1812, m. Asa Paige; he d. 19 Jan. 1836, and she m. his elder brother, Moses Paige, 14 July 1837; she res. in Troy, N. Y., and Bennington, Vt. ; Sarah Berry, b. 25 Ap. 1814, m. Cai)t. Benjamin A. Cobb of Ste})henson, 111., pub. 28 Feb. 1841; Lucy Spooner, b. 26 Mar. 1816, a pleasant writer of prose and poetry, for many years a very successful teacher in Virginia and Kentucky, but subsequently returned to Hardwick; Zenas Phinney, b. 29 May 1823, m. , and res. in Troy, N. Y. Gardner the f. was a farmer and a civil engineer; he surveyed many estates, and about 1833 constructed the Map of Hardwick to which reference is so fre(|utntly made in this volume. He was major of a battalion of artillery, 1 Drake's Dictionary of Amer. Biography, p. 786. RUGGLES. 489 and justice, of the peace. Throucjh life he was a devoted Freemason ; he was Master of IMount Zion LodQ;e nine years, between 182;5 and 1849, District Dep. G. Master for tliis district ten years, from 1.S33 to 1842, and for the last seven of those years " special agent," on behalf of the fraternity, for the whole ter- ritory west of Worcester Connty. After his first marriage he res. in Barre uptil al)out 183G, when he returned, and occupied a part of his father's house on the Common. He was town treasurer two years, assessor five vears, rep- resentative from Barre five years, and from Hard wick in 1838 and 1833. His active and usefid life had a tragical close : he was thrown from a wagon and killed 5 Aug. 1853, a. 71. 38. Anso.v, s. of Daniel (24), ni. Lucy, dau. of Moses Paige, 14 June 1812, and liad Dw'ujht, b. 31 ^lar. 181G, in early life a bookseller, afterwards a physician, and surgeon in the Union army, m. , and res. in the city of New York; Manj, b. 4 Mar. 1818, m. William Mixter 7 July 1840; Mo^es, b. 3 Nov. 1819; George, b. 3 Sep. 1821, town clerk 1859 and 18G0, d. unm. 5 Jan. 1861; Daniel, b. 9 Aug. 1823, m. , res. in Baraboo, Wis.; Frederick D., b. 21 June 1835. Anson the f. was a farmer, and res. on Ruggles Hill, upon the homestead of his grandfather. In his old age he spent several winters at the house of his son-in-law, Hon. William Mixter, near the Common, returning to the hill on the approach of warm weather. He d. 5 Dec. 1881, a. 98 years, lacking twelve days; his w. Lucy d. 29 July 18 74, a. 78. 39. Franklin, s. of Daniel (24), m. Sally, dau. of Dr. Elias Penniman, 21 or 22 Nov. 1812, and had Ann J., b. 7 Nov. 1813, m. Dwight Billings 31 Dec. 1834, and d. 11 Jan. 1864; James L., b. 12 June 1815, insane, d. unm. 11 or 12 Oct. 1851 ; Henri/, b. 5 Ap. 1817, d, 6 Ap. 1825; Charles, b. 10 Feb. 1819, subject to occasional derangement, a farmer, res. on the homestead, d. unm. 14 Alay 1878; Sarah, b. 19 July 1820, m. Samuel Gladding of Providence 21 Jan. 1840, and d. 22 June 1851; Marj/, b. 16 Mar. 1822, m. Rev. Franklin Whitaker of Southbridge, Mass., 1 June 1843, had five children, all of whom d. young, res. several years in Janesville, Wis., but returned to her birth-place ; Samuel F., h. 18 July 1824, d. 7 Feb. 1825 ; Alma, b. 9 Oct. 1826, m. Richard L. Hathaway 14 Ap. 1846, d. in the hospital at Northampton 10 Dec. 1860; Henri/, b. 12 July 1829. Fkaxklin the f. was a farmer, and res. on the homestead. He was representative in 1850, and d. IG Aug. 1865, a. 79; his w. Sally d. 3 Ap. 1864, a. 71, 40. CniGHTON, s. of Daniel (24), m. Theolotia, dau. of . John Lawton, 21 Nov. 1816; she d. s. p. 27 June 1817, a. 23, and he m. Rhoda, dau. of Timothy Hathaway, 30 Ap. 1820, and had Theolotia, h. 26 Ap. 1821, m. Ginery Twichell (a noted stage-driver, railroad president, and member of Cono-ress), 26 Aug. 1>;46, and d.^9 Mar. 1876; Luthera, b. 3 July 1824, d. 24 Mar.''l825; Crif/hton,\fi. 9 Mar. 1827, m. , res. at Lawrence, 111.; Julia, h. 17 June 1829, m. Stephen S. Seavey of Boston 15 Aug. 1855; he d. 6 Oct. 1867, and she m. Alexandre F. Leomans of Paris 28 Mar. 1878, res. at Chicago; Cyrus, IF., b. 10 Sep. 1831, m. , postmaster, res. at Brookline; Rhoda Maria, h. 9 Ap. 1835, m. William II. Power 28 Oct. 1867. Chighton the f. was a farmer, and a captain of militia. He res. on the road to AVare, at the place marked " C. Ruggles " on the R. INIap, kept the tavern near the Com- mon from 1826 to 1S32, and about 1836 rem. to Barre, where he d. 13 Aug. 1858, a. 65 ; his w. Rhoda d. 2 Nov. 1879, a. nearly 77. 41. Parks, s. of lienjamin (29), m. Lucy, prob. dau. of William Smith, 29 Nov. 1804, and had Li/dia, b. 31 :\Iar. 180S", m. Ransford L. Smith of Hop- kinton 25 May 1839; Afarij, h. 7 Sep. 1807; d. unm. at N. Brk. 24 Mar. 1878, a. 70; Reed Smith, b. 4 Sep. 1809; Lauretta, b. 25 Oct. 1811, m. James C. Ayres of N. Brk., pub. 9 Dec. 1838; Almira, b. 27 Nov. 1813, m. Henrv A. Moore of Littleton 21 Aug. 1837; Lucij, b. 25 July 1817. Parks the f. was a farmer, res. on the Old Greenwich road, three miles westerly from the Common, at the place marked '' P. Ruggles" on the R. Map, and d. 12 Nov. 1835, a. 54; his w. I'ucy d. 6 Nov. 18G7, a. 87. 42. Lkmuel, s. of Lemuel (30), m. Hannah Hooker of Enf., pub. 30 Mar. 1818, and had Elbridge, b. 3 June 1819; Salli/, b. 29 Mar. 1821, d. unm. 4 490 RUGGLES — SABIN. Ap. 1847 ; Emory, b. 5 June 1823, fl. 22 Feb. 1825 ; Maria, b. 2 Nov. 1825, m. Clinton Howard of Sturbridoje 20 June 1858, res. here and d. 13 May, 1877; Jane, b. 23 Mar. 1828, d. 3 July 1828. Lemuel the f. was a farmer, res. on the homestead, and d. 14 Feb. 1840, a. 51); his w. Hannah d. 16 Dec. 1877, a. 85. 43. Brigham, s. of Lemuel (30), m. Abigail Grain 30 Dec. 1813, and had Albert Henry, b. 9 Oct. 1814; '' Alucius " Grain, b. 31 Dec. 1815. Brigham the f. rem. toBoylston, andd. 9 Ap. 1863, a. nearly 79. 44. Martin, s. of Ephraira (31), m. Abicrail, dau. of Eleazar Dexter, 27 Feb. 1816, and had a child, which d. 13 July 1817; JSJartin Dexter, b. 26 Oct. 1820, d. 9 Mar. 1838; William Powers, b. 11 Nov. 1822; John E,iwin, b. 4 June 1826. Martin the f. d. 28 Sept. 1861, a. nearly 71; his w. Abigail d. 5 July 1860, a. 73. 45. Solomon W., s. of Solomon (32), ra. Tryphena Weeks 1 Ap. 1827, and had Benjamin Whiting, b. 25 Mar. 1828, d. at Fitchburg 1 Oct. 1846 ; JoJin Willis, b. 17 July 1829, d. at Fitchburg 13 July 1852. Solomon W. thef. rem. to Fitchburg, and d. 19 May 1863, a. 59. 46. Moses, s. of Anson (38), m. Maria, dau. of William Robinson of Barre 26 May 1841, and had Lucy Maria, b. 13 Oct. 1845, m. Edward H. Paige, 5 July 1876. MoSES the f., a farmer, res. at Barre and on the homestead in Hk. for some years, and afterwards on the Mixter Farm, near the Common. He was an assessor in 1851 and 1866. 47. Frederick D., s. of Anson (38), m. Eliza Jane Rogers" of Barre 14 June 1859, and had Frederick Anson, b. 19 Mar. 1861; Anna Reed, h. 22 Ap. 1863; Georr/e Raivson, h. 9 Nov. 1864; Mary Mixter, b. 15 Oct. 1866; Garrie Cutler, b. 22 May 1870; Jennie Louisa, b. 15 Aug. 1876; Samuel Rogers, b. 7 Dec. 1880. Frederick D. the f., a farmer, res. on the homestead. 48. Henry, s. of Franklin (39), m. Harriette S. Geer of Norwich, Conn., 25 Oct. 1852; she d. 11 Ap. 185 7, a. 26, and he m. Louise Cooke of Preston, Conn. ; she d. , and he m. Sarah Perry of Ridgefield, Conn. His chil. were Alice, b. 31 Dec. 1853 or 1854, d. 17 May 1862; William Gummings, b. 28 Oct. 1856; Annie Louise, b. 18 Sep. 1863. Henry the f. res. in Norwich, Conn. He served his country several years as consul at Barcelona, and after- wards at Malta. 49. Reed S., s. of Parks (41), m. Sarah A., dan. of Rufus Sargent of N. Br., pub. 17 Ap. 1839, and had Esies Sargent, b. 20 Feb. 1844; Frederick A., b. 14 Mar. 1848; Mary Ann, b. 29 May 1851, m. Edward B. Brown of Brimfield 1 Oct. 1879. Reed S. the f., a farmer, res. near the central bridge over Ware River, at the place marked " A. Rich " on the R. Map. He d. 12 Oct. 1882, a. 73 ; his w. Sarah A. d. 27 Sep. 1876, a. 63. 50. Elbridge, s. of Lemuel (42), m. Mary Aiken of Prescott, pub. 14 Dec. 1850, and had Mary Theolotia, b. 20 Aug. 1852; Abhie, b. 21 June 1854; Fred- erick Elbridge, b. 23 Sep. 1856, m. Katie El. Wesson 27 Ap. 1882 ; Amon/ A., b. 26 May 1859; Ella Frances, b. 3 Aug. 1863; Louis Hooker, b. 17 Nov. 1866; Gertrude M., b. 1 Feb. 1869; Nelson Paul, b. 29 Aug. 1871. Elbridge the f., a farmer, res. on the homestead. 51. William P., s. of Martin (44), m. Martha J\L, dau. of Capt. John Lawton, 22 Feb. 1846, and had Martha Jeannette,b. 8 Oct. 1847; John Wil- liam, b. 9 elune 1856. 52. Frederick A., s. of Reed S. (49), m. Carrie L. Towne 15 Jan. 1878, and had Alice Maude, b. 10 Oct. 18 78, d. 7 Sep. 1879 ; Amie L., b. , d. 12 June 1882. 53. Franklin (b. in Esperance, N. Y.), bv w. Julia Bell, had Julia Bell, b. 9 Dec. 1864. Samuel, m. Mary Mace of Stafford, Conn., pub. 20 Dec. 1784. Samuel (perhaps the same), m. Susanna Johnson of Thompson, Conn., pub. 6 Mar. 1786. Polly, m. Samuel French of Craftsbury, Vt., 17 July 179G. Pauline M. (dau. of Benjamin and Mary of Otsego, N. Y.), ni. John R. Fish 27 ^lay 1855, and (2d) Isaac S. Bonney 10 :\L-ir.l864. Sabin, David, by w. Mary, had Lydia, bap. 24 Sep. 1738; David, bap. 19 S ABIN — SAFFORD. 491 Oct. 1740; C/i/o6, bap. — July 1743; Lucij, bap. 14 Sep. 1746. David the f. was a comb-niaker, and came here from Rehoboth. He boiiiiht a farm in Hardwick 18 Oct. 1736, and was uibnitted to the church here 4 Sep. 1737. Elisha, ni. Sarah Crosby of Sturbridire 18 Feb. 1795. Abigaii,, of Bel., m. Dr. William H. Willis, pub. 17 Sep. 1842. Ursula G., d. 5 Sep. 1856, a. 29. Safford, Thomas, was of Ipswich as early as 1641, and by w. Elizabeth had sons Joseph and ,/oA/*, and four dau;;hters. He d. in Ips. 20 Feb. 106 7. 2. JoHX, s. of Thomas (1), b. about 1633, res. in Ipswich, and by w. Sarah had Thomas, Joseph, perhaps John, and five daujrhters. 3. Thomas, s. of John (2), b. in Ipswich 16 Oct. 1673, m. Eleanor, wid. of Richard Shatswell and dau. of Daniel Cheney, 7 Oct. 1098, and had Sarah, Thomas, Joseph, h. — March 1704-5. (Thus far I have been j^uided by a MS. letter from Hon. Robert Safford Hale of Elizabethtown, N. Y., one of the posterity of the last-named Joseph Safford.) 4. Joseph, s. of Thomas (3), m. Mary Challis 1728, and had Eleanor, bap. at Ips. 29 June 1729, d. 13 Dec. 1730 ; Joseph, bap. 25 Oct. 1730 ; Anna, bap. 28 Xov. 1731, m. Israel Olmstead 25 Nov. 1756; Challis, bap. 9 Sep. 1733; Philip, b. about 1736 ; Khenezer, b. about 1738 ; Mary, m. Azariah Wrijiht of Westminster, Vt., 29 June 1762. Joseph the f. was a " joyner; " he prob. rem. from Ips. to Sutton, and thence to Hk. in 1751, and d. here before 1757, when his widow released dower in his estate; slie subsequently rem. with her son Joseph to W^oodstock, Vt. 5. Joseph, s. of Joseph (4), m. Martha Powers 26 Oct. 1753, and had Jesse, b. 9 Feb. 1755; Eleanor, b. 23 Oct. 1757; Martha, b. 11 June 1759 (bap. 24 Sep. 1758 ; it would seem that the date of birth should be 1758, and the date of the preceding birth 1756) ; Joseph, b. 22 June 1760; i\Iartj, b. 4 Ap. 1763; Challis, h. 6 Feb. 1765; Lucinda, b. 8 Jan. 1771, d. 8 Feb. 1773. Joseph the f. was a housewright, and appears to have resided on the Barre road, at or near the place marked " Dr. Stone " on the R. Map. He was a partner with Deac. Joseph Allen in the hazardous enterprise of erecting, at their own risk, the spacious meeting-house which was completed in 1771. He was commis- sioned lieutenant of Caj)t. Daniel AVheeler's company of militia-in 17 71, and removed to Woodstock, Vt., in 1777, where he d. i9 Jan. 1798; his w. Martha d. 31 Mar. 1804, a. 73. 6. Challis, s. of Joseph (4), m. Rebecca, dau. of Thomas Winslow, 10 July 1755; she d. , and he m. Lydia, dau. of Jonathan Warner, 8 Feb. 1700. His chil. were Elizabeth, b. 7"Dec. 1755; An?ia, h. 27 Aug. 1757, d. 7 Ap. 1759; Anna, b. 22 Feb. 1761; Jonas, b. 23 July 1763; Jonathan, h. 27 Feb. 1766, went with his mother to Bennington in 1777, studied medicine prob. with his step-father. Dr. Jonas Fay, settled at Fawlet, Vt., in 1793, and " was a successful and popular practitioner until his death in 1821, aged 56 (55). Dr. [Jonathan] Safford raised a large family: Horace, Jonathan W., Edwin B., Annis, Eliza, Delia, and Caroline;"^ Robert, b. 1 7 July 1768; Challis, b. 15 Ap. 1771, was carried to Bennington in 1777, m. Betsey Doty 1 Nov. 1796, and rem. to Enosburg, Vt., in 1800, where he was elected deacon in 1833 ; he was a farmer, and "'won the confidence and friendship of his fel- low-citizens in a remarkable degree. It was not known that he had an enemy. In politics he was a Federalist of the old school. . . . He died Aug. 22, 1841, in the 71st year of his age ; and the people said ' a good man and true has gone to his rest.' " 2 Challis the f., in the record of his first marriage, is described as of Rutland (prob. Rutland District, now Barre), but seems to have become an inhabitant of Hk. immediately afterwards, and res. at the north end of the Common, on or near the jjlace marked " P. Hammond " on the R. Map. He was a physician, and during the French AV^ar served two campaigns in the regiment of Col. Ruggles, — as surgeon in 1757, and sur- geon's mate in 1759. His useful life had an early close; the date of his death is not found, but the inventory of his estate was rendered 21 June 1771, His w. Lydia m. Dr. Jonas Fay of Bennington, the famous Vermont patriot and politician, 20 Nov, 1777.- 1 Hid. of Pawlet, p. 233. - Vtrmont Hist. Magazine, ii. 150-153. 492 SAFFORD — SEARS. 7. Philip, s. of Joseph (4), was a "joyner" or carpenter, and resided here as early as 1755. He subsequently rem. to Rockinoham, Vt., m. Bigelow, and had several children. He served in the French War during five campaigns, 1755-1759, and on the roll for 1756 was described as 20 years old, and born in Ipswich. In his last campaign 1759, he held the office of lieuten- ant; he had previously been a drummer; and he must have been a good one, as he was the drum-major. 1757, in the regiment of Col. Ruggles, of which his brother, Dr. Challis Saf^ord, was surgeon. 8. Ehexezer, s. of Joseph (4), m. Abiel, dau. of Elisha Higgins, 24 Nov. 1759, and had Ehenezer, b. 9 Dec. 1759. He served in the French War dur- ing the campaigns of 1757, 1759, and 1760, — the last year as sergeant; on the roll for 1759 he is described as 21 years old. Whether he died while attached to the army does not appear; but his w. Abiel m. Israel Johnson 29 Dec. 1761. Sampson, John S., by w. Lydia S., had Alice N., b. 12 Feb. 1850. 2. Perez B., by w. Arminda R., had Francis, b. 16 Ap. 1861. Rachel, of Templeton, m.-Capt. Elijah Warner 15 May 1786. Olive, m. Allen Cobb 1 Jan. 1795. Betsey, ni. Giles Warner 4 May 1809. Saxger, Eleazar, by \v. Mary, had Eleazar and Ahner, twins, b. 12 Mar. 1739; il/ar//, b. 2 May 1741; Eliznbelh, b. 6 Sep. 1743. Eleazar the f. was son of Nathaniel Sanger of Woodstock, formerly a part of Worcester County, but now embraced in Connecticut. He was a farmer, and rem. from Wood- stock to Hk. in 1735, and apparently resided near the line of Barre. In Feb. 1 740 he sold to Elisha Hedge 300 acres of land, lying on both sides of Moose Brook, and bounded north on the Barre line. He prob. soon afterwards rem. to Petersham (then called Nichewoag), where he was residing in August 1751. 2. George J., was pastor of the Union Church and Society (the old First Parish), from 1856 to 1864. His w. Sarah E., d. 7 May 1858, a. 33, and he m. Susan V., dau. of Gardner Bartholomew, 31 May 1859. In the War of the Rebellion he served his country, first as lieutenant of infantry, and afterwards as chaplain, and was taken prisoner at Galveston. He rem. to Webster in 1864, and subsequently to Danvers. Saunders, Robert, m. Hannah Walker of Pet., pub. 30 Aug. 1768. Mary H., of Boston, m. Nathaniel Oliver 2(1, pub. 18 Dec. 1846. Sears, Richard, m. Dorothy Thacher in 1632, and had Knyvet ; Paul ; Si- las ; Z)<:^or(//<, m. Zechariah Paddock. Richard the f. came to Plymouth in 1630, and settled in the easterly part of Yarmouth (now Dennis), where he d. in 16 76, a. 86 ; his w. Dorothy d. in 1680. 2. Silas, s. of Richard (1), m. , and had Silas, b. ; Thomas, b. 1664; Richard, b. ; Hannah, b. 1672, m. Thomas Snow of Eastham; Jo- seph, b. ; Josiah, b. ; Elizabeth, b. ; m. John Cook; Dorrity. Si- las the f. was a lieutenant, res. in Yarmouth, where he d. 13 Jan. 1698, a. 60. 3. Joseph, s. of Silas (2), m. Hannah Hall 1700, and had Priscilla,h. 1701; Hannah, b. 1703; Zechariah, b. 1706; Joseph, b. 1708; Stephen, b. 1710; Rowland, b. 1711 ; Barnabas, b. 1714; Peter, h. 1716; Bethia, b. 1718; Silas, b. 1720, "went to Rochester;" Thaiilful, h. 1723. Joseph the f. res. in East Dennis. (Thus far, I have been guided by the Sears Gene(dnyij (appended to Pictures of the Olden Times), Freeman's History of Cape Cod, and Savage's Gen. Dictionary.) 4. Rowland (generally written Roland), s. of Joseph (3), m. Mary, dau. of John Freeman of Rochester, pub. 11 Nov. 1738, and had in Hk. Freeman, b. 25 July 1740; Barnabas, h. 20 Nov. 1743; Thankful, b. 15 July 1745, m. John Cobb 19 July 1764; Elisha, b. 6 June 1748, m. Hannah Sears 31 Oct. 1771; Mercy, b. 11 Ap. 1751, m. Reuben Snow 11 May 1769; Hannah, h. 20 Feb. 1754, ra. Ezekiel Baker, jmb. 2 Oct. 1785; Mary, bap. 4 June 1758. Ro- land the f., in the record of his marriage at Rochester, is described as of Upton; but he seems to have rem. to Hk. before the birth of his first child, and in 1742 bought land on Moose Brook, near Barre. He was a " bloomer," ^ or 1 "Bloom, a mass of iron that has passed the]bloraary, or undergone the first ham- SEARS — SELLON". 493 foroer of iron, and his forge was prob. on the site of what has long been called " Taylor's Mills." He was lieutenant of militia, a soldier in the llevohitionary War, selectman live years, after which he rem. to Greenwich, where he res. in 1787, when he took the oath of allegiance, having been involved in the Shays Rebellion. His wife Mary was disnussed from the church in Hk. to the church in Gr. 13 Sep. 1779. 5. Barxabas, s. of Joseph (3), m. Thankful, dau. of John Freeman, at Rochester, 25 Sep. 1732, and is said (in Sears Gen. p. 32) to have had two sons, Barnabas and Stephen; he had in Hk. Mary, b. 27 Ap. 1738, m. Capt. Jonathan .Fletcher of Rut. District (Barre), 1 May 17C0. Barnabas the f. was a " bloomer," prob. an associate of his brother Roland, and had rem. from Roch. to Hk. before the birth of his dau. in 1738. He rem. to Brk., where he purchased one eighth part of certain " iron-works," 5 Jan. 1740, and did not survive quite two years ; his inventory was rendered 28 Oct. 1741 ; his brother Roland settled the estate, and seems to have adopted the dau. Mary, who was bap. in Hk. 11 Sep. 1743, being styled in the record " iicpheio of Rolon Sears." 6. Silas, perhaps s. of Joseph (3), by w. Deborah, had Baniabas, h. 21 Mar. 17G3, possibly the Ca])!. Barnabas Sears who d. at Amh. 26 Feb. 1850, and was described as b. in Hard wick, and .S4 years of age. 7. Frekmax, s. of Roland (4), m. Mehetabel, dau. of Andrew Haskell, 22 Oct. 1761, and had Roland, h. 24 Dec. 1 762, and d. at Gr. 22 INIar. 1851; Andrew Haskell, b. 29 Mar. 1765, m. (then res. in Gr.) Rachel Stetson, — Mar. 1787; Melicent, b. 20 Sep. 1767, m. Field, and d. in Erving 6 Mar. 1 853, a. 85 ; Mary, b. 1 7 Feb. 1771; Mercy, b. 23 Jan. 1774; Charles Doolittle, b. 7 Oct. 1775. Freeman the f. prob. rem. to Gr. before 2 Feb. 1779, when his w. Mehetabel was dismissed from the church in Hk. to the church in Gr. 8. Barnabas, s. of Roland (4), or possibly s. of Barnabas (5), m. Rachel Bullard of Rut. District (Barre) in 1764, and had Jolm, b. 2 Aug. 1765; Han- nah, b. 4 Mar. 1767; Joseph, b. 12 Ap. 1769; Mases, b. 22 Ap. 1771 ; Barnabas, b. 18 May 1773, d. 2 June 1773; Freeman, bap. 15 May 1774, d. 18 June 1774; Mary, b. 10 June 1775. Barnabas the f. was a farmer, and res. on part of the homestead. His military service during the Revolution was abundant and conspicuous. He was sergeant of the company of "minute-men " which marched on the Lexington alarm, 19 Ap. 17 75; he returned and assisted Capt. Samuel Billings in organizing a company for the regular service, of which he was commissioned lieutenant 23 May 1775, and was captain of a company in the Dorchester Camp 15 Feb. 1776. He was elected major of Col. Holman's regiment 26 June 1776, and in 1781 is mentioned as '"Lieut. Colonel, Com- mandant," in the three months' service, when his i-esidence was in Greenwich. In the troublous times which followed the Revolution, like many other olHcers and soldiers, he was concerned in the unlawful effort lor relief, which is styled the Shays Rebellion or Insurrection. His oilence was pardoned by the gov- ernment, and he subscribed the oath of allegiance in 1787. He rem. to Green- wich, prob. before 13 Sep. 1779, when his w. Rache' was dism. from the church in Hk. to the church in Gr. Barxabas, d. 3 Oct. 1838, a. 67. Abigait (wid. of Barnabas), d. 4 Dec. 1860, a. 80. Abigail, m. Charles S. Smith of Barre 21 Sep. 1841. Sarah A., m. William A. F. Weeks of Oakham, pub. 20 Sep. 1859. Nettie O., of Gr., m. Sylvester S. Cleveland 2 Dec. 18j3. Lucius E., of Gr., m. Sarah E. King 10 Jan. 1865. Seaver, Moses, was a soldier in the French War 1755. Lucy, m. Na- thaniel Jackson of Gr., pub. 10 Ja.i. 1792. Lucy, m. Ezra Leonard, pub. 5 July 1807. Luther, m. Salouu Jackson, pub. 4 Nov. 1808 ; she d. 13 Ap. 18u9, a. 22. Sellox, John, Jr., was f^aartermaster in the French War, 1761, and was prob. the same who boug'.t of Isaac Abbott thirty acres of land adjoinino- Gr. 9 Jan. 176 7, was a s:/idier in the Revolutionary War, 1776, and m. Martha Moseley, at Sutto'* 26 Nov. 17 78. mering." "Bihmary (or Bloomary), the first forge through which iron passes after it is melted fror the ore." WtbsUr. 494 SELLON — SHURTLEFF. Nancy, m. Sylvanus Piirino;ton, pub. 3 July 1780. Samuel, of Leverett, m. Abigail JMoseley pub. 22 Jan. 1786. John, m, Rebecca Leech (or Luch) of Bel.', i)ub. 25 Sep. 1796. Sessions, Josiah T., m. Sarah A., dau. of Benjamin AV. Sherman, 28 Mar. 1872, and had Ajinn W., h. — Nov. 1873; George F., b. 10 Dec 1877; Ansel Benjamin, b. 8 Oct. 1880. Shaw, Jesse, m. Paulina, dau. of Joseph Crowell, 19 Dec. 1813, and had a child d. 17 Mar. 1814, a. 11 days. 2. LoREN, ni. Lucy H. Totman 17 Mar. 1846, and had Charles Henry, b. 22 July 1850, 3. William H., m. Lucy A. , and had Ahhy Eliza, b. 8 Jan. 1861; a dau. b. 1 Doc. 1863. GiNNET (Jeanette), m. David Ayers 21 Dec. 1742. Andrew, m. Anne Blair 17 Nov. 1749. Thomas, ni. Elizabeth Phinney of Pet. 7 June 1777, John, of Brk., ni. Kezia Chamberlain 12 June 1780. Mehetabel, ni. Oliver Harris, pub. 16 Ap. 1780. Hannah, m. Thomas Reed Smith 8 Mar. 1792. Louisa, m. Alvah Wood of Northampton 6 Ap. 1824. Chauncey R., of Bel., m. Eunice M. Elwell 24 May 1831. Oziel, of Ware, m. Levina Bassett 10 May 1836. Sherman, Benjamin "W., m. Lydia , and had EUzaheth, h. , d. 19 June 1842, a. 1; Lucy, b. 17 May 1843, d. 15 Oct, 1847; Avery, b. 15 Nov. 1847, d. 9 June 1849; Anna, b. 28 Jan. 1849; Sarah Adeline, b. 22 Feb. 1850, m. Josiah T, Sessions 28 Mar, 1872; a son, still-born, 28 July 1852; George, b. , d. 19 Sep. 1855, a. 3 days; Charles W., b, 24 Mar. 1859, d, 24 July 1859. Ben.jamin W. the f., a farmer, res. a little more than half a mile north from the Common, at the place marked " S. Berry " on the R. Map. 2. Horace R., m. Frances , and had Clara Dustin, b. 1 Ap. 1849, d. 15 Ap. 1850. Mary, of Grafton, m. John Cooper 15 Mar. 1748-9. AVilliam, of Roch- ester, m. Hannah Steward 11 Sep. 1766. John, of Barre, m. Mrs. Sally Allen 3 Dec, 1835. ]\L\ry S., m. James PL Severance of Boston 9 Jan. 1866. Shugrue, Patrick, m. Bridget , and had Ahhle, b. 11 Feb. 1858; John, b. about Dec. l!-!59, d. 1 Ap. 1860, a. 3 months. Patrick the f., b. in L-eland, d. 9 Oct. 1879, a. 44. 2. Cornelius, m. JNIary J. Higgins, pub. 17 Jan. 1861, and had Mary, b. 19 Mar. 1868; Julia, b. 16 Dec. 1869; Johanna, b. 16 Aug. 1871; Catherine, b. 15 Sep. 1872. 3. John, m. I\Iary , and had John, b. 9 Mar. 1872; Timothy, b. 16 Aug. 1873; Agnes, b. 11 Jan. 1877. Julia, m. James Sullivan, pub. 6 Dec, 1858, Julia, m. Florence Mahoney of Holyoke, pub. 17 Feb. 1863. Patrick, m. Hannah Fleming 15 Jan. 1865. Michael, m. Hannah Bresnihan of Ware 26 Nov. 1868. Mary, m. William Daunt, Jr., 3 Feb. 1878. John, d. 29 Aug. 1880, a. 75. Shumway, Perez, of Pv,n, m. Sarah Dwight 3 Ap. 1811, and had Relief, bap. 2 Aug. 1812, and m. Jos.'oh A. Gould, pub. 18 Jan. 1839, as a resident in Petersham; Eliza Flae/g, bap. ('adult) 25 June 1820, m. James P. Rogers 5 Mar. 1822, and d. 8 Aug. 1881, .-. 81. Levius, of Barre, ni. Mary Eliza Bolster 17 Aug. 1834. Zemira F., m. Rhoda W. Rogers 11 Feb. 1835. Zi mira F., of Pet. (prob. the same), m. Mrs. Lucinda Dexter 1 Oct, 1856, Alfred, d. 30 Sep. 1821, a. 14. Shurtleff, Jedediah, m. Lucy Ne 'diall of Danvers 7 July 1785, and had Otis, b. 15 Sep, 1787, m, Lydia, dau. of Maj. Seth Hinkley, 14 Feb. 1810; Clarissa, b. 10 Oct. 1790; twins b. 10 M.^y 1794, and d. 12 and 13 May 1794; Thomas Neiohall, b. 2 Ap. 1796, d, 11 No '.1798; Fairman Newhall, b, 28 Ap, 1799. Jedediah the f. was a tailor, and yent from house to house to make garments. He was lame and thriftless. A.'^t.er a temporary absence from the town he became a pauper, and with his wife icturned and received public aid for the remainder of life. He d. 26 Mar. 1845, a. "^2; his w. Lucy d. 5 Ap. 1838, a, 77. SHURTLEFF — SLOAN. 495 2. Jonas, m. Dolly Ilawes of N. Br. 27 Mar. 1794, and liad Beriah Ilmoes, b. 19 June 1795. IIkmax, m. Sally Merrick 30 Nov. 1788. Siiu.KY, Sardius, had Sardius, J., b. ; and by second wife, Mary , had Mary June, b. 25 June 1836; Leander, b. 10 July 1838; Charlotte Ellen, b. 3 Aug. 1840; Julia Maria, b. 6 July 1842, m. Samuel S. Dennis 26 Nov. 1863; Emili/ Louisa, b. 22 Aug. 1844, d. 15 Feb. 1848. Saudius the f. d. 16 Feb. 1845, a. 41. 2. Sumner, ni. Anna G. , and had Frances Jane, b. 11 July 1843; John Bruman, b. 8 Nov. 1847; a dau. b. 15 Sep. 1849, 3. Watervillk (or AValter), of Brlc, ni. Hannah, dau. of Cyrus Dan- forth, 29 Mar. 1843, and had, in Ilk., Martlia Maria, b. 8 Jan. 1845; Delphia Jane, b. 15 Nov. 1846; Ella Frances, b. 4 Feb. 1848. 4. Sardius J., s. of Sardius (1), m. Augusta M. Newconib, pub. 9 Nov. 1856, and had Frederick, b. 5 Feb. 1859; Charles Sardius, b. 5 Dec. 1862; Minnie Augusta, b. 4 July 1867; Estelle (or Annie G.), b. 6 Aug. 1809, d. 16 Aug. 1869. Sardius J., a farmer, res. on the road to Ware, at the place marked "Keyes Tyler " on the R. Map. 5. Leaxder, s. of Sardius (1), was an assessor eleven years, from 1862 to 1873, except 1868, and a member of the school committee in 1872 and 1873. He rem. to Spencer, with his mother, and was afterwards married. Samuel, m. Sarah Ingersoll of Pet., pub. 29 Aug. 1773. IMoi.ly, m. Stephen Woodward of Pet. 13 May 1777. Eunice, of N. Sal., m. Adonijah Dennis, pub. 1 May 1780. Elisha, m. Elizabeth Twitchel of Athol 1 Nov. 1781. Betsey, m. Samuel Worden of Pet. 30 June 1785. Aisijaii, m. Patty Corey 29 Sep. 1785. Braman B., of Enf., m. Maria A. Utley 31 Dec. 1833. Sarah C, of Auburn, m. Constant Southworth, pub. 27 Dec. 1838. Ann Maria, of Barre, m. Henry Wilkiiis, pub. 24 Oct. 1841. Caro- line A., m. William A. AVarner, Jr., 15 Nov. 1860. Isaac (b. in Sutton), d. 5 Mar. 1853, a. 73. Simmons, Taylor, d. 17 Nov. 1819, a. 39. Susan, m. John Thayer, pub. 7 Feb. 1820. SiMoNDS, Abigail, m. Joseph Marsh 17 jNIay 1750. Judah, m. Thankful Allis 28 May 1777. Hannah, of AVare, m. David Aiken 15 July 1765, and d. 28 July 183 7, a. 97. Sarah, of Barre, m. Frederick Henry, pub. 24 Nov. 1791. Philexa, m. Robei-t Parker, pub. 13 May 1811. Saijah, m. John Towne, pub. 2 Nov. 1858. Simpson, Nathaniel, had w. Dulcinea, who d. 12 Feb. 1834, a. 41, and he ni. Sai-ah, dau. of Samuel Spooner, 12 Mar. 1835; she d. 23 eJuly 1846, a. 46, and he m. Harriet N. Denio, 23 Dec. 1847, and had Homer Nathaniel, b. 13 Aug. 1850, d. 20 Mar. 1864; Harriet Isabel, b. 7 Nov. 1852, d. 21 Dec, 1858. Nathaniel the f, was b. in Wardsboro', Vt,, came to Ilk. about 1820, was an honest and industrious shoemaker, and res. on the turnpike about three quarters of a mile east of tVie Common, at the place marked " INlr. Stimpson" on the R. Map; he d. 18 Dec. 1876, a. nearly 85 years. 2. Joseph, m. Adeline , and had Adeline, b. 20 June 1865; Mary Z., b. 21 Aug. 186 7. Slaney, William, m. Anna , and had Sarah Gertrude, b. 11 Sep. 1804; Frederick Sames, b. 19 Aug. 1866; Alice Anna, b. 25 June 1871. Mary A., m. John H. Fay 15 Aug. 1877. Sleeper, Samuel, m. Lucy Ellen , and had Emma M., h. about 1834, d. 27 Sep. 1848, a. 14; Clarissa Ann. h. 28 Nov. 1843, d. 12 June 1849; George W. P., b. 1 Ap. 1846; L. Webster, b. 15 Mar. 1850; a dau.. still-born, 15 Mar. 1852. 2, Curtis C (s. of Timothy and Ruth), m. Fanny, dau. of George C. Rich- ardson, 8 Mar. 1873, and ).ad Mary Eliza, h. 5 Dec. is 73; Ejjie Louisa, b. 4 May 1875; Samuel Curti,, b. 24 June 1877; a dau. b. 10 Ap. 1879; a dau. still-born, 29 Ap. 188 j. Sloan, Willap.>, m. Alma, dau. of Ezra Clark, and had Melina, b. 27 Feb. 1822, m, CharlK.^ P. Brown of Woodstock, Conn., 24 Oct. 1849; Julia Ann, 496 SLOAN— SMITH. b. 6 Dec. 1825; Ezra C, b. 1 July 1827; Dwirjht, b. 10 Ap. 1830; Daniel P., b. 1 May 1832, d. 1 Oct. 1833 ; Luthera A., b. 10 May 1835, d. 29 May 1853, a. 18; Elhha Winsloiv, b. 18 Mar. 1837; Elizahelh Pair/e. b. 7 Jan. 1844; Marian Louisa, h. 28 Jan. 1846; Elnora, b. 10 June 1848. Willard tbe f., a farmer, res. on the road to Gr., about two miles westerly from the Common, at the place marked " W. Sloan " on the R. Map. 2. Jonathan Shipman, brother of AVillard (1), had permission from the General Court to take the name of Henry Clinton. He m. Mary Eliza, dau. of Jacob Earl, 18 Ap. 1844, and d. s. p. (accidentally killed by the fall of a tree) 26 Mar. 1855, a. 4 7. 3. James, m. Celia J. Richardson 16 Mar. 1837, and was, perhaps, the same who d. at Dana 1 Dec. 1875, a. 69. Smith, Benjamin, was one of the earliest and most energetic pioneers in the settlement of the town. Though not one of the original purchasers, he became a proprietor of the township by vote passed at a proprietors' meeting held in Roxbury 21 Feb. 1732-33 : "Voted, that Benjamin Smith, who mar- ried one of the heirs of John Curtice, deceased, sence he has carryed on his part of the charge with us, 'tis oi'dered that the said Benjamin Smith shall have recorded to him the ninth part of the said John Curtises share." He was a farmer, and res. on the old River road, about a mile southerly from the Furnace, at the place marked " A. Rice " on the R. Maj). ^V'hen the General Court granted to the inhabitants, 1 Dec. 1736, authority to elect certain olficers to manage their affairs, previous to their incorporation as a town, Mr. Smith was authorized to call the first meeting for that purpose; at which, on the 9th of Feb. 1736-7, he presided as moderator, and was elected chairman of the board of selectmen. He served on several important committees, and at the first meeting after the incorporation of the town, in 1739, was again elected to the otlice of selectman. He came here from Roxbury, where his first wife d., and he m. Experience, dau. of John Curtis, 21 Mar. 1716-17; she d., and he m. Hannah Phillips 23 Ap. 1724. His cliil. were Olive, h. about 1714, m. Ezra Leonard 1 June 1737, and d. 16 Feb. 1798; Elizabeth, b. about 1716, m. James Robinson 3 July 1739; Benjamin, b. 6 Mar. 1718; Samuel, b. 9 Ap. 1721; Caleb, b. 21 Feb. 1724-5; Hannah, b. 24 Jan. 1727; Manj, b. 26 Mar. 1729. Benmamin the f. appears to have rem. to Rutland before 1747, and to have res. there several years; but according to a tradition related to me, nearly half a century ago, by a lady then about ninety years old, he returned and spent his last days in tiie family of his daughter, Olive Leonard, surviving to extreme old age. He was certainly living 16 May 1769, when he executed an imper- fect will, now in possession of Mr. J. F. Morris of Hartford, one of his pos- terity. 2. Moses, m. Mary , and had Mary, bap. 1 Jan. 1737-8; he prob. d. before 28 Aj). 1751, at which date j]Ioses, son of " Widow Mary Smith " then residing at Ware River, was bap. here. 3. Edward, m. Dorcas, dau. of Rev. Benjamin Ruggles of N. Br. 25 Aug. 1757, and hud Dorcas, bap. 9 Dec. 1759, m. Solomon Hedge 8 Mar. 1781; Susanna, bap. 17 Nov. 1765, m. Israel Aiken of Windsor 23 Sep. 1784; John, bap. 7 May 1769; Samuel, bap. 16 June 1771. Edward the f. was a cooper, and res. here as early as 10 Oct. 1750, when he bought 165 acres of land ad- joining Quobbin (Greenwich), of l^iv. Timothy Ruggles of Rochester. The time of his death, or removal, is not ascertained. 4. AVilliam, m. Sarah , and had, prob., William, b. about 1771; Eliza- beth, h. 21 Sep. 1778, m. John Walker of Gr., pub. 16 Nov. 1806; Lucu, b. 20 Nov. 1780, prob. m. Parks Ruggles 29 No.-. 1804; Lydia, b. 20 June 1783; Mary, b. 8 May 1785, d. unm. 8"'Nov. 1809. \7iLLiAM'the f. d. 27 Sep. 1813, a. 74; his w. Sarah d. 19 Sep. 1831, a. 88. 5. Thomas Reed, perhaps s. of William (4), m. Hannah Shaw 8 Mar. 1792, and had Thomas, b. 26 Aug. 1792; Elias, b. 24 Feb. i"96, res. long in Gr., d. in Ware 5 May 1879; Warren, b. 2 Aug. 1799. Thomao Reed the f. was a farmer, res. near the line of Gr., about a quarter of a mile noi b of the turnpike, at the place marked " T. R. Smith " on the R. Map, was selectnan five years, and d. — June 1845, a. 77; his w. Hannah d. 6 Dec. 1858, a. 87. SMITH. 497 6. William, prob. s. of William (4), m. Lucy, dan. of Jk'njamin Rn^nles, 14 Feb. 1805, and had Jluggles, h. — Mar. 1806; William llan.wn, h. 16 June 1812, d. 4 Mar. 1846; Sarah Reed, b. . William the f. d. 4 May 1816, a. 45; his w. Lucy d. 15 June 1867, a. nearly 83. 7. John, m. Hannah, dau. of Warhani Warner of N. Br., 1 Sep. 1793, and had in Hk. Warner, b. — 1795, d, in /•'arre 28 Jan. 1867, a. 71; and proi). others. Joiix the f. was a cabinet-maker, and res. generally in Barre; but he bought of James Lawton, 26 Mar. 1792, the estate near the Conunon, marked " W. Mandell " on the li. Map, which he sold to J^lijah B. Harmon 30 July 1798, and returned to Barre. 8. Oliver B., m. Marv , and had Charles S., b. at N. Sal., 22 Sep. 1817; at Waitsfield, Vt., Frances B., b. 13 Nov. 1819; Mary A., b. 23 Aug. 1821; Fanny R., b. 26 Mav 1823; Horace S., h. 2 Ap. 1825; and after he came to Hk., ^Liioj II., b. 7 Oct. 1827, m. Jason Cleveland 30 Jan. 1843; Sarah M., b. 30 Oct. 1829 ; Jane E., b. 9 May 1831 ; Eliza Ann, b. 5 Ap. 1833. 9.' War MEN, s. of Thomas Reed (5), m. Pamela , and had Caroline, b. 14 Seji. 1830. Warren the f. was captain of cavalry, and d. 1 Sep. 1841, a. 42. 10. Moses, s. of Moses, and b. in Sterling, m. Adelaide, dau. of Charles Paige, 25 Dec. 1834, and had John R., b. 16 Oct. 1835, d. 25 Aug. 1838 ; John R., b. 17 Mar. 1839; Charles Moses, h. 8 July 1854, d. unm. 13 Feb. 1877. Moses the f. in early life was a merchant, but was obliged to abandon active pursuits by severe chronic rheumatism. He afterwards bought, and for many yeai's occupied, the estate on the westerly side of the Common, formerly the residence of Daniel Ruggles, Esq., and marked " D. R." on the R. Map. He d. 23 Feb. 1881, a. 79. 11. Ruggles, s. of William (G), m. Hannah D. Bonney of Chesterfield, pub. 16 Mar. 1838, and had Eleanor Aiif/us/a, b. 6 Mar. 1839. 12. Charles S., jirob. s. of Oliver B. (8), m. Abigail Sears 21 Sep. 1841, and had Ellen Elvira, h. 11 Oct. 1842, d. 31 July 1844; Ellen S., b. 23 Aug. 1844. 13. Benton, was ordained pastor of the Universalist church and society 2 July 1845. He m. Maria L. Sprague of Boston, pub. 26 Aug. 1845, and had William Benton, b. 22 July 1846. He rem. in 1849 to Shirley Village, and subse(|uently to So. Reading, Chatham, Waltham, and Newmarket, N. H., and retiu'ned to Waltham. He was for many years the very efficient secretary of the State Convention of Universalists in Massachusetts. His w. Maria L. d. at Waltham 5 Nov. 1882, a. 63. 14. Andrew, m. Margaretta , and had Charles Frederick, h. 4 Aug. 1848. 15. Ben.jamin, m. Sophronia , and had a dau. (name not recorded), b. 26 Oct. 1849 ; the mother jjrob. d. 29 Ap. 1874, a. 61. 16. Thomas, m. Alice H. , and had Mary, h. 26 Nov. 1851 ; Alice, b. 10 Aug. 1853; Rosanna, b. 1 Jan. 1856; Margaret, b. 1 July 1857; Thomas, b. 24 Sep. 1859; William, h. 8 Dec. 1861 ; John, b. 2 Ap. 1864. 17. JoHX, m. Elizabeth , and had Mary Anna, b. 20 June 1853; John W., b. 15 Jan. 1855; and prob. Catherine Jane, b. 10 May 1860. 18. Constantine, m. Julia A. Thaver 3 July 1856, and had Constantine, b. 25 Feb. 1862. 19. Royal, m. Catherine , and had Margaret, b. 17 Aug. 1858. 20. James M., m. Martha , and had George William, b. 4 May 1862; Frederick Austin, b. 26 Feb. 1875, d. 9 Nov. 1875. 21. William, m. Agnes , and had Thomas, b. 14 Nov. 1867. Hannah, m. Samuel Howe of Rut. 29 jNIay, 1739. Saraii, m. Jacob Knowlton, pub. 1 Nov. 1762. Joseph, m. Jane Smith of Pet. 26 Aug. 1768. Mary, of Bel., m. Capt. Benjamin Ruggles 28 Dec. 1778. Kezia, m. John Giflin 22 July 1783. Rhoda, of Pet., m. John Jameson 15 Dec. 1785. Bet- sey, of Ware, m. Timothy Barlow, pub. 6 June 1791. ILannah, m. John Baker of Pelh., pub. 15 Feb. 1794. Rebecca, m. Levi Higgins of (Jr. 7 Jan. 1796. Abigail, m. Obed Lain, 16 Feb. 1802. Samuel, m. Cynthia Mason 32 498 SMITH— SNOW. 22 Dec. 1803. Sally, m. Arcliippus Thayer of Mansfield 29 Nov. 1804. Elkanok, m. Zenas Cobb 2 June 1805. Mary, of Gr., m. Aqiiila Collins 18 Oct. 1807. Triphena, of Dana, m. Epbraun Hodges, Jr., pub. 25 Dec. 1815. Orrel, of Ware, ni. Moses M. Warner, pub. 30 Dec. 181 G. Sally, of Pet., in. Royal Cleveland, pub. 3 Ap. 1820. Nancy M., of N. Sal., ni. Samuel R. Aiken, pub. 24 Ap. 1826. Amos K., of Wendell, m. Anna W. Dexter 12 June 1826. Dr. James M., of New Haven, ni. Martha Ann Paige 25 Nov. 1829. Nancy R., of Barre, m. Maj. James Danforth, pub. 11 Sep. 1830. Mary L., m. Convers C. Rogers 20 June 1833. Martha, m. Gamaliel Col- lins, 13 Oct. 1834. Ransford L., of Hoj)kinton, m. Lydia Ruggles 25 Mar. 1839. Sylvia S., of Gr., ni. Justus Johns(jn, pub. 28 Feb. 1840. Sarah R., ni. Daniel 11. Fay of Southboro' 1 Ap. 1841. Mklona, m. Elbridge Hill of Holden, pub. 19 May 1841. Luther, m. Elizabeth E. Grant 21 July 1847. Charles E., of W. Brk., m. Lucy A. Ehvell 25 Dec. 1850. Jonathan P., of Gr., ni. Mary S. Earl 6 Dec. 1853. Julia Ann, m. Francis P. Weeks 26 June 1872. Mrs. Lizzie, m. Gardner S. Davis 23 Mar. 1874. Mary S., m. Otis B. Richardson 14 Ap. 1877. Eleanoi!, d. 14 Oct. 1823, a. 16. John, d. 10 June 1829, a. 39 (he had buried two children in August 1825, names not recorded, one a. 3 years, the other a. 1 year). Sally, w. of Minor, d. 17 Oct. 1829, a. 35. George, d. 9 Nov. 1831, a. 70. Susan, d. 28 June 1838, a. 14. Elizabeth, w. of Wil- liam, d. 7 Oct. 1855, a. 26. Andrew, d. 14 Aug. 1859, a. 62. Mrs. Thank- ful, d. 22 Nov. 1872, a. 74. I have found it impracticable to give a full account of the several families bearing the name of Smith, who have res. here, or to show the connection, if any, between them, except in a very few cases. INlany seem to have remained here ordy a short time; many undoubtedly neglected to register the birth of their children; and many deaths also were not recorded. I have mentioned such births, marriages, and deaths as I could ascertain, in chronological order, and regret my inability to present a more satisfactory result. Snow, Jesse, m. , and had prob. Apollaa, h. 1767; prob. Rebecca, b. 1769, m. Ephraim Lane 13 Nov. 1803, d. 20 Mar. 1835, a. 65; Jesse, b. 29 Sep. 17 71; Manj, b. 7 Mar. 1775, m. Abel Walker, Jr., 26 Jan. 1797; he d. , and she m. Crawford, and d. in Gr. 18 Feb. 1865, a. nearly 90. There may have been other chil. before the parents came here. Jesse the f. res. in the westerly part of the town, prob. at the place marked " B. Snow" on the R. Map, about four and a half miles from the Common; he d. in June 1825, a. 96; his w. Mary d. 5 Feb. 1813, a. 77. 2. Reuben, m. Mercy, dau. of Roland Sears, 11 May 176 9, and had Sam- uel, b. 28 May 1770; Stephen, b. 16 May 1772; Barnabas, b. 22 Aug. 1774, d. 31 Oct. 1775; Barnabas, b. 11 May 1778, according to the record; but prob. the date is wrong, as the date of his baptism is 8 June 1777, 3. Jonathan, of Harwich, bought a farm here 1 May 1770, which he sold to Simeon Hazeltine 9 Dec. 1771, calling it his homestead; but no I'ecord is found of his family. 4. Apollos, prob. s. of Jesse (1), ni. Leah Packard of Bel., pub. 14 July 1794, and had Barnabas, b. — Nov. 1795 ; Clarissa, b. 1798, m. George W. Knapp of Franklin, 21 Sep. 1823, and d. in Dana 29 May 1874, a. 75 years and 5 months; perhaps also Hiram, and others. Apollos the f. was a farmer, prob. inherited the homestead, and d. 1 Nov. 1843, a. 76. The names of his chil. and gr. chil. indicate that he was son of Reuben (2), rather than of Jesse (1) ; but if he was 76 years old when he d. in 1843, he must have been born as early as 1767, whereas Reuben (2) was not married until 1769. 5. Barnabas, s. of Apollos (4), m. Eunice, dau. of Frederick Wicker, pub. 3 Feb. 1817, and had Alanson, b. 1820, d. 3 Mar. 1843, a. 23; Reuben A., b. 1823; Cyrus, b. 1825, d. 21 Ap. 1840, a. 15; Susan M., b. 1833, d. unm. 27 Jan. 1852, a. 18 years and 6 months. Barnabas the f. prob. inherited the homestead; he d. in Ware 22 Dec. 1874, a. 79; his w. Eunice d. here 2 May 1869, a. 80. 6. Hiram, perhaps s. of Apollos (4), m. Louisa F. , and had Eugene, SNOW— SOUTIIWORTII. 499 b. — Ap. 1S45, d. 31 Aug. 1845, a. 4 months. LouiSA F. the mother d. 7 June 1860, a. nearly 52. 7. Keuhkx a., s. of Barnabas (5), m. Persis M., i, b. 29 May 1867; Constant Lervy, h. 10 May 1870; Cretia, ov Lucretia A., b. 12 May 1879. 8. Oscar S., s. of Constant (6), m. Fanny M. CoUins 15 Ap. 1869, and had Mary Louisa, b. 24 July 18 70. 9. Frank Kossuth, s. of Constant (6), m. Hattie J. Stark 10 Dec. 1878, and had Mahel Anna, b. 14 Oct. 1880. Mrs. Mary W., d. 20 Feb. 1842, a. 28. Spooneu, William, m. Elizabeth Partridge; she d. 28 Ap. 1648, and he m. Hannah, dau. of Joshua Pratt, 18 Mar. 1652. His chil. were John, b. ; Sarah, b. 5 Oct. 1653; Samuel, b. 4 Jan. 1655; Martha, b. ; William, b. , d. 1729; Isaac, h. , d. 1 709 ; Hannah, b. ; Mercy, h ; Ebenezer, b. — 1666, d. 5 Feb. 1718. William the f. was in Plymouth as early as 1637, being then apparently a minor. He was sworn a freeman 6 June 1654, and res. at Plymouth until about 1660, when he rem. to that part of Dartmouth which is now Acushnet, and d. in 1684. 2. John, s. of William (1), apparently bv two wives, had John, b. 2 July 1668, d. 1728; William, b. 11 May 1680; Jonathan, b. 28 Aug. 1681, d. 13 Ap. 1711 ; Elizaheth, b. 19 June 1683, d. 14 July 1743 ; Eleanor, b. 1 Feb. 1685; Phehe, b. 11 Mav 1687; Nathan, b. 21 Sep. 1689; Rebecca, b. 8 Oct. 1691, d. 9 Mar. 1729; Deborah, b. 10 Aug. 1694; Barnabas, h. 6 Feb. 1699, d. 1734. JoHX the f. res. at Dartmouth (Acushnet), and was living 7 Feb. 1733, the date of his will.i 3. Samuel, s. of William (1), m. Experience,^ and had William, b. 13 Feb. 1688-9; Mary, b. 4 Jan. 1690-1 ; Samuel, b. 4 Feb. 1692-3; Daniel, b. 28 Feb. 1693-4; Seth, b. 31 Jan. 1694-5; Hannah, b. 27 Jan. 1696-7; Jos- hop,^ b. 13 Nov. 1698 ; Anna, b. 18 Ap. 1700; Experience, b. 19 June 1702; Beulah, b. 27 June 1705; Wing, b. 30 Ap. 17 — (record defaced). Samuel the f. res. in Dartmouth (Acushnet), was a weaver, constable in 1680 and 1684, and d. in 1739, a. 84. 1 Thus far, in 1113' account of this family, 2 Xhe author of the Spooner Memorial (p. I have relied entirely on the Spootier Me- 42) reasonably conjectures that her name moriul, a beautiful volume of 242 pages, pub- was Experience Wing. lished in 1871 hy Hon. Thomas Spooner of 3 xhis name is given as Joshua in the Cincinnati, Ohio, one of the Vice-Presidents SjMoner Alemoricd, p. 42. I think it is de- of the N. E. Hist. Genealogical Society, signed for Jashub, a contraction of Shear- The same author has prepared for publica- jashub, which name is found in the next tion an exhaustive genealogy of tlie wliole generation. I have not seen the father's family descending from the original WiL- will, and know not precisely in what form MAM Sfoonek. It is much desired that he the name appears there; but the Dartmouth may soon have suitable encouragement to record has it Jos/u)/>, as in the text, publish the result of his arduous and long- continued labor. SPOONER. 501 4. Joiix, s. of John (2), ni. Rosamond, dan. of Samnel and IMary (Hatha- way) Hammond, 20 June 1705, and had Jedutliwi, b. 10 Ap. 1706, ni. Ruth, dau. of Lettice «Tenney, and d. 1740; PIk^ic, b. IG Ap. 1708; John, b. ; Benjamin, b. ; Thomas, b. 16 Jan. 1718; Peter, b. ; Elizabeth, b. ; Rosamond, b. 4 Jan. 1724. Johx the f. was a farmer, res. in Dart- month (Acushnet), and d. between 4 INIar. and 12 Ap. 1728. See Spooner Memorial. 5. William, s. of John (2), ra. Alice Blackwell, and liad Jemima, h. 7 Dec. 1700; Joanna, twin, b. 12 May 1703, ni. James Whitcomb, Jr.. of Rochester 12 July 1727; Elizabeth, twin, b. 12 .May 1703; Micah, b. 2 Ap. 1707; Na- thaniel, b. 21 Ap. 1709; Rebecca, b. 1 7 'Nov. 1710; Sarah, b. 18 Jan. 1712; Mercy, b. 8 Jan. 1714; Isaac, b. 9 Jan. 1716; Alice, h. 27 INfar. 1718; Wil- Uam, b. 27 Jan. 1720 ; Ebenezer, b. 29 May 1724. William the f. was a farmer, and res. in Dartmouth (Acushnet). See Spooner Memorial. 6. Samuel, s. of Samuel (3), m. Rebecca W^eston 10 Ap. 1717: slie d. 26 Jan. 1728-9, and he ni. Deborah, dau. of Isaac Pope, 8 ]\Iar. 1729-30. His chil. were Esther, b. 26 Jan. 1717-8; Hannah, h. 18 Au<:j. 1719, m. Cnpt. Benjamin Willis of Dartmouth 30 Mar. 1743, rem. to Hardwick, and d. 6 Feb. 1812, a. 92; Thomas, h. 3 Ap. 1721; Zephaniah, b. 15 May 1724; Amaziah, b. 9 Mar. 1725-6, settled in Hk. ; Elnathan, b. 20 Nov. 1730; Abigail, b. 11 Ap. 1732, m. John Jenney of Dartmouth 23 Nov. 1752, rem. to Hk., and d. 10 Dec. 1829, a. 97; Seth, b. 31 Jan. 1735-6. Samukl the f. was a farmer, res. in Dartmouth (Acushnet), and d. in 1781, a. 88. 7. Daniel, s. of Samuel (3), m. Elizabeth Ruggles ^ at Rochester 10 Oct. 1728 ; she d., and he m. Mrs. Bethia Nichols of Lancaster 3 Sep. 1767 ; she d., and he m. Mary, widow of Paul Dean of Hk., 16 Oct. 1780. His chil. were Lucy, b. 29 Oct. 1729, ra. Edward Ruggles of Hk. 29 Jan, 1746-7, and d. 2 Ap. 1821, a. 91 ; Elizabeth, b. 14 July 1731, m. Daniel Fay of Hk. 18 May 174 9, and d. 24 Nov. 1756, a. 25 ; Philip, b. 13 Dec. 1733, m. Elizabeth, dau. of Kenelm Winslow of Hk., 25 Dec. 1755; she d. 8 Ap. 1792, and he m. Eunice, dau. of Benjamin Trow ; he res. in Pet., and d. 30 Sept. 1826, a. 93; Shearjashub, b. 14 Aug. 1735, m. Sarah, dau. of Ebenezer Whipple of Hk., 21 May 1 760, res. in Pet., was a carpenter and a soldier in the Revolutionary War; he rem. to Heath, and d. 25 Ap. 1785, a. nearly 50; Ruggles, b. 24 Mar. 1736-7, m. Mehetabel Nye, res. in Pet. and Dana, is said to have served in the French and Revolutionary Wars, was certainly involved in the Shays Rebellion, and through his active life almost constantly engaged in litigation, — a notable instance of which was his suit against Sarah Peckham for breach of promise of marriage, tried at Worcester, and a verdict rendered for the defendant 16 Oct. 1782. His old age was dark and dreary; he became en- tirely blind, lost all his ]iroperty, and would not acknowledge any e.xpectntion of a future existence. He retained his mental faculties, which were naturally strong and active, until extreme old age, and, until near the close of life, often walked from Dana to Hk. He d. in 1831, a. 94 ; his wife Mehetabel d. 1 Sep. 1855, a. 92, or 97, according to difl'erent authorities; Wing, b. 29 Dec. 1738, res. in Pet., was a carpenter, a captain in the Revolutionary War, m. Eunice Stevens 27 Jan. 1763, aiul d. 7 Dec. 1810; Eliakim, h. 7 Ap. 1740; Daniel, b. 10 Dec. 1741, m. Abigail Munroe 18 Nov. 1766, settled in Hartland, Vt., and was selectman, representative, justice of the peace, and d. in Nov. l«2.s ; tiaunah, b. 25 June 1743, d. young; Paul, b. 20 March. 1745-6, m. Asenath Wright; she d. and he m. Mrs. Ann Post. He was a physician and an active politician. He settled early in Hartland, Vt., and " was a member of the state council four years from 1778, then Lieutenant-Governor until 1786, judge of the supreme court for nine years ending in 1788, and was an agent of the State to the Continental Congress in 1780, and again in 1782." - He 1 She was prob. dau. of John and Eliza- his son. Rev. Timothy Riifrgles of Rochester, beth Riii;\i;les, and b. at Koxbury in 1700. as a safe slielter, where she remained until Her father d. early in 1712, and Capt. Sam- she was married. uel Ruggles was appointed guardian, who 2 Hall's History of V'ermont, p. 469. seems to have placed her in the family of 502 SPOONER. (1. 5 Sep. 1789, a. 43, wliile yet in the prime of life, and in the midst of his tisefuhiess. (His second son, Paul, settled in Hardwick, Vt., was the first town clerk of that town, 1795, and also its first representative, elected in 1797, 1798, and 1799.) Daniel the f. res. several years in Dartmouth, where he was born, and the births of all his children are recorded in that town; but a doubt is expressed in the Sponner Memorial, p. 96, whether all of them were born there, inasmuch as the father seems to have resided in Rhode Island about 1732. However this be, it is certain that he removed to Hardwick be- fore 16 June 1748, when he sold a lot near the Harre line, " granted oriLjinally to Mr. Keith," and adjoining land of " Col. Willis." He did not long re- main here, however, as in a deed dated 14 July 1750 he is described as of Nichewoag (Petersham) ; but he manifestly retained very intimate relations with the inhabitants of Hk.; five or six of his children married our sons and daughters, and in his old age he came here for his third wife. He was a "joiner" or carpenter, and was elected deacon of the church in Petersham soon after his removal into that town. The precise date of his death is not ascertained; but he is generally believed to have survived until 1797, one hundred and three years after he was born. There can be no reasonable •loubt, I think, that he completed more than a century of life ; and the tradi- tion of his extreme old age is current among his descendants to the present day. His last wife, Mary, d. here 9 M;iy 1822, a. 94 ; her head-stonestands in the new cemetery. 8. Thomas, s. of John (4), m. Rebecca, dau. of Judah and Alice (Alden) Paddock, granddaughter of David Alden, and great-granddaughter of John Alden the Pilgrim, 10 June 1742, and had Rebecca, b. 2 Aug. 1743, m. Timothy Green of New London, Conn., 2 Jan. 1763; John, bap. 23 Ap. 1745, m. Lydia, dau. of John and Lydia Alden, 25 Mar. 1769, was a printer, and established the first newspaper in New Bedford ; Tltomas, b. 8 Mar. 174 7, said to have lost his life in the Revolutionary Army; Judah Paddock, b. 5 Nov. 1748, m. Deborah Douglass 10 Sep. 1770, was a printer, settled in AVestminster, Vt., and d. — Feb. 1807 ;i Rosamond, b. 21 Mar. 1751, m. Ezra AVinslow, and rem. to Hk., where he d. 12 Aug. 1789, and she m. Richard Ransom of Woodstock, Vt., pub. 26 Nov. 1801, and d. 1829; Alice, b. 2 Mar. 1753, m. Paul Ingraham 28 Jan. 1770, res. in New Bedford, and d. 25 Ap. 1792; Jeduthun, b. 12 May 1755; Alden, b. 22 Aug. 1757, m. Sarah Bur- ton of Norwich, Conn., 30 Ap. 1781^ was a printer, res. in Windsor, Vt., and d. 1 May 1827;"^ Frances, b. 2 Mar. 1760, m. Capt. Joseph Bowman of Barnard, Vt., 26 Jan. 1786. Thomas the f. was a carpenter or housewright, res. at Newport, R. I., and afterwards at New London, Conn. ; his five sons are said to have rendered military service in the Revolutionary War, and two of them, with his son-in-law, Green, were the earliest printers in Vermont. He d. in Mar. 1767; his w. Rebecca prob. came to Hk. with her son Jeduthun, or her dau. Rosamond Winslow, m. Capt. Joseph Warner of Cunnnington, formerly of Hk., 12 Nov. 1781, and d. in Jan. 1812. (For much in this article I am indebted to the kindness of Hon. Thomas Spooner.) 9. Ebi<:nkzer, s. of William (5), m. Sarah, dau. of James and Patience (Ruggles) Robinson, at Rocliester, pub. 3 Jan. 1745-6, and had Micah, bap. 1 " The first printing-otlice in Vermont was ' Pliant as reeds where streams of freedom g-Iide, estalilished at Westniiiister, in the siminier ^'i™ ^s the hills to stem oppressiou's tide.' ■' (if 1778, by Judah Paddock Spooner and Thompson's Hist, of Vermont, ii. 171. Timothy Green. At the session of tlie ^ The printing; press and types which had Legislature in October following, Judah P. been used at Westminster,' having been Spooner and Alden Spooner were appointed purchased b}' George Hougli, he removed State printers. ... In February, 1781, was them to Windsor, and, in partnership with commenced at Westminster, by J. P. Alden Spooner, on the 7th of August, 1783, Spooner and Timothy Green, the publica- commenced the publication of a paper tion of the first newspaper ever printed in called " T/ie Vermont Journal and Uidver- Vormont. It was called ' The Vermont On- sal Advertiser." This was the third paper zette, or Gieen Mountain Post Boy,' and it established in Vermont. Thompson's Bist. had for its motto the following couplet, of Vermont, ii. 171. which is truly characteristic of the inhabit- ants of the Green Mountain State. SPOONER. 503 25 "May 1746, d. unin. in the army at Ticonderowa, 1778; Dorothy, bap. here 26 Feb. 1748-9, m. Snnmel INIillcr, res. at Kent, Conn.; Ebenezer, b. 24 Mar. 1750-1, bap. here 5 May 1751. m. Rebecca, dan. of William and Rachel Spooner, 24 Ap. 1774, res. at Kent; Hannah, b. 12 Jan. 1753, bap. here 21 Jan. 1753, m. William, son of William and Racliel Spooner, 3 Sep. 1788, res. at Monkton, Vt., and d. 3 Jan. 1813; Alice, bap. here 15 Dec. 1754, said to have m. Hendrick Wine^A, b. 21 June 1773. Amaziau the f. was a farmer, came to Hk. from Dartmouth before he was married, res. on the north side of the turnpike, and the west side of Mnuljlication of a weekly newspaper, was elected to tiie As-^enilily in 18.j0, 1851, wliich he continued for about twelve years. 1857, and 1801. In 1857 he was elected He then began tlie study of law, and was Speaker of the Assembly. He was elected admitted to its practice in 1833. . . . State senator for the terms of 1862 and In 184-2 he removed to Wisconsin, and in 18G3. In the last session he was chosen 1843 he settled in Elkhorn, Walworth President of the Senate, and became County, where he has ever since resided In Lieutenant-Governor when INIr. Salomon 184G he was elected judge of probate, which succeeded to the executive cliair. In 1863, otiice he held until the probate was merged 18G5, and 1867, he was elected Lieiitenant- into the County Court. In 1853 he was ap- Governor ; and, by virtue of his otiice, he 604 SPOONER. Speaker of the House of Representatives, President of the Senate, and Lieutenant-Governor of the State ; Lorhif/ b. 29 Ap. 1797, d. 27 or 29 Sep. 1802 ; Jeilulhun, h 5 July 1799, went early to Windsor, Vt., became a printer under tlie instruction of his uncle, Alden Spooner, and of his brother, Wy- man Spooner, res. for a time in Burlington, m. Isabella P. Spooner, 30 Ap. 1823, and (2d) Betsey R. Ross, 3 Nov. 182(3; he d. in Iowa 9 Mar. 1867. Jeduthun the f. came to Hk. before he was married, and was one of its most respected inhabitants during the remainder of his life. He was a saddler, and res. about fifty rods north of the Common, at the place marked " ^yid. Parker" on the R. Map, until 1801, when he advertised his estate for sale, " which had been occupied as a stand for a saddler near twenty years," and bought a farm on the easterly road to Gill>ertville, about two and a half miles south of the Common, marked " Wid. Mar.-h " on the R. Map, and devoted himself to farming; his house, which disappeared several years ago, stood a few rods from tlie road, and was approached by a lane, of which some vestiges still remain. He was a man of most exemplary character, and en- dured with Christian philosophy a severe domestic affliction, occasioned by the insanity of his wife, with tragical accompaniments. He was a selectman seven years, assessor six years, town clerk five years, and representative four )ears. He closed ins eyes on the " lights and shadows" of mortal life 16 May 1817; his insane wife Hannah eluded the watchfulness of her friends and committed suicide 16 Dec. 1807, a. 52. 13. Zepiiaxiah, s. of Amaziah (10), m. Sally Church 5 Nov. 1789, and had BrddfonJ, b. 5 Ap. 1791 ; Barnabas, b. 9 Julv 1793, d. 23 or 24 May 1814; Grover,h. 19 May 1798; C/iaiies C, h. 13 Dec. 1804. ZEriiANiAH the f. was a farmer, res. on the homestead, and d. 13 June 1810, a. 56 ; his w. Sally d. 30 Aug. 1833, a. 68. 14. Samuel, s. of Amaziah (10), m. Hannah Williams 14 Jan. 1798, and had Sarah, b. 12 Jan. 1800, m. Nathaniel Simpson 12 Mar. 1835, and d. 23 July 1846 ; Orin, h. 28 Nov. 1802; Hannah, b. 2 Oct. 1804, m. Orville Swift of Wilmington, Vt., 5 June 1832; Samuel Brujham, b. 17 Sep. 1806, d. at Springf. 8 May 1862; Lydia Maria, b. 24 July 1810, perhaps m. Julius Nor- ton of Bennington, Vt.,' 29 Feb. 1836; Zephaniah, h. 28 Mar. 1812, res. in Springf., m. Sophronia Randall in Hk. 8 Ap. 1841. Samuel the f. d. 19 Ap. 1840, a. 77; his w. Hannah d. 2 June 1830, a. 53. 15. Seth, s. of Amaziah (10), m. Mehetabel Taylor 19 Feb. 1795; she d. 12 May 1812, a. 40, and he m. Mrs. Sally Gates 25 Nov. 1812. No record is is found of the birth of his children; but he had Rhoda, h. 1797, d. 21 Sep. 1811, a. 14; and perhaps Fanny, h. 1801, d. unm. 14 Dec. 1822, a. 21. 16. Bkadfoui), s. of Zephaniah (13), m. Arathusa, dau. of John Earl, 30 Nov. 1821, and had Sarah Church, b. 18 Nov. 1822, m. Charles Wood of Barre 21 Aug. 1851; Alden Bradford, b. 12 Nov. 1824; John F., b. 1826, d. unm. 26 Dec. 1873, a. 47; Harmon C, bap. 11 May 1829; Caroline E., b. about 1830, m. George R. Paige 22 Jan. 1852; Henry, b. 1832, d. 19 Feb. 1834, a. 1 year and 7 months; Maria, b. 1835, d. 22 May 1836, a. 1 year and three months; Jane M., b. about 1839, m. A. Lyman Barr of N. Br. 1 Jan. 1862; He^iry A., b. 1 July 1840. Bradford the f. was a farmer, and res. on or near the hoiuestead, but on the east side of Muddy Brook, at the place marked " B. Spooner" on the R. Maji. He d. 1 Nov. 1872, a. 81 ; his wife Arethusa d. 7 Ap. 1872, a. 72. 17. Grover, s. of Zephaniah (13), m. Ruth, dau. of Timothy Hathaway, 28 May 1829, and had Charles, b. ; Timothy HeUhaway, b. ; Lucius, b. . Grover the f. was a cabinet-maker, res. in Barre, and d. 19 Aug. 1858, a. 60. 18. Charles C, s. of Zephaniah (13), m. Anna Maria, dau. of Orin Trow, 17 Sep. 1829, and had Hannah Robinson, b. 30 Dec. 1S30; Barnabas Berry, b. 30 Jan. 1833, d. 20 Mar. 1833; Charles Grover, b. 5 Ap. 1834, d. 27 presided over the Senate for six consecutive avan. Judge Spooner is a man of constant years. He was a member of the first board dilifience and energy." History of the State of trustees fur the Deaf and Dumb at Del- of Wisconsin (1875), pp. 796, 797. SPOONER — SPROUT. 505 Aiiq:. 1848; Harriso?!, b. 25 Jan. 1840; Webster, b. 17 Feb. 1845, res. in Boston; George, h. 21 Nov. 1854, d. 25 Nov. 1854. Ciiaulks C. the f. was for some years a farmer, and afterwards a merchant, havin<^ a store on the Common, but lony; ago retired from active business. He was a selectman eleven years, between 1837 and 18G8. 19. Okix, s. of Samuel (14), m. Naomi Clark 25 Feb. 182!). I have seen no record of the birth of his children; but he had Andrew W., h. 1832, d. 6 July 1858, a. 26. Addisox, b. 1835, m. Delphia M., dau. of Erastus W. Paige, pub. 24 Aug. 1858, and d. 23 Sep. 1859, a. 24; Marion A., b. 1845, m. William H. Tucker 6 June 1877; and perhaps others. OuiN the f. res. in Barre, and d. 13 Sep. 1867, a. nearly G5; his w. Naomi d. 17 Mar. 1869, a. 60. Though resident in Barre, Mr. Spooner and his wife, with their two sons, seem to have been buried here, and their names are inscribed on a monument in the new cemetery. 20. Harmon C, s. of Bradford (10), m. Harriet E., dau. of James Brown- ing, 14 Nov. 1855; she d. 11 July ISGO, a. 25. and he m. Harriet E., dau. of William A. Warner, 16 Jan. 1862. His chil. were James Bradford, b- 3 Feb. 1857, d. 22 Feb. 1857; William Bradford, h. 8 June 1863; Roheii Bil- lings, b. 9 July 1868. Haumox C. the f., a cabinet-maker, was in business several years on the Common, and afterwards at Gilbertville ; about 1878 he rem. to Warren. 21. .Aldex Bradford, s. of Bradford (16), m. Sarah A., dau. of Phin- ehas ]Morton, 26 Jan. 1858 ; she d. 2 (or 3) Dec. 1864, a. 29, and he m. Julia A., dau. of Capt. Pliny Alden, 7 Jan. 1873. He had Stephen Henry, b. 31 Mar. 1860. Alden B. the f., a farmer, res. on or near the home- stead. Joshua, of Brk., m. Bathsheba Ruggles, pub. 8 Jan. 1766; was murdered at Brk. 1 Mar. 1778. Joel, of Northfield, m. Lydia Trow 24 Dec. 1797. Alma, m. Daniel Hale, pub. 9 Feb. 1806. Charles, of Pet., m. Betsey Powers 4 June 1818. Amaziah, of Amh., m. Clarissa Alden 27 Ap. 1825. Mary, of Barre, m. Benjamin F. Richmond, pub. 11 Nov. 1837. Mercy J., m. Abiel B. Staples of Taunton 20 Ap. 1842. Benjamin A., M. D., of Southbridge, m. Mary A. Johnson, pub. 9 Feb. 1845; she d. 17 Dec. I860, a. 34. William J., m. Johanna Sweeney 19 Nov. 1868. P>unice, widow of Philip Spooner and sister of Capt. Israel Trow, d. 30 May 1830, a. 86. Lydia, d. 15 Oct. 1841, a. 78. Sprout, Nathaniel, ni. , and hadJames, b. 23 Jan. 1749; Nathaniel, b. about 1751 ; Robert, b. about 1754; besides these he was prob. father of Ehenezer, b. about 1757; Samuel, b. about 1760; Nathan, b. about 1763. Nathaniel the f. sold land in the northeast part of the town to Walter Hastings 8 Sep. 1750, and bought fifty acres 6 Dec. 1756, near Southworth's (formerly Wardwell's) mills. He was a farmer, and a soldier in the French War, 1755 and 1759. 2. Jame^s, s. of Nathaniel (1), m. , and had Roxana, b. 1785, m. John Barlow, pub. 12 June 1808, and d. 20 July 1876, a. 90 years and 10 months; he was prob. father also of Abiel, b. , who m. Jonas Barnes 20 Mar. 1791; and Rachel, b. , m. James McKoon 24 Feb. 1801 (both older than Roxana). James the f. d.5 .\p. 1825; liis w. d. 15 Feb. 1825. 3. Nathaniel, s. of Nathaniel (1), m. Azubah Ctunmings 28 Dec. 1775. No record found of children, nor anything further concerning him, except that he was a soldier in the Revolutionary ^Var. 4. Robert, s.of Nathaniel (1), ni. Betsey Lincoln 17 Sep. 1781, and had Charles, h. — Dec. 1782, d. 1 Oct. 1789, a. 6 years and nearly 10 months; prob. Robert, h. 1794, d. at N. Sal. 25 Feb. 1845, a. 50 years and 11 months. 5. Ebenezer, prob. s. of Nathaniel (1), m. Mary Thayer of Pet. 11 Dec. 1783 ; she d. 1 Nov. 1789, a. 33, and he m. Miriam Barnes 3 June 1790; she d. at Or. 29 Feb. 1852, a. 85 years and 6 months. No record found of chil- dren. 6. Nathan, prob. s. of Nathaniel (1), m. Lucinda Dana of Amh., pub. 10 Mar. 1795, and had Lucinda, b. 29 Dec. 1795 ; Clarinda, b. 28 Jan. 1798, d. 506 SPROUT — STEPHENS. unm. at Chicopee 23 Jan. 1862; Amariah, h. 23 Feb. 1800; Joseph, b. 18 Aucr. ; Melinda, b. — Feb. 1807. Mercy, m. David Intrrahain of Amb. 1786. Polly, of Gr., ni. Jo- seph Cmnmings, pub. 19 Sep. 1812. EziiA, of Gr., m. Dency Newhmd 3 Dec. 1818. Polly, m. Samuel Johnson, pub. 15 May 1825. Abigail, m. Ezra Johnson of Prescott, pub. 6 Nov. 1830, Cynthia, d. 18 Nov. 1802, a. 7. Neg- lect in recording the birth of children prevents a more specific account of the Sprout family. Squires, Ephraim, m. Rebecca Kimball of Enfield, pub. 13 Aug. 1827. Staples, Mary, of Prescott, m. Giles Warner, pub. 12 Ap. 1824. Eben- EZER P., of Taunton, m. Luthera G. Dexter 26 Ap. 1841; and (2(1) Mary A. Peck 11 Nov. 1845. Abiel B., m. Mercy J. Spooner 20 Ap. 1842. Stearns, Daniel, died before 23 Aug. 1758, when some of his estate in the hands of his administrator, Stejdien Stearns of Cambridge, was used for the payment of a debt to John Fassett. No record found of family. 2. Asa, m. Elizabeth , and had Sa7nuel,h. ; Ariernas,h. ; Al- fred, b. 1790, grad. W. C. 1812, said to have d. in 1834, a. 44; Polhj, b, , d. 8 May 1791, a. 1 year and 2 months. Asa the f. res. on the road to Barre, about a mile and a half from the Common, at the place marked " S. Newton " on the R. JNInp, and d. 27 Jan. 1795, a. nearly 40; his w. Elizabeth ni. Nathaniel Woods 17 Nov. 1795, and quitclaimed her interest in the real es- tate toiler sons Samuel and Artemas, who, having rem. to Mendon, N. Y., sold the same to Silas Newton 21 Ap. 1819. Fevhups Alice, Eliza, and Harriet, named below, may have been of the same family. Bexjamin, of Rut., m. Mrs. Mary Warren 12 Nov. 1753. Mehetabel, of Wore, m. Isaac Rice 1 Dec. 1768. Abigail, m. Thomas Wheat, pub. 17 Jan. 1770. John P., ofN. Br., m. Susanna GrilHn, pub. 26 July 1774. Patience, of Wore, m. Isaac Clark, Jr., 6 Jan. 1774. Hannah, ra. Jesse Kenney 11 Aug. 1776. Alice, m. Perley Williams of Hubbardston, pub. 28 Mar. 1808, and d. there 12 Sep. 1847, a. 57. Eliza, m. John Browning of Hubbardston 5 Nov. 1810. Harriet, m. Amherst Hastings of Pet. 29 Dec. 1811. Abi- gail, wife of Isaac, of Monkton, Vt., d. 22 June 1809, a. 22. Stebbins, Ben.jamin, m. Mercy Aiken 24 Sep. 1772, and rem. to Barnard, Vt., before 1782. John B., m. Martha L. Monroe 11 Ap. 1877, Stedman, Harriet, m. Elijah C. Newton 16 Nov. 1848. Hannah, m. George S. Titus of Ware 1 May 1858. Lemuel, d. 7 June 1874, a. 81 (b. at Sturbridge). Steel, Samuel, m. Margaret , and had David, bap. 13 Nov. 1745; lliomas, bap. 13 Nov. 1745; William, bap. 7 Oct. 1750; Aaron, bap. 6 Feb. 1753. Samuel the f. seems to have res. east of the River, now New Brain- tree. Stephens, Jacob (otherwise written Stevens), m. Abigail — — , and had Sarah, b. 23 Ap. 1741 ; Tabiiha, h. 10 Aug. 1743; Christopher,]). 15 Feb. 1745- 6; Lucy, bap. 21 Aug. 1748; Jacob, bap. 12 May 1751. 2. Thomas, m. P]lizabeth Perkins of Brk., pub. 15 Jan. 1 748-9, and had Mary, b. 3 Oct. 1749; Nehemiah, b. 5 JNIar. 1752; Thomas, b. 27 Mar. 1754; Eliza- beth, b. 20 Nov. 1756. Thomas the f. sold 84 acres in the west part of the town to Ephraim Cleveland 27 Mar. 1761 ; after which I find no trace of him. 3. Daniel, m. Rebecca, dau. of Moses Whipple, pub. 14 Ap. 1811, and had Lewis, b. 11 May 1813, d. 14 Feb. 1850; Cijrus Washburn,h. 15 Oct. 1815, m. Lucy Richardson of Dana 31 Dec. 1837, and d. there 1 Nov. 1866 ; Joseph Whipple, b. 18 Oct. 1817; Almon Giffin, b. 28 July 1824, m. Malvina Roberts, pub. — Ap. 1852. Daniel the f. d. 9 May 1864, a. 75 ; his w. Rebecca d. at Dana, 7 Dec, 1873, a, 83, 4. Jacob, m, Hannah Thayer, pub, 8 Nov, 1796, and had Mary, b. 1797, d. 6 Aug. 1819, a. 22 ; Sarah Ann, h. 1814, m. Charles N. Gibbs of Prescott, 1 Dec. 1836, and d. there 5 Ap. 1852, a. 38. Jacob the f. d. 16 Ap. 1833, a. 62; his w. Hannah d. 17 May 1830, a. 57. 5. Joseph Whipple, s. of Daniel (3), m. Elizabeth C.Richardson 23 Mar. 1843, and had a son b. 12 Nov. 1843, and d. the next day; Albert Augustine, STEPHENS — STEWART. 507 b. 31 Dee. 1850; Elizabeth AdeUa, b. 23 Fi-b. 1853, d. 27 June 1856 ; FMza Jane, b. 11 May 1856, ni. William II. Gillin, 29 June 1875. Joseph AV. the f. d. 22 Sep. 1861; bis w. Elizabeth C. m. Philip Johnson 21 Au;;. 1,S62. Anna, of Marlboi'onnjli, ni. James Woods, pub. 5 Oct. 1747. Maky, ni. William Thayer 28 Nov. 1793. Robert, in. Abi<:jail Davis 9 Oct. 1794. Dolly, of Pet., m. Wilder Barnes 20 Nov. 1794. Thomas, m. Abij^ail Hale of Dana, pub. 18 Nov. 1815. Debohaii, m. Seth Wbi|)ple, pub. 22 Mar. 1819. Hannah, m. Caleb Thayer, pub. 16 INIar. 1823. Levi, ni. Mrs. Thankful Dexter 18 Oct. 1830. Maiiy G., of N. Sal., m. Luther Cole, pub. 9 Mar. 1846. Hattie R., m. Charles W. Thayer 12 Oct. 1871. Puudence, w. of Thomas, d. 20 Oct. 1814, a. 68. Thomas, d. 15 June 1819, a. 72. Polly, d. unm. 6 Aug. 1819, a. 22. Widow Dolly, d. 25 June 1840, a. 66. ]\Iauy E., d. 29 Sep. 1875, a. 1 year. Stetson, Robert, of Scituate, historically known as " Cornet Robert," was a. noted man in his day, and d. 1 Feb. 1702-3, a. 91. He liad nine chil- dren, of whom the eldest was Joseph, h. 1639, as is stated in Deane's Hist, of Scituate, and Barry's Genealoc/i/ of the Stetson Familij. 2. Joseph, s. of Robert (1), re«. in Scituate, and had eight children, of whom the second was Robert, b. 9 Dec. 16 70. 3. Robert, s. of Joseph (2), res. in Scituate, m. Mary CoUamore, and had eight children, of whom the eldest was Anthony, b. 12 Sep. 1693. 4. Anthony, s. of Robert (3), res. in Scituate, m. Anna Smith 28 Mar. 1717, and had Mary, h. 9 Dec. 1717; Isaac, h. 19 Oct. 1719; Joseph, b. 24 Feb. 1722 ; Anna, h. 2 June 1724; Charles, b. 17 Oct. 1726 ; Ezra, b. 22 Sep. 1729; Elisha, h. 28 Jan. 1731 ; Thomas, h. 22 Ap. 1734; Ben/amin,h. 7 July 1736 ; Abiel, h. 23 Oct. 1738, settled in Chesterfield, and m. Ruth Bonney of Hk. 24 Feb. 1767 ; Martha, b. 18 Aug. 1741. 5. Ezra, s. of Anthony (4), " m. Sarah Rider, and moved to Hardwick " (Stetson Fam.). His chil. were Anthony, k. , settled in Wilmington, Vt. ; Benjamin, b. • , m. Mercy Johnson of Hk., and settled at Sangersfield, N. Y. ; Ezra, b. , settled in Springfield, N. Y. ; Sarah, b. . m. Ephraim Thaver of Hk. 29 Ap. 17 79 ; Hannah, b. , m. Solomon Hinds, Jr., of Gr. 2' Oct. 1791; 3Iary, b. , m. Benjamin Thayer of Hk. 22 Sep. 1793; Anna, b. , m. Thaddeus Russell of Dana 2 June 1803. Ezra the f. d. in JNIay 1805, a. 75; he had previously m., for second wife, Susanna Gibbs of Gr., pub. 6 Ap. 1786. The Hardwick Records do not mention the birth of his children, but do mention their marriage, and his own second marriage and death. In the genealogy of the Stetson Faintly, the dau. Hannah is said to have m. William White of Fairhaven, and Anna is said to have ni. Theodosius Russell of Greenwich, N. Y., but I follow the Hardwick Records. 6. Robert, supposed to have been of the same family, but his lineage not ascertained, by wife , had Robert, h. 29 June 1772; Susanna, b. 19 Dec. 1774, m. Joshua Bascom of Western (Warren), pub. 14 July 1793; Reuben, h. 23 Mar. 1775; Betsey, b. 29 Dec. 1776, m. Asa Blackmore of Pittsford, Vt., 27 Nov. 1800; Thomas, b. 3 Feb. 1779; Elijah, b. 15 June 1781; Sally Smith, b. 17 Feb. 1784, m. Silsbee Wetherell of Wore. 29 Nov. 1810. Rob- ert the f. d. 18 Jan. 1814, a. 73. 7. Daniel, perhaps brother of the foregoing, by wife , had Susanna, bap. 10 Ap. 1774; Lucy, bap. 7 May 1775; Henry, bap. 25 July 1779. 8. Elij.\h, s. of Robert (6), m. Dulcinea, dau. of Elijah Carpenter, 17 Ap. 1808, and had Lydia Rich, b. 22 Dec. 1812, d. 19 July 1816. Rachel, m. Andrew Sears of (Jr. 1787. Lydia, m. Ze[)haniah Hack of Gr. 4 Mar. 1790. Sarah, m. Samuel Haskins, pub. 16 Nov. 1806. Stewart, Daniel (otherwise written Steward and Stuart), by w. Pru- dence, had Ellcanah, b. 12 Aug. 1737; Samuel, b. 12 Oct. 1739, a member of Capt. Samuel Robinson's company in the French War, and d. in the campaign of 1756;! Hannah, b. 20 June 174 7, m. William Sherman of Rochester 11 1 Seth Stewart (or Stuart), b. in Roch- and lost his life in the same campaign, at ester, was a member of the same company, the early age of 20 years. 508 STEWART — STONE. Sep. 1766. Daxiel the f. prob. came here from Rochester, and perhaps rem. to Barnard with his son Elkanali. 2, Elkaxah, s. of Daniel (1), m. Lydia, prob. dau. of Elisha Cobb, 7 Sep. 1761, and had PriscUIa, b. 3 May 1762, m. Fitch Button 5 Sep. 1782; Sam- vel, h. 2 Dec. 1763, m. Sarah, dau. of Capt. Daniel Ei^ery, 22 Oct. 1789 (he then res. in Barnard, where he had Polly, b. 14 Mar. 1790) ; Prutlence, b. 1 1 Ap. 1765, m. Timothy Banister 5 Sep. 1782; Lydia, h. 19 Sep. 1767, m. Asa Paige 19 Feb. 1789; John, b. 19 July 1769; Moses, b. 19 Ap. 1771. Elka- NAH the f. served in the French War 1755, and rem. to Barnard, Vt., as early as 1779, where his three daughters were married. He is said to have d. of hydrophobia, being bitten by a mad wolf. Susanna, m. Ithamar Reed of Pet. 16 Jan. 1749-50. Peace, m. Samuel Atwood 30 Ap. 1753. Daniel, perhaps the same as Daniel (1), m. Eunice Allen 5 Sep. 1768. Stockwell, Cyrus, resided here a short time only, but he left his mark. In May 1818, he established a line of mail stages from Worcester to North- ampton, the first which ever passed through Hardwick, and maintained it successfully for several years. He also kept a tavern in 1822 and 1823, soon after which he removed to Worcester, where he long ])ursued the same busi- ness. During his residence here, his son Stephen N. was born, 31 Aug. 1823, who became eminent as a manager of the Boston. Journal. In an obituar\' ])ub- lished in that paper, it is stated that " his journalistic career covers a term of nearly forty years, and with the exception of brief periods of rest, he has labored with great zeal in the field which he had chosen. From compositor in his youth to the editorial chair, he has filled nearly every intermediate position with rare ability and unsurpassed fidelity." Fie was also a member of the Common Council of Boston and a representative and senator in the General Court. He died in Roxbury 13 April 1881, aged 57. 2. Simon, by wife Sophia, had Sumner, b. 30 Dec. 1847; Emma Jane, b. 8 June 1858; Ida Josephine, b. 26 July 1863, d. 22 .June 1879. Mercy, of Prescott, m. Granger Peirce, pub. 18 Jan. 1832. Stone, Joseph, s. of Joseph, and b. in Shrewsbury 12 Nov. 1789, m. Patty Maynard of Shrewsburj-, pub. 11 Mar. 1816, and had Harriet, b, 22 Jan. 1817, m. John Paige 23 Oct. 1845; Manj Field, b. 24 Sep. 1819, d. unm. 29 Sep. 1838; Joseph, b. 29 Sep. 1821, d. 2 Mar. 1822; Martha, b. 29 June 1823, m. Charles Mandell 3 Mar. 1846; Lucretia, b. 15 Mar. 1825; Louisa, b. 16 Ap. 1827, m. Charles P. Aiken 27 Sep. 1846. Joseph the f. was a skilful and beloved physician. He came here in the spring of 1814, immediately after the death of Dr. Beckwith, and for thirty-five years minis- tered relief to suffering humanity. After his marriage he resided on the Barre road, about half a mile from the Conmion, at the place marked '• Dr. Stone " on the R. Map. His fellow citizens manifested their confidence in him by electing him to various offices of trust and honor; he was deacon of the Union Church; selectman seven years; town clerk twenty years, from 1829 to 1848 inclusive; member of the school committee eight years; dele- gate to the Constitutional Convention in 1820; rei)resentative in 182.S; and senator in 1845 and 1846. He d. greatly lamented, 27 June 1849, a. 59. 2. Charles, m. Mary , and had Ma7-y E.,h. 1841, d. 13 Oct. 1856, a. 15; Sylvanus A., h. 6 Mar. 1844, d. 8 Aug. 1846; Williain A., b. — Aug. 1847, d. 9 May 1854; Sarah Louisa, b. 25 Oct. 1853; John Franklin, b. 18 Sep. 1857. 3. Samuel, m. Elizabeth , and had a son, b. 20 Ap. 1844. 4. John A., m. Roxana M. , and had Frank Eugene, h. 2 Jan. 1855; Dwight Warner, b. 25 Feb. 1857, d. 29 ^Mar. 1857; Dwight, b. 19 Jan. 1858, d. 10 Feb. 1858; William Forest, b. 16 Jan. 1859 ; Netlie Maria, b. 29 July 1861. 5. Charles E., m. Lydia , and had Charles Albert, b. 9 Jan. 1858. 6. Henky H., m. Mrs. Huldah B. Bliss 2 June 1870, and had Jennie Maria, b. 4 July 1871 ; Emory Mitchell and Emerson Almon, twins, b. 13 Oct. 1873; Martha" Elizabeth, b. 26 Mar. 1876. STONE — STURTEVANT. 509 John, m. Susanna Mandell 12 May 1768 (she d. at Dana 28 July 1844, a. nearly 95). Huldaii, of Southboroiiuli, m. Azariah Banjos, pub. 2 Mar. 1769. John, Jr., of (ir., ni. Betsey Bryant, pub. 10 Se[). 1798. Susanna, of Dana, m. Thomas Haskins, pub. 25 l\Iar. 1818. John, m. Harriet Wel- nian of Barre, pub. 27 Ap. 1818. Dr. William, of Enf., ni. Mvs. Hannah Jenney 23 Nov. 1819. Houack, m. Abitiail Grant 14 Ap. 1822. Hoska, ni. Perna Kin<4 18 June 1824. Eliza, ni. Moses Barnes 28 .May 1826. Rev. Gkorgk, of Sandgate, Vt., m. Eluthera F. Lawton 10 July 1831. Fidelia, of Pet., m. Calvin Sanfonl, pul). 4 Sep. 1841. Rev. William B., of W. Brk., m. Pliebe W. Robinson 16 Feb. 1842. Mercy Ann, in. Augustus Conkey of JNIt. Morris, N. Y., 10 Mar. 1846. Hosea E., ni. Fanny llieh- ardson, pub. 17 Oct. 184 7. Clara B., m. John V. Presho 3 Ap. 1850. Sa- MANTHA M., HI. William P. Granger 28 Oct. 1852. Ellen, of Dana, m. Elbridge Towne, pub. 24 Oct. 1857. Clark, of Enf., m. Mrs. Hannah Danforth 30 Sep. 1858. Mary, m. Joseph Topp, pub. 30 July 1863. Caro- line, ni. Joseph St. John 10 Jan. 1869. Edgar F., m. Philena Robinson, of Barre, 29 Jan. 1873. Stowell, Isaac, m. Nabby , and had Salli/, b. 9 Jan. 1783; Jotham, b. 15 May 1785; Nabin/, b. 7 Feb. 1788. Abel, of Pet., m. Rachel Freeman, 5 July 1792. Charles, m. Ruth Bur- den of Charlton, pub. 11 Oct. 1829. Avery AV., m. Caroline S. Ingraham of Audi., pub. 14 Oct. 1845. Stratton, Ichabod, a cooper, res. in Brk. 12 Feb. 1731-2. He subse- quently removed to Hk. with his wife Elizabeth, who became a member of the church 13 Nov. 1737. The date of his admis.-ion does not appear; but he was manifestly a member, because he was called to account, 14 Nov. 1753, for ab- senting hiujself " from the sacrament of the Lord's Supper," but afterwards made his peace with the church. He d. 31 Oct. 1762; his wife Elizabeth d. 8 Nov. 1761. No record is found of their chil., who were prob. born in Brk.; but they are su})posed to have been parents of Fraiicis, Ichabod, and Elizdbefh, who had a son, Judah, b. 18 July 1749, bap. 29 Ap. 1750, and who m. Thomas Elwell, pub. 25 Ap. 1762. 2. Francis, prob. s, of Tchabod (1), m. Eunice Corlie (or Kerley) 29 Ap. 1740, and had Surah, h. 4 Feb. 1741; Martlia, bap. 19 June 1743; Eunice, b. 18 Aug. 1744. 3. Ichabod, prob. s. of Tchabod (1), m. Abigail Chui-ch of Hadley 14 Oct. 1743; she d. 9 Ap. 1755, and he m. Hannah Goodnow 1 July 1755. His chil. were Asa, b. 15 July 1744 (called David in baptismal record 22 July 1744); Elihu, b. 25 Feb. 1745-6; John, b. 20 Ap. 1748; Mary, b. 2 Feb. 1749-50; Jonathan, h. 6 Ap. 1756; AbigaU, b. 9 Ap. "l757; Joel, b. 16 Oct. 1758. Betty, Avidow of Jonathan Stratton of Marlborough, m. Elisha Hedge, pub. 4 Nov. 1765. She ret. to JNlarl., where she died; her son, Jonathan Stratton, was appointed administrator 11 Mar. 1794. Sturtevant, James, b. in Duxbury, by w. Sybil, had Si/hil, b. . m. James Whipple, Jr., pub. 20 Feb. 1808 ; /i.^a, b. in N. Bi-. about 1792; Marcia, b. 1796, was pub. to Lyman Thomas 19 June 1815, and m. to Adin A. Thompson 16 Dec. 1828; she d. in Phillipston 22 Feb. 1879, a. nearly 83; James, b. ; Houiand, b. in Ware about 1810; Olive, b. , living in 1852. James the f. d. here 30 Sep. 1829, a. 67; his w. Sybil d. 10 Mar. 1852, a. nearly 88. 2. Asa, s. of James (1), m. Ruth Baker 1 May 1815, and had a child b. — Aj). 1819, d. 12 May 1819; Seneca P., b. about 1820; ^' li , b. about 1.S22, d. at Ware 18* Aug. 1862, a. 40; a child, b. , d. — June 1826; James W., b. ; Thomas li., b. ; G'eort/e Edwin, b. — Feb. 1834, d. 23 Jan. 1S35; Asa Grafton, b. about 1835, a soldier in the War of the Rebellion, d. at New York 28 Oct. 1862, a. 27; his head-stone is in the new cemetery. Asa is supposed to liave been father also of Prolexena, who m. Lorenzo Newland 22 Aj). 1835; Sybil P., who m. Elbridge C. Howard of Monson, pub. 23 May 1846 ; and perhaps Cordelia A., of Gr., who m. Joseph P. Snow, pub. 29 Nov. 1851. Asa the f. d. 3 Feb. 1867, a. 74 years and 8 months; his w. Ruth d. 29 Jan. 1871, a. 78. 510 STURTEVANT — SUMNER. 3. James, s. of James (1), ni. , and had Seneca, b. ; Jnines IL, b. ; Charlex O., b. ; Julia, b. 182G, d. 10 Deo. 1829, a. 3. 4. HowLAND, s. of James (1), m. Mehetabel , and had Erelyn, h. about 1834, m. Alpheus S. Nye of Dana 2 Ap. 1854; Thaddeus, b. about 1840, d. at Dana 18 Oct. 1869, a. 29; a child b. 31 July 1843, d. 15 Aug. 1843. How- land the f. was a painter, and d. 21 Sep. 1843, a. 33. 5. Seneca P., s. of Asa (2), ni. Sarah , and had James William, b. 4 July 1848, d. 9 Jan. 1874; Asa, b. 24 Feb. 1850, d. 23 Sep. 1853; a son b. 21 Dec. 1851; Ellen Louisa, b. 4 Ap. 1854. Seneca P. the f. d. 11 Jan. 1855, a. 34 years and 9 months. 6. James W., s. of Asa (2), m. Angeline C. Cumniings 27 Nov. 1850, and had Fred, b. 29 Ap. 1854 ; Grace, b. 6 Feb. 18C9, d. 12 Sep. 1869. James W. the f., a wheelwright, res. on the road to Enfield, nearly three miles from the Common. 7. Thomas R., s. of Asa (2), m. Frances E. Hazard of New Bedford, pub. 1852, and had jSIary Lilli/, h. 1 Ap. 1858. 8. Seneca, s. of Jiunes (3), m. Mary C , and had Albert S., h. about =- 1843, m. Sophia M. Patrill 14 Aug. 1866; she d. 10 Mar. 1877, a. nearly 39, and he m. Susan R. Richardson 4 Dec. 1877, and had George E., b. 25 Jan. 1881; Mary D., b. about 1845, m. Charles Newton 14 Mar. 1861; Sarah Hid- dah,h. 15 Sep. 1846 (called Hulduh H. in the record of her marriage), m. Elmer L. Barnes 8 Jan. 1864; Charles Henry, b. 9 July 1848, m. Lauretta Hunter of Presc, pub. 24 Dec. 1868; Abbi/ Eudora, b. 7 June 1850, m. Alanson S. Bas- sett 13 Oct. 1874; Flora Maria, b. 23 JNIar. 1852, d. 23 July 1854; Flora Maria, b. 3 Aug. 1854; Lendall Dwight, b. 3 May 1857, drowned 3 Aug. 1870; Emma Angeline, b. 30 Oct. 1861, d. 20 Dec. 1861; Cora Emma, b. 28 Oct. 1865. 9. James H., s. of James (3), m. Maria A. Whipple, pub. 1 July 1853, and had Cyrus Eston, b. 11 Jan. 1854; Eunice Celestia, b. 12 July 1856, m. William AV. Johnson 18 Aug. 1880; Joel Rupert, h. 30 May 1861, d. 17 Oct. 1865; Sarah Maria, b. 5 June 1865. James H. the f., a farmer, res. in the westerly part of the town. 10. Charles O., s. of James (3), m. Mary Jane , and had Leon How- ard, b. 5 Ap. 1867; Amy Florence, b. 15 July 1876; Edgar Leroy, b. 4 Nov. 1880. Sullivan, Patrick, by w. Bridget, had /o/^n, b. 28 July 1864; Bridget, b. 20 July 1866. 2. Eugene, m. Mary Sullivan, pub. 13 Sep. 1868, and had Daniel, b. 24 Nov. 1870. 3. IMiCHAEL, by w. Mary, had il/or?/ Ellen, b. 15 Mar. 1870; John, b. 18 Nov. 1871 ; Cornelius, b. 10 Mar. 1874; Dennis, b. 5 Nov. 1875; Francis, b. 2 Oct. 1877; William, b. 28 Sep. 1879. Sumner, William, s. of Roger, b. at Bicester, Eng., in 1605, came to New Eng. in 1636, and settled at Dorchester, where he d. 9 Dec. 1688. He m. Mary West 22 Oct. 1625, and had six chil., of whom the fourth was George, b. 1634. 2. George, s. of William (1), was lieutenant, deacon, and representative. He res. at Milton, where he d. 11 Dec. 1715. He m. Mary Blake of North- ampton, and had eight chil., of whom the sixth was Edward, b. 29 Aug. 1676. 3. Edward, s. of George (2), res. at Roxbury, and died there in 1763. He was one of the early proprietors of Hardwick. He m. Elizabeth Clapp 25 Sep. 1701, and had eleven chil., of whom the youngest was Benjamin, b. 29 Dec. 1724. 4. Benjamin, s. of Edward (3), res. at Ashford, Conn., was captain, repre- sentative, and deacon, and d. 4 Jan. 1803. He m. Bridget Perry 3 Oct. 1748, and had thirteen chil., of whom the eldest was James Fitch, b. 29 July 1749. 5. James Fitch, s. of Benjamin (and cousin german to (governor Increase Sumner), m. Ada Bullard of Dedham 30 Sep. 1773 and had Sarah, b. 19 Oct. 1774, m. David Keyes of Eastford 30 Jan. 1793; Drusilla, b. 13 Ap. 1777, SUMNER — TAYLOR. 511 m. Murray Brown of Hk., and d. 9 Aug. 1837; William, b. 13 Aup;. 1779, d. here 7 Jan. 1837 ; Syhil, b. '29 i\Iay 1782, ni. Asa Raymond IG Oct. 1803; Eliza- beth, twin, b. 6 June 1785, d. 22 May 1789; il/«V//, twin, b. G June 178.5, d. unm. 25 Sep. 1809; Benjamin, b. 17 Feb. 1788; Irena, b. 15 Ap. 1793, ni. Thompson Howard 25 July 181G, and d. 15 Mar. 1872; Lucij, b. 22 Feb. 1797, d. 13 Sep. 1803. James Fitch the f. res. at Ashford, Conn., until 1801, when he came here and res. in the westerly part of the town. He was styled cap- tain, and was " killed by a fall," 25 June 1803. 6. Benjamix, s. of James Fitch (5), m. Mary Osborn of Ware 10 Oct. 181G, and had James Fitch, b. 4 Sep. 1817; Georqe, b. 30 July 1819; Elizabeth Clark, b. 16 Aug. 1822, d. 8 Sep. 1822; haiuh Clark, b. 16 Oct. 1823; Sarah Brou-n, b. 14 May 1826, m. Converse, and d. 10 Ap. 1845; William Ben- jamin, b. 21 Jan. 1833, d. 27 July 1845. Benjamin the f. d. at Ware 21 Sep. 1855; his w. Mary d. here 29 Aug. 1850. 7. James Fitch, s. of Benjamin (G), m. Martha Ann Converse of Ware 1843, and had Martha Lucinda, b. 3 Jan. 1844. 8. George, s. of Benjamin (6), m. Melina A., dau. of Jason Thayer of Andierst, 2 Oct. 1845, and had George William, b. 9 Nov. 1846, d. 17* Aug. 1849; Virejil Maro, b. 9 June 1849, d. 16 Aug. 1849. George the f. d. fe May 1850; his w. Melina A. m. William Cummings of Ware 27 May 1856. 9. Isaiah Clakk, s. of Benjamin (6), m. Louisa Turner of Pelhani 3 Feb. 1846, and had Benjamin Clark, b. 30 Jan. 1849; Mary Louisa, b. 21 Nov. 1850, m. Walter Peirce 12 Ap. 1871; Samuel Ambrose, b. 12 Nov. 1853; Charles Wi/man, b. 20 Aug. 1856; Elizabeth Abigail, h. 7 Oct. 1859, m. Albert Marsh 7 Oct. 1876. Isaiah Clark the f. d. at Ware 3 June 1882. 10. Benjamin Clark, s. of Isaiah Clark (9), m. Louisa Haskins 21 Sep. 1870, and had George, b. 31 Aug. 18 71. J\Lany particulars concerning this family are gathered from the Sumner Genealogy. Swasey, Betsey, m. John Coloney 3 Aug. 1788. Swift, Nathan, of Rut. Dist. (Barre), m. Mary Willis 8 Sc]). 1774. Orville, of Wilmington, Vt., ni. Hannah Spooner 5 June 1832. Martin J. Jr., of Bridgewater, m. Louisa S. Ames 11 Dec. 1845. Mary A., of Bridgewater, m. Harrison F. Barnes 12 June 1861. Taylor, Jonathan, by w. , had Stephen, bap. 25 Ap. 1762; Rtbecca, bap. 23 Sep. 1764; Daciil, bap. 26 July 1767. 2. Seth, m. Mehetabel •, and had Mehetabel, b. about 1772, m. Seth Si)Ooner 19 Feb. 1795, and d. 12 ]\Iay 1812, a. 40; Sylvanus, b. about 1774; Seth, b. about 1776, m. Rhoda Granger of N. Br., pub. 5 Feb. 1804, and d. 7 June 1811, a. 35. leaving an only dau. Harriet; Betsey, b. 1778, m. Mar- tin Rogers 30 Nov. 1797, and d. 14 Nov. 1853, a. 75 vears and 10 months; Enos, b. about 1780, m. Mary Taylor, 22 Nov. 1801, and d. 13 Nov. 1822, a. 42 ; Nathan, b. about 1782; Olive, b. prob. about 1784, m. Ammi Taylor of Fairlee, Vt., 14 Sep. 1800; Rhoda, b. about 1789, d. unm. 20 Nov. 1811, a. 22. No record is found of the birth of these children; the dates are estimated by comparison with the dates of marriages and deaths. Seth the f. was styled captain ; he d. suddenly at Boston, where he was transacting some busi- ness, 5 or 7 July 1811, a. GG; his w. Mehetabel d. 22 July 1832, a. 91. 3. Sylvanus, s. of Seth (2), m. Eunice Bridges 19 Nov. 1801; she d. 24 Jan. 1819, a. 50, and he m. Anna Dewin of Brk., pub. 30 Jan. 1820. His chil. were Mary Mixter, b. 8 June 1804, m. Hiram Gorham 26 Nov. 1829; Lyman, b. 1 Nov. 1808. Sylvanus the f. res. near Barre, at the place marked '• S. Taylor" on the R. Maj), and was the proprietor of " Taylor's Mills." He d. 5' Ap. 1849, a. 75; his w. Anna d. 19 June 1841, a. 63. 4. Nathan, s. of Seth (2), m. Susanna Gorham of Barre, pub. 27 Nov, 1806, and had five children, who were all bap. with the mother, 18 May 1820, naniely, Mehetabel, Fanny, Levina. (perhaps the same who m. (Jardner Hatha- way, pub. 25 Aug. 1855); John Gorham, b. about 1812, d. at Springf. 1 Aug. 1866, a. 54; Nathan, b. about 1815, m. Lucy S. Haven of Barre 7 Dec 1853. Nathan the f. d. 11 May 1815, a. 32. 512 TAYLOR — THAYER. 5. Lyman, s. of Sylvanus (3), ni. Adeline M. Howland 28 Nov. 183!), and had Marii A. G., h. 29 Nov. 1844, d. 27 Alio-. l,S4.S; Si/lvanus, b. 25 Mar. 1847; George Howland, b. 5 Aug. 1849; James Barnard, b. 15 Aug. 1850. Bartholomew, soldier in the French War. killed in battle 8 Sep. 1755. Edward, ra. Lydia Haskell 23 Nov. 1775. Susaxna, of Athol, m. Nathaniel Merrick 23 Oct. 1797. Lemuel F., ra. Cassandra U. Dexter 9 Ap. 1835. Leonora, m. Victor Robert, pub. 9 Nov. 186 7. Harriet, dau. of Samuel and Lavinia, d. 16 Oct. 1803, a. 3 years and 9 months. John, formerly of Wrentham, d. 27 Sep. 1811, a 65.i Terry, John, Jr., m. Sarah Ramsdell 26 Sep. 1782, and had prob. John, b. about 1783; Sally, h. 14 Dec. 1786, d. 18 Oct. 1795; prob. Reuel, b. about 1789; m. Dolly Winslovv of Ware, pub. 15 Dec. 1810; Phehe, b. 1791, d. 8 Oct. 1795, a. 4; Sylvanus, b.. 1793, d. 12 Oct. 1795, a. 2 ; prob. Otis, b. about 1795; a child b. — Feb. 1799, d. 31 Oct. 1802; a child b. — May 1801, d. 24 Oct. 1802. Mrs. Sarah Terry d. 8 Aug. 1802, a. 40. 2. John, prob. s. of John (1), m. Ruth Dana 17 May 1804, and had Alvah, h. 11 Ap. 1805 ; Sarah, b. 20 Dec. 1806, m. Oren Ramsdell 8 June 1823 ; Rufh, b. 25 j\Iar. 1809, ra. John P. Marsh of Ware, pub,. 31 Oct. 1840, and d. 30 Nov. 1878; Horace, h. 6 July 1811; Alanson, b. 24 July 1814, d. 7 May 1816 ; Sylvia, b. 25 Aug. 1818 or 1819, m. Festus Alden of Gr. 10 Sep. 1840 ; Phehe, b. 14 Mar. 1824; William A., b. 12 Mar. 1830. (The last two chil. apjiear to have been by second wife, Esther.) 3. Otis, prob. s. of John (1), m. Cynthia Ruggles 6 Mar. 1817, and had Otis Lysander, bap. 24 May 18is. 4. Horace, ra. Eunice A. Rogers, pub. 7 Ap. 1843, and had John, b. 11 Mar. 1844; Eunice R.,h. 4 Jan. 1846; Ruth Elizabeth, b. 17 Nov. 1851, d. 7 Dec. 1853. PiiEiJE, m. David Bassett 11 Dec. 1782. Lydia, ra. Rev. Joshua Crosby of Gr. (now Enfield), 8 P'eb. 1790. Joanxa, a widow, d. 6 Jan. 1814, a. 88. Thayer, Benjamin, b. in Mansfield, m. Polly Stetson 22 Sep. 1793, ijnd had Sojihia, b. about 1794, m. Jeremiah Thurston, and d. at Gr. 7 Jan. 1858, a. 64; Ilelief,h. about 1798, m. Ephraim Amsden, Jr., of Gr. 15 Oct. 1816, and d. at Ware 27 May 1868, a. 70 ; Hannah, b. about 1800, d. unm. at Dana 21 Feb. 1864, a. 63 years and 2 months; Benjamin, b. 1810, d. 11 Sep. 1813, a. 3 years. Benjamin the f. d. 11 Nov.' 1851, a. 86. 2. James, perhaps brother of Benjamin (1), ra. , and had Ira, b. 1794, d. 3 Oct. 1813, a. 19. James the f. d. 7 July 1820, a. 50. A " widow Thayer" d. 31 Aug. 1825; age not stated. 3. Samuel, perhaps brother (or possibly son) of Benjamin (1), m. Fanny Richardson, pub. 27 Jan. 1812, and had James H., b. about 1816 ; Lendall W., b. about 1818, m. Clarissa C. Skinner 7 Sep. 1843, and d. 8 Ap. 1852, a. 34; Ansel W., b. about 1822, m. Bodicea Pike 12 Dec. 1854, and d. 12 Aug. 1856, a. 34. Samuel the f. d. 11 Feb. 1873, a. 85 years and 6 months; his w, Fanny d. 3 Dec. 1869, a. 79. 4. Uel, parentage not ascertained, m. Lydia , and had Aurjusta, h. 2 Mar. 1800; Thomas W., b. 3 Dec. 1803, d. 18 Ap. 1804; Elbridye Gerry, b. 21 Oct. 1805; Nathan Wood, b. 7 Nov. 1808. 5. Hosea, of Dana, m. Syrena Whij^ple, pub. 26 Ap. 1819, and had Joel, b. 1821. 6. Erastus, m. Rubv Whipple 26 May 1830, and had Elmer M., b. 1840; Sarah, b. 7 Dec. 1844, d. 28 Jan. 1845. Erastus the f. d. 16 Mar. 1848, a. 35. 7. Jonas H., s. of Samuel (4), ra. Mary Ann ; she d. 11 Jan. 1865, a. 50, and he m. Clarissa C, widow of his brother Lendall W. Thayer, 4 Nov. 1866. Some of his chil. were (prob.) John Porter, h. about 1837, accidentally killed near Princeton, N. J., in Sep. 1859, a. 22 ; Julia Ann, b. about 1840, m. Constantine Smith 3 July 1856, and (2d) Francis P. Weeks 26 June 1872, and d. 4 May 1874; Scott Leroy, b. about 1847. Jonas H. the f. d. 17 May 1871, a 55. 1 Several members of the Taj'lor family were buried in a private cemetery near the Barre line. THAYER — THOMAS. 513 8. Ezra, m. Julia , and had Zachary Taylor, b. 8 July 1848, d. at Dana 29 Nov. 1864. 9. JoKL, s. of Hosea (5), m. Jane F. Converse 28 Nov. 1849, and had Ida Luella, b. here 29 May 1853, though the father is styled of Dana in the record of marriage. 10. Andrew J., m. Sylvia B. Johnson, pub. 24 Nov. 1855, and had Philip Edwin, h. 12 Mar. 1858; Carrie Civilla, b. 24 Nov. 18C1; Arthur Freeman, b. 6 Mar. 186G. 11. Samukl E., m. Hortensia Norcutt, pub. 22 Nov. 1859, and had LiUie Maria, b. 18 July 18G2; Henry Alannon, h. 30 Jan. 1866; Emily W., b. 12 Mar. 1874; Charles Mitchell, b. 1 July 1875. 12. Elmkr M., s. of Erastus (6), m. INIary I^llen Forbes 10 July 1861, and had Jennie A.,h. 1862, m. James T. Kellogg of Gr. 25 Nov. 1880. 13. Scott Lkroy, s. of Jonas H. (7), m. Balarah Allen 3 Nov. 1867, and had Abbie Florence, b. 26 July 1868; John Porter, b.— Aug. 1870, d. 11 Mar. 1871; Alice G., h. 15 Sep. 1872, d. 14 Oct. 1872; Anna Lura, h. 14 July 1875, d. 10 Sep. 1875. 14. CiiARi.KS W., m. Harriet R. Stephens 12 Oct. 1871, and had Era May, b. 8 Feb. 1872. 15. George W., m. Mary Ann , and had a son b. 4 Dec. 1876. Grixdall and wife came here from Wrenlham in 1769. John, a Revolu-' tionary soldier from 17 78 to 1781, m. Exe (Achsah?) Powers of (ir., pub. 5 Nov. 17!S0. Ei'iiRAiM, was a cor])Oi'al in the army, 1777; and Samuel, was a soldier from 17 78 to 1781, but no further trace of them ap])ears. Ra- chel, m. Henry Butterfield of dr. 20 Nov. 1783. Mary, of Pet., m. Ebenezer Sprout 11 Dec. 1783. Ahigail, m. Silas Richardson 26 Nov. 1789. Sally, m. Moses Whipple 31 Dec. 1789. William, m. ]\Iary Stephens 28 Nov. 1793. Hannah, m. Jacob Stephens, pub. 8 Nov. 1796, and d. 17 May 1830, a. 57. Nancy, m. John Johnson, pub. 10 Nov. 1797. Sally, m. Aaron Johnson of Gr. 4 Oct. 1798. Lina, m. George Marsh of Pet., pub. 9 Ap. 1801. Clarissa, m. John Wild of Butternuts. N. Y., pub. 15 Feb. 1819. John, m. Susan Simmons, pub. 7 Feb. 1820. A5fNis, m. William Kelly, pub. 25 Dec. 1820. Caleb, m. Hannah Stephens, pub. 16 Mar. 1823. Maktiia, m. David Whipple, pub. 26 Jan. 1827. CiViLLA R., ni. Philip Johnson, pub. 20 Mar. 1830. Sally W., m. Solomon G. Towne of Winchendon 13 May 1834. Susan, m. Newell Bacon 31 Dec. 1839. Willfam A., m. Sarah Ann Weaver 9 May 1850. Mary Ann, m. George W. Richardson, pub. 1854. Balarah, dau. of Joel, d. 21 Sep. 1810, a. 17. Melzar, s. of Joel, d. 12 Mar. 1814, a. 19. Tho.vias, William, was one of the very earliest pioneers in the settlement of Harthvick, having a house here as early as 13 Dec. 1732. He res. on the old road from the Furnace Village to (iilbertville, at the place marked " C. Paige " on the R. Map.^ His w. Patience d. 27 Oct, 1746, and he was pub. to Susanna ^larble of Stow 11 Ap. 174 7,^ and d. 22 IMay 174 7, a. prob. about 60. He was a member of the first board of selectmen after the town was incorporated in 1739, and manifestly a man of much energy .^ His chil. who shared in the division of his comparatively large estate, 11 May 1749, were ylmo.s (eldest son); Zerviah, b. 1709, m. Samuel Marsh, and (2d) Isaiah Pratt 2 Mar. 1746-7, and d. 18 Ap. 1798, a. 89; Temperance, b. , m. Ed- mund Jordan; Hannah, b. , m. Isaiah Glazier 8 Nov. 1738; Elizabeth, b. , m. Edmund Grover ; Daniel; Nathan; Aaron, m. Elizabeth Mai'vile of Brk., pub. 27 Jan. 1749-50; Israel, b. 7 Aug. 1735. {Mary, b. 3 Mar. 1731-2, had prob. d. young.) 1 He devoted a spot on his farm to the ^ j once supposed fliis Wiliiani Thomas to burial of tlie dead, whicli was rudely di.s- have been the first .^chool-master in Ilard- turbed in 1S71, when excavations were made wick, 1745; but afterwards found evidence for the Ware River Itailroad. that the school-master was of Marlborough, 2 No record is found of the marriage; and and father of Robert li. Thomas, the " Far- as he lived so short a time after the inten- mer's Almanac " maker. tiou was published, it may be doubted whether it was consummated. 33 614 THOMAS. 2. Amos, s. of William (1), m. Abigail , and had Elizabeth, b. 4 July 1738 ; William, b. 18 Sep. 1739, d. young; Abigail, h. 3 Mar. 1741, m. Sam- uel Beals 31 July 17G7; Olive, b. 1 Dec. 1742, prob. d. joimg; William, b. 6 Aug. 1744; Amos, b. 6 Ap. 1746; Joseph, b. 24 May 1748 ; Daniel, b. 5 May 1750 ; I\lercy, b. 6 Ap. 1752, m. Luke Bonney 5 Nov. 1772; Isaac, b. 13 July 1754, d. 18 Dec. 1755. Amos the f. was a farmer, res. about half a mile south of his father's homestead, at the place marked " Moulton " on the R. Map, and d. 31 July 1754. 3. Nathan, s. of William (1), m. Hepzibah , and had Alary, b. 11 Jan. 1743-4; Nathan, b. 12 Nov. 1745; Patience, b. 31 Jan. 1747-8. 4. William, s. of Amos (2), was a physician, and res. in Brk. ; he m. Abiel Collins 23 Aug. or Sep. 1765, and among his ohil. were Argalas (whose name was changed, in manhood, to Samuel Beats Thomas), a noted keeper of a hotel, opposite to the court-house in Worcester; and Sylvaniis, an innholder in the westerly 2)art of West Brookficld. Dr. William the f. d. in Mar. 1805, a. 60. 5. Amos, s. of Amos (2), m. Eunice Bangs 20 Dec. 17 70, and had Isaac, h. 11 or 13 July 1771, d. 19 Ap. 1842; Nathaniel, b. 13 or 21 Feb. 1773, d. 8 Dec. 1851 ; Avios, h. 24 Oct. 1774, d. 29 July 1853 ; Abigail, h. 13 Mar. 1776, d. 11 Sep. 1862 ; Eunice, b. 11 Feb. 1778, d. 8 Ap. 1852 ; David, b. 24 Oct. 1779, d. — May 1865; Beals, b. 29 June 1781, d. 24 Aug. 1854 ; Azariah, b. 15 Dec. 1782, d. 14 Sep. 1830 ; Neman, b. 21 June 1785, d. 9 or 29 June 1843; Alary, b. 9 Aug. 1786, d. 9 Nov. 1840; Rhoda, b. 29 Dec. 1788, d. 25 July 1789; Rhoda, b. 22 Dec. 1790, d. 21 Oct. 1865 ; Arden, b. 24 Sep. 1793, d. 4 Nov. 1874; Rhoba (Ruby?), b. 7 Aug. 1795, d. 1 Sep. 1814; Alpheus, b. 2 Ap. 1797, living in Athol, 1875. Amos the f. rem. soon after 1774 to N. Sa- lem, where most of his children were born; he d. 29 Ap. 1831, a. 85; his w. Eunice d. 26 June 1830, a. 78. For most of the facts in reganl to this family I am indebted to his grandson. Dr. Jason B. Thomas of Thorndike. 6. Joseph, s. of Amos (2), ni. Mary, dau. of Elisha Billings, 17 Mar. 1774, and had four chiL, the record of whose births is mutilated so that the several years do not appear: Isaac, 1* 20 Dec. , d. 23 Feb. 17 78; Polly, b. 9 Oct. ; Isaac, h. 2 July , prob. m. Cynthia Washburn 27 Nov. 1805; Sabra, b. 29 Aug. . Joseph the f. prob. rem. to Hai-dwick, Vt., and d. 9 Mar. 1841, a. 93; his w. Mary d. 11 Sep. 1819, a. 65. 7. Daxiel, s. of Amos (2), m. Mercy , and had Samuel Beals, b. 2 Feb. 1771; Betty, b. 9 Sep. 1772; Perthinia, b. 31 May 1774, m. Joseph Crow- ell 24 Oct. 1793; Daniel, b. 28 Jan. 1776; he may have been father also of Lucinda, b. , m. Abel Ruggles 8 May 1799; Alercy, h. , m. Isaac Warren 19 Oct. 1800; Abigail,^ about 1781, m. Gershom Cobb 2 May 1811, and (2d) David Blackmer 13 Oct. 1823, and d. 22 Mar. 1832, a. 51. Daxiel the f. became (with his wife) a public charge as early as 1812, and remained so in 1819, and prob. through life; she d. in Sep. 1824, and he d. not many years later. 8. Beals, s. of Amos (5), m. Nancy Bigelow of N. Brk., pub. 16 Jan. 1815; she d. 12 ^lay 1821, a. 29 nearly, and he m. Dolly W., dau. of Capt. Thomas Egery, 11 Ap. 1824; she d. 23 June 1836, a. 33, and he m. Sally W., dau. of Stephen Goriiam, 28 Nov. 1837. His chil. were, an infant, d. 7 July 1816; Jason B., b. 6 Aug. 1817; Nancy B., b. 15 Dec. 1825, m. George J. Newton 8 Feb. 1855, and d. at Gloversville, N. Y., 3 or 4 June 1858; Clara E., h. 21 July 1828, m. Addison A. Hunt 16 Mar. 1852; Edwin E., h. 24 Jan. 1831, d. at Saratoga Springs — Jan. 1868; Sarah J., b. 21 Sep. 1840, m. Franklin Wait 18 Feb. 1862, d. at Greenfield 5 Feb. 1878. Beals the f. was adopted by Maj. Samuel Beals (the husband of his aunt), and res. on his homestead on the easterly road to Gilbertville, but afterwards erected a house on the turn- pike, about a hundred rods northerly from the Common; he was a farmer, and d. 23 or 24 Aug. 1854, a. 73 ; his w. Sally W. d. at Wore. 18 Dec. 1857, a. 54. 9. Daniel, s. of Daniel (7), m. Polly, dau. of Capt. Edward Buggies, 3 Sep. 179<'S, and had Asa R., b. at Penobscot 5 July 1799; Hiram, h. here 24 Nov. 1800, d. 6 Aug. 1803 ;. Elihu H., b. here 30 Oct. 1802. THOMAS — THURSTON. 515 10. Jasox B., s. of Boals (8), m. Pliila, dau. of Capt. Martin JNIandell, 17 Ap. 1850, and had a son b. 30 Aiiti. ISfj'), d. 20 Sep. 1855; a dan. 1). 21 Ap. 1860, d. 14 An. 1811. His chil. were Benjamin, b. 18 Ap. 1763, a soldier in the Revolutionary War, TROW — TUCKER. 517 17 78, settled in Bucklaiul ; Israel, b. 11 May 17G6, m. Hannah Makepeace 28 May 1788, and d. in N. Br., 27 Aug. 180G ; Orln, b. 9 Nov. 1769; LjifUa, b. , ni. Joel Spooner of Nortlifield 24 Dec. 1797 ; Nancji, b. , in. Joseph Bruce 28 Ap. 1799. Israkl the f. was a sergeant in tlie French War 1759, and a captain in the Revolutionary War, for several short campaigns ; he was a member of the Committee of Corres])ondence four years, between 1775 and 1781 ; selectman four years, between 1782 and 1793; assessor six years, 1778- 91 ; treasurer three years, 1773-75; and representative in 1784 and 1785. About 1793 he rem. from Norton to Petersham, and about two years later to Hardwick, where he res. during the remainder of his life, on the turnpike, near the Furnace, at the place marked " E. Trow " on the R. Map. He d. 17 Feb. 1825, a. 88. 3. Oiiix, s. of Israel (2), came here with his father about 1795, and m. Han- nah, dau. of Benjamin Robinson of Barre, j)ub. 26 May 1799 ; she d. 13 June 1817, a. 41, and he m. her niece, Lucy P., dau. of James an(l granddaughter of Benjamin Robinson of Barre, 14 July 1822. His chil. were Chirissa, b. 26 Nov. 1799, d. 8 July 1803; Gardner, b. 21 Sep. 1801, d. 7 July 1803; Alma, b. — June 1803 or 2 July 1804, m. Dan W. Lane 6 Jan. 1824, and d. in 1875; Elliott Beckwith, b. 10 Dec. 1805; Orin, b. 2 Jan. 1808; .4/i/ia Maria, b, 18 Sep. 1810, m. Charles C Spooner 17 Sep. 1829; Israel Clapp, b. 20 Sep. 1815; a child b. 14, and d. 16 May 1817. Ouix the f. was a farmer, res. on the homestead witli his father, and d. 28 Oct. 1822, a. nearly 53; his w. Lucy P. m. James Browning 26 Nov. 1829. 4. Elliott B., s. of Orin (3), m. Anna P. King of Barre 27 I\Lar. 1831; she d. 15 Aug. 1863, a. 59, and he m. Sylvia W. Thresher 27 Mar. 1866. His chil. were Anna Maria, h. 7 Dec. 1831, m. George W. Reed of Hubbardston 11 Nov. 1869; Elliott B., b. 25 Dec. 1833, m. Lsabella Worthington of Ster- ling, 111., and d. at Coloma, 111., 12 May 1862; Samuel King, h. 6 June 1836, m. Charlotte E. Ross of Barre 5 June 1876; Joseph K., b. 9 Aug. 1838, d. 18 or 19 Oct. 1859. Elliott B. the f. was a farmer, res. on the homestead, and d. 7 or 8 Oct. 1879. 5. OitiN, s. of Orin (3), m. Eunice G. Robinson of Barre (sister of his step- mother) 31 May 1828, and had Orin Clapp, b. 17 Nov. 1830; Charles Lin- coln, b. 11 Seji. 1833; Lucian Dioujht, b. 12 Jan. 1839. Ouix the f., a far- mer, res. on the turnpike, near Great Meadow Brook, at the place marked " O. Trow " on the R. Map. He was a captain of militia, a selectman six years, and representative in 1861. His w. Eunice G. d. 11 Mar. 18G6, a. 51. 6. Ouix Clapp, s. of Orin (5), m. Nina Rosalie Petri at Baltimore, ]\Id., 3 July 185 7, and had Rosa Eunice, b. 3 Oct. 1858. Orix C. the f. d. at Washington, D. C, 27 Oct. 1864. 7. Charles Lixcolx, s. of Orin (5), m. Abbie J., dau. of Gardner Bar- tholomew 10 Sep. 1855, and had Samuel B., b. — May 1858, d. 3 Oct. 1858. Charles L. the f. rem. to Richmond, Ind., where he d. 15 Feb. 1877. His w. Abbie J. m. Joseph N. Lincoln of Hardwick. 8. LuciAX Dwight, s. of Orin (5), m. Rhoda Griffin of Syracuse, N. Y., 13 Sep. 1865, and had Fannie Eunice, b. 7 Dec. 1867; Pue/la Maud, h. 3 Aug. 1869. LuciAX Dwight the f., a farmer, res. with his father on the home- stead, and has long been an energetic and very useful member of the school committee. Truesdale, Harvey E., of Holden, m. Anna Fellows, pub. 29 May 1850, and had, in Hk., Etta Cordelia, b. 4 May 1851; Anna Lorinda, b. 19 May 1853 ; Mary Eliza, b. 12 Dec. 1854, m. Stearns, and d. at Holden 3 Jan. 1877. Tucker, Robert, with wife Martha, and children Seth, Eliphaz, Joshua, and Laban, came from Norton to Brookfield, and thence to Hardwick in 1774, and res. at first in a house of George Field. Robert the f. d. in 1805 ; his w. Martha d. 30 Nov. 1809, a. 74. 2. Seth, s. of Robert (I), m. Miriam Arvin (Marvin?) 17 Dec. 1807, and had Robert, b. 22 Sep. 1808, m. Elizabeth W. Tucker of N. Sal., pub. 5 Mar. 1832, and d. at Ware 30 June 1879; Bradford, b. 26 Miy 1811 ; John Marvin, 518 TUCKER — TUTE. b. 26 June 1817; Ruth A., b. 26 Mar. 1820, m. William S. Bassett 1 Dec. 1836; Seth Porter, b. 5 May 1822, d. 22 June 1836 ; Sarah E., b. 23 July 1826. Seth the f. (1. 14 May 1853, a. 89 ; his w. Miriam d. 28 Aug. 1858, a. 72. 3. Joshua, s. of Robert (1), m. Sarah Johnson of Oranrre, pub. 10 Mar. 1799, rem. to N. Sal., and had, perhaps, Ehenezer, b. about 1807, d. here 22 Ap, 1857, a. 50; Alfred, b. about 1808; prob. Joshua, b. about 1813, d. here 22 Nov. 1836, a. 23. 4. Labax, s. of Robert (1), m. Ruth Converse of Ware, pub. 16 Oct. 1803; she d. 30 Nov. 1809, a. 27, and he m. Anna Douglass 8 Nov. 1810. His chil. were Seneca, b. 13 Sep. 1805; Ct/nthia, h. 12 Jan. 1807, d. iinm. 7 Feb. 1865; Lahan, b. 30 Aug. 1808; Johi Estes, h. 7 Sep. 1811, ni. Adeline Gilinore 17 Mar. 1846, and d. at N. Brk. 3 May 1872; Manj Louisa, b. 8 Jan. 1818. Laban the f. d. 21 Nov. 1822, a. 51. 5. Alfred, s. of Joshua (3), m. Mary ; she d. 21 June 1838, a. 28, and he m. . His chil. were Wilcutt, h. about 1835, d. 20 Ap. 1858, a. 23; Addi- son Frederick, b. 11 Oct. 1845. Alfred the f. d. 26 Ap. 1866, a. 58. 6. Avery, m. Elizabeth W. , and had Lomira, b. 1840, d. 29 July 1844, a. 4; Caroline E., b. 1842, d. 2 Aug. 1844, a. 2; Freeman Sylvester, h. 5 July 1843; a dau. b. 11 Ap. 1848, d. 17 Ap. 1848; Sarah Elizabeth, b. 7 Oct. 1850, d. 11 Jan. 1851. 7. Hiram, ni. Mary E. , and had Georqe Edicard, b. 2 Nov. 1843; Maria E., b. 7 Ap. 1847, d. 28 Ap. 1848; Mary L., b. 19 June 1849, m. John F. Lathrop of Newtonville 16 Oct. 1872; William H., b. about 1851 ; Frank B., b. 19 Oct. 1852, d. 20 Ap. 1858; Frederick Hermon, b. 16 Aug. 1856. 8. Christopher C, m. Mary S. , and had Ellen Jane, b. 14 Aug. 1853. 9. Elijah F., m. Abbie J. Newcomb, pub. 19 Feb. 1856, and had Emma Augusta, b. 25 Nov. 1858, d. — Jan. 1859; Willie Isaiah, b. 9 Sep. 1862. 10. William H., s. of Hiram (7), m. Dahliette M., dau. of Adonijnh Dennis, 80 Ap. 1867; she d. 12 Aug. 1874, a. 32, and he m. Marion A. Spooner of Barre 6 June 1877. His chil. were Frai^k W., b. 7 Mar. 1868 ; Ethehjn D. M., b. 3 Dec. 1871; Howard II., b. 24 Feb. 1879. 11. Ephraim, parentage not ascertained, m. Abigail , and had Benja- min, b. 6 jNIay 1780; Ephraim, b. — Ap. 1784. Clarinda, of N. Brk., ni. James Vokes, pub. 16 Nov. 1784. TuppER, Martyn, Rev., was the first minister of the Calvinistic Society after its separation from the original Congregational Society in Hardvvick. He was born at West Stafford, Conn., 6 Jan. 1800, grad. at Nassau Hall 1826, was ordained here 16 Ap. 1828, and resigned 29 Ap. 1835; he was installed at E. Longmeadow in Oct. 1835, and dismissed in Sept. 1849; after a short pas- torate at Lanesboro' he was re-installed here 23 June 1852, and remained pastor of the church until 1 Sep. 1870, when he resigned, and rem. to Wa- verly, 111. He m. Persis L. Peck of W. Stafford 13 Ap.'^1828, had three chil. b. here, and others in Longmeadow: Henrji Martyn, b. 10 June 1830, grad. A. C. 1859, pastor of the church and principal of the Shaw Coll. Inst, at Ontario, 111.; Augusta Lomira, b. 4 Feb. 1832, m. Theodore E. Curtis of Waverly, 111., 22 Dec. 1868; Emily Peck, h. 2 Oct. 1834, m. Dr. John C. Norris of Leipsic, Del., 14 July 1863, d. at Philadelphia 24 Dec. 1866, and was buried in the fnmily lot in the new cemetery; James Brainard Taylor, b. at Longmeadow 8 Nov. 1839, grad. W. C. 1861, a lawyer; Elizabeth H., b. at Longmeadow 22 Oct. 1844, d. here, unm., 26 Aug. 1864. ]Mrs. Tupper d. at AVaverly 7 July 1871, a. 67; about a year afterwards, her bereaved husljand transported her remains to Hardwick, and deposited them by the side of their children; after which he visited his friends in Stafford, and there sickened and d. 31 July 1872. He was buried here among his people, to whom he had ministered more than twenty-five years. TuRXER, Bathsheba, m. Luther Burgess, 24 Dec. 1797. Frances M., m. Alpheus Johnson, pub. 28 Ap. 1853. Charles S., m. Alice A. Robinson 24 Nov. 1853. Munroe, m. Clara Robinson 4 Mar. 1858. Abigail, d. 5 May 1845, a. 19. TuTE, James, m. Kezia , and had John, b. 6 July 1732, hup. here 14 Aug. 1737; James, bap. 21 May 1738; Sarah, b. 5 Mar. 1740. TUTE — WALKER. 619 Mrs. Catherine m. William Ricliards, Roxbury, 28 Feb. 1830. Tyler, Reubex, ni. Elizabeth Billinsrs 3 Ap. 1.S31, and had Reuben Cutler, b. 4 Dee. 1832; Sarah Clementine, b. 4 July 1835 ; Elmira Elizabeth, h. 15 Auj;. 1838; a dan., b. 1 Nov. 1847, d. 16 Nov. 1847. Reuben the f. d. 21 Nov. 1859, a. nearly 52. Sally, of Western (Warren), m. Robert Field, pub. 20 Feb. 1802. Utley', James, m. Mary , and had Elijah, h. about 1784, m. Abicrail, dau. of Maj. Moses Mandell, 25 Sep. 1820, kept an extensive livery-stable in Hanover Street, Boston, and d. 13 May 1824, a. 40 ; Oren, b. about 1787; prob. Susan, h. about 1790, m. Masa Bassett 10 May 1814, and d. 17 July 1820, a. 80; Tpvoh. Hannah, b. , m. Thomas Gorham of Barre 12 Dee. 1811; Per- ley, a partner in business with his brother in Boston; James, b. 1797, d. 4 June 1800, a. 3; Amasa Sessions and Man/ Miller, twins, b. 3 Mnv. 1800, both d. 13 Au<];. 1803. James the f. was a farmer, removed here from Wil- braham 1797, and res. on the road to Enfield, about three and a half miles from the Common, at the place wronj^ly marked " D. Utley " on the R. Map. He d. 15 Mar. 1812, a. 56; his w. Mary m. Moses Barnes of Brk., pub. 25 May 1813, and after his death returned, and d, here 13 Feb. 1843, a. 82. 2. Orex, s. of James (1), m. Hannah Dexter of Royalton, pub. 22 Sep. 1811 ; she d. 19 Mar. 1829, a. 41, and he m. Susan Adams of Brk., pub. 11 Mar. 1831. Some of his chil. were Maria A., b. 1813, m. Braman B. Sibley of Enf. 31 Dec. 1833, and d. at Ware 9 May 1853, a. nearly 40; James Dexter, b. about 1815, d. 2 Feb. 1818, a. 2; Louisa V., b. about 1818, ni. John L. Lewis of Athol 25 Sep. 1843, and d. 16 Mar. 1878, a. 60; Mary, h. 1825, d. unra. 7 Dec. 1851, a. 26; Hannah E., b. 1832, d. unm. 7 Oct. 1850, a. 18; Henry A., b. 1836, d. at Brk. 7 Sep. 1857, a. 21. Besides these, John T., Rebecca W., wife of Zelotes H. Spooner, George D., and James B., are men- tioned, as then livinsi;, in their father's will, 28 Nov. 1850. Orex the f., a farmer, res. on the homestead, and d. 30 Nov. 1850; his w. Susan d. 22 Mar. 1866, a. 70. Voices, Robert, m. Ruth Bangs of Barre 19 July 1793, and had Charles, b. about 1806, and prob. others. 2. Edmund, m. Salome, dau. of Eastman Bolster, 3 May 1832, and had Harriet N., b. about 1833, m. Laban Presho, Jr., 17 Mar. 1853; a son b. 1835, d. 11 Dec. 1839, a. 4. Salome the m. d. 10 Sep. 1858, a. 45. 3. Charles, s. of Robert (1), m. Jerusha, dau. of Ebenezer Perry, 29 Oct. 1844, and had a son b. 7 May 1851, d. 8 May 1851; Charles Perry, b. 8 June 1856. Jerusha the m. d. 30 May 1887, a. nearly 65. 4. Charles P., s. of Charles (3), m. Harriet S. Browning of N. Br. 4 Aug. 18 78, and had Harriet, b. 12 Sep. 1879. Waite, Richard, m. Submit Thomas of N. Br., pub. 20 June 1771, and had Thomas, b. 10 Ap. 1772. 2. Joseph E., m. Sabra A. , and had Frank Augustus, b. 26 Aug. 1855, d. unm. 12 Dec. 1878, at W. Brookfield. David, m. Bathsheba, dau. of Joshua Crowell, 23 Nov. 1769. Phineas, of N. Br., m. Patty Anderson, pub. 20 Sep. 1801. Sy'lvixa, dau. of David, m. Ashbel Rice, pub. 21 June 1807. Asa J., of Athol, m. IMary M. Richards, pub. 9 Dec. 1851. Samuel, d. 7 Feb. 1838, a. 60. Abigail, a widow, d. 28 Dec. 1866, a. 74. AValker, Ebexezer, s. of Philip of Rehoboth, m. Dorothy Abell, and had, among others, Caleb, b. 30 Oct. 1706. 2. Caleb, s. of Ebenezer (1), m. Abigail, dau. of Dr. Ezra Dean of Taunton, and had Caleb, b. 14 Feb. 1728-9, m. P^lizabeth Perrin, and d. 4 Mar. 1753; Abraham, b. 1 Nov. 1731, m. Jemima Bishop, and d. 17 Nov. 17 74; Aliiqail, b. 11 Feb. 1733-4, m. Jonathan Carpenter, and d. 2 Feb. 1817; xibel, b. 11 May 1736; Comfort, b. 26 May 1739, m. ^Nlehetabel Robin- son, and d. 14 Ap. 1815. Caleb the f. res. in Rehoboth, and d. 3 Ap. 1768, a, 61; his w. Abigail was b. 10 Dec. 1704, and d. 1 Jan. 1795. 3. Abel, s. of Caleb (2), m. Lois Read 14 Ap. 1763; she d. 24 INIar. 1801, and he m. her sister, Bathsheba Read, pub. 15 Nov. 1801. His chil. were 520 WALKER — WARD. Cyril, b. 9 Feb. 1764, d. here unm. 30 Dec. 1849; Lois, b. 18 Oct. 1766, m. Lewis Baker of Pelli. — Feb. 1787, and d. 12 Aug. 1853; Ahel, b. 27 Sep. 1770; William, b. 29 Oct. 1772; Ahirjall, b. 13 Aug. 1775, d. unm. at Somers, Conn., 16 Mar. 1853; Thomm, b. IS" Nov. 1777, a printer, m. ]\Lary Eaton of Wore, rem. to Rome, N. Y., 1799, and was president of the Bank of Utica, and of a savings bank; Iluldah, b. 29 Oct. 1780, m. Daniel Sexton of Somers 18 June 1812, d. 19 Nov. 1858. Abel tlie f. was a Revokitionary soldier, and a farmer, rem. from Reliobotli to Hardwick in 1779, res. near Gr., and d. 17 Feb. 1819, a. nearly 83; his w. Bathsheba d. 27 Jan. 1819, a. 73. 4. Abel, s. of Abel (3), m. Mary, dau. of Jesse Snow, 26 Jan. 1797, and had Alvah,h. 9 Ap. 1798, m. Vesta Whitcomb of Gr. 8 Sep. 1821, rem. to Oswego, N. Y.; Horace, b. 12 Oct. 1799, d. 2 Sep. 1803; 0/ls, b. 28 Dec. 1800, d. 26 Aug. 1803 ; Cyril, h. 6 Dec. 1802, d. 23 Aug. 1803; Mary, h. 27 Aug. 1804; Harriet, b. 4 Nov. 1806, m. John S. Hall, 15 Se]). 1830, rem. to Columbus, O.; Vashti, b. 24 Sep. 1808 ; Ahel, b. 14 Dec. 1810, m. Sarah S. Allen of Brimfield 14 Oct. 1835, rem. to Elgin, 111. Abel the f. was killed by the fall of a rock 15 Nov. 1811; his w. Mary ni. Crawford, and d. in Gr. 18 Feb. 1865, a. nearly 90. 5. AViLLiAM, s. of Abel (3). m. Eunice, dau. of Col. Thomas Powers of Gr., pub. 4 Sep. 1804; she d. 29 May 1828, and he m. Mrs. Mercy Brown of Warren, pub. 16 Jan. 1830. His chil were Lois Reed, b. 9 July 1805, m. Joseph Cobb, Jr., of Boston 30 Dec. 1830; Thomas Powers, b. 7 Jan. 1807, m. Marv Gibbs of Gr., pub. 26 Feb. 1836; William, b. 9 May 1810, d. 10 May 1819; Susan, b. 8 Oct. 1813, m. Hammond Hunt 30 Ap. 1839, and (2d) Joshua Conkey of Rochester, N. Y., 3 Jan. 1848; James Hervey, b. 14 July 1818; Eunice Elvira, b. 1 Aug. 1820, m. John Allen of Bel. 30 Oct. 1838. William the f. was a farmer, lieutenant of militia, and selectman three years; he res. on the turnpike near Greenwich Village, at the place marked " Lt. Walker " on the R. Map, and d. 30 Jan. 1852, a. 79. 6. James H., s. of William (5), m. Sarah McCIintock of Ware, pub. 2 Nov. 1852, and had Fanny Priscllla, b 27 Sep. 1855; William Henry, b. 30 Nov. 1857; George Benjamin, b. 9 Sep. 1862; Mary Lois, b. 28 Mar. 1864; Susan Eliza, h. 9 Sep. 18fi7, d. 24 May 1872. James H. the f. , a farmer, res. on the homestead, was selectman three years, and rejiresentative in 1882. 7. Elias, parentage not ascertained, by w. , had Samuel, Leonard Rob- inson, and Dacid Hiygins, all bap. (with others) 27 Oct. 1782; he ni. (2d) Saiah, dau. of John Aiken, 27 Feb. 1772, and had Ellas, b. 25 Mar. 1773, d. young; Sarah, b. 19 May 1775, bap. 27 Oct. 1782; Susanna, b. 12 Ap. 1778, m. Silas Guild of Lebanon, Conn., pub. 29 Aug. 1796; Hannah, b. 23 Sep. 1780; Iktthsheha, b. 9 Mar. 1783; Jerusha, b. 17 Mar. 1785; Ellas, b. 4 Sep. 1787; Fanny, b. 17 Mar. 1790; Ruhy, b. 8 Nov. 1792. 8. Akad, had Mary A., b. at Royalton 5 Aug. 1835, m. George Warner 17 Oct. 1855, and d. 22 Nov. 1856; James, b. here 1 6 May 1839, d.""ll Ap. 1840; Sarah Josephine., b. here 9 Mar. 1845, d. 10 Ap. 1849. SiMEO.v, m. Judith Goss 10 Oct. 1751. Patience, of Pet., m. Silas Jobn- son 27 Nov. 1766. Hannah, of Pet., m. Robert Saunders, pub. 30 Aug. 1768. Hannah, m. Isaac Nye 29 Nov. 1770. Elizabeth, of N. Sal, m. Josiali Robinson, pub. 2 Nov. 1806. John, of Gr., m. EIizal)eth Smith 19 Feb. 1807. Mary, of Barre, m. Job Dexter, pub. 1 Nov. 1811. Helen C, dau. of Adam, d. 8 June 1869, a. nearly 18. Wallace, Edmund (otherwise written Wallis), m. Mercy , and had SaUy, b. 15 Aug. 1783. 2. Joseph, m. Clara J. Wallace 3 Dec. 1872, and had Leroy, b. 19 Sep. 1879. Nahum, d. 30 Aug. 1844, a. 64. Mary, ra. Joseph Baker of Gardner 17 Mar. 1847. Mrs. Mary A., of Barre, m. Edwin Beeman 7 Dec. 1860. Car- rie, of Barre, m. Charles L. Warner, pub. 24 Jan. 1861. Walton, Thomas, m. Betsey Haskins, pub. 19 Aug. 1810. Ward, Albert B., m. Anna O. , and had Charles Albert, b. 16 Oct. WARD — WARNER. 521 1869.; A)ina Francesca, h. 25 Feb. 1878; a dau. b. 30 Dec. 1879; Florence M., b. 14 Oct. 1881. 2. William Fkancis, m. Mary , and had William Francis, b. 20 May 1873. WiLLiA.-M, of Ware, m. Melinda Eassett 10 Mar. 1831. Sarah, m. Anson Basselt 28 Nov. 1848. John, d. 4 Sep. 1856, a. 56. Nathan (b. at Athol), d. 30 Auor. 1872, a. 84. Waudwell, Stp:phkn K., ni. Balarali (or Billerab), dan. of Col. Thomas Powers of Gr., and had Elvira, h. — Feb. 1813, d. 16 Anune 1806. (In these dates I follow the family record, which ditters somewhat from that of the town.) Jonathan the f. was a judicious and thrifty farmer; he inherited the homestead, but after his second marriage bought the INIarsh Farm, and erected a new house on the easterly road to Gil- bertville, at the place marked "A. Warner" on the R. Map. He was ensign of militia, selectman three years, and d. 1 July 1831, a. about 68; his w. Annis d. at Springf. 17 May 1859, a. nearly 94. 15. Justus, s. of Daniel (11), m. Catherine Hall of N. Br. 29 Dec. 1791, and had William Augustus, b. — Nov. 1792, d. 26 Feb. 1793, Justus the f. d. 18 i\Iay 1793, a. 25. 16. Giles, s. of Elijah (13), m. Betsey Sampson 4 May 1809; she d. 18 Jan. 1823, a. 49, and he ni. ]\lary Staples of Fres., pub. 12 Ap. 1824. His chil. were Rachel, b. 14 May 1811, m. Loring Gilbert of Ware 5 May 1831 ; a chihl b. , d. 4 Sep. 1813, a. one month; Mary Abigail, b. 7 Feb. 1825, m. Charles Hathaway 24 Ap. 1845, and d. 28 Nov. 1847; Betsey Sampson, b. 3 i\lar. 1827, d. 11 Sep. 1828 ; Francis Giles, b. 13 Ap. 1829 ; Caroline Maria, b. 9 Nov. 1832, m. West Paige 13 Dec. 1848, and (2d) Henry Paige of Prov- idence 22 Aug. 1859; George Elias, b. 29 May 1834, a conductor on the Ware River Railroad; James Loring, b. 16 Feb. 1837, d. 18 Feb. 1874. Giles the f. was a farmer, and inherited the homestead. He d. 20 Nov. 1847, a. 76; his w. Mary d. 28 Nov. 1862, a. 66. 626 WARNER. 17. Moses Makdell, s. of Jonathan (14), m. Orrel Smith of Palmer, pub. 30 Dec. 1816, and had Sarah A)w, h. 15 Feb. 1818, d. in Dixon, 111., 18 Feb. 1853; Henri/ S., b. 27 July 1819, res. in Sterling, III.; Clarissa S., h. 2 Aug. 1821; llvses M., b. 1 Mar. 1824, res. in Sterling; Orrel M., b. 22 Ap. 1826 ; Mary L., h. 1 Ap. 1828, d. 4 Oct. 1830; Mary L., b. 16 June 1830 ; Delphia J/., b. 20 June 1832, m. Calvin W. Mann 2 Ap. 1856 ; George P., b. 22 July 1834. Moses M. the f. was a farmer, and res. on the road between the roads to Gilbertville and to Ware, nearly two miles from the Common, at the place marked "Mr. Warner" on the R. Map. In 1838 he rem. to Sterling, 111., and d. in Lyndon, 111., 31 Jan. 1876, a. nearly 83 ; his w. Orrel survived, and res. with her sons at Sterling. 18. Daniel, s. of Jonathan (14), m. Nancy, dau. of Deac. Henry Fish, 29 May 1821, and had Henry Fish, b. 28 Feb. 1822, d. unm. 22 Sep. 1868; twins, b. and d. in 1825; Elizabeth Ann, b. 6 Sep. 1826, d. unm. 19 Nov. 1850; George, b. 14 Ap. 1830; Lucy Jane, b. 15 June 1835, m. Samuel A. Howe of Barre 8 Jan. 1859. Daniel the f. was a farmer, and res. near the central bridge over Ware River, at the place marked " D. Warner " on the R. Map; he afterwards bought the estate on the easterly road to Gilbertville, nearly two miles from the Common, marked " Mr. Bolster " on the R. Map, He d. 23 Sep. 18 76, a. 77; his w. Nancy d. 2 Feb. 1775, a. 77. 19. Lewis, s. of Jonathan (14), m. Vironia, dau. of John Anderson of N. Br., pub. 2 Ap. 1827 ; she d. 6 July 1853, a. 47, and he m. Susan Weeks of Oakham, pub. 21 June 1856. His chil. were Jonathan, b. 26 Jan. 1823; Charles L., b. 27 June 1831; Susan A., h. 4 Mar. 1834. Lewis the f. was a farmer, and after a temporary absence ret. to Hk., and res. near " Taylor's Mills," at the place marked " Dea. Amidon " on the R. Map. He d. 11 Sep. 1875, a. 74. 20. William Augustus, s. of Jonathan (14), m. Elizabeth F., dau. of Silas Billings, 24 May 1832, and had Harriet Elizabeth, h. 7 July 1834, m. Harmon C. Spooner 16 Jan. 1862; William Augustus, b. 15 Ap. 1837; Silas Franklin, b. 21 July 1843, d. 21 Nov. 1845; 3Iary Ann, b. 28 July 1846, m. Henry G. Towne 1 Jan. 1872; Julia Maria, b. 11 Jan. 1851. William Augustus the f. inherited the homestead, and was accounted one of the best farmers in the town. He d. 30 Aug. 1878, a. 74; his w. Elizabeth F. d. 11 May 1878, a. 65. 21. Levi Whipple, s. of Jonathan (14), m. Luthera, dau. of Ezra Clark, 10 Ap. 1832, and had William B., b. 10 Dec. 1832, d. 1 Jan. 1833; Caroline Maria, b. 12 Oct. 1835, m. Eleazar Damon of Ware 2 Aug. 1854; Emeline Frances, b. 3 Aug. 1837. Levi Whipple the f., a farmer, d. 28 July 1844, a. 38; his w. Luthera'm. William E. Bassett 25 Dec. 1851. » 22. Francis G., s. of Giles (16), m. Louisa Sturtevant, pub. 20 Dec. 1851,- and had Clarence Alfred, b. 26 Ap. 1852, d. 28 Ap. 1873 ; Mary Louisa, b. 9 July 1861. Fkancis G. the f. was a farmer, inherited the homestead, and d. 12 Sep. 1863, a. 34. 23. George, s. of Daniel (18), m. Mary A. Walker 17 Oct. 1855; she d. 24 Nov. 1856, a. 21, and he m. Harriet, dau. of John Wheeler, 21 Oct. 1858. His chil. were Mary Elizabeth, h. 22 Sep. 1856 ; Sarah Esther, b. 16 Dec. 1859, d. 31 Dec. 1859; George Franklin,h. 11 June 1862, d. 25 Jan. 1863; Hattie Sophia, h. 6 Nov. 1865; George Daniel, b. 5 Nov. 1867. George the f., a farmer, inherited the homestead; he was assessor seven years, and has been selectman from 1876 to the present time. 24. Charles L., s. of Lewis (19), ni. Caroline Wallace of Barre, pub. 24 Jan. 1861, and had Lewis, b. 13 Sep. 1865. Charles L. the f., a farmer and deacon, res. on the easterly road to Gilbertville, at the place marked " Dea. Fish " on the R. Map. 25. William Augustus, s. of William Augustus (20), m. Caroline A. Sib- ley 15 Nov. 1860, and had William Paige, b. 6 Feb. 1871, d. 2 July 1872. William Augustus the f., a farmer, has been deacon of the cluu-ch, and member of the school committee many years; also a member of the Massa- chusetts Board of Agriculture. W ARNER — WASHBURN. 627 2G. DwiGiiT, b. in Prescott, in. Mchetabel Knapp of Pet., pub. 7 Sep. 1852, and (1. 7 May 1857, a. 4G. P)y a former wife he had Emelbie L., b. about 18oG, m. Jonas H. Allen of Wore. 3 Feb. 1858; Livia A., b. about 1847, m. Henry G. Hutcliinson of Wore. 6 Dec. 18G5. 27. Waltku W., m. R. Alice Cleveland, pub. 2 Dec. 1852, and had a son b. G Auhire County, at the Ajn-il term of the Supreme Court in 1787, convicted of treason, and condemned to death. He received full pardon, however, by the Governor 30 April 1787, and on the 1st of September 1789 was commissioned captain of militia,^ — a majority of the company doubtless apjiroving his political opinions. But though thus sustained by his townsmen and by the government, it is said that his mind never regained its former buoyancy. Whether his mortification and chagrin tended to shorten his life is not known; but he d. 8 June 1794, at the early age of 37 ; his w. Mary d. 5 May 1821, a. 60. 1 "While giving directions to his hired "^ He was 1st lieut. of the same company men respecting his hay, lie felt himself 17 Jan. 1784, and seems to have retained faint, fell into their arms, and instantly ex- the office until he was promoted in 1789. pired." 3Iass. Sj)tj, July 18, 1804. WHEELER. 533 7. Thomas, s. af Tlioinas (5), ni. Anna, dan. of Lieut. Job Dexter. 3 June 1790; she d. 20 Mar. ISO-i, a. 3:^, and he m. Mary, dan. of Timothy Paifje, Esq., U P'eb. 1><05; she d. at Ticonderotra, N. Y., 18 Sep. 1828, a. nearly 48, and he m. twice afterwards. Ilis chil. were Charles, b. 20 ]\Iar. 1791, m. Luthera, dau. of Elijah Ban. 1819, m. Rev. Stephen Lovell, and d. 4 Mar. 1848; Juliet Elvira, b. 10 Sep. 1821, d. unm. at Greenwich 19 (or 29) June 1840. Thovas the f. was a very ingenious blacksmith and iron-founder; he also cultivated a farm. He was long in the military service, being a captain in' 1801, major in 1811, and colonel in 1813. He res. on the road to Gilbertville, at the place marked " I). Wheeler" on the R. Map, and afterwards near the New Furnace, at the place marked " M. S.," until about 1818, when he re- moved to Ticonderoga, N. Y. ; he returned about 1830, and res. a few years at Greenwich, and afterwards at Worcester, where he d. 26 Ap. 1851, a. 84. 8. Moses, s. of Thomas (5), m. Mehetabel Pearson of Randolph, Vt., in 1798, and had Sophia, b. 11 Dec. 1799, m. John Wheeler, i)ub. 2 May 1825; Daniel, b. 10 July 1801 ; Amanda, b. 6 Dec. 1.S02, m. Alanson Johnson, pub. 8 May 1826; Sarah Warner, b. 2 Dec. 1804; Moses, h. 2 Sep. 1806, drowned 8 June 1819; Hitty, h. 24 May 1808; IJnry Parsons, b. 27 Aug. 1810, d. 15 Mar. 1816; Harriet, b. 24 July 1812. ]Mosks the f. from about 1790 to 1803 res. at Randolph, Vt., where he was m. and his first three chil. were born. He then ret. to Hk., res. on what is now the Town Farm (on the Pet. road), and d. 14 Aug. 1828, a. 59. 9. Daxikl, s. of John (6), m. Sally, dau. of Col. Thomas Wheeler, 3 Nov. 1814, &nd IvmI Sally Ann, h. 2 Nov. 1815, d. unm. 25 Jan. 1833; Fanny, h. 15 Sep. 1817, m. Forester B. Aiken 10 May 1837, and d. 23 Dec. 1872; Mary, b. 25 Sep. 1819, m. Levi Adams of Shutes., pub. 3 May 1843; Elizabeth, b. 22 Aug. 1821; Daniel Warner, b. 15 Aug. 1823, m. Delia Jennev of Ware, pub. 28 May 1848; Charlotte, h. 13 Nov. 1825, m. Edwin D. McTarland of Wore. 23 Feb. 1864; Lulhera Elmira, b. 19 June 1828, m. Edward Dean 19 June 1851 ; John, h. 17 July 1829; Eliza Ann, h. 1832, d. 7 Mar. 1833, a. 1 year; William A., bap. 13 Dec. 1835. Daniel the f. was a farmer, res. on the road to Gilbertville, at the place marked " D. Wheeler " on the R. Map, and afterwards on the Moose Brook road, near the Furnace, at the place marked " D. Billings;" late in life he rem. to Wore, where he d. 13 June 1864, a. 80; his w. Sally d. 26 June 1864, a. 70 ; both were buried here in the new cemetery. 10. JoriN, s. of John (6), m. ; she d. , and he m. Sophia, dau. of Moses Wheeler, pub. 2 May 1825. His chil. were Daniel, b. 9 Ap. 1816, res. in East Boston; John, b. , m. , d. ; Mary G., b. 15 July 1820, m. Bartlett (one other child by first Avife d. young); Moses P., b. 2 Oct. 1828; Harriet S., b. 16 Feb. 1830, m. George Warner 21 Oct. 1858; Charles A., b. 31 Mar. 1832; Sarah E., b. 3 July 1834, d. unm. 17 May 1866; George E., b. 4 May 1836, res. in the city of New York. Joiix the f. rem. early to Rut., where all his chil. were born, e.\ce|)t the youngest; about 1835 he re- turned, and for many years res. on the Gilbertville road at the place marked " D. Wheeler." He was a farmer, and d. 7 (or 27) Sep. 1865, a. 80. 534 WHEELER— WHIPPLE. 11. Daniel, s. of Moses (8), m. Mary, dan. of Barnaba'' Hinkley, pub. 5 Nov. 1826, and had Mart/ Ann, b. 20 Sep. 1827; Daniel Hinkley, b. 7 June 1829; Susan, h. 11 Nov. 1830. Daniel the f. rem. to Maine about 1835. 12. Moses P., s. of John (10), m. Anna Maria Smith of St. Louis 3 Oct. 1861, and had Eimna Louisa, b. here 6 June 1868. Moses P. the f. rem. to Springfield. 13. Charles A., s. of John (10), m. Christiana B. Howe of Barre, pub. 7 Mar. 1865, and had Mary Louisa, b. 26 Mar. 1869. Charles A. the f., a farmer and deacon, res. on the homestead. 14. Ephraim, parentao;e not ascertained, by w. Anna, had Ephraim, h. 8 Dec. 1764; Anna, b. 4 May 1767; Persis, b. 29" Dec. 1769; Rhoda, h. 31 Aug. 1772. Ephraim the f. came here from Braintree in 1769. Sarah, m. Thomas Emmons 30 Ap. 1741. Martha, of Marlb., m. David Woods, pub. 11 Feb. 1743-4; Rebecca, m. Daniel Munden 8 Aug. 1771. Elizabeth, m. Joseph Cleveland 4 May 1772. George P., of Pet., m. Al- meda Aiken 13 June 1848. William A., m. Sarah E. Howe of Shrews., pub. 9 Nov. 1857. Fanny (b. in Pet.), d. unm. 30 Ap. 1861, a. 71. Wheelock, David, by w. Phebe, had Lydia, b. 22 Sep. 1760, ra. Ichabod Merritt of Ware, pub. 6 Ap. 1 783. 2. Calvin C, by w. Clarissa E., had Hattie Maria, b. 15 Jan. 1861, d. 24 May 1862; Ellen M., b. 186.3, d. 2 Sep. 1865, a. 2 years. Gideon, m. Sarah Forbush 14 Jan. 1771. Sally, m. James Holland of Gr. 15 Nov. 1792. Sarah, m. Benjamin Merritt of Ware 8 Jan. 1797. John Moore, s. of Eli, d. 17 May 1835, a. 1 year and 9 months. Whekt, Thomas, and Abigail Stearns were pub. 17 Jan. 1770. Whipple, Ben.jamin, b. in Ipswich 1726, by w. Hepzibah, had Nehemiah, b. here 25 ]\Iar. 1750; Hepzibah and Sarah, twins, b. 1 July 1751; Abigail, b. 21 June 1753 ; Lienjamin, b. 16 Sep. 1755; Prudence, b. 27 July 1757; David, b. 17 Sep. 1759; and at Bennington, Elizabeth, b. 24 Mar. 1763; Persis, b. 14 Mar. 1768. Ben.jamin the f. came here from Westboro' in 1749, was a cor- poral in the French War, and rem. to Bennington about 1761. 2. Ebenezer, rem. to Hk. from Sutton about 1751, and by w. Prudence, had Paul, b. , d. about 1771; Samuel, b. 7 Dec. 1751; John, b. 6 Jan. 1754, perhaps the same who d. 5 July 1777; Prudence (posthumous), b. 17 Mar. 1756, m. George Field 13 Ap. 1775, and d. 15 Dee. 1838. Ebenezer the f. was a "joiner," a sergeant in the French War, and was killed in battle 8 Sep. 1755; his w. Prudence m. Deac. James Fay, pub. 13 Sep. 1760. 3. Samuel, s. of Ebenezer (2), m. Sarah, dau. of Ezra Leonard, 30 IMar. 1775, and had Rhoda, b. 24 Oct. 1775, m. Solomon Cutter of Rimlge, N. H., 3 Jan. 1799; Olive, b. 6 June 1778, m. Chiron Penniman 17 Jan. 1797; John, b. 5 Feb. 1780; Fanny, b. 27 Feb. 1782; Charles, b. 12 Nov. 1784; Sarah, b. 20 Aug. 1786 ; Samuel Dudley, b. 24 June 1788; Anson, b. 23 Mar. 1790; SoiMa, b. 27 Feb. 1792. 4. James (a descendant from Matthew,^ who d. at Ipswich 28 Sep. 1647, through Joseph, 2 who d. at Ips. about 1709, Deacon James, ^ of Grafton, who d. 3 Nov. 1766, a. 85, and Jacob ^), was b. at Grafton in 1732, settled in Ilardwick, m. Lydia Powers 29 Nov. 1750, and had Lydia, b. 1753, and d. 1757; Jacob, b. 4 Nov. 1755; David, b. 12 Sep. 1759; James, b. 1765; Moses (posthumous), b. 1768. James the f. d. in 176 7. 5. Jacob, s. of James (4), m. Edna Forbush 30 Dec. 1777, and had Lydia, b. 1779, m. lehaliod Towne of Gr., pub. 27 Jan. 1798; Ephraim, b. 1781, d. at Dana 28 June 1862, a. 81 ; Sarah, b. 1782, m. Ezra Thayer; Mercy, h. 1784, d. young. (The names and dates of birth are copied from the Whipple Genealogy. Jacob the f. was a deacon and a preacher in the Baptist church in the north part of the town (now Dana), and d. in 1818. 6. David, s. of James (4), m. Elizabeth Davis of Gr. 7 Ap. 1785; she d. 16 Sep. 1826, a. 60, and he m. Martha Thayer, pub. 26 Jan. 1827; she d. 27 May 1836, a. 71, and he m. Arathusa Estabrook 1 Dec. 1836. His chil. were Len- WHIPPLE — WHITCOMB. 535 dall, b. 14 Dec. 1795, d. unrn. 21 Nov. 1817, and was tlio first person buried in the new cemetery (having; previously assisted in bnildintr tlie snrrouiidinu wall); Joel, b. 19 July 1797; C(irena,'h. 28 May 1799, m.' Ilosea Thayer of Dana, pub. 26 Ap. 1819; Eliza, b. 11 Mar. 1804, "m. William Johnson 15 Aug. 1822. 7. James, s. of James (4), m. Electa Johnson 21 Ap. 1785, and had James, b. 1785, m. Sybil Sturtevant of Ware, i)ub. 20 Feb. 1808; Ci/Nthia, b. 1788, m. Ephraini Thayer; Balhsheha, b. 1791, ni. Ajwllos Johnson ; Seth, b. 1793, m. Deborah Stephens, pub. 22 Mar. 1819, and d. at Otsego, N. Y., in 1846 ; Catherine, b. 1706, m. Thomas Jenkins of Otsego, and d. in 1841; Almira, b. 1778, m. Tra Haskell of Gr. ; Almond, b. 1800, res. in Howell. Mich., and was clerk of the Judicial Court; Sophronia, h. 1802, in. Oliver N. Shipman of Springf., N. Y. ; Sfjuire, b. 1804, grad. U- C. 1830, a civil engineer in Utica, N. Y. James the f. rem. in 1817 to Otsego, N. Y., and thence to Springf., N. Y. See Gen. of Whipple Famih/. 8. Moses, s. of James (4), m. Sarah Thayer 31 Dec. 1789, and had lieherca, b. 9 Oct. 1790, m. Daniel Stephens, pnb. 14 Ap. 1811 ; Sarah, b. 16 Ap. 1792, ni. Joel Gleason, pub. 24 June 1811 ; L>j(lla, b. 17 Feb. 1795, m. Holland llandall of Barre, pub. 7 Ap. 1S17; Moses, b. 22 Sep. 1796; Polh/, b. 179(), (1. 1802; Joseph, b. 30 Aj). 1801 ; Hannah, b. 11 June 1803, d. unni. at Dana 17 Ap. 1858 ; Susanna, b. 9 Sep. 1805, m. Stephen N. Johnson, pub. 3 Feb. 1823; Selinda, h. 1 May 1809, m. Cyrus Doubleday of Dana; J!uhi/, b. 10 Nov. 1811, m. Erastus Thayer 26 May 1830, Moses the f. d. 1842. 9. Joel, s. of David (6), m. Eunice Richardson 2 Sep. 1821, and had Charles L., h. about 1S30, d. num. 25 Mar. 1879, a. 48; Eliza E., b. about 1840, m. Peebles Johnson 21 May 1861. Joel the f. d. 28 or 29 Jan. 1864; his w. Eunice d. at N. Brk. 9 Oct. 1869, a. 68, and was buried here. 10. Moses, s. of Moses (8), ni. Eunice Knowles 6 Ap. 1823, and had Har- riet. K., b. about 1824, m. S. Osborn Brown of Fitchburg 1 May 1845 ; ^fartf Maria, b. about 1827, m. S. Osborn Brown, then of Springf., 5 June 1850; also Moses K., Susan, Albert, and Charles. 11. Joseph, s. of Moses (8), m. Deborah, dau. of George Haskell, 15 Ap. 1824, and had Emili/ R., b. about 1825, m. John Haven, and d. at Boston 8 June 1856. Joseph the f. was a colonel of militia, and deacon of the church. He rem. to Springfield about 1842. Lucy, of Westborough, ni. ]\Ioses Pratt 16 Nov. 1747. Moses, brother of James (4), ni. Catherine Forhush 25 i\Iay 1758. Sarah, m. Sbearjiishub Spooner of Pet. 21 ]\Lay 1760. Maky, m. Joseph Warner 14 Nov. 1764. Lydia, m. Ephraini Cleveland, Jr., 15 Nov. 17 70. Hanxah, m. David Leonard of "No. 5" (Cummington) 15 Feb. 1773. Rachel, m. Joshua Johnson 12 Aug. 1798. Levi, m. Betsey Warner 21 Aug. 1803. Betsey of Grafton m. James W. Jenkins, i)ub. 1 Jan. 1804. Maria A., m. James H. Sturtevant, pub. 1 July 1853. Charlotte S., m. William E. Dart, pub. 30 Mar. 1858. Whitaker, Franklin, a clerijyman, m. INIary, dau. of Franklin Ru'jgles, 1 June 1843, and hail Mary, b. here 19 Ap. 1844, d. 16 Dec. 1850 ; Helen, b. in Janesviile, Wis., 2 Mar. 1848. d. 17 Aug;. 1850; Franklin, b. in Jancsville 11 Jan. 1850, d. 20 July 1857; Willie, h. here 19 Aug. 1851, d. 26 Nov. 1853; Ellen, h. in Janesviile 16 Sep. 1853, d. 28 Jan, 1854. 2. Ika W., by w. , had Charles Eastman, b. 11 Aug. 1845; a son b. 7 Feb. 1848 ; Lucj/ Maria, b, 11 June 1850. AVhitcomb, James, s. of Robert and grandson of John, was b. at Scituate about 1668, where he m. Mary Parker in 1694, and h-A.d James, h. 31 Aug. 1695, d. young; Nathaniel and James, twins, b. the former on the 19th and the latter on the 21st of August 1697, as the Scituate Records distinctly show; Mary and Joanna, twins, b. 22 Mar. IJuiJ (of whom Mary m. Davis, and Joanna m. Chapman); Bobert, h. , named in his father's will 22 Sep. 1727. James the f. was a " set- work coojjer," rem. from Scitu- ate to Rochester, where he d. 26 June 1728, a. 60; his w. Mary d. 30 Nov. 1729, a. 62. 536 WHITCOMB. 2. Nathaniel, s. of James (1), ni. Rosilla Coombs 21 Jan. 1722-3; she d. 8 Mar. 173 7-8, and he m. Phehe Blackman 27 JliIv 1738. His chil. were Joanna, b. 6 June 1725, m. Silas Dean 13 Sep. lliA;' Mary, b. 9 Oct. 1727, m. Paul Dean 4 Dec. 174.5, and (2d) Deac. Daniel Spooner 16 Oct. 1780, and d. 9 May 1822; Dorcas, b. 8 Mar. 1729-30, ni. Solomon Aiken 8 Feb. 1749- 50, and d. 10 Dec. 1803; Nathanid, b. 26 May 1732; Rosilla, b. 19 Feb. 1733-4, m. George Paige 4 June 1752, and (2d) "Capt. William Breckenridge of Ware 17 Mar. 1790, and d. 29 Oct. 1807; Asa, b. 29 Feb. 1735-6; John, h. 14 Feb. 1737-8, prob. d. young; Lot, b. 2 May 1739; Content, b. 27 Oct. 1740, m. Solomon Bush of Ware 27 Nov. 1767. Nathaniel the f. was a cooper, rem. with his family from Rochester to Hardwick about 1742, was selectman five years between 1745 and 1759, assessor three years, and d. 18 Mar. 1772, a. 74 ; his head-stone remains standing in the old cemetery. 3. James, s. of James (1), m. Mercy, dau. of Deac. Samuel Winslow of R()(di., 15 Aug. 1721 ; she d. 20 Sep. 1726, a. 21, and he m. Joanna, dau. of William vSpooner of Dartm., 12 July 1727 ; she d. , and lie m. JNIercy, dau. of Capt. Josiah Winslow of Freetown, pub. 15 Nov. 1728; she d. 20 Ap. 1729, a. 28, and he m. Sarah, widow of Thomas Lincoln and dau. of IMajor Edward Winslow of Koch., 31 May 1731 (three of these wives were cousins to each other). Ilis chil., all by his last wife, were James, h. 3 Mar. 1731-2, a soldier in the French War, killed at Gaspereau, N. S., 24 July 1755; ^ Thomas, b. 2 Dec. 1733, d. at Western 17 70; Sarah, b. 26 Oct. 1735; Mercy, b. 26 Aug. 1737 ; Scottoway, b. 1 June 1739 ; Robert, b. 1 May 1741; ]\''nlhan, bap. 25 Sep. 1743 ; also Edward and Mnry, named in their father's will. James the f. owned land in Hk., and seems to have res. here a short time ; he rem. from Roch. to Western (now Warren) about 1743, where he d. between 30 Aug. and 16 Dec. 1763; his w. Sarah was living 28 Feb. 1771, when her dower was assigned. 4. Robert, s. of James (1), m. Joanna Lawrence 13 Jan. 1731-2, and had Elizabeth, h. 11 Nov. 1732, m. AVilliam Powers of Hk. 16 Nov. 1758; Joshua, b. 19 Nov. 1734; Joanna, b. 29 May 1737, m. Isaiah Hatch 31 Jan. 175G, and rem. to Hk.; and prob. others. Robert the f. res. at Rochester. 5. Nathaniel, s. of Nathaniel (2), m. Margaret Aiken 19 June 1755; she d. , and he m. Mrs. Mary Freeman 17 Oct. 1779. His chil. were Dorcas, b. 16 June 1756, d. unm. 3 Jan. 1777; Lucy, b. 18 JNLar. 1758 ; Margaret, bap. 8 June 1760; Phebe, ha.]). 24 Oct. 1762; Abigail, bap. 9 Dec. 1764. Na- thaniel the f. rem. to Gr. before 1779. 6. Asa, s. of Nathaniel (2), m. Joanna, dau. of Benjamin Raymond, 15 Mar. 1759, and had Rhoda, b. 22 Julv 1760, m. Ephraim Briggs at Barnard, Vt., 18 Ap. 1780; John, b. 17 Sep. 1761; Chapman, b. 5 Mar."l765; Anthony, b. 17 June 1766; Asa Barnanl, b. 23 Aug. 1770; Joanna, b. 11 July 1773; Benjamin, b. about 1775 (the four last named d. before 1809, and their names are inscribed together on ahead-stone at Barnard); Philodes, b. in Barnard 27 June 1776, and the record describes him as "the first cliild that was born in this town." AsA the f. was a very active man. and the principal leader in the settlement of Barnard. He was the agent of the proprietors for the sale of their land, and induced a large number of liis relatives and neighbors to remove thither; so many, indeed, that on the organization of that town all the principal town officers, with perhaps a single excej)tion, were Hardwick men. He was selectman, 1778, the first justice of (he peace, 1778, representa- tive, 1779, and a leading spirit through life. He d. 31 Mar. 1812, a. 76. On his head-stone it is inscribed that "he was one of the framers of the Constitu- tion of this State, one of the first settlers of this town, and a main pillar of its infant settlement ; and during the struggle for independence was a firm sup- porter of the cause of his country." ^ 1 July 25, 1755. "Lieut. Wilson came "Diary of Dr. John Thomas," N. E. Gen. from Gaspereau; brings an account that one Rvy , xxxiii. 390. of Capt. Cobb's men were killed passiug - I remember Mr. Whitcomb as a mus- from the fort to the village on liis liorse ; lie cular man, with features inh of Montague 24 July 1862. WiXTERBOTioM, George, by w. Eu])hemia, had Euphemia, b. 21 Sep. 1872; Alice, h. T Sep. 1873; John, b. 20 Dec. 1874; Eva, b. 12 Jan. 1880, d. 25 Aug. 1880. Annie, m. Edward Parker, Jr., 1 Nov. 1877. Thojias, m. Mary L. C. PeltetTere Dec. 1881. Wiswell, Joseph, by w. Emily, had Joseph, b. 30 Sep. 1864. j\Irs. Susan (dau. of Samuel Bartholomew), d. 11 Feb. 1869, a. 80, or 81. AVooD (or Woods), David, m. jNIarlha \Vheeler of Marlb., pub. 11 Feb. 1743-4, and Xxmi Mary, b. 10 Nov. 1745; Benjamin, b. 20 Sep. 1747; Persis, h. 25 June 1749; Barid, bap. 6 Feb. 1753. 2. Joseph, by w. Tabitha, had Moses and Oline, both bap. 14 Sep. 1746. 3. James, ra. Anne Stephens of Marlb., pub. 5 Oct. 1747, and had Lydia, h. 16 Sep. 1748; Sarah, bap. 3 Feb. 1750-1. 4. Jacob, by w. •, had Josiah and Esther, both bap. 14 Auij. 1749. 5. William, m. Polly Nye 15 Nov. 1798, and had Mary, b. 14 Aug. 1799; William Merrick, b. 17 Aug. 1801. 6. Hiram M., m. Susan A. Brimliall 18 Aug. 1840, and had Mary Jane, b. 13 Aug. 1843; Abby Almira, b. 18 July 1851. 7. Liberty, by w. Alice, had Horace Taylor, b. 5 Feb. 1848; Mary Eliza, b. 14 Ap. 1850. 8. Charles, m. Sarah C. Spooner 21 Aug. 1851, and had John Grover, b. 23 June 1858. 9. Patrick, by w. Rose Ann, had James, b. 19 Feb. 1873. Naoma, of Northlield, m. Thomas Wells White, pub. 14 Oct. 1 764. Aaron, of Gr., m. Sarah Bridge 1786. Lydia, of N. Br., m. David Allen 22 544 WOOD — AVYATT. Jan. 1795. Nathaniel, m. Mrs. Elizabeth Stearns 17 Nov. 1805. Chand- ler, m. Polly Pike 19 Feb. 180(5. Mary, m. Samuel C/arlc of Pet. 13 Mar. 1817. Patience G., m. Alfred W. Coffin of Palmer 15 Nov. 1831. LuciN- DA, m. Zenas H. Dexter 28 Aug. 1837. Loring F., of N. Br., m. Mary P. Webb, pub. 5 Sep. 1839. Eliza C, m. Aretas D. Gilbert of W. Brk., pub. 4 May 1844. Sakah F., m. Asaliel B. Lamson, pub. 1 Dec. 1851. Harriet, of Enf., m. Sumner L. F. Dart, pub. 18 Feb. 1854. George, of N. Br., ra. E. Augusta Fay G Feb. 1862. Josephine, ni. Jefferson Murphy 31 Mar. 1872. Charles W., of Wore, ni. Charlotte E. Wetherell 13 June 1872. Andrew, Jr., m. Mary Billings 2 Feb. 1873. Carrie E., m. Theodore Manning of Wore. 19 Jan. 1875. Nabby, w. of Nathaniel, d. 18 Sep. 1804, a. 28. AsAHEL (colored), d. llj Dec. 1822, a. 73. Woodbury, Mary, m. Eleazar Packard 9 June 1769. Molly, dan. of Hannah, bap. 16 Sep. 1770. Woodward, Stephen, of Pet., m. Molly Sibley 13 May 1777. Seth, of Pet., m. Ruth Ayers 25 Aug. 1778. Benjamin, m. Mrs. Molly Woodward 17 Jan. 1783. Joel, of Pet., m. Nancy Comee 17 Aug. 179G. IIuldah, of Pet., m. Jonathan Robinson, pub. 30 Oct. 1808. Rebecca, of Ware, m. Edmund Rogers, pub. 24 Jan. 1820. IjVCY M., m. Henry H. Granger 30 Mar. 1837. Eleanor (a widow, prob. mother of Haldah, who m. Jonathan Robinson), d. 20 Sep. 1817, a. 74. Eliza, of Ware, d. 10 Sep. 1831, a. 32. Andrew A., d. 5 July 1857, a. 6. WoRDEN, Abigail, of Pet., m. Joseph Goodell 15 Aug. 1780. Samuel, of Pet., m. Betsey Sibley 30 June 1785. Wright, James, m. Mary, dau. of John Hunt, 18 June 1766, and had Rhoda, bap. 15 Dec. 1777. His w. Mary d. 3 Oct. 1779, a. 33. 2. Thomas Martin, brother of James (1), m. Elizabeth, dau. of Timothy Newton, 19 Dec. 17 76; she d. at Barnard, 22 (or 23) Sep. 1800, a. nearly 43, and he m. Sarah Black 2 Sep. 1801. His chil. were Orpha, b. 4 Mar. 1779; Elizabeth, b. 21 (or 22) Sep. 1780; and at Barnard, Surah, b. 15 Feb. 1783; James, h. 14 Aug. 1785; Asenath, b. 4 Mar. 1788. Thomas Martin the f. •was a Revolutionary soldier, rem. to Barnard about 1782, and d. there 22 May 1839, a. 88. '? 3. Silas, brother of James (1), m. Mercy Hayford 15 Feb. 1781, and had Bathxhcha, b. 9 Aug. 1781. 4. Gershom p., m. Arathusa M. Robinson of Barre, pub. 10 Feb. 1849, and had Aiioa Malvina, b. 6 Jan. 1850; Frank Phinney, b. 21 Sep. 1852. Mary, ni. Capt. Daniel Warner 31 May 1758. Azariah, of Westminster, m. Mary Safford 29 June 1762. Patience, mother of James (1), m. John Hunt 25 Dec. 1765. Huldah, s^ister of James (1), m. Southworth Jenkins, of Rut. Dist. (Barre), 15 Nov. 1770. Elihu, of Westminster, Vt., m. Betsey Wheeler 28 Nov. 1799. Joseph, m. Polly Phelps 4 Nov. 1852. Persis, m. Nathan W. Robinson 5 Jan. 1853. Charles, d. 18 Nov. 1797, a. 67. Thank- ful, w. of Gad, d. 1 Jan. 1852, a. 82. Gad (b. at Brk.), d. 21 or 22 Sep. 1858, a. 84. Wrin, John, by w. Honora, had Honora, b. 25 Nov. 1858; Johanna, b. 22 Dec. 1859 ; John, b. 27 Dec. 1861 ; Bridget, b. 1 Feb. 1864; Caroline, b. 5 June 1868; William, h. 4 Dec. 1875. 2. Humphrey, m. Maroaret Donahoe, pub. 11 Nov. 1859, and had Cor- 7ieliii^, b. 26 May 1862; Patrick, b. 29 Ap. 1865; Johanna, b. 8 Oct. 1866; Michael, b. 5 Ap. 1868. 3. John, by w. Julia, had jSIargaret, b. 31 Aug. 1864. 4. John, by w. Catherine, had John, b. 13 June 1872; Charles, h. 8 Feb. 1874 ; Delia, b. 4 Sep. 1877 ; George Francis, b. 1 Mar. 1880. Cornelius, m. Margaret Kelly, pub. 8 Nov. 1856. Bridget, m. Daniel. Breen, pub. 9 July 1862. Humphrey, m. Mary Buckley, pub. 5 Ap. 1864. Hannah (dau. of John), d. 15 Mar. 1859, a. 4 months. Corxelius (b. in Ire- land), d. 11 Jan. 1870, a. 50. ]\Iary (b. Ire.), d. unm. 17 Feb. 1871, a. 56. John (b. Jre.), d. 20 July 1873, a. 85. Wyatt, David, m. Drusilla Robinson of Barre 9 Jan. 1873. WYMAN — NOTE ON THE MIXTERS. 545 Wyman, Amos IL, by w. Lucy L., had A7nos Hiram, b. 19 Aug. 1839 ; Henrrj Thomas, h. 27 Feb. 1841; Luc;/ Elvira, b. 3 (or 4) Sep. 1843; Sarah Jane, b. 19 Ap. 1850, m. Zenas W. Tolnian of Gr. 30 Sep. 18G6, and prob. (2d) Alanson Kamsdell 4 June 1874. Amos H.tlie f. d. 13 June 1882, a. 74. Thomas, d. 10 Feb. 1854, a. 78. Henry, d. 22 Oct. 1864, a. 23. Yarkixgtox, William N., m. Eleanor, dau. of Stephen Morton, 19 May 1836; she d. 16 May 1855, a. 47. NOTE ON THE MIXTERS. The early (generations of the Mixter Family are displayed by Bond in his Watertown Genealogies. The name was formerly written Mixer. The line of descent to the Hardwick branch of the family, inadvertently omitted in its proper place, is here inserted : — Mixter (or Mixer), Isaac, "aged 31, w. Sarah, a. 33, and son Isaac, aged 4 years, embarked at Ipswich, Eng., for New England, Ap. 10 1634." He was "admitted freeman. May 2 1638." His chil. were Isaac, b. in Eng- land, 1630; Sarah, b. , m. John Stearns, and d. 4 June 1656. Isaac the f. res. in NVatertown, was selectman 1651 and 1655. He "owned one quarter of the vessel Diligent, then at sea, whereof John Shepherd, under God, was master." He d. between 8 May and 19 June 1655; his w. Sarah d. ,24 Nov. 1681. 2. Isaac, s. of Isaac (1), m. Mary Coolidge 19 Sep. 1655; she d. 2 Mar. 1659-60, and he m. Rebecca Garfield 10 Jan. 1660-1 ; shod. 16 Mar. 1682-3, and he m. Mary, wid. of William French, Esq., 1687. His chil. were numerous: Mar;/, b. 18 May 1656, m. George Munnings; Sarah, h. 28 Oct. 1657, m. Samuel Hagar; Rebecca, b. 9 Mar. 1661-2, m. Samuel Kendall; Isaac, b. about 1663; EUzaheth,h. 18 June 1665, d. 19 Mar. 1665-6; Joanna, b. 14 Dec. 1666, m. Joseph Harrington 7 Nov. 1688; John, b. 5 Mar. 1668-9; George, h. 20 Jan. 1670-1; ^%«//, b. — Nov. 1672, m. Samuel Howe 11 Dec. 1690; Joseph, b. 9 Aug. 1674; Daniel, b. 12 Feb. 1675-6; Meheiahel, b. 25 Jan. 167S, d. 22 Nov. 1678; Benjamin, b. 23 May 1679; Dorothi/, b. 2 Sep. 1680, m. William Davis 12 Jan. 1710 ; David, b. 6 Aug. 1683. Isaac the f. " was selectman many times, 1673 to 1701, and town clerk 1692." He res. in Watertown, and d. 22 Nov. 1716, a. 86; his w. Mary "was living 1735, very ageil." 3. Joseph, s. of Isaac (2), m. Anne Jones, and had Rebecca, b. 22 Feb. 1704, d. 21 Mar. 1704; Joseph, b. 14 Dec. 1705; Sarah, b. 12 Mar. 1707-8, m. David Learned; Lydia, b. 10 June 1710, m. Thomas Warren; David, b. and d. in July 1713; Mary, b. 25 Oct. 1714, m. David Coolidge; Josiah, b. 16 Nov. 1716; Anna, b. 14 Aug. 1719, m. Isaac Rice; Abigad, b. 26 June 1721, m. Benjamin Bond. Joseph the f. res. in Watertown, was deacon of the church, and treasurer of the West Precinct. 4. Josiaii, s, of Joseph (3) , m. ^lary Garfield, 7 Aug. 1 740 ; she d. , and he m. Mrs. Sarah Mead 10 Ap. 1754. His chil. were Mary, b. 5 June 1741; Samuel, h. 7 Aug. 1743 ; Josiah, b. 8 Ap. 1745, d. in Lincoln 3 Dec. 1815 ; Ann, b. 8 July 1747; Mary, b. 18 Oct. 1749; Sarah, b. 16 Dec. 1754, m. Jonathan Hagar; Persis, b. 6 Nov. 1756, m. John Perry; Eunice, b. 8 Mar. 1760, m. Alpheus Bigelow; Lois, b. 12 Sep. 1762, m. Thomas Livermore, and (2d) Thomas Sanderson; Elijah, h. d June 1764, d. 6 Oct. 1792; Lydia, b. 18 Mar. 1766, ni. Joel Wellington; Daniel, b. 26 Ap. 1769. Josiaii the f. res. in Waltham, and was selectman three years, 1768-17 70. 5. Samuel, s. of Josiah (4), m. Elizabeth, dau. of Jason Bigelow of Brook- field, and had/fl.so», Samuel, and five daughters, as already stated more par- ticularly on page 423. Through Rebecca, wife of Isaac (2), and Mary, wife of Josiah (4), this family appears to have a double share of the Garfield blood, which became so illustrious in the person of the martyred President, whose ancestors were inhabitants of Watertown. 35 CONCLUSION. On examination of the foregoing Genealogical Register, it will be observed that many of the very early inhabitants of Hardwick came from widely distant towns, yet in groups of relatives and friends. The largest group, under the influence of Rev. Timothy Ruggles, came from the Old Colony, notably from Rochester, Dartmouth, Sandwich, Harwich (including Brewster), and Eastham. Another company was from Hamp- shire County, especially from Hatfield, with whom came the first Pastor of the Church, and the progenitors of General Warner. Another group, under the leadership of Captain Sam- uel Robinson, came from Grafton, Westborough, Southborough, Shrewsbury, and other towns in that section of the county, more or less connected with each other by the ties of blood and mar- riage. A smaller number came with Deacon Christopher Paige, from Bedford, Concord, Littleton, and other towns in that re- gion. And, finally, a somewhat numerous and active class came with Captain Eleazar Warner from Brookfield, the only town except Rutland which was then organized in this immediate neighborhood. The names of families coming here from each town have been sufficiently designated in the Register, and need not be repeated. It may be added, that the members of these several groups generally clustered around each other in their habitations ; and some of the early controversies in the town, concerning meeting-houses and other public conveniences, may have a more than merely local interpretation. INDEX OF NAMES. Abbott, 36, 8, 52, 158, 9, 76, 225-9, 63, 7, 315. Abercrombie, 81, 183, 266. Adams, 07, 9, 78, 83, 253, 81. Aiken, 34, 8, 45, 50, 6, 153, 9, 169, 2.32, 63-8, 71, 3, 6, 7, 86, 91, 7, 313, 17, 18. Alden, 286. Aldrich. 257. Allen, 24, 34-8, 55, 65, 83, 87-90, 101, 13, 16. 21, 3, 41, 9, 59, 73.6,9,81-90,3, 20«, 7, 19, 26. 43, 9, 50, 05, 89, 91, 4, 5, 307, 13-19. Amherst, 206. Amidon, 34, 40, 2, 208, 19, 77, 95. Anav, 17. Anderson, 47, 145, 291, 313, 14, 16, 18. Andrews, 38. Andrewson, 47. Anogomog (Indian), 15, 17. Appleton, 199. Arnold, 297. Ashlev, 181. Atwood, 228, 65, 87, 95. Auchmuty, 22. Ayers, 11, 40, 146, 253, 68. Babbitt, 230, 70, 4, 95. Bachelor, 295. Backus, 199. Bacon, 264, 8, 85. Badcock, 264. Bailev, 273, 8. Baker, 102. Baldwin, 138. Hallou, 232. Bangs, 269, 71, 95, 7. Banti, 284. Barlow, 83, 116, 231,76,316. Barnard, 55, 278. Barnes, 33, 9, 132, 231, 8, 64, 83, 6, 7. Barr, 36, 40, 2, 249, 68. Barrett, 36, 8, 42, 146. Barrows, 259. Bartholomew, 238, 87, 310, 14, 16, 18. Baacom, 207. Bassett, 101. 271, 4, 8, 95. Batchelder, 271. Bathsheba (slave), 160. Beach, 233. Beals, 149, 253, 5, 6, 74, 90, 7, 309, 16. Beckwith, 241, 2, 53. Beecher, 236. Belcher, 23. Belding, 277. Belknap, 254. Benedict, 245. Benjamin, 146, 267, 8. Bennett, 34. Bernard, 77. Berrv, 313, 16, 18. - Biirelow, 284. Billings. 39, 50, 83, 7, 90, 132, 41, 69, 83, 208, 38, 41, 55, 64-72, 4, 7-9, 90, 1, 5, 7, 308, 13-19. Bisbe, 233. Blackington, 159. Blackmer, 255. Blair, 30, 264, 5. 8. Blake, 147, 9, 52, 238, 309. Blanchard, 2SJ5. Bliss, 309. Blodgett, 199, 207. Blood, 277. Blunt, 264. Bolster, 146. Bond, 159. Bonnev, 309. Boston. 101. 279. Botham, 283. Bourn, 208. Bowdoin, 126, ,7, 30, 1, 3, 4, 40. Bowen, 230, 91. Bowker, 268. Bowman, 56, 273, 95, 7. Boyden, 271.' Bovnton, 277. Bradford, 108. Bradhurst, 17. Bradish, 83, 4, 108, 86, 219, 20, 49, 95, 313, 15. Bradshaw, 159. Bradv, 185. Breckenridge, 20, 228, 9. Brewer, 285. Bridge, 208, 97. Brigham, 284. Brilnhall, 135, 79. Brown, 121, 64, 220, 31,42, 55, 8, 84. Browning, 316, 18. Brownson, 55. Bruce, 238, 54, 68, 92. Brvant, 135. Buck, 34. Buffon, 254. Burgovne, 273, 5. Burgess, 235, 78, 9, 92. Burnham, 228. Burr, 21, 22. Burt, 170, 231, 316, 18. Butler, 269, 70. Butterfield, 268, 87. Buttrick, 257. Bvam, 50, 277, 97. Byram, 66, 276. Ca>sar (slave), 161. Call, 55, 6. Cameron, 288. Campbell, 231, 79, 83, 90. Canadj', 295. Cannon, 42, 146, 80, 318. Cararv, 34. Carpenter, 34, 8, 42, 50, 135, 40, 76, 220, 40, 9, 53, 64, 7-9, 74, 95. Caul, 55, 6. Chaddock, 149. Chaloner, 269, 76, 95. Chamberlain, 159, 2-30, 2, 42, 60, 69-71, 3, 0, 8, 97, 308. Chandler, 24, 9, 34, 9, 93, 219, 53, 61, 85, 95. Chapin, 138. Chaplin, 84, 205. Chase, 208, 92. Cheedle, 55. Childs, 135, 219, 271, 7. Chipman, 295. Chittenden, 55. Church, 34, 9, 42, 6,^ 176, 265, 7, 9, 71. Clark, 24, 132, 5, 6, 8, 254, 07, 9, 95, 7, 310. Cleveland, 83, 230, 84-6, 95, 7, 317. Clifford, 135. Cobb, 33, 150, 233, 66-9, 77, 86, 90, 1, 7. Cobleigh. 47, 264, 5. Coburn, 130, 283. Coleborn, 11. Collins, 83, 102, 231, 97, 3U, 15. Colton, 20, 139. Comee, 288. 548 INDEX OF NAMES. Conant, 92, 149, 278, 97. Conkev, U2, 152, 286. Convers, 127, 8, 36, 81, 93, 263, 9, 71, U5. Cook, 31, 215. Cooper, 13, 50, 146, 84, 6, 219, 26, 49, 315, 17, 18. Cox, 56. 170, 207, 89, 95. Cov, 11, 27. Crafts, 195, 6, 209. Croff, 231. Crosbv, 207, 33, 71. Crosley, 215, 35. Grossman, 271. Crowell, 50, 205, 71, 4, 7, 8, 97. Cuinmings, 159, 268, 74, 88, 97. Curtis, 4, 6, 9, 10, 12, 16, 18, 30, 4, 56, 159, 268, 97. Gushing, 273. Gushman, 274. Cutler, 34, 120, 32, 49, 206, 7, 40-2, 52, 3, 8, 80, 91, 307, 13-19. Damon, 213. Dana, 199. Danforth, 92, 95-106, 49, 58, 291, 2, 5, 316, 18. Davenport, 24. Davice, 132. Davis, 18, 34, 132, 52, 283, 8. Dav, 132. Dean, 56, 232, 69, 71, 4, 9, 85, 95, 7, 316, 18. Delano, 168, 2.58. Dennis, 135, 276, 9, 86, 313- 17. Dennv, 132, 55. Devlin, 285. Dexter, 67, 83, 104, 21, 3, 35, 6, 41, .59, 69, 94, 219, 52, 3, 65-71, 4, 89, 90, 4, 5, 312, 16. Dickinson, 310. Doane, 228, 264, 5. Doiid, 255. Doddrid-e, 255. Dodds, 152. Doclittle, 159,71,9.3,241,95, 316. Doty, 132, 266, 71, 6, 8, 9, 95. Douglass, 34, 9, 286. Draper, 16-20, 30, 4, 174. Dudley, 10, 24, 5, 30, 4; 7. Dunimer, 24. Dunn, 283. Dunsmore, 269, 74. Dunster, 185. Dwire, 297. Earl, 276, 92. Eastman, 240, 53, 312, 14- 16, 19. Eaton, 217, 25, 55, 6. Eddv, 272. Edes, 74. Edson, 21, 2, 277. Edmands, 284. Edwards, 183, 225. Egery, 83, 121, 41, 253, 79, 91, 316. Ellis, 264. Elwell, 135, 59, 230, 1, 67, 9, 77, 8, 86, 97. Emmons, 284. Ernst, 283. Estabrook, 132. Evans, 271. Eyres, 11. Farlow, 11. Farr, 50, 159, 65, 8, 278. Fassett, 52, 5, 228. Fav, 31, 50, 3-5, 83, 8, 92, 3, 132, 59, 88, 217, 25, 28-32, 40, 1, 9, 53, 04-74, 77-9, 90, 1, 5-7, 314-18. Felt, 114. Field, 149, 52, 228, 30, 8, 42, 74, 97. Fish, 219, 316. Fisher, 138. Fiske, 50, 199, 207, 28. 49. Fl;igg, 135, 2.33, 57, 90, 6. Fletcher, 240, 71, 314. Flint, 261. Forbes, 295. Forbush, 269, 71, 3, 7, 97. Foreland, 277. Forsyth, 255. Foster, 180, 1, 91, 9, 207, 20, 67, 72, 80, 315, 17, 18. Fowler, 138. Fraker, 297. Franklin, 254. Freeman, 55, 6, 135, 59, 84, 249, 55, 05-70, 4, 7, 90, 5, 6. Freiker, 271. French, 11, 132, 255, 71, 93, 7. Frink, 182. Frothingham, 83, 221-3. Fuller, 217, 57, 69. Gage, 81, 94, 209. Gale, 131, 6. Gamblin, 10, 18, 29, 34, 179, 80. Gardner, 16-18, 29, 34, 90, 5, 102, 3. Gatchell, 36, 40, 265. Gerry, 282. Gibbs, 264. GifRn, 271, 4, 8, 97. Gilbert, 145, 54, 231, 6, 7, 58, 64, 8, 74, 6, 91, 4, 7, 305-7, 16. Gill, 74, 102. Gillett, 35, 40, 2, 176. Gihnore, 277. Gilson, 34. Gitchell, 36, 40, 265. Glazier, 159, 231, 2,66, 7, 71, 96. Gleason, 135, 238, 42, 55, 313. Goddard, 265. Goldsburv, 106, 6$, 73, 211, 52, 01." Goldthright, 34. Goodspeed, 263, 9, 71, 4, 80, 96. ? Gordon, 236. Gore, 285. Gorham, 104, 35, 53, 66-72, 4, 6, 8, 9, 96. Gould, 316, 17. Granger, 233, 87, 8. Gra}', 90, 5, 8, 102, 3. Green, 18-20, 70, 264, 7, 75. Greenleaf, 126. Greenongh, 310. Greenwood, 261. Grib, 288. Gridley, 78. Griffin, 34, 7. Griffith, 34, 7, 8, 315. Grosh, 233. Gurney, 236. Hack, 288. Haldimand, 53, 54. Hale, 132. Hall, 55, 132, 225, 54, 5. Hamilton, 257. Hammond, 40, 159. 254, 84. Hancock, 67, 89, 140. Hanmer, 132, 270, 97. Hapgood, 11. Harding, 207, 10. Hardwicke, 41. Harmon, 253, 316, 19. Harper, 280. Harrington, 36, 40, 5, 208, 77, 309, 18. Harris, 135, 275. Harwood, 34, 52, 159, 225, 8, 9. Haskell, 24, 5, 30, 4, 6, 40, 2, 7, 5(5, 7, 83, 90, 121, 35, 46, 66, 74, 220, 30, 2, 8, 67-72, . 4, 5, 8, 90, 310. 'vHaskins, 135, 278, 92. Hastings, 83, 116, 23, 253, 66-71, 4, 9, 90, 0, 312-17. Hatch, 91, 159, 88, 267, 77, 8, 97, 316. Hathawav, 230, 1, 76. Haven, 242. Hawes, 47. Hayford, 277. Hazeltine, 87, 127, 31, 6, 41, 61, 207-70, 4, 89, 96. Hedge, 159, 238, 49, 67-72, 4, 8, 96, 315, 17. Hemenwaj', 267. Henderson, 266. Hickev, 288. Higgins, 47, 101, 70, 226, 30, 2, 08-71, 4, 88, 97. Hill, 154, 284. Hillman, 144. Hinds, 149, 208. Hinkley, 149, 233, 52-55, 8, 68, 77, 90, 6, 314-19. Hitchcock, 239, 58. Hodges, 56, 209, 73, 4, 8, 9, 96. Holden, 277. Holland, 257. Holman, 136, 272, 9. Holt, 109, 73, 90-206, 52, 3. Homer, 286. Hopkins, 135, 202, 38, 77, 97. Houghton, 250. . Hovey, 33, 42. ^ Howard, 231, 96. Hoyt, 132, 237, 93. Hubbard, 254, 8. Hudson, 269, 97.' Hull, 280. Hume, 234. Hunt, 34, 5, 9, 152, 9, 267 „ 71, 4, 6, 7, 84, 90, 7. Hunter, 287. Hutchinson, 4-6, 9-11 24 „59 65,77,83,254. ' ^*' Huxford, 277. Hyde, 20. Ingersole, 35. INDEX OF NAMES. Lee, 29, loi, 207, 57, 79, 91 Lemoine, 278 ' ' ' "^ ^T7f'k^i-'''S-3'8,228,68, L.ncol„,^6, 80, 9, 119,21,2, ^"m:' ^^' ^' ^^^' 89, 96, Loring, 271, 97. Lucp 135, 270, 7,91,6. l^udduigton, 139. Lunt, 284. Lyman, 133. Lynde, 242, 313, 14, Lyon, 297. Lyscom, 267, 73, 97. 549 Monroe, 239, 74 317 Montague, 149, 228. ' Moore, 214, 35. Morgan, 159. Morton, 316. Moulton, 284. IMuldoon, 284, 5, Muiicton, 268. Munden, 277. Muri)hy, 288. l^Iurray, 138. Muttaump (Indian), 9 12 Jackson, 254. James (Indian), 16, 17, 26 Jefferson, 280-2. Jenkins, 257, 91. Jenks, 290. Jenney, 253, 74, 6, 7, 90, 1, Jennings, 52, 4, 229. Jennison, 36. Jewell, 215, 35. Johnson, 38, 83, 135 41 4 70, 80, 226, 30, 57, 74-7 80,90,6,7,316:18 ' Jones, 92, 126, 231, 2, 61. Jordan, 35, 9, 159, 233, 49 ^ 04, 5, 9, 71, 4, 96. Joslyn, 237. Judson, 194, 5. June, 277. Junius, 255. Keehood (Indian), 9. Keith, 173-5, 296. Kekquoquau (Indian), 15, 25- Kellogg, 138 96. Kelly, 149. Kendall, 318. Kenedy, 132. Kennon, 284. Kidder, 176. King, 21, 2. 255, 86. Kingman, 211. Kinnev, 269, 71, 96 ^l"3.'?5', l