THE SPANISH TRANSLATOR; 7 ■-■' PRACTICAL SYSTEM FOR BECOMING ACQUAINTED WITH THE SPANISH WRITTEN LANGUAGE, THROUGH THE MEDIUM OF THE ENGLISH. BY MARIANO CUBI I SOLER, PROFESSOR OF MODERN LANGUAGES IN THE COLLEGE OF LOUISIANA. "He that shortens the road to knowledge, lengthens life." — Colton. THIRD EDITION, WITH CORRECTIONS AND IMPROVEMENTS. BALTIMORE: FIELDING LUCAS, JR. 170 MARKET STREET. r4> Entered, according to the Act of Congress, in the year one thousand eight hundred and forty-one, by Fielding Lucas, Jr. in the Clerk's office of the District Court of Maryland. To WILLIAM GWYNN, Esq. If gratitude may be expressed by the dedication of book, allow me, sir, to prefix your name to this work The warm interest you manifested for my success, when success was doubtful; the sincere friendship with which you honoured me, when friends were necessary, — have left upon my mind an impression not to be obliterated. For a long time have I laboured to facilitate the acqui- sition of my native language to this great nation. Your friendly counsels have often re-animated my ardour, when almost exhausted by continued efforts; and, in this last production, your kind suggestions have frequently guided me in the arduous task. Receive it then as a tribute of my friendship. Could its success correspond with my in- tentions, it might prove a worthy testimonial of the regard, with which I remain, Sir, Your obedient, Humble servant, MARIANO CUBI I SOLER. The author of this work has recently published a * fourth edition of his SPANISH GRAMMAR. Of this Grammar the North American Review, the Baltimore Gazette, and the United States Literary Gazette, have spoken in the following terms. From No. XL VII. of the North American Review. " The author has shown much ability, both in regard to the methodi- cal arrangement of his materials, and the clear expositions he has given of the principles and difficulties in the grammatical construction of the language. His views are well explained in the Preface, from which it is evident that he has studied the subject with care, and gained much practical knowledge from experience. In the full conjugations and copious list of irregular verbs, and in the illustration of all the rules of syntax by explanations, remarks, and well chosen examples, this Grammar is decidedly superior to any we have seen. This we deem particularly worthy of notice, because the success of the learner in studying Spanish, as perhaps almost every other language, depends very much on the readiness with which he may become acquainted with the verbs and syntax. That terrible crux to all beginners the different uses of the verbs ser and edar, the author has laboured with earnestness and ingenuity to remove. He has explained the difficulty with as much clearness, probably, as the nature of the subject will admit. " Mr. Cubi has published in this country a small Spanish Dictionary, compiled from the best authorities, designed as a manual for learners ; and also Selections from classical Spanish writers. Within the last year he has published a Grammar in Spanish, intended for the South American market. To a gentleman of his talents, zeal, and industry, we cannot but wish a success proportioned to his ardour and exertions." *The sixth edition with corrections and improvements has been recently issued by the publisher of the Translator. Vlll From the Baltimore Gazette. " The second edition of this elementary work has just issued from the press, and were it not for the title page, might pass for an entire new work. Mr. Cubi has had the advantage of much experience as an instructor in the language, since the first puplication of his Grammar. He appears to have minutely noted the difficulties experienced by his numerous scholars, and has explained them in the most satisfactory manner. Those great obstacles to the rapid progress of the student, the irregular verbs, the difference between ser and estar, and the per- sonal pronouns, are removed by the ample elucidations of the author. The alphabetical list of the former, the full explanation and copious notes on the latter, make them plain to the dullest comprehension. "Some questions of pronunciation have likewise been investigated, on which much dispute formerly existed. The disposition of the ex- ercises has been altered materially for the better. The declensions of the nouns and verbs are all of them translated, which is essentially necessary for the English learner ; and what is invaluable to a person who wishes assistance in translating, and who is prosecuting the study of the language by himself, a copious Index of each point treated of in the work is added. This last is of itself an improvement entitling the second edition to great praise. In every point of view, this work may be looked upon as by far the best now before the public for the useful purposes for which it is intended." From the United Stales Literary Gazette. « Mr. Cubi has made many important additions and improvements in his second edition, which give evidence of much care and exertion ; and we cheerfully recommend it to all, who are desirous of obtaining a thorough knowledge of the Spanish language." PREFACE.* In proportion as mankind advance towards refinement and elegance, the study of languages appears to become more useful and necessary. Many of the sciences owe their origin to the ancients, and a great part of the most sublime existing literature has been handed down to us from the remotest periods. We see, on the other hand, that as political revo- lutions give rise to new interest and idioms, and the spirit of improvement is continually extending the range of discovery, the mutual relation between the different parts of the globe occupies a wider space, and becomes more important. The means of intellectual improvement are also very much increased by a knowledge of languages. A great man has not yet been found, whose energies were not roused, or whose talents were not improved, by some model of literary or scientific excellence. Models of this kind have multiplied, as languages have increased. He who, five hundred years since, to become an orator, could only resort to a Demos- thenes or a Cicero, has now, in addition, a Burke and a Pitt — a Bossuet and a Massillon — a Granada and a Leon. In the same manner, the merchant, whose speculations were confined within the narrow limits of his city, or of his coun- try, may now carry them to the extremities of a world, at that time, unknown. * This Preface, with some very slight variations, was prefixed to the first and second editions of this work. 2 X PREFACE. Impressed with these reflections, it soon occurred to the author, that immense benefits would result, if, by some sim- ple method, the acquisition of languages could be facilitated. Translation, being considered that branch in the study of a language, on which all others depend, became the first object of his attention. His thoughts were consequently engrossed by a plan, which, while it would be suited to the tender and growing capacity of youth, would also afford every possible facility to any one, who should wish to prose- cute the study of a language. With views like these, the author did not venture on his undertaking, until he had availed himself of every suggestion which he could obtain from experienced professors, or eminent individuals — until he had made a study of every system of translation, distin- guished by any useful invention — until he had followed the student, step by step, through the crowd of difficulties and perplexities, which frequently beset his path and impede his progress. This plan has been first applied to the Spanish, this being the language of more immediate importance to this extensive community. That this new system will perfectly correspond to the purposes for which it is intended, the author will not pretend to determine. He will, notwithstanding, explain the nature and arrangement of his labours, that some conclusions may be formed concerning their practical utility. As progress, however rapid, is gradual, and the mind of man, however stupendous, improves by degrees, the author has commenced his work by some easy moral lessons. These are followed by a few instructive anecdotes, accounts of heroic actions, and sprightly witticisms, all noted for purity and simplicity of style. Now the student is supposed to have acquired some knowledge of the mechanism of translation, and he enters into narrations. After narrations, come descrip- tions, portraits, and characters, which, being more brilliant in language, are also more difficult to translate. Speeches, com- PREFACE. XI parisons, invocations, are compositions of a higher order than the former, and have therefore been placed next in suc- cession. The work then concludes by some allegories, fictions, and a few select pieces of poetry, which increase the collection to nearly one hundred and fifty pages. It being one part of the design of this work to form the taste of the student, few extracts have been admitted into it which are not master-pieces in their kind, and did not come from the pen of Granada or Cervantes — Solis or Quevedo — Gracian or Garcilaso — Mariana or Feijoo — Saavedra or Me- lendez — Olavides or Cadalso. These are proud ornaments of the Spanish literature, and it is in the immortal works of these authors chiefly, that the language is found in its native splendour and idiomatic purity. The author will now proceed to state the method he has used, to place, through the medium of these models, the translating of the Spanish idiom, within the reach of the American or English student. The difficulty in distinguishing the verb in all its various ramifications of moods, tenses, and persons, from other parts of speech, has often been found to impede the progress of young students. Hence, perhaps, arise the reluctance with which they sometimes attempt, and the facility with which they frequently relinquish, the study of a foreign language. To obviate this inconvenience, all the verbs which occur in this work have been printed in Italic characters. Every language, if compared with another, will present many uncommon modes of expression, known under the appellation of idioms. Of these, no useful selection can be made. They are subject to constant modification, and, ac- cording to their position in a sentence, to a variety of mean- ings. Every nicety of idiom has its peculiar place, and the most elegant expression, if not appropriately applied, may become an inaccuracy of language. Detached modes of expression, are, therefore, like detached words, which, if we XII PREFACE. cannot connect and use, the greater number we acquire, the • more they encumber the mind. To obviate the difficulties which this part of the language presents to the beginner, every nicety of expression, or intricacy of grammar, has been fully explained as it occurs. Thus theory is joined to practice, and those obstacles, which, so long as they are not removed by oral explanation, throw even the most zealous student into languor and despondency, will, in this work, form new incentives for the prosecution of his labours. In noting the difficulties which the learner encounters, as he advances in a language, none has more forcibly struck the author, than the unavoidable deficiency of dictionaries. Participles and tenses of verbs constitute a considerable por- tion of a language ; yet they are not, nor can they be, in- cluded in any lexicon, unless it be swollen to an unwieldy size. If the student happens, therefore, to have forgotten the root of any branch of a verb, which the most tenacious memory will not always retain, he is immediately bewil- dered. Proper names present also no inconsiderable bar to his improvement. The meaning of a whole sentence fre- quently depends on an accurate knowledge of a fictitious personage, or an unknown writer — of a remote river, or an obscure place. These words are generally spelled differ- ently in various languages, and even when they happen to agree, they sometimes cannot be found in immense encyclo- paedias. Parsing is allowed, by all professors, to be the only means, by which, in translation, any solid advancement can be made. Yet every experienced instructor knows, that, in the only manner in which grammars and dictionaries are or perhaps can be made, the meaning of a page must be known before it can be parsed. We are, therefore, deprived of the means, which, in the acquisition of a language, are considered the most effectual ; and the beginner is led into a labyrinth, the moment he is obliged to understand through the medium of analysis. PREFACE. Xlll To be thus entangled in any one of these intricacies, creates in young learners, unless endued with superior powers, that disgust at application, that feeling of distress, which is so apparent when they are called on to study. If, under these circumstances, the instructor is one of those who think that youth must learn by intuition, and instead of clear explanations, employs rude usage, the young student is left to linger for years, afraid of his preceptor and appalled by his task. It has long been the wish of the author, and it is now the chief design of this work, to remove all these obstacles. He has, therefore, used means, which, it is fondly hoped, will be found equal to the object. Every word contained in the extracts, whether proper or common, primitive or derivative, has been carefully selected, and alphabetically arranged. The author has been particularly careful to give a full analysis of every part of speech. Thus, in the pronouns, the case in which they are used, and the source from which they are derived, have been explained. As to the participles, not only the verb from which they have been formed, will be found, but whether they are absolute or used as adjectives, as substantives, or in any other way. Respecting the verbs, every particular concerning them has been fully given. On a certain vowel of every Spanish word, consisting of more than one syllable, an emphatic stress is laid. This vowel is sometimes distinguished by an acute accent ; but, in general, no sign whatever is given. That the student may never be at a loss to know on what vowel to lay this stress, so important in the acquisition of the Spanish language, every word contained in the Vocabulary has been regularly accented. Fully convinced that it is through the medium of our understanding alone, that we can attain any knowledge, the author has always explained, never performed, the task of the student. Hence, it will invariably be found, in this work, 2* XIV PREFACE. that facilities cease, when application becomes necessary. A student may, for example, find the full meaning of every word, and the explanation of every difficulty ; still these are but auxiliaries to his conception of the meaning of a sen- tence, — the meaning of a sentence has not been conceived for him. Perfection, however desired, has not probably been at- tained in the execution of a work, in which, from a confused mass of words, an alphabetical list was to be formed, and, from a maze of idiomatic perplexity, clearness and perspi- cuity were to be produced. Some words contained in the extracts, may have been omitted in the vocabulary — some may have been misplaced — and some may have been printed in Roman or Italic characters, when the contrary should have been done. A few difficulties of idiom might perhaps have been better elucidated^ and a few intricacies of grammar, more clearly explained. These, however, are defects of very little importance ; they are seleom noticed ; and when they are, they can readily be supplied. To conclude these few remarks, the author will observe, that, in this undertaking, it has been his ardent desire to be useful. Whether amidst the great number of his professional avocations, this wish has merely been a pleasing delusion to beguile his literary toil, or a hope which experience will realize, the event must decide. TABLE OF CONTENTS. MORAL LESSONS. Prud£ncia, ....... Felics Verela. 25 Justicia, •••• idem. 26 Fortaleza, idem. 27 Templanza, * idem. 27 Benevolencia, . idem. 28 Conmiseracion, ..•••♦.. idem. 28 Beneficencia, idem. 29 Ira, • 4 idem. 29 Desesperacion, . idem. 29 Venganza, idem. 30 Tristeza, idem. SO Alegria, . idem. 3 Modestia, idem. 31 Inquietud, idem. 31 Injenuidad, idem. 32 Esperanza, . C*** # 82 Urbanidad, C***. 33 XVI CONTENTS. ANECDOTES. P4-GB Henrique Octavo, Cedlio de C&rpas. 34 El Anrigo Fiel, idem. 35 El Nino Gachon, idem. 36 El Hombre Benefico, idem. 37 El Viejo Relijioso, idem. 40 Juanot i Colin, . idem. 42 Valor de la Amistad, idem. 45 La Constancia del Amor, . . . Jose Antonio Conde. 49 WITTICISMS AND TALES. El Valiente Ufano, Jeronimo Feijoo. 53 El Medico Tunante, idem. 5a Respuesta de Uno al Provisor, ...... 55 La Larga Peticion, Jeronimo Feijoo. 55 El Estudiante i las Truchas, idem. 56 Estratajema de un Cura, idem. 57 SELECT SENTENCES. Various Authors, 59 to 62 HEROIC ACTIONS. Humanidad del Czar, Jeronimo Feijoo. 63 Integridad del Mariscal de Eb;e, idem. 63 Heroicidad de Guzman el Bueno, . Manuel Jose Quintana. 64 Serenidad de Carlos Doce, .... Jeronimo Feijoo. 67 Desinteres de Alibeg, idem. 68 Lealtad i Constancia de Los Saguntinos, . . Jlscargorta. 70 CONTENTS. XV11, NARRATIONS. PAGE Mansedumbre de Jesucristo, .... Pablo Olavides. 72 Penitencias de los Bracmanes, .... Jeronimo Feijoo. 73 Penitencias de los Auiidas, idem. 74 Las Artes Divinatorias son Ridiculas, . . . idem. 75 Comodidades del Rico i del Pobre, .... idem. 76 El No Se Que, idem. 77 Debemos Recorrer Nuestras Acciones, . . Lms de Granada. 78 Amemos la Virtud, . . . . * « i idem. 79 Calamidades de la Alemania, Borgona, i Lorena, 5 ^^Falardo ° 80 Como se descubre el Injenio de los Ninos, . . . idem. 81 Invasion de los Moros en Espana, . . . Juan de Mariana. 82 Reino de Navarra, . . . . . . idem. 83 Espanoles Antiguos i Modernos, idem. 84 Sitio i Produccion de la Isla de Ceilan, [ Bartol %f i £%™ rd " d ° 86 Tres Acciones forman la Historia de America, Antonio de Solis. 87 Muerte de Majiscatzin, . . . . . . . idem. 88 Encuentro de Jil Bias con Chinchilla, Jil Bias. 89 La Casada i la Relijiosa, Luis de Leon. 90 En que consiste la verdadera dicha humana, . Garcia Malo. 92 Destierro del Conde-Duque, Jil Bias. 94 Historia de Espana, Jose Cadalso. 95 DESCRIPTIONS. Juicio Final, Luis de Granada. 99 Moradores Celestiales, . idem. 101 La Inmensidad del Senor, idem, 102 XV111 . CONTENTS. PAGB Monte de la Virtud, ..... Jeronimo Feijoo. 103 Caracter de Chaves, i sus Tertulianos, . . . Jil Bias. 104 Primer Salida de Don Quijote, . . Miguel de Cervantes. 107 Retrato de Crisostomo, idem. 108 Ei Famoso Ladron Moinpodio, idem. 108 Edad de Oro, . . . idem. 109 La Jitanilla Preciosa, ....*.. idem. Ill Don Quijote a Sancho Dormicio, idem. 112 Situation Pasada de Galatea, idem. 113 La Pobreza, . . idem. 114 Fernando Rei de Aragon, .... Juan de Mariana. 115 Don Alvaro de Luna, idem. 116 Pedro el Cruel, ♦ idem. 117 Paralelo entre la Paz i la Guerra, . Diego Saavedra Fajardo. 118 SPEECHES AND ADDRESSES. ' Razonamiento de Baucio Capeto, . . Juan de Mariana. 120 Venecia Libre, i Venecia Esclava, . . Jose Joaquin de Mora. 121 Razonamiento de Don Pelayo, . . . Juan de Mariana. 122 Pintura de la Inquisition, . . . Ruiz Padron. 123 Eshortacion de Opas a Don Pelayo, . . Juan de Mariana. 125 Razonamiento de Montezuma a Cortes, . . Antonio de Solis. 125 Razonamiento de Carlomagno, . . . Juan de Mariana. 127 Invocacion al Todopoderoso, .... Pablo Olavides. 128 La Muerte, idem. 130 Poder de) D^seo de Gloria, . . . Miguel de Cervantes, 130 CONTENTS. XIX ALLEGORIES AND FICTIONS. PAGE Historiadores Clasicos Antiguos, . . Diego Saavedra Fajardo. 132 Encuentro de un Argos Moral, . . . BaUasar Gracian. 133 Heino de la Inmortalidad, . . . idem. 135 POETRY. Quejas de Nemoroso, .... Garcilaso de la Vega. 138 La Soledad, . . . . . Juan Melendez Valdes. 139 Las Flores, . . . idem 141 VOCABULARY, * 149 TRADUCTOR ESPANOL. MORAL LESSONS. PRUPENCIA. La prudencia indica al 2 h ombre lo que 3 debe 4 elejir^ prac- licar, i omitir en cada circunstancia. Esta virtud no se 5 dquiere sino por la reflecsion continua que llega a 6 ha- ernos 7 habituar a juzgar bien. Procuremos conocer las 8 1 For rules on reading, orthography and accent of the Spanish Lan- guage, see the Author's Grammar, from p. 14 to p. 23. Whenever the student is referred to Grammar in this book, it must always be under- stood that of the Author, (5th or 6th Edition) entitled, 6 A New Spanish Grammar, adapted to every Class of Learners. By Mariano Cubi i Soler. 2 M, contraction of a el 'to the.' Nouns used in a general sense re quire the article in Spanish. — See Grammar, R. II. p. 121. 3 Lo que, 'that which,' 'what.' 4 El, 'he,' understood before debe. — See Grammar, R. XXII. note 1. p. 157. 5 No se adquiere, literally, 'acquires not itself,' but it means really 'is not acquired.' See Grammar, Observations on Se, sec. 2, p. 165. 6 Llega a, idiomatic, 'which at last.' 7 Hacernos, makes us. Nos, os, le, la, lo, les, las, me, te, se, objective personal pronouns, are placed after infinitives, imperatives and present participles, forming with them one single word. — See Grammar, Synt. R. XXIII. p. 159. 8 Las cosas, 'things.' Nouns used in a general sense take the article in Spanish. — See note 2. 3 36 MORAL LESSONS. cosas como son en si, i no como las pintan los h ombres, 9 i entonces podremos hacer buen uso de ellas. Sin embargo 10 es preciso estar al tanto de 11 las atenciones de los otros para dirijir nuestras operaciones respecto a ellos. Felics Varela. JUSTlCIA. La justicia nos prescribe dar a cada uno lo que le corres- ponde; i es la virtud que sostiene la sociedad. Debemos pues no privar & otro de los bienes, honor, i credito que posee, i tampoco se han de negar 12 los premios i alabanzas que cada uno merece. Asi mismo 13 es preciso correjir los 14 defectos, i castigar los 14 delitos; pero de un modo 15 arreglado a 16 la prudencia, en terminos 17 que siempre se produzca 18 un 9 Las 2 pintan 2 los hombres, 1 * 'men represent them.' The subject may, generally, go either before or after the verb in Spanish. — See Grammar, p. 140 ; and R. XXII. p. 157. 10 Sin embargo, 'notwithstanding ' 11 Estar al tanto de, idiomatic, 'to understand.' 12 Se han de negar, idiomatic, 'are to be refused.' Haber de, means, •to be to,' 'must.' — See Grammar, p. 206. Se, is frequently used, as it is in this case, to form the passive voice. — See Grammar, Observations on Se, sec. 2, p. 165. 13 Asx mismo, 'also,' 'in the same manner.' 14 It must be remembered that the article is expressed in Spanish, but not in English, before nouns used in a general sense. 15 De un modo, 'in a manner.' 16 Arreglado a, 'comformable to,' 'agreeable to.' 17 En terminos, is synonimous of de un modo, 'in a manner.' 18 Se produzca, instead of sea producido, 'be produced,' because, as it has already been observed in note 5 and 12, se, in Spanish, is fre- quently used to form the passive voice. — See Grammar, Observation 2, p. 165. * The numbers put to Spanish words in the notes, show the position they occupy in the sentence, when translated into English. MORAL LESSONS. 27 bien; que el castigo no esceda 19 al delito, ni el premio, al merito. Felics Varela. FORTALEZA. La fortaleza sostiene al hombre 30 en los peligros ; le ensefla a sufrir los males; a no vacilar en la abundancia de los bienes ; i a emprender graudes obras. Pero es preciso que no dejenere en temeridad, 6 mejor dicho, 21 en barbarie ; pues hai muchos que creen que son fuertes porque se esponen a todos los peligros sin necesidad, i buscan, por decirlo asi, 29 los males, para ostent.ar que puedon sufrirlos. Otros desti- erran de su alma la compasion ; otros aspiran al barbaro ejercicio de sus fuerzas contra sus semejantes, como lo harian entre si los animales mas feroces, 23 i esto creen que es la virtud de la fortaleza. jQue engaiiados viven! Toda virtud es racional i no puede inspirarnos* 4 operaciones tan brutales. Felics Varela. TEMPLAJN'ZA. La templanza pone unos justos limites a todos nuestros apetitos para que 25 no se opo?igan 26 a lo que dicta la razon, i 19 No esceda, 'do not exceed.' Do, is not used in Spanish to express the negative action of verbs. — See Grammar, p. SO and 190, note at bottom. 20 Al hombre, 'man.' An objective case, governed by a verb, if it be a being, or an object personified, is invariably preceded by the preposi- tion a, 'to.' — See Grammar, R. LIY. p. 214. 21 O mejor dicho, 'or rather.' 22 Por decirlo asi, idiomatic, 'as it were.' 23 Como lo 6 harian 5 entre 7 si 8 los 1 animates* mas- feroces 3 , as the most ferocious animals would do it among themselves. 24 The subject in Spanish goes either before or after the verb. — See Grammar, p. 140, R. XXII. p. 157 and note 9. 25 Para que, synonymous with a fin de que, 'to the end that,' or simply 'that.' 26 No se opongan, 'they may not oppose themselves,' 'they may not be contrary to.' 28 MORAL LESSOXS. mcuida la lei, smkndo asi mismo 27 para conservar la safud. No solo en los manjares, como se crcc 2S por lo comun, 29 sino tambien en ios deleites de los demas sentidos, tierce cabida 30 la templanza. Nos cnse/la 31 a usar los placeres como medios para aliviar nuestro espiritu ; i no como objetos en que debe Jijarse nutstra alma. 32 Felics Varela. BENEVOLENCIA. La benevolencia produce en nosotros una sensacion apaci- ble, i en los demas, aprecio; pues todos avian al que 33 desea los bienes para sus semejantes. Sin embargo, es preciso que no dejenere en una absoluto condescendencia, i un deseo de que todos consigan lo que apeteccn, ora sea justo, ora sea injusto. Felics Varela. CONMISERACION. La conmiseracion es como el distintivo de la humanidad, pues solo las fleras no se resienten de los estragos de sus semejantes, ni ponen termino a su furor. Pero es preciso no confundir la conmiseracion con la 74 debilidad que pretende dejar impunes los delitos i protejer al 35 malevolo. Felics Varela. 27 Asi inismo, idiomatic, 'at the same time,' 'likewise. 5 28 Se cree, believes itself, i. e. 'it is believed,' se being used in Spanish to form the passive voice. 29 Por lo comun, idiomatic, 'commonly,' 'generally.' 30 Tiene cahirta, may be contained, i. e. 'may be used.' 31 Nos ensena, 'it teaches us.' The subject ella, 'it,' is understood in Spanish. Personal pronouns, as subjects of verbs, are only used in a few cases. — See Grammar, R. XXII. note 1, p. 157. 32 Debe fijarse nuestra alma, 'our soul should be absorbed.' The sub- ject in Spanish goes either before or after the verb. — See Grammar*, p. 140 ; and R. XXII. p. 197. 33 Jll que, 'him who-' — See Grammar, note 2, p. 181. 34 La, that.— See Grammar, R. XXXVI. note 1, p. 182. 35 See why it is al, and not el.— See Grammar, R. LIV. p. 214, and note 20. MORAL LESSONS BENEFIC£NCIA. 29 La beneficencia nos hace amables, pero sera indiscreta, si distribuimos los benef icios sin consideracion a las personas f 9 pues muchas veces se conceden dones 37 a sujetos que no han de 38 hacer uso de ellos, i son inu tiles ; 6 a personas que les dan mala applicacion i vienen a ser 29 perjuiciales. Felics Varela IRA. La ira convierte al hombre en una fiera, privandole de todo, el uso de su razon. Basta decir esto para entenderse que debe ser reprimida. Sin embargo, hai una ira santa que es la que escita™ en un espiritu arreglado, la vista del crimen, i la obstinacion del criminal. En tal caso debe arreglarse por la lei divina i humana, para no perder el amor natural que debe- mos a todo hombre, por el odio que merece el vicio. Amemos al malo i aborrezcamos su maid ad ; pero mientras no se cor- rija manifestemosle el rigor que merece. Felics Varela. DESESPERACION. La desesperacion siempre es irracional, i jamas tiene funda- mento. El hombre debil, el hombre de un espiritu bajo, es el que no puede sufrir los males, i se desespera. 41 Siempre la 36 Las personas, 'persons,' 'men.' The article is placed in Spanish before nouns expressive of a whole class, or species, or genus. — See Grammar, R. II. p. 120, and note 5, 12, 18, 28. 37 Se conceden dones, 'favours are granted.' Se is used, in Spanish, to express the passive voice.— See Grammar, note 2, p. 165. 38 No han de, 'are not to.' 39 Vienen a ser, idiomatic, 'become, 5 'turn out.' 40 Place escita after criminal, its subject ; at the end of the sentence. 41 Se desespera, 'despairs himself,' that is, 'despairs.' Neuter verbs in English, are sometimes reflective in Spanish, and vice versa, 3* 30 mohal lessons. desesperacion proviene de ignorancia, pues no se advierten 4 * los medios de evitarla. 6 praporcionarl^ 43 i en consecuencia el espiritu se embrutece. Felics Varela VENGANZA. Prueba la venganza tin alma debil i rastrera; porque ver- daderamente los males recibidos no se destruyen 44 con hacer otros iguales al que 45 los causo; i es una necia complacencia la de no seiitir 46 los males porque otro tambien los siente. Pero no se debe inferir de aqui 47 que el que hace an dano se quede impune ; pues hai el recurso de aplicarle la pena que merece, no por venganza, sino por correccion, para evitar que haga mayores daiios, Felics Varela. TRISTEZA. La tristeza debe moderarse 48 con todo empeno porque un alma triste es un alma decaida 6 abatida ; i en el abatimiento no pucden ejercerse 49 acciones grandes. Debemos considerar un espiritu triste como un cuerpo desfallecido, que apenas puede ejercer las acciones mas sencillas. Felics Varela. 42 No se advierien, do not perceive themselves, i. e, 'are not perceived.' Se, as frequently repeated, is used to form the passive voice. — Note 5, 12, 18, 28, 36. 43 The subject in Spanish goes either before or after the verb. — Note 23, 32. In translating the above phrase, construct it thus : los medios de evitarla 6 proporcionarla no se advierten. 44 No se destruyen, do not destroy themselves, i. e. 'are not destroyed.' 46 M que, 'him who. 5 — Grammar, R. XXXV. and note, p. 180-1. 46 La de no sentir, that of not feeling, i. e. 'not to feel,' 47 De aqui, 'hence.' 48 Debe moderarse, 'should be moderated.' 40 No pucden ejercerse, 'cannot be accomplished.' Moral lessons. 31 ALEGRlA. La alegria ecsalta al alma, i es como el gran resorte de sus operaciones 5 mas cuando es escesiva llega a trastornar el espiritu i le da cierta lijereza opuesta a la madurez i buen juicio. Conviene reflecsionar sobre la inconstancia de la alegria en el mismo acto en que la esperimentamos; esto ser* vird para moderarla, i hacemos menos sensible su perdida. Felics Varela. MODESTIA, Port freno a tu lengua para que las palabras que salgan de tu boca no alteren tu sosiego, i te proporcionen discordias. 50 Cualquiera que 51 hahla con gusto de las faltas ajenas, oird con dolor hablar de las suyas. No te alabes a ti 52 mismo porque no granjeas sino el menosprecio ; no procures hacer ridiculos a los otros, porque es peligroso emperio. Una burla picante es la ponzona de la amistad, i e] que no puede contener su lengua, no vivird con quietud, Un grand e hablador es el azote de las concurrencias ; se aflije el oido con su locuaci-* dad, i jeneralmente enfada i molesta; porque es su lengua como un torrente en que se anega la conversaciom Felics Varela. INQTJIETUD. Mir a el orijen de la inquietud que traes, i las desgracias de que te quejas, i verds que provienen de tu propia locura ; de tu amor propio ; 53 i de tu desarreglada imajinacion. Corrij 50 Te proportioned, discordias, 'bring discord upon you.' 51 Cualquiera que, 'whoever.' — See Grammar, p. 134, R. 8. 52 No te alabes a ti mismo, 'do not praise thyself.' Two pronominal objective cases are sometimes elegantly repeated. — Grammar, Observa- tion 2, p. 164. ^ Ainor propio, 'self-love. 9 3SJ MOIUL LESSONS. tu interior, i no murmur es del orden que Dios ha establecido No te digas jamas 54 a ti mismo, "Si tuviera hacienda, poder i reposo, yo seria feliz :" advierte que estas cosas tienen sus inconvenientes i daHan 4 los que 55 las poseen. No tengas envidia 56 al que goza una felicidad aparente, porque no conoces sus penas secretas. La mayor sabiduria es contentarse con poco; porque^ el que aumenta sus riquezas aumenta sus cui- dados. Felics Varela. INJENUIDAD* El hombre injenuo desprecia los artificios de la hipocresia; se pone de acuerdo 57 consigo mismo ; i jamas se embaraza en sus operaciones : tiene bastante valor para decir la verdad, i le falta bS para mentir. El hipocrita opera de un modo con- trario a sus sentimientos ; estd profundamente escondido : da a sus discursos las apariencias de verdad, mientras que 59 la unica occupacion de su vida, es el engano. Es incomprehen- sible para los necios, pero estd mui descubierto a la vista del prudente. ; O insensato hipocrita ! las fatigas que pasas para ocultar lo que eres, son mas grandes que las que costaria el conseguir lo que quieres parecer, Felics Varela. ESPERANZA. Es la esperanza Una de las facultades del alma, que mat sirven a hacemos felices en este mundo de miserias, cuando estd guiada por el juicio i la moderacion. Debemos pues 54 No te digas jamas a ti mismo, 'never say to thyself.' Two nega* tive adverbs are used in Spanish to express energetically the same nega- tion. — See Grammar, p. 222, note 4* 55 A los que, 'them or those who.' — Note 46. 56 No tengas envidia, 'envy not.' 57 Se pone de acuerdo, idiomatic, 'he agrees,' or 'is consistent.' 58 / le falta para mentir, 'and not enough.' — See FaUan, Grammar, p 269, near the bottom. 59 Mientras que, 'whilst,' 'at the same time that.' MORAL LESSONS. 33 desde naestra ninez cultivar este don celestial, que solo el puede aliviar nuestras desgracias, i dulc'^ficar la amarga copa de nuestras miserias. Pero al mismo tiempo es preciso que no abata nuestra actividad, 6 sirva de instrumento 60 para in terceptar nuestros esfuerzos. La esperanza ha de ser* ra- cional; no vana. Hagamos pues de nuestra parte 61 lo que se debe 62 para que se efectue lo que esperamos; 63 dejemos sr ecsito al Todo Poderoso Cubi. URBANIDAD. La urbaniclad es una obligacion que debe el hombre a sus semej antes en su trato con ellos. Es de la mayor impor- tancia, pues, que los padres inculquen esta idea a sus hijos desde la cuna. La urbaniclad pone, en gran medida, freno a nuestras pasiones ; i da, en el trato social, cierta delicadeza, que sin ella los hombres dejenerartan en brutos. No se limita este deber, como muchos creen, en una mera forma esterior, que se ha inventado parar obrar segun el estado de algunos indivicluos respecto de otros ; no, este deber va mucho mas lejos. Es una virtue! social, por medio de la dial se procara 64 siempre no obrar ni hablar de modo que repugne a los sentimientos de las personas con quienes iene- mos trato. Es la que ensefia al juez a ser recto con afabili- dad ; al jeneral, severo con ternura ; la que quita toda osten- tacion i orgullo al 65 ponderoso ; i la que inspvra a todos los hombres en jeneral a hacerae agradables por medios dulces, verdacleros i virtuosos. Cubi. 60 Sirva de instrumento para, 'be instrumental m. s * Ha de ser, 'is to be, 5 'must be.' — Note 12. 61 De nuestra parte, 'on our side.' 62 Lo que se debe, 'what is necessary, 5 'what must be done. 5 63 Construct the phrase thus : lo que esperamos se efectue 64 Se procura, 'it is endeavoured,' 'we endeavour.' 65 Al, 'from the.' Verbs of depriving require a 'to,' and not de, 'from. 5 ANECDOTES HENRIQUE OCTAVO. Indi spues to el rei de Inglaterra Henrique octavo con el rei de Francia, Francisco primero, resolvio e?wiarle un emba- jador encargado de decir a este principe palabras fieras i amenazadoras ; i para desempenar esta comision, elijib a 66 un obispo Ingles, en quien tenia mucha confianza, i creia mui a proposito 67 para la ejecucion de su proyecto. Luego que el prelado supo el objeto de su embajada, temeroso de perder 68 la vida, si trataba a Francisco primero del modo que querta su amo, le represento el peligro a que le esponia, rogdndole con instancia que le ecsonerase 69 de semejante comision. u Nada tanas," le replied Henrique octavo, "si el rei de Francia te quita la vida, 70 yo hare cortar 71 la cabeza a cuantos Fran- ceses se hallen 72 en mis estados." u Asi lo creo, senor," replied 66 A, 'to,' precedes, as it has been said in note 20, a being or thing personified in the objective case. 67 A proposito, 'adapted,' 'fit.' 68 De perder, 'of losing.' Prepositions require, in Spanish, the infini- tive, and not the present participle as they do in English. — Grammar, R. LII. note 1, p. 204. 69 Que le ecsonerase, 'to release him.' — See Grammar, R. LVI. note 4, p. 216. 70 Te quita la vida, takes away the life to thee, i. e. 'takes away thy life.' The article and the personal pronouns, and sometimes the article alone, are used, in Spanish, to designate the parts of the body, which, in English are pointed out, through the medium of the possessive pro- nouns. — See Observations, Grammar, p. 170-1. 71 Yo hare cortar, I shall order to cut, i. e. 'I shall order to be cut off.' Verbs of command require an active, not a passive infinitive, in Spanish See Grammar, R. LV. p. 215. 72 Se hallen, may find themselves, i. e. 'may be found.' — See note 5, 12, 18, 28, 36, 43. ANECDOTES. 35 el obispo, M pero permitidme os diga, que de cuantas cabezas hagais cortar, seguramente no habrd una siquiera que siente™ tan bien a mi cuerpo como la mia." 74 Cecilio de Corpas. EL AMIGO FIEL. Un hombre respetable, que habia hecho gran papel en Paris, quedb reducido a la indijencia, i solo se alimentaba de las limosnas de pan que de ocho en ocho 75 dias le mandahan de la parroquia. Un dia encargb le enviasen mayor cantidad ; llamole el cura, i le preguntb si vivta solo. " g Con quien qiiereiS) senor, que yo viva" le respondib, "cuando todo el mundo me ha abandonado ?" "Pues si estais solo," continub el cura, u i porque pedis mas pan del 76 necesario ?" Descon- certado el pobre, 77 confesb que tenia un perro. El cura le manifesto que el solo era un distribuidor del pan de los po- bres, i que la honradez ecsijia que se deshiciese de su perro. ■*I bien, senor," esclamb, u si le abandono, i quien me amaraV Enternecido el parroco, sacb la bolsa, i se 78 la d£6, diciendo: * ; Tomad, que esto me perteneceP Cecilio de Corpas. 73 Que siente, 'that will become.' Verbs expressive of fitness require to be in the subjunctive, in Spanish. — Grammar, R.LVI. note l,p. 216. 74 La mia, 'mine.' Mine, thine, &c. used as above, require to be preceded by the article, in Spanish. — Grammar, R. XXXVII. note 2, p. 169. 75 De ocho en ocho dias, idiomatic, 'every eight days.' 76 Del, 'than.' In this phrase que es, 'that which is,' is understood See when de means 'than.' — Grammar, note 2, p. 171. 77 El pobre, 'the poor man.' Adjectives qualifying man, or woman, are frequently used as substantives. In such cases the articles el, la, los, or las, is used. 78 Se la did, 'gave it to him.' Se means, sometimes, 'to it,' 'to him,' 'to her,' 'to them,' or 'to you.' — See Grammar, se, Observations 3, p. 165 36 ANECDOTES. EL NINO GACHON. Cierta senora tenia un hijo a quien no querza contradecir para que no se pusiese enfermo. Los parientes, amigos, i aun el mismo marido, le Meier on presente 79 que iba a perder al chico, mas todo fue inutil. Un dia oyb a su hijo llorar en el patio, con muestras de mucha colera. Al instante corre, i averigua que la causa 80 es negarle un criado 81 cierta cosa que le pedia : "Bien impertinente sois," le dijo la seiiora, "de 82 no dar al nino lo que os pide." "Afe mia, 5583 respondib el criado, "que* 4 bien puede llorar hasta manana ; que no la obteiidraP A estas palabras, la seiiora se encolerizb en terminos 85 que fue a buscar al marido para que castigase a aquel imprudente. Su 86 esposo, que era tan debil con su mujer, como esta con el hijo, grita al criado : 44 Insolente, ^ como teneis la desverg'denza de no obedecer a la sehora ?" u Es verdad, senor," contestb el criado, c mas la senora puede dar al nino lo que pide: hace un cuarto de hora 87 qiriere 88 le de la lima, que ha visto reflejada en la fuente." A estas palabras, todos se pusieron a reir, i lo mismo 89 la senora, no obstante su colera. Esta escena la avergonzb i corrijib en lo sucesivo. Cecilio De Corpas. 79 Le hicieron presente, idiomatic, 'manifested to her.' 80 De ello, 'of it,' understood. 81 Negarle un criado, 'that a servant refused to him.' 82 De, 'in.' Prepositions cannot always be literally translated. 83 Afe mia, 'by my faith,' 'by my troth.' 84 Que, is frequently redundant. Here it might just as well be left out 85 En terminos, 'so much,' 'in such a manner.' 8e By the context of the phrase the student will know when su, is to be translated by 'its,' 'her,' 'his,' 'their,' or 'your.' 87 Que, 'since,' understood. 88 Que yo, 'that I,' understood. 89 1 lo mismo, 'and also,' 'likewise.' ANECDOTES. EL HOMBRE BENEFICO. 37 Ibamos a Deifos, Licias i yo, 90 a llevar a Apolo nuestra ifrenda; ya divisdbamos la colina sobre que estd el templo, adomado de colunas de una maravillosa blancura, i elevado desde un bosque de laureles hacia la azulada boveda celeste. Mas lejos, nuestros ojos perdzan de vista la inmensa planicie de los mares. Era mediodia ; la arena nos abrasaba los pies, i a cada paso que ddbamos se levantaba una polvareda inflamada que nos quemaba los ojos, introduciendose por nuestros labios resecos. Asi ibamos subiendo 91 llenos de languidez ; mas mui pronto apresurdmos el paso, cuando percibz?nos delante de nosotros, sobre el borde del camino, algunos altos i espesos arboles, cuya sombra era tan 92 oscura como la de la noche. Llenos de un pavor relijioso entramos oor aquel sitio, cuya boca despedza una dulce frescura. Este delicioso lugar ofrecza a la vez cuanto podia recrear los sentidos, pues los arboles rodeaban una glorieta de ces- pedes, regada por una fuente de fresca i cristalina agua ; ramas cubiertas de peras i doradas manzanas se inclinaban hacia ella. La fuente salza a borbotones 93 del pie de un se- pulcro rodeado de madre de selva, sauces i yedra. u \ O Dios ! 55 esclame, u \ que delicioso lugar! Mi corazon bendice a aquel 94 cuya mano benefica ha plantado estos arboles, i cuyas cenizas puede ser reposen aqui." Ved aqui, me dijo Licias, algunos caracteres que percibo por entre las ramas en el borde del sepulcro : tal vez nos dirdn quien ha sido el que se ha dignado proveer al descanso del viajero fatigado. Xe- 90 Construct Licias i yo ibamos d Delfos. 91 Ibamos subiendo, c we were ascending.' — See Grammar, R. LII. note 5, p. 204. 92 Tan oscura como la, 'as dark as that of.' — See how comparisons and comparatives are translated in Spanish ; Grammar, p. 150-2. 93 A borbotones, c in bubbling streams.' 94 A aquel, 'him.'— Grammar, R. XXXV. and note p. 180-1. 4 38 ANECDOTES. vanto las ramas con su baston, i leyb estas palabras. 6 Aqui yacen las cenizas de Amintas. Su vida solo fue una progre- sion de beneficios. Queriendo seguir dispensandolos des- pues de su muerte, condujo esta fuente aqui, i plantb los arboles.' " j Bendita sea tu ceniza, hombre jeneroso, i todos los tuyos, 95 i cuanto te pertenezca /" Diciendo estas palabras vi a lo lejos, por entre los drboles y una persona que se acer- caba hacia nosotros ; era una joven mui bella que vettia a la fuente con un cantaro. u Yo os saludo" nos dijof 6 con una voz graciosa "vosotros sois estranjeros, i estais cansados 97 de lo mucho que habeis andado con el calor que hace. 9S Decidme g necesitais de otros refrescos que aqui no hayais encontrado ? u Te lo agradecemos" le dije yo, " si, te lo agradecemos, mujer amable i bienhechora; ^*que podremos desear ya ? El agua de esta fuente es tan pura, como las frutas deliciosas, i fresca la sombra. Estamos llenos de veneracion por el hom- bre de bien cuyas cenizas se Italian™ aqui; su beneficencia previno a todas las necesidades de los viajeros. ^ Tu paraces ser de este sitio ; le habrds conocido 100 sin duda. \ Ah ! dittos, mientras reposamos a la sombra, quien fue este hombre vir- tuoso." Entonces ella se sentb; puso el cantaro a su lado, i principib con una sonrisa graciosa de este modo : "Pues que deseais saber quien era el que yace en esa tumba, como hizo esta fuente i plantb los arboles,voi a dectr- oslo.* Amintas se llamaba 101 este hombre de bien. Ser fitil 96 Los tuyos, 'thine,' i. e. thy family, relations, &e. Note 74. 96 Nos dijo, 'said she to us.' 97 A causa, 'on account,' understood. 98 El calor que hace, 'this heat,' 'this warm weather.' 99 Se hallan, find themselves, i. e. 'are found,' 'repose.' 100 Le habrds conocido, 'you must have known him.' The future is used because the person who spoke was not sure that she had really known the old man. — See Grammar, R. XLIII. note 2, p. 196. * Deciroslo, 'to tell it to you.' — Grammar, R. XXIV. note, 1, p. 160 101 Se llamaba, called himself, 'was called,' 'was the name of ANECDOTES. 39 a los hombres i honrar a Dios, era su ocupacion mas dulce, 102 i no hai sitio alguino 103 en estos alrededores, donde su memoria no se reverencie 104 con ternura ; naclie, sin derramar lagrimas, puede contar los rasgos de su beneficencia i bondad. En sus ultimos dias, vema continuamente a sentarse aqui al lado del camino, i con su aire dulce i amable saluddba a los viajeros, ofreciendo refresco a los fatigados. ' 1 1 que V dijo un dia, 4 < si conduzco aqui una fuente i planto arboles fru tales, <; no aliviare mucho tiempo, aun despues de mi muerte, a los que, fatigados de los calores, Uegueri aqui en el mediodia ? La sombra i el agua estdn lejos de este sitio, es necesario ejecutar mi designio.' Efectivamente, el, con sus propias manos, gaio el agua, i planto los arboles; procu- rando que sus frutos madurasen en diferentes sazones. No ha tenido el gusto de t^erlos, mas se ha paseado bajo la na- ciente sombra de los arbustitos, que prendieron i crecieron en su tiempo. Cuando el cielo llamb su alma a si, para pre- miar su beneficencia, nosotros depositamos su ataud en esa tumba, para que cuantos pasasen hendijesen sus cenizas." A esta relacion, llenos de respeto, hendijimos las cenizas de aquel hombre estimable, diciendo a la pastora : " Esta fuente nos ha parecido bien dulce ; la frescura de la sombra nos ha recreado ; pero mucho mas nos ha sido interesante la narracion que acabas de hacemos. 105 jBendigan los Dioses tod os los instantes de tu vida!" Llenos de un afecto relijioso, dirijtmos nuestros pasos al templo de Apolo. Cecilio de Corpas. 102 Mas dulce, more sweet, i. e. 'sweetest.' — Grammar, R. XXI. p. 154. 103 No hai sitio alguno, 'there is no place.' — Grammar, Observation, p. 150. 104 No se reverencie, 'is not revered.' 105 Acabas de hacemos, 'you have just made to us 40 ANECDOTES. EL VIEJO RELIJIOSO. En la tarde de mi hermoso dia de verano, 106 salt a pasear para disfrutar la frescura del campo. A pocos pasos, perdz de vista mi heredad, i empezo a ensancharse mi espiritu 107 con los objetos que se 108 le presentabdn. Ya los ganados eniraban en sus rediles, i los bueyes con paso lento volvian a sus casas, cuando distraido me halle a la orilla de un Wo, bastante entrada 109 la noche. Co?itemplaba la hermosura de las aguas, la inmensa majestad del cielo, i el hermoso orden i armonia de los seres, cuando una voz me distrajo de mis meditaciones. Volvt la vista, i adverti cerca de mi a un re- spetable anciano de rodillas, que oraba vivamente. Fijc la atencion, i con el silencio, entendi estas palabras : "O tu, cuyo poder es infinito, padre de los hombres, desde ese trono sublime, rodeado de coros inumerables de espiritus puros, dignate escuchar a un debil mortal, i recibir sus home najes. u En medio del silencio de la noche elevo mi voz, i vengo a adorarte, intelijencia, eterna, que me has sacado de la nada "El universo, gran Dios, es tu tempi o, i los cielos inmensos la boveda de esta iglesia magnifica de que el hombre puro e inocente es el sacerdpte. u i Como, insensatos mortales, podeis desconocer esta sabi- duria visible i universal que gobierna el mundo. ^ Como, a la vista de los globos que circulan al rededor de las nubes, de los mares profundos, i de esos tesoros esparcidos con tanta profusion en la superficie de la tierra, olvidais a su Autor todo pocleroso ? 106 Dia de verano, 'summer day.' — Grammar, R. XV. note 2, p. 141. 107 Construct mi espiritu empezo a ensancharse. 108 Remember that se is used to form the passive voice. 109 Bastante entrada, 'sufficiently advanced.' Participles are fre- quently used in an absolute manner. — Grammar, R. LIII. note 4, p. 205. ANECDOTES* 41 u Yo te bendigo, Dios supremo, por haberme criado 110 en el campo, lejos de esas ciudades corrompidas, i de haberme apartado de todo orgullo i ambicion. Gracias a tu bondad paternal, gozo hace un siglo 111 de los verdaderos bienes de la vida, la paz del alma, i la feliz mediocridad* " Jamas ha$ cesado de pfodigarme los bienes de tu amor ; mis ultimos dias aun son marcados por tus beneficios ; abun- dantes mieses llenan mis graneros ; riegas mis praderias, i mis arboles estdn esentos de las furias del aire. Por colmo de felicidad, me has conservado mi esposa i los dos hijos que hacen la delicia de nuestros dias* ;Dios mio, nada deseo sino morir antes que ellos ! Lo conozco; toco el fin de mis dias; pronto mis cenizas se mezclardn 112 con las de mis padres ; cuando esto se verifique; yo os recomiendo mis hijos ] tened piedad de 113 su tierna madre ; velad sobre estos objetos caros ; 6 Dios mio, no los abandones jamas." Acabando estas palabras, sus ojos se banaron de 114 lagri* mas; profundos suspiros eshalaba su corazon, i apenas respi* raba. To crez ver entonces no se que 115 de divino brillar en aquel rostro. Levantose tranquilmente, i se retirb a su casa 5 donde yo le oi mucho tiempo continuar bendiciendo a Dios* Ya principiaba a clarear, los pajarillos anunciaban el dia con sus cantos alhagueiios ; el labrador salt a con su carreta, i yo, admirado de cuanto habia escuchado, me lev ante i volvi tranquilmente a mi heredad. Cecilio de Corpas. no p or haberme criado, 'for having brought me up.— Note 68. 111 Gozo hace un siglo de, or, hace un siglo que gozo de, 'it is an age since I enjoy,' or, 'I have been enjoying for an age.' — Grammar, R. XL* note 2, p. 193. 112 Se mezclardn, will mix themselves, i. e. 'will be mixed.' 113 Tened piedad de, 'have pity on,' and not 'of,' as in Spanish.— Grammar, R. LVII. note 3, p. 217. ni De, is here translated by 'with.' 11S No se que; this expression is equivalent to the French je ne sais quoi. It means 'something,' 'a certain something.' 4* 42 AtfECDdTES; JUANOT I COLIN. Juanot i Colin aprendian a leer en casa del maestro de la aldea; aquel era hijo de un mulatero, i Colin, de un buen labrador. Estos dos jovenes se amaban mucho, teniendo entre si las familiaridades que siempre se reciter dan con giib + o, cnando despues se encuentran en el munclo unos amigos de escuela. 116 Ya estaban para 117 atabar siis estudios, cuando un dia vino el sastre a traer un rico vestido i una carta al senor de la Juanoteria. Colin admirb el traje, pero sin envidiar\e\ mas Juanot dejo de estudiar; 118 se miraba al espejo, tomando un aire de superioridad enfadosa Con Colin. Poco tiempo despues un ayuda de camara vino en posta, trayendo una segunda carta al serior marques de la Juanoteria, que era la orden de su serior 119 padre que fuese a Paris. Juanot month en la silla volante, alargando la mano a Colin con una sonrisa de pro- teccion noble. Colin llorb, i Juanot partio entre la pompa i la gloria. Es preciso advertir que Juanot el padre, a fuerza de in-* trigas, habta adquirido rapidamente bienes inmensos en los abastos; 120 hacia seis meses que liabia comprado un mar- quesado, cuando retirb de la escuela al serior marquesito^ para entrarle en Paris en el gran mundo. Colin, siempre tierno, escribib una carta a su antiguo com- pafiero; pero el marquesito no conteslb, i Colin estuvo enfermo de la pesadumbre. El senor de la Juanoteria trataha de educar brillantemente a su hijo; pero la senora marquesa no quiso que aprendiese 116 Unos amigos de escuela, 'school-inates.* u1 Estaban para, idiomatic, 'they were about.' 118 Dejo de estudiar, idiomatic, 'no longer studied,' 'left off studying.' 119 Su serior padre, 'his father.' Senor is placed before padre, madre, humano, and before titles of honour, to express respect and deference 120 En los abastos, idiomatic, 'as purveyor.' ANECf>6T#S; 43 ei Latin, pues que en los teatros se hablaba Frances ; 121 tampoco le gusto la jeografia, pues que los postillones tienen la obli- gacion de saber los caminos : en fin, se decidib que el mar- quesito aprendiese a bailar. Este, dedicado a semej antes tareas, se hizo un libertino, gas t undo sumas inmensas en falsos placeres, interin los marqueses 122 padres 123 solo se ocupaban de 124 vivir como grandes senores; Una viuda joven i noble, 125 de poca fortuna, se resolvib de apoderarse de los bienes de los marqueses, casandose con el senorito. Una vieja propuso la boda* Los padres, deslum- brados con la noble alianza, hicieron los preparativos. En la noche del matrimonio, ya cerca de efectilarse 126 la ceremonia, llega un criado mui de prisa : " Seiiores,- ' dijo, " yo traigo otras novedades ; los acreedores i la justicia se hart apoderado de la casa ; todos huyen, i trato de asegurar mis salarios." "Veamos que es eso," dijo el marques, "Si," replicb la viuda, " id a castigar a esos villanos." Efectivamente corre^ i halla a su padre preso, los criados profugos, i todo embar- gado ; su madre sola, llorando, no le respondia nada, sino Con suspiros por sus perdidas grandezas. Despues que llorb con su madre, pasb a casa de la novia, 127 quien, enterada del suceso, le preguntb que queria. El novio queda inmovil. u ; Asi abandonais a vuestra madre V dijo la viuda; "id i consoladX^\ decidle que le quiero bien, i si nece* v11 Se hablaba Frances, 'French was spoken. 5 — Note 72. 122 Los marqueses, 'the marques and marchioness.' The masculine plural of any title refers both to the male and female. 123 Padres, 'his parents,' 'old.' 124 Solo se ocupaban de, 'they only thought of.' 125 The author has said nothing in regard to the agreement, position and accidents of adjectives ; because they offer very little difficulty in translation. The student, however, is referred to Grammar, from page 142 to 150, where he will find whatever he may wish concerning them. 126 Efectuarse, the same as ser efectuado, 'to be,' or 'being effected.' 127 Casa de la novia, 'bride's.' — Grammar, R. XL. note 4, p. 141. 44 AMrjbOTES* sito una criada, a ningima mejor que a esa pobre mujer darB la preferencia." El marques, pasmado, lleno de colera, va a visitar a sus amigos, los que le recibieron afectadamente^ daiidole vagas esperanzas. En media hora conocio el mundo mejor que en todo el resto de su vida* Acabado de desesperacion, vio aeercarse una berlina vieja con cortinillas 128 de cuero, seguida de cuatro carretas mui cargadas. Venia en el coche un hombre rustico, pero de buena cara, con su mujer i familia. El viajero contemplo aT marques inmoble i dolorido : " j O Dios !" grita^ u yo Creo que es Juanot*" A este nombre, el marques alzb la vista, i el coche se detuvo. "Si, es Juanot, no hai duda." El hombre se aped, i corre a abrazar a su Compaiiero ; Juanot reconocid a Colin. " Tu me has abandonado," le dijo este, " aunque seas gran senor, yo te amare siempre." Juanot, confuso i enternecido, le contb su historia. u Ven a la posada donde estoij" respondib Colin, "i me dirds el resto; abraza a mi mujer, vainos a comer juntos.* 5 Todos fueron a pie, seguidos del equipaje. . u { A quien pertenece eso ?" dijo el marques. " Todo es mio i de mi mujer," 129 contestb Colin. " Dirijo una fabrica de manufac- tura de hierro i cobre ; me he casado con la hija de un nego- ciante rico ; trabajamos; Dios nos bendice, i somos felices. Te ayudaremos. No seas mas marques, pues ninguna gran« deza vale un buen amigo ; vendrds conmigo al campo ; te dare parte en los negocios, i viviremos alegres en la tierra en que hemos nacido." Juan se veza 130 traspasado de dolor i alegria; la ternura i la vergiienza le decian: 4 Todos los amigos te han sido infieles, i Colin despreciado viene solo al socorro de la desgracia.' 128 Cortinillas de cuero, 'leather curtains.' — Grammar, R. XL. note 2, p. 141. 129 1 de mi mujer, 'and my wife's. 5 — Grammar, above R. 130 Se veia, saw himself, i. e. 'was. 5 ANECDOTES. 45 ; Que instraccion ! La bondad de Colin desplegb el buen natural del corazon de Juanot, que el mundo no le kali a qui- tado 131 todavia, i conocib le 132 era imposible abandonar a sus padres. "Nosotros cuidaremos de tu madre, i en cuanto a tu padre, que esta preso, yo entiendo de negocios, i me encar- gare de los suyos." 133 Efectivamente, logrb desenredarle de las manos de los acreedores, i Juanot volvib a su patria con sus padres, que ejercieron su antigua profesion ; casb con una hermana de Colin, que le kizo feliz, i los tres marqueses conocieron que la dicha no esta en las vanidades del mundo. Cecilio de Corpas. VALOR DE LA AMISTAD. Un Espariol i un Frances, marineros, se hallaban cautivos en Arjel ; el primero se llamaba Antonio i el otro Rojerio, i la casualidad hizo los empleasen 1 ' 34 en un mismo trabajo. Como la amistad es el consuelo de los desgraciados, los dos cautivos se consolaban mutuamente, hablaban de sus familias, lloraban juntos, i asi sobrellevaban las penas a que estaban condenados. Estaban trabajando en la construccion de un camino que atravesaba una montana ; un dia el Espariol se detuvo, i dejando caer sus brazos ; dib un profundo suspiro, mirando toda la estension del mar : " Amigo," dijo a Rojerio, a todos mis votos se kalian en esa estension de agua : ; que no 135 pu- 131 No le habia quitado, 'had not taken away from him. 9 — See next note. 132 Le 'for him.' As verbs, substantives and adjectives, in Spanish, require sometimes, prepositions different from those which they require in English, le, must often be translated by 'in,' 'for,' 'from,' .'with him' or 'her.' The same may be observed in regard to me, te, se, nos, os, les. 133 De los suyos, 'of his.' — See note 74. 134 La casualidad hizo los empleasen, idiomatic, 'they were by chance employed.' 135 Q,ue no, idiomatic, 'would that.' 46 ANECDOTES. diera atravesarla. contigo ! Creo ver 126 ami mujer e hijos que me alargan los brazos desde Cadiz, 6 que lloran por mi muerte." Antonio estaba embebido en esta imajen, i eada vez que vema a la montaiia, miraba con melancolia todo el espacio que le separaba de su pais. Un dia abrazando con transporte a su compaiiero : w mira?** le dijo, u desde aqui veo un buque ; el no abordard hacia este sitio ; pero, si tu quieres, Rojerio, maiiana acabardn nuestros males i seremos libres. Si, manana ese buque pasard a dos leguas de la costa, i entonces nos precipitaremos al mar de lo alto de la roca : esperaremos el buque, 6 perecere- mos, pues la muerte es preferible a una cruel esclavitud." a Si tu puedes salvartef respondib Rojerio, " con gusto lo sufrire todo ; pero ve a buscar a mi padre, i si su vejez no le ha quitado la vida, dile" "jQue vaya a ver a tu padre!" u ^*pues que pretendes hacer? yo no puedo partir dejdndote esclavo. Pero yo no se nadar, i tu si." 137 "Yo se amarte" respondib el Espanol estrechando a Rojerio contra su pecho ; u mi vida es la tuya, los dos nos salvaremos, pues la amistad me dard vigor ; tu te atards con este cenidor." " Es inutil, Antonio, pensar en eso ; yo no espongo a un amigo a que muera; 138 ese ceiiidor se me escapard 6 te sumird conmigo en el fondo." " Pues bien nos ahogaremos. «: Pero a que formar 139 esos temores ? La amistad sostendrd mi valor, te amo mucho para que deje de 139 hacer milagros. Mas 136 Creo ver, 'I believe I see.' One verb governs another in the infini tive, as the student must have observed before now. — Grammar, R. LV and notes, p. 215. * Mira, 'see,' (thou.) Intimate friends address themselves with tu, and not vmd, 'you.' 137 1 tit si, 'and you do.' Si, and no, serve to affirm or deny the action of a preceding verb without repeating it ; as, en tu esta bien, i en mi no; 'in thee it is right, and in me it is not;' ellos no pueden; pero vmd si-, they cannot, but you can.' 138 A que, the same as para que. »39 'instead of.' f See notes 9, 23. 189 Sin tiempo, 'unseasonably;' ni modo, 'and improperly.* 190 Mas es que, 6 it is rather than.' 191 De cuantos, 'of all those which.' X Nos, 'upon us.' 192 El que, 'that which,' 'the one which.' 193 Va a seguirle, idiomatic, 'will follow it/ 60 Select sentences. mientos, tus obras con tus palabras, i tus deseos con tus obras. Juan Eusebio Nierembersr. Ten gran cuenta con 194 tu palabra i credito, que quien 196 los pierde no tiene mas que 196 perder. Juan Eusebio Niereniberg. El que responde antes de oir lo que 197 le preguntan, se acredita de necio, 198 i merece que le sonrojen. La muerte i la vida est an en manos de la lengua ; segun el uso que se ha- ga m de ella serdn los frutos. La prodigalidad es el azote de las buenas costumbres ; es un jermen corruptor que emponzofia todos los sentimientos, que nos somete a las mas duras privaciones, que nos convierte en objetos de burla i desprecio ; en fin, es un manantial ina gotable de males domesticos, i a veces de horribles catastrofes. La pobreza no tiene armas contra el que 200 sale conten- tarse 201 con poco; el vicio no tiene prestijios a los ojos acos- tumbrados al sublime espectaculo de la virtud. El fastidio no aburre jamas a quien 202 sabe ocuparse; el vano aparato 194 Ten gran cuenta con, 'be very careful of.' 195 Que quien, 'for he who.' Que, often means, 'for,' 'because.' 196 No tiene mas que, 'has nothing else to.' 197 Lo que, 'what,' 'that which.' Ellos, 'they,' is understood. — See note 31, and Grammar, R. XXII. p. 157. 198 Se acredita de necio, 'proves himself to be a fool.' 199 Se haga, 'shall be made.' — See notes 5, 12, 18, and others. 200 El que, 'him who.' * 01 Contentarse, 'how to be contented,' 202 A quien, 'to him who.' SELECT SENTENCES. 6l del lujo, el veneno de la seduccion son impotentes en un co^ razon que sabe dar su verdadero precio a las cosas. El fin de la* guerra debe ser 202 la* victoria, el de 204 la* vic^ toria la* conqiiista, i el de 204 la* conquista la* conservacion i la* libertadi La verdad es el fundamento i la razon de la perfeccion i de la belleza. No serza bella i perfecta una cosa,| de cualquiera naturaleza que sea, si no fuera verdaderamente todo lo que debe ser. El orden social no es mas que 205 una serie de sacrificios i de condescendencias. El joven que no sabe dominccrse, sera el azote de los que le obedezcan* 06 i la victima de sus supe- riors. La agricultura es el principio vital de laj poblacion, el orijen material de laj industria, la fuente inagotable del J co- mercio, en siima, la base i fundamento del poder real de las J sociedades* Ortiz.§ * The article is used in Spanish, but omitted in English, before nouns taken in a general sense. — See Grammar, p. 121 ; and notes 2, 8, &c 203 Debe ser, 'should be, J 'ought to be.' 204 El de, 'that of.'— See Grammar, R. XXXVI. note 1, p. 182. f Begin the phrase by Una cosa. — See note 23. 205 No es mas que, 'is nothing more than/ 'nothing but.' 206 Le obedezcan, 'will obey him. 5 The Spanish subjunctive present, frequently requires the English future of the indicative. t Suppress the article in English. § The construction of this sentence has been changed a little from the original. 6 62 SELECT SENTENCES. jQue es un conquistador sino un azote que la ira clivina envza a los pueblos ; un astro maligno, que solo infiuye mu- ertes, robos, desolaciones, e incendios; un cometa, que igual- mente amenaza a las chozas que a los palacios ; en fin, un hombre enemigo de todos los hombres, pues a todos quisiera quitar la libertad, 207 i en la prosecucion de este designio a muchos quita la hacienda i la vida! Jeronimo Feijoo. Las pasiones que continuamente nos ajitan son mui pode* rosas i fuertes : no tenemos otras armas para resistir a ellas, que las de la virtud, i esta se adquiere con la buena crianza* Nuestra humana i flaca naturaleza nos inclina al mal; pero cuando llega a gustar 208 los encantos de la virtud, como los placeres que produce son verdaderos, i traen consigo una per*- petua e inmu table tranquilidad, la prejiere al vicio, que siem- pre es seguido de los remordimientos eternos, que en medio de los gustos i deleites del mundo, ecsalan unos fetidos va- pores que qfuscan el corazon, i le atormentan sin cesar. 209 Garcia-Malo* 207 A todos quisiera quitar la libertad^ 'he should like to deprive them all of liberty.' 208 Llega a gustar, 'it once tastes/ 'it comes to taste.' 209 Sin cesar, 'without ceasing, 5 'incessantly.' A preposition in Span- ish, requires invariably an infinitive, and not a participle present, as in English, when it governs a verb. — See Grammar, R. LII. note 1, p. 204. HEROIC ACTIONS. HUMANIDAD DEL CZAR. Obstinado el Gobernador de Nerva en no rendirse, entra- ron los Rusianos la Plaza por asalto. Ordenb al punto el Czar* a sus oficiales, que impidiesen toda violencia sobre los habitadores ; mas, no pudiendo estos coniener a los soldados, que furiosos 210 robaban, violaban, i mataban cuanto vezan, acudib el Czar por si mismo al remedio, i corriendo de calle en calle, 211 arrancaba las mujeres i los niiios de las manos de los Rusianos ; amenazaba a estos con los mas severos castigos para que se detuviesen, ayudando, al imperio de su voz, el terror de su espada ; pues con ella matb mas de cin- cuenta de los que 212 hallo mas obstinados en proseguir las violencias. En fin, atajado el desorden, haciendo juntar 213 en la Casa de ayuntamiento los principales ciudadanos, entro el, i poniendo su espada toda baiiada en sangre sobre una mesa, les dijo estas palabras : " No es sangre de los ciudada- nos de Nerva la de que estd tenido este acero, sino de mu- chos Rusianos, que he sacrificado a vuestra conservacion." Jeroniino Feijoo. INTEGRIDAD DEL MARISCAL DE ETRE. Estaban algunos cortesanos entreteniendo con macsimas de politica tirana, al gran Luis decimo-cuarto, cuando aquel prin * Construct el Czai al punto ordend, 'the Czar immediately ordered.' 210 Furiosos, 'furiously. 5 In such cases the Spanish adjective is ren- dered by an English adverb. 211 De calle en calle, 'through every street.' 212 De los que, 'of those whom.' — Grammar, R. XXXV. and note, p. 180, 181. 213 Haciendo juntar, 'ordering to be assembled.' — Note 71. 64 # HEROIC ACTIONS. cipe no tenia mas de* quince arios. A cinco mas que tuviera 2U el menor castigo que les darza^ serta desterrarlos para siem- pre de su presencia, i de la corte. Mas la falta de esperiencia, la capacidad, aun no del todo formada, junto con el ardor de su vivisimo espiritu, le hacian oir con agrado, aquella idea de un ilimitado poder: al tiempo mismo, que el Mariscal de Etre, hombre anciano, de gran consejo i madurez, que se hallaba poco distante del rei, estaba escuchando a aquellos aduladores con suma indignacion. Prosiguiendo estos su asunto, trajeron a la conversacion el ejemplo de los Empera- dores Otomanos, refiriendo como aquellos monarcas son due- iios despoticos de las vidas i haciendas de sus vasallos. "Verdaderamente eso es reinar," dijo el gran Luis, " felices monarcas por cierto." Traspasdronle estas palabras el co- razon de parte a parte al buen Mariscal de Etre, 215 por consi- derar 216 las perniciosas resultas de aquella condescendencia, i llegdndose prontamente al rei, intrepido 217 le dijo: "pero, senor, advertid, que a dos 6 tres de esos emperadores en mis dias les dieron garrote." Jeronimo Feijoo. HERO'iCIDAD DE GUZMAN EL BUENO.f Entre los personajes malvados que hubo en aquel siglo, i los produjo mui malos, debe distinguirse el Infante Don Juan, uno de los hermanos del rei Alborotbse de * No tenia mas de, 'he was but.' — See note 173. 214 A cinco mas que tuviera, 'had he been five years older.' — Grammar, Observation 2, p. 201. 215 Traspasdronle estas palabras el corazon al buen Mariscal de Etre, 'these words pierced through good Mareschal's Etre's heart.' 216 Por considerar, 'for considering,' i. e. 'as he considered.'— Note 68, 182. 217 Intrepido, 'intrepidly,' 'boldly.' — Note 187. t Guzman el Bueno, 'Guzman the good,' one of the greatest and best Spanish chivalrous characters of the middle ages, was intrusted by HEROIC ACTIONS. 65 nuevo, 218 i no pudiendo mantenerse en Castilla, se huyb a Portugal, de donde aquel rei le mandb salir. De alii se em* bar co, i llegb a Tanjer, i of redo sus servicios al rei de Mar- ruecos, 219 Aben Iacob, que pensaba entonces hacer guerra al rei de Castilla. Le recibib con todo honor i cortesia, i le envib en compaiiia de seis mil jinetes con los cuales pasaron el estrecho, 220 i se pusieroi\ sobre Tarifa Tenia en su poder (el Infante Don Juan) al hijo mayor de Guzman que sus padres 221 le liabtan eonfiado 222 anteriormente para que lo llevase a la corte de Portugal, con quien tenian deudo. 223 En vez de dejarlo alii, 224 le llevb al Africa, i le trajo a Esparia consigo ; i entonces le creyb instrumento se* guro para el logro de sus fines. Sacble maniatado de la tienda, donde le tenia, i se le presentb al padre, intimandole que si no rendta la plaza, le matarzan a su vista. 225 King Sancho IV. son of Alphonsus the Learned,* at the end of the thirteenth century, with the defence of the fortress of Tarifa, the most southern point of Spain. Don Juan, brother to the king, who had in charge the oldest son of Guzman the Good, went over to the Moors and besieged Tarifa. He had Guzman's son brought before the ramparts of the castle, and told the father, that if he did not surrender, he would murder his son before his own eyes. Don Juan did so ; but Guzman remained faithful to his trust. 218 Alborotose de nuevo, 'he rose in rebellion again/ 219 Rei de Marruecos, 'king of Morocco. 5 220 Estrecho, 'the straits of Gibraltar.' 221 Padres, 'parents. 5 Guzman and his wife. 222 Le habian eonfiado, 'had entrusted to him. 5 223 Con quien tenian deudo, 'to whom they were related. 5 224 De dejarlo alii, 'of leaving him there. 5 A preposition requires always the verb to be in the infinitive. — See Grammar, R. LII. note 1, p. 204. 225 A su vista, 'before his eyes. 5 •Very improperly called . 137. 24G Sin atreverse a intentar, 'without daring to attempt.' 247 p or ver j £i < as they saw him.' 248 Tan dueno del animo, 'so much in the good will.' 249 El, 'his.' Articles are often used instead of possessives. — Gram- mar, Observations, p. 170-1. * They, (the enemies of Alibeg,) understood. f Al, to the, i. e. 'from the.' Verbs denoting taking away, require, in Spanish, a 'to,' and not de, 'from.' HEROIC ACTIONS. 69 diatamente con el a casa del tesorero, alii se las daria 2 ^ Fue el rei, seguido de los acusadores ; pero se hallo todo en tan bello orden, i con tanta ecsactitud ajustada la cuenta de los caudales en los libros, que nadie tuvo que decir 2bl De alii se pasb 252 a la casa del mismo Mahomet, donde el rei admirb la moderacion que habza en alhajas, i adornos. Pero observando uno de los enemigos del valido la puerta de un cuarto cerrada, guarnecida con tres cadenas fuertes, se 253 lo advirtib al rei, el cual le preguntb que tenia cerrado en aquel cuarto. "Seiior," respondib Mahomet, "aqui guardo lo que es mio. Todo lo que hasta ahora se ha visto, es de V. M." Diciendo esto, abrib la puerta. Entrb el rei en el cuarto, i volviendo a todas partes los ojos, no vib otra cosa, sino las alhajas siguientes: una zamarra, una alforja, un cayado, i una flauta. Atonito las miraba el rei, cuando, ponie?idose de rodillas de- lante de el Mahomet, le dijo: " Seiior, este es el habito, i estos los bienes, que yo tenia cuando el padre de V. M. me trajo a la corte. Esto es lo que entonces tenza^ i esto lo que ahora tengo. Solo esto conozco por mio. I pues que lo es, suplico con el mayor rendimiento a V. M. me permita gozarlo, volvi- endome al monte de donde me estrajo mi fortuna." Aqui no pudiendo contener el rei las lagrimas, le* echo los m brazos al 254 jeneroso valido, i no contento con esta demostra- cion, despojdndose prontamente de sus reales habitos, se los hizo vestir a Mahomet ; lo que en Persia se estima por la su- 250 Se, frequently stands for 'to him,' 'to her,' 'to you.' Las, 'them,' refers here to cuentas, 'accounts;' therefore, alii se las daria, means, 'there he would give, render, show or present them to him.' 251 Tuvo que decir, 'had fault to find.' 252 Sepaso, 'they went.' — See 3d use of se, Grammar, p. 164. 253 Se, 'to him,' pleonastically used. — Grammar, p. 164. * This le is redundantly used. — See Grammar, p. 164. 254 Echo los brazos, 'threw his arms.' The article used instead of the pronoun. — See Grammar, p. 170-1. 70 HEROIC ACTIONS. prema honra que el rei puede hacer a un vasallo. De este suceso resultb que Mahomet logrb despues cons tan tes 255 la confianza i cariiio del principe toda su vida. Jeronirno Feijoo. LEALTAD I CONSTaNCIA DE LOS SAGUNTINOS.* En vano por medio de una oculta mina logrb Anibal intro- ducir sus tropas en la plaza, i sorprejiderla ; pues sus bizarros defensores, lejos de desanimarse, se retiraron al centro de la ciudad, se fortificaron en un pequeiio recinto adonde encer- raron sus familias i sus haberes; i en esta disposicion se mantuvieron con audacia incomparable, hasta que los viveres quedaron absolutamente apurados. Aun entonces oyeron con desprecio las condiciones propuestas por Anibal como indig- nas de su heroico valor i reputacion ; i creyendo mas decoroso vender su libertad i vidas al caro precio de la sangre de Car- tago, i caer como esforzados, 256 antes que dejarse consumir 257 del hambre, tomaron la magnamina resolucion de morir com- batiendo, i de sepultarse bajo las ruinas de su patria. Encendieron en medio de la plaza una crecida hoguera; entregaron a las llamas sus alhajas mas preciosas ; i, aprove- chdndose de las sombras i silencio de la noche, hicieron el 235 Constantes, 'constantly.' — See notes 187, 194. * The Saguntines, or inhabitants of Saguntum, now called Murviedro, on the coast of Valencia. At the beginning of the second century be- fore Christ, this city was invested in due form, by Annibal, at the head of 150,000 men. After a siege of eight months, provisions entirely failed at Saguntum, whose male inhabitants, rather than die with, or surrender through hunger, sallied forth to meet the enemy, while the females set the city on fire, killed their infants, and threw themselves into the flames. The classic scholar has no doubt read in Livy a very interesting account of this memorable event. 256 Caer como esforzados, 'to fall in battle like brave men.' 257 Antes que dejarse consumir, 'rather than allow themselves to be wasted away.' HEROIC ACTIONS. 7] altimo esfuerzo de su valor moribundo con una impetuosa Balida. Sorprendieron al ejercito, 258 le atacaron con furor i rabia, e hicieron horrible carniceria. El combate fue obsti- nado. Los Esparioles pelearon como leones, i solo ceso el estrago 259 de los. Cartajineses cuando dejaron de vivir los Sa- guntinos. 260 Observaban sus mujeres desde la trinchera la sangrienta pelea; i luego que 261 conocieron que el acero enemigo habia acabado con 262 los ultimos defensores de Sa gunto, quitaron la vida a sus tiernos hijos; i despues sacrifi^ caron las suyas 263 al rigor de la espada, i a la voracidad del incendio que consumia los edificios. Asi perecib despues de ocho meses de sitio la celebre Sagunto, victima de su con- slancia i lealtad; dejando al vencedor por despojo 264 un mon- ton de cenizas i un espantoso esqueleto de ciudad. La memoria de su ruina sera perpetuamente gloriosa a los Espanoles. Ascargorta. 258 Al ejercito, 'the enemy's army.' 259 Construct el estrago solo ceso. The subject is frequently placed in Spanish after the verb. — See Grammar, Observations, p. 140, R. XXII. p. 157. 260 Construct cuando los Saguntinos dejaron de vivir, 'when the Sagun- tines ceased to live.' — See the above note. 201 Luego que, 'as soon as.' 262 Habia acabado con, 'had put an end to ' 883 Las suyas, 'their own.' 2W Por despojo, 'spoils.' Narrations* g MANSEDUMBRE DE JESUCRISTO, Jamas en el universo ha parecido un hombre tan dulce^ tan virtuoso, tan benefico i tan amable. En todas sus ac- ciones i discursos no se propuso otro objeto que hacemos bien, instruimos, consolamos, i damos ideas 6 esperanzas las mas capaces de satisfacer a nuestro deseo insaciable de grandeza i de felicidad. Nada le aflijia, sino nuestros errores : nada le desagradaba, sino nuestros vicios: nada le daba placer, sino nuestras virtudes, i nada le consolaba tanto como recojer la oveja que se le perdta. Nunca se le vio verdaderamente contristado, sino cuando preveia nuestra obstinacion i las desgracias que nos debia acarrear. Haced reflecsion sobre lo que hizo, cuando yendo con sus discipulos a Jerusalem, predijo las calamidades procsimas de aquella rebelde i endurecida nacion. Ved la ternura i sensi- bilidad con que las profetiza, los suspiros dolientes que eshala, el torrente de lagrimas que vierte. ± Que corazon se aflijib nunca tanto 265 con los males ajenos? 266 dQue hombre sen- 1 sible i jeneroso no se entemecerd viendo una espresion tan dolorida de un amor tan desinteresado i tierno ? No, no es posible estudiar ni percibir el caracter de su espiritu, i la dul- zura de su corazon, sin reconocer que fue el mejor de los hombres ; i que jamas el cielo en su misericordia les ha dado un bienhechor tan digno de su mano* Vedle cuando en sus viajes pasando por Samaria, solo, sin haber comido, i fatigado del calor i cansancio se sienta junto 265 Se aflijib nunca tanto, 'was ever so much afflicted.' 266 Males ajenos, 'other persons evils.' — Grammar, 10, note 1, p. 184 NARflATlONSe 73 a Siquem eerca cle un pozo • ; Con que afabilidad habla a una mujer comun i pecadora! jComo la convida con el agua ce- lestial de su gracia ! \ Como la declara positivamente que el es el Mesias! jComo la inslruye en el modo cle adorar a Dios en espiritu i verdad! jComo, cuando los discipulos llegan i le compadecen de 267 no haber com id o todavia, les responde que su alimento es servir a su Padre i ganarle, co razones! jComo, cuando los hombres de la ciudad vienen conducidos por aquella mnjer, tambien les liabla con el mismo agrado! jComo aunque su designio fuese continuar su cainino rogaclo por aquellos Samaritanos^ se detiene! jComo cnira con ellos a la ciudad, i pasa con ellos el tiempo nece- sario hasta que los inslruye i convierie! ^Que afabilidad! ;Que celo! ;Que condescendencia! Vedle con la Cananea. En una de sus escursiones se le presenia 263 una mujer estranjera i jentil, implora su socorro. Se resiste, porque parece que no estaba en el orden de su providencia empezar sino por las ovejas perdidas de Israel, Pero la infeliz 269 con humildad i con f e redoMa sus instancias, repite sus ruegos con aquella hnportunidad que le agrada tanto, i su buen corazon, sin poder resistir mas, se rinde, le concede lo que pide, i la despacha consolada. Pablo Olavides, PENITENCIAS DE LOS BRACMANES. Hal unos, que en los dias mas ardientes del estio, en un suelo arenoso, retostado de los rayos del sol, desnudos, flados* solo sobre un pie, se estmx\ desde el amanecer hasta el ano- 267 Le compadecen de, 'pity him for.' 26t > Se le presenta, 'appears before him.* 269 La infeliz, 'the unhappy woman.' In such cases the substantive is seldom expressed in Spanish. — Note 77 * Fiados, 'standing.' t Se estdn, 'remain,' (in this manner,) understoed. 7 74 NARRATIONS. checer. Hai quienes, 270 elevandose los pies en garfios de hierro, fiados en el tronco de un arbol, se estan* pendientes alii pies arriba, i cabeza abajo, hasta que el peso del cuerpo, rasgando carnes, venas, nervios, i arterias, hace caer el cuerpo a. tierra. Hai quienes haciendose atar las manos en las es- paldas, 271 llevan violentamente los brazos por sobre los hom- bros, estan padeciendo por mucho tiempo inmensos dolores, hasta que por ultimo pierden el uso de manos i brazos, quedando estos por el resto de su vida pendientes, como partes inanimadas. Pero sus mas ordinarias mortificaciones son prolijos, i severisimos ayunos, con total abstinencia de comida i bebida, que los reduce a la apariencia de meros esqueletos. Jeronimo Feijoo. PENITENC1AS DE LOS AMIDAS. Los sectarios de Amida, se hacen encarcelar 272 en unas ca- vernas, donde apenas tienen espacio para estar sentados, i donde no pueden respirar sino por un tubo, que tienen cuidado de conservar. Alii se dejan morir de hambre tranquilamente, con la esperanza de que Amida vendrci a recibir su alma al salir 273 del cuerpo. Otros, se colocan sobre las puntas de unas rocas altisimas, donde hai minas de azufre, 274 de que a veces salen algunas llamas ; i alii estan invocando sin cesar la Deidad ; rogandole que acepte el sacrif icio de su vida, i luego 270 Unas, quien, cual, este, are used often to express, 'some,' 'this one,' 'those, 5 'others,' as the sense may require; hai quienes, 'there are some who.* ♦See note (f) p. 73. 271 Haciendose atar las manos en las espaldas, making their hands to be tied, i. e. 'having their hands tied behind their backs.' 272 Se hacen encarcelar, 'order themselves to be confined/- Note 71, 190. 273 Al salir, 'on going out,' or 'separating itself;' al, in such cd.--.es, is equivalent to 'on.' 274 Minas de azufre, 'sulphur mines.' — Grammar, R. XV. note 2, p. 141. NARRATIONS. 75 que parece alguna llama, tomdndola por serial de consentimi- ento del Dios, 270 se arrojan por aquellos precipicios, en que se hacen pedazos. 276 Otros se tienden en tierra al encuentro de 277 los carros, en que llevan sus idolos en procesion, pa- ra que las ruedas les quiebren los huesos, 278 i destruyan el cuerpo. Otros particularmente en las grandes solemnidades, en que es mayor el concurso al templo, se postran a la entrada, esperando a que cuando sea mayor el aprieto de la jente al entrar, 6 al salir, los pise* 79 i sofoque. Jeronimo Feijoo. LAS ARTES DIVINATORIAS SON RIDlCULAS. Rara presuncion la del hombre, querer averiguar lo que estd por venir! 280 Pestafiea en lo pasado, anda a tientas 281 en lo presente, i* juzga tener ojos para lo futuro. Mientenle 282 las historias en lo que fue, los sentidos en lo que 65, i* cree a vanos suenos 233 en lo que sera. 284 Esta estravagancia del entendimiento nace del desorden de la voluntad. Cuanto esta estd mas ciega, tanto 285 pretende que el entendimiento sea mas lince. Grande ceguera nuestra es abrazar con el deseo lo ilicito; perb aun mayor buscar con el discurso, lo impene- trable. 275 Del Bios, 'of the God.' Here, de ellos, 'of them, 5 is understood. 276 Se hacen pedazos, 'they tear themselves to pieces.' 277 Al encuentro de, 'to be met by.' 278 Les quubren los huesos, 'may break their bones.' — Grammar, 3, p. 171. 279 Los pise, 'it (the crowd) may trample upon them.' 280 Estd por venir, 'is to come.' 281 Anda a, tientas, 'he gropes.' * Sin embargo, 'yet,' 'notwithstanding,' understood. 282 Mientenle, 'give him the lie,' 'give him erroneous accounts of.' 283 A vanos suenos, 'with foolish confidence.' 284 Sera, 'is to he.' 285 Cuanto esta 'the more the will,' tanto, 'so much the more/ Grammar, R. XIX. p. 152. 76 NARRATIONS. Desde el celebro del hombre, a la rejion de los futures continjentes, no abrib camino alguno la naturaleza; i donde no hat senda, que guie al termino deseado, cualquiera rumbo que se tome, lleva al precipicio. Esta ambicion fue el vicioso orijen de tanta practica supersticiosa 286 como invent dron los antiguos idolatras. Buscaban nolicia de lo venidero en los astros, en los cadaveres, en las piedras, en los troncos, en el acaso de las suertes, 237 en los delirios de sueiios, en las entra- nas de las victimas, en las voces de los brutos. A toda la naturaleza preguntaban lo que hatea de suceder 288 i creian oir la respuesta por mas que la hallaban sorda 289 a la consulta. De la variedad de instrurnentos, que usaban para adivinar, se denominaron tantes artes divinatorias,* que apenas caben en la memoria los nombres, v Jeronimo Feijoo. COMODIDADES DEL RICO I DEL POBRE. Viste el rico delicada olanda, i el pobre gruesa estopa; pero dime si hasta ahora diste quejarse algun pobre, de que la aspereza de la estopa, le ocasionaba al cuerpo alguna mo- lestia. 290 Esta ocioso el rico, i el pobre trabajando todo el dia : pero no observas mas alegre al pobre en el trabajo, que al rico en el ocio ; especialmente si trabaja en compania? pasa\ festivo,^ cantando, i chanceando su tarea. Jlcabada 286 De tanta practica supersticiosa, 'of so many a superstitious prac- tice,' the singular is used for the plural in both languages. 281 En el acaso de las suertes, 'in the chance of fate.' 288 — Note 113. * Mas f tanto mas, understood, 'the more.' — Grammar, R. XXXVI. p. 182. 7* 78 narrations. dimiento; que pa/pa el sentido, 296 i no puede descifrar la razon; i asi, al querer 297 espJicar\e, no encontrando voces, ni conceptos que satisfagan la idea, 29S se dejan caer desalentados en el rudo informe, 299 de que tal cosa tiene un no se que, que agrada, que enamorcu que kechiza, i no hai que pedirles 300 revelacion mas clara de esta natural misterio. Entran en un edificio, que al primer golpe de vista 301 los llena de gusto i admiracion. Bepdsanle luego eon atento ecsamen, i no kaU Ian que ni por su grandeza, ni por la copia de luz, ni por la preciosidad del material, ni por la ecsacta observancia de las reglas de arquitectura csceda, ni aun acaso iguale a otros que kan visto sin tener que gustar 6 que admirar en ellos. 302 Si les pre gunt an, que kalian de esquisito, 6 primoroso en este, respondent ^ tiene un no se que, que embelesa." Jeroniuio Feijoo, DEBEMOS RECORRER NUESTRAS ACCIONES. Piensa en los pecados que has hecho, i haces cada clia r despues que abrisle los ojos al conocimiento de Dios ; i hai- lards que todavia vive en ti Adan con muchas de las raices i costumbres antiguas. Mira, cuan descarado eres para con Dios, cuan ingrato a sus beneficios, cuan rebelde a sus inspi- raciones, cuan perezoso para las cosas de su servicio , Consider a cuan duro eres para con el projimo, i cuan piadoso para contigo: cuan aniigo de tw piopia voluntad, i de 296 El sentido, 'our senses.' 297 Al querer, 'on being willing/ 'anxious.' — Note 167., 218. 208 Que satisfagan la idea, 'to convey the idea.' 290 Se dejan caer desalentados en el rudo informe de, 'they despair of giving any better explanation than this.' 300 I no hai qvs pedirles, 'and there is no asking them,' or 'we must not ask them.' 301 Al primer golpe de vista,, 'at first sight.' 302 Sin tener que gustar 6 admirar en ellos, 'without having much to admire or to be pleased at.' Narrations. 79 til carne i de tu honra, i de todos tus intereses. Mir a como todavia eres soberbio, airado, subito, vanaglorioso, envidioso, malicioso, regalado, mudable, liviano, sensual, amigo de tus recreaciones i conversaciones, risas i palerias. Mira, otrosi cuan inconstante eres en los buenos propositos, cimn inconsi- derado en tus palabras, cuan desproveido en tus obras, i cuan cobarde i pusilanime para cualesquier graves negocios. Considera ya por esta orden la muchedumbre de tus peca- dos, considera luego la graved ad de ellos, para que veas como por todas partes es crecida tu miseria, Para lo cual debes primeramente consider ar: contra quien pecaste; i hallards que pecaste contra Dios, cuya bondad i majestad es infmita, i cuyos beneficios i misericordias para con el hombre, sobre- pujan las arenas del mar i Asi se paga aquella sangre preciosa que se derramb en la cruz ? ; O miserable de ti, 303 por lo que perdiste, i mucho mas por lo que hiciste, i mui mucho mas si con todo esto no sientes tu perdicion! Luis de Granada. AMEMOS LA VIRTUD. Vemos que entre las cosas criadas, unas hai honestas, otras hermosas, otras provechosas, otras agraclables, i otras con otras perfecciones. Entre estas tanto suele una ser mas # per- fecta i mas digna de ser amada, cuanto mas cle estas perfec- ciones participa. Pues, segun esto, i cuanto merece ser amada la virtud, en quien todas estas perfecciones se hallcm? Porque si por honestidad va* 304 ; que cosa mas honesta que la virtud que es la raiz i fuente de toda honestidad ? Si por honra ua, <:a quien se debe la honra i el acatamiento, sino a la virtud? Si por hermosura va, ; que cosa mas hermosa, que 303 / O miserable de ti! 'wo to thee !' 'O wretched that thou art !' * Tanto suele una ser, c one is apt to he the more.' — Grammar, R. XXXVI. p. 182. a(M Si por honestidad va, «if it be in regard to honesty.' SO ttAfcRATIONSi la imajen de la virtud ? Si por utilidad va, < que cosa hai de mayores utilidades i esperanzas que la virtud ? pues por ella se alcanza el sumo biem La longura de los dias, con los bienes de la eternidad, estdn en su diestra; i en su siniestra, riquezas i gloria. Pues, si por deleites Da, l Fuese acer- cando, i ellos advirtlendo que realmente venza todo rebutido de ojos de pies a cabeza, todos suyos, i mui despiertos. ; Que gran miron, dijo Andrenio ! No sino prodijio de aten- ciones, 502 respondib Critilo. Si el es hombre, no es de estos * Critilo and Egenius, are represented in a moral tale, to be in search of their companion Andrenius, whom they had lost, while they were at court. On looking for him, they are supposed to meet a person full of eyes, whom the author of the novel calls a moral Argus. This per- sonage is introduced to show how important it is to be cautious, consi- derate, prudent in this world ; that is, how necessary it is for us to see, or think deeply and maturely before we act. 500 Se estaba haciendo ojos para notarlos, i he was making eyes for him- self to look at them.' 501 Que ya es poco el ver, 'for people do not see much now-a-days.' 602 y ^ n0 prodyio de atenciones, 'else prodigiously attentive/ 12 134 ALLEGORIES AND FICTIONS* tiempos: i si lo es, 503 no es marido, ni aun pastor, ni trae cetro, ni cayado. Mas i si serta 504 Argos ? Pero no, que ese fue del tiempo antiguo; i no se hallan ya semejantes desvelos. Antes si, 505 respondio el mismo, que* estamos en tiempos quef es menes ter abrir el ojo i aun no basta, sino andar con cien ojos Prometoos que para poder vivir, es menester armarse un hombre de pies a cabeza, no de ojetes, sino do ojazos mui dispiertos para descubrir tanta falsedad i mentira: ojos en los manos, para ver lo que dan i mucho mas lo que toman: ojos en los brazos, para no abarcar mucho i apretar poco: 506 ojos en la misma lengua, para mirar muchas veces lo que se ha de decir: ojos en el pecho, 507 para ver en que le ha de tener: ojos en el corazon, atendiendo a quien le lira i le hace tiro: 508 ojos en los mismos ojos, para mirar como miran: ojos, imas ojos i reojos. " bueno-a, haragan-a, poltron-a. The plural of words is formed in Spanish by the addition of s to those which end in a vowel, and es to those that end in a consonant, or ac- cented vowel; as, lifrro-s, amor-es, alholi-es. Those ending in z, change the z into ces, as almirez, a mortar, ahm- reces, mortars. Those ending in i, change it into yes, as rei, king; reyes, kings. * Used as adjectives. t Used as substantives. VOCABULARY, A. A, prep, to, in, at, for, under, on. A, or Ah, inter, ah, alas. A lo lejos, ad. far off, at a dis- tance. Abajo, ad. under, underneath, be- low, downwards. Abalanzando, F. Abalanzar, ger. rushing against. Abalanzar, inf. va. to rush against, to counterpoise, to weigh. Abandonado-a, a. and part, aban- doned, profligate, left, desponded. Abandonais, F. Abandonar, ind. pres. 2p. ye, or you abandon. Abandonar, inf. pres. va. to aban- don, to desert, to despair. Abandonas, F. Abandonar, ind. pres. 2s. thou abandonest Abandones, F. Abandonar, subj. pres. 2s. thou mayest abandon. Abandono, sm. abandonment, dere- liction. Abandono, F. Abandonar, ind. pres. Is. abandon. Abandono, F .Abandonar, lad. pret. 3s. abandoned. Abarcar, inf. va. to clasp, to em- brace, to contain, to undertake. Abasto, sm. supply, abundance, store; purveyorship. Abate, F. Abatir, ind. pres. 3s. overthrows. Abatir, inf. va. to overthrow, to stoop; vn. to be depressed 13* Abatido-a, a. dejected, depressed, mean, base. Abatimiento, sm. depression; de- struction, overthrow. Abeja, sf a bee. Abertura, sf aperture, way, com- mencement. Abismado, a. plunged, immersed. Abierto-a, F. Abrir, a. and part open, free, sincere ; opened. Abierto, part. abs. being opened. Abismado, part, and a. plunged, sunk into ; depressed. Abismo, sm. abyss, hell. Ablandan, (se) ind. pres. Sp. they soften ; become softened. Ablandar. inf. va. to soften, to miti- gate, to sooth, to assuage. Abono, sm. favour, security, ma- nure, receipt. Aborrecedor-a, s. a detester, (he who dislikes, or hates.) Aborrecido. F. Aborrecer, part, ha- ted, disliked, abhorred. Abordara, F. Abordar, ind. fat. 3s. will land. Abordara, F. Abordar, subj. imp. 1 or 3s. could, or might board. Aborrece, F. Aborrecer, ind. pr^ 3s. abhors. Aborrecer, inf. va. to despise, to abhor, to detest, to hate. Aborrec'an, F. Aborrecer, ind. imp. Sp. they hated. 14.9 Aborrezcamos, F. Aborrecer, subj. pres. \p. may hate. Aborrezeo, F. Aborrecer, ind. pres. Is. I abhor. Abra, F.' Abrir, subj. pres. 1 or Ss. may open. A bra, F. Abr'r, imp. pres. 2s. open thou. Abrasado-a, F. Abrasar, part, adjec. burned, parched, dissipated. Abraza, F. Abrazar, imp. 2s. em- brace thou. Abrazaba, F. Abrazar, ind. imp. 1 or 3s. embraced. Abrazando, F. Abrazar, ger. em- bracing. Abrazar, inf. va. to embrace, to avail one's self, to hug. Abrazara, or Abrazaria, F. Abrazar, subj. impf 1 or 3s. would or should embrace . Abrazo, F. Abrazar, ind. pres. Is. I embrace. Abrazo, F. Abrasar, ind. pret Ss. he burned, Abre, F. Abrir, ind. pres. 3s. opens. Abrevaba, F. Abrevar, ind. imp. Ss. watered. Abria, F. Abrir, impf pres. 2p. ye, or you opened. Abriendo, F. Abrir, ger. opening, or beginning. Abriesen, F. Abrir, subj. S impf. 1 or Sp. should open. Abriste, F. Abrir, ind. pret. 2s. thou openedst. Abrio, F. Abrir, ind. pret. Ss. opens. Abraza, F. Abrazar, ind. pres. 3s. embraces. Abrir, inf. va. to open, to com- mence, to communicate. Abrojo, sin. bramble, briar, thorn. Abrumado-a, F. Abrumar, part. abs. crushed, overwhelmed, teased. Absoluto-a, a. absolute, tyrannical, independent. ACA Abstinencia, sf. abstinence, for- bearance. Abuela, sf grandmother; abuelo, sm. grandfather. Abultar, inf. va. to increase, to en- large, to augment in size. Abultar, inf. vn. to be bulky, to be large. Abunda, F. Abundar, inf. pres. Ss abounds, Abundar, inf. pres. vn. to abound, to. have plenty. Abundaneia, sf. abundance, plenty. Aburre, F. Aburrir, ind. pres. Ss. is irksome. Abundante, a. abundant, plentiful, generous. Abuso, sm. abuse, slander, ill-use. Aca, ad. here, in this place. Acaba, F. Acabar, ind. pres. Ss. terminates. Acababa, F. Acabar, ind. impf. 1 or 3s. terminated. Acabable, a. finishable, (what can be terminated or concluded.) Acabado-a, a. terminated; sunk, consumed, filled. Acabando, F. Acabar, ger. con- cluding, finishing, having termi- nated. Acabar, inf. va. to terminate, to conclude, to finish, to harass. Acabar, inf. vn. to terminate in, to die, to expire. Acabaran, F. Acabar, ind. fat. Sp. they will finish or end. Ac abas, F. Acabar, ind. pres. 2s. thou concludest. Acabasen, F. Acabar, subj. 3 impf. Sp. they should conclude. Acabe, F. Acabar, subj. pres. 1 or 3s. may finish. Acabe, F. Acabar, imp. pres. Ss. let it, him or you terminate. Acabo, F. Acabar, ind. pres. Is, I conclude or end. 150 ACE ACQ Academico-a, s. academician, or a member of an academy. Academico-a, a. academic, (relating to an academy.) Acaecio, F. Acaecer, ind. pret. 3s. it there happened. Acarrear, inf. pres. va. to bring on, to occasion. Acaso, sm. chance, casualty, adven- ture. Acaso, ad. perhaps, by accident, by chance. Ac atari, F, JLcatar, ind. Sp. they respect. Acatar, inf. va. to respect, to revere, to behold, to inspect. Acataron, F. Acatar, ind. pret. Sp. they respected. Acatamiento, sin. presence ; respect acknowledgment, attention. Aceite, sm. oil. Accidente, sm. accident, peculiar- ity; chance, occurrence. Accion, sf action, act, share. Acento, sm. accent, voice, lamenta- tion. Acelerar, inf. va. to accelerate, to hasten, to despatch. Aceptar, inf. pres. va. to accept, to admit. Acepto, F. Aceptar, ind. pret. 3s. he accepted. Acercaba, (se) F. Acer car, ind. impf. 1 or 3s. it, he, or she drew, came near. Acercan, F. Acer car, ind. pres. Sp. they draw near. Acercando, F. Acer car, ger. ap- proaching, drawing near. Acercar, inf. pres. va. to draw near, to approach. Acerco, F. Acer car se. ind. pres. Is. approach. Aeero, sm. steel, sword. Acertado-a, a. fit, prOper 3 success- ful ; rightly hit. Achaean, F. Achacar, ind. pres. Sp they impute, say that he was. Achacar, inf. pres. va. to impute, to ascribe. Acierto, sm. success ; luck. Aclamacion, sf. acclamation, joy, cheering. Acojida, sf. stream; reception, asy- lum. Acometer, %nf. va. to attack, to as- sault, to undertake, to tempt. Acometieron, ind. pret. Sp. they at- tacked; undertook. Acometiesen, F. Acometer, subj. 3 impf Sp. should attack. Acomodaba, ind. impf 1 or 3s. was suitable, accommodated. Acompanado-a, a. accompanied, at- tended. Acompanado, F. Acompanar, part. accompanied, attended. Acompanar, imp. va. to accompany, to escort. Aconsejar, inf. va. to advise, to counsel; to take advice. Aconsejasen, F. Aconsejar, subj. impf Sp. they should advise. Acordaos, F. Acorddrse, imp. 2p* remember ye. Acordar, inf. va. to remind, to de- termine, to deliberate. Acordar, inf. vn. to agree, to re- member, to recollect. Acordara, F. Acordar, subj. impf 1 or 3s. would, or should remem- ber. Acordar emos, F. Acordar, ind. fat. \p. we shall agree. Acorrer, inf. pres. vn. to save, to succour, to repair. Acordaran, F. Acordar, subj. 1 impf Sp. they would remember. Acorres, F. Acorrer, ind. pres. 2s. thou hast recourse. Acostumbra, F. Acodumbrar, ind. pres. 3s. is in the habit. 151 ADE AD6 A?ortase, F. Acortar, subj. imp. 3s. he should shorten or abridge. Acostumbrado-a, part. a. accus- tomed, used to, inured, habitu- ated. Acostumbrar, inf. va. to accustom, to inure ; vn. to be wont. Acrecentado, F. Acrecentar^ part. increased, augmented. Acrecento, F. Acrecentar, ind. pret. 3s. he increased. Acreedor, sm. creditor, meritorious person. Activo-a, a. active, diligent. Acto, sm. act, event, fact; en el ado, at this moment. Actual, adj. actual, present. Acudamos, F. Acudir, subj. pres. \p. let us, or we way repair. Acuden, F. Acudir,, ind. pres, Zp. they repair. * Acudio, F. Acudir, md. pres. 3s. it, he, or she repaired. Acudir, inf. pres. vn. to succour, to repair, to apply. Acudira, F. Acudir, ind. fid. 3s. shall or will assist. Acuerda, F. Acordar, subj. pres. 1 or 3s. she may remind. Acuerdo, sm. decree, opinion, ad- vice, consent. Aculla, ad. there, in that place, yonder. Acusaba, F. Acusar, ind. impf. 1 or 3s. accused. Acusado-a, a. accused, charged; being accused. Acusar, inf. pres. va. to accuse, to acknowledge, to charge. Adan, sm. Adam, the first man created. Adarga, sfi shield, target. Adelantar, inf. vn. to advance, to progress, to improve. Adelantando, F. Adelantar, ger. ad- vancing, improving. Adelante, ad. higher up, farther off ; henceforward. Adelante, inter, go on, proceed, come on. Ademas, or Ademas de que, prep besides, independently of. Adios, ad adieu, farewell, good Adivinar, inf. pres. va. to foretell, to guess, to divine, to unriddle. Admirable, a. admirable, astonish- , ing, great. Admiracion, sf. admiration, wonder, surprise. Admirado-a, part. a. astonished, surprised, part, admired. Admirar, inf. va. to admire, to ex- cite admiration. Admirasen, F. Admirar, subj. 3 impf Sp. they should admire. Admiro, F. Admirar, ind. Is. I ad- mire. Admitido, F. Admitir, part, ad mitted, received, acknowledged. Admitio, F. Admitir, ind. pret. 3*. it, he, or she admitted. Admitir, inf. va. to admit, to re- ceive, to accept, to permit. Adonde, ad. and pron. where, in, to which. Adonis, sm. Adonis, a fabulous god. Adora, F. Adorar, ind. pres. 3s. worships, adores. Adorar, inf. pres. va. to adore, to worship, to reverence, to revere Adormido-a, Adormir, part, calmed, lulled. Adormecido-a, a. drowsy, nodding, benumbed, torpid. Aclornaba, F. Adornar, ind. impf. 1 or 3s. ornamented. Adornado-a, part. a. ornamented, beautified, embellished. Adornado, F. Adornar, part, adorn- ed, embellished. 152 ADV AFR A.d6rno, sm. ornament, decoration, furniture. Adoro, F. Adorar, ind. pret. 3s. he adored. Adoro, F. Jldorar, ind. pres. Is. I adore. Adriatico, sm. Adriatic Sea, or Gulf of Venice. Adquerir, inf. va. to acquire, to at- tain, to obtain. Adquiero, F. Adquerir, ind. pres. Is. I acquire. Adriano, sm. Adrianus, the 15th emperor of Rome. Adulacion, sf. adulation, flattery. Adulador, sm. flatterer. Adultero, sub. adulterer ; Adulter a, adulteress. Adulto, sm. adult. Adversidad, sf. misfortune, adver- sity, calamity. Adverso-a, a. adverse, afflictive, opposite. Advertencia, sf. discretion, pru- dence. Adverti, F. Advertir, ind. pret. Is. I noticed. Adverti d, F. Advertir, imp. pi-es. °2p. observe ye, or you. Advertido-a, a. cautious, conside- rate, prudent. Advertimos, F. Advertir, ind. pres. or pret. 1 or Sp. observed. Advertir, inf. va. to caution, to take notice of, to advise. Adviertes, F. Advertir, ind. pres. 2s. thou observest. Advierte, F. Advertir, imp. pres. 2s. observe thou. Advierten, F. Advertir, ind. pres. 3p. they observe. Advierto, F. Advertir, ind. pres. Is I observe. Advirtiendo, F. Advertir, ger. ob- serving, taking for granted. Advirtio, F. Advertir, ind. pret. 3s. observed. Afabilidad, sf affability, easy man- ners, freedom of action. Afan, sm. eagerness, vehemence, labour, effort. Afea, F. Afear, ind. pres. 3s. dis- figures. Afear, inf. va. to deform, to cen- sure, to disfigure. Afectadamente, ad. affectedly, with affected politeness. Afecto, sm. affection, love, pain. Afecto-a, a. affectionate, inclined, fond of. Afeminacion, sf effeminacy, soft- ness, delicacy, effemination. Afeminado-a,_par£. adjec. enervated, weak, effeminated. Afirma, F. Afirmar, ind pres. 3s. affirms, emboldens. Afirmar, inf. va. to affirm, to assure, to make fast. Aflije, F. Aflijir, ind. pres. 3s. grieves. Aflijia, F. Aflijir, ind. impf. 1 or 3s. afflicted, grieved. Aflijido, part, adjec. afflicted, grieved, tormented. Aflijido, F. Aflijir, pari, afflicted, tormented. Aflijio, F. Aflijir, ind. pret. 3s. af- flicted. AflijLr, inf. pres. va. to pain, to grieve, to afflict, to torment. Afortunado-a, a. fortunate, lucky, successful. Afrenta, sf. affront, insult, dis- honour, courage. Afrentado, part, adjec. affronted, insulted. Afrentoso-a, a. ignominious, insult- \ ing. Africa, sf. prop. Africa, one of the five great divisions of the globe .53 AGU ALA Agarra, F. Agarrar, ind. 3s. he seizes, or grasps. Agarrar, inf. va. to seize, to grasp, to lay hold of, to obtain. Agarrochean, F. Agarrochear, ind. Sp. they pierce, goad. Agolpan, (se) F. Agolpar, ind. pres. 2p. crowd into. Agrada, F. Agradar, ind. pres. 3s. pleases, delights. Agradaba, F. Agradar, ind. impf. 1 or 3s. pleased. Agradable, a. agreeable, pleasing. Agardar, inf. va. to please, to gratify, to render acceptable. Agradar, inf. pres. vn. to be pleased with. Agradecer, inf. va. to thank, to be obliged to, to recompense. Agradecemos, F. Agradecer, ind. pres. \p. we thank. Agradecimiento, sm. gratitude, gratefulness. Agrado, F. Agradar, ind. pres. Is. I please. Agrado, sm. affability, pleasing manners, will. Agravio, sm. offence, insult, oppres^ sion. Agricultura, sf agriculture, hus- bandry. Agrio-a, adj. sour, acrid, pungent. Agua, sf. water. Agudo-a, a. acute, sharp-pointed, dangerous. Agudeza, sf. cunning, witticism, jest. Agdardo, F. Aguardar, ind. pres. Is. I wait. Aguardar, inf. pres. va. to wait for, to expect, to grant time. Aguero, sm. augury, prognostica- tion, omen. Aguila, sf. eagle. Aguilucho, sm. eaglet, dim. of Aguila, eagle. Agustino, sm, Augustinian, monk of the order of St. Augustin. Aherrojado-a, part adjec. chained, fettered, shackled. Ahilado-a, part, adjec. emaciated, fainting, weak. Ahogado-a, a. stifled, drowned; s a drowned person. Ahogaremos, F. Ahogar, ind. Jut. \p. we shall, or will drown. Ahondaba, F. Ahondar, ind. impf 1 or 3s. sounded. Ahora, ad. now, the present ; ahora Men, well, now. Ahorraba, F. Ahorrar, ind. imp. 3s. spared. Ahorro, see Aorro. Ai, inter, alas ! wo ! Airado, a. angry, wrathful. Aire, sm. air, grace, manner. Airoso-a, a. graceful, airy, genteel, successful. Aislado-a, a. insulated ; embarrass- ed; alone. Ajeno-a, pron. indef. foreign, strange, of another, of others. Ajado-a, a. disfigured, injured. Ajitar, inf. va. to agitate, to ruffle, to discuss, ijo, sm. garlick. Ajustado-a, a. and part, adjusted, settled, balanced. Al, contraction of a el, prep, and art. to the, in the, at the. Alabado-a, part, praised, hallowed, flattered. Alabanza, sf. praise, applause, re- joicing. Alabando, F. Alabar, ger. praising. Alaban, F. Alabar, ind. pres. Bp. praise. Alabar, inf. va. to praise, to hallow, to applaud, to commend. Alabes, F. Alabar, subj. pres. 2s thou mayest praise 154 ALE ALI Alargan, F. Alargar, ind. pres. Sp. they enlarge. Alargando, F. Alargar, ger. ex- tending, increasing, enlarging. Alargar, inf. va. to lengthen, to en- large, to extend, to protract. Alarido, sm. outcry, clamor. Alba, sf. dawn; surplice. Alborozado-a, part, exhilarated, merry, rejoiced, gladdened. Alcaide, sm. governor, keeper of a castle. Alcanza, F. Alcanzar, ind. pres, 3s. reaches, or obtains. Alcanzado, F. Alcanzar, part, ob- tained, acquired, reached. Alcanzan, F. Alcanzar, ind. pres. 3p. they obtain. Alcanzar, inf. va. to reach, to ob- tain, to comprehend. Alcanzar, inf. vn. to suffice, to be sufficient, to reach. Alcanzo, F. Alcanzar, ind. pres. 2s. I reach, or comprehend. Alcanzo, F. Alcanzar, ind. pret. 3s. he obtained. Alcanzaba, F. Alcanzar, ind. impf. 1 or 3s. reached. Alcornoque, sm. cork-tree. In Latin Quercus suber. Alcibiades, sm. Alcibiades, an an- cient personage, distinguished for his personal attractions, and ver- satility of genius. Aldea, sub. village, hamlet, country. Alegra, F. Alegrar, ind. pres. 3s. animates, gladdens. Alegraba, (se) ind. impf. 1 or 3s. rejoiced, was rejoiced at. Alegrar, inf. pres. va. to rejoice, to beautify, to make merry. Alegrar, inf. vr. to rejoice, to be- come merry. Alegre, a. cheerful, lively, con- tented. Alegria, sf. joy, mirth, merriment. Alegrisimo-a, a. sup. most merry? most contented, most rejoiced. Alemania, sf. Germany, a country in Europe. Alentar, inf. pres. vn. to breathe, to respire ; to encourage. Alerta, sm. watch- word, on the look out, watch. Alforja, sf. portmanteau, saddle- bags. Algo, indef. pron. something, some- what, a little. Algun, indef pron. some, some one. Alguno-a, pron. indef. some, some- body. Aljeciras, sub. Algeciras, a city in the South of Spain. Aljofar, sm. dew-drops, pearls. Alhaja, sf. jewel, ornament, furni- ture. Alhagueno-a, a. attractive, alluring, smiling, flattering. Alhajas, sp. furniture, jewels, pro perty. Aliado-a, a. allied, federated. Alianza, sf. alliance, coalition, con- vention. Alibeg, S771. Alibeg, a Moor of great integrity. Alienta, F. Alentar, ind. pres. 3s. breathes, encourages. Aliento, sm. breath, spirit, smell; encouragement. Alimentaba, F. Alimentar,ind. impf. 1 or 3s. fed. Alimentaban, F. Alimentar, ind. impf. Bp. fed. Alimentar, inf. va. to maintain, to feed, to support. Alistar, inf. va. to enlist, to enrol, to prepare. Alisto, F. Alistar, ind. pres. Is. I enrol. Alisto, F. Alistar, ind. pret. 3s. he enlisted. 155 ALZ AME Alivian, F. Aliviar, ind. pres. 2p. they alleviate, Aliviar, inf. pres. va. to solace, to recreate ; to succour, to alleviate Aliviara, F. Aliviar, ind. fat. 3s. mitigate. Aliviare, F. Aliviar, ind. fat. Is. I shall or will mitigate. Alia, ad. there, in that place, yon der. Allanar, va. to overcome, to con- quer, to subdue. Allega, F. Allegar, ind. pres. 3s. approaches. Allegar, inf. va. to approach, to draw near, to unite, to collect. All ego, F. Allegar, ind. pres. Is. I approach. Allego, (se) F. Allegar, ind. pret. 3s. came arrived to him. Alii, ad. there, that time; de alii, thence. Alma, sf soul, courage, spirit, life, mind, disposition. Alredor, sm. environ, circuit; ad. around. Altera, F. Alterar, ind. pres. 2s. al- ters, or becomes disturbed. Alterar, inf. pres. va. to alter, to change, to become agitated. Alteraron, F. Alterar, ind. pret. Sp. they altered. Alteren, F. Alterar, subj. pres. Sp. may alter, become agitated. Alteza, sf. highness. Altlvo-a, a. haughty, proud; s. a haughty person. Alto, sm. height, summit; story (of a house.) Alto-a, a. high, tall, lofty. Aiucinado-a, part, deceived. Alumbrar, inf. pres. va. to light, to enlighten, to restore light. Alzado-a, a. elevated, raised, high, lifted up. Alzar, ind. pres. va. to raise up, to elevate, to erect. Alzo, F. Alzar, ind. pres. Is. I raise. Ama, sf mistress, tutoress, gover- ness. Ama, F. Amar, ind. pres. 3s. loves. Ama, F. Amar, imp. pres. 2s. love thou. Amaba, F. Amar, ind. impf. 1 or 3s. loved. Amable, a. amiable, lovely, affec- tionate. Amaban, F. Amar, ind. impf Sp. they loved. Amado-a, a. loved, beloved, es- teemed ; s. a lover. Amado, F. Amar, part, loved. Amanece, F. Amenecer, ind. pres. 3s. it grows light. Amanecer, inf. pres. impers. to grow light; sub. day-break. Aman, F. Amar, ind. pres. Sp. they love. Amaneciera, F. Amanecer, ind. impf. 3s. might, could grow light. Amaneciese, F. Amenecer, subj impf. 3s. should grow light. Amar, inf. pres. va. to love, to re- gard with affection, to like. Amara, F. Amar, subj. impf. 1 or 3s. would, should love. Amare, F. Amar, subj. fat. 1 or 3s. I, should, may love. Amargo-a, a. bitter, sour. Amarillo-a, yellow, sallow. Ambar, sm. amber. Ambicion, sm. ambition, honour, covetousness. Ambos-as, indefpron. both, one and the other. Amemos, F. Amar, imp. pres. lp. let us love. Amemos, F. Amar, subj. pres. lp. we may love. Amenaza, F. Amenazar, ind. pi'es 3s. threatens. 156 AND ANT Amenazaba, F. Amenazar, ind. impf. 1 or 3s. threatened. Amenazador-a, a. threatening, me- nacing. Amenazan, F. Amenazar, ind. pres, 3p. they threaten. Amenazar, inf. va. to threaten, to menace. Ameno-a, a. agreeable, romantic, pleasant, florid. Ami da, sf. Amida, the name of an idol in Japan. Amida, sm. Amida, a person who worships Amida. Amigo-a, s. friend; a. friendly. Amintas, sm. Amintas, a personage in the anecdotes of Corpas. Amistad, sm. friendship, amity. Amo, sm. master, owner, protector Amor, sm. love, esteem, affection, Cupid. Amoroso-a, a. affectionate, loving Amparo, sm. protection, favour, re- fuge, asylum. Anca, sf. back; paunch, croup; a las ancas, behind. Ancho-a, a. broad, wide. Anciano, s. old man; anciana, old woman. Anciano-a, a. ancient, old, anti quated. Anda, F. Andar, ind. pres. 3s. goes, or walks. Anda, F. Andar, imper. 2s. go, or walk thou. Andaba, F. Andar, ind. impf. 1 or 3s. went, walked. Andaban, F. Andar, ind. impf Sp. they went. Andado, F. Andar, part, gone, walked, marched. Andais, F. Andar, ind. pres. 2p. you, or ye go. Andan, F. Andar, ind. pres. 3p. they go, or walk. Andante, a. errant, wandering 14 Andanza, sf fortune, luck; event Andar, inf. va. to walk, to go, to march, to behave, to move. Andaran, F. Andar, ind. Jut. 3p. they will go, Andas, F. Andar, ind. pres. 2s. thou goest. Andre nio, sub. prop. m. Andrenius,, a man's name. Anduvieron, F. Andar, ind. pre,, 3p. they walked. Anduvo, F. Andar, ind. pret. 3s. went. Anega, F. Anegar, ind. pres. 3s. he drowns. Angustia, sf grief, affliction, an- guish. Angustiado-a, a. painful; distressed. Angustioso-a, a. distressful, piteous. Anhela, F. Anhelar, ind. pres. 3s. desires. Anhelar, inf. pres. vn. to wish ea- gerly, to be ambitious of. Anhelaria, F. Anhelar, subj. impf 3s. would desire. Anibal, sm. prop. Annibal, an an- cient Carthagenian chief of great renown. Animal, sm. animal, beast. Animal, a. beastly, brutish, cruel. Animo, sm. soul, courage, mind; con animo, for the purpose. Aniiiadamente, ad. childishly, in a childish manner. Aniquilacion, sf. annihilation, de- struction, devastation. Anjel, sm. angel. Anochecer, vn. to grow dark; s. sun-set. Ansia, sf anxiety. Ante, prep, before (previous to.) Ante, a. before (in the presence of.) Antecedente, sf antecedent, prece- dent. Antepasado, sm. forefather, ances- tor, progenitor. 157 APA APO Antequera, sub. prop. f Antequera, a town in Andalusia, Spain. Anteriormente, adv. anteriorly, be fore. Antes, antes de, antes que, prep. before. Antes, antes bien, ad. rather, on the contrary. Antesala, sf. antechamber. Antiguainente, ad. formerly, an- ciently, in ancient times. Antiguo-a, a. ancient, antiquated, old. Antojase, F. Antojar, subj. impf. 3s. he should desire. Antojo, sm. desire, longing. Antojos, sm. spectacles, eye-flaps. Antonio, sub. prop. m. Anthony, a man's name. Anunciaba, F. Anunciar, ind. impf. 1 or 3s. announced. Anunciaban, F. Anunciar, ind. impf. Sp. they announced. Anuncio, sm. presage, foreboding, omen. Anzuelo, sm. fish-hook, allurement ; a keen, sharp person. Anade, F. Anadir, ind. pres. 3s. adds. Anadase, F. Anadirse, impf. pres. 3s. let it be added. Anadio, F. Anadir, ind. pret. 3s. added. Anadir, inf. pres. va. to add, to sub- join, to increase, to exaggerate. Ano, sm. a year, a twelvemonth. Aorro, sm. parsimony, saving, spar- ingness. Apacibilidad, sf. affability, mildness, sweetness of temper. Apacible, a. pleasant, mild, agreea- ble. Aparato, sm. pomp, ostentation, eclat. Aparecer, inf. pres. vn. to appear, to rise, to peep, to break out. Aparecieron, F. Aparecer, ind. pret. Sp. they appeared. Aparecio, F. Aparecer, ind. pret. 3s. appeared. Aparejo, sm. preparation, apparatus . Apasionado-a, adj. fond of. Aparta, F. Apartar, ind. pres. 3s. separates. Apartar, inf. va. and n. to remove, to separate from, to withdraw. Apear, inf. pres. va. to alight, to measure lands, to prop, to dis- suade, to remove difficulties. Apellidado-a, part, adjec. called, named, surnamed. Apenas, ad. scarcely, no sooner. Apeo, F. Apear, ind pres. Is. I alight. Apeo, F. Apear, ind. pres. 3s. it alighted. Apercibio, F. Apercibir, ind. pret. 3s. prepared, received. Apercibir, inf. pres. vn. to get ready, to provide, to receive. Apercibo, F. Apercibir, ind. pres. Is. I prepare, receive. Apestado, F. Apestar, part, infected with the plague. Apetito, sm. appetite, desire, anx- iety, wish. Aplaca, F. Aplacar, ind, pres. 3s. pacifies. Aplacar, inf. pres. va. to appease, to pacify, to mitigate. Aplacer, inf. va. to please, to satisfy, to consent. Aplauso, sm. applause, approbation. Aplica, F. Aplicar, ind. pret. 3s. applies. Aplicacion, sf. turn, direction ; ap- plication. Aplicar, inf. pres. va. to apply, to attribute, to study, to direct. Apoderado-a, a. empowered; part. taken possession. 158 APU ARE Apoderar, inf. vr. to take posses- sion of, to possess one's self. Apolo, sub. prop. m. Apollo, a fa- bulous deity. Apostol, sm. apostle, missionary. Aprecio, sm. value; appraisement, esteem. Aprecia, F. Apreciar, ind. pres. 3s. values, prefers. Aprenden, F. Aprender, hid. pres. Sp. they learn. Aprender, inf. pres. va. to learn, to acquire a knowledge. Aprendian, F. Aprender, ind. impf. 3p. they were learning. A.prendiese, F. Aprender, subj. impf. 1 or 3s. should learn. Apresuraba, F. Apresurar, ind, impf. 1 or 3s. hastened. Apresuramos, F. Apresurar, ind. pret. \p. we hastened. Apresurar, inf. va. to accelerate, to hasten ; vr. to be in a hurry. Apretar, inf. pres. va. to tighten, to press, to afflict, to urge. Apriesa, ad. swiftly, promptly, in haste, in a hurry. Aprieto, sm. crowd, predicament, conflict, difficulty. Aprieta, F. Apretar, ind. pres. 3s. presses. Aprieta, F. Apretar, imp. pres. 2s. press thou, or make it tighter. Aprovecha, F. Aprovechar, ind. pres. 3s. improves. Aprovechandose, F. Aprovechar, ger. taking advantage. Aprovechar, inf. vn. to advance, to progress, to improve. Aprovechar, (se) inf. pres. vr. to take advantage, to avail one's self. Aprovechemos, subj. pres. \p. we may, or let us avail ourselves. Apuntar, va. to peep out; s. peeping. Apurado-a, F. Apurar, part, ex- hausted. Apurando, F. Apurar, ger. purify- ing, finding out, exhausting. Apurar, inf. pres. va. to exhaust, to purify, to investigate. Aquel-lla, pron. dem. n. or o. that; that one, the former. Aquel-lla, pron. per. n. or o. he. she ; him, her. Aquello-a, pron. dem. neut. o. or n. that, that thing, that which. Aqui, adv. here, in this place; this time; Arado, siii. a plough. Aragon, sub. prop. m. Arragon, a province of Spain. Arbitrariedad, sf arbitrariness, ty- ranny. Arbitrio, sm. recourse, free-will, means ; umpire. Arbitro, a. despotic, arbitrary. Arbol, sm. tree, mast. Arboleda, sf. grove. Arbustito, sm. small shrub, dim. of arbusto. Arcanjel, sm. archangel. Arcano, sm. secret, arcanum. Arco, sm. arch, vault. Archiduque, sm. archduque. Arden, F. Arder, ind. pres. Sp. they burn. Arder, inf. vn. to burn, to be agi- tated by any passion. Ardia, F. Arder, ind. impf. 1 or 3s. burned. Ardiente, a. hot, boiling, ardent, passionate. Ardor, sm. ardor, enthusiasm, warmth, vehemency. Ardiiidad, sm. difficulty, perplexity. Arena, sf. sand. Arenga, sf. speech, oration, ha- rangue. Areopago, sm. Areopagus. 159 ARR ASC Argos, sub. prop. m. Argus, a my thological personage, supposed to have a hundred eyes. Argumento, sm. proof, argument, matter, occurrence. Aristio, sub. prop. m. Aristio, a so- phist of Athens, and also a man's name. Aristoteles, sub. prop. m. Aristotle, a great ancient philosopher. Arjel, sub. prop. m. Algiers, the name of the capitol of one of the Barhary states, in N. Africa. It now belongs to France. Arjensola, (Bartolome Leonardo de) sm.prop. Arjensola, a classic prose and poetic writer of Spain. Born in Barbastro, Arragon, in 1564, died 1631. Arma, sf. arm, weapon. Armaba, F. Armar, ind. impf. 1 or 3s. armed. Armado-a, part. a. armed. Armar, inf. pres. va. to arise, to set up, to prepare one's self, to arm. Armonia, sf. harmony. Aroma, sf. odour, aromatic flower, all sorts of gums, or balsams. Arpado-a, a. forked, toothed ; harp- tongued. Arqueando, F. Arquear, ger. arch- ing. Arquitectura, sf. architecture, or the art of building. Arrancaba, F. Arrancar, ind. imp. 3s. he snatched. Arrancar, inf. pres. va. to pluck, to draw, to pull off. Arrebata, F. Arrebatar, ind. pres. Bs. he carries away. Arrebatado-a, part, snatched, seized, wrested, led away. Arrebatar, inf. va. to snatch, to wrest, to be led away. Arrebato, F. Arrebatar, ind. pret. 3s. snatched. Arrebatoso, a. impetuous; ad. im- petuously. Arreglado, adj. regulated ; well ba- lanced, well organized. Arreglar, inf. va. to regulate, to or- ganize, to reduce to order. Arreo, sm. dress, ornament. Arriba, ad. above, more than ; up- wards, uppermost. Arribar, inf. pres. vn. to arrive, to reach, to harbour in distress. Arrinconado-a, part. a. placed in a corner, withdrawn from office. Arrodilla, F. Arrodillar, ind. pres. 3s. kneels down. Arrodillar, inf. vr. to kneel down, to bend one's knee before. Arroja, F. Arrqjar, ind. pres. 3s throws. Arrojan, F. Arrqjar, ind. pres. 3p they throw. Arrojar, inf. va. to throw, to dart, to shoot, to turn away. Arrojaron, F. Arrojar, ind. pret. Bp they threw. Arrojo, F. Arrojar, ind. pres. Is. 1 throw. Arrojo, F. Arrojar, ind. pret. Bs. hurled, launched, threw. Arroyo, sm. rivulet, creek, stream. Arte, sm. s. art, science. Artes, sf. p. arts. Articula, F. Articular, ind. pres. Bs. it, he, or she articulates. Articulado-a, part, adjec. articu- lated, uttered, mentioned, pro- nounced. Articular, inf. pres. va. to articulate, to utter, to speak, to pronounce Artiiicioso-a, a. artificial, skilful, cunning, artful. Asalto, sm. assault, sudden passion ; por asalto, by storm. Ascargorta, sm. prop. Ascargorta, a living Spanish writer of some celebrity. 160 AST ATR Asco, sm. loathsomeness, annoyance. Asegura, F. Asegurar, ind. pres. 3s. it, he, or she assures. Asegurado-a, part, adjec. secured, insured, safe, sheltered, bailed, Asegurar, inf. pres. va. to assure, to insure, to bail, to warrant, to guarantee. Aseguro, F. Asegurar, ind. pret. 3s. it, he, or she secured. Asesino, sm. assassin, murderer. Asi, ad. thus, in this manner. Asi. or asi que, conj. thus, being so, therefore, consequently. Asiendo, F. Asir, ger. seizing. Asiento, sm. chair, seat, settlement. Asir, inf. pres. va. to grasp, to seize, to dispute, to contend. Asiste, ind. pres. 3s. performs, is present. Asistia, F. Asistir, ind. impf 3s. it, he, or she assisted. Asistir, inf. pres. vn. to assist, to be present, to live. Asolado-a, F. Asolar, part, deso- lated. Asoma, F. Asomar, ind. pres. 3s. it, he, or she appears. Asomaban, F. Asomar, ind. impf. Sp. they appeared. Asomar, inf. pres. vn. to peep, to appear, to rise. Asombro, sm. astonishment, dread ; ind. 3s. asombra, is astonished. Aspereza, sf rugged steep, rugged- ness. Aspero-a, a. harsh ; severe, rugged, grating. Aspira, F. Aspirar, ind. pres. 3s. it, he, or she aspires, inhales. Aspiran, F. Aspirar, ind. pres. Sp. they desire. Aspirar, inf. pres. vn. to aspire, in- spire, inhale, aim at. Asqueroso-a, a. loathsome, filthy. Astro, sm. planet, star, luminary. 14* Astucia, sm. acuteness, slyness, cunningness, archness. Asturias, sub. prop.f. p. Asturias, a province in the north of Spain. Astuto-a, a. sly, acute, cunning, crafty ; s. a crafty person. Asunto, sm. affair, business, trans- action. Atajado, part. pas. intercepted, stopped ; having put an end. Atar, inf. va. to tie, to stop, to be embarrassed. Ataras, F. Atar, subj. 2 impf. 2s. wouldst or shouldst tie. Ataud, sm. coffin. Atemoriza, F. Atemorizar, ind. pres. 3s. terrifies. Atemorizar, inf. va. to terrify, to frighten, to^ptrike with terror. Atencion, sf. attention, civility. Atender, inf. vn. to attend, to fix the mind, or wait for. Atendiendo, F. Atender, ger. consi- dering, attending. Ateneo, sub. prop. m. Athenaeus, Athenaeum. Atener, inf. pres. vr. to stand to, to stick, to adhere. Atengo, F. Atener, ind. pres. Is. I stick to. Atento-a, a. attentive, polite. Aterran, F. Aterrar, ind. pres. Sp. they frighten. Atico-a, sm. Attick, Greek, poig- nant, keen. Atizando, F. Atizar, ger. kindling, stirring. Atormenta, F. Atormentar, ind pres. 3s. torments. Atormentado-a, ¥. Atormentar, part, adjec. tormented. Atormentan, F. Atormentar, ind. pres. Sp. torture. Atormentar, inf. pres. va. to tor- ment, to rack, to torture. Atractivo, sm. attraction, charm 161 AUN Atrae, F. Atraer, ind. pres. 3s. at- tracts, allures, or charms. Atravesaba, F. Atravesar, ind. impf 1 or 3s. crossed. Atravesando, F. Atravesar, ger. crossing, running through, pierc- ing. Atravesar, inf. va. to cross, to run through, to pierce. Atreve, F. Atrever, ind. pres. 3s. dares. Atrever, inf. vr. to dare, to be too bold, to venture. Atrevere, F. Atrever, ind. fat. Is. shall, or will dare. Atrevieron, F. Atrever, ind. pret. Sp. they durst. Atrevido-a, a. daring, bold. Atrevimiento, sm. bqj^ness, petu- lance, audacity. Atribuye, P. Atribuir, ind. pres. 3s. it, he, or she attributes. Atribuir, inf. va. to attribute, to as- cribe, to impute, to arrogate. Atronaba, F. Atronar, ind. impf 1 or 3s. made a great noise. Atronando, F. Atronar, ger. stun- ning. Augustamente, ad. augustly, mag- nificently. Aumentaba, F. Aumentar, ind. impf 1, 3s. increased, augmented. Aumentando, F. Aumentar, ger. augmenting, increasing. Audacia, sf audacity, boldness, courage. Audiencia, sm. audience, chamber, or court of oyer and terminer. Augusto, sub. prop. m. Augustus Csesar, the second emperor of Rome. Augusto-a, a. august, great. Aumento, sm. increase, enlarge- ment, augmentation. Aun, ad. yet, still; conj. notwith- standing. AVI Aunque, conj. though, when, if. Aura, sub. prop, f zephyrs. Aurora, sf the dawn. Ausencia, sf. absence, separation. Ausenta, F. Ausentar, ind. pres. 3s. absents* Ausentar, inf. vr. to absent one's self. Ausente, a. absent, separated. Ausentes, F. Ausentar, subj. pres. 2s. thou mayest absent thyself. Ausiliar, sm. auxiliary, help, aid. Austero-a, a. austere, rigid, stern. Austriaco, s. and adj. Austrian, or a native of Austria. Autorizado-a, part, authorized, ap- proved. Autor, sm. author, inventor. Avanzar, inf. va. or n. to advance, to push forward, to charge. Avanzo, F. Avanzar, ind. pres. Is. I advance. Avaro-a, a. sparing, avaricious; s. a miser. Avenida, s. a rise, a sudden arrival; an overflow. A ventura, sf. adventure, event, oc- currence. Ave, sf. bird, fowl. Aventuroso-a, a. fortunate, lucky, successful. Avergonzar, inf. va. to make a- shamed, to put to the blush. Avergonzo, F. Avergonzar, ind. pret. 3s. put to the blush. Averigua, F. Averiguar, ind. pres. 3s. ascertains. Averiguar, inf. va. to ascertain, to investigate, to find out. Averiguar an, F. Averiguar, ind. fut. Bp. will investigate. Avisado, part, and a. being inform- ed; discreet, prudent. Avivan, F. Avivar, ind. pres. 3p. they enliven. 162 BAN BAR Avivar, inf. va. to enliven, to en- courage, to heat, to inflame. Avivemos, F. Avivar, subj. pres. Ip. let us enliven ; may enliven. Ayer, ad. yesterday. Ayo, sm. tutor, governor. Ayuda, sf. help, assistance, aid ; ayuda de cdmara, valet. Ayudan, F. Ayudar, ind. pres. Sp. they help. Ayudando, F. Ayudar, ger. aiding, helping, assisting. Ayudar, inf. va. to aid, to help, to favour. Ayudaremos, F. Ayudar, ind. fut, \p. shall or will help. Ayudaron, F. Ayudar ; ind. pret. Sp. helped. Ayudo, F. Ayudar, ind. pres. Is. I help. Ayuno, sm. fast, abstinence. Ayuntamiento, sm. city council city hall. • Azote, sm,. scourge, calamity, lash Azogue, sm. quicksilver. Azucena, sf. white lily. Azufre, sm. brimstone, sulphur. Azulado-a, a. azure, blue. B Bachiller, sm. bachelor, a Bachelor of Arts. Bachiller, a. querulous, loquacious. Bailador-a, sm. male-dancer; sf. female-dancer. Bailar, inf. pres. vn. to dance, to move in a lively manner. Baile, sm. dance, ball. Baja, sub. prop. m. bashaw, a Turk- ish governor. Baja, F. Bajar, ind. pres. 3s. de- scends. Bajar, inf. pres. vn. to descend, to lessen, to diminish, to lower. Bajeza, sf. vileness, baseness. Bajo, sm. basement-story, base per- son ; a. low, common ; ad. under, beneath. Bajo, F. Bajar, ind. pret. 3s. came down. Balcon, sm. balcony. Balde, sm. bucket. Balde (de,) gratis, for nothing, also written, de valde. Balsamo, sm. balm. Baltasar, sm. prop. Balthasar, a man's christian name. Bando, sm. edict, order. Banado-a, part. adj. bathed, wet, drenched. Banando, F. Banar, ger. bathing, bedewing, or washing. Banar, inf. pres. va. to bathe, to immerse, to wash. Banaron, F. Banar, ind. pres. Sp, they bathed. Barbarie, sf. rusticity, incivility, roughness. • Barbaro-a, a. barbarous ; s. a bar- barian. Barbinegro, F. barba and negro, sm. black-bearded. Barca, sf vessel, boat. Barre, F. Barrer, ind. pres. 3s. he sweeps. Barrenar, inf. va. to sink, to bore, to pierce. Barreno, F. Barrenar, ind. pret. 3s. sunk. Barruntando, F. Barruntar, ger. conjecturing, foreseeing. Barruntar, inf. pres. va. to conjec- ture, to descry, to foresee. Bartolome, sub. prop. m. Bartholo- mew, a man's name. 163 BEN BLA Basta, F. Bastar, ind. pres. 3s. suf- fices, is enough, sufficient. Bastaba, F. Bastar, ind. impf. 1 or 3s. sufficed, was sufficient. Bastante, ad. enough, sufficient. Bastantemente, ad. sufficiently, enough. Bastar, inf. pres. vn. to be enough, sufficient, to be n#more wanting. Bastara, F. Bastar, ind.fut. 3s. will suffice, be sufficient. Bastimento, sm. vessel; provisions. Baston, sm. cane, stall, stick. Batalla. sf. battle, fight, struggle. Batallon, sm. battalion, a division of infantry. Bate, F. Batir, ind. pres. 3s. beats, fights, coins. Batio, F. Batir, ind. pret. 3s. beat, fought, or coined. Baucio, sub. prop. m. Baucio, a man's name. Bay eta, sf. baize, common cloth. Beatifica, F. Beatificar, ind. pres. 3s. beatifies. Beatificar, inf. va. to beatify. Beatitud, sf. beatitude, a title given to the Pope. Bebian, F. Bebcr, ind. impf 3p. were drinking, drank. Bebido-a, a. substan. drunk, a be- verage. Beleno, sm. hen-bane, an herb. Belico-a, a. warlike, military. Belle za, sf. beauty, decoration. Bellisimo-a, a. sup. most beautiful, most handsome. Bello-a, a. beautiful, handsome. Bendecir, inf. pres. va. to bless, to praise, to exalt, to consecrate. Bendice, F. Bendecir, ind. pres. 3s. blesses. Bendiciendo, F. Bendecir. ger. blessing. Bendijeron, F. Bendecir, ind. pret. 2p. they blessed. Bendito-«i, a. holy, blessed. Bendigan, F. Bendecir, subj. pres. Bp. they may bless. Bend^go, F. Bendecir, ind. pres. Is. I bless. Bendijesen, F. Bendecir, subj. impf. 'dp. they should bless. Beneficoncia, sf beneficence, good- ness, benevolence. Benef icio, sm. benefit, favour, cul- ture. Benefico, a. beneficent, kind, be- nevolent. Benevolencia, sf. benevolence, good- will, kindness. Benignisimo-a, a. most benign, most kind, most gracious. Benigno-a, a. benign, gracious, mild. Berlina, sf. landau, an open car- riage. Besan, F. Besar, ind. pres. Zp. they kiss. Besar, inf. pres. va. to kiss, to touch closely. Beso, F. Besar, ind. pres. Is. I kiss. Beso, F. Besar, ind. pret. 3s. kissed. Beso, sm. kiss. Betun, sm. bitumen, cement. Bien, ad. and a. well, good, very; de Men, honest, good; si Men, Men que, although. Bien, sm. good, blessing; well- being, property, estate. Bienaventurado-a, sub. a blessed, blissful. Bienaventurado-a, a. blessed. Bienhechor-a, sub. benefactor, bene- factress. Bigotes, sm. p. mustachoes. Bizarro-a, a. gallant, high-spirited, valiant. Blanco, a. white ; sm. end, aim. Blancura, sf. whiteness, a white spot on the eye. 164 BRE BUR Blando-a, a. soft, smooth, gentle. Blandura, sf. softness, delicacy. Bias, sub. prop. m. Bias, a man's name. Blasfemo-a, a. blasphemous. Blason, sm. blazon, laurel, glory. Blasones, sm. p. honour, glory, laurels ; armorial bearings. Boca, sf. mouth, opening, grate. Boda, sf. wedding, marriage. Bodega, sf. store-house, wine-vault. Bolsa, sf. pocket, purse, bag. Bolsillo, sm. purse, pocket. Bomba, sf. pump, bomb. Bondad, sf. goodness, kindness. Bonete, sm. bonnet, cap. Boote3, sub. prop. m. Bootes, a northern constellation. Borboton, sm. ebullition. Bordado-a, F. Bordar, a. s. em- broidery, embroidered. Borde, sm. brim, edge, bank, border. Borgona, sub. prop.f Burgundy, a province of France. Borra, F. Borrar, ind. pres. 3s. ef- faces or washes out. Borrar, inf. pres. va. to efface, to rub out ; to blot. Borrasca, sf. tempest, storm, danger. Borre, F. Borrar, ind. pret. Is. I effaced, or expunged. Bosque, sjn. wood, forest, wild. Bote, sm. boat ; canister. Botella, sf. bottle, glass vessel. Botica, sf. apothecary's shop. Boveda, sf. vault, cavern. Bracmanes, sub. p. m. Brahmins, the first caste or class among the Hindoos in India. Bramido, sm. shout, roaring, clash. Bravo, a. valiant, wild, angry. Bravo, inter, excellent, good. Brazo, sm. arm, (a part of the hu- man body.) Breve, a. short, brief. Breve, sm. apostolical brief, that is, a written message of the Pope addressed to magistrates, respect- ing matters of public concern. Brevedad, sf. brevity, conciseness, promptness. Breviario, sm. breviary, the book containing the daily service of the church of Rome. Brilla, F. Brillar, ind. pres. 3s shines. Brillan, F. Brillar, ind. pres. 3p they shine. Brillantemente, ad. brilliantly, ele- gantly, splendidly. Brillar, inf. pres. vn. to shine, to sparkle, to glitter. Brillo, F. Brillar, ind. pres. Is. I shine. Brio, S77i. spirit, force, courage. Brocado, sm. brocade. Broche, stti. clasp, hooks and eyes. Brillo, F. Brillar, ind. pret. 3s. shone. Bribon-a, sub. crafty person, rogue. Bronce, sm. bronze, brass, hard- hearted. Bruja, sf. a witch, spectre. Brutal, a. brutish, barbarous. Bruto-a, a. unpolished, rough ; s. a brute. Budeo, sub. prop. m. Budaeus, a writer of note. Buei, sm. ox, bullock. Buen, a. good; contract, ofbueno.— Grammar, R. XVIII. p. 148. Bueno-a, a. good, fine ; ad. well. Buhonero-a, sub. pedlar. Bullicioso-a, a. noisy, clamorous, turbulent, boisterous. Buque, sm. vessel. Burla, sf. ridicule, trick, fun, joke. Burla, F. Burlar, ind. pres. 3s. laughs at, or ridicules. Burlador, sm. wag, jester, scoffer. Burlar, inf. pres. va. to scoff, to laugh at, to disappoint. 165 CAD Busca, sf search, quest. Busca, F. Buscar, ind. pres. 3s. seeks, or selects. Buscaban, F. Buscar, ind. impf. 3p. they sought. Buscamos, F. Buscar, ind. pres. \p. we seek. Buscan, F. Buscar, ind. pres. 3p. thev seek, or choose. CAL Buscando, F. Buscar, ger. seeking. Buscar, inf. va. to seek, to search, to endeavour, to find out. Buscas, F. Buscar, ind. pres. 2s. thou seekest, or wishest. Busco, F. Buscar, ind. pres. Is. I seek. Busco, F. Buscar, ind. pret. 3s. sought. Ca, prep, because, for. It is obso lete now. Caballerito, sm. a young gentleman ; dim. of Caballero, gentleman. Caballeriza, sf. stable, and also the animals contained in it. Caballerizo, sf. hostler, head groom of a stable. Caballero, sm. knight, cavalier, gen tleman. Caballo, sm. horse ; horseman ; a caballo, on horseback. Caballera, sf. long hair, queue. Cabello, sm. hair. Caben, F. Caber, ind. pres. 3p. they can be contained. Caber, inf. pres. vn. to be contained or contain, to have room. Cabeza, sf head ; talents, a person, a commander. Cabia, F. Caber, ind. impf 3s. con- tained, could be contained. Cabida, sf place, entrance. Cabo, sm. end, termination, confine ; corporal, head-man. Cabra, sm. a goat. Cada, pron. indef. each, every, any. Cadalso, (Jose) sm. prop, a distin- guished Spanish poetic and prose writer of the last century. He is known by his Cartas Marrue- cas, or s Moorish Letters, 5 of which an edition, by Mr. Sales, has been published in this country; sub. prop. m. Cadalso. Cadalso, sm. scaffold, gibbet. Cadaver, sm. corpse, a dead body. Cadena, sf. chain, concatenation, series. Cae, F. Caer, ind. pres. 3s. falls, is caught. Caen, F. Caer, ind. pres. 3p. they fall. Caer, inf. vn. to fall, to become due, to be caught. Caiado, sm. See Cayado. Caida, sf fall, descent, overthrow. Caido, F. Caer, pari, fallen, being overthrown. Caigan, F. Caer, imp. pres. 3p. let them fall. Caigan, F. Caer, subj. pres. 3p. they may fall. Caigo, F. Caer, ind. pres. Is. I fall. Cal, sf. lime. Calabozo, sm. dungeon, prison. Calamidad, sf calamity, misfortune, devastation. Calderon, sub. prop. m. Calderon, one of the greatest, if not the greatest dramatic writer, that Spain has produced. Born at Madrid, in 1601 ; died 1687. Calentar, inf. pres. va. to warm, to heat, to urge, to press forward. Calesa, sf. calash, carriage, coach. 166 CAM CAR Calidad, sf. quality, term, Caliz, sf. chalice, cup of affliction, calix. Calla, F. Collar \ ind. pres. 3s. keeps silence. Calla, F. Callar, ind. pres. 2s. be thou silent. Callad, F. Callar, imp. 2p. be si- lent. Callado, F. Callar, part, concealed, hushed ; taciturn. Callan, F. Callar, ind. pres. 3p. they keep silence. Callar, inf. pres. vn. to keep silence, to conceal, to abate. Callaron, F. Callar, ind. pres. Sp. kept silence. Calle, F. Callar, imp. pres. 3s. let him be silent, or be you silent. Calle, F. Callar, subj. pres. 1 or 3s. may be silent. Calle, sf. street, road. Callo, F. Callar, ind. pres. Is. I do not say. Calor, sm. heat, warmth. Cama, sf. bed, couch. Camara, sf chamber, room, hall. Camarada, sf. comrade, companion. Camarin, sm. cabin, place behind an altar. Cambronera, sf. thorn, bramble, brier. Camina, F. Caminar, ind. pres. 3s. goes. Caminar, inf. pres. vn. to go, to walk, to travel. Camino, sm. road, way, path. Camisa, sf. shirt, linen ; en camisa, with coat and vest off. Campanal, sub. prop. m. Campanal, a personage in Gil Bias. Campanudo%, a. wide, puffed up, bell-like. Campana, sf. field, campaign. Campo, sm. country; field, camp, prairie. Cananea, sub. prop, f Canaan, or Judea, a country in Asia. Canciller, sm. chancellor. Candia, sub. prop. m. Candia, a Greek, eminent for his genero- sity. Candido-a, a. candid, frank, inge- nuous. Candor, sm. whiteness, candor. Canela, sf. cinnamon. Canoso-a, a. hoary, frosty. Cansado-a, part, substan. tiresome, fatigued, tired. Cansancio, sm. fatigue, weariness, lassitude. Canta, F. Cantar, ind. pres. 3s. sings. Canta, F. Cantar, imp. pres. 3s. sing thou. Cantabria, sub. prop, f Cantabria, or Biscay, a province of Spain. Cantado-a, F. Cantar, part. sung. Cantando, F. Cantar, ger. singing. Cantan, F. Cantar, ind. pres. Sp they sing. Cantar, sm. lay, song, tune. Cantar, inf. va. to sing. Cantares, sm. p. lays, songs. Cantaro, sm. pitcher. Cantidad, sf. quantity, sum. Canto, sm. lay, song, a glee. Capa, sf. cloak, mask, pretence. Capacidad, sf, capacity, talents, abilities. Capeto, sm. Capet, the celebrated Hugh Capet. Capitan, sm. captain, commander- in-chief, ringleader. Capacidad, sf. capacity, mind, ta- lents. Capaz, a. able, capable, skilful. Capitulo, sf. chapter, respect, charge. Capollo, sm. bud, gem, pod. Capiiz, sm. cloak, cover, cloud. Cara, sm. face, visage, countenance. 167 CAR CaU Caramente, a. dearly, bitterly, se- verely. Caracter, sm. character, disposition, letter. Caractericemos, subj. pres. \p. let us characterize. Caracterizar, inf. pres. va. to distin- guish, to characterize, to mark. Carcel, sf. jail, prison, dungeon. Cardenal, sm. Cardinal (a dignitary of the Catholic Church.) Cardeno-a, a. dark purple colour. Careceis, F. Carecer, ind. pres. 2p. ye, or you are in want of. Carecen, F. Carecer, ind. pres. Sp. they want. Carecer, ind. pres. vn. to want, to need, to be in want of. Careta, sf. mask, wire, cover. Carga, sf. burthen, load. Cargador, sm. freighter, he who loads any thing. Cargan, F. Car gar, ind. pres. Sp. they charge. Cargar, inf. pres. va. to load, charge, burthen. Cargo, sm. charge, trust, confidence, cargo, post, place. Caridad, sf. charity, kindness, alms. Carino, sm. fondness, tenderness, love, kindness. Carinoso-a, a. kind, affectionate, desirous. Caritativo-a, a. charitable, kind, good, friendly, benevolent. Carlo, sub. prop. m. Charles. Carlos, sub. prop. m. Charles. Carne, sf. flesh, meat. Carniceria, sf. carnage, havoc. Caro-a, a. dear; beloved. Carrera, sf field; race, course, ca- reer. Carreta, sf. cart, wagon. Carro, sm. wagon, chariot. Carroza, sf. coach, carriage, stage. Carta, sm. letter. Cartago, sm. prop. Carthage, a ce« lebrated city of Africa, which was destroyed by the Romans. Cartajines, sm. Carthaginian. Casa, sf. house, protection. Casado-a, a. married; sm. married man; sf. married woman, wife* Casamiento, sm. marriage, wedding, nuptials. Casiindo, or casandose con, F. Ca* sar, ger. marrying. Casar, or casarse con, inf. pres. va* to marry. Casco, sm. piece, cask, skull. Casi, ad. almost, very near. Casio, sub. prop. m. Cassius, a hero of antiquity. Caso, sm. case, event, fact; chance, circumstance. Caso, F. Casar, ind. pres. 3s. he married. Castiga, F. Castigar, ind. pres. 3s. it, he or she punishes. Castigar, inf. pres. va. to punish, to chastise. Castigase, F. Castigar, subj. 3 impf. 1 or 3s. should punish. Castigasen. F. Castigar, subj. 3 impf. Bp. they should punish. Cast! go, sm. punishment, chastise- ment. Castilla, sub. prop.f Castile, a pro- vince of Spain. Castillo, sm. castle, fortress, a forti- fied town. Casualidad, sf casualty, chance, unforeseen event. Catolico-a, a. universal, catholic ; s. a Catholic. Catorce, a. num. fourteen. Caudal, sm. treasure, property. Caudaloso-a, a. migllty, powerful (applied to rivers.) Caudillo, sm. ringleader, command- er, officer. Causa, sf. cause, reason, motive. 168 c£l CER Causante, sm. cause (he who, on C elan, F. Celar, ind. pres. Sp. they watch, or guard. Celar, inf. vn. and va. to watch, to preserve. Celebrado-a, a. celebrated, renown- ed. Celebro, sm. brain, sense, genius. Celeste, a. blue, azure, sky-colour Celestial, a. celestial, heavenly. Celo, sm. zeal, spl. celos, jealousy, Cenado, F. Cenar, part, supped. Cenando, F. Cenar, ger. supping. Cenar, inf. vn. and va. to sup, to sup on, to eat at supper, Centro, sm. centre. Ceniza, sf ashes, dust. Cenido-a, a. and part, circum- scribed, surrounded, limited, gir- dled, Cenidor, sm. belt, girdle. Cenit, sm. zenith, the highest de gree. Cenizas, sf. pi. ashes, Ceno, F, Cenar, ind. pres. Is. I eat at supper. Centincla, sf. sentinel, observer, Centro, sm. centre, middle, heart. Cenir, inf. va. to girdle, to sur- round, to environ, to contract. Ceno, sm. frown, supercilious as- pect. Cerca, ad. near, at hand; cerca de, near, nearly. Cerca, prep, concerning, with re- gard. Cercano, prep, near, approaching. Cerco, sm. circle, ring, circuit, siege. Cerda, sub. p. bristle. Ceremonia, sf ceremony, rite, Cerrado, a. shut, concealed. Cerrado, F. Ccrrar, part shut, con- cealed. Cerrojo, sm. bolt. Cervato, sm. a little or young deer. that which causes.) Causar, inf. pres. va. to cause, to occasion, to produce. Causo, F. Causar, ind. pres. Is. I cause. Causo, F. Causar, ind. pret. 3s. caused. Cautamente, ad. cautiously, Cautivo, sm. captive, slave. -Cautiverio, sm. captivity, bondage Caverna, sf. cavern, grotto. Cayado, sm. shepherd's hook, cro- sier. Cayendo, F. Caer, ger. falling, or tumbling. Cayeron, F. Caer, ind. pret Sp. they fell, they were caught. Cayese, F. Caer, subj. 2 imp. 1 or 3s. should fall. Cayo, F. Caer, ind. pret. 3s. fell, Caza, sf. chase, hunting. Cecilio, sm. prop. Cecil, a man's christian name. Cebolla, sf. onion. Cedido, F. Ceder, part granted, ceded. Cedula, sf. ballot, ticket, card. Cedulilla, sf ticket, card, slip of paper ; dim. of cedula. Cefiro, sm. zephyr (soft winds.) Ceguera, or ceguedad, sf blindness, hallucination. Cegar, inf. va. to blind, to dazzle, to obscure, to hallucinate. Cegar, inf. vn. to become or grow blind. Ceilan, sub. prop.f Ceylon, a large island in the Indian sea. Cejas, sf. p. eyebrows. Cejijiinto, F. Ceja and Junto, sm. a person having the eye -brows united. Cela, F. Celar, ind. pres. watches, fulfils, conceals. 15 169 CHI CIV Cervantes, (Miguel de) sub. prop, m. Cervantes, the greatest Span- ish novelist, and a very distin- guished dramatist. He is re- nowned over the world for his inimitable Don Quijote, or Don Quixote. Born in Alcali de He- nares, in 1547, died in 1616. Cerviz, sm. nape (the back part of the neck.) Cesar, sub. prop. m. Caesar, a title given to the first twelve Roman emperors. In this Spanish trans- lator, it generally means Julius Caesar, the greatest of all Roman generals. Cesar, inf. pres. vn. to cease, to ter- minate, to conclude. Ceso, F. Cesar, ind.pret. 3s. ceased, terminated. Cesped, sm. sod, or turf. Cetro, sm. sceptre, diadem. Chalupa, sf. cutter, sloop. Chance ando, F. Chancear, ger. jok- ing, jesting, beguiling. Chancear, inf. vn. to jest, to joke, to beguile. Chanza, sf. fun, joke, laughter. Charla, F. Charlar, ind. pres. 3s. talks or prattles. Charlar, inf. vn. to prattle, to talk, to babble. Charlas, F. Charlar, ind. pres. 2s. thou prattlest. Chaves, sxib. prop.f Chaves, a fe- male character in Gil Bias. Chico-a, a. small, little; s. child, little one, boy; sf girl. Chinchilla, sub. prop. m. Chinchilla, a fictitious character in Gil Bias. Chingala, sm. Cingalese, a native of Ceylon. Chiste, sm. witty saying, bon-mot, witticism, story. Chistoso, sub. a witty, jovial per- son. Chistoso-a, a. witty, graceful, jok- ing. Choza, sf. hut, cottage. Ciberia, sub. pi-op. f. Siberia, a country in Asia. Cicatriz, sf. cicatrix, scar. Ciceron, sub. prop. m. Cicero, the greatest of all Roman orators. Ciega, F. Cegar, ind. pres. 3s. daz- zles or blinds. Ciego-a, a. blind, hallucinated. Cielo, sm. heaven, celestial region. Cien, a. num. hundred. Ciencia, sf. science, art. Ciento, a. a hundred. Cierra, F. Cerrar, ind. pres. 3s. closes or shuts. Cierran, F. Cerrar, ind. pres. Sp. they enclose. Cierto-a, a. certain, being certain; por cierto, indeed. Cinco, a. num. five. Cincuenta, a. num. fifty. Cintura, sf. waist. Ciiien, F. Cenir, ind. pres. Sp. they surround, girdle. Cinera, F. Cenir, subj. impf. 1 or 3s. would surround. Circular, inf. va. to circulate, to make known. Circunspecto-a, a. circumspect, prudent, cautious. Circunstancia, sf circumstance, oc- currence, event. Circunstante, sm. bystander, be- holder, spectator. Citado-a, part, appointed, quoted, cited, summoned. Citador, sm. citer, quoter. Citeria, sub. prop. Cythera, the Venus worshipped in the island of that name. Ciudadano, sm. citizen. Ciudad, sf. city, town. Civil, a. civil, intestine, polite. 170 COJ €OM Clamas, F. Clamor, ind. prel. 2s. thou callest, claimest. Clamor, sm. clamor, call, whisper. Clara, sub. prop./. Clara, a woman's name. Clarear, inf. vn. to dawn, to grow ught. Claridad, sf. clearness, light, per- spicuity. Claro-a, a. clear; frank. Clavel, sm. pink, (a plant, or a flower.) Clavellina, sf. pink, carnation (a flower. ) Clavo, sm. nail ; corn ; misery. Clemencia, sf. clemency, mercy. Clemente, sm. merciful, clement. Clima, sm. climate, clime, region. Cobarde, a. cowardly, timid. Cobijado-a, F. Cobijar, part, adjec. covered, sheltered. Cobran, F. Cobrar, ind. pres. Bp. they gain, acquire collect. Cobrar, inf. pres. va. to receive, to recover, to gain esteem. Cobraron, F. Cobrar, ind. pret. Sp. they received. Cobre, sm. copper, brass. Coche, sm. coach, barouche. Coehin, sub. prop. m. Cochin, a city in Hindostan, India. Codicia, sf. covetousness, cupidity, greediness. Codicia, F. Codiciar, ind. pres. 3s. covets. Codician, F. Codiciar, ind. pres. Sp. they covet. Codiciar, inf. va. to covet, to desire eagerly. Codieioso, ad. greedy, cautious, diligent. Coecho, sm. bribe, subornation. Cofre, sm. box, chest, coffer. Coje, F. Cojer, ind. pres. 3s. catches. Cojer, inf. va. to catch, to seize ; to occupy ; to gull. Cojida, sf asylum, protection, roof. Cojiendo, F. Cojer, ger. catching. Coleccion, sf. collection, assembly. Colector, sm. collector, tax-gatherer. Colejid, F. Colejir, imp. pres. 2p infer ye. Colejio, sm. college, seminary. Colejir, inf. pres. va. to infer, to deduce, to draw consequences Colera, sf anger, choler, bile. Colerico-a, a. choleric, passionate, easily provoked. Colgaba, F, Colgar, ind. impf. 3s. hung. Colgar, inf. va. to hang up, to sus- pend, to adorn ; to hang. Colin, sub. pr.p. m. Colin, the name of a fictitious character. Colina, sf. hill ; eminence. Collados, sm. p. hills. Colmillo, sm. grinder (back tooth,) tusk. Colmo, sf. Heap, summit Colocan, F. Colocar, ind. pres. Sp. they place. Colocar, inf. va. to place, to arrange, to order, to provide. Colon, sub. prop. m. Columbus, the immortal discoverer of America. Coloquio, sm. coloquy, conversation. Color, sm. colour, hue, pretext. Colorado-a, a. ruddy, scarlet colour, blushing. Columna, sm. column, support, prop. Comarca, sf. territory, district. Comarcano-a, a. neighbouring, near bordering upon. Combate, F. Combatir, ind. pres. 3s. fights ; s. a fight. Combatir, inf. va. and n. to fight; to attack, to combat. Comedia, sf. play, comedy. Comence, F. Comenzar, ind. pret. Is. I began. Comer, inf pres. va. to eat ; to dine 171 COM COM Comircio, sm. commerce, trade, intercourse. Comenzar, inf. va. or vn. to com- mence, to begin. Comenzaran, F. Comenzar, ind, fut Sp. they will begin. Comenzaron, F. Comenzar, ind. pret. Sj). they began. Comenzo, F. Comenzar, ind. pres. 3s. began. Come ti do, F. Comeier, part* com- mitted, entrusted. Comida, sf. dinner, meal. Comido, F. Comer, part, dined, eaten. Comiendo, F. Comer, ger. eating. Comienza, F. Comenzar, ind. pres. 3s. begins. Comisario, sm. eommissary, deputy. Comision, sf. commission^ trust, committee. Como, conj. as, how, , why; as it were, like, as well as. Comodidad, sf. commodity, advan- tage, comfort. Comorin, sm. prop. Comorin, a cape in Hindostan Companero-a, s. companion, part- ner, associate. Compania, sf, company, partner- ship. Compadecen, P, Compadecer, ind. pres. Bp. they pity. Compadecer, inf. pres. vr. to pity, to commiserate, to feel for. Comparacion, sf. comparison, rela tion. Comparado, F. Comparar> part. compared. Comparta, F. Compartir, subj. pres. 1 or 3s. I may divide, share. Compartir. inf. pres. va» to arrange, to divide, to share. Compasa, (se) F. Compasar, ind*. pres. he adjures, accommodates^ adapts himself. Compasion, sf compassion, com- miseration, pity. Competente, a. competent, fit, fit for, adequate. Competir a, F. Competir, ind. fut.. 3s. will rival, compete. Compitieron, F. Competir, ind. pret- Sp. they vied, rivalled,. Complice, F. Complacer, ind. pres* 3s. he pleases. Complacencia, sf. complacency,, satisfaction, gratification. Completar, inf. pres. va. to com- plete, to consummate. Complice, sm. accomplice, asso- ciate, person concerned. Composicion, sf. composition, ad- justment. Comprado, F. Comprar, part- bought, betrayed. Compre, F. Comprar, ind. pret. 3s„ I bought. *Comprehenda, F. Comprehender? subj. pres. 1 or 3s. may compre- hend. *Comprehende, F. Comprehender* ind. pres. 3s. comprehends. *Comprehender, inf. va. to compre- hend, to understand. * Comprehension, sf comprehen- sion, understanding. Compuesto-a, a. composed, written*. Compuesto, F. Componer, part,. composed, written. Comun, sm. the people, the public ; a. common, vulgar. Comunica, F. Communicar, ind.. pres. 3s. communicates. Comunicacion, sf communication* intercourse. * These words are written also thus : comprenda x corner ende, comjrrender, come- prension«. CON CON Comunicar, inf va. to inform, to communicate. Con, prep, with, by, for ; con todo, yet, notwithstanding. C6ncavo-a, a. concave, hollow. Concebia, F. Concebir, ind. impf. 1 or 3s, I conceived. Concebir, inf. vn. or Da, to con- ceive ; to think. Concede, F. Conceder, ind. pres. 8s. grants. Cone e den, F. Conceder \ ind. pres. Sp. they grant. Conceder, inf. va. to give, to grant to bestow, to allow. Concedido-a, F. Conceder, part. conceded, granted, bestowed. Concepto, sm. conception, thought, idea. Concertado, F-. Concertar, part, ad- justed, settled, turned. Concertando, F. Concertar', ger. agreeing. Concha, sm. shell, tortoise Concibe, F. Concebir, ind. pres. 3s. conceives. Conciencia, sf. conscience, know- ledge, Concierto, sm. concert, agreement, arrangement, harmony. Conciliando, F, Conciliar, ger. con- ciliating, composing. Conciliar, inf. pres. va. to reconcile (a person to his fate,) to conci- liate. Concito, pret. 3s. it, he or she ex- cited. Concluir, inf. va. to conclude* Concluiran, F, Concluir, ind. fut. Sp. they will conclude. Concordar, inf. pres, va. to agree, to concur, to accord, to harmo- nize. Concordia, sf. concord, tranquillity, peace, harmony. 15* Concuerdan, F. Concordat, subj pres. Sp. they may agree. Concurrencia, sf frequentation, society, assembly, meeting, com- pany. Concurrieron, ind. pret. Sp. they attended, assisted. Concurrir, inf. pres. vn, to attend, to concur, to be possessed of, to meet Conciirso, sm. concourse, club, party, meeting, attendance. Concusion, sf. concussion, abuse of power, Conde (Jose Antonio,) sub. prop, Conde, the celebrated Spanish historian of The Domination of the Arabs in Spain, Unfortunate- ly for letters he died in 1820, be- fore the completion of his work^ Conde, sm. Count (a title of no- bility,) Condenacion, sf damnation, con* demnation. Condenado, sm. damned, con- demned. Condenado-a, F. Condenar, part, adjec. condemned, disapproved. Condenar, inf. pres. va. to condemn,, to be sentenced to, to damn. Condenaron, F. Condenar, ind. pret, Sp. they condemned. Condescend encia, sf condescend- ence, submission, yielding. Condescendia, F. Condescender, ind impf I or 3s. condescended. Condicion, sf. condition, situation, state ; temper, disposition. Condimento, sm. prudence, care, seasoning. Conducido-a, F. Conducir, part adjec. conducted, carried. Conducir, inf. va. to conduct, to superintend, to carry on. Conduzco, F. Conducir, ind. pres. Is. I carry on. 173 CON CON Conecsion, sf. connexion, relation, regard. Confesar, inf. va. to confess, to hear confession. Confese, F. Confesar, ind. prei. Is. I confessed. Confeso, F. Confesar, md. pret. 3s. confessed. Confesor, sm. confessor, owner. Confiado-a, part, and a. conceited ; relied ; confiding ; unsurprising. Confianza, sf confidence, boldness, assurance. Conflicto, sm. conflict, hazard, peri- lous situation. Conform aba, F. Conformar, ind. impf 3s. conformed to. Conforta, F. Confortar, ind. pres. 3s. comforts, strengthens. Confortar, inf. va. to comfort, to strengthen, to console. Confundir, inf. va. to confound, to entangle, to perplex. Confuso-a, a. confused, confounded, perplexed. Congoja, sf. anguish, dismay, anx- iety of mind. Congojoso-a, a. afflictive, torment- ing, anxious. Conjurado-a, s. conspirator, accom- plice, traitor. Conjurado, F. Confiirar, part, con- jured, conspired, exorcised. Conjurando, F. Conjurar, ger. asking for, entreating. Conjuro, sm. conjurer, he that uses charms or incantations. Conrmgo, prep, and pron. with me. Grammar, R. XXVI. note 2, p. 163. Conmiseracion, sf. commiseration, compassion, pity. Conmovtr, inf. va. to excite, to move, to disturb, to raise. Conmueve, (se) ind. pres, 3s. is moved, excited. Conoce, F. Conocer, ind. pres. 8s. knows. Conoce mos, F. Conocer, ind. pres, lp. know. Conocen, F. Conocer, ind. pres. Sp. they know. Conocer, inf. va. to know, to under- stand, to experience. Conocera, F. Conocer, md.fui. 3s. will know Conoces, F. Conocer, ind. pres. 2s. knowest. Conocia, F. Conocer, ind. impf I or 3s. knew. Conoeido-a, F. Conocer, part. known; s. an acquaintance. Conociendo, F. Conocer, ger. know- ing, being acquainted with. Conocieron, F. Conocer, ind. pret. 3p. they knew. Conocimiento, sm. knowledge, learning, acquaintance, friend- ship. Conocio, F. Conocer, ind. pret. 3s. knew. Conozcais, F. Conocer, subj. pres, 2p. you or ye may know. Conquista, sf. conquest, subjuga- tion. Conquistaban, F. Conquistar, ind, impf Sp. they conquered. Conquistador, sm. conqueror, victor. Consecuencia, sf. consequence, re- sult, inference. Conseguido, F. Conseguir, part obtained, accomplished, attained Conseguir, inf. va. to obtain, to succeed, to attain. Consejo, sm. advice, counsel, judg- ment, prudence. Consentimiento, sm. consent, con- nivance, permission. Conserva, F. Conservar, ind. pres, 3s. preserves. Conservacion, sf. preservation. 174 CON CON Conservado, part, preserved., guard- ed, secured. Conservan, F. Conservar, ind. pres. Sp. preserve. Conservar, inf. va. to preserve, to guard ; to pickle. Considera, F. Consider -or, ind pres. 3s. considers. Consideracion, sf. consideration, regard, contemplation. Considerando, F, Consider ar, ger. considering, thinking. Considerar, inf. va. to consider, to reflect, to think. Considerasen, F. Considerar, subj. imp. Sp. should consider. Consigan, F. Conseguir, subj. pres. Sp. they may obtain. Consigo, prep, and pron. with you, with himself, with themselves. Consiste, F. Consistir, ind. pres. 3s. consists. Consistfr, inf. vn. to consist, to be composed of, to be contained. Consolaba, F. Consolar, ind. impf 1 or 3s. comforted. Consolaban, F. Consolar, ind. impf. Bp. they consoled. Consolacion, sf. solace, consolation, comfort. Consolad, F. Consolar, imp. pres. 2p. comfort ye, or you. Consolado-a, a. consoled, solaced, comforted. Consolar, inf. va. to enable, to com- fort, to mitigate, to assuage. Consorte, sm. consort, partner, hus- band, or wife. Conspira, F. Conspirar, ind. pres. 3s. he conspires. Conspiracion, sf conspiracy, plot, cabal. Conspirador, sm. conspirator. Conspirando, F. Conspirar ger. conspiring, plotting, soliciting. Conspirar, inf. vn. to conspire, to plot, to co-operate. Consta, ind. pret. 3s. appears from, is corroborated by. Constan, F. Constar, ind. pres. Sp, appear, are evident. Constancia, sf constancy, immuta- bility. Constante, sm. constant, firm, unal- terable person. Constante, a. constant, steady. Constar, inf. v. imp. to appear from, to be evident, corroborated. Construccion, sf. construction, sense. Consuelan, F. Consolar, ind. pres. Sp. they comfort. Consuelo, s>m. consolation, relier, comfort. Consulta, sf consultation, advice. Consume, F. Consumir, ind. pres. 3s. consumes. Consumir, inf. va. to consume, to destroy, to waste, to fret. Contaban, F. Contar, ind. impf. Sp. they intended, or relied on. Contajio, sm. contagion, corruption. Contando, F. Contar, ger. trusting, or relying. Contar, inf. pres. va. to relate; to number ; to intend, to rely. Contempla, F. Contemplar, ind. pres. 3s. contemplates. Contemplaba, F. Contemplar, ind. impf. 1 or 3s. contemplated. Contemplar, inf. va. to contemplate. Contemplativo, a. sentimental, thoughtful. Contemplo, F. Contemplar, ind. pres. Is. I contemplate. Contender, inf. vn. to contend, to quarrel, to litigate, to discuss. Contendrian, F. Contender, subj. impf Sp. they would contend. Contener, inf. vn. to contain, to hold; to check one's self. 175 CON CON Contenido-a, adj. temperate. Contentamiento, sm. content, satis- faction. Contentar, inf. va. to satisfy, to gratify, to please. Contentisimo-a, a. super, most satis- fied, most content, most happy. Contento, sm. contentment, joy, Cont?nto-a, a. satisfied, content, cheerful. Contento, F. Contentar, ind. pres. Is. I satisfy. Contestar, inf. va. to reply, to an- swer, to confirm, to prove. Contesto, F. Contestar, ind. pres. Is. I reply. Contesto, F. Contestar, ind. pret. 3s. replied. Contienen, F. Contener, ind. pres. 8p. they contain. Contigo, prep, and pron, with thee, with thyself. Contiguo-a, a. contiguous, adjoin- ing. Continente, STTujcountenance, absti- nent person, the main. Continjente, sm. contingent, share; a. uncertain, fortuitous. Continuado, F. Continuar, part. continued, remained, protracted. Continuamente, ad. continually, al- ways, without intermission. Continual*, inf. vn. to continue, to last, to endure, Continuar, inf. va. to continue, to prosecute. Continuo, F. Continuar, ind. pres. Is. I continue. Continuo-a, a. continual, continu- ous. Conto, F. Contar, ind. pret. 3s. reckoned, counted. Contorno, sm. environ, outline. Contra, prep, against, contrary to. Contradecir, inf. vn. to contradict, to oppose, to repugn. Contradiction, sf. contradiction, re- sistance, opposition. Contradice, F. Contradecir, ind, pres. 3s. contradicts. Contrajese, F. Contraer, suhj. impf 1 or 3s. he should contract. Contrapeso, sm. check, counter- balance. Contrapuesto, F. Contraponer, parU adjec. opposed; opposite. Contrario-a, s. opponent, enemy ; a. contrary, opposed. Contraticmpo, sm. misfortune, ca- lamity, disappointment. Contribuia, F. Contribuir, ind. impf 1 or 3s. contributed. Contribuir, inf.va. to contribute, to pay one's share, to bear a part. Contristado-a, part, adjec. afflicted, melancholy, saddened. Conturba, (se) ind. pres. 3s. is agi- tated, awed. Conturbar, inf va, to disturb, to agitate, to disquiet. Convalecido-a, part, adjec. reco- vered, restored to health. Conveniente, a. convenient, useful, suitable, commodious. Convenir, inf. vn. to be convenient, fit, proper, or suitable. Convenir, inf pres. vn. to agree in opinion, to concur, to assemble. Conversacion, sf. conversacion, in- tercourse, familiarity, club. Conversar, inf. vn. to converse, talk. Convertido-a, a. converted, chang- ed, applied ; s. a convert. Convertir, inf. pres. va. to convert. Convida, F. Convidar, ind. pret. 3s. invites. Convidado-a, part, adjec. invited, allured ; s. guest. Convidando, F. Convidar, ger. in- viting, alluring. Convidar, inf. va. to invite, to al- lure, to excite desire. 176 C6R C6R Conviene, F. Convenir, ind. pres 3s. is convenient, suitable. Convierte, F. Convertir, ind. 3s. converts. Convite, sm. invitation, feast. Convocando, F. Convocar, ger. con voking, assembling. Copa, sf. cup, goblet, wine-glass. Copia, sub. collec. f abundance, a great number. Copla, sf. stanza, particularly those which contain four lines only. Coraje, sm. valour, courage, forti- tude; anger, wrath. Corazon, sm. heart, spirit, will, soul C6rbo-a, a. crooked, arched, bent ; s. a hunch-backed. Corderuela, sf. small rope, dim. of Cuerda. Corderuelo-a, sub. lambkin* dim. of Cordero. Cordoban, sm. morocco, leather. Cordoves, sm. Cordovian, a native of Cordova, a city in Spain. Corinto, sub. prop. m. Corinth, an ancient city in Greece. Corinto-a, a. Corinthian, an order of architecture. Cornelio, sub. prop. m. Cornelius, a man's name. Coro, sm. choir, chorus. Corona, sf. crown ; end, summit. Coronaba, F. Coronar, ind. impf. 1 or 3s. crowned. Coronaban, F. Coronar, ind. impf. 3p. they crowned. Coronando, F. Coronar, ger* crown- ing. Corpas, (Cecilio de) sub. prop. m. Corpas, a translator of the very few pieces, that are not origi- nally Spanish, inserted in this work. His version from the French has so much the cast of originality, that we have placed his name under the few of his translated small stories we have selected. Corre, F. Correr, ind. pres. 3s. runs, or rolls. Correjir, inf. va. to correct, to a- mend, to get over one's follies. Correr, inf. va. to run, to pass, to be current, to ravage. Corres, F. Correr, ind. pres. 2s. thou runnest, or passest away. Corresponde, F. Corresponder, kid. pres. 3s. corresponds, belongs, appertains to. Correspondiente, sm. correspondent, Correspondiente, a. conformable, agreeable to. Corria, F. Correr, ind. impf 3s. ran. Corrido, a. abashed, ashamed; run, terminated. Corriendo, F. Correr, ger. running, Comente, a. current, running; in- stant. Corrija, F. Correjir, subj. pres. 3s. I may correct. Corrija, F. Correjir, imp. pres. 3s. let it, him, or her correct. Corrije, F. Correjir, ind. pres. 3s. corrects. Corrijen, F. Correjir, ind. pres. 3p. they correct. Corrijio, F. Correjir, ind. pret. 3s. corrected. Com Ho, sin. company, clan, club, party, assembly, circle. Corrio, F. Correr, ind. pret. 3s. ran. orrompen, F. Corromper, ind. pres. 3p. they corrupt. Corromper, inf. va. to corrupt, to sully, to bribe. Corrompido-a, pari, adjec. corrupt- ed, seduced, bribed, suborned. Cortar, inf. va. to cut, to stop, to cut short. Corte, sf. court, capital ; ed^e. Cortea, F. Cortar, imp. pres. 3p. let them cut 177 CRE CRI Corten, F. Cortar, subj. pres. 3p. they may cut. Cortes, sub. prop. m. Cortes, the first conqueror of New Spain. Cortes, a. civil, courteous, polite. Cortes, sub. p.f. Cortes or Congress ( the National Assembly of Spain. ) Cortes ano, sm. courtier. Cortesano-a, a. courtly, courteous, gentle, polite. Cortes i a, sub. prop. f. courtesy, bow, compliment, gift. Cortesisimo-a, a. superl. most cour- teous, most polite, most gentle. Corteza, sf. rind, peal, cover, bark. Cortinilla, sf. a small curtain, dim. of Cortina. Corto, F. Cortar, ind. pret. 3s. cut. C6rto-a, a. short, small, imperfect, bashful. C6rto-a, s. a bashful or timid per- son. Cosa. sf. thing, little consequence. Cosa de,p7'ep. about. Cosecha, sf. crops, harvest, collec- tion. Costa, sf. cost, coast. Costar, inf. pres. vn. to cost, to suffer loss, to be had at a price. Costaria, F. Costar, subj. impf. 3s. it would cost. Costo, F. Costar, md. pret. 3s. cost. Costuinbre, sm. custom, manners, habit. Cotejo, sm. comparison, parallel. Covarde, a. coward, cowardly, pu- sillanimous. This word should always be spelled cobarde. Coyunda, sf. yoke, rope, matrimo- nial union, tie. Crece, F. Crecer, ind. pres. 3s. grows. Crecen, F. Crecer, ind. pres. Bp. they grow. Crecer. inf. vn. to grow, to increase, to swell. Crecia, F. Crecer, ind. impf. 3s. grew. Crecian, F. Crecer, ind. impf. Sp. they grew. Crecido-a, adj. and part, grown, increased ; large. Creciendo, F. Crecer, ger. growing, getting up. Crecieron, F. Crecer, ind. pret. 3p. they grew. Crecio, F. Creer, ind. pret. 3s. grew. Credito, sm. credit, reputation, be- lief, note, esteem. Credulo, sm. a credulous person, simpleton. Credulo, a. credulous. Creemos, F. Creer, ind. pres. Ip. believe. Creen, F. Creer, ind. pres. 3p. they believe. Creencia, sf. belief, faith. Creer, inf. va. to believe, to credit, to think, to be persuaded. Crei, F. Creer, ind. pret. Is. I thought. Creia, F. Creer, ind. impf. 3s. he believed. Crei an, F. Creer, ind. pres. 3p. they believed. Creo, F. Creer, ind. pres. Is. I be- lieve, I think. Crepusculo, sf. twilight, crepuscule. Creyendo, F. Creer, ger. believing. Creyo, F. Creer, ind. pret. 1 or 3s. thought, believed. Criador, sm. creator; he that rears, or trains. Criaba, F. Criar, ind. impf. 3s. created. Criado-a, s. servant, domestic ; pari created. Crianza, sf. breeding, education, manners. Criar, inf. pres. va. to create, to produce, to nurse, to bring up. 178 CUA CUL Criaste, F. Criar, ind.pret. 2s. thou hast created. Criasteis, F. Criar, ind. pret. 2p. you have created. Criatura, sf creature. Crie, F. Criar, subj. pres. 1 or 3s. create. Crie, F. Criar, ind. pret. Is. I created, or brought up. Crimen, sm. crime, offence. Criminal, s. and a. criminal, culprit. Crio, F. Criar, ind. pres. Is. I create. Crio, F. Criar, ind. pret. 3s. brought up, created. Cristal, sm. crystal, fine glass. Cristalino-a, a. crystalline, limpid, transparent. Cristiano-a, a. christian ; s. a chris- tian. Cristo, sub. prop. m. Christ. Cristobal, sub. prop. m. Christopher, a man's name. Critilo, sub. prop. m. Critilius, a fictitious character in Gracian. Crudo-a, a. raw, uncooked, horrid. Cruel, a. cruel, barbarous, tyranni- cal. Crueldad, sf. cruelty, barbarous treatment, inhuman action. Cruz, sf. cross. Cuadra, sf. parlour, drawing-room ; courtyard. Cuaja, F. Cuajar, md. pres. 3s. coagulates, or freezes. Cuajar, inf. vn. to freeze ; to pro- duce the desired effect. Cual, (el, la, los or las) pron. rel. n. or o. that, which, who; conj. how. Cual, ad. like, as, in the manner that ; this one, that one. Cualesquiera, indef. pron. p. who- ever, they who, any, whatever. Cualquiera, pron. indef. whatever, whoever, he who. Cuan, ad. how, how much Cuando, ad. when, in case. Cuanto-a, a. as much as, as many as, all ; that which ; ad. how much ; the more. Cuanto, s. all that, every thing, every person that; en cuanto a. as for, in regard to. Cuarenta, a. num. forty. Cuartel, sm. barrack. Cuarto, sm. quarto, a copper coin, 170 to a dollar, a rooni. Cuarto, a. num. fourth ; cuartos, s pi. money. Cuatro, a. num. four. Cubierta, sf. cover, pretence, deck of a vessel. Cubra, F. Cubrir, imp. pres. 3s. let him cover. Cubra, F. Cubrir, subj. pres. 3s. he may cover. Cubre, F. Cubrir, ind. pres. 3s. covers. Cubre, F. Cubrir, imp. pres. 2s. cover thou. Cubren, F. Cubrir, ind. pres. Sp. they cover. Cubrian, F. Cubrir, ind. impf. Sp. they covered. Cubrir, inf. va. to cover, to dissem- ble, to cloak, to mask. Cuchillo, sm. knife, dagger. Cuello, sm. neck, collar. Cuenta, sf. account, bill, narration. Cuenta, F. Contar, ind. pres. 3s. counts, relates, or relies on. Cuero, sm. hide, skin, leather. Cuerpo, sm. body, frame ; volume. Cuesto, F. Costar, ind. pret. Is. cost. Cueva, sf. cave, cavern, cavity, grotto. Cuidado, sm. care, anxiety, atten- tion. Cuidaremos, F. Cuidar, ind. fat. ~\p. we shall or will take care. 179 DE DEB Culpa, sf. blame, fault, offence. Culpable, sm. culpable, blameable Cultivado-a, F. Cidtivar, a. culti- vated, cultured. Cultivo, sm. cultivation ; practice. Culto, sm. religion, worship ; a wise, learned. Cuinbre, sf. summit, pinnacle crown. Cumpla, F. Cumplir, subj.pres. Bs may fulfil, accomplish. Cumplido-a, a. part, polished, civil, gifted, fulfilled. Cuna, sf. cradle, birth-place. Ciino, sm. mint. Cupido, sub. prop. m. Cupid, a fab- ulous deity. Cura, sf. a cure, healing. Cura, sm. curate, vicar. Curado-a, a. cured, healed. Curiosidad, sf. curiosity, rarity. Curioso-a, s. and a. a curious, strange. Curso, sm. course, way, direction. Curtir, inf. va. to imbrown, or burn by the sun, to tan leather. Cuyo-a, pron. rel. n. or o. whose, of which, of whom. Czar, sub. prop. m. Czar, the Em- peror of Russia. D Da, F. Bar, ind. pres. Bs. gives. Daba, F. Bar. ind. impf. 1 or 3s. gave, did give. Daban, F. Bar, ind. impf. Sp. they gave. Dadiva, sf. gift, grant, boon. Dado, F. Bar, part, given, granted; conj. dado que, provided. Dama, sf. lady, dame. Dan, F. Bar, ind. pres. Bp. they give. Dando, F. Bar, ger. giving. Dan an, F. Banar, ind. pres. Bp. they injure, hurt. Danar, inf. pres. va. to injure, to spoil, to hurt, to damage. Dano, sm. mischief, evil, injury. Daiioso-a, adj. hurtful, injurious. Dar, inf. pres. va. to give, to strike, to confer, to bestow. Dara, F. Bar, ind. fat. 3s. will give. Dare, F. Bar, ind. fut. Is. I shall or will give. Daria, F. Bar, suj. impf. 1 or 3s. would, should give. Das, F. Bar, ind. pres. 2s. thou givest. De, prep, of, in, from, at, with, to, off, by. De, F. Bar, subj.pres. 1 or 3s. may give. Debajo, prep, under, below. Deban, F. Beber, subj. pres. 3p. they must, should, or may owe. Debas, F. Beber, subj.pres. 2s. thou shouldst, or mayst owe. Debe, F. Beber, ind. pres. 3s. must, should; owe. Debemos, F. Beber, ind. pres. Bp. we ought, we must, we owe. Deben, F. Beber, ind. pres. Bp. must, ought, owe. Deber, sm. duty, obligation. Deber, inf. pres. v. aux. must, should; va. to owe, to be in- debted. Debes, F. Beber, ind. pres. 2s. thou oughtest, or owest. Debia, ind. impf. 1 or 3s. was to, should, ought to. Debido-a, a. due, owed ; dutiful. Debil, a. weak, feeble. DebiMad, sf. debility, languor, pusillanimity. 180 BED DEJ Debilitado-a, a. debilitated, weak ened, enfeebled, extenuated. Debilitar, inf. va. to debilitate, to weaken, to enfeeble. Debio, F. Deber, ind.pret. 3s. owed ; ought to. Debo, F. Deber, ind. pres. Is. I must, ought, owe. Decaido, F. Decaer, pari, decayed, fallen, low-spirited. Decencia, sf. decency, honesty, modesty. Decente, a. decent, modest, honest. Decia, F. Decir, ind. impf. 1 or 3s. said, was saying. Dec! an, F. Dear. ind. impf. Bp. they said. Decid, F. Decir, imp. pres. 2p. say ye or you. Decidio, (se) ind.pret. 3s. decided, it was determined. Decidir, inf. va. to decide, to deter- mine, to resolve. Decimo-a, a. num. tenth. Decimocuarto-a, a. num. fourteenth. Decir, inf. va. to say, to assure, to correspond. Decision, sf. decision, resolution, disposition. Declama, F. Declamar, ind. pres. 3s. declaims. Declarado-a, pari, adjec. declared, known, determined. Declarar, inf. va. to declare, to con- fess, to depose. Declaro, F. Declarar, ind. pret. 3s. declared. Declinando, F. Declinar, ger. de- clining, sinking, shunning. Decoraban, F. Decor or, ind. impf. Sp. they decorated. Decoroso-a, adj. decorous, beco- ming. Dedicar, inf. va. to dedicate, to consecrate, to inscribe. 16 Dedicado-a, part, and a. engaged, occupied in ; given up to. Dedo, sm. finger. Defender, inf. va. to defend, to pro- tect, to assert, to resist. Defendieron, F. Defender, ind. pret. Sp. they defended. Defendiesen, F. Defender, subj. impf. Sp. they should defend. Defecto, sm. defect, error, mistake. Defensa, sf defence, shelter. Defensor, sm. defender, protector; lawyer. Defiendan, F. Defender, subj. pres. Sp. may defend. Defiende, F. Defender, ind. pres. 3s. defends. Definitivo-a, a. definitive, positive. Degrada, F. Degradar, ind. pres. 3s. degrades. Deidad, sf. deity, God. Deis, F. Dar, subj. pres. 2p. you may deliver. Deja, F. Dejar, imp. pres. 2s. re- linquish, or permit thou. Deja, F. Dejar, ind. pres. 3s. re- linquishes. Dejaba. F. Dejar, ind. impf. 1 or 3s. I left. Dejad, F. Dejar, imp. pres. Sp. per- mit, or relinquish ye. Dejado, F. Dejar, part, left; per- mitted ; s. neglectful person. Dejan, F. Dejar, ind. pres. Sp. they relinquish, or permit. Dejando, F. Dejar, ger. leaving, permitting. Dejar, inf. va. to leave, to relin- quish, to let, to permit, to be- queath ; dejar de, to fail to. Deje, F. Dejar, ind. pret. Is. I left, or relinquished. Deje, Dejar, imp. pres. 3s. let him leave, or leave you. Dejemos, F. Dejar, imp. pres. lp. we may permit. 181 DEM DER Dejeneran, F. Dejenerar, ind. pres. 3p. they degenerate. Dejenerando, F, Dejenerar, ger. degenerating, becoming. Dejenerar, inf. vn. to become, to degenerate into, to grow base. Dejenerarian, subj. impf. Bp. would degenerate into. Dejenere, subj. fut. 1 or 3s. she may, or should degenerate. Dejo, F. Dejar, ind. pres. 3s. I leave off. Dejo, ind. pret. 3s. he left or let; dejo caer, he dropped. Del, prep, and art. of, in, from the ; of, in, from him. Delante, ad. before, the forepart, Delatar, inf. va. to accuse, to im- peach, to denounce, to inform. Deleitar, inf. va. to please, to de- light, to give pleasure. Deleite, sm. delight, pleasure. Deleitoso-a, a. agreeable, pleasing, delightful. Delfos, sub. prop. m. Delphi, a pagan temple, erected by Delphus, and dedicated to Apollo, his father. Delicadeza, sf delicacy, tenderness, effeminacy, perspicacity. Delicado-a, a. delicate, pleasing, elfeminate, nice, slender. Delicia, sf. delight, comfort, satis- faction. Delicioso-a, a. delightful, delicious, pleasing. Delincuente, sm. delinquent, culprit, prisoner, delinquency. Delineado, part, delineated, pour- trayed, sketched, described. Delio, sub. prop. m. Delius. Delirio, sm. delirium, rant, idle talk. Delito, sm. crime, transgression, offence. Demas, (los, or las demas) pron. indef the rest, the other, it. Demas, prep, independently, be- sides. Demostracion, sf. demonstration, proof, manifestation. Denominacion, sf denomination, distinct appellation. Denominaron, (se) pret. ind. Sp. derived their name, were denomi- nated. Denso, a. thick, dense. Dentro, or dentro de, prep, in, with- in, inside of; far into. Deplorable, a. deplorable, lamenta- ble, calamitous, bewailing. Depone, F. Deponer, ind. pres. 3s deposes, leaves. Deponer, inf. va. to depose, to de- clare, to affirm, to displace. Depositamos, F. Depositor, ind. pret. Ip. we deposited. Depositor, inf. va. to deposite, to confide, to intrust, to confer. Depositario, sm. depositary, reposi- tory. Derecho, a. straight, just, lawful; s. law, right. Deriva, F. Derivar, ind. pres. 3s. derives. Derivar, inf. va. to derive, to de- duce, to infer. Derramado-a, F. Derramar, part, abs. shed, diffused, spread. Derramando, F. Derramar, ger. spilling, shedding. Derramar, inf. va. to shed, to spread, to pour forth. Derramara, F. Derramar, subj. impf 1 or 3s. would shed. Derramara, F. Derramar, ind. fat. 3s. will pour forth. Derrame, F. Derramar, subj. pres. 3s. may shed. Derramo, F. Derramar, ind. pret. 3s. shed. Derredor, sm. circuit, circumfe rence ; adv. arround. 182 DES DES Derribado-a, F. Derribar, part, abs. overthrown, crushed. Derribaron, F. Derribar, ind. pret. 3p. they demolished. Desabrido-a, a. insipid, rugged, cragged, sour, hard. Desagradaba, F. Desagradar, ind. impf. 3s. did displease. Desagradaban, F. Desagradar, ind. impf. Sp. they displeased. Desagradar, inf. va. to displease, to cause discontent. Desagradecido-a, a. unthanked, un- grateful, not thanked for. Desaire, sm. a slight, disdain, scorn. Desalentado-a, a. discouraged, dis- mayed, put out of breath. Desembarazadamente, ad. freely, without embarassment. Desanimar, (se) vr. to be disheart- ened, to be discouraged. Desapacible, a. disagreeable, un- pleasant, sharp. Desaparecen, F. Desaparecer, ind. pres. Sp. they disappear. Desaparecer a, F. Desaparecer, ind. fut. 3s. will disappear. Desapoderado-a, a. dispossessed ; furious, huge, ungovernable. Desarmado-a, a. disarmed, disband- ed^ dismounted, pacified. Desarmado, F. Desarmar, part, dis- armed. Desarreglado-a, a. immoderate, in- temperate, unrestrained. Desarreglado, part, disordered, dis- composed, confounded. Desatinado-a, a. extravagant, ex- cessive, impetuous ; s. crazy. Desatan, F. Desatar, ind. pres. Sp. they dissolve, untie. Desatar, inf. va. to loosen, to untie, to dissolve, to separate. Desautorizado, part, unauthorized ; not respected. Descaecer, inf. vn. to decline, to decay, to droop, to fade. Descaeciesen, F. Descaecer, subj. impf Sp. they should decline. Descalzando, F. Descalzar, ger. pulling off (the shoes or boots.) Descaminado-a, part, adjec. stray, lost, entangled, misguided. Descansa, F. Descansar, imp. pres. 2s. repose thou. Descansa, F. Descansar, ind. pres 3s. reposes. Descansaba, F. Descansar, ind impf 3s. reposed. Descansar, inf. vn. to repose, to rest, to lean upon, to sleep. Descanso, sm. repose, relaxation, rest, tranquillity. Descaradamente, adv. impudently, shamelessly. Descarado-a, adj. shameless, impu- dent, barefaced. Descarga, F. Descargar, ind. pres, 3s. discharges. Descargar, inf. va. to discharge, to unload, to land. Descender, inf. vn. to descend, to proceed, to let down. Desciende, F. Descender, ind. pres. 3s. descends. Desciendo, F. Descender, ind. pres. 3s. descends, go down. Descifrar, inf. va. to decipher, to unravel, to make out. Descomunal, a. huge, ponderous, uncommon. Desconcertado-a, part, being con- fused, perplexed. Desconcierto, sm. confusion, disa- greement. Desconocido-a, a. unknow T n, foreign, disavowed. Desconocer, inf. va. to disown, to be unacquainted. Desconoces, F. Desconocer, ind. pres. 2s. thou dost not know. 183 DES DLS Desconfiado-a, F. Desconflar, adj. despairing of. Descontento, sm. discontent, dissa- tisfaction, displeasure. Descripcion, sf description, de- lineation. Descubierto-a, part, adjec. uncover- ed, unprotected, open, forlorn. Descubierto, F. Descubrir, part. discovered, found out, detected. Descubre, F. Descubrir, ind. pres. 3s. discovers. Descubria, F. Descubrir, ind. impf. 1 or 3s. discovered. Descubriendo, F. Descubrir, ger. discovering, finding out. Descubrieron, F. Descubrir, ind. pret. Sp. they disclosed. Descubriese, F. Descubrir, subj. impf. 1 or 3s. should discover. Descubrio, F. Descubrir, ind. pret. 3s. discovered. Descubrir, inf. pres. va. to discover, to find out, to disclose. Descuidado-a, a. neglectful, care- less ; s. a careless person. Descuidado, F. Descuidar, part. neglected, omitted. Desdenar, inf. va. to disdain, to scorn. Desdenes, F. Desdenar, subj. pres. 2s. you may disdain. Desde, prep. from. Desden, sm. disdain, disregard, con- temn. Desdicha, sf. misfortune, unhappi- ness. Desdichado-a, s. an unfortunate, miserable, or pitiful person. Desdichado, a. unfortunate, unsuc- cessful, unhappy, miserable. Desdoro, sm. dishonour, treason, blemish. Desea, F. Desear, ind. pres. 3s. desires. Deseaba, F. Desear, ind. impf. 1 oi 3s. desired. Deseais, F. Desear, subj. pres. 2p. ye or you may desire. Deseado-a, a. desired, wished, longed for. Desean, F. Desear, ind. pres. 3p. they desire. Deseas, F. Desear, ind. pres. 2s. thou desirest, dost desire. Desear, inf. va. to wish, to desire, to long for, to demand. Desechar, inf. pres. va. to throw off, lay aside, expel. Deseen, F. Desear, subj. pres. Sp. they may desire. Desees, F. Desear, subj. pres. 3s. you may desire. Desembarcando, F. Desembarcai , ger. debarking. Desembarcar, inf. va. to unload, to disembark, to land. Desempeiiar, inf. pres. va. to fulfil, to accomplish, to redeem. Desenfado, sm. calmness, coolness, tranquillity, facility. Desenfrenado, F. Desenfrenar, part. unbridled, carried away. Desenfrenar (se) va. or ref to launch one's-self into, to be car- ried away. Desenganado-a, a. undeceived, dis- abused. Desenganador-a, sub. undeceiver, he who frees from error. Desenganara, F. Desenganar, ind. Jut. 3s. will undeceive. Desenredar, inf. va. to disentangle, to clear up, to put in order. Desenterrar, inf. va. to unbury, to dig up, to disinter. Desenvuelto-a, F. Desenvolver, a part, forward, lively; unfolded Deseo, sm. desire, wish. Deseo, F. Desear, ind. pres. Is. I desire 184 DES DES Dese6so-a, a. desirous, anxious ; part, being anxious. Desesperacion, sf. desperation, des- pair. Desesperado, part, adjec. despaired; despairing. Desesperar, vn. to despair, to de- spond. Desesperes, F. Desesperar, subj. pres. 2s. thou mayest despair. Desestimar, inf. pres. va. to disre gard, not to pay attention to. Desestimo, F. Desestimar, ind.pres. Is. I disregard. Desestimo, ind. pret. 3s. he disre- garded, disesteemed. Desfallecido-a, F. Desfallecer, part. pined, fallen away, broken down. Desfigurado-a, part, adjec. disfi gured, deformed, disguised. Desgracia, sf. misfortune, infelicity, adversity. Besgraciado-a, a. unfortunate, un successful, unlucky. Deshacer, inf. va. to undo, to efface ; vr. to melt into ; to get rid of. Deshauciado-a, part, adjec. given up (by the physicians.) Deshecho, a. undone, mixed. Deshiciese, (se) F. Deshacer, subj. 3 impf 1 or 3s. should get rid, Deshonestidad, sf. dishonesty, want of candour, immodesty. Deshonesto-a, a. immodest, un- chaste, lewd. Desierto, sm. desert, wilderness. Designio, sm. design, intention, sinister scheme. Desinteres, sm. liberality, disregard, disinterestedness. Disinteresado-a, a. disinterested, not selfish. Desistiese, F. Desistir, subj. 3 impf. 1 or 3s. should desist. Desistir, inf. vn. to desist, to cease, to abandon. 16* Deslumbrado-a, a. dazzled, con- fused, perplexed. Deslustrar, inf. va. to tarnish, to sully. Desmaya, F. Desmayar, ind. pres. 3s. faints. Desmayaba, F. Desmayar, ind. impf 1 or 3s. fell into a swoon. Desmayado, a. dismayed, sunk, ap- palled, discouraged. Desmayar, inf. va. to dispirit, to frighten. Desmayar, inf. vr. to faint, to fall into a swoon. Desnudar, inf. va. to strip off, to discover, to reveal, to undress. Desnudo, F ..Desnudar, ind. pres. Is. I strip. Desnudo, a. naked, bare, uncover- ed. Desorden, sm. disorder, disturbance, confusion. Despacha, F. Despachar, ind. pres. 3s. sends her away. Despachar, inf. va. to despatch, to sell, to send away. Despacho, F. Despachar, ind. pres. Is. I despatch, sell. Despacho, F. Despachar, ind. pret. 3s. sold, despatched. Despavorido-a, part, adjec. terrified, frightened. Despedazaban, F. Despedazar, ind. impf. 3p. they tore. Despedazado-a, part, adjec. torn to pieces, destroyed, lacerated. Despedazan, F. Despedazar, ind. impf. Sp. tear. Despedazar, inf. va. to tear, to cut to pieces, to rend, to lacerate. Despedia, F. Despedir, ind. impf. 1 or 3s. dismissed, or shed. Despedian, F. Despedir, ind. impf. Sp. they dismissed. Despedir, inf. va. to dismiss, to discharge, to deny, to refuse. 185 DES DES Despeno, F. Despenar, ind. pret. 3s. he precipitated. Despertar, inf. pres. va. to awaken to rouse frora sleep, to excite, to recall. Despertasteis, F. Despertar, ind. pret. 2p. you, or ye awoke. Despiadado-a, a. unmerciful, unre- lenting, cruel, inhuman, profli gate. Despide, F. Despedir, ind. pret. 3s. discharges, or takes leave. Despidio (se) F. Despedir, ind. pret. 3s. took leave; discharged. Despiertan, F. Despertar, ind. pres. Sp. they awake. Despierto-a, a. awake, vigilant, brisk. Despierto, F. Despertar, part. awake. Desplegar, inf. va. to unfold, to dis- play, to explain, to expand. Desplego, F. Desplegar, ind. pret. 3s. unfolded. Despojado-a. a. stript, undressed, bereft, deprived. Despojado, F. Despojar, part. stripped, undressed, dismissed. Despojando, F. Despojar, ger. strip- ing, undressing. Despojar, inf. va. to strip, to un- dress. Despojo, F. Despojar, ind. pres. Is. I strip. Despojo, F. Despojar, ind. pret. 3s. stripped. Despojo, sm. spoil, spoliation. Despotico-a, a. despotic, absolute, tyrannical. Desprecio, sm. contempt, scorn, disregard. Desprecia, F. Despreciar, ind. pres. 3s. despises. Despreciable, a. despicable, con- temptible. Despreciado-a, F. Despreciar, part, despised, condemned. Despreciando, F. Despreciar, ger. despising. Despreciar, inf. va. to despise, to depreciate, to disdain. Desprecias, F. Despreciar, ind. pres. 2s. thou despisest. Desprecio, sm. contempt. Desprecio, F. Despreciar, ind. pret. 3s. despised. Desproveido-a, a. unprovided, un- prepared, heedless, improvident. Despues, or despues de, prep, and ad. after; afterwards. Despues que, conj. since, from the time that. Desquitan, F. Desquitar, ind. pres. Sp. they repair. Desquitar, inf. va. to retrieve, to repair, to avenge. Desterrado-a, F. Desterrar, part. banished; s. an exile. Desterrar, inf. va. to banish, to ex- pel, to drive away. Desterro, F. Desterrar, ind. pret. 3s. banished. Destierro, sm. exile, banishment. Destilan, F. Destilar, ind. pres. Sp. they drop, distil. Destilar, inf. vn. to drop, to extract by a still, to filter. Destinado-a, a. destined, doomed, consigned. Destino, sm. destiny, doom, fate, lot, destination. Destituido-a, part. abs. deprived, destitute, stripped. Destreza, sf dexterity, address, skill. Destruccion, sf. destruction, ruin, devastation. Destruian, F. Destruir, ind. impf Sp. they destroyed. Destruir, inf. va. to destroy, to ruin, to lay waste, to raispend. 186 DEU DIF Destruyendo, F. Destruir, ger. de- stroying, laying waste. Desvalido-a, a. helpless, destitute. Desvario, sm. delirium, extravagant speech, nonsense. Desvela, F. Desvelar, ind. pres. 3s. it, he, or she watches. Desvelar, inf. va. to watch for, to keep awake. Desvelar, inf. vr. to be vigilant, to be watchful. Desvelen, F. Desvelar, subj. pres. Sp. they may perceive. Desvelo, sm. wakefulness ; exer- tion, zeal, energy. Desvelo, F. Desvelar, ind. pres. Is. I watch. Desventura, sf misfortune, calam- ity, misery. Dervergiienza, sf. impudence, pe- tulance. Detenemos, F. Detener, inf. pres. \p. we stop. Determina, F. Determinar, ind. pres. 3s. determines. Determinado-a, part, adjec. deter- mined, resolute, bold, coura- geous. Determinare, F. Determinar, subj. fat. 3s. I should determine. Determine, F. Determinar, subj. pres. 1 or 3s. may determine. Determino, F. Determinar, ind. pret. 3s. it, he, or she determined. Detener, inf. va. to detain, to stop, to arrest, to reserve, to keep. Detenido-a, a. sparing, parsimo- nious, slow, inert. Detenido, F. Detener, part, stopped, detained, arrested. Detiene, F. Detener, ind. pres. 3s. it, he, or she detains. Detuviesen, F. Detener, subj. 3 impf. Sp. they should stop. Detuvo, F. Detener, ind. pret. 3s. it, he, or she detained Deuda,. sf. debt, obligation. Deudo, sm. relationship, kindred, consanguinity. Deudor, am. debtor, a person in- debted. Devoraba, F. Devorar, ind. impf 1 or 3s. devoured. Di, F. Dar, ind. pret. Is. I gave; F. Decir, say thou. Dia, sm. day. Dia, ad. day-time, Diamante, sm. diamond, a precious gem. Dice, F. Decir, ind. pres. 3s. says. Dicen, F. Decir, ind. pres. Sp. they say, it is said. Dices, F. Decir, ind. pres. 2s. thou sayest. Dicha, sf happiness, felicity, luck. Dicho, sm. saying, expression. Dicho, F. Decir, part, said, being said. Dich6so-a, a. happy, felicitous, for tunate, prosperous. Diciendo, F. Decir, ger. saying, having said. Dictado-a, a. dictated, actuated, commanded. Dictado, F. Dictar, part, dictated, ordered. Dictando, F. Dictar, ger. dictating, or ruling. Dictar, inf. va. to dictate, to speak authoritatively, to command. Diego, sub. prop. m. James, a man's christian name. Diestro-a, a. dexterous, smart, skil ful, sagacious, cunning, right. Diese, F. Dar, subj. fat. should give ; diese a luz, were it pub- lished. Diesen, F.Dar, subj. impf Sp.th.ej might give. Diez, a. num. ten. Diferencia, sf. difference, incongru- ity, misunderstanding. 187 DlJ DIS Diferencian, F. Diferenciar, ind pres. Bp. they differ. Differencial", inf. vn. to differ; va to cause a difference. Diferente, a. different, dissimilar, unlike. Dificil, a. difficult, arduous. Dificultad, sf. embarrassment, en- tanglement, obstacle. Dificultoso-a, a. difficult, trouble- some, hard. Difunto-a, sub. and a. defunct, de- funct, deceased, late person. Dieron, ind. pres. Bp. they gave ; die ran gar rote, strangled. Diese, snbj. impf. 1 or 3s. should give, render, show. Diestro-a, a. right ; 8. right-hand. Diga, F. Decir, imp. pres. 3s. let him say, or say you. Diga, F. Decir, subj. pres. 1 or 3s. I or it, he or she may say. Digas, F. Decir, subj. pres. 2s. thou may est say. Digna, (te) F. Dignar, imp. pres. 2s. vouchsafe, or deign thou. Dignado, F. Dignar, part, deigned, been pleased. Dignar, inf. vr. to deign, to vouch safe, to condescend. Dignidad, sm. dignity, advance- ment, preferment. Digno-a, a. worthy, deserving, con- dign. Digo, F. Decir, ind. pres. Is. I say. Dijerais, F. Decir, subj. 2 impf. Bp. ye would say. Dijerir, inf. pres. va. to digest, to bear with patience. Dije, F. Decir, ind. pret. Is. I said. Dijeron, F. Decir, ind. pret. Bp. they said. Dijese, F. Decir, subj. 3 impf 1 or 3s. he should tell. Dijo, F. Decir, ind. pret. 3s. he or she said. Dilacion, sf. delay, procrastination, dilation. Dilatado, a. delayed; sub. a slow man. Dilatadisimo, a. sujyer. very much delayed. Dilatar, inf. va. to dilate, extend, defer. Dinero, sm. money, wealth. Dio, F. Dar, ind. pret. 3s. gave. Diojenes, sub. prop. m. Diogenes, a cynic of antiquity. Diom'sio, sub. prop. m. Dionysius. Dios, sub. prop. m. God. Diputado, sm. deputy, commis- sioner, representative. Dira, F. Decir, ind. fut. 3s. will say. Diran, F. Decir, ind. fut. Bp. they will say. Diras, F. Decir, ind. fut. 2s. thou wilt say. Dire, F. Decir, ind. fut. Is. I shall say. Director, sm. director, president, confessor, ruler. Dirjje, F. Dirijir, imp. pres. 2s. di- rect thou. Dirije, F. Dirijir, ind. pres. Bs. directs. Dirijiendo, F. Dirijir, ger. direct- ing, ruling. Dirijimos, F. Dirijir, ind. pret. Ip. we directed. Dirijir, inf. va. to rule, to direct, to govern, to guide. Discordia, sf discord, opposition. Discreto-a, a. discreet, judicious, prudent, sharp. Discurren, F. Discurrir, ind. pres. Bp. fly, run about. Discurriendo, F. Discurrir, ger. thinking, imagining. Discurrir, inf. pres. va. and n. to think, to roam, to discuss. 188 DIS DOB Discipulo, sm. scholar, student, pu pil, disciple. Discurso, sm. reason, ratiocination ; speech, discourse. Disentir, inf. vn. to dissent, to disa gree, to separate. Disforme, a. disfigured, deformed, huge. Disfrutar, inf. va. to enjoy, to have possession. Disgustado, F. Disgustar, part, dis- gusted, offended, displeased. Disiente, F. Disentir, ind. pres. 3s. it, he or she dissents. Disimulacion, sf. dissimulation, hy- pocrisy. Disimulado, a. dissembled, feigned ; s. dissembler, hypocrite. Disimular, inf. va. or vn. to dissem- ble, to conceal, to hide. Oisminuyendo, F. Disminuir, ger. diminishing. Disminuido-a, F. Disminuir, part. diminished, impaired, detracted. Disminuyo, F. Disminuir, ind. pret. 3s. diminished. Disolucion, sf. dissolution, libertin- ism, lewdness. Dispensando, F. Dispensar, ger. distributing, dealing out. Dispensar, inf. va. to dispense, to excuse, to distribute. Dispierto-a, see Despierto. Disponer, inf. va. to arrange, to dis- pose, to direct, to command. Disponiendo, F. Disponer, ger. dis- posing, arranging. Disposicion, sf. disposition ; condi- tion; bearing; talents, turn. Distante, prep, distant, remote. Disteis, F. Dar, ind. pret. 2p. ye gave. Distinguian, F. Distinguir, ind. impf Sp. they distinguished. Distinguir, inf. va. to distinguish, to perceive, to discern. Distintivo, sf. distinction, attribute; honour, badge. Distintivo-a, a. distinctive, distin- guishing, private. Distraer, inf. va. to distract, to call away the attention, to be absent, to perplex. Distraido-a, a. inattentive, absent ; s. an absent person. Distraiga, F. Distraer, subj. pres. 3s. may amuse, draw off. Distraigas, F. Distraer, subj. pres, 2s. thou may est amuse. Distrajo, F. Distraer, ind. pret. 3s. called off. Distribuidor, sm. distributor, dis- penser. Distribuimos, F. Distribuir, ind. pret. \p. we distributed. Distribuir, inf. va. to distribute, to divide, to deal out, to arrange. Diversion, sf. diversion, amuse- ment. Divert! a, F. Divertir, md. impf. 2s. he amused, diverted. Divertido-a, a. amused, diverted. Divertido, F. Divertir, pari, di- verted, amused. Divertir, inf. va. to amuse, to divert to entertain. Divinatorio-a, a. foretelling. Divino-a, a. divine, celestial, su- premely good. Divisabamos, F. Divisar, ind. impf \p. we descried, perceived. Division, sf. division, diversity. Divulgado-a, a. divulged, publish- ed. Divulgado, F. Divulgar, part, di- vulged, published. Do, ad. where, the same as donde. Dobleces, sfp. dissimulation, craf- tiness, malice. Doblez, sm. fold. Doblon, sm. doubloon, a Spanish gold coin, worth in Spain $16. 189 DOS DUR Doce, a. num. twelve. D6cto-a, sub. learned, erudite per- son. D6cto-a, a. learned, wise. Doctor, sm. physician, doctor. Doctrina, sf. wisdom, science; doc- trine, rules. Documento, sm. document, writing, instruction. Doi, F. Dar, ind. pres. Is. I -give. Doler, inf. vn. to have pain in, to have a sore, to feel sorry. Doliente, sm. sick person, patient. Dolio, F. Doler, ind. pret. 3s. was sorry for, pained. Dolo, sm. fraud, deceit, imposition. Dolor, sm. grief, pain, affliction. Dolorido-a, a. doleful, afflicted, grieved. Domestico-a, a. domestic, tame ; s. a servant. Dominacion, sf. dominion, authori- ty, commanding ground. Dominaciones, sm. p. Dominations, the heavenly spirits of the fourth choir. Dominar, inf. pres. va. to rule ; Dominarse, vr. to curb one's self. Dominaron, F. Dominar, ind. pret. 3p. they ruled. Domine, F. Dominar, subj. pres. 3s. may domineer. Domine, F. Dominar, ind. pres. 3s. let it, him, or her domineer. Don, sm. Don, a title of respect. Don, sm. a gift, a grant. Donaire, sm. grace, elegance, witty saying. Doncella, sf. young lady, virgin, damsel, maid. Donde, ad. where ; which ; de donde, whence. Dona, sf. Donna, a title given to a lady: it is the feminine of Don Dorado-a, a. gilt, golden. Dos, a. num. two. Dotado-a, a. gifted, endowed, set- tled upon. Dote, sm. dowry, portion. Dramatico-a, a. dramatical, belong- ing to the drama. Ducado, sm. ducat, a coin ; Duchy, the possessions of a Duke. Duda, sf. doubt, ambiguity. Dudan, F. Dudar, ind. pres. 3p. they doubt. Dudar, inf. va. to doubt, to hesitate, to be uncertain. Dudo, F. Dudar, ind. pres. Is. I doubt. Dudosamente, ad. doubtfully, timo- rously, dubiously. Duele, F. Doler, ind. pres. 3s. it pains her, him, me, or them. Duele, (se) F. Dolerse, ind. pres 3s. he complains of. Duelo, sf. mourning; duel. Dueno-a, sub. owner, proprietor, master. Duerme, F. Dormir, ind. pres. 3s. he sleeps. Duerme, F. Dormir, imp. 2s. sleep thou. Duermes, F. Dormir, ind. pres. 2s. thou sleepest. Dulcificar, inf. va. to sweeten, to assuage, to soften. Dulcisimo-a, a. super, most sweet, most pleasant, most agreeable. Dulce, a. soft, gentle, sweet. Dulzura, sf. sweet, sweetness, soft- ness, mildness. Duque, sm. Duke. Dura, F. Durar, ind. pres. 3s. lasts, continues. Duracion, sf. duration, continuance. Duradero-a, a. lasting, durable. Duran, F. Durar, ind. pres. 3s. they last. Durar, inf. vn. to last, to continue, to endure. 190 ECS EDI Durado-a, F. Durar, part, lasted, continued. Durare, F. Durar, subj.fut. 1 or 3s. should last. Duraron, F. Durar, ind. pret. Sp. they lasted. Dureza, sf. hardness, obstinacy, tu- mour, roughness. Duro, sm. dollar, a silver coin. Duro-a, a. hard, rough, obstinate. Duro, F. Durar, ind. pres. Is. I last. Duro, F. Durar, ind. pret. 3s. lasted. E E, conj. and used instead of i, or y, before a word beginning with i or hi. Echa, F. Echar, ind. pres. 3s. throws Echado-a, part, adjec. thrown, cast, imputed. Echado, part, thrown, cast, being- expelled from. Echan, F. Echar, ind. pres. Sp. they throw. Echar, inf. pres. va. to throw, to bud, to apply, to impute, to re- cline. Echas, F. Echar, ind. pres. 3s. thou throwest. Echo, F. Echar, ind. pres. Is. I throw. Echo, F. Echar, ind. pres. 3s. threw. Economia, sf. economy, frugality. Ecsacto-a, sm. exact, punctual, as- siduous. Ecsajeracion, sf. exaggeration, hy- perbole, amplification. Ecsalan, F. Ecsalar, ind. pres. Sp. exhale. Ecsalta, F. Ecsaltar, ind. pres. 3s. exalts. Ecsaltar, inf. va. to exalt, to ele- vate, to praise, to extol. Ecsamen, sm. examination, trial, investigation. Ecsaminado-a, part, adjec. exa- amined, tried, investigated, in- quired into. Ecsaminan, F. Ecsaminar, ind. pres. Sp. they examine. Ecsaminar, inf. va. to examine, to investigate, to inquire into. Ecsaminas, F. Ecsaminar, ind. pres 2s. thou examinest. Ecsasperado-a, a. exasperated, irri- tated, offended. Ecsecrable, adj. execrable. Ecsistencia, sf. life, vitality, exist- ence. Ecsiste, F. Ecsistir, ind. pres. 3s. exists. Ecsistir, inf. vn. to be, to exist, to have a being. Ecsito, sm. issue, success, end. Ecsonerar, inf. pres. va. to exone rate, to unload, to disburden, to pay. Ecsonerase, F. Ecsonerar, subj. 3 impf. 1 or 3s. should exhonerate. Ecsorbitante, a. exorbitant, exces- sive, enormous. Ecsijia, F. Ecsijir, ind. impf. 1 or 3s. I, it, he, or she demanded. Ecsijir, inf. va. to exact, to demand, to require, to wish. Ed ad, sf age, time. Edificado-a, part, adjec. edified, in- structed, built, constructed. Edif ican, F. Edificar, ind. pres. Sp. they edify. Edificar, inf. va. to edify, to in- struct, to build, to construct. Edificio, sm. building, structure, edifice. Edifico, F. Edificar, ind. pret. 3s. edified. 191 EJE EMB Educacion, sf instruction, educa^ tion. Educar, inf. va. to educate, to teach, to instruct. Efectivainente, a. in fact, effectu- ally, powerfully. Efecto, sm. effect, purpose ; en efec- to, adv. in fact. Efectuan, F. Efectuar, ind. pres. Sp. they effect. Efectuar, inf. va. to effect, to ac- complish, to carry through. Efectue, (se) sabj. pres. 3s. be ac- complished, efected. Efes, sub. p. m. eff (the name of the letter f.) Eficaz, ad. efficacious, active, pow- erful. Egloga, sf eclogue, a pastoral dia- logue. Eje, sm, axle-tree, axis, centre. Ejecucion, sf. execution, perform- ance. Ejecutado, F. Ejecutar, part, exe- cuted, accomplished, performed. Ejecutan, F. Ejecutar, ind. pres. 3p. they execute. Ejecutar, ind. pres. va. to execute, to perform, to accomplish. Ejemplo, sm. example, project, pre- cedent. Ejercer, inf. va. to exercise, to practice. Ejercicio, sm. exercise, practice, employment, task. Ejercieron, F. Ejercitar, ind. pret. Sp. they exercised. Ejercitar, inf. va. to exercise, to practise, to devote one's self. Ejercitasen, F. Ejercitar, subj. S impf. Sp. they would exercise. Ejercito, sub. collec. m. army, mul- titude. Ejercito, F. Ejercitar, ind. pret. 3s. exercised. El, art. m. the ; pron. he, it; el mas, the most. Elefante, sm. elephant. Elegancia, sf. elegance. Elejir, inf. va. to elect, to select, to choose. Elemento, s?n. element. Elementos, sub. m. p. elements, ru- diments, first principles. Elevacion, sf. elevation, rise, exal- tation, altitude. Elevado-a, a. elevated, great, mag- nanimous, sagacious. Elevado, F. Elevar, part, raised, exalted, elevated. Elevando, F. Elevar, ger. elevating, raising. Elevar, inf. va. to elevate, to raise, to exalt. Elevasen, F. Elevar, subj. 3 impf Sp. they should elevate. Elevo, F. Elevar, ind. pres. Is. I exalt. Elevo, F. Elevar, ind. pret. 3s. ele- vated. Eliano, sub. prop. m. JElian, an ancient Greek writer. Ella, pron. per.f. sub. n. she, it. Ella, pron. per.f. sub. o. her, it, so. Ello, pron. per. neut. sub. n. it, so. Elocuencia, sf. eloquence, oratory. Embajada, sf. embassy (public message.) Embajador, sm. ambassador (a mes- senger from a sovereign power.) Embaraza, F. Embarazar, ind. pres. 3s. embarrasses. Embarazado-a, part, adjec. embar- rassed, confused, entangled, ha- rassed, wearied. Embarco, F. Embarcar, ind. pres. 3s. embarked. Embarcar, inf. va. to embark, to ship, to engage in. Embargado, F. Embargar, part, ar- rested, sequestered, seized. 192 EMP ENC Embargo, sm. embargo, sequestra- tion, seizure. Embebecido-a, F. Embebecer, part. abs. plunged into, struck with. Embebido-a, F. Embeber, part im- bibed, drenched, enraptured. Embeleco, sm. fraud, deceit, im postor. Embeleso, sm. astonishment, won der, object of amazement. Embeleza, F. Embelezar, ind. pres. 3s. it, he, or she charms. Embelezar, inf. pres. va. to charm, to bewitch, to astonish, Embrazando, F. Embrazar, ger. embracing, clasping. Embrazar, inf. va. to embrace, to contain. Embriaguez, sf drunkenness, in- toxication. Em brute ce, (se) F. Embrutecer, ind, pres. 3s. becomes stupified, stupi- fies. Eminencia, sf. eminence, height, greatness. Eminente, a. eminent, conspicuous, great. Emisferio, sm. hemisphere. Empapado, F. Empapar, part. drenched, surfeited. Empapando, F. Empapar, ger. soaking, drenching. Empena, F. Empeiiar, ind. pres. 3s. it, he, or she engaged. Einpenado, F. Empeiiar, part. pawned, pledged, engaged, obliged, bound. Empeiiar, inf. va. to engage, to pawn, to persist, to intercede. Empeno, sm. eiibrt, great anxiety, innuential intercessor. Emperador, sm. emperor, monarch. Empero, conj. but, yet, however, notwithstanding. Empezar, inf. pres. va. to begin, to commence, to be the first. 17 Empezo, F. Empezar, ind,. pret. 3s. began. Empieaste, F. Emplear, ind. pret. 2s. thou didst employ. Emplco, sm. office, trust, occupa- tion, station. Empobrecer, inf. va. to impoverish; vn. to become indigent. Emulando, F. E malar, ger. emu- lating, vying with, contending. Empleado, sm. officer; person in public office. Emplear, inf. va. to employ, to occupy, to purchase, Empleas, F. Emplear, ind. pres. 2s. thou employes t. Empleasen, F. Emplear, subj. 3 impf 3p. they should employ. Emponzoiia, F. Emponzonar, ind. j)res. 3s. poisons. Emprender, inf. pres. va. to under- take, to embark, to attempt, to take. Empresa, sf undertaking, attempt. Ernulacion, sf. emulation, envy. Emular, inf. pres. vn. to emulate, to vie with, to rival. En, prep, in, at, on ; en cuanto a, a9 for. Enajenado-a, a. and part, pledged, alienated, enraptured. Enamora, F. Enamorar, ind. pres. 3s. charms. Enamorado, F. Enamorar, part. enamoured ; s. a lover. Enamorar, inf. va. to charm, to in- spire love, to court, to woo. Enano-a, s. dwarf. Encadenaba, F. Encadenar, ind. imp. 3s. chained, enthralled. Encaminar, inf. va. to guide, to direct, to forward, to manage. Encarninase, F. Encaminar, subj. impf. 3s. should guide. Encamines, F. Encaminar, subj pres. 2s. thou mayest direct. 193 ENC Encantado-a, a. charmed, enchant- ed, haunted. Encantado, F. Encantar, pari. charmed, enchanted. Encantador, sm. charmer, sorcerer. Encanto, or Encantamiento, sm. charm, incantation, enchantment. Encarcelar, inf. va. to incarcerate, to put in jail, to imprison. Encarecen, F. Encarecer, ind. pres. Sp. enhance. Encarecsr, inf. pres. va. to extol, to enhance. Encarecimiento, sm. exaggeration, enhancement, amplification. Encargado-a, F. Encargar, part. charged with, intrusted, commis- sioned. Encargar, inf. va. to charge, to in- trust with, to recommend. Encargo, F. Encargar, ind. pret. 3s. it, he, or she took charge. Encartar, inf. va. outlaw, to involve, to include, to enrol. Encender, inf. va. to kindle, to light, to set fire, to inflame. Encendido-a, a. incensed, exaspe- rated, burning, infuriated. Encendido, F. Encender, part, burnt, kindled, set on fire. Encendieron, ind. pret. Sp. kindled, made. Encendiese, F. Encender, stibj. 3 impf 1 or 3s. should kindle. Encerraba, F. Encerrar, ind. impf. 1 or 3s. shut, locked up. Encerrado, F . Encerrar, part, shut up, confined, secluded. Encerrar, inf. va. to shut up, to close, to contain. Encerraron, F. Encerrar, ind. pret. 3p. shut, locked up. Encerro, F. Encerrar, ind. pret. 3s it, he, or she shut up. Enchancletado-a, F. Enchancletar, pari, adjec. with slippers on. ENE Enciende, F. Encender, ind. pres. 3s. kindles. Encienso, sm. incense, flattery. Encina, sf oak. Encojer, inf. va. to shrink, to con- tract, to be low-spirited. Encojido-a, a. shrinking, bashful, contracted ; low-spirited. Encojiendo,ger. contracting, shrink- ing. Encolerizar, inf. va. to make a per- son angry ; vn. to become en- raged. Encolerizo, F. Encolerizar, ind. pret. 3s. became enraged. Encomendado, F. Encomendar, part. recommended, praised, lauded. Encontrado, F. Encontrar, part. met, encountered, found. Encontramos, F. Encontrar, ind. pres. \p. find. Encontrando, F. Encontrar, ger meeting, finding. Encontrar, inf. va. to meet, to meet with, to find, to light upon. Encontro, F. Encontrar, ind. pres. 3s. met. Encubre, F. Encubrir, ind. pres. 3s. corers. Encubren, F. Encubrir, ind. pres. Sp. they cover, or conceal. Encubrir, inf. va. to cover, to con- ceal, to hide. Encuentra, F. Encontrar, ind. pres. 3s. meets. Encue^ntran, (se) ind.pres. Sp. they meet, find themselves. Encuentro, F. Encontrar, ind.pres. Is. I find. Encuentro, S7n. meeting ; knock. Endurecido-a, part, adjec. hardened, callous, rough, inured, cruel. Enemigo, s. enemy, opponent, an- tagonist. Enemigo-a, a. inimical, hostile to. 194 ENG fo^T Enemistad, sf. enmity, hatred, aversion. Enfada, F. Enfadar, ind. pres. Ss. he vexes, molests. Enfadar, inf. va. to vex, to tire, to disturb, to make angry. Enfado, F. Enfadar, ind. pret. Ss. vexed. Enfadosisimo-a, a. sup. most trou- blesome, most vexing. Enfadoso-a, a. vexatious, trouble- some. Enfermedad, sf. infirmity, disease, damage, risk. Enfermo-a, s. sick person, patient. Enfilar, inf. va. to continue, to pierce, to string. Enf ila, ind. pres* Ss. pierces. Enfilo, pret. Ss. he went through. Enflaquecen, F. Enflaquecer, ind. pres. Sp. they weaken. Enfiaquecer, inf. va. to enervate, to enfeeble, to weaken! Enflaquecieron, F. Enfiaquecer, ind. pret. Sp. they enfeebled. Enganado, part, deceived, cheated, mistaken, duped. Enganador-a, sm. deceiver, im- postor, scoundrel. Enganan, F. Enganar, ind. pres. Sp. they deeeive. Engaiiar, inf. va. to deceive s to im- pose upon, to cheat. Enganen, F. Enganar, suhj. pres. Sp. they may deceive. Engano, F. Enganar, ind. pres. Is. I deceive. Engano, F. Enganar, ind. pret. Ss. deceived. Engano, sm. deceit, imposition. Enganoso, a. deceitful, artful, crafty. Engarrotado-a, pari, adjec. close, concealed, squeezed. Engastado-a, F. Engasiar, a. in- crusted, enchased, enclosed. Enjendrar, inf. va. to engender, to beget, to raise, to create. Enjendre, F. Enjendrar, ind. pret Is. did beget. Enjendremos, subj. pres. \p. we may engender, or let us engender. Enigma, sf enigma, riddle. Enjambre, sub. collec. f swarm, crowd. Enjuto-a, part adjec. dried up, dry. Enlazado, F. Enlazar, part tied, bound, united, connected. Enlazar, inf. va. to chain, to bind, to link, to connect Enlutado, F. Enlutar, part, veiled, dressed in mourning. Enmudezco, F. Enmudecer, ind. pres. Is. grow, become dumb. Enojo, sm. irritation, offence, fret- fulness. Ensanchar, inf va. to widen, to render broader, to cheer up. Ensena, F. Ensenar, ind. pres. Ss. teaches. Ensenaba, F. Ensenar, ind. impf. 1 or Ss. taught. Ensenando, F. Ensenar, ger. teach- ing, instructing. Ensenar, inf. va. to teaeh, to in- struct, to inform. Ensenasen, F. Ensenar, subj. 3 impf. Sp. they should teach. Enseno, F. Ensenar, ind. pret. Ss. taught. Ensenorean, (se) ind. pres. Sp. take their superior standing. Enseiiorear, inf. va. to lord, domineer, to command, to rule. Ensordece, F. Ensordecer, ind. pres. Ss. it, he, or she deafens. Ensordecer, inf va. to deafen ; vn. to become deaf. Entallar, inf. pres. va. to carve, to cut, to engrave, to picture. Ente, sm. being. 195 ENT ENT Entended, F. Entender, imp. 2p. understand ye. Entender, inf. va. to understand. Entendi, F. Entender, ind. pret. 3s. I understood. Entendimiento, sm. mind, under- standing, judgment. Enterado-a, F. Enterar, part, in- formed, acquainted. Entereis, (de) subj. pres. 2p. you may become acquainted with. Entereza, sf. integrity, rectitude, fortitude, uprightness. Enternecen, F. Enternecer, ind. pres. Bp. they move to compassion. Enternecer, inf. va. to move to compassion, to excite pity. Enternecera, F. Enternecer, ind fut. 3s. will move to compassion Enternecido-a, F. Enternecer, part. being moved to compassion. Enternecio, F. Enternecer, ind. pret. 3s. moved to compassion. Entero-a, a. entire, whole, complete. Enterrado, part, buried, interred. Enterrar, inf. va. to bury, to inter, to put into the grave. Enterro, F. Enterrar, ind. pret. 3s. buried. Entiende, F. Entender, ind. pres. 3s. understands. Entienden, F. Entender, ind. pres. 3p. they understand. Entiendo, F. Entender, ind. pres. Is. I understand. Entonces, ad. then, at that time. Entorpece, F. Entorpecer, ind. pres. 3s. benumbs. Entra, F. Entrar, ind. pres. 3s. enters. Entraban, F. Entrar, i/nd. impf. 3p. entered. Entrada, sf. entrance, ravaging ex- pedition, descent on. Entrado-a, a. and part, entered, being advanced, having got in. Entramos, F. Entrar, ind. pres. lp. we enter. Entran, F. Entrar, ind. pres. 3p. they enter. Entrando, F. Entrar, ger. entering. Entran able, a. intimate, affection- ate, dear. Entranas, sf p. bowels, intestines. Entrar, mf pres. vn. to enter, to advance ; va. to place to account. Entraron, F. Entrar, ind. pret. 3p. they entered. Entras, F. Entrar, ind. pres. 2s. thou enterest. Entre, prep^ among, between. Entrega, F. Entregar, ind. pres. 3s. delivers. Entregar, inf. va. to deliver, to re- store, to give. Entregaron, F. Entregar, ind. pret 3p. gave up, threw. Entregas, F. Entregar, ind. pres. 2s thou givest up, deliverest. Entrego, F. Entregar, ind. pret. 3s. delivered. Entretanto, ad. meanwhile, in th& meantime. Entretejer, inf. va. to interweave,, to tissue. Entretejido, F. Entretejer, part, in- twined, interwoven, intermixed. Entretejiendo, F. Entretejer, ger. interweaving, intermixing. Entretener, inf. va.. to entertain, to. put off. Entreteniendo, F. Entretener, ger* entertaining, amusing, delaying. Entretenimiento, sm. entertainment* appointment, procrastination. Entristecer, inf. va. to make sad ;. vr. to become melancholy. Entristeciendo, (se) F. Entristecer r ger. saddening, becoming gloomy. Entro, F. Entrar, ind. pret. 2s. en- tered. EntusiasmjQ* sm^ enthusiasm. 19$ ESC Envejece, F. Envejecer, ind. pres. 3s. grows old. Envejecer, inf. va. to make old ; vn. to grow old. Enviaba, F. Enviar, ind. impf 1 or 3s. I, or he, sent. Enviado-a, sub. envoy. Enviado, F. Enviar, part, sent, transmitted. Enviasen, F. Enviar, subj. 3 impf. 2p. they should send. Envidia, sf envy, emulation, jealousy. Envidiado, F. Envidiar, part, en- vied. Envidiar, inf. va. to envy, to feel envy, to feel pain at the sight of excellence or felicity. Envidie, F. Envidiar, subj. pres. 3s. he may envy. Envidioso, a. envious, jealous, in- vidious. Envilecido, F. Envilecer, part, ren- dered vile, base, mean, or de- graded. Envio, F. Enviar, ind. pret. 3s sent, transmitted. Envite, sm. invitation. Envuelto-a, adj. enveloped in. given up to. Erario, sm. exchequer, royal coffers, treasury. Era, F. Ser, ind. impf 3s. was. Eras, F. Ser, ind. impf 2s. thou wast. Eres, F. Ser, ind. pres. 2s. thou art. Es, F. Ser, ind. pres. 3s. it, he, or she is. £ scalar, inf. va. to scale, to climb by the help of ladders. Escamas, sub.f.p. scales (of a fish.) Escandalizado, F. Escandalizar , part, scandalized, offended, irri- tated. Escapar, inf. vn. to escape, to ^et out of danger, to evade, 17* Escapara, F. Escapar, subj. 1 impf would escape. Escaparon, F. Escapar, ind. pret Sp. they escaped. Escarcha, sf a frost Escargorta, sm. prop. Escargorta, a living Spanish writer, of some distinction. Escarlata, sf scarlet. Escarolado-a, part, adjec. contract- ed, turned. Escasea, F. Escasear, ind. pres. 3s, it begins to grow scanty. Escasear, inf. vn. to decrease, to grow scanty. Escaso-a, a. scarce, limited, scanty. E see da, F. Esceder, subj. pres. 3s, he may excel. Esceder, inf. pres. va. to exceed, to surpass, to excel. Escederse, v?\ to go beyond bounds. Escelencia, sf excellence, emi- nence, excellency. Escelente, a. excellent. Escelino, sub. prop. m. Escelinus, a person's name. Escelso, a. most high. Escena, sf. scene, stage, vicissitude. Esceptuando, F. Esceptuar, ger. excepting. Esceptuar, inf. va. to except, to exempt, to exclude. Escesivo-a, a. excessive, immode- rate, exorbitant. Ecscipion, sub. prop. m. Scipio, a renowned Roman general. Escita, F. Escitar, ind. pres. 3s. excites. Escitar, inf. va. to excite, to move, to stimulate. Esclamacion, sf. exclamation, cla- mour, cheer. Esciamar, inf. vn. to exclaim, to cry out. Esclame, F. Esciamar, iruL. pret. 3s. I exclaimed. 197 ESC ESH Esclamo, F.Esclamar, ind pret. 3s. exclaimed. Esclavitud, sf slavery, bondage, servitude. Esclavo-a, a. slave, captive; ft a slave, Eseluido-a, a. excluded, debarred. Escluido, F. Escluir, part, ex- cluded. Eseoje, F. Escojer, ind. pres. 3s. selects. Escojer, inf. va. to select, to choose, to pick out. Eseojido, F. Escojer, part, chosen,, selected, preferred. Escombra, F. Escombrar, ind. pres. 3s. clears. Escornbrar, inf. va. to remove ob- stacles, to clear away rubbish. Esconde, F. Esconder, ind. pres. 3s. hides. Esconder, inf. va. to hide, to con- ceal, to disguise, to dissemble, to include. Escondido, F. Esconder, part, ab- sconded, hidden, concealed. Escnba, F. Escribir, subf. pres. 1 or 3s. she may write. Escribiese, F. Escribir, subj. impf. I or 3s. should write, Escribio, F. Escribir, ind. pret. 3s. i wrote. Escribir, inf. va. or vn r to write, to compose. Escrito, sm. writing, composition. Escrito-a, a. written, composed. Escritor, sm. writer, author. Escrupulo, sm. scruple, hesitation, doubt, Escrupuloso-a, a. scrupulous, ex- act, conscientious, Escucha, F. Escuchar, ind. pres. 3s. listens. Escuchaba, F. Escuchar, ind. impf. 1 or 3s. listened to. Escuchado, F. Escuchar, part. heard, listened to. Escuchando, F, Escuchar, ger. lis- tening. Escuchar, inf. va. to listen to, to* hearken. Escutla, sf. school, instruction, system, university, Esc nip ir, inf. va. to sculpture, te- en grave. Escureee, F. Escureeer, ind. pres. 3s. darkens. Escureeer, inf. va. to darken, to denigrate ; vn, to grow dark. Escursion, sf excursion. Escusando, F. Escusar, ger. ex- cusing, exempting, avoiding. Escusar, inf. va. to excuse, to free, to exempt, to avoid, Ese, pron. dem. sub. m. o. or n. this, that, the latter. Esencia, sf. essence, existence,, quintessence. Esi'nto-a, a. exempt, free from. Esforzado-a, a. strong, valiant, vi- gorous. Esforzando, F. Esforzar, ger. en- deavouring, corroborating. Esforzar. inf. va. to strengthen, to aid, to endeavour. Esfuerza, F. Esforzar, ind. pres. 3s. he exerts, endeavours. Esfuerzo, sm. effort, courage, spirit, confidence. Eshala, F. Eshalar, ind. pres. 3s exhales. Eshalaba, F. Eshalar, ind. impf 1 or 3?. exhaled. Eshalar, inf. va. to exhale, to eva- porate. Eshortacion, sf. exhortation, admo- nition, lecture. Eshortar,- inf. va. to exhort. Eshorte, F. Eshortar, ind. pret. Iff, I exhorted. 198 ESP ESP Esmaltan, F. Esmaltar, ind. pres. 3p. they enamel, adorn. Esinaltar, inf. va. to enamel, to va- riegate, to adorn, embellish. Eso, pron. dem. sub. neut. o. or n. this, that. Esos-as, pron. dem. p. o. or n. these, those. Espacio, sm. space, period, inter- val. Espacioso-a, a. spacious, wide, roomy, slow. Espada, sf sword, steeh Espalda, sf. shoulder Espaldas, sf.p. back* Espanta, F. Espantar, ind. pres. 3s frightens. Espantadizo-a, a. timid, fearful, shy, skittish, Espantado, F. Espantar, part, sur- prised, astonished, terrified. Espantar, inf. va. to frighten, to terrify, to be astonished. Espanto, sm. dread ; no me espanto, I am not astonished. Espantoso, a. horrid, dreadful, won- derful. Espana, sub. prop.f. Spain, a coun- try in Europe. Espanol, sm. the Spanish language, a Spaniard; a. Spanish. Esparcen, F. Esparcer, ind. pres. 2p. they spread. Esparcer, inf. va. to scatter, to dis- seminate, to spread, to divulge. Esparcido, F. Esparcir, part. spread, scattered, diffused, pro- mulgated. Especial, a. special, particular. Especialmente, ad. specially, par- ticularly. Especie, sf. kind, species. Espectaculo, sm. spectacle, show, theatre, scene. Espedicion, sf. transaction, expedi- tion, activity, readiness. Espejo, sm. looking glass, mirror, model. Espender, inf. va. to expend, to spend, to lay out. Esperaba, ind. impf. it awaited ; I* he, or she, or it hoped. Esperado, F. Esperar, part, hoped? expected, dreaded. Esperan, F. Esperar, ind. pres. 3p. they wait for. Esperando, F. Esperar, ger. hoping. Esperanza, sf. hope, expectation. Esperar, inf. va. to expect, to wait for, to hope ; to await. Esperar em os, F. Esperar, ind.fut, \p. we shall or will wait for. Esperas, F. Esperar, ind. pres. 2s. thou waitest for. Esperiencia, sf. experience, know- ledge. Esperimentaba, F. Esperimentar, ind. impf. 1 or 3s. experienced. Esperimentamos, F. Esperementar, ind. pret. lp. we experienced Esperimentaron, F. Esperimentar 9 ind. pret. 3p. they experienced. Espero, F. Esperar, ind. pret. 3s, waited for. Espeso-a, a. thick, condensed, close. E spina, sf. brier, thorn. Espino, sm. thorn, buckthorn. Espinoso-a, a. briery, thorny, ar- duous, rugged. Espirante, part. pres. breathing, ex- piring, respiring. Espirar, inf. vn. to expire, to breathe the last. Espirara, F. Espirar, ind. fat. 3s. will expire. Espirara, F. Espirar, subj. 1 impf. 1 or 3s. would expire. Espiritu, sm. spirit, mind, courage, Esplendente, a. shining, resplen- dent, radiant. 199 EST EST Esplendor, sm. splendour, magnifi cence, grandeur. Esplica, F. Esplicar, ind. pres. 3s, it, he, or she explains. Esplican, F. Esplicar, ind. pres. 3p. they explain. Esplicando, F. Esplicar, ger. ex- plaining. Esplicar, inf. va. to explain, to ex- plicate, to elucidate. Esponen, F. Esponer, ind. pres. 3p. they expose. Esponer, inf. va. to expose, to ex- plain, to publish. Espongan, F. Esponer, subj. pres. 3p. let them expound. Espongo, F. Esponer, ind. pres. 3s. I expose. Esponia, F. Esponer, ind. impf 1 or 3s. exposed. Esposa, sf. wife. Esposo, sm. spouse, husband. Espresion, sf. expression, word. Espreso, sm. messenger, express. Espreso-a, a. expressed, not under- stood, clear, manifest. Espuma, sf. froth, foam. Espumoso-a, a. frothy, spongy, fu- rious, agitated. Esqueleto, sm. skeleton. Esquisito-a, a. exquisite, curious,. consummate. Esta, pron. dem. sf. o. or n. this. Esta, F. Estar, ind. pres. 3s. is. lies, exists. Estaba, F. Estar, ind. impf. 1 or 3s. was ; se estaba, remained. Estaban, F. Estar, ind. impf. 3p. they were. Establecer, inf. va. to settle, to es- tablish, to found. Estableci, F. Establecer, ind. fret. Is. I established. Estableci eron, F. Establecer, ind. pret. 3p. they established. Estaca, sf. stake, stick, cudgel. Estado, sm. state, situation, condi- tion, rank ; commonwealth. . Estais, F. Estar, ind. pres. 3p. you are. E stall i do, sm. cracking, bursting. Estamos, F. Estar, ind. pres. lp we are. Estan, F. Estar, ind, pres. 3p. they are ; se estan, remain. Estando, F. Estar, ger. being, ex- isting. jEstanque, sm. pond, monopoly, custom-house. 'Estar, inf. vn. to be, to exist. Estara, F. Estar, ind. fut. 3s. will be, there will be. E stare, F. Estar, ind. fut. Is. I shall or will be. Estaria, F. Estar, subj. 1 impf 1 or 3s. would be. Estas, F. Estar, ind. pres. 2s. thou art. Estatua, sf. statue, a stupid person. Estatura, sf. stature, height. Estatuto, sm. statute, law, ordi- nance. Este, pron. dem. sm. o. or n. this, this one, the latter. Este, F. Estar, subj. pres. 1 or 3s. I, or he may be. Estender, inf. pres. va. to extend, to enlarge, to widen, to expatiate. Estendi, F. Estender, ind. pret. Is. I extended. Estendimos, F. Estender, ind. pret. lp. we extended. Es tension, sm. extension, expatia- tion. Estenuado, F. Estenuar, part, ex- tenuated, diminished. Esteril, a. barren, unfruitful. Esterilidad, sf. sterility, barren- ness. Esterior, sm. exterior, outward ap- pearance. Esterior, a. exterior, external. 200 EST EST Esterioridad, sf. exterior, outward demonstration, show. Estes, F. Estar, subj. pres. 2s. thou mayst be. Estiende, F. Estender, ind. pres. 3s. extends. Estiio, sin. style, diction, manner, mode. Estima, F. Esiimar, ind. pres. 3s. esteems. Estimable, a. amiable, estimable, valuable. Estimacion, sf. value, merit; es- teem, love. Estimar, inf. va. to estimate, to es- teem, to value, to like. Estincion, sin. extinction, destruc- tion. Estio, sm. summer, dog-days. Esto, pron. dem. neut. o. or n. this. Estoi, F. Estar, ind. pres. Is. I am. Estomago, sm. stomach. Estos-as, pron. dem. p. o. or n. these. Estopa, sf tow, oakum, coarse cloth. Estragado-a, F. Estragar, part, de- based, destroyed, ruined, disfi- gured. Estrago, sm. ravage, ruin, havoc. Estrajo, F. Estraer, ind. pret. 3s. extracted. Estranjero, sm. stranger, foreigner, alien. Estranjero, a. foreign, exterior. Estrana, ind. pres. 3s. he finds new, foreign to him. Estranar, inf. va. to be astonished at ; to banish ; to miss ; to ad- mire. Estrano, ind. pret. 3s. it, he, or she admired, was astonished at. Estrano, a. foreign, strange, cu- rious ; s. a stranger. Estraordinariamente, ad. extraordi- narily. Estraordinario-a, a. extraordinary uncommon. Estratajema, sf. stratagem, artifice, dilemma. Estravagancia, sf. extravagance, irregularity, disorder. Estravagante, a. extravagant. Estraer, inf. va. to extract, to draw Estrecha, F. Estrechar, imp. pres. 2s. make thou it tighter, clasp, embrace. Estrecha, F. Estrechar, ind. pres. 3s. he renders tighter, clasps, em- braces. Estrechando, F. Estrechar, ger. narrowing, confining. Estrechar, inf. va. to tighten, to confine, to constrain. Estrechasen, F. Estrechar, subj. 3 impf. Sp. they should tighten Estrechez, sf. narrowness, intima- cy, austerity, poverty. Estrecho-a, a. narrow, intimate, familiar, indigent ; s. a strait. Estrechura, sf. narrowness, auste- rity, danger, familiarity. Estrelia, sf. star, planet. Estrellar, inf. pres. va. to dash, to break, to confound. Estremecer, inf. va. to shake, to make tremble, to be amazed. Estremeceran, F. Estremecer, ind. fut. Sp. they will shudder. Estremidad, sf. extremity, excess Estremo, sm. extreme, highest de- gree. Estrepito, mi. noise, clamour. Estruendo, s?n. noise, confusion, bustle. Estudiante, sm. student, scholar, pupil. Estudiar, inf. va. to study. Estudio, sm. study, calculation, ap- plication, oifice. Estuvieron, F. Estar, ind. pret. 3p they were. 201 FAM FEB Estuvo, F. Estar, ind. prel. 3s. was. Eternamente, ad. eternally, for ever. Eternidad, sf. eternity, long conti- nuance. Lterno-a, a. eternal, durable, end- less ; 5. the Eternal. lEtre, sub. prop. m. Etre, a French Marshal. Europa, sub. prop. f. Europe. Eusebio, sm. prop. Eusebius, a man's name. Evitar, inf. pres. va. to avoid, to escape, to free one's self from vassalage. Fabric a, sf. manufactory, fabric. Fabricado, part, built, constructed, manufactured. Facil, a. easy, not difficult. Facilidad, sf facility, ease, levity, licentiousness. Faciiitar, inf. va. to facilitate, to render easier. Facineroso-a, a. wicked, atrocious, bad. Facultad, sf faculty, power, force, ftdtsnce. Faja, sm. bandage, roller, belt. Fajardo, sub. prop. m. see Saavedra Fajardo. Faida, sf. skirt, lap, brow of a hill, leaf of a hat. False an, F. Falsear, ind. pres. Sp. they counterfeit. Faisear, inf. pres. va. to adulterate, to falsify, to counterfeit. Falsedad, sf. falsehood, deceit. F;ilso-a, a. false, deceitful, counter- feited. Falta, sf. fault, defect, mistake. F Uta, F. Faltar, ind. pres. 3s. w T ants, fails. Faltaba, F. Faltar, ind. impf. 3s. he was wanting. Faltar, inf. vn. to be wanting, to fail. Faitaron, F. Faltar, ind, pret. Sp. wanted, failed. Fama, sf. fame, renown, report. Familia, sf. family, house. Fainiliaridad, sf. familiarity, easi- ness of intercourse. Famoso-a, a. famous, renowned, noted. Fanal, sm. lamp, lanthorn, light. Fantasia, sf. fancy, imagination, vanity. Fantasma, sf. phantom, spectre, a presumptuous person. Fasti dio, sm. tedium, wearisome- ness, irksomeness. Fatiga, sf. fatigue, weariness, toil. Fatiga, F. Fatigar, ind. pres. 3s. fatigues. Fatigado, F. Fatigar, part, fatigued, tired, molested, wearied. Fatigar, inf. 3s. to fatigue, to tire, to harass, to molest, Fatuo, adj. stupid, imbecile. Favor, sm. favour, patronage, pro- tection, means. Favorable, a. favourable, advan- tageous, propitious. Favorecer, inf. va. to favour, to protect, to grant favours. Favorecido, F. Favorecer, part, fa- voured, protected. Faz, sf. face, superficies. Fe, sf. faith, fealty, parole, cre- dence. Fealdad, sf. ugliness, deformity. Febo, sub. prop. m. Phoebus, or the sun. 202 FER FOE Febeo-a, a. brilliant, shining, reful- gent. Fecundo-a, a. fertile, fecund, proli- fic. Feijoo, sub. prop. m. Feijoo, (Frai Benito Jeroninio,) a distinguished Spanish popular writer of the last century, styled sometimes, with great propriety, 'the Spanish Ad- dison.' He devoted his great ta- lents and his long life to the refu- tation of vulgar errors, and the abolition of prejudices. A selec- tion of his works has been trans lated into English. Born 1676; died 1764. Felice, a. happy, successful, felici tous. The same as Feliz. Felicidad, sf. felicity, happiness, success. Felics, sub. prop. m. Felix, a man's name. Felipe, sub. prop. m. Philip, a man's name. Feliz, a. happy, felicitous. Fenecer, inf. va. to die, to termi nate, to be no mor?. Fenecer, inf. va. to finish, to con- clude, to terminate. Fenicio, sm. Phoenician, a native of Phoenicia. Feo-a, a. ugly, deformed; s. ugly person. Ferian, F. Feriar, ind. pres. 3p. they barter, sell, or buy. Fernando, sub. prop. m. Ferdinand, a man's name. Ferocidad, sf. ferocity, cruelty. Feroz, a. ferocious, fierce, formida- ble. Fertil, a. fertile, prolific. Feitilidad, sf. fertility, fecundity, plenty. Ferviente, a. fervent, ardent, burn- ing. Festivo-a, a. festive, gay, merry, lively. Fetido-a, adj. fetid, stinking. Fiado-a, part, trusting, relying; trusted ; on credit. Fiel, a. faithful, true, loyal. Fiero-a, a. savage, fierce ; violent, angry. Fiera, sf. a wild beast. Figuraban, F. Figurar, ind. imp, Sp. figured. Fijarse, vr. inf. to be fixed, to be absorbed. Fin, sm. end ; en fin, at last, in fine ; al fin, after all. Firme, a. firm, strong, unbending, inflexible. Flaco-a, a. weak, feeble, lean, meagre. Flame nco-a, sub. a Fleming, or na- tive of Flanders. Flamenco-a, a. Flemish. Flaqueza, sf. weakness, foible. Flauta, sf flute. Flecsible, a. flexible, docile. Flegmatico-a, adj. phlegmatic, cold. Flojedad, sm. weakness, foible, la- ziness. Flor, sf. flower, bloom. Flora, sf. Flora, the goddess of flowers and gardens. Flore ce, F. Florecer, ind. pres. 3s. it, he, or she flourishes. Florecen, F. Florecer, ind. pres. Sp. they flourish. Florecer, inf. vn. to flourish, to bloom, to blossom, to prosper. Flore ncia, sub. prop, f Florence, a town in Italy. Fondo, sm. bottom, ground of stuifs. Forma, sf. form ; way, means. Forma, F. Formar, ind. pres. 3s.it, he or she forms. Formaban, F. Formar, ind. impf. Sp. they formed. 203 FRE FUf Form ad, F. Foi-mar, imp. pres. 2p. form ye, or you. Formado-a, a. formed, fashioned, completed, accustomed. Forman, F. Formar, ind. pres. 3p. they form. Formar, inf. va. to form, to shape, to make, to put in order. Formaron, F. Formar, ind. pret. 3p. they formed. Form-as, F. Formar, ind. pres. 2s. thou formest. Fortaleza, sf. fortress, fortitude, strength, firmness. Fortificaron, F. Fortificar, ind. pret. 3p. fortified. Fortuna, sf. fortune, luck, success ; state, condition. Forzado-a, a. forced, obliged, ra- vished. Forzoso-a, a. necessary, indispen- sable. Fragmento, sm. fragment, vestige, sign. Fragor, sm. smell, scent, noise. Fragoso-a, a. rough, uneven. Fragura, sf. roughness, impervious- ness. Frai, sm. brother; a title by which the members of religious orders, or monks are distinguished. It means Fraile, monk. Frajilidad, sf. fragility, weakness, debility. Frances-a, a. French ; s. French- man. Francisco, sub. prop. m. Francis, a man's name. Franco-a, a. frank, open, free. Franquea, F. Franquear, ind. pres. 3s. he grants. Freno, sm. reins, curb, bridle. Frente, sf front, forehead, counte- nance. Fresco-a, a. fresh, new, cheerful. Frescura, sf. coolness, freshness, amenity. Frio, a. cold. Frio, sm. cold. Frito-a, F. Freir, part, adjec. fried. Frontera, sf. frontier, confine ; a. opposite to, in front of. Fruncido-a, a. frizzled, corrugated, or wrinkled. Frunciendo, F. Fruncir, ger. frown- ing, looking stern. Fruncir, inf. pres. va. to frown, to knit, to look stern, to contract. Frutal, sub. collec. m. orchard, a number of fruit trees. Frutal, a. fruitful, fruit; drbol fru- tal, fruit tree. Fruto, sm. fruit, advantage, result. Fue, F. Ser, ind. pret. 3s. he was. Fuego, sm. fire, conflagration. Fuente, sf. fountain, spring, source. Fuentes (Conde de,) sub. prop. m. an eminent Spaniard. Fuera, F. Ser, subj. 1 impf. 1 or 3s. would or should be. Fuera, prep, out, except, without ; fuera de, besides. Fuera, ad. abroad. Fue re, F. Ser, subj. fut. 1 or 3s. should be. Fueres, F. Ser, subj. fut. 2s. thou shouldst be. Fueron, F. Ser, ind. pret. 3p. they were. Fuerte, a. strong, massy, hard. Fuerza, sf. strength, force ; a fuer- za de, by dint of. Fuese, F. Ser, subj. 3 impf. 1 or 3s. should be, become. Fuesen, F. Ser or Ir, subj. 3 impf 3p. they should be or go. Fugaz, a. swift, shy, fugitive. Fui, F. Ser, ind. pret. Is. I was, I became. Fuimos, F. Ser, ind. pret. \p. we were. 204 GAN GLO Fuljente, a. refulgent, radiant, bril- liant. Fundado-a, a. grounded, founded. Fundaniento, sm. foundation, origin, basis. Fundaria, F. Fundar, subj. imp. 3s. would found, place. Furia, sf. fury, rage, hurry. Furioso-a, sub. a furious, violent, or frantic person. Furor, sf. fury, madness, passion. Futilidad, sf. futility, triflingness. Futuro, sm. the future, future tense. G Gabinete, sm. room, cabinet, office ; closet. Gachon, a. pampered, spoiled. Gala, sf. gala, or court dress, rich, expensive attire. Galana, sf. fine, well dressed wo- man. Galardonar, inf. va. to reward great- ly, to recompense abundantly. Galatea, sub. prop. f. Galatea, a woman's name. Galera, sf. galleys, penitentiary. Gallardo-a, a. gallant, brave, fa- mous. Gana, sf. inclination, desire, will. Ganaba, F. Ganar, ind. impf. 3s. gained. Ganaban, F. Ganar, ind. impf. 3p. they gained. Ganado, F. Ganar, part, gained, won. Ganados, sm. p. sheep, cattle. Ganan, F. Ganar, ind. pres. Sp. they gain. Ganando, F. Ganar, ger. gaining, winning, attaining. Ganar, inf. va. to win, to gain, to earn, to attain. Ganar voluntades, v. to please, to obtain the general good will. Ganaron, F. Ganar, ind. pret. Sp. they gained. Ganas, F. Ganar, ind. pres. 2s. thou gainest. 18 Ganote, $m. wind-pipe, throat, glottis. Garcia Malo, sm. prop, a distin- guished Spanish anecdote writer of the last century; celebrated for his collection of little stories, which he entitled Voz de la Na- turaleza, 'The Voice of Nature.' Garcilaso, sub. prop. m. Garcilaso, one of the most classic, elegant, and polished lyric poets of Spain. Born in 1503 ; died 1536. Garfio, sm. a hook ; gdrfio de hierro, iron-hook. Garganta, sf. throat, defile. Garra, sf. claw, talon, paw. Garrote, sm. stick, pole, a strangling scaffold ; dar garrote, to strangle. Garza, sf. heron, plume. Gastando, F. Gastar, ger. spending, wasting. Gastar, inf. va. to spend, to grow old, to become useless. Gastas, F. Gastar, ind. pres. 3s. thou spendest. Gasto, F. Gastar, ind. pret. 3s. he spent. Gasto, sm. expense. Globo, sm. the globe, the earth. Gloria, sm. glory, fame, renown. Gloria, F. Glonar, ind. pres. 3s. glories in. Gloriar, inf. vr. to glory, to pride one's self, to brag. Glorieta, sf summer-house, bower. 205 GRA GRA Gnido, sub. prop./. Gnidus, an an- cient promontory. Gobernador, sm. governor, ruler. Gobernar, inf. va. to govern, to rule, to sway, to master. Gobierna, F. Gobernar, ind. pres. 3s. governs. Gobierno, sm. government. Goce, F. Gozar, imp. pres. 3s. let him enjoy. Goce, F. Gozar, subj. pres. 1 or 3s. I, he, she or it may enjoy. Goce, sm. enjoyment. G6do-a, a. Gothic ; s. a Goth. Goloso-a, a. gluttonous, epicurean. Golpe, sm. blow, stroke ; measure. Gondolero, sm. boatman. G6rdo-a, a. thick, fat, big. Gorra, sf. cap ; meter gorra, to sponge. G6tico-a, a. gothic, illustrious, no- ble. Goza, F. Gozar, ind. pres. 3s. he enjoys. Gozaba, F. Gozar, ind. impf. 1 or 3s. enjoyed. Gozaban, F. Gozar, ind. imp. Sp they enjoyed. Gozado, F. Gozar, part, enjoyed, rejoiced. Gozado-a, part. abs. being enjoyed Gozan, F. Gozar, ind. pres. Sp. they enjoy. Gozar, inf. j;a. to enjoy, to be de- lighted with, to rejoice. Gozo, F. Gozar, ind. pres. Is. I enjoy. Gozo, F. Gozar, ind. pret. 3s. en- joyed. Gozo, sm. enjoyment, pleasure, ju- bilee, cheer. Gozoso-a, a. joyful, cheerful, con- tent. Gracia, sf. thanks, grace, gift ; witty saying. Gracian, (Baltasar,) sm. prop. Gre- cian, a celebrated satirical and political writer of Spain. Born in Calatayud, Aragon, at the end of the 16th, or beginning of the 17th century ; died in 1658. Graciosamente, ad. gratuitously, with grace, tastefully, exquisitely. Graciosisimo-a, a. super, extremely graceful, very witty. Gracioso-a, sub. merry andrew, harlequin, comic actor. Gracioso-a, a. graceful, accom- plished, facetious, pleasant, de- lightful. Grado, sm. degree, step, will. Gran. a. great, eminent, large, con- tracted from grande. Grana, sf. red or scarlet; (colour) cochineal. Granada (Frai Luis de) sm. prop. Granada, one of the most distin- guished pulpit orators and ascetic writers Spain has produced. Born in the city of Granada, whose name he adopted, in 1504 ; died 1588. Granada, sub. prop, f Granada, a city of Spain. Granada, sf. hand-granade (a small ball filled with powder,) pome- granate (a fruit.) Granadino-a, sm. or /. a native of Granada. Grande, sm. grandee, a title by which the nobles of Spain are distinguished. Grande, a. great, eminent, large. Grandez, sm. greatness, eminence, bigness. Grande za, sf. greatness, grandeur, pre-eminence. Grandisimo- a, a. super, most great, most excellent. Granero, sm. granary, fruitful coun* try. 206 GUA GuS Granjea, F. Granjear, ind.pres. 3s. he gains, attracts. Granjeaban, F. Granjear, ind. impf. Sp. they attracted. Granjear, inf. va. to acquire, to ob- tain, to attract, to gain. Granjees, F. Granjear, subj. pres. 2s. thou canst gain. Gratitud, sf. gratitude, thankful ness. Grave, a. grave, serious, important ; dreadful. Gravedad, sf. gravity, heaviness greatness; enormity. Gravisimo-a, a. super, very or most grave, momentous. Gregueria, sf. confused noise, out- cries, bustle. Griego-a, a. Grecian, Greek. Grita, F. Gritar, ind. pres. 3s. he cries out. Gritan, F. Gritar, ind. pres. Sp. they shout. Gritar, inf. vn. to shout, to hoot, to cry, to make a noise. Grito, STTi. shout, cry, voice. Grose 11a, sf. a currant. Grosero-a, a. rough, uncourteous, coarse, rude, unpolished. Grueso-a, a. thick, large ; s. thick- ness, bigness. Guarda, sm. guard, protection, cus- tom-house officer. Guardaban, F. Guardar, ind. impf Sp. they kept. Guardado, F. Guardar, part, kept, guarded, protected. Guardado-a, part. abs. being kept, guarded, protected. Guardador, sm. keeper, guardian. Guardamos, F. Guardar, ind. pres. \p. we keep. Guardando, F. Guardar, ger. keep- ing, preserving. Guardan, F. Guardar, ind.pres. Sp. they keep. Guardar, inf. va. to keep, to guard, to preserve. Guard as, F. Guardar, ind. pres. 2s. thou keepest. Guardia, sf guard, watch. Guardo, F. Guardar, ind. pres. Is. I keep. Guardo, F. Guardar, ind. pret. 3s. I kept. Guarnecido-a, F. Guarnecer, part. garnished, garrisoned. Guarnicion, sf garrison ; ornament, flounce, trimming. Guerra, sf. war. Guiado, F. Guiar, part, guided. Guiado-a, a. guided. Guiar, inf. va. to guide, to com- mand, to show, to direct. Guido, sub. prop. m. Guido, 'the most charming and graceful pain- ter that Italy ever produced.' Born 1575 ; died 1642. Guirnalda, sf. wreath, laurel, myr- tle. Guio, F. Guiar, ind. pret. 3s. guided. Gula, sf gluttony. Gustan, F. Gustar, ind. pres. 3s. they taste, or like. Gustar, inf. va. to taste, to enjoy, to like, to be pleased with. Gusto, sm. taste, pleasure, deligh* enjoyment. 207 fJB -CRE v?TVJr H Ha, F. Haber, ind. pres. 3s. has, is, there is. Habeis, F. Haber, ind. pres. Sp. have, are, there are. Habeinos, F. Haber, ind. pres. \p. have, are, there are. Haber, inf. va. aux. and imp. to have, to hold; there to be, to be. Haber, Haberes, sm. property; wealth. Haber de, vn. must, to be obliged to. Habia, F. Haber, ind. impf. 1 or 3s. I or he, had; there was, or were. Habian, F. Haber, ind. impf. Sp. they had. Habias, F. Haber, ind. impf 2s. thou hadst. Habido, F. Haber, part. had. H&hido-a., part, adjec. had, possessed Habiendo, F. Haber, ger. having. Habita, F. Habitar, ind. pres. 3s. it, he, or she inhabits. Habitacion, sf habitation, abode, mansion, dwelling. Habitador, sm. inhabitant, resident. Habitais, F. Habitar, ind. pres. lp. you or ye inhabit. Habitante, sm. inhabitant, resident. Habitar, inf. va. to inhabit, to live in, to reside. Habito, sm. custom, manner, habit dress, costume. Habitua, F. Habituar, ind. pres. 3s. accustoms. Habituar, inf. pres. vn. to accustom, to inure ; vr. to accustom one's self. Habia, sf. speech, talk. Habia, F. Hablar, ind. pres. 3s. speaks. - Hablaba, F. Hablar. ind. impf, 1 or 3s. spoke. Hablaban, F. Hablar, ind. impf. Sp. they spoke. Hablado, F. Hablar, part, spoken, said. Hablador, sub. babbler, talker ; speaker. Habian, F. Hablar, ind. pres. Sp. they speak. Hablando, F. Hablar, ger. speaking, talking. Hablar, inf. pres. vn. to speak ; va. to utter, to say, to discourse on. Hablara, F. Hablar, ind. fnt. 3s. will speak. Habias, F. Hablar, ind. pres. 2s. thou speakest. Hablase, F. Hablar, subj. 3 impf. 1 or 3s. should speak. Hable, F. Hablar, imp. pres. 3s. let him speak. Hablo, F. Hablar, ind. pret. 3s. spoke. Habra, F. Haber, ind. fut. 3s. will or shall have. Habra, F. Haber, ind. fut. 3s. or p. there will be. Habran, F. Haber, ind. fut. Sp. they shall or will have. Habras, F. Haber, ind. fat. 2s. thou shalt or wilt have. Hace, F. Hacer, ind. pres. 3s. does or makes. Hace, F. Hacer, ind. pres. 3s. it is, it makes. Haced, F. Hacer, imp. pres. 2p. do, or vouchsafe thou. Hacemos, F. Hacer, ind. pres. lp. we make. Hacen, F. Hacer, ind. pres. Sp. they do or make. Haces, F. Hacer, ind. pres. 2s. thou makest. 208 HAL HAR Hacer, inf. va. to make, to do, to commit ; to order. Hacerse, inf. vr. to make one's self, to become. Hacer saber, comp.va. to inform, to let know. Hacia, F. Hacer, ind. impf. 1 or 3s. made. Hacia, F. Hacer, ind. impf. 3s. it was, made, did. Hacia, prep, towards, to. Hacian, F. Hacer, ind. impf Sp. they made, did. Hacias, F. Hacer, ind. impf 2s. thou madest. Hacienda, sf state, fortune, lands, real estate, wealth. Haciendo, F. Hacer, ger. making, doing. Haga, F. Hacer, imp. pres. 3s. let him make. Haga, F. Hacer, subj. pres. I or 3s. she may make. Hagais, F. Hacer, subj. pres. 2p. you may order. Hagamos, F. Hacer, subj. pres. lp. we may do, or let us do. Hagan, F. Hacer, subj. pres. Sp. they may make. Hagas, F. Hacer, subj. pres. 2s. thou may est make. Hai, F. Haber, ind. pres. 3s. or p. there is, or there are. Halagado, F. Halagar,part. allured, cajoled, flattered, caressed. Halagan, F. Halagar, ind. pres. Bp. they allure, flatter. Halagar, inf. va. to attract, to allure, to ensnare, to caress. Halla, F. Hallar, imp. pres. 2s. find thou. Halla, F. Hallar, ind. pres. 3s. finds. Hallaba, F. Hallar, ind. impf 1 or 3s. found. Hallabamos, F. Hallar, ind. impf lp. found. 18* Hallaban, F. Hallar, ind. impf Bp. found. Hallado, F. Hallar, part, found, met, found. Hallan, F. Hallar, ind. pres. Sp. they find. Hallando, F. Hallar, ger. finding, meeting. Hallar, inf. va. to find, to encounter, to meet, to discover. Hallara, F. Hallar, ind. fat. 3s. will find. Hallaras, F. Hallar, ind. fat. 2s. thou wilt find. Hallaremos, F. Hallar, ind. fat. lp we shall or will find. Hallarian, F. Hallar, subj. 2 impf. Bp. they would find. Hallaron, F. Hallar, ind. pret. Sp. they found. Hallas, F. Hallar, ind. pres. 2s. thou findest. Halle, F. Hallar, imp. pres. 3s. let him find. Halle, F. Hallar, subj. pres. 1 or 3s. may find. Hallo, F. Hallar, ind. pres. Is. I find. Hallo, F. Hallar, ind. pret. 3s. found. Hambre, sf. hunger, desire. Hampa, sm. bully, bragger. Han, F. Haber, ind. pres. Bp. they have, there are. Hara, F. Hacer, ind. fit. 3s. shall or will make. Haras, F. Hacer, ind. fit. 2s. thou shalt or wilt make, or do. Hare, F. Hacer, ind. fat. Is. I shall or will do, or make. Haria, F. Hacer, subj. 1 impf 1 or 3s. would do, make. Harias, F. Hacer, subj. 1 impf 2s. thou wouldst do, or make. Harmon i a, sf harmony, concord. Hartar, inf. va. to feed, to glut, to satiate. 209 HER HOL Harto-a, a. full, very, surfeited. Has, F. Haber, ind. pres. 2s. thou hast, dost. Hasta, or hasta que, prep, till, until, as far as, about, up to. Haya, F. Haber, subj. pres. 1 or 3s. may have ; s. beech-tree. Hay as, F. Haber, subj. pres. 2s. thou inayest have. Haz, sf. superficies, face, counte- nance ; va. make, do. Hazaiia, sf. exploit, achievement. He, F. Haber, ind. pres. Is. I have; he de, I must, I am to. Hebra, sf. hair, thread, silk, fibre. Hechiza, F. Hechizar, ind. pres. 3s. it, he, or she charms. Hechizar, inf. pres. va. to bewitch, to charm, to please, to enrapture, to fascinate. Hecho, F. Hacer, part, made, done ; being accustomed, inured. Hecho, s. deed, exploit, action. Hechor, sm. maker, performer, he who commits an act. Hediondo-a, adj. fetid, stinking. Helado-a, a. frozen, congealed. Helar, inf. v. imp. to freeze, to con- geal, to coagulate. Hembra, sf female; nut, eye. Hemos, F. Haber, ind. pres. lp. we have. Henrique, sub. prop. m. Henry, a man's name. Heredad, sf. farm, plantation ; pro- perty, heritage. Heredcro, sub. heir; sf. Heredera, heiress. Herida, sf. wound, sore, severe blow. Hermana, sf. sister. Hermano, sm. brother. Hermoso-a, a. beautiful, handsome. Hermosura, sf. beauty, symmetry. Herodoto, sub. prop. m. Herodotus, the oldest profane historian known. Hero'icidad, sf. heroic action. Heroico-a, a. heroic, heruical. Herreruelo, sm. a long cloak* a small piece of iron. Hervir, inf. mi. to boil, to swarm, to be crowded. Hice, F. Hacer, ind. pret. Is. made, drew. Hicieron, F. Hacer, ind. pret. Sp. made. Hiciese, F. Hacer, subj. 3 impf. 1 or 3s. I or he should confer on. Hiciste, F. Hacer, ind. pret. 2s. thou madest, or didst. Hidalgo, sm. nobleman, a noble. Hidropico, a. hydropic, diseased with the dropsy. Hiela, F. Helar, ind. 3s. it freezes. Hierba, sf herb, grass. Hierro, sm. iron. Hierven, F. Hervir, ind. pres. Sp. they swarm. Hija, sf. daughter, child. Hi jo, sm. son, child, young one. Hijuelo-a, sub. young one, a young child, dim. of Hijo. Hilaza, sf yarn, thread, coarse stuff. Hipocresia, sf. hypocrisy, dissimu- lation. Hipocrita, sub. hypocrite. Hipocrita, a. hypocritical, dissem- bling. Historia, sf history, story, narra- tion. Historiador, sm. historian, narrator. Hizo,- F. Hacer, ind. j)res. 3s. did, made, become. Hoguera, sf. fire ; bon-fire. Hoi, ad. to-day, this day. Hoja, sf. leaf, blade, scale. Hoj6so-a, a. leafy, covered with leaves. Holgaba, F. Holgar, ind. impf 3s. was pleased with. Holgar, inf. vn. to be pleased, to rejoice, to amuse one's self. 210 HUB HUM Hollando, F. Hollar, ger. trampling, crushing. Hollar, inf. va. to tread, to trample upon, to break through. Hollas, F. Hollar, ind. pres. 2s. thou treadest. Hollo, F. Hollar, ind. pret. Bs. tram- pled upon. Hombre, sm. man, husband. Hombro, sm. shoulder. Homenaje, sm. homage. Hondo, sm. depth, profundity. H6ndo-a, a. deep, profound. Honestamente, ad. honestly, by honourable means. Honestidad, sf. honesty, modera- tion, modesty, urbanity. Honesto-a, a. honest, honourable, pure, virtuous. Honor, sm. honour, reputation. Honra, sf. honour, reverence. Honradez, sf. honesty, probity, honour. Honrado-a, a. honourable, honest, exact. Honran, F. Honrar, ind. pres. Bp. they honour, or worship. Honrando, F. Honrar, ger. honour- ing. Honrar, inf. va. to honour, to reve rence, to fondle, to praise. Honraron, F. Honrar, ind. pret. Bp. they honoured. Honras, F. Honrar, ind. pres. Bs. thou honourest. Hora, sf. hour, time. Horrisono, a. thundering, clanking. Horror, sm. horror, fright. Hosteria, sf. inn, tavern, hotel. Hostilidad, sf. hostility. Hoz, sm. scythe, sickle, defile. Hubieran, F. Haber, subj. impf Bp. would, should have. Hubieron, F. Haber, ind. pret. Bp. they held, or possessed. Hubiese, F. Haber, subj. impf. 1 or 3s. should have. Hubiesen, F. Haber, subj. impf. Bp, they should have. Hubo, F. Haber, ind. pret. Bs. had existed, was, were. Hueco-a, a. hollow, empty, vain. Huela, F. Oler, subj.*pres. 1 or 3s, it, he, or she may smell. Huele, F. Oler, ind. pres. Bs. it, he. or she smells. Huelgan, F. Holgar, ind. pres. Bp. they are pleased. Huella, sm. footstep. Huella, F. Hollar, imp. pres. 2s. trample thou. Huella, F. Hollar, ind. pres. Bs. it, he, or she tramples. Huellan, F. Hollar, ind. pres. Bp. they trample. Huellas, F. Hollar, xnd. pres. 2s. thou tramplest. Huelle, F. Hollar, subj. pres. 1 or 3s. may trample. Huelles, F. Hollar, subj. pres. 2s. thou may est trample. Hueso, sm. bone, stone, toil. Huesped, sm. tavern-keeper, host, guest. Huespeda, sf. land-lady, female tavern-keeper. Huevo, sm. egg, spawn. Huia, F. Huir, ind. impf. Bs. he fled, or shunned. Huir, inf. vn. to fly, to escape, to shun, to run away. Humanidad, sf. humanity, benevo- lence. Humanidades, sf. p. belles-lettres, rhetoric, philology. Humano-a, a. human, rational, hu- mane. Humea, F. Humear, ind. pres. Bs smokes. Humear, inf. vn. to smoke, to be kindled, to be inflamed. 211 1GN \LV Huineas, F. Humear, ind. pres. 2s. thou sinokest. Huinedecen. F. Humedecer, ind. pres. Sp. they moisten. Humedecer, inf. va. to moisten, to wet, to soak. Humildad, sf. humility, meekness, mildness. ^ Humillacion, sf. humiliation. Hurao, sm. smoke, vapour, vanity. Humor, sin. humour, moisture. Hundido, F. Hundir, part, sunk, destroyed. Hundido-a, part. abs. being sunk. Hurtar, inf. va. to steal, to rob, to cheat, to separate. Hurtas, h . Hurtar, ind. pres. 2s thou stealest. Huye, F. Huir, imp. pres. 2s. fly thou. Huye, F. Huir, ind. pres. Ss. flies. Huyen, F. Huir, ind. pres. Sp. they fly- Huy?ndo, F. Huir, ger. flying, es- caping. Huyeron, F. Huir, ind. pret. Sp. they flew. Huyes, F. Huir, ind. pres. 2s. thou fliest. Huyo, F. Huir, ind. pres. Is. I fly. Huyo, F. Huir, ind. pret. Ss. flew. i fba, F. Ir, ind. impf. 1 or 3s. went, was going, ibamos, F. Ir, ind. impf Ip. we went, were going, fban, F. Ir, ind. impf Sp. were going, fbas, F. Ir, ind. impf. 2s. thou wast going. Id, F. Ir, imp. pres. 2p. go ye, or you. Idea, sf. idea, design, notion. Idioma, sin. language, tongue, idiom. Idiota, sm. idiot. Idolatra, sm. idolater. Idolo, sm. idol, object of love, or esteem. Iglesia, sf. church, temple, chapel. Ignoraban, F. Ignorar, ind. impf Sp. they were ignorant of. Ignorancia, sf. ignorance, stupi- dity. Ignorantemente, ad. ignorantly, without knowiedge. Ignorar, inf. va. to be ignorant of, not to know, to be unacquainted with. Ignoras, F. Ignorar, ind. pres. 2s. thou art ignorant of. Igual, a. equal, resembling, even. Iguala, F. Igualar, ind. pres. Ss. equals. Igualar, inf. va. to equal, to equal- ize, to level, to make even. Igualdad, sf. equality, similitude, uniformity. Igualmente, ad. equally. Ilicito-a, a. illicit, unlawful. Ilimitado-a, a. unlimited, boundless, unconfined. Ilumfna, F. lluminar, ind. pres. Ss. illumines. jlluminado-a, part, adjec. illumined, enlightened, lit, coloured. lluminar, inf. va. to illumine, to en- lighten, to illuminate. Ilusion, sf. illusion, fanciful show. Iluso-a, a. deluded, deceived, ridi- culed. Ilustrado-a, adj. enlightened. Ilustre, a. illustrious, magnificent, noble. 212 IMP INC Imajen, sf. image, picture, repre- sentation, description. Imajinacion, sf. imagination, fancy, conception, erroneous idea. Imajinais, F. Imajinar, ind. pres. 2p. ye or you imagine. Imajinan, F. Imaginar, ind. pres. Sp. they imagine. Imajinar, inf. va. to imagine, to think, to fancy, to apprehend. Impaciencia, sf. impatience, vehe- mence of temper. Impaciente, a. impatient. Impedian, F. Impedir, ind. impf Sp. they prevented. Impedido, F. Impedir, part, im- peded, obstructed, prevented. Impedir, inf. va. to impede, to ob- struct, to hinder, to prevent. Impeler, inf. va. to impel, to excite, to stimulate. Impelio, F. Impeler, ind. pret. 3s. impelled. Impenetrable, a. impenetrable, in- scrutable, incomprehensible. Imperio, sm. empire, command. Impertinente, sub. an impertinent or troublesome person. Impertinente, a. impertinent, trou- blesome. fmpetu, sm. impetus, impetuosity, violence. Impidiesen, F. Impedir, subj. 3 impf Sp. they should impede. Implora, F. Implorar, ind. pres. 3s. implores. implorar, inf. va. to implore, to crave, to supplicate, to solicit. lmploro, F. Implorar, ind. pret. 3s. implored. Importancia, sf. importance, con- sequence. Importunar, inf. va. to importune, to vex, to bore, to harass. Importunidad, sf importunity, in- cessant solicitation. Importuno, F. Importunar, ind. pret. 3s. wearied. Importuno-a, a. importunate, vexa- tious. Imposible, a. impossible, impracti- cable, unfeasible. Impresion, sf impression, mark, image, Impropera, F. Improperar, ind. pres. 3s. abuses. Improperar, inf. va. to upbraid, to abuse. Imprudente, a. imprudent, indis- creet. Impune, a. unpunished, without punishment. Inaccesible, adv. inaccessible, arm- ed against. Inadvertido-a, part, adjec. careless, inadvertent, unnoticed. Inagotable, a. inexhaustible. Inanimado-a, a. inanimate, without animation. Incapaz, sm. incapable, powerless, unsuitable. Incendiar, inf. va. to set on fire, to kindle, to inflame. Incendiaron, F. Incendiar, ind. pret. Sp. they set on fire. Incendio, sm. conflagration, fire. Incertidumbre, sf. uncertainty, in- certitude. Incesante, a. incessant, without in- termission. Incitacion, sf. excitement, motion, stimulant. Inclemencia, sf inclemency, rigour, severity. Inclina, F. Inclinar, ind. pres. 3s. inclines. Inclinaban, F. Inclinar, ind. impf. \p. they were inclined. Inclinar, inf. vr. to incline, to bow, to induce. Inclinara, subj. imp. 3s. should in- duce, incline. 213 IND INS mclinas, F. Inclinar, ind. pres. 2s. thou art inclined. Incomodidad, sf. inconvenience, trouble. Incomparable, a. matchless, incom- parable, not to be acquired. Incomprehensible, a. incomprehen- sible, not to be understood. Inconsiderado, a. rash, thoughtless, inattentive, inconsiderate. Inconstancia, sf. inconstancy, vola- tility, fickleness. Inconstante, a. inconstant, change- able, volatile. Incontrastable, adv. irresistible, firm. Inconveniente, sm. inconveniency, incongruity. Inconveniente, a. inconvenient, in- commodious. Incorporar, inf. va. to incorporate ; vr. to be united. Incorporaron, F. Incorporar, ind. pret. Sp. they incorporated. Incorruptible, a. incorruptible, not to be perverted or corrupted. Increible, a. incredible, not to be credited. Inculcar, inf. va. to inculcate, to impress, to corroborate. Inculquen, F. Inculcar, subj. pres. Sp. they may inculcate. Incumbencia, sf. incumbency, duty. Incurren, F. Incurrir, ind. pres. Sp. fall into. Indica, F. Indicar, ind. pres. 3s. in- dicates. Indican, F. Indicar, ind. pres. \p. they indicate. Indicar, inf. va. to indicate, to point out, to show. Indicio, sm. indication, mark, token Indijencia, sf. indigency, poverty, penury. Indignacion, sf indignation, anger. Indigno-a, a. unworthy, undeserv- ing, unsuitable, vile. Indiscreto-a, a. indiscreet, incau- tious, inordinate. Indispuesto-a, a. indisposed, ill, having some misunderstanding. Individuo, sm. individual. Industria, sf. arts and manufactures, labour; address. Infahble, a. infallible, not liable to error, certain. Infante, sm. Infante, a title given to the sons of the king of Spain, the heir apparent excepted. It is equivalent to prince. Infausto-a, a. unfortunate, unhap- py, unlucky. Infelicidad, sf. misfortune, calamity, disgrace. Infeh'z, a. unhappy, unfortunate, inert. Infelizmente, adv. miserably, un- happily. Inferir, inf. pres. vn. to infer, to de- duce, to draw from. Infernal, a. infernal, hellish, perni- cious. Infinito-a, a. infinite, unlimited, immense. Inflamado-a, a. inflamed, incensed, heated. Inflamado, F. Inflamar, part, in- flamed, kindled. Inflecsible, a. inflexible, inexorable, stern, unbending. Influir, inf. va. to influence, to pre- vail upon, to produce. Influye, F. Influir, ind. pres. 3s. produces. Inform aba, F. Informar, ind. impf 1 or 3s. informed. Informar, inf. va. to inform, to make acquainted, to instruct. Informe, sm. report; information, instruction, knowledge. Inglaterra, sub. prop. f. England, 214 INQ the most considerable part of Great Britain. Ingles-a, a. English ; s. an English- man. Ingratitud, sf ingratitude, ungrate- fulness. Ingrato-a, sub. an ungrateful person. Ingrato-a, a. ungrateful, unpleasing, harsh. Inhumano-a, a. inhuman, brutal, beastly. Injenio, sm. genius, character, mind, wit. Injenioso-a, a. ingenious, inventive ; of genious, of imagination. Injenuidad, sf. ingenuousness, can- dour. Injenuo-a, a. ingenuous, open, can- did. Injuria, sf. injury, affront, detriment. Injustamente, ad. unjustly, wrongly . Injurioso-a, a. injurious, contume- lious, reproachful. Inmediatamente, ad. immediately, directly. Inmediato-a, a. immediate, contigu- ous. Inmensidad, sf. immensity, infinity, boundlessness. Inmenso-a, a. immense, unbounded. Inmoble, a. motionless, immovable, unshaken, constant. Inmortalidad, sf immortality, eter- nal life. Inmovil, a. immovable, motionless. Inimitable, a. immutable, invari- able, unalterable. Inocencia, sf innocence, purity, modesty, sincerity, simplicity. Inocente, a. innocent, pure, simple. Inquieta, F. Inquietar,ind. pres. 3s. troubles. Inquietar, inf. va. to harass, to trou- ble, to molest, to vex. Inquieto-a, a. restless, turbulent, clamorous, solicitous. [NS Inquietud, sf inquietude, restless- ness. Inquirir, inf. va. to inquire, to exa- mine into, to ask for. Insaciable, a. greedy, insatiable. Insensato-a, a. stupid, thoughtless, foolish. Insensible, a. insensible, callous, unfeeling. Inseparable, a. inseparable, not to be separated or disconnected. Insertado, part, inserted, intro- duced. Insigne, a. illustrious, eminent, great, remarkable. Insignia, sf a badge, insignia. Insipido-a, a. insipid, tasteless, un- pleasant, uninteresting. Insistio, F. Insistir, ind. pret. 3s. persisted, insisted. Insistir, inf. vn. to insist, to rest upon, to dwell upon. Insolente, a. insolent, impudent, shameless, unaccustomed. Insondable, a. bottomless, unfa- thomable, inscrutable, unsearcha- able. Inspira, F. Inspirar, ind. pres. 3s. inspires. Inspiracion, sm. inspiration, infu- sion, breathing. Inspirar, inf. va. to inspire, to infuse into, to animate. Inspiraron, F. Inspirar, ind. pret. Sp. they inspired. Instancia, sf. favour, urgency, per- sistence, suit. Instando, F. Instar, ger. pressing, urging. Instante, sm. instant, a short while. Instar, inf. va. to press, to urge, to urge the execution. Instaron, F. Instar, ind. pret. Sp. they urged. Instinto, sm. instinct, encourage- ment, impulse, instigation. 215 INT fRA Instruccion, sf instruction, tuition, precepts, information. Instruct! vo-a, a. instructive, con- veying knowledge. Instructor, sm. instructor, teacher, professor. Instruir, inf. va. to instruct, to teach, to inform, to lead into. Instrumento, sm. instrument. Instruye, F Instruir, ind. pres. 3s. instructs. Insufrible, a. insufferable, intolera- ble, not to be borne or endured. Integridad, sf. integrity, purity, virginity. Intelijencia, sf. intelligence, under- standing, knowledge, ability. Intencion, sf. intention, purpose, design, view. Intentar, inf. va. to intend, to at- tempt, to try, to endeavour. Intento, sm. intent, design, purpose. Interceptor, inf. va. to intercept, to cut off, to stop and seize. Interes, sm. interest, gain, usury. Interesa, F. Interesar, ind. pres. 3s. is interesting. Interesar, inf. vn. to be important, to be interesting. Interesamos, F. Interesar, ind. pret. lp. we interested. Interesante, a. interesting, useful, convenient, important. Interin, ad. meanwhile, whilst. Interior, sm. interior, inside. Interior, a. internal, inward. Interminable, a. everlasting, end- less. Interrumpiendo, F. Interrumpir, ger. interrupting, intruding. Interrumpir, inf. va. to interrupt, to hinder, to intrude on. Interrumpo, F. Interi'umpir, ind. pres. Is. I interrupt. Intimando, F. Intimar, ger. inti- mating, notifying. ntimidad, sf. intimacy, familiarity, acquaintance, habitude. ntimo-a, a. intimate, familiar, in- ternal. ntrepidez, sf. intrepidity, boldness, temerity. ntrepido-a, a. intrepid, bold, dar- ing. ntriga, sf intrigue, artifice. ntroducido, F. Introductr, part. introduced, conducted. ntroduciendo, F. Introductr, ger. introducing, bringing to notice. ntroducir, inf. va. to introduce, to present, to bring into notice. ntrodujeron, F. Introducir, ind. pret. Sp. they introduced. numerable, a. numberless, innu- merable, countless. nurbano-a, a. impolite, rude, unci- vil, uncouth. nutil, a. useless, unprofitable. nvasion, sf. invasion, attack. nvencion, sf. invention, contri- vance, discovery. nventado-a, a. invented, discover- ed, feigned. nventaron, F. Inventar, ind. pret. Sp. invented. nvestiga, F. Investigar, ind. pres. 3s. investigates. nvestigar, inf. va. to investigate, to search out, to inquire into. nvierno, sm. winter. nvisible, a. invisible, impercepti- ble. nvocacion, sf invocation, prayer, supplication. nvocando, F. Invocar, ger. invok- ing, imploring. nvocar, inf. va. to invoke, to call on, to implore. r, inf. vn. to go, to exist, to lay a wager, to be about. ra, sf ire, anger, revenge, wrath. 216 JEN JOC Iracundo-a, a. passionate, irasci- ble, enraged, furious. Ire is, F. Ir, ind. fat. 2p. you shall or will go. Irracional, a. irrational, stupid, foolish ; s. a brute. Irremediable, adj. irremediable. Irrevocable, a. irrevocable, not to be recalled. Irrisible, a. -laughable, risible. Irrision, sf. derision, contempt, scorn. Irritar, inf. va. to irritate, to agi- tate, to exasperate. Isabel, sub. prop. f. Isabella, or Elizabeth, a woman's name. Isaias, sub. prop. m. Isaiah, the prophet. Isla, sf. isle, island. Isla, sub. prop, f Isla, the surname of a distinguished Spanish writer. Israel, sub, prop. m. Israel. Italia, sub. prop. f. Italy, a country in Europe. Jaez, sf. kind, species, manner. Jamas, ad. never. Jardin, sm. garden. Jardinero-a, sub. gardener. Jasmin, sub. jessamin (a flower.) Jefe, S77i. chief, officer, ring-leader. Jemido, sm.. groan, lamentation. Jeneracion, sf. generation, progeny, age. Jeneral, sm. general, chief, com- mander. Jeneralmente, ad. generally, com- monly, in the main. Jenero, sm. kind, sort. Jeneros, sin. p. goods, effects, mer- chandise. Jenerosidad, sf. generosity, magna- nimity, liberality. Jenio, sm. genius ; character, dispo- sition. Jenofonte, sub. prop. m. Xenophon, a celebrated Athenian general and historian. Jenova, sub. prop.f Genoa, a city in Italy. Jente, sub. collec. f people, an as- semblage of persons. Jentil, a. gentle, soft, assuaging. Jentileza, sf. genteel address, ease, politeness, ostentation. 19 Jentilhombre, sm. nobleman, lord, gentleman. Jeograf ia, sf. geography. Jermen, sm. germ, seed, source. Jeronimo, sm. prop. Jerome, a man's name. Jerusalen, sub. prop. m. Jerusalem, a celebrated city in Asia, capital of ancient Judea, and now of modern Palestine. Jesucristo, sub. prop. m. Jesus Christ. Jigante, sm. giant, an uncommonly large person. Jigante, jiganteses, a. gigantic. Jil-Blas, sub. prop. m. Gil-Bias, the hero of a celebrated Spanish novel. Jinete, sm. horseman, cavalry. Jitaneria, sf. art, trick, wheedling, flattery, (used by the gypsies.) Jitanillo-a, sub. little gypsy, dim. of Jitaao. Jitanismo, sub. collec. m. the whole body of gypsies. Jitano-a, sub. gypsy. Joaquin, sm. prop. Joakim, a man's christian name. Jocosidad, sf. gaiety, mirth, merri- ment, jocularity. 217 J UN JUZ Jornada, sf. journey, travel, road, act (of a play.) Jose\ sub. prop. m. Joseph, a man's name. J oven, sm. or/, youth, young man or lady ; ad. young. Joy a, sf. jewel. Juan, sm. prop. John, a man's name. Juanetudo-a, a, massy, bony. Juanot, sub. prop. m. Juanot, the name of a personage in the anec- dotes of Corpas. Juanoteria, sub. prop. m. Juanote- n'a, the name of a marquisate in the anecdotes of Corpas. Jubilado-a, a. emerited; free, ex- empt, emeritus. Jubilo, cm. jubilee, joy, merriment. Jueces, pi. of Juez. Juego, sm. play, gambling. Juez, sm. judge, arbitrator. Jui^aban, F. Juisar, i id. imp/. Zp. they played. Juguete, sm. toy, trinket, gewgaw. Juicio, sm. judgment, opinion. Julian, sm. Julianus, a Roman em- peror. Julio, sub. prop. m. July, the name of the seventh month of the year. Jumento, sm. ass, beast, stupid per- son. Junta, ind. pres. 3s. joins ; s. assem- bly. Juntado, a. and part, united; gath- ered, made out, assembled. Juntamente, ad. jointly, together, at the same time. Juntamos, F. Juntar, ind. pres. Ip we join. Juntan, F. Juntar, ind. pres. Sp they join. Juntar, inf. va. to join, to unite, to assemble. Junta ron, F. Juntar, ind. pret. Sp. they joined. Junto, F. Juntar, ind. pres. Is. I join. Junto, F. Juntar, ind. pret. 3s. joined. Junto-a, a. together with, united; near, contiguous. Jura, F. Juror, imp. pres. 2s. sweaj thou. Jura, F. Juror, ind. pi-es.Ss. swears. Jurado-a, part, sworn to. Juran, F. Jurar, ind. pres. 3p. they swear. Jurar, inf. vn. to swear, to make oath, to curse. Jurisdiccion, sf. jurisdiction, limits, command, province. Justicia, sf. justice; public officers, officers of justice. Justo-a, sm. a just or blessed person in heaven. Justo-a, a. just, correct, upright. Juventud, sf. youth, youthfulness. Juzga, F. Juzgar, imp. pres. 2s. judge thou. Juzga, ind. pres. 3s. judges, thinks. Juzgad, F. Juzgar, imp. pres. 2p. judge ye. Juzgan, F. Juzgar, ind. pres. 3p. they judge. Juzgar, inf. va. to judge, to pass a sentence. Juzgar, inf. vn. to judge, to form an opinion, to apprehend. 218 LAN LEG La, art. f s. the ; la mas, the most. La, F. Ella, pron. per. o. f s. her, it; the one, she. Labio, sm. lip, edge (of any thing.) Labrado-a, F. Labrar, part, labour- ed, wrought made. Labrador, sm. farmer, labourer, rus- tic, peasant ; a. working. Labran, F. Labrar, ind. pres. Sp. they labour, or work. Labrar, inf. va. to work, to labour, to till, to construct, to form. Labras, F. Labrar, ind. pres. 2s. thou labourest. Labro, F. Labrar, ind. pres. Is. I labour. Labro, F. Labrar, ind. pret. 3s. la- boured. Lado, sm. side, companion. Ladrillo, sm. brick, tile. Ladron, sm. thief, robber ; lock. Laercio, sm. Diogenes Laertius, an ancient writer. Lago, sm. lake, swamp. Lagrirna, sf. tear, drop. Lamentaba, F. Lamentar,ind. impf 1 or 3s. lamented. Lamentable, a. lamentable, deplo- rable, unfortunate, miserable. Lamentar, inf. va. to lament, to mourn, to bewaiL Lamentaron, F. Lamentar, ind. pret. Sp. they lamented. Lampazo, sm. burdock (a plant.) Lancha, sm. launch, gunboat, cut- ter. Languidamente, ad. languidly, weakly. Languidez, sf. weariness, debility, melancholy. Lanza, sf lance, spear. Lanza, F. Lanzar, ind. pret. 3s. throws. Lanzan, F. Lanzar, ind. pres. Bp. they throw. Lanzar, inf. va. to cast, to throw, to dart, to let loose, to rush upon. Lanzo, F. Lanzar, ind. pret. 3s rushed upon, or threw. Largo- a, a. long, large, free. Las, pron. dem.f.p. n. those, they then. Las, art. f p. the ; las mas, the most. Laseivo-a, sub. a libidinous, or las- civious person. Lascivo-a, a. libidinous, lascivious, luxurious. Lastima, sf. pity, compassion, mis- fortune. Lastimar, va. and n. to hurt, to hurt another's feelings, Latin, sm. the Latin language. Latin-a, a. Latin, Roman. Laurel, sm. laurel, glory, renown. Laureles, sub. p. m. honours. La van, F. Lanzar, ind. pres. Bp. they clear or wash. Lavar, inf. va. to wash, to clear (from a charge,) to white- wash. Lazo, sm. tie, knot, snare. Le, pron. per. sub. m. o. it, him, he, you; to him, to her, to you. Lealtad, sf loyalty, fidelity. Leandro, sm. Leander, a man's name. Lecho, sm. couch, litter, bed Lechuza, sf owl. Leccion, sm. lesson, lecture. Lector, sm. reader, professor. Leen, F. Leer, ind. pres. 2p. they read. Leer, inf. va. to peruse, to lecture, to penetrate into. Legalidad, sm. legality, fidelity, punctuality. 219 LEV LIE Legua, sm. league, (a distance of three miles.) Lei, sf. law. Leia, F. Leer, ind. impf. 1 or 3s. read. Lei an, F. Leer, ind. impf. Bp. they read. Lei as, F. Leer, ind. impf. 2s. thou didst read. Lejos, ad. far, at a distance, far off. Lemnos, sub. prop, f Lemnos, a Grecian island in the Archipe lago. Lengua, sf. tongue, language. Lenguaje, sf. language ; tongue, diction. Lento-a, a. slow, tardy, sluggish. Leonardo, sub. prop. m. Leonard, a man's name. Leonera, sf. lion-cage. Leon, sm. lion. Les, F. Ellos, or Ellas, pron. per. p. m. o. them, those ; to them, to you. Letra, sf. letter, character, type. Levanta, F. Levantar, ind. pres. 3s. raises. Levant aba, F. Levantar, ind. impf. 1 or 3s. rose. Levantado, F. Levantar, part, rais- ed, lifted up, standing up. Le van-tan, F. Levantar, ind. pres. Ip. they raise. Levantando, F. Levantar, ger. ris- ing. ^ Levantar, inf. va. to raise, to rise, to elevate. Levantara, F. Levantar, subj. 1 impf. 1 or 3s. would raise. Levantaron, F. Levantar, ind. pret. 3p. raised, rose. Levantas, F. Levantar, ind. pres. 2s. thou raisest. Levante, F. Levantar, sub), or imp. 3s. let, may raise. Levante, F. Levantar, ind. pret. Is. I raised. Levante, sub. prop. m. Levant, coast of the Mediterranean, east of Italy. Levante, sm. east, east wind. Levanto, F. Levantar, ind. pres. Is. I raise. Levanto, F. Levantar, ind. pret. 3s. rose. Leve, a. light, trifle. Leyes p. of Lei, laws. Liberal, a. liberal, generous, open. Liberalidad, sf. liberality, genero- sity. Liberalmente, ad. liberally, gene- rously, expeditiously. Libertad, sf liberty, freedom, privi- lege, permission. Libertar, vn. to free from, to ex- empt. Libertino-a, a. libertine, irreligious, dissolute; s. a rake. Libra, sf. pound. Libra, F. Librar, imp. pres. 2s. de- liver or free thou. Libra, F. Librar, ind. pres. 3s. de- livers, exempts. Libran, F. Librar, ind.* pres. 3p. they deliver. Librar, mf. va. to free, to deliver, to exempt, to issue. Libras, F. Librar, ind. pres. 2s. thou deliverest. Libre, a. free, exempt from. Libre a, sf. living, clothes, garment, robes. Libro, sm. book. Liceneia, sf. license, permission, leave. Liceneiado, sm. licentiate, a gradu- ate in Spanish universities, licen- tiate, a title given by the vulgar to any one who wears long robes Licor, sm. liquor, spirits. Lid, sf. struggle, strife. Lienzo, sm. linen, rag. 220 LIV LOZ Lijereza, sf levity, inconstancy, fickleness, agility, unchastity. Lijero-a, a. light, thin, swift, in- constant. Limlta, F. Limitar, ind. pres. I limits, or is limited. Limitado-a, a. limited, common, in- different, (in capacity.) Limitan, F. Limitar, ind. pres. Sp. they limit, or are limited. Limitar, inf. va. to limit, to confine, to set bounds. Limite, sm. limit, boundary, con- fine. Limosna, sf. charity, alms. Limpiar, inf. va. to clean, to scour. Limpieza, sf. cleanliness, chastity, integrity . Limpio-a, a. clean, neat, elegant, clear. Lince, sm. lynx; a. clearsighted, penetrating. Lindo, a. neat, pretty, complete, fine. Lino, sm. linen, flax. Liquido-a, a. liquid, fluid, clear, evident. Lirico-a, a. lyric, (pertaining to odes, and songs.) Lirio, sm. lily. Liso-a, a. soft, even, clear. Lisonja, sf. flattery, adulation. Lisonjea, (se) F. Lisonjear, ind. pres. flatters itself. Lisonjeado, F. Lisonjea?', part, flat- tered, praised. Lisonjero-a, a. flattering, pleasing; s. flatterer. Literario-a, a. literary, belonging to letters. Literatura, sf. literature, science, learning. Liviano -a, a. libidinous, unchaste ; light. Livio, sub. prop. m. Titus Livius, an eminent writer of antiquity. 19* Lo, pron. neut. sub. o. it, so ; lo que, that which, what. Lobo, sm. wolf. • L6co-a, a. mad, foolish, crazy. Locuacidad, sf. loquacity, garrulity, talk. Locura, sf folly, absurdity, mad- ness. Loeches, sm. Loeches, a town of Spain. Logra, F. Lograr, ind. pres. Bs. ob- tains. Logrado, F. Lograr, pa?~t. obtained, attained, acquired. Logrado-a, part, abs. being ob- tained. L 6 gran, F. Lograr, ind. pres. Sp. they obtain. Lograr, inf. va. to obtain, to enjoy, to succeed in, to acquire. Lograron, F. Lograr, ind. pret. 3p« they obtained, Logras, F. Lograr, ind. pres. 2s. thou obtainest. Logro, F. Lograr, ind. pres. Is. ob- tain or enjoy. Logro, F. Lograr, ind. pret. 3s. ob- tained, succeeded in. Logro, sm. accomplishment, fulfil- ment, attainment. Longura, sf. length, a long period. Lonja, sf. exchange ; warehouse, store. Loredano, sub. prop. m. Loredano, a chief of Cochin. Lorrena, sub. prop. f. Lorrain, an extensive country in the north- east of France. Los, art. p. m. the ; los mas, the most. Los, pron. dem. m. n. those, they. Losa, sf. flag (a certain stone used for pavement,) earthenware. Lozama, luxuriance, exuberance, elegance, valour. 221 LLA LLX Luce, F. Lucir, ind. pres. Ss. shines. Lucen, F. Lucir, ind. pres. Sp. they shine. Lucero, sm. morning star, guide, idol, lover. Luces, sm. p. talents, genius, know- ledge. Luces, F. Lucir, ind. pres. 2s. thou shinest. Lucir, inf. vn. to shine, to be bril- liant, to make a figure, to glitter, to gleam. Lucir, inf. va. to enlighten, to out- shine, to exceed. Luculo, sub. prop. m. Lucullus, an ancient Roman, distinguished for his oratorical, philosophic, and military talents. Luchan, F. Luchar, ind. pres. Sp, struggle. Luego, ad. soon, immediately ; lue- go que, as soon as. Lugar, sm. spot, site, place, town. Luis, sub. prop. m. Lewis, a man's name. Lujo, sm. luxury, extravagance, excess. Lujuria, sf luxuriousness, impurity, voluptuousness. Lumbre, sf. light, spark, fire. Luna, sub. prop. f. moon, glass, plate. Luto, sm. mourning, the dress of sorrow ; de luto, in mourning. Luz, sf. light; luces, knowledge, intellectual advancement. Luzco, F. Lucir, ind. pres. Is. I shine. LL Ll^ga, sf sore, wound. Llagado-a, a. wounded, hurt, in- jured, having sores. Llagado, part, wounded, hurt. Llama, sf. flame. Llama, F. Llamar, imp. pres. 2s. call. Llama, F. Llamar, ind. pres. 3s. calls. LI am aba, F. Llamar, ind. impf. 3 s. it, he, or she called. Llamaban. F. Llamar, ind. impf. Sp. they called. Llamada, sf. call, note, treaty, sig- nal. Llamado-a, F. Llamar, pari, called, named, termed. Llamais, F. Llamar, ind. pres. Sp. ye call or name. Llaman, F. Llamar, ind. pres. Sp. they call. Llamar, inf. pres. va. to call, to name, to attract, to summon. Llamar, inf. pres. vn. to refer to any book or writing. Llamas, F. Llamar, ind. pres. 2s. thou calle3t. Llamasen, F. Llamar, subj. impf Sp. should call. LI a me, F. LJamar, subj. pres. 1 or 3s. I, or it, he, or she may call. Llame, F. Llamar, ind. pret. Is. I called. LI amen, F. Llamar, subj. pres. Sp. they may call. Llames, F. Llamar, subj. pres. 2s. thou mayst call. Llamo, F. Llamar, ind. pres. Is. I call. Llamo, F. Llamar, ind. pret. Ss. it, he, or she called, summoned. Llaneza, sf. simplicity, familiarity, plainness. Llano, a. plain, frank, modest. Llanto, sm. groan, tear, flood ot tears. 222 LLE LLO Llanura, sf evenness, equality. Llega, F. Llegar, ind. pres. 3s. it, he, or she ends in. Llega, F. Llegar, ind. pres. 3s. it, he, or she arrives. Llegaban, F. Llegar, ind. impf. Sp. they reached. Llegado-a, part, arrived, being ar- rived, having reached. Llegan, F. Llegar, ind. pres. Sp. they arrive. Llegando, (se) F. Llegar, ger. ar- riving at, reaching. Llegar, inf. pres. vn. to arrive at, to become, to attain, to be enough, to ascend. Llegar, inf. pres. vr. to approach, to join. Llegaron, F. Llegar, xnd. pret. 3s. they arrived. Llegas, F. Llegar, ind. pres. 3s. thou arrivest. Llego, F. Llegar, ind. pres. Is. I arrive. Llego, F. Llegar, ind. pret. 3s. it, he, or she arrived. Llegue, ind. pret. Is. I arrived, I went. Llegue, F. Llegar, subj. pres. 1 or 3s. I, it, he, or she may arrive. Lleguen, F. Llegar, subj. pres. Bp. they may arrive. Llena, F. Lienor, imp. pres. 2s. fill thou. Llena, F. Llenar, ind. pres. 3s. it, he, or she fills, or occupies. Llenan, F. Llenar, ind. pres. Sp. they fill. Llenando, F. Llenar, ger. filling. Llenar, inf. pres. va. to fill, to oc- cupy, to accomplish, to perform. Llenas, F. Llenar, ind. pres. 2s. thou fillest. Llenasen, F. Llenar, subj. 3 impf Sp. they should fill. Lleno-a, a. full, complete, brim- full. Lleva, F. Llevar, imp. pres. 2s. car- ry thou. Lleva, F. Llevar, ind. pres. 3s. it, he, or she carries. Llevaba, F. Llevar, ind. imp. 1 or 3s. carried. Llevado, F. Llevar, part, carried, brought, taken. Lie van, F. Llevar, ind. pres. \p. they carry, bear. Llevando, F. Llevar, ger. carrying, bringing. Llevar, inf. pres. va. to carry, to bring, to bear, to produce, to gain, to charge. Llevaron, F. Llevar, ind. pres. Sp. they carried. Llevas, F. Llevar, ind. pres. 2s, thou earnest. Llevase, F. Llevar, subj. impf 3s. might, should, or would carry. Lleve, F. Llevar, subj. pres. 1 or 3s. I, or it, he or she may cany. Lleve, F. Llevar, ind. pret. Is. I carried. Llevo, F. Llevar, ind. pres. Is. I carry. Llevo, F. Llevar, ind. pret. 3s. took, carried. Llora, F. Llorar, imp. pres. 2s. weep thou. Llora, F. Llorar, ind. pres. 3s. it, he, or she weeps. Lloraba, F. Llorar, ind. impf 3s. he wept. Lloraban, F. Llorar, ind. impf. Sp. they wept. Lloran, F. Llorar, ind. pres. Sp. they weep. Llorando, F. Llorar, ger. weeping, bewailing, lamenting. Llorar, inf. pres. vn. to weep, to show sorrow by tears. 223 MAJ MiN Llorar, inf. pres. va. to weep for, to bemoan, to bewail. Lloriron, F. Llorar, ind. pret. Sp. they wept. Lloras, F. Llorar, ind. pres. 2s. thou weepest Llores, F. Llorar, subj. pres. 2s. thou may est weep. Lloro, F. Llorar, ind. pres. Is. I weep. Lloro, F. Llorar, ind. pret. 3s. wept. Llover, inf. v. imp. to rain; to abound. Llueve, F. Llover, ind. pres. 3s. it rains. Liu via, sf rain, shower. M Maccio, sub. prop. m. Mactius, an eminent person. Macsima, sf maxim, apophthegm. Macsime, ad. chiefly, principally. Macsimo-a, a. super, chief, great- est, principal. Madurar, inf. pres. vn. to ripen, to become ripe. Madurez, sf maturity, wisdom, pru- dence, seriousness. Madre, sf. mother. Madrid, sub. prop, f Madrid, the capital of Spain. Madurasen, F. Madurar, subj. 3 impf Sp. they should get ripe. Maestresala, sm. usher (first waiter. ) Maestro, sm. master, director, school- master. Magnanimidad, sf. magnanimity, generosity, grandeur of soul. Magnanimo-a, a. magnanimous, generous, noble, open. Magnificencia, sf magnificence, splendour. Magnifico-a, a. magnificent, splen- did, grand. Magno-a, a. great, superior. Mahomet, sub. prop. m. Mahomet, the founder of the religion fol- lowed by the Musselmans. Majestad, sf. majesty, grandeur, sovereignty. Majia, sf. magic. Majiscatzin, sub. prop. m. Magis- catzin, the name of a great Mexi- can Indian. Mal-a, a. bad. Mai, sm. evil, harm, calamity. Maldad, sf. wickedness, malice. Malear, va. or n. to become bad, to get spoiled. Males, sm. p. evils, miseries. Malevolo-a, a. malignant, malevo- lent, wicked. Malicia, sf malice, perverseness, artifice, dissimulation. Malicioso-a, a. malicious, suspi- cious, bad. Maligno-a, adj. malign, fatal. Malo-a, ad. bad, wicked. Malo, sm. prop. See Garcia Malo. Maltrata, F. Maltralar, ind. pres. 3s. treats ill. Maltratado-a, F. Maltralar, part. abused, ill-treated. Maltratamiento, sm. maltreatment, bad usage. Maltratar, inf. va. to treat or use ill, to abuse, to spoil. Malvado-a, adj. wicked, bad. Manantial, sm. spring, source, foun- tain, beginning. Manca, F. Mancar, ind. pres. 3s. lames, maimes. Mancebo, sm. young man, youth. Mancha, sf. stain, spot. Mancha, sub. prop, f Mancha, a province of Spain. 224 • MAN MAR Manda, F. Mandar, ind. pres. 3s. orders. Mandaban, F. Mandar, ind. impf. Sp. they commanded. Mandado, F. Mandar, part, com- manded, ordered. Mandando, F. Mandar, ger. order- ing. Mandar, inf. va. to command, to order, to bequeath, to send. Mandate, sm. command, order, in- junction, trust. Mando, F. Mandar, ind. pres. Is. I order. Mando, F. Mandar, ind. pret. 3s. ordered. Manecilla, sf. small, pretty hand, dim. of Mano. Manejais, F. Manejar, ind. pres. 2p. ye or you manage. Manejar, inf. va. to transact, to carry on, to manage. Manejas, F. Manejar, ind. pres. 2s. thou inanagest. Manera, sf. manner, custom ; a ma- nera de, like, as. Manga, sf. sleeve, water-spout. Maniatado-a, adj. manacled, hand- cuffed. Manifestando, F. Manifestar, ger. manifesting, discovering. Manifestar, inf. va. to manifest, to discover, to declare. Manifestaron, F. Manifestar, ind. pret. Sp. they manifested, Manifestemos, F. Manifestar, subj. pres. \p, may manifest, let us manifest. Manifesto, F. Manifestar, ind. pret. 3s. manifested, told. Manifesta, F. Manifestar, ind. pres. 3s. manifests. Manjar, sm. dainty, dish, food, meal, viand. Mano, sf. hand, pestle. Mansedumbre, sf meekness, gen- tleness, peacefulness. Mansion, sf. mansion, abode, house. Manso-a, a. gentle, tame. Manta, sf. blanket. Mantener, inf. va. to maintain, to support, to feed, to persevere. Mantengo, F. Mantener, ind. pres. Is. I maintain. Mantenimiento, sf maintenance, sustenance, subsistence,, allow- ance. Manto, sm. veil, cloak, mantel piece. Mantuviera, F. Mantener, subj. impf 1 or 3s. would maintain. Mantuvieron, F. Mantenerse, ind. pret. Sp. maintained themselves. Manuel, sm. prop. Emanuel, a man's name. Manufactura, sm. ware, manufac- ture, workmanship. Manzana, sf. apple, pommel. Maila, sf. dexterity, artifice. Man ana, ad. to-morrow ; s. morn ing ; de man ana, early. Maquina, sf. machine, engine, crowd. Mar, sm. the sea, ocean ; mar oceano, the great sea. MaraviHa, sf. wonder, admiration ; ind. 3s. it astonishes. Maravillado-a, F. Maravillar, a. astonished. Maravillan, F. Maravillar, ind. pres. Sp. they astonish. Maravillar, inf. pres. vn. to wonder, to be astonished; va. to admire. Maraviilo, F. Maravillar, ind. pres. Is. I wonder. Maraviiloso-a, a. wonderful, as- tonishing. Marca, sub. prop, f the name of a place in Italy. Marca, sf. sign, mark, scar. 225 MAT MED Marcado, F. Mar car, part, marked branded, noted. Marcclo, sub. prop. m. Marcellus, a famous Roman general. Marchar, inf. va. to march, to walk, to go. Marcial, a. martial, warlike. Mariana, (Juan de) sm. prop. Ma- riana, one of the greatest histo- rians Spain produced. Born in Talavera, Toledo, in 1536, died, 1623. Mar i do, sm. husband, spouse, con- sort. Marino, sm. a seaman, mariner. Manno-a, a. marine, naval. Mario, sub. prop. m. Marius, a Roman consul. Mariposa, sf. butterfly, rush-light. Mariscal, sm. marshal, farrier, black- smith. Marjen, sm. margin, border, ed^e. Marlota, sf a Moorish dress. Marmol, sm. marble; epitaph, in- scription. Marques, s/n. a marquis ; sf. mar- quesa, marchioness. Marquesado, sf marquisate (the seignory or territory of a marquis. ) Marquesito, sm. young marquis, dim. of Marques. Mar tires, sm. p. martyrs. Martirio, sm. martyrdom, tortures, hardships. Martirizado, F. Martirizar, part. martyred, tortured. Mas, ad. more; but, except; que mas, what else. Masa, sf. mass, dough, mortar. Mataban, F. Matar, ind. impf. Sp. they killed. Matar, inf. pres. va. to kill, to mur- der, to slay, to extinguish, to vex. Matar an, F. Matar, subj. imp. Sp. would kill. Materia, sf matter, materials, sub- ject, occasion. Material, s?n. ingredient, material, importance. Material, a. material (not spiritual,) important, ungenteel. Matiz, sm. shade, mixture, (of colours.) Matiza, F. Matizar, ind. pres. 3s. decks, adorns, or beautifies. Mato, F. Matar, ind.pret.3s. killed. Maton, sm, bully. Mairimonio, sm. matrimony, mar- riage. Mayo, sub. prop. m. May, the fifth month of the year. Mayor, comp. of grande, greater, eldest, largest, chief. Mayordomo, sm. steward, major- domo. Me, F. Yo, pron. per. s. o. me, to, from, on, with me. Mecanico-a, sub. a mechanic, me- chanical ; mean. Mece, F. Mecer, ind. pres. 3s. stirs, rocks. Mecer, inf. va. to stir, to agitate, to jumble, to rock, to shake. Mecido, F. Mecer, part, stirred, agitated. Media, sf. stocking. Medicina, sf. medicine, physic. Medicinal, a. medicinal, curative. Medico, sm. physician. Medido-a, adj. measured, circum- spect. Medida, sf measure, mensuration, height, proportion, moderation. Medio, sm. means, way, middle, centre. Medio-a, a. half; en medio, in the midst. Mediocridad, sf. competency; me- diocrity, small degree. Mediodia, sm. noon, mid-day, south. 226 MEN MEZ Medir, inf. va. to measure, to com- pare, to moderate. Meditacion, sf. meditation, profound thought, contemplation. Medroso-a, a. fearful, terrible, hor- rid. Mejor, a. comp. better. Mejorar, inf. va. to better, to im- prove, to meliorate. Melancolia, sf. melancholy, gloomi- ness, depression. Melancolico-a, a. melancholy, gloomy, depressed. Melendez Valdes, sm. prop. Me- lendez Valdes, one of the greatest lyric poets of Spain. Eorn 1754, died 1817. Memorable, a. memorable. Memoria, sf. memory, remembrance, glory, record, monument. Memorial, sm. memorial, petition memorandum-book. Mendfgo-a, a. mendicant, venal, mercenary ; s. a beggar. Menester, sm. necessity, want, em- ployment, what is necessary. Menguado-a, a. diminished, im- paired ; pusillanimous, weak. Menor, a. comp. less, smaller; el, la, menor, the least. Menos, ad. less ; except, excepting ; save. Menoscaban, F. Menoscabar, ind. pres. Sp. they destroy. Menoscabar, inf. va. to destroy, to impair, to deteriorate. Menospreciador-a, s. detester, de- spiser, contemner. Menosprecian, F. Menospreciar, ind. pres. Sp. they despise. Menospreciando, F. Despreclar, ger. despising, disdaining. Menospreciar, inf. va. to despise, to depreciate, to contemn. Menosprecio, sm. contempt, scorn, disregard. Mensajero, sm. messenger. Mente, sf. mind. Mentecato-a, a. silly, foolish, stu- pid ; s. a stupid person. Mentira, sf falsehood, lie, error. Mentiroso-a, a. lying, erroneous, incorrect ; s. a liar. Menudo-a, a. small, worthless, vul- gar. Mercader, sm. a trader, shop-keeper, dealer. Mercadena, sf. merchandise, goods, elfects. Merced, sf. a benefit, favour; merced a, thanks to. Merced, sf. worship ; su merced, his worship. Merece, F. Merecer, ind. pres. 3s. deserves. Mereced6r-a, a. deserving, worthy, meritorious. Merecen, F. Merecer, ind. pres. Sp. they deserve. Merecer, inf. va. to deserve, to be indebted for. Merecia, F. Merecer, ind. impf. 3s. deserved, merited. Meridional, sm. southern. Merito, sm. merit, desert. Mero-a, a. mere, nothing but. Mesa, sf. table, boarding. Mesias, sm. Messiah (the Redeem- er.) Metal, sm. metal, strength of voice. Meten, F. Meter, ind. pres. Sp. they put. Meter, inf. va, to put, to include., to occasion, to stake. Meter gorra, va. and n. to sponge. Metido-a, F. Meter, part. abs. beina put, included, induced, strained. Metio, F. Meter, ind. pret. 3s. put, did put, was putting. Mezclando, F. Mezclar,ger. mixing, mingling. 227 MIR MIT Mezclar, inf. va. to mix, to mingle. Mezclaran, F. Mezclar, subj. 1 impf, Sp. they should mix. Mi s F. Yo.pron.per. s.o.to me, me. Mi, pron. pos. like Mio; my, mine. Midiendo, F. Medir, ger. measuring. Mi; do, sm. fear, apprehension. Miente, sf. mind; v. lies. Mi en ten, F. Mentir, ind. pres. 3p. they lie, speak falsely. Miento, F. Mentir, ind. pres. Is. I lie, speak falsely. Mientra, or Mientras, ad. whilst, in the mean time. Miguel, sub. prop. in. Michael, a man's name. Mil, a. num. one thousand, a thou- sand. Milagro, sni. miracle, prodigy, wonder. Militar, a. military, warlike ; s. a soldier; v. to militate. Millon, s. num. a million. Mina, sf. mine; spring. Mineral, a. mineral ; s. a mineral. Minimo-a, a. super, least, smallest. Ministerio, sm. office, ministry. Mimstran, F. Ministrar, ind. pres. Sp. serve. Ministrar, inf. va. to serve, to per- form the functions. Ministro-a, sm. minister, officer, magistrate. Minorar, inf. pres. va. to lesson, to reduce, to decrease. Minoro, F. Minorar, ind. pret. 3s. reduced. Mio-a, pron. pos. s. n. or o. my, mine. Mira, sf. view, object; attention. Mira, F. Mirar, ind. pres. 2s. be- hold, or mind thou, see. Mira, F. Mirar, ind. pres. 3s. looks, sees, minds. Mir aba, F. Mirar, ind. impf. 3s. looked, saw, minded. Miraban, F. Mirar, ind. impf. 3p. they looked at. Mirad, imp. pres. 2p. see, know, mind, take care. Miran, F. Mirar, ind. pres. 3p. they look, see. Mirando, F. Mirar, ger. seeing, looking at. Mirar, inf. va. to look, to see, to mind, to behold, to respect. Miras, F. Mirar, ind. pres. 2s. thou regardest, seest. Mirasteis, F. Mirar, ind. pret. 2p. you or ye looked at. Mire, F. Mirar, imp. pres. 3s. let, look. Mire, F. Mirar, subj. pres. 1 or 3s. mav look. Miren, F. Mirar, subj. pres. 3p. they may look. Mirhido-a, a. affected, consequen- tial. Miro, F. Mirar, ind. pres. Is. I look. Miro, F. Mirar, ind. pret. 3s. looked. Miron, sm. observer, gazer. Mis, pron. pos. p. n. or o. my, mine. Miserable, a. poor, miserable, un- fortunate ; wretch. Miseria, sf. misery, calamity, cove- tousness. Misericordia, sf. mercy, pity, com- miseration. Misero-a, a. miserable, wretch, dis- tracted, poor, indigent. Mismo-a, a. the same, equal, self. Misterio, sm. mystery, machination, artifice. Misterioso-a, a. mysterious, dark, obscure. Mitad, sf. the half, one-half. Mitigaba, F. Mitigar, ind. impf. 1 or 3s. mitigated. Mitigando, F. Mitigar, ger. miti- gating, assuaging. Mitigar, inf. va. to mitigate, to as- suage, to soften, to quench 228 MON MOR Mitigo, F. Mitigar, ind. pret. 3s. mitigated. Moda, sf. fashion, custom; a la moda, fashionable. Modelo, sm. model, example, copy, pattern. Modera, F. Moderar, ind. pres. 3s. moderates. Moderacion, sf. moderation, tempe- rance, frugality. Moderan, F. Moderar, ind. pres. Bp. they moderate. Moderar, inf. va. to moderate, to regulate, to adjust. Moderar, inf. vr. to become mode- rate, or temperate. Moderno-a, a. modern, recent, late. Modernos, sm. p. the moderns. Modestia, sf. modesty, decency. Modesto-a, a. modest, unassuming, pure, chaste. Modo, sm. manner, mode ; de modo, or de modo que, so that. Mof ado, part, scorned, scoffed. Mofador, sm. scoffer, scorner. Mohatra, sm. usurer, impostor. Mojado-a, F. Mojar, part, wet, moistened. Molde, sm. mould, model. Molesta, F. Molestar, ind. pres. 3s. troubles. Molestar, inf. va. to harass, to mo- lest, to vex, to trouble. Molestia, sf molestation, injury, trouble. Molestisimo-a, a. super, most trou- blesome, most vexing. Molientes, a. grinding. Molina, sub. prop. m. Molina, a personage in Gil Bias. Momento, sm. moment, conse- quence, importance. Monarca, sm. monarch. Monarquia, sf. monarchy, kingdom. Moneda, sf money, coin. 20 Monipodio, sub. prop. m. Monipo- dio, a celebrated fictitious bad character in the Novelas Ejem- plares Monitory Tales of Cer- vantes, the author of D. Quixote. Monstruosamente, ad. monstrously. Montana, sf. mountain, rock. Montar, inf. va. to mount; vn. to go on horse-back, to amount. Monte, sm. mount, wood. Montezuma, sub. prop. m. Monte- zuma, the last Indian emperor of Mexico. Montiel, sub. prop. m. Montiel, a place in Spain. Monro, F. Montar, ind. pret. 3s. mounted. Monton, sm. pile, heap. Mora, (Jose Joaquin de) sm. prop. Mora, the name of a highly cele- brated living Spanish writer. He is distinguished for his admirable Spanish version of Sir Walter Scott's Ivanhoe and The Talis- man. Morada, sf. habitation, abode, resi- dence. Morado-a, a. violet colour. Morador, sm. inhabitant, dweller. Moral, sm. morality ; mulberry- tree; a. moral. Mordian, F. Morder, ind. 1 impf. Sp. they bit. More, sub. prop. m. More, a very distinguished English statesman. Moreno, a. brown, dark, swarthy. Moribundo-a, adj. dying. Morir, ind. pres. vn. to die, to per- ish, to become extinct. Morirla, F. Morir, subj. imp. 3s. would die. Moro-a, a. Moorish, Moor; Mora, Moorish lady, woman. Mortal, a. mortal, subject to death. Mortificacion, sf. mortification, grief, sorrow. 229 MUD Mostraba, F. Mostrar, ind. impf. 1 or 3s. showed. Mostraban, F. Mostrar, ind. impf. Hp. they showed. Mostrando, F. Mostrar, ger. show- ing, pointing out. Mostrado, F. Mostrar, part, shown, proved, demonstrated. Mostrar, inf. va. to show, to exhi- bit, to establish, to explain. Mostraron, F. Mostrar, ind. pret. Sp. they showed. Mostro, F. Mostrar, ind. pret. 3s. showed. Motejando, F. Motejar, ger. cen- suring, ridiculing. Motejar, inf. va. to ridicule, to censure. Motejaron, F. Motejar, ind. pret. Sp. they censured. Moviiniento, mi. movement, mo- tion, disturbance, revolt. Movio, F. Mover, ind. pret. 3s. moved or excited. M6zo-a, a. young; s. mozo, a young man ; moza, a young woman. Muchaca, sf. girl. Muchedumbre, sf. multitude, abun- dance, plenty. Muchisimo-a, a. super, very much, extremely. Mucho, ad. and a. much, very abundant, numerous, long. Mucho, s. great quantity, great dis- tance, long time. Mudable, a. changeable, fickle, va- riable. Mudanza, sf. change, alteration, levity. MUT Muera, F. Morir, imp. pres. 3s. let it, him, or her die. Muera, F. Monr, subj. pres. 1 or 3s. she may die. Muere, F. Morir, ind. pres. 3s. dies. Muero, F. Morir, ind. pret. Is. 1 die. Muerte, sf. death, assassination. Muerto, sm. corpse, a dead body. Muerto-a, a. dead, faded. Muestra, sf. sign, manifestation ; pattern, specimen, model, exam- ple. Muestra, F. Mostrar, irid. pres. 3s. shows. Muestran, F. Mostrar, ind. pres. Sp. they show. Muestras, F. Mostrar, ind. pres. 2s. thou showest. Muestre, F. Mostrar, subj. pres. 3s. may show. Mui, ad. very, much, very much. Mujer, sf. woman, wife. Mulatero, sm. jockey, mule-driver. Mullido-a, a. beaten up. Mundano-a, adj. worldly, of the world. Mundo, sm. world, manners. Murio, F. Morir, ind. pret. 3s. died. Murmuracion, sf. murmur, calum- ny, slander. Murmur ar, inf. vn. to murmur, to backbite, to censure. Murmures, F. Murmurar, subj. pres. 2s. thou mayest murmur. Muro, sm. wall, rampart. Mustio-a, a. sad, sorrowful, with- ered. Mutuamente, ad. mutually. NAT NEG N Nacarado-a, a. pearl-coloured, set with pearls. Nace, F. Nacer, ind. pres. 3s. is born, or rises. Naced, F. Nacer, imp. 2p. arise spring up (ye.) Nace is, F. Nacer. ind. pres. 2p. ye or you are born, or rise. Nacen, F. Nacer, ind. pres. Bp. they are born, or rise. Nacer, inf. vn. to be born, to rise, to blossom, to bud, to spring. Naci, F. Nacer, ind. pret. Is. I was born. Nacido-a, a. born, risen, issued; part, been born. Naciente, part. pres. rising, coming into existence. Nacieron, F. Nacer, ind. pret. Sp. they were born. Naciese, F. Nacer, subj. 3 impf. 2s. should be born. Nacimiento, sm. birth, nativity, commencement, origin, rising. Nacio, F. Nacer, ind. pret. 3s. was born. Nada, sf. nothing, non-existence; ad. by no means. Nada, F. Nadar, ind. pres. 3s. swims. Nadar, inf. pres. vn. to float, to swim, to be loose, to abound. Nadie, pron. indef no one, nobody. Nardo, sm. spikenard. Nariz, sf. nose, nostril. Natural, a. native, natural ; s. tem- per, disposition. Naturaleza, sf. nature, virtue, pro- pensity. Naturalidad, sf. nature, candour, simplicity. Nataralmente, ad. naturally, hu- manly. Naufrajio, S7n. shipwreck, miscar- riage, disappointment. Nausea, sf nauseousness, disgust, displeasure. Navarra, sub. prop, f Navarre, a province of Spain. Navarro, sm. native of Navarre. Navegacion, sf. voyage, passage, navigation. Navio, sm. vessel, a ship of the line, a man of war. Necesario-a, a. necessary, indispen- sable, requisite. Necesidad, sf. necessity, need, co- gency. Necesitais, F. Necesitar, ind. pres. 2p. you want. Necesitan, F. Necesitar, ind. pres. 3p. they want. Necesitar, inf. vn. to want, to be in want of, to need. Necesitaron, F. Necesitar, ind. pret. 3p. they wanted. Necesitasen, F. Necesitar, subj. 3 impf. 3p. they should, could, or would want. Necesito, F. Necesitar, ind. pres. Is. I want, need. Necio-a, a. and s. foolish, stupid, nonsensical. Negar, inf. pres. va. to deny, to re- fuse; vr. to abstain. Nego, F. Negar, ind. pret. va. denied. Negociaba, F. Negociar, ind. impf 1 or 3s. traded. Negociaban, F. Negociar, ind. impf. 3p. they traded. Negocian, F. Negociar, ind. pres. 3p. they trade. Negociante, sm. merchant, trader, dealer. Negociar, inf. vn. to trade, to nego- tiate. 231 n6b NUE Negociaron, F. Negociar, ind. pret.\Nobleza., sf. nobility. Sp. they traded. iNoche, sf. night, darkness. Negociasen, F. Negociar, subj. 3 Nombnido, F. Nombrar, part, ap- impf. Sp. they should trade. Negccio, sm. affair, business, com- merce. Negro-a, a. black. Neron, snb. prop. m. Nero, a Roman tyrant. Nerva, sub. prop. f Nerva, a place in Sweden. Nervio, sm. nerve, artery. Nervado, F. Nevar, part, snowed Ni, conj. neither, nor; not; ni siqui- era, not even. Nido, sm. nest, abode, residence. Niega, F. Negar, ind. pres. 3s. de- nies. Niegan, F. Negar, ind. pres. Sp. they deny. Niego, F. Negar, ind. jwm\ Is. I deny. Nieremberg, (Juan Eusebio) sm. prop, a Spanish classic writer. Born in Madrid, in' 1595; died 1638. JVieto, sm. grandson; nieta, grand- daughter. Nieve, sf. snow, extreme whiteness. Ni nfa, sf nymph. Ningun-a, pron. indef no, nobody, no person. Ninguno, pron. indef. nobody, not one, not any body. Nineria, sf. puerility, childishness, gewgaw. Ninez, sf childhood. Nino-a, sub. child; a. young, child- ish. No, ad. no, not ; nothing ; no mas, nothing else ; no ya, not only ; not. Nobilisimo-a, a. super, most noble, very noble. Noble, a. noble, illustrious ; s. no- bleman. pointed, nominated, called. Nombre, sm. name, noun. Nonajenario-a, a. and sub. ninety years old. Norma, sf. model, standard, rule. Norte, a. and s. northern, the North. Norte, sm. rule, guide, star. Nos, F. Nosotros, or Nos, pron. per. p. o. we, us ; to, for, in, us. Nosotros-as, pron. per. n. p. we. Nosotros, pron. per. p. o. us, to us. Nota, F. Notar, imp. 2s. remark thou, note. Nota, F. Notar, ind. pres. 3s. re- marks. Notado-a, a. remarkable, noted. Notado, F. Notar, part, remarked, observed. Notan, F. Notar, ind. pres. Sp. they remark. Notar, inf. va. to remark, to observe, to note, to take notes. Noticia, sf news, information, knowledge, advice. No to, F. Notar, ind. pres. Is. I re- mark. Noto, F. Notar, ind. pret. Ss. re- marked. Novedad, sf. novelty, admiration, new r s. Novela, sf novel, romance, fiction. Noventa, a. num. ninety. No via, sf. bride. Novio, sm. bridegroom. Nube, sf cloud, film, shade. Nubecilla, sf. small cloud, dim. of Nube. Nublado, sm. cloud, darkness, per- turbation. Nudo, sm. joint, contraction ; knot. Nuestro-a, pron. pos. o. or n. our, ours. Nuevamente, ad. newly, recently. 232 OBR OBT Nuevo-a, a. new, repaired, Defin- ing ; de nuevo. anew. Numancia, sub. prop. f Numantia, a city of Spain, distinguished in ancient times by the valour of its inhabitants. Numantino-a, s. i^umantine, a na- tive of Numantia. Numantino-a, a. Numantine, re- lating to Numantia. Numero, sm. number, cypher, mul- titude, harmony. Numeroso-a, a. numerous, harmo- nious, melodious. Nunca, ad. never. Nupcial, a. nuptial, any thing per- taining to marriage. o 6, conj. or, either ; inter, oh ! Obcecado-a, adj. dazzled, blinded. Obedeceis, F. Obedecer, ind. pres. 2p. ye or you obey. Obedecen, F. Obedecer, md. pres. Sp. they obey. Obedecer, inf. va. to obey, to sub- mit to, to yield to. Obediencia, sf. obedience, submis- sion, precept, docility. Obispo, sm. bishop. Objeto, sm. object, view, end, de- sign. ^ Obligacion, sf. obligation, duty; contract, provision-office. Obligar, inf. va. to oblige, to com- pel. Obligas, F. Obligar, ind. pres. 2s. thou obligest. Obligue, F. Obligar, subj. pres. 3s. may oblige. 6bra, F. Obrar, ind. pres. 3s. la- bours. 6bra, sf. deed, work, labour, writ- ing ; en obra, in practice, accom- + plished, inflicted. Obraba, F. Obrar, ind. impf. 1 or 3s. laboured. Obrad, F. Obrar, imp. pres. 2p. labour you. Obrado, F. Obrar, part, manufac- tured, executed, constructed. 6bran, F. Obrar, ind. pres. 3p. they labour. Obrar, inf. pres. va. to work ; to perform ; to act. 6bras, F. Obrar, ind. pres. 2s. thou labourest. Obrase, F. Obrar, subj. 3 impf 1 or 3s. should labour. Obscurecer, inf. va. to darken, to denigrate, to grow dark. Obscuridad, sf. obscurity, darkness, confusion. Obscuro-a, a. obscure, unintelligi- ble, dark, gloomy, confused. Observaban, F. Observar, ind. imp Sp. observed. Observancia, sf. observance, respect, reverence, careful obedience. Observando, F. Observar, ger. ob- serving, remarking. Observar, inf. va. to observe, to at tend to, to obey, to execute. Observas, F. Observar, ind. pres 2s. thou observest. Obstinacion, sf. obstinacy, stub bornness, obduracy. Obstinado-a, part, or adjec. deter mined, obstinate ; having resolved Obtendra, F. Obtener, ind. fit. 3s shall, will obtain. Obtener, inf. va. to obtain, to ac- quire, to preserve, to maintain. 20* 233 OFI 6IG Dcasion, sf. occasion, opportunity, season, cause, motive. Ocasionaba, F. Ocasionar, ind. impf. 3s. occasioned, caused. Ocasionar, inf. va. to cause, to oc- casion, to excite, to endanger. Oceano, sm. ocean; mar oceano, the great sea. 6cho, a. num. eight. 6cio, sm. laziness, indolence, lei- sure. Ocioso-a, a. idle, indolent, lazy. Octajenario-a, a. and s. eighty years old. Octavo-a, a. num. eighth, the eighth. Ocultar, inf. va. to conceal, to hide, to disguise, to keep secret. Oculto-a, F. Ocultar, part, conceal- ed, hidden. Ociilto, F. Ocultar, ind. pres. Is. I conceal. Ocupaban, F. Ocupar, ind. impf. Sp. they occupied. Ocupacion, sf. occupation, employ- ment, profession. Ocupado-a, part, or adj. occupied, employed, engaged, disturbed. Ocupar, inf. va. to occupy, to en- gage, to fill. O-cuparse, vn. r. to be engaged, to be busy. Ocurrencia, sf. occurrence, event, incident. 6dio, sm. hatred, detestation. Odiosisimo-a, a. super, most or very odious, detestable, hateful. Odorifero-a, a. odoriferous, fragrant, perfumed. Ofende, F. Ofender, ind. pres. 3s. oifends. Ofender, inf. va. to oifend, to make angry, to injure. Ofendido-a,^ar£. adjec. offended, af- fronted, vexed, injured, displeased. Oficial, sm. journeyman, officer, clerk, magistrate. Oficio, sm. occupation, business, trade, profession, official letter. Oficioso-a, a. officious, attentive. Ofrece, F. Ofrecer, ind. pres. 3s. oilers. Ofrecer, inf. va. to offer, to present, to manifest to consecrate. Ofreci, F. Ofrecer, ind. pret. Is. I offered. Ofrecia, F. Ofrecer, ind. impf. 1 or 3s. offered. Ofreci an, F. Ofrecer, ind. imp. Sp. they oliered. Ofreciendo, F. Ofrecer, ger. offer- ing, presenting. Ofrecieron, F. Ofrecer, ind. pret. 3p. they offered. Ofrecimiento, sm. promise, offering. Ofrecio, F. Ofrecer, ind. pret. 3s. offered. Ofrenda, sf. offering, oblation, ho- mage. Ofuscado-a, part, blind, dazzled. Ofuscando, F. Ofuscar, ger. blind- ing, dazzling. Of use an, F. Ofuscar, ind. pres. Sp. disturb. Oh, inter, oh. Oi, F. Oir, ind. pret. Is. I heard, listened to. Oido, F. Oir, part, heard, listened to ; s. ear. Oiga, F. Oir, imp. pres. 3s. let hear. 6iga, F. Oir, subj. pres. 1 or 3s. may hear. 6igan, F. Oir, subj. pres. Sp. may hear. 6igas, F. Oir, subj. pres. 2s. thou may est hear. Oigo, F. Oir, ind. pres. Is. I hear. Oir, inf. va. to hear, to perceive, to understand, to listen to. Oira, F. Oir, ind. fat. 3s. will or shall hear. 234 OPE 6RD Oiste, F. Oir, ind. pret. 2s. thou heardst. Ojaza, aug. of Ojo, sm. large, big eye. Ojeada, sf. glance, glimpse. Ojete, dim. of Ojo, sm. little, small r eye. Ojo, sm. eye ; sight, lather. Ojuelo, sm. small, pretty eye, dim. of 0/o. Ola, sf. wave, billow. Olanda, sf. cambric, linen. Olavides (Pablo) sm.prop. Olavides, Count of Pilo. Born in Lima, Peru, 1740, died in Spain, 1803. He is distinguished for his perse- cutions, for his ill-requited spirit of improvement, for his talents as a writer, and for being the author of "El Evanjelio en Tfiunfo," The Gospel in Triumph. Olor, sm. smell, odour, hope. Oloroso-a, a. odoriferous, smelling, fragant. Olvidaba, F. Olvidar, ind. impf 1 or 3s. forgot. Olvidais, F. Olvidar, ind. pres. 2p. you or ye forget. Olvidando, F. Olvidar, ger. forget- ing, neglecting. Olvidar, inf. pres. va. to forget, to neglect to omit. Olvidas, F. Olvidar, ind. pres. 2s. thou forgettest. Olvides, F. Olvidar, subj. pres. 2s. thou mayest forget. Olvido, sm. oblivion, forgetfulness. Omitir, inf. pres. va. to omit, to neglect, to pass over in silence. Omnipotente, sm. Omnipotent, Al- mighty. Ondeando, F. Ondear, ger. undula- ting, fluctuating. Ondear, inf. va. to undulate, to wave. Opera, F. Operar, ind. pres. 3s. operates. Operacion, sf. operation, action, conduct. Operan, F. Operar, ind. pres. Sp. they operate. Operar, inf. va. to operate, to act, to have agency. Opinion, sf. opinion, judgment, re- putation, character. Opone, F. Oponer, ind. pres. 3s. opposes. Oponen, F. Oponer, ind. pres. Sp. they oppose. Oponer, inf. va. to oppose, to con- tradict, to object. Opongan, F. Oponer, subj. 2ires. Sp. they may oppose. Oportunidad, sf. opportunity, occa- sion, convenience. Oportuno-a, a. opportunely, be- times, seasonable, convenient. Oposicion, sf. opposition, contra- diction, competition. Opresion, sf. oppression, calamity, tyranny. Opresivo-a, adj. oppressive, tyran- nical. Oprimen, F. Oprimir, ind. pres. Sp. they oppress. Oprimir, inf. va. to oppress, to crush, to afflict, to overpower. Oprobio, sm. opprobrium, ignominy, calumny, shame. Opuesto-a, a. opposite; contrary, adverse. Opulencia, sf opulence, wealth, riches. 6ra, conj. now, whether, whether it be. Oraba, F. Orar, ind. impf. 3s. prayed. Oracion, sf prayer, supplication, petition. Orador, sm. orator, panegyrist, en- comiast. Orar, inf. vn. to pray, to supplicate heaven, to ask, to harangue. 235 osc 6ye 6rden, sf. order, precept. Ordena, F. Ordenar, ind. pres. 3s. ordains. Ordenado-a, part, adjec. ordered, commanded, ordained. Ordenanza, sf. method, order, law, ordinance. Ordenar, inf. va. to ordain, to order, to command, to direct. Ordeno, F. Ordenar, ind. pret. 3s. ordained. Ordinario-a, a. ordinary, coarse; de ordinario, usually. Orgullo, sm. pride, arrogance, haughtiness. Orgull6so-a, a. proud, haughty, brisk, active. Orijen, sm. origin, source, motive, birthplace. Orilla, sf. bank (of a river,) border, limit, edge, footpath. Ornad, F. Omar, imp. pres. 2p. or- nament you. Ornar, inf. pres. va. to ornament, to adorn, to embellish, to decorate. Ornato, sm. ornament, dress, deco- ration. 6ro, sm. gold, riches, trinket. Ortiz, sm. prop, a late Mexican writer. Os, F. Vos, or Vosotros, pron. per. p. o. you, ye; to you, to ye. Osaba, F. Osar, ind. impf. 1 or 3s. I, it, he, or she dared. Osaban, F. Osar, ind. impf. 3p. they dared. Osadia, sf. courage, intrepidity, zeal, ardour. Osar, inf. pres. vn. to dare, to ven ture, to be so bold as, to fancy. Osa.se, F. Osar, subj. 3 impf 1 or 3s. I or he should dare. Osasen, F. Osar, subj. 3 impf 3p. they should dare. Oscuridad, sf. obscurity, darkness, confusion. Oscuro-a, a. obscure, dark, unin- telligible. Ostentacion, sf ostentation, out- ward show, vain display. Ostentado, F. Ostentar, part, de- monstrated, bragged, praised. Ost.entado-a, a. ostentatious, fond of display. Ostentan, F. Ostentar, ind. pres. 3p. they brag of. Ostentar, inf. pres. va. to show, to demonstrate, to boast, to brag, to make a display, a show. Ostentes, F. Ostentar, subj. pres. 2s. thou mayest display. Ostento, F. Ostentar, ind. pret. 3s. it, he, or she displayed. Ostento, sm. show, spectacle, pro- digy. Otero, sm. hill, eminence. Otoinano-a, sub. Ottoman, Turk. Otomano-a, a. Ottoman, relating to the Turkish empire. Otoinan, sub. Ottoman, Turk. Otoman, a. Ottoman, Turkish. 6tro-a, a. another, other; next; next one. Otrosj, ad. in the same manner, also, besides, further. Oveja, sf. ewe, flock. 6ye, F. Oir, ind. pres. 3s. it, he, or she hears. 6ye, F. Oir, imp. pres. 2s. hear thou. Oyen, F. Oir, ind. pres. 3p. they hear. Oyendo, F. Oir, ger. hearing, per- ceiving. Oyente, sm. hearer, auditor. Oyentes, sm. p. audience. Oyeron, F. Oir, ind. pret. 3p. heard, listened to. Oyes, F. Oir, ind. pres. 2s. thou nearest. PAL PAR Pablo, sub. prop. m. Paul, a man's name. Padecen, F. Padecer, ind. pres. 3p. they suffer. Padecer, inf. pres. va. to suffer, to sustain an injury, to be liable to. Padeci, F. Padecer, ind. pret. 3s. I suffered. Padeciendo, F. Padecer, ger. suffer- ing. Padezcan, F. Padecer, subj. pres. Sp. they may suffer. Padre, sin. father, parent ; ancestor, origin. Paga, F. Pagar, ind. pret. Bs. it, he, or she pays. Pagado-a,_par/. and a. pleased, paid, discharged, atoned, rewarded. Pagan, F. Pagar, ind. pres. Sp. they pay- Pagar, inf. pres. va. to pay, to atone, to please, to reward. Pagaron, F. Pagar, ind. pret. Sp. they paid. Pagas, F. Pagar, ind. pres. 2s. thou payest. Pais, sm. country, nation, place. Paja, sm. straw, blade. Pajarillo, sm. small bird, dim. of Pdjaro. Paje, sm. page, domestic. Palabra, sf word, affirmation, pro- mise. Palacio, sm. palace, castle, splendid house. Paliadas, sf. fabulous virgins, con- secrated to Jupiter, by the The- bans of Egypt. Paliado-a, a. deceitful, hypocritical, infamous. Palillo, sm. a small stick, tooth- pick, rolling-pin. Palpa, F. Palpar, ind. pres. 3s. he, she, or it feels. Palpablemente, ad. evidently, clear- Paipar, inf. pres. va. to feel, to touch, to search by feeling in the dark. Pan, sm. bread, support. Pantalia, sf. discharge. Papa, sm. Pope, the Pontiff. Papel, sm. paper; figure; show, eclat; standing. Par, sm. pair, equal ; sin par, match- less, without equal ; a la par a par, both at once ; de par en par, a-jar, (speaking of a door.) Para, prep, for, to, towards, to the end ; para con, in regard to, re- specting. Para, F. Parar, ind. pres. 3s. stops, detains. Par ad, F. Parar, imp. pres. 2p. stop. Paraje, sm. place, residence, condi- tion, disposition. Paralelo, sm. parallel, comparison, match. Parar, inf. va. to detain, to impede, to end, to happen, to stop. Parar, inf. vn. to stop, to halt. Parche, sm. patch, plaster. Parece, F. Parecer, ind. pres. 3s. appears. Parece d, F. Parecer, imp. 2p. ap- pear. Parecen, F. Parecer, ind. pres. Sp. they appear. Parecer, inf. vn. to appear, to seem, to resemble. Parecer, sm. opinion, look ; al pa- recer, to all appearances. Pareces, F. Parecer, ind. pres. 2s. thou appearest, seemst. 237 PAR PAS Pared, F. Parecer, ind. pret. Is. I appeared. Parecia, F. Parecer, bid. impf. 1 or 3s. I, it, he, or she appeared. Parecian, F. Parecer, ind. imp/. Sp. they appeared. Parecido-a, a. resembling, like, fa- vouring. Parecido, F. Parecer, part, appear- ed, found out, approved. Pareciendo, F. Parecer, ger. appear- ing. ^ Parecio, F. Parecer, ind. pret. 3s. it, appeared. Pared, sf. wall, rampart. Parentesco, sm. kindred, consan- guinity, relationship, union, link. Pariente, sm. relation, kindred; a. resembling. Parleria, sf. loquacity, garrulity, talking, chirping. Paro, F. Parar, ind. pres. Is. I stop. Parpado, sm. eyelid. Parroco, sm. curate, rector. Parroquia, sf. parish. Parte, sf. part, share ; some ; de parte a parte, through. Parten, F. Partir, ind. pres. 3p. they depart. Partia, F. Partir, ind. impf. 1 or 3s. departed. Participan, F. Participar, ind. pres. Sp. they participate. Participo, F. Participar, ind. pres. Is. I participate. Particular, a. private, particular, peculiar, special, singular. Particularmente, ad. particularly, especially. Partida, sf quality, item, (in ac- count,) departure. Partido, sm. measure, favour, pro- tection, contract ; match. Partido, F. Partir, part, divided, departed. Partiendo, F. Partir, ger. departing, setting out. Partio, F. Partir, ind. pret. 3s. de- parted. Partir, inf. vn. to depart, to go off, to set out, to start. Partir, inf. va. to divide, to separate, to part, to resolve. Pasa, ind. pret. 3s. passes, spends. Pas aba, F. Pasar 9 ind. impf 1 or 3s. passed. Pas ado, F. Pasar, part, passed, pierced. Pasais, F. Pasar, ind. ])res. 2p. ye or you pass. Pasan, F. Pasar, ind. pres. Sp. they pass. Pasando, F. Pasar, ger. passing, penetrating. Pasar, inf. va. to pass, to cross, to run through, to exceed. Pasar, inf. vn. to pass, to go, to call on, to die. Pasara, F. Pasar. subj. impf 1 or 3s. I, he, &c. might or would pass. Pasaron, F. Pasar, ind. pret. Sp. they passed. Pasas, F. Pasar, ind. pres. 2s. thou passest. Pasase, F. Pasar, subj. 3 impf. 1 or 3s. he might, should, w T ould pass. Pasasen, F. Pasar, subj. 3 impf. Sp. should, would, might pass. Pasear, inf. vn. to w r alk, to move slowly, to go, to take exercise. Paseado, F. Pasear, part, walked. moved. Pasean, F. Pasear, ind. pres. Sp. they w r alk. Pasmado-a, part, adjec. chilled, as- tonished, enraptured. Pasmar, inf. va. to astonish, to awe. Pasmaron, (se) ind. pret. Sp. they w r ere astonished. Pasmaron, F. Pasmar, ind. pret. Sp. they astonished. 238 PED PEN Paso, sm. step, passage ; al paso que, at the same time that. Paso, ind.pret. 3s. he went to, called at. Paso, F. Pasar, ind. pres. Is. I pass. Pastor, sm. shepherd, pastor. Pastora, sf. shepherdess. Pastorcillo-a, sub. dim. of Pastor. Patavino, sm. a native of Padua, or Patavium, Italy. Patente, sf. patent, warrant, com- mission. Patente, a. manifest, evident, plain. Paternal, a. paternal, fatherly. Patio, sm. yard, court, pit. Patria, sf. native country, birth- place, country. Patron, pi. Patronos; sm. supporter; guardian, saint. Paves, sm. shield. Pavor, sm. dread, terror. Paz, sf. peace. Peca, F. Pecar, ind. pres. 3s. sins, transgresses. Pecado, sm. sin, transgression, ex- travagance. Pecar, inf. vn. to sin ; to be want- ing, to commit excess. Pecaste, F. Pecar, ind.pret. 2s. thou sinnedst. Pececillo, sm. small fish, dim. of Pez, or Pezcado. Pecho, sm. breast, courage, bosom ; heart. Pecador-a, sub. sinner, offender, de- linquent. Pedazo, sm. piece, bit, selection. Pedia, F. Pedir, ind. impf. 3s. asked, begged. Pedian, F. Pedir, ind. impf. Sp. they asked. Pedir, inf. va. to ask, to petition, to wish, to desire, to demand. Pedira, F. Pedir, ind. fat. 3s. will, shall ask. Pedis, F. Pedir, ind. pres. 2p. you ask. Pedregoso-a, a. stony, cragged, rugged. Pedrena, sf. a collection of fine stones. Pedro el Cruel, sub. prop. m. Peter the Cruel, a tyrant of Spain. Pelayo, sub. prop. m. Pelagius, the first Spanish hero that rose against the Moorish yoke. Pelea, sf. fight, combat, struggle. Peleado, F. Pelear, part, fought. Pelear, inf. pres. va. to fight, to combat, to quarrel, to contend. Pelearon, F. Pelear, ind. pret. Bp. fought. Peligro, sm. danger, risk, hazard; de peligro, dangerous. Peligroso-a, a. dangerous, perilous, venturous, hazardous. Pel6so-a, a. hairy, covered with hair. Pellejo, sm. skin, fur, hide. Pena, sf punishment, pain, penal- ty; grief, sorrow. Pende, F. Pender, ind. pret. 3s. it, he, or she hangs, or depends. Pendencia, sf quarrel, disagree- ment, dispute. Pender, inf. pres. vn. to hang over, to depend, to be resolute. Pendiente, a. hanging, depending ; s. declivity. Penetra, F. Penetrar, ind. pres. 3s. it, he, or she penetrates. Penetrando, F. Penetrar, ger. pene- trating. Penetrar, inf. pres. va. to penetrate, to pierce, to be convinced, to un- derstand, to affect the mind. Peninsula, sm. a peninsula, or a portion of land almost surround- ed by water ; hence Spain is fre- quently called the Peninsula. £39 PER PER Penitencia, sf. atonement, penance, privation. Penoso-a, a. painful. Pensaba, F. Pensar, ind. impf. 1 or 3s. thought, was thinking. Pensainiento, sm. thought, idea, de- sign. Pensarnos, F. Pensar, ind. pres. \p. we think. Pensarnos, F. Pensar, ind. pret. \p. we thought. Pensando, F. Pensar, ger. thinking, believing. Pensar, inf. pres. va. to think, to imagine, to believe, to weigh. Pensativo-a, a. pensive, thoughtful, reflective, cautious. Pensil, sm. pensile, a hanging gar- den. Peiia, sm. rock. Pequeiio-a, a. small, narrow, young. Pera, sm. pear, (a fruit.) Perciben, F. Percibir, ind. pres. Sp. perceive, receive. Percibido, F. Percibir, part, per- ceived, received. Percibimos, F. Percibir, ind. pret. \p. we perceived. Percibio, F. Percibir, ind. pret. 3s. perceived. Percibir, inf. pres. va. to perceive; to receive. Percibo, ind. pres. Is. I perceive, observe. Perder, inf. va. to lose, to miss, to lavish, to misspend. Perdi, F. Perder, ind. pret. Is. I lost. Perdi a, F. Perder, ind. impf 1 or 3s. lost. Perdian, F. Perder, ind. impf 3p. they lost. Perdicion, sf. perdition, loss, prodi- gality, extravagance. Perdida, sf. loss, detriment, da- mage. Perdi era, F. Perder, subj. 1 impf 1 or 3s. would lose. Perdieron, F. Perder, ind. pret. Sjj. they lost. Perdiese, F. Perder, subj. 3 impf 1 or 3s. should lose. Perdio, F. Perder, ind. pret. 3s. lost. Perdiste, F. Perder, ind. pret. 2s. didst lose, lost. Perdonando, F. Perdonar, ger. par- doning, excusing. Perdonar, inf. va. to pardon, to for- give, to beg leave, to exempt. Perdono, F. Perdonar, ind. pret. 3s. pardoned. Perec er, inf. vn. to perish. Pereceremos, F. Pereccr, ind. Jut, 1p. we shall, will perish. Perecio, F. Perecer, ind. pret. 3s. perished. Peregrin ado, part, travelled, pere- grinated. Peregrino-a, a. wandering, most beautiful; s. a pilgrim. Perez (Antonio) sm. prop, an emi- nent Spanish minister and distin- guished writer, persecuted by Philip II. Born about the mid- dle of the 16th century; died 1611. Pereza, sf. sloth, laziness. Perezoso-a, a. slothful, lazy, indo- lent. Perfeccion, sf. perfection, excel- lence, beauty, grace. Perfeccionar, inf. va. to perfect, to complete, to finish entirely. Perjuicial, a. prejudicial, hurtful, injurious. Perjuicio, sm. prejudice, injury, mischief. Perla, sf. pearl. Permita, F. Permitir, subj. pres. 3s. may permit. Permitid, F. Permitir, imp. pres. 2p. permit ye. 240 PER PIC Permitieron, F. Permitir, ind. pret. Sp. they permitted. Permitir, inf. va. to permit, to agree, to grant, to admit. Permutaban, F. Permutar, ind. impf. Sp. exchanged, trucked. Pernicioso-a, a. pernicious, mis chievous, destructive. Pero, prep, but ; except, yet. Perpetuamente, adv. everlastingly, forever. Perpetuo-a, a. perpetual, eternal. Perrillo, sm. a little dog, dim. of Perro. Perro, sm. dog, loss. Perseguido-a, part, adjec. perse- cuted, followed, pursued, ha- rassed. Perseguir, inf. va. to persecute, to pursue, to harass, to weaiy. Persia, sub. prop. f. Persia, an ex- tensive empire of Asia. Persiguen, F. Perseguir, subj. pres. Sp. they may persecute. Persiste, F. Persistir, ind. pres. Ss. persists, insists. Persistir, inf. vn. to persist, to con- tinue firm, to persevere, to insist. Persona, sf person, individual, per- sonage. Personaje, sm. character, person- age. Perspicaz, a. perspicacious, saga- cious, acute. Persuade, F. Persuadir, ind. pres. Ss. persuades. Persuadido-a, part, adjec. per- suaded, satisfied, convinced, sen- sible. Persuadir, (se) inf. va. to persuade, to induce, to be persuaded. Persuasivo-a, a. persuasive, pa- thetic. Pertenece, F. Pertenecer, ind. pres. Ss. belongs. 21 Pertenecen, F. Pertenecer, ind. pres. Sp. they belong. Pertenecer, inf. vn. to belong to; to behoove. Pertenezca, F. Pertenecer, subj. pres. 1 or 3s. may pertain, be- long. Pertrechos, sm. ammunition, arms, instruments. Perverso-a, a. perverse, stubborn, wicked. Pesa, F. Pesar, ind. pres. Ss. it grieved, sorry for. Pesado-a, a. difficult, troublesome, fatiguing; heavy. Pesadumbre, sf sorrow, grief, af- fliction. Pesca, sf. fishing, fish, fishery. Pesar, inf. pres. va. and vn. to weigh ; to be sorry for ; a pesar de, in spite, notwithstanding. Pesebre, sm. crib, manger, stable. Pesimo-a, a. super, worse, extreme- ly bad. Peso, sm. weight, consequence, dol- lar. Pestanea, ind. pres. Ss. he views in- distinctly. Pestanear, inf. va. to move the eye- lashes ; to view indistinctly. Peste, sm. plague, pest. Pestifero-a, a. pestiferous, mis- chievous. Pestilente, a. pestilent, pernicious. Peticion, sf. petition, memorial, re- quest. Peto, sm. breast-plate. Piadoso-a, a. pious, merciful, com- passionate. Pic aba, F. Picar, md. impf. 1 or 3s. pricked, pushed. Picaban, F. Picar, ind. impf. Sp they stung, pricked, pushed. Pi can. F. Picar, ind. pres. Sp. prick, push. Picante, a. sarcastic, cutting, hot. 241 PIR POB Picar, inf. va. to prick, to sting, to itch, to spur, to be hot. Picaron, sub. rogue, villain, rascal. Pide, F. Pedir, ind. pres. Bs. begs asks. Piden, F. Pedir, ind. pres. Sp. they beg. Pidiendo, F. Pedir, ger. asking. begging. Pidieron, F. Pedir, ind. pret. Sp. they asked. Pie, sm. foot, level ; a pie, on foot. Piedad, sf. piety, mercy, pity. Piedra, sf. stone. Pielago, sm. bottom, abyss, ocean, sea. Piensa, F. Pensar, ind. pres. Bs. thinks. Piensan, F. Pensar, ind. pres. Bp. they think. Piensas, F. Pensar, ind. pres. 2s. thou dost think. Pierda, F. Perder, subj. pres. 1 or 3s. may lose. Pierdas, F. Perder, subj. pres. 2s. thou mayest lose. Pierden, F. Perder, ind. pres. Bp. they lose. Pierdo, F. Perder, ind. pres. Is. I lose. Pierna, sf. leg. Pincel, sm. pencil, lead-pencil. Pintado, F. Pintar, apart, painted, adorned. Pintan, F. Pintar, ind. pres. Bp. they paint. Pintar, inf. va. to paint, to portray, to describe, to delineate. Pintura, sf. picture; description; painting. Piquen, F. Picar, subj. pres. Bp. they may peck. Pirineo-a, a. Pyrenean, relating to the Pyrenees. Pirineos, sub. prop. m. p. Pyrenees. Pisar, inf. pres. va. to tread, to stamp, to trample. Pise, F. Pisar, subj. pres. 1 or 3&. may tread. Piso, F. Pisar, imp. pres. Is. I tread; s. story (of a house.) Pisto, sm. substance, juice. Pis tola, sf. pistol. Pitagoras, sub. prop. m. Pythagoras, a celebrated philosopher of anti- quity. Pizarro, sub. prop. m. Pizarro, a Spaniard who conquered Peru. Placer, sm. pleasure, delight. Planicie, sf. plain, evenness, even ground. Planta, sf plant, sole (of the foot.) Planta, F. Plantar, ind. Bs. plants, sows. Plantado, F. Plantar, part, planted, sown, fixed. Plantar, inf. pres. va. to plant, to set up, to fix, to erect, to sow. Planto, F. Plantar, ind. pres. Is. I plant. Planto, F. Plantar, ind. pres. Bs. planted. Plata, sf. silver, plate, wealth. Playa, sf. shore, beach. Plaza, sf. town, place, square, fortress. Plazo, sm. credit, appointed time. Plebeyo, sm. plebeian, vulgar. Plegado, F. Plegar, part, folded, doubled. Plegue, F. Plegar, subj. Bs. may it please, would that. Plinio, sub. prop. m. Pliny, an an- cient Roman natural historian. Pluma, sf. pen, feather, writer. Plutarco, sub. prop. m. Plutarch, an eminent ancient Greek biogra- pher. Poblacion, sf. population; town, city 242 p6l pos Poblado-a, F. Poblar, part, peopled, inhabited ; s. a town. Pobre, a. poor, indigent, insignifi- cant ; s. a beggar. Pobreza, sf poverty, wretchedness, misery. Poco, s. ad. and a. little ; poco a poco, slowly, by degrees. Poder, sm. power, force, authority, might. Poder, inf. va. to be able, to have energy. Poderoso-a, a. powerful, mighty, wealthy, eminent. Podeis, F. Poder, ind. pres. 2p. ye may. Podemos, F. Poder, ind. pres. Ip. we can. Podia, F. Poder, ind. impf. 1 or 3s. I could. Podiamos, F. Poder, ind. impf. \p. we could. Podian, F. Poder, ind. impf. Sp. they could, were able. Podido, F. Poder, part, being able. Podra, F. Poder, ind. fut. 3s. will be able. Podre, F. Poder, ind. fut. Is. I shall, will be able. Podremos, F. Poder, ind. fut. \p. we shall be able. Poesia, sf. poetry, poesy. Poeta, sm. poet, bard. Polibio, sub. prop. m. Polybius, an eminent warrior and historian of antiquity. Policia, sf police, politeness, clean- liness, policy. Politico-a, a. polite, courteous, po- litic. Poltroneria, sf. supineness, idleness, laziness. Polvareda, sf. cloud of dust, alter- cation, dispute. Polvo, sm. powder, powders. Polvora sf. gunpowder. Pompa, sf. pomp, magnificence. Pomposidad, sf. ostentation, mag- nificent show, bombast. Pomposo-a, a. pompous, ostenta- tious, magnificent, inflated. Pon, F. Poner, imp. pres. 2s. place, or put. Porcion, sf. portion, quantity. Ponderar, inf. va. to exaggerate, to weigh, to examine, to ponder, to dwell on. Pone, F. Poner, ind. pres. 3s. puts. Ponen, F. Poner, ind. pres. Sp. they put. Poner, inf. va. to put ; to fix, to im- pose ; vr. to set to, to begin. Pones, F. Poner, ind. pres. 3s. thou puttest. Ponga, F. Poner, subj. pres. 1 or 3s. may put. Pongo, F. Poner. ind. pres. Is. I put. Ponia, F. Poner, ind. impf. 1 or 3s placed, put. Poniendo, F. Poner, ger. placing, putting. Poniente, sub. prop. m. west, west wind. Pontifice, sm. Pope, Pontiff. Ponzoiia, sf poison, venom. Popular, a. popular. Por, prep, by, for, through, on, in, on account of. Por entre, comp. prep, between, among, through. Porfia, sf obstinacy, vying. Porfiado-a, a. obstinate, stubborn. Porque, conj. because, in order that why ? for what ? Porte, sm. carriage, postage, con- duct, caliber. Portero, sm. porter. Portico, sm. portico, piazza (porch supported by columns.) Posada, sf lodgings, tavern, hotel, inn. 243 PRE PRE Posee, F. Poseer, ind. pres. 3s. pos- sesses. Pose en, F. Poseer, ind. pres. 3p. they possess. Poseer, inf. va. to possess, to have, to hold. Poseian, F. Poseer, ind. impf. Sp. they possessed. Poseido, F. Poseer, part, possessed, had. Posible, a. possible. Positivamente, ad. positively, abso- lutely, certainly. Positivo-a, adj. positive. Posta, sf. mail, post-office, one that travels by the post. Postrar, inf. va. to prostrate, to hum- ble, to debilitate, to exhaust. Postrar, inf. pres. vr. to prostrate one's self, to kneel. Potest ad, sf. power. Potestades, sfp. the heavenly spirits of the sixth choir. Pozo, sm. well, whirlpool. Praderia, sf. meadow, mead, lawn, prairie. Prado, sm. meadow, prairie. Preceder, inf. va. to precede, to go before. Precedio, F. Preceder, ind.pret. 3s preceded, went before. Precederan, F. Preceder, ind. fat. Sp. they will or shall precede. Preciado-a, a. valued, appraised, precious, conceited. Precio, sm. price, value. Preciosidad, sm. preciousness, ex cellence, worth, merit. Precioso-a, a. precious, valuable, excellent. Precipicio, sm. precipice, destruc tiom Precipitar, inf. va. to precipitate, to throw headlong. Precipitaremos, F. Precipitar, ind. fat. Ip. we shall, will precipitate. Precisar, inf. va. to compel, to oblige, to force. Precision, sf precision, purity, cor- rectness, necessity, obligation. Preciso-a, a. necessary; precise, clear. Predecir, inf. va. to foretell, to anti- cipate, to predict. Predijo, F. Predecir, ind. pret. 3s. foretold, predicted. Preferible, a. preferable, eligible, worthy of preference. Pregunta, sf. request, question, in- quiry. Preguntaban, F. Preguntar, ind. impf. Sp. they ask. Preguntan, F. Preguntar, ind. pres. Sp. they inquire. Preguntando, F. Preguntar, ger. asking. Preguntar, inf. va. to ask, to ques- tion, to demand, to inquire. Pregunte, F. Preguntar, ind. preU Is. I asked. Pregunto, F. Preguntar, ind. pret* 3s. demanded. Prelado, sm. prelate. Preludio, sm. prelude. Premia, F. Premiar, ind. pres. 3s. rewards. Premiar, inf. va. to recompense, to reward, to remunerate. Premio, F. Premiar, ind. pret. 3s. rewarded. Premio, sm. premium, reward. Prenda, sm. quality; accomplish- ment, pawn, talent. Prendado-a, a. gifted, endued; part, being delighted with. Prendieron, F. Prender, ind. pret. Sp. they took, they took root. Preocupacion, sf. prejudice. Prepara, F. Preparar, ind. pres. 3s. prepares. Preparar, inf. va. to prepare, to fit to get ready, to be disposed. 244 PRE PRI Preparas, F. Preparar, ind. pres. 2s. thou preparest. Preparativo, sm. preparation, prepa rative. Prerogativa, sf prerogative, power, privilege. Presa, sf. prize, spoil, capture. Prescindir, inf. va. to lay aside, to cut off, to intercept. Prescribe, F. Prescribir, ind. pres 3s. prescribes, commands. Prescribir, inf. va. to prescribe, to mark, to command. Presencia, sf. presence, figure, de- meanour. Presenta, F. Presentar, ind. pres 3s. presents. Presentaba, F. Presentar, ind. impf 1 or 3s. presented. Presentaban, F. Presentar, ind. impf. Sp. they presented. Presentar, inf. va. to present, to offer, to favour with a gift. Presentaron, F. Presentar, ind. pret. Sp. they presented. Presente, sub. present, gift. Presente, a. present. Presente, F. Presentar, ind. pret. Is. I presented. Presento, F. Presentar, ind. pret. 3s. presented. Preserver, inf. va. to preserve, to defend from evil, to keep. Preservo, F. Preservar, ind. pret. 3s. preserved. Preso, sm. a prisoner ; part, taken, seized in prison. Preso, F. Tomar, part, taken, seized. Presteza, sf. quickness, prompti- tude. Prestijio, sm. illusion, fascination. Presto, ad. soon, directly. Presumido-a, part, substan. pre- sumptuous, bold, vain, or petu- lant. 21* Presumido, F. Presumir, part, pre- sumed, arrogated. Presuncion, sf. presumption, con- jecture, confidence, suspicion. Presuroso-a, a. hasty, prompt, light. Pretende, F. Pretender, ind. pres. 3s. pretends, desires. Pretender, inf. va. to pretend, to claim, to solicit, to attempt. Pretendes, F. Pretender, ind. pres. 2s. thou pretendest or attemptest. Pretendiente, sm. candidate, suitor, lover, solicitor. Pretension, sf pretension, claim, pretext. Pretestando, F. Pretestar, ger. al- leging. Pretestar, inf. va. to allege, to give a pretext, to advance a pretence. Pretiende, F. Pretender, ind. pres. 3s. solicits, pretends. Pretiendes, F. Pretender, ind. pres. 2s. thou pretendest. Pretor, sm. Praetor, formerly one of the chief magistrates of Rome. Prevaricador, sm. prevaricator, ca- viller, shuffler. Prevenir, inf. va. to prepare, to an- ticipate, to prevent, to provide. Prever, inf. va. to foresee, to fore- know. Previniendo, F. Prevenir, ger. cau- tioning, arranging, preventing, considering, ordering. Pre vino, F. Prevenir, ind. pret. 3s, provided. Priesa, sub. haste, hurry ; de priesa, in haste, fast. Primer, a. num. first; chief, superio Primeramente, ad. first, in the first place Primero-a, a. num. first ; chief. Primitivo-a, a. primitive, original. Primor, sm. nicety, delicacy. Primoroso-a, ad. neat, elegant, ex quisite, pretty, dexterous. 245 pr6 FRO Principados, sm. p. the heavenly spirits of the third choir ; princi- pality, power, pre-eminence. Principal, a. principal, noble, princely, of quality, rank. Principalmente, ad. principally, chieliy, mainly. Principe, sm. prince, king. Principiaba, F. Principiar, ind. impf 3s. it was beginning, began. Principiar, inf. va. to begin, to commence, to enter upon. Principio, F. Principiar, ind. pret. 3s. began. Principio, sm. principle, beginning, motive, source. Prisa, a. and s. haste ; de prisa, in haste, fast. Prision, sf. prison, jail, captivity. Prisionero, sm. prisoner, culprit. Priva, F. Privar, ind. pres. 3s. de- prives. Priva, F. Privar, ind. pres. 3s. en- joys the favour of. Privacion, sf. privation, want. Privando, F. Privar, ger. depriving. Privanza, sf. favour, protection. Privar, inf. pres. vn. to deprive of, to preclude from, to enjoy the protection of. Privilejiado-a, a. possessing a privi- lege or power. Probaban, (se) ind. impf 3p. they tried, experimented, proved. Probar, inf. va. to try, to examine, to prove, to taste, to attempt, Problema, sm. problem, question. Proceder, sm behaviour, conduct, manner of acting. Proceder, sm. manner of proceed- ing, demeanour, management. Procesion, sf procession, train. Proceso, sm. process, judicial pro- ceedings, suit. Procsimo-a, a. next; nearest, on the verge of. Procura, F. Procurar, ind. pres. 3s. endeavours. Procuraban, F. Procurar f ind. impf 3p. they endeavoured. Procuramos, F. Procurar, ind. pres. \p. we endeavour. Procurando, F. Procurar, ger. en- deavouring. Procurar, inf va. to solicit, to strive, to endeavour, Procurare, F. Procurar, ind. fat. Is, I will endeavour. Procuremos, F. Procurar, subj. pres. or imp. \p. may, let .... . endeavour. Procures, F. Procurar, subj. pres. 2s. thou mayest endeavour. Prodigalidad, sf prodigality, extra- vagance, abundance. Prodigar, inf. va. to waste, to lav- ish, to mis-spend, to bestow. Prodigado, F. Prodigar, part, lavish. Prodijio, sm. prodigy, miracle, won- der. Produccion, sf. production, com- modity, Produee, F. Producir, ind. 3s. produces. Prodiicen, F. Producir, ind. pres 3p. produce. Producido, sm. proceeds. Producido, F. Producir, part, pro- duced, brought forth, exhibited, maintained. Producir, inf. va. to produce, to bring forth, to engender. Produjo, F. Producir, ind. pret. 3s produced. Produzca, F. Producir, subj. pres. 3s. may produce. Proferir, inf. va. to utter, to pro- nounce, to proffer, to relate. Profesamos, F. Prqfesar, ind. pres. \p. we profess. Profesar, inf. pres. va. to profess, to exercise, to practise. 246 PRO PRO Profesion, sf. profession, trade, bu- siness, protestation. Profeta, sm. prophet, (one who tells future events.) Profetiza, F. Profetizar, ind. pres 3s. predicts. Profetizar, inf. va. to prophesy, to predict, to conjecture. Profiere, F. Proferir, ind. pres. 3s utters, says. Profugo, sub. fugitive; part, runa- way. Profundamente, ad. profoundly, re- spectfully. Profundidad, sf. profundity, depth, intensity, excellence. Profundisimo-a, a, super, most deep, most profound, most high. Profundo-a, a. profound, deep, sound. Profusion, sf. profusion, lavishness. Progresion, sf progression, pro cess. Prolijo-a, a. prolix, tedious, fati- guing, troublesome. Prolongado-a, a. prolonged, ex- tended, procrastinated, delayed Promesa, sf promise, offering. Prometer, inf. va. to promise; to flatter one's self. Prometes, F. Prometer, ind. pres. 2s. thou promisest. Prometi, F. Prometer, ind. pret. Is. promised. Prometo, F. Prometer, ind. pres. Is. I promise. Prontamente, ad. quickly, promptly. Pronto, ad. soon, immediately. Pronunciado-a, F. Pronunciar, part. uttered. Pronuncian, F. Pronunciar, ind. pres. Sp. they pronounce. Pronunciar, inf. va. to pronounce, to utter, to deliver. Propiamente, ad. properly, regular- ly, orderly. Propiedad, sf. possession, propriety., property, quality. Propio-a, a. peculiar to, own, pro- per; sm. a messenger. Proponer, inf. va. to propose, to represent, to purpose. Proporcion, sf proportion, symme- try, similarity. Proporcion ado, part, adjec. propor- tioned, adapted, Proporcionar, inf. va. to proportion, to adapt, to mitigate, to pro- cure. Proporcionen, F. Proporcionar, subj. pres. Sp. may proportion or procure. Proposito, sm. purpose, design; d proposito, adapted to. Propuesta, sf. proposal, representa- tion, application. Propuso, F. Proponer, ind. pret. 3s. it, he, or she proposed. Prorumpieron, F. Prorumpir, ind. pret. Bp. burst into. Prorumpio, F. Prorumpir , ind. pret, 3s. burst into. Prorumpir, inf. pres. vn. to burst into, to burst forth. Prosa, sf. prose, verbiage, loquaci- ty, language. Proseguid, F. Proseguir, imp. pres. 2p. continue, go on. Proseguir, inf. va. to continue, to follow, to pursue, to go on. Prosiguiendo, F. Proseguir, ger. continuing, following. Prosiguio, F. Proseguir, ind. pret 3s. proceeded, continued. Prosperidad, sf prosperity, success, good fortune, luck. Prospero-a, a. prosperous, success- ful, fortunate. Proteccion, sf. protection, favour, shelter, asylum. Protectora, sf protectress, benefac- tress. 247 PUB PUL Protejer, inf. va. to protect, to pa- tronize, to encourage. Protervo, a. stubborn, arrogant, in- solent. Protesta, sf. protest, promise, asse- veration. Protestacion, sf. protestation, pro- test, solemn declaration. Prove cho, sm. profit, gain, profi- ciency, advantage, utility. Provechoso-a, a. profitable, benefi- cial, advantageous. Proveer, inf. va. to provide, to sup- ply, to dispose, to decree. Prove 1 a, F. Proveer, ind. impf. 1 or 3s. provided. Provenir, inf. vn. to arise, to origi- nate, to proceed from. Providencia, sub. prop, f Provi- dence. Providencia, sf. providence, fore- sight, order of things. Proviene, F. Provenir, ind. pres. 3s. arises, follows. Provienen, ind. pres. 3p. they arise, spring. Provincia, sf. province; country, territory. Provisor, sm. vicar-general, praetor. Proyecto, sm. project, scheme, plan, design. Prudencia, sf prudence, wisdom, temperance. Prude nte, a. prudent, discreet, wise. Prueba, sf. proof, evidence. Prueba, F. Probar, ind. pres. Bs. proves. Prueben, F. Probar, subj. pres. 3p. may prove. Psiquis, sub. prop. Psyche, the be- loved of Cupid. Publicando, F. Publicar, ger. pub- lishing, proclaiming, manifest- ing. Publicar, inf. va. to publish, to ma- nifest. Publico-a, a. public, notorious, common ; S7n. the public. Pude, F. Poder, ind. pret. Is. I could. Pudiendo, F. Poder, ger. being able, or capable. Pudiera, F. Poder, subj. 1 impf. 1 or 3s. might, could. Pudieramos, F. Poder, subj. 1 impf. \p. might, could. Pudieran, F. Poder, subj. 1 impf Sp. could. Pudieron, F. Poder, ind. pret. 3p. they could or were able. Pudiese, F. Poder, subj. 3 impf. 1 or 3s. might, could. Pudo, F. Poder, ind. pret. 3s. could, was able. Pudor, sin. modesty, bashfulness. Pudrira, F. Pudrir, ind. fat. 3s. shall decay, rot. Pueblo, sm. town, population, the people ; nation. Puede, F. Poder, ind. pres. 3s. can, may. Pueden, F. Poder, ind. pres. 3p. they can, may. Puedes, F. Poder, ind. pres. 2s. thou canst, mayest. Puedo, F. Poder, ind. pres. Is. I can, am able, may. Puente, sm. bridge. Pueril, a. puerile, childish, foolish. Puerta, sf. door, gate. Puerto, sm. port, haven, harbour. Pues, or pues que, conj. then, since ; because. Puesto, sm. place, post, office ; part. placed, put. Puesto, or puesto que, conj. since. Pujante, a. powerful, strong, push- ing. Pule, F. Pulir, ind. pres. 3s. polish- es, brightens. Pulen, F. Pulir, ind. pres. 3p. they polish. 248 QUE QUE Pulir, inf. va. to polish ; to civilize, to enlighten. Punta, sf. point, extremity. Punto, sm. point, end, punctilio. Puntualinente, ad. punctually, ex- actly. Puntuoso-a, a. briery, thorny, spi- rited, pointed. Purga, sm. purge, medicine. Purisimo-a, a. super, most or very pure, chaste, uncontaminated. Puro-a, a. pure, unmingled. Purpura, sf. purple, royal mantle. Puee, F. Poner, ind. pret. Is. put, placed. Pusieron, F. Poner, ind. pret. Sp. set to, began, put. Pusiese, F. Poner, subj. 3 impf. 1 or 3s. should place. Pusiesen, F. Poner, subj. 3 impf Sp. should place. Pusilanime, a. pusillanimous, nar- row-minded, mean-spirited. Puso, F. Poner, ind. pret. 3s. put, placed. Q Que, pron. rel. that, which, who, whom. Que, pron. rel. used absolutely, what. Que, conj. than ; for, because, since. Quebrantado, F. Quebrantar, part. broken. Quebrantar, inf. va. to break, to transgress. Queda, F. Quedar, ind. pres. 3s. re- mains, is. Quedaba, F. Quedar, ind. impf. 1 or 3s. remained. Quedado, F. Quedar, part, remain- ed, stopped. Que dan, F. Quedar, ind. pres. Sp. they remain. Quedando, F. Quedar, ger. remain- ing, staying. Quedar, inf. vn. to stay, to remain, to continue, to last. Quedarais, F. Quedar, subj. 1 impf 2p. ye or you would remain. Quedaron, F. Quedar, ind. pret. Sp. became, were, remained. Quede, F. Quedar, subj. pres. 1 or 3s. may remain. Quedo, F. Quedar, ind. pres. Is. I remain, Quedo, F. Quedar, ind. pret. 3s. re- mained, became. Queja, sf complaint. Queja, F. Quejar, ind. pres. 3s. complains. Que j an, F. Quejar, ind. pres. Sp. they complain. Quejar, inf. vr. to complain, to la- ment. Quejas, F. Quejar, ind. pres. 2s. thou complainest. Quejo, F. Quejar, ind. pres. Is. I complain. Quejo, F. Quejar, ind. pret. 3s. it, he, or she complained. Que ma, F. Quemar, ind. pres. 3s. it, he, or she burns. Quemaba, F. Quemar, ind. impf 1 or 3s. burnt. Quemar, inf. va. to burn, to waste, to parch. Quemar, inf. vn. to burn, to be very hot, to fret, to be impatient. Queramos, F. Querer, subj. pres. lp we may be willing. Quereis, F. Querer, ind. pres. 2p. ye, or you wish. Querer, inf. va. to wish, to be will- ing, to be fond of. 249 QUI QUf Queria, F. Querer, ind. impf. 1 or 3s. wished, was willing, did want, fond of. Querian, F. Querer, ind. impf. 3p. they were willing. Querias, F. Querer, ind. impf 2s. thou wert willing. Quen'do-a, sub. dear, darling, lover. Querido, a. dear, beloved. Querido. F. Querer, part, wished, desired, being willing. Queriendo, F. Querer, ger. desiring, wishing, loving. Querubin, sm, cherub (a celestial spirit, next in order to the sera- phim.) Queve'do, (Francisco de) sub. prop. m. Quevedo, one of the greatest Spanish prose and poetic writers, and one of the most extraordinary men the world has produced. Born in Madrid, in 1580; died 1645. Quiebra, sf failure, breaking. Quiebra, F. Quebrar, ind. pres. 3s. he breaks. Quien, pron. rel. that, who, which, whom. Quien, pron. indef. one, some, this. Quiera, F. Querer, subj. pres. 1 or 3s. may be willing. Qui e ran, F. Querer, subj. pres. 3p. may please, may be willing. Q.uieras, F. Querer, subj. pres. 2s. thou mayest be willing. Quiere, F. Querer, ind. pres. 3s. is willing ; quiere decir, it means. Quieien, F. Querer, ind. pres. Sp. are willing. Quieres, F. Querer, ind. pres. 2s. thou art willing, thou lovest. Quiero, F. Querer, ind. pres. Is. I wish, I am willing. Quieto-a, a. quiet, tranquil. Quietiid, sf. quietude, tranquillity, undisturbed ease. Quijote, sub. prop. m. Quixote, the name of the most celebrated Spanish novel ; a ridiculous and extravagant man. Quince, a. num. fifteen. Quintana, (Manuel Jose) sm. prop. Quintana, one of the most distin- guished Spanish poets and prose writers. Quisiera, F. Querer, subj. 1 impf 1 or 3s. should, would, (like.) Qui si e ran, F. Querer, subj. 1 impf 3p. would, might wish. Quisieron, F. Querer, ind. pret. 3p. would, wished. 'Quisiese, F. Querer, subj. 3 impf 1 or 3s. would, should. Quiso, F. Querer* ind. pret. 3s. he loved, wished, desired. Quita, F. Quitar, ind. pres. 3s. takes away. Quitado, F. Quitar, part, deprived, taken, away. Quitado-a, part. abs. having taken, having deprived of. Quitamos, F. Quitar, ind. pres.lp. take, took away. Qui tan, F. Quitar, ind. pres. 3p. take away. Quitar, inf. va. to take away, to de- prive of, to separate, to leave. Quitaron, F. Quitar, ind. pret. 3p. took away. Qui tas, F. Quitar, ind. pres. 2s. thou takest away. Quitase, F. Quitar, subj. impf. 3s. should take away. Quito, F. Quitar, ind. pres. Is. I take away. Quito, F. Quitar, ind. pret. 3s. took away. Quiza, ad. probably, perhaps. 250 REA REC R Rabia, sf. rage ; madness ; fury. Rabioso-a, adj. furious, angry, wrathful. Racional, a. rational, humane, rea- sonable. Racionalidad, sf. reason, rationality, or conformity with reason. Radiante, a. radiant, refulgent, re- splendent. Ragaz, sm. bosom, centre, boy. Raiz, sf. root, origin, source. Rama, sf. branch, shoot, rack. Ramo, sm. germ, department, branch. Rapidamente, ad. rapidly, intrepidly . Raro-a, a. rare, curious, uncommon, eccentric. Rasgado-a, a. rent, open, torn. Rasgado, F. Rasgar, part, torn, broken to pieces. Rasgando, F. Rasgar, ger. tearing, rending. Rasgo, sm. act, trait, action, dash. Raso-a, a. plain, bare, open; pri- vate. Rastrero-a, a. creeping, cringing, mean, vile. Rastro, sm. track ; smell ; vestige, sledge. Rato, sm. while, a short time. Raudo, a. rapid, tremendous. Rayo, sm. thunderbolt, ray, beam. Razon, sf reason, right; tenia ra- zon, he was right. Razonado, F. Razonar, part, rea- soned, discoursed, talked, con- versed. Razonamiento, sm. speech, ha- rangue, argument, reasoning Real, a. royal, real, true, los reales, royal quarters. Realmente, ad. really, effectually, royally. Realzar, inf. va. to elevate, to heighten. Reanimar, inf. va. to reanimate, to cheer, to encourage. Reanimo, F. Reanimar, ind. pret 3s. encouraged. Rebelde, sm. rebel. Rebelde, a. stubborn, perverse, re- bellious, contumacious. Rebosando, F. Rebosar, ger. glow* ing, overflowing. Rebosar, inf. va. to glow, to over- flow, to abound. Rebentar, inf. vn. to burst, to break in pieces, to break loose. Rebento, F. Rebentar, ind. pret. 3s. burst. Rebutido, F. Rebutir, part, filled up, stuffed, overcharged. Recado, sm. message, errand, pre- sent, gift. Recalcamiento, sm. extravagance, over-fulness. Recama, F. Recamar, ind. pres. 3s adorns or graces. Recamado, part, embroidered, orna- mented, variegated. Recatado-a, part, adjec. cautious, guarded, prudent. Recelo, sm. suspicion, fear, dread, mistrust. Rechazar, inf. va. to repel, to drive, to discharge, to contradict. Rechazo, F. Rechazar ind. pret. 3s. repelled. Recibido, F. Recibir,part. received* accepted, imbibed, experienced. Recibio, F. Recibir, ind. pret. 3s. received. Recibir. inf. va. to receive, to ac- cept. Recien, ad. recently, newly, lately; a. recent, new. 251 REC REF Recientemente, ad. recently, late. Recinto, sm. precinct, district, cor- ner. Reciprocamente, ad. reciprocally, mutually. Reciproco-a, a. reciprocal, mutual. Reclinado-a. F. Reclinar, part, ad- jec. reclined, leaning upon. Reel u ta, sm. recruit, recruiting. Recobrar, inf. pres. va. to recover, to get back. Recojer, inf. va. to collect, to ga- ther, to receive. Recojia, F. Recojer, ind. impf. 1 or 3s. gathered. Recojido-a, part, adjec. collected, gathered ; secluded. Recompensa, sf. reward, recom- pense. Recompensar, inf. va. to recom- pense, to reward. Recompensaron, F. Recompensar, ind. pret. Sp. they rewarded. Recondito-a, a. recondite, secret, concealed. Reconoce, F. Reconocer, ind. pres. 3s. acknowledges. Reconoceis, F. Reconocer, ind. pres. 2p. acknowledge. Reconocen, F. Reconocer, ind. pres. Sp. acknowledge. Reconocer, inf. va. to recognize, to acknowledge, to examine. Reconoces, F. Reconocer, ind. pres. 2s. thou acknowledgest. Reconoci, F. Reconocer, ind. pret. Is. I acknowledged. Reconoci an, F. Reconocer, ind. impf Sp. they acknowledged. Reconocido-a, F. Reconocer, part, abs. grateful; acknowledged. Reconociendo, F. Reconocer, ger. acknowledging. Reconocio, F. Reconocer, md. pret. 3s. acknowledged. Recordar, inf. pres. va. to remind, to put in mind. Recorrer, inf. va. to examine, to re- connoitre, to ravage. Recreado, F. Recrear, pari, amused, delighted, gratified, diverted. Recrear, inf. va. to amuse, to de- light, to gratify. Recreas, F. Recrear, ind. pres. 2s. thou amusest. Rectitud, sf. rectitude, uprightness. Recto-a, a. right, straight, just. Recuerdan, F. Recordar, ind. pres, Sp. remind. Recuestro, sm. declivity. Recurso, sm. recourse, appeal, re- source, means. Red, sf. net, grate, snare. Rededor, sm. environs ; al redeaor de, around. Redentor, sub. prop. m. the Re- deemer ; sm. redeemer. Redil, sm. sheep-fold, cover. Redimi, F. Redimir, ind. pret. Is. I redeemed. Redimir, inf. va. to redeem, to res- cue, to succour, to relieve. Redobla, F. Redoblar, ind. pres. 2s redoubles. Redoblar, inf. va. to redouble, to clinch, to rivet. Redondo-a, a. round. Reduce, F. Reducir, ind. pres. 3s. reduces. Reducia, F. Reducir, ind. impf. 1 or 3s. reduced. Reducido-a, part, adjec. reduced, converted. Reducir, inf. va. to reduce, to les- sen, to persuade. Redujo, F. Reducir, ind. pret. 3s reduced. Referir, inf. va. to relate, to say, tc report. Refiere, F. Referir, ind. pres. 3s relates. 262 KEG REM Refiriendo, F. Referir, ger. refer- ing, relating, narrating. Reflecsion, sf. reflection, considera- tion, meditation. Reflecsionar, inf. va. to reflect, to think, to meditate. Reflecsion ase, F. Reflecsionar, subj. imp/. 3s. should reflect. Refiejado-a, part, reflected (as the rays of light.) Reflejo, sm. light reflected. Reforma, sf. reform, reformation, amendment. Reformado-a, part, adjec. reformed Refrena, F. Refrenar, ind. pres. 3s. curbs, checks. Refrenar, inf. va. to curb, to check, to refrain, to contain. Refresco, sm. refreshment. Refujiaron, F. Refujiar, ind. pret. Sp. they took refuge. Refujio, sm. refuge, general asylum, protection. Llegado-a, a. watered, irrigated, sprinkled. Regalado-a, a. pleasant, delicate, delicious ; presented. Regalar, inf. va. to present, to re- fresh, to entertain, to caress. Regalo, F. Regalar, ind. pret. 3s. presented. Regalo, sm. present, comfort, plea- sure, dainty, repose. Regar, inf. pres. va. to water, to be- dew, to sprinkle, to irrigate. Regla, sf rule, regulation, ruler. Regla, F. Reglar, ind. pres. 3s. he rules. Regla, F. Reglar, imp. pres. 2s. re- gulate thou. Reglar, inf. va. to regulate, to rule, to direct, to reform. Regocijan, F. Regocijar, ind. pres. Sp. they rejoice. Regocijo, sm. joy, pleasure, delight, rejoicing. 22 Rehusar, inf. va. to refuse, to de- cline, not to accept. Rehusar e, F. Rehusar, ind. fut. Is. I shall refuse. Rei, sm. king ; reina, sf. queen. Reinan, F. Reinar, ind. pres. Sp. reign, prevail, pervade. Reinar, inf. va. to reign, to prevail, to govern, to command. Reino, sm. kingdom. Reir, inf. vn. to laugh, to smile, to sneer, to scoii. Reja, sf. grate, ploughshare. Rejion, sf. region, clime. Relacion, sf. relation, narration, ac- count. Relampaguean, F. Relampaguear, ind. pres. Sp. they flash. Relampaguear, inf. vn. to flash, to lighten, to sparkle. Relatar, inf. va. to relate, to nar- rate, to report, to say. Relijion, sf religion, piety, wor- ship. Relijioso-a, a. religious; s. chap- lain, monk, clergyman ; sf nun. Reliquia, sf. relic, remains, ves- tage. Remate, sm. conclusion, the highest bidding, vignette. Remedio, sm. remedy, reparation, resource, medicine. Remendar, inf. va. to repair, to mend, to correct. Remiendo, sm. repair, amending. Remiendo, F. Remendar, ind. pres. Is. I mend, repair. Remitir, inf. va. to send, to remit, to transmit, to refer. Remordimiento, sm. remorse, pain of guilt. Remozar, inf. pres. va. to render younger; remozarse, vr. to be- come younger. Remozarian, subj. 2 impfl Sp. would become younger. 253 REP RES Remozaron, ind. pret. Sp. became younger. Rencor, sm. rancour, animosity. Rendia, ind. impf. 3s. yielded, sur- rendered. Rendimiento, sm. submission, hu- miliation, delivery. Rendir, inf. pres. va. to yield, to surrender, to subject, to subdue. Rendir, inf. vr. to yield, to surren- der, to be fatigued. Renglon, sm. line. Renombre, sm. title, surname, re- nown, glory, fame. Renovo, F. Renovar, ind. pret. 3s. renewed. Renta, sf revenue, rent. Reo, sm, culprit, culpable, prisoner. Reojo, sm. a look askance; double- eye. Repara, F. Reparar, imp. 2s. ob- serve. Reparte, F. Repartir, ind. pres. 3s. divides. Repartir, inf. pres. va. to divide, to distribute, to assess taxes. Repasan, F. Repasar, ind. pres. Sp. they look over. Repasar, inf. va. to re-examine, to revise. Repetido-a, a. repeated, reiterated. Repentino-a, a. sudden, subita- neous, unexpected. Repite, F. Repetir, ind. pres. 3s. re- peats. Repetir, inf. va. to repeat, to say over, to reiterate. Replica, sf. answer, reply, repartee. Replicar, inf. vn. to reply, to an- swer, to contradict. Replico, F. Replicar, ind. pret. 3s. replied, answered. Reposado-a, a. tranquil, peaceful, quiet. Reposado, F. Reposar, part, reposed, rested, settled. Reposamos, F. Reposar, ind. pres. \p. we repose. Reposamos, F. Reposar, ind. pret. \p. we reposed. Reposar, inf. vn. to repose, to rest. Reposar i a, F. Reposar, subj. 2 impf. 1 or 3s. should, would repose. Reposen, F. Reposar, subj. pres. Bp. may repose. Reposo, sm. repose, rest, tranquillity. Reprehende, F. Reprehender, ind. pres. 3s. reprehends. Reprehenden, F. Reprehender, ind. pres. Sp. reprehend. Reprehender, inf. va. to reprimand, to reproach, to censure. Reprehensible, a. reprehensible, censurable. Representa, F. Representar, ind. pres. 3s. represents. Representaba, F. Representar, ind. impf 1 or 3s. represented. Representar, inf. va. to represent, to set forth, to play (on the stage.) Represento, F. Representar, ind. pret. 3s. represented. Represento, F. Representar, ind. pres. Is. I represent. Reprimido-a, F. Reprimir, part. repressed, refrained, contained. Reprimiendo, F. Reprimir, ger. re- pressing, burying. Republica, sf. republic, common- wealth. Repugnar, inf. va. to dislike, to be repugnant. Repugne, F. Repugnar, subj. pres. 3s. may object, dislike. Reponer, inf. pres. va. to reply; to replace, to collocate. Repuso, F. Reponer, ind. pret. Ss replied, placed. Reputacion, sf. reputation, fame, character, credit. Resbaladero, sm. a slippery place, enticement. 254 RES RET Resbaladizo-a, a. slippery. Rescatar, inf. pres. va. to ransom. Reseco-a, a. dry, lean, emaciated. Resentir, inf. pres. vr. to resent, to , express displeasure, to give way, to fail; to feel, to commiserate, to pity. Resienten, F. Resentir, ind. pres. Sp. they pity. Resiste, F. Resistir, ind. pres. 3s. it, he, or she resists. Resiste ncia, sf resistence, opposi- tion, defence. Resistir, inf. vn. to oppose, to resist, to contradict, to tolerate. Resolver, inf. va. to determine, to resolve ; dissolve. Resolvian, F. Resolver, ind. impf. Bp. resolved, did resolve. Resolvio, F. Resolver, ind.pret. 3s. it, he, or she resolved. Resonaba, F. Resonar, ind. impf 1 or 3s. resounded, did resound. Resonar, inf. pres. vn. to resound, to re-echo, to rebound. Resorte, sm. spring ; means, cause, medium. Respecti vo-a, a. respective, relative. Respecto, sm. respect, relation, con- sideration ; ad. relative. Respetable, a. respectable, honour- able, worthy of consideration. Respeto, sm. respect, regard, vene- ration, attention. Respiraba, F. Respirar, ind. impf. 1 or 3s. breathed. Respirar, inf. vn. to breathe, to rest, to animate. Resplandecen, F. Resplandecer, ind. pres. Sp. shine. Resplandecer, inf. vn. to shine, to glitter, to be brilliant. Resplandicieron, F. Resplandecer, ind.pret. Sp. shone, did shine. Resplandor, sm. splendour, brillian- cy, brightness. Responde, F. Responder, ind. pres. 3s. answers. Responden, F. Responder, ind. pres. Sp. answer. Responder, inf. va. to answer, to reply, to acknowledge. Responderan, F. Responder, ind fat. Sp. will, shall answer. Respondia, F. Responder, ind. imp. 1 or 3s. answered, did answer. Respondieron, F. Responder, ind. pret. Sp. answered, did answer. Respondio, F. Responder, ind.pret 3s. replied. Respondisteis, F. Respona\r, ind. pret. 2p. you answered. Respuesta, sf. answer, reply. Restaba, F. Resiar, ind. impf. Ss. remained, was left. Restante, part. pres. remainder, residue. Restar, inf. vn. and va. to remain, to be left, to subtract. Resto, sub. collec. the rest, remain- ing part. Resulta, sf. effect, result, vacancy. Resultar, inf. vn. to result, to follow, to remain. Resultara, F. Resultar, ind. fat. 3s. will follow, result. Resulto, F. Resultar, ind. pret. 3s. arose, resulted. Retardar, inf. va. to retard, to de- lay, to postpone, to defer. Retira, F. Reiirar, ind. pres. 3s. it, he, or she retires. Retiraba, F. Retirar, ind. impf. lor 3s. retired, did withdraw. Retirado, part . withdrawn, retired , a. secluded. Retiran, F. Retirar, ind. pres. Sp. they retire. Retirar, inf. va. to retire, to with- draw, to decline, to retreat. Re tiro, F. Retirar, ind. pret. 3*. withdrew, retired. 255 RIG ROD Retiro, F Retirar, ind. pres. Is. I retire ; s. retirement, asylum. Retorcer, inf. va. to twist; to turn Retorciendo, F. Torcer, ger. twist- ing, turning. Retostado, F. Retostar, part, toast- ed, baked. Retrato, sm. portrait, copy, imita- tion, likeness. Reuniendo, F. Reunir, ger. uniting, collecting. Reunir, inf. va. to join, to unite, to collect together. Revelacion, sf revelation. Reverencia, sf. respect, veneration, reverence. Reverenciar, inf. va. to venerate, to reverence, to respect. Reverencie, F. Reverenciar, ind. pret. Is. I reverenced. Reves, sm. back part, reverse; al reves, in a manner contrary to, on the wrong side. Revestido-a, a. invested with, ex- cited or elated by. Revestido, F. Rev estir, part, dressed, repaired, swayed. Revolucion, sf. revolution, change, sedition, commotion. Revolver, inf. va. to turn, to re- volve, to excite commotions. Revuelven, F. Revolver, ind. pres. Sp. they revolve. Ribera, sf. bank, sea-shore. Rico-a, a. rich, wealthy. Ridiculo-a, a. ridiculous, contemp- tible, strange, despicable. Rie, F. Reir, ind. pres. 3s. laughs. Riegan, F. Regar, ind. pres. 3p. they water. Riegas, F. Regar, ind. pres. 2s. thou waterest. Rienda, sf. rein, curb, bridle. Riesgo, sm. danger, risk, hazard. Rigor, sm. severity, rigour. Riguroso-a, a. severe, rigorous, strict, exact Rijido-a, a. rigid, stern, inflexible. Rincon, sm. corner, retirement. Rio, sm. river. Rio, F. Reir, ind. pres. 3s. laughed at. Rinde, F. Rendir, ind. pres. 3s. yields, submits. Rinden, F. Rendir, ind. pres. Bp. they yield. Riqueza, sf. riches, wealth, fertility, embellishments. Riquisimo-a, a. super, most or very rich, wealthy, excellent. Risa, sf. laughter, pleasing emotion. Risibilidad, sf. risibility, laughter. Risible, a. risible, laughable. Risueno-a, a. smiling, pleasing, agreeable. Rito, sm. rite, tenet, worship. Riza, sf. desolation, ravage, havoc. Roba, F. Robar, ind. pres. 3s. steals, robs. Rob db an, F. Robar, ind. impf. 3p. stole, did rob. Robado, F. Robar, part, robbed, plundered, stolen, swept away. Roban, F. Robar, ind. pres. 3p. steal. Robo, sm. robbery, theft. Robusto-a, a. strong, robust, vigor- ous. Rocinante, sub. prop. m. Rocinante, a name given to Don Quixote's horse, the name of the hero of a novel by Cervantes, a miserable clown. Rocio, sm. dew ; divine inspiration. Rode a, F. Rodear, ind. pres. 3s. surrounds, encircles. Rodeaban, F. Rodear, ind. impf. 3s. they turned. Rodeado-a, F. Rodear, part, adjec. surrounded, encircled. 256 HOP RuS Rodean, F. Rodear, ind. pres. 3p. they turn, surround, encircle. Rodear, inf. va. to encircle, sur- round, to run about. Rodela, sf shield, buckler, target. Rodeo, sm. turning, winding. Rodilla, sf. knee ; de rodillas, kneel- ing on one's knees. Rogado, part, implored, entreated, prayed for. Rogando, F. Rogar, ger. praying, asking, begging. Rogar, inf. va. to pray, to beseech, to implore, to entreat. Rogo, F. Rogar, ind. pres. 3s. im- plored. Rojerio, sub. prop. m. Roger, a man's name. R6jo-a, a. red, ruby. Roma, sub. prop.f Rome, a famous city in Italy ; in ancient times the capital of the Roman em- pire. Romano-a, a. Roman. Romero, sm. rosemary. Romper, inf. va. to break, to trans- gress, to interrupt. Romp i an, F. Romper, ind. impf. Sp. broke, did break. Rompio, F. Romper, ind. pret. 3s broke, did break. Rompo, F. Romper, ind. pres. Is. I break. Ronda, sub. prop. f. Ronda, a very romantic town of Spain, near Gibraltar, and belonging to the kingdom of Granada. Rondante, a. wandering, travelling, walking. Ropa, sf. clothes. Ropilla, S77i. coarse, or tattered clothes. |Rosada, sf. frost, freezing weather, or frozen objects. Rosal, sm. rose bush, a number of rose bushes. Rosicler, sm. rose colour, silver ore. Rostro, sm. countenance, face. Roto, F. Romper, part, broken. R6to-a, part. abs. being broken, ended. Rubicundo-a, a. reddish, rubicund. Rubio-a, a. red, reddish, ruby. Rubricado-a, part, adjec. ratified (by having a flourish annexed,) subscribed. Rudeza, sf. roughness, asperity, stupidity, dulness. Riido-a, a. rude, vulgar, barbarous Rue da, sf. w T heel, roller. Rue do, sm. rotation, circuit. Ruega, F. Rogar, ind. pres. 3s. en treats. Ruegan, F. Rogar, ind. pres. Bp. en treat. Ruego, sm. a prayer, petition, re- quest. Rufiano-a, sub. pander. Ruido, sm. noise, dispute. Ruina, sf. ruin, ashes; destruction. Ruindad, sf. meanness, baseness, poverty, avariciousness. Ruisenor, sm. nightingale. Rujido, sm. bellowing, roaring. Rumbo, sm. course, point, way. Rumor, sm. noise, rumour, whis- pering. Rusiano, (more commonly Ruso,) sm. Russian, a native of Russia. Rusticidad, sf. rusticity, simplicity, asperity, rudeness. Rustico-a, a. rustic, clownish. Rustico-a, sub. clown, peasant, a rustic person. 22* 257 SAC SAL Saavedra Fajardo, (Diego) sub. prop. m. Saavedra Fajardo, a very distinguished politician and moral writer. His terse, polished, and finished style is highly praised. Born 1584, in Aljezares, Murcia; died 1648. Sabe, or Sabete, F. Saber, imp pres. 2s. know. Sabe, F. Saber, ind. pres. Ss. knows, knows how. Saben, F. Saber, ind. pres. Sp. they know. Saber, inf. pres. va. to know, to be learned. Saber, sm. knowledge, erudition learning. Sabes, F. Saber, ind. pres. 2s. thou knowest. Sabia, F. Saber, ind. impf. 1 or 3s. I, it, he, or she knew. Sabian, F. Saber, ind. impf. Sp. they knew. Sabido, part, substan. m. a learned or scientific man. Sabido-a, F. Saber, part, known, learned, acquired, heard. Sabidor-a, a. acquainted with. Sabiduria, sf wisdom, knowledge, prudence ; learning. Sabiendo, F. Saber, ger. knowing. Sabio-a, a. erudite, learned; wise. Sabroso-a, a. savoury, pleasing, pa- latable. Sacado, F. Sacar, part, drawn, taken oft, extracted. Sacando, F. Sacar, ger. drawing, plucking up. Sacar, inf. va. to take off, to draw, to extract. Sacara, F. Sacar, ind. fut. Ss. will, shall draw. Sacasen, F. Sacar, subj. 3 impf. Sp. they should draw. Sacerdote, sm. clergyman, priest. Saco, F« Sacar, ind. pret. Ss. took out, drew, drew out. Sacrificado, F. Sacrificar, part, sa- crificed, tortured, exposed, de- voted. Sacrificaron, F. Sacrificar, ind. pret. 3p. immolated, sacrificed. Sacrificio, sm. compliance, sacri- fice. Sagacidad, sf. sagacity, acuteness, quickness of apprehension. Sagrado-a, a. sacred, consecrated ; execrable. Sagunto, s. prop. Saguntum, now called Murviedro, renowned for the matchless defence of the inha- bitants against the Carthaginians. Sal, sf salt ; grace, elegance, wit. Salado-a, a. salted, cured ; witty. Salamanca, sub. prop, f Salamanca, a city of Spain, renowned for its university. Salario, sm. salary, wages. Saldra, F. Salir, ind. fut. Ss. will, shall go out. Sale, F. Salir, ind. pres. Ss. goes out. Salen, F. Salir, ind. pres. Sp. go out. Saiga, F. Salir, imp. pres. Ss. let go out. Salgan, F. Salir, subj. pres. Sp. may go out. Sali, F. Salir, ind. pret. Ss. went out. Sali a, F. Salir, ind. impf. 1 or 3s. went out. Sali an, F. Salir, ind. impf Sp. went out. Salias, F. Salir, ind. impf. 2s. thou wentest out. 258 SlL SAZ SaKda, sf. sally, the act of going out. Sali do, F< Salir, part, gone out, issued, published. Salieron, F. Salir, ind. pret. 3p. they went out. Saliese, F. Salir, subj. impf. 1 or 3s might come out, appear. Salio, F. Salir, ind. pret. 3s. went out. Salir, inf. vn. to go out, to depart, to appear, to extricate one's self. Salis, F. Salir, ind. pres. 2p. ye go out. Saltan, F. Saltar, ind. pres. Sp. they jump. Saltar, inf. vn. to leap, to jump, to burst, to be obvious. Salteador, sm. highwayman, robber. Salud, sf. health, safety, good. Saludaba, F. Saludar, ind. impf 1 or 3s. saluted. Saludable, a. wholesome, healthful, salutary, healthy. Saludado, F. Saludar, part, saluted, greeted, fired a salute. Saludan, F. Saludar, ind. pres. Sp. they salute. Saludar, inf. va. to salute, to greet, to express content. Salustio, sub. prop. m. Sallust, an eminent Roman historian. Salva, F. Salvar, ind. pres. 3s. saves. Salvado, sm. bran, (the husk of wheat ground.) Salva'n, F. Salvar, ind. pres. Sp. they save. Salvar, inf. pres. va. to free from danger, to remove, to save, to spare. Salvar, inf. vr. to escape from dan- ger, to get over difficulties. Salvaremos, F. Salvar, ind. fat. \p. we shall or will be saved. Salve, sf. the Salve Regina; inter. hail! Salvo, co7)j. and a. safe, except ; s. safety. Salvo (en,) ad. in safety; conj. ex- cept, save. Samaria, sub. prop, f Samaria, a city and country in Palestine, fa- mous in sacred history. Samaritano-a, a. Samaritan, rela- ting to Samaria. Sancho, sub. prop. m. Sancho, the second character in the novel written by Cervantes, called Don Quixote, or Quijote. Sangre, sf. blood, family. Sangriento, a. bloody, sanguinary. Santidad, sf sanctity, holiness. Santisimo-a, a. super, most holy, most sanctified. Santo-a, a. holy, sacred, grateful ; s. a saint. Sana, sf. wrath, anger, passion. Saque, F. Sacar, imp. pres. 3s. let it, him, or her take off. Saque, F. Sacar, subj. pres. 1 or 3s may take off. Saquen, F. Sacar, subj. pres. Sp they may take off. Sastre, sm. tailor. Satirico-a, a. satirical, censorious, full of invectives. Satisfaccion, sf. gratification ; satis faction ; recompense. Satisface, F. Satisfacer, ind. pres. 3s. satisfies, gratifies. Satisfacer, inf. va. to satisfy, to gratify, to pay. Satisfagan, F. Satisfacer, subj. pres, Sp. they may satisfy. Satisfecho, a. satisfied, expiated; content ; self-conceited. Satisfizo, F. Satisfacer, ind. pret. 3s. satisfied. Sauce, sm. willow (a tree.) Sazon, sf maturity, taste, opportu- nity, season. 259 SEG SEN Sazona, F. Sazonar, ind. pres. 3s. seasons. Sazonado-a, a. ripe, seasoned, time- ly, convenient. Sazonar, inf. va. to season, to bring to maturity ; vn. to ripen. Se, pron. per. ref.ec. o. itself, him- self, herself, themselves ; each other. Se, pron. per. o. to, in, frcm, with, on, it, him, her, them, you. Se, F. Saber, ind. pres. Is. I know. Sc, F. Ser, imp. pres. 2s. be thou. Sea, F. Ser, subj. pres. Is. may be, be, is. Seais, F. Ser, subj. pres. 2p. ye or you may be. Sean, F. Ser, subj. pres. Sp. may be. Seas, F. Ser, subj. pres. 2s. thou mayest be. Sebastian, sub. prop. m. Sebastian (a man's name.) Secado, F. Secar, part, dried, de- cayed. Secado, part, adjec. dry, lean, cool, repugnant. Seco-a, a. dry, barren, on land. Secretario, sm. secretary, clerk, confident. Secreto-a, sm. secret, caution. Secreto-a, a. concealed, secret, hid- den. Sectario, sm. sectarian, sectary, worshipper. Sed, sf. thirst, desire. Seda, sf. silk. Segliido, F. Seguir, part, followed. Seguir, inf. va. to follow, to prose- cute, to conform to. Segun, prep, according to, as. Segundo-a, a. num. second, favour- able. Seguramente, ad. surely, certainly, without doubt. Seguro-a, sm. secure, sure, certain, constant. Seguido-a, a. continued, followed, direct. Seis, a. num. six. Selecto-a, a. select, chosen. Selva, sf. forest, thicket. Sellado-a, a. sealed, stamped, mark- ed. Sera ana, sf. week. Semblante, sm. face, countenance, appearance. Sembrado, sm. ground, corn-field. Sembrado, F. Sembrar, part, sown, planted. Sembrando, F. Sembrar, ger. sow- ing. Semejable, a. like, similar, resem- bling. Semejan, F. Semejar, ind. pres. Sp. resemble. Semejante, sm. fellow-being; a. such, as, like. Semejanza, sf. similitude, resem- blance, likeness. Semejar, inf. vn. to resemble, to be like, to liken. Sencillamente, ad. plainly, inge- nuously, neatly. Sencillo-a, a. simple, natural, slen- der, silly, neat. Senda, sf. path, way. Seneca, sub. prop. m. Seneca, an ancient philosopher. Seno, sm. bosom, centre. Sensacion, sf sensation, feeling, sentiment. Sensibilidad, sf. sensibility, quick- ness of perception. Sensible, a. sensible, painful, easily affected. Sentado, F. Sentar, part, adjec. seated, established. Sentar, inf. va. to fix, to establish, to set up to enter, to lay down, to agree with. Sentar, (se) inf. vr. to sit down, to take a chair, a seat. 260 SEN SER Sentencia, sf. sentence, judgment, condemnation. Sentenciado-a, a. sentenced, con- demned, doomed. Sentenciosamente, ad. sententious- ly, concisely. Sentia, F. Sentir, ind. impf. 1 or 3s. felt. Sentido, sm. sense, reason, signifi- cation, import; part, resented. Sentimiento, sm. sentiment, feeling, perception; grief, resentment. Sentir, inf. va. to feel, to perceive, to be sorry for, to grudge. Sentirse de, inf. vr. to resent, to be moved by, to be angry for. Sentir a, F. Sentir, ind. fut. 3s. will feel. Sentir an, F. Sentir, ind. fut. Sp. will feel. Sento, F. Sentarse, ind. pret. 3s. sat down. Sena, sf sign, mark, watchword. Senal, sm. sign, landmark, symp- tom, seat. Senalado-a, a. signalized, famous. Senalado-a, F. Senalar, part, mark- ed, stamped, determined, indica- ted. Senalan, (se) F. Senalar, ind. pres. Sp. they assign; equalize them- selves ; point out. Senalar, inf. va. to stamp, to point out, to mark, to demonstrate. Senalaron, F. Senalar, ind. pret. Sp. they appointed. Senalas, F. Senalar, ind. pres. 2s. thou assignest. Senalase, F. Senalar, subj. S impf. 1 or 3s. should point out. Senalaste, F. Senalar, ind. pret. 2s. thou didst assign or appoint. Senor, sm. Lord, gentleman, master, sir; Mr. or master. Senora, sf. lady, madam; Mrs. or mistress. Senoreaban, F. Senor ear, ind. impf 1 or 3s. commanded, governed. Senoreando, F. Senor ear, ger. com- manding, ruling:. Senorear, inf. pres. va. to overlook, to rule, to govern, to command. Senorio, sm. dominion, command, arrogance, self-control. Senor ita, sf. a young lady, dim. of Senora. Senorito, sm. a young gentleman, dim. of Senor. Sepan, F. Saber, subj. pres. Sp. may know. Separa, F. Separar, ind. pres. 3s. separates. Separaba, F. Separar, ind. impf 3s. separated. Separan, F. Separar, ind. pres. Sp. separate. Separar, inf. pres. va. to separate, to divide, to part, to dissect, to withdraw. Separas, F. Separar, ind. pres. 2s. thou dividest. Septuajenario-a, a. and sub. seventy years of age. Sepulcro, sm. sepulchre, tomb. Sepultado-a, F. Sepultar, part, bu- ried. Sepultarse, v. pas. to be buried. Sepultura, sf. sepulchre, tomb, grave. Ser, ind. vn. to be, to exist, to be- long to, to occur. Ser, sm. being, existence. Sera, F. Ser, ind. fut. 3s. shall or will be. Serafin, sm. seraph, angel, extreme beauty. Seran, F. Ser, ind. fut. Sp. they shall or will be. Seras, F. Ser, ind. fut. 2s. thou shalt or wilt be. Sere, F. Ser, ind. fut. Is. I shall or will be. 261 SEV SIL Seremos, F. Ser, ind. fat. \p. we shall be. Serenidad, sf. serenity, presence of mind, coolness. Serena, inf. pres. 3s. becalms, cheers up, pacifies. Sereno, sm. evening dew; watch- man. Sereno-a, a. serene, calm, quiet. Sena, F. Ser, subj. 1 impf. 1 or 3s. would or should be. Serf an, F. Ser, subj. 1 impf. Sp. they would be. Serie, sf. series, chain, succession Seriedad, sf. gravity, sternness of aspect. Serio-a, a. serious, grand, undue. Sermon, sm. sermon, censure, lec- ture. Servia, F. Servir, ind. impf. 1 or 3s served. Servian, F. Servir, ind. impf Sp served Servicio, sm. service, favour, utility, benefit. Servido-a, part, served; pleased; kind enough to. Servidor, sm. servant. Servidumbre, sf. servitude, slavery, bondage; servants. Servir, inf. vn. to serve; to suit; to tend. Servir, inf. va. to serve, to do a fa- vour, to occupy a station. Servir, inf. vr. to be pleased, to deign, to vouchsafe. Serviran, F. Servir, ind. fut. Sp. will serve. Sesenta, a. num. sixty. Severidad, sf. severity, rigour, aus- terity, punctuality. Severisimo-a, a. super, most or very severe, rigorous. Severo-a, a. severe, rigorous, grave, punctual. Sevilla, sfprop. Seville, a renowned city of Spain. Si, pron. per. o. itself, himself, her- self, themselves, each other. Si, conj. if, though ; whether ; si bien, although. Si, ad. yes, yea, truly, in reality, without doubt. Sicilia, sub. prop, f Sicily, an island in the Mediterranean. Sicsto IV. sm. prop. Sixtus IV. a Pope who sat on the Pontifical Chair from 1474 to 1484. He was remarkable for nothing great. His name was Francis de Albes- cola. Sido, F. Ser, part. been. Siempre, ad. always, ever. Sien, sf. temple (part of the head.) Siendo, F. Ser, ger. being. Sienta, F. Sentir, subj. pres. 1 or 3s. may feel. Sientan, F. Sentir, subj. pres. Sp. may feel. Siente, F. Sentir, ind. pres. 3s. feels. Siente, F. Sentar, subj. 3s. it, he or she may or will become. Sienten, F. Sentir, ind. pres. Sp. feel. Sientes, F. Sentir, ind. pres. 2s. thou dost feel or perceive. Siete, a. num. seven. Siglo, sm. age, century; a long time. Signiffca, F. Significar, ind. pres. 3s. signifies. Significar, inf. va. to signify, to de- clare, to be worth, to mean. Sigue, F. Seguir, ind. pres. 3s. fol- lows. Siguiendo, F. Seguir, ger. follow- ing, prosecuting. Siguiente, a. following, successive. Sijilo, sm. inviolable secrecy. Silbaba, F. Silbar, ind. impf. Ss hissed. Silbar, inf. vn. to whistle, to whiz, to roar ; va. to hiss. 262 six SOB Silencio, sm. silence, taciturnity, se- crecy, reservedness. Silvestre, a. wild, uncultivated, savage. Silla, sf. a chair, seat ; silla volante, gig- Sima, sf. gulf, deep cavern, gap. Simple, a. simple, pure, plain. Simplicidad, sf simplicity, plain- ness. Simplicisimo-a, a. super, most or very simple, foolish, brief. Sin, prep, without ; sin par, match- less. Sinceramente, adv. sincerely, really. Sinceridad, sf sincerity, candour, frankness, purity of mind. Sincero-a, a. sincere, ingenuous honest. Sincon, sub. prop. m. Chincon, a town in Spain. Singular, a. singular, extraordinary, individual. Siniestro-a, a. left, vicious, unlucky ; s. left-hand. Sino, prep, but, except, only ; unless. Sintio, F. Sentir, ind. pret. 3s. he felt. Siquem, sub. prop. m. Sichem, a city that stood on Mount Ephraim, near Jerusalem. Siquiera, conj. even, though, at least. Sirena, sf. syren, a fabulous monster of the sea. Sirva, F. Servir, subj. pres. may serve, he instrumental in. Sirven, F. Servir, ind. pres. Bp. suit, serve, are used. Sirviendo, F. Servir, ger. serving. Sirviese, F. Servir, subj. imp. 3s. should tend. Sirvio, F. Servir, ind. pret. 3s. served. Sitiado-a, adj. and sub. beseiged. Sitio, sm. place, site, spot ; situation. Situacion, sf situation, state, site, assignation. So, prep, under, beneath. Soberano, sm. the sovereign, the king. Soberano-a, a. sovereign, delightful, excellent. Soberbiamente, ad. proudly, arro- gantly, vainly. Soberbio-a, a. proud, haughty, arro- gant ; soberbia, sf haughtiness. Soborno, sm. subornation, bribe, in- ducement. Sobra, ind. pres. 3s. there is, pos- sesses in excess. Sobraba, F. Sobrar, ind. impf. 3s. had in excess. Sobran, F. Sobrar, ind. pres. 3p. can spare. Sobrar, inf. va. to surpass, to ex- ceed. Sobrar, inf. pres. vn. to have more than is necessary, to be more than enough, to be able to spare. Sobre, prep, on, upon, over; be- sides, independently of. Sobrecejo, sm. frown, supercilious aspect. Sobrellevaban, F. Sobrellevar, ind. impf 3p. bore, did bear. Sobrepujan, ind. pres. 3p. they ex- ceed, surpass, excel. Sobrepujasen, F. Sobrepujar, subj. 3 impf. 3p. they should excel. Sobrepujemos, F. Sobrepujar, subj. pres. \p. we may excel, or let us excel, or be superior to. Sobresaltan, F. Sobresaltar, ind. pres. 3p. they frighten or surprise Sobresaltar, inf. va. to surprise, to frighten ; vn. to be startled at, to be astonished. Sobrevenir, inf. vn. to happen, to fall out, to come to pass. Sobre viene, F. Sobrevenir, ind. pres 3s. happens to come. 263 SOL SOR Sobriedad, sf. sobriety, regularity, abstemiousness. Sociedad, sf. society, friendship, union. Socorred, F. Socorrer, imp. pres. 2p. succour ye or you. Socorrer, ind. pres. va. to succour, to aid, to administer relief. Socorri, F. Socorrer, ind. pret. 3s. I succoured, or aided. Socorro, sm. succour, aid, salary. Sofoque, F. Sofocar, ind. pret. Is. 1 was excited or suffocated. Soi, F. Ser, ind. pres. Is. I am. Sois, F. Ser, ind. pres. 2p. ye or you are. Sojuzgar, inf. va. to subjugate, to subdue, to conquer. Sol, sub. prop, and sub. sun. Solamente, ad. only, alone, solely. Soldado, sm. soldier, private. Soledad, sf. solitude, desert, conso- lation. Solemnidad, sf. solemnity, pomp, magnificence, formality. Solemnisimo-a, a. super, most or very solemn, complete. Soler, inf. pres. vn. to be in the ha- bit, to be wont, to be in the cus- tom. Solia, F. Soler, ind. impf. 3s. was in the habit. Solian, F. Soler, ind. impf Sp. were wont. Solicita, F. Solicitar, ind. pres. 3s. solicits. Solicitaban, F. Solicitar, ind. impf Sp. solicited. Solicitar, inf. va. to desire, to soli- cit, to importune, to entreat. Solicito-a, a. solicitous, anxious, desirous, careful. Solio, sm. throne. Solis, (Antonio de) sub. prop. m. Solis, the celebrated Spanish his- torian of the conquest of Mexico, and one of our distinguished dra- matic writers. His prose style will not sutler from a comparison with that of any ancient or mod- ern writer. Perhaps he is the greatest model, in that respect, all things considered, that Spain has produced. Born in Alcala de Henares in 1610; died 1686. Solo, ad. only, alone ; bereft ; a so- las, alone. Soltais, ind. pres. 2p. you let go, drop. Soltar, inf. va. to let loose, to set at liberty ; to shed. Soltura, sf. dexterity, nimbleness, activity. Soma, sm. Soma, a Greek, eminent for his generosity. Sombra, sf. shade; shelter; appear- ance. Sombrero, sm. hat, cap. Sombrio-a, a. cloudy, dark, shady. Soinete, F. Someter, ind. pres. 3s. submits. Somos, F. Ser, ind. pres. \p. we are. Son, sm. sound. Son, F. Ser, ind. pres. Sp. are, there are. Soneto, sm. sonnet, a poetical com- position. Sonoro-a, a. sonorous, agreeable, harmonious. Sonrisa, sf. smile. Sonrojen, subj. pres. 3s. may be af- fronted. Sordo, sm. deaf, silent person. Sordo, a. deaf, silent, callous. Sorprende, F. Sorprender, ind. pres. 3s. surprises. Sorprender, inf. va. to surprise, to deceive, to astonish. Sorprendido-a, F. Sorprender, part. surprised. Sorprendieron, F. Sorprender, ind. pret. Sp. surprised. 264 SUB SUJ Sosegadamente, ad. quietly, calmly Sose^ado-a, a. peaceful, quiet, tran- quil ; being quelled, appeased. Sosiego, sm. tranquillity, calmness repose. Soslayo, sm. cross look. Soslayo, ad. obliquely. Sostener, inf. pres. va. to maintain, to support, to sustain, to feed. Sostiene, F. Sostener, hid. pres. 3s supports. Stockolmo, sm. prop. Stockholm, the principal city of Sweden. Su, pron. pos. n. or o. its, her, his, their, your. Suavidad, sf. suavity, softness, deli- cacy. Sube, F. Subir, ind. pres. 3s. as- cends. Suben. F. Subir, ind. pres. Sp. as- cend. Subia, F. Subir, ind. imp/. 1 or 3s ascended. Sub i an, F. Subir, ind. impf. Sp. ran up, ascended. Subido, F. Subir, part, ascended, walked up. Subido-a, a. finest, most excel lent. Sublime, a. sublime, magnificent grand. Subiendo, F. Subir, ger. ascending, mounting. Subio, F. Subir, ind. pret. 3s. as- cended. Subir, inf. vn. to walk up, to as- cend, to mount, to rise. Subir, inf. va. to climb, to ascend, to lift up, to enhance. Subito, ad. immediately, directly, suddenly. Subito-a, a. quick, sudden. Subsistencia, sf. subsistence, main- tenance, stability. Substancia, sf. substance, matter, nutriment. 23 Suceder, inf. vn. to happen ; to suc- ceed. Sucedido, F. Suceder, part, hap- pened, taken place, come to pass. Sucedieron, F. Suceder, ind. pret. Sp. succeeded ; came after. Sucediese, F. Suceder, subj. 3 impf 1 or 3s. should happen. Sucedio, F. Suceder, ind. pret. 3s. happened. Sueesivo-a, a. successive, follow- ing; s. future. Suceso, sm. success, event, inci- dent; occurrence. Sucesor-a, sm. successor. Sucintamente, ad. succinctly, brief- ly, shortly. Suave, a. soft, smooth. Sueia, sf. sole, leather. Sueldo, sm. wages, pay, salary. Suelen, F. Soler, ind. pres. Sp. are apt, in the habit. Sueio, sm. floor, ground, soil. Suelta, F. Soltar, ind. pres. 3s. he lets out. Sueltan, F. Soltar, ind. pres. Sp. they untie or let loose. Sueiia, F. Sonar, ind. pres. 3s. dreams. Suenan, F. Sonar, ind. pres. Sp. dream. Sueno, sm. sleep, dream, vision. Suerte, sf. fate, chance, lot. Sufocar, inf. va. to suffocate, to smother, to harass, to molest. Sufridor-a, sm, sufferer ; capable of enduring. Sufre, F. Sufrir, ind. pres. 3s. suffers. Sufria, F. Sufrir, ind. impf. 1 or 3s. suffered. Sufrir, inf. va. to suffer, to endure, to bear, to tolerate. Sufrire, F. Svfrir, ind. fut. Is. I shall suffer. Sujerisron, F. Sujerir, ind. pret. Sp. they suggested, 265 TAC Sujerfr, inf. va. to suggest, to hint, to intimate, to instigate. Sujetainos, F. Sujetar, ind. pres. Ip. we subject. Sujetar, inf. va. to subject, to re- duce, to overcome. Sujeto, sm. person, individual; sub- ject, matter. Suj^to-a, a. subject, liable, exposed. Suma. sf sum, amount; en suma, ad. in short. Surname nte, ad. extremely, very, very much. Sumerjiendo, F. Sumergir, gcr. plunging into. Sumerjir, inf. va. to plunge into, to sink, to embarrass. Sumia, F. Sumir, ind. pres. 1 or 3s. was sinking. Sumir, inf. vr. to be sunk, to be swallowed up, to sink under ground. Sumira, F. Snmir, ind. fat. 3s. will sink, or be sunk. Sumo, a. super, highest, loftiest. Suntuoso-a, a. sumptuous, splendid, expensive. Superficie, sf. superficies, outward, exterior. Superior, sm. superior, elder. Superior, a. comp. superior, higher, greater. Superioridad, sf. superiority, pre- eminence, superior excellence. Supersticioso-a, a. superstitious, over scrupulous. TAC Supieron, F. Saber, ind. pret. 3p. knew. Supiesen, F. Saber, subj. 3 impf. 3p. should know. Suplica, sf. petition, request, memo- rial. Suplicar, inf. va. to beseech, to sup- plicate, to demand. Suph'co, F. Suplicar, ind. pres. Is. I supplicate. Suplique, F. Suplicar, ind. pret. Is. I beseeched. Supo, F. Saber, ind. pret. 3s. knew. Supremo, a. super, supreme, high- est. Sus, pron. dem. n. oro. its, her, his, their, your. Suspiro, sm. sigh, breath, hissing. Sustentaba, F. Sustentar, ind. impf 1 or 3s. maintained. Sustentado, F. Sustentar, a. sup- ported, maintained, sustained. Sustentan, F. Sustentar, ind. pres. 3p. sustain. Sustentar, inf. va. to maintain, to sustain, to support. Sustento, sm. food, sustenance, maintenance. Susto, sm. fright, terror, fear. Susurrante, a. murmuring, whisper- ing, purling, whizzing. Sutil, a. subtle, sharp, acute. Suyo-a, pron. pos. o. or n. his, hers, theirs, yours ; of him, her, them. Tabla, sf. table, board, plot of earth. Taburete, sm. stool, chair. Tacha, sf fault, imperfection, way. Tacha, F. Tachar, ind. pres. 3s. finds fault. Tachan, F. Tachar, ind. pres. 3p. they accuse, impeach, find fault. Tachar, inf. pres. va. to find fault, to censure, to reprehend. Tacito, sub. prop. m. Tacitus, a very eminent ancient historian. 266 TE TEN Tacito-a, a. tacit, understood, im- plied. Taciturno-a, a. silent, taciturn, re- served, D.elancholy. Tacto, sm. touch, sense of feeling. Tafetan, sm. riband. Tahali, sm. shoulder belt. Tajo, sub. prop. m. Tagus, a river in Spain. Tal, ad. and a. such, such as ; cer- tain ; tal vez, perhaps. Talamo, sm. bride chamber, nup- tial bed. Talento, sm. talent (an ancient piece of money,) talents, genius, abilities. Tamano, sm. size, shape, stature. Tarnbien, ad. also, likewise, in the same manner. Tarnbien, conj. also, and. Tampoco, conj. neither, nor. Tan, ad. as, so, as much. Tanjer, sm. prop. Tangier, a town on the straits of Gibraltar, on the African side. Tanto, ad. so much, as much, so ; par lo tanto, therefore. Tariendo, ger. playing on. Taiiido, sm. knell, melancholy sound. Tapado-a, F. Tapar, part, covered, stopped. Tarda, F. Tardar, ind. pres. 3s. de- lays. Tardan, F. Tardar, ind. pres. 3p. delay. Tardar, inf. vn. to delay, to put off, to procrastinate. Tarde, a. slow, tardy. Tarde, ad. late, afternoon, past the time. Tardo-a, sub. a slow person. Tarea, sf. labour, occupation, work. Tasa, sf. check, bounds ; tax, rate. Te, sm. tea. Te, F. Tu, pron. per. s. o. thee, to thee. Teatro, sm. theatre, play-house. Tejldo, sm. texture, stuff. Tejido, part, adjec. devised, woven, designed. Tema, F. Temer, imp. pres. 3s. let it, him, or her fear. Tema, F. Temer, subj. pres. 1 or 3s. may fear. Teme, F. Temer, ind. pres. 3s. fears Teraed, F. Temer, imp. pres. 2p. fear you or ye. Temer, inf. va. to fear, to dread, to reverence. Temeridad, sf. rashness, temerity, imprudence, excess. Temeroso-a, a. fearful, timorous, cowardly. Temiesen, F. Temer, subj. 3 impf 3p. they should fear. Terno, F. Temer, ind. pres. Is. I fear. Temperamento, sm. temperature, temperament, constitution. Tempestad, sf. tempest, storm, commotion. Templado-a, a. tempered, mode- rated, tuned, benign. Templanza, sf temperance, tempe- rature. Templo, sm. temple, church. Templo, F. Templar, ind. pret. 3s. he tempered or moderated. Temor, sm. fear, terror. Ten, F. Tener, imp. 2s. hold, keep. Tender, inf. va. to extend, to stretch to spread, to distend. Tender, inf. vn. to direct, to tend, to refer. Tendi, F. Tender, ind. pret. Is. I extended. Tendia, F. Tender, ind. impf 1 or 3s. tended. Tendido, part, adjec. stretched, ex- tended, lying down. 267 TER Tendremos, F. Tener, ind. fit. \p we shall or will have. Tenebroso-a, a. dark, obscure gloomy. Tened, F. Tener, imp. 2p. have. hold, consider. Teneis, F. Tener, ind. pres. 2p. ye have. Tenemos, F. Tener, ind. pres. Ip. we have, we keep, hold. Tener, inf. va. to have, to hold, to possess, to maintain, to support, to keep. Tenga, F. Tener, subj. pres. 1 or 3s. I, it, he, or she may have. Tengan, F. Tener, subj. pres. Sp. they may have. Tengas, F. Tener, subj. pres. 2s. thou may est have. Tengo, F. Tener, ind. pres. Is. I have. Tenia, ind. impf 3s. kept, had ; razon, he was right ; no tenia razon, he was wrong. Teniamos, F. Tener, ind. impf. \p. we had. Tenian, F. Tener, ind. impf Sp. they had. Tenido, F. Tener, part, held, had; kept; followed. Teniendo, F. Tener, ger. having, possessing. Tener, inf. va. to dye, to stain. Tentacion, sf temptation, instiga- tion. Teiiido-a, a. dyed, tinged, impreg- nated with any colour. Termas, sub. prop. m. Terrnas, a town in Spain. Terremoto, sm. earthquake. Terreno, sm. place, space of ground. Terron, sm. clod of earth, lump. Terso-a, a. clean, polished, beauti- ful. Termino, sm. term, termination, object, period. TIR Terneza, sf. tenderness, softness, suavity. Ternura, sf. tenderness, delicacy. Tertuliano-a, adj. and s. visiter. Tesoro, sm. treasure, wealth. Testifican, F. Testificar, ind. pres. Sp. they attest. Testigo, sm. witness, proof, evi- dence. Testimonio, sm. witness, testimony, proof, attestation, copy. Ti, F. Tu, pron. per. s. o. thee, to thee. Tibieza, sf. indifference, careless- ness, lukewarmness. Tiembla, F. Temblar, ind. pres. 3s. he trembles. Tiempo, sm. time, weather, leisure, opportunity. Tienda, sf. tent, shop. Tiendecita, sf small shop, or store, dim. of Tienda. Tienden, F. Tender, ind. pres. Sp. they stretch or extend. Tiene, F. Tener, ind. pres. 3s. has; se tiene, considers himself. Tienen, F. Tener, ind. pres. Sp. they have. Tienes, F. Tener, ind. pres. 2s. thou hast. Tiernamente, ad. tenderly, affec- tionately. Tierno-a, a. tender, affectionate, delicate. Tierra, sub. prop, f the earth, country, ground, land, soil. Tinieblas, sfp. darkness, obscurity. Tino, sm. judgment, prudence. Tinta, sf ink, tint. Tinto-a, F. Tenir, part. abs. being stained, tainted. Tino, F. Tenir, part, dyed, stained. Tirania, sf. tyranny, despotism. Tirano, sm. tyrant, despotic mo- narch. Tirano-a, a. tyrannical. t6m t6q Tiro, sm. discharge, mark, shot. Tiro, F. Tirar, ind. pres. 3s. draw, open. Tito, sub. prop. m. Titus, the first name of Livy, a Roman historian, born at Patavium, now called Padua. Titulo, sm. title. Tivoli, sub. prop. m. Tivoli, a town in the territory of Rome. Tobillo, sm. ankle. Toca, sf. head-dress. Toe aha, F. Tocar, ind. imp/. 3s. it belonged to, it was his duty. Tocar, inf. va. to touch, to feel, to go deeply. Tocar, inf. vn. and a. to belong to, to be his, hers, ours, theirs, mine, go to, fall to one's lot, to be one's turn. Tocase, F. T&car, subj. 3 impf. it should touch, appertain or belong. Toco, F. Tocar , ind. pres. Is. I touch, I am near. Toco, F. Tocar, ind. pret. 3s. it touched, pertained, or belonged. Todavia, ad. notwithstanding, yet, still. T6do-a, a. all ; entirely ; every kind of; s. all, every thing; con todo notwithstanding; del todo, en- tirely. Todopoderoso, sub. prop. m. Al- mighty God. Toga, sm. gow T n, toga, costume worn by the Romans. Tolerar, inf. pres. va. to tolerate, to suffer, to permit, to indulge. Tolero, F. Tolerar, ind. pret. 3s. it, he, or she tolerated. Toma, sf. taking, seizing, appre- hension. Toma, F. Tomar, imp. pres. 2s. take thou. Toma, F. Tomar, ind. pres. 3s. takes. 23* Tomaba, F. Tomar, ind. impf. 3s. took. Tomad, F. Tomar, ind. pres. 2p. take you or ye. Tornado, F. Tomar, part, taken, possessed of, understood. Toman, F. Tomar, ind. pres. Bp, they take. Tomando, F. Tomar, ger. assuming, taking. Tomar, inf. va. to take, to assure, to occupy. Tomara, F. Tomar, subj. 1 impf Is. I would take. Tomaron, F. Tomar, ind. pret. 3p, they took. Tomas, F. Tomar, ind, pres. 2s. thou takest. Tomas, sub. prop. m. Thomas, a man's name. Tomasen, F. Tomar, subj. 3 impf Sp. they should take. Tome, F. Tomar, subj. pres. 1 or 3s. may take. Tomen, F. Tomar, subj. pres. 3p. they may take. Tomo, F. Tomar, ind. pres. Is. I take. Tomo, F. Tomar, ind. pret. 3s. took. Tono, sm. tone, voice, manner, tune. Top aba, F. Topar, ind. impf 3s. met with. Top ado, F. Topar, part, met, run against. Topar, inf. pres. va. to run against, to meet with, to encounter. Topo, F. Topar, ind. pres. Is. I meet. Topo, F. Topar, ind. pret. 3s. met. Toque, F. Tocar, subj. pres. 1 or 3s. may touch. Toque, sm. touch, ringing of bells, essay. 269 TRA TRi Toquen, F. Tocar, suhj. pres. Bp they may touch. Torcer, inf. va. to twist, to turn, to deviate. Torciendo, F. Torcer, ger. taking a wrong path. Torcieron, F. Torcer, ind. pret. 3p. twisted, deviated. Tormenta, sf. tempest, storm. Tormento, sm. torment, pain, an- guish, torture. Torna, ind. pres. and imp. returns to, return thou. Tornara, F. Tomar, ind. fat. 3s. will return. Torno, sm. wheel, circumvolution; en torno, arround. Torpe, s. a clumsy, rough, or rude person. Torpe, a. rude, clumsy, barbarous, libidinous. Toro, sm. bull. Torre, sf. steeple, tower. Torrente, sm. torrent, rapid stream, abundance. Torreon, sm. a round tower. Tortura, sf. rack, torture, tortuosity. T6sco-a, a. rough, rude, unpolished, ill-bred. Total, sm. the whole, sum, totality, amount. Total, a. general, universal, total. Trabaja, F. Trabajar, ind. invpf. 3s. worked. Trabajamos, F. Trabajar, ind. pres. lp. we labour. Trabajamos, F. Trabajar, ind. pret. \p. we laboured. Trabajando, F. Trabajar, ger. la- bouring, working. Trabajar, inf. va. to labour, to work. Trabajaremos, F. Trabajar, ind. fat. lp. we shall work. Trabajaron, F. Trabajar, ind. pret. 3p. they laboured. Trabajo, sm. work, impediment, trouble, poverty. Trabajo so- a, a. laborious, hard, painful, elaborate. Traductor, sm. translator. Trae, F. Traer, ind. pres. 3s. brings, or carries. Traer, inf. va. to bring, to carry, to take, to fetch, to attract. Triifajo, sm. traffic, commerce, trade. Trafico, sm. traffic, commerce. Tragaron, F. Tragar, ind. pret. 3p. they swallowed. Traje, sm: dress, costume, garb. Trajedia, sf. tragedy; any dreadful event. Trajeron, F. Traer, ind. pret. Sp. brought. Traia, F. Traer, ind. impf. 1 or 3s. brought, wore. Traian, F. Traer, ind. impf 3p. they brought. Traicion, sf. treason, treachery. Traiga, F. Traer, imp. pres. 3p. let bring. Traiga, F. Traer, subj. pres. Zs. may bring. Traigan, F. Traer, subj. pres. Bp. may bring. Traigo, F. Traer, ind. pres. Is. I bring. Trajo, F. Traer, ind. pret. 1 or 3s. brought. Tramposo, s. swindler. Tramposo-a, a. deceitful, swindling. Trance, sm. danger, perilous situa- tion, the last stage of life. Tranquilamente, ad. tranquilly, peacefully. Tranquilo-a, a. tranquil, calm, quiet. Transferido, F. Transferir, part. transferred, transported. Transito, sm. distance, transition, passage, way ; road. 270 TRA TRO Transparente, a. transparent. Transportar, inf. va. to transport, to convey, to remove. Transporte, F. Transpertar, subj. pres. 1.9. I may transport. Transporte, sm. transport, transpor- tation. Tras, prep, behind, independently of. Traslada, F. Trasladar, ind. pres. 3s. it, he, or she translates. Trasladado, part, removed, trans lated, transcribed, copied. Trasladar, inf. va. to translate, to remove, to transcribe. Traspasado-a, part. abs. penetrated struck; run through. Traspasar, inf. va. to pierce, to cross, to move to compassion. Traspasaron, ind. pret. Sp. they pierced. Trastornado-a, a. overthrown, up- set, deranged, entangled. Trastornar, inf. pres. va. to subvert, to overthrow, to confuse, to per- suade, to derange. Trasudor, sm. sweat, perspiration. Trata, F. Tratar, ind. pres. 3s. it, he, or she treats. Tiataba, (se) ind. impf. he intend- ed, he fared. Trataban, F. Tratar, ind. impf. Sp. treated, endeavoured to. Tratan, ind. pres. Sp. set about. Tratando, F. Tratar, ger. treating, touching, trading. Tratar, inf. pres. va. to investigate, to intend, to have intercourse, to fare. Tr&tkron,. ind. pret. 3p. they treated, thought of. Trato, F. Tratar, ind. pres. Is. I wish. Trato, sm. intercourse, commerce, treatment, usage, fare. Travieso-a, a. oblique, turbulent, intemperate. Trayendo, F. Traer, ger. carrying,, bringing. Traza, sf plan, scheme. Trecho, sm. space, distance, situa- tion, plight. Tregua, sf repose, truce, cessa- tion of hostilities. Treinta, a. num. thirty. Trenticinco, a. num. thirty-five. Trenza, sf. braided hair. Tres, a. num. three. Tretico-a, adj. melancholy, sombre, dark, gloomy. Tribunal, sm. tribunal, court (of justice.) Tributo, sm. tribute, tax, contribu- tion. Trigo, sm, wheat. Trinchera, sf. entrenchment Triste, a. sad, melancholy, dull, doleful. Triste za, sf. sadness, grief, afflic- tion, sorrow. Triunfando, F. Triunfar, ger. tri- umphing, subduing. Triunfar, inf. vn. to triumph over, to conquer, to gain a victory. Triunfo, F. Triunfar, ind. pret. 3s. it, he, or she triumphed over. Triunfo, sm. triumph, conquest, trophy. Trocado, F. Trocar, part, changed, permuted. Trocara, F. Trocar, subj. 1 impf 1 or 3s. would exchange. Tronco, sm. trunk; and also, branch. Tronera, sf hair-brained; loop- hole. Trono, sm.. throne, royal seat, Tropa, sf troop, soldiers. Tropel, sm. noise, hurry, bustle, confusion. 27 i tfLT tfNA Tropel, pron. collec. a crowd, a number of persons or things heaped or confused together. Tropezar, inf. pres. vn. to stumble, to be detained, to wrangle, to dispute. Tropieza, sm. stumble, obstacle, error. Trueca, F. Trocar > ind. pres. Ss. he exchanges. Trucha, sf. trout. Trueno, sm. thunder, report of fire arms. Trueque, sm. exchange ; a Tmeque, by the loss, provided, in order, exchanging. Tu, pron. per. n. s. thou. This pronoun is used, in Spanish, only by parents in addressing their children ; masters, their servants ; and intimate friends, each other. Sometimes it is used also in ad- dressing God, or any celestial es- sence. V. Vd. or Vmd. meaning Usted or Vuestra Merced, may be said to be the pronoun in general use, in addressing ourselves to persons in general. Tu, pron. pos. s. n. or o. thy, thine. Tubo, sm. tube. Tucidides, sub. prop. m. Thucy- dides, a celebrated ancient histo- rian. Tulip an, sm. tulip (a flower.) Tumba, sf. tomb, sepulchre. Tumulto, sm. tumult, uproar, mob. Tunante, sm. a cunning, crafty, or sagacious rogue. Turba, sf. crowd, multitude. Turba, F. Turbar, ind. pres. Ss. dis- turbs ; s. a crowd. Turbacion, sf. perturbation, confu- sion, disorder. Turban, F. Turbar, ind. pres. Sp. disturb. Turbando, ger. disquieting, disturb- ing; inverting. Turbar, inf. va. to disturb, to alarm, to trouble, to surprise. Tus, pron. pos. p. n. or o. thy, your. Tuviera, F. Tener, subj. impf. 1 or 3s. would, might have. Tuvierais, F. Tener, subj. 1 impf. 2p. you or ye should have. Tuviere, F. Tener, subj. fit. 1 or 3*. should have. Tuvieron, F. Tener, ind. pret. Sp. possessed. Tuvieseis, F. Tener, subj. 3 impf. 2p. should have. Tuviesen, F. Tener, subj. 3 impf. Sp. should have. Tuvo, F. Tener, ind. pret. Ss. it, he, or she had felt. Tuyo-a, pron. pos. o. or n. sub. thy, thine. u U, prep, or, either. Ufano-a, sub. proud, haughty, con- ceited. Ufano, a. proud, arrogant, haughty, cheerful, joyful. TJltimamente, ad. lastly, ultimately. tjltimo-a, a. last, final, finished; par ultimo, at last. Ultraje, sm. outrage, contempt, op- probrium. Un, a num. one, a ; contraction of uno. Una, sf. nail, talon. Una, adj. fern, of uno, en una, or a una, conjointly, unitedly. Una, F. Unir, subj. pres. 1 or 3s. may unite. 272 V.M. Une, F. Unir, ind. pres. 3s. unites. Unen, F. Unir, ind. pres. 3p. unite. Unico-a, a. only, alone, singular, excellent. Unir, inf. pres. va. to join, to unite, to mix, to incorporate. Universal, a. universal, general. Universo, sm. universe, or the gene- ral system of created things. Uno-a, a. num, one, a, an ; some. Urbanidad, sf. politeness, urbanity, civility. Urbano-a, a. polite, civil, courteous. Urna, sf. urn, glass, case. Utilidad, sf. utility, usefulness. IJsa, F. Usar, ind. pres. 3s. uses. Usaba, F. Usar, ind. impf. 3s. used. VAL Usaban, F. Usar, ind. impf Zp> used. Usado-a, part, adjec. used, worn out, skilful, versed. Usan, F. Usar, ind. pres. Bp. they use. Usar, inf. va. to use, to employ, to exercise, to make use of. Uso, sm. usage, use, employment. Usted, s. you, or your worship. See V. Usurpa, F. Usurpar, ind. pres. 3s. it, he, or she usurps. Usurpadp, a. and part, usurped, taken away, robbed. Util, a. useful, advantageous* V. This letter stands in printed or written composition, as a contrac tion of usted, which is, in itse-lf, another contraction of Vuestra Merced, 'your worship.' V, which is also often written or printed Vd. or Vmd. must invariably be read usted, 'you,' or 'your wor- ship.' This pronoun is, in Span- ish, almost universally used in addressing ourselves to others, instead of tu, or vos, and may therefore be said to be the equiva- lent of the English 'you.' As it is in itself a pronoun of the third person, it requires that the verb agreeing with it should also be in the third person ; although used in regard to persons spoken to. It is also because Vmd. is in the third person, that the objective pronoun le, stands for d vmd. 'to you,' or to 'your worship.' V. M. contraction of vuestra majes- tad, your majesty; and also of usted. VV. read ustedes, s. p. you or your worships. Va, F. Ir, ind. pres. 3s. goes. Vac a, sf. cow, veal. Vaciedad, sf. emptiness, vacuity, arrogant speech. Vacilando, F. Vacilar, ger. waver- ing, staggering. Vacilar, inf. pres. vn. to vacillate, to stagger, to waver. Vacio-a, a. empty, unoccupied, dis- engaged. Vago-a, a. vagrant, restless, unea- sy, vague. Vago-a, sub. vagabond, an unculti- vated piece of ground. Valde, sm. bucket ; de valde, gratis. Vale, F. Valer, ind. pres. 3s. is worth. Valen, F. Valer, ind. pres. Sp. they are worth. Valentfa, sf. valour, courage, spirit. 273 VAR VEL Valer, inf. pres. vn. to be worth, valuable ; to serve. Vaterosarnente, ad. valiantly, cour- ageously. VaIer6so-a, a. valiant, courageous, strong, powerful. Valga, F. Valer, subj. pres. Bs. may be worth. Valgan, F. Valer, subj. pres. Bp. may be worth. Valla, F. Valer, ind. impf. Is. I was worth. Valido, sm. favourite, predilect Valido, F. Valer, part, bee^ii worth. Valiendo, F. Valer, ger. taking ad- vantage, being worth. Valiera, subj. impf. would be worth; mas valiera, it would be better. Valiente, a. valiant, courageous, strong ; s. a bully, a valiant man. Vaiiesen, F. Valer, subj. 3 impf. Bp. they should be worth. Valor, sm. valour, value, income. Vaiiado, sm. enclosure, paling. Valle, sm. ovf. valley, vale. Vamos, F. Ir, subj. pres. \p. come on, let us go. Van, F. Ir, ind. pres. Bp. go. Vanaglorioso-a, a. vain, boastful, vain-glorious, conceited, proud. Vanamente, ad. vainly. Vando, sm. edict, law, party. Vanidad, sf. vanity, ostentation, vain parade. Vano-a, a. vain, arrogant, empty, useless. Varela (Felics) sub. prop. m. Vare- la, a distinguished living philo- sophic writer; author of i. 5 conj and. Ya, conj. already, now-a-days ; now, at one time, at another. Yace, F. Yacer, ind. pres. 3s. lies. Yacen, F. Yacer, ind. pres. 3p. they lie. Yacer, inf. vn. to lie, to repose, to be stretched out. Yedra, sf. ivy. Yelmo, sm. helmet. Yendo, F. Ir, ger. going. Yerba, sf. herb, grass. Yo, pron. per. s. n. I. Yugo, sm. joke Zagala, sf. swain (a country girl.) Zagaleja, sf a little, pretty swain. Zamarra, sf shepherd's dress (made of skins.) Zampona, sf. bagpipe. Zapato, sm. shoe. Zaragoza, sub. prop, f Zaragossa, a city in Spain. Zaragiiellos, sm. p. drawers, breeches. Zarza, sf thorn, bramble. Zozobra, sf uneasiness, anguish, anxiety. 279 LEFe s> Deacidified using the Bookkeeper process. Neutralizing agent: Magnesium Oxide Treatment Date: Sept. 2006 PreservationTechnologies A WORLD LEADER IN PAPER PRESERVATION 1 1 1 Thomson Park Drive Cranberry Township, PA 16066 (724)779-2111 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 003 212 035