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1722 DO^ ER DATES 1922 
 
 A Bicentennial History of Dover, New Jersey 
 
 Published in Connection with 
 
 DOVER'S TWO HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY 
 CELEBRATION 
 
 Under the Direction of 
 
 THE DOVER FIRE DEPARTMENT 
 AUGUST 9, 10, 11, 19:: 
 
 CHARLES D. PLATT. Author and Publisher 
 DOVER. Nb:\V JERSEY 
 

 Copyright 7 
 
 CHARLES D. PL ATT 
 1922 
 
 Printed by 
 THE JERSEYMAN, INC 
 Moiristown, New Jersey 
 
 ©C1A692850 
 
 DEC 26 '22 
 ^9 V 
 
 \ 
 
PREFACE 
 
 In 1914 my "Dover History" was published, containing personal 
 reminiscences of Dover people, with other historical matter relating to 
 the period 1722 to 1869. In the summer of 1921 I began to compile a 
 chronological review of facts contained in the Dover History, collated 
 with other facts from various sources, endeavoring to suggest the rela- 
 tion of Dover to the State of New Jersey, to the United States, as his- 
 torically developed, and to European history, thinking that such an 
 arrangement would be useful for the interpretation of our local history 
 in view of our approaching bicentennial year. 
 
 In October. 1921, although no formal committee had been appointed 
 as yet to consider the advisability of any public recognition of that anni- 
 versary, I conferred with our local editors, Harry R. Gill of The 
 Advance, and William G. Hummel of The Index and they heartily sup- 
 ported me in bringing before the public a series of articles entitled 
 "Dover Dates," published in the latter part of 1921 and the early part 
 of 1922. 
 
 It was our intention to publish this historical information later in 
 pamphlet form, and I am greatly indebted to my two friends, the editors, 
 for their co-operation in preparing to carry out this plan. Among other 
 readers of the newspaper articles, the Firemen of Dover became inter- 
 ested and determined to have a bicentennial celebration. With their cus- 
 tomary enthusiasm and energy they organized committees and made 
 arrangements to do honor to their Home Town, inviting me to join them 
 as an honorary member of their committee. 
 
 In time, it was thought best, with the co-operation of the Firemen, 
 to print "Dover Dates" as a bicentennial book. The Jerseyman of 
 Morristown made an offer acceptable to all concerned, to print this 
 book and promote its sale. This offer was accepted by the Firemen's 
 Committee. Our thanks are due to The Jerseyman for the generous 
 and able way in which they have helped us carry out the plan and publish 
 this book. 
 
 I am inde1)ted to Frederic A. Canfield, deeply versed in local lore, 
 for his kindness in making a few corrections and adding some items of 
 interest relating to the early chronology of Dover. 
 
 In undertaking this work of local historian I have been led further 
 than I anticipated. Not myself a native of Dover, I have gained much 
 of my knowledge from others who have resided here longer than I. 
 In this connection my thanks are due to the many persons who have, 
 first and last, contrilnited articles based upon their special knowledge, 
 making this book a symposium illustrating many phases of our modern 
 community and its environs. 
 
 "Dover Dates" is a supplement of "Dover History" and contains 
 much new and up-to-date material relating to the period 1869 to 1922, 
 especially 1922. The mlinicipal departments of the present day are 
 represented, also the military organizations of recent years, and the 
 larger industrial concerns of Dover and vicinity. 
 
 CHARLES D. PLATT, Editor. 
 
DEDICATION 
 How dedicate these Dover Dates? 
 
 Who has this labor o' love inspired ? 
 Who but our Dover? Tete-a-tetes 
 
 With her have slumberiiisf srenius fired. 
 
 ^& &^ 
 
 The kindly old folks who recall 
 
 The scenes of youth, the happy days 
 That here they spent; who tell me all 
 
 That charmed them once, the old-time ways. 
 
 The business man of many cares, 
 
 Whose bosom swells with local pride 
 As he surveys his shops, his wares. 
 
 And waits the turn of Fortune's tide. 
 
 The younger folks — the girls and boys, 
 
 Now in succession apostolic ; 
 Grasping life's sweet but fleeting joys. 
 
 They conjugate the verb "to frolic." 
 
 The sober housewife, who presides 
 
 O'er hearth and home with patience rare 
 To raise her hopefuls; who provides 
 
 For endless wants with constant care. 
 
 The teachers, who inform the mind 
 
 And guide young hearts through realms of knowledge; 
 Who train crude youth to arts refined. 
 
 Prepare for life — perchance for college. 
 
 The City Fathers — may this lore 
 
 Of Dover Dates and Dover's story 
 Endear the Dover loved of yore 
 
 And clear her path to future glory ! 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 PART I. 
 EARLY CHRONOLOGY OF NEW JERSEY AND DOVER 
 
 Preliminary Dates. 
 
 The Dutch Rule, 1609-1665. 55 years. 
 
 The English Proprietary Rule, 1664-1702. 38 years. 
 
 East and West New Jersey. 
 
 William Penn and the Quakers. 
 
 The English Colonial Governors, 1702-1776. 74 years. 
 
 The Capitals of East New Jersey, i665-,i776. 11 1 y^'ars. 
 
 PART II. 
 LOCATION. ENVIRONMENT 
 
 Two Old Roads, Townships. 
 
 Ferromont. 1713 — 
 
 The Quakers of Randolph. 
 
 Poem : Richard Brotherton. 
 The Friends' Meeting House. 
 The Old Presbyterian Church at Rockaway. 
 The Old Methodist Church at Millbrook. Alonzo B. Searing. 
 
 Poem: Old Millbrook. Theodore F. Mott. 
 
 On Poetry. 
 
 The Iron Era : Poetic. Crane Hill 
 A Dover to Mine Hill Ramble. 
 
 Poem : The Life at Mine Hill. 
 From My Porch. Poem. 1919. 
 
 Twenty-fifth Anniversary of the P. O. S. & L. C, 1921. Poem. 
 Scenes from Hurdtown. Lefevre, Artist. 
 Dover and the Greater New York. 
 Dover and Pennsylvania. 
 
 PART III. 
 
 MUNICIPAL AND CIVIC. 
 
 The Mayors of Dover, 1869-1922. 
 
 The Manual of Dover, 1922. 
 
 The Police Force. 
 
 The Police Court. 
 
 Justice of the Peace, Constables. 
 
 The District Court. 
 
 The Dover Fire Department. 
 
The Dover Water Department. George F. Steffany. 
 
 Poem : Hygeia. 
 The Dover Board of Health. 
 
 The Dover General Hospital. N. Eleanor Hulsart. 
 
 The Woman's Auxiliary of the Hospital. Mrs. Fletcher Fritts. 
 American Red Cross: West Morris Chapter. History Committee. 
 
 Poem : Woman's Work in the Red Cross. Minerva Freeman. 
 The First Decade of the Woman's Club. Minerva Freeman. 
 
 Poem : The Rhyme of the Woman's Club. Minerva Freeman. 
 Hurd Park. P. C. Buck. 
 
 Dover Post Office Facts. Charlotte S. Hurd. 
 
 The Dover Free Public Library. Martha A. Burnett. 
 
 Poem : What Dover Wants for Christmas. 
 
 EDUCATIONAL. 
 
 From Supt. Thurber's Report of Morris County Schools, 1876. 
 Reminiscences of Dover Schools, 1876-1881. Edward M. Young. 
 Thirty Years' Grovv^th and Progress of the Dover Schools, 1890- 
 ig22 J. Howard Hulsart, County Superintendent. 
 
 The Dover Schools in 1922. 
 
 Rosv/ell S. Bowlby, Supt. of Dover Schools, 1920— 
 Presidents of the Board ofEducation, 1910-1922. 
 
 Song: Dover High. 
 Prize Essay : What the Flag Means to Me. 
 
 Ruth Meyer, class of 1922. 
 
 PART IV. 
 OTHER INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 The National Union Bank, 1872. J. B. Tonking. 
 
 The Dover Trust Company, 1902. E. W. Rosevear. 
 
 Waste Not, Want Not: poem. 
 'The Newspapers of Dover 
 Dover Real Estate. 
 
 THE CHURCHES. 
 
 'Sunday School, 1816. 
 
 The First Presbyterian Church, 1835. 
 
 Grace Methodist Episcopal Church, 1838. 
 
 The First Methodist Episcopal Church, 1838. 
 
 St. ]^;Iary's Roman Catholic Church, 1845. 
 
 The Free Methodist Church, 187 1. 
 
 St. John's Episcopal Church, 1849. 
 
 The Chrystal Street Chapel, 1879. 
 
 The Swedish Trinity Lutheran Church, 1889. 
 
The Swedish Baptist Church, 1889. 
 
 The First Baptist Church, 1893. 
 
 The Swedish Bethlehem Church, 1894. 
 
 The Salvation Army, 1900. 
 
 The Church of the Sacred Heart, 1903. 
 
 The First Church of Christ Scientist, 1908. 
 
 The Jewish Orthodox Congregation. 
 
 Mt. Zion Baptist Church. 
 
 The Gaines A. M. E. Mission. 
 
 International Bible Students. 
 
 The Christian Alliance. 
 
 Mine Hill. 
 
 The Mine Hill Presbyterian Church, 1874. 
 
 CEMETERIES. 
 The Old Morris Street Burying Ground. 
 The Dover Cemetery Association, Orchard Street, 1854. 
 The Locust Hill Cemetery Association, 1867. 
 The Friends' Meeting House and Cemetery Association, Rand 
 
 olph (1748) 1898. 
 The Mt. Sinai Cemetery Association, 1899. 
 
 PART V. 
 Hymn for Independence Day. 
 The Grand Army of the Republic. 
 The Spanish-American War. 
 The Boys' Brigade. 
 The Dover Home Defense League. 
 The Dover Home Guards. 
 The Dover Guard. 
 Battery D. 
 The American Legion in Dover. 
 
 PART VI. 
 INDUSTRIALS. CLOTHING. 
 The Silk Mills of Dover, 1881— 
 The Swiss Knitting Mill, 1890. 
 The Brotherhood Overall Factory, 1890. 
 Paul Guenther, Inc., 1897. 
 The .Sussex Overall Factory, 1918. 
 Cook's Laundry Inc., 1894. 
 The Progress ofAgriculture 
 
 PUBLIC SERVICE 
 New Jersey Gas and Electric Company. 
 New Jersey Power and Light Company, 1915 
 
 More Poetry: Reminiscences 
 New York Telephone Company, 11880. 
 
 Highways of Speech : Poem. 
 Crystal Ice Company, 1922. 
 Ulster Iron Works Inc., (1745) I903- 
 
 Warren Surnburger. 
 
 Miller Rofif. 
 
 George R. Flartey. 
 
 C. H. Benedict, Jr. 
 
 Edward W. Larsen. 
 
 Stewart Kahler. 
 
 George R. Flartey. 
 
 Fred W. Batten. 
 
 [ames O. Cooper. 
 
 B. S. Woodman 
 F. J. L. Doyle. 
 
 Otto A. Marquard. 
 
8 
 
 EXPLOSIVES. 
 
 The Hercules Powder Company, 1871. S. B. Moore. 
 
 Picatinny Arsenal, 1880. Howard S. Deck. 
 
 The Atlas Powder Company, 1883. 
 Naval Ammunition Depot, Lake Denmark, 1891. 
 
 IRON 
 Dover Boiler Works, 1874. W. E, Goldsworthy. 
 
 McKiernan-Terry Drill Company, 1895. 
 Downs-Slater Iron Foundry Company, 191 1. 
 
 Lackawanna Frog and Switch Shop, 1912 C. B, French^ 
 
 Richard Mine. 
 Replogle Inc., 1919. 
 
 North Jersey Steel Company, 1920. H, M. Roche. 
 
 Developing North Jersey Iron Ores. E. C. Kreutzberg. 
 
 PART VII. 
 TRANSPORTATION. 
 The Morris Canal, 183 1. 
 
 Early Days of theMorris and Essex Railroad, 1848 — 
 The Lackawanna Railroad in Dover. Charles E. Mill. 
 
 The Central R. R. of New Jersey, 1880. 
 The Morris County Traction Company, 1889. 
 
 PART VIII. 
 ODDS AND ENDS. 
 An Old Account Book of 1821-30. 
 A Dover Fourth of July in 1823. 
 Three Odes of 1823. 
 The Loan Exhibition of 1879. 
 The School Pageant of 1920. 
 
 PART IX. 
 LOCAL HISTORICAL POEMS. 
 John Jackson, 1722 — 
 A Song of Iron 
 The Mine Hill Blacksmith 
 Forge and Song 
 
 When Greatgrandmother was a Girl, i84( 
 Log Cabins 
 Ovens 
 
 Uncle Byram 1 792-1888. 
 A Race 
 
 Father Byram's Christmas, 1866. 
 Ford's Pond 
 
 William Young, 1802-1875. 
 Tave. 1842-1902. 
 Rapid Transit 
 The Town Clerk, 1922. 
 The Firemen, 1922. 
 The Song of Dover. 
 
INTRODUCTORY 
 
 Blest is the man who can relate 
 The story of his native State. 
 
 In view of our approaching bicentennial year, I have tried to 
 constrvict a chronological summary of leading events and picturesque 
 incidents in the history of Dover. We may as well start with the 
 date when Columbus discovered America and a few other dates which 
 affected our historic destiny. While some of these dates may seem 
 far-fetched they furnish historical perspective and indicate great 
 dramatic forces upon which the future of Dover was depending. 
 Whether we should be a dependency of Spain, Holland, France. Great 
 Britain, or Sweden, whether we should be governed under a feudal 
 patroon system, by an absolute monarchy claiming the divine right 
 to rule, or conducted to an earthly Utopia by Puritan or Quaker or John 
 Locke's Model of Government, or whether the principles of Magna 
 Charta should mold a new form of government for the new world, 
 remained to be seen. 
 
 Our public library contains many books which will enable the 
 inquiring student to follow up these scanty hints more thoroughly and 
 trace the relation of our town history to the development of the state 
 and nation and the world at large — a study which is full of interest. 
 
 Preliminary 
 
 1492 — Columbus discovers America, October 12. 
 
 1497 — John and Sebastian Cabot explore the North Atlantic Coast 
 and claim North America for Henry VII of England. 
 
 1564 — French at Florida, destroyed by the Spanish in 1565. 
 
 1567 — The French destroy the Spanish settlement in Florida. 
 
 1584-90 — Raleigh's ill-fated colonies in North Carolina. 
 
 1588— The Spanish Armada attacks England and is destroyed. 
 
 Holland thus becomes independent and becomes a sea power 
 
 with trade and colonies in America. 
 
 England, freed from Spanish interference, can use the southern 
 
 route by the Azores to Virginia. 
 
 The future of the United .States (to be) and Canada depends 
 
 upon the supremacy of the seas, whether it shall be held by 
 
 Spain, France, Holland, or England. 
 
 1607 — Jamestown, Virginia, is founded by the London Company. 
 Captain John Smith, Pocahontas and John Rolfe. 
 
 1609 — Henry Hudson, in the employ of the Dutch East India Com- 
 pany, discovers the Fludson River and views New Jersey, which 
 the Dutch claim and rule until 1664. 
 
 1664 — The English assert their claim and rule New Jersey by Pro- 
 prietary Government until 1702. 
 
 1702 — New Jersey a Royal Province until 1776. 
 
 1776 — The United States of America assert their independence. 
 
 1926 — One hundredth and fiftieth anniversary of Declaration of Inde- 
 pendence. One hundredth anniversary of the incorporation of 
 Dover Village. 
 
10 
 
 THE DUTCH RULE 
 
 1609 — Henry Hudson, in his ship The Half Moon, explores the Hudson 
 River, Manhattan Island, and the Jersey shore. Hence the 
 Dutch claimed the territory which he explored. As he was an 
 Englishman the English claimed it, basing their claim also upon 
 the earlier discoveries of the Cabots. 
 
 1 61 3 — The Dutch founded a trading post at Manhattan, called New 
 Amsterdam. The surrounding country was called New 
 Netherland. 
 
 1614 — They built a redoubt at Jersey City Point. 
 
 1620 — The Pilgrims landed at Plymouth, Massachusetts. Capt. John 
 Smith had previously explored and chartered the coast and 
 named the country NEW ENGLAND. The Plymouth Com- 
 pany ruled here. 
 
 1638 — to 1640 — English colonies were founded at New Haven and 
 vicinity. From these colonies many went across Long Island 
 Sound and settled on Long Island, at Huntington and else- 
 where. The New England settlements are intimately related to 
 the early English settlements in New Jersey. 
 
 1643 — The Dutch have trouble with the Indians of New Jersey and 
 massacre some of them. Fear of the Indians keeps the white 
 men, for some years, from settling in New Jersey far from 
 the coast. 
 
 1 65 1 — The Dutch begin to take up land in New Jersey under a patroon 
 system of large landed proprietors, like the old feudal barons of 
 Europe. A large tract is taken up by Cornelius Van Werk- 
 hoven, extending from the Raritan to the Passaic and beyond. 
 Gustavus Adolphus, king of Sweden, has schemes for founding 
 a New Sweden, with settlements on Delaware Bay and in New 
 Jersey. 
 
 1655 — The Dutch bring New Sweden under their rule. 
 
 1655 — The Indians retaliate for the massacre of their people in 1643. 
 They massacre Dutch colonists at Pavonia, Hoboken, and Staten 
 Island. Fear checks further settlement for a time. 
 
 1660 — Bergen was founded, the first permanent settlement in New 
 Jersey. The first school in New Jersey was probably estab- 
 lished here in 1662, taught by Engelbert Steenhuysen. 
 
 1664 — The Dutch remained in possession of New Netherland (and in 
 control of New Jersey) until 1664. They left their mark upon 
 the population, the land titles, and names and customs of a great 
 part of the low lands of New Jersey and their posterity have 
 been honored and influential in the later history of the State, 
 penetrating farther into the interior. 
 
 If their rule had continued, our Dover might have had another 
 name, such as Stuyvesant, in honor of the redoubtable Peter, 
 and Blackwell street might have been Goedenhuyzen avenue, or 
 some such name. 
 
 A good story might be written in the manner of Washington 
 Irving, on our present possibilities, in such a case. 
 
II 
 
 THE ENGLISH PROPRIETARY RULE 
 
 1660 — Charles II was restored to the English throne, May 29. He 
 wished to bring the whole Atlantic Coast of North America into 
 immediate dependence on the English Crown. 
 The Royal African Company — slave traders — was chartered, 
 with James, Duke of York, brother of king Charles, as its presi- 
 dent. 
 
 1664 — He obtained from the king a grant of Maine, the islands of New 
 England. Long Island, and the land from the Connecticut River 
 to Delaware I^.ay, including land previously granted to Connecti- 
 cut and including New Netherland. "A very cool proceeding 
 and a clear case of usurpation." 
 
 The Duke of York sent Col. Richard Nicolls with four ships-of- 
 war and a Commission to act as deputy-governor within this 
 tract. Asserting the earlier claim of the English to Manhattan 
 and New Netherland, Nicolls called upon the Dutch to surrender 
 their possessions and their rule. They did so. Many of the 
 settlers were glad to have a change of government, hence made 
 no resistance. 
 
 1664 — June 23. The Duke of York conveyed New Jersey to Lord 
 Berkeley and Sir George Carteret, the latter from the Isle of 
 Jersey north of France, called in Latin "Insula Caesarea," after 
 Julius Caesar, the "farthest North" explorer of his day. Carte- 
 ret applied the name "Nova Caesarea" or New Jersey to his new 
 possessions. Thus the name of the Roman Caesar has descended 
 upon our State. 
 
 1664 — Elizabeth Town was founded by English settlers from Long 
 Island and Connecticut. The Dutch had denied them any share 
 in the government and had refused their request to settle in 
 New Jersey. Four weeks after the surrender of the Dutch these 
 English families made their petition to Gov. Nicolls, who 
 promptly "consented unto the proposals." The settlers obtained 
 liberal "concessions" of local self-government, far in advance of 
 the age. 
 
 1665 — Philip Carteret was appointed governor of West New Jersey 
 and made the seat of government at Elizabeth Town, which was 
 named after the Lady Elizabeth, wife of Sir George Carteret. 
 
 1666 — Newark was founded by English settlers from New Haven and 
 vicinity. In 1676 a school was established, taught by Mr. Catlin. 
 
 1667 — Quakers were settled at Shrewsbury. 
 
 t668 — The first Meeting House was built at Newark. 
 
 1668 — The First General Assembly was held at Elizabeth Town. 
 
 1668 — Rev. Jeremiah Peck, first pastor of the Presbyterian Church in 
 Elizabeth Town, also taught school. He lived and preached in 
 Newark the previous year and may have taught school there. 
 One of New Jersey's first "schoolmasters." 
 
 1672 — There was an insurrection of the Puritan settlers against Gov. 
 Philip Carteret, feeling that he was encroaching on their rights 
 as "free-born Englishmen." The antagonism and conflict 
 
12 
 
 between the independent yeoi'ianry of England and the exactions 
 and assumptions of royalty as represented by Charles II and his 
 Cavalier partisans were perpetuated on this side of the Atlantic. 
 1673 — The English and Dutch are at war. The Dutch regain New 
 Netherland. When peace is made New Netherland is restored 
 to the English. Col. Edmund Andros was appointed governor 
 of New York, claiming also jurisdiction over New Jersey. 
 
 EAST AND WEST NEW JERSEY 
 
 1674 — Sir George Carteret and Lord Berkeley divided New Jersey by 
 a line running from Little Egg Harbor to the Delaware Water 
 Gap. 
 
 Berkeley sold his part. West New Jersey, to John Fenwicke and 
 Edward" Byllinge, Quakers, for one thousand pounds, with the 
 right of government, March 18. 
 
 Byllinge sold to William Penn, Gawen Lawrie, Nicholas Lucas, 
 Quakers. They sold to others, forming a company of Proprie- 
 tors in Common, with concessions from the Crown. The 
 Quakers were at this time trying to escape from unhappy condi- 
 tions in Great Britain. The New World offered the inducements 
 of freedom and prosperity. They settled chiefly in West New 
 Jersey, along the Delaware, and at Shrewsbury, and along the 
 Rahway River. Shrewsbury became the seat of a Quaker gov- 
 ernment and many Quakers of the better class took up their 
 residence there. They had iron works there. 
 
 1674 — June 29, the Duke of York received a new patent for the whole 
 territory restored by treaty with the Dutch, February 9. 
 July 29, the Duke of York reconveys East New Jersey to Sir- 
 George Carteret, who now becomes sole proprietor, having 
 sole power, under the king, to settle and dispose of the country. 
 This arrangement appeared to revoke some concessions of 1665. 
 
 1674 — In November, Gov. Philip Carteret returned, after two years 
 absence, to his home in Elizabeth Town, with a new commission 
 as Governor of New Jersey. The liberal concessions of 1665, 
 which had attracted the best class of settlers from New England 
 and Long Island, were remodeled, depriving the people of all 
 original jurisdiction, and giving the governor control of the 
 Legislature. 
 
 1676 — July first, a quintipartite deed was executed between Sir George 
 Carteret, William Penn, Gawen Lawrie, Nicholas Lucas, and 
 Edward Byllinge, by which East New Jersey was confirmed to 
 Sir George Carteret, and the partition line between East New 
 Jersey and West New Jersey was described. See Smith's His- 
 tory of New Jersey. 
 
 1676 — The Assembly met twice : At Elizabeth in April ; at Woodbridge 
 in October. 
 
 1677 — to 1679, the Assembly met annually in October in Elizabeth. 
 
 There was a conflict of authority between two masters, Gov. 
 Andros of New York, and Gov. Carteret of New Jersey. 
 
13 
 
 16/8 — August, Andros returned from a trip to England, with full 
 mstructions from the Duke of York to claim jurisdiction over 
 all New Jersey. 
 
 One matter in dispute was the collection of customs duties from 
 ships. Andros demands that all ships shall clear in New York 
 and pay duties thf^re, before landing in New Jersey. 
 
 1679 — Gov. Carteret declares that all vessels that will trade to East 
 New Jersey shall be free. The Assembly declares that ships may 
 clear directly, by way of Sandy Hook, at His Majesty's Custom 
 House, which is at the Governor's House in Elizabeth Town. 
 The dispute became serious. Finally Andros sent men who haled 
 Gov. Carteret from his bed at night and took him, unclad, in a 
 canoe, to New York, having treated him with personal violence 
 to the detriment of his health. 
 
 Carteret was tried in New York for exercising jurisdiction. 
 Jury's verdict, "Not guilty." 
 
 The Deputies of New Jersey answered the demands of Andros 
 by claiming their rights as free-born Englishmen under Magna 
 Charta, as against any King's Letters Patents granted to the 
 Duke of York. An appeal was made to the Home Government 
 in England. 
 
 Gov. Carteret, on his return to Elizabeth, stretched his authority 
 to the utmost. The Deputies re-asserted their original rights 
 under the concessions of 1665. Carteret dissolved the Assem- 
 bly. These continued disputes caused some to withdraw from 
 the settlement. But the colonists were forming more and more 
 clearly their convictions as to their rights and the constitutional 
 principles of self-rule. 
 
 1680 — Sir George Carteret died. A new administration of East New 
 Jersey became necessary. His widow was made executrix of 
 his estate, becoming the Lady Proprietrix of the Province. 
 
 1681 — John Ogden of Elizabeth Town died, a man worthy to rank 
 with the Pilgrim Fathers, the acknowledged pioneer of the 
 town, a pillar of church and State. 
 
 1682 — Lady Carteret and trustees sold East New Jersey to the highest 
 bidder, viz.. William Penn and eleven others, twelve proprietors, 
 mostly Quakers, for three thousand four hundred pounds. 
 These twelve proprietors took partners, making twenty-four 
 proprietors, called the London Company. Some of them were 
 Scotch. 
 
 1682 — March 14. A fresh grant was made by the Duke of York to 
 these twenty- four proprietors. "One proprietor was thus ex- 
 changed for twenty-four, and the Cavalier for the Quaker rule." 
 
 1682 — Robert Barclay, a Quaker proprietor in favor with William Penn, 
 was made Governor of New Jersey for life, with the privilege 
 of ruling by deputy. He appointed Thomas Rudyard, one of 
 the proprietors, as his deputy. Rudyard took up his residence in 
 Elizabeth Town, November 13, 1682. 
 
14 
 
 Former Governor Philip Carteret died December, 1682. 
 The long contest of the Carteret regime with the people was 
 at an end. Rudyard brought with him kind and conciliatory 
 letters to the planters, as the colonists were called. "He was a 
 man of amiable instincts and courteous demeanor, representing 
 not the lordly Cavalier, but a trading association of Quakers, 
 plain, unassuming men, who had themselves suffered much 
 from the Crown." 
 1682 — The four original counties of New Jersey, laid out in 1682, 
 
 were Bergen, Essex, Middlesex and Monmouth. 
 1683 — July. And yet something went wrong, for Gov. Barclay ap- 
 pointed Gawen Lawrie (Lowrie), one of the proprietors, his 
 deputy for East New Jersey in place of Rudyard. 
 There was still dispute about land titles. The proprietors 
 advised Gov. Lawrie "to use all means of gentleness and tender- 
 ness with the people, not standing much upon small matters. '^ 
 He did so. 
 1683 — Charles H recognized the title of the twenty-four proprietors. 
 1684 — The ''killing time" in Scotland caused many to flee to New 
 
 Jersey. 1 
 
 1684 — August I. A Board of Commissioners, known as The Board of 
 Proprietors, was established to act with the deputy-governor 
 and Assembly in settling disputes and establishing titles to land. 
 This board was empowered to establish a new town to be called 
 "Perth" in honor of the Earl of Perth, one of the new Quaker 
 proprietors. Lord High Chancellor of Scotland. 
 This town was known as Perth Amboy and became the seat of 
 government of the Province when the General Assembly of the 
 people met here in 1686. 
 1685 — The Assembly met for the last time at Elizabeth Town, which 
 then ceased to be the seat of government. Perth Amboy was 
 more removed from the traditions of the Carteret regime and 
 nearer to the Quaker population of Shrewsbury and the Rahway 
 valley. 
 1686 — The Assembly met at Perth Amboy, the new seat of government. 
 Records of warrants and surveys from 1673 to 1738 are still 
 kept there. The Board of Proprietors still meet there. 
 The English Proprietary Rule from 1660 to 1686 was an experi- 
 ment in government by a land company formed to "plant" the new 
 country over the sea. The problem of giving and taking title to land 
 in a newly discovered continent, inhabited by natives of a dififerent 
 race and of a different stage of development, was the great problem 
 of the time, solved by no scheme of absolute moral justice. 
 
 There was no one then living who could foresee the future or com- 
 prehend all that was involved in the transactions of the day. and the 
 monarchial feudal system of Europe's past was inadequate to the new 
 situation and the ideas and spirit of the new age. Some confusion 
 inevitably resulted from the strange circumstances as well as from the 
 
IS 
 
 conflicts of nationalities and the varying standards and moral principles 
 of the many individuals concerned. But New Jersey claims that, for 
 the ideas prevalent at the time, her title to the new land was acquired 
 by just bargain and payment, and not by conquest and robbery. 
 
 If time and space permitted, much interesting discussion of this 
 question of land titles acquired, under the Crown of England, through 
 purchase from the original inhabitants, might be quoted from sources 
 such as the opinion of Chief Justice Marshall, or a monograph by Adrian 
 Lyon, present registrar of the proprietors, or a series of articles by the 
 late Chancellor Magie. 
 
 But through all the bickering and dickering of the times, it is to be 
 noted that an honest efifort was being made to establish a new social 
 system upon a foundation of law rather than by conquest of arms 
 and superior force. 
 
 1684 — Gov. Lawrie wrote home glowing accounts of the new country. 
 Others were writing enthusiastic letters to the old country about 
 the charms of New Jersey. "It is not strange, Biancroft, 
 "that many Scottish Presbyterians of virtue, education, and cour- 
 age, blending a love of liberty with religious enthusiasm, came to 
 East New Jersey in such numbers as to give to the rising common- 
 wealth a character which a century and a half has not effaced." 
 Lawrie continue to reside in Elizabethtown, notwithstanding 
 instructions from the Proprietors, directing him to make Perth 
 Amboy his capital. 
 
 After four years of Quaker rule and great expense in bringing 
 over colonists the Proprietors were disappointed in results. Law- 
 rie, like Rudyard, was thought to be too intent on his personal 
 interests in taking up the best lands for himself. Settlers holding 
 lands by Indian title had not surrendered title to the new Pro- 
 prietors and were slow in paying the land rental demanded. A 
 new deputy must be appointed, but not a Quaker, this time. The 
 Presbyterians are gaining the ascendancy. To please them Lord 
 Neill Campbell is appointed in 1686. 
 1685 — Here we must turn back the hand of time to note that on the 
 death of Charles 11, his brother, the Duke of York, became 
 James II of England. 
 1687 — Lord Neill Campbell relinquished his post as governor of East 
 New Jersey and left Captain Andrew Hamilton in charge of the 
 government. 
 
 James the Second, formerly Duke of York, soon took occasion to 
 settle old scores with New Jersey. He made a decree, 
 1688 — Ap. 7, that the two Jerseys and New York be united with New 
 England under the rule of Andros * * * the whole to be known 
 as "New England." 
 
 The East New Jersey Proprietors were compelled to give up their 
 right of jurisdiction. 
 
 Andros appointed Capt. Francis Nicholson Lieutenant Governor 
 of New Jersey, and he took up his residence at Elizabethtown, 
 
i6 
 
 by which it appears that it was still regarded as the capital of the 
 
 Province. (3ctoI:)er 15. 1688. 
 
 The people seem to have been pleased again at a change in the 
 
 government, having had enough of the Proprietary rule of the 
 
 Quakers. 
 
 1688 — New Jersey, as part of New England, is now a Royal Province, 
 ruled by a governor appointed by the Crown. 
 
 1689 — Tames II was deposed. William of Orange was made king of 
 England. The reign of William and Mary. 
 William Penn had been very friendly with the Duke of York who 
 became James 11. The Quakers of New Jersey remained loyal to 
 James II, hence called "Iacol;ites." The antagonism of political 
 parties in the Old World had its counterpart of the New World. 
 The Orange Mountains and the towns called Orange must have 
 taken their names from William of Orange. 
 
 l6c)o — The Quaker Proprietors re-asserted their right to rule, which 
 they were compelled to surrender to James II in 1688. 
 
 l6go — Gov. Hamilton left the country. Although retained in office by 
 Andros. under James II, on the accession of William of Orange, 
 he ceased to be regarded as governor. ?Te was really nothing 
 more than President of the Board of Proprietors, acting as deputy 
 governor, 
 
 i5go — Robert Barclay, for the last eight years of his life nominal gov- 
 ernor of East Jersey, died October 3, 1690. 
 
 Hamilton arrived in England and laid before his fellow-proprie- 
 tors the state of affairs in New Jersey. 
 
 i5g2 — Complications followed. Finally Hamilton was appointed gov- 
 ernor in 1692, and was so received by the people. 
 
 i5g2 — Bv an Act of the Assembly the bounds of townships were defined. 
 Elizabethtown took in Union county, parts of Somerset, Hun- 
 terdon, Morris, Warren and Sussex counties, including Morris- 
 town, Stanhope, Schooley's IMountain, and Newton. It almost 
 included Dover — but there was no Dover then. 
 There were disputes about land titles. Some settlers claimed title 
 bv purchase from Indians. The Proprietors did not admit such 
 titles. The king and his Council reserved the decision of the 
 Board of Proprietors in a test case and confirmed the Indian titles 
 acquired under Gov. Nicolls. 
 
 The people of the Province then wished to be rid of the Proprie- 
 tary rule and come under the direct rule of the king, William of 
 Orange. Petitions were sent to the king. 
 
 ;i6q8 — Finally Gov. Hamilton was superseded by Jeremiah Basse, in 
 April. More complications followed. 
 
 The people of New Jersey formulated their complaints in peti- 
 tions to the Crown. 
 
 jyo2 — Finally, April 17, 1702, the twenty- four Proprietors surrendered 
 the right of government to Queen Anne, who succeeded to the 
 throne of England on the death of William of Orange, 1702. 
 
17 
 
 She re-united the two provinces of West and East New Jersey 
 in one province and made her cousin, Edward Hyde, Lord 
 Cornbury, governor of the combined province of New York and 
 New Jersey. And so New Jersey remained a Royal Province 
 until the Declaration of Independence, 1776. The combined 
 colonies were called "New England." 
 1703 — In May, 1703, on the arrival of the royal commission, the Pro- 
 prietary Government of East New Jersey was brought to a per- 
 petual end. 
 
 Under the Dutch the English settlers had been denied all share 
 in the government. The first concessions of the Duke of York 
 granted them freedom of conscience, political freedom, and a 
 legislature of which the popular branch was chosen directly by 
 the people. To this legislature was committed the making of 
 laws and the laying of taxes, thus establishing early in New Jersey 
 the principle of no taxation without representation. We have 
 seen that in 1674 there was a recall of these rights. 
 Much of the discontent and trouble of these times was caused 
 by the quit-rent system of the British Colonies, which became a 
 contributory cause of the American Revolution. By that revo- 
 lution all feudal restraints upon the land were abolished and the 
 right of absolute ownership in the soil was established — a signifi- 
 cant aspect of our law of real property. (See Bond's Quit-Rent 
 System in the American Colonies.) 
 
 From 1702 to 1776 New Jersey was ruled by colonial Governors 
 appointed by the Crown. In this period Dover began its career. 
 
 THE ENGLISH COLONIAL GOVERNORS 
 
 1702-1708 — Lord Cornbury, governor of New England, including New 
 York and New Jersey, His rule was not satisfactory to the peo- 
 ple and in 1708 he was recalled. The royal governor, and others 
 before, showed too great a tendency to exploit the Province for 
 their personal benefit rather than to promote the real interests of 
 the people. 
 John Lovelace, the next governor, died soon. 
 
 1710 — Ingoldsby was governor until 1710. Then came Gov. Hunter. 
 
 1 7 14 — Queen Anne died. George I became king. 
 
 1720 — Gov. William Burnet was appointed. He removed to Boston, 
 1727. 
 
 1722 — Dover, under Gov. Burnet and George I, was founded by John 
 Jackson, who set up an iron forge here. Jackson's Forge. 
 
 1727 — George I died. George II became king. 
 
 1 727- 1 73 1 — John Montgomery was governor. 
 
 1 73 1 -1 736 — William Cosby was governor. At his death John Ander- 
 son was governor for two weeks. Then John Hamilton for two 
 years. 
 
 1738 — Lewis Morris was appointed governor of New Jersey, separate 
 from New York. He died 1746. 
 
i8 
 
 1739 — Morris County was set off from Hunterdon County, and named 
 
 after the new governor. Jackson's Forge, up to this time, had 
 
 been in Hunterdon County. 
 1746 — John Hamilton, President of His Majestie's Council, became 
 
 governor. He died soon. 
 
 John Reading, President of the Council, acted as governor until 
 
 "1747- 
 
 1746 — Princeton College chartered at Elizabeth. Rev. Jonathan Dickin- 
 son of that town was its first president. It was removed to 
 Newark and then to Princeton. 
 
 1747 — Jonathan Belcher, former governor of Massachusetts and of New 
 Hampshire, was appointed governor. He came from Boston, 
 published his commission, August 10, at Perth Amboy. the capi- 
 tal, met the Legislature at Burlington, soon became a resident of 
 Burlington. He was a New England Puritan and did not like 
 the Quaker ways which prevailed at Burlington. He had to 
 drive with his coach and four, twenty miles to Philadelphia to 
 attend a church of his liking on Sunday. In 1750. September 
 26, while attending a commencement of the College of New Jer- 
 sey at Newark, he had a stroke of paralysis. Wishing a change 
 of air, he removed his residence to Elizabethtown in September, 
 1751. His goods (and the smallpox) were brought by sloops, 
 from Burlington. He occupied a house in Jersey Street, later 
 the home of Dr. Charles Davis, grandfather of the author of 
 "Dover Dates." 
 
 Elizabethtown thus became again the "seat of government," it 
 seems, from 1751 until 1757, when the governor died, overcome 
 by his infirmities and the excitement of the French and Indian 
 War. He was one of the most notable of the colonial governors 
 of New Jersey. 
 
 The government devolved for a time upon Lieutenant-Governor 
 Pownall, governor of Massachusetts, who shortly prevailed upon 
 John Reading, President of the Council, to act as governor — as 
 usual. 
 
 1758 — Francis Bernard became governor. Bernardsville bears his name. 
 
 1760 — Thomas Boone became governor. Boon-ton bears his name. 
 Josiah Hardy was the next governor. 
 
 1760 — George II died. George III became King. 
 
 ^7^3 — William Franklin, son of Benjamin Franklin, became governor. 
 
 He was the last royal governor. The Revolutionary War changed 
 
 everything. Henceforth Jerseymen would have to settle their own 
 
 troubles in their own way. 
 
 We have now traced the English proprietary government of New 
 
 Jersey to its close in 1703, and given a brief review of the English 
 
 Colonial Governors to 1776. 
 
 We have seen that Dover was founded in 1722 in the reign of 
 
 George the First of England ; that Wm. Burnet was then governor of 
 
 New England, which then included New York and New Jersey; that 
 
19 
 
 the capital of this greater New England was New York City ; and that 
 
 Dover, for the first fourteen years of its existence, was in Hunterdon 
 
 County. Dover was not born with a silver spoon in its mouth, but with 
 
 a hammer in its hand. 
 
 1 710 — to 1 719. Colonel Robert Hunter, governor of New York. He 
 was a Scotchman, a friend of Steele, Addison, Swift and the 
 literati of that day. He was appointed by Addison, who was 
 then Under-Secretary of State. He rejoiced in the title of Cap- 
 tain General, Governor-in-Chief of the provinces of New York 
 and New Jersey and territories thereunto belonging, and Vice- 
 Admiral and Chancellor of the same. Of him John Fiske says: 
 "He was the ablest and best of the English governors since 
 Richard Nicolls." 
 
 1713-14 — Hunterdon County was set off and named in honor of this 
 popular .rrovernor, who had acquired large lands there. 
 In Fiske's "Dutch and Quaker Colonies of America" will be 
 found graphic sketches of the colonial governors. 
 
 1719 — Trenton took its name from William Trent, who built mills on the 
 Delaware. 
 
 1720 — to 1728 — Gov. William Burnet, a god-son of William of Orange, 
 who stood sponsor for him and gave him his name. He was 
 said to be "a man of gay and condescending disposition, the 
 delight of men of sense and learning, and the admired friend of 
 the ladies." Dover began its career under his political star. 
 
 1728 — The Lenni Lenape Indians moved west, but several thousand 
 of them remained in Pennsylvania until a few years later, 
 
 SUNDAY SCHOOL 
 
 1747 — As early as 1747 a Sunday School was established at Ephrata, 
 Pa., by Ludwig Hacker, a German Seventh-day Baptist. This 
 was 35 years before the one instituted in England by Robert 
 Raikes. 
 
 1786 — A Sunday School was established in Virginia. 
 
 1809 — Rev. Mr. Steele, Presbyterian, opened a Sunday School in Pitts- 
 burgh, Pa., in the Court House. 
 
 1812 — A Sunday School was opened in Hackettstown, in the Presby- 
 terian Church. 
 
 181 5 — A Sunday School was established by Rev. Burr Baldwin in the 
 Old Academy, Newark. 
 
 1816 — Rev. Barnabas King, of Rockaway, organized a Sunday School 
 in Dover. 
 
 Springfield, Madison and Woodbridge followed. 
 See Mellick's Story of an Old Farm. 
 
 THE INDIANS 
 
 The Lenni Lenape Indians, totemic tribes of the Turtle, the Turkey, 
 and the Wolf, occupied parts of New Jersey. They were eventually 
 subjugated by the Iroquis Indians of New York State and degraded from 
 
20 
 
 being independent warriors to the status of "women." In 1755, during 
 the French and Indian War, Sir Wm. Johnson restored them to their 
 fighting status as "men" again. 
 
 The Indians in their day, enjoyed our picturesque streams and 
 glens and wooded hills. Doubtless Indian Falls was a favorite haunt of 
 theirs and they must have known and used the pleasant water of the 
 spring in Hurd Park. Lake Hopatcong was a resort to which they 
 flocked with delight. They marked out the early trails through forest 
 and over hill and dale, of which the Minisink path was the most notable. 
 It led from the sea at Shrewsbury Inlet and crossed the Raritan river 
 two or three miles above its mouth, passing through the eastern and 
 northern part of New Jersey to IMinisink Island in the Delav/are river. 
 No doubt it had something to do with establishing the early communica- 
 tion between Shrewsbury and Dover to which the Quaker element in 
 our history bears witness. Many Indian arrow heads have been found 
 in our fields. The Indians knew the black stone or heavy stone, as 
 they called the ore of Succasunna. 
 
 (From "Historic Trenton" by Louise Hewitt. 1916. The Smith 
 Press, Trenton, N. J.) 
 1680 — Mahlon Stacy arrived. 
 
 1685 — Trenton called Ye Falles of Ye De La Ware. 
 1714 — Wm. Trent l>ought property. 
 1 719 — Court held at Trenton. 
 
 1724 — Wm. Trent came to Ye Falles of Ye De La Ware. 
 1724 — Trenton became seat of Supreme Court. 
 1726 — First Presbyterian Church built. 
 1734 — Postal service established. 
 
 1738 — First Stage Wagon — two trips a week to New Brunswick 
 1739 — Friends Mortgage House built. 
 1740 — Royal Giarter from George II. 
 1^750 — First steel mill in United States erected and owned by Benj. 
 
 Yard. 
 
 (Compare with Gov. Belcher's Report to Parliament.) 
 1750 — The Trenton Library established. 
 
 (Above data relating to our State Capital are inserted for 
 
 comparison with Dover Dates.) 
 
 EARLY RETURNS 
 
 1698 — In 1698 Jeremiah Basse was made governor of New Jersey, under 
 William and Mary. Many deeds are recorded as of "Basse's 
 Book of Surveys." 
 
 1713 — Among such deeds is one made out. May 19th, 1713. to Joseph 
 Latham, for 527 acres in what is nov/ Mine Hill, and recorded 
 in Basse's Book of Surveys, page 80, the survey being made by 
 John Reading, General Surveyor, by virtue of an order from 
 Daniel Leeds, one of the surveyors general of the western divi- 
 sion of the province of New Jersey surveys. 
 
 1710-1715 — The Proprietors of West New Jersey, owners in common, 
 
21 
 
 allotted themselves as individual holderf large tracts of land 
 called "returns," which were surveyed, legated, and recorded on 
 the books. 
 
 Wm. Penn and Joseph Kirkbride took up returns as far as Dover 
 and Rockaway. Titles were derived from locations on the East 
 New Jersey right after the dividing line was settled in 1676. The 
 Latham deed appears to be classed under the "Western division 
 of the province." Locations or returns were mostly on streams 
 and meadow land, as at Mill Brook, Dover and Rockaway. 
 As late as 1693 much of our present Morris County (then part 
 of Hunterdon County) was included in the bounds of Elizabeth- 
 town. These bounds were more definitely fixed by the Assembly 
 in 1693, having been first described in 1664. 
 1 713 — William Schooley, of Schooley's Mountain, bought about 600 
 acres near Dover, including Mill Brook, which was named, no 
 doubt, from the grist mill set up on the stream — the first one in 
 these parts. A flourishing settlement sprang up at Mill Brook, 
 with various industrial activities, before Dover had become more 
 than a hamlet. At Mill Brook were to be found, in due time, 
 besides the grist mill, a fulling mill, a rope walk, a hat factory, an 
 oil mill, a Quaker shoemaker, a blacksmith, a sawmill, probably, 
 a forge, and (if we include the neighborhood known as 
 "Randolph") a school, a church, farming, a store, a butcher. 
 A cooperage was also established at Mill Brook, carried on 
 by David Tuttle and commemorated by Theodore F. Mott 
 in a poem entitled "The Deserted Cottage." But this brings 
 us to the nineteenth century. It was to the blacksmith in 
 Mill Brook that Gen. Winds traded in his "Soard" for two- 
 and-six-pence in 1782. 
 
 John Reading took up the Dickerson Mine tract on West Jersey 
 right. 
 171 5 — Wm. Penn took up a return, including the Munson farm, later 
 
 the residence of Leonard Elliott, just inside of Dover limits. 
 1 716 — John Reading sold the Dickerson Mine tract to Joseph Kirkbride. 
 Before that everybody came and helped themselves to the ore, 
 shoveling it from the open cut. The streams, the waterfalls, the 
 easily available ore. the woodland furnishing coal (charcoal), 
 made this an attractive investment. 
 
 And now these extended "preliminaries" are bringing us to the 
 birth of Dover. 
 
 THE FOUNDING OF DOVER 
 1722 — May 31. nine years after Joseph Latham acquired title to his tract 
 of 527 acres in Mine Hill, he sold it to John Jackson, "son of 
 James Jackson of Flushing in Queens county on Nashaw Island, 
 yeoman." The original deed was in the possession of Mr. James 
 H. Neighbour in 1914 and is shown in full of the text in Dover 
 History, pages 453-4. With the property therein described was 
 conveyed in some way or title was assumed to a forge site on 
 
22 
 
 Jackson's Brook where Singleton's silk mill stands to-day, above 
 iiurd Park. Here Jackson set up the second iron forge in the 
 county in 1722, building himself a log cabin and becoming the 
 first known settler, The Founder of Dover. From this date we 
 count two hundred years to 1922. 
 
 The extensive woodland on his 527 acres doubtless was pur- 
 chased to keep him in wood from which charcoal could be made 
 for use in his forge fire. His house was probably near his 
 forge — possibly near that good spring of water in Hurd Park, 
 there being no city reservoir at that date, you understand. This 
 country was then a wilderness. Remember that Blackwell street 
 was not then in existence. Bridle paths were the routes of travel. 
 In picturing the landscape leave out the Morris canal and the 
 Pine Terrace Inn. Let our local artist paint the scene with two 
 log cabins near the spring and the great forge-hammer wheel in 
 the background. 
 
 From that day Dover has "forged ahead." "Forge ahead !" might 
 well be her slogan. 
 
 Much of the preceding history is summarized from Hatfield's His- 
 tory of Elizabeth and other sources. The history of the tide-water 
 settlements, such as Elizabeth, Newark and Perth Amboy leads up to 
 the history of Dover and gives us Dover's historical perspective. At 
 first settlements were made at tide-water for ease of access by ships, that 
 persons and supplies might reach these towns when waterways were the 
 only ways of travel, and for security from the Indians, provoked by the 
 Dutch. Later relations with the Indians were more peaceful, and lands 
 were obtained from them by purchase, under the Nicoll's patent. The 
 first purchasers of large tracts would sell to others. This caused trouble 
 with the Quaker Proprietors who gave independent title, as proprietors, 
 to lands previously acquired through Indian purchase, and tried to col- 
 lect rents from settlers who acquired lands under the first proprietors, 
 as referred to elsewhere. 
 
 The family names that are found in the early history of Elizabeth 
 and Newark and the Quaker settlements of the Perth Amboy region are 
 found later at frequent intervals among the inland towns, reaching 
 Dover in due time. Hence Dover history may be regarded as beginning 
 in these tide-water settlements and in these preliminary facts and dates 
 that have been given. 
 
 The following names occur in the early history of Elizabeth. How 
 many of them do you recognize as appearing later in the history of 
 Dover and vicinity? They came chiefly from Long Island and Con- 
 necticut. The same names may be found in Connecticut to this day, 
 for some members of the family remained there. 
 
 NAMES:— Andrews, Bailey, Baker, Beach, Benedict, Blackwell, 
 Burnet, Bryant, Brant. Berry, Bonnell, Blanchard, Qark. Cramer, Crane, 
 Curtis. Dickinson, Egbert, Freeman, Harris, Headley, Johnson, Jones, 
 Kerr, Lambert, Lyon, Marsh, Meeker, Megie, Mellin, More, Ogden, 
 Osborne, Parker, Pierson, Price, Runyon, Searing, Shotwell, Thomp- 
 
23 
 
 son, Tucker, Tuttle, White, Whitehead, Watson, Wines or Winds, 
 Wood, Woodruff, Young, Carter, Gray, Skillman, Morse, Haynes, Peck, 
 Spinning, Ross, Lawrence, Morris, Wilson, Barber and others. 
 
 Among the founders of Newark we find such names as : Bruen, 
 Camfield, Kitchell, Baldwin, Day, Albers, Tomkins, Crane, Lyon, 
 Browne, Freeman, Treat, Pennington, Davis, Riggs, Curtis, Burwell, 
 Denison, Wheeler, Bond, Ward, Blachley, Plum, Lawrence, Harrison, 
 Pierson, Johnson, Catlin, Rose, Swaine, Ball, Morris, Tichenor. 
 
 THE CAPITALS OF EAST NEW JERSEY FROM 1665 TO 1790 
 
 The following memorandum was made out from scattered refer- 
 ences in Hatfield's History of Elizabeth. No complete statement like 
 this is found in any of the books on New Jersey. 
 
 Elizabeth Town 
 Perth Amboy 
 Elizabeth Town 
 
 New York 
 
 Perth Amboy 
 Elizabeth Town 
 
 Trenton 
 
 1665— 1686 
 1686 — 1702 
 1688 
 
 Gov. Philip Carteret resided there. 
 
 Perth Amboy 1738 — 1747 
 
 Ehzabeth Town 175 1 — 1757 
 
 Elizabeth Town 1783 — 1790 
 
 Lieut.-Gov. Nicholson was appointed 
 by Gov. Andros of New York to rule 
 East Jersey. He resided in Elizabeth. 
 
 1703 — 1738 When New Jersey was part of New 
 England. East and West Jersey 
 united. 
 1722 — Dover founded. 
 
 Gov. Belcher, coming from Boston, 
 stopped here to present his commission. 
 
 Gov. Belcher resided there, in house 
 on Jersey street, now owned by War- 
 ren R. Dix, Esq. 
 
 After the death of Gov. Belcher. 
 
 The home of the War Governor, Wm. 
 Livingston; but he did not dare live 
 there, for fear of attack by British. 
 Had to wander, like David, in hiding. 
 
 Gov. Livingston returned to his home, 
 Liberty Hall, in 1783. 
 He died July 25, 1790. 
 
 November 25, made capital by Act of 
 Legislature. 
 
 1758— 1776 
 1776— 1783 
 
 1790 
 
 Gov. Lewis Morris had his home near Trenton. After the Revo- 
 lution New Jersey tried to have the Capital of the United States located 
 at Trenton. To please the Southern States it was located nearer them. 
 
 Burlington was the Capital of West New Jersey, 1677. After the 
 establishment of Perth Amboy as the Capital of East New Jersey it 
 was arranged that Legislature should meet in alternate years at Perth 
 Amboy and Burlington. 
 
24 
 
 T^Iellick's "Story of an Old Farm" tells much about the guberna- 
 torial tradition and splendor of Perth Amboy. 
 
 Shrewsbury was, in early times, a sort of Quaker capital and resi- 
 dential center of the wealthy and influential members of the Quaker sect. 
 1722 — Ore from the Dickerson ]\Iine was brought down to the forge in. 
 saddle bags. The blooms were bent into the shape of a letter U 
 to fit over the back of a horse or mule and were so transported' 
 to Elizabethtown port, to be shipped by water. 
 1730 — Iron works were established at Rockaway. 
 
 1740 — General European War. England against Spain and France. 
 America becomes a sea power, aiding England. 
 
 1741 — A petition was presented to Governor Morris, asking that the 
 duties imposed on iron by the British government be removed. 
 This is a hint of the financial difficulties that gathered like a cloud 
 over the head of our pioneer iron master, John Jackson, now about 
 forty years old. 
 
 1744 — Henry Brotherton, the grandfather of Richard, bought 125 acres 
 of the Kirkbride estate, and in 1753 his brother, James Brother- 
 ton, bought 200 or 300 acres on Mine Hill, of the same estate. 
 Henry Brotherton was born in 1724. 
 
 1745 — May 30. Joseph Shotwell bought from the Proprietors, 91 acres 
 of land (beginning at a house with lower part of brick, on West 
 Blackwell street, beyond the viaduct), taking in the main 
 business part of present-day Dover. 
 The Shotwells are an extensive Quaker family. 
 Soon iron works, together with a forge, were in operation on the- 
 Rockaway river. About this period of time we meet with refer- 
 ences to the "Quaker Iron Works." 
 
 1748 — There was a Quaker meeting conducted at Lamson's farm, south 
 of Dover, before the present Quaker Church building was put up. 
 On the map of 1832 Morris street is indicated as "The Road to- 
 Lamson's Farm." 
 
 1748 — 1750 — There was a great advance in the iron trade. 
 
 1749 — Middle Forge was set up at Picatinny by Jonathan Osborn. 
 
 1750 — An Act of the English Parliament forbade the colonists to set up- 
 rolling mills or to manufacture iron into articles of use. They 
 must ship it to England in the bloom. The English manufac- 
 turers would produce the articles of commerce made from iron 
 and then send these back to the colonists to be sold for a price 
 that would cover all expense of such double and distant trans- 
 portation. To this the colonists objected. Whatever manufac- 
 turing they did had to be done in secret and the iron business 
 received a great setback, if not a complete quietus. 
 Gov. Belcher reported to Encdand that there was only one iron 
 mill in New Jersey (one at Trenton), and that diligent search 
 revealed no others. 
 
25 
 
 1734 — 'to 1750 was the period of "The Great Awakening" — George 
 Whitefield and Jonathan Edwards were friends of Gov. Belcher 
 and were entertained at his house in EHzabeth. 
 John Jackson was compelled to sell out at sherifif's sale in 1753, 
 and his farm and woodland, the ^2"] acres, was bought by Harts- 
 horne Fitz Randolph, a well-to-do Quaker of Monmouth county, 
 for about five hundred pounds. It seems to have been a case of 
 getting back an equivalent for moneys advanced as loans or other- 
 wise, as was the case later, when Blackwell and jMcFarlan took 
 over the property of Canfield & Losey. 
 
 THE NAME 
 
 John Jackson is said to have gone to West Virginia, where the 
 town of Jackson was named for him. an honor which did not 
 fall to the lot of Dover. Dover is thought to have gained its 
 name from Moses Hurd, the first associate of Jackson in Dover, 
 who is said to have come from Dover, New Hampshire. But 
 there seems to be some uncertainty about it. The town once had 
 the name of "Old Tye," which remains unaccounted for. 
 
 1753 — When Jackson left Dover (1753?) we do not know that this place 
 was known by that name. Nor do we know the exact date of 
 the name Old Tye and its continuance in use. But the name 
 "Dover" is found in an old account book, in a reference to "the 
 Dover Store," January 13, 179S. See Dover History, page 477. 
 The name "Old Tye," as applied to Dover, has puzzled antiquar- 
 ians. Its origin is a subject of conjecture. Let us again consult 
 the oracle of Morris county history, Rev. Joseph Tuttle. 
 
 1776 — In 1776, Gen. Winds (then Lieut-Colonel) and many men from 
 this part of New Jersey were at Ticonderoga, New York. Among 
 them was one Joseph Tuttle, who kept a diar}^ in Vv'hich he con- 
 stantly refers to Ticonderoga as "Tie." October 11, 1776, he 
 writes, "Col. Winds made application to go home, but no suc- 
 cess by reason of the senior ofiicers devilish lies told to the Gen'l; 
 the old Col. is shamefully alnised and belied." Nov. 5th and 6th 
 he notes that Col. Winds got an order to "be oft" and left Ticon- 
 deroga with 105 men of our Battalion, some say with scandal, 
 but Col. Winds says with honor. On the basis of such memo- 
 randa we may venture a guess. Some old soldier, returning 
 from this expedition, may have referred to his experiences so 
 frequently or in such a way as to gain the nickname "Old Tye," 
 and if he lived here, as Gen. Winds did, the name may have 
 passed over to this locality. Perhaps both names, Old Tye and 
 Dover, were synchronous for a while, and Dover "won out" 
 after 1790. 
 
2(i 
 
 Mr. Canfield has shown me a map published in 1777, from sur- 
 veys made in 1769. On this map we find "BEMEN'S" where 
 Dover should be. "Beman's" is referred to in a letter of 1790 
 written by Jacob Losey. 
 
 1756 — 63 — French and Indian War. 
 
 1756 — The sheriflf's sale and the advent of Hartshorne Fitz Randolph 
 
 mark the end of the first period of Dover's history. Close upon 
 this followed the advent of another notable man, General Winds 
 (or Wines), who came to East Dover from Southold, Long 
 Island, in 1756. He bought a farm of 275 acres from Thomas 
 and Richard Penn. situated where the Delaware, Lackawanna 
 and Western carshops used to be. He was a dominant char- 
 acter in the county, as has been so well shown by Rev. Joseph 
 F. Tuttle, D.D., in a biographical sketch of this "hero of Morris 
 county." 
 
 1757 — Following General Winds came his brother-in-law, Josiah Bea- 
 man, who purchased, in 1757, the forge and dwelling of John 
 Jackson, situated in Dover. We conclude that by this time Jack- 
 son had left or did leave Dover. Beaman also bought from 
 Shotwell 107 acres in Dover, mostly north of the river. We find 
 in Dover History, page 475, that Josiah Beaman acquired the 
 "plantation" known as the Baker Homestead at Mt. Pleasant 
 at some time subsequent to 1774 and sold it to Jeremiah Baker 
 in 1792, when he sold his iron works in Dover to Canfield & 
 Losey. 
 
 1758 — The "Old Quaker Church" bearing this date is a well-known 
 landmark. It stands facing "The Great Road," as mentioned in 
 the deed of land, and occupies a commanding site with a magni- 
 ficent view. The Quakers could not foresee the coming of the 
 canal and the railroad, but they located along the great thorough- 
 fare of their day, and chose the finest upland of this region for 
 their farms and their rural community of Randolph. 
 Continuing the memoranda of these early settlers which have 
 been so carefully gathered by Dr. Tuttle and published in his 
 "Centennial Collections of Morris County," we observe that the 
 Quaker community on the hills south of Dover kept growing. 
 Henry and Richard Brotherton, two brothers, and Richard Dell, 
 married daughters of William Schooley, of Schooley's Mountain. 
 Dell removed from Schooley's Mountain in 1759, to a tract of 
 land which he purchased from the heirs of Wm. Penn. His 
 son, Thomas Dell, bought land of the Kirkbride heirs in 1786. 
 Daniel Carrell settled at Center Grove in 1739, on lot No. 7, 
 Kirkbride Division. 
 
 1761 — There is a note to the eflfect that one Joseph Prudden sold land 
 in Dover to Josiah Beaman in 1761. 
 
THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR 
 
 1754-63 — Turning back our historical searchlight, we must note that the 
 French and Indian War was going on from 1754 to 1763. Men 
 from this vicinity enlisted and went north to aid in the conquest 
 of Canada. Gen. Winds was one who was called upon to serve 
 in the field. To quote from Ashley's United States History, 
 "The French and Indian War decided the fate of the French 
 empire on the continent of North America." John Fiske believed 
 that "the triumph of Wolfe marks the greatest turning point as 
 yet discernible in modern history." Gen. Winds had a hand in 
 deciding this turning point, and other men from Dover were with 
 him. This is not the only "turning point" in world history in 
 which the men of Dover have had a hand. 
 
 1763 — The Peace of Paris gave England control of North America 
 east of the Mississippi, except Florida. 
 
 1765 — Following the French and Indian War the British Parliament, 
 under George III, passed the Stamp Act to recover the costs of 
 the war, in part at least, from the colonies. Stamps were required 
 on law papers, etc. The colonists resented this Act, Law papers 
 must be made out on stamped paper sold for the purpose. The 
 Sons of Liberty adopted the motto, "Liberty, Property, and no 
 Stamps." Patrick Henry stirred the people by his resolutions. 
 There was great excitement. 
 
 1765 — Gen. Winds, then Justice of the Peace, refused to use the 
 stamped paper in making out his legal documents and maintained 
 his independence by using birch bark. 
 
 This local incident of Dover was a prelude to the Boston Tea 
 Party of 1773, and points to the next great event in Dover history 
 as associated with the destiny of the nation, for the Colonies 
 became the United States of America as a result of the Declara- 
 tion of Independence in 1776. 
 
 1768 — John Jackson's brother, Joseph, is said to have bought part of 
 John's forge in 1768, selling it. next year, to his son Stephen 
 Jackson of "Mendom," who afterwards became owner of the 
 fine mill property at Rockaway, with large tracts of valuable 
 lands. He once had the honor of entertaining Gen. Washington 
 at his house. He was a man of great energy and died in 1812. 
 Rev. Joseph F. Tuttle thinks that Rockaway may have been 
 settled in 1725 — 30 by the building of a small forge. 
 
 1772 — The American colonies have great sea power. Help make Eng- 
 land an empire. 
 
 Richard Faesch bought up the Richard mine (named after him) 
 which was afterwards operated by the Dover Company of Can- 
 field & Losey, and by Blackwell & McFarlan, and sold by the 
 latter to the Thomas Iron Company in 1856. Mines and forges 
 are the backbone of Dover history. Further details can be found 
 in Munsell's History of Morris County and in the State Geo- 
 
28 
 
 J 776 — 1783, and New Jersey was no longer under a royal governor. 
 The Revolutionary War occupied the attention of Dover folks 
 from 1776 to 1783 and Morris County was particularly con- 
 cerned in the struggle because of the Winter Camps of Washing- 
 ton and the American army at Morristown. and because of the 
 demand for iron products in carrying on the battle for freedom. 
 Dr. Tuttle has been the intimate historian of the experiences of 
 Morris County people during the Revolution. The "Ballads of 
 New Jersey in the Revolution," based chiefly upon his local 
 sketches, further illustrates the times. 
 
 1779 — Jonathan Dickerson. in partnership with Minard Le Fevre, began 
 to buy out the Kirkbride interest in the Succasunna mine. 
 
 1790 — The following postoffices were established in New Jersey: Eliza- 
 beth, Newark. Princeton, Trenton, East Bridgeton (Rahway). 
 
 1 79 1 — Only six post offices in New Jersey. 
 
 1792 — The rage for building canals and turnpikes broke out. Reached 
 Dover later. 
 
 1793 — These postoffices were added : Amboy, Bridgeton, Morristown, 
 Rockaway (which then served for Dover), Woodbury, Woods- 
 town. 
 
 1792 — Canfield & Losey bought from Josiah Beaman the iron works in 
 Dover, situated on the Rockaway river. They built the dam. a 
 rolling mill, a slitting mill, a nail factory and also a dwelling 
 house for Mr. Losey. who lived in Dover and conducted the 
 business. In his house was a store and the first knov/n post office, 
 of which he was the postmaster, as testified by Mrs. Livermore. 
 Jacob Losey was her great uncle. This is the first mention of a 
 "Dover store." Israel Canfield acquired title to extensive min- 
 ing tracts outside of Dover in northern New Jersey. Mr. Losey's 
 garden was notable. He was the first to cultivate the tomato in 
 Dover. His hospitality famous. 
 
 1794 — 99 — In an old account book of Baker & Ludlow, at Mt. Pleasant, 
 are found the names of 173 persons living in Dover and vicinity, 
 trading at the store or named as members of the family of per- 
 sor.s having accounts there. Business had to be conducted in 
 English money, pounds, shillings and pence, even at that date. 
 The English colonial government had discouraged the circulation 
 of money and the habit of trading l)y barter had long been estab- 
 lished in the colonies. Also credit would be given by transfers 
 on the accounts of persons trading at the one store, in a manner 
 to supply, in a way, the use of bank checks. The entries in the 
 old books throw much light upon the habits and doings and 
 method of living of that day, as well as providing the nearest sub- 
 stitute for a census of the po]nilation with lists of family names. 
 It is said that Dover was at this time (end of the eighteenth cen- 
 tury) full of infidelity and wickedness. (Munsell). Followers 
 of Tom Paine disseminated his sentiments. Standards were low. 
 This was not limited to Dover, for at that time, after the Revolu- 
 
29 
 
 tionary War, French infidelity was rife in our States. The "Age 
 of Reason" affected this country as well as Europe. Dr. Dwight, 
 president of Yale College at that time, preached a series of ser- 
 mons on the evidences and claims of Christianity and did much 
 to stem the tide. 
 
 THE NINETEENTH CENTURY 
 
 By this time we see that Dover is an industrial town, and that 
 its prosperity is largely dependent on the mines by which it is sur- ji 
 
 rounded and the manufacture of the iron which they supply. In look- | 
 
 ing to the future, in planning to establish or to carry on a community, 
 present-day methods of efficiency would demand a study of those ele- 
 ments which belond to any well-developed community, and would 
 doubtless recognize as such elements — 
 
 1. Industry, or the means of making a living. 
 
 This involves the rendering of some service to the world of 
 which we are a part. 
 
 2. Communication with the outside world, by letter, by travel. 
 Hence roads. 
 
 3. Transportation : The means of carrying our products to dis- 
 tant places and of bringing back the products that we need. 
 Hence, more and better roads, canals, railroads — anything 
 that will carry — even airplanes. 
 
 4. A medium of exchange. Barter, or exchange of products, is 
 the foundation of trade; but a monetary and banking system 
 may facilitate business. 
 
 5. Family life, involving marriage and the home. 
 
 The industrial foundation of life is only a foundation on 
 which to rear the edifice, humanity. 
 
 6. Education, or the training of the young, demands a place in 
 the complete community. 
 
 Hence schools, teachers, books, a public library. 
 
 7. Furthermore, Religion is a part of life. Hence churches. 
 
 8. Entertainment and social life refuse to be overlooked. Hence, 
 places of recreation, outdoors and indoors. 
 
 9. Government and all departments of public welfare must be 
 provided for. Hence, municipal organization, public officers. 
 
 10. Protection of life and property call for a police force and a 
 fire department, to fight crime and fire. 
 
 11. Various public works are devised — water, gas, electricity. 
 Some of these affairs are conducted as private enterprises, 
 but they all enter into the history of a town. 
 
 12. A Court and a legal profession will administer the law. 
 
 13. Physicians will watch over life and health. 
 
 14. ?vlany kinds of private business, and of arts, trades, and 
 sciences will find a place. 
 
 15. In carrying on all these activities personal character is devel- 
 oped ; men and women make their mark on the common life of 
 their fellov/ citizens. Biography becomes a great part of his- 
 tory. 
 
30 
 
 When looking forward we may build ideals for each of these inter- 
 ests. In looking back through Dover history we may search for the 
 answer that Dover has given to all these demands of human life. When 
 we discover that answer we have the history of Dover. 
 
 To make that history complete is more than we can attempt in the 
 time and space available, but some contribution to such a history may be 
 outlined. History is not a mere mathematical statement of facts and 
 dates. Behind the dates lie countless episodes of comedy and tragedy, 
 and a ceaseless struggle between the forces of good and evil. There is 
 a constant wrestling to achieve destiny, a story of varying success and 
 failure. The dates are merely the frame of the map, marked off to 
 show latitude and longitude. 
 
 COMMERCE 
 
 We have traced the vicissitudes of the iron business of Dover from 
 1750 to 1792, showing how John Jackson was sold out in 1753. and how 
 others took up the work. We have also alluded to family history, to 
 world events, and the Revolutionary War as it was related to Dover and 
 this locality. The prosperity of Dover does not depend upon its own 
 industry alone. We cannot consume all our own iron. Our industries 
 must find outside markets. And such markets are affected by tariff 
 laws, embargoes, wars, peaceful industries of other places, finance, 
 thrift and enterprise the world over. 
 
 The water in the guage of a steam boiler pulsates with an up and 
 down movement (when the guage is in working order), that reveals the 
 level of the unseen water in the boiler ; and Dover, with its industries in 
 iron, becomes a guage of world conditions, indicated by its smoke 
 stacks. 
 
 For example, in 1783, after peace was declared with England, 
 British ships thronged our harbors, bringing British goods. United 
 States commerce suffered. In 1793, the United States, as a neutral 
 nation had a great opportunity for trade at sea when England was at war 
 with the French Republic, No doubt Canfield and Losey. of Dover, 
 profited by this. From 1789 to 1807 there was an unparalleled growth 
 of American shipping and trade. Dover iron, doubtless, had a share in 
 this prosperity. In 1803, the United States was the great carrier of 
 the world's goods by sea. In 1805 Jefferson's Embargo stopped the 
 commercial prosperity of the United States. In 1810, when the embargo 
 was lifted, the foreign commerce of the United States became very great, 
 during the Napoleonic war. In the War of 1812-14, the blockade of 
 the United States coast caused great distress. 
 
 An extended essay might be written on this theme — The Prosperity 
 of Dover as affected by world conditions during the past two centuries. 
 See Kraft & Moriss's "Sea Power in American History." 
 
31 
 
 TURNPIKES 
 
 1804 — The Union Turnpike was made from Morristown to Sparta, 
 
 1806 — The Washington Turnpike from Morristown to PhilHpsburg. 
 
 181 1 — The Newark and Morris Turnpike from South Orange to Mor- 
 ristown. These turnpikes had a great influence in developing the 
 resources of the country. 
 
 1812 — A branch of Union Turnpike from Dover to Ledgewood. 
 
 CIRCUIT-PREACHERS 
 
 1 801 — Methodist preachers tried to make an appointment to preach in 
 Dover, but were driven out by threats of a riot. 
 Early in this century circuit preaching was in vogue among 
 Quakers, Presbyterians and Methodists. People were engaged in 
 the struggle for a livelihood. Preachers had scattered parishes. 
 Meetings were held in barns and schoolhouses for want of a 
 regular church building, and at infrequent intervals. Phebe 
 Baker, at the age of ninety-nine, testified that the people attended 
 church in the old stone barn on the Chester road, and came gladly 
 to hear Mr. Sherman when the children brought word from 
 school that there would be preaching next Sunday. 
 
 1807 — Rev. Barnabas King was settled at Rockaway Presbyterian 
 Church, having for his parish Dover, Berkshire Valley, and 
 Sparta. Previous to this the church at Rockaway, although organ- 
 ized and partly finished, had services from time to time. People 
 from Dover would ride or walk to Rockaway to attend church or 
 religious meetings, the children walking barefoot to save their 
 shoes. Barnabas King was pastor for more than fifty years. Then 
 came Rev. Joseph F. Tuttle, D.D., author of the Centennial Col- 
 lections of Morris County. 
 
 1810 — Dover had ten to fifteen dwellings. 
 
 1812 — The War of 1812 grew out of embargoes on sea traffic. In 
 Dover By ram Pruden was probably the last veteran of that war. 
 
 1 816 — Rev. Barnabas King organized a Sunday school in Dover. Prayer 
 meetings were also held here. Although I have never seen a 
 prayer meeting mentioned in a school history, I take the liberty 
 of recording the fact that prayer meetings have long been held in 
 Dover, but they are not so largely attended as some other meet- 
 ings. 
 
 1816 — December. Petition of Iron Masters of Morris County sent to 
 Congress. 
 
 1817 — Blackwell & McFarlan of New York City took over the prop- 
 erty of Canfield & Losey in Dover, to settle accounts due. It 
 is said that there were scarcely twelve dwellings in Dover at that 
 time. The iron business had been depressed after the War of 
 1812. 
 
 1820 — There was a post office in McFarlan's office. Jacob Losey was 
 postmaster. 
 Fourth census of the United States, 
 
32 
 
 In the nineteenth century historical events of vast proportions crowd 
 the stage of our national history, events intimately related to the develop- 
 ment of Dover and following each other in rapid succession so that one is 
 tempted to expand these brief "Dover Dates" into a bulky volume. But 
 this cannot lie. And it is needless. The work has already been done. Our 
 method stands revealed. Once get thoroughly interested in the history 
 of your home town, in its vital features, its larger interests, and the his- 
 tory of the State and the Nation — even of the world — takes on new 
 meaning. Looking out through the windows of these local facts and 
 dates, one feels more keenly the succession of remoter events through 
 their parallelism with our own story. 
 
 They say that hard times in Europe are driving some people to 
 study more earnestly than they ever did in their school days to find 
 out what has happened lately, why it happened, what it means, what is 
 going to happen next and what they are going to do about it. In such 
 a "preparedness" effort we cannot afford to be behindhand. A good 
 drive in United States history, with all its world-wide bearings, makes 
 a good setting-up exercise for us all. We need to find out what the 
 United States stands for, in world history, what the nations think we 
 stand for, what we ought to stand for. Our book mart is flooded with 
 books of real value and of fascinating interest on these themes. Ask 
 our free public library. And our new county library, when it comes. 
 
 Our educational institutions, in school and college, are presenting 
 such subjects with renewed emphasis and enthusiasm to those who are 
 still within scholastic halls. We need a generation trained and informed 
 as never before in statesmanship, for home and foreign service. The 
 liberty known within our borders for nearly a century and a half may 
 indeed have done something to "enlighten the world," and we may yet — • 
 to speak modestly — trim the lights so as to cast a brighter ray across 
 the waves. 
 
 1823 — A Fourth of July celebration was held on Morris street, a sort of 
 basket picnic in the woods, with speeches appropriate to the day, 
 and three odes expressive of the patriotic sentiment of that time 
 were sung. This we learn from an old program of the occasion, 
 1824 — The Morris Canal and Banking Company incorporated, Decem- 
 ber 31, 1824. 
 
 1825 — The Morris Canal was being dug through Dover, as noted in an 
 old letter. Completed to Newark in 1831. Fully completed 1836. 
 (Leased to Lehigh Valley R. R. 1871.) 
 
 Black well & McFarlan had a map made of Dover, showing all 
 shops and buildings belonging to the Dover Iron Works, and the 
 streets of Dover, as laid out by them in order to effect the sale 
 of building lots. The map was made by Van Winkle. See 
 Dover History, page 459. A real estate boom! 
 
 1826 — Black well & McFarlan had the village of Dover incorporated. 
 
 1827 — Town lots in Dover are sold. See McFarlan's Descriptions, page 
 460, Dover History, and advertisement, page 467, calling atten- 
 tion to the advantages of Dover from its location on the canal. 
 
33 
 
 the turnpikes that pass through it, the Lehigh coal brought by 
 the canal, communication with the New York market, and that 
 "near lOO Forge fires is in operation within a few miles of the 
 village." 
 1828 — Wm. Ford's advertisement of this date shows his Blacksmithing 
 Business is in operation. He had a shop at Ford's Pond, and his 
 residence was near it, as usual in early times. 
 Zenas Pruden. the wheelwright, had his shop on the corner of 
 Dickerson and Morris streets, adjoining his residence. 
 Other items of the time can be gleaned from old advertisements 
 and scattered remarks of those who contributed to the Dover 
 History. A chapter might be written on the early stores of 
 Dover and vicinity, such as the Hoagland store at the site of the 
 Central Railroad Station, the Moses Hurd store on Morris street, 
 the Old Stone Store next to the National Union Bank, Felix 
 Hinchman's General Store, where Turner's is to-day, the Losey 
 Store and others. Consult the index of Dover History and the 
 list of additional references given with Dover Dates. The history 
 of commerce in Dover would require a volume. 
 
 From "The Jerseyman" of August 20th, 1828: 
 
 MEETING OF THE WATERS 
 
 A number of the inhabitants of Dover and its vicinity friendly to 
 the Morris Canal assembled on the i8th inst., at 4 o'clock P. M., to 
 witness the meeting of waters of Lake Hopatcong with those of the 
 Rockaway River. As soon as they were seen to mingle the following 
 toasts were drank, each being succeeded by the firing of cannon and 
 hearty cheers : 
 
 1st (toast). The memory of Jonathan Dickerson — who forty years 
 ago predicted that within one century there would be a canal formed 
 from the Delaware to the Passaic, supplied with water from Lake 
 Hopatcong. 
 
 Note : — The other toasts were not copied. — F. A. C. 
 
 1829 — Complaints about the educational shortcomings of the time led to 
 an Act of Legislature to establish schools and introduce much- 
 needed reforms. Too many of the haphazard teachers of ,the 
 country schools were addicted to intoxicating beverages, with sad 
 results in the schoolroom. A drunken teacher has been known 
 to "wale" a boy until the iron ferrule of his cane was embedded 
 in the flesh of the boy's back, as I have heard from one who saw 
 it. (The first law providing for public schools was in 1693.) 
 
 1829 — The Stone Academy on Dickerson street, opposite the old frame 
 building also known as "The Academy," was erected by Henry 
 McFarlan, Sr., for use as a school and partly for religious meet- 
 ings. The McFarlans took an active interest in the welfare of 
 the community. Under their regime we find constant traces of a 
 head and heart planning for the good of the people in their home 
 life as well as for the community as a whole. They were pioneers 
 
34 
 
 in "communitv planning." For instance, not liking the shabby 
 appearance of 'the houses, Mr. McFarlan laid in a supply of paint 
 which he distributed to the inhabitants for the purpose of using 
 it on their houses, thus improving the appearance of the village.. 
 Maple trees were set out along the street — the first trace of a 
 "Shade Tree Commission" — except that Jacob Losey set out a 
 row of willows where East Blackwell street is now. The last 
 one has just been cut down, near The Advance office. 
 
 1830 — The death of Henry McFarlan, Sr., occurred suddenly. He was 
 succeeded by his son Henry, who conducted the business until 
 1869. assisted by Mr. Guy M. Hinchman as superintendent.^ Mr. 
 McFarlan and Mr. Hinchman. on opposite sides of the main vil- 
 lage street, carried on a friendly rivalry in cultivating beautiful 
 gardens. An interest was taken in actually beautifying this town 
 of smoky iron mills and developing the spirit of love for the 
 "home town." The older inhabitants bear witness to this in their 
 reminiscences. 
 
 183 1 — The Morris Canal was completed to Newark. The first canal 
 boat. The Dover of Dover, made its maiden trip under the com- 
 mand of Captain Byram Pruden. The people gathered at the 
 Canal Basin and gave them a great "send-off." The Freight 
 House on the Basin became a busy center of new prosperity for 
 the town — it is now a neglected ruin. The railroad has changed 
 all that. 
 
 1832 — Mr. Thomas B. Segur came to Dover to be cashier of the Dover 
 Bank, which was established by Phelps, Dodge & Co., of New 
 York. He resided in the building since known as the Stone Hotel, 
 and the bank was in the same building. Barter was now assisted 
 by banking, another step in the progress of the village. Thomas 
 B. Segur left three sons: Elisha B., Anson, and Warren. The 
 latter was cashier of the Union Bank of Dover, which stood where 
 the Trust Company now is. 
 
 1834 — Dover has a bank, two academies, a Sunday school, thirty dwell- 
 ings, iron works, blacksmithing establishment, canal, the Alansion 
 House Hotel, new streets ; things are picking up. building lots 
 on the main streets are being taken up (see Dover History, pages 
 460-462), and the place begins to look more attractive. Business 
 and population begin to come to Dover instead of going to Ran- 
 dolph, Mill Brook, Mt. Pleasant, Mine Hill — owing to the canal, 
 and the McFarlans, and some other "town-builders." Next we 
 need a church of our own. What is a town without a church? 
 Why, they started a church the first thing in Newark ! Before 
 they started the town ! 
 
 1835 — A]:)ril 23. The First Presbyterian Church of Dover was organ- 
 ized, under the Presbytery of Newark, with a membership of 
 seven men and thirteen women. Services were held in the Stone 
 Academy until 1842. 
 
 1836 — Dover population about 300. Sunday school has 150 scholars 
 
35 
 
 and 28 teachers. 
 
 1837 — Business depression affected the country. 
 
 1838 — The First Methodist Episcopal Church was organized and a build- 
 ing dedicated in December. The Methodist Church at Mill Brook 
 was erected at the same time. 
 
 1839 — Rev. Burtis C. Megie became the stated supply of the Presby- 
 terian Church at a salary of $500, with donation visits. 
 
 1839 — We hear of a Dover Lyceum or literary society, at which poems 
 were read — a new departure for the iron town. 
 A poem by Dr. Jacob Lundy Brotherton, a Quaker, of Randolph, 
 celebrates the beauties and advantages of Dover. 
 Dover in 1839 had less than 400 population. The houses were 
 on the low land. The hills were covered with forests. A stage 
 coach arrived from Newark three times a week. There was a 
 stage to Morristown. No busses or street cars were known then 
 in New York City, the city limit of which was at Tenth street. 
 The First Presbyterian Church of Dover had 37 members. 
 The Sons of Temperance (S.of T.) was founded by Mr. Segur. 
 A library for them constitutes Dover's first public library. Dover 
 becomes the banner temperance town of New Jersey, and this 
 was one of the considerations that influenced Wm. Young (1847) 
 to leave Brooklyn with his family and set up his bake shop on 
 Dickerson street, corner of Sussex. It is worth while to have a 
 reputation as a banner temperance town if it induces a man like 
 Wm. Young to become a mem])er of the community. He became 
 a school trustee and a "leading citizen." 
 
 DOVER'S INVENTIVE GENIUS 
 
 1840 — Joshua H. Butterworth made patent locks in 1846. He was a 
 Scotchman and was headman for McFarlan. He invented rivet 
 machines. Fle owned the corner since known as the Baker 
 corner, at Blackwell and Warren streets, southeast. Here he 
 had his dwelling. About where Hummer's real estate office 
 now (1922) is, he had a little shop where he made clocks, 
 repaired watches and tinkered in his spare time and when the 
 iron works were inactive. His lot, bought in 1840. comprised 
 11,000 square feet. 
 
 Mr. Butterworth invented a shuttle for a sewing machine and 
 is said to have been the father of modern bank combination 
 locks. Mr. Canfield has two specimens of such locks made by 
 Butterworth, requiring five or six keys to operate them. 
 
 1842 — Presbyterian Church dedicated its first building. 
 
 1844 — There was great social unrest. The present State Constitution 
 was adopted, and needed reforms were made in regard to impris- 
 onment for debt and bankruptcy and the legal status of married 
 women. 
 
36 
 
 1840-48 — Market day was an institution at Dover, wagons coming in 
 from the country with produce, and people gathering around them 
 to buy from the producer direct. — D. H., p. 384. 
 1846-47 — The Mexican War. Oregon acquired in 1846. California 
 ceded to the United States at the close of the Mexican War. 
 These acquisitions of territory, together with the acquisition of 
 Florida and Jefferson's purchase of the Louisiana territory, called 
 for a great migration to take up the new land — one reason why 
 more people did not come to Dover. 
 In "The Daily Advertiser" of Newark, 26 February, 1848, is a 
 letter describing the first temperance meeting held in Dover in 1833, 
 February 12, at which Rev. Dr. Tuttle gave an address. About that 
 time one store sold $2,000 worth of ardent spirits in one year. 
 
 "The Jerseyman" of March 2nd, 1848, quotes from "The Newark 
 Daily Advertiser" thus : 
 
 Dover, in 1833 had 133 families, 753 inhabitants. 
 1839 " 128 " 961 
 1845 " 210 " 1,201 
 
 (These figures differ from statements given in Dover History, 
 pages 417, 450, 478.)* 
 
 Monday, July 31, 1848, the Morris & Essex Railroad was formally 
 opened to Dover. 
 
 * In 1840 the school trustees of Dover reported 136 children 
 between the ages of five and sixteen. In 1853 there were 275 enrolled. 
 
 1848 — The Morris & Essex Railroad comes to Dover. The first train 
 offers a free ride to Morristown. A big time and a public dinner. 
 More facilities for transportation and business. Here is where 
 Dover forges ahead of Mill Brook. 
 
 1849 — Gold discovered in California. John W. Hurd and Sandy Young 
 go to California. (Hurd, the donor of Hurd Park, later.) 
 
 1849 — St. John's Episcopal Church is established under the charge of 
 Rev. Charles W. Rankin, of Morristown. Henry McFarlan was 
 appointed lay reader. He donated the property on which the 
 church stands, and was a liberal supporter of it. Their first 
 meetings were held in the upper room of the Stone Academy. 
 
 1850 — Dover claims 700 population. The names of many citizens may 
 be found on page 384, D. H. A railroad station is established 
 nearly opposite Wm. Young's bake shop and not far from Wm, 
 Ford's residence. Probably Wm. Ford found it necessary to 
 remove his machine shop to Sussex street on the lot that was 
 later occupied by the Morris County Machine Shop. He removed 
 his residence also. The railroad needed his Dickerson street 
 property. 
 
 The Quakers are advocating the Abolition of Slavery and past- 
 ing Whittier's poems into their scrapbooks at Randolph. 
 
37 
 
 1856 — "The era lollowing the close of the War of 1812 until the open- 
 ing of the Civil War was one of stupendous activity. Interrupted 
 only by the financial depressions of 1817 and 1837, and slightly 
 retarded by the Mexican War, the progress of New Jersey was 
 beyond the wildest dreams of the enthusiast, Alexander Ham- 
 ilton. Jersey City, Newark and Paterson were growing great. 
 The public school system was established, reforms instituted in 
 the care of the defective, delinquent and dependent classes of 
 society, railroads and ferries built, banks established, post offices 
 opened and newspapers printed." — Legislative Manual of New 
 Jersey. 
 
 1861 — The Civil War. How the boys and girls of Mr. Hall's School 
 in Dover made and raised a school flag is told in D. H., page 387. 
 The Memorial Day services conducted every year in Dover under 
 the auspices of the Grand Army of the Republic bear witness to 
 the part that Dover took in that great struggle for the preserva- 
 tion of the Union and the Abolition of Slavery. 
 
 1869 — After the Civil War, business being dull, Mr. McFarlan closed up 
 the affairs of the Iron Works and suspended operations. Little 
 of consequence was done with these works until Mr. McFarlan 
 sold them in 1880 to The Dover Iron Company, organized by 
 Judge Francis S. Lathrop. This company repaired buildings, 
 made improvements, and revived the enterprise which means so 
 much for the prosperity of Dover. The High Bridge branch of 
 the Central Railroad of New Jersey was extended from Port 
 Oram to Dover and Rockaway in June, 1881, causing an increased 
 demand for labor. It is the Longwood Valley R. R. from Ger- 
 man Valley to Wharton. 
 
 1869 — A Town Charter was obtained for Dover, April i. See "Charter 
 of Dover" with by-laws and ordinances. George Richards, 
 Mayor. 
 
 1873 — The panic that followed the Civil War aflfected Dover. 
 Dover Fire Department organized. 
 
38 
 
 "PUTTING DOVER ON THE MAP" 
 
 When did Dover first "get on the map ?" 
 
 In my "Ballads of New Jersey in the Revolution," there are two 
 old maps of the seventeenth century. One was made from a MS. map 
 of R. Eskine, F. R. S., used by the army in 1778-80. As shown by the 
 note below this map, Dover was not on it. Hibernia, Mt. Hope, Mt. 
 Pleasant Forge, Longwood Forge, "Backshire" Forge, Franklin Forge 
 and Benson's Forge were shown, but not Rockaway or Dover, although 
 iron works existed at both places previous to that date. 
 
 On the other old map, made when Philadelphia was the national 
 capital, previous to 1800. Rockaway and "Percipany" are shown, but not 
 Dover, It would be interesting to find a copy of the first map on which 
 Dover appears. Some of the things that have "put Dover on the map" 
 are referred to in the following rhymes, entitled "The Dover Primer." 
 There was once a "New England Primer," you know, that was quite 
 famous. It contained the following rhyme — 
 
 Z — "Zacche-us he, did climb a tree 
 His Lord to see." 
 
 1722— THE DOVER PRIMER— 1922 
 Of blessed memory is he 
 Who knows his Dover A, B, C. 
 A — Stands for AGE, and our DOVER, we hear, 
 
 Has really arrived at her two-hundredth year. 
 A— THE ADVANCE, whose two Editors seek 
 
 To give you the news of the town twice a week, 
 B— Is for BEMAN, who followed the lead 
 
 Of JACKSON in trying by iron to succeed, 
 B— Is for BLACKWELL, our Dover "Main Street," 
 
 Where the great congregation of people doth meet. 
 B — Is for BIRCH and his Boiler workshop, 
 
 Where Stacks, too. are made, to go over the top. 
 C— Stands for CANFIELD, who built dam and mill. 
 
 With LOSEY as partner, to run things at will, 
 C— Is for CANFIELD and LOSEY ; 'bout then 
 
 "Old Tye" grew to DOVER, but who knows just when? 
 C — Stands for CHURCHES, and Dover has some; 
 
 If you want to hear more, to the Meeting House Come. 
 C — Is for CENTRAL, a branch that comes down 
 
 From High Brideje to gather up freight from our town. 
 D— Stands for DOVER ; D. D., DOVER DATES ; 
 
 Dover's found on the map of the United States. 
 D— Is for DRILL WORKS, whose trade, it appears, 
 
 Extends to the nations of two hemispheres. 
 E— Is EAST DOVER; a hero lived there. 
 
 Renowned for his voice, heard in battle or prayer. 
 E— Is EAST DOVER, and there they make FROGS— 
 
 The kind that were never long-tailed PoUiwogs, 
 F— Is for FIREMEN, who at the alarm 
 
39 
 
 Fight the flames, risking danger to save folks from harm, 
 F — Stands for FORGE, and a Forge, it is said. 
 
 Was the cradle of Dover — we still "Forge Ahead !" 
 G — Stands for GEORGE ; George the First was our king 
 
 When Jackson's trip-hammer first made anvil ring. 
 G— Is for GUENTHER, whose Athletic Field 
 
 O'er lovers of sport fascination doth wield. 
 H— Is for HOSKINS, elected to steer 
 
 Our town through her great bi-centennial year. 
 H— Is for HOSPITAL, please lend a hand; 
 
 A place we all visit when Doctors command. 
 H— Is for KURD— and HURD PARK, near the spot 
 
 Where the Hurds of oldtime had their first building lot. 
 I — Stands for IRON, the magnetic kind. 
 
 That long from our neighboring hills has been mined. 
 I — Is the INDEX, in which may be found 
 
 News items from Dover and sections all 'round. 
 J — Stands for JACKSON, who first built a forge 
 
 On the brook that comes down from our picturesque gorge. 
 K— Stands for KATTERMAN'S Swiss Knitting Mill, 
 
 Where garments are made that will just fill the bill. 
 E — LACKAWANNA, whose many trains roll 
 
 Through Dover with passengers, milk, freight and coal. 
 L — Is for Lx\UNDRY, and Cook knows the way 
 
 To save you the trouble of Blue Washing Day. 
 L— Is for LIBRARY ; Dover is proud 
 
 To have one, sufficiently — not too — high-browed, 
 L — Is for LOSEY, first postmaster, he; 
 
 Far-famed as a host for his chef's cookery. 
 M — Means McFARLAN, a name that long stood 
 
 For progress, prosperity, thrift, "making good." 
 M— Is for MORRIS CANAL, in its day, 
 
 The hope of our village ; now railroads hold sway. 
 N — Stands for NEIGHBORS, and we have a few; 
 
 Millbrook, Wharton, Mine Hill, Mt. Fern fair to view. 
 
 O — Is for OVENS, and we make them here; 
 
 The RICHARDSON STOVE WORKS promulgate good cheer. 
 P— PICATINNY is not far away, 
 
 Where Dover folks work, and get very good pay. 
 Q — Is for QUAKER; the Quakers bore sway 
 
 Over all of New Jersey in WILLIAM PENN'S DAY. 
 R — Is for RANDOLPH, the township we're near, 
 
 Named after the Quaker Fitz Randolph, 'tis clear. 
 R— Is for ROLLING MILL; that's where we make 
 
 The toughest iron rivets, that bend, but don't break 
 S — Is for SILK, and we have quite a trade. 
 
 For Singleton spins silk where iron was made. 
 
40 
 
 S— Is SILK STOCKINGS, that famed ONYX BRAND 
 
 That Guenther produces — the best in the land. 
 T— Is for TEMPERANCE; Dover's the town 
 
 That once had State Temperance Banner renown. 
 T— Is for TEACHERS, who do their full share 
 
 Each new generation for life to prepare. 
 U — Is for US; here we are; look us over 
 
 And see if you don't want to settle in Dover. 
 V_Is for VARIOUS City Departments : 
 
 Board of Health. Firemen. Streets, all in separate compartments. 
 W — Stands for our first President, 
 
 Who counted each forge, on munitions intent. 
 W— WATER WORKS ; Steffany told 
 
 How Water's provided for young and for old. 
 X — Always stands for some factor UNKNOWN, 
 
 Like the Future, that's hid till we make it our own. 
 Y — Stands for YOUNG, a shrewd Scot who once came 
 
 To Dover and helped us maintain our good name. 
 Y — Is for YOUTH ; may our Young People be 
 
 The Jewels of Dover, delightful to see. 
 Z — Is the end, and it may stand for ZEAL, 
 
 Which keeps towns from getting run down at the heel. 
 & — Now I must stop ; but I wish I could view 
 
 The DOVER of two-thousand-two-twenty-two. 
 P. S. — And many more rhymes may be made on this plan — 
 
 Bi-centennial notes that two centuries span. 
 To Conclude : 
 B— BENEDICTION : May God's Blessing crown 
 
 The DOVER that you and I call our Home Town! 
 
PART II 
 Location and Environment 
 
43 
 TWO OLD ROADS 
 
 In Book of Roads A at the County Clerks Office, Morristown, on 
 page 213, we find this record: ROADS IN MENDUM. 
 
 ROAD near BEEMAN'S FORGE in Mendham. Beginning at 
 the northwest corner of the schoolhouse near Israel Canfield's forge 
 that was formerly Josiah Beemans thence running (we abbreviate) 
 i) N 36 degrees, W 5 chanes 39 links 
 
 2) N 66 
 
 
 W 8 
 
 21 
 
 3) N 51 
 
 
 W 6 
 
 38 
 
 4) S 81 
 
 
 W14 
 
 64 
 
 5) N 76 
 
 
 W I 
 
 35 
 
 6) N 62 
 
 
 W 2 
 
 66 
 
 7) (no 
 
 figures) 
 
 
 
 8) (no 
 
 figures) 
 
 
 
 9) N 88 
 
 
 W 3 
 
 89 
 
 10) (no 
 
 figures) 
 
 
 
 II) N 62 
 
 
 W 3 
 
 50 
 
 12) N 22 
 
 
 West 
 
 to the middle of the bridge 
 
 ledeing over a smale streme nere Josiah hurds one chane and being a 
 three Rood Road. Dated "Mendham Town Ship, August 11, 1792. 
 
 Here we find a clear reference to Dover under the name of 
 "Beeman's Forge" in 1792, with the fact that it had now become Israel 
 Canfield's forge. The name "Dover" apparently came into use soon 
 after, instead of continuing the practice of using the owner's name. 
 Otherwise the place might have been known as "Canfields Forge,'' 
 and then by some other name. 
 
 At the bottom of the same page we find a description of a "Road 
 near Beeman's Forge in Pequanack a three rod road, beginning at the 
 end of a bridge in Pequanack, crossing the Rockaway River by Josiah 
 Beeman's dwelling house." Dated August 11, 1792. 
 
 The second road mentioned above is described as follows : 
 i) N 8 degrees W 3 chaines 39 links 
 
 2) N 39 
 
 W 2 
 
 65 
 
 
 3) N 27 
 
 W 5 
 
 33 
 
 
 4) N 60 
 
 E 5 
 
 37 
 
 
 5) N 55 
 
 E 4 
 
 35 
 
 
 6) N 53 
 
 E 6 
 
 
 
 7) N 84 
 
 E 2 
 
 63 
 
 
 8) S 85 
 
 E 10 
 
 57 
 
 
 First Road.- 
 
 —Where was 
 
 that schoolhouse? 
 
 As the road 
 
 was on the south side of the river (being in Mendham), the school- 
 house was south of the river. A schoolhouse at the foot of Morris 
 street would give us a good start, from its northwest corner. McFarlan 
 located a school here later. Was there a school there from earlier 
 times — 1792 or sooner? 
 
44 
 
 The map of 1825, Dover History, shows a roacl running from the 
 foot of Morris street northwest, on a diagonal hne, to the canal, then 
 being made. The canal lock made it necessary for any road headed 
 in this direction to be changed and brought over the Rockaway below 
 the lock, as shown in this map, where Sussex street is indicated as a 
 new street. But observe the direction of this diagonal road. Old 
 roads of that; time were not laid out in straight lines, crossing others 
 at right angles. They followed old Indian trails, in conformity with 
 the lay of the land and the winding of streams, aiming at the easiest 
 ford or crossing of streams. Such v/as this road, coming from Frank- 
 lin around the point of the mountain, keeping to the base of the moun- 
 tain south of it to avoid the river north of it, then spreading much 
 further than its present limits and making swampy ground. 
 
 This diagonal road, coming to the northern end of what is 
 now Warren street, led, on the north, to a bridge over the river, and 
 continued northward, in Pequanack township, to what is now Pequan- 
 nock street. The remains of a stone foundation for a bridge are still 
 shown at that place of crossing. And the river was once fordable 
 there. The road north of the bridge, in Pequanack, is the second 
 road mentioned on page 213 in Road Book A. 
 
 From the southern end of this bridge a road ran along the river 
 and south of it, westward, as described, to the ''smale streme nere 
 Josiah hurds." The canal "stole this roadway" as John W. Hurd 
 said, making a new road necessary, south of the canal, as we now have 
 it. But the cuts through rock and the grading down to lower lines came 
 later. Mr. Magie tells of the road running north of Jacob Losey's 
 house before Blackwell street was opened. 
 
 "Josiah Kurd's dwelling." — The Josiah Hurd of 1792 lived 
 where John W. Hurd lived when he gave the land for Hurd Park. 
 This property has recently been bought by M. Friedman, who now 
 lives there. There was another Josiah Hurd (junior) who lived on 
 the Phillips tract, west of the Pine Terrace Inn. That house was 
 removed a few years ago. 
 
 Dr. Magie says that an Indian village was located where the first 
 Hurd dwelling stands, doubtless taking advantage of the noted spring 
 of water in Hurd Park, and' the good fishing in brook and river. 
 
 Blackwell street was not made until about 1825- 1832, to supply 
 the place of the road that was crowded out by the canal. 
 
 The Second Road. — This was near Beeman's Forge in Pequannock 
 (north of the river), crossing the river by Josiah Beeman's dwelling 
 house. His house was a long, low dwelling north of the river. Just 
 north of the river and east of the road stood the Hoagland House. 
 The site of it was between the present municipal building and the 
 station of the Central Railroad. Perhaps the northwest corner of 
 municipal building impinges on the site. But I leave it for some 
 surveyor to plot the course of this second road. 
 
45 
 
 TOWNSHIPS 
 
 Let us now elucidate the subject of townships, referred to above 
 as Mendham and Pequannock. In 1921 reports were rendered by 
 Frederick A. Canfield, representinj^^ Randolph Township ; James B. 
 Tonking, for Dover ; and John Yetter, for Rockaway Township ; 
 together with Theodore Ayres, neutral, from Morris ; Edward Howell, 
 civil engineer ; and Lawrence Day, counsel. This commission was 
 appointed to clear up vmcertainties existing in regard to boundaries 
 of Rockaway and Randolph townships and the town of Dover. The 
 original reports are in the Clerk's Office, Morristown, with maps and 
 full description, furnishing the following data. 
 
 Until 1739 Hunterdon County extended on the north to the Rock- 
 away River, Dover being in Hunterdon, which was taken from Burl- 
 ington in 1714. In 1739 Morris was taken from Hunterdon. 
 1740 Morris County consisted of three townships — Morris, Hanover 
 and Pequannock, to which Roxbury was added later in 1740. 
 1749 Mendham was formed from Hanover, Morris and Roxbury. 
 It included Dover's location, south of the river. 
 
 1804 Jefferson was formed from Roxbury and Pequannock. 
 
 1805 Randolph was formed from Mendham, and named in honor of 
 Hartshorne Fitz Randolph, who made his last will March 31, 
 1806. Randolph took in also parts of Dover north of the river. 
 
 183 1 Dover town (incorporated as a village in 1826) was formed in 
 
 Randolph township. 
 1869 Dover was incorporated, containing iioo acres, in Randolph. 
 1 87 1 Dover limits were enlarged. 
 1896 Dover was separated from Randolph township. 
 
 Note on Josiah Beeman's dwelling. This dwelling (1792) is 
 referred to as a landmark for the second road above. It was north 
 of the river. Another reference states that ''the beginning corner of 
 Schooley's Forge was about one chain from Josiah Beeman's house." 
 Where was Schooley's Forge? In 1768 Robert Schooley conveyed to 
 Joseph Jackson and his son Stephen of Mendham, Bloomer, one- 
 fourth of a property known as Schooley's Forge. 
 
 Did Robert Schooley acquire the forge property of John Jackson, 
 who was sold out in 1753 by sheriff? It was then in Mendham. I 
 find this statement about Schooley's Forge — "This was at Dover 
 (named so later) back of the house recently (1876) built by Alpheus 
 Beemer, on the south side of the road to Succasunna." 
 
 The Alpheus Beemer house referred to stood on or near the 
 site of the Pine Terrace Inn of later years. 
 
 It looks as if Beeman first resided in John Jackson's dwelling, 
 within one chain of Jackson's forge ; then Beeman sold the property 
 to Robert Schooley, who sold one fourth right in it in 1768. And 
 that Beeman afterwards removed his dwelling place to the north 
 side of the river, where his other forge and most of his land was, 
 this dwelling being in Pequannock near the bridge over the river, 
 as stated in the road book for 1792. 
 
46 
 
 ENVIRONMENT 
 
 To give a complete account of Dover's environment would be a 
 long story. One would have to do justice to the scenery and the inhabi- 
 tants of Mt. Freedom. Center Grove, Randolph. Mt. Fern, Crane Town, 
 Millbrook, Union. Franklin. Shongum, Mt. Tabor. Denville. Rockaway, 
 Hibernia, Mt. Hope, Mt. Pleasant, Bowlbyville, Richard Mine, Thomas 
 Mine, Mine Hill, Kenvil. Succasunna, Ferromont, Berkshire Valley, 
 Wharton, Luxemburg, Hopatcong — perhaps Stanhope and Netcong and 
 a few others. Here is a good opportunity for historians of the future, 
 or for our school classes in composition to distinguish themselves. We 
 have touched on a few of these inviting topics in prose and verse. 
 
 FERROMONT, 1713 
 
 At Ferromont, Mine Hill, may be seen the old mansion of Governor 
 Mahlon Dickerson. Across the road from the house is the shaft of the 
 famous Dickerson Mine, which figured so conspicuously in the early 
 history of this region. The mine is now closed. At first the ore was 
 obtained from the open cut, to supply the forges near by, 171 3 — . 
 
 In the Dover Public Library fuller information may be found about 
 Governor Dickerson, whose career is summarized as follows : 
 
 Born, Hanover, N. J., April 17, 1770. 
 
 Graduated at Princeton College, 1789. 
 
 Admitted to the bar of New Jersey, 1793. 
 
 Commissioner of Bankruptcy, 1802. 
 
 Adjutant-General of Pennsylvania, 1805- 1808. 
 
 Removed to Morris County, N. J., 1810. 
 
 Member of New Jersey Assembly, 1812. 
 
 Justice of New Jersey Supreme Court, 1813. 
 
 Governor of New Jersey, i8i5--i8i7. 
 
 United States Senator, 1817-1833. 
 
 Declined appointment as IVIinister to Russia, 1834. 
 
 Secretary of the Navy, 1831-1838. 
 
 Judge of U. S. District Court for New Jersey. 
 
 Died at Succasunna, October 5, 1853. 
 
 Here, too, is the home of Frederick A. Canfield, with his notable 
 collection of New Jersey minerals and historical data. 
 
 THE FRIENDS' MEETING HOUSE IN RANDOLPH 
 
 The annual meeting of the trustees of the Friends' Meeting House 
 and Cemetery Association of Randolph Township was held at the meet- 
 ing house, near Dover, on Tuesday afternoon, June 2, 1914, at 3:30 
 o'clock. The present trustees of the association are Eugene A. Carrell, 
 of Morristown, who is also the president; Elias B. Mott, of Rockaway; 
 M. Wheeler Corwin, of Kenvil; Henry Alwood, of Succasunna; Charles 
 Brotherton, of Dover; William H. Baker, of Dover, who is treasurer; 
 and Fred Hance, of East Orange, who wias elected trustee and secretary 
 to fill the vacancy caused by the death of his father, Edward S. Hance, 
 
47 
 
 who capably filled these offices of the association from its organization 
 on October 22, 1898, when it was formed for the purpose of preserving 
 the historic old building and to keep the cemetery grounds in order. The 
 following new members were admitted at this meeting : — Fred Hance, 
 of East Orange ; Dr. A. L. L. Baker and Airs. Ellen B. Baker, of Dover; 
 Mrs. Phoebe J. Corwin; Mrs. Laura C. Alwood, and Charlotte H. 
 Meeker, of Succasunna. and E. Bertram Mott, of Rockaway. 
 
 The following brief history, compiled by the late James W. Brother- 
 ton, will perhaps prove of interest to the public. 
 
 As early as 1740 several families of Friends, most of them from 
 Woodbridge Township, settled in Randolph (then Mendham) Township, 
 and meetings were held at their homes. Among these early settlers 
 were William Schooley, James Brotherton, Robert Schooley, Jacob 
 Laing, and Hartshorne Fitz Randolph, with their families. 
 
 In 1740 meetings for worship were being held on first days at the 
 home of William Schooley, a log house about three-quarters of a mile 
 east of the present meeting house. 
 
 On 8th Mo., 15th. 1758, one acre of land, the site of this house, 
 was deeded by Robert Schooley for four pounds of the current money 
 of the Province of New Jersey, to Jacob Laing and James Brotherton. 
 trustees, who are to hold the land in trust as a place to bury the dead of 
 the people called Quakers, "then residing in the vicinity, but members 
 of the monthly meeting at Woodbridge, N. J." 
 
 In 1758 the sum of seventy-three pounds was raised and the present 
 structure v/as built and a regular meeting was established, subordinate 
 to the Woodbridge Monthly Meeting. For many years meetings were 
 held regularly on the first and fifth days of the week at 11 A. M. In 
 pleasant weather the meeting house was on first days well filled both 
 above and below, people driving in or coming on horseback several miles 
 to attend. Richard Dell and others ministered acceptably to their spir- 
 itual needs. 
 
 During the years from 1820 to 1830 or thereabouts, many valued 
 members of this meeting, with their families, migrated to Western New 
 York State and settled there. This so depleted the home meeting that 
 it began rapidly to decline. Mid-week meetings were dropped and in 
 1864 meetings for worship, except by appointment, were discontinued 
 altogether. 
 
 About the year 1870. John Hance. Isaac Alwood Vail, and others 
 whose ancestors and relatives were buried in the graveyard, contributed 
 money to build a stone wall to enclose the grounds. The wall was relaid 
 and completed in 1880-1 by Isaac Alward. and an iron fence constructed 
 across the front by subscriptions raised by John Alwood Vail and John 
 Hance. A row of sheds at the rear of the meeting house formerly shel- 
 tered the horses in unpleasant weather, but this fell into decay and was 
 not rebuilt. By the will of Edward Dell $500 was left in trust, the 
 interest to be used in caring for the graveyard. 
 
 The year 1897 found the building and grounds sadly neglected. 
 James W. Brotherton and Rachel B. Vail, the only surviving meml^ers 
 
48 
 
 residing.': in the vicinity, requested of the Rahway and Plainfield (form- 
 erly \\'oodbridge) Monthly Meeting, that the property belonging to the 
 Randolph Meeting be deeded to them, promising to provide for the care 
 and oversight thereof, that the property should be kept in suitable con- 
 dition for the purposes for which it was intended. On loth Mo., 14th, 
 1897, the trustees of Rahway and Plainfield Monthly Meeting deeded 
 the Randolph Meeting property for $1 to James W. Brotherton and 
 Rachel B. Vail under the above agreement. 
 
 On the 6th Mo., 28th, 1898, there convened a number of those 
 whose ancestors of years ago or relatives of more recent date had been 
 laid at rest in the old burying grounds. These interested persons, tak- 
 ing the necessary legal steps, formed themselves into an association to 
 "be known as The Friends' Meeting House and Cemetery Association of 
 Randolph Township. On October 22, 1898, James W. Brotherton and 
 Rachel B. Vail deeded the property for $1 to the aforesaid association, 
 which association agrees to carry out the promises made by them. 
 
 The members of the Friends' Meeting House and Cemetery Asso- 
 ciation of Randolph Township at this time were : President, James W. 
 Brotherton. Dover, N. J. ; secretary, Edward S. Hance, Wharton, N. J. ; 
 treasurer. William H. Baker, Dover, N. J. ; Eugene A. Carrell, Morris- 
 town, N. J.; Henry Alward, Succasunna, N. J.; Elias B. Mott, Rock- 
 away, N. J.— From "The Index," June 12, 1914. 
 
 THE QUAKERS 
 
 When John Jackson sold out his Dover property in 1753, it is said 
 that he went to the w'estern part of Virginia and started something there. 
 You will find a town named "Jackson" in Jackson County on the map of 
 West Virginia. He must have been then over fifty years old. His 
 property was sold in two portions. The forge and the land on which 
 his dwelling stood in Dover went to Josiah Beman, "Bloomer." A 
 bloomer was one who made rough blooms of iron at such a forge as 
 Jackson's. A bloom of iron is the rough ball or lump of iron obtained 
 by roasting the ore on a charcoal fire in the forge oven. 
 
 The extended farm lands which Jackson had acquired in 1722. situ- 
 ated now in Mine Hill, adjacent to Jackson's brook, were sold to a 
 Quaker named Hartshorne Fitz Randolph, who afterwards added to this 
 property until he had an estate of about 1,000 acres. 
 
 At this point, therefore, the history forks — one fork leading to the 
 continuance of the iron works in Dover and the other fork leading to 
 the Quakers of ]\Iine Hill, Randolph and Millbrook, 
 
 William Penn was one who early located large "returns" of land in 
 this region, taking up with the Kirkbrides some thousands of acres. 
 Leonard Elliott's house, once known as the Munson Homestead, was 
 in the Penn Return of 1715 (Dover History, page 473). Thus we see 
 that Dover touched the hem of William Penn's garment, so to speak. 
 
 The Richard Brotherton farm, it is said, was bought from William 
 Penn and has stayed in the family ever since. Richard Brotherton mar- 
 ried Mary Wilson, a great-great-granddaughter of the Robert and Ann 
 
49 
 
 Wilson who came over from Yorkshire, England, 1683, in the same ship 
 with William Penn. In 1681-82, Lady Elizabeth Carteret sold the 
 Province of East Jersey to an Association of twelve persons, mostly of 
 the Society of Friends, among them being William Penn. 
 
 William Penn's object in taking up so much land appears^ have 
 been to provide a place of refuge for the Quakers who were persecuted 
 in the Old Country. He gathered them together and led them out of the 
 land of persecution into the wilderness of Pennsylvania and New Jersey 
 — a regular exodus into a new Promised Land. Randolph and Mill- 
 brook, then, were parts of this Promised Land in the New World. 
 Perhaps the f>fesent inhabitants have forgotten that fact. Some of the 
 country schools in the vicinity of Dover might get up excellent historical 
 programs based upon their interesting past and it would be a good lesson 
 in American history. Morris County is full of historical interest. 
 
 A volume might be written about the Quaker settlement, and much 
 about these Quakers may be found scattered through the pages of 
 Dover History. They were strong for the Abolition of Slavery. From 
 1800 on the Quakers were agitating in a peaceful way for the emancipa- 
 tion of the slaves, and felt it their duty to assist runaway slaves in their 
 escape to Canada. The "Underground Railway," as it was called, had 
 one station at Randolph. 
 
 Let me conclude this article with a brief sketch of Richard Brother- 
 ton, a typical saint of the Quaker faith. Although following the butcher's 
 trade, not now regarded as a suitable setting for a moving picture hero, 
 he ennobled his calling. The poet George Herbert says, in one of his 
 religious poems : 
 "Who sweeps a room as for Thy laws Makes that and the action fine." 
 
 It was in this spirit that Richard Brotherton followed his humble 
 calling and became a lighthouse on the hills of Morris County. In the 
 same spirit other men of those early days followed the necessary callings 
 of village baker, blacksmith, preacher, carpenter, farmer, wagon-maker, 
 ironmaster, and many of them — not all — shine as stars in the spiritual 
 firmament of these iron-bearing hills. In our Dover History studies we 
 are trying to "follow the gleam of that light." 
 
 RICHARD BROTHERTON 
 
 The story of Dover would not be complete 
 Without "Dicky Brotherton," "honest man" he. 
 The Quaker of Randolph, who sold the folks meat 
 And won wide renown for unfeigned piety. 
 With wagon well stored he would ride far and wide 
 O'er these rough roads and hills to each customer's door 
 Have a chat, leave a "roast" — Morris County beef — I'd 
 Like to meet him to-day on his rounds, as he bore 
 Choice viands to Dover, Mine Hill and Millbrook. 
 The widow and orphan he never forsook ; 
 But gladdened the desolate when he drew near 
 With kind words and solid, substantial "good cheer." 
 
50 
 
 "A dear, good old man," well belov'd ; true respect 
 
 He won in his day — he was surely "elect." 
 
 Just a butcher, of course, but he made his trade fine 
 
 By the honest, kind-hearted and neighborly grace 
 
 That illumined his deeds and his speech and his face. 
 
 In the quaint Quaker meetings out there on the hill 
 
 He presided for years — just a slim "two or three" 
 
 Attended, at last — everything was so still ! 
 
 The men sat on one side and lest they should see 
 
 The women, a board fence was let down between, 
 
 Long silence — more silence — no music — no hymn — 
 
 No remarks — meditation — no tableau — no scene! 
 
 Just plain Dicky Brotherton sitting up there 
 
 With his plain Quaker coat and his Quaker broad brim, 
 
 Till at last this brief word breathes upon the still air — 
 
 "We must do the right!" — a tap-tap on the floor 
 
 With his patriarch staff and the meeting is o'er. 
 
 Those Quakers stuck to it when slavery tried 
 
 To rule this fair land, when it fain would enthrone 
 
 Its power o'er our future : Let no man deride 
 
 The faith of the Quakers. They could not condone 
 
 This blot on our scutcheon ; they clung to this plank — 
 
 "God made man for freedom; no slave chains must clank 
 
 In this great land of ours — Do the right ! Do the right ! 
 
 Heed the still voice of conscience, the true inner light!" 
 
 Out here on these hills, where God's free breezes blew, 
 
 Came Whittier's voice to a conscience refined 
 
 By the breath of God's spirit — the message rang true. 
 
 It rang through the nation at last, unconfined — 
 
 "Do the right ! Do the right ! We must do — we must do — 
 
 We must do the right !" — and the faint whisper grew 
 
 Till in bloody encounter and death-toll this land. 
 
 This fair land of freedom at last took its stand. 
 
 Led by Abraham Lincoln ! Now all men are free 
 
 Who are born 'neath our banner, from mountain to sea ! 
 
5» 
 
 DOVER'S MOTHER CHURCH 
 
 The history of religion in Dover is not complete without some 
 account of the Mother Church at Rockaway. Rev. Barnabas King came 
 from New England in 1805, according to Dr. Megie's statement. He 
 began preaching at Berkshire Valley. Did the name "Berkshire" come 
 with him from the Berkshire Hills of Connecticut? He was installed 
 pastor at Rockaway in 1808, and died in 1862. in the fifty-fifth year of 
 his pastorate, as noted on his tombstone in Rockaway. He was a gradu- 
 ate of Williams College, 1803, in the Berkshire Hills of Massachusetts. 
 
 Rev. Joseph S. Tuttle, D.D., in an historical sermon, speaks of him- 
 self as the colleague of Barnabas King from 1847 to 1862. Dr. Tuttle 
 afterward became president of Wabash College, Indiana; but l^efore 
 going West he wrote many historical articles about Morris county. To 
 him we are indebted for the information that George Bowlsby deeded 
 land in Parsippany to "the religious society of people commonly called 
 Presbyterians." This was in 1745. And he dates the birthday of the 
 old church at Rockaway on the second of March, 1758, for then the first 
 subscription paper was starte dthus: "We, the subscribers to do by 
 these mannefest It to l>e our desier to Joyn (pronounced 'ji'.ie') with 
 pasipaney to call and settel a minnester to have the one half of the 
 preachen at posipaney and the other half at rockaway and each part to 
 be eakwel to payen the minnester." 
 
 A second memorandum states that the "inhabitenc of rockaway 
 pigenhil and other places agesant" (adjacent) met and agreed upon a 
 "suitable place above bemans forg, below the first small brok upon that 
 rode up to Samuel Johnson." 
 
 Dr. Tuttle explains that the congregation was gathered from the 
 then sparsely settled region which included Denville. Rockaway Valley, 
 Horse Pound. Meriden (a school district). Mount Hope, Denmark, 
 Berkshire Valley. Franklin, Dover (not then known by that name, prob- 
 ably) and the region beyond. 
 
 This first "meting hous" was raised in 1759, and partly enclosed. 
 Glass, paint and floor boards were bought the next year to finish the 
 house. The founders were assessed to "pay a prespetering minister.'* 
 The building was not ceiled nor plastered. The people did not wait for 
 their church to be finished and "all decorated up" before they used it. 
 It was said to be ghastly in its incompleteness. In 1780 it was voted "to 
 make a Ladder to go up Galeryes and Lay Down boards on the galery 
 Beams and make seates to set on." And yet nothing was done until 
 1794. We must remember the distractions and sickness of the Revolu- 
 tionary War. 
 
 This building continued in use until 1832. In Rockaway they have 
 a pen sketch of this old building, a contemporary of our old Quaker 
 Church and very much like it in design. In 1831 a new building was 
 started, and this was dedicated in 1832. By this time there were enough 
 people in Dover to think it worth while to organize and form a Dover 
 church, instead of subscribing longer to a Rockaway church. So we 
 find in the records of Rev. Barnabas King that eighteen members were 
 
52 
 
 dismissed in 1835 to form a Dover church. And we find in the Dover 
 records that the Dover church began its life April 23, 1835, with a mem- 
 bership of seven men and seventeen women, whose names are given in 
 Dover History, page 415. 
 
 Let us conclude this brief sketch with two short ballads, which take 
 us back, in spirit, to Dover's Mother Church of 17S8-1832, 
 
 I. AUNT ABIGAIL'S MEETING 
 
 Aunt Abigail Jackson was very devout. 
 And this is the story that comes down about 
 This old-fashioned saint — 'tis an anecdote quaint, 
 Well attested, it seems, without mythical taint. 
 
 The Rockaway folks — seventeen htty-nine — 
 Decided to ask all their neighbors to "Joy"" (j'^ie) 
 And set up a Meeting House handy for all, 
 Above Beman's Forge, near a brook that was small. 
 
 They called the inhabitants of Rockaway, 
 
 Pigeon Hill, Horse Pound, Meriden, Denmark, they say, 
 
 Franklin, Dover and Berkshire and further away. 
 
 To meet and consult on a place that would suit. 
 
 Where a new Meeting House would be sure to take root. 
 
 It soon was agreed, so with zeal they began 
 
 To lay the foundations and work out the plan. 
 
 So eager they were the first meetings to hold 
 
 They began with loose boards laid on beams, we are told. 
 
 But interest waned, and soon meetings were few, 
 Till one faithful soul started things up anew : 
 Aunt Abigail Jackson was so filled with zeal 
 That she held a grand meeting which made its appeal. 
 
 What though floors were lacking, no parson in sight, 
 
 Though side walls and ceiling were in sorry plight, 
 
 She just sat on a beam and sang hymns; she could sing 
 
 Like a bird ; but no bell was yet ready to ring 
 
 And no organ led oflf. When the neighbors inquired, 
 
 "Who all was at meeting?" Aunt Abbie said, "Three — 
 
 The Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost — me; 
 
 That makes four ! — a good meeting as could be desired !" 
 
 More came the next time; so folks, in that day. 
 
 On the beams held their meetings in old Rockaway. 
 
53 
 
 II. GENERAL WINDS OF ROCKAWAY 
 
 1776-7 
 
 O, have you heard the General pray, 
 
 Brave General Winds of Rockaway, 
 
 In the deacons' meetings that they hold. 
 Where patriots meet, both true and bold? 
 
 'Twas there I heard him, many a day, 
 
 Brave General Winds of Rockaway ! 
 
 In the old, unplastered church they met; 
 
 No parson was there the text to set: 
 But when the General once began, 
 Loud waxed the voice of that valiant man. 
 
 Oh, yes, I've heard him many a day. 
 
 Brave General Winds of Rockaway! 
 
 In thunder tones he prayed the Lord 
 And fervently His name implored 
 
 To break the oppressor's yoke and free 
 
 This land — the home of liberty. 
 The people loved to hear him pray. 
 Brave General Winds of Rockaway ! 
 
 And when at Chatham Bridge he stood 
 And faced the foe, they thought it good 
 To take a hint that the General dropped. 
 So they took to their heels and never stopped; 
 For he could fight as well as pray, 
 Brave General Winds of Rockaway ! 
 
 The first Sunday school in Morris county was started in 181 5 by 
 Mrs. Joseph Jackson (Electa Beach, the Colonel's second wife), who 
 gathered the children together in the old red schoolhouse near the 
 church. Before this date she and Mrs. James Jackson had instructed the 
 children in their own homes. 
 
 For several years the Mother Church was racked by the music 
 question. Should the hymns be "lined out" or sung without such pre- 
 liminaries? The old-style precentor, David Beman, led the party that 
 stood by the old custom. Young Benjamin Jackson led the younger ele- 
 ment of progressives. A compromise was tried, by which one party 
 should have charge of the morning service and the other party have 
 the afternoon service. Finally, after a long "unpleasantness," the 
 progressives won a permanent victory in 1792, due, perhaps, to the high 
 repute of Benjamin Jackson as a singer. There was no Caruso in those 
 days, but one who could lead the singing in meeting as wonderfully as 
 Benjamin Jackson could do it enjoyed an equally enviable renown in 
 these parts. 
 
54 
 
 THE METHODIST CHURCH AT MILLBROOK 
 NOTE : — In a former article we spoke of the Presbyterian Mother 
 Church of Dover. Since then Mr. Alonzo B. Searing has furnished me 
 with his excellent narrative of the Methodist Mother Church of Dover. 
 This was published sixteen years ago. I give it here in somewhat con- 
 densed form, but mostly in Mr. Searing's own words. Mr. Searing has 
 done a fine piece of historical work. The story of these self-reliant and 
 godly people who maintained the influences of the Gospel among these 
 picturesque, sequestered hills is worthy of record. It is a part of 
 Dover's moral environment. This Mother Church now desires to build 
 <i parsonage and so provide a dwelling for a resident pastor to carry on 
 the good work of former years among the hills South of Dover. 
 
 The Methodist Episcopal Church at Millbrook celebrated its sev- 
 enty-third anniversary September i6, 1906, having been dedicated July 
 1st, 1883. This was the first Methodist Church erected in Randolph 
 Townshi]). The committee in charge of the celebration in 1906, con- 
 sisted of William S. Dalrymple, Ella Dalrymple, John Pugsley, Charles 
 Palmer, William C. Spargo, William W. Searing and Alonzo B. Sear- 
 ing. The pastor was Rev. S. O. Rusby. Alonzo B. Searing read an 
 historical address of which a synopsis is given herewith. 
 
 MR. SEARING'S NARRATIVE 
 The germs of Methodism were first planted in Morris County by 
 those sincere and earnest Christians^ Philip Embury and Barbara Heck, 
 who emigrated to this country from Ireland, landing in New York on 
 August 10, 1760. Philip Embury was happily converted under the 
 preaching of John Wesley in 1752, and in the year 1766 preached his 
 first sermon in his own house in Park Place, New York, to an audience 
 of five persons, among whom was his devoted friend, Barliara Heck. 
 
 They then formed a class which increased in membership until it 
 was deemed advisable to erect a chapel in John street, New York, 
 in 1768. 
 
 In the British army, at that time occupying New York, was Cap- 
 tain Webb, an earnest Christian soldier, who, with Embury, preached 
 several times a week to large numbers of people, many of whom were 
 converted and joined the church. 
 
 In 1770, two more churches were Iniilt, one in Maryland and the 
 mother in Philadelphia. In 1769, John Wesley, recognized the need of 
 missionaries to aid the infant societies, sent Richard Boardman and 
 Joseph Pilmoor from England to this country. In 1771, he sent Francis 
 Asbary and Richard Wright, and in 1773 George Shad ford and 
 Thomas Rankin. 
 
 Philip Embury was the first Methodist class leader and local 
 preacher in Morris County. In June, 1773, the first American con- 
 ference was held in Philadelphia. There were then 1,160 members in 
 the .society, 200 being in New Jersey and the remainder in Virginia, 
 Maryland and New York. In 1776, the Methodist of New Jersey num- 
 l^red about 400. The growth of the church was somewhat disturbed 
 by the stru]^gle for independence. 
 
55 
 
 At the general conference held in Baltimore, December 24, 1784. 
 Francis Asbury and Thomas Coke were received as bishops. Thi 
 Methodist Church then had eighty-three preachers and 14,988 members. 
 In 1799 there were about 60,000 members. 
 
 The first Methodist house of worship in New Jersey was built in 
 1799 in Greenwich Township, Gloucester County. It was about 1799 
 that we have the first account of any established place of worship in 
 Randolph Township, this being in a large two-story frame house owned 
 by Sylvanus Lawrence, near the place where Albert DeHart resided for 
 many years, on the road from Center Grove to Succasunna Plains. This 
 house had formerly been used as a hotel and town meetings had been 
 held there. The society later built a more suitable stone house on the 
 crossroads, near the David Horton mine, to be used as a meeting house 
 and school house, with the name "Lawrenceville" inscribed over the 
 doors. But, as the building was not centrally located, it was not finished 
 for the purpose intended and for several years Methodist meetings were 
 held in a large stone barn near there belonging to Daniel Lawrence. Here, 
 with the horses and cattle in their stalls and the spacious barn floor 
 cleanly swept and rough seats arranged for the comfort of the attending 
 worshippers, those faithful servants of God, Rev. Francis A. Morell, 
 Mr. Morrow and others preached for several years. 
 
 As a majority of the members lived in Millbrook, the meeting place 
 was finally transferred to this village and services were held in the old 
 schoolhouse, which was built by Calvin Lawrence and formerly stood 
 by the side of the brook at the foot of the hill, near the present (1906) 
 schoolhouse. Rev. Solomon Parsons, when a young man, taught school 
 in the old schoolhouse. "There in the beautiful valley lying below us, 
 with the gentle murmur of the flowing waters of the brook as it rippled 
 over the stones and pebbles, the sound of which often came gently steal- 
 ing in the schoolhouse windows, mingling with the voice of prayer and 
 hymns of praise, for several years, the Revs. John Hancock, Alexander 
 Dickerson, Thomas Lovell, Isaac Winner and others labored with 
 marked success." 
 
 "In 1826, or 1827 the Rev. Thomas Lovell took up a subscription 
 to build a church in Dover, but for want of interest the project failed 
 and the society at Millbrook increasing, on or about 1831, they resolved 
 to build a church on the beautiful hill overlooking the village in the 
 valley. On the twenty-fifth of April, 1832, Horace S. Cooper and 
 Eunice, his wife, executed a deed by which, for twenty-five dollars, they 
 sold half an acre of ground to Halmah Francisco, James Morrison, 
 Jacob Lawrence, Horace S. Cooper, Robert Parsons, Jr., Elihue Mott 
 and Alexander Dickerson, trustees of the First Methodist Episcopal 
 Church, in the township of Randolph, County of Morris * * * land for 
 the new church. 
 
 The timber for the frame of the new building was freely donated 
 by different one* living near, and Messrs. John Powers, John Carrell and 
 other kind friends went in the woods and hewed out the larger timbers, 
 while the smaller pieces and floor boards of oak were sawn out by Sam- 
 uel Searing at his mill and given to the society. 
 
56 
 
 As these timbers were not seasoned, a kiln was built in which ta 
 dry them and a man employed to watch the drying process. At that 
 time temperance societies were almost unknown. The watchman 
 imbibed too freely of the juice of Jersey apples, neglected his duties, 
 and one Sabbath morning the kiln and its precious timbers were con- 
 sumed by fire. In no wise discouraged, David Lindsley and Simon Sear- 
 ing took their teams and heavy wagons and drove forty miles to Easton, 
 the nearest lumber yards, bringing back with them suitable timber for 
 immediate use. 
 
 The building contract was given to James Morrison, for a building 
 30 X 38 feet in size with a gallery in the west end. The seats were made 
 of plain pine boards. The church was warmed in winter by a wood fire 
 in a large square iron stove. Ground was broken for the foundation of 
 the new church in 1832 and the public generally turned out and raised 
 the frame. Among those present were the late Solomon Dalrymple and 
 John A. Briant, of Rockaway. who used to sing in the choir. 
 
 A Presidential campaign was then in progress betv/een Andrew 
 Jackson, Democrat, and Henry Clay, the Whig candidate. James Mor- 
 rison, the builder, was an ardent Whig, whilst David Trowbridge was a 
 Jackson Democrat. As the shades of evening approached, Trowbridge 
 secured a hickory bush and nailed it on top of the gable end. where it 
 was discovered by Morrison in the morning and hastily pulled down. 
 
 About September the cornerstone was laid and during the fall and 
 winter the church was enclosed, completed, and on July i, 1833, was 
 dedicated to the service of God by the same good man who laid the 
 corner-stone. Rev. D. Kennedy, of Brooklyn, N. Y. That date was made 
 historic in the family of Jacob Searing by the birth of a son, whom he 
 named Martin Van Buren, in honor of the Vice-President. 
 
 At that time the circuit or conference extended from Whippany tO' 
 Easton, and quarterly meetings would last two days. Visiting members 
 would lodge over night with friends belonging to the church where the 
 conference was held. 
 
 Among the First Preachers 
 
 Among the first preachers here were Rev. Caleb Lippincott and Mr. 
 Vliet. They preached alternately, and were succeeded by Rev. Vincent 
 Shepherd and Rev. James Hudson. About that time Dover was added 
 to the Rockaway and Millbrook charge. In 1838, Rev. James O. 
 Rogers was appointed to Millbrook and Dover. The people of Dover- 
 having long worshipped in a schoolhouse, it was resolved to build a 
 church there, 34 x 44, at a cost of $1,400, without painting. The Dover 
 church was finished and dedicated on December 27, 1838. Rev. James 
 O. Rogers labored here with much success until 1839. He was succeeded 
 by Rev. James M. Tuttle, who stayed two years. In the one hundredth 
 anniversary year of Methodism he collected $74 for the centenary com- 
 mittee of the New Jersey Conference. 
 
 The Methodist custom of changing ministers frequently brought, 
 many preachers to this charge. Rev. Rodney Winans came in 1841 ; 
 Rev. William E. Perry in 1842; Rev. Michael E. Ellison in 1843, Rev.. 
 
57. 
 
 N. Vansant in 1844; Rev. Joseph E. Dobbins in 1845 J ^^v. W. Burrows 
 in 1846; Rev. Jacob P. Fort in 1848. 
 
 In 1849, Halmah Francisco bequeathed $1,000 to be placed at inter- 
 est for the support of the minister having charge of the Millbrook and 
 Dover station. 
 
 In 1850 came Rev. Wilham WilHams Christine. In recording mar- 
 riages he made such entries as : "For this I received the large sum of $1." 
 In 1 85 1 came Rev. Edward M. Griffith. In 1852 the church was remod- 
 eled and refurnished, with new seats and two aisles and other improve- 
 ments at a cost of $435.75. 
 
 In 1853 came Rev. J. Ogden Winner; in 1854, Rev. Abraham M, 
 Palmer; in 1856, Rev. Garret Van Home. His salary was $500. There 
 were then 115 members and twenty-six probationers in the Millbrook 
 and Dover charge. Rev. Stacy W. Hilliard came in 1858, followed by 
 Rev. John Scarlett, Rev. E. A. Hill, Revs. Martin Herr, John W. Seran, 
 Charles S. Bolt. 
 
 In 1872 the Millbrook Church was separated from Dover and placed 
 with the Walnut Grove Church (established in 1843). I^i this charge 
 Rev. Ira Wilson was succeeded by Rev. Daniel Halleron. 
 
 On June 24, 1874, Messrs. Mahlon D. Coe, John Rodgers, Theodore 
 F. Mott, Martin V. B. Searing and D. S. Morrison were appointed a 
 building committee to repair and enlarge the church by an addition of 
 ten feet in the rear. The work was done by Mahlon D. Coe, at a cost 
 of about $400. The following ministers succeeded to the charge — Revs. 
 J. T. Michael, Henry Bice, E. H. Conklin and Thomas Rawlings. 
 
 During 1881-3 Millbrook was again placed with the Dover First 
 M. E. Church, in charge of Rev. H. D. Opdyke. A new organ was 
 bought, the cemetery fenced, the church papered and painted, and other 
 improvements made at a cost of $408.50, including labor given. 
 
 In 1884, this charge was placed with Mt. Fern Church, recently 
 built. Here John Melroy preached for one year, succeeded by Henry 
 J. Hayter, who preached at Millbrook, Walnut Grove and Mt. Fern 
 until April i, 1888. After him came F. J. Tomlinson. In 1891, Nelson 
 J. Brown was sent to Millbrook and Walnut Grove, followed by Jacob 
 Tyndall and Andrew J. Henry, the latter from 1896 to 1900. 
 
 Rev. Merritt C. Reed followed. The church was improved and 
 made more beautiful with a new pulpit and altar railing. Mr. Reed 
 died in 190 1, in the parsonage at Alt. Freedom. (The name Mt. Free- 
 dom was changed to Walnut Grove by the first postmaster there. After- 
 wards the name was changed back to Mt. Freedom.) After Mr. Reed 
 came Asa C. Covey and Samuel O. Rusby. 
 
 The beautiful maple trees which surround the church were given 
 by Robert Parsons as a living memorial of himself and wife. He died 
 in 1864. His son, Rev. Solomon Parsons, presented the bell which 
 since 1893 has sounded over the surrounding hills and valleys. 
 
 "To-day (1906) we would remember our former class leader, John 
 Spargo, whose familiar question, 'How does your soul prosper to-day?' 
 still lingers in our minds. And Jacob Searing, Sr., for many years 
 
58 
 
 the superintendent of this Sabbath School, whose earnest voice in prayer 
 those who heard it will never forget. With loving memory we recall 
 the familiar faces of D. S. Morrison, John Rodgers, Mrs. Mahlon D. 
 Coe, Melinda Gillen and many others. 
 
 "To my parents I am indebted for a large part of this historical 
 .account. My mother, Mrs. Samuel J. Searing, who loved this church 
 and served the Lord for about sixty years, died August i, 1895, in her 
 eighty-fifth year. My father, Samuel J. Searing, who was a faithful 
 attendant at the church services for a large majority of the time since 
 its erection, took an active and loving interest in serving as its sexton 
 until his death, which occurred February 24, 1890, in his eighty-first 
 year." 
 
 MILLBROOK 
 
 We have paid our respects briefly to Rockaway and its religious 
 dependencies. Let us now turn for a few moments to Millbrook, which, 
 with the Quaker settlement at Randolph, once surpassed Dover in com- 
 mercial prosperity and diversity of industries, besides having a meeting 
 house of its own in the old Quaker Church, founded in 1748, built 1758. 
 
 For a poetical sketch of this village we are indebted to Mr. Theodore 
 F. Mott, of East Orange, whose younger days were spent at Millbrook, 
 the home of his ancestors. The family of De la Motte was of French 
 Huguenot extraction. When religious persecution drove many of the 
 Tsest families of France from their native land. America profited by the 
 migration to her shores of these most desirable pilgrims, and some of 
 them penetrated the wilds of New Jersey, mingled with the Quakers, and 
 •settled on the hills back of Dover. 
 
 Mr. Mott is now about eighty-three years of age, and feels the 
 weight of infirmity that comes with years. In this poem he presents to 
 us his aflfectionate reminiscences of his native village. The village that 
 he knew has indeed vanished, but Millbrook is still alive, if we may 
 judge from the sixty members of the Sunday school held in the Metho- 
 dist Church, a building erected in 1833. Sooner or later many of the 
 young people of Millbrook find their way to the Dover High School. 
 
 There is said to be more building going on in Millbrook than for 
 twenty-five years back. This may lead to a new prosperity in place of 
 the industrial supremacy that once marked the village by the brook. Mill- 
 brook is already, and may become still more, a residential suburb to 
 Dover's commercial center. Those salubrious hills back there, with an 
 elevation of eight hundred to a thousand feet above sea, are being 
 appreciated once more. The early settlers made no mistake in picking 
 out a good building site when they located the Quaker Church, and the 
 automobile is now making these picturesque hilltops available as never 
 before for rural villas, to rebuild the waste places of "the vanished 
 village." 
 
59 
 
 OLD MILLBROOK 
 
 A Vanished Village 
 A letter from Theodore F. Mott to a far-away friend 
 
 My dear old friend : — This stormy night 
 I sit alone ; the clock strikes nine. 
 
 In reminiscent mood I write, 
 
 As you request, of Auld Lang Syne. 
 
 Then let us to the Jersey hills 
 
 On fancy's ever-ready wings, 
 And view the dell, once strewn with mills — 
 
 Now vanished and forgotten things. 
 
 \'our memory recalls the dell 
 
 We knew so well in other days : 
 That picture bid a long farewell ; 
 
 Those scenes no longer meet our gaze. 
 
 'Tis true, the valley still is there 
 
 And opens, as in by-gone days. 
 On meadows green and woodlands fair 
 
 And grassy fields where cattle graze. 
 
 The lofty, wooded southern hill 
 Still casts its shadow o'er the dale; 
 
 The pleasant northern landscape still 
 Descends to meet the lonely vale. 
 
 The rills still run to meet the brook ; 
 
 The brook still hastens to the river; 
 Yes, Nature wears her old-time look ; 
 
 'Tis what Man wrought that's gone forever — 
 
 The men of old who walked its street, 
 Who did their work and said their say, 
 
 Whose old-time ways no more we greet, 
 Who lived their lives and passed away. 
 
 The industries our fathers knew. 
 
 The places where they toiled and spun, 
 
 Have also vanished like a dew 
 Beneath a risen summer sun. 
 
 You say decades have come and gone 
 Since last you saw the dear old spot; 
 
6o 
 
 Well, then my pen shall dwell upon 
 
 Some thing's nerhaps vou've half forgot. 
 
 Remember you the old-time bridge 
 
 That spanned the brook from many a hill — 
 
 The brook that skirts the mountain's edge 
 To reach the pond of the old grist mill? 
 
 Remember you the long rope walk, 
 The race, the flume, the big stone mill, 
 
 The three mill ponds where the frogs would talk 
 When night fell down and the air was still ? 
 
 Remember you the cooper shop 
 
 That stood hard by a cottage door. 
 And the giant walnut tree whose top 
 
 Towered high the shop and cottage o'er ? 
 
 Remember you the old shoe shop 
 
 Hard by the pond where three roads meet. 
 
 And the little old man (whose name we'll drop) 
 Who cobbled shoes for his neighbor's feet? 
 
 Remember you the old-time forge 
 
 Whose fires glowed far the darkest night? 
 
 ('Twas said that in that cave-like gorge 
 They first made iron with anthracite.' 
 
 All these and many other things 
 
 That met our vision long ago 
 Have vanished like the curling rings 
 
 Of smoke when northern breezes blow. 
 
 The old-time schoolhouse by the brook 
 
 Stood in a landscape passing fair ; 
 We passed that way and pause to look — 
 
 There's naught to show 'twas ever there. 
 
 The old-time sawmill up the stream. 
 Whose buzz we hear din days of yore, 
 
 Shows here and there a wasting beam. 
 
 And the ancient wheel goes 'round no more. 
 
 The old bark mill, whose ponderous beams 
 And gray sides weathered many a gale — 
 
 Now, save in memory's transient gleams, 
 There's nothing left to tell the tale. 
 
6r 
 
 Beside this mill no schoolboy dreams 
 
 That, near a hundred years ago 
 A tan yard lay ! to-day it seems 
 
 A patch of land where wild things grow. 
 
 The old-time grist mill, down the dale, 
 
 Still stands beneath the wooded hill ; 
 The brook goes murmuring down the vale ; 
 
 The old, deserted wheel stands still. 
 
 And so from place to place we go 
 
 As in a dream one wanders 'round ; 
 "We seek a home we used to know, 
 
 And find the spot forsaken ground. 
 
 So vanish in the shadowy past 
 
 The old landmarks we used to see, 
 And, though we're living still, at last 
 
 The same will happen to you and me. 
 
 'lis true, old friend, our journey's end 
 
 Is drawing near — almost in sight; 
 Old times are gone; we journey on 
 
 Till our day, too, is wrapped in night. 
 
 The clock strikes twelve. The storm has passed ; 
 
 The stars and full-orbed moon now shine, 
 And o'er our vale their soft light cast 
 
 As in the days of Auld Lang Syne. 
 
 Mourn not of vanished things as strange; 
 
 The wide, wide world is like our dell ; 
 If men progress, there must be change; 
 
 And now, old friend, good night, farewell! 
 
 p. s. — When next I write, I'll try to tell 
 
 What old tradition says befell. 
 Before our time, the busy dell. 
 
 Again, good night, and fare thee well ! 
 
 East Orange, N. J., July 26, 191 5. 
 
62 
 
 THE IRON ERA: "POETIC" 
 
 The Iron Era was founded in 1870, as we read on the face of its 
 successor, The Advance. It was truly an era in town history to have a 
 newspaper and one with such an editor as John S. Gibson. Benjamin 
 Vogt was first editor and proprietor. To give an adequate sketch of 
 The Era in all its functions is beyond my present purpose and ability. 
 Others could do it better. But I am prepared to say something about 
 one of its features that may be regarded as of least importance, namely, 
 the little space that bore the heading, "Poetic." 
 
 Under this title — and it was no misnomer — appeared a number of 
 short poems signed "Felix Danton." There was no one in Dover by 
 that name, and readers of the history of the French Revolution saw in 
 it a nom-de-plume, for the writer of such poems as "The Old Quaker 
 Church at Millbrook," "Dover in 1879" and "An Echo from the Mine" 
 was evidently interested in Dover. Consideralile curiosity was aroused 
 in the "iron town" to know who could be extracting poetry from its 
 furnaces and smokestacks. One and another were charged with being 
 "the guilty party," and the accusation was finally directed against a 
 young man, a carpenter by trade, one who from boyhood had worked in 
 the iron mills, well acquainted with hard labor. To him the question was 
 put, plump: "Are you Felix Danton?" 
 
 Not being skilled in the arts of evasion, such as the author of the 
 Waverley Novels employed, he could not escape the imputation. It 
 leaked out that the writer of those poems, printed in the local paper, was 
 Uzal Newton Crane, of Crane Hill, and he was pestered not a little by 
 the remarks that followed this discovery. Being a modest and sensitive 
 soul (as all young poets should be), he reaped quite a harvest of misery 
 (as many others have done) from this apparently capital offense. 
 
 Mr. Gibson, the editor, encouraged the village bard to keep on writ- 
 ing, and thus a small collection of verse was published in "The Poet's 
 Corner" of The Era. I, as local historian and gleaner of Dover verse, 
 have come into possession of a baker's dozen of these poems, and con- 
 sider them worthy of the term, "poetic." 
 
 Mr. Crane's immediate ancestors had come up from Springfield,. 
 near Newark. No doubt they were a part of that great clan descended 
 from the Newark Cranes, a clan that soon spread over the adjacent parts 
 of New Jersey, being found in Elizabeth, Bloomfield, Caldwell, and at 
 Montclair when it was known as "Crane's Farms." They now numl)er 
 thousands, and are scattered far. The "Crane Book" is a bulky volume, 
 and reaches back into European history. 
 
 But the poet of Crane Hill, at Dover, knew nothing about such 
 genealogical lore. As a little boy he attended the district school at Center 
 Grove, and was a pupil of Miss Carrie A. Breese. the sister of Miss 
 Harriet Breese. Their father kept a store where the Richards store now 
 stands in Dover. Miss Carrie Breese was a poet. Her pastor. Rev. Dr. 
 Halloway. collected and published a volume of her poems. In brief, 
 the little schoolhouse at Center Grove is hereby credited with having 
 
63 
 
 on its roll of fame one teacher who was a poet and one pupil who 
 became one. The course of study at Center Grove was limited in extent, 
 but good as far as it went, judging from results. Dover High School 
 still draws recruits from this retired seat of the muse 
 
 POEMS OF UZAL NEWTON CRANjt. 
 
 First Published in The Iron Era 
 
 DOVER 
 
 January 17, 1879 
 
 "The gray barns, looking from" our "hazy hills'' 
 Stand "blind and blackening" in the bitter gales ; 
 
 They send no greeting to our silent mills, 
 "On the dulf thunder of alternate flails." 
 
 Our city, soon, like Auburn, to become 
 A sad, "deserted village" of the plain, 
 
 Lulled by the echoes of departed hum, 
 
 Spreads her dark mantle for repose again. 
 
 No more sweet music from her mills arise, 
 Where rolls the sullen Rockaway to sea ; 
 
 O'er once bright waters swings a "bridge of sighs," 
 As dark as old Venetian dungeons be. 
 
 Spurning the frozen fetters on its breast, 
 
 It leaves the icy arches far behind. 
 And leaves our city in her gloomy rest 
 
 To dream of greatness that she will not find. 
 
 Oh ! must she longer in her languor lie, 
 
 Her strong arms from all enterprise kept chained? 
 
 "Awake, St. John!" and Dover will not die; 
 She yet may be a "Paradise Regained!" 
 
 At the time this was written the rolling mills were shut down, and 
 other industries of the present (1921) were unknown. 
 
 AN ECHO FROM THE MINE 
 
 Ye wise and good men, ye who stand 
 
 By old Potomac's side, 
 In the high councils of a land 
 
 That millions claim v/ith pride. 
 Let not the subtle words that sweep 
 Like sirens' voices o'er the deep, 
 
 Enslave our hands, by toil made brown, 
 
 Nor throw our labor's rampart down. 
 
:64 
 
 The banner of bright stripes and stars 
 
 From sea to sea that waves 
 Was not defended in the wars 
 
 To be the flag of slaves. 
 Let Europe's bondman, seeking yet 
 A home where those stars never set, 
 
 Lose here his fetters and his frown; 
 
 Oh, take not labor's rampart down! 
 
 The flames of furnace, forge and mills 
 
 That night's low clouds enfold 
 Are fair as those on Persian hills 
 
 Which virgins fed of old. 
 So deems the freeborn son of toil 
 Who turns him homeward with a smile. 
 
 And feels prosperity his crown ; 
 
 Oh, take not labor's rampart down ! 
 
 THE DAWN OF BETTER TIMES 
 
 Behold the dawn that lireaks uix)n 
 
 Our fair and favored shore ! 
 O'er land and sea prosperity 
 
 Comes smiling back once more. 
 A rosy ray illumes to-day 
 
 Our lono^ dark -clouded climes ; 
 The night is spent, the Orient 
 
 Is bright with better times. 
 
 Oh, welcome light that drives the night 
 
 Of dull depression by ! 
 Her dragon wing no more shall fling 
 
 A shadow on our sky. 
 To cheer the earth a song goes forth 
 
 As sweet as silver chimes ; 
 It is a song unsung so long — • 
 
 The hum of better times. 
 
 The furnace blast sends up at last 
 
 A shower of fiery spray; 
 The hammers ring, for iron is king. 
 
 And Vulcan's clans are gay. 
 The farmer toils — the grocer smiles, 
 
 Delighted with his dimes. 
 For he is blest beyond the rest 
 
 Through all the better times. 
 
65 
 
 REMEMBRANCE 
 
 We bring new garlands for his bed 
 
 In all the beauty of their bloom ; 
 With love that will not fade we spread 
 
 Our sweetest tokens on his tomb. 
 
 More than a hero sleepeth here 
 
 Under the shading cypress green, 
 Whose dauntless deeds have made him dear 
 
 Beyond all heroes ever seen. 
 
 No shining chaplet for his brow 
 
 Can charm him from his glory sleep; 
 
 Nor words of praise awake him now, 
 Though loud and like the thunder deep. 
 
 With love, far-reaching as the sky 
 
 We deck the soldier's bed with flowers ; 
 
 He bravely bought us victory 
 And made its glad fruition ours. 
 
 Henceforth we can but emulate 
 
 His noble deeds, should war betide, 
 Our Union to perpetuate 
 
 And the dear flag for which he died. 
 
 A DOVER-TO-MINE HILL RAMBLE 
 
 One Sunday afternoon I strolled out to see where John Jackson 
 had located his forge. In imagination I traced his pioneer trail along 
 the brook that flows through Hurd Park and saw the log cabin that 
 he built near the spring of water on the north side of the park. Then I 
 went on to the probable site of the forge, near Singleton's Silk Mill. I 
 was picking my way over the brook and exploring the old roadway 
 when I met a fellow citizen of Dover, who was also out for a stroll. He 
 seemed to be treading familiar ground, for he leaped nimbly over the 
 water-courses and threaded his way through the bogs, never at a loss 
 which way to turn next. I told him of my interest in the old landmarks, 
 and he promptly entered into the spirit of my quest and volunteered to 
 be my guide for further research. He became the leader and I the fol- 
 lower. 
 
 We visited the Catholic cemetery, and here we met the priest of 
 St. Mary's Church. We followed the old trail west of Granny's Brook 
 leading to the Dickerson Mine, and noted the houses now accessible by 
 automobile where once had been, a bridle path through the wilderness. 
 Beyond Indian Falls we scrambled through the woods in search of the 
 
66 
 
 hermit's hut, and finally discovered the stone walls of the cellar and 
 storeroom and the fallen chimney stones and the byre for the cow. The 
 clearing through which we passed to reach the hut gave evidence of 
 former plowed fields and a garden spot belonging to this retired forest 
 home, last occupied by Elias Millen in hermit solitude. When George 
 Jenkins and Pearce Rogers were boys they once were roaming in these 
 woods with other boys, and the hermit invited them to enter his cramped 
 dwelling. He asked them if they could eat any buckwheat cakes hot 
 from the briddle. They expressed a readiness, so he cooked flapjacks 
 for them as long as they could stow them away, adding to the menu 
 from his store of hickory nuts. I was much impressed with the wild 
 beauty and romantic surroundings of the hermit's hut, and felt a secret 
 longing to restore the hermitage. I took note of the approach on the 
 south side, where a grapevine ran wild among the branches of a tree 
 in the line of a stone fence. Did the hermit cultivate grapes? There 
 were signs of apple trees here and there — now wild and forlorn. 
 
 From this point we came out into an open pasture lot not far from 
 Mt. Fern Church, and made our way along through open fields until, 
 somehow or other, we found ourselves jumping this way and that, like 
 a pair of frogs, through a big boggy pasture that sloped down to a 
 stream and a road that led past an old reservoir from which water once 
 descended to turn a wheel on Granny's Brook, and the wheel turned an 
 iron rod, if I remember, which was so designed that it could pump 
 water from a mine, if I am not mistaken. And if you grasped this iron 
 rod with your bare hand on a frosty morning you would have hard work 
 to tear yourself loose from it, as some boy once discovered to his cost, 
 learning a lesson in physics. 
 
 We next traveled along a road that led to Tom Johnson's old home, 
 or the hole in the ground that used to be the cellar. Oh, yes, my com- 
 panion was Thomas F. Johnson, the monument man. who had led me 
 through bog and briar bush to the place where he was "once a little lad," 
 years ago. But on the way — and I have not described our course with 
 the precision of a mariner — he had told me about the days when he used 
 to trudge to school through the woodland paths that he had traversed, 
 still dear to his heart through old associations. And so I got an intimate 
 view of the life once lived out there in those rugged fastnesses where 
 the hermit, like the prophet Elisha at Cherith, once drank from the 
 brook (the brook is there yet). 
 
 As we turned toward Mine Hill Church, somewhere out there we 
 came to a corner where a great iron ring was suspended. In case of 
 fire this was struck by an iron hammer, thus giving the alarm in earlier 
 days or even yet. And now we stumbled upon the modern world again 
 as we reached the vicinity of the old Hartshorn Fitz Randolph mansion, 
 destroyed by fire in 1876, 4th of July. Hartshorn Fitz Randolph was 
 the Quaker who in 1753 bought John Jackson's tract of 527 acres. What 
 a tale we might unfold here about the old Quaker! But the modem 
 world revealed itself at this point in the form of an automobile pertain- 
 
67 
 
 ing to a party of Mine Hill prospectors for church subscriptions, and 
 almost before we were aware, we were gliding homeward smoothly and 
 swiftly in William Bassett's up-to-date car, thus reaching Dover in good 
 season for supper, after our historical ramble. 
 
 Not long after I found the following verses among my papers, relat- 
 ing to the life at Mine Hill sixty years ago. I think Tom Johnson 
 must have slipped them into my overcoat pocket when I was not looking. 
 
 THE LIFE AT MINE HILL 
 (About i860) 
 
 Simple the life they lived — barefooted boys in the morning 
 Trudged to school through the woods, or broke the ice with a heel-tap. 
 Springtime brought the birds ; a pheasant's nest by the wayside, 
 Hidden among the leaves, was not overlooked by the schoolboy. 
 Jackson's Brook had its trout; arbutus bloomed in profusion. 
 Hemlocks filled the glen ; and the brook was swelled by the waters 
 Pumped from the Millen Mine when times were good and the forges 
 Called for iron ore and the miner's hands were kept busy. 
 Those were the days of thrift, plain fare and plenty; each household 
 Kept its cow in the big boggy pasture ; the children at evening 
 Had great bowls of milk — reward for bringing the cows home. 
 When the panic came and times grew hard you could scarcely 
 Find a stick of wood on the forest floor ; all were gathered, 
 Tied in faggots and brought by the children home for the winter. 
 One slight lad or lass would carry a hundredweight, staggering 
 Under the load through the woodland paths, to replenish the woodpile. 
 Bassett came, and the cows that once were kept by each household 
 Now gave way to a herd of western cattle ; the milkman 
 Called at each door betimes, and his bell, with its insistent clangor, 
 Summoned the housewife, where once she heard a musical tinkle 
 Telling of one home-coming cow with udder full for the milking. 
 
 ON POETRY 
 Dear Readers : 
 
 I have invited several persons to co-operate with me in keeping up 
 this column, but at the present moment I am without an article for the 
 next issue of THE INDEX. However. I can always fill a column with 
 poetry, if all else fails. (Call it verse if you prefer.) I can assure you 
 that some serious matters are receiving attention ; but now let us turn to 
 poetry. 
 
 In the first place I should be pleased to know whether you regard 
 poetry as a serious matter or not. For my part, I am and always have 
 been a lover of Mother Goose. I have a large edition of Mother Goose 
 containing all varieties of nonsense verses, many of them traced back for 
 centuries by students of folklore. There is something about these 
 rhymes and jingles and their non-chalant style of wit and humor and 
 
68 
 
 sheer nonsense that is quite refreshing to the mind after reading Caesar's 
 Commentaries on the GalHc War. I feel that Mother Goose is full of 
 poetry and that Caesar's Commentaries are not. If Caesar had written 
 the Commentaries in poetry perhaps there would have been fewer Gauls 
 slaughtered and fewer sold into slavery. He might have "had a heart" 
 or might have charmed the enemy into willing submission by means of 
 the gentle art. 
 
 Many of us had the pleasure last week of hearing our distinguished 
 neighbor, Hudson Maxim of Lake Hopatcong, deliver a lecture on 
 poetry, saying that real poetry is suffused with emotion and possesses a 
 transcendent quality which lifts it above the regions of common sense 
 and mathematics into the realms of figurative and imaginative speech to 
 such a degree that, if judged by mere common sense, it would appear 
 to be sheer nonsense. Whether it was his intention to include Mother 
 Goose rhymes under this definition of poetry, I am not so sure. From 
 one point of view it would seem that nonsense is not always poetry, and 
 from another point of view we are told that real poetry is always non- 
 sense. Paul speaks of "the foolishness of preaching," and Mr. Maxim 
 declares in effect that there is likewise a "foolishness of poetry." Quite 
 right. He hit the nail on the head and yet he had no hammer and nails 
 on the stage. 
 
 I have often tried to get my friends to tell me whether I wrote 
 poetry or verse, but critics are inadequate to the task. Some have said 
 frankly that my verse was prose, but very good prose. One should not 
 take offense at sincere and kindly criticism. Malicious and spiteful 
 remarks are apt to wound the feelings of sensitive persons, but that is 
 another matter. We can all welcome the search for truth. And this 
 topic is now receiving wide-spread attention. I acknowledge that I 
 do often write verse, slightly removed from prose, and then again a 
 little more removed, and I have felt like testing the critics quite as Mr. 
 Maxim did by his shrewd device, but on a different line. So many 
 higher critics are ready to assure us just which play Shakespeare wrote 
 first and which last, which epistle Paul wrote first and which last, that I 
 wonder if they could pronounce judgment with equal infallibility upon 
 my writings. In my case I have dated all my manuscripts, so that my 
 heirs may be able to check up the critics in their conclusions. The critics 
 would have been spared much worriment if Shakespeare had been equally 
 thoughtful. 
 
 But I must not pursue this discussion too far or as far as half a 
 century of research would enable me to do, with quotations from the 
 Greek, the Latin, the Germans, French, modern English and Old Eng- 
 lish, and dialects thrown in. This column is dedicated to "Dover Dates." 
 Let me add a few poems written by Dover poets and see if anyone can 
 tell whether these specimens are verse or poetry and who wrote them and 
 whether written early in life or at the end or middle of a career. Inci- 
 dentally they illustrate the history and the poetic art of Dover, and 
 Valentine's Day is coming. 
 
69 
 
 PROSE AND POETRY 
 
 Call it music, call it magic, 
 
 Call it what you may ; 
 Be the story grim and tragic, 
 
 Be it blithe and gay ; 
 When the poet tells it, somehow, 
 
 Words will dance along : 
 "Ho!" they seem to carol, "Come now! 
 
 Listen to our song !" 
 
 More than plodding words, they tingle 
 
 Now with tune and time, 
 As they cunningly commingle 
 
 Sound and sense and rhyme. 
 Prose may trudge through shine or vapor 
 
 To the journey's end ; 
 But the poet cuts a caper, 
 
 Makes the world his friend. 
 
 Is it cadence, rhyme or meter — 
 
 Fancy's imag'ry? 
 Something makes a music sweeter — 
 
 Swaying melody ! 
 Miracle of art, transcending 
 
 Common sense; sublime. 
 Inspiration mounts, ascending 
 
 Heights prose cannot climb. 
 
 TO MY MOTHER 
 
 My Mother, I've been wont to dream 
 An hour away, of some fair stream, 
 
 Or tranquil sea — 
 Of flowery fields, with the soft gleam 
 
 Of stars on me: 
 To-night I have a dearer theme — 
 
 It is of thee! 
 
 Thou hast been here as though alone. 
 While I so far from thee have flown 
 
 On Fancy's wing! 
 But not forgotten, Mother dear, 
 Thou art the first whom I revere, 
 
 While wandering. 
 I'll stay to-night, thy heart to cheer, 
 
 And tribute bring. 
 
70 
 
 I have no jewels nor broad lands, 
 No gold to bring thy aged hands, 
 
 Nor laces fine. 
 Had I the gem's of Afric's sands. 
 
 They should be thine. 
 I bring my heart and love's warm smile, 
 And faithful hands to help thee while 
 
 Thy days dprh'ne. 
 
 A SONG OF DOVER 
 
 O DOVER dear, thou art our light, 
 
 Our hope for future days, 
 And here within thy tranquil heart 
 
 We'll always chant thy praise. 
 To thee we dedicate our lives, 
 
 O town of true delight. 
 To seek the day and shun the dark 
 
 By justice, peace, and right. 
 
 Long may'st thou live, O Dover, fair 
 
 With vale and verdant hill ; 
 Thy charms, thy moods, thy rustic scenes, 
 
 Our hearts with rapture thrill 
 Time's fleeting hours we'll ever use 
 
 To make a heaven on earth 
 And cherish, thought we far may roam. 
 
 Thy name of noble worth. 
 
 So on through life, O Dover dear, 
 
 Thou'U still remembered be. 
 And Time shall but more closely bind 
 
 Our heart of hearts to thee. 
 No storm shall turn thee from thy course 
 
 Where dauntless virtue leads. 
 For we shall e'er be by thy side 
 
 With good and noble deeds. 
 
 DAVIE FINKEL 
 
 There's a lad named Davie Finkel 
 
 And his eyes are all a-twinkle, 
 As he joins the lads and lassies from Mt. l^reedom far away, 
 
 When they ride to school each morning, 
 
 Eager for the bright adorning 
 That the Dover High bestows upon its pupils blithe and gay. 
 
71 
 
 While the stars are still a-twinkle, 
 
 He must rise, this Davie Finkel, 
 Feed the cattle and the chickens — snatch a bite for Davie, too ; 
 
 Then get ready for a sleighride, 
 
 For a jingling, tingling gay ride 
 In the carry-all for Dover with its merry-hearted crew. 
 
 You can hear the cowbells tinkle, 
 
 As you ride with Davie Finkel 
 Past the pastures and the meadows in the merry month of May. 
 
 And the lads and lassies merry 
 
 Vie with bloom of peach and cherry, 
 As they breathe the spicy fragrance of the orchards by the way. 
 
 Yes, when April showers sprinkle 
 
 Fields and flowers, Davie Finkel 
 Loves to hail the curtained coach that comes to carry him to town ; 
 
 And he smiles his smile so cheery, 
 
 Spite of breezes bleak and dreary, 
 When the winter suns so early with the mercury go down. 
 
 Who can say what Davie Finkel, 
 
 With those snappy eyes a-twinkle. 
 May become when time has added magic of the passing years; 
 
 Be he business man or farmer, 
 
 He must buckle on his armor 
 And sturdily stand for the right, triumphant over fears. 
 
 And when time has added wrinkles 
 
 To his brow, some little Finkels 
 May be calling him "Dear Grandpa !" as they climb upon his knee. 
 
 Oh, we never know what's coming. 
 
 While the wheels of time are humming 
 And the years go rolling, rolling, rolling over you and me ! 
 
 FORD'S POND 
 
 In our town on a warm Spring day 
 The children, busy with their play, 
 Flock to their favorite playmate fond, 
 Dearest of all— BILLY FORD'S POND. 
 
 BILLY FORD knows many a game — 
 You may have heard of his wondrous fame — 
 "Robinson Crusoe," "Digging for Pearls," 
 Sailing rafts to terrify girls. 
 
72 
 
 Fishing and swimming are the games BILL can plaw 
 And even others on a cold winter day , 
 Then grown folks with hockey club vigorously skate 
 And worship old BILL for a winter playmate. 
 
 But in the summertime, sad to behold, 
 
 Poor old BILL'S fate is sad to be told ; 
 
 For then his vacation he takes for months always, 
 
 And drains far away till the colder days. 
 
 The reason is, BILL'S constitution so light 
 Simply can't stand the mosquitoes' keen bite; 
 But we hope sincerely that the town will endeavor 
 To keep poor old BILL in their memory forever. 
 
 TO MY MUSE 
 
 My heart delights in freedom most 
 When fettered close to thee ; 
 
 For then it can an Eden boast 
 Of true felicity. 
 
 Then from my mind the shackles fall 
 Of irksome, dull constraint; 
 
 Then voices from my kingdom call 
 And banish sad complaint. 
 
 Then I can be myself, can feel 
 
 Myself a living soul ; 
 Then Love's sweet magic doth reveal 
 
 The joy that makes life whole. 
 
7S 
 
 FROM MY PORCH 
 
 (An Address to the Port Oram Social and Literary Club, delivered 
 July 31, 1919, by Charles D, Piatt.) 
 
 From my perch on my porch, as I lift up my eyes 
 To the hills in the North, two great chimney stacks rise ; 
 Above the horizon line darkly they show 
 While a huge slag-heap gray stretches out just below; 
 5 And off to the westward, half-hid 'mid the trees. 
 
 Is the village of WHARTON, as snug as you please; 
 Not a summer resort, but some good folks live there 
 Who know how to husband their earnings with care — 
 Hardworking, intelligent; that's where you'll find 
 
 10 THE PORT ORAM SOCIAL AND LIT'RARY CLUB : 
 There they meet every Thursday to tune up the mind. 
 Get their thoughts off of shop and their hands from the tub. 
 There their wise men and women discuss and debate 
 The welfare of nations, grave problems of state, 
 
 15 And how this old Universe ought to be run — 
 Yes, all that is, has been, or yet shall be done, 
 They study and ponder, with searching of hearts — 
 The arts, science, statecraft, the poets, the marts. 
 Believe me, good friends, I'm propounding no joke. 
 
 20 Those chimney stacks, crowned with a halo of smoke, 
 
 Mark the great WHARTON FURNACE, where tons upon tons 
 
 Of iron are extracted from ore — see! it runs 
 
 White-hot into molds ; hear the solid bars clink, 
 
 In the night, as they fall into cars ; and then think, 
 
 25 As you watch the hot metal from huge cauldrons pour, 
 How those same little pigs helped to win the great war; 
 How skyscrapers, tunnels, plows, dreadnoughts, airplanes. 
 And hammers and hatchets and jackknives and nails 
 Are born from iron ore by the help of man's brains 
 
 30 And the hands, hard and grimy, that tote dinner pails. 
 At night all the sky is lit up by the glare. 
 The flare and the glare of the dumpheap up there. 
 When the slag, glowing hot, is thrown out: years ago, 
 I wondered, in Morristown, seeing that glow, 
 
 35 At the outburst of glory, so sudden, so bright. 
 That flares up and quivers and shivers and thrills 
 From WHARTON, way back in the North Jersey hills. 
 — Even so the bright gleam of this CLUB that meets here 
 Shines forth like a beacon of hope, far and near. 
 
 40 A pillar of cloud from these smokestacks by day 
 Rises up to the sky and anon drifts away; 
 And a pillar of fire from the slagheap at night 
 Starts me up out of bed to behold the weird sight. 
 So we people in DOVER see there in the North 
 
74 
 
 45 The portents of work and of wages gleam forth; 
 Bright days of Prosperity ride on the cloud 
 That darkens the landscape, but brings in the crowd, 
 Till our trolleys are thronged and our merchants rejoice 
 And fill up their shops with all merchandise choice : 
 
 50 Keen for the NEW ERA, with far-reaching eye, 
 In vision they see it from WHARTON draw nigh. 
 Such visions I see from my house on the hill. 
 In DOVER, as, scanning the landscape, I muse 
 On the map spread before me — the iron mine, the mill, 
 
 55 The factory, shop, store — I cannot refuse 
 
 My blessing upon them — the schoolhouse, the church, 
 The homes of the people ; through all these I search. 
 Is this fairyland here? — and you answer — "No, no!" 
 But a scene full of meaning I see spread below. 
 
 60 These homes swarm with children, young lives spring up here, 
 And fill the whole landscape with hope and with cheer, 
 Like ore from the mines, precious ore, soon to be 
 Transformed into. men, women, happy and free; 
 Into workmen, workwomen, and fathers and mothers, 
 
 65 Into storekeepers, teachers and preachers and others. 
 All made from this ore that comes out of the homes 
 That you see from my porch as your eye widely roams. 
 And there in the offing lies WHARTON, you know, 
 And the PORT ORAM SOCIAL AND LIT'RARY CLUB 
 That meets in the schoolhouse — 'tis there I must go, 
 
 70 Getting out of my own philosophical tub, 
 
 And talk about POETRY, POETRY, PO— 
 
 Yes, POETRY, under the shadow, almost. 
 
 Of those stark, sooty stacks that seem built up to roas' 
 
 The stars in the heavens. Now what can they know 
 
 75 Of POETRY, over in WHARTON ?— Hello ! 
 
 A program ! Let's see ! 'Tis their twenty-third year ; 
 
 Organized, '96; wonder how I will fit 
 
 In with all this exhibit of culture? — See here! 
 
 A pure feast of reason, a menu of wit 
 
 80 And wisdom is temptingly served a la Mill; 
 
 And current events have their place, as you will. 
 (These people are adepts; this looks like high art!) 
 Peace Treaty discussion by Ely, Rosevear; 
 (These men are old stagers and critics, I fear.) 
 
 85 Art Lecture by Miiller, Hopatcong — yes, yes ! 
 (The father of two of my pupils, I guess.) 
 (This dish Mrs. Ely of DOVER prepared: 
 Ah, so! woman's wit in this orgy has shared!) 
 The World War, its lessons, by Beams, Elmer E., 
 
 90 And Smith, Ryan, Williams (my schoolboys I see 
 
 Among these old heads). Why, .this looks rather nice! 
 
75 
 
 A Scotch night with Hunter — the chef, Dr. Kice; 
 Debate, Bolshevism — Hart, Spargo & Co. 
 (Surely these are the names of good people I know.) 
 The Philippines — ladies' night — Totten and Ely 
 
 95 (The women are getting intelligent — really!) 
 
 The POETS — Walt Whitman, Lanier — here the preacher 
 Is paired off with Beeman — the preacher and teacher: 
 While Labor and Capital call for debate 
 By Dorfman and Williams (they're right up-to-date). 
 
 I GO American Music by Mrs. Duquette, 
 
 Arranged a la Totten (Art, m.usic — what next!) 
 Then Poland and Slavic Republics, Serbs, Greeks, 
 The Balkans, by Rosevear and Honeychurch, Fred. 
 (With great fear and trembling these measures I tread, 
 
 105 Like a Will o' the Wisp flitting 'round mountain peaks) 
 
 Ould Oireland by Ryan, A. M. (That's our "Andy." 
 There's no one in WHARTON with iDlarney so handy!) 
 And China, Japan — how related — dear me ! 
 
 no I never can measure my wits with those three. 
 
 With Rosevear, and Honeychurch, Ryan — that's Andy, 
 And C. Stanley Smith from Pahree, the Jim Dandy! 
 My Muse is not growing too giddy, I trust, 
 As she zig-zags about in this presence august; 
 
 115 But now she must look for a landing and try 
 
 To come down to earth as she drops from the sky. 
 We've made a wide survey — how fast the sands run' 
 And we all want to hear from our friend Robinson. 
 (They say that he knows all our poets; was raised 
 
 120 Right where they grew up — all the Muses be praised ! 
 But this time I'll stump him: he never has heard 
 This poem I've read you to-night — mark my word!) 
 
 THE PORT ORAM SOCIAL AND LITERARY CLUB 
 
 The Port Oram Social and Literary Club, founded by citizens of 
 Wharton, formerly Port Oram, meets regularly every week in the 
 schoolhouse at Wharton. While our neighbors may rightly claim the 
 honor of originating and maintaining this unique institution, we of 
 Dover, yielding to kindly persuasion and invitation, find ourselves mak- 
 ing occasional visits, appearing as gnests on "festal nights," and even 
 becoming regular members of the P. O. S. and L. C. 
 
 And we observe, too, that members from Wharton come to Dover 
 to shop or to earn their livelihood ; so we may fairly claim that the 
 progress and prosperity of this lyceum calls for recognition in our 
 "Dover Dates." The institution is part of our environment, and we are 
 
76 
 
 part of its environment. You all know how much emphasis is placed 
 upon "environment" by recent science. And the fact of our interdepend- 
 ence was clearly shown on the twenty-fifth anniversary of the club. 
 
 In giving brief sketches of Dover's environment we cannot do better 
 than select this club to represent Wharton, a neighbor with whom we 
 have been intimately associated in industrial enterprise, in trade, in edu- 
 cation and social life. 
 
 The following verses, written at the request of the P. O. S. and 
 L. C. give some inkling of the scope and aims of that society. 
 
 TO THE PORT ORAM SOCIAL AND LITERARY CLUB, ON 
 
 THEIR TWENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY 
 
 DECEMBER 29, 1921 
 
 You ask me to write, as if asking were all 
 
 That is needed to bring forth a poem ; one Paul 
 
 Wrote letters, in prose, to commend or to warn ; 
 
 Words weighty with wisdom in such guise were born : 
 
 One Horace, in verse his shrewd sentiments penned, 
 
 Invoking the Muse due assistance to lend 
 
 That truth might with suavity graciously blend 
 
 And charm while it healed ; but my task is less stern ; 
 
 No reproof is my theme ; as your guest may I learn 
 
 On this glad festal date what attractions unite 
 
 Such various minds and vocations to-night. 
 
 What holds you together in brotherhood kindly 
 
 Through storms of debate and discussion? Not blindly 
 
 For twenty-five years have you triumphed, been humbled, 
 
 While o'er the world's problems you've vaulted and tumbled ; 
 
 No. some inspiration of wisdom must guide you; 
 
 I hear of no heartburns that vex and divide you. 
 
 You strive in sham battles and thus learn the art 
 
 Of striving, while brotherly love rules the heart 
 
 You cherish the Muses, you fence off a space 
 
 Where mind grapples mind, where man sharpens man's face ; 
 
 Where knowledge grows gracious and sparkles serene 
 
 In the light of good fellowship — friendship your queen ! 
 
 You circle and soar in the vast empyrean 
 
 Of "whate'er is lovely" — a jaunt Cyclopean! 
 
 You keep, 'mid life's turmoil, an hour set apart 
 
 For things of the spirit, for joys of the heart; 
 
 For "communion of saints" you put "converse of friends," 
 
 A cordial that many of life's ailments mends. 
 
 While not of your number who meet every week, 
 
 I hear that you have a most sociable clique. 
 
 Your latchstring is out, as I read on your card, 
 
 And you chant the refrain of a popular bard : 
 
 "Why don't you come over and play in our yard? 
 
 We'll make you right welcome — no dragon on guard!" 
 
77 
 
 And so you draw in, to your playground of reason, 
 The parson, the doctor, and call it no treason 
 To gather all parties — religious, political — 
 Beneath your one tent — a commixture oft critical. 
 
 One secret of yours I've discovered; you find 
 
 A vent for the fads that oft weigh on the mind. 
 
 "Out with it!" you cry; "tell your story! Express 
 
 The innermost thoughts of your true inwardness ! 
 
 The birth-pangs of genius oft cause sad distress 
 
 When no fit occasion is found to express 
 
 The heart's fond desire or its shy, secret leaning 
 
 To something that gives this dull life a real meaning:. 
 
 A fancy, a bee in the bonnet, a hobby 
 
 Demands some seance where one gets hob-a-nobby. 
 
 True, business is business, and has the first claim. 
 
 But shop is not all of life's various game. 
 
 Suppressed and restricted forever, one pines 
 
 For moments when pleasure with duty combines. 
 
 Even saints may default, if they never give way 
 
 To the God-given impulse that cheers work with play. 
 
 Like the boy on an errand, who trundles a hoop, 
 
 Forgetting to grumble — play's light-hearted dupe. 
 
 So gladness enlivens this dark vale of tears 
 
 When mind finds its fellow, and fellowship cheers.' 
 
 Yes, such is the argument that you present 
 
 To coax the wayfarer to enter your tent. 
 
 The banker, the merchant, the teacher, all meet 
 
 On terms of equality, each glad to greet 
 
 His neighlx)r and learn how to speak out in meeting, 
 
 Stand up, face the folks, do his bit, take a beating — 
 
 If need be — in argument; gain savoir faire. 
 
 An art that is useful in life everywhere. 
 
 You canvass great questions, deep problems you probe ; 
 
 In fancy you travel all over the globe ; 
 
 You love wit and humor, new books you review ; 
 
 In science you delve to learn how the world trrew. 
 
 On labor and capital topics you shed 
 
 The light of your wisdom, without seeing red. 
 
 You scan the horizon for signs of that age 
 
 When Mars and his minions no longer shall rage. 
 
 You reach for the moon — for art, music and learning; 
 
 Infinity baffles, conceit yields to yearning. 
 
 But where am I wandering, chasing my rhyme. 
 
 As the boy does his hoop, and forgetting the time ! 
 
 I'm dazzled, perchance, by the welcoming light 
 
78 
 
 That beams from each face on this rare festal night. 
 But now, lest I wander too far and too long, 
 Let me here make an end of my gad-about song. 
 
 May the spirit of fellowship, letters and learning 
 Abide with you ever, fulfill all your yearning ! 
 December, 1921. 
 
 SCENES FROM HURDTOWN 
 LEFEVRE— ARTIST 
 
 A dark, damp day and dark, drear thoughts — 
 
 Do you ever feel that way? 
 
 But the mind may choose its own weather, it may. 
 And defy these Juggernauts. 
 
 So I search the sky of the realms where 1 
 
 Resort when I rise above 
 Life's petty care with its stifling air 
 
 And think of the things I love. 
 
 A schoolboy's name let me now acclaim, 
 
 A Dover schoolboy, he; 
 Let me touch in rhyme one who, for a time, 
 
 Went to school to "Miss Magie." 
 
 For Miss Magie was a power when she 
 
 Taught school in days gone by ; 
 I can't say more, right here, friends, for 
 
 I must stick to my text — that's why. 
 
 My text is a lad whose heart was glad 
 When he roamed the wildwood free ; 
 
 And this Jersey boy found hope and joy 
 In the things that he could see. 
 
 In the stony field he could see revealed 
 
 A beauty passing fair ; 
 And our rugged hills with their rippling rills 
 
 Were enough to banish care. 
 
 He felt the call to harvest all 
 
 This beauty everywhere ; 
 So he sketched and etched what his fancy fetched 
 
 From scenes where all seemed bare. 
 
79 
 
 His own heart chose — not the lovely rose. 
 
 But the barnyard and the field, 
 The rustic bridge and the stony ridge 
 
 And the cowpond fast congealed. 
 
 "A Windy Day," and the sheep astray, 
 Or the cows in the pasture lot ; 
 Or the old ox-team caught his fancy's gleam^ 
 Or a lowly rural cot 
 
 But to Madame Low he made his bow, 
 
 His very best bow, indeed , 
 He found more cheer in her eye sincere 
 
 Than some folks find in their creed. 
 
 "Unvmg Home the Cows," and Cows, Cows, Cows f 
 
 "At the Pond," "Eating Apples"— Oh ! 
 He portrayed cows with their gnarly brows 
 
 In clover and in snow. 
 
 He schooled his heart to learn high art 
 
 By finding close at hand 
 Some glint of the gleam that makes Earth seem — 
 
 Right here — a Holy Land. 
 
 DOVER AND THE GREATER NEW YORK 
 
 Once a remote minmg hamlet on the frontier, Dover now finds itself 
 within the rim of that expanding commercial wheel of which New York 
 City is the hub. From the New York papers of May, 1922, we learn 
 that a far-reaching scheme for bettering New York and environs is 
 being promoted by the Russell Sage Foundation. The intention is to 
 guide the future construction engineering works of this densely popu- 
 lated area included within a radius of fifty miles of the metropolis. 
 
 Dover is well within this circle, being thirty miles west of the 
 upper end of Manhattan Island. This fifty-mile circuit is said to contain 
 9,000,000 persons now, with the prospect of having 16,000,000 in the 
 next twenty-five years. The people within this area constitute one of 
 the world's greatest markets, having a large per capita purchasing power 
 distributed over a vast variety of products. 
 
 Four surveys planned : 
 
 I. Economic and industrial. Fundamental reasons for the exist- 
 ence of this great center. 
 
8o 
 
 2. Physical. Mapping out all natural and constructed features. 
 
 3. Legal. Three states are involved. Shore rights, under-water 
 rights, city maps. 
 
 4. Social and living conditions, housing and home conditions. 
 By comprehensive planning it is hoped to avoid much of the waste 
 
 that results from haphazard development. 
 
 It is evident that Dover will become an active partner in this huge 
 metropolitan corporation, contributing to the progressive result as well 
 as receiving many advantages from her relation to this great cosmopoli- 
 tan community of our Atlantic seaboard. 
 
 DOVER AND PENNSYLVANIA 
 
 Dover, from early times, touched the hem of William Penn's gar- 
 ment, if we may so allude to his "returns" of land. And many people 
 have come to Dover from Pennsylvania or Pennsylwania, as some pro- 
 nounce it. There has been more or less of a flow of migration and visi- 
 tation back and forth, assisted by highways, the canal, and our two 
 railroads. (Some of our people, too, are conversant with Pennsylvania 
 Dutch.) 
 
 New industrial possibilities of this connection have been recently 
 pointed out in the public press and in circulars of investment issued by 
 the New Jersey Power and Light Company. Electric power may be 
 brought, in time, from the great rivers and coal fields of Pennsylvania, 
 they tell us, to be applied to railroads and industries. Such are the 
 projects entertained by the Super-power Trunk Line. 
 
 We gather from "The Newark News," of May 17, 1922, that the 
 New Jersey Power and Light Company, together with the Metropolitan 
 and Pennsylvania Edison Companies are subsidiaries of the General 
 Gas and Electric Company under the management of the W. S. Barstow 
 Management Association of New York. 
 
 It is proposed to build a dam across the Delaware river below Eas- 
 ton in the near future and construct an electric plant capable of generat- 
 ing 200,000 kilowatt. Our Dover plant has a capacity of 7,000 kilowatt. 
 It can be reinforced when necessary. 
 
 Another high power plant is planned for York Haven on the Sus- 
 quehanna, to be connected with Reading and Easton. 
 
 The puffing and panting of the locomotive may cease to resound 
 through our narrow valley. 
 
 Dover is a distributing center of this new industrial force in 
 Northern New Jersey. Our great industrials are already operating by 
 electricity. 
 
 Consider, then, Dover's strategic position : on the one hand the 
 influx of power from Pennsylvania, equal to our future industrial 
 demands ; and on the other hand the great purchasing market of the 
 Greater New York, not to mention the world-wide outlets of Port 
 Newark and New York Harbor, so near at hand. 
 
PART III 
 Municipal and Civic Institutions 
 
■ 83 
 
 1922 MANUAL OF THE TOWN OF DOVER 
 
 Morris County, New Jersey 
 
 (Incorporated, April i, 1869) 
 
 CENSUS 
 
 1900 National 5,938 
 
 1910 National 7,468 
 
 1915 State 8,971 
 
 1920 National 9,817 
 
 MUNICIPAL BOARD 
 Mayor 
 
 Hon. William H. Hosking Jan., 1924 
 
 Aldermen 
 First Ward — 
 
 Etta C. Searing Jan., 1923 
 
 Arling M. MacFall Ian., 1924 
 
 Second Ward — 
 
 James T. Kerr Jan., 1925 
 
 J. Willard Farrow Jan., 1924. 
 
 Third Ward — 
 
 Floyd S. Carling Jan., 1923 
 
 Ralph B. Dunham Jan., 1924 
 
 Fourth Ward — 
 
 Samuel H. Francis Jan., 1923 
 
 Simon C. Hume Jan., 1924 
 
 Meets every second Monday — 8 p. m. 
 
 STANDING COMMITTEES 
 
 Finance 
 
 Farrow Searing MacFall 
 
 Streets and Highways 
 Hume Kerr Dunham 
 
 Insurance, Printing and Elections 
 Carling Dunham Francis 
 
 Fire Department and Street Lighting 
 Kerr Carling Searing 
 
 Police Department 
 Dunham Farrow Hume 
 
 Officers and Salaries 
 MacFall Hume Francis 
 
 Licenses 
 Searing Carling Kerr 
 
 Ordinances 
 
 Francis Farrow MacFall 
 
 District Taxes (Advisory; 
 
 Mayor and Board of Aldermen 
 
84 
 
 OFFICERS 
 
 Clerk 
 
 Jos. V. Baker Jan., 1925 
 
 Chas. A. Gillen, Deputy 
 Treasurer 
 
 John Moller Jan., 1925 
 
 Assessor of Taxes I 
 
 Leonard Elliott July, 1925 
 
 Collector of Taxes 
 
 Richard L. Maloney Jan., 1925 
 
 Town Attorney 
 
 Charles S. Cooper Jan., 1923 
 
 Town Surveyor 
 
 Raymond Sharp Jan., 1923 
 
 Street Commissioner 
 
 Charles A. Nelson Jan., 1924 
 
 Building Inspector 
 
 Charles A. Nelson Jan., 1923 
 
 Police Justice 
 
 William Gardner Jan., 1924 
 
 Overseer of the Poor 
 
 William Gardner Jan., 1927 
 
 Police Surgeon 
 
 Augustus L. L, Baker, M.D Jan., 1923 
 
 Keeper Public Pound 
 
 William J. Parker Jan., 1923 
 
 Keeper Municipal Building 
 
 L. Briant Hedden Jan., 1923 
 
 Auditor of Accounts 
 
 Floyd M. Diehl July, 1922 
 
 Child Hygiene Nurse 
 Mrs. Mabel E. French. Jan., 1922 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF POLICE 
 
 Charles U. Counterman Chief 
 
 John W. Hart Lieutenant 
 
 John T, Gallagher iSergeant 
 
 Motorcycle Police 
 Harry C. Fine George Youmans 
 
 Patrolmen 
 
 James T. Hart Walter D. Bums 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF FIRE 
 
 Engineers 
 
 Geo. B. Carhart, Chief 
 
 Manchus H. Hann, ist Ass't 
 
 Charles W. White, 2nd Ass't 
 
 Otto A. Marquard, 3rd Ass't 
 
V 85 
 
 Operators 
 Jacob Nichols, Chief J. L. Corey, Ass't 
 
 Reliefs 
 A. H. Goodale C. E. Ripley, Jr. H. W. Squires 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH 
 
 Members 
 
 George F. Steffany Jan., 1923 
 
 Edna E. Fogarty (Mrs. T. B.) Jan., 1923 
 
 William G. Hummel, Pres Jan., 1924 
 
 Augustus J. Lauenstein Jan., 1924 
 
 William F. Costello, M.D Jan., 1925 
 
 John G. Taylor, Health Officer and Reg. V. S. 
 
 Wm. H. Tonking, Sec'y-Treas. Martin E. Alpers, Bacteriologist 
 
 Meets every fourth Monday — 8 p. m. 
 
 FREE PUBLIC LIBRARY 
 
 Trustees 
 
 Charles D. Piatt, A. M Jan., 1923 
 
 Lucy Killgore (Mrs. Robt.) Jan., 1924 
 
 Grace Neighbour (Mrs. E. D.) Jan., 1925 
 
 Dennis B. O'Brien, Pres Jan., 1926 
 
 Louis Harris Jan., 1927 
 
 Mayor of Dover Superintendent of Public Schools, Ex-officio 
 
 Martha A. Burnet, Librarian (Secretary) 
 
 Nina E. Woodhull, Ass't Librarian 
 
 Mildred Powers, Sub. Librarian 
 
 Meets every first Friday — 8 p. m. 
 
 SHADE TREE COMMISSION 
 
 Commissioners 
 
 Charles H. Munson Jan., 1924 
 
 Edward D. Neighbor, Sec'y Jan., 1925 
 
 Peter C. Buck, President Jan., 1926 
 
 Meets every second Wednesday — i p. m. 
 
 SINKING FUND COMMISSION 
 Commissioners 
 
 Charles S. Clark Jan., 1923 
 
 Sanford C. Gerard, Sec'y Jan., 1924 
 
 Howard H. King, President Jan., 1925 
 
 Mayor of Dover Ex-oMcio 
 
 Town Treasurer Ex-officio 
 
 Jos. V. Baker, Clerk John Moller, Treas. 
 
 Meets first week in January and on call 
 
.36 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF WATER 
 
 Commissioners 
 
 Emil Pleller Jan., 1923 
 
 Charles W. White Jan., 1924 
 
 George F. Steffany, Pres Jan., 1925 
 
 Jos. V. Baker, Clerk John Moller, Treas. 
 
 William M. Hedden, Superintendent 
 
 Meets every second Wednesday — 8 p. m. 
 
 BOARD OF SEWERAGE 
 
 Commissioners 
 
 Edward Kelly, President 
 
 Edward M. Searing John K. Cook 
 
 Michael F. Mullen, Secretary 
 
 Meets on call of President 
 
 BOARD OF EDUCATION 
 
 Arthur W. Condict, M.D., Pres Feb., 1923 
 
 Henry Heiman Feb., 1923 
 
 Estella Totten (Mrs. Leo) Feb., 1923 
 
 William L. R. Lynd Feb., 1924 
 
 Emil G. Kattermann Feb., 1924 
 
 Lenore D. Allen (Mrs. Jos. L.) Feb., 1924 
 
 Coleridge H. Benedict, Dist. Clerk Feb., 1925 
 
 William Otto Feb., 1925 
 
 John D. B. Vreeland Feb., 1925 
 
 Roswell S. Bowlby, Supt. of Schools 
 Meets every first Tuesday — 8 p. m. 
 
87 
 
 MAYORS OF DOVER, 1869-1922 
 
 Town of Dover, Incorporated April i, 1869 
 
 First Mayor and Council 
 
 George Richards, Mayor 1869-1871 
 
 James H. Neighbour, Recorder 1869-1871 
 
 Ephraim Lindsley, Alderman 1869-1871 
 
 Mahlon H. Dickerson, Alderman 1869-1871 
 
 Thomas J. Halsey, Common Councilman 1869-1871 
 
 Daniel G. Wiggins, Common Councilman 1869-1871 
 
 Alpheus Beemer, Common Councilman 1869-1871 
 
 Martin V. B. Searing, Common Councilman 1869-1871 
 
 William H. McDavit, Common Councilman 1869-1871 
 
 Mayors follozving 
 
 Anson G. P. Segur, Mayor 1871-1873 
 
 George Richards, Mayor 1873-1887 
 
 Sedgwick R. Bennett, Mayor 1887-1891 
 
 Horace L. Dunham, Mayor 1891-1893 
 
 George McCracken, Mayor 1893-1895 
 
 Ferdinand V. Wolfe, Mayor 1895-1896 
 
 Town of Dover changed to City of Dover — May 4, 1896: 
 
 George Pierson, Mayor 1897-1899 
 
 George A. Raynor, City Councilman (Chairman) 
 
 John A, Lyon, City Councilman , 
 
 John H. Stump f, City Councilman 
 
 George B. Carhart, City Councilman 
 
 City of Dover and officials ousted from office March 21, 1899, the 
 former government taking control, Ferdinand V. Wolfe assuming his 
 office as Mayor. 
 
 Ferdinand V. Wolfe, Mayor 1899-1899 
 
 Frederick H. Beach, Mayor 1899-1901 
 
 Harry S. Peters, Mayor 1901-1903 
 
 Isaac W. Searing, Mayor 1903-1906 
 
 George Pierson, Mayor 1906-1910 
 
 John Mulligan, Mayor 1910-1914 
 
 William L. R. Lynd, Mayor 1914-1916 
 
 Richard W. Whitham, Mayor 1916-1920 
 
 Pursuant to an Ordinance adopted May 26, 1919, the governing 
 body attained the designation of Mayor and Board of Aldermen. 
 
 William L. R. Lynd, Mayor 1920-1922 
 
 William H. Hosking, Mayor 1922- 
 
 Floyd S. Carling, Alderman 
 
 Ralph B. Dunham, Alderman 
 
 J. Willard Farrow, Alderman 
 
 Samuel H. Francis, Alderman 
 
 Simon C. Hume, Alderman 
 
 James T. Kerr, Alderman 
 
 Arling M. MacFall, Alderman 
 
 Etta C. Searling, Alderman 
 
88 
 
 THE DOVER POLICE FORCE 
 
 For the first twenty years of the twentieth century Ethelbert Byram 
 was Dover's efficient Chief of PoHce. He is now Sheriff of Morris 
 County and resides in Morristown. 
 
 In November, 1921, Charles U. Counterman, after ten years of 
 experience on the Dover police force, was appointed Chief of Police. 
 Other officers of the police force are Lieutenant John Hart; Sergeant 
 John Gallagher; Harry Fine and George Youmans, motorcyclists; 
 James Hart and Walter Bums, patrolmen ; and forty-two special police- 
 men. Special policemen are also employed by the banks. 
 
 For three years the local police department had a one hundred 
 per cent, record for efficiency. 
 
 Among the usual duties of the police are the oversight of school 
 children at street crossings at noon and at the close of the school day, 
 especially at the Northside school and at the corner of Blackwell and 
 Sussex streets. On holidays it is part of their duty to handle the 
 crowds and keep traffic moving without accidents. 
 
 The police office is in the municipal building on Sussex street. A 
 police court is at hand and cells for persons under arrest are close by, 
 where such persons may be confined for twenty-four hours. For longer 
 periods of detention the law requires them to be taken to the county jail 
 at Morristown. 
 
 Across the street from the new municipal building, on the south side 
 of the canal, may be seen a little old room of detention that for many 
 years served as the local "jug." Even when there were no human occu- 
 pants of this apartment it had numerous inhabitants, they say, who were 
 always eager to welcome a new "boarder." 
 
 For a town of its size Dover has provided very limited accommo- 
 dations for law-breakers. 
 
 Charles U. Counterman, our chief of police, has been elected a 
 member of the National Police Conference, which is under Federal 
 authority and maintained by Federal funds. A national police bureau 
 is to be located at Washington, D. C, to receive, compile and investigate 
 police information and criminal intelligence throughout the country. The 
 bureau is to conduct studies and make recommendations upon the stan- 
 dardization of police methods and procedure throughout the country,, 
 aiming also to make street and highway traffic regulations more effective. 
 
 The safeguarding of the public upon streets and roads is becoming 
 a subject that demands much of the time of a police force. The study 
 of criminology is another department of their work that is being recog- 
 nized as a special department of psychology and physiognomy, if not 
 genealogy. Many special magazines and treatises are being published 
 upon such subjects and an up-to-date police department might be 
 expected to have a library all its own, equipped with the growing litera- 
 ture of the subject, from Victor Hugo's "Jean Valjean" to the latest 
 study of finger-prints of men and the nose-prints of cattle. 
 
89 
 
 For the six months ending July first, 1922, the Dover Police 
 Department has a record of "93 per cent, efficient." Improvements 
 costing over $400 have been made in the rooms of the Department. 
 
 THE POLICE COURT 
 
 The jurisdiction of the Police Justice of the Municipal Court of 
 the Town of Dover, New Jersey, is indicated as follows : 
 
 To hear all criminal complaints of acts committed within the muni- 
 cipality, holding offenders to bail or committing them to await the action 
 of the Grand Jury. 
 
 To enforce all Ordinances of the Town of Dover and local Board 
 of Health. To try and determine such cases and fine or imprison upon 
 conviction. 
 
 To enforce all Motor Vehicle and Traffic violations committed with- 
 in the Town of Dover. 
 
 To solemnize marriages. 
 
 Jurisdiction over Fish and Game Violations committed in the 
 County. 
 
 To compel persons who make threats to give sureties to keep the 
 peace. 
 
 To hear all complaints of children being incorrigible, paroling them 
 or committing them to await trial by the Juvenile Court in Morristown. 
 
 To deal with deserters of families, vagrancy, disorderly persons,, 
 cruelty to animals, and cruelty to children. 
 
 William Gardner, Police Justice. 
 
 JUSTICES OF THE PEACE 
 
 There may be a Justice of the Peace in each ward of any town 
 to represent the county in criminal matters ; but offenses committed 
 within the corporation are subject to the jurisdiction of the Police 
 Court. The Justice of the Peace holds preliminary hearings in crim- 
 inal matters of his jurisdiction and binds over the parties to appear 
 before the Grand Jury. Justice of the Peace is a constitutional office, 
 while the Police Court is statutory. The Justice of the Police court 
 is appointed by the Council for five years. The Justices of the Peace 
 are elected by the County for a term of five years. They take office 
 May first, after the general election and are sworn in, giving a bond 
 for $2,000. 
 
 John H. Martin is Justice of the Peace for Dover in 1922. His 
 office is in Sussex street. 
 
 CONSTABLES 
 
 There are now six Constables in Dover: George Youmans, 
 Charles Parker, William Parker, Isador Less, A. Judson Coe, Joseph 
 Voelker. They are elected by the County and can make arrests on 
 the warrant of any Justice of the Peace in any part of Morris County. 
 
.9° 
 
 In order to follow a criminal in other counties the warrant may be 
 indorsed over to Justices in such county ; but offenders must be tried 
 in the county where the offense was committed. Constables must 
 now give bonds for $i,ooo. 
 
 THE DISTRICT COURT 
 
 The Second Judicial District Court of the County of Morris was 
 established by special act of the Legislature in 1918 and is controlled by 
 an act of the Legislature entitled, "An Act Concerning District Courts," 
 passed in 1898. The territorial jurisdiction of every district court is 
 co-extensive with the limits of the coimty in which it is established and 
 it has jurisdiction of every suit of a civil nature at law or to recover any 
 penalty imposed or authorized by any law of this state where the debt, 
 balance, penalty, damage or other matter in dispute does not exceed, 
 exclusive of costs, the sum or value of $500. District Courts also have 
 jurisdiction in proceedings between landlords and tenants and in actions 
 of forcible entry and detainer, and in actions of replevin, and in attach- 
 ment, as provided in the above mentioned act and in such other cases 
 as are now or may hereafter be provided by law. Special jurisdiction is 
 given district courts under various statutes as. for instance. Agriculture, 
 Biological Products, Carriers, Cattle Pasturing, Employment of Chil- 
 dren and Females, Commodity Sales, Corporations, Cruelty to Animals, 
 Employment Agencies, Fish. Game and Birds, Mechanics' Liens, Milk 
 and Cream, Tenement House Supervision, and various other acts. Dis- 
 trict Courts are courts of record and have power to punish for contempts 
 of court, the court having common law power in this respect. Wher- 
 ever district courts are established, Justices of the Peace have no juris- 
 diction of civil matters coming within the jurisdiction of the District 
 Court as above mentioned. 
 
 Morris County has three District Courts, known as the First, 
 Second and Third Judicial District Courts. The First District Court 
 is located at the Court House in Morristown ; the Second District Court 
 at No. 14 W. Blackwell street, Dover; and the Third District Court, in 
 the Town Hall, Boonton. Each District Court has a Clerk whose posi- 
 tion is permanent under the Civil Service Act and it is the duty of the 
 Clerk to issue all writs and summonses and keep the records. 
 
 In the Second Judicial District, court is held on Wednesday of 
 each week at the Court Room in Dover, except in the case of Jury trials, 
 which trials are held on Friday, as the Court designates. 
 
91 
 
 THE ASSOCIATION OF EXEMPT FIREMEN OF THE 
 CITY OF DOVER, NEW JERSEY 
 
 The Association of Exempt Firemen of the City of Dover was 
 incorporated May 24, 1897, under the provisions of an Act for the Incor- 
 poration of Associations of Exempt Firemen and the formation of a 
 State Association of Exempt Firemen, approved February 25, 1889. 
 
 The first officers elected were : Wilham W. Sickles, President ; J. J. 
 Vreeland, Vice-President; Robert C. Vreeland, Secretary, and Guido 
 C. Hinchman, Treasurer. 
 
 The object of this Association is to provide and maintain a fund 
 for the relief, support, and burial of the members and their widows and 
 orphan children, to perpetuate the social relations existing among the 
 members of the Dover Fire Department, and to render such assistance 
 in case of fire as the officers of the association may deem proper to 
 direct, by the advice and consent of the constituted authorities of the 
 city. 
 
 THE FIRE DEPARTMENT OF DOVER 
 
 Mr. I. W. Searing's Story 
 
 Elliott's Foundry stood, in 1873, where Birch and Bassett's Coal 
 and Automobile Office stands now. In the second story of the foundry- 
 was Palmer and Allen's carpenter shop. This was an unhappy combina- 
 tion — shavings above and sparks below. In some way the carpenter shop 
 took fire at noon one December day, when the snow was on the ground. 
 The fire started when everybody was out of the building at dinner time. 
 The town then had no organization for fighting fires. But people scur- 
 ried around and brought what ladders and pails they could. No houses 
 were very near, and the fire was confined to the carpenter shop. This 
 was quickly consumed by the flames. Everybody began to talk about 
 the necessity of taking measures to fight such fires in future. Dover 
 was helpless. There had only been two fires in Dover from 1856 to 
 1873. One was a building on Orchard street, adjacent to the cemetery. 
 The other was a building on William Ford's lot, near the pond. 
 
 A meeting of citizens was called to meet in Whitlock & Lewis's 
 store, corner of Morris and Blackwell streets, now Lehman's. Few 
 came to this meeting. The following were present : J. H. Neighbour, 
 Titus Berry, William L. Young, George McCracken, I. W. Searing, 
 M. C. Whitlock and Jas. B. Lewis. It was decided to call a second 
 meeting and try to bring out a larger attendance. Col. Stites, of Mor- 
 ristown, was invited to come over and address the meeting, telling how 
 to organize a town fire department. They had a well-attended meeting. 
 Col. Stites, an engineer, spoke. The need of a water supply was seen 
 and it was decided to build cisterns in dififerent parts of town that were 
 remote from the water supply afiforded by the river and the canal. Only 
 two such cisterns were actually constructed, one at the corner of Chest- 
 nut and Prospect streets and one on Gold street near Prospect. It was 
 also decided at this meeting to build catch-basins along the river, so as 
 to have a depth of water where the suction pipe would work when the 
 river was low. 
 
92 
 
 But in the town charter of 1869 there was no provision made for 
 taxing the town to maintain a fire department. It became necessary to 
 obtain from the Legislature an enabHng act to permit the town to raise 
 the funds for the purpose. A committee called on George Richards, 
 the mayor, to discuss this point and he recommended that the business 
 men assume the immediate responsibility for this expense until it could 
 be formally provided for by vote of the people and act of Legislature. 
 Mr. George McCracken took around a subscription paper which was 
 signed and generously supported by the business men of the town. 
 
 A fire ordinance was passed and organization effected as told in the 
 First Annual Report, quoted elsewhere. 
 
 As to the period previous to the organization of 1873, there is one 
 old relic in evidence, still kept on the premises of the Dover Lumber 
 Company and exhibited on parade on rare occasions. This old Engine 
 No. I, which Mr. McFarlan had in earlier days for the protection of the 
 Iron Works, he finally presented to the town — a reminder of the days 
 when pumping was done by man power and not by steam. There was 
 but one such engine here, but in other towns they sometimes had several 
 and placed them in line so that one engine would pump from the river 
 into the next engine and number two would pump the water along to 
 number three and so on until the last engine discharged the stream into 
 the fire. 
 
 In February, 1874-5, a supplement to Dover's charter was passed 
 by Legislature authorizing the issue of fire bonds to the amount of 
 $12,000 at seven per cent, interest to be refunded in twelve years. 
 
 William Sickles, in conversation with me, has briefly alluded to 
 the following fires: 
 
 (i) Gage's Saw Mill, (2) Maze's Saw Mill, (3) Searing's Lumber 
 Yard, (4) The Skating Rink and Force's barns, (5) Birch and Bas- 
 sett's Garage, in the building that was once the Old Academy, (6) Rich- 
 ardson & Boynton's. The dates of these fires may be found in your 
 fire records. (7) The Lindsley block. 
 
 At the Richardson & Boynton fire there was trouble in getting 
 enough water, until the engine got to the river and took water from that. 
 
 At the skating rink fire they got the engine going just in time to 
 save the houses east of the fire. The wind was blowing to the east. 
 These barns and the rink were between the canal and the present Index 
 building. 
 
 At the Birch & Bassett fire the men had to fight burning gasoline, 
 as the garage contained many automobiles. Some of these automobiles 
 were saved and many were wrecked by fire as they stood in the building. 
 After this fire Birch & Bassett secured the brick building next to the 
 Index Office, formerly used by the Electric Company. On the day of 
 the Birch & Bassett fire the firemen were out of town on a fire parade, 
 but fortunately the apparatus was left in Dover. 
 
 Mr. Sickles spoke in some detail of the Lindsley block fire. In 
 this he helped save the Mansion House by getting inside the building 
 with the hose and working to extinguish the flames that had penetrated 
 
93 
 
 between the ceilings and the rafters and in the cornices of the roof, 
 threatening to jump across Sussex street and reach Kilgore & White's 
 store. The Bennett house, next to the Lackawanna Restaurant was 
 also saved by covering it with old carpets and keeping it wet. 
 
 Mr. Sickles was a member of the first company formed in 1874. 
 
 The First Annual Report of the Chief Engineer of the Dover Fire 
 Department, for the year ending March i, 1873, gives the story of the 
 founding of this department. The following is the list of Department 
 Officers for that year: Chief Engineer, William H. McDavit; Assistant 
 Engineer, William H. Worthen; Fire Committee, F. H. Lindsley, 
 Thomas J. Halsey, Thomas B. Jarvis; Board of Fire Wardens, C. H. 
 Munson, foreman; William T. Allen, assistant foreman; Jas. H. 
 Neighbour, clerk; T. J. Halsey, M. C. Whitlock, A. Taylor, H. C. 
 Byram, C. B. Gage, I. W. Searing. 
 
 PALMER AND ALLEN 
 
 In 1873, Stephen J. Palmer had a carpenter shop near the present 
 Birch and Bassett Coal and Automobile office between the canal and the 
 Central Railroad. This carpenter shop caught fire about noon and 
 burned down. This fire made such an impression on the community 
 that a meeting was called that same evening to consider measures of 
 safety for the future. In December, 1873, a committee of the Common 
 Council, consisting of Messrs. Frank H. Lindsley, James H. Neighbour, 
 and William H. McDavit, were instructed to visit manufacturers of 
 fire apparatus and also the fire departments of neighboring cities and 
 report upon the subject of purchasing a fire apparatus for Dover. The 
 result of that Committee's work was the signing of a contract, June 20, 
 1874, with Messrs. Harrel & Hayes, of Paterson, N. J., for the con- 
 struction and delivery to Dover one fourth size Steam Fire Engine, 100 
 feet of Rubber Hose, one Hook and Ladder Truck, one Hose Tender, 
 one Hose Jumper. 
 
 During the month of February following the "Fire Ordinance" was 
 passed, the Board of Engineers and Fire Wardens appointed, the three 
 companies of firemen organized and accepted by the Common Council, 
 and the apparatus delivered, submitted to trial, and accepted. 
 
 From the arrival of the apparatus until February, 1875, it was 
 housed temporarily in Tabernacle Hall. On the evening of February 
 20th the entire apparatus was removed to its present admirable and com- 
 modious quarters on Sussex street. During the year the department has 
 been thoroughly drilled, twice( in each month in the summer, and once 
 in each month in the winter. As a result we have three most efficient 
 and active companies, thoroughly understanding the working and han- 
 dling of their respective apparatuses. 
 
 During the year 1874 there have been seven fires. Uninsured losses, 
 $13,150. Insured losses, $3,035. Total, $16,185. 
 
 I would also recommend the building of at least five fire cisterns — 
 two on Morris street, one on Gold street, one on Prospect street, and 
 
94 
 
 one on Mt. Hope avenue. The estimated cost of these cisterns ten feet 
 square by ten feet deep, built of brick, includinsf all the necessary excava- 
 tion, is $225 each 
 
 There should also be set in the river bank at the foot of each street 
 leading down to the river a wooden box, four feet wide by six feet long. 
 By sinking the bottom of the box to the lower part of the river bed we 
 can have abundant water supply in the dryest season. The estimated 
 cost of boxes, including setting, is $25. 
 
 Wm. H. McDavit, Chief Engineer. 
 
 The al30ve extracts from Chief McDavit's report indicate how the 
 Fire Department of Dover was started. 
 
 The department was then organized in five divisions : 
 
 1. City of Dover Engine Company No. i. 
 
 2. Vigilant Hose Company No. i. 
 
 3. Protection Hook and Ladder Company No. i. 
 
 4. Board of Fire Wardens. 
 
 5. Board of Engineers. 
 
 THE FIRE DEPARTMENT OF DOVER, N. J. 
 
 Narrative of George B. Carhart, April 20, 1920 
 The following is an account of the most important fires that have 
 taken place in Dover in the last forty years. 
 
 1. The Lindsley Fire on Blackwell street where now stands what 
 is known as the Brick Block, east of the Mansion House, occurred about 
 October first, 1880. 
 
 2. Following that in February, 1881, was the burning of the Car 
 Shops on a very cold night. This fire was fought with one steamer. 
 City of Dover, known as Number One. The night was very cold and 
 the water was taken from a brook on the Oram property by building a 
 dam to hold enough to supply the pump. After the fire was out and we 
 went to take up the hose it was found frozen. It was considerable 
 trouble to handle it. A member by the name of Dr. Rossi made the 
 remark that we might as well try to wind up the stove pipe. 
 
 3. Then came the Dover Lumber Company Fire. That was a bitter 
 cold night. The clothes froze on the men fighting the fire. The late 
 J. B. Jolly of the Mansion House sent the men hot cofifee, much to 
 their relief. 
 
 4. Following that fire came the Baker Corner, where now stands 
 the Brick Building, corner of Blackwell and Warren streets. This fire 
 started at about six o'clock P. M., in a clothing store about where the 
 Insurance Office of D. R. Hummer is now. This turned out to be one 
 of those terrible nights in winter with rain falling and freezing until 
 the traveling was almost impossible, because of the ice underfoot. The 
 engine was placed at the end of Warren Street next to the canal and 
 things went well at first. The fire was well under way and five minutes 
 more would have ended it; but unfortunately the hose burst and we had 
 to stop the engine. When the hose was replaced and ready to start again 
 the pump refused to work and when it did start the wind had fanned 
 
95 
 
 the flames so that they spread through the building. It was impossible 
 to stop the fire until it reached the Brick Building of W. H. Goodale on 
 Blackwell street and the open alley on Warren street, when it practically 
 burnt out. 
 
 These fires seem to have occurred within a few years of each other. 
 I forgot to mention the calling of a steamer company from Morristown 
 to assist at the Lindsley fire. Had it not been for this assistance the 
 loss would have been much greater. These fires have been the most 
 destructive. The town decided to relieve the danger in 1885 by purchas- 
 ing the steamer known as Number Two, made by Capp and Jones, I 
 think, at Hudson, New York. 
 
 Following this, George Richards, then Mayor of the town, advocated 
 a Water Plant, which is now a part of our present system. That gave 
 us a water pressure of 74 pounds at the Mansion House Corners, 90 
 pounds at Point of the Mountain, 45 pounds on School House Hill, 
 35 pounds on Morris Street Hill. The system was completed and on 
 the tenth day of December, 1887, the water was let in for service. I 
 think the first hose connection was at the Baker Corner and the hose 
 burst, causing a fountain in the street. The late James P. Kelly had a 
 device similar to a pair of tongs to fit around the hose, having the same 
 circular measurement as the hose when filled with water. This proved 
 to be very good at the time for shutting ofi^ the water. This was made 
 previous to the day when used. 
 
 THE FIRE DEPARTMENT OF DOVER IN 1922 
 
 The officiary of the Dover Fire Department in June, 1922, is as 
 follows : 
 
 Board of Engineers: Chief, George B. Carhart; First Assistant, 
 Manchus H. Hann ; Second Assistant, Charles W. White ; Third Assis- 
 tant, Otto A. Marquard. 
 
 Dover Engine Company Number One: President, A. B. Van 
 Syckle ; Foreman, Alex Ackerman, Jr. ; Assistant, George A. Parker ; 
 Qerk, Frank S. Hill ; Steward, A. Russell Baum. 
 
 Vigilant Engine Company Number Two : President, Dr. A, L. L. 
 Baker; Foreman, John M. Dehler; Clerk, Ernest L. Mortimore; Assis- 
 tant Foreman, Charles E. Ripley; Steward, Daniel M. Dehler, 
 
 Protection Hook and Ladder Company, Inc. : Foreman, Dr. Lewis 
 R. Fritts; Assistant Foreman, Thomas Baker; Clerk, Charles K, Ely; 
 Steward, Jacob Nichols. 
 
 Board of Fire Wardens: President, Charles P. Cook; Foreman, 
 Archibald Percy; Assistant Foreman, Sigvard M. Larson; Clerk, Arthur 
 H. Goodale. 
 
95 
 
 EQUIPMENT 
 
 The equipment of the Dover Fire Department consists of the fol- 
 lowing : 
 
 The Gamewell Fire Alarm and Telegraph System is installed in 
 the town. 
 
 We have two hundred hydrants within the town limits, with a 
 water pressure varying from 176 pounds at low point, to 40 pounds per 
 square inch at high point, capable of taking care of a very dangerous 
 fire should such visit the town. 
 
 We have 5,100 feet of 2^-inch hose over three-quarters of a mile 
 in length. Then comes the steamer that has stood ready for action for 
 many years. We have chemical and hose car to carry our hose company 
 to and from the fire. We have a Mack Fire Truck, plenty of ladders 
 and pike poles and other necessary tools for the Truck Company's use. 
 
 We also have placed in diflFerent parts of the town hose carts pro- 
 vided with 400 feet of hose. Should a fire occur in such parts the citi- 
 zens have access to the hose. 
 
 A fire patrol autocar, carrying rubber blankets to protect goods in a 
 burning building, has recently been added to our equipment. It belongs 
 to the Board of Fire Wardens, who thus form a salvage corps. 
 
 George B. Carhart, Chief Engineer. 
 
 RECENT FIRES 
 
 In reviewing the fires of the past two years it can be said Dover has 
 "been very fortunate. There have been a large number of calls, both 
 general and still alarm, but not of such a serious nature as the one of 
 February tenth at the National Union Bank, where the firemen found 
 the bank officials had made such thorough protection in regard to burg- 
 lars that we had considerable difficulty in gaining entrance. 
 
 The fire at the Eagle Barber Shop, located in the Baker Building 
 at the corner of Warren and Black well streets bid fair to be serious but 
 for the fact that the metal ceiling held it down from above, giving the 
 firemen a better chance to hold it where it started. 
 
 THE BICENTENNIAL 
 
 In relation to the two-hundredth anniversary of the town the 
 firemen as a whole are trying to put forth every eflfort in promoting, 
 conducting and directing the success of this historic event. 
 
97 
 DOVER WATER DEPARTMENT 
 
 This year commemorates the Two Hundredth Anniversary of the 
 Town of Dover. 
 
 There is no doubt but Dover ranked well among towns of its size 
 two hundred years ago, for it is located in one of the most peaceful and 
 beautiful natural valleys to be found the world over. 
 
 As the progress marked in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries 
 brought in comforts, such as are experienced by the introduction of 
 canal transportation, steam railroads, gas for cooking and lighting, elec- 
 tricity, with its manifold uses, telephones, phonographs and radio, so the 
 people of Dover, sticking to the true principle of progress, set out, in the 
 year 1887, to promote and use a water works system and procure a 
 potable water supply from the springs located on the George Richards, 
 Brotherton and Bryant tracts, located to the South of Prospect street. 
 A water company was formed, known as the Dover Water Company, 
 and two three-million gallon steel reservoirs were built by the said 
 water company on the property of George Richards. The springs were 
 piped down to these reservoirs as the supply and the discharge was 
 carried down into the town. For years this served its purpose, supplying 
 potable water and fire protection to the homes of our prospering town. 
 
 It was ever the aim to deliver the most excellent water supply, but, 
 as the outskirts of the town grew, the possibility of pollution to the 
 springs was constantly feared, and in some cases actually met; so it 
 became necessary from time to time to cut off some of the springs from 
 the source. 
 
 The Dover Water Company could not be considered in the full 
 sense as a money-maker for the original investors, and the Town 
 Council, realizing the desirability of many improvements and the exten- 
 sion of the water system, very wisely, in the year 1902, took over the 
 Dover Water Company by purchase, issuing bonds to the extent of 
 $200,000 to cover the purchase price and to allow of extending the 
 system and adding necessary improvements thereto. 
 
 A Water Commission was then formed by the Town Council to 
 operate the said water department. Mr. Leopold C. Bierwirth was 
 president of the first Board of Water Commissioners. 
 
 For the purpose of increasing the water supply two six-inch wells 
 were driven, one on George Richards' property and the other on the 
 Bryant tract. It was the hope that in driving a well 80 or 90 feet a 
 good and strong flow of pure water would be secured. This, however, 
 did not develop as favorably as hoped for, the well on the Richards 
 lot flowing but 10 gallons of water per minute and the one on the Bryant 
 tract developing but one gallon per minute. 
 
 To protect their remaining springs, the Dover Water Commission 
 bought the Bryant tract of forty acres of woodland for $2,000.00 in the 
 year 1912. 
 
98 
 
 The natural growth of the town made it necessary that additional 
 water be procured and a Board of Water Commissioners, of which 
 Mr. Martin V. B. Searing was president, in the year 1902, developed 
 wells in the flat lands lying between the Rockaway river and the D., L. 
 & W. Railroad. They found water at this point in good quantity, and 
 purchased a tract of land consisting of about 6/0 acres. 
 
 A pumping house, well-designed and well-built, was then erected' 
 and a 450-gallon per minute triplex plunger pump was installed, together 
 with a gas engine as a motor power. 
 
 Two new reservoirs of approximately one million gallons each were 
 erected on the hillside south of West Blackwell street, the lower one of 
 which was erected at a height equal to the six million gallon reservoirs 
 on the George Richards property, and by means of cast iron pipe tied 
 into the new million-gallon reservoir, the levels of the Richards reser- 
 voirs and the new one being equal and tied together, it was possible to 
 store up a reserve of seven million gallons. 
 
 As the town kept growing, the town's people realized that perhaps 
 the best building sites for homes were located in the upper hill section, 
 and many homes were located on these elevations. The water pressure 
 from the Richards reservoirs and the new million-gallon reservoir were 
 not equal to supply the higher pressure. Therefore, the second million- 
 gallon reservoir above mentioned was built at the high point of the moun- 
 tain (900 feet above sea level), and supplied from the same 450-gallon 
 per minute pump located in the flats and the same lo-inch pipe line feed- 
 ing the new reservoir. With this high pressure system supplying water 
 to the hilltop section of the town considerable activity was shown in the 
 building of additional homes at the most prominent and desirable high 
 points to such an extent that it became necessary in the year 191 3 to 
 further increase our water supply and two additional pumps were then 
 installed in the pump house, one of 315-gallon capacity per minute and 
 the other 285-gallon capacity per minute. These were driven by an oil 
 engine, giving a total available pumping capacity of 1,050 gallons of 
 water per minute from the three pumps, which, however, were not 
 needed ; but the consumption of water was so great as to make it essential 
 that a factor of safety be preserved and the over supply of pumping 
 capacity per minute be maintained, so that any break of machinery in 
 one pumping station might not cripple the water works system. 
 
 The Water Works, being a municipally owned and operated depart- 
 ment, was never intended to be a money-making proposition, but simply 
 a self -maintained department of the Town and the water has always been: 
 sold at a very low rate. 
 
 Nine-tenths of the water used to-day in Dover is pumped from; 
 the low level, which item of expense is considerable. 
 
 Water meters were installed in service pipes where it was generally- 
 thought the amount of water consumed was greater than the water 
 allowable under the minimum charge, but by only partly metering the 
 service pipes, waste was allowed, due to carelessness or lack of attention 
 on the part of the consumer. So it was concluded to 100 per cent, meter 
 the town, and this became an accomplished fact in 1921. 
 
The gas engine, our first motor power in the pumping station, hav- 
 ing served several years of useful work, finally became worn out. This 
 was replaced with a 75-liorse power electric motor. 
 
 The oil engine, having worked laboriously and well for years, being 
 greatly in need of repair, was taken apart, repaired, set aside as an 
 emergency factor and the two pumps which it had driven are now driven 
 with two electric motors, the gas engine being held in reserve with the 
 possible fear of some mishap at the electric power station, which might 
 deprive us of our motor force. 
 
 Our present consumption of water is about 600,000 gallons per day. 
 
 It is generally felt that with the introduction of sewers in Dover a 
 great building boom of general advance will occur and a much heavier 
 demand will be made on the water system than even now exists. 
 
 The replacement value of water works system as to-day existing is. 
 approximately $1,000,000.00. 
 
 Due credit should be given to the Honorable Mayor and Council 
 who, in years gone by, had the foresight to see the desirability of pur- 
 chasing the Dover Water Company's property, for it has greatly 
 advanced in value, and in the meantime the citizens of Dover have been^ 
 enjoying water at a very low rate, which is cheaper than is usually 
 charged by privately-owned public service corporations. 
 
 George F. Steffany. 
 
 ODE TO HYGEIA 
 
 Hygeia, well-beloved Muse, 
 Who would to thee a place refuse 
 Among the mythologic powers 
 That regulate this life of ours? 
 
 To thee we would pay honor due ; 
 To thee we would for favor sue. 
 Hygeia, comrade of our youth, 
 Help us elude Time's envious tooth ! 
 
 Not length of days alone we seek, 
 But health and strength, the vim to wreak 
 Our finest powers upon our work, 
 To toe the line and not to shirk. 
 
 But if the burdens grow too great, 
 At least attend and cheer our late, 
 Our lingering years, if such there be, 
 With memories sweet, from grievance free. 
 
 Hygeia, well-beloved Muse, 
 
 Old Friend, inspirer — who renews 
 
 Our youth, as thou, when years increase ? 
 
 May such good fellowship ne'er cease ! 
 
lOO 
 
 HEALTH, PERSONAL AND PUBLIC 
 
 The health of an individual depends upon many causes, some of 
 which may be within his control, and some not. He is launched upon 
 his career by heredity and the care provided by the home, but must 
 gradually assume a dependence upon his own powers of self-determina- 
 tion as applied to personal habits, self-control, morals. He is aided by 
 instinct, good sense, intelligence, conscience. 
 
 But the individual who lives in a community cannot wholly deter- 
 mine by personal hygiene all the factors which affect his health. Some 
 of these factors, such as contagious diseases and public nuisances, have 
 him at their mercy unless he can devise some way of protecting himself. 
 Hence arise laws and regulations emanating from the National Gov- 
 ernment, the State, the community. The local Board of Health is 
 granted a legal authority and the means of exercising and applying that 
 power which the individual needs when he comes to the end of his 
 personal power over fellow citizens who endanger his health. The 
 public Board of Health is a specialized arm of civic government. Dover 
 has such a board. Its history began in 1882, consequent upon an act 
 of Legislature dated April i, 1880, "An act concerning the protection of 
 the public health and the record of vital facts and statistics! relating 
 thereto." Sections i and 2, "enacted by the Senate and General 
 Assembly of the State of New Jersey," provide for the establishment of 
 a Board of Health in every city, town and lx)rough; said board to con- 
 sist of five, six or seven members, including a keeper of vital statistics, 
 a city physician and city health inspector ; said board to be nominated by 
 the Mayor and approved by the Common Council or other governing 
 body, and to serve for not less than three years. Not more than three 
 of the members shall go out of office at any one time, unless in case of 
 removal by death or change of residence. A health officer is required 
 in all cities having more than ten thousand inhabitants. And more 
 inspectors may be appointed as needed. 
 
 In townships outside of city limits the township committee, together 
 with the assessor and township physician, shall constitute the Board of 
 Health. The local board is required to prepare an annual report of the 
 district and to forward a copy to the State Board of Health at Trenton. 
 The following is a schedule of some of the subjects to be included in 
 such reports: 
 
 A — Location, population, climate. 
 B — Geology, topography, contour. 
 C — Water supply. 
 D — Drainage and sewerage. 
 E — Street and public grounds. 
 F — Houses and their tenancy. 
 G — Modes of lighting. 
 H — Refuse, excreta (how managed). 
 I — Markets. 
 
lOI 
 
 J — Diseases of animals. 
 K — Slaughter houses, abattoirs. 
 L — Manufactories, trades. 
 
 M — Schools, school buildings, other public buildings. 
 N — Almshouse, hospitals, other charities. 
 O — Police, prisons. 
 P — Fire guards. 
 Q — Cemeteries, burials. 
 R — Public health laws, regulations, 
 i S — Registration, vital statistics. 
 
 T — Quarantine, contagious diseases. 
 
 U — Sanitary expenses. 
 
 V — Heat and ventilation for dwellings. 
 
 This outline indicates a wide field of activity for public Boards of 
 Health working under the direction of the State. Other details are 
 provided for relating to finances, vaccination, public nuisances, authority 
 to enforce the law, epidemics, schools. Specific ordinances are passed 
 from time to time. 
 
 DOVER'S BOARD OF HEALTH ""^m 
 
 The history and working of the Dover Board of Health is recorded 
 in their minutes and in their annual reports. The first meeting was 
 held May i8, 1882, in the office of the Dover Printing Company; pres- 
 ent, Messrs. Crittenden, Whitlock, Covert, Gibson and Lambert. Dr. T. 
 R. Crittenden was elected chairman, and William H. Lambert secretary 
 and recorder. Meetings were to be held monthly in the council room at 
 the engine house. 
 
 Meetings proved to be quite irregular up to 1893. In April, 1893, a 
 "Sanitary Code of the Town of Dover" was published, John S. Abel 
 being then president, and Joseph V. Baker secretary. Various details 
 were therein specified in print for the instruction of the community. 
 
 March 31, 1887, an ordinance was passed making Dover's Board of 
 Health consist of five members serving four years, Horace L. Dunham 
 being then Mayor, the members to be appointed and elected by ballot by 
 the Mayor, Recorder, Aldermen and Common Council at their regular 
 meeting in May. Two hundred and twenty-five dollars was appropriated 
 to pay salaries and expenses. April i, 1894, the annual report was pub- 
 lished in the local paper. Meetings were held frequently, and annual 
 reports published, as shown in the minute book which ends January 25, 
 1909. 
 
 At a later date the terms of service of members of the board was 
 changed to three years. 
 
 July 26, 1897, an ordinance was passed relating to the adulteration 
 of food or drink and to prevent the sale of articles unfit for food ; also 
 an ordinance to prevent epidemics from spreading ; also an ordinance to 
 compel the return of all births, deaths and marriages by physicians, mid- 
 wives, nurses, clergymen, magistrates and others professionally officiat- 
 ing. 
 
102 
 
 July 17, 1899, John G. Taylor was elected health inspector, Eugene 
 Buchanan being then pi-esident, and G. C. Hinchman, secretary. July 
 31, 1899. the by-laws for the regulation of the Board are spread upon 
 the minutes in full in the clear handwriting of G. C. Hinchman, secre- 
 tary. 
 
 In 191 2, John G. Taylor passed the required examinations and was 
 licensed a health officer. This qualifies him to act in this capacity in any 
 city to which he may be appointed in New Jersey. 
 
 Many details are given in the minutes of the board relating to the 
 application of the law to individual cases, showing the gradual growth of 
 the Board's activity in protecting the health of the community by abat- 
 ing nuisances and fighting epidemics. The Board of Health has been a 
 veritable guardian angel of Dover. 
 
 ■ 'Some extracts from the report of 1921 will indicate the scope of 
 tlieir work for the year ending December 31, William G. Hummel, 
 prfesident. 
 
 General health, good. Cases of communicable diseases, 423, of 
 "whom sixteen died. Alore diphtheria and scarlet fever than in any year 
 since 1905. (Note.^ — Diphtheria was more prevalent in every State in 
 the Union.) Five deaths from diphtheria, and none from scarlet fever. 
 Peathrate lowest since 1914, viz : (10.5 per 1,000 of population. Infant 
 mortality low, being 67.3 per 1,000 living births, as compared with 102 
 per 1,000 in 1920. Mrs. French has helped to bring about this improve- 
 ment by her work in behalf of the babies. 
 
 The construction of sewers is imperative. (Action on this matter 
 is hoped for this year.) 
 
 A new milk ordinance requires pasteurization of milk unless 
 obtained from tuberculin-tested cows. Milk to be graded according to 
 Ijacteria count and dairy /.cores, and la1)eled. This is in accordance with 
 the most modern ideas of preventive medicine. 
 
 Our food stores compare favorably with any in the State, 
 
 The disposal of garbage requires to be better provided for. 
 
 Estimated population of Dover, 10,200. 
 
 IMarriage rate, 9.4 per 1,000. 
 
 Birth rate, 21.8 per 1,000. 
 
 Death rate, .10.5 per 1,000. 
 
 A talnilated view shows the precise number of inspections relating 
 to quarantine, cesspools, chicken coops, streets, dumps, stables, ice houses, 
 nuisances, violations of code, communicable diseases, being a total of 
 -1,455 inspections. 
 
 THE LABORATORY OF THE BOARD OF HEALTH 
 
 By Martin E. Alpers, Bacteriologist 
 The laboratory of the Board of Health was started about 191 1, 
 in the rooms the Board occupied in the National Union Bank Building. 
 The quarters were so limited and the equipment so small that very little 
 actual work could be done. When the old fire house was remodeled so 
 that it would house all the various departments of the town, the Board 
 
?03 
 
 obtained two rooms, one of which was fitted out as a laboratory with 
 wood and stone-covered benches, running water, gas outlets, incubatorsy 
 glassware and a good microscope. • 
 
 The actual w(-ft'lc that the laboratory started with was mainly the 
 examination of the milk supply of Dover. This was gone over thor- 
 oughly. The chemical analysis consisted of taking the specific gravity, 
 the amount of dirt present, the estimation of the fats, total solids and 
 solids not fat, taste, odor and temperature. The bacteriological analysis 
 consisted of the total bacteria count per c.c. 
 
 The analysis of the water supply is now one of its chief functions. 
 The analysis consists of a microscopical and a bacteriological examina- 
 tion. The microscopical analysis consists of the enumeration of the 
 actual number of species of the various algae, desmids, diatoms and 
 animalcules that affect the odor or taste of a water supply. The chief 
 cause of a noticeable taste in our supply is due to the growth of the 
 diatom Asterionella. Its most active period of growth is about the 
 first of March. Often the trouble can be remedied by flushing the mains, 
 as large numbers may be pocketed in some parts of the system. As far 
 as known, none of these various algae or animalcules have any effect on 
 a water in regard to health except being slightly offensive to taste or 
 smell. 
 
 The bacteriological examination consists of testing the water for 
 the presence of the bacillus Coli Communis, commonly called the B. 
 Coli. These bacteria are normal inhabitants of the intestines of human 
 beings and animals. The presence of these bacteria in a water supply is 
 presumptive evidence that the supply is being contaminated by sewer- 
 age. B. Coli found in a water supply in a smaller amount than 5 c.c. of 
 water indicates danger not in the B. Coli itself, but as showing that 
 typhoid fever may be in the water, as both bacteria come from the 
 same source, the excreta of humans or animals. 
 
 The clinical work of the laboratory consists mainly of the examina- 
 tion of sputum for the finding of the tuberculosis bacilli, the making of 
 cultures from swabs taken by physicians from the throats of their 
 patients for the finding of the diphtheria bacillus, and the examination 
 of slides of gonorrheal smears sent in by the physician for the finding of 
 the gonococci. 
 
 The making of these analyses is very important. Often tubercu- 
 losis can be recognized by the presence of the T. B. in the sputum before 
 the physical signs are too apparent and the sufferer can and will go to 
 some place where he will receive proper treatment. The finding of the 
 T. B. is as conclusive evidence as can be that the patient has tuberculosis. 
 The not finding of the T. B. does not mean that the patient has not the 
 disease, as often they are deep-seated and easily absent in the sample 
 of sputum. 
 
 The diphtheria analysis is also of great importance. In the early 
 stages, if found positive, it calls for the giving of the diphtheria anti- 
 toxin, which so absorbs the disease as to almost remove the fear and 
 dread that this disease once caused. Also, in the final stages, the making 
 
I04 
 
 of cultures is of the utmost importance, as after the patient seems to be 
 entirely recovered the diphtheria bacilli are sometimes harbored in the 
 throat for months. If persons so affected were released from quarantine, 
 they might easily inoculate a great many others with diphtheria. 
 
 OTHER PROMOTERS OF HEALTH 
 
 To the above summary of the history of our local Board of Health 
 we add a few statements in regard to other agencies working for the 
 public health of the community. 
 
 Our local Red Cross is still active in promoting community health. 
 
 The history of our Woman's Club shows that they have been able 
 allies of the Board of Health. 
 
 A special chapter could be written about the influenza year. Con- 
 sult the report of the Red Cross and the Woman's Club, given elsewhere. 
 The historian who tries to record all the good deeds done in Dover has 
 his hands full. 
 
 The State Board of Education has emphasized instruction and drill 
 in health and hygiene, and the teachers in the public schools have done 
 much special work in this regard during recent years. Dr. Emma 
 Clark is retained as the school physician. 
 
 Our public magazines and published books contain a vast amount 
 of literature disseminating information upon countless details of private 
 and civic life. 
 
 Hospitals and the profession of nursing and specialization in clinical 
 practice, together with improved instruments and methods of work, have 
 added much to the alleviation of sickness and the prevention of death. 
 Life Extension Bureaus make it their special study to examine and safe- 
 guard those who by advancing age are more liable to the attacks of 
 disease and sudden death. The Metropolitan Life Insurance Company 
 employs nurses, gives physical examinations, and disseminates valuable 
 information upon matters of hygiene among its members. A mere list 
 of titles and some of its "slogans" is suggestive of the extent of their 
 influence, and statistics support the claim that much good is being done 
 in the way of prevention. The following is a list of titles in the Dover 
 office of this company : 
 
 Statement to Legislature, State of New York, upon a Constructive 
 Plan for Health Conservation, issued by the National Civic Federation 
 through its Social Insurance Department. 
 
 Health Campaign : Six Principles : Clean Homes, Clean Milk, No 
 Flies, No Mosquitoes, Well Babies, No Tuberculosis, Pure Food. The 
 best weapons against Tuberculosis are Sunshine, Cleanliness and Good 
 Food. 
 
 The Child : Directions for the care and feeding of babies. 
 
 Care of the Teeth. 
 
 The "Flu" and You. 
 
 The Metropolitan Mother Goose for Children. Beautifully illus- 
 trated. 
 
 The Health of the Worker. Danger to health in shop and factory- 
 and how to avoid them. 
 
r ' ■ 105 
 
 All About Milk. Illustrated. 
 
 How to Live Long. By Irving Fisher, Yale University. 
 
 The Prevention of Pneumonia. 
 
 Child Health Alphabet. Illustrated. 
 
 Food Facts. 
 
 Fake Consumption Cures. 
 
 Tuberculosis is Preventable. 
 
 Your Friend — the Nurse. 
 
 Diphtheria. 
 
 Stamp Out Smallpox. 
 
 Clean Up. 
 
 The Metropolitan, a magazine published in various languages, relat- 
 ing to health topics. 
 
 Some results of these efforts to deal with disease and promote good 
 health are shown by the vital statistics of the year 1921 for the United 
 States and Canada, for insured members. 
 
 From the "New York World," February 26, 1922: "Mortality 
 8.54 per 1,000 (31.9 per cent, lower than 191 1). If the death rate of 
 191 1 had prevailed in 1922 there would have been 54,942 more deaths." 
 
 This reduction took place largely in the death rates for tuberculosis, 
 pneumonia and influenza. 
 
 But diphtheria is on the increase. To contend against this a new 
 method is in use, consisting of the use of the Schick test and the admin- 
 istration of antitoxin to those who are found by this test to be most sus- 
 ceptible to this disease. New York State is inaugurating special meas- 
 ures to combat this disease. ("New York Herald," March 19, 1922.) 
 
 Deaths from alcoholism showed an increase of over fifty per cent, 
 among Metropolitan industrial policyholders in 1921, as compared with 
 1920. 
 
 The Board of Health receives an appropriation from the town, now 
 amounting to $4,000. In case of an epidemic or a pandemic the neces- 
 sary funds are provided. The members of the board serve without pay. 
 The Attorney-General of the State recently made a ruling that a paid 
 employee of the Board could not at the same time be a member of the 
 Board. In consequence of this ruling, W. H. Tonking resigned as a 
 member of the Board in order to continue his work as secretary, a posi- 
 tion which he has filled since 1910. Martin E. Alpers also resigned in 
 order to continue his work as bacteriologist. 
 
 The care of community health is a far-reaching problem, depending 
 in part upon the co-ordinated efforts of contiguous communities. 
 
 The authority and work of the Board of Health extends to animals 
 as well as human beings, as shown by their inspections of dairy herds. 
 Human life and health depend in part upon the healthy conditions of 
 domestic animals. 
 
 As a community becomes more populous and more thickly settled 
 the work of a Board of Health becomes more necessary and should be 
 more strictly exercised. Since 1910 the Dover Board of Health has 
 
ao6 
 
 greatly increased its vigilant and scieritifie regulation of public health. 
 There is always a -disposition on the part of some individuals to resist 
 or to speak lightly of such increasing vigilance, assuming that the cus- 
 toms of a century ago are good enough for the present day. But it 
 should be remembered that many factors in the health problem have 
 changed. The watchword of the Dover Board of Health reads as fol- 
 lows : "Eternal vigilance is the price of public health." The public 
 should appreciate their earnest efforts to conserve the health of the 
 town and to maintain the high record shown in the vital statistics report. 
 The time to relax such vigilance has not yet arrived. 
 
 RECENT PRESIDENTS OF BOARD OF HEALTH 
 
 1910 and 191 1 — Arthur P. Van Gelder. 
 1912 and 1913 — Dr. A. J. Carroll. 
 1913, 1915 and 1916 — Emil J. Riederer. 
 191 7 and 1918- — Martin E. Alpers. 
 1 9 19 and 1920 — George F. Steffany. 
 1 92 1 — William G. Hummel. 
 
 CHILD HYGIENE IN DOVER 
 By Mrs. Mabel E. French, R. N. 
 Much is being done to improve the health and well-being of our 
 mothers, babies and children. 
 
 After a two-year demonstration of the work by the State Depart- 
 ment of Health as to what a great help a baby keep-well station would 
 be for our town, Dover decided to support this good work for the good 
 and. well-being of its mothers and children. 
 
 The function of this work and clinic is to stimulate interest and 
 induce the right methods and, with healthful, systematic care, make 
 life more vigorous, disease less frequent, decay less rapid, death more 
 remote. 
 
 It is preventive hygiene and its accomplishments that is measured 
 riot by reduced mortality alone but by increased health rates. 
 
 Effective hygiene work consists of teaching the expectant mothers 
 before babies are born and then supervising these babies up to adolesc- 
 ence, that is the infant through two years, then the pre-school child, 
 two to five years, and in some localities where there is no school nurse, 
 the school child. 
 
 So much of the school work done for the child would be unneces- 
 sary if all babies were looked after during the first two years, as it is 
 known by experience that this is the time when the foundation is laid 
 for a sound, healthy physique for our future women and men. 
 
 The child hygiene bureau feels their work is not only life savings 
 but is the means of establishing good citizenship, which means self-con- 
 trol and self-denial, which after all are most important factors. 
 
 The hygiene nurses teach expectant mothers personal hygiene that 
 babies may have their birthright maternal nursing. 
 
 Through the medium of birth records, mothers and babies are vis- 
 ited before (if possible) the baby is two weeks old, so as to encourage 
 and insure maternal nursing. 
 
10/ 
 
 This is the solution of infant rtiortaHty, as twenty-seven lx)ttle-fed 
 babies become sick with diarrhea to one that is breast-fed. Ten babies 
 bottle-fed die to one breast-ied. 
 
 Visits to babies and mothers are made as often and as long as 
 necessary in most cases once a week until baby is one month, then once 
 a month for one year. 
 
 It is estimated ninety per cent, of the best work is done in the home 
 visits. 
 
 But the proof of the results and proper growth and development is 
 through the clinics at the Baby Station, where babies are weighed and 
 measured and records systematically kept of each baby. 
 
 The proper feeding of the infant during the second year must not be 
 minimized by the stress of the first year. 
 
 During first year's visits the. nurse will have illustrated the value of 
 proper care and administration of food, the control of rest and play, so 
 that after one year and before if possible mothers will seek advice at 
 the station, releasing the nurse to younger babies and expectant mothers. 
 
 Then comes the "dark no man's land" of childhood. 
 
 The children are watched carefully for defects, that they may be 
 corrected early before they become permanent. 
 
 In many instances defective sight and hearing, impaired speech, 
 curvatures of limb and spine have been corrected which might have 
 become permanent if not corrected in time. 
 
 In 192 1 there were 75.6 deaths of infants under one year of age 
 per -1,000 living births, while there were only 34.2 per 1,000 living 
 births of the babies supervised, making the birthrate of the State more 
 than twice that of the supervised babies. 
 
 At present 177 communities are carrying on State Child Hygiene 
 programs under State supervision. 
 
 Twenty-two of these are supported by their own municipalities or 
 private organizations. 
 
 We are more than proud to say Dover is among these twenty-two 
 stations, which means Dover cares and is providing a means whereby 
 mothers and babies can be helped, be healthy mothers and babies. 
 
 Dover mothers should avail themselves of this great privilege and 
 derive the benefit of the hygiene work your town is otTering you. 
 
 Clinics every Wednesday 9:30 to 11:30 A. M. Dr. Costello in 
 charge, July. Northside School. 
 
io8 
 
 THE DOVER GENERAL HOSPITAL 
 
 The idea of a Hospital in Dover was first conceived by the late 
 W. W. Halloway, D.D., who in calling on the members of his parish 
 very frequently would find the members of the Nos Ipsae Club, a social 
 organization, assembled. He was always delighted to meet them and 
 invariably left with these words : "Why don't you ladies start a Hos- 
 pital for Dover?" 
 
 The little seed sown finally began to sprout. The ladies began to 
 think and talk about it. Why not do something worth while for Dover ? 
 The decision was made and with the co-operation of Dr. Halloway and 
 other influential citizens of the town, the Hospital project was first 
 brought to the attention of the people of Dover, on September lo, 1907. 
 
 A public meeting was held in Library Hall for the purpose of per- 
 fecting an organization with the view of establishing a Hospital in 
 Dover. The Committee chosen for this purpose was: L W. Searing, 
 Chairman; Dr. Emma Clark, Max Heller, and Dr. J. W. Farrow. 
 
 In the initial stage of the development of the Hospital movement 
 the greatest enthusiasm was manifested. The organization was about 
 completed. A certificate of incorporation was presented for adoption 
 and many of the representative and influential men of Dover and vicin- 
 ity were named as incorporators. The articles of incorporation set 
 forth that the institution should be called The Dover General Hospital. 
 
 It was at this period of growth that opposition undreamed of arose 
 and as a consequence most of the men named as incorporators declined 
 to act and the most influential men of the organization withdrew their 
 support. 
 
 After due deliberation at a public meeting, held November 13, 1907, 
 a committee of five was appointed to wait on the Nos Ipsae Club and 
 ask them to form the desired incorporation. Discouraged, but still hope- 
 ful, the ladies did complete the organization and the certificate of incor- 
 poration was filed with the Secretary of the State, January 2nd, 1909. 
 
 A Hospital fund was started and a Woman's Auxiliary was organ- 
 ized. 
 
 The incorporators, who constituted the first Board of Trustees 
 were : Mary Augusta Searing, Mary Waer. Nellie Cook, Bertha McDavit, 
 Anna Hairhouse, Lena Dott Allen, N. Eleanor Hulsart. Dr. W. W. 
 Halloway, George Pierson, J. H. Hulsart, and Wm. H. Baker were 
 selected as the Advisory Board, 
 
 For seven years the establishment of a Hospital was agitated and 
 money was slowly, but steadily added to the fund by collections, dona- 
 tions and various other means. 
 
 In May, 191 4, a part of the large estate of the late Richard George 
 was purchased by the Board of Trustees for $7,000. With the purchase 
 of the property came new inspiration, renewed interest and new friends 
 for the cause. The Board was re-organized and the number increased 
 to thirty members. 
 
109 
 
 Work on the building was started at once and by the co-operation 
 of the physicians and the Woman's Auxiliary with the Board of Trus- 
 tees and l3y the generous spirit of the people of Dover and vicinity the 
 building was completely remodeled and equipped. 
 
 Gratitude is due the following organizations and individuals who 
 took a room in its original condition, and fitted it up for occupancy : 
 Dover Fire Wardens, Knitters' Union and German Turn Verein, Mt. 
 Fern Social Club, Mrs. Caroline Smith and daughters, Mrs. E. M. Bell, 
 and Mrs. John Taylor, Harry L. Schwarz and Mark H. Schwarz. 
 
 The Nos Ipsae Club of Dover and the King's Daughters of Rock- 
 away each donated a bed in the Woman's Ward. 
 
 The Hospital was dedicated January g, 1916. The dedicatory 
 address was delivered by W. L. R. Lynd and the main address was 
 given by Dr. F. D. Gray, President of the State Medical Society. 
 
 The first patient admitted to the Hospital was a man ill with pneu- 
 monia, sent from Port Morris, January 13, 1916, by Dr. Miller, of 
 Netcong. 
 
 Miss Annie Wiley, of Paterson acted as Superintendent until 
 Miss Elizabeth Miller of the Presbyterian Hospital of Newark, was 
 engaged. Seventeen patients were received during the first month of 
 the Hospital's existence. 
 
 The Hospital was dedicated with Mrs. Munson Searing, the 
 "Mother of the Hospital," as President, and A. P. Van Gelder, acting 
 president. During his two terms of service Mr. Van Gelder had visions 
 of a new modern hospital and before leaving he donated a complete set 
 of plans for a new building. 
 
 In 1918, Mr. Max Heller was elected president and has proved a 
 inost efiicient and worthy official. Mr. Heller inaugurated the annual 
 subscribing membership plan, resulting in thousands of dollars being 
 added to the Hospital's treasury. During his administration the mort- 
 gage of $5,000 on the property was cancelled and to-day the Dover 
 General Hospital stands free and clear of any incumbrance. 
 
 The first paid endowment was received in 1920 from the estate of 
 the late Ruth C. Webb, amounting to $2,615.06. 
 
 The first bed was endowed by David Misel, of New York City, 
 in memory of his brother, Henry J. Misel, of Dover. One thousand 
 dollars was received. 
 
 The Dover General Hospital to-day has twenty-four beds, eight 
 regular nurses, an efficient corps of administrative officers, a well 
 equipped operating room, a pathological laboratory and an X-ray room. 
 Great credit is due Miss Miller, the present Superintendent, who by 
 her untiring efforts has built up the Hospital to the high standard it now 
 attains. 
 
 During the year T921 there were five hundred and six patients 
 treated in the Hospital. 
 
 N. Eleanor Hulsart. 
 
THE WOMAN'S AUXILIARY OF THE DOVER GENERAL 
 
 HOSPITAL 
 
 As has been stated in the Hospital article, the Nos Ipsae Club was 
 the nucleus of the Woman's Auxiliary of the Dover General Hospital. 
 
 After the Hospital was incorporated in the year 1909, the women 
 formed an Auxiliary to work in co-operation with the Board of Trustees 
 and help them wherever possible, either morally or financially. 
 
 At first their work consisted chiefly of collecting money by various 
 means, but after a time they began to find other avenues of usefulness 
 and the membership steadily increased until it now has about 375 
 members. 
 
 The dues have always been one dollar a year, as it has been the aim 
 of the organization to get the interest, good will, and co-operation of as 
 many people as possible. 
 
 Three units of the Auxiliary have been formed : One at Wharton ; 
 one at Flanders ; and the Roxbury Unit, which includes the territory 
 from Lake Hopatcong to Kenvil. 
 
 Monthly meetings are held from September to June, inclusive. 
 Besides transacting the regular business of the organization we have 
 many prominent speakers, who come to us with messages of interest and 
 instruction. 
 
 The Hospital was really purchased with money collected by the 
 Auxiliary, and various sums have been given for repairs and fixtures 
 during the past years. 
 
 It has been found that a Nurses' Home is a necessity. It is a 
 very great expense to have most of the nursing staff graduate nurses 
 and by having a Home it is possible to have a training school, the pupils 
 of which will supplement the graduate nurses, thereby raising the stand- 
 ing of the Hospital and lowering the cost of maintenance. The Aux- 
 iliary has taken the responsibility of raising the money for such a build- 
 ing and at the present time has nearly $3,000 in the fund. 
 
 Each year a donation week is held by the Auxiliary, when the citi- 
 zens of Dover and all the surrounding communities are asked to con- 
 tribute something to the Hospital. The response to that call is always 
 very generous and eatables of all kinds are given; also a considerable 
 amount of money. This lowers the cost of living at the institution to a 
 great extent and is sincerely appreciated. 
 
 The work of the Auxiliary is organized under the following com- 
 mittees : the Sewing Committee, which makes Hospital garments, bed 
 sheets, draw sheets, etc., as needed ; the Linen Committee, which col- 
 lects old linen wherever possible, to be used in the Hospital ; the Visiting 
 Committee, whose members frequently call upon the patients at the 
 Hospital and carry them messages of comfort and cheer which are greatly 
 enjoyed ; the Program Committee, which arranges for all speakers and 
 entertainment ; and the Membership Committee, whose duty it is to 
 attend to the renewal of memberships and solicit new members. 
 
Hi 
 
 The staff of physicians and the administrative officers of the Hos- 
 pital feel that they could not carry on their splendid work without the 
 aid of the Auxiliary, which expects to continue its activities and hopes 
 to be able to help realize the ambition of the staff and of all public- 
 minded citizens for a modern, well-equipped Hospital and Nurses' 
 Home in an ideal location. 
 
 Mrs. Fletcher Fritts. 
 
 AMERICAN RED CROSS 
 
 West Morris County Chapter, Dover, New Jersey 
 
 Note: — The History Committee of our local Red Cross has con- 
 tributed by request the following facts and figures pertaining to its work 
 — an impressive record of the response made by Dover and neighbor- 
 ing communities to the call for service that reached us in April, 1917. 
 But figures fail to express the full meaning of the loyalty, devotion and 
 helpfulness to which they point. 
 
 "Dover Dates" takes on new meaning when such facts and figures 
 as these are added to the story. And the work of our Red Cross Chapter 
 is a "continued story." 
 
 I. Introduction. 
 
 A local newspaper gives the following account of the formation of 
 the chapter : 
 
 "Dover is to have a part in the great work now being carried on by 
 the American Red Cross. A meeting of patriotic citizens was held in 
 St. John's parish house last week (March 20, 1917) to consider a plan 
 by which Dover might do its part to aid in the great national crisis. After 
 much discussion it was decided to ask for a charter to form a chapter of 
 the American Red Cross, to be known as Dover Chapter. It will be the 
 purpose of the chapter to give instruction in first aid, home care of the 
 sick, field nursing, and prepare bandages and surgical dressings and 
 comfort bags for the use of soldiers. The Rev. Walter E. Howe was 
 elected temporary chairman, and Miss Martha Burnet temporary secre- 
 tary, 
 
 "As soon as authority has been received from national headquarters^ 
 a public meeting will be called to formally organize the chapter and begin 
 work. The use of St. John's parish house has been tendered for a head- 
 quarters for its operation. 
 
 "A hearty response, made with the suggestion that Dover take up 
 this work, indicates that there is no real lack of patriotism here and 
 that, should war break out, our town is ready to give of its best support 
 to the government." 
 
 On April 10, 1917, a mass meeting was held at Elite Hall, at which 
 West Morris County Chapter, A. R. C, was formally organized with 
 the following officers : 
 
112 
 
 Chairman — Rev. Walter E. Howe. 
 Vice-Chairman — Mrs. James T. Lowe. 
 Secretary — Miss Martha A. Burnet. 
 Treasurer — J. D. B. Vreeland. 
 
 And the name "West Morris County Chapter" adopted at the 
 requests of the Atlantic Division. 
 
 The geographical limits of the chapter were defined as follows: 
 Morris County, except that part covered by Madison Chapter, and the 
 Town of Morristown, which was assigned to Morristown Chapter, and 
 the Town of Stanhope, in Sussex County. At a later date the Atlantic 
 Division found that Mendham was included in the territory of Morris- 
 town Chapter. Still later, after Morristown Chapter had taken over, 
 without our consent, an auxiliary organized at German (now Long) 
 Valley, this town was relinquished to Morristown Chapter. In 191 8, by 
 agreement with Sussex Chapter, Byram Township was added to our 
 territory. 
 
 Morristown Chapter has invaded the territory of West Morris 
 County Chapter at Mt. Freedom, and has collected funds at Rockaway 
 and Mt. Tabor. 
 
 By April 14 the membership of the local Red Cross had increased to 
 250. permanent headquarters had been established in the parish house 
 of St. John's Church, through the courtesy of the vestry, and the follow- 
 ing committees were organized : Extension, Canteen, Educational, 
 Finance, Headquarters and Enrollment. 
 
 Branches and auxiliaries were organized as follows : 
 Branches — 
 
 Wharton, April 23, 191 7. 
 
 Boonton, April 29, 1917. 
 
 Rockaway, May 8, 1917. 
 
 Musconetcong, June 11, 1917 (including Stanhope, Netcong, Budd 
 Lake). 
 Auxiliaries — 
 
 Denville, May 3, 1917. 
 
 Roxbury, May, 191 7 (including Succasunna, Ledgewood, Flanders) 
 
 Mountain Lakes, May, 1917. 
 
 Towaca, June 12, 1917. 
 
 Parsippany, June i, 191 7. 
 
 Hopatcong, July 11, 191 7. 
 
 Rockaway Valley, September 7, 1917. 
 
 Port Morris, Octol)er 12, 1917. (Disbanded January 6, 1918. 
 Merged with Musconetcong.) 
 
 Mine Hill, February 9, 1918. (Disbanded February, 1919.) 
 
 Mount Hope, May 20, 1918. 
 
 Teabo, July, 1918. 
 IL Personnel. 
 
 Chairman — 
 
 Rev. W. E. Howe, Rector St. John's Church. April 10, 1917- 
 November 28, 191 7. 
 
113 
 
 Warren C. Van Benschoten, December 12, 1917-November 
 27, 1918. 
 
 Robert Richards, Alderman, Town of Dover, November 27, 
 1918- 
 Vice-Chairman — 
 
 Mrs. James T. Lowe, April 10, 1917-October 24, 1917. 
 
 Robert Richards, October 24, 1917-August 28, 1918. 
 
 W. H. Hosking, November 27, 1918-January 8, 1919. 
 
 Charles B. Boyd, January 8, 1919- 
 Secretary — 
 
 Miss Martha A. Burnet, April 10, 1917- 
 
 Miss Minerva Freeman, October 24, 191 7- 
 Assistant Secretary — 
 
 Miss Mary Sutton, May 20, 1918- 
 
 Treasurer — 
 
 J. D. B. Vreeland, April 10, 1917-November 28, 191 7. 
 
 Samuel Male, December 12, 1917-January 30, 1918. 
 
 Harry A. Armitage, February 27, 1918-November 27, 1918. 
 
 Fletcher L. Fritts, November 27, 1918-July i, 1919. 
 
 Mrs. Edward G. Lewis, July 25, 1919-August 13, 1919. 
 
 Miss Mabel Herrick, August, 1919- 
 Committee Chairmen — 
 Membership — 
 
 Miss Ada Chandler, October 24, 1917-November 27, 1918. 
 
 Mrs. S. C. Hume, November 27, 1918- 
 Surgical Dressings — 
 
 Dr. Julia Mutchler, October 24, 1917-August 7, 1918. 
 
 Assistant — ■ 
 Mrs. F. F. Hummel, March, 1918-September, 1918. 
 Mrs. Peter MacMillan, August 7, 1918-November 27, 1918. 
 
 Hospital Supplies — 
 
 Mrs. Louise Fanning, April 10, 1917-August 7, 1918. 
 
 Mrs. T. B. Fogarty, August 7, 1918-November 27, 1918. 
 Supplies — 
 
 Mrs. Emil Kattermann, October 24, 1917-November 27, 1918. 
 Assistant — 
 
 Mrs. James Govern, October 24, 1917-November 27, 1918. 
 
 Mrs. Peter MacMillan, November 27, 1918- 
 Finance — 
 
 Harry R. Gill, October 24, 1917-November 27, 1918. 
 
 James V. Laughlin, November 27, 1918- 
 Chapter Production — 
 
 Miss Mary F. Rose, November 2^, 1918-July 2, 1918. 
 Extension — 
 
 Rev. W. E. Howe, October 24, 1917- 
 Junior Work — 
 
 Mrs. Max Heller, October 24, 1917-November 27, 1918. 
 
 Miss Minerva Freeman, November 2^, 1918- 
 
114 
 
 Civilian Relief — 
 
 Capen A. Fleming, November 28, 1917-November 27, 1918. 
 
 Mrs. J. W. Estler, September, 191 7- 
 
 Mrs. T. B. Fogarty, November 27, 191 8- 
 Influenza Epidemic — 
 
 Mrs. Peter MacMillan. 
 Publicity — 
 
 Mrs. Rae M. Silberg, October 24, 1917-November 2"], 1918. 
 
 Miss Martha A. Burnet, November ^y, 1918- 
 
 III. Organization. 
 
 April 10, 1917, according to A. D. No. 149. 
 
 Reorganized October 24, 1917. 
 
 Reorganized November 27, 19 18, in accordance with latest instruc- 
 tions from the Atlantic Division embodied in pamphlets entitled "Chapter 
 Organization" and "By-Laws." 
 
 IV. Method of Work. 
 
 Methods of work were those prescribed by the Atlantic Division, 
 The chairman of hospital supplies and of surgical dressings frequently 
 visited Atlantic Division headquarters in New York for conference with 
 the head of those departments. 
 
 V. Record of Work. 
 
 1. Drives — 
 
 First Red Cross War Fund ..... $639.84 
 
 Second Red Cross War Fund. . . 45,723.29 
 
 Christmas Roll Call, 1917 5,643.24 
 
 Christmas Roll Call, 1918 8,779.00 
 
 2. Supplies Manufactured — 
 
 Three hundred and six cases containing surgical dressings, knitted 
 articles, hospital garments, refugee garments and comfort kits. 
 
 3. Surgical Dressings Classes and Work Rooms — 
 
 During the first months of 1918, classes in surgical dressings were 
 held by Dr. Julia Mutchler and Miss Killgore at different places, so that 
 there were many trained workers throughout the chapter. An advanced 
 or normal course was held at Mountain Lakes and Boonton. Early in 
 the spring these classes were discontinued by order of the Atlantic Divi- 
 sion. Fifteen work rooms were maintained until August, 19 18, when 
 the curtailment of surgical dressings was ordered. For many months 
 six rooms were maintained for work on the allotments ordered by the 
 Atlantic Division. In addition each branch and auxiliary did local work 
 in connection with the influenza epidemic, each supplying its own com- 
 munity with pneumonia jackets, face masks and hospital supplies. Pica- 
 tinny Arsenal was also furnished with similar supplies from the work 
 rooms in Dover. 
 
 4. First-Aid Classes — 
 
 Dover 3 
 
 Rockaway i 
 
 Succasunna i 
 
 Wharton i 
 
 Mountain Lakes ... i 
 
115 
 
 Instructor Enrolled Graduated 
 
 Dr. W. F. Costello 41 27 
 
 Dr. G. H. Foster 12 8 
 
 Dr. C. A. Plume 10 9 
 
 Dr. H. W. Kice 34 14 
 
 Dr. Bernstein 20 14 
 
 Most of the other places ignored the chapter and sent lists directly 
 to Washington. 
 
 5. Junior Activities — 
 
 Junior auxiliaries, 13; membership, 3,402, as follows: 
 
 (139 
 
 Boonton (one organization, three schools) . . ( 184. 
 
 ( 468 
 
 Denville 106 ■ 
 
 Dover Northside School 1.150 
 
 Dover Southside School 329 
 
 Marcella 48 
 
 Mine Hill 42 
 
 Mount Hope Avenue, Rockaway Township. . 42 
 
 Mountain Lakes 132 
 
 Morris County Children's Home 25 
 
 Rockaway (one organization, two schools) . ( 251 
 
 ( 341 
 Towaco 100 
 
 St. John's School, Boonton 45 
 
 Total 3,402 
 
 Their work consisted of 1,255 sewed and 681 knitted articles, also 
 poultry raising and gardening ; funds contributed to National Children's 
 Fund, $280.61. 
 
 6. Belgian Relief — 
 
 Used clothing. Mrs. Luther Tompkins and Mrs. Edward G. Lewis. 
 First drive, September 23-30, 1918, 8,450 pounds; second drive. March 
 24-31, 1919, 5,241 pounds. 
 
 7. Military Relief — 
 
 Knitted garments (sweaters, caps, helmets, scarfs) furnished to 
 soldiers at Picatinny Arsenal and marines and sailors at Naval Ammu- 
 nition Depot, Lake Denmark, N. J., in accordance with directions 
 received from John Magee, director. Military Relief, Atlantic Division. 
 
 8. Civilian Relief. 
 
 In addition to the cases that came under the care of the home 
 service committee, this chapter co-operated with the town authorities in 
 furnishing and maintaining an emergency hospital containing twenty 
 beds and seventy patients in St. John's parish house during the Spanish 
 influenza epidemic. October-November, 1918. Musconetcong branch 
 organized and maintained an emergency hospital at Stanhope, New 
 Jersey. In other branches and auxiliaries persons who had taken first- 
 aid courses rendered valuable aid in caring for the sick in their homes. 
 
ii6 
 
 9. Publicity — 
 
 The chairman has received all communications from the Atlantic 
 Division, intended for publication, through the local chapter; has taken 
 extracts therefrom and had same published in the local newspapers 
 weekly and sometimes semi-weekly. The public has been given detailed 
 monthly reports of all meetings of the executive committe, also items of 
 interest to local Red Cross activities. 
 
 10. Membership — 9,011. 
 
 11. Celebration for "boys," supper and parade, July 16-17, 1919. 
 The chairman of the luncheon committee, Mrs. Louise Fanning, 
 
 reported that on July 16 a supper was served in Arcanum Hall to the 
 soldiers and sailors of the Second District of Morris County, by the 
 members of West Morris County Chapter. In addition to contributions 
 of money from the various branches and auxiliaries, one hundred quarts 
 of ice cream were donated by W. C. Van Benschoten, and one hundred 
 cakes were donated by members of the Red Cross. After the supper a 
 sale of ice cream and cake was held, netting $36.55, and the remainder 
 of the cakes were donated to Dover General Hospital, the local Salva- 
 tion Army, and the Children's Home, at Parsippany. The treasurer, 
 Miss Mary Sutton, reported receipts amounting to $194.65, and expenses 
 $107.23, leaving a balance of $87.42, which, plus 75 cents, was donated 
 to the World War veterans. 
 
 Chapter History Committee, 
 Walter Edwin Howe, Mary Sutton, 
 
 Louise Fanning, Minerva Freeman, Chairman. 
 
 HONOR TO WHOM HONOR IS DUE 
 Robert Richards, Chairman, West Morris County Chapter. 
 
 The month of February, 1922, has come and gone, with its patriotic 
 holidays in honor of Lincoln and Washington, long celebrated in our 
 schools by special exercises commemorative of these great Americans 
 and the principles for which they stand. We now face a new day with 
 its international conferences consequent upon a greater struggle than 
 Lincoln or Washington knew. May their noble example still be potent 
 in leading us forward to a world peace founded upon true principles of 
 world statesmanship. America means mope to the world than it did 
 fifty years ago. 
 
 We incorporate in our "Dover Dates" the history of the American 
 Legion and the report of the West Morris Chapter of the American Red 
 Cross as one means of commemorating the patriotic services of men and 
 women in Dover and vicinity. And we should remember that many not 
 prominent in these orgqjiizations contributed in other ways to the sup- 
 port of those who were at the front. 
 
 The plain facts and figures of the Red Cross report should be read 
 with sympathetic interest by thinking men and women. Those facts 
 and figures are illuminated by the following verses contributed by Miss 
 Freeman, suggesting in other terms than statistics the spirit in which the 
 West Morris Chapter did its part. The committee expressed their 
 appreciation of Miss Freeman's efficiency as secretary by presenting her 
 with a Red Cross service medal. 
 
117 
 
 WOMAN'S WORK IN THE RED CROSS 
 While the men of our nation do battle 
 
 In the blood-drenched fields of France, 
 And with Briton and Gaul and Fleming 
 
 Are checking the Hun's advance, 
 
 'Tis the ancient lot of us women 
 To practice each homely art, 
 
 To wait at the rear and the sidelines, 
 And loyally do our part. 
 
 So, under the banner of service 
 We, too, enlist for the fight. 
 
 And never our hearts shall falter 
 Until the great triumph of Right. 
 
 In city and town and in hamlet 
 And places remote from our ken 
 
 We women have answered the summons 
 And we follow the steps of our men. 
 
 In humble cot and in mansion. 
 
 From dawn until late at night. 
 In the hands of women and maidens 
 
 The needles are flashing bright. 
 
 And under our busy fingers 
 The piles of garments grow — 
 
 Sweaters and caps and mufflers, 
 In cases, row upon row; 
 
 Comfort kits for our soldiers. 
 Surgical dressings, supplies. 
 
 And millions of "refugee garments," 
 For the needs of our brave Allies. 
 
 Beneath the red cross of our banner. 
 With its field of snowy white, 
 
 Eager, devoted, untiring. 
 
 We women toil on, day and night. 
 
 And though our bodies be weary. 
 Our labors shall never cease 
 
 Till the jangling tocsin of warfare 
 Gives way to the joy-bells of peace. 
 
ii8 
 
 THE FIRST DECADE OF THE WOMAN'S CLUB OF 
 
 DOVER 
 By Minerva Freeman 
 
 One of the undertakings of the Woman's Ckil) which involved a 
 great amount of labor, with a corresponding amount of satisfaction, was 
 its share in checking up the 1917-1918 birth record. The State register 
 of vital statistics for that year was knov/n to be incorrect, and the 
 woman's committee of tiie State Council of National Defense requested 
 the Woman's Clubs throughout the State to make a house-to-house 
 canvass in their districts, examine baptismal records in the churches, 
 and check up their findings with the local registrar of vital statistics. 
 The district allotted to the Dover Woman's Club included Dover, Whar- 
 ton, Mine Hill, Shongum. Millbrook. Center Grove, Mt. Freedom and 
 every house along the roads leading to these towns and villages. The 
 civics committee organized the town into districts, and with the aid of 
 residents in the other communities a thorough canvass was made. A 
 list of more than 240 babies was made, including names of babies whose 
 births had not been recorded and which were added to the State register 
 of vital statistics. The Woman's Club takes pleasure in acknowledging 
 the splendid co-operation of John G. Taylor, local health inspector and 
 registrar of vital statistics. For this work the Woman's Club received 
 special commendation from the State chairman of the woman's com- 
 mittee. New Jersey State Council of Defense, at a social gathering of 
 all the "workers" held at the home of the club president when the work 
 was completed. 
 
 The Woman's Club has always co-operated with the public library 
 in every possible way. and has accumulated a small sum of money to be 
 contributed some time toward the construction of a permanent library 
 building. 
 
 For several years the Woman's Club has been a member of the 
 Travelers' Aid Association, and the club's representative. Mrs. Walter 
 E. Howe, has on many occasions rendered valuable assistance to inexpe- 
 rienced travelers, young children who were traveling alone, etc. 
 
 The entire time of the club members has not been spent at "hard 
 labor," as might be imagined. Once a month a program meeting has 
 been held, and some of these meetings have been addressed by very 
 distinguished speakers. 
 
 A partial list includes : 
 
 May Riley Smith, former president of Sorosis. 
 
 Jessie B. Rittenhouse, Poetess. 
 
 Mrs. Beatrice Stern, of Newark. "Woman and Labor." 
 
 Mrs. Alice Jaynes, secretary of Consumers' League. 
 
 Dr. J. J. Savitz, principal State Normal School, Trenton, on "The 
 Relation of the Home to the School." 
 
 Colonel Edwin A, Stevens, of Hoboken, State road commissioner. 
 
 Mrs. William T. Ropes, president, New Jersey State Federation of 
 Woman's Clubs. 
 
119 
 
 Mrs. John, R. Schermerhorn, president. 
 
 Mrs. Charles W. Stockton, president. 
 
 Miss Sarah Askew, State hbrarian, Trenton. 
 
 Mrs. JuHa Heath, founder of the National Housewives' League. 
 
 Dr. Katherine Bement Davis, former police commissioner, New 
 York City. 
 
 Dr. Mary Gordon, of England, relief work with Serbian army. 
 
 Sergeant Ruth Farnham, ofificer of Serbian army. 
 
 Mrs. E. F. Feikert, State Republican vice-chairman for women 
 voters. 
 
 Mrs. Otto Wittpenn, State Democratic vice-chairman for women 
 voters. 
 
 Hon. William N. Runyon, Senator and ex-Governor of New Jersey. 
 
 C. L. Stonaker, secretary State Charities Aid and Prison Reform 
 Association of New Jersey. 
 
 The following is a list of the presidents of the club during the first 
 decade of its existence : 
 
 Mrs- R. A. Bennett, Mrs. S. J. Palmer, Mrs. T. J. Winslade, Mrs. 
 Seth Ely. 
 
 A series of informal lawn and porch parties are usually held at 
 homes of members during the summer, as well as the annual whist and 
 dance which is given each winter. 
 
 The Woman's Club celebrates its birthday each year by an annual 
 birthday party, at which a special entertainment is provided for the 
 members and a donation presented to the Salvation Army to be used for 
 the children's Christmas celebration. For several years the little Belgian 
 Christmas stocking has received a generous contribution for the little 
 children overseas. 
 
 The directors of the music department have always utilized the 
 talent of the club members and their friends by presenting delightful 
 vocal and instrumental selections at every meeting, and for several years 
 the Woman's Club had a splendid orchestra, under the efficient direction 
 of Miss Alice Rogers. One pleasant feature of each meeting in recent 
 years has been ten or fifteen minutes devoted to community singing. 
 
 The dramatic talent of many club members was discovered and 
 developed by Miss Ruth Beth Watts, and several noteworthy productions 
 have been given. In addition to the annual high-class vaudeville given 
 by the club members for several years, the club gave finished and artistic 
 presentations of Tennyson's "Princess"; "The Taming of the Shrew"; 
 "The Worsted Man," by John Kendrick Bangs. The Shakespearean 
 tercentenary was celebated by presenting scences from "As You Like It," 
 "Romeo and Juliet" and "The Taming of the Shrew." In recent years 
 Miss Jane Lynd has arranged a number of very charming little plays 
 and folk dances by children, and a beautiful old English Christmas 
 pageant for the club's seventh anniversary. 
 
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 The Woman's Club of Dover boasts three daughter clubs, at Long 
 Valley, Chester and Succasunna. It has always maintained most cor- 
 dial and intimate relations with these clubs, as well as the Boonton and 
 Mountain Lakes clubs, and many delightful friendships have grown out 
 of these club visits. 
 
 While the Woman's Club is proud of its achievements during the 
 past decade, the members realize that they are deeply indebted to the 
 kindness of the men who have so generously co-operated with them and 
 aided them in every undertaking, viz. : 
 
 S. J. Palmer, for the use of Palmer Hall without charge. 
 
 Board of Education, for the high school auditorium. 
 
 Vestry of St. John's Church, for the parish house. 
 
 Mayor and Councils, for co-operation in many enterprises. 
 
 Charles Munson, host of club at Pine Terrace Inn. 
 
 Dover merchants, for financial support. 
 
 Editors of local papers, for many courtesies. 
 
 The club has reached the stage where it feels the need of a perma- 
 nent home, and members are devoting their energies to accumulating a 
 fund to be used eventually for the purchase of a club house, which shall 
 also serve the town as a much-needed community house. 
 
 "Woman has found a joy in all her work. 
 Because through it she may express herself, 
 Her longings, aspirations and desires. 
 She feels herself a part within the plan 
 Of all the universe. With lonely heart 
 No longer does she stand, but, joining hands 
 With all the hosts of women through the world, 
 Works with them for a common goal at last, 
 And sees attainment, where before there was 
 Much drudgery and weariness and doubt. 
 In magic uniform she now keeps step. 
 Obeys, commands, accomplishes ; and Hope. 
 Resplendent, crowns her efforts day by day." 
 
 THE RHYME OF THE WOMAN'S CLUB OF DOVER 
 
 NEW JERSEY 
 
 1912-1919 
 
 By Minerva Freeman, Sometime Secretary 
 Dear friends, we give you greeting fair on this our festal day ; 
 We bid you in our gladness share, with spirits light and gay. 
 As one who, having reached a height, surveys the scene below, 
 Obstacles vanishing from sight, only the beauties show, 
 So, having climbed for seven years, we look back o'er our past — • 
 Vanished the ridicule and jeers; only the pleasures last. 
 To tell you all the aims we've sought would be an endless task ; 
 To mention some achievements wrought, permission we will ask. 
 The civics group found dirt a foe to proper sanitation ; 
 
121 
 
 Whate'er is done they do it well ; they always draw a throng. 
 Straightway they set to work, and so soon changed the situation. 
 They purchased rubbish cans galore, and "Clean-Up Week" they founded 
 Where weeds had flourished rank before, fair flowers now abounded. 
 
 Each opportunity they seize the town to beautify ; 
 
 A row of splendid maple trees to Hurd Park they supply. 
 
 This year, in August's scorching heat, the State requested aid ; 
 
 Its tale of births was not complete ; a survey must be made. 
 
 So, not alone in Dover, but in the county 'round 
 
 They traveled, tireless, up and down, and every infant found. 
 
 The Housewives' League lagged not behind ; they made sharp-eyed 
 
 inspections 
 Of every dairy they could find, searching in all directions. 
 The stores and shops, the bakeries too — no place they missed or slighted ; 
 Painstakingly they brought to view all things that germs invited. 
 No hidden spot escaped their glance if microbes there might lurk; 
 Unceasing was their viligance ; untiring was their work. 
 
 Next, in associative bands, they home and school united ; 
 
 The welfare of our land demands that youth should not be slighted. 
 
 The club donated many seeds to children of the schools; 
 
 Fiercely they battled with the weeds ; they followed all the rules, 
 
 Till stalwart stalks of Indian corn, asters of varied hue. 
 
 Were proudly to the club rooms borne when harvest time was due. 
 
 Later a Christmas party came ; 'twas filled with glad surprises ; 
 With laughter sweet and hearty joy they all received their prizes. 
 And many other things we've done, well worthy your attention, 
 But since the time is speeding on, none but a few we'll mention. 
 
 To make our town a healthful place we strive with might and main ; 
 We've sent our nurse, with heart of grace, to ease the pangs of pain. 
 We instituted "Baby Week," with weight and measure test ; 
 The mothers were not far to seek — they came at our behest. 
 
 Each worthy cause we help along ; we aid the best we can ; 
 We labor hard to right each wrong with money, work or plan. 
 When war was taking toll of lives, unceasing was our toil ; 
 We helped "put over" all the drives — faithful we were and loyal. 
 For the Red Cross we served with zeal, our fingers flying fast ; 
 We gave our time to others' weal ; ourselves considered last. 
 
 Not all our energies we spent in public enterprise, 
 
 For in this club is no intent all pleasure to despise. 
 
 In the dramatic art we found performers not a few ; 
 
 Plays over all the world renowned they placed before our view. 
 
 In vaudeville our girls excel in both the dance and song ; 
 
122 
 
 The charms of music always thrill our hearts to ecstasies ; 
 Our orchestra with rarest skill makes sweetest melodies. 
 
 In wisdom's way our pathway lies. Eager to know each thing, 
 
 We humbly hear the message wise that learned speakers bring. 
 
 And now. before we separate to go our various ways, 
 
 Our friends we wish to celebrate with their due meed of praise. 
 
 The officers, who guided us with wisdom, tact and skill, 
 
 Faithful, whate'er betided us, their duties to fulfill; 
 
 Our members, too, leal women all, who strive with all their might 
 
 Always to answer duty's call, strong to uphold the right ; 
 
 The host of men, who^year by year, their aid and counsel give — 
 
 We owe to them our thanks sincere ; they help our club to live. 
 
 Much happiness the past contained ; the future holds still more ; 
 For us the goal is not attained ; our prizes lie before. 
 Now let us take to-day, dear friends, our motto tried and true, 
 "By noblest means the noblest ends" we strive our work to do. 
 Then will be heard a glad refrain, acclaimed the whole town over; 
 Thousands will rise to bless our name — the Woman's Club of Dover. 
 
 HURD PARK 
 Donated by John W. Hurd and Dedicated, October 12th, 191 1 
 I lived a neighbor to Mr. Hurd for thirty-one years and knew his 
 mother and sister, wife and two daughters, who all lived together. We 
 visited back and forth and they were among our best friends. After a 
 few years' acquaintance, his mother and sister died, next his oldest 
 daughter, then his wife, and last his youngest daughter passed away and 
 left him all alone. 
 
 About two years before he died, knowing he had no immediate rela- 
 tives to leave his property to, I spoke to him about leaving the meadow 
 (as we used to call it) to the Town for a park. He was a good-natured, 
 jolly, unassuming old man, but was very slow in committing himself ; 
 so he smiled and passed it off and there was no use pressing the matter 
 and so it went on for some time. Nearly every time I would call on 
 him I would ask him to consider the matter and finally I said to him one 
 night, "Your family was one of the earliest settlers of Dover and among 
 the prominent families of the town and you are the last one of the 
 family. A short time after you are gone, the family name will be 
 forgotten. Leave this land across the street to the town and we will 
 call it Hurd Park, and it will be a monument to you and your family 
 forever." He smiled and said he would think it over. I repeated the 
 above to him from time to time and at the end of two years he sent for 
 me to come down to his house. He said to me, "Mr. Buck, I have 
 thought the matter over and decided to give the town the land for a 
 park." A deed was made out the following day. 
 
123 
 
 At the next Council meeting, I presented to the town, on behalf of 
 Mr. John W. Hurd, the deed for the land, consisting of about nine 
 acres to be used for a park and for no other purpose. I consider the 
 property at this writing worth about $100,000.00. He was criticized by 
 people for unloading it on the town, that it was not worth paying taxes 
 on and so forth. Same old story, God himself could not please every- 
 body. 
 
 The Council then appointed Mr. Emil Katterman. D. R. Hummer 
 and myself Park Commissioners and about the first thing we did was 
 to put our hands in our pocket for money to buy an iron flag pole, and 
 the Hoagland Guards presented the flag. 
 
 On October 12th, 191 1, the Hurd Park was dedicated. There was 
 a great procession of the fire department, lodges, school children and 
 soldiers from the Arsenal and it was one of the biggest days in the 
 history of Dover up to that time. Mr. Hurd sat upon his porch and 
 enjoyed it all and it was one of the happiest days of his life. He died 
 on December thirty-first following the dedication. 
 
 A short time after the dedication, the Park Commission was changed 
 by the Common Council to a Shade Tree Commission and we came 
 under the State Law of Shade Tree Commissions, with an income of 
 one-tenth of a mill per dollar on the total assessment of the town. In 
 other words, when the total assessment is $5,000,000.00 the Shade Tree 
 Commission, under the law, receives for working capital $500.00 a year. 
 One or two years it took all our income to spray the elm trees of the 
 town. Once in a while the Town Council would appropriate an extra 
 $500.00 a year, which we applied to do a little work in the park, princi- 
 pally in cutting the grass and filling it in. Then the World War broke 
 out and labor was so high, it was impossible to think of developing the 
 park at such prices, so things lay dormant until the matter of a Soldiers' 
 Monument came up in 1921 and it happened in this way. I had noticed 
 in driving through the country in my car that several towns had secured 
 a couple of cannons from the Government and I wrote to the Secretary 
 of War for two cannons to place in Hurd Park, and I succeeded in 
 securing them, but it was necessary to have Mayor Lynd sign the appli- 
 cation, so I attended the following meeting of the Council and stated 
 my case and they all seemed pleased that we had secured something for 
 the Park. Then it occurred to me and I told the Council, I had seen a 
 number of towns where they had brought in a large rock from the moun- 
 tains and put a bronze tablet on it, with an inscription like this, "In 
 memory of the Veterans of the World War," put a flower bed around it 
 and a cannon on each side, and why not do the same thing for Dover? 
 The Mayor and Council thought it would be a fine idea, just what was 
 needed and asked me if I would try and get up something and place it 
 in the park. I replied, "I would see what could be done and report 
 later." 
 
 The next day I thought the matter over and decided that such a 
 monument was on entirely too small a scale for a town like Dover. I 
 then thought of three or four stones. I went out in the woods and 
 secured half a dozen, but that was a failure, so I went again for more 
 
124 
 
 stones and repeated it a number of times and built up a mound of 
 stones in my office. Then the idea of a stone for each man, with a 
 bronze plate — with his name on it, struck me and I pasted a small piece 
 of paper on them to represented the bronze plates and then came the idea 
 of planting flowers in between the stones and I went home and had Mrs. 
 Buck get out some of her old hats and give me the flowers that were on 
 them to put between the stones and then I had a miniature of the present 
 monument. 
 
 Mayor Lynd came along and I showed it to him and he was so 
 favorably impressed with it that he asked me to set it up in the Council 
 room for their next meeting, the following Monday evening. I did as 
 he recjuested and they all thought so well of it that they passed a resolu- 
 tion adopting the model as a plan for a Soldiers' Monument and instruct- 
 ed me to place it anywhere in the Hurd Park I thought was suitable, and 
 before I left the Council Room I had $100.00 sul)scribed to it. Had I 
 not gone to the Council meeting to get Mayor Lynd's signature I would 
 never have built the monument. 
 
 Then our newspapers, the "Dover Advance" and the "Dover Index," 
 took the matter up and boosted it and subscriptions began to come in and 
 grow and started the foundation, which is eighteen feet in diameter 
 and four feet deep and had to build fires around it to keep the concrete 
 from freezing till we got it finished. Winter set in and stopped any 
 further work until Spring. 
 
 As soon as the snow disappeared in March, we started to look for 
 native stone that had lain in the weather for thousands of years and 
 were still sound and without any flaws in them and it was like going up 
 Broadway in New York looking for a perfect man — ninety-nine out of 
 a hundred had a flaw in them and we scoured the country, east and west, 
 from Hibernia almost to Andover and north and south the same in order 
 to find enough to build the monument. 
 
 Then the loading and sorting was very expensive. Many of them; 
 weigh from one to three and a half tons; some a little smaller, that were 
 easier to handle. Next came the placing of them in the monument. 
 Take a stone weighing two tons and place it here. "No, turn it over." 
 "That will not do." "Try it over there." "Well, that won't fit; here is 
 an opening; try it over here." "Let it rest there for the present and we 
 will find a place later." And so it was all the way from the bottom to 
 the top. It is much harder to lay stones as they are in the monument 
 than to build a solid stone wall, and very slow and expensive to handle 
 such large stones. Then began the criticisms and faultfinders, who 
 never gave a cent towards it ; but subscriptions kept growing without my 
 asking for a dollar. 
 
 A few of my best friends, who could well afford it, never mentioned 
 monument to me or I to them, and they never gave one cent towards it, 
 but we got along without them. We will not have to write their names 
 on the list to be framed and hung up in the Council Room. And people 
 who could the least afford it, came forward and gave liberally and really 
 more than their share. One man said to me, when the monument was, 
 nearly completed. "Here is $5.00, Mr. Buck; all I can afford; but I 
 
125 
 
 feel I would be ashamed of myself hereafter if I did not contribute 
 something to such a memorial as you are building for our heroes and 
 veterans, and which will be a credit to our town. 
 
 The Soldiers' Monument of the Second Selective District of Morris 
 County was dedicated at the Hurd Park on Memorial Day, 1922, with 
 the following program : 
 
 Capt. J, W. Farrow, Chairman 
 OPENING Mr. Peter C. Buck 
 
 President Dover Shade Tree Commission 
 
 CHORUS— "America" Arcanum Band 
 
 School Children and Assemblage 
 
 ADDRESS OF WELCOME Hon. W. H. Hosking 
 
 Mayor of Dover 
 
 CHORUS— "Memorial Day Song" School Children 
 
 INVOCATION Rev. J. F. Bindenberger, 
 
 Pastor First M. E. Church, Dover 
 
 One minute of silence will be observed by the assemblage in honor 
 lof deceased soldiers and sailors of wars of the United States and the 
 bravest of the brave, their mothers, wives and sisters, who gave their 
 loved ones for their country. 
 
 REMARKS Adjutant Alonzo B. Searing 
 
 James McDavit Post, No. 54, G. A. R. 
 
 READING ROLL OF HONOR Capt. J. W. Farrow 
 
 REMARKS — Spanish War Sergeant Warren Sumburger 
 
 GETTYSBURG ADDRESS Miss Ruth Meyer 
 
 LIST OF HONORED DEAD in whose memory the monument is 
 erected, by F. F. Apgar, Commander, W. H. Baker Post, 
 American Legion. 
 
 ORATION Hon. William N. Runyon 
 
 DEDICATION by Edward A. McGrath 
 
 State Adjutant, American Legion 
 
 UNVEILING by Miss Florence Baker 
 
 ^'STAR SPANGLED BANNER" Arcanum Band 
 
 Assemblage Standing at Attention 
 RIFLE SALUTE U. S. MARINES 
 
 TAPS 
 
 EXIT MARCH— "Over There" Arcanum Band 
 
 The monument was unveiled by Miss Florence Baker, daughter of 
 Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Baker and sister of William Hedges Baker, for 
 whom the Dover Post of the American Legion is named. 
 
 It is to be regretted that Hon. William N. Runyon could not attend, 
 having a previous engagement. 
 
126 
 
 All credit for raising the money to build the monument is due to our 
 newspapers, the "Dover Advance" and the "Dover Index," who kept in 
 touch with me and kindly published items from week to week, free of 
 charge, from start to finish, and the "Rockaway Record" also assisted 
 us, which if we had to pay for it all would place them among our largest 
 subscribers. Thanks to our newspapers. 
 
 The bronze statue is entitled "The Spirit of the American Dough- 
 boy," and was recommended by the National Memorial Committee to 
 the National Executive Committee of the American Legion, as one 
 hundred per cent, perfect, in the selection of a National Memorial 
 Statue in Centralia, Washington. It was designed by the American 
 Doughboy Company of Americus, Georgia, and made in Chicago. 
 
 The large bronze tablet was donated by Charles N. Polasky and has 
 the following inscription on it: 
 
 "In Memory of the Veterans of the World War and the Men who 
 gave their lives for their Country from this District, whose names 
 appear on the stones below." Erected 1922. 
 
 There were thirty-eight men who died, from the Second District of 
 Morris County, and there is a stone for each man, with a bronze tablet 
 with his name on as follows : 
 
 Harry B. Anderson 
 
 Herbert Atkins 
 William H. Baker 
 John R. Booth 
 Charles C. Buck 
 W. Joseph Bickert 
 Thomas A. Cannon 
 John Castimore 
 Bertram Chamberlain 
 Samuel Chiarella 
 Bertram F. Cox 
 James A. Donaldson 
 Frank Feeley 
 William H. Flatt 
 Ernest J. Harner 
 Michael J. Hartford 
 James C. Hennessey 
 William J. Hocking 
 Peter V, Farley 
 
 John Thomas 
 Stephen Huested 
 Anthony Kepler 
 Michael Kedzuf 
 William W. Lewis 
 Vincent Manning 
 George E. McKenna 
 Alward W. Meeker 
 Henry F. Meeker 
 N. Leslie Mulligan 
 Richard S. Parke 
 LeRoy Quail 
 John J. Reiley 
 Frank E. Reynolds 
 Edgar B. Rogers 
 Herbert Smith 
 Henry Stark 
 George T. Swackhammer 
 Anthony Sylvester 
 
127 
 
 The following is one copy of many letters received from families 
 of the soldiers, who gave their lives for their country, showing their 
 appreciation of the Soldiers' Monument, built in memory of the World 
 War. 
 
 June 7th, 1922. 
 Mr. P. C. Buck, 
 
 Dover, New Jersey. 
 My dear Mr. Buck : 
 
 Enclosed is a check to be added to the monument fund. 
 Those of my family who have had opportunity to see the 
 monument consider it not only an appropriate memorial, but 
 also a lasting work of rugged beauty. The appreciation of 
 the whole community is due you for bringing about the erection 
 of it. 
 
 To some of us that monument is more than just an orna- 
 ment of public interest and your efforts go beyond those of a 
 public-spirited citizen. 
 
 Cordially yours, 
 
 It was estimated that there were about six thousand people attend- 
 ing the dedication exercises. It was a beautiful day, but quite warm, and 
 was a day long to be rememberd by everybody. 
 
 During the Winter, the Mayor and Council appropriated $10,000 
 for permanent improvements in Hurd Park and we hope in a few years 
 to complete the park, which will be a big asset to our town, and we hope 
 in the future that others will do like Mr. Hurd, leave the town a little 
 something to remember them by and to beautify and make Dover a 
 better place to live in. 
 
 P. C. Buck. 
 
 DOVER POST OFFICE FACTS 
 Note: — In Munsell's History of Morris County (1882) we find 
 that Col. Joseph Jackson was appointed by George Washington as the 
 first postmaster at Rockaway in 1791. Dover people made that their 
 post office until Jacob Losey was made postmaster here, which may have 
 been in 1820 or earlier; probably earlier. Other postmasters of Dover 
 following Jacob Losey were David Sand ford, Sydney Breese, John Mar- 
 shall Losey (until 1857), Maria B. Losey (until 1863), Ephraim 
 Lindsley, Wilmot Thompson, Alpheus Beemer, Guido M. Hinchman 
 (1882). Thus we have the "apostolic succession" of postmasters (1791- 
 1922). 
 
 The names of John Marshall Losey and his widow, Maria B. 
 Losey, have been interpolated from information given in a letter of 
 their daughter, Mrs. Livermore. Editor. 
 
 Mrs. Charlotte S. Hurd "Has contributed the following data : 
 Names and Appointments of Postmasters from 1888 to 1922 : 
 
128 
 
 James S. Melick 1888 C. H. Bennett 1908 
 
 Capt. D. S. Allen 1892 F. F. Hummel 1916 
 
 Wm. Pollard 1894 J. W. Hummer, Acting 1918 
 
 Geo. McCracken 1896 C. S. Hurd, Acting 1919 
 
 G. C. Hinchman 1901 C. S. Hurd. appointed 1920 
 
 (present incumbent) 
 Dover was a third class office until July first, 1901, when the 
 receipts of the office warranted the establishment of city delivery service, 
 employing four city carriers. 
 
 In 1914, parcel post matter not exceeding twenty pounds in weight 
 was accepted for mailing, with provision made for insurance of valuable 
 parcels, and a C. O. D, system was also installed. The growth of the 
 business was so rapid that the weight of parcels was shortly increased 
 to fifty pounds and since then to seventy pounds. 
 
 The business of the Dover office has outgrown three buildings since 
 the present incumbent has been engaged in postoffice work. Part of 
 the building now occupied by the National Union Bank was used for 
 postoffice quarters for a number of years until the office was classified as 
 a second-class office and the establishment of city delivery in 1901, when 
 the space was found inadequate and new quarters were sought in the 
 building now occupied by A. M. Ryan as a shoe store and W. O. Brown, 
 wholesale music dealer, a short distance east of the First Methodist 
 Church. This building was occupied from 1900 to 1910, when a new 
 office was built at 5 Warren street by W. H. Baker, giving much more 
 room and better working facilities. At the expiration of ten years these 
 quarters were found too small for the business transacted and we were 
 again forced to seek new quarters, since the office had advanced to a 
 first-class office. 
 
 The W. H. Baker Estate built the present postoffice building a 
 short distance south of the 1900-1910 building, and equipped it with 
 up-to-date equipment, providing for growth of business for ten years at 
 least. 
 
 We now have a force of eight clerks, eight city carriers, two rural 
 carriers, also special delivery and mail messenger. Parcel post matter 
 is delivered daily by automobile, whereas in 19 14 to 19 15 it was deliv- 
 ered by carrier on foot. Then a horse and wagon delivery was made, 
 semi-weekly, until 1920, when a motorcycle with side car was installed 
 for delivery of parcel post, and in February, 1922, the postoffice depart- 
 ment furnished a Ford truck to be used daily in delivery of parcels, 
 since the business at the local office had outgrown former methods of 
 delivery. 
 
129 
 
 THE DOVER FREE PUBLIC LIBRARY 
 
 In 1839 there was a lyceum or literary society in Dover. Jacob 
 Lundy Brotherton read a poem at one of its meetings, ending with 
 these lines : 
 
 Dover ! gem amid the hills, 
 
 Smiling with morn's benignant face, 
 
 Thine industry shall weave a crown 
 
 That thou shalt wear with regnant grace. 
 
 Possibly this society may have gathered together a few books in the 
 interests of literary culture. But we do know that the Sc«is of Temper- 
 ance, another society that was formed about this time, had a small col- 
 lection of good books for circulation among the people and this was 
 known as "The S. of T. Library." Among these books was a set of 
 Prescott's histories. When the S. of T. could no longer provide housing 
 for these books, William Young gave them a place in his bakery on 
 Dickerson street and acted as librarian. 
 
 In October of 1901 the Octagon Club of Dover decided to form a 
 public library. This was a Club of ladies who met for reading, to 
 "improve their minds." The club consisted of Mrs. Louise M. Whipple, 
 Miss Sue H. Crittenden, Dr. Elizabeth W. Griscom, Mrs. E. D. Neigh- 
 bour, Mrs. Potts and Mrs. Robert Killgore, Mrs. A. T. Van Gelder and 
 Miss Marion D. Beach. 
 
 In December they asked for the use of the study of the old Pres- 
 byterian Church, opposite the present Memorial Church. This was 
 granted and Rev. Dr. Halloway also loaned them his bookcases that 
 remained in the old study. The ladies secured a traveling library from 
 Trenton and took turns being librarian. They had no library funds, 
 except as they secured private subscriptions. Miss Harriet A. Breese 
 was finally appointed the first regular librarian and continued so until 
 she went to California for her health and the town took over the li1)rary 
 in 1904. 
 
 This brief historic note may serve to introduce the latest report of 
 the Dover Free Public Library, given herewith in the "Dover Dates" 
 column, as a significant and worthy feature of the history of this com- 
 munity, functioning in this bicentennial year and having possibilities of 
 increasing usefulness in the future. 
 
 Library Stafif — Miss Martha A. Burnet, librarian; Miss Nina 
 Woodhull, first assistant; Miss Mildred Powers, second assistant. 
 
 Library Trustees for 1922 — Mr. D. B. O'Brien, president; His 
 Honor, W. H. Hosking, Mayor of Dover; Roswell S. Bowlby, super- 
 intendent of schools ; Mr. Charles D. Piatt, Mr. Louis Harris and two 
 of the founders of the library, Mrs. Robert Killgore and Mrs. E. D. 
 Neighbour. 
 
I30 
 
 LIBRARIAN'S REPORT FOR 1921 
 
 The Seventeenth Annual Report of the Free Public Library, and 
 the tenth report under the administration of your present librarian, is 
 herewith respectfully submitted. 
 
 The Library has been open 301 days, being closed on Sundays and 
 holidays. Number of books issued for home use 41,710, an increase of 
 7,013 over 1920 and the largest circulation on the records of the Library. 
 Number of books added 763; by purchase 710, gifts 53. These books 
 had been accumulating for some time and many were worn past repair 
 or even rebinding. One hundred seventy of the best were sent to the 
 Summer Camp of the Rahway Reformatory. Five hundred sixty new 
 borrowers were added during the year, making a total registration of 
 8,875 since the opening of the Library. 
 
 No effort has ever been made to keep a record of the number of 
 persons using the library for reading and reference, but from a conserva- 
 tive estimate we find that the use of the magazines and reference books 
 has increased in a marked degree, a large percentage of these readers 
 being men and boys. 
 
 The new schedule of hours has been in operation for the past year 
 and wider use of the library has shown the desirability of the lengthened 
 hours of service. The additional space which was added to the Library 
 last spring has been of great advantage. Not only is the office more con- 
 venient, but the main room provides more space for the Girls' and Boys' 
 Section, but even with this addition we are greatly over-crowded. 
 
 The two book stacks made by the pupils of the Manual Training 
 Department of the High School have been in constant use and add greatly 
 to the attractiveness of the Library. The report of the work with the 
 schools is almost a repetition of that of last year, except that it shows an 
 added growth in all lines. 
 
 The classes of instruction in the "Use of Books and Libraries" were 
 held from October to April and on June 21st, no certificates were 
 presented by the Library to the graduates of the Grammar School. 
 Libraries have been placed in five more class rooms and at the beginning 
 of the school year a library of seventy-five books was sent to the High 
 School. The total number of books for school use, purchased from the 
 "Special School Library Fund," is now 1,265. Statistics submitted by 
 the schools show a circulation of 4,724, which represents many hours of 
 reading, both for pleasure and profit. In addition to the "Class Room 
 Libraries," 150 of our own books were set aside for High School 
 reading, and, as usual, a large part of the reference work was in connec- 
 tion with the schools. Pupils were sent to the Library each day for 
 information on various subjects, as well as for debate and theme 
 material. 
 
 In view of the growth of the reference work the Library stands in 
 great need of a recent edition of the International Encyclopedia to replace 
 the out-of-date set now in use, and the Encyclopedia Britannica for adult 
 use. 
 
13^^ 
 
 The librarian has spoken at three meetings of the Home and School 
 Association and told stories to the children in several class rooms. 
 
 During "Good Book Week," a special collection of books was bor- 
 rowed from Trenton and displayed in one of the show windows of the 
 New Jersey Power and Light Company, and a talk on good reading was 
 given to the older pupils of the North Side School. In April an exhibit 
 of books on gardening was shown in the window of Berry's Hardware 
 Store, with the result that, during the Spring, garden books were in. 
 great demand. 
 
 As the year 1921 was the six hundredth anniversary of the death 
 of Dante, an eiTort was made to interest our readers by featuring the 
 Dante collection, together with a few attractive pictures borrowed from- 
 the Newark Library. 
 
 The Bulletin of our Dover Library has been continued and has 
 served as a medium to bring to the attention of our patrons books on 
 current topics as well as the new books. Book lists have also appeared 
 in the local papers. 
 
 One of the most forward steps in the interest of education in Morris. 
 County was the decision at the November election to establish a County 
 Library. A long and intensive campaign had been carried on by 
 municipal libraries to bring about this result. A County Library will 
 be of material aid to the Dover Library, as the out-of-town borrowers 
 will be transferred to the County Library and we will be on the exchange 
 Hst. 
 
 The Dover Library was represented at the meetings of the New 
 Jersey Library Association, held at Atlantic City and East Orange, 
 at a special meeting at the Morristown Library during "Good Book 
 Week," also at the annual meeting of the New Jersey Congress of 
 Mothers and Parent-Teacher Associations held at Trenton. 
 
 Gifts of books, pictures and periodicals have been received and are 
 greatly appreciated. The Library is also indebted to the local newspapers, 
 for printing book lists and library news. Through the courtesy of neigh- 
 boring libraries many of our patrons have been supplied with books on 
 special subjects. 
 
 The Library staff remains the same as last year and the creditable 
 work accomplished is demonstrated in this report. 
 
 The librarian attended a weekly course in Library Administration 
 at the New York Library School for three months and gained many new 
 ideas which have been successfully carried out during the past year. 
 
 The librarian would acknowledge her indebtedness to the members, 
 of the Board of Trustees for their consideration and assistance, and 
 would again emphasize the fact that no library can take its proper place 
 in the life of a community, when, as for the last ten years, the work is 
 carried on in inadequate rooms. The year 1922 should see steps taken 
 to procure a permanent building and a branch library established in the 
 northern section of the town. 
 
 The Library met with a great loss during the past year in the death 
 of Mr. Isaac W. Searing. The following memorial has been adopted by 
 the Board of Trustees. 
 
132 
 
 MR. ISAAC WEBB SEARING AND THE DOVER LIBRARY 
 
 Mr. Isaac W. Searing was president of the Board of Trustees of 
 the Dover Free PubHc Library in 1904 and 1905, and from 1907 to 
 19 1 7. The Library was first started as a private enterprise and was 
 taken over by the town under Mr. Searing's administration as Tvlayor. 
 in 1904. After he ceased to be Mayor he continued to be president of 
 the Library for many years, and was deeply interested in its success and 
 growth, doing all in his power to devise ways and means for the main- 
 tenance of the work from year to year, and studying its needs for the 
 future. Under his administration the Library grew from one thousand 
 to eight thousand volumes, the number of persons who resorted to it 
 increased greatly, and the public came to realize more fully its usefulness 
 to the community. 
 
 Mr. Searing presided over the monthly meetings of the Trustees 
 with kindly dignity and genuine interest. His business acumen was of 
 great service and he took delight in discussing Library affairs with his 
 associates. 
 
 He was, himself, a library of information on local matters and his 
 reminiscences have been incorporated in Dover History. By these his- 
 torical recollections anc^ by his long term of service as president of the 
 Library he made a unique contribution to the social and cultural interests 
 of his home town. 
 
133 
 
 WHAT DOVER WANTS FOR CHRISTMAS 
 1920-21 
 
 Dear Santy Clans, I pen these lines 
 To tell you what I want next year 
 
 When Christmas comes; I have designs 
 Upon your purse, my Santy dear! 
 
 So save your dollars, don't spend all 
 On poorhouse. on police and jail 
 
 And various things I can't recall — 
 Strike out upon a different trail! 
 
 I want a Christmas gift that makes 
 No paupers; but makes many rich; 
 
 That gladdens many a home and breaks 
 No hearts — leaves no one in the ditch. 
 
 I want a building fitly framed 
 To be the home of noble minds, 
 
 A house where Wisdom is proclaimed, 
 Where Truth a cordial welcome finds. 
 
 I want a temple v/here the shrine 
 Of Freedom finds a fit abode; 
 
 Where Muses may the heart refine 
 And guide us on life's rugged road. 
 
 In short, I want a quiet nook 
 
 Where folks may turn aside and find 
 
 The solace of a friendly book 
 
 To cheer the heart, inform the mind. 
 
 A place that I can call my own, 
 A Dover Public Free Library, 
 
 No rented quarters, soon outgrown — 
 A home more spacious, cozy, airy. 
 
 So. Santy, if a hint you need. 
 
 You have it here; you know my heart: 
 Now jingle, bells! and, reindeer, speed 
 To Fairyland and do your part! 
 
134 
 
 EDUCATIONAL 
 DOVER SCHOOLS IN EARLY DAYS 
 
 In the Centennial Collections of Morris County, published in 1876, 
 there is an extended History of Morris County Schools, by L. W. 
 Thurber, School Superintendent of Morris County. In this thorough 
 ■and painstaking history the endeavor is made to trace out the earliest 
 beginnings of education by townships. Incidentally much history of 
 New Jersey is woven in with the story of the schools. This work of 
 Superintendent Thurber's is well worthy of being republished as a 
 valuable monograph on the history of education, preliminary to any 
 account of education in Morris County after 1876. By this report Mr. 
 Thurber takes high rank among the historians of Morris County. 
 
 Superintendent Thurber had previously been the Principal of the 
 
 Dover schools and is still remembered by some of his old pupils, who 
 
 ■credit him with high ideals of school efficiency and with the ability to 
 
 'Carry such ideals into practical execution. After his retirement from 
 
 ^active work Mr. Thurber resided for some years on Morris street, 
 
 Dover. Later he went to Connecticut and now lives in Morris- 
 
 ^town. Mr. Thurber's intellectual thoroughness and quality of 
 
 mind is clearly shown in the history above referred to. I once 
 
 tried to get him to write out his reminiscences of Dover for me, 
 
 but could not persuade him to do so. 
 
 Under the head of "Randolph" Mr. Thurber pays a fine tribute to 
 the school maintained by the Society of Friends from 1758, if not earlier. 
 
 "In its day it rendered a noble service to the cause of education ; for 
 in it some of our worthiest townsmen began and completed their educa- 
 tion; and here, too, were carefully inculcated good morals and brotherly 
 love — the fruit of which instruction was seen in the humanity and 
 philanthropy of such men as the late excellent Richard Brotherton and 
 his kindred." 
 
 Before the public school system began there was a school at Dover, 
 dating back perhaps as far as 1776, taught in the rooms used later by 
 Mr. J. H. Neighbour as a law office. About 1796 permission was given 
 to build a school house near the foot of the "Road to Lamson's Farm" 
 (on the south side of the Lackawanna R. R., where Lehman's wholesale 
 ■storage building is, in 1922). No deed of this grant of land was 
 recorded. To quote Mr. Thurber: "A public school was maintained in 
 this building for forty years, when the stone 'Academy' was built for 
 the combined purposes of church and school and the old school house 
 was taken possession of by the owner of the land. The matter did not 
 ^end here, for the district was unwilling to give peaceable possession of 
 the old building, and refused to occupy the new. The controversy 
 l)ecame exciting, and the citizens were compelled to turn out with 
 muskets and clubs to save the house from destruction. School was 
 continued in the old house, which was repaired, and in 1843 was 
 enlarged and remodeled and used until 1871, when the present building 
 
135 
 
 (Northside) was erected. This contains six good rooms, and will 
 accommodate 400 pupils, and there are now six teachers and one prin- 
 cipal employed (1876). The building and grounds cost $15,000. Five 
 teachers receive $450 each, per annum, the vice-principal $700, and the 
 principal $1,200, making an annual expense of $4,150 for teachers' 
 salaries. 
 
 The price of tuition before free schools were established varied 
 from $2 to $3 per quarter — all pupils paying the same. Until the erec- 
 tion of the new school house the seats were defective and too few ; first, 
 slabs on pegs, and without backs, extending around the room. These 
 were removed and seats put in, each accommodating four pupils. The 
 mode of instruction has also gradually improved and we find that its 
 influence is seen in the advanced studies embraced in the course, for 
 instead of the Three R's comprehending the studies of the school, the 
 pupils are carried through U. S. History, General History, Hygiene, 
 Natural History, Natural Philosophy, Algebra, Geometry, Surveying, 
 Latin, Drawing, Music and Bookkeeping, with some other branches. *** 
 
 Other notes on the Dover schools are to be found in "Dover His- 
 tory." 
 
 REMINISCENCES OF DOVER SCHOOLS 
 
 A narration of events and of my personal experiences in educational 
 work, as vice-principal, and later as principal of schools, including par- 
 ticipation in the musical activities of Dover, while a resident, and later 
 as a regular visitor, begins with a date indelibly fixed in my memory, 
 that of May 26th, 1876. As yet a mere boy attending for the last year a 
 country school, I presented myself at the old North Side Schoolhouse for 
 examination for a teacher's certificate. My task completed, late in the 
 afternoon found me walking back and forth up Blackwell street from 
 Warren street to the Presbyterian Church, which was then a town block 
 of surpassing beauty, large maple trees completely arching the street. 
 Dr. Crittenden's residence on the left, including one or two other fine 
 residences, and McFarlan Park on the right. While waiting for a long 
 over-due train East on the Boonton Branch, the last broad guage train 
 to run, there being at that time a third rail, I solaced myself with that 
 walk and its charming vista until late in the evening. 
 
 Three years of preparatory work as teacher then found me. through 
 the good offiecs of Mr. L. W. Thurber, county superintendent of schools, 
 engaged in teaching in Dover. Mr. Thurber, in addition to his county 
 work, for a nominal retainer was employed by the Board of Education 
 to give, as he termed it, a rainy-day supervision over the city school. 
 Progressive in his tendencies, Mr. Thurber was what might be called 
 a patron of the arts as well, and at his suggestion, weekly instruction 
 in all the grades was added to the daily musical work in my own class. 
 
 A few years prior to this, Mr. Thurber was himself the efificient 
 principal of the Dover school, and the excellent results that he obtained 
 
136 . -^ 
 
 attracted the attention of Mr. J. R. Runyon. of Morristown. then super- 
 intendent of Morris County schools, and later postmaster of Morristown. 
 Mr. Thurber was a disciplinarian of the first rank, and though always 
 holding to the truism that "Order is Heaven's first law," nevertheless, 
 through his original methods, he made the work of his school so attractive 
 to teachers and pupils alike, that Mr. Runyon desired that he should 
 become his successor as Superintendent of Schools. Thus it can be easily 
 understood why the Dover Board of Education wished Mr. Thurber to 
 have a guiding hand in the school management during the time of which 
 I am writing. 
 
 A period of weak discipline, and rather high-handed maneuvers on 
 the part of pupils, subsequent to Mr. Thurber's occupancy of the prin- 
 cipal's chair, caused Mr. Wm. H. Lambert, familiarly known as "Boss 
 Lambert," President of the Board, to appeal to Mr. Thurber to assist 
 in finding a suital:)le principal. This Mr. Thurber succeeded in doing 
 in the person of Mr. John E. D. Naughright, whom he discovered teach- 
 ing at Parsippany, N.J. Mr. Naughright was physically a stalwart, mild 
 in manner, but firm and determined in his method of management, and 
 one day's bout with a few refractory leaders among the boys convinced 
 the attending pupils that it was he and not they who was going to run 
 the school. It was an interesting sight to see the boys at the close of 
 school sessions, passing all the way from the upper floor to the street 
 with arms folded behind them, keeping step with the music of the piano 
 until the lower floor was reached, where the drum (which I often beat 
 myself, having charge at that time of the lower floor) gave them the 
 time for marching until they reached the sidewalk. The boys enjovcd it 
 more than being permitted to run, helter-skelter, through the halls, yell- 
 ing and pushing one another, as is sometimes the case, even in schools 
 of the present day. I succeeded Mr. Naughright as principal in the 
 spring of 1883, returning to Boston in the fall to continue my musical 
 studies in the New England Conservatory, from which I graduated in 
 1886. 
 
 During the winters of '79, '80, and '81, I was an active participant 
 in the work of the various church choirs, which included those of the 
 Presbyterian, First Methodist, and Episcopal Churches. It was in the 
 Episcopal choir where I first learned the Episcopal service and found it 
 a valualile asset, when shortly afterward I was initiated into the choir 
 loft of Dr. Phillip Brook's church in Boston. 
 
 I recall with pleasure a men's chorus in Dover that was drilled 
 under the baton of one Reuben Rowe, and at a concert given by the 
 club during the winter of '79 and '80, in the old Whitlock Hall, I accom- 
 panied at the organ a baritone solo rendered by Mr. Emil Rossi, a civil 
 engineer by profession, and son of Dr. Rossi, organist of the Catholic 
 church at Port Oram, now Wharton, who was a practicing physician in 
 Dover and vicinity at the time. The Rossis were doubtless the most 
 capable musicians at that time in Dover, and many a time they attracted 
 eager listeners beneath the windows of their residence on Sussex street,, 
 while they discoursed music of the classic order. 
 
137 
 
 Dover, in those days, was not without its band, and at times. I was 
 an interested hstetier at rehearsals where Mr. Frank Kenstler showed 
 that he could justly claim, in addition to his tonsorial artistry, skill in that 
 other art of playing the brass wind instruments and telling the various 
 band members vehemently where to get on and oil in their attempts to 
 master their parts. The l^aritone horn v>^as a favorite with Mr. Kenstler, 
 and I recall a concert given in the old Presbyterian Church at which he 
 rendered several solos to my accompaniment at the piano. Other partici- 
 pants at this concert were Miss Abbie Condict, a lady much admired, 
 both for her personal charm and her ability as a reader, and Miss Bertha 
 Gage, later Mrs. Dr. Flagge. 
 
 Miss Gage was accomplished both in vocal and instrumental music, 
 and the Dover schools, for many years, profited through the exercise of 
 her talents. 
 
 Dover, in those days, was visited periodically by some eminent musi- 
 cians who taught and gave musicales. Among them was a Prof. Watson, 
 an accomplished violinist, a long time friend. I believe, of Mr. Horace 
 Dunham, a well-known Doverite and a connoisseur in that line. 
 
 I also met a visitor at that time, Mr. A. N. Johnson, the author of 
 a well known text-book on harmony. 
 
 The occurrences of those years and the succeeding decades give evi- 
 dence that Dover has kept pace with other communities, and to-day finds 
 the citizens with an adequate equipment of church organs, auditoriums, 
 and musical talent capable of worthily using these facilities. 
 
 Three-part and four-part singing was a common occurrence in the 
 Dover school during those eventful years, and while there are doubtless 
 many residing in Dover at the present time who could testify to the 
 accuracy of that which is herein recorded, I recall the names of two 
 well-known citizens, whom Dover still delights to honor. Alderman Etta 
 C. Searing, and Mr. William Otto, cashier of the National Union Bank, 
 both of whom laid the foundation of their future usefulness, as did 
 many others, in those "unforgotten days." 
 
 Edward M. Young. 
 
 THIRTY YEARS' GROWTH AND PROGRESS OF THE 
 
 DOVER SCHOOLS 
 
 1892 — 1922 
 
 In September, 1891, I began my administration as Supervising 
 Principal of the Dover Schools. During the preceding four years there 
 had been three dififerent principals and the schools were in a rather 
 chaotic condition. The Board of Education at that time was composed 
 of five members: Capt. Sedgewick R. Bennett. President; Rev. Fred 
 Bloom, District Clerk ; and Messrs. Isaac W. Searing, Martin V. B. 
 Searing and Russell S. Penniman. 
 
 At the annual election the following spring there were three vacan- 
 cies to fill, caused by the expiration of the terms of Mr. Isaac Searing 
 and Mr. Penniman and by the resignation of Mr. Bloom. These three 
 vacancies were filled by the election of Messrs. Fred H. Beach, Edwin 
 
138 
 
 J. Ross and Henry W. Crabbe. The Board then organized with Mr. 
 Beach as President and Mr. Crabbe as District Clerk. This organization 
 remained until the Township Law went into effect and the Board was 
 increased to nine members. The Board has continuously consisted of 
 nine members since that time with the exception of two years, during 
 which Dover was under city government, when four members, one 
 elected from each ward, constituted the City Board of Education. 
 
 When I took charge of the schools there were fourteen teachers — 
 ten in the old North Side Building, two on the first floor of Odd Fel- 
 lows Hall and two in a private house on Pequannock street. The 
 South Side School was then under construction. It was occupied the 
 following spring — April, 1892 — with Mr. Albert J. Titman as principal 
 teacher. The annexes were then abandoned, two additional teachers 
 engaged and six rooms opened in the new school. This enlarged faculty 
 of sixteen teachers in 1892 appears surprisingly small when compared 
 with the present corps of 65 day school teachers in the Dover schools. 
 
 When the schools re-opened in September, 1893, all eight rooms of 
 the South Side School were occupied, and two years later rented annexes 
 were again resorted to. The number of teachers in annexes grew until 
 before the opening of the East Side School in 1901 there were eight 
 teachers with their classes thus housed — six in the old Iron Era building 
 at the foot of Morris street and two in what had been a blacksmith shop 
 on Pequannock street. The more recent school constructions in Dover 
 have been the erection of the new North Side Building in 1908, with 
 more than double the capacity of the old North Side Building, and the 
 new High School in 1918. 
 
 During the school year ending in June, 1892, the statistics of enroll- 
 ment and attendance were as follows : 
 
 Total Enrollment 945 
 
 Average Attendance 595 
 
 Percentage of Attendance 89.8 
 
 Pupils Present Every Day 23 
 
 Tardy Marks 820 
 
 In 1901 the following growth and improvement may be noted: 
 
 Total Enrollment 1,311 
 
 Average Attendance 997 
 
 Percentage of Attendance 93.7 
 
 Pupils Present Every Day 116 
 
 Tardy Marks 400 
 
 For the year 1921-22 the statistics are as follows: 
 
 Total Enrollment 2,283 
 
 Average Attendance 1,906 
 
 Percentage of Attendance 93-3* 
 
 Pupils Present Every Day 167 
 
 Tardy Marks 908 
 
139 
 
 * The former method of estimating percentage of attendance would 
 make this percentage considerably higher. 
 
 When I took charge of the Dover schools there were a number of 
 studies being carried on of a more advanced character than those belong- 
 ing to elementary grades. These, with some additional subjects, were 
 promptly arranged into a two-year English high school course. This 
 course was approved by Dr. J. M. Green, Principal of the Trenton State 
 Normal School, which allowed the graduates to enter that institution 
 without further examination. 
 
 Two years later — 1893 — an optional three-year high school course 
 was arranged, which included all of the shorter course with the addition 
 of three years of Latin. The first class to complete this advanced course 
 was graduated in June, 1896. At the time of its graduation this class 
 was composed of six girls, who were graduated with eleven others who 
 had completed the shorter or two-year course. 
 
 The six young women who were the first graduates from the three- 
 year course were Bessie Coe, America Davis, Augusta Howell, Bertha 
 Richards, Grace Richards and Jennie Sayre. They were not only excel- 
 lent students, as their choice of the advanced course would indicate, but 
 they were all both present and early every day during their entire Senior 
 Year. This is the only class that I have ever known to be absolutely 
 perfect in attendance as a class during an entire year. 
 
 In 1898 the high school courses were rearranged and enlarged. The 
 optional two-year and three-year courses were extended to those of 
 three years and four years. The first class taking the four-year course 
 was graduated in June, 1901, together with fourteen students of the 
 shorter or three-year course. At the time of its graduation this first 
 four-year high school class was composed of six students, as follows: 
 Robert C. Baker, Belle Champion, C. Raymond Hulsart, Raymond C. 
 Matthews, Marion Richards and Luella B. Sands. The three-year course 
 was later abandoned and for graduation from the Dover High School the 
 completion of a full four-year high school course was required of all 
 students. 
 
 Manual Training, Domestic Science, Physical Training and Modern 
 Health Instruction have been more recent additions to curricula of the 
 Dover schools. In comparison with the various curricula now offered 
 to its students by the Dover High School our modest two-year course of 
 thirty years ago appears meager indeed. 
 
 The foregoing sets forth briefly the growth and development of the 
 Dover schools during the past thirty years. What may we expect in the 
 line of educational development during the thirty years to come? 
 
 J. Howard Hulsart. 
 Superintendent of Schools in Morris County. 
 
140 
 
 DOVER SCHOOLS IN 19.22 
 Roswell S. Bovv'lby 
 
 The schools are directed by a Board of Education of nine members 
 elected by the people, and administered by a staff consisting of a super- 
 intendent, four principals, and sixty-one teachers. There are four 
 schools, McFarlan street, with an enrollment of 798; Academy street, 
 373 ; Belmont avenue. 478 ; and Myrtle avenue. 634 ; making a total 
 enrollment of 2.2S3 pupils. Work as far as the Fifth and Sixth Grades 
 is carried on in the Academy street and Belmont avenue schools respect- 
 ively. All Seventh Grade work is done on the departmental plan in the 
 McFarlan street school. The Eighth Grade, also on the departmental 
 plan, and all High School classes are housed in the Myrtle avenue build- 
 ing. This is knov/n as the High School building and is a fine structure 
 of which Dover may justly be proud. It is fireproof and modern, being 
 splendidly adapted to meet the needs of the communit}^ as vv^ell as of the 
 High School. It contains chemistry and physics laboratories, manual 
 training shops, cooking and sewing rooms, a large gymnasium and an 
 attractive auditorium. Many concerts and civic meetings are held here. 
 
 Dover is one of the very few towns in the State which have half- 
 yearly promotions. This form of organization v/as introduced years ago 
 by Dr. J. Howard Hulsart. Pupils who fail in the work of any particu- 
 lar grade are required to repeat the work of one-half year instead of one 
 full year. It is possil:)le for the bright pupils to skip a half-year's work, 
 when they might find it extremely difficult to skip a full year's work. 
 
 Two forms of classroom procedure much stressed by educators in 
 recent years are the socialized recitation and the project method. These 
 were introduced by former superintendent W. V. Singer. They are 
 widely used in our schools to-day. 
 
 Nearly all of the elementary teachers are graduates of an approved 
 Normal School and many of the high school teachers hold college degrees. 
 The work of the High School is approved by the State Department and 
 its graduates are able to enter most colleges without entrance examina- 
 tions. Both boys and girls have entered some of the colleges of highest 
 standing, where, with few exceptions, they have done very creditable 
 work. Many have reached high places in business and professions. 
 
 The High School has made an excellent record in almost every 
 kind of activity that is found in a modern school. In debating it has 
 won several championships. In athletics, its best records were made in 
 football and baseball. It has numbered among its defeated opponents 
 some of the largest high schools in the State. Many excellent plays and 
 operettas have been presented and several ])rizes have been won in 
 literary competition. 
 
 Besides the day school, there are two other types of schools — eve- 
 ning and continuation. The former runs during the winter and its chief 
 feature is the work of teaching English to foreigners. The continua- 
 tion school was established two years ago for all boys and girls between 
 the ages of 14 and 16 who have regular employment. They are required 
 to attend school six hours each week. The enrollment is about 100. 
 
141 
 
 Under Dr. Emma C. Clark, the medical inspection of the schools 
 has become very efficient. A full-time nurse is employed. Miss Lucy 
 D. Coe, the attendance officer, maintains a high standard of attendance, 
 the percentage this year being 93.35. The emphasis by Dr. Hulsart upon 
 punctuality and attendance created a community attitude v/hich still 
 persists. 
 
 One of the outstanding features of present-day school interest is 
 the Home and School Association movement. Several years ago, under 
 Mr. Singer's regime, an association was organized in each school. These 
 have grown in size and importance and have proved to be very helpful. 
 The forms of service which these associations are rendering are num- 
 erous. Clothing, shoes, and surgical operations for some of the unfor- 
 tunate ones have been provided. Playground equipment, Christmas 
 parties, and hot cocoa at lunch time are some of the things which are 
 making the modern school pleasanter and more healthful. But perhaps 
 the greatest benefits come from the closer relations between teachers 
 and parents. Visits to the schools are more frequent and parents and 
 teachers are helped to appreciate each other's problems and difficulties. 
 This tends to produce sympathetic co-operation and results in more 
 effective school v^-ork. 
 
 Members — Board of Education — 
 
 Emil G. Kattermann, President 
 
 William Otto, Vice-President 
 
 Coleridge H. Benedict, Secretary 
 
 William L. R. Lynd 
 
 Arthur W. Condict 
 
 Plenry Heiman 
 
 Estelle E. Totten 
 
 Lena Dott Allen 
 
 John D. B. Vreeland 
 Superintendent of Schools — 
 
 Roswell S. Bowlby 
 Officers — Home and School Associations — 
 
 Academy Street School — 
 
 Mrs. Chas. E. Powers, President 
 j\Irs. W'illiam Herridge, Vice-President 
 Mrs. Harry Mulroy, Vice-President 
 Mrs. Eskel Danielson, Vice-President 
 Mrs. Benj. Cleve, Vice-President 
 Mrs. John Byram, Secretary 
 Mrs. Arthur Longcor, Treasurer 
 Belmont Avenue School — 
 
 Mrs. W. A. Sellers, President 
 Mrs. R. Bruland, Vice-President 
 Mrs. Chas. ALacEall, Vice-President 
 Mrs. Wilson Davis, Vice-President 
 
142 
 
 Mrs. Henry Wills, Vice-President 
 
 Mrs. Edward Jensen, Secretary 
 
 Mrs. Edward Northey, Treasurer 
 Central — 
 
 Mr. Harry Armitage, President 
 
 Mrs. Max Heller, Vice-President 
 
 Mrs. Lawrence K. Diffenderfer, Vice-President 
 
 Mrs. James T. Lowe, Vice-President 
 
 Miss Minerva Freeman, Vice-President 
 
 Mrs. R. F. Woodhull, Secretary 
 
 Mr. Seth H. Ely, Treasurer 
 McFarlan Street — 
 
 Mrs. Richard Washburn, President 
 
 Mrs. Edw. Ackerman, Hon. President 
 
 Mrs. Clarence Hance, Vice-President 
 
 Mrs. Clarence Petty, Vice-President 
 
 Mrs. R. Liftman, Vice-President 
 
 Mrs. Allen J. Hahn, Vice-President 
 
 Mrs. C. H. Williston, Vice-President 
 
 Mrs. J. H. Tillyer, Vice-President 
 
 Mrs. John Cook, Jr., Vice-President 
 
 Mrs. Walter E. Howe, Secretary 
 
 Mrs. John Drake, Treasurer 
 
 PRESIDENTS OF THE DOVER BOARD OF EDUCATION 
 
 1909 — 1922 
 J. Willard Farrow, M.D., 1909-1915 
 Coleridge H. Benedict, 1915-1917 
 
 Arthur W. Condict, M.D., 1917-1921 
 Emil G. Kattermann, 1921- 
 
 DOVER HIGH 
 
 Air : Sweet Genevieve 
 O Dover High, dear Dover High ! 
 We come to thee from far and nigh ; 
 Mt. Freedom, Wharton, Mine Hill vie 
 To fill thy halls, dear Dover High ! 
 
 O Dover High, dear Dover High! 
 Thy lads and lassies charm the eye ; 
 But when their genius burns — O my ! 
 The sun's eclipsed by Dover High! 
 
 O Dover High, dear Dover High ! 
 We love thee as the years go by. 
 And when we come to say goodbye ! 
 We love thee more, dear Dover High ! 
 
143 
 
 ELKS' PRIZE ESSAYS 
 DOVER STUDENTS TELL WHAT FLAG MEANS TO THEM 
 
 To stimulate patriotism and encourage greater interest in Flag Day- 
 each year, Dover Lodge of Elks has awarded prizes to two D. H. S. 
 students in an essay contest open to all high schools, within the juris- 
 diction of the local lodge, including schools at Newton, Hackettstown, 
 Wharton, Rockaway, Roxbury Township and Franklin. All of the 
 essays were gathered from the three counties participating, Warren, 
 Sussex and Morris, and carefully inspected by competent judges, result- 
 ing in Miss Ruth Meyer being awarded first prize of $15, and Stewart 
 Hunter second prize, $10. 
 
 Members of the Elks' Committee in charge of the essay contest 
 were W. V. Singer, J. J. Vreeland and Andrew M. Ryan. A final 
 report will be made at special Flag Day services in the lodge room. 
 
 WHAT THE FLAG MEANS TO ME 
 
 By Ruth Meyer, Dover High School, Class of 1922 
 
 "Have you ever stopped to consider what the American flag really 
 means? Most Americans regard it merely as their flag, to be saluted, 
 respected and loved. But the flag is more ; to me it enfolds volumes of 
 history, a depth of meaning. 
 
 "The American flag is symbolic of the greatest country on earth, 
 of the most democratic population existing and of the most sacred prin- 
 ciples of mankind. 
 
 "When first the American flag was unfurled, the birth of the nation 
 was proclaimed ; a new nation, a land of forests and fields, undeveloped, 
 unprogressed, in its infancy. Since then, at each step in its progress, at 
 each great development, the flag became more significant. At each war, 
 when the flag was floated, it proclaimed that the American people were 
 joined into one in every battle; it meant that this country was lined up 
 against its enemies, behind that flag, united powerful and determined. 
 
 "The flag has always meant a great deal to the people of America, 
 but to the coming generation its greatest meaning was revealed during 
 the World War. We lived while that great historic conflict was raging. 
 History was being made by us, by our generation. To me, at that time, 
 the American flag attained its greatest glory and its meaning was por- 
 trayed in its fullest sense. First, just before our entrance into the war, 
 when international law was being ignored, when our neutrality was 
 being disregarded, when our ships were threatened with destruction and 
 the threats were being carried out by an aggressive and militaristic 
 nation, our flag was being disrespected, and therefore our honor as a 
 nation. Would America tolerate such a condition? Indeed not, but in 
 defense of that flag and that honor, America's name was added to those 
 already lined up against autocracy. Immediately, every dollar, every 
 industry, every conceivable resource was set to work to be utilized in 
 
144 
 
 the great cause; every person gave willingly of his time, his money and 
 his energy. For it is agreed l)y everyone that either victory or defeat, 
 either restoration or destruction, either freedom or despotism, depended 
 upon whether or not America entered the war. 
 
 "While our money was rendering priceless aid to our comrades, our 
 army was being trained and all the machinery of war being prepared. 
 At the end of nearly a year, our boys were sent three thousand miles 
 across the ocean, to an unknown land, to horror, to suffering and to 
 death to defend that flag. That is what it meant to me and to every 
 American in the land. When our soldiers arrived and the American 
 flag was planted on French soil, signifying that American soldiers 
 were in the battlefield, it meant victory to us and our friends and 
 defeat to our enemies. Of course, this was not accomplished all 
 at once, but from the time the American flag and all that was there 
 to back it appeared on the scene, the tables were turned. 
 
 "With the aid and leadership of our well-equipped army, with their 
 unequalled perseverance and grit that all the world admired, yards were 
 gained, and miles, the enemy was forced back and victory was achieved. 
 The nations of the world looked up to our flag with prayerful thanks 
 for its great and human work. The flag, and all that it meant, was 
 proclaimed anew, more glorious, powerful, inspiring and everlasting 
 than ever before. For that flag, our gallant youth, the flowers of the 
 great garden of America, were given. For that flag, they left their 
 homes, their happiness and their loved ones and went to answer their 
 country's call, the call of the flag. And for that flag, they fought, 
 they suffered and they died. America will never forget the tribute paid 
 by this incalculable loss. It will ever remain a memory, and a glorious 
 one, in the hearts and minds of humanity. 
 
 "To-day, perhaps in the busy whirl of commerce, in the hustle and 
 rush of our daily tasks, we Americans do not think of the value of this 
 flag, but lest we forget, let us turn our eyes for a moment towards the 
 thousands and thousands of little iron crosses in the cemeteries of both 
 Flanders and America — mute testimony of the tribute paid for that flag. 
 This is the most sacred meaning of the American flag to me. 
 
 "The country behind that flag is to-day the greatest nation on this 
 earth — in riches, yes, but more important and by all means more worthy, 
 she is the moral leader of the world. That, in my mind, is America's 
 most commendable achievement and in that leadership lies the true basis 
 of her magnanimity and that of her emblem. 
 
 "All this is what the flag means to me, and in concluding, may that 
 flag, representative of our country, ever be loved and reverenced by 
 mankind, may it be a glorious monument of freedom, protection and 
 justice, in the eyes of all nations, all people, throughout all the ages." 
 
PART IV 
 
 Banks, Newspapers, P^eal Estate 
 Churches and Cemeteries 
 
I 147 
 
 THE NATIONAL UNION BANK, DOVERi, N. J. 
 By James B. Tonking 
 
 On the ninth day of March, 1871, George Richards made an 
 application to the U. S. Banking Department at Washington, D. C, to 
 open a National Bank at Dover, N. J. This was made through U. S. 
 Senator F. F. Frelinghuysen. After considerable correspondence, 
 which took up some time, the matter progressed to the point where, 
 on October 17. 1872, the necessary pa])ers were received from Wash- 
 ington to be executed for organization and, on November 21, 1872, 
 permission was received from the Comptroller to organize with a 
 capital of $150,000. 
 
 On December 19, 1872, the first meeting of the Stockholders was 
 held and the following Directors were elected. Columbus Beach,. 
 George Richards, I. B. Jollcy, Isaac W, Searing, Ephraim Lindsley,. 
 Jas. H. Neighbour, Hudson Hoagland, Albert R. Riggs, Alpheus Bee- 
 mer, Richard (Jeorge, John W. Jackson. The newly elected Directors, 
 then selected Columbus Beach as the first President of the National 
 Union Bank of Dover, N. J. On December 26, 1872, the Comptroller's; 
 approval of the organization was received. On December 27, 1872,. 
 Jay S. Treat of Newark, N. J., was elected as the first cashier. 
 
 The Bank I'uilding is located at 7 and 9 West Blackwell street,. 
 Dover, N. J., in the heart of the business section of the town of Dover 
 and is conveniently located to care for the interests of a large sur- 
 rounding territory, including the iron mines, arsenals, furnaces, mills, 
 and factories, not/ only of the home town, but of adjacent towns of 
 Wharton, Mt. Hope, Succasunna, Kenvil, Chester and other places 
 having large industrial plants, probably representing, all told, a popula- 
 tion of 30,000 people. On January 15, 1873, this building was secured 
 from the Segur Banking interests and possession was given February 
 IS, 1873. 
 
 While the bank was authorized to start with a capital of $150,000, 
 the same has been changed from time to time to meet the new condi- 
 tions which presented themselves. On June 28th, 1892, it was voted to 
 make the capital stock $125000, which has obtained up to the present 
 time. The present capital stock has behind it $250,000 surplus, besides 
 about $60,000 undivided profits. 
 
 Tlie growth of the bank has been steady and, on referring to 
 records, we find that, April 15th, 1878, the deposits were $97,599.20 
 and, on May 11, 1922, $4,041,004.13. 
 
 During the year 1907 it was found that facilities for carrying 
 on the business were inadequate, and plans were commenced for a 
 complete remodeling of the inside of the bank building. In the years 
 1908-9, the rooms on the third floor and officer on the second floor 
 were renewed and brou.ght up to modern practice ; the main banking 
 room was made up-to-date with laminated steel vault, circular door, 
 safe deposit boxes and outside cover of 15-inch concrete walls around 
 the entire vault. 
 
148 
 
 It can with confidence be stated that no better facihties for the 
 transaction of business can be afforded the people of this section of 
 our County and State, the bank being prepared at all time's to negoti- 
 ate the purchase or sale of marketable securities, such as Government, 
 Railroad or Municipal Bonds, to collect foreign or domestic bills, 
 ■drafts, or letters of credit, and to transact such business for the 
 accommodation of the public as any well managed institution of this 
 character can undertake. 
 
 It is a well recognized fact that this bank from its inception has 
 been conservatively managed ; in fact, some of its best friends claim 
 for it that it is ultra conservative and, for a Banking Institution, 
 this is one of the best things that can be said of it, as depositors and 
 all people doing business with a bank are interested in having it safe- 
 guarded and protected to the limit. Courtesy to its clients and careful 
 attention to every business transaction for them is the aim of the 
 'directors, officers and employees. 
 
 The selection of employees of this bank is largely made from 
 X)over High School graduates and our local business college. Only 
 those of good family and with best recommendation froiu teachers and 
 principal are considered. These young men are carefully trained in 
 the work and, with proper initiative on their part, should be fitted to 
 fill at a later date high official positions as bankers at home and abroad, 
 if called. 
 
 It is with pride that the bank refers to the list of splendid, sub- 
 stantial men who have served on this Board of Directors and whose 
 services continued up to the close of their lives, except a few who, for 
 business reasons, decided to sever their connection, owing to removal 
 from this vicinity and press of their private business : Columbus 
 Beach, George Richards, Isaac B. Jolley, Isaac W. Searing, Ephraim 
 Lindsley, James H. Neighbour, Hudson Hoagland, Albert R. Riggs, 
 Alpheus Becmer. Richard George, Henry ^.IcFarlan, Josiah Meeker, 
 James W. Brotherton, John W. Jackson. John H. Pierson, Wm. H. 
 Lambert, Thomas Anderson, Samuel Tippett, Fred H. Beach, Leopold 
 C. Bierwirth, Mahlon Hoagland, Jr., Cadwallader R. Mulligan, Rus- 
 :sell T. Penniman. Robert Killgore, Elbert H. Baldwin, Emil M. 
 Lowenthal, John H. Bonsall. 
 
 The men who so ably filled the position of President of this bank 
 .since its organization, whose valuable services are reflected in the 
 success of the institution are: Columbus Beach, George Richards, 
 LIudson Horigland, Cadwallader R. 3.1ulligan, Thomas H. Hoagland. 
 
 The men v/ho served the bank as Cashiers, so ably and efficiently 
 •giving the best that was in them, are Jay S. Treat. George D. Meeker, 
 Elbert H. BakUvin. Charles Applegate. William Otto. The men who 
 are guiding the destinies of the bank at the present time and who are 
 doing their best for depositors, stockholders and all interested parties 
 are as follow^s : 
 
 Directors — Peter C. Buck, Thomas H. Hoagland, DeWitt R. 
 flummcr, James B. Tonking, John Mulligan, F'aul Guenther, William 
 F. Birch, James N. Goodale. 
 
149 
 
 Officers — Thomas H. Hoagland, President; Peter C. Buck, Vice- 
 President; AVilliam Otto. Cashier; Sanford C. Gerard, Asst. Cashier. 
 
 In Conckision, it is proper to state that this bank, Hke all others, 
 stood by the U. S. Government in the World War, receiving subscrip- 
 tions for Liberty and Victory Loans, made deliveries to the proper 
 owners and acted as safekeepers for the owners of these bonds, all 
 without charge to the owners and subscribers or to the Government. 
 
 THE DOVER TRUST COMPANY 
 The Dover Trust Company commenced business January ist, 1902, 
 with a capital of $100,000, succeeding the People's National Bank, 
 which began business 1898 with a capital of $50,000. Mr. James H. 
 Simpson was its first President and was. succeeded by Mr. L W. 
 Searing. 
 
 Its present officers are Edward Kelly, President ; James L. Hurd, 
 Vice-President ; E. W. Rosevear, Secretary-Treasurer ; C. S. Clark, 
 Assistant Secretary-Treasurer. 
 
 The following is a list of its Directors : 
 
 John S. Dickerson E. J. Neighbour 
 
 'Max Heller Robt. F. Oram 
 
 lames L. Hurd .- t,,- -n „„.. 
 
 T- -1 r^ T^ j-^ i'- W. Rosevear 
 Emu G. Kattermann 
 
 Edward Kelly Roy E- Lynd 
 
 Elmer King ' Reinhard Huettig 
 
 T. O. Bassett Hov/ard H. King 
 
 Its present resources are in excess of $3,000,000. 
 
 This institution has been remarkably successful in the develop- 
 ment of thrift and saving. It has aided in the erection of homes and 
 the general prosperity of Dover and vicinity. It safeguards financial 
 interest, provides adequate security for valuables, advises as to 
 investments bv its patrons and friends, furnishing information free 
 of cost to them. It encourages all efi:'orts for the advancement of the 
 general good and recomniends accounts by the young. 
 
 The chief asset of a bank clerk is honesty, courtesy, and willing- 
 ness to serve the public. Studiousness and a desire for greater effi- 
 ciency, a requisite of great value to them. The higher the education 
 attained the better fitted to fill whatever position may be open to them. 
 
 It is difficult to measure a bank's influence. Absolute integrity is 
 required. Confidence of the public must be maintained. The per- 
 sonnel of directors, officers and employees must be unquestioned. All 
 this the Dover Trust Company has, and sets the highest standard of 
 moral and financial integrity in all dealings with the people and public 
 interest. 
 
.150 
 
 A trust company has for its depositors, individuals, firms, corpora- 
 tions. It can act as Executor, Administrator and Trustee under wills 
 or by appointment of the Court. It is under strict control and con- 
 stant supervision by the State Department of Banking and Insurance. 
 
 WASTE NOT, WANT NOT 
 *' WASTE NOT, WANT NOT"— how shall we mortals marry 
 
 These words to action in our little sphere? 
 How gather in the wealth they seem to carry, 
 
 How heed the voice of thrift, the summons clear? 
 
 Each man, each child may be an engineer 
 Of fortune, as Poor Richard taught of old ; 
 
 The banks were filled with savings in a year. 
 When thrifty Ben this open secret told. 
 
 "Waste not your substance," said our frugal Bennie ; 
 
 "Don't pay too much for whistles, but put by 
 Erom day to day a dollar or a penny 
 
 And so win independence ; do not cry 
 
 And shout aloud, 'We're freemen, free!' — the lie 
 Sticks in your throats when you are slaves to debt ; 
 
 For freedom must be earned, and this is why 
 Some folks, freeborn, have not found freedom yet.'' 
 
 And so the printer's lad became our Moses, 
 
 Our prophet, leading to the Promised Land ; 
 
 While others heavenward gazed with upturned noses. 
 He saved his pennies, firmly took his stand 
 Upon this text — 'Waste not, want not"; no grand 
 
 Ideal of the Euture made him blind 
 
 To conmion sense, to dollars in the hand, 
 
 To nearby fortunes that the thrifty find. 
 
 BEN, we have canonized you lately ; many 
 
 Are making pilgrimages to your shrine ; 
 Your shrewd, plain preaching holds its own with an}- 
 
 Taught by rapt seer or eloquent divine. 
 
 For January 17, the birthday of Ben Franklin. 
 
151 
 
 THE NEWSPAPERS OF DOVER 
 By Harry R. Gill 
 
 We have been told that "a man is known by the company he keeps," 
 and in a great measure, we have come to learn that a town is judged 
 by the newspapers it supports. 
 
 Since 1869 Dover has not been without a newspaper, On April 
 ist, 1869, The Dover Enterprise came out as the town's first paper, 
 published by Edward L. Dickerson and Frank N. Lindsley. The 
 type was set in a small shop over the present Dickerson store in East 
 Blackwell street and the forms taken to New York for printing. The 
 Enterprise was a weekly and this farming-out process continued until 
 June I, 1870, when the paper was taken over by W. J. Bruce, a prac- 
 tical printer, who put in a plant and changed the name to The Dover 
 Mail, not a very large sheet, but surely large enough to carry the 
 events as they happened way back in the seventies. In those days 
 the advertisements were more or less in the nature of reading notices 
 and it is more than likely that Editor Bruce gathered his own news, 
 set his own type from the case, and "got out" the newspaper himself. 
 We are also reasonably sure that Dover's pioneer publisher had very 
 little trouble with the "newsies" and that he knew nothing of the 
 blessings of the telephone as the newspaper's greatest friend in the 
 gathering of news. It took a genius to publish a paper in those days — 
 nowadays a fat bank account is the greatest asset. In those days the 
 typesetting machine was only a dream — but those were the days when 
 the versatile printers were made. Now they are specialists, each doing 
 his part in the great organism that groans for lack of time in which 
 to do more and to do it more quickly. To '\niss the mail" in Bruce's 
 time perhaps gave him little concern. The coming of plate and type- 
 setting machines was to the newspaper office what a copious shower 
 is to the parched soil. 
 
 In 1870 The Iron Era, founded by Benjamin Vogt, also came 
 into the journalistic life of the community. As a paying newspaper 
 proposition The Era was perhaps the most successful until more recent 
 years. During the regime of the late George Richards, who was 
 recognized as one of the leading political factors of Northern Jersey, 
 The Dover Printing Company was able to pay what was considered 
 in those days a handsome dividend. At that time the late John S. 
 Gibson was its editor, and it has been conceded that Editor Gibson 
 was the ablest newspaper man of whom North Jersey can boast. 
 Editor Gibson went from The Era office to The Nezvark Commercial- 
 Advertiser and from that time on the career of Dover's strongest paper 
 became more or less checkered. In the meantime Mr. Richards passed 
 away in iqoo, with some of those whose political patronage was neces- 
 sarily withdrawn. 
 
 In 1875 The Dover Index was founded by Francis F. Hummel 
 and Lorenzo D. Tillyer, upon the discontinuance of The Dover Mail. 
 Mr. Hummel came to Dover from Mauch Chunk in 1874 as foreman 
 
152 
 
 of The Mail, under Mr. Bruce. Both Mr. Hummel and Mr. Tillyer 
 are now deceased, but, like Tennyson's brook, The Index goes on for- 
 ever. William G. Hummel, brother of the founder, is the present 
 publisher. 
 
 In the earlier days of journalism, newspapers had an ambition — 
 for the most part political — more so than now, when profits are more 
 to be desired than a principle fought for. The Era was the Republican 
 mouthpiece and TIic Index the Democratic. So, on the assumption 
 that temperance or prohibition was a burning issue in the breasts of 
 many, a number of local enthusiasts, known then as "prohibition 
 cranks," formed a stock company and The Morris County Journal 
 blossomed forth as the noonday sun — one of the very few prohibition 
 papers in New Jersey. Its first editor was James S. Bradbrook, a 
 Free Methodist preacher, who got out its first number in 1890. The 
 publication office was on the top floor of the Alexander Wighton Build- 
 ing, now owned and occupied by James T. Lowe. Of course its 
 income was restricted and consequently its existence was not the 
 smoothest. Editors came and went. Bradbrook was succeeded by 
 Edward Jones, another Free Methodist preacher, who remained at 
 the helm the longest of any of its editors. He was a widower and 
 practically lived in the office, hence a little salary went a long way 
 with him, for he was working for the sake of principle and stuck 
 to the ship as long as he could. Jones was extremely bitter in his 
 writings, but none too strong for some of those on his board of direct- 
 ors. However, he finally came into disfavor and stepped out "on his 
 own hook," equipping a small printing plant in a residence in Sanford 
 street, where he continued to publish his literature in tract form and 
 oft'ered it for public distribution. During this period he was maintained 
 by a few of his friends, who still had confidence in him and the work 
 he was trying to accomplish. Jones was succeeded by Norton Wagner, 
 who came from Scranton. In a short time Wilton R. Capps. now a 
 resident of Newark, succeeded Wagner, but only for a brief period. 
 During his time, however, Mr. Capps attempted for the first time in 
 the history of the town to publish a daily paper. He made a noble 
 struggle — but he was only a pioneer. The Journal appeared as a daily 
 but for a few weeks. It was a money-loser as a weekly, but more 
 so as a daily. 
 
 Then along came Rev. David Spencer, a Baptist minister, who 
 had the Ledgev/ood church as his pastorate. He came from Racine, 
 Wis. Through his forcefulness he was able to form a stock company 
 of such representative business men as William H. and Andrew K. 
 Baker, Martin V. B. Searing, Isaac W. Searing, Charles E. Clark, 
 David S. Allen, Jacob J. \'reeland, Sr., Alex Kanouse and others. 
 The paper was reorganized as The Morris Journal and the company 
 known as The Morris Publishing Company. During this regime Dover 
 was given its nev/siest and best printed newspaper. It was all hand- 
 set but, although its patronage was generous, its income was not suffi- 
 
155 
 
 cient and it went into the hands of a receiver. At the sale the paper 
 was taken over by George Richards and absorbed into The Iron Era. 
 The plant was dismantled and taken to Morristown and used for sev- 
 eral months by Morey Bros, in publishing The Daily Record, and later 
 the Morris County Standard, edited by John W. Williams. The 
 Standard was absorbed by the the Morris County Chronicle, and The 
 Standard and Chronicle, in time, were absorbed by The Jerseynian. 
 Editor Gill, of Tlie Advance, got out the first issue of The Daily Record 
 with the old Morris Journal plant, in a shop at the rear of a building 
 in Morris street near the yards of the Mills Wood Working Company. 
 He still has in his possession the first copy of Tiic Record off the press. 
 
 On March 9, 1903, The Doz'er Ach'ancc first saw the light of 
 day. Harry R. Gill, the present owner and publisher, conceived the 
 idea of a twice-a-week paper while employed as foreman of The Daily 
 Record in Alorristown. Before starting the paper, however, because 
 of limited financial means, he took in partnership with him Oron P. 
 Cole, who was then employed as a compositor on The Dover Index. 
 Together they worked diligently for months building up their already 
 small business, for they had made a nev/ start. Their competitors. 
 The Inde.v and The Iron Era, had been in existence for years. The 
 novelty of a semi-weekly paper seemed to meet with popular approval 
 and the business took on a healthy growth from its inception. Shortly 
 after The Advance appeared. The Inde.i' came out as a daily, the 
 second attempt for Dover, and it proved as disastrous as the first,, 
 except that its publishers had stronger backing and greater prestige 
 in the community than Ilie Daily Journal had when Mr. Capps 
 attempted it. It was a disagreement over the continuance or the dis- 
 continuance of The Indc.r as a daily that led to the dissolution of part- 
 nership betAveen Hummel and Tillyer, the latter of whom retired 
 from the business and built the Fair Building in East Blackwell street, 
 now occupied by F. A. Rinehart. Failing in this enterprise as a novelty 
 store, he engaged in the newspaper business at Hightstown, where 
 he conducted for several years The Highstown Gazette. The Inde.v 
 was published as a daily for about seven months. 
 
 In May, 1905, Mr. Cole sold his interest in The Advance to the 
 present owner, who has since operated it personally. In May, 1914, 
 at a chattel mortgage foreclosure sale, The Iron Era and its plant 
 was bought in by Harry R. Gill and absorbed into The Dover Advance. 
 
 Older residents in the town will remember the names of some 
 of the former editors of The Iron Era : Benjamin H. Vogt, John S. 
 Gibson, Frank Everett, Frank J. McDeede (now a surgeon in Pater- 
 son), A. E. C. Mindermann, James E. Williams and Frank E. Porter. 
 
154 
 
 DOVER REAL ESTATE 
 
 I never intended to become a real estate agent, but I find that 1 
 have been accumulating material that might easily form a history of the 
 growth of Dover real estate. We are sometimes told that there can be 
 no sound vi^here there is no ear to perceive it, no music except as it is 
 performed and heard. R-cal estate appears to belong in the same class 
 of phenomena. Land becomes real estate v/hen it gets related to human 
 use. Real estate grows or develops as it becomes more intimately or 
 extensively related to the service of man. Hence its historical changes 
 in value as indicated by prices paid at successive periods of time, illus- 
 trated in the case of Dover. 
 
 The late James H. Neighbour allowed me to have access to his old 
 deeds, maps, and his copy of McFarlan's Descriptions of Dover real 
 estate from 1827 to 1849, "1 which a methodical account was given of 
 each lot on the principal streets, with area, date of sale and selling price 
 and purchaser. Much of this information may be found in "Dover 
 History," together with the full text of the available deed concerned 
 with John Jackson's real estate transactions. 1722 and 1753, briefly 
 noted in "Dover Dates." Mr. Neighbour told me that Silas Dell is 
 thought to have originated the first detailed map of this region in his 
 endeavors to locate bits of land yet unappropriated. He showed me Silas 
 Dell's map. 
 
 THE SHOTWELL RETURN 
 
 From Edward Howell, Civil Engineer, Morristown, I have obtained 
 the following memorandum of the Shotwell Return, which he took from 
 the original record at Perth Amboy. 
 
 "JOSEPH SHOTWELL. S-2-Q8. May 30, 1745. Martin Ryer- 
 son. Deputy Surveyor. A tract (in Morris County) at the place called 
 'Quaker Iron Works.' Beginning at a Hickory Sapling marked on four 
 sides, standing in the line of a former survey made for Joseph Latham 
 at the west side of a rocky hill. 
 
 "First: — i) N 44d E 30.00 2) S 46d E 3.00 3) S 44d W 29.00 4) 
 N 7od W 3.00 to beginning, containing 9 acres strict. Second : — Also 
 that tract of land lying on both sides of the Rockaway River, beginning 
 at a Black Oak tree standing by the south side of said Rockaway River 
 by a point of Rocks distant from the N E corner of the above mentioned 
 lot upon a S 69d E course 99c & 5^ from thence N 5id E 40, S 43d E 29, 
 S 13d W 133/2, N 78d W 49 to beginning, containing 91 acres and both 
 tracts together contain 100 acres strict." 
 
 Note that the first place was called Quaker Iron Works previous to 
 1745. This may mean that the Schooleys, had a forge here at an earlier 
 date. Was John Jackson a Quaker? William Schooley took up land 
 at Millbrook, 171 3. Also note that Joseph Latham had a tract within 
 Dover's present limits, in addition to the tract of 527 acres which he 
 sold to John Jackson in 1722. Possibly John Jackson acquired the land 
 
155 
 
 for his forge and dwelling from the same Latham, but we find no 
 record of the deed, as is common for that time. 
 
 This Shotwell return took in the business center of Dover. 
 The late Frederick H. Beach gave me access to the original books, 
 maps, and surveys of the McFarlan estate, going back to the land pur- 
 chases of Israel Canfield, made with a view to mineral rights. These 
 documents were then kept at Morristown in the law office of John Bon- 
 sall, nephew of Mr. Beach. They are important records of Dover 
 history, and of a still wider territory. 
 
 Alexander Mott of Rockaway informed me that the entire tract 
 from Turner's Corner (Sussex street) eastward to the first Blackwell 
 street bridge over the Rockaway river (formerly known as "the wading 
 place") was once offered to a certain individual for $500. The man to 
 whom it was offered declined to sink his money in such a swamp as the 
 property then appeared, and said he would buy land where it was worth 
 something. So he bought a farm in Millbrook, which was then the flour- 
 ishing industrial section of this region. No doubt he made a wise choice 
 for his time. Real estate values are made by other considerations than 
 the number of acres in a tract. The canal came. The railroad came. 
 The trolley came. Industries came. Building lots in the rejected tract 
 are now sold at $5,000. 
 
 Harry L. Schwarz, who has made a lifelong study of Dover real 
 estate, has greatly assisted me in securing accurate data that illustrate 
 the changing real estate values of the past fifty years. 
 
 But before we take up these later details let us take a brief historical 
 survey, gathering from our "Dover Dates" certain real estate facts, for 
 this book goes to show how New Jersey ever became "real estate." 
 1497 — The Cabots claimed North America for England by discovery. 
 
 (This included Dover, of course.) 
 1607 — Henry Hudson claims New Jersey for the Dutch, by discovery. 
 1664 — England asserts her prior claim and Charles II grants New 
 
 Jersey to his brother, the Duke of York. The Duke conveys New 
 
 Jersey to Berkeley and Carteret. 
 1674 — Berkeley sold West Jersey to Quakers for £1,000. 
 1682 — Lady Carteret sold East Jersey to Wm. Penn and others for 
 
 £3,400. 
 1713 — Wm. Schooley took up 600 acres at Millbrook. 
 1722 — John Jackson bought 527 acres at Mine Hill for £5. (about $25). 
 1745 — The Shotwell Return includes 100 acres of Dover. No price. 
 1753 — Fitz Randolph bought at Sheriff's sale Jackson's 527 acres, for 
 
 £555. Values have risen. 
 1817 — Blackwell & McFarlan introduce a new era in village real estate, 
 
 making the map of 1825 and laying off streets and selling many 
 
 building lots. 
 
 The storv of the corners all along Blackwell street is particularly 
 
156 
 
 significant. The four corners of Blackwell and Sussex streets may be 
 indicated as NW, NE, SW, SE. 
 
 1827 SW sold to Minton 2,500 sq. ft. $400. Now Killgore. 
 
 1827 SE sold to Hurd 5,000 sq. ft. $475. Mansion House. 
 
 1835 NW sold to McDavit 7,500 sq. ft. $500. Richards. 
 
 1836 NE sold to Hinchman 5,000 sq. ft. $750. Turner. 
 
 Real estate values progress by epochs marked by certain great 
 causes, such as transportation facilities, industries, growth of popu- 
 lation, cost of labor and building materials, market value of commer- 
 cial products (which depend on how other people are prospering in 
 other parts of the world). Dover's land values, therefore, were 
 successively affected by the changes in modes of travel, and trans- 
 portation from teams and stage coaches to canal (1831), D. L. & W. 
 Railroad (1848), Central R. R. (1880), trolley (1904). and trucks 
 and automobiles; and by the coming of new industries, as suggested 
 by the following table : 
 
 1874 Birch Boiler Works. 
 
 1 881 Singleton's Silk Mill. 
 
 1884 E. J. Ross, Silk. 
 
 1890 Kattermann, Swiss Knitting Mill. 
 
 1893 Laundry, Clark-Cook. 
 
 1894 Peters' Overall Factory. 
 
 1896 Richardson & Boynton Stove Works. 
 
 1897 Guenther's Silk Hosiery. 
 19CO ^IcKiernan Drill Works. 
 
 1912 Lackawanna Switch & Frog Works. 
 
 1914 Artificial Ice Hygeia — Crystal. 
 
 191 5 N. J. Power & Light Company. 
 
 19 16 l)o\A"ns & Slater's Foundry. 
 1918 MacFall's Factory. 
 
 Outside industries have aided the prosperity of the town, such as, 
 1871, Hercules Powder Company, 1880 Picatinny Arsenal, 1883 
 Atlas Powder Co., 1891 U. S. Navy Depot, 1907 Wharton Steel Co. — 
 Replogle, Inc. 
 
 The AlcFarlan lar.d lioom can be traced street by street and 
 corner by corner, and the later indtistries have left their impress imon 
 the expanding map of Dover, with new streets and new residential 
 tracts. To trace in detail the real estate reaction to each change in 
 transportation and industry would be an extended but illuminating 
 study. 
 
 The McFarlan regime lasted about half a century. Then it 
 ceased. McFarlan Park, the pride of the village, was sold and soon 
 all traces of the old gardens on both sides of Blackwell street gave 
 way to the show windows of thrifty storekeepers, the billboards of the 
 Baker Theatre, the Hoagland ]\Iemorial Church. 
 
 Before quoting the sales which converted McFarlan's Park into 
 marketable real estate, let us note that Mrs. Losey, further down the 
 street, sold her vegtable garden to W. H. Goodale for $1,000 in 1850, 
 
157 
 
 and he built on it the first brick building in Dover — Goodale's Drug 
 Store of to-day. When Mr. Goodale asked the little son of Mrs. 
 Losey to tell his mother that $i,ooo was offered for her garden plot 
 she thought the child was "kidding" her and paid no more attention 
 to it — who would pay such a fabulous sum? Mr. Goodale had to 
 explain later that he really meant it. 
 
 And in 1872 Leopold D. Schwarz bought the Steel Furnace lot 
 on Sussex street for $2,500 and erected the Central Hotel from the old 
 bricks of the Steel Furnace, this being the second brick building in 
 Dover. 
 
 To secure a right of way through this Sussex street property in 
 1880, for the Central Railroad of New Jersey, George Richards made 
 a bargain v.ith Leopold Schwarz, giving him the Old Stone Store 
 (now Friedman's) near the National L^nion Bank, in exchange for 
 said right of way. Hence said store on Blackwell street was rated as 
 worth a fraction of $2,500 in 1880. 
 
 To resume the story of McFarlan's Park: — the portion from the 
 corner of Blackwell and Warren streets to the Woolworth store near 
 the Baker Theatre was sold to Mayor Pierson for $5,500 about 1885. 
 W. H. Baker bought the rest of it for $8,000. From the Baker 
 purchase 125 feet was sold to the Hoagland Memorial Church for 
 $15,000 in 1899. 
 
 Kvery street has its real estate story and of these Blackwell street 
 is the most startling. The Business l^Ien's Association might 
 well devote an evening to swapping real estate stories about 
 Dover's main street. Old Dickerson street, once the Fifth ave- 
 nue of the village, also has a tale to tell. Our new Americans 
 from classic Greece and Italy now delight in the mansions of 
 Dover's "old families." 
 
 In 191 2, the Presbyterian Church (the original name for the 
 Hoagland Memorial) sold its old building and lot on the south side 
 of Blackwell street and opposite its present edifice for $6,500. 
 
 In 191 1, Edward Jenkins and Price, the photographer, bought a 
 lot (50x120) from Miss Mary Rose for $15,000. In 1922 the lot 
 known as the "White property" (50x100), opposite the Jenkins & 
 Price purchase, was sold for $30,000. 
 
 It is said that the Killgore corner (25x50) which sold in 1827 
 (2,500 square feet) for $400, was sold in 1922 for something between 
 $40,000 and $50,000. 
 
 Another Blackwell street corner worth noting is that at the north- 
 west corner of Essex street. The late Robert F. Oram had a mort- 
 gage on this lot (50x100) and a small strip (18x50) in the rear, with 
 River street between the two lots. The mortgages were for $3,261.72 
 and $526.47. At public vendue in 1889 the two lots sold for $3,100. 
 In 1919 this property was sold for $30,000 to Pasqual Nazzaro, who 
 has since sold it at a profit. 
 
 The property at southeast corner of Blackwell and Warren streets, 
 
158 
 
 opposite the Trust Company, was recently sold to Wm. S. White. 
 The price was said to be $75,000. The corner is occupied by a brick 
 building, three stories high. There are six stores on the first floor. 
 Lot 35 XI 05^/2. This makes a price of $6.77 a square foot. 
 
 Lehman's comer (Morris and Blackwell street), was bought in 
 1902-3 for $19,000 (75x100). Two years before that date it could 
 have been bought for $12,000. All taxes on this property, when 
 bought, amounted to $t66. The property was formerly occupied by- 
 Sovereign's Mercantile and Savings Association, and by the residence 
 of Sidney Breese. 
 
 The lot on which Pierson's Clothing Store long stood, sold in 1872- 
 for $6,000 with no building on it. 
 
 In some such way a table or chart of real estate transactions could 
 be made out and the rise in value of each city lot recorded in chrono- 
 logical order. Then we should have that complete guide to Dover real 
 estate values which I feel myself unprepared to furnish. Besides, 
 my interest in the subject is purely academic. 
 
 The Trust Company, by the way, secured their corner (30x65) 
 for $22,500 in 1912, and have since added a lot (30x35) in the rear 
 for $13,500. With some incidental expenses this brings the purchase 
 price of their property up to $36,000 and more. 
 
 If we should add to these statistics of commercial real estate the 
 story of the mining properties by which Dover is surrounded — farms 
 and hillsides with "mineral rights" — we should have another chapter 
 of thrilling interest, leading up to the recent gathering up of the old 
 mining lands by Replogle, Inc. 
 
 There is still another side to our real estate story, and that is 
 the chapter that tells of the many cozy homes for working people of 
 whatever occupation, erected by their thrift and often, in great part, 
 the work of their own hands, aided perhaps by the Building and Loan 
 Association, founded in 1882. This is the real crux of Dover's pros- 
 perity — how can the man or woman of moderate means secure a com- 
 fortable and satisfactory home? Many interesting answers to that 
 question have been worked out in Dover and on al! the hills surround- 
 ing the town, where choice building sites become more and more 
 available through the increasing possession of automobiles. The air- 
 plane may yet lead some of our good folks to "mansions in the sky" ; 
 but, if you fall short of that, try the vicinity of Quaker Church or 
 Mt. Fern for delightful scenery at an elevation of 800 to i.ooo feet 
 above sea. Or West End Heights and Mine Hill. Low-lying plains 
 beyond these toilsome heights may be found at Kenvil. with plenty 
 of elbow room. Elycroft on the east is also holding out inducements. 
 But I am not an agent. 
 
 In addition to the above historic facts the following considera- 
 tions may be noted. 
 
 Real estate values in New Jersey have been notably affected by a 
 'rowing appreciation of landscape beauty and picturesque scenery and 
 lurroundings. There was a time when land was valued chiefly for 
 ts productivity and this always holds for farming properties. 
 
159 
 
 But after the Civil War and especially during the last quarter 
 century, beauty of rural and suburban scenery has become a distinct 
 factor in real estate values — witness the developments at Morristown, 
 Summit, Short Hills, Far Hills, Peapack, Lyons Farms, Montclair 
 and numerous modern residential tracts. With the application of 
 landscape gardening and the erection of attractive villas many of the 
 old farms have risen in market value from $60 to $1,000 an acre. 
 
 Another potent factor in causing such values is the social charac- 
 ter of the community. This may become exclusive or exaggerated ; 
 but it cannot be denied that land rises or falls in value by the charac- 
 ter of those who reside on it or near it. Good neighbors are an asset 
 to any man who wishes to put his property on the market. 
 
 Accessibility to daily work is another consideration. In old times 
 it was a marked feature of our village life, as when Zenas Pruden 
 had his shop at one end of his garden spot and his dwelling at the 
 other, at the corner of Morris and Dickerson streets, N. W. With 
 the growth of a great population of commuters to our cities suburban 
 real estate has acquired new value. In a local way it may be noted 
 that Guenther's factory has raised land values to and beyond the 
 Rockaway Township line from about $150 or $200 a building lot to 
 $1,000. The Richardson & Boynton Stove Works has added greatly to 
 the real estate possibilities of the Baker tract and North Dover as 
 well as other parts of the town. 
 
 Architectural beauty also enters into ultimate values of residen- 
 tial and even business-block properties. The architectural fitness, vari- 
 ety, harmony and tout ensemble of a village, town, or city creates 
 positive market value. Well designed buildings such as public schools 
 and libraries, churches, banks, municipal buildings, stores and even 
 factories may be so treated, grouped and harmonized as a whole that 
 the general effect is a real asset to all property owners in such a 
 community or neighborhood. I have even heard the remark that if a 
 group of houses that may be seen at one view along a country road 
 were well harmonized in their color scheme instead of seeming to 
 "swear at" one another, the result would bring artistic blessings to 
 humanity if not dollars and cents to the owners. In towns and cities 
 a building commission may do much for the general good. Europe 
 learned this lesson long ago. Our Trust Company Building marks a 
 forward step in Dover. When the post-sewer building craze sets in, 
 then engage a competent architect that a new Dover may rise majestic 
 from the ancient foundations ! 
 
 The completion of a sewerage system will be another great step 
 forward in the history of Dover real estate. Sanitation is a founda- 
 tion stone of good living and real estate value. Dover's future, in 
 this respect, is bound up with that whole area which includes New 
 York City and a circuit of fifty miles about it, for which the Russell 
 Sage Foundation is endeavoring to raise up competent constructive 
 advisors. 
 
i6o 
 
 Any changes that our raih-oads may make in shifting their Hne 
 of road building will inevitably cause some shift in real estate availa- 
 bility. We are all watching to see which way the Lackawanna will 
 jump when it seeks a better line of traffic through the awkward turn at 
 Dover, going west. The ultimate fate of the Morris Canal is another 
 factor. 
 
 Dover's diversified and picturesque scenery makes possible build- 
 ing sites in great number, beautiful for situation and outlook — situa- 
 tions that would cost nuich more if nearer New York. We are here 
 at the gateway of the Switzerland of New Jersey. Lake Hopatcong is 
 eight miles west of us, and many smaller lakes and ponds dot the 
 landscape of the State as one fiivvers through this Schooley's-Moun- 
 tain peneplain of New Jersey. 
 
 CHURCHES 
 
 THE FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH 
 
 The First Presbyterian Church of Dover was organized in 1835 
 and held its first services in the Stone Academy erected on Dickerson 
 street by Henry McFarlan, Sr., to serve in part for church use. The 
 first building erected by the Presbyterians was located on land donated 
 by the executors of Henry IMcFarlan, Sr., on the south side of Black- 
 well street, at the west corner of Prospect street. It was dedicated 
 in 1842. The first building was later moved across Prospect street to 
 the triangle where Totten's Garage now stands. 
 
 The second building (now used as Arcanum Hall) was erected 
 on the site of the first and dedicated in 1872. Elder J. L. Allen left 
 $10,000 towards the erection of this building, and $5,000 for a parson- 
 age, located on Prospect street, further up the hill. 
 
 The third and present building, known as The Hoagland Memorial 
 Church, was erected, 1899, on land purchased from Wm. H. Baker, 
 opposite the former site of the old church buildings. The third build- 
 ing (with the land on which it stands) was donated by Hudson Hoag- 
 land as a memorial of his wife, Martha D. Bigelov\'. 
 
 These gifts are recorded in recognition of the generosity of the 
 donors. 
 
 The pastors of this church have been as follows: 
 
 Rev. James Wvckoff 1835-1838 
 
 Rev. Robert R. Kellogg 1838- 
 
 Rev. Burtis C. Magie, D.D 1839-1876 
 
 Rev. William W. Halloway, D.D 1876-1910 
 
 Rev. Peter McMillan, D.D 1910- 
 
 Previous to the organization of this church prayer meetings 
 had been held in Dover and a Sunday School established in 1816. A 
 series of special religious meetings was conducted in Dover in 1831 by 
 Rev. Edwin F. Hatfield, later known as the author of Hatfield's History 
 of Elizabeth, N. J. These meetings, apparently, were a prelude to 
 the organization of the church in 1835. It was "set off" from the 
 Rockaway Church in 1834. 
 
i6i 
 
 GRACE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH 
 
 The first organized Methodist society in Dover was an off-spring 
 from Millbrook Methodist Episcopal Church. In 1838 the first Meth- 
 odist Episcopal church in Dover was erected on the corner of Sussex 
 and McFarlan streets. For fifty-two years this church stood as the 
 pride and honor of Methodism in Dover. In 1890 this old church 
 was sold to H. P. Ropier, as it had served its day and generation and 
 must give place to the new. It was removed to its present site on 
 Sussex street and turned into a dwelling house. It is still owned and 
 occupied by its original purchaser, H. P. Hopler. 
 
 On July 23rd, 1890, the cornerstone for the new church was laid. 
 On the 28th day of January, 1891, the new church, now known as Grace 
 Methodist Episcopal Church, was dedicated. With few minor changes, 
 this building has been used for the glory of God for a period of 
 thirty-three years, and is in good condition to-day. 
 
 The present membership is about 150. Number on roll in Sunday 
 School, 280; members in the Epworth League, 135; number in Ladies' 
 Aid, 40 ; in Sisters of Bethany, 28 ; in Boys' Club, 25 ; Girls' Club, 85. 
 
 The pastors who have served the church since 1876 are as follows: 
 W. H. McBride, one year; A. M. Palmer, one year; W. I. Gill, three 
 years ; W. H. McCormick, three years ; J. R. Daniels, three years ; 
 Ered Bloom, five years ; Thomas Hall, one year ; S. D. Decker, one 
 year; W. M. Trumbower, two years; W. J. Hampton, three years; 
 J. E. Machman, one year ; M. T. Gibbs, four years ; S. H. Jones, four 
 years; E. V. King, one year; H. P, King, one year; A. B. Eitzgerald, 
 five years ; Nathaniel Brooks, seven years ; William H, Hudson, present 
 pastor, one year. 
 
 THE EIRST METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH 
 
 The First Methodist Episcopal Church, like the Grace M. E. 
 Church, dates its organization from the first church building erected 
 in Dover in 1838 on the corner of North Sussex street and McFarlan 
 street. 
 
 They removed from the old site and put up a stone church in 1872, 
 on North Essex street, corner of Blackwell street. In 1907 they 
 erected the present large and beautiful stone building on Blackwell 
 street, to which the building of 1872 becomes an annex for the use 
 of the Sunday School and other purposes. 
 
 The present pastor is the Rev. J. Fred. Bindenderfer, who suc- 
 ceeded Rev. George Whitehead, who followed Rev. Christopher Von 
 Glahn. 
 
l62 
 
 ST. MARY'S R. C. CHURCH 
 ST. MARY'S PARISH 
 
 In the matter of church history St. Mary's has set us all an 
 example by publishing, in connection with its seventy-fifth anniversary, 
 a pamphlet containing a history of the parish, illustrated. In it are 
 shown pictures of the church buildings, higher dignitaries of the 
 church, pastors and others — 23 illustrations, such as every church 
 ought to have. From this pamphlet the following data are obtained. 
 1774 Earliest record of missions in Morris County. Baptism by 
 Rev. Father Schneider. 
 
 1844 Rev. I. P. Howell visited Dover, stopping with Mr. and Mrs, 
 William Phillips. Father Dominic Senez of Madison followed. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Phillips donated ground for a church. 
 
 1845 Work was begun on it. Father Senez was pastor. 
 1847-1867 Father John Callen. Parish School established in base- 
 ment of old church. 
 
 1867-1869 Rev. Bernard Quinn. First school building 1868. 
 
 1869 Rev. P. Byrne and Father Fitzsimmons, 
 
 1870 Rev. Pierce McCarthy. New cemetery acquired. 
 1873 Cornerstone of new stone church laid. 
 
 1878 Rev. James Hanley. 
 
 1883 Rev. John A. Sheppard. 
 
 1884 Rev. Nicholas Hens. 
 
 1885 Rev. Gerard Funke. Brick school and new rectory built. 
 1908 Rev. Paul T. Carew. 
 
 1914 Rev. E. J. Miskela. Sisters' Home built. ' 
 
 1917 Rev. P. A. Maher. 
 
 1920 Seventy-fifth anniversary. 
 
 ST. JOHN'S EPISCOPAL CHURCH 
 
 Note: — At the time of the seventieth anniversary of St. John's 
 Church a history of the church was published in the local papers. It 
 was not possible to obtain such a history in 191 3 for the "Dover His- 
 tory" and I now include this history in "Dover Dates" the better to 
 preserve it. — Editor. 
 
 19 1 9. The Seventieth Anniversary. 
 
 On Sunday morning there was corporate communion of the parish 
 in thanksgiving to God for His years of care. On Sunday evening the 
 service was in charge of five of the former pastors, the Rev. Messrs. 
 Butterworth, Butler, Pickslay, McCleary, and Thomson. Special music 
 was rendered at both services by the choir under the direction of Miss 
 Mabel Banghart. 
 
 On Monday evening there was an informal reception to former 
 pastors and communicants in the parish house, to which the local clergy 
 were invited. The townspeople of Dover were invited to attend the 
 anniversary exercises. 
 
1 63 
 
 PARTIAL HISTORY OF THE CHURCH 
 
 In the month of November, 1849, the Right Rev. George Washing- 
 ton Doane, D.D., LL.D., Bishop of New Jersey, placed the village of 
 Dover under the charge of the Rev. Charles W. Rankin, Rector of St. 
 Peter's Church of Morristown. 
 
 Henry McFarlan, Esq., of New York, had in years past manifested 
 his interest in the establishment of the church in Dover by designating 
 a commanding piece of ground as the site of a parish church and pro- 
 viding a large folio Bible for the use of the minister officiating in that 
 village. 
 
 His son, Henry McFarlan, Esq., residing in Dover and inheriting 
 his father's spirit, was the first to encourage the revival of the church's 
 work and has been foremost in every labor of love to carry it forward 
 to a successful end. 
 
 The above, taken from record made by Dr. Rankin, is in brief the 
 tale of the beginnings of the work of St. John's Church which is now 
 keeping its seventieth anniversary. 
 
 On the evening of the eighth of November of that year the first 
 service was held in an "upper chamber" of the Academy building then 
 located on what is now Dickerson street, where Snyder's restaurant now 
 is. The room could hold about a hundred people and is reported as being 
 well filled. So well was this enjoyed that it was then determined to begin 
 a weekly service, which has been continued ever since. 
 
 On November 23. the sacrament of Baptism was first administered 
 by the pastor. The three children of Asa M. Clark, George C, Augustus 
 H., and Mary E., were presented and their names are the first entered 
 upon the parish register. 
 
 The following January it became needful to enlarge the meeting 
 place and a number of repairs were made so that the room might have 
 "a neat and pleasant appearance." Shortly afterward a Sunday School 
 was organized under the superintendence of Henry McFarlan. 
 
 Because it was not possible to have the services of a clergyman in 
 the morning, no Communion service was held until January 12, 1852, 
 when the Bishop himself officiated. The service consisted of the Litany 
 and Holy Communion and nine communicants were reported. 
 
 Encouraged by this visit of the Bishop, the people determined to 
 effect a parish organization and this was done at the first Parish meet- 
 ing, held on February 28, 1862. At this meeting Henry and Charles 
 McFarlan were chosen Wardens and Asa and Henry Phillips, William 
 Losey, Thomas T. Lewis and Joshua Butterworth, Vestrymen. 
 
 Among the early members of the congregation were many whose 
 names are familiar to all who have traced the history of Dover. McFar- 
 lan, Blackwell, Cooke, Elliott, Richards, Munson, Tippett, Tremain, 
 Stickle, Mott, Jackson, Phillips, Clark, Tonkins, and Green are names 
 known and still to be found in our community. These communicants 
 came from Dover, near Dover, Succasunna, Mt. Pleasant Mine, Rock- 
 away. Denville, Lake Hopatcong, Mt. Hope, Mott Hollow, Mine Hill, 
 Long Pond, Swede's Mine, Iron Dale, Scrub Oaks and Ferromont. 
 
164 
 
 St. John's treasures the first prayer ])Ook used at this time. This 
 book was used by the first rector of St. Peter's Church in Morristown, 
 Rev. Benjamin Holmes, and its services were marked for punctuation 
 and emphasis by Rt. Rev. John Croes, who was one of the first liishops 
 of ths American Church. It was in continuous use there from 1830 to 
 1849, ^^"^d when the services were begun in Dover, was presented to the 
 new mission by the parent church. 
 
 The Church grev/ and prospered and on October 18, 1866. work 
 was begun upon the present stone edifice upon the plot which Mr. 
 McFarlan, Sr., had promised. His son, Henry, fulfilled this promise 
 "by deeding the land which has become so valuable to the parish, on 
 December i, 1866, for the purposes of a church, rectory, and parish 
 "srhool. The work of building became burdensome to the little congrega- 
 tion, and after foundations were laid the work ceased and services v/ere 
 continued in the Academy. When Rev. John F. Butterworth became 
 rector the project was revived and under his energetic leadership the 
 church building was completed and was consecrated by Bishop Oden- 
 heimer in 1871. The total cost was $15,037.19, a large sum for those 
 days. 
 
 During the rectorship of Dr. Wm. M. Pickslay. the present parish 
 house (since enlarged) and the rectory were built. Much of this work 
 was superintended by Mr. Cadwallader Mulligan, who is still a member 
 of the Vestry. 
 
 St. John's has always evidenced a community spirit and co-operation 
 in movements for the benefit of the town, and for some years the school 
 conducted in the Academy was under its jurisdiction. Pupils are still 
 living vAio studied under the Rev. H. C. H. Dudley, and Piatt's Dfover 
 History remarks that documents from the Parish School conducted by 
 Rev. James A. Upjohn constitute a report on education in Dover in 
 i860. It may be interesting to note that the curriculum eml^raced Cate- 
 chism, Sunday lessons, Latin, Arithmetic, Spelling, Reading, Gram- 
 mar, Geography, Plistory. Astronomy, Writing, Dictation, Composition, 
 Declamation, Drawing, Vocal and Instrumental Music, and French, 
 Quite a formidable list when we know that he had only one assistant, 
 Miss Forgus. 
 
 During the influenza epidemic last year (1918), the Parish House 
 was used by the town as a hospital for those unable to secure medical 
 attention elsewhere. 
 
 During the years of its life St. John's has had the follov/ing clergy 
 •as settled pastors : 
 
 Rev. Charles W. Rankin 1849-1852 
 
 Rev. Charles S. Little 1852-1853 
 
 Rev. J. B. Berry 1853- 
 
 Rev. Nathan W. Munroe 1853-1854 
 
 Rev. Charles F. Hofifman 1855-1856 
 
 Rev. Francis D. Canfield 1856-1857 
 
 .Rev. H. C. H. Dudley 1S57-1S60 
 
i65 
 
 Rev. Thomas W. Street 1860-1861 
 
 Rev. Thomas Margot 1861-1862 
 
 Rev. James A. Upjohn 1863-1869 
 
 Rev. John F. Butterworth 186Q-1871 
 
 Rev. Edwin E. Butler 1871-1880 
 
 Rev. David D. Bishop 1881-1883 
 
 Rev. James B. Mead 1883-1887 
 
 Rev. WilHam M. Pickslay 1887-1897 
 
 Rev. C. R. D. Crittendon". 1897-1898 
 
 Rev. C. Harvey Hartman 1898-1904 
 
 Rev. Edg-ar E. Brooks 1904-1908 
 
 Rev. James A. McCIeary 1908-1912 
 
 Rev. Robert J. Thompson 1912-1914 
 
 Rev. Waiter E. Howe 1915- 
 
 After his return from Germany, where he represented the Amer- 
 ican Church for a long period, Dr. Butterworth was elected Rector 
 Emeritus. His death occurred May, 1921. 
 
 Walter E. Howe. 
 
 THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH 
 
 Corner of Richards Avenue and Union Street 
 The first meeting which led to the organization of the First Baptist 
 Church of Dover was held in Bennett's Hall on Blackwell street, Feb- 
 ruary 2i2, 1892, under the leadership of Rev. W. H. Shawger, pastor 
 at Netcong, and Wm. H. Morey of Dover. The organization of the 
 church was completed on September 18, 1893, by request of thirty- 
 nine members of the Netcong Baptist Church and residents of Dover 
 who withdrew from Netcong, with deacons and trustees as follows : 
 Deacons — ^Obadiah Parker, Sr., Char.les Parker, Peter Swayze; 
 Trustees — James H. Rhone, Eugene Ayres, Thomas Headland, Wm. 
 Morey. Clerk and treasurer, Wm. Morey. 
 
 The laying of the cornerstone of the church building took place 
 on Sunday, P. M., December i, 1895, Rev. David Spencer, D.D., giving 
 the address and laying the stone. Dedication of the church edifice 
 took place on Sunday afternoon, April 5, 1896. Dedication sermon was 
 preached by Rev. D. De Wolf, superintendent of missions, of Newark. 
 Rev. E. O. Wilson was appointed pastor in 1921. 
 Pastors of the Church : 
 
 Rev. W. H. Shawger 1893- 
 
 Rev. Melvin Shelford 1902-1904 
 
 Rev. John FI. Earle 1904-1906 
 
 Rev. Robert Gordon 1906-1908 
 
 Rev. John A. Cortright 1908-1910 
 
 Rev. T. J. Winslade, Ph.D 1910-1918 
 
 Rev. F. P. Bemensderfer 1918-1920 
 
 Rev. Edwin O. Wilson 1921- 
 
i66 
 
 CHRYSTAL STREET CHAPEL 
 
 iprom Mrs. Stephen A. Broadwell (Rachel A.) I have obtained the 
 following information about the Chrystal Street Chapel. 
 
 On November i6, 1879, ^^^s. Alexander Searing (Jane), residing 
 on the top of Chrystal street, gathered children together in her parlor 
 for a Sunday School. Mr. C. J. Broadwell was superintendent and 
 Mr. Oliver Freeman of the First Presbyterian Church of Dover, his 
 assistant. To meet a growing need Mrs. Searing later gave a lot and 
 the people erected a small, one-room house (14x14), which may still 
 be seen on Chrystal street, now a dwelling, but looking as if it had 
 -once been something else, like other discarded church buildings in 
 Dover. Mrs. Searing deeded this lot and building to the Grace M. E. 
 Church of Dover. Then it was enlarged and as Grace Church was 
 in need of money they sold it to the Presbyterians. The school grew. 
 Then the Presbyterians bought from Wellington C. Casterline the 
 site of the present Chapel, on the corner of Morris street and Chrystal 
 rstreet, and in 1892 built the edifice now known as Chrystal Street 
 Chapel. Mr. E. J. Ross was much interested in this. In 1908 the 
 Presbyterian Church sold the property to the people of the neighbor- 
 Tiood. represented by Wm. W. Sickles, J. D. Pedrick and Edward A. 
 Smith. 
 
 Union prayer meetings and a Union Sunday School are held here. 
 The people belong to various churches in Dover, but unite in these 
 neighborhood meetings. They invite leaders and singers from many 
 places to conduct the meetings, which are well attended and heartily 
 supported by the people. 
 
 SWEDISH TRINITY LUTHERAN CHURCH 
 
 From 1872 to 1874 religious services in the Swedish language 
 were held in the Presbyterian Church of Dover. These services were 
 conducted by Mr. A. B. Lilja, then a young man interested in religious 
 work. In 1889 the Swedish Trinity Lutheran Church was organized 
 and Mr. Lilja was ordained as pastor. Since that time Mr. Lilja has 
 Jiad other charges, as at Wilkesbarre, has been a missionary of his 
 people in this country, and has established thirty-three congregations 
 ,of the Swedish church in Connecticut. New Jersey and Pennsylvania. 
 He has worked in New York and Philadelphia in behalf of his people 
 -and was instrumental in bringing many Swedes to Dover to work in 
 the D., L. & W. carshops when they were operated here. There are 
 said to have been about five hundred Swedes here then. After the 
 .carshops removed from Dover many of the Swedes went away to Cali- 
 iornia, Canada and Michigan. 
 
 Rev. A. B, Lilja, D.D., now the venerable pastor of the church 
 at the corner of Blackwell and Mercer streets, has been settled in 
 Dover since 1912. The church numbers seventy-eight members; Sun- 
 day School, 62. Services in Swedish in the morning; English in the 
 evening. 
 
J 67 
 
 THE SWEDISH BAPTIST CHURCH, founded January i, 
 1889. Situated on the corner of Belmont avenue and Linn street. 
 Known as "The little Church 'round the corner." 
 
 Rev. Carl Wesgerdahl, of Newark, comes to conduct services. 
 
 FACTS ABOUT THE SWEDISH BETHLEHEM CHURCH 
 
 (CONGREGATIONAL) 
 
 (Organized as a Missionary Association, Dec. 6, 1890.) 
 
 The Swedish Bethlehem Church was organized May 26, 1894, 
 
 with 16 members. Present membership 66. Church building, located 
 
 at the corner of Union and River streets, was erected and dedicated 
 
 1898. 
 
 Ministers serving the Church a longer or shorter time: 
 
 O. Sjoberg O. W. Arell 
 
 G. D. Hall G. Bloom 
 
 L. Akeson A. Liljestrand 
 
 J. A. Dahlgren E. Person 
 
 F. Jertberg N. O. Lind (The present minister — Located 
 
 90 Morris street. Began his ministry in Dover, August 24, 1920.) 
 The Sunday School has a membership of 90. Young People's 
 
 Society 43, Ladies' Aid 23. 
 
 OTHER CHURCHES 
 
 The society of the Free Methodist Church was organized in 1871. 
 The stone building which they occupy on Sussex street was erected 
 in 1872. Rev, G, E. La Fave is the pastor. 
 
 In 1872 this congregation used the first church edifice of the 
 First Presbyterian Congregation, then vacant because the Presbyter- 
 ians had erected their second building. A picture of these two 
 Presbyterian buildings is shown in Dover History. 
 
 The Free Methodists completed their own stone edifice on Sussex 
 street, on a lot donated by Manning Searing. It was dedicated on 
 December 8, 1872. The cost was $5,000. The Free Methodists advo- 
 cated inexpensive buildings. 
 
 Rev. W. M. Parry was their preacher in 1872. 
 
 In 1865, in the little town of Perry, New York State, some Metho- 
 dists who believed it wrong for a member of their society to hold 
 slaves or uphold the institution of slavery withdrew from their former 
 church connection and formed the Free Methodist Church, thus regis- 
 tering tlieir conviction that slaves should be set free, and that Christ* 
 ians should live the life of spiritual freedom and holiness. 
 
i6& 
 
 The Christian and Missionary Alliance of Dover, N. J., has held 
 meetings here for about eighteen years and is now using the church 
 edifice of the Swedish Methodist Church, 21 Hudson street. 
 
 Rev. C. Paul Gates has been the pastor of this society since 1917. 
 Previously services were conducted by students from the Missionary 
 Institute at Nyack, N. Y., a training school, undenominational and 
 interdenominational, founded by the late Rev. A. B. Simpson, D.D.,, 
 a Presbyterian minister of New York City and Canada. 
 
 The society has 350 missionaries in eighteen mission fields. 
 
 The Swedish Methodist Cliurch has ceased to hold services. The 
 members have, for the most part, joined the other Methodist churches 
 in town. The building which they once occupied on Hudson street is 
 now rented to the Christian Alliance, whose pastor is Rev. Paul Gates. 
 
 The Salvation Army has carried on in Dover since about 1900. 
 Their Captain now is Arthur Woodruff and they occupy a newly fitted- 
 up Chapel at 14 South Morris street, next to the playhouse. They 
 conduct a Sunday School numbering 150 to 175. They plan to equip 
 the top floor of their building as a public gymnasium. They have an 
 Advisory Board : Albert Sedgman, Chairman ; Eugene L. White, sec- 
 retary ; Edward Jenkins, treasurer ; William F. Birch, Paul Guenther, 
 Charles N. Polaski. William S. White, R. F. Woodhull, Emil Katter- 
 mann, and John Price. 
 
 The Gaines A. M. E. Mission has been holding religious services 
 in the Annex of the Northside School. 
 
 The Mt. Zion Baptist Church has been holding services in Youngle- 
 son's Hall for about four years. 
 
 There are in Dover about twenty-five disciples of Pastor Russell 
 of Brooklyn. They take the name of International Bible Students, 
 and meet for Bible study. 
 
 Adath Israel of Dover, New Jersey, Inc., is the name of the 
 Orthodox Hebrew Congregation that meets Friday evening and Satur- 
 day morning and evening in the hall over Pierson's Clothing Store, 6 
 West Blackwell street. Services are held in Hebrew. The society 
 was organized October 18, 19 17, with thirty-two charter members and 
 the following officers : Barney Harris, president ; Rev. Solomon 
 Nimoityn, vice-president; Charles Harris, treasurer; Milton Goldman, 
 secretary. 1 
 
169 
 
 MINE HILL 
 
 The Mine Hill Presbyterian Church has been associated with the 
 First Presbyterian Church of Dover in such a way that it may be allow- 
 able to include a notice of it in this book of Dover and vicinity. 
 
 In the Magie history of Dover churches we learn that Welshmen 
 employed in the mines of Mt. Pleasant and Mine Hill used to assemble 
 for religious service in 1850, led by a Welsh preacher, John R. Jenkins. 
 Mr. Jenkins removed later to Ohio. In 1859, this Welsh congregation 
 united with the Dover Presbyterian Church. In 1869. twenty-eight 
 members of the Dover church withdrew to constitute the Welsh Presby- 
 terian Church of Richard Mine, and Rev. John R. Jenkins, returning 
 from Ohio, became their pastor. 
 
 Meantime Pearce Rogers had conducted religious services in the 
 schoolhouse at Mine Hill, with a Sunday School superintended by 
 David Jenkins. The pastor of the Dover church often preached there. 
 In 1874, twenty-four members of the Dover church withdrew to consti- 
 tute the Presbyterian church of Mine Hill. Rev. Pearce Rogers was 
 regularly installed as pastor, September 22, 1874. A church edifice was 
 erected and, in the summer of 1879, dedicated free of debt. Mr. Rogers 
 continued as pastor until his death, January 8, 1893. 
 
 The Mine Hill church was under the care of Dr. Halloway of 
 Dover, for a time, who arranged for religious services there. Hilliard 
 Gage preached here for a time. Rev. Mr. Todd was pastor for a brief 
 time. 
 
 Then Rev. Theodore F. Chambers became the pastor, conducting 
 services also in Luxemburg and Berkshire Valley. 
 
 The present pastor, Rev. George McPherson Hunter, was installed, 
 September, 191 7. Mr. Hunter has written short stories published in 
 various magazines and is the author of the following books : Morning 
 Faces, When I Was a Boy in Scotland, and Gardens of Green. 
 
 In considering how best to secure information about our churches, 
 I first thought it would be well for the ministers' club, if they had one, 
 to take up the matter, collect data, and appoint one of their number to 
 write a discourse on The Function of the Church in the Development of 
 This Community — or any community, for that matter. But this has 
 not been done. If you want to hear from the clergy, attend any church 
 in Dover. I am doing the best I can in the circumstances, as a mere 
 layman. But I want something besides statistics and dates to represent 
 "The Function of the Church," of Religion, in the upbuilding of com- 
 munity life. To fill this gap my historical poem on Mine Hill Church, 
 in commemoration of their pastors, may do duty, although not written 
 for this purpose; and its concluding summary of a sermon by Mr. 
 Chambers may serve as the utterance of the clergy, for which I was 
 seeking, upon this theme. 
 
17© 
 
 MINE HILL CHURCH 
 
 LANDMARK seen from afar, stands Mine Hill Church on the 
 
 hilltop, 
 Lifting its spire to the sky, a beacon light of the Gospel. 
 Here was a mining town, the Dickerson Mine and the Byram 
 Made it a busy place, the folk were numbered by hundreds. 
 5 Men from Cornwall and Wales came over the ocean to labor 
 Here in these New World mines and delve for iron in our hillsides ; 
 Men whose sires were skilled to garner deephidden treasure, 
 Iron and coal and tin — shrewd men with a lineage hidden 
 Far back in times when daring Phoenician seamen and traders 
 lo Sought for the Briton's tin to mingle with copper, so making 
 Weapons of bronze and utensils better than those of their fathers. 
 Better than wood and stone, for betterment comes with the ages. 
 Long ago were those days when the mystic relics of Stonehenge, 
 Huge, unshapen stones, were marshalled in order mysterious ; 
 35 Long ago were the days, when, deep in the forest, the Druids 
 
 Ruled those tribes of the dawn, whose hearts were thrilled by the 
 
 awesome 
 Gloom of the ancient oaks of the wood with wide-spreading 
 
 branches, 
 Gleam of the glittering stars of the sky, that change with the seasons 
 And by the still, small voice of a Spirit within them and o'er them, 
 20 Round about them, creative, life-giving, earth-shaping, heaven- 
 ruling. 
 From those far-away days we come to the church on the hilltop, 
 Landmark seen from afar, the Mine Hill Church where the pilgrim 
 Miner folk of these hills, strong men and women and children, 
 Met for worship when Dominie Rogers stood in that pulpit. 
 25 Godfearing men they were and here they builded their temple, 
 Lifting their hearts to the God of light who rules in the heavens. 
 Building their lives on his gospel truth, revealed by the Saviour. 
 Heartily they rejoiced in their new built church on the hilltop ; 
 Thronged was the house of God — four hundred gathered to worship, 
 30 Led by their pastor beloved, Pearce Rogers, son of a miner, 
 Miner himself, for gold, then teacher and preacher and head man 
 Over the Millen Mine: he knew the hearts of his people, 
 Knew their ways and their work, their trials, sorrows and hardships. 
 He was a Cornish man, but he knew the Welsh and their country, 
 35 Knew how to comfort his flock with solace drawn from the Scrip- 
 tures, 
 Not so learned in books as in the life of his people, 
 Skilled in the winning of souls, more precious to him than hid 
 
 treasure. 
 Who are the folk who have met in days gone by at this altar? 
 What are the names lof those who have rallied so long with their 
 children? 
 
171 
 
 40 In this house of God to hear His word, sing His praises 
 
 Cornish names we find, and mingled with them are Welshmen — 
 THOMAS and JENKINS and BRAY, and CURNOW and 
 
 ENNOR and WILLIAMS, 
 BATH and POWELL and WHITTEMORE, TONKING. 
 
 TREDINNICK and others, 
 MARTIN, MILLEN and BASSETT— but who can tell all the 
 faithful ? 
 
 45 Music-loving, fervent, eloquent, orderly, steadfast; 
 
 Not much given to waves of excitement, but holding the standard 
 Ever aloft, though few were their numbers and short were their 
 
 purse-strings, 
 David Jenkins, a genuine Welshman and Elder beloved, 
 Founded the Sabbath School, the righthand man of his pastor. 
 
 50 Head of the Byram Mine was he, well versed in his calling, 
 
 Knowing the working of ore and how to deal with his workmen, 
 Caring most for the Kingdom of God, for treasure in heaven. 
 Rogers and Jenkins, they stood shoulder to shoulder as brothers, 
 Pillars, upholding the Church, with hearts of zealous devotion, 
 
 55 Seeking and finding the truth divine of the Holy Scriptures 
 As strong men who think for themselves and cherish the wisdom 
 Found in that grand old book, the treasure-trove of the ages. 
 Soon came the long, lean years, when panic reached to these hill- 
 tops. 
 Years when the mines shut down and the iron foundries of Dover 
 
 60 Ceased from their wonted toil, when plenty failed and dread hunger 
 Drove men forth from their homes to seek their fortune wherever 
 Work could be found. First the younger men, lighthanded, light- 
 hearted. 
 Had to go out and find for themselves, as their fathers before them. 
 Where the world had need of their young blood, vigor, and courage, 
 
 ■65 Founding new homes and learning new trades, if need be, but 
 keeping. 
 Deep in their hearts the love of the old folks and cherishing ever 
 Memories of the faith and love that nourished their childhood. 
 Now, when the time drew near that many must go from this parish, 
 Dominie Rogers bade them assemble and hear from this pulpit 
 
 70 Words of kindly farewell and admonition and counsel. 
 
 Taking his text from Job, he preached an old-fashioned sermon. 
 Canst thou bind, said he, the Pleiades fast in the heavens? 
 Freely they wander from zone to zone like the wandering miner. 
 Seen in all parts of the world and shedding sweet influence — like 
 them 
 
 75 May you be where you go. I ask you then to look upward, 
 Find these stars in the sky and see them shining above you, 
 Just as they shine to-night — then think of father and mother. 
 Think of the Church on the hill and say, "God bless you and keep 
 yon' 
 
 I" 
 
172 
 
 So he touched their hearts. He loved the stars and observed th3m^ 
 80 Searching the sky with his glass, as their gleaming hosts shone in 
 
 Clearly seen from his house on this w^ind-swept, heaven-kissed 
 upland. 
 
 Far, 'neath the southern skies, a lad from that number, years after,. 
 
 Driving his engine up the Chilean slopes of the Andes, 
 
 Leaning far out from his engine cab, saw, shining above him, 
 85 Brighter than ever, that wandering cluster, the Pleiades, shining. 
 
 Cheered was his lonely heart at the sight and he greeted them gladly, 
 
 "God bless the Mine Hill Church !" he cried, as he climbed the great 
 mountains. 
 
 So, from hillside and glen, the young men went on their travels ; 
 
 Older men, with homesteads fixed and upspringing households, 
 90 Stayed and found some way to keep things going ; a remnant 
 
 Clung to the once-filled Church with ever-stedfast devotion. 
 
 So, for a score of years, Pearce Rogers preached from this pulpit. 
 
 Then his voice was stilled, his work for Mine Hill was finished. 
 
 When Pearce Rogers was called to his rest, when ended his labors, 
 
 95 Doctor Halloway then, of Dover, for a brief season. 
 
 Took us under his wing and brought us teachers and preachers. 
 Hither came Hilliard Gage, a stripling then, full of promise. 
 Bringing the word of truth as taught in the School of the Prophets. 
 Elders Meeker and Ross from Dover Church put their shoulders 
 
 100 To our chariot wheels — their memory lingers among us. 
 
 Parson Todd, for a time, upheld us. Then Dominie Chambers 
 Took his place in the line of Apostolic Succession. 
 When to the little flock of stedfast souls on the hilltop 
 Dominie Chambers became shepherd of souls, but a remnant 
 
 105 Yet remained of those who had filled the church to the doorways. 
 "Hold fast !" now was the word, as Doctor Halloway put it. 
 When he preached on the hill at their twenty-fifth anniversary. 
 "Hold fast that which thou hast — no crowded meetings await you. 
 Here is no stately dome, no splendor of rites or of riches. 
 
 no Staying power is the test of faith and devotion and valor — 
 Sheer, unconquerable grit that stands by its guns undefeated 
 When the first glad cheers give way to the shock of the combat." 
 Such were the words of greeting that Doctor Halloway uttered 
 When to these wild, rough hills his brother pastor he welcomed. 
 
 115 Here for eighteen years, with quiet courage and patience. 
 
 Dominie Chaml^ers stood at his post and preached the pure Gospel. 
 Preachers, like works of art, are diflferent, not a mere copy 
 One of the other, and so the flock may thrive by the changes 
 Brought about by time and Providential disposing. 
 
 120 Son of a scholarly sire, of metropolitan nurture. 
 
 Versed in the lore of the schools, in art, in science, in letters, 
 Delver in genealogical mines, a local historian, 
 
173 
 
 Parliamentarian apt, in councils august presbyterial, 
 Weighing with critical judgment and philosophical insight 
 
 125 Arguments pro and con, and holding fast to the better, 
 
 Dominie Chambers made his mark, a man of broad culture, 
 Teaching by what he was, a man withal who could cherish 
 Friendships rooted deep, heartening, cordial, and lasting. 
 Not as a man of the mines, a miner to fellow miners, 
 
 130 Spake he to his flock, as did his good predecessor; 
 
 Times had changed and he wrought among a new generation. 
 Those who knew no birthplace beyond the billowy ocean, 
 Growing to manhood here, and womanhood, speaking our language. 
 Taught in American schools, and seeking other vocations, 
 
 135 Learning other ways than those of their fathers, the pilgrims — 
 These, the upspringing race, confronting new times and new notions. 
 Found in Dominie Chambers a leader and guide, an instructor. 
 Well abreast of his times, yet holding fast to the Saviour, 
 
 140 Steering by that Pole Star and never swept from his moorings 
 When the clear, firm faith that cheered the fathers was challenged. 
 Let me tell you now of a sermon that Dominie Chambers 
 Preached in his time : it pleased a friend and the sermon was printed. 
 So that we have his words: already Fve told you the story 
 
 145 Of one sermon preached in this Church— the Pleiades sermon. 
 Preached to men who were leaving their homes and the Church on 
 
 the hilltop. 
 Found in the ancient psalms, the text is now "A Church-goer" — 
 One who went up to the house of the Lord and worshipped with 
 
 gladness 
 When the tribes went up to praise the Lord in Mount Zion. 
 
 150 Climbing a hill was then a prelude to worship, a lifting 
 Up of the eyes to the heights, a drawing nearer to heaven, 
 Breathing a finer air with exhilaration of spirit. 
 Taking a wider view of life, rejoicing with others 
 In the name of the Lord, the fountain-head of thanksgiving. 
 
 155 Can we catch to-day, with all our inventions and progress — 
 Can we feel and value aright the perennial freshness 
 Of those age-old lyrics of worship sung on Mount Zion? 
 Human hearts were then as deeply thrilled, as responsive 
 To "the joy of the Lord" as now and uttered their praises 
 
 160 In as noble a song as any latter-day choral 
 
 Sung by a tuneful choir: we still repeat the old anthems. 
 Learning from ancient bards to join in hymning the goodness, 
 Loving kindness and mercies untold of God our Redeemer. 
 So the old tribes went up — Judah and Benjamin, joining 
 
 165 With their brethren — never so mighty, so glad, so united 
 
 As when they met in the Mount of the Lord and sought for his 
 blessing. 
 
 When on their waiting hearts the spirit descended, they cherished 
 
174 
 
 Memories of such hours as life's most precious possessions. 
 Is there still a way for us to seek and to find Him? 
 
 170 Are there heavenly gates that we may enter and stand there 
 Rapt in ecstasy keen as theirs, with faith as well founded ? 
 Yes, we may come to His house, may enter His other-world portals. 
 Not forgetting our work-a-day life, the duties that bind us 
 Close to our fellowmen, the human ties that unite us, 
 
 175 Like the tribes of old, in brotherhood — union ennobling! 
 Could all nations be led to one great Mount of Assembly, 
 Join in anthems sweet of brotherly kindness and worship. 
 Lift united hearts in prayer and praise to their Maker, 
 
 180 Where were then the strife, the envy, bloodshed, and hatred 
 Century-old — the curse that haunts man's history ever? 
 Pray for a City blest and well-compacted together. 
 Whither the tribes go up, where thrones are set, thrones of judg- 
 ment. 
 Pray for the peace that reigns within the portals of Zion, 
 
 185 Pray for the Coming of Him whose Word of Peace is Hope's 
 anchor. 
 Then shall this world return as the wandering Dove came to Noah, 
 Then shall the tribes of Earth be glad indeed when the Spirit, 
 Gift of Pentecost, shall dwell in the hearts of God's Children. 
 Such was the faith that was preached from this pulpit by Dominie 
 Chambers, 
 
 190 Leading his folk to the Mercy Seat of God our Redeemer. 
 
 Written for the Memorial Service of January 30, 1921. 
 
175 
 CEMETERIES 
 
 There are persons who remember that there was once a burying: 
 ground on Morris street, just about northeast of Ford's Pond. This 
 was done away with after the Dover Cemetery Association was organized 
 in 1854 under the Act of 1851. WilHam Young, the baker, of Dicker- 
 son street, had acquired a garden plot at the end of Orchard street. 
 When the Cemetery Association wished to acquire his garden plot to be 
 a part of the new cemetery, he relinquished it in exchange for two lots 
 on Orchard street. 
 
 The "first voters" of the new association were John Sandford, 
 Sidney Breese, Samuel Searing, Moses Hurd, Jabez Mills, Titus Berry,, 
 William A. Dickerson, Zenas Pruden, Jacob Segler, Aaron Doty, Byram 
 Pruden, Cornelius B. Gage, William Ford, Edward T. Thompson, Henry 
 D. Tuttle, Jabez L. Allen, James H. Neighbour. 
 
 William Young was made president. 
 
 At the present time (1922) A. Judson Coe is president, and Lyman 
 M. Smith is secretary -treasurer. 
 
 Locust Hill Cemetery Association was incorporated July 27, 1867, 
 Wm. W. Sickles has been president since 1902. Lawrence R. Hancy 
 is vice-president and Harry R. Gill, treasurer. The ground was form- 
 erly occupied in part by the Kelso family for their residence and garden. 
 The place was known as Kelso Hill. 
 
 One of the earliest graveyards about here was that of the Quakers 
 at Lampson's farm (1748) where there is now an apple orchard. The 
 graves, in accordance with Quaker custom, were not marked. All the 
 dead were laid to rest on terms of perfect equality, as far as the arrange- 
 ment of burial ground was concerned. A new burying ground was laid 
 out back of the new meeting house of 1758, about a mile west of the one 
 on Lampson's farm. Here, too, the graves showed no names marked on 
 headstones. But Mr. James Brotherton knew the name of each "by 
 heart." When he passed away the knowledge of names and locations 
 was lost. 
 
 To care for the meeting house of 1758 and the burying ground back 
 of it "The Friends' Meeting House and Cemetery Association of Ran- 
 dolph Township" was formed on 6th mo., 28th day, 1898. The Trustees 
 are at present: Eugene A. Carrell, president; Fred Hance, secretary; 
 Charles H. Brotherton, treasurer; Henry Alward, Wheeler Corwin, E. 
 Bertram Mott, Thomas Baker. 
 
176 
 
 THE MT. SINAI CEMETERY ASSOCIATION 
 
 The Dover Hel^rew Society was organized in 1882 with ten mem- 
 bers, as follows: L. D. Schwarz, George Feder, Wm. Simon. M. Kings- 
 burg. S. Battlestein, D. Less and H. Heiman of Dover; A. Kaufman 
 of Rockaway, George Harris of Boonton, and B. Fogelson of Stanhope. 
 
 A Sundav School was organized by the Society with twenty-two 
 children enrolled. The average attendance was twenty, that of the 
 Dover children beine 98 per cent. The Societ}- was in existence until 
 December 14th, 1886— four years; after which most of the original 
 members had moved away from Dover. There are now left but two of 
 the original members — Wm. Simon and H. Heiman. 
 
 In 1897 the Dover Hebrew Literary Society w^s organized with ten 
 charter members, as follows : S. Heller. Wm. Simon. H. Rassler. C. 
 Polasky. J. Lowrie. L. Shreur. P. Livingston, L. Livingston, and H. 
 Heiman. A few months later the membership was increased to twenty. 
 In May of the same year the Society gave its first strawberry festival, 
 which netted a fine profit. In Februarv\ 1898. the Society held its first 
 anniversary, which netted $110.03. ^^ ^^^-Y o^ the same year a deposit 
 of $175 was made in the Dover bank. The treasurer's report in July 
 showed receipts $311.37 and disbursements $109.66. leaving a balance 
 of $201.71. Part of the disbursements were for aid to poor families, 
 amongst whom were some of other faiths. 
 
 In September, 1899. the Society bought alwut two acres of ground 
 for a cemetery, for which was paid $250. Over $350 more was spent 
 on improvements. 
 
 In May, 1898, when the United States called out our boys for 
 service in the army, the Society was the first to appropriate $50 to 
 assist the families who were in need of help. 
 
 In September, 1899. the name of the Dover Hebrew Society was 
 changed to the "Mt. Sinai Association." In 1904 the Association donated 
 $75 to the Kishinefif relief fund and also helped many families who were 
 in need. 
 
 The officers of the Association are: Henry Heiman, president; 
 Abram Schoenbrun, vice-president; William Simon, treasurer, and 
 Alexander Davis, secretary. 
 
PART V 
 Military Organizations 
 
178 
 
 HYMN FOR INDEPENDENCE DAY 
 
 Lo ! 'tis the morning when Liberty rose. 
 
 Claiming her birthright, m}^ Country, in thee; 
 
 Liberty, child of a world's mighty throes, 
 Gift of the Father, who reigns ever free. 
 
 Far, from the East, see her banner advance. 
 Bright with the life-blood of heroes of old, 
 
 Fair with the hopes of the day's cloudless glance, 
 Gleaming with light from night's lamps manifold. 
 
 Welcome, glad welcome, from ocean's wild wave ! 
 
 Here plant thy banner our coasts to defend ! 
 Welcome, glad welcome our forefathers gave ; 
 
 Blessings for aye on our children descend ! 
 
 God of the nations, to Thee is our prayer; 
 
 Be Thou our helper, our guide evermore; 
 Grateful, we praise Thee ; O let us still share, 
 
 Share in Thy smile, as our fathers of yore. 
 
 God of the nations, we pray not alone 
 
 For the young land that our forefathers knew; 
 
 Far may Thy kingdom of mercy be known, 
 
 Wide as the sweep of Thy heaven's own blue ! 
 
y-'V" 
 
 179 
 
 MILITARY 
 
 The Colonial and early wars of our country have been fully 
 recorded in other books, accessible in our Public Library, such as 
 Stryker's ''Officers and Men of New Jersey in the Revolutionary War," 
 and Munsell's History of Morris County (1882). Rev. Joseph F. 
 Tuttle, D.D., of Rockaway, gathered up the Morris County traditions 
 and local legends of the French and Indian War and the Revokition. 
 Upon his work, chiefly, are based the "Ballads of New Jersey in the 
 Revolution," which narrate many of these stories of Morris County. In 
 "Dover Dates" we are giving material not published before. 
 
 Alonzo B. Searing tells how, as a boy. he used to v/alk from his; 
 home in Millbrook to attend the military parades held then in Succa- 
 sunna on patriotic holidays. There he would hear the orators of the: 
 day and see three veterans of the War of 1812 ride in the procession,, 
 v/hich was lead by a venerable veteran carrying on a pole a Liberty Cap 
 of red, white and blue. 
 
 The three veterans of 181 2 were Byram Pruden, James Ford, and 
 John D. Sickles, father of our veteran fireman, Wm. W. Sickles — all o£ 
 Dover. 
 
 General Winfield Scott, of the Mexican War, resided in Elizabeth,. 
 N. J., and there the author of "Dover Dates" has seen him ride out on 
 horseback or in a carriage drawn by a handsome pair of grays. My 
 grandfather was his family physician and I have dazzling recollections 
 of a brilliant "party" at the old mansion, which I attended when a child. 
 But in time the old mansion stood empty and deserted. We boys used 
 to climb up on the back porch roof and enter the second story windows^ 
 roaming about the vacuous rooms, almost fearing to see the old General 
 appear before us. We raised terrific warwhoops to keep up our courage. 
 But the echoes died away in desolation. Sic transit gloria inuiidi. 
 
 His mansion is now well preserved as one of the historic land- 
 marks of Elizabeth. 
 
 THE GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC 
 
 July 19, 1881, the Dover veterans of the Civil War instituted the 
 Major Anderson Post of the Grand Army of the Republic, naming it in 
 honor of the loyal commander of Fort Sumter. In a few years the 
 name was changed to "James McDavit Post," in honor of James Mc- 
 Davit of Dover, who was killed, at Chancellorsville, May 3, 1863, while 
 binding up the wounds of his commander. Captain Thomas J. Halsey. 
 
 There were twenty-eight charter members of the Post, of whom 
 three now survive — George H. Wolfe. James Brannin, and A. B. Sear- 
 ing. The Post now numbers sixteen members, who meet in March, 
 June, September, and December, on the second Friday of the month, 
 having the following officers : E. G. Rockwell, Commander ; A. B. Sear- 
 ing, Adjutant; and John Burrell, Quartermaster. 
 
T[8o 
 
 Alonzo B. Searing has long been the recognized historian of Dover's 
 part in the Civil War of the sixties. Many will remember his patriotic 
 addresses to our schools on Memorial Day occasions and the unaffected 
 ■eloquence with which he has told of Dover's share in preserving the 
 Union. "The History of the Eleventh New Jersey Regiment." by 
 •Sergeant Thomas D. Marbaker. of Trenton, formerly a resident of 
 Dover, contains material furnished by Mr. Searing, relating to men of 
 Dover who served in that regiment. 
 
 It has long been the wish of Mr. Searing's heart that a fitting monu- 
 ment should be erected by Dover and Randolph Township to the soldiers 
 of all wars from the Revolution to the present, and this wish was 
 expressed by him and others on our last Memorial Day, when the statue 
 for the soldiers of our late war was unveiled in Hurd Park. 
 
 An extract from a poem by our fellow townsman, Uzal Newton 
 Crane, well expresses the sentiments that have long been cherished by 
 our Memorial Day Exercises in honor of the Grand Army of the 
 •Republic. 
 
 OUR FALLEN HEROES 
 
 Cover their dust with the brightest flowers blooming, 
 Affection so deep the cold world has ne'er known; 
 
 'Twill live in some hearts till Time, all-consuming. 
 Effaces all epitaphs graven in stone. 
 
 Children unborn shall yet rise to succeed us, 
 
 And heap up new honors where sleep the brave slain, 
 
 Who saw but decay where disunion would lead us, 
 But Liberty's tomb when our land lay in twain. 
 
 Deck ye their dust! the dire conflict is over, 
 The warriors are mute to the madness of war ; 
 
 Peace, like a halo, around them doth hover, 
 She beams in our skies as a bright polar star. 
 
 Strewn be their beds with floral profusion. 
 
 From Green Mountains down to the stormy Gulf -side, 
 
 They gave not their lives to giddy delusion. 
 Nor mighty ambition, as monarchs have died. 
 
 Theirs was the task which the right ever urges. 
 Incumbent on all loyal men to uphold — 
 
 Strewn be their graves from Atlantic's long surges 
 To far California's famed flowers and gold ! 
 
 Soft be the dirge o'er the soldiers' low pillows. 
 
 Bright the banners that wave while the blossoms ye strew ; 
 Firm as the rocks by the storm-beaten billows 
 
 May the North and the South stand united and true ! 
 
 May, 1878. 
 
i8i 
 
 THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR, 1898 
 
 From a tattered copy of "The Morris Journal," of May 5. 1898, we 
 glean a few facts about Dover in the Spanish-American War. This 
 information is eked out by a little pamphlet, "Roster and Addresses of 
 the Second New Jersey Volunteer Infantry in the Spanish-American 
 War, 1898," printed at Paterson, N. J. 
 
 The Dover men belonged to Company M, having the following 
 officers: Captain, Edward L. Petty; First Lieutenant, John W. Roff; 
 Second Lieutenant, Ernest W. Goodell ; First Sergeant, Adelbert P. 
 McDavit ; Quartermaster Sergeant, V/arren Surnburger ; Sergeants, 
 Charles F. Roderer. Arthur D. Kelly. Ernest C. Dalzell, John Koerferl. 
 With the Dover men were a few men from Morristown and other places, 
 making eighty-five privates and twenty-five others — officers, corporals, 
 artificer, wagoner, and musicians. 
 
 The Regiment Adjutant was Captain John T. Hilton of Paterson, 
 N. J. The Colonel of the regiment was Edwin W. Hine of Orange, 
 N. J. A "Brief History" included in the Roster informs us that this 
 regiment was organized in Passaic, Bergen, Essex, and Morris Counties, 
 with headquarters at Paterson. It arrived at Sea Girt, May 2, 1898, and 
 was mustered into the United States service May 13, 14, and i.S, (898. 
 Left Sea Girt, June i. 1898, and arrived at Camp Cuba Libre, Jackson- 
 ville, Fla., June 3, 1898. Was assigned to the First Brigade. Second 
 Division, Seventh Army Corps, commanded by Major General Fitzhugh 
 Lee. Remained at Camp Cuba Libre until September 2, 1898. 
 
 Owing to the large number sick v/ith tyohoid fever the regiment left 
 Florida, September 20, T8q8. and arrived at Sea Girt. September 22, 
 as per orders from the War Department, to be mustered out. The regi- 
 ment was finally mustered out November 17. 1898. 
 
 On Monday, May second, Company M left Dover for Sea Girt. 
 The streets were early astir with people. Flags were flying. Photog- 
 raphers and amateurs were taking pictures. At the armory, soon after 
 eight o'clock, the men fell into line and the roll was called. Chaplain 
 McCormick. in behalf of William S. Collard, presented a beautiful 
 American flag. Three cheers were given for the flag, three for Company- 
 M. three for Captain Petty, three for the officers. Captain Petty then 
 called on Dr. David Spencer for a parting word to the Company. He 
 based his remarks on the name "Company M," of which he made an 
 acrostic. •■' 
 
 C is for Country, the whole country. 
 
 O is for Obedience. 
 M is for Mettle. 
 
 P is for Patriotism. 
 
 A is for American, the American continent, which takes in the United 
 States and Cuba, too, for right and humanity. 
 
 N Notable. You are a notable Company. 
 
 Y Yankee, which used to stand for excellence, as "A Yankee good 
 soldier." , 
 
 M stands for Manhood. You comprise the manhood of Dover. 
 
5[82 
 
 The Armory was a large biiildino^. once used as a skating rink, 
 occupying the ground where Birch & Basset's garage and the "Index;" 
 office now are, on Essex street. Here Company I\I had been accustomed 
 to meet and drill before the war was thought of. 
 
 The line of march from the armory was led by the Enterprise 
 Band, followed by Chief of Police Hagan and assistaiit IVIcElroy. 
 McDavitt Post G. A. R. was the escort of honor. It was a hue sight to 
 see the veterans of '6i with their magnificent Post flag, leading off the 
 *'boys of '98." Then followed the Dover Council No. 6, O. U. A. yi.. 
 and a large concourse of citizens with Mayor Pierson in the front line. 
 The route taken was out Essex to Blackwell, up Blackvv^ell to Warren, 
 up Warren to the depot. 
 
 Farewells were soon spoken. The 9:45 train was taken. Atta^h'^d 
 to it were tv/o cars of the Pennsylvania Railroad on v/hich Company M 
 were to go through to Sea Girt. The train was in charge of Conductor 
 James McKay, en<rineer Michael Dunn, fireman Michael Duy, with 
 Fred Stager, Al Weaver and Ed Streeter as members of the crew. 
 With the American flag in front and the American and Cuban flags in 
 the rear the train moved out amid tears and cheers, the musi: of the 
 band and the waving of flags, hats, and handkerchiefs. 
 
 In connection with the departure of Company M the incident of 
 the peanut stand, recalled by many, caused great excitement. A for- 
 eigner who kept a peanut stand on Warren street by the Baker Building, 
 when he saw the men of Company M marching in the street, said that 
 he hoped they would never live to return from the war. This was 
 afterwards acknowledged by the man. Mr. W. H. Baker ordered him 
 to remove his troods from the cellar of the Baker Building. Mayor 
 Ferdinand Wolfe ordered him to remove his stand from the street. 
 Eventually some of the young men and boys in town battered down his 
 stand and burned it as Company M was marching by to the railroad 
 station. The ofifender escaped. 
 
 While the Dover men saw no active servi-^e in the v/ar of iSriS, they 
 received drill and experience of camp life. This military drill and expe- 
 rience came into play later in a way never anticipated at the time of the 
 Cuban war. Lieut. Roff of Company M organized a company of boys 
 and young men, entitled The Ploagland Guards, whom he drilled in the 
 rooms of the Hoagland Memorial Church. Many of those who received 
 this instruction became officers in the war of 191 7, and took part either in 
 the operations of the regular army or in drilling our Home Defense 
 companies, as shown in their history. Others, not in the Hoagland 
 Guards, but having been drilled in 1898, hel])ed drill the men of 191 7. 
 Thomas J. Conlan, David W. Heiman, and A. P. McDavitt helped 
 organize our first Home Defense League, and Obadiah S. Parker, Jr. 
 served as Second Lieutenant of the Militia Reserves throughout the war 
 of 1917-19. 
 
 The columns of "The Morris Journal" contain poems expressing 
 the sentiment of the time. We quote the following stanzas from a poem 
 by Peter Egbert Galligan of Boonton: 
 
y^ . 183 
 
 THE MARCH OF THE FREE 
 
 From the northland and the southland, 
 
 From the east and from the west, 
 From the nohle Alleghanies, 
 
 To the Rockies' snow-capped crest. 
 
 From the glowing hills of vintage, 
 
 From beside the sunny sea, 
 We are marching on to Cuba 
 
 'Neath the flag of liberty. 
 
 We are marching forward ever 
 
 With our standard to the air. 
 And its crimsoned bars of glory 
 
 With the stars float freely there. 
 
 And the winds that rule the forest. 
 
 With the winds that rule the sea, 
 Tell the story of our mission — 
 
 "We are come to make man free." 
 
 The men of Company M did not get to the front. Their worst 
 enemies were the typhoid fly, rations unfit to eat, ignorance, incompetence 
 and neglect as shown in camp management. Company M had a good 
 officer in Captain Petty, who did his best for his men. Lieutenant John 
 W. Roff proved himself a competent and faithful officer, always study- 
 ing to improve and caring for his men. Quartermaster Warren Surn- 
 burger did all he could to make the best of things and when the Gov- 
 ernment sent on 100 pound boxes of baking soda to feed the hungry men, 
 he succeeded in trading it off at the corner grocery for something more 
 satisfying. This is only one instance of the continual battle for food. 
 Camp sanitation was at its worst. 
 
 Governor Foster W. Voorhees saw that our men received full 
 equipment, even to overcoats, before they reached the balmy climate of 
 Florida. These blue overcoats with bright brass buttons were quite 
 ornamental when strapped outside of the knapsacks, and carried on the 
 back. Some regiments were not nearly as well equipped as the Second 
 New Jersey. The Southerners were amazed at the toggery of Company 
 M, including those overcoats. "Where be you uns all from?" they said. 
 Answer : "From New Jersey." Reply : "What State is New Jersey in ?" 
 
 When the men were mustered out and reached home they looked 
 like skeletons. 
 
 The experiences of this war led to some needed reforms in the 
 military service. The lessons of the Russo-Japanese War and the Boer 
 War were also observed, leading to other changes in tactics, equipment, 
 and sanitation. Even then, our peaceful pre-occupations and purposes 
 left us almost defenceless at the outbreak of hostilities in Europe in 1914. 
 
lS4 
 
 Quartermaster Warren. Surnburger did his utmost to provide for 
 and care for his men, by securing suitable food and accommodations. 
 On their first trip to Florida they suffered greatly for want of eatable 
 rations. You should hear Sergeant Surnburger give his personal 
 reminiscences of their experience. I have tried to get him to write them 
 out for this book. Like all Dover people he is "very busy." What he 
 can tell in an hour would make a long story. Among other things he tells 
 how grateful the men were for certain money raised by the people of 
 Dover for their benefit, which helped them to reach home alive after 
 long sickness. The people of Morristown sent down a box filled with 
 all sorts of articles which added greatly to the comfort of the men while 
 in camp. 
 
 But the other side of the story — the lack of sanitation, the mis- 
 management, the downright dishonesty encountered in many ways — 
 was no credit to our country. 
 
 THE BOYS' BRIGADE 
 
 Bv H. Miller Roff 
 
 J. Wesley Roff was First Lieutenant of Company M, the Second 
 Regiment of the New Jersey Volunteers and served in the Spanish- 
 American War in 1898, enlisting May 2, discharged November 17, 1898. 
 Believing in the need of a military company in Dover, having seen the 
 necessity of trained soldiers during his soldier life in the United States 
 Army, upon his return he made plans for an organization of such a 
 character in Dover. 
 
 Lieutenant Roff was janitor of the Memorial Presbyterian Church, 
 in which church the military company was formed. He was also State 
 Corresponding Secretary of the Y. M. C. A. A few boys whom Mr. Roff 
 knew at the time were taken and on October 13, 1899, a company was 
 formed with eleven members, being boys whose ages ranged from 
 twelve to fourteen years. A boy who was big for his age would be 
 permitted to join under the age of twelve, but the minimum for the 
 average built boy was that age, accepting youth of any church denomina- 
 tion or nationality, despite the fact that all drills and entertainments. 
 were held under the roof of the Presbyterian Church. The trustees of 
 the church gave the boys the use of the lecture room in the church and 
 built gun racks for them. 
 
 The boys' first guns were made of wood. Better guns and regula- 
 tion rifles were obtained later. The organization was named the "Boys'" 
 Brigade." The membership grew to nearly two hundred members, 
 maintaining the policy of allowing any boy to join with the consent of 
 his parents. The reason why the church took such an interest in this- 
 work was that a number of attempts had been made to form an unde- 
 nominational Men's Club. Although such plans failed, the Boys' Brigade- 
 carried out this purpose in a different way. 
 
 The organization grew to such numbers that two companies were 
 formed, known as Company A and Company B. Later a third company 
 
i85 
 
 had to be formed, known as Company C. Later on, as the boys in 
 Company A were becoming men, the older ones formed an artillery 
 company known as Battery A, all of the companies being under command 
 of Lieutenant Roff. 
 
 The honorary title of "Colonel" was bestowed upon Mr. Roff by 
 the meml)ers in the late years of the organization. Meanwhile, because 
 the boys were well on into manhood and because the organization was so 
 closely associated with the church, the name of the Boys' Brigade was 
 changed to "The Hoagland Guards," which was taken from Hudson 
 Hoagland, the donor of the church, who had done so much for the boys 
 during his lifetime. 
 
 When organized but a year the Hoagland Guards went into camp 
 and continued to do so each year until they disbanded in 191 1. For 
 four years they encamped at Budd Lake and for a few years they went 
 to Lake Hopatcong; but in the later years Budd Lake was chosen as 
 the most suitable place. They named their camp "Camp Hoagland." It 
 attracted much attention among summer visitors, receiving favorable 
 comment. Because of their youthfulness full military discipline was not 
 adhered to. 
 
 From the beginning of the organization Annual Inspections were 
 held, showing the progress made. All kinds of drilling, games, and 
 exhibitions were featured in these annual events. An Annual Bazaar, 
 held in the rear of the church, was another event always looked forward 
 to by the boys. 
 
 The organization of two basketl)all teams was a big addition to the 
 athletic activities, a gymnasium having been provided for in the church 
 when it was built. Later on, the old church, then known as Library Hall, 
 was used for drilling and athletic work. They also had a baseball team. 
 Both the basketball and baseball teams were very successful in their 
 exhibitions, having won many laurels, accepting in good nature also a 
 number of defeats. 
 
 As the boys proceeded in their vv^ork, those best fitted were advanced 
 in rank to be corporals, sergeants, lieutenants, and so on until some were 
 made honorary majors. 
 
 The organization was practically self-supporting, but so popular 
 that citizens suggested regular subscriptions. Through their own efforts 
 they were fully equipped and, after they were disbanded, these boys left 
 with such qualifications for military life that some of them, in the late 
 World War, were immediately promoted to be commissioned and non- 
 commissioned officers. They gained additional training in the Dover 
 Guards and Plome Defense League, becoming officers in both of these 
 organizations. The following is a list of men so promoted from time 
 to time : 
 
 Dr. A. A. L. Baker Benjamin Hosking 
 
 Coleridge H. Benedict, Jr. Jeffrey Hosking 
 
 Raymond Cox Orray Ayres 
 
 George R. Flartey Martin Schimmel 
 
 Charles A. Gillen Horace WoodhuU 
 
 Sidnev M. Gillen 
 
i86 
 
 Thomas Swayze H. Miller Roff 
 
 James Armitage Harold Richards 
 
 William Rule Carl Searing 
 
 Edgar Parker Raymond Stringer 
 
 Fred H. Roff Wm. Turner 
 Roy H. Parcell 
 
 THE DOVER GUARD 
 By Edward W. Larsen 
 
 On February 7th, 1916, thirteen men met at The Baker Theater 
 Annex for the purpose of forming a local military company. Rev. T. J. 
 Winslade presided at the meeting, at which time plans were discussed 
 and such enthusiasm was manifested that offi:crs were elected and 
 committees appointed to proceed with the organization. 
 
 The following officers were nominated and elected : Captain, H. 
 J. Hasselbauer; First Lieuetenant, Wm. J. Robertson; Second Lieuten- 
 ant, R. E. Stringer; Chaplain. T. J. Winslade; Adjutant, H. J. Sutton. 
 
 The committee appointed to secure quarters were successful in 
 obtaining Roth's Hall at the corner of Blackwell and Essex streets for 
 drill and meeting purposes. 
 
 At the second meeting held a week later, there were about fifty 
 young men who signified their intention of joining the company and the 
 first drill was conducted that night. It was at a business meeting held 
 after this first drill that the name ''The Dover Guard" was adopted. 
 
 Rifles were l)orrowed from the Hoagland Memorial Church, uni- 
 forms were shortly secured, each memlDcr paying for his own, and the 
 work of drilling v/as begun in earnest. 
 
 The organization grew with leaps and bounds and in a short while 
 it was decided to split the company and form a battalion. The election 
 of officers for the battalion resulted as follows : 
 
 Major, H. J. Hasselbauer; Adjutant, H. J. Sutton; Chaplain, T. J. 
 Winslade ; Captain Co. A., Wm. J. Robertson ; First Lieutenant, E. W. 
 Larsen ; Second Lieutenant, R. E. Stringer ; Captain Co. B., A. L. L. 
 Baker; First Lieutenant, Edgar Parker. 
 
 The plans of The Dover Guard having worked out so well, neigh- 
 boring towns were asked to form companies and invited to join with 
 ours in forming a regiment. At a meeting held in Hotel Dover, a regi- 
 ment was formed and was to be known as The New Jersey Civic Reserve. 
 Major Plasselbauer was elevated to the colonelship of the regiment. 
 This necessitated an election for Major in The Dover Guard, to which 
 position Captain Robertson was promoted. E. W. Larsen was advanced 
 to the captaincy of Company A, and R. E. Stringer to First Lieutenant. 
 The Life of The N. J. Civic Reserve was not long, however; but The 
 Dover Guard continued to flourish under the able leadership of Major 
 Robertson. 
 
i87 
 
 Shortly after' the formation of The Dover Guard, it became affili- 
 ated with The National Rifle Association, through which five Krag rifles 
 and I20 rounds of ammunition per man were secured. A recjulation 
 rifle range was constructed on Captain Baker's property at Millbrook. 
 Once each week the members of the companies would participate in 
 rifle practice and, to stimulate interest in shooting, contests were held 
 between the two companies. 
 
 At the time of the entrance of the United States into the war, the 
 Dover Guard at the request of Mayor Whitham, undertook the duty of 
 guarding the town's water works. It was here that the young men of 
 the Dover Guard received much of the training which Ijenefited them so 
 much, v/hen later they entered the national service. Each night a squad 
 of men was detailed to each of the water plants and their tour of guard 
 duty vv^r.s carried out as near to that prescril)ed by the War Department 
 as it was possible to do. 
 
 Mayor Whitham, appreciating the work of these young men, called 
 a meeting of the citizens of Dover, who subscribed enough money to 
 equip the company with Krag rifles and woolen uniforms. The first 
 appearance of the Dover Guard in their new uniforms and rifles was on 
 the Fourth of July and received much applause and commendation for 
 their splendid military behaviour. 
 
 The Dover Guard v.'-as very prominent in all the Liberty Loan and 
 Red Cross drives and there never was a detachment of Dover men to 
 leave for Camp Dix, but what the Dover Guard was on hand to escort 
 them to the depot. 
 
 Scores of 3'oung men received their first military training in the 
 Dover Guard, who upon their arrival at the training camps were imme- 
 diately taken out of the rooky squads and made corporals and in some 
 cases sergeants. 
 
 Some time before Captain Baker was commissioned in the Regular 
 Army his infantry company in the Guard was made into a Battery. 
 Possession was gotten of a field piece lielonging to the State and in 
 custody of Ex-assemblyman J. J. Vreeland. 
 
 Major Robertson remained in command of the Dover Guard until 
 the formation of Company D, N. J. State Militia. All the officers 
 entered the services of the State, except Captain Larsen, who remained 
 with the few who did not or could not join the Militia. 
 
 A reorganization of the Guard was efifected and the work of pre- 
 liminar}' training was again started and became so efficient that it was 
 looked upon as a sort of training school for the State and Government 
 forces. Captain Larsen was very ably assisted in the later work of the 
 Dover Guard by First Lieutenant Floyd Hann and Second Lieutenant 
 Lloyd Reeves, together with a splendid corps of noncommissioned offi- 
 cers. When its ranks were depleted by enlistments to the militia and 
 the army the Dover Guard was disbanded and its equipment turned over 
 to the town officials. 
 
i88 
 
 DOVER'S HOME DEFENSE LEAGUE 
 
 When the strained relations between the United States and the 
 Central Powers were gradually reaching the breaking point early in 
 March, 1917, a group of patriotic citizens met with the Mayor and 
 Board of Aldermen to discuss the subject of a Home Defense League. 
 Following several informal meetings it was decided to arrange a mass 
 meeting for April 12, 1917, in the Northside School auditorium. More 
 than five hundred citizens attended. Mayor Richard W. Whitham 
 w'as elected president ; Robert Richards, vice-president ; George R. 
 Flartey, secretary ; and Charles S. Clark, treasurer. 
 
 On the date wdien war was declared between the United States 
 and Germany, April 6, 191 7, nearly eight hundred persons crowded 
 into Elite Hall, where stirring addresses were made, committees 
 appointed and subscriptions totaling $4,622.43 offered toward a fund 
 to properly arm and equip the members of the military companies to 
 be formed for the defense of the town in case of emergency. The 
 by-laws of the organization stated the subject as follows: "The object 
 shall be the preservation of life and property of the citizens of the 
 town, to assist the Mayor and Board of Aldermen in promoting peace 
 and harmony, and for such other legitimate and patriotic purposes as 
 may develop from time to time, excepting industrial disputes." 
 
 Within three weeks following the Declaration of War, four com- 
 panies of Home Guards were organized. Regular drills were held, 
 uniforms procured, and rifles and ammunition provided. .\ military 
 census was conducted by the league and assistance was rendered in 
 the registration of men between the ages of twenty-one and thirty-one 
 on June 5, 1917. Alderman William 'J\ Ayer assisted I'.Iayor Whitham 
 in the formation of the four military companies, which were designated 
 as follows : 
 
 Company A — Captain J. E. Brown ; Company B — Captain C. H. 
 Benedict, Jr. ; Company C — Captain Sidney M. Gillen ; Company D — 
 Captain George R. Flartey. The battalion commander was Adelbert 
 P. McDavit, with the rank of major, and his adjutant was Captain 
 Harry J. Hasselbauer. Later Captain Hasselbauer succeeded Major 
 McDavit, who resigned. 
 
 The funds subscribed by the townspeople were expended for uni- 
 forms, rifles, ammunition, etc. The League rendered every assist- 
 ance possible to the Second Selective Service Board of Morris County. 
 The military units v/ere in readiness at all times to respond to riot 
 calls, conduct secret work for the town, state and nation, and to 
 co-operate with the police department in every wav possible. 
 
 Enlistments in the army and navy, combined v/ith the formation 
 of a national guard company and the operations of the Selective Serv- 
 ice law, depleted the ranks of the four companies until but one com- 
 pany remained. This company was placed in command of Captain 
 C. H. Benedict, Jr., and his appointment was confirmed by the mem- 
 bers at an election held in Elite Hall. This company became affiliated 
 
i89 
 
 with the State military forces early in 1918 and its achievements are 
 presented in detail by Captain Benedict elsewhere in this book. 
 
 The record of Dover's citizens during the period of the World 
 War, as revealed in their interest in the Home Defense League, was 
 very commendable, and while a great amount of the work proved to 
 be precautionary, the unanimous support of the townspeople was 
 given. Dover's citizens responded in every way possible to the suc- 
 cessful prosecution of the war, and the results were very gratifying 
 to the state and national defense organizations. The record achieved 
 is one which stands out in the history of Dover as an example of 
 patriotism. The degree of success attained in every department of 
 war work showed to the world that Dover w^as "doing its bit." It 
 was a period when men put aside all pleasure and made sacrifices 
 in their business and at home to stand ready to lend a hand in the 
 defeat of autocracy. 
 
 When the glad tidings were flashed across the seas that the war 
 had ended, the Home Defense League arranged a Peace Day Celebra- 
 tion and while hundreds of our own Dover soldier boys, with the 
 great army of four million Americans, turned their thoughts to home 
 and family and friends, our townspeople enjoyed a celebration which 
 will never be forgotten by those who participated. 
 
 In closing it is the sincere wish of the writer that you, dear reader, 
 will never forget those brave lads who gave their lives that we might 
 live. Nor can you forget the disabled, who are the living monu- 
 ments of the heroic deeds of America's part in the war. 
 
 George R. Flartey, Secretary. 
 
 THE DOVER HOME GUARDS 
 
 Early in the summer of 1917 there were organized five companies 
 of Home Guards, as follows: 
 
 Company A — A. P. McDavit, Captain ; Thomas Conlan, First 
 Lieutenant ; D. W. Heiman, Second Lieutenant. 
 
 Company B — C. H. Benedict, Jr., Captain ; O. S. Parker, First 
 Lieutenant; Benj. Hosking, Second Lieutenant. 
 
 Company C — John DeB. Vreeland, Captain. 
 
 Company D — Jesse Bennett, Captain. 
 
 Company E — Geo. R. Flartey, Captain. 
 
 These companies were drilled in the streets at night, also in 
 Moller Hall on Sussex street. Unifonns were secured by popular 
 subscription. 
 
 The several companies were organized into a battalion with Cap- 
 tain McDavit as major, Lieutenant Conlan taking his place as Captain 
 of Company A. Lieutenant H. J. Hasselbauer was appointed adjutant. 
 Captain Conlan resigned his command and Captain Brown took his 
 place. Captain Brown being sent out of town by the Government 
 as a powder inspector. Captain Sebring was elected in his place. 
 
 October 29th a meeting was held in the Alunicipal Building and the 
 
190 
 
 five companies were re-organized into two companies, A and C form- 
 ing a new A company, Captain Sebring; Lieutenant D. W. Heiman; 
 B, D and E fonning a new B company, C. H. Benedict, Jr.. Captain; 
 H. J. Hasselbauer, First Lieutenant; O. S. Parker, Second Lieutenant. 
 
 About this time the State offered recognition and help to those 
 Home Defense Units which would recruit up to sixty-two men and 
 take the oath of enlistment. At a meeting of Companies A and B held 
 January 21, 1918, it was decided to form one company to be known 
 as the Dover Home Guard, S. M. R. Captain C. H. Benedict, Jr., 
 was elected Captain, H. J. Hasselbauer, First Lieutenant, and O. S. 
 Parker, Second Lieutenant. A recruiting campaign v.'as started and 
 the necessary men (fifty-nine men and three officers) were enlisted 
 and mustered in, June 6th, 19 18, by Lieutenant Ray Stringer of Com- 
 pany D, S. M., as mustering officer. 
 
 At this time, by request of Captain Benedict, a Lieutenant Scott 
 of the 42nd Regiment, U. S. A., was detailed by Col. Daimler to assist 
 in the formation and drilling of the company. This company was 
 active in all Liberty Loan campaigns, Y. M. C. A. or Red Cross Drives, 
 furnished an escort for all drafted men leaving for camp, took part 
 in all parades, was reviewed by Gov. Edge at Branch Brook Park, 
 September 15th, 191 8, going to and from Newark by trolley. 
 
 November 10, 191 8, was spent at the Navy Rifle Range at Cald- 
 well, N. J., where a number of the men qualified as marksmen and 
 sharpshooters. 
 
 The company held a smoker in Elite Hall. March 17, 1919, which 
 was greatly enjoyed by the members and on April 28th, 19 19, a dance 
 was given for members and their ladies. It was largely attended 
 and everyone had a fine time. 
 
 While this company never had any active duty to perform, it 
 was held ready to mobilize at a few hours' notice, and in case of riot 
 or other trouble it was ready to answer at once, the riot call to be 
 given on the fire alarm. 
 
 Privates Edward Lynn and Wallace Hall died while active mem- 
 bers of this company and were given appropriate burial. 
 
 After the Amiistice was signed between the Allies and Germany 
 and the country began to resume its way of peace, permission to muster 
 out was requested from the Governor. It was granted and the com- 
 pany was mustered out by its officers under orders from the Adjutant 
 General's Office, dated August 28th, 1919, and the officers who were 
 commissioned by the Governor were given their honorable discharge. 
 
 C. H. Benedict, Jr. 
 
191 
 
 BATTERY D„ 308 FIELD ARTILLERY 
 
 In the World War of 1914 to 1918, Dover furnished one of the 
 most important fighting units in the United States Army, "Battery 
 D, 308 Field Artillery.'' Being composed of the first body of Selected 
 Service Men to leave this town, it always seemed fitting and proper 
 that this should be called Dover's Battery. 
 
 The War Department did not sanction the naming of these units 
 after the towns from which they came ; but the men in the Battery, 
 as well as the people in their home town, always felt that this particu- 
 lar company represented Dover, as being the first body of men to go 
 to War. 
 
 On September loth, 1917, ninety-seven of these men left the 
 town for service in France. After a hard and strenuous training, 
 covering a period of nine months, they were ready for the trip to 
 Europe to engage in the deadly conflict. During the last few days 
 in camp on this side seventy-nine of these men were transferred to 
 other units of the Army, leaving only eighteen of the original men 
 from Dover in the outfit, all of whom were Non-Commissioned Officers. 
 In this depleted condition, it became necessary to fill the vacancies with 
 other men from all over the United States ; but as the governing body 
 were all Doverites, the same old feeling prevailed. 
 
 On May 25th, 1918, they boarded the Transport in New York 
 harbor and sailed away. Braving ithe deadly submarines and terrific 
 ocean storms for twelve days and nights, they landed at Liverpool, 
 England. After a short stay of three days in that country they were 
 transported across the English Channel, then infested with submarines 
 and the deadly mines which the Germans had succeeded in planting 
 in the waters of this section. They landed at the French seaport of 
 La Havre. From here they were conveyed across the country to 
 the ancient city of Vannes, on the Bay of Morbihan. 
 
 At this place the Chinese coolies had erected barracks for the 
 American forces. After a very intensive training in the arts and 
 science of modern warfare, they proceeded to the front and took 
 their places alongside the other American troops in the Toul Sector, 
 directly in front of the heavily fortified city of Metz, in Alsace Lorraine. 
 This ancient city had been captured by the Germans in 1914 and the 
 inhabitants had sufifered untold hardships at the hands of their captors 
 for this long period. 
 
 Equipped with the famous French 75 cannons and a small supply 
 of anmiunition, the Dover boys fired their first shot into the German 
 lines on the eighth day of August, 1918. It did not take the enemy 
 long to answer them, as they knew some one had called on them and 
 intended to stay awhile. From the first hour after their arrival on 
 the front, the Germans kept up a continuous fire on the Dover Battery, 
 trying to force them to retreat. But I am proud to say that they had 
 not heard the meaning of this word. Fortune spared the men in this 
 position, as none were killed or wounded here. No advance worth 
 
192 
 
 mentioning took place at this particular point, until the morning of 
 September 13th, when the greatest drive of the American Forces began. 
 
 Starting at promptly one o'clock in the morning, all the guns on 
 the American front let loose their rain of shot and shell. High 
 explosive, deadly gas, shrapnel and murderous bombs were showered 
 on the German lines for a period of six hours, for the purpose of 
 wiping out the wire entanglements and concealed mines that the 
 Germans had prepared for the trapping of our infantrymen, as they 
 went over the top. At exactly seven o'clock the Artilleries stopped 
 firing and the brave and dauntless heroes, the infantrymen, climbed 
 out of their tenches and dashed into the enemies lines. The hand 
 to hand encounters for life and death began. A few of the remaining 
 Germans put up a stiff battle, but, owing to the tremendous number 
 of Americans opposing them, were easily defeated. A large number 
 were killed and wounded. At exactly eleven o'clock in the morning, 
 just four hours after the infantry had gone over the top. a strip of 
 enemy territory eighteen miles long and fifteen miles wide had been 
 taken by the Yankees, together with eighteen thousand prisoners. To 
 have stood along the road-sides and observed the long lines of German 
 prisoners being marched to the prison camps in the rear, one thought 
 was, that the war was over and that Germany was calling on France. 
 This particular battle was known as the St. Mihiel. The French had 
 held the enemy in this location for a period of four years, not having 
 been able, in all that time to drive them back. 
 
 On Svmday evening, September 15th, 1918, at ten o'clock, this 
 Battery suft'ered its first heavy loss. By getting on a strange road in 
 taking up an advanced position, they suddenly found themselves in 
 No Man's Land, with their own infantry behind, and the Germans all 
 around them. Hemmed in on either side by the enemy, and unable 
 to turn back on account of the road being too narrow to turn the 
 guns around, they were discovered by the German Batteries, who 
 immediately began shelling them. In this predicament the men were 
 subjected to a rain of shells and gas for the space of thirty minutes. 
 While the Germans had no direct aim on them, on account of the 
 darkness, nevertheless they were accurate enough with their fire to 
 kill nine men and wound seven, also killing nineteen horses and wound- 
 ing ten more. Orders were immediately given to unhitch the remain- 
 ing horses and advance. Going ahead a few yards, the battery 
 discovered an old stone quarry that afforded protection for the men 
 and horses. Here they were safe until morning. When daylight 
 came the enemy saw that these men were virtually held prisoners, 
 only the Germans were afraid to take the chance of coming out of 
 their trenches to capture them, as they would be immediately fired 
 upon by the other artillery batteries in the rear. Sending out a few 
 scouting parties, the officers of the battery discovered a few aban- 
 doned dugouts, built by Germans, and lately evacuated by them in the 
 St. Mihiel drive. Making a run for these in full view of the enemy, 
 they succeeded in getting tlie men and horses safely out of sight of 
 
193 
 
 the German gunners, staying here for three days and two nights, 
 during which time the only food they ate was a few hard tack and 
 some canned beef that some of the men were fortunate enough to have 
 carried with them. On the night of September the i8th, they were 
 rescued by the 303rd Engineer Regiment connected wdth their Divi- 
 sion. During the short stay in this confined position they suffered the 
 loss of five more men, who were killed trying to bring water to the 
 horses from the Moselle River, whose opposite bank was lined with 
 the enemies' machine gunners. 
 
 The following day an attack was made on the enemy, who were 
 driven back far enough to enable the battery to obtain their guns and 
 ammunition that had been abandoned several nights before in their 
 haste. After repairing the damage done to these* and filling the places 
 of the men who had been killed and wounded, they resumed firing on the 
 enemy. 
 
 The next battle fought in this territory was the Suppe-Moselle, 
 •during which Battery D drove the enemy back three miles nearer 
 Berlin in a single night. 
 
 From this position in Alsace Lorraine they moved to the Argonne 
 Forest, at that time thickly populated with the best German and Prus- 
 sian forces. The losses in this particular drive were terriffic, as the 
 enemy had stored up enough ammunition and guns to blow up the 
 earth. No one who was not there has any conception of the losses 
 suffered by the American forces and the gallant men who laid down 
 their lives for the defeat of German Rule. In the first charge the 
 ground was covered with dead American and French soldiers. But by 
 the tenacity of the men, anxious for revenge, this vast woodland or 
 jungle was cleaned out in the space of about twelve days' time. 
 
 The next battle for the Dover men was at Chattel Cherey, a small 
 ammunition center occupied by some captive French peasants and 
 German oificers. This town is situated along the southern border of 
 Belgium. After three days more of hard fighting they advanced to 
 within one kilometer of the ancient city of Grand Pre. This old his- 
 torical town had not suffered a large amount of shell fire, as the French 
 officers wanted to spare it. This information reached the Germans, 
 who massed their reserves and determined to hold it at any cost. 
 In the course of fighting their way through the batteries of machine 
 guns, secreted in concrete vaults and steel-clad dugouts, the 3ogth and 
 310th Infantry Brigades suffered the heaviest losses in the entire time 
 the Americans were on the front. The writer of this article, Sergeant 
 Stewart Kahler, being an eye witness to this terrible slaughter, reports 
 that the street running through the center of this town was almost a 
 river of human blood, and that the bodies of the Newark men were 
 piled in rows as a inowing machine cuts the grain in furrows. The 
 Germans lost very few men, as they were concealed in these bullet- 
 proof hiding places and fired on the advancing troops without stopping, 
 until either killed or captured. Filling up the gaps with reserves, 
 rushed to the aid of these two companies, the town was finally taken 
 by the Americans. From this point the enemy kept up a steady retreat 
 
until on the 14th day of November, 191 8, they were forced to surrender 
 to the Allies. 
 
 The Dover Battery participated in five minor and two major 
 battles while on the front, and were still fighting near the walled city 
 of Stenay, at eleven o'clock on the morning of the day the Armistice 
 was signed. 
 
 The following men served as Officers and Non-Commissioned 
 Officers in Battery D, 308th, Field Artillery — 78th, Lightning Division, 
 New Jersey: ; ;<*?i 
 
 2nd Lt. P. Powers Kinnaman Cpl. Thomas Loughlin 
 
 1st Sgt. John Thomas (killed in Cpl. John Maher 
 
 action) Cpl. Fred Anderson 
 
 1st Sgt. Stanley A. Warner Cpl. A. Anderson 
 
 Signal Sgt. Stewart Kahler Cpl. LeRoy Seals 
 
 Sgt. Charles Rassler Cpl. Frank Shaw 
 
 Sgt. Jack B. Schwer Cpl. John Rhoener 
 
 Sgt. Harry Buchanan Cpl. Thomas Fancher. 
 
 Sgt. Elwood Barton 
 Sgt. Jacob Levin V/ritten by Stewart Kahler, 
 
 Signal Sgt., Battery D, 208 F. A. 
 
 Note: — When the United States of America decided, April 6, 1917, 
 to enter the world struggles for freedom and human rights, Dover men 
 fell into line and did their part to win the victory. When the victory 
 was won the American Legion was formed. The purposes and aims of 
 this organization, with other information relating to its Dover Post, are 
 given below by George R. Flartey, historian of the Post. All honor 
 to the men who answered the call to service ! 
 
 HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN LEGION IN DOVER 
 
 In the Spring of 1919 a group of World War veterans assembled 
 in the municipal building to discuss the feasibility of organizing an asso- 
 ciation whose aims and purposes would be to perpetuate the memories 
 and incidents of the Great War and by mutual helpfulness assist each 
 other in the adjustment of claims resulting from their service. More 
 than a score of veterans attended the meeting, and it was voted to 
 investigate the several national organizations in process of formation, 
 such as the American Legion, Veterans of Foreign Wars, World War 
 Veterans, etc. Following receipt of information from Colonel Theodore 
 Roosevelt, Jr., and the State headquarters of the American Legion, it 
 was decided to affiliate with the American Legion, owing to the fact 
 that their ideals, as specified at the Paris conference and later at the St. 
 Louis caucus, corresponded with the aims and purposes of the Dover 
 veterans. These ideals are set forth in the following preamble to the 
 Constitution of the Legion: 
 
 "For God and country, we associate ourselves together for the fol- 
 lowing purposes : To uphold and defend the Constitution of the United 
 States of America; to maintain law and order; to foster and perpetuate 
 
195 
 
 a one hundred per cent. Americanism ; to preserve the memories and 
 incidents of our association in the great war; to inculcate a sense of 
 obHgation to the community, State and nation ; to combat the autocracy 
 of both the classes and the masses ; to make right the master of might ; 
 to promote peace and good will on earth ; to safeguard and transmit to 
 posterity the principles of justice, freedom and democracy ; to consecrate 
 and sanctify our comradeship by our devotion to mutual helpfulness." 
 
 On July i6, 1919, more than 200 veterans assembled in the Baker 
 Theatre and approved the plan, making formal application for a charter 
 and electing temporary officers. The name Dover Post was selected, and 
 the Post was designated Number 2j in the State Department, it being 
 the first post formed in Morris County and the twenty-seventh in New 
 Jersey. When the permanent charter was received in the fall of 1919 
 the name of the Post was changed to William Hedges Baker Post, in 
 honor of the heroic service of one of our number who gave his life on 
 the field of battle while assisting wounded comrades. 
 
 The following extracts are quoted from a memorial poem by Mrs. 
 Eliza A. Stoddard, of Succasunna: 
 
 IN MEMORIAM 
 ..THE BELOVED WILLIAM HEDGES BAKER 
 
 His record in the home and school, 
 As measured by the Golden Rule, 
 Tells of devotion to the right, 
 Trusting a God of love and might. 
 
 It was a sacrifice so great. 
 
 For its solution we must wait 
 
 Until all mysteries are plain 
 
 And peace and righteousness shall reign ; 
 
 When golden sheaves from every field 
 
 Their bounty and their richness yield ; 
 
 When generations shall award 
 
 To every life its own reward. 
 
 To-day the deepest shadows fall ; 
 They pierce the heart, they form a pall 
 Upon familiar scenes around ; 
 May consolations here abound ! 
 
 ***** 
 
 And we must now repeat again, 
 
 While agonizing is our pain, 
 
 "We live in deeds, not years," for we 
 
 Are living for eternity ; 
 
 And while we suffer, as we must, 
 
 A grateful country guards her trust, 
 
 And on the page of history, 
 
196 
 
 Inwoven with each mystery. 
 Shall be God's guiding providence, 
 While ages read its evidence 
 And angels bow in reverence. 
 
 Pardon the heart's dictation here; 
 
 We weep with you, and every tear 
 j Must tell its own true sympathy, 
 
 ! While Christ Himself will come to thee 
 
 With hopes of immortality. 
 
 Private William Hedges Baker, who was killed in action July 20, 
 1918, was born at Wharton, N. J., December 20, 1895. ^^ was attached 
 to the 26th Infantry, First Division. He was killed instantly while 
 assisting in carrying the injured from the field of battle at Ploisy, in 
 the Soisson sector. The body arrived in Dover on May 10, 1921, and 
 burial was made in Archard Street Cemetery, in the Baker burial plot. 
 May 12, 1 92 1. The American Legion Post named in his honor attended 
 the funeral in a body, and on Memorial Day, May 30, 192 1, a platoon of 
 United States Marines discharged three volleys over his grave as a 
 final tribute to his memory, and taps were sounded. Private Baker 
 enlisted at Fort Oglethrope, May 3, 1918. He arrived in France, June 
 19, 1918, and was killed on the battlefield July 20, 1918. Ten weeks in 
 the service of his country resulted in the supreme sacrifice. He was 
 a graduate of Dover High School, and was in his third year at Rennse- 
 laer Institute, Troy, N. Y., when he left to enter the service. 
 
 The men who gave their lives in the service and whose names and 
 military records are carefully preserved by the American Legion are as 
 follows: Harry B. Anderson, Herbert Atkins, William H. Baker, 
 Warenzello J. Bickert, John R. Booth, Charles C. Buck, Thomas A. 
 Cannon, John Castimore, Bertram Chamberlain, Samuel Chirella, Ber- 
 tram F. Cox, James A. Donaldson, Frank Feeley, William H. Flatt, 
 Ernest J. Harner, Michael J. Hartford, James C. Hennessey, Henry F. 
 Meeker, William J. Hocking, Stephen Huested, Michael Kedzus, Wil- 
 liam W. Lewis, Vincent Manning, George E. McKenna. Ahvard W. 
 Meeker, N. Leslie Mulligan, Richard S. Parke, LeRoy Quail, John 
 Reilly, Frank Reynolds, Edgar B. Rogers, Herbert Smith. Harry Stark, 
 George T. Swackhammer, Anthony Sylvester, John Thomas. 
 
 The first year witnessed a continuous growth in the Post, resulting 
 in more than 300 active members. The activities included social events, 
 assistance to less fortunate comrades, furthering the interests of vete- 
 rans through concerted action for the passage of beneficial legislation, 
 and the formation of a Woman's .A.uxiliary. The Auxiliary was formed 
 by Mrs. Frank F. Apgar, and has become one of the most active woman's 
 organi.'iations in this vicinity. Athletic activities and interest in com- 
 munity aflfairs were also features of the Legion program. Through the 
 courtesy of the Mayor and Board of Aldermen the Post was permitted 
 
197 
 
 the use of the aldermanic chamber in the municipal building for all 
 meetings. 
 
 In 192 1 the employment situation added a new problem to the 
 officers of the Post, and in addition to the usual activities, efforts were 
 directed toward the solution of the veteran's dilemma whose war service 
 had placed him at the bottom of the employment list, due to an unfor- 
 tunate condition in all industries. The men who entered the service 
 were in many cases returned to their former jobs, but they had been 
 unable to keep abreast of the progress of the industries, and when various 
 plants were compelled to reduce the working force the veterans were 
 frequently the first to be released. Many men were assisted by the Legion 
 in procuring employment. 
 
 During the three years of the Legion's existence in Dover it has. 
 consistently favored adjusted compensation, firmly believing that all men 
 who served in the World War should receive at least one-half of the 
 wages paid to an ordinary laborer. The five-fold adjusted compensatiot> 
 plan now before Congress has been repeatedly approved by veterans irt 
 this vicinity. 
 
 The Post has become one of Dover's leading organizations, and om 
 May 27, 192 1, formally dedicated their newly furnished headquarters orii 
 the third and fourth floors at 30 West Blackwell street. The rooms are 
 equipped with amusement features which have proven to be a source: 
 of recreation for practically all of the members. 
 
 The membership includes more than a score of disabled men who 
 are receiving compensation from the Government as a result of their 
 injuries. The majority of these men served in the 29th and 78th Divi- 
 sions. Meritorious deeds of valor on the field of action have been fre- 
 quently described in the sketches and history of these divisions, but the; 
 members of William Pledges Baker Post who bear the scars of battle 
 seldom refer to their achievements. Two members of the Post are stilt 
 in hospitals, recovering from recent operations. They are permanently 
 disabled, and all Legion men maintain an active interest in their welfare. 
 The war will never be over for those who suffered, and the Legion has 
 assumed the role of guardians, realizing that the general sentiment of the 
 public is to leave the problem entirely in the hands of the Government 
 agencies. 
 
 The American Legion is non-partisan, non-political and non-sec- 
 tarian. Legion posts do not endorse candidates or permit officers of 
 their organizations to enter political fields. There is no distinction of 
 rank nor discrimination between overseas and American service. All 
 veterans who served honorably between April 6, 1917, and November 
 II, 191 8, are eligible to membership. 
 
 The Post not only assists the disabled, but handles claims for travel 
 pay, back pay, bonus, undelivered discharges, employment, unpaid allot- 
 ments to dependents. Liberty Bonds, clothing and equipment, voca- 
 tional training, French memorial certificates. Victory medals, civil rights, 
 admission to the United States Soldiers' Home, medical and hospital 
 
198 
 
 care, and gives veterans complete information regarding beneficial legis- 
 lation. 
 
 Nominal dues are charged to finance the Post, and a per capita tax 
 of $1 is paid to national headquarters. This amount includes a subscrip- 
 tion to the "American Legion Weekly," which is a very popular vete- 
 rans' magazine. 
 
 The American Legion has taken over the work of the Grand Army 
 of the Republic in remembering the departed heroes on Memorial Day 
 each year. There are eighteen heroes buried in local cemeteries who met 
 death while in the service. Eighteen others are buried in France, and 
 one in England. The Legion intends to perpetuate the record of these 
 noble men who gave their lives in defense of the principls on which our 
 Government is founded. 
 
 Since July, 1919, nine posts of the Legion have been formed in 
 Morris County, Dover having the distinction of being the first formed in 
 the county. The American Legion has come to stay, and its growth to 
 1,000,000 members has been phenomenal. Within a few years another 
 million members will, without a doubt, be on the rosters of the 10,000 
 posts throughout the country. 
 
 The William Hedges Baker Post has planned numerous events for 
 the coming year, and it is anticipated that the membership will be doubled 
 by January i, 1923. 
 
 Since the organization was formed the following members have 
 served as the principal officers : Commanders — Dr. A. L. L. Baker. 
 1919-20; George R. Flartey, 1921 ; Frank F. Apgar, 1922. Vice-com- 
 manders — Roy E. Lynd, 1920; Charles S. Cooper, 1920; Dr. J. W. 
 Farrow, 1920; Frank F. Apgar, 1921 ; Lipman Harris, 192 1 ; Robert 
 Hoch, 1921 ; Charles A. Gillen, 1922; Benj. H. Hosking, 1922. Adju- 
 tants — George R. Flartey, 1919; Benj. H. Hosking, 1920; Chas. A. 
 Gillen, 192 1 ; Stewart Kahler, 1922. Finance officers — Earl C. Nelson, 
 1920; Henry C. Rieger, 1921 ; Edgar J. Maloney, 1922. Present Board 
 of Trustees — Dr. J. W. Farrow, Henry C. Rieger, Roy E. Lynd, George 
 R. Flartey, Eugene E. Cooper. 
 
 All of these men, along with scores of others, have been active in 
 promoting the interests of the American Legion. The charter list con- 
 tains the names of 250 veterans. 
 
PART VI 
 Industrial Plants 
 
20I 
 
 SILK MILLS OF DOVER 
 By Fred W. Batten 
 
 In the early part of 1881 the Singleton Silk Manufacturing Com- 
 pany put up a building on a plot of land acquired from John W. 
 Hurd, being part of the lot known as Coon Forge Tract, and started 
 what is termed a Throwing Plant. A few years later the S. S. Mfg. 
 Co. began the operation of a dyeing business. This latter was discon- 
 tinued about 1912. The Throwing business was continued without 
 break until February, IQ22. 
 
 In the latter part of 1899 the Singleton Silk Manufacturing Com- 
 pany started operating in the frame mill at Wharton formerly operated 
 by Ross & Baker and continued so until 1907, when they moved 
 machinery to Luxemburg mill, operating there until 19 17. 
 
 Meanwhile, in the latter part of 1881, C. C. Hopper rented the 
 upper floor of the Singleton factory in Dover, later changing the name 
 of his business to "Dover Silk Company," continuing so until about 
 May, 1884, /when E. J. Ross entered the firm and business was con- 
 tinued as Hopper & Ross until about October, 1885, when George 
 B. Baker formed a partnership with Mr. Ross and the business was 
 conducted under the firm name of Ross & Baker until December, 1888, 
 Then they moved to Wharton, at that time known as Port Oram, 
 to a frame mill below the Pine Grove, opposite the present Central R. R. 
 depot. Later they acquired a large part of Luxemburg and built large 
 mills near the Washington Pond, occupying part of it with machinery 
 moved from the Wharton frame mill, operating same until 1917, 
 when it was purchased by the Wharton Textile Company. 
 
 The Ross affiliations were Broad Silk Weavers and Dyers. 
 
 THE SWISS KNITTING COMPANY 
 
 In 1890 Emil G. Kattermann came to Dover to join his older 
 brother, then in the employ of Baker and Ross in their silk mill at 
 Wharton. In 1891, with one hand-knitting machine, he started in busi- 
 ness for himself in Paterson under the name of Swiss Knitting Com- 
 pany, making Ladies' Silk Swiss ribbed underwear. 
 
 The Swiss ribbed knitted goods had not been made in this country 
 successfully until the McKinley tarifif went into efifect. 
 
 After five years in Paterson, Mr. Kattermann, having by this 
 time acquired twenty machines, brought them with him to Dover and 
 built, in 1896, the first or middle part of his factory, on land given by 
 Andrew Roderer. The Dover Board of Trade gave $350 to pay 
 his moving expenses in bringing this industry to Dover. 
 
 In 1899 his brother, Paul F. Kattermann, entered into partnership 
 with him and the east wing was added to the factory, with more 
 machines, introducing the American circular goods. The original 
 Swiss goods were knitted flat with selvedge and sewed together. In 
 1910 the brick addition was built. By this time seventy machines were 
 operated. 
 
202 
 
 Cotton and woolen yams, and silk thread, also wool and silk 
 mixed were used in knitting under garments for women and infants 
 and athletic shirts for men. This underwear is sold throughout the 
 United States. 
 
 The partner brother died in 1920. January i, 192 1, the firm 
 was incorporated with Emil G. Kattennann as president ; his son, Her- 
 man A. Kattermann, as vice-president and manager of the Hacketts- 
 town branch (opened in 1919) ; another son Emil D. Kattermann, as 
 treasurer and manager of the Dover branch; and a brother-in-law, 
 Roland Sievers, as secretary. 
 
 The ingenious and costly machines with which the Dover factory is 
 equipped are a development of that old-fashioned instrument of feminine 
 handiwork, the knitting needle, once plied so industriously in the old 
 country and by our early American colonists — not to mention the recent 
 exploits reported by the women of the American Red Cross. In the 
 streets of Europe women used to knit while walking about or tending 
 market, and there are rumors that some would take their knitting to bed 
 with them and turn out a pair of stockings in the middle of the night. 
 A famous legend of Morris County in the Revolution represents Rhoda 
 Farrand knitting as she drove through snow drifts with an ox-team in 
 the depth of winter, urging by her example the industrious preparation 
 of warm socks for the feet of the suffering patriot troops. But with 
 modern machinery the art of knitting has taken on new developments, 
 speed and productivity. The Swiss Knitting Company of Dover 
 employs, in normal times, one hundred men and women, and with its 
 full equipment of high-grade machinery, has a capacity for large pro- 
 duction when the demand of the market warrants it. 
 
 THE BROTHERHOOD OVERALLS 
 
 The Brotherhood Overalls was established by H. S. Peters in 
 Brooklyn, N. Y., in the year 1890. In 1894 the business came to 
 Dover, N. J., finding its advantage in so doing because of facilities 
 for transportation, opportunities to acquire a building site, and a 
 desirable class of labor. Mrs. McDavit gave the land for the new 
 factory along the canal, and seven men of Dover advanced the money 
 for building, to be paid back in five years. In that time Mr. Peters 
 acquired the property. 
 
 The Brotherhood overalls are made of very stout denim manu- 
 factured in the mills of Massachusetts and New Hampshire. They 
 are fitted with metal buttons made at Waterbury, Connecticut. An 
 extra strong cotton thread is used, made in Massachusetts. Four 
 garments are made : a pant overall, two designs of apron overalls, 
 and a coat. About 15,000 dozen have been made in a year. They are 
 sent all over the United States, from West Virginia to Oregon. Sales 
 to individuals have been mad<e in all civilized countries, from Cuba to 
 South Africa. A branch factory was established in Canada, 1910. 
 
 During the late war government contracts were received to make 
 overalls for the use of our soldiers m eamp abroad. 
 
203 
 
 After carrying on the work for thirty-two years, Mr, Peters has 
 •sold his business to the Oshkosh Overall Company of Oshkosh, Wis- 
 consin, including the Welland factory in Canada. 
 
 F. A. Brown is manager of the Dover plant and C. E. Sunnan of 
 Tthe Welland branch. 
 
 The Dover factory employs from thirty-five to seventy-five opera- 
 lives, according to the state of trade. The cloth used is a mill-shrunk, 
 no-fade denim specially made for this firm. 
 
 Mr. Peters, now retired from business, was at one time mayor 
 «of Dover. 
 
 Operations were suspended July i, 1922. 
 
 The report is that the firm may remove from Dover or sell the 
 ^property. (July 1,3.) 
 
 PAUL GUENTHER, INC. 
 
 On the eastern outskirts of Dover, north of the canal, the largest 
 
 'buildings that loom up to view for an observer from Moller's Rock 
 
 .are those forming the plant of Paul Guenther, Inc., commonly called 
 Guenther's Hosiery Factory. 
 
 In 1897 or about twenty-five years ago this industry made its start 
 
 in Dover. Paul Guenther came to the town, rented some space in the 
 Swiss Knitting Mill and started making* Full Fashioned Silk Hosiery. 
 Mr. Guenther was the owner, manager and practically all-round man. 
 
 'With only a few employees, the production was naturally small ; but 
 the business prospered and in 1902 a parcel of land on King street 
 was procured and a small two-story frame structure erected, to which 
 
 ^the business was transferred. 
 
 Two separate additions of frame construction were added to 
 
 3the original building as the business grew, and in a few years a three- 
 story brick building followed, with a three-story brick front addition 
 
 to the original frame building. The plant now occupied two buildings 
 facing on King street and reaching through to Berry street in the rear. 
 In 1909 it was found necessary to provide more room and a four- 
 story brick building, known as mill No. 3, was constructed, the plant 
 now occupying one city block. In 191 2 this was followed by another 
 large four-story brick building, built on the opposite side of King 
 street, which is known as mill No. 4. The latest additions are those 
 erected in 192 1, and are known as mill No. 5 and the bridge build- 
 ing, which are of reinforced concrete, and four stories high. The 
 
 "bridge building over King street is a very fine structure, connecting 
 
 -the buildings on each side of the street and adding much to the general 
 architectural appearance of 'the plant, which now occupies practically 
 two city blocks. 
 
 From its small beginning, a plant now exists which is known 
 
 -over practically all the civilized world. 
 
 Tlie policy of the management has always been to make the best 
 
 .silk hosiery that could be made, :and to this end only the finest grades 
 
204 
 
 of materials are used. The machines are of intricate structure witb 
 the latest improvements, mostly imported, but a few coming from this- 
 country. 
 
 The employees, numbering around nine hundred, are of an unusu- 
 ally high grade of intelligence, skill and character, and are drawn not 
 only from Dover, but from the surrounding towns within a radius of 
 twelve or fifteen miles. They are a very happy and contented lot of 
 employees and receive annually over a million and a quarter dollars. 
 in wages. A Turn Hall is maintained for the benefit of the employees, 
 which is well equipped for bowling, billiards, gymnastic exercises and 
 dancing. 
 
 This plant has never shut down or run on short time during its 
 histor}' on account of business depressions, and has thus been a very 
 strong economic factor in the life of the town and vicinity. 
 
 Early in the history of the plant, Mr. Guenther foresaw the need' 
 of proper housing for his employees and, as opportunity offered, 
 secured tracts of land adjoining each other, where dwellings could 
 be erected. On these a large number of houses have been erected, 
 which are rented to employees at a very reasonable rate. He also- 
 encourages and assists them in building homes of their own. 
 
 On portions of these tracts not yet occupied by buildings, local 
 athletic clubs and the Dover High School have long enjoyed the 
 privilege of playing baseball and football. Here open air concerts 
 and fireworks exhibitions have been given, and thus a real need of 
 the community has been met by the courtesy of one public spirited 
 man. 
 
 THE SUSSEX OVERALL FACTORY 
 
 At 196 East Blackwell street, Dover, stands a two-story brick 
 building that was occupied in 1914 by J. J. Friedman and Company^ 
 makers of outer garments for women. The Friedman Company 
 removed to Newark and the building served during the war as barracks 
 for a military company that was stationed here. 
 
 In 1918 Arling M. MacFall purchased the building and estab- 
 lished there the Sussex Overall Factory, employing now about sixty 
 persons — fifty-five women and five men. The upper floor is fitted 
 up with sewing machines — mostly "Singers." Single, double, or even 
 quadruple stitching can be done, buttons sewed on and button holes 
 hemmed by machines which are run by electric power and operated 
 by persons skilled in such work. 
 
 The entire working force of this factory is occupied, at present, 
 in the manufacture of Girl Scout Unifomis, including a long coat, 
 a short coat, skirt and blouse, besides girls' and women's knicker- 
 bockers of khaki, corduroy, and wool Tweeds, furnishing outfits suit- 
 able for camping, golf or hiking, and indoor athletic wear. As the 
 output of the factory includes garments for all seasons, steady work 
 through the year is found for the employees in wholesale production. 
 
205 
 
 Despite the prevalent depression in business this factory has been 
 kept busy. It is interesting to note that this industry is based upon an 
 idea that has sprung up of recent years — the athletic development of 
 girls and women in outdoor and indoor forms of physical culture. 
 
 The suits produced in this humming hive of sewing machines 
 are manufactured from the best of cotton cloth from New England 
 and Southern mills, using buttons made in Hoboken or Connecticut, 
 and thread made from Sea Island yam obtained from Rhode Island 
 and Massachusetts mills. Woolen cloth from New England mills is 
 used for some garments. 
 
 In all parts of our Eastern States where Girl Scouts are organized 
 you will find the girls fitted out with uniforms made in Dover at 
 the Sussex Overall Factory. 
 
 COOK'S LAUNDRY, INCORPORATED 
 
 In 1893 Charles S. Clark and Edward Totten started a laundry 
 on Sussex street, where the Gas Company is now located. John K. 
 Cook bought the business in 1894 and later removed to Black well 
 street, west of the Presbyterian Church, where he carried on the 
 business for ten year. In 1908 he secured a site on McFarlan' street, 
 adjacent to Peters' Overall Factory, on the canal. Here he built his 
 own plant, which, with subsequent additions and machinery, represents 
 an investment of $40,000. 
 
 Many ingenious machines have been invented for use in laundry 
 work. The outfit in this plant has been purchased in New York City, 
 Troy, Chicago, Irvington, N. J. Some of the machines are made in 
 Cincinnati and Rochester. There are rotary washers and driers, 
 steam rollers for ironing, special devices for shirts, and collars, some 
 driven by steam and some by electricity. Soft coal is used in generat- 
 ing steam on the premises, the steam yielding both power and heat. 
 
 Employment is given to forty or more men and women, who find 
 steady work through the year. The payroll averages $750 a week. 
 
 This laundry has its own driven well, sunk through 102 feet of 
 sand to a gravel bed from which the water comes up clear, cool, and 
 palatable. This water, hard by nature, is rendered perfectly soft by 
 filtration and chemical treatment in a large tank from which it is drawn 
 for use in the washing machines. This well, with six-inch pipe, was 
 l)uilt at a cost of $1,100. 
 
 Great care is taken v.-ith all parts of the laundry work. The 
 processes are sanitary and are regulated by the State Department of 
 Labor, which makes inspections twice a year. Every effort is made 
 to save and preserve the linen. 
 
 The various kinds of work done here are known as bundle work 
 (wearing apparel for men and women), family work, hotel work, 
 and damp wash. An exact system of marking, sorting, and accounting 
 is employed. 
 
 Materials used are — soap, bought in ten barrel lots from the 
 Swift Beef Company, and from Proctor and Gamble. Washing soda 
 
206 
 
 from Wyandotte, Michigan. Starch, made by the Huron Milling- 
 Company. Blueing, bought in New York City. Craft paper for wrap- 
 ping bundles is bought by the ton in Newark and Baltimore, Virginia 
 and Pennsylvania. Twine is brought from Atlanta, Georgia. Alt 
 refuse paper is compressed into bales and sold to junk dealers. 
 
 The laundries of the United States have organized a Laundry-^ 
 man's National Association which meets in yearly conventions. A 
 monthly magazine is published, called The Laundry Age. A literature 
 of the laundry is giving expression to the business ideas and aspira- 
 tions of those engaged in this highly developed industry, now far 
 removed from the riverside and seaside family lustrations of classic 
 antiquity, as described by Homer. We have read that it was once the 
 time-honored custom in some partsi of Europe to have a family wash 
 once a year, every well-to-do family being supplied with enough 
 changes of linen to keep things going in the interval. But modern 
 life demands other accommodations. The up-to-date laundry com- 
 pany aspires to relieve the housewife of her entire weekly wash. 
 Scientific experiments are made by experts, seeking to improve every 
 process and every substance used in the work. 
 
 The Cook Laundry, Incorporated, consists of John K. Cook, presi- 
 dent ; Joseph D. Cook, vice-president ; John W. Cook, treasurer ; Harry 
 C. Cook, secretary ; and Clyde W. Cook — being a happy partnership 
 of father and sons. 
 
 This long-established firm serves a public that extends from 
 Dover to Lake Hopatcong, Budd Lake, Netcong, Wharton, Kenvil, 
 Succasunna, Newton, Rockaway, Denville, IMt. Tabor,, Mountain 
 Lakes, Boonton, Montville, Towaco. 
 
 TO THE WOMAN AT THE TUB 
 
 The postman rings, he brings the mail ; 
 
 Aha ! what have we here ? 
 A pictured circular that shows 
 
 Milleniums drawing near. 
 "How Lighten Woman's Burden" is 
 
 The message of the seer 
 Who penned this book: he stirs new hope. 
 
 And beams with solid cheer. 
 
 Too long has Woman bent her back 
 
 And wrestled o'er the tub 
 To do the weekly washing — all 
 
 By hand: ay, there's the rub! 
 All gannents, table cloths and sheets,. 
 
 The everlasting scrub ! 
 She sends them to the Laundry now — 
 
 And joins the Woman's Club! 
 
ao7 
 
 A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE PROGRESS OF AGRICULTURE 
 By James O. Cooper, Farmer 
 
 "The groves were God's first temples. Ere man learned 
 
 To hew the shaft and lay the architrave, 
 
 And spread the roof above them — ere he framed 
 
 The lofty vault, to gather and roll back 
 
 The sound of anthems ; in the darkling wood. 
 
 Amid the cool and silence, he knelt down. 
 
 And offered to the Mightiest solemn thanks 
 
 And supplication." 
 
 But I must not quote further from this beautiful song of Bryant, 
 as I have been asked to write but briefly of the progress of agriculture 
 duing the past two hundred years. 
 
 Previous to two centuries ago, could we have climbed to the summit 
 of Reservoir Hill, and viewed the surrounding landscape from that 
 eminence, we should have seen no life but vegetable life — the first groves, 
 the plant life such as is growing now ; no motion but the gentle flowing 
 of the Rockaway River. 
 
 Had we followed any one of the several trails leading in various 
 directions, we should have found forest groves, and then more forests, 
 with here and there a small clearing, where perhaps an Indian had grown 
 his corn ; and an occasional white man's rude log cabin, with a few acres 
 cleared, where he grew some Indian corn, rye, and a few vegetables for 
 the use of his family. 
 
 In those long-ago days, each farmer was obliged to provide prac- 
 tically all the necessaries for his own household. He was obliged to 
 keep a few cows, as milk and butter were imperatively needed. Then 
 leather was necessary for shoes and harness, and beef and veal for food. 
 
 A few sheep were kept, because wool was necessary for the making 
 of clothing and blankets, the wool being washed, carded, spun and woven 
 by the housewife. Then the flesh of the sheep and lambs was needed 
 for food. A few chickens were kept on every farm, of no particular 
 breed, but just chickens, as the eggs and flesh were needed for food, 
 and the feathers for pillows and beds. Hens, in those days, laid prob- 
 ably four to five dozen eggs each, during the spring and summer, and 
 as no shelter and but little feed was provided for them in winter, no 
 eggs were produced. The housewife "laid eggs down" in salt for winter 
 use and they kept very well. 
 
 Practically every farmer kept a yoke of oxen to do the hauling and 
 general farm work, and as there were no towns to go to, and no movies 
 to visit nightly, they answered all purposes very well. 
 
 No pure bred stock was known in this country at that time. 
 
 During the century succeeding, towns sprang up here and there, 
 industries were located, and as those who worked in the mills, mines and 
 factories had to be fed and clothed, farmers were induced to produce 
 more than their respective families consumed. Accordingly, whenever 
 
2o8 
 
 the farmer had a surplus of produce, he. with his neighbors, perchance, 
 would make up a load of produce, such as rye, flour, corn meal, salt or 
 fresh pork, potatoes, a veal or a dressed lamb, and with a team of oxen 
 as motive power, visit villages and towns, often going as far as Port 
 Newark, where they would dispose of their produce and return with 
 such supplies as they needed. 
 
 The Indian was the first scientific agriculturist in this country. He 
 learned that where the forest trees were burned or where he had his 
 campfire, corn would grow better than elsewhere. The potash and car- 
 bonate of lime which the ashes supplied being necessary for corn devel- 
 opment. He also learned that by burying a fish by a hill of corn he 
 would get still better corn, the decaying fish furnishing both ammonia 
 and phosphoric acid, which the corn also needed to make perfect develop- 
 ment. 
 
 For a century the white man used no more science in his agricul- 
 tural operations than the Indian had practiced. So we close the eigh- 
 teenth century. 
 
 The nineteenth century brought its changes. The Revolutionary 
 War had been fought and won ; villages had grown to towns ; towns to 
 cities ; a larger and freer exchange of commodities was engaged in ; our 
 ships were on every sea ; our products were transported to other nations ; 
 and foreign products were brought to this country in large volume. An 
 awakening began to take place. Farmers began to be dissatisfied with 
 the very meagre returns from the soil. They began to study the soil and 
 its needs. All the fertilizer made on the farm was conserved and 
 returned to the soil by the better farmers. Experimentation in crop rota- 
 tion was instituted and farming began to progress. 
 
 Up to the middle of the ninetenth century there was no specializa- 
 tion in any department of agriculture, as we know it to-day. Practically 
 every farmer produced some grains, some live stock, some fruit and 
 some vegetables; but during the following fifty years vast strides were 
 made in every department of agriculture. Breeding of pure bred stock 
 became a science. The finest specimens of cattle, horses, sheep, poultry, 
 and swine that the world had ever known were produced. Horses were 
 developed that could trot a mile in three minutes. Wonderful ! we 
 thought. Then a cow was produced that gave 15,000 pounds of milk in 
 a year, and swine breeding found its advocates. Much more thought and 
 study, and money and scientific research have been expended in breed- 
 ing better swine than has ever been expended in breeding that other 
 family of animals known as "Genus Flomo." 
 
 As the nineteenth century dawned, agricultural progress in every 
 branch advanced at an unprecedented pace and all progress was sys- 
 tematized. Guesswork was abolished. Actual records were kept of 
 every forward step. We called science to our aid — the chemist, bac- 
 teriologist, the plant pathologist, the agronomist, the entomologist; we 
 have sat at their feet and learned. 
 
 We were told a few years ago that barley could not be grown in 
 this locality. We asked the scientist why. He could not tell. So I 
 
209 
 
 went to work, determined to grow barley on my farm here. I have 
 grown fifty-six bushels per acre here, as fine as ever grew anywhere, 
 rand scores of farmers are now growing very profitable crops of barley 
 where none was grown ten years ago. 
 
 We were told that spring wheat could not be grown here. Why? 
 No satisfactory answer. So I have grown thirty-six bushels per acre of 
 .splendid spring wheat here on my farm, that sold at premium of fifteen 
 cents per bushel. We were told that sweet potatoes and peanuts, sugar 
 cane and cotton could not be grown here ; so we grow them every year. 
 
 World's records are now being broken almost daily in every branch 
 'of agricultural endeavor. Not being satisfied with the horse that could 
 trot a mile in three minutes, the horse has been bred that does his mile 
 in less than two minutes. Not satisfied with the cow that gave 15,000 
 pounds of milk in a year, the cow has been produced that gives 40,000 
 pounds of milk a year. Not satisfied with the cow that gave a pound of 
 butter per day, one has been produced that gave four pounds of butter 
 per day. Not satisfied with the hen that laid sixty eggs per year, the 
 lien has been bred that laid 316 eggs in a year. Not satisfied with a hog 
 that weighed 600 pounds, one was produced that weighed 1,800 pounds. 
 Not satisfied with a steer that weighed 1,200 pounds, one was produced 
 that weighed two tons. 
 
 Similar progress has been made in growing fruits and vegetables. 
 Specialization has brought perfection in these branches of agricultural 
 ■endeavor. Perfect specimens of apples, peaches, pears, plums, berries, 
 grapes may be found growing on our farms annually, and, with the 
 ■exception of grapes, no better flavored fruits grow in this world. To 
 grow them requires extreme vigilance and untiring effort. When we 
 •see the leaves curling on our cherry trees we know we must spray at once 
 with "Black Leaf 40." If we had brown rot on our peaches last year 
 we work to prevent it this year by spraying with selfboiled lime-sulphur. 
 If we had wormy apples last year we prevent it this year by spraying 
 with arsenate. 
 
 If grubs are boring in our peach tree trunks we hasten to apply 
 Paradichlor-benezene. Having the remedy at hand and applying 
 promptly counts. 
 
 Some years ago, being troubled with potato beetles, I succeeded 
 in "breeding another beetle, a parasite, that is very fond of the potato 
 beetle. This little parasite, not as large as a potato bug, wil,l kill 
 thousands of potato bugs in a season. He kills and eats what he 
 needs and then kills more potato bugs just for the fun of killing them. 
 I have no more trouble with potato bugs. 
 
 With the importation of the best grains, fruits, vegetables, and 
 plants from foreign countries by our national government, annually, 
 there have been many insect pests, fungus diseases, etc., introduced 
 with them ; so that with every valuable introduction there is liable to 
 come, and in fact have come, some of our most unconquerable plant 
 enemies and fungus diseases, which demand of the farmer greater 
 vigilance and more work every year. 
 
210 
 
 But with all this, from time to time, there is discovered some new- 
 method by which the farmer is saved labor, while at the same time 
 his profit may be increased. 
 
 On the modern dairy farm) with the milking-machine, the farmer 
 may milk three cows at a time. Each cow's product is immediately 
 weighed and a record made. At the end of the year this record shows 
 just what each cow in the dairy has given in milk, and frequent tests 
 show just what the butter fat content is. 
 
 The modern poultryman set his alarm clock for four o'clock. 
 By an electrically wired connection the electric lights in his hen house 
 are turned on, his hens jump down from the roost, get busy eating and 
 drinking the food provided for them the night before, and by daylight 
 the owner may pick up some brand new eggs, which may be delivered 
 by aeroplane to his city brother in New York for his eight o'clock 
 breakfast. 
 
 The farmer of old was delighted if he found a few wild straw- 
 berries in the old pasture in June; the modern farmer is not satis- 
 fied unless he has strawberries in September and October, as well as 
 in June. 
 
 With all the wonderful advance we have made in agricultural 
 science and method, with all the improved facilities and inventions, 
 with all the new and better varieties of fruit, vegetables, grains and 
 livestock, with all the improved machinery, means of travel, and modem 
 means of entertainment, with all our churches and ministers and means 
 of worship, the farmer of old, who worshipped in "God's first temples,'*^ 
 the groves, was a better citizen, a better Christian than the average man 
 of to-day. He was more law-abiding ; he was more honest ; he lived 
 more closely to the Golden Rule and the Ten Commandments; he 
 honored the Sabbath day. 
 
 It was only a few years ago that I saw the first man working 
 a-field on Sunday. I thought him a heathen. I still think I was not 
 far wrong. The most unsatisfactory condition that exists in our land 
 to-day, from the farmer's standpoint, is the amount of lawlessness 
 prevailing everywhere, and the ever-increasing number of extrava- 
 gantly paid ofiicials, whose duty it is not only to obey the law, but 
 to enforce the law ; yet, who do neither ; and whose sole purpose in 
 life seems to be to draw their salaries, do but very little or no 
 work, and keep out of jail. The burdens thus imposed are fast 
 becoming unbearable. 
 
 If our personal rights, our property rights, and our constitutional 
 rights were safeguarded by the judiciary of our state, we could the 
 better bear the burden. A noted writer and traveler has said that a 
 man's life and property are safer among the half-civilized tribes of 
 Central America than in New Jersey. This condition would seem 
 to indicate that the civilized people_of our fair land should get together 
 and demand that all public officials honestly do their job and earn their 
 salaries, or other men, regardless of party, would be elected or 
 appointed. 
 
211 
 
 The farmer of to-day is willing, yes, more than willing, to do 
 his part toward making this a law-abiding, God-fearing, Sabbath 
 honoring land, and with it would come a greater prosperity, a greater 
 contentment, and happier lives for all. 
 
 Agriculture is the basic industry of the world ; and if the farmer's 
 business is unprosperous, or if too heavy burdens are placed upon 
 him without his receiving proportionate benefit then the younger gener- 
 ation deserts the farm and production diminishes. The farmer is doing 
 his part toward making the world a better place to live in. Even with 
 our most earnest endeavor and very closest attention to our work we 
 still sometimes fail. 
 
 For us Agriculturists it is 
 "To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield," 
 as is so beautifully expressed in Tennyson's "Ulysses." |. j 
 
 ILLUMINATION 
 
 Time was when a Candle factory on Penn avenue undertook to 
 supply Dover with the means of household illumination. Previous 
 to this the folks made their own tallow dips as a regular part of their 
 household economy and hung the product on the "candle tree." 
 
 A visit to the power plant at the base of that tall yellow chimney 
 which towers up on the north of Dt)ver reveals the miraculous change 
 that Science has brought about in this department. Situated on the 
 Rockaway River, across the stream from the slag dump of the Wharton 
 Furnace, the new electric plant has the advantage of a water supply 
 from the river and railroad connection from either railroad to bring 
 in coal, of which it consumes about eight tons a week. Powerful fur- 
 naces with forced draft under) control and huge boilers together with 
 intricate modern electric machinery here collect the invisible current 
 that is transmitted from this distributing center to furnish light and 
 power for domestic and manufacturing uses, as told in the report of 
 the Company. 
 
 Augustus K. Shuman, engineer, the oldest employee of the com- 
 pany, tells how the Dover Electric Light Company began business 
 January 3rd, 1889, in a little shop on Union street, just south of the 
 bridge. Among the stockholders were David Young, Alex Kanouse, and 
 Isaac Searing. They employed half a dozen men and used a push- 
 cart to carry the wire for their lines. Later the plant was located 
 on Essex street, where Birch and Bassett now have their coal office. 
 
 Everett Thompson bought the plant and sold it later to the Eastern 
 Pennsylvania Power Company. 
 
 With this brief introduction let the Company tell how Dover is 
 now becoming a center of light and power for a population of 85,000. 
 
 The Gas Company also has something to say about illumination. 
 
212 
 
 THE NEW JERSEY GAS AND ELECTRIC COMPANY 
 
 The New Jersey Gas & Electric Company is a company organ- 
 ized and existing under the laws of the State of New Jersey. It was 
 organized in 1916 and was the successor to the business of the Dover, 
 Rockaway & Port Oram Gas Company, which was founded in 1900 
 or 1901 by Mr. Addison Ely of Rutherford. 
 
 This company supplies gas to the Town of Dover and the 
 Borough of Wharton through both what is known as a low pressure 
 distributing system and a high pressure system. Dover, itself, is 
 principally supplied by low pressure direct from the plant, while in 
 Wharton the gas is pumped to a pressure of from 5 to 50 pounds per 
 square inch and reduced to the proper pressure for domestic use by 
 an individual regulating valve or governor on each service. 
 
 All the gas supplied to Dover prior to January i, 1922, was 
 produced by a process known in the gas field as the "Lowe Process 
 of Water Gas Manufacture." The gas produced by this system is 
 commonly known as Carburetted Water Gas or more often called 
 Water Gas. In this system the gas is produced by decomposing steam 
 over a bed of hot anthracite coal or coke. The gas in this state only 
 has a heat value of a]3proximately 400 British Themial LTnits per 
 cubic foot and as the companies throughout the State are required to 
 maintain an average heating value of 525 ?>. T. LT. per cubic foot it 
 is necessary to enrich this gas with fuel oil to bring up the quality 
 to the proper standard. 
 
 Since January i, 1922, Dover has been supplied with coal gas. 
 This gas is produced by distilling bituminous coal in a retort. The 
 gas is then ready to burn, with the exception of purification, which is 
 done by passing the gas through a material made up of wood shavings 
 and iron oxide. The iron oxide absorbs sulphur from the gas, thereby 
 making it better for commercial use. 
 
 From the coal gas system there are the by-products of coke and 
 tar. The coke is of great commercial value and is used in many 
 different ways. 
 
 In the coal gas system now used in Dover the following men are 
 employed at the plant : One foreman, two licensed firemen and eight 
 unskilled laborers. 
 
 The officers of the company are Mr. A, F. Beringer. President ; 
 Air. L. M. Symmes, Vice-President ; Mr. G. W. Johns, Secretary, 
 Treasurer and General Manager. 
 
 The operating force is made up of Miss Laura Collier, Bookkeeper 
 and Cashier; Miss Gladys Lobb, Stenographer; Thos. F, Gannon, 
 Superintendent; A. C. Malkin, Meter Reader and Collector; Chas. 
 5evero, in charge of meters and distribution system ; Carl Wright, pipe 
 fitter. Laborers are hired from time to time as the occasion requires. 
 
 It is generally understood and, of course, most Public Utility men 
 believe that there is no other business exactly like it. Dealing with 
 and coming in contact with the public in the way of a gas man does give- 
 
213 
 
 him many opportunities of seeing the different kinds of human nature. 
 This in itsdf makes the working with a Utility Company very inter- 
 esting. 
 
 THE NEW JERSEY POWER AND LIGHT COMPANY 
 DOVER, NEW JERSEY 
 
 The New Jersey Power & Light Company was incorporated under 
 the laws of the State of New Jersey in December, 191 5. It owns and 
 operates the electric light and power system in the Dover, Boonton, 
 Newton, Bernardsville, Lambertville and Flemington sections of New 
 Jersey. This company is a subsidiary of the W. S. Barstow Manage- 
 ment Association. New York City: W. S. Barstow, president; L. H. 
 Tyng, vice-president; W. Buchsbaum, treasurer. 
 
 Dover is favored with the general offices of the Company, which 
 are located at 30 West Blackwell street. 
 
 The personnel of the general operating officers consist of : 
 
 E. L. White, Vice-President and General Manager 
 
 F. T. L. Doyle, Asst. Treasurer and Asst. Secretary 
 H. R. Masker, Auditor 
 
 G. S. Stone, Superintendent 
 
 W. H. Vance, Assistant Superintendent 
 E. H. Walton, Purchasing Agent 
 
 The business of the Company shows a constantly increasing healthy 
 growth. The territory served has an estimated population of 85,000. 
 
 The nature of the business requiring constant service gives steady 
 employment to an approximate total of 150 persons. 
 
 The confidence of the Company in the future of Dover and the dis- 
 trict served by Dover is forcibly shown by expenditures now under 
 way. which when completed will exceed one-third of a million dollars, 
 the principal protect being the completion of the high tension transmis- 
 sion line now under construction, to connect the Dover plant with that 
 of the Pennsylvania Edison Company, of Easton, Pa., an associate com- 
 pany. The construction of another proposed line to extend connections 
 to the plant of the Metropolitan Edison Company, at Reading, Pa., 
 another associate company, will establish a unit control of one of the 
 largest power territories in the United States. 
 
 The Company supplies electricity for all purposes in thirty-six com- 
 munities in IVIorris, Sussex, Somerset and Hunterdon Counties, New 
 Jersey. The communities served in the Counties of Morris, Sussex and 
 Somerset are within the radius of twenty-five miles of the power plant 
 at Dover which supplies those districts. The communities served in 
 Hunterdon County are supplied from the power plant at Lambertville. 
 
 The towns served include the following : Dover, Wharton, Rock- 
 away. Kenvil. Succasunna. Mt. Arlington, Lake Hopatcong, Stanhope- 
 Netcong, Newton, Hamburg. Denville, Mt. Tabor, Boonton. Bernards- 
 ville, Far Hills, Peapack-Gladstone, Millington, Chester, Bedminster, 
 Mendham, Brookside. Ralston. Oldwick, Lamington, Whitehouse, Rin- 
 goes, Lambertville, Flemington and Sussex. 
 
214 
 
 The main power plant is practically new and is located on a ten- 
 acre tract of land owned by the Company, on the Northern outskirts of 
 Dover, on the Rockaway River. This plant has an installed generating 
 capacity of 7,000 K.W. 
 
 The power plant supplying the towns of Ringoes, Flemington and 
 Lambertville is located in Lambertville and has an installed generating 
 capacity of 690 K.W. 
 
 The Company has three generating stations which are held as 
 reserve equipment, one being located at Boonton with an installed gener- 
 ating capacity of 2,100 K.W., one at Flemington with an installed gen- 
 erating capacity of 225 K.W., and the other at Newton with an installed 
 generating capacity of 275 K.W. 
 
 It is axiomatic that a community is as good as its Public Utilities 
 and Dover has reason to be proud of the fact that its Electric Light and 
 Power Company, its Gas Company and Railway Company are completely 
 equipped, well managed and capable to provide ample facilities far into 
 the future. 
 
 Truly we are living in an electrical age, our social, commercial and 
 industrial life to a large measure being dependent on the flow of the 
 mystic current called electricity which, with immeasurable rapidity is 
 instantly ready to serve us. Electricity may well be called our most 
 faithful servant. By a mere pressure of a button, or the throw of a 
 switch, our homes, business places and thoroughfares are flooded with 
 the brightest of artificial light, the machines of industry are propelled 
 and our vehicles of transportation moved with the dispatch that our 
 fanciful writers of the past conceived as mythical. The Arabian Nights 
 tale of Aladdin's lamp and the flying rug surely have come to pass. 
 
 From the moment our modern lady arises at the start of day until 
 its close, is she reminded of the faithfulness of her ever-attendant elec- 
 tric servants. She performs her ablutions with water heated by an 
 electric water heater and in the meanwhile has in its progress the morning 
 breakfast, being prepared by the electric range, the toast brought to the 
 table in its electric toaster, and simultaneously the family coffee is in the 
 making by the electric urn. The breakfast dishes are cleaned with an 
 electric dishwasher and later the rugs and house cleaned with the electric 
 vacuum cleaner. The family clothes are washed by the electric washer, 
 dried by the electric dryer and ironed by the electric ironer. Daughter 
 curls her tresses with an electric curling iron, brings the glow to her 
 cheeks with the electric vibrator. Dad lights his pipe with the electric 
 lighter, reads his paper beneath the rays of the electric lamp, goes to 
 business in the electric car, produces his wares by the energy from the 
 electric motor, reduces the summer temperature with the electric fan, 
 adds up his accounts with the electrically propelled adding machine and 
 in the evening enjoys a concert from the electric piano. Little son's 
 aches and pains are soothed with the application of an electric pad, his 
 clothes are repaired with the electric sewing machine and his toys are 
 propelled electrically, and all performed with less eflFort than Aladdin 
 of the fairy tale required in rubbing the lamp. 
 
 F. J. L. Doyle. 
 
215 
 
 MORE POETRY 
 
 As the Firemen intersperse bands of musicians in their parades, 
 to enHven the procession, so the editor of Dover Diates calls up his 
 POETICAL RESERVES now and then, to relieve the mind of the 
 reader as these solid battalions of dates and facts march by in review. 
 
 Let me give credit for some unsigned poems included in my last 
 article on "Poetry." 
 
 The poem, ''To My Mother," was written by Uzal Newton Crane, 
 of Crane Hill, Dover, the metre being adapted from a poem which 
 he found in the London magazine, "Punch." The "Song of Dover," was 
 written by a youth in the Dover High School named Abe Bacon, now 
 dignified by the title of "Doctor." The lines on "Ford Pond," were 
 written by Laura DeWitt, then a little girl in the Dover High School. 
 They present, in naive and unaffected form, the child's point of view 
 with reference to our local "Lake," as it was once called by Mr. Hall, 
 in his school prospectus of 1861. 
 
 Aside (from the above explanation, unsigned poems in this book 
 are contributed by the Editor. 
 
 REMINISCENCES OF DOVER 
 
 I know a man who remembers the night 
 They turned on in Dover the first 'lectric light. 
 Before even that yet, there's some could tell 
 When they heard the first sound of the new fire bell. 
 The palace of pleasure was Whitlock's Hall, 
 The scene of the Annual Firemen's Ball. 
 And many a man remembers how grand 
 Was the music of Kenstler's big brass band. 
 
 The park by the roadside, the old town pump, 
 The hitching posts, handy for boys to jump; 
 Floating leviathians on the canal, 
 And circus, much better than carnival — 
 These things and others I well recall. 
 Because I enjoyed them when I was small ; 
 With lots of good fishing in Granny's Brook, 
 If only you knew how to bait your hook. 
 
 But, dear me ! I ramble, nor yet have I told 
 How Dover became two hundred years old. 
 I suppose the town just naturally grew. 
 Like most of us people are bound to do. 
 By starting out young and making our way 
 Along life's highway by night and day. 
 Old Time does the work as he moves along; 
 Here endeth my reminiscent song. 
 
 Whittier-Holmes. 
 Contributed : Author not known. 
 
2l6 
 
 DOVER TELEPHONE HISTORY 
 
 The community of Dover was nearly i6o years old before it had" 
 its first telephone, but in the succeeding forty years up to the cele- 
 bration of the cit\''s 200th anniversary, Dover's telephone system has 
 made rapid strides. With the second hundredth year about to be 
 reached, there are more than 2,000 telephones in daily use in Dover and 
 the importance of the part they have in the business, industrial and 
 social life of the communit}' is unquestionably great. Behind these 
 2.000 telephones in 1922, there is a system representing an investment 
 of hundreds of thousands of dollars, and containing hundreds of miles 
 of wire and a vast amount of intricate, delicate apparatus which is 
 seldom seen by the casual obser\-er. 
 
 The story is told in Dover's telephone history that some time- 
 during 1880, sufiUcient persons were interested in telephone service so 
 that it became possible for the village to have a small central office. 
 The system was constructed and a central office established with a 
 switch-board no larger than that used to-day by a fair-sized business 
 concern. About thirty telephone subscribers were on the original' 
 roster, am.ong them The Iron Era, the Atlantic Dynamite Company 
 and the George Richards Company. The "central office" was placed in 
 a small room on the third floor rear, of the National Union Bank 
 Building, and was equipped with trunk lines to Morristown, Paterson 
 and Hackettstown. 
 
 At that time, the telephone service was furnished by the New 
 Jersey Telephone Company, which, in 1883, sold its Dover system to 
 the New York and New Jersey Telephone Company, the predecessor 
 of the present New York Telephone Company. This transaction was 
 followed by the establishment of a new central office in the Berry 
 Building on Blackwell street, where it was maintained for several 
 years. 
 
 In the meantime, the system was growing rapidly. The thirty 
 original telephones had grown to nearly 100 in 1900, and from then 
 on development was rapid. 191 o saw 600 telephones in service, and" 
 at the beginning of 1920 there were 1,560 telephones in daily use. 
 Two years later this number had increased to more than 2,000. Sep- 
 tember, 1 91 2, was an eventful month in the Dover telephone system,.. 
 because it m.arked the opening of a brand new central office in the 
 Post Office Building on South Warren street, which was the founda- 
 tion of the central office serving Dover to-day. 
 
 In 1908, the telephone company deemed it advisable to open a- 
 business office in Dover, and assigned the management to Mr. O. A. 
 Marquard, who previously had been in the Morristown office. Mr, 
 Marquard began his close association with Dover people at that time 
 and has been a resident of Dover ever since, where he has enjoyed 
 th^ confidence and friendship of a large number of Dover residents. 
 
21/ 
 
 Dover's central office is presided over by Miss Julia A. McGuire, 
 the chief operator, who began her telephone service here in 1898. 
 Another popular Dover telephone worker is J. C. Johnson, who, as 
 local deskman, has had charge of the Telephone Company's plant in 
 the Dover district. The present central office force numbers 16 
 operators, who in a normal day handle 9,039 local calls and 3,749 out- 
 going and incoming toll calls. 
 
 Dover's telephone system is not standing still by any means. To 
 the already large local investment of the Telephone Company, thou- 
 sands of dollars have been added in the past few years in building 
 up and extending the system. Large sums will continue to be added 
 in the future, for it is recognized by the Telephone Comp?*ny that, as 
 Dover grows, the telephone system must grow with it in order to 
 keep on providing that quality of telephone service of which Dover 
 people are justly proud. 
 
 HIGHWAYS OF SPEECH 
 
 When man first gave to man in rough, rude signs 
 The image of his thought, how wonderful 
 
 The flight of an idea from mind to mind ! 
 How overjoyed was he that key to find 
 To unlock his heart and break the barrier dull 
 That to the thinker his own thought confines ! 
 
 And when speech came to be. how far he fared 
 Upon the path to social joys, how far 
 
 Forward he bounded on the road to power, 
 To progress in the arts : the beauteous flower 
 Of genius budded, bloomed — sun, moon, and star 
 Received their names ; through speech ideas were shared. 
 
 Then alphabet and writing opened up 
 
 A wider avenue for growing thought 
 
 And man grew wise in hoarded knowledge ; lore 
 Of earlier ages filled his pathway more 
 And more with light, as ripe experience taught 
 The new-born souls that quaffed life's brimming cup. 
 
 With years came printing: wider grew the ways, 
 
 The broad highways of thought, more rich the store 
 Of treasured wisdom, garnered from the past. 
 But living speech has leaped the gulf, at last. 
 Of sundering space, and now the open door 
 \ Of telephonic speech evokes our praise. 
 
2l8 
 
 THE CRYSTAL ICE COMPANY 
 
 A visit to the Crystal Ice Company, Salem street, East Dover, 
 reveals some interesting facts about the manufacture of ice. 
 
 On March 20, 1922. Joseph F. Scott became the proprietor of the 
 plant first established as The Hygeia Ice Company, eight years ago. 
 
 Here ice is produced at the rate of twenty-five tons every twenty- 
 four hours by a process depending on the use of brine and ammonia, 
 circulated in pipes in such a way as to freeze water into blocks weighing 
 three hundred pounds. 
 
 The water is obtained from an artesian well sunk on the premises 
 to a depth of 175 feet. This water is carefully filtered and distilled 
 before freezing. The plant is operated by a small number of men. The 
 machinery is driven by steam power. 
 
 Thus, independent of the season of the year, water from a depth 
 of 175 feet below ground is made to yield a harvest of crystal ice. 
 
 The capacity of the plant is to be increased so as to produce fifty to 
 seventy-five tons per day. 
 
 EXPLOSIVES 
 
 THE HERCULES POWDER COMPANY 
 
 STORY OF THE KENVIL PLANT 
 
 If you should drive from New York City to Lake Hopatcong, 
 you will, when about 40 miles from New York, come to the city 
 of Dover where iron was being worked in the early history of our 
 country. Beyond Dover you climb a long hill and can see to the 
 right the furnaces of the Wharton Steel Company, one of the Pioneers 
 in blast furnace practice. On top of the hill you might pause to look 
 at the broad, flat valley ahead and below you. You are on Mine 
 Hill, an eminence that has been furnishing iron to this country 
 since Colonial days. Not a quarter of a mile to your left is the oldest 
 iron mine in America, "The old Dickerson mine," which was operated 
 from about the year 1700 until some 30 years ago. Less than a 
 quarter of a mile to your right is an old caved in mine where was 
 used the first dynamite made in America east of the Rockies. About 
 two miles in front of you at the foot of the hills on the other side of 
 the valley, you can see the buildings of our Kenvil Plant, the second 
 Dynamite Plant in America and the oldest Dynamite Plant now work- 
 ing on its original location. On this Plant the first Nitrate of Ammonia 
 Dynamite were made; the first successful Acid Recovery in America 
 was built; the first machinery for mixing and packing Gelatin was 
 invented and used, and here probably one of the first long pipe lines 
 for transporting acid was erected. The history- of our oldest Plant 
 contains indeed many splendid pages. 
 
219 
 
 During the last part of the Civil War and for several years 
 after its close, business in this country was in a thriving condition. 
 The demands of the war had stimulated industry; European com- 
 panies built plants in this country to avoid the tarifif, which had been 
 made exceedingly high ; the construction of western railroads, such 
 as the Union Pacific, opened up the vast new West to business of 
 the eastern states, so that iron was much in demand. Unheard of 
 prices were being paid for iron ore ; high grade ore that had lain 
 at the mines in 1862 because it would not sell for $3.00 per ton was, 
 in 1865 to 18712, bringing $13.00 per ton f. o. b. the mines. This was 
 "before the days of the Iron Mountain and Mesaba districts of Lake 
 Superior. Marquette County in Michigan was, indeed, an important 
 source of iron ore, but Sussex and Morris Counties in New Jersey 
 were the very centers of this industry. 
 
 To this famous mining district came men of the Giant Powder 
 'Company of California to select a site for a second Dynamite Plant. 
 A site was chosen near the mines, satisfactorily distant from thickly 
 populated districts, and having an abundant supply of cold water which 
 •could be used for controlling the temperature of the Glycerine nitra- 
 tion. Ground was broken in July, 187 1, and the first Nitro Glycerine 
 was made in December of that year. The Nitrating House was fitted 
 with two nitrators operated by hand, which made 300 lbs. of Nitro 
 Glycerine per charge, each making two or three runs per day. The 
 Dynamite was hand packed in pasted cartridges by Chinamen who 
 had been brought from California for that purpose. The first product 
 turned out was No. i Giant Powder, and contained 75 per cent. 
 Nitro Gllcerine and 25 per cent. German Kieselguhr. All ipacking 
 was first done in an old farm house known as the Hulse Homestead and 
 tradition says that the Chinamen packed, slept, cooked and smoked 
 all in the same building. At first smoking was permitted everywhere 
 ^on the Plant until a fire occurred from a man smoking in the mixing 
 house. The fire communicated to the powder, but was put out by 
 a bucket brigade without serious damage to the building. 
 
 This was the beginning of our Kenvil Plant. The man first 
 in charge of the nitro glycerine manufacture was Mr. Fred Johnson, 
 who also had charge of the plant until Mr. Charles Varney arrived 
 in 1872. We shall never know many of the difficulties which 
 "these pioneers encountered and overcame. We do know, however, that 
 Mr. Johnson, who was a chemist as well as a practical N. G. man, 
 had considerable trouble with the purity of his glycerine and we know 
 that he consulted chemists of the neighboring mines in an efi^ort to 
 iind some means of freeing his glycerine from the grease and dirt 
 with which his product was contaminated. Mr. Charles Varney 
 was first Plant Superintendent, holding that position from 1872 to 
 1875. In 1875, Mr. John C. Schrader became Superintendent and 
 he was succeeded in 1879 by Mr. R. S. Penniman. In 1882 Mr. Penni- 
 man left and Mr. Alfred Lovell, who had been in charge of the Judson 
 
220 
 
 Plant from 1881 to 1883 now became Superintendent of both Plants 
 and remained in charge until 1889. Mr. Penniman came back to 
 Kenvil as a chemist in 1885 and succeeded Mr. Lovell as Superintend- 
 ent in 1889^ continuing in that capacity until 1903. TTie next Super- 
 intendents were Mr. Charles Warner from 1903 to 1909; Mr. A. P. 
 Van Gelder from 1909 to 1918 and Mr. S. B. Moore from 1918 to 
 the present time. : 
 
 Some Dynamites were made with explosive dopes in 1872; the 
 dope consisting of ground rosin, sawdust and "potash saltpetre." 
 Soon after Mr. Penniman came to the plant he began to experiment 
 with the use of nitrate of ammonia and when he left in 1882, it was 
 with the purpose of manufacturing a nitrate of ammonia explosive 
 on a plant of his own. He did perfect the manufacture of this product 
 i(coating it with vaseline to protect it from moisture), on his plant 
 in the neighborhood of Philadelphia. Mr. Penniman returned to 
 Kenvil in 1884 or 1885 and began manufacturing the first nitrate of 
 ammonia dynamites. 
 
 Shortly after his return, an attempt was made to operate an acid 
 recovery at Kenvil. Such an attempt had been made in California a 
 few years previous by two Germans, but after the expenditure of con- 
 siderable money, their efforts were declared unsuccessful and their 
 proposition was dropped. At Kenvil a plant was built and operated 
 by Mr. Butterworth of the Butterworth-Judson Company. For a 
 long time, Mr. Butterworth gave this Plant his personal supervision, 
 but the process was very costly, because he was using glass containers 
 and a cascade system and the glass was breaking at a very discourag- 
 ing rate. Mr. Butterworth finally gave up the attempt and the work 
 was carried on by Mr. Penniman, who obtained better results by keep- 
 ing the fires more constant. Eventually, Mr. Penniman went to lead 
 and iron pans for concentrating sulphuric acid and the recovery became 
 a success. These were two tremendous strides in the dynamite busi- 
 ness, for it meant the elimination of a troublesome waste in the shape 
 of spent acid and tlie saving of a great deal of money bv the recovery 
 of this acid and the use of nitrate of ammonia. 
 
 The first big work for which Kenvil supplied dynamite was the 
 construction of the Lehigh Valley Railroad tunnel at Belwood. New 
 Jersey. In 1876, the Kenvil plant made powder for the first Hell Gate' 
 deepening. This order consisted of 50.000 lbs. and shipment was 
 made by canal boat by way of the Morris Canal, which borders the 
 plant property. The Kenvil Plant has been under five dift'erent com- 
 panies in its history — Atlantic Giant Powder Company, Atlantic Dyna- 
 mite Company, Eastern Dynamite Company, E. I. duPont deXemours 
 Powder Company and. since 1913, the Hercules Powder Company. 
 Up to the time of the Hercules Powder Company in 191 3. Kenvil was 
 devoted entirely to manufacturing dynamite and materials for dynamite- 
 manufacture. During that year, however, a Smokeless powder line 
 was built at Kenvil and the manufacture of Smokeless powder began 
 in the month of September. Up to the end of that year approximately 
 
221 
 
 I5,ooo lbs. of Smokeless powder had been made and just one pound 
 packed. This was indeed a small beginning for the tremendous output 
 which the Kenvil Plant attained during the war. The history of the 
 wartime manufacture of Smokeless Powder at Kenvil is too big 
 to be included here. Its triumphs are among the first of the remark- 
 able wartime achievements of this company. It might not be out 
 of place, however, to state that Kenvil produced more than 3,000,000 
 pounds of Cordite during some months of the war and was equipped 
 to make more than 100,000 pounds of Pyro Smokeless daily for the 
 U. S. Government when the Armistice was signed. In 191 7, two 
 T. N. T. lines were constructed at Kenvil, which struggled through 
 an unusually severe winter and finally, toward the end of the war, 
 emerged with some splendid record runs for T. N. T. units. Since the end 
 of the war the plant has gradually worked back to a status somewhat 
 approaching that of pre-war days. Its principle product still continues 
 to be dvnamite in all of the various forms which are required in 
 our present day civilization. It also manufactures Smokeless Powder 
 in a considerable variety of forms for the various types of fire arms 
 required for both military and sporting use — among these numbering 
 some of the most famous produced in this country, which have estab- 
 lished an enviable record for their accuracy and uniformity. Being 
 equipped with a complete acid plant, Kenvil produces acids for other 
 plants of the Hercules Powder Company which are not so completely 
 equipped. 
 
 We cannot leave tTie subject of the Kenvil Plant without pausing 
 for a moment to call attention to the caliber of the man who was the 
 Superintendent for the greatest length of time. Mr. Penniman was 
 a man of considerable resource and ingenuity, as will be seen from 
 what has been said of him above. But he was more than this — a 
 man of broad vision and in many ways far ahead of his time. At the 
 present day, portions of an acid line may be seen which he built from 
 the Jersey Central tracks to the Acid Plant for blowing acid from 
 tank cars directly into storage tanks. This was a project which he 
 built on his own initiative in the face of many declarations that acid 
 could not be blown such distances. Old residents now in the neighbor- 
 hood of the Kenvil Plant speak of him with veneration. Many of 
 them own their own liomes due to the solicitation of Mr. Penniman, 
 who started his employees in a Building and Loan organization. To 
 this day, some of the old employees of the plant still bring their 
 $5.00 a month to be deposited in the Building and Loan which was 
 started by Mr. Penniman. In 1903, Mr. Penniman was transferred 
 to the west coast to become a western General Manager of the dnPont 
 Plants. He died away from this part of the country, but Kenvil 
 will always claim him as one of her greatest sons. 
 
 Kenvil Plant comprises 12 15 acres of land and has about 80 
 tenant houses for employees. The Technical Club is situated a few 
 hundred feet from the gate aind during the war housed about 35 tech- 
 
222 
 
 nical men. The Hercules Club of Kenvil is more than a Recreationr 
 Club House for the employees of the Plant ; it has become the com- 
 munitv center for the surrounding country and villages. The Club- 
 is equipped with bowling alleys, pool tables and a store. 
 
 The Plant and its auxiliary dwelling houses and clubs constitutes, 
 a community which can almost be described as self-contained, merely- 
 lacking a store to make it justify that description. 
 
 THE PICATINNY ARSENAL 
 By Howard S. Deck 
 
 The Picatinny Arsenal is located in the Middle Forge Valley^ 
 Rockaway Township, Morris County, New Jersey. It includes i,6i6 
 acres surrounding Picatinny Peak and Picatinny Lake ; also a strip* 
 of land 50 feet wide from the Arsenal grounds proper to Spicertown^ 
 The original tract included also 315 acres, now a part of the Naval 
 Storage Base. Roughly, the tract extends from Mt. Hope and Hickory- 
 Hill on the east to the ridge of Green Pond Mountain on the west, 
 and from the southern end of the mountain on the south to the foot 
 of Lake Denmark on the north. There are several interesting items in 
 the geological history. Here originated the celebrated "Pudding Stone"' 
 or Green Pond Mountain conglomerate. It is believed that glaciers 
 covered this territory on at least two widely separated periods. To 
 those who can read the trail, the spoor left by these rivers of ice is 
 plainly marked in many parts of the Arsenal grounds. The leveling of 
 the mountain spur, which once extended south from the Peak, is 
 such a trail mark. The reversal of the flow of Green Pond Brook is 
 also laid to their charge. Before the days of the mastodon, the bones 
 of a number of which have been found within 20 miles, this brook flowed 
 northward and emptied into Lake Passaic. 
 
 The Indians who at a later date claimed the vicinity as hunting 
 ground were of the Lenni Lenape tribe and known to the early settlers 
 as Rockawaks. Their claim to the land was covered in the treaty of 
 Easton (Pa.) in 1758. 
 
 The following is a brief list of the early owners: Dutch by right of 
 discovery; King Charles II by conquest, Treaty of 1664; James. Duke 
 of York, by deed ; Sir George Carteret and Lord John Berkley, by deed; 
 the Twelve Proprietors, by deed. The returns on the Arsenal tract 
 were taken up by John Reading, one of the Proprietors, in 1723. 
 
 In 1749, Jonathan Osborne purchased the site at the foot of Pica- 
 tinny Peak, built a dam and erected a forge. Later, when a forge was 
 built at Lake Denmark, the Picatinny Peak forge was known as the 
 Middle Forge, presumably because of its location on Green Pond Brook 
 midway between Mt. Pleasant and Lake Denmark forges. 
 
 Little is known of the early history of the forge or its owner. Ore 
 was transported on horseback in leather bags and the finished bar iror 
 in the shape of a horseshoe on pack saddles. Four hundred to five. 
 
223 
 
 hundred pounds was considered a pack load, under which horses made 
 fifteen miles per day. From Middle Forge the route to tide water lay 
 over Mt. Hope to Rockaway. 
 
 In 1772 the Forge was acquired by Col. Jacob Ford, builder of the 
 historic continental powder mills at Morristown. It was at Middle 
 Forge that the "largest loop" forged in Morris County was made by 
 Col. Ford, in celebration of which we believe his wife baked him a 
 "short cake." This loop or bar weighed 28^ pounds. The Forge was 
 conveyed to Jacob Ford, Jr., in 1773, and by his executors to John 
 Jacob Faesch in 1778. Faesch was a Swiss, naturalized by special Act 
 of Congress. He was a master iron worker, operating a number of 
 forges. Under his management the Middle Forges made "cannon, shot, 
 bar iron, shovels, axes, and other iron implements for the Revolutionary 
 Army." Copies of correspondence record that the price asked for 
 cannon was "7d York money per pound," the Continental government 
 furnishing the patterns for the castings. In connection with this work 
 General Washington visited Faesch, Esq., and arranged with him for the 
 services of 250 Hessian prisoners for cutting wood, burning charcoal, 
 and operating the forges. Faesch paid nothing for the services of these 
 men, supplying them only with clothes, shelter, and food. It will be 
 recalled that the King of England hired these Hessian soldiers to fight 
 against the colonies, agreeing to pay not only for their services, but 
 also a per capita price on all men not returned. As many of the sur- 
 vivors preferred to remain in the New World, the bill to the King must 
 have seemed unjustly high. 
 
 In 1800, General John Dought}^ as Commissioner, conveyed the 
 Forge and a large tract to Moses Phillips, Jr., who rebuilt it and oper- 
 ated it as a single fire forge under the name of Aetna Forge. Early in 
 the century, the iron industry had some lean years. On December 18, 
 1816, the Aetna joined with the principal other forges in Morris County 
 in a "petition to the house of congress for the relief of persons inter- 
 ested in the manufacture of bar and cast iron in the U. S." 
 
 During Mr. Phillips' ownership noteworthy progress was made in 
 methods of transportation. In 1804, the turnpike from Dover to Sparta 
 was built. In 1806, the turnpike over Mt. Hope connecting with the 
 Dover-Sparta road was built. This marked the passing of the pac ' 
 saddle and consequentlv of "loops" bars. At about the time of the 
 opening of the Morris Canal, 1823-1833, the weight of "bars" was about 
 50 pounds. 
 
 The following extract from an advertisement, appearing in the 
 August 14, 1830, issue of "The Jerseyman," is of interest and indicates 
 that iron in the community was not only an article of commerce but 
 accepted as "coin of the Realm" : 
 
 " all the above articles are made by the subscribers and 
 
 warranted of the best quality, for sale at reduced prices for 
 cash or Bar Iron. — McFarlan & Ayres, late Blackwell & 
 McFarlan." 
 
224 
 
 In 1839, the Forge came into the possession of Jacob Richter and 
 in 1853 of George E. Richter, who operated it for several years, and 
 then allowed it to fall into decay. It was purchased by the Government 
 in 1879. 
 
 It is believed that, in its best days. Middle Forge employed not 
 less than 60 men, and produced 10 to 20 tons per week. During its 
 early years it shared prosperity and adversity with the industry in gen- 
 eral. Prior to 1776, rolled bars could not be made here, owing to a 
 prohibitory act of Parliament which fixed a penalty of 200 pounds Ster- 
 ling on each rolling mill. 
 
 The trip hammer anvil and tools used at Middle Forge are on exhi- 
 bition at the Arsenal. The anvil is about two feet square and weighs 
 roughly 4,000 pounds. The hammer has a 14-inch square face and 
 weighs about 600 pounds. While gathering data for this paper another 
 hammer was found among the ruins near the old Forge site. There was 
 also found a "puddle" of iron and slag, probably the remains of the last 
 "smelt" at Middle Forge. 
 
 The charcoal production rose and fell with the iron industry. Large 
 quantities of charcoal were consumed by each furnace. In 1777, Gen- 
 eral Washington reported the number of "iron works large and small" 
 in Morris County at between eighty and one hundred. The history of 
 the iron industry records instances where the consumption of charcoal 
 was so enormous that its use was regulated by law. 
 
 The need of a Government controlled place for the manufacture of 
 black powder was seriously felt during the Civil War, as was, also, the 
 need of Government owned storage. The records of the War Depart- 
 ment show that in 1866, a board of officers was convened in New York 
 City to consider the question and to recommend location of an Atlantic 
 Powder Depot. In July of 1879, the recommended tracts were inspected 
 by Major F. H. Parker, and later the Middle Forge tract became the 
 property of the Federal Government, Major Parker being the first Com- 
 manding Officer, 
 
 On September 10, 1880, on the recommendation of Major Parker, 
 the Depot was designated the "Picatinny Powder Depot." In July, 
 1883, the name was changed to "U. S. Powder Depot at Dover, N. J." 
 Again in 1907 the name was changed to "The Picatinny Arsenal." The 
 orders, reports, and correspondence relating to this period of the 
 Arsenal's history have been published a number of times. 
 
 The meaning of the name Picatinny Peak or Pickatinny Beak, as it 
 appears on earlier maps, has been the occasion of extended and not 
 altogether fruitful search. The interpretation, "The smaller end face of 
 the endless hills," is partial. The name also implies locality, but just 
 what the boundaries of this locality are has not been determined. 
 
 From 1880 to 1890 the storage of black powder received first con- 
 sideration. For this purpose a number of buildings were erected. 
 Late in 1886 the Morris County Railroad (now Wharton and North- 
 em), was built, connecting the depot with the country's transportation 
 lines. From 1890 to 1900 no active effort was made to establish a black 
 
225 
 
 powder manufacturing plant at the Arsenal. The storage capacity was 
 increased and unsuccessful efforts were made to obtain authorization 
 and funds for an experimental smokeless powder laboratory. In 
 1906, Congress appropriated funds for this purpose and manufacture 
 began early in 1908, with the factory at a rated capacity of 3,000 
 pounds per day. The following year this was increased to 9,000 
 pounds per day. These figures will perhaps mean more by way of 
 comparison. At the time of the signing of the Armistice of 1919, 
 this was less than one per cent, of the country's daily production of 
 smokeless powder. Viewed from another angle, this amount would 
 load 6,000 rounds for the French 75s or 250 rounds for the famous 
 155s, and but ten full charges for one of our larger seacoast defense 
 guns. It must not be assumed that the powder for these guns is inter- 
 changeable. Powder is made for and can be used in particular models 
 of guns only, and it is rarely interchangeable. For this reason the large 
 quantities of smokeless powder made during the World War for 
 Field Artillery cannot be used in our coast defenses. 
 
 Practically all standard smokeless powders are cylindrical, rang- 
 ing in size from the diameter of a pin to the familiar broom stick. The 
 length is usually several times the diameter. Small grains have one 
 perforation through the long way of the grain ; larger grains have 
 several. The grains are hard like bone and have the general dark 
 brown appearance of polished American walnut. 
 
 Early in the present century the use of modern high explosives as a 
 bursting charge in projectiles received much consideration, and after 
 several years of experimenting, a rather complete plant was put into 
 operation. The machine shop in which the final work on projectiles 
 was done stood on the site of the old Middle Forge. 
 
 In 19T1 Congress appropriated funds for the erection of a factory 
 for the manufacture of Explosive "D," the authorized bursting 
 charge for armor piercing projectiles. Production was maintained 
 until the summer of 1918, when the more pressing need for personnel 
 in other lines of production led to a shut down. The factory has 
 since been dismantled and replaced by equipment that will permit of 
 more varied production. 
 
 Contemporary with the addition of factories there were added 
 the necessary chemical and physical laboratories for the control and 
 test of the material in the manufacturing process. With the develop- 
 ment of the work, there came demands for research, testing, and prov- 
 ing, for which equipment was added from time to time. 
 
 With the entry of the United States into the World War we find 
 the Arsenal with factories fitted to manufacture on a small scale, to 
 develop new processes, and to do research work on active agents that 
 go into ammunition. Of greater importance than all of these was the 
 personnel educated in the work and in Government ways and methods. 
 The Arsenal's greatest contribution to the cause of the Allies lay in 
 the training it had given to these men, many of whom, because of 
 the knowledge thus acquired, came to stand high in the councils of 
 
226 
 
 the War Department, and assisted in building the great structure on 
 which the production of munitions was built. 
 
 The Names of the Commanding Officers of the Arsenal with the 
 dates of assuming and relinquishing command are as follows : 
 
 Major F. H. Parker. Sept. 6, i88(^Nov. 29. 1882. 
 Major J. P. Farley. Apr. 4, 1883 — June 27, 1887. 
 Major F. H. Phipps. July i, 1887 — Oct. 22, 1890. 
 Major J. W. Reilly. Oct. 22, 1890— Jan. 21, 1892. 
 Col. J. *M. Whittemore. Mar. 10, 1892 — Mar. 23, 1897. 
 Col. A. R. Buffington. Mar. 23. 1897 — April 7, 1899. 
 Col. L. S. Babbitt. May 5, 1899— Feb. 18, 1903. 
 Col. O. B. Mitcham, July 16, 1902 — May 14, 1907. 
 Major B. W. Dunn. Mar. 26, 1907 — June 10, 1907. 
 Major O. C. Horney. June 10, 1907 — July 14, 191 5. 
 Lt. Col. J. C. Nicholls. July 14, 191 5 — Nov. 9, 1915. 
 Col. J. W. Joyes. Nov. 9, 1915 — May 27, 1917. 
 Col. J. C. Nicholls. May 27, 1917 — Oct. 22, 1918. 
 Lt. Col. R. L. Maxwell. Oct. 22, 1918 — Jan. 5, 1919. 
 Lt. Col. R. W. Pinger. Jan. 5, 19 19 — Aug. 22, 1919. 
 Lt. Col. F. H. Miles, Jr. Aug. 22, 1919 — July 22, 1920. 
 Lt. Col. E. M. Shinkle. July 22, 1920 — Feb., 1921. 
 Major F. H. Miles. Jr. Feb., 1921 — Aug. 31, 1921. 
 Major J. H. Pelot. Aug. 31, 1921 — 
 
 The names of officers who have served at Picatinny Arsenal as 
 assistants are as follows: 
 
 Major W. H. Tschappat Lieut. L. J. Ahern 
 
 Capt. D. C. Seagrave Lieut. C. E. Patridge 
 
 Capt. T. L. Coles Capt. C. T. Harris 
 
 Major J. C. Nicholls Capt. J. B. Fidlar 
 
 Capt. J. H. Burns i Capt. G. R. Hartrick. 
 
 Lieut. F. G. Wallace 
 
 A partial list of the emergency officers who trained at Picatinny 
 Arsenal is as follows : 
 
 Major A. L. Kibler Capt. J. A. Marshall 
 
 Capt. J. S. Bates Capt. E. H. Davis 
 
 Capt. C. A. Tibbals Lieut. A. Given 
 
 Capt. G. R. Roe Lieut. D. L. Rehlaender. 
 Capt. J. F. Cyphers 
 
 The activities of the Great War brought no extensive increased 
 facilities or production to the Arsenal. On a broader plan, the knowl- 
 edge gained was used in initiating production at points and under condi- 
 tions favoring production on a larger scale. The facilities and labora- 
 tories at the .'Vrsenal were used to train novices in the arts of ammuni- 
 tion production and in War Department methods. Thus the Arsenal 
 became a Bureau of Standards for makers of ammunition. 
 
227 
 
 The Armistice found the Arsenal with no plans for the future. 
 The imperative heed of storage facilities for housing, first, the tre- 
 mendous aniounts of war material in this country, and, second, the 
 equally large amounts returnable from abroad overshadowed all else. 
 In helping to solve this problem Picatinny did more than its full share. 
 No one associated with the Arsenal during the past three and one- 
 half years will deny the herculean proportions of this task. 
 
 During this period of production inactivity, the peace time pro- 
 gram for ammunition was worked out. Picatinny Arsenal was desig- 
 nated as the ammunition Arsenal for the Army, and charged with 
 the responsibility of keeping alive all the arts in connection with the 
 production of ammunition. Work preparatory to carrying out of the 
 program then outlined is now nearing completion. 
 
 To-day the Arsenal employees number about one thousand, nearly 
 all of whom are drawn from the Dover-Wharton community. The 
 office staff, with the exception of officers and technical men, is com- 
 posed almost entirely of men and women who were educated in local 
 institutions. 
 
 The following is a list of official personnel and their work: 
 
 Major J. H. Pelot — Commanding Officer. 
 
 Major IT. C. Davis, Jr — Metal Components and Planning Divisions. 
 
 Major J. Herbert Hunter — Explosives and Chemical Divisions. 
 
 Capt. J. C. Vickery — Adjutant. 
 
 Capt. J. P. Harris — Loading and Service Divisions. 
 
 Capt. D. C. Hall — Ammunition School. 
 
 Lieut. M. H. Davis — Storage Division. 
 
 In the preparation of this synopsis, much information was 
 obtained from the records in the Dover Librar)^ various publications, 
 the historical societies of New York, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey. 
 The files of Dr. George Lebaw, author of "The History of Preakness," 
 and Mr. William Roome, who is in possession of the records of the 
 original Middle Forge survey, were called on for dates and informa- 
 tion. 
 
 ATLAS POWDER COMPANY 
 
 The Forcite W^orks of the Atlas Powder Co., of Wilmiington, Del., 
 had its beginning thirty-nine years ago. Its founders were mostly 
 Belgians and Swedes, who July, 1883, on the Southern end of Lake 
 Hopatcong, near Landing, N. J., began the construction of a plant 
 which was known as the American Forcite Powder Manufacturing 
 Company. Mr. Eisler was superintendent in charge of construction. 
 The first employee was Mr. Charles Tice, who has remained continu- 
 ously in the employ of the company. Mr. John Anthony Johnson, 
 still employed at the works, and Mr. Lewis Brown, recently retired on 
 pension, were also among the first employees. Mr. Eisler remained as 
 superintendent until April i, 1884 when Mr. J. K. Sundstron was 
 appointed to that position. From that time up to the present the 
 
228 
 
 superintendency was held by a number of men. Their names and 
 the terms of their office were as follows : 
 
 March, 1887 to Oct., 1887— Mr. A. W. Nibelins. 
 
 Oct., 1887 to Jan., 188— The late Mr. Gustaf Reinberg. 
 
 Jan., 1888 to April, 1892 — Mr. J. B. Smith, of Succasunna. N. J. 
 
 Superintendent Smith was killed at the Forcite Works by the 
 explosion of April 18, 1892. 
 
 April, 1892 to Jan., 1894 — Mr. Bromaine. 
 
 Jan., 1894 to May, 1900 — The late Mr. T. H. Johnson. 
 
 May. 1900 to May, 1906 — Mr. Geo. E. Potts. 
 
 Mr. Potts resigned May i, 1906. 
 
 May, 1906 to July, 1906 — Mr. Chas. A. Patterson. 
 
 Mr. Patterson was transferred to one of the other works as 
 Superintendent and was succeeded by : 
 
 July, 1906 to Dec, 1912 — Mr. A. P. VanGelder. 
 
 Jan., 1913 to July, 1917 — Mr. E. J. Riederer. 
 
 July, 1917 to Nov., 1917 — Mr. J. T. Power. 
 
 Nov., 1917 to Nov., 1921 — Mr. A. Nelson Chase. 
 
 Mr. Chase' was transferred to another works of the company and 
 Mr. J. B. Turner was appointed Superintendent. 
 
 A Mr. Sundholm appeared to have been the active head of the 
 original plant until about 1890 when Mr. Clarence W. Markey obtained 
 control of the stock of the company. In about 1900 the du Pont Com- 
 pany obtained control and held it until December 31, 1912, when, due 
 to a decree of the U. S. District Court, the du Pont Company was 
 divided into three independent companies. The Forcite Works then 
 passed into the hands of the Atlas Powder Company, one of the three 
 new companies formed. 
 
 The probable reason for establishing the Forcite Works on the 
 shores of Lake Hopatcong was no doubt due to the proximity to 
 New York and the various iron and zinc mines in Morris and Sussex 
 Counties. At that time the shores of Lake Hopatcong were very 
 thinly populated. It had yet to become the summer resort it now is. 
 
 The first gelatin dynamite to be made in the United States was 
 manufactured at the Forcite Works on April 2, 1884. The product 
 was known as 75 per cent, gelatin. The formula for this explosive 
 was worked out by a European concern and the American Forcite 
 Powder Manufacturing Company was licensed to make it in America. 
 At that time; the gelatin dynamite was mixed in a copper bowl. 
 Two men working with wooden paddles, mixed the ingredients by 
 hand. 
 
 In 1895 dynamite was manufactured at Forcite. All of this was 
 hand packed until August, 1900, when the hand Quinan Packing 
 Machine was installed. This machine was replaced in 1908 bv the Hall 
 Packing Machine. 
 
 In 1917 Mr. Riederer was transferred to the General Office at 
 Wilmington. 
 
229 
 
 In 191 3 electric power was supplied throughout the plant. Pre- 
 vious to that time compressed air and steam were the only forms of 
 power used. 
 
 No raw materials for the manufacture of its products are obtained 
 in the vicinity of the Forcite Works. Supplies must be obtained 
 from many sources, some of them from foreign countries. 
 
 The class of labor required for the manufacture of explosives 
 is probably above the average. It is endeavored, at all times, to obtain 
 men who use the utmost care in following their vocation. Foremen 
 are usually men who have been advanced from the "ranks." Super- 
 intendents, Assistant Superintendents, Chemists and Supervisors are 
 mostlv professional men who have completed a college training, but 
 there are numerous exceptions to this rule. 
 
 The Forcite Works has furnished explosives for many notable 
 enterprises. Among the most important was the construction of the 
 D., L. & W. "Cut-ofT" from Port Morris, N. J., through Blairstown 
 to the Delaware River. Practically all the explosives used in this 
 project were made at Forcite. 
 
 During the late war, Forcite Works made large quantities of 
 sulphuric and nitric acids which were used in other industries making- 
 war materials. The main product was nitro-cotton for smokeless 
 powder manufacture. Large quantities of Nitrate of Ammonia were 
 also made, and shipped to other points where it was mixed with 
 T. N. T. and other ingredients for High Explosive Shells. At the 
 close of the war, the plant was re-arranged to again manufacture only 
 Nitro Glycerine and dynamite used in mines, quarries, etc., and nitric 
 and sulphuric acids used in various industries. 
 
 In June, 1922, the Forcite Works employed one hundred and 
 eleven men, nine of whom live in Dover. Mr. Marshall Sanders of 
 Dover has been transferred to the Works at Wilmington, Delaware. 
 
 NAVAL AMMUNITION DEPOT, LAKE DENMARK, 
 DOVER, N. J. 
 
 Th Naval Ammunition Depot, Lake Denmark, Dover, N. J., 
 located in the township of Rockaway and near Lake Denmark, seven 
 miles from the town of Dover, N. J., was established in 1891, and is 
 under the cognizance of the Bureau of Ordnance, Navy Department. 
 The original tract of land comprising this Depot was ceded by the War 
 Department to the Navy Department in 1891 and comprised 315 
 acres. In 1902 two additional tracts of land containing 78.58 acres 
 were purchased and by proclamation of the President of the United 
 States, dated August 7, 19 18, 673^ acres of land were commandeered, 
 making the present total acreage of this Depot 451.08. 
 
 The first appropriation of any large amount made by Congress 
 for the development of the Depot was contained in the Naval Appro- 
 priation Act of June 7, 1900, and from that date until the entrance 
 of the United States into the World War in 1917 the growth of the 
 Depot was steady. During 1917 and 1918 the storage capacity of this 
 plant was more than doubled. 
 
230 
 
 This Depot is served by the Wharton and Northern Railroad 
 and connecting lines, has its own interior system of railroad tracks, 
 switches, locomotives, power, electric light and water systems. The 
 principal activity of the Depot is the storage of Ammunition and 
 Ammunition details for the Navy Department. 
 
 The classes of labor employed are the necessary clerical, mechan- 
 ical, and common labor required to meet the demands of the Bureau 
 of Ordnance in handling the material shipped to and from the Depot. 
 
 This Depot was originally under the jurisdiction of the Com- 
 mandant, Navy Yard, League Island. Philadelphia, Pa., and later 
 under the Commandant of the Navy Yard, New York. In 1910 the 
 Lake Denmark Depot, together with the other Navy Ammunition 
 Depots in the New York District were placed under the Command of 
 the Inspector of Ordnance in Charge, Naval Ammunition Depot, lona 
 Island, N. Y., and in September, 1919, it became an independent activ- 
 ity of the Third Naval District. 
 
 The present Inspector of Ordnance in Charge is Commander 
 David Lyons, U. S. N., and the following officers have been in charge 
 of the Depot at various times. 
 
 Commander J. B. Coghlan, U. S. N. 
 Gunner P. Lvnch, U. S. N. 
 Gunner G. Albro, U. S. N. 
 Chief Gunner C. Dugan, U. S. N. 
 Lieutenant M. W. Gilmartin, U. S. N. 
 Gunner T. B. Watson, U. S. N. 
 Chief Gunner H. Johnsen, U. S. N. 
 Chief Gunner C. B. Babson, U. S. N. 
 Lieutenant H. Sinclair, U. S. N. 
 Chief Gunner J. C. McDermott, U. S. N. 
 Lieutenant Samuel Chiles, U. S. N. 
 Chief Gunner W. J. Creelman, U. S. N. 
 
 IRO'N WORKS, MINES, PIG IRON, STEEL 
 IRON 
 
 ULSTER IRON WORKS, INC. 
 
 The Ulster Iron Works of Dover now occupy the site where 
 iron works have been carried on, under changing proprietors, since 
 1745 or thereabouts. The first forge, built by John Jackson in 1722, 
 has already been described in this book. Joseph Shotwell's purchase 
 of 91 acres in 1745 — the heart of Dover — has been mentioned. Iron 
 works on the Rockaway River at that period have been referred to. 
 Hence it seems safe to say that iron works have been carried on upon 
 the present site of the Ulster Iron Works for about 175 years. 
 
 The succession has been traced in other parts of this book — 
 Joseph Shotwell 1745, Robert Schooley, Joseph and Stephen Jackson 
 
231 
 
 1768, Beman 1757, Canfield & Losey 1792, Blackwell & McFarlan, 
 1817-1869. (See Dover History.) 
 
 An old map of 1825 shows that Dover at that date consisted chiefly 
 of the iron v^^orks on the Rockaway of which Blackwell and McFarlan 
 were then proprietors, having taken them over from Canfield and 
 Losey in 181 7. On this map different buildings are marked by the 
 letters of the alphabet and explained in a key to the list, showing 
 seven dwellings, blacksmith shop, carpenter shop, saw mill, coal (char- 
 coal) house, new rolling mill, rolling and slitting mill, new iron house, 
 chain proof, turning mill, cyder house, forge, another carpenter shop, 
 wood house, new coal house, grindstone, another blacksmith shop, 
 chain shop, another coal house, tavern, barn, chair house, store, school, 
 steel furnace, stone buildings marked xx and frame buildings yy. 
 
 Henry McFarlan, Jr., closed the old iron works in 1869, retiring 
 from active business, and sold the property in 1880 to the Dover Iron 
 Company, organized by Judge Francis S. Lathrop, receiver of the 
 Central Railroad, from stockholders of that railroad. (See the 
 article on C. R. R. in this book.) 
 
 The UJlster Iron Works originated at Saugerties, Ulster County, 
 New York. Building operations were commenced in 1825. In 1827 
 the Ulster Iron Works Company was formed with William Young, 
 president. Various changes occurred in the control of the works dur- 
 ing the next fifty years, in the course of which C. R. Mulligan and 
 his brother William became associated with the business. 
 
 C. R. Mulligan retired from the firm in 1876 and in 1883 took 
 the management; of the Dover Iron Works at Dover, N. J. In 1884 
 the; manufacture of Ulster Iron at Saugerties became unprofitable, 
 owing to lack of railroad connection. The business was then trans- 
 ferred to Dover, where the Dover Iron Works organized by Judge 
 Lathrop had the advantage of the new branch of the Central R. R., 
 recently constructed. 
 
 In 1903 C. R. Mulligan and his son, John Mulligan, bought the 
 property of the Dover Iron Works from the stockholders, and changed 
 the name of the concern to "Ulster Iron Works, Inc.," carrying on in 
 Dover the manufacture of that special grade of iron long known fav- 
 orably to the trade as "Ulster Iron" from Saugerties, N. Y. 
 
 During the Saugerties history John Simmons figured prominently 
 in the early development and success of the Ulster Iron Works. To 
 him has been ascribed the introduction of the Double Puddling Fur- 
 nace as well as some other developments of furnace construction 
 which are still employed in the manufacture of Ulster Iron. It is 
 also claimed that puddling was first practiced in this country at the 
 Saugerties Mill. 
 
232 
 
 At the present writing (1922) the firm is organized as follows: 
 President, C. R. Mulligan ; Vice-President, John Mulligan ; Secretary- 
 Treasurer, J. D. B. Vreeland ; General Manager, Frank W, Hamilton. 
 The output is marketed by Joseph T. Ryerson & Son, 30 Church St., 
 New York. 
 
 The works employ, when running to capacity, about 450 men, con- 
 sisting of puddlers and puddlers' helpers, heaters and helpers, rollers 
 and roll hands, and ordinary laborers. 
 
 The business depends upon the prosperity and general conditions 
 of the railroads, the prospects being fair at the present time for a 
 revival of activity. 
 
 The process employed at these works consists of the conversion 
 of pig-iron (cast iron) into wrought iron by means of puddling fur- 
 naces and the ' subsequent rolling of the material into merchant bars. 
 
 The principal raw materials used are pig iron from Pennsylvania 
 and New Jersey blast furnaces, charcoal pig-iron from the Lake 
 Superior district, ore for fettling from mines of Witherbee, Sherman & 
 Co., Port Henry, N. Y., and bituminous coal from Pennsylvania coal 
 mines. 
 
 The equipment consists of double puddling furnaces, heating 
 furnaces and roll trains of the type usually employed in this line of 
 business. 
 
 The products are Ulster special locomotive staybolt iron and Ulster 
 engine bolt iron. Only pig iron of the gray forge grade is used and 
 no scrap whatever is charged into the puddling furnaces. 
 
 Extensive additions to the original plant of the Ulster Iron Works 
 have been made in recent years, at some distance further north on 
 the Rockaway River. A description of these additions and improve- 
 ments was published in the Iron Trade Reineiv of March 13, 1919, 
 from which the following abstract is taken. 
 
 Expansion of the merchant bar iron industry in the eastern states 
 has proceeded very slowly during the past few decades. Few of 
 the plants devoted to this product reflect any marked improvements 
 or extensions. Most of them have been in existence for many years 
 and the methods and the equipment in use have not been affected 
 noticeably by the passing time. In view of this situation the erection 
 of a new and modern puddling mill by the Ulster Iron Works, Dover, 
 N. J., looms up as the most important recent development in the progress 
 of this industry in the East. The company will have a capacity of 
 from 80 to 100 tons in 24 hours, or more than double its best previous 
 output when the new mill is in operation. Its old plant has eleven 
 double puddling furnaces. The new plant now contains eleven com- 
 plete double puddling furnaces and space is provided for a second 
 group of eleven furnaces, for which the brick and other materials 
 are now at hand. Ultimately the puddling capacity of the entire 
 works will be 125 to 150 tons daily. 
 
233 
 
 The new plant in its entiret}^ was laid out in accordance with 
 ideas advanced by John Mulligan, working in conjunction with the 
 T. W. Price Engineering Company, Woolworth Building, New York 
 City. The latter interest had charge of designing a large portion of 
 the work, and also the superintendence of construction and contracts. 
 
 In the new plant are to be found all the devices which ingenuity 
 may suggest for the saving of time and labor, such as a monorail 
 system, two overhead conveyors, a magnet crane for unloading pig 
 iron from incoming cars. 
 
 Consideration for comfortable working conditions for the men 
 has been one of the dominating factors determining the design of 
 the new plant. The sides of the building can be opened in hot weather 
 and the rolling of the hot iron is done away from the vicinity of the 
 puddling furnace standings. 
 
 The power used in the Ulster Iron Works is mostly steam, 
 although there is electric connection for certain purposes. 
 
 DOVER BOILER WORKS 
 
 The Dover Boiler Works was started in 1874 by Foster F. Birch, 
 for many years a well-known citizen of Dover and father of the 
 present owner, William F. Birch. 
 
 It originally occupied a small rented building on the premises 
 of the Ulster Iron Works ; later moving to the old school house at 
 the foot of Morris street, this site now being occupied by Mr. Heller 
 as a wholesale grocery warehouse. From a small repair shop only 
 doing hand repair work, and having only one or two men, the plant 
 has grown until at present it is the largest and best equipped con- 
 tract Plate Work Shop in the New York District and possibly the 
 entire East. 
 
 The work manufactured consists of a general line of steel plate 
 work, such as, tanks for all purposes, stacks, flues, flumes, stills, dryers, 
 coal bins, ash hoppers, etc. These are made of steel plate and shapes 
 such as angles, I-beams, channels, rounds, squares, rivets, bolts, cast- 
 ings, etc., etc. 
 
 These materials are secured from the large steel mills, such as, 
 Bethlehem Steel Company, Bethlehem, Pa. ; Midvale Steel Company, 
 of Johnstown, Coatesville and Philadelphia; Lukens Steel Company of 
 Coatesville, Pa. ; Worth Steel Company of Claymont, Del. ; Central 
 Iron and Steel Company of Harrisburg, Pa. ; The Phoenix Iron Com- 
 pany of Phoenixville, Pa., etc. Practically all of this steel is made 
 from ore coming from the famous Messaba Range in the Lake Superior 
 district. 
 
 The output of the Dover Boiler Works goes all over the United 
 States and practically all over the world. 
 
 The most famous buildings in the United States have Dover 
 Boiler Works equipment in them. The Woolworth Building in New 
 York City, the highest in the world, has the stack and also the tanks 
 made by the Dover Boiler Works. 
 
.234 
 
 The Equitable Building, the largest building in the world, has the 
 stack built by the Dover Boiler Works. This stack is ii feet in 
 diameter and 640 feet high. 
 
 On the Pacific Coast, in Seattle, Washington, the L. C. Smith 
 Building, which is 40 stories high and the highest on the West 
 Coast, has a Dover stack in it. 
 
 Troubled Mexico has a great deal of Dover equipment in its oil 
 refineries, mines and plantations. 
 
 Porto Rico, Cuba and the West Indies have many Dover installa- 
 tions helping to operate sugar plantations, oil refineries and asphalt 
 plants. 
 
 South America is dotted with equipment from Dover. In the 
 silver mines of Peru, among the peaks of the Andes, in Brazil and 
 the Argentine, Dover helps to recover silver, produce electric current, 
 :operate abattoirs and other enterprises. 
 
 In distant India the most modern of blast furnaces are partly 
 Dover equipment. 
 
 Far away China has several installations for handling and refin- 
 ing Soya Bean Oil. It also has modern cotton mills, some of which 
 are operated by Dover equipment. 
 
 In Penang there are cement mills with equipment from Dover. 
 
 In the Philippines are several sugar plantations, cocoanut oil sta- 
 tions, etc., with materials from Dover. 
 
 Snowy Siberia has also some Dover equipment in its gold mines. 
 
 Norway produces aluminum in large quantities and Dover appar- 
 atus is helping to do it. 
 
 In Old England, in Sunny France, in Africa and in practically 
 the whole world, equipment manufactured by the Dover Boiler Works 
 helps to do the world's work. 
 
 The Dover Boiler Works is owned by Mr. William F. Birch, who 
 is also the General Manager. The products of the Works are sold from 
 three offices, viz : One in Dover, New Jersey, with Mr. J. V. Loughlin 
 in charge ; one in New York City with Mr. Walter Goldsworthy in 
 charge; one in Philadelphia, Pa., with Mr. Henry F. Vache in charge. 
 
 Dover is an excellent location for a works of this character. Being 
 only 38 miles from New York City, it is easily and quickly reached 
 by freight ; but, if necessary, work is trucked to its destination, thus 
 •avoiding freight delays. 
 
 About one hundred and fifty persons are employed, including engi- 
 neers, bookkeepers, stenographers, clerks, boilermakers, machinists, 
 blacksmiths, welders, flangers, pipe-fitters, patternmakers, electricians, 
 handymen and laborers. 
 
235 
 
 THE McKIERNAN-TERRY DRILL COMPANY 
 DOVER N. J. 
 
 Mr. Samuel G. McKiernan, a contractor of Paterson, N. J., along 
 about 1890 developed a rock drill of what is now commonly known as 
 the tripod type. At the same time Mr. Gustave Reinberg, associated 
 with the Atlantic Dynamite Co., was furnishing Mr. McKiernan with 
 powder on his contracting work, and a friendship grew out of this 
 business association which later brought the two together as partners. 
 McKiernan at that time had his drills manufactured in Paterson and 
 Mr. Reinberg undertook their exploitation in the territory which he 
 was traveling for the Powder Co. 
 
 The business prospered and in 1895 a corporation was fonned 
 known as the ]\IcKiernan Drill Co. To increase the market for the 
 jVIcKiernan drill, an air compressor was manufactured for the new 
 company by the Lambert Ploisting Engine Co. of Newark. The busi- 
 ness continued to grow to such an extent that in October, 1900, a 
 piece of property was purchased on Richards avenue. Dover, N. J., 
 where its plant was established and which it has occupied up to the 
 present time. 
 
 At about the time the Dover property was acquired there began 
 to be an occasional demand for pile hammers for driving wooden sheet- 
 ing in trenching operations. This device was an adaptation of the 
 standard rock drill which the company was building. 
 
 The McKiernan drill became well and favorably known among 
 mines in the regions about Dover and for a number of years was stand- 
 ard equipment with them. Several large quarry companies in the Plud- 
 son River valley also became converts to McKiernan apparatus, so 
 with the growing trade, new machinery was installed in the factory and 
 the facilities for production largely increased. 
 
 In 1910 the McKiernan Drill Co. absorbed The Terry Core Drill 
 Co., the latter organization being manufacturers of a core drill for 
 exploratory work which had gained a considerable reputation at home 
 and abroad. With the consolidation there came into the organization 
 a new personnel, and with the exception of Mr. Gustave Reinberg, 
 who died in 1915, the same official organization is still in charge of 
 the enterprise. 
 
 In mechanical lines styles change as well as they do in other 
 industries, artd so in 1910 there was a departure from the conventional 
 type of drilling equipment and the introduction of what is now com- 
 monly known as the ''one man" drill. At the same time there came 
 about an increased demand for pile-driving equipment incident to the 
 exploitation of steel sheet piling, which was introduced into the market 
 by some of the large steel manufacturers.- The growing business in 
 this line made necessary the development of very much larger pile 
 hammers than the Company had made before. For the successful 
 use of steel sheet piling it was necessary to have a reliable pile-driving 
 
236 
 
 hammer, and so it can readily be seen that the success of one depended" 
 largely upon the other, and so it follows that with the introduction of 
 steel sheet piling throughout this country and in foreign lands, the 
 pile hammer followed as a companion to it. 
 
 Other articles of manufacture are lifting jacks, known in the 
 trade as the "Doughboy Jack," a name to which it is justly entitled 
 as it represents a development far ahead of anything of its kind hereto- 
 fore made. Drills, of course, are one of the standard products and^ 
 like any household tool, are too well known to warrant describing. 
 
 The addition of a large building during the war period increased 
 the capacity of the plant and with improved business conditions, the 
 company will have accommodation for an increased volume of trade 
 which in the future will inure to the benefit of the community. 
 
 To-day McKiernan-Terry products are a familiar name in every 
 country throughout the world, its pile-driving apparatus in particular 
 being standard not only with all large engineering and construction 
 firms in the United States, but also in all other countries in the world 
 where pile-driving of any kind is done. 
 
 During the world war McKiernan-Terry Pile Hammers played 
 their part. They drove practically all of the piling, several miles 
 in extent, for the new harbor at Richboro, England, from which point 
 the British shipped the bulk of their supplies and troops to France. 
 This was what was known as "The Netted Way." 
 
 Their use in English dock-yards and for artillery foundations, 
 and huilding foundations, was another place where they figured 
 conspicuously. 
 
 In France the French engineers used them at the front for driving- 
 piles for the emplacement of guns. They also came into use when 
 temporary bridges were erected and their speedy work was greater 
 than would have been possible had the engineers been obliged to resort 
 to the old type of drop hammer. 
 
 At the conclusion of the war the French engineers made special 
 mention of McKiernan-Terry pile hammers in a report which they 
 submitted to this Government. 
 
 In our own country, this apparatus played its part in the war 
 period at such places as the great shipyard at Hog Island and other 
 large ones in the South and on the Pacific Coast, at some of the 
 cantonments, quartermasters' terminals, and in many other important 
 and necessary projects of the time. 
 
 As a peace-time device, it has played an equally important part 
 in the construction of great engineering enterprises throughout the 
 world. 
 
 In the building of subways in the United States it has predomin- 
 ated. It has played an important part in similar work in Paris, Buenos 
 Aires, and Tokyo. 
 
 In the building of dams the call for McKiernan-Terry pile ham- 
 mers has come from many large cities in India, South Africa, Siam, 
 
\ 
 
 237 
 
 'On the Murray River in Australia, and such other remote corners as 
 New Zealand. 
 
 In the building of highways for transportation, Nome and Fair- 
 banks, Alaska, join hands with Cape Town. Through the Strait Set- 
 tlements into the Jungles of Java, in fact, there is scarcely any place 
 in the world where any important engineering operation has been 
 performed, that McKieman-Terry pile hammers have not followed 
 in the wake of the engineer. 
 
 Mr. T. E. Sturtevant, long a resident of Rockaway, N. J., has 
 been associated with the company since 1900. To his effort is attrib- 
 uted the development of the various lines which the company is now 
 manufacturing. Mr. Sturtevant was in charge of the plant for a 
 number of years and also served as an officer of the company. Later 
 on he became the company's Chief Engineer, which position he still 
 occupies, as well as that of Treasurer. He is the only one of the orig- 
 inal McKiernan Drill Co. officials, who is still active in the organiza- 
 tion. 
 
 Mr. A. W. Buttenheim, President, came into the organization 
 with The Terry Core Drill Co. in 1910. Mr. Buttenheim is Vice-Presi- 
 dent of The Frederick Snare Corp., a large and successful engineering 
 and contracting concern in New York. Despite his many duties inci- 
 dent to that business, he has been able to give valuable time and atten- 
 tion to the interests of the McKiernan-Terry Drill Co. 
 
 Mr. Buttenheim's brother, Lester H. Buttenheim, from 1910 until 
 1921 was attached to the sales organization of the company in New 
 York City, since when he has become Vice-President and Super- 
 intendent of the Dover Works. 
 
 Mr. Charles S. Ackley, Secretary, with headquarters in New 
 York, and also a Terry Core Drill officer, has been in charge of sales 
 since 1910. 
 
 After Mr. L. H. Buttenheim left the selling organization to 
 assume his duties in Dover, his place was filled in the New York 
 office by Mr. Earle R. Evans, who is also Assistant Secretary and 
 Assistant Treasurer of the Company. 
 
 A word with reference to the employees of the organization may 
 tiot be amiss. Many of those who started with the company at its 
 Dover plant in 1900, are still members of the organization. Sev- 
 eral have never had employment in any other concern and have grown 
 tip and developed there as skilled artisans. Practically 90 per cent, 
 ■of the factory employees are skilled workmen, such as tool makers, 
 pattern makers, blacksmiths, machinists, draftsmen, etc. By reason 
 of the depressed condition in business, the number of employees at the 
 present is only about one-half of those engaged in normal times. It 
 is expected, though, that with a betterment in trade conditions, both 
 foreign and domestic the number of employees will be much larger 
 than at any time in the past. The handiwork of these crafts- 
 men has been attested by mechanical critics both in this country and 
 abroad. This, in itself, is a commentary on a few of Dover's citizens 
 in which the town should take pride. 
 
238 
 
 The fact that many of the company's employees have seen service, 
 for two decades, is proof of the fairness of the company's manage- 
 ment toward them. Many of the workers are stockholders in the 
 company and it has been a policy of the management to interest all 
 those who are able to do so in the purchase of its shares in order 
 that they may feel that they haye a real interest in the success and 
 prosperity of the McKiernan-Teny Drill Co., and as a safe invest- 
 ment for their savings. 
 
 After twenty years of persistent work and the advertising of its 
 product, there is no longer any doubt in the minds of a prospective 
 buyer as to where the factory of the McKiernan-Terry Drill Co. is 
 located. 
 
 Unfortunately the business has suffered in common with all 
 others during the post-war adjustment. The peak of prosperity cul- 
 minated with 1920, since when business dropped to a point comparable 
 with that of 1914. At present there are strong indications of a better 
 business tone and, strange though it may seem, the export business has 
 taken a new turn and a substantial portion of the output is now going 
 to foreign fields. 
 
 There are but three manufacturers in the United States of equip- 
 ment of the type made by the McKiernan-Terry Drill Co. and as they 
 have no foreign competitor worthy of mention, the export market is 
 not only large, but is just beginning to grow. 
 
 The growth of the business bears a close relationship to the 
 product which was built in 1900 and that of the present day. Take, for 
 instance, the pile hammer line: In 1900 a large McKiernan pile 
 hammer weighed but 145 lbs. ; to-day it is not uncommon to find a 
 McKiernan-Terry hammer that weighs 13,000 lbs. at work either 
 around New York City, London, or in some far-off corner of Asia. 
 
 The company extends credit for assistance rendered by many of 
 Dover's citizens and business organizations who have helped to develop 
 a growing industry in which it is believed this community must take- 
 a just pride. 
 
 THE DOWNS-SLATER IRON FOUNDRY, INC. 
 
 Founded 191 1, by John W. Downs and Walter Slater. Located at 
 the old Washington Forge, Wharton, N. J. Removed to Dover, to a new 
 foundry on Salem street, in September, 1916, for the convenience of 
 customers and better railroad facilities. 
 
 The firm consists of John W. Downs, President; Walter Slater, 
 Secretary and Treasurer; Charles M. Downs, Vice-President. These are 
 the officers and sole owners. 
 
 The company employs eleven molders, one coremaker, two pattern- 
 makers, one carpenter, one stenographer, one cupola-tender, four lab- 
 orers. 
 
 The raw materials used by the foundry consist of wood from Dover, 
 
239- 
 
 sand from Pennsylvania, pig iron from Pennsylvania and New Jersey, 
 coke from New Jersey, flour and linseed oil from Dover. 
 
 The foundry turns out iron grey castings and general jobbing work 
 for Dover and vicinity, doing practically all the work of this kind that 
 they require. 
 
 The power employed is electricity. The equipment of our pattern 
 shop is as good as any between Dover and Newark. 
 
 Transportation of products is by trucks, Central R. R., and Lacka- 
 wanna R. R. 
 
 Business is improving and growing. This is the only foundry doing' 
 general work in Dover. 
 
 THE FROG AND SWITCH SHOP 
 
 The Frog and Switch Shop of the Delaware, Lackawanna and 
 Western Railroad Company is located at East Dover, N. J. 
 
 At this plant all maintenance of way material such as frogs, cross- 
 ings, switches, switch stands, etc., are manufactured. In addition to this 
 a large amount of metal fence, push cars and hand cars are manufactured 
 and gasoline motor cars are repaired and also a large amount of miscel- 
 laneous other work is turned out at this plant, such as repairs to track 
 and tools. All new track tools for the entire Lackawanna System are 
 distributed from the store-house in connection with the plant. This 
 industry was moved to Dover in 191 2 from Kingston, Pa., where it was 
 operated from 1899 to 19 12. 
 
 The raw material used at this plant consists of steel rail of sections 
 to correspond with the sections in main track of this company. It iS' 
 furnished by the different rail mills in the Eastern District, In addi- 
 tion to this, a large quantity of bar iron and mild steel is used in the 
 manufacture of frogs, crossings, and switches. 
 
 The product from this plant is shipped to every point on the Dela- 
 ware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad, this being the only mainten- 
 ance shop of its kind on the system ; and, in fact, there is no other plant 
 of its kind on any other railroad so extensively engaged in the manufac- 
 ture of track material. 
 
 The machinery is largely of special type, in that machine tools used 
 for this class of work must necessarily be very rigid and powerful. 
 
 This machinery is purchased from time to time and the machines 
 now in use in this plant came from practically all parts of the country. 
 
 The location of this shop is particularly advantageous to the Dela- 
 ware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad, for the reason that the larger 
 portion of its output is used on the Eastern end of the road. 
 
 The plant is in the Engineering Department, Mr. A. J. Neafie, 
 Principal Assistant Engineer, being in direct charge of this plant, to- 
 gether with everything pertaining to maintenance of way. The super- 
 visory officer in charge of the plant proper is Mr. C. B. French. The 
 other employees consist of six office men, nine blacksmiths, 22 machin- 
 ists, 35 helpers to mechanics, and five apprentices, making a total of 100 
 employees who are steadily employed the year round. 
 
 The yearly payroll at this shop, for 1921, was something in excess 
 
240 
 
 of $140,000.00. During the year 1921, this industry handled material 
 shipments, including track tools and other product, worth something 
 over $725,000.00. 
 
 Close to the shops are located two hot-houses for growing plants 
 to be placed in the station grounds along the line of the road. Between 
 48,000 and 50,000 plants are used per annum. 
 
 There is also a concrete post manufacturing plant, where concrete 
 posts for use along the right of way are manufactured. At the present 
 time it is turning out approximately 240 posts per day. 
 
 C. B. French, General Shop Foreman. 
 
 IRON MINES— PIG IRON— STEEL 
 
 RICHARD MINE 
 
 The Richard Mine, owned by The Thomas Iron Company, is 
 located in Rockaway Township. The property was purchased by the 
 present owner on October 30, 1856, and has been in continuous opera- 
 tion since 1857. The total production during this period is approxi- 
 mately 3,500,000 tons of magnetic iron ore, all of which was shipped 
 to the furnaces of The Thomas Iron Company. During the past few 
 months the concentrating mill has been modernized under the direction 
 of Roche & Stoddard, Consulting Engineers. Upon its completion in 
 the near future it will be as modern as any concentating mill in the 
 United States. 
 
 In 1918 the adjoining Allen and Teabo Mines, owned by Wharton 
 Steel Company, were purchased. Such ore as is found in this property 
 will be mined and milled through the plant on the Richard property. 
 
 Note: — This is that mine that Richard B. Faesch advertised for 
 sale or rent, in 1816, described as lying in the Township of Pequan- 
 Tiock, near Mt. Pleasant, adding that "a new whim has lately been 
 erected for the purpose of raising the ore with a horse." John Jacob 
 Faesch, of Revolutionary times, named this mine after his son, Rich- 
 ard. — Ed. 
 
 THE REPLOGLE STEEL COMPANY 
 REPLOGLE STEEL COMPANY:— Successors to the Wharton Steel 
 Company, organized and incorporated under the laws of the State 
 of Delaware, October 30th, 1919. 
 HOME OFFICE: — Furnace avenue, Wharton, New Jersey. 
 LOCATION OF PLANT :— Wharton, New Jersey. 
 OFFICERS :— 
 
 Chairman of Board, J. Leonard Replogle 
 
 President, Leonard Peckitt 
 
 Vice-President, Charles M. MacNeill 
 
 Vice-President, Lewis P. Ross 
 
 Secretary and Treasurer, S. H. Bell 
 
 Assistant Secretary and Treasurer, E. F. Nickerson 
 
 Auditor, L. R. Dohm 
 
241 
 
 FURNACE PLANT:— The furnace plant consists of two blast fur- 
 naces including all necessary auxiliary equipment for economical 
 operation. 
 
 POWER USED :— Steam and electricity. 
 
 PRODUCT: — The product consists of pig iron only. 
 
 VARIETIES : — The various grades of pig iron produced are : Basic, 
 Bessemer, Forge, Foundry, Malleable. 
 
 TRANSPORTATION :— The plant has excellent railroad facilities, 
 being served by the Central Railroad of New Jersey, Delaware, 
 Lackawanna and Western and Wharton and Northern Railroad 
 Companies. 
 
 OPERATIONS : — At the present time only one furnace is being oper- 
 ated. 
 
 MINING PROPERTY:— In addition to the furnace plant, the com- 
 pany operates a well-developed mine at Replogle Village (Scrub 
 Oak), within two miles of the plant itself. Mining operations are 
 not being conducted at the present time. 
 
 WHARTON STEEL COMPANY:— Wharton Steel Company, of 
 which Replogle Steel Company are successors, was organized and 
 incorporated under the laws of the State of New Jersey, Novem- 
 ber 8th, 1907. 
 
 OFFICERS : — The officers elected at the first meeting of the directors 
 
 after incorporation were: 
 President, Joseph Wharton Secretary, Harry C. Wenner 
 
 Vice-President, J. Bertram Lippincott Treasurer, Harrison S. Morris 
 
 The Jersey man of August 26, 1922, states that the Replogle Steel 
 Company, which increased its holdings this spring by the purchase of the 
 Empire Steel and Iron Company, is now employing 1,000 persons. 
 
 The history of the company prior to the incorporation of the Whar- 
 ton Steel Company involves that of the Port Oram Iron Company, New 
 Jersey Iron Mining Company and several lesser mining and blast fur- 
 nace operations, all of which were purchased at different times by 
 Joseph Wharton and finally lost their identity through incorporation as 
 Wharton Steel Company. 
 
 THE WHARTON AND NORTHERN RAILROAD 
 
 The Replogle Company operates the Wharton and Northern Rail- 
 road, which is a common carrier, having 235^ miles of main track 
 extending from Wharton to Green Pond Junction, N. J. This road 
 serves the army and navy arsenal at Picatinny and also has an extensive 
 cross-over business in raw material with three important lines. It con- 
 nects at Wharton with the D., L. & W. Railroad, at Wharton and Lake 
 Junction with the Central Railroad of New Jersey, and at Green Pond 
 Junction with the Erie Railroad. There is also a trackage agreement 
 with the Central Railroad of New Jersey for the operation of trains 
 between Lake Junction and Hopatcong Junction and in this way the 
 blast furnaces are connected with the Replogle mine. 
 
242 
 
 THE NORTH JERSEY STEEL COMPANY 
 
 1. Name and Location: North Jersey Steel Company, incorpo^ 
 rated June 29, 1920, under the laws of New Jersey. The only plant in 
 operation at present is the Beach Glen Mine, located two miles north 
 of Rockaway, N. J. The business office of the company is in Dover, in 
 the National Union Bank Building. 
 
 2. Officers: H. M. Roche, President and Manager; H, P. Hen- 
 derson, Vice-President and Consulting Engineer; W. E. Shaw, Jr., 
 Secretary; E. Chegwidden, Assistant Treasurer; J. C. Stoddard, Chief 
 Mining Engineer. 
 
 3. Number of employees ranges from 100 to 300, depending upon 
 the demand for ore. Class of labor includes Americans, Italians, Span- 
 iards, Russians and Slavonians. Principal number of men are employed 
 underground and are Russians, Slavonians and Spaniards. 
 
 4. At the present time the average wage paid per man is $3.50 per 
 eight-hour day. 
 
 5. Value of year's output depends upon business conditions. 
 Average price of iron ore f . o. b. Mines for the past ten years and prior 
 to the war was $3.50 per ton; a price of $4.50 per ton may be expected 
 at the present time. The output of the mine will range from 50,000 
 tons as a minimum to 250,000 tons per years as a maximum. As a by- 
 product crushed stone and sand are produced from milling operations,, 
 and at the present time the selling price f. o. b. Mines is $1.25 per ton 
 for crushed rock and $0.80 per ton for the sand size. The tonnage of 
 crushed rock will vary from 25,000 to 100,000 tons per annum, and the 
 production of the sand size will vary from 50,000 to 150,000 tons per 
 annum. 
 
 6. A great variety of machinery, of course, is used in mining and 
 concentrating iron ores. The principal manufacturers of mining machin- 
 ery are: Ingersoll-Rand Co., Sullivan Machinery Co., Denver Rock 
 Drill Co., and the Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co. The principal manu- 
 facturers of milling machinery are: Traylor Engineering & Mfg. Co.,. 
 Stephens-Adamson Mfg. Co., and Dings Magnetic Separator Co. 
 
 7. The product of this company at present is a Bessemer ore run- 
 ning 60 per cent, in iron and 0.03 per cent, phosphorus. As by-products 
 crushed rock of various sizes and sand are produced. 
 
 8. Concentrated iron ore is sold to a number of blast furnaces in 
 Eastern Pennsylvania, .while the crushed rock and sand are disposed 
 of throughout Northern New Jersey to contractors. 
 
 9. At the Beach Glen Mine electric power is used, purchased from' 
 The New Jersey Power & Light Co., at Dover. 
 
 10. Re-opening of old mines in Northern New Jersey should be- 
 of special interest to people of Dover, as Dover is the center of the 
 iron ore district in the northern part of the State, and should a number 
 of the old mines be re-opened, Dover perhaps would benefit more than 
 any other town. The anplication of better mining methods and the 
 very considerable advance in the art of concentrating iron ores has made 
 it possible to re-open many of the old mines in the vicinity of Dover 
 and operate them with a very considerable profit. 
 
243 
 
 DEVELOPING NORTH JERSEY IRON ORES 
 
 By E. C. Kreutzberg 
 
 Real Development Work Began in 1912 
 
 Iron ore mines in New Jersey were first worked in 1710 and 
 from that time to 1912 mining continued on a more or less intermittent 
 scale with practically no change in methods and without the use of 
 adequate equipment. Blast furnace men have long known of New 
 Jersey iron ores, but it is only since 1912 that the value of these ores 
 and their extent has been fully realized. In the last two years the 
 importance of these ores to eastern blast furnaces has become pro- 
 nounced, the change being due not only to the increased freight rates 
 on Lake Superior ores but also on account of the fact that a consider- 
 able advance in the art of concentrating the iron ores has been made. 
 The concentrated ores are now much more desirable, from the furnace- 
 man's point of view, than formerly. 
 
 Since pre-revolutionary days New Jersey has been noted for its 
 iron mines, although from 1883 to 191 2 production declined, owing to 
 the influx of cheap western ores to eastern furnaces. Since 1912 the 
 situation has changed decidedly, as New Jersey concentrated iron ores 
 now can be delivered to eastern furnaces at a considerably lower cost 
 than western ores, on account of the introduction of new methods in 
 mining Jersey ore deposits and on account of the development of mag- 
 netic ore concentration to a high state of efficiency. Another important 
 factor that helped to revive Jersey iron mining is the very large 
 increase in the cost of transporting Lake Superior ores to eastern 
 districts. Quite recently two of the old New Jersey mines have been 
 reopened, one of these being the Beach Glen mine. The Beach Glen 
 iron ore property, near Rockaway, N. J., was taken over by the North 
 Jersey Steel Co., July i, 1920, and ore shipments from the mine com- 
 menced January i, 192 1. Diamond drilling disclosed four ore shoots. 
 The property is estimated to contain 10,500,000 tons of crude ore as 
 follows : One million five hundred thousands tons copper free, low 
 phosphorous ore ; 3,000,000 tons bessemer ore and 6,000,000 tons non- 
 bessemer ore. 
 
 Location of Property 
 
 The Beach Glen property is located two miles north of the town 
 of Rockaway, in Morris County, New Jersey. The mine is thirty-eight 
 miles northwest of New York har1>or and is in the center of the iron 
 ore region of the New Jersey highlands. The Hibemia branch of the 
 Central Railroad of New Jersey passes within 1,000 feet of the plant 
 at the mine and rail connection is made through a switch 2.000 feet 
 long. The Beach Glen mine property, controlled by the North Jersey 
 Steel Company, is 1.4 miles long by 0.6-mile wide and contains approxi- 
 mately 500 acres. The ore shoots extend entirely through the property 
 in the direction of its longitudinal axis. Beach Glen is one mile 
 southeast of the Hibertiia mine and the strike of the Beach Glen ore 
 is parallel with the strike of the Hibernia shoots. In the same district 
 is the Mt. PTope mine, owned by the Empire Steel & Iron Company ; 
 the Richard mine, owned by the Thomas Iron Co., and the Replogle 
 mine owned by the Wharton Steel Company. 
 
244 
 
 History of Beach Glen Mine 
 
 It is probable that this mine was first operated about 1 760 as in that 
 3rear there was a charcoal forge built at Beach Glen on the borders of 
 Beach Glen pond and within 200 feet of where the main Beach Glen 
 ore shoot outcropped. This forge continued in operation for many- 
 years and was dismantled in 1854. The first mining work of record 
 was in 1808 when the surface was stripped and the ore' excavated for a 
 depth of a few feet. It is not known how long work continued at 
 that time but the place was shortly after abandoned and was reopened 
 in 1 85 1. At that time the ore was taken from two shafts one on the 
 southwest edge of the hill and the other 400 feet farther northeast, 
 both openings being made on the same ore shoot. There is no record 
 as to whether or not the mine was worked continuously from 1851 to 
 t868, but in the latter year it was operated and continued in operation 
 until 1875 when work was again stopped. The mine was reopened in 
 1879 and ore taken from two ore shoots. The mine then closed down 
 in September, 1885, and was reopened in 1896, being operated continu- 
 ously up to 1900. In 1901 the mine was reopened and a three-com- 
 partment shaft was sunk to a depth of 460 feet. The shaft was in 
 ore all the way and ore also was hoisted from small stopes through 
 this shaft. In 1903 the mine closed down and had not been worked 
 up to July, 1920, when the North Jersey Steel Company took over 
 the property. 
 
 The early work at the mine was mostly confined to the western- 
 most ore shoot from which a bessemer grade of ore was produced. 
 The total production of this mine up to 1920 was approximately 
 200,000 tons. The mine was formerly worked at periods of good 
 times and when the price of iron ores was high. As is the case at all 
 New Jersey mines, the ores must be concentrated before shipment 
 to furnaces and in the early days the only method by which these ores 
 were prepared for market was by hand-cobbing. The early miners 
 had practically no machinery and as long as activities were confined 
 to hand-drilling and hand-cobbing, the mines could only be worked 
 w"hen the price of ore was extremely high. In recent years, however, 
 conditions have changed so that New Jersey iron ores now may be 
 rmined, prepared for market and delivered to consuming furnaces in 
 eastern Pennsylvania at a lower cost than iron ores from any other 
 •source. 
 
 Leonard Peckitt, president of the Empire Steel & Iron Co., prob- 
 .ably was the first to realize the importance of modernizing operations 
 at the New Jersey mines. ITie Empire Steel & Iron Co. had operated 
 the Mount Hope and Oxford mines from 1899 to 1912 by practically 
 the same methods that had been used for the past 100 years. In 1912, 
 Mr. Peckitt employed Wilkens & Devereaux, of New York, as con- 
 sulting mining engineers for the Mount Hope and Oxford mines. He 
 agreed to a scheme presented by the engineers for modernizing the 
 mine at an expenditure of several hundred thousand dollars. H. M. 
 Roche, now president of the North Jersey Steel Co., was given active 
 
245 
 
 charge of this work and was superintendent at Mount Hope in charge 
 of construction and development work and in charge of mining for a 
 period of five years. The excellent results obtained by Mr, Roche at 
 this mine no doubt Avere among the principal factors that influenced 
 J. Leonard Replogle to purchase the old Wharton Steel Co. properties 
 in 1917. 
 
 Mines Are Consolidated 
 
 In 1916, the Beach Glen mine and the two adjoining properties 
 known as the Misel and Cobb tracts, were consolidated by Mr. Roche, 
 The Beach Glen mine was then unwatered, surveyed and the ore shoots 
 thoroughly sampled. Concentration tests were made on the ore and 
 the property was at that time diamond drilled. The work of unwater- 
 ing. sampling and diamond drilling covered a period of ten months and 
 was concluded shortly after Mr. Replogle bought the Wharton Steel 
 Co. properties. Mr. Replogle, after acquiring the Wharton, properties, 
 offered the position of general superintendent of mines to Mr. Roche, 
 who accepted, as financing a mining property such as Beach Glen in 
 war times seemed to offer considerable difficulty. Mr. Roche 
 remained with the Wharton Steel Co. for a period of two and one-half 
 years, during which time he developed the Replogle mine, constructed 
 the surface plant and built and operated the concentration mills at that 
 mine. On January i, 1920, Mr. Roche severed his connection with the 
 Wharton Steel Co. and immediately took up the development of the 
 Beach Glen property. 
 
 The New Jersey iron mining industry owes a great deal to the 
 work of Mr. Roche. He has always been enthusiastic about the possi- 
 bilities of the iron ore deposits of northern New Jersey, and in his 
 nine years' work as superintendent of the Mount Hope and Replogle 
 mines and as consulting engineer for the Richard mine, has introduced 
 many changes in the mining and milling methods and has been signally 
 successful in producing large tonnages at low cost. The prominence 
 the New Jersey iron ore.deposi's have recently attained is partly due 
 to the efforts of Mr. Roche to place them on their proper footing. 
 Considerable credit, however, should go to Leonard Peckitt of the 
 Empire Steel & Iron Co., to W. A. Barrows, Jr.. of the Thomas Iron 
 Co., and to J. Leonard Replogle of the Replogle Steel Co. New Jersey 
 will ever owe a debt to these men for re-establishing her iron mining 
 industry, as this has been accomplished principally by their vision 
 and energy. 
 
 The ore of the New Jersey deposits is almost wholly magnetite. 
 In two of the mines operating at present hematite is found mixed 
 with the magnetite. Magnetite occurs in the gneisses of pegmatites and 
 limestones, but the ore bodies associated with the gneisses thus far 
 have proved the most important and valuable. The gneisses of the 
 New Jersey highlands consist of approximately parallel layers of 
 different varieties of gneiss, all of which present a more or less well- 
 defined linear structure in the arrangement of their constituents. The 
 layers of gneiss generally strike northeast, dip steeply to the southeast 
 
246 
 
 and pitch to the northeast at low angles of from 10 to 20 degrees. The 
 ore occurs in the gneiss as layers, some of the ore layers being roughly 
 elliptical in shape while others are of tubular form. The ore layers 
 are locally called ore bodies, lenses, veins or shoots, the latter desig- 
 nation being most commonly used. The ore shoots are all conformable 
 to the enclosing gneiss, one peculiarity of both the gneisses and ore 
 shoots being their uniform pitch at low angles to the northeast. 
 
 At the Beach Glen mine there are four parallel shoots of ore, 
 three of which are being developed at the present time. The series 
 of ore shoots dip with the dip of the associated gneiss and pitch parallel 
 to the pitch of their structure, the ore shoots having well-defined top 
 and bottom limits. The rock overlying the shoots is called the top 
 rock and that underneath the ore the bottom rock. The ore shoots vary 
 considerably in width and height but along their strike they persist 
 for unknown distances. In fact, there is no known case where any 
 ore shoot has been found to die out or become smaller in the direction 
 along its strike. In some cases the downward course of the! ore shoots 
 is interrupted by faults, but the faults are all later than the ore 
 deposits and cannot permanently terminate them. In all cases where 
 an adequate amount of development work has been done in search of 
 faulted ore shoots, the continuations have been found. At the Hiber- 
 nia mine, one mile northwest of the Beach Glen mine, the Hibernia ore 
 shoot was worked for a distance of 8,500 feet on its strike with no 
 variation in size or value of the ore. Authorities state that there is 
 about 200,000,000 tons of present day commercial iron ore in northern 
 New Jersey, of which 90 per cent is within the boundaries of Morris 
 County. About 75 per cent, of the known ore reserves in Morris 
 County is controlled by four companies, as follows : North Jersey 
 Steel Co., 10.000,000 tons; Empire Steel & Iron Co., 20.000,000 tons; 
 the Thomas Iron Co., 15,000,000 tons; Replogle Steel Co., 90,000,000 
 tons, or a total of 135,000,000 tons. 
 
 Preparation of Ores for Market 
 
 The bulk of the ores in northern New Jersey range from 35 to 50 
 per cent, in iron content in their natural state, and, therefore, must be 
 concentrated before shipment to blast furnace plants. All of the ores 
 which are being mined at the present time are magnetic, with the 
 exception of ores mined at the Replogle and Ringwood mines. At both 
 these mines about 30 per cent, of the iron in the crude ore is hematite, 
 the balance being magnetite. The method of concentration is crush- 
 ing, sizing and separation by magnetic separators, except at the Rep- 
 logle and Ringwood mills where magnetic separation is supplemented 
 by means of tables or jigs. On an average the grade of the ores is 
 raised by concentration to 60 per cent, in iron, while a large percentage 
 of the silica and phosphorus in the crude ore is eliminated. 
 
 The ores generally are crushed to a 2-inch size or smaller before 
 concentration is commenced, and the concentrated ore is in such 
 physical condition that it can be readily used at furnaces. The moisture 
 in the concenerated ore as shipped is negligible as most of the ores are 
 dried before milling. The concentrate resulting from magnetic concen- 
 
247 
 
 tration contains practically no moisture, does not freeze in cars and 
 is shipped the year round from the mines to the furnaces. 
 
 Another advantage in concentrating the ores is the fact that 
 freight rates are paid per ton on an exceptionally high grade iron ore 
 containing 60 or more units of iron and but very little moisture, while 
 Lake Superior ores as shipped are generally from 5 to 12 per cent, 
 lower in iron per ton and in many cases contain 10 per cent, or more 
 moisture. On account of their excessive moisture content consider- 
 able diftiiculty is experienced through freezing of ore in cars or on 
 stock piles in cold weather, a difficulty which is not had with New 
 Jersey concentrated ores. 
 
 Within a radius of 250 miles of the iron ore mines of Morris 
 County are 37 blast furnace plants. These blast furnace plants, with 
 a total of 89 stacks, consume annually 12,000,000 tons of iron ore 
 when running at full capacity. Most of the iron ore used by these 
 blast furnaces is obtained from the Lake Superior region or from 
 foreign countries. Freight rates on Lake Superior ores to eastern 
 Pennsylvania blast furnaces are extremely high as compared to freight 
 rates from northern New Jersey mines to the same furnaces. In view 
 of the freight differential in favor of New Jersey ores, it has been 
 said that this one factor alone should restore New Jersey ores to favor. 
 For instance, where in the past an eastern Pennsylvania blast furnace 
 plant had been consuming 250,000 tons of Lake Superior ores per 
 annum and found that at the present time it could replace this tonnage 
 'with New Jersey concentrated ore, the saving to the furnace would 
 be over half a million dollars annually in freight charges on such 
 replacement of iron ores. 
 
 Concentrating the Ore 
 
 The improved methods of concentration now employed make it 
 possible to market Jersey ores in competition with those imported from 
 Cuba and Chile and those from the Lake Superior region. High 
 freight rates which handicap the distribution of lake ore to eastern fur- 
 naces, have been an incentive in developing the North Jersey mines. 
 
 In the latter part of 1920, an experimental magnetic concentrating 
 
 ■mill with a capacity of 100 tons per day was erected at Beach Glen, 
 and shipments of concentrate were made to two furnace plants. After 
 shipments had gone forward for two months from the small mill to 
 the furnaces, work was started on a concentrating mill with a capacity 
 of 1,500 tons of crude ore per day. Shipments from the experimental 
 mill have been kept up steadily to furnaces until the present time, but 
 this mill has been dismantled as the large mill now is completed and 
 in operation. 
 
 The first step taken in designing the large concentrating mill was the 
 construction of a model of the proposed mill shown in Fig. 8. The 
 model was built on a scale of i inch to i foot. All machines and 
 equipment were built into the model, shafting put up and belts placed 
 from shafting to machines. The model was found most useful during 
 the erection of the mill and there were no corrections to be made noi> 
 
248 
 
 remodeling of the mill or rearrangement of equipment after the mill 
 was completed. In building the model attention was given to safe- 
 guarding all moving machinery and details of this part of the work 
 were so well worked out that the department of labor of the state of 
 New Jersey requested the model be given them to bei placed on perma- 
 nnt exhibition at the department of labor building, 571 Jersey avenue, 
 Jersey City, N. J. 
 
 In general, the new Beach Glen mill, as shown in Fig. 9 differs 
 from other magnetic mills treating similar ore in that it has about 
 60 per cent, less floor area than other mills of equal capacity, and that 
 in treatment the entire run of mine crude ore, after passing the first 
 crusher, is given a thorough washing before further treatment. This 
 is clearly indicated in Fig. 7. After washing the ore is classified as 
 "coarse ore," that is, plus % and minus 2 inches in size, and as "fine 
 ore" or minus Ya inch in size. The coarse material, or plus 54 inch, 
 is further screened into two sizes as follows: Plus 54 and minus Y\ 
 in. and plus ^ and minus 2 ins. The fine material or minus ^4 in. size, is 
 further screened into two sizes as follows: Minus 54 inch and plus 
 20 mesh, and minus 20 mesh. The two coarse sizes are treated on 
 dry drum separators, shown in Fig. 11, where concentrate and mid- 
 dling is made. The middling then is discharged on to high intensity 
 pulley type machines where the pure rock is thrown ofif as tailing and 
 the middling made by these machines sent to rolls, sho\v,n in Fig. 10, 
 to be recrushed and then further treated. There are two closed crush- 
 ing circuits in the mill. The ore as it comes into the mill is first 
 crushed by a 24 x 36-inch jaw crusher and elevated to a trommel 
 screen with V^ and 2-inch round screen openings. The oversize from 
 the 2-inch screen is sent to an 8-inch gyratory crusher and the crushed 
 ore from the gyratory sent back through the trommel again until all 
 the ore has first passed either a ^ or 2-inch screen opening before 
 going to the separating machines. After the middling from the high 
 intensity pulley-type machines is recrushed, it is elevated to the top 
 of the mill and discharged over vibrating screens with 54 -inch square 
 screen openings, the oversize from these screen being returned to the 
 rolls until all the middling has been crushed to pass a 54-inch screen 
 opening and is joined to the minus 54-inch material which was in the 
 original feed to the mill and which was first washed in the trommel 
 and later screened through 54 -inch screens. The minus 54 -inch and plus 
 20 mesh size is treated upon wet magnetic drum separators and the 
 minus 20 mesh material is treated by water concentration sand tables. 
 The wet magnetic drums and sand tables make concentrate and tailing 
 only. 
 
 Avoids Evils of Drying 
 
 Heretofore magnetic ores have first been dried by means of tower- 
 dryers and all the ore has been separated upon dry magnetic machines. 
 These ores either have to l^e dried before separation or the fine ores 
 treated on wet machines with additional water added because the run 
 of mine ore, or minus 54-inch size, contains so much moisture that it 
 
249 
 
 is too sticky to be concentrated in its natural condition. The objection 
 to drying ores is that a tremendous amount of dust is created in the 
 mill which is not only injurious to mill operators but is the cause of 
 considerable loss of operating time due to the breakdown of equipment. 
 It also is difficult to obtain first class mill men to work in dusty mills. 
 Another objection to all dry concentration is that each individual piece 
 of ore becomes coated with dust which contains phosphorus and the 
 resulting concentrate is lower in iron and higher in silica and phos- 
 phorus than if washed before treatment. Generally concentrate made 
 in dry mills ranges between 56 and 58 per cent, in iron while in mills 
 where the ore is washed before treatment and the fine ores separated 
 on wet machines, the concentrate will be found to range from 62 to 67 
 per cent, in iron. This grade of ore is more desired by furnace men 
 and the freight rate per unit of iron is reduced by shipping a higher 
 grade ore. 
 
 Designers Are Named 
 
 The 48-inch by 42-foot pan conveyor was built by Stephens-Adam- 
 son Mfg. Co., Aurora, 111., as were the belt conveyors. The gyratory 
 crusher was manufactured by the Traylor Engineering' & Mfg. Co.,. 
 Allentown, Pa. The magnetic separators were built by the Dings Mag- 
 netic Separator Co., Milwaukee. 
 
 All mill equipment is driven by a 200-horsepower induction motor, 
 except the trommel screen and elevators which are driven by a 5ohorse- 
 power induction motor. The 200-horsepower unit was built by the 
 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co., Pittsburgh, and the 50-horsepower 
 motor by the General Electric Co., Schenectady, N. Y. The 3-phase, 
 60-cycle current is delivered to the motors at 2300 volts. The vibrat- 
 ing screens take current at 440 volts. The direct current for the 
 magnetic separators is generated by a 280-ampere, 125-volt, motor 
 generator set bui,lt by the General Electric Co. In the mill and from 
 railway cars to the mill "heavy parts are handled by 5-ton, hand-operated 
 cranes manufactured by the Chisholm & Moore Mfg. Co., Cleveland. 
 
 The mill has been built to handle bessemer ore although non-bes- 
 semer or low phosphorus ores can be treated equally as well, the general 
 treatment applying to any of the three grades of ore found in the 
 mine. Plans for a smaller mill for the separate treatment of low phos- 
 phorus ores now are being made, and it is expected that the low 
 phosphorus mill will be built at once. The new Beach Glen mill has 
 a capacity of approximately 1000 tons of concentrate per 24 hours 
 and the low phosphorus mill will have a capacity of 300 tons of 
 concentrate per day. 
 
 While the experimental mill was in operation, the different Beach 
 Glen ores were concentrated so as to determine the grades of concen- 
 trate which will be placed on the market. Partial analyses of the three 
 grades of Beach Glen concentrated ore appear in the accompanying 
 table. 
 
250 
 
 General Surface Plant 
 
 Electric power for the entire Beach Glen operation is purchased 
 from the New Jersey Power & Light Co. and is delivered at 2300 
 volts. A transformer station has been built at the mine where the 
 current is stepped down from 33,000 to 2300 volts. Two IngersoU- 
 Rand 22 x 13 x 16-inch electrically driven air compressors with a 
 total capacity of 2400 cubic feet of air per minute are in use at the 
 present time. A blacksmith and drill sharpening shop has been built on 
 the surface near the inclined shaft collar. This shop has been equipped 
 with drill sharpeners and coke forges for heating steel built by the 
 Ingersoll-Rand Co. Later this shop will be moved underground to 
 do away with the transfer of steel. A steam heating plant consisting 
 of one 150-horsepower locomotive-type boiler has been erected and 
 the entire surface plant is heated with steam at 25 pounds pressure. 
 A well equipped warehouse is established at the mine and the mine 
 offices are in the same building. Considerable attention is paid to 
 safety features and to the welfare of employees. The success of 
 this work is demonstrated by the fact that the North Jersey Steel 
 Co. has built up an efficient organization. 
 
 For data given in this article the writer is indebted to the admin- 
 istrative and operating offices of the North Jersey Steel Co., Harry 
 M. Roche, president and manager; Joseph P. Stampher, underground 
 superintendent; Jesse C. Stoddard, chief mining engineer, and Arthur 
 C. Noble, master mechanic. 
 
 The preceding extracts are from The Iron Trade Rcviezv of No- 
 vember 10, 17, 1921, published at Cleveland, Ohio. 
 
 ANALYSES OF ORES 
 
 Low Phosphorus Ore 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 Iron 65.00 
 
 Silica 5.00 
 
 Phosphorus 0.006 
 
 Limfe 0.56 
 
 Alumina i .71 
 
 Magnesia ,. 0.98 
 
 Copper 0.00 
 
 Sulphur o.oi 
 
 Titanium 0.13 
 
 Vanadium 0.14 
 
 Chromium o.oi 
 
 Moisture 0.68 
 
 Bessemer Ore 
 
 Iron 63.00 
 
 Silica 8.20 
 
 Phosphorus 0.04 
 
 Lime 0.78 
 
251 
 
 Alumina 1.25 
 
 Magnesia i-i2 
 
 Copper 0.00 
 
 Sulphur 0.05 
 
 Titanium 0.16 
 
 Vanadium -oiS 
 
 Chromium 0.02 
 
 Moisture 0.71 
 
 Nonbessemer Ore 
 
 Iron 58.00 
 
 Silica 10.00 
 
 Phosphorus 0.25 
 
 Lime 0.68 
 
 Alumina 2.38 
 
 Magnesia i . 10 
 
 Copper 0.00 
 
 Sulphur 0.03 
 
 Titanium 0.12 
 
 Vanadium o. 14 
 
 Chromium 0.0 1 
 
 Moisture 0.80 
 
PART VIII 
 Transportation 
 
253 
 STAGE COACH DAYS 
 
 Opposite the Free Methodist Church in Dover is a little shoe 
 shop in which William L. Guise is active. The other day Mr. 
 <juiae produced a copy of The Jerseyman of January i6, 1833. 
 The paper is in tatters. The editor was C. Robbins, and the print- 
 er, G. W. Glason. The editor will take firewood in payment of 
 subscriptions. The motto of the newspaper, was "We hold this 
 truth to be self-evident ; that all men are created equal." 
 
 A schedule adopted by the "Western Line of Stages," reads: 
 
 "New arrangement of the Western Line of Stages daily ex- 
 cept Sundays. This line of stages will leave Joseph L Roy's Steam- 
 boat Hotel, Jersey City, on Monda}', Wednesday and Friday morn- 
 ing at three o'clock A. M. by way of Newark, Chatham, Morris- 
 town, Suckasunny Plains, Stanhope, Newton and Augusta for 
 Milford. 
 
 "On Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday by the way of Pater- 
 •son, Pompton, Newfoundland, Hamburgh, Deckertown, to Milford, 
 'where the two lines connect and run six times a week through 
 Canaan, Carbondale, DundafT, Montrose to Owego and from thence 
 through Ithaca to Geneva daily. 
 
 "At Newton this line interests a line of stages running 
 through Easton to Philadelphia, etc. 
 
 THE HOUNDS AND HORN: Newark Four Corners, 1790. 
 D'ye see that sign on the corner there, 
 A sign no man would scorn? — 
 It swings from its post, our pride and boast, 
 
 The sign of The Hounds and Horn ! 
 You'll see the hunters on horseback, 
 
 The hounds and the fox forlorn. 
 And that's the sign where we shall dine, 
 The sign of The Hounds and Horn ! 
 
 It's a long, long run from Trenton town, 
 
 We started fresli at morn : 
 But J tell you, lad, we'll all be glad 
 
 To stop at The Hounds and Horn ! 
 There man and beast will be cared for. 
 
 Though hungry, weary, and worn : 
 For that's the sign where we shall dine. 
 
 The sign of The Hounds and Horn ! 
 
 CHORUS — So blow now, to show now we're dashing into town, 
 And we shall find there the best of fare. 
 Such is mine host's renown ! 
 
 From unpublished 'Toems of Newark" by Charles D. Piatt. 
 
254 
 
 THE MORRIS CANAL 
 
 The basin of the Morris Canal was once crowded with canal boats, 
 as they stopped in Dover over Sunday, so that a boy could run all 
 over the basin, jumping from boat to boat, as some may remember. 
 The old freight house was the busy center of transportation. The 
 boathouse of William Pragnall was the repair shop for boats of the 
 line. Navigation by water from Easton to Jersey City (102 miles) 
 opened a great avenue of commercial prosperity to this landlocked 
 village. 
 
 But speedy railroads have now supplanted the slow canal. The 
 towpath yields to the steel rail. Schemes for canal abandonment are 
 now debated pro and con at greater length than can here be quoted. 
 It is hard for some of us to follow the details of the Roegner Bill and 
 the Parry Bill as discussed in our Legislature or the proceedings of 
 the Court in adjusting the points in dispute between the State and the 
 Lehigh Railroad. 
 
 Future uses for an abandoned canal right of way are planned. 
 Lake Hopatcong and Dover, it is said, would be the gainers if the 
 canal were abandoned. The interests of Lake Hopatcong as a sum- 
 mer resort seem paramount. Riparian rights are affected by any 
 changes in the level of the lake waters. Seepage from the canal 
 creates a financial problem, if the canal should be maintained. 
 
 The Morris Canal has become a Rip Van Winkle aflfair. 
 
 EARLY DAYS OF THE MORRIS & ESSEX RAILROAD 
 
 The Morris and Essex Division was originally a railroad all by 
 itself with a charter of its own granted by the State Legislature of 
 1835. Its intention, as its name indicates, was to run through Morris 
 and Essex counties to Newark. When the trains reached Newark the 
 passenger cars were hitched to horses and drawn down Broad street 
 to the Centre street depot of the New York and Philadelphia Railroad. 
 This, however, was an improvement which did not come into efifect 
 until 1840; in '39 there was no connection at all and passengers were 
 transferred in stages from one depot to another. The New York and 
 Philadelphia Railroad was able to make the distance from city to city 
 in six hours — ^fifteen miles an hour being a good rate of speed for 
 trains in those days. 
 
 The first train that ran over the Morris and Essex tracks made the 
 trip on an October day in 1837. The maker of the first engine — Mr. 
 Seth Boyden, whose statue ig now in W^ashington Park in Newark — 
 ran the train himself and Mr. Myers of Newark acted as conductor. 
 The train passed through Summit at two o'clock in the afternoon and 
 
255 
 
 you may imagine the interest it occasioned to the few people who 
 made up the population then. It ran to Madison only, for the road 
 was not finished to Morristown until later. When it arrived in Madison 
 and the first passengers were unloaded, a group of Morristown and 
 Madison people who had gathered there for the purpose of a ride 
 were loaded on and carried back to Newark. 
 
 From Newark to Bottle Hill — or Madison — was the limit of the 
 road in the fall of ^^^J, when it was extended first to Morristown, 
 then to Dover, then Hackettstown, then to Phillipsburg. 
 
 At first there was but one track and the original cars were about 
 as big as horse cars — say twenty feet long. The road bed was made 
 by laying down two logs lengthwise of the track with timers fastened 
 crosswise over these. Then another piece of wood was laid on this 
 bed for a sleeper and on this astrap of iron about a half inch thick 
 and three inches wide was spiked fast. Every day a man was obliged 
 to walk the track and drive down the spikes, which would work out 
 because of the jar from the trains. Even in spite of such precautions 
 it was not unusual for an end to get loose and curl up as a passing 
 train caught the end of the strap and the end would protrude through 
 the floor of the car in a "snake head," endangering the lives of the 
 passengers. 
 
 Only wood was burned for the engine fires and green wood at 
 that. Often, as the train climbed the hill to Summit from Millburn, the 
 steam would give out, and then woe to the rail fences, for the firemen 
 carried good axes. 
 
 It was no uncommon thing for the engines to jump the tracks 
 when rounding the many curves of the road; but as they were going 
 so slow there was little damage done to anything except the patience 
 of the travelers, who were obliged to sit still and wait or get out 
 and stroll about, looking at the scenery for a couple of hours until 
 the train crew "got her on" again and rang up the passengers from 
 their excursions after flowers or huckleberries. If any of the pas- 
 sengers were in a hurry they were apt to fume and blow up the train- 
 men and swear at the rai,lroad, but all hands were used to that. After 
 all, what did it matter if one did arrive at Morristown an hour or so 
 later than usual ! 
 
 There were no freight trains before about 1845 ^^^ ^o^^ ^^^^ 
 were not put on until later than that. There was no coal brought 
 here by the railroad and sold by the ton until 1861. 
 
 The First Collision 
 It was in January, 1850, about a mile east of Summit station, at 
 about five o'clock in the afternoon, that the first collision occurred on 
 this road. The "Double Driver" engines had just begun to be used; 
 but only on the freight trains. The freight from New York was to 
 lie over at Millburn (there was but one track then) until the passenger 
 train had passed it. The time permitted for waiting had already 
 gone by and the freight had the right of way to Summit; but the 
 
:256 
 
 passenger train from Morristown had not yet gone by. It had been 
 held at Chatham to accommodate some lawyers who were trying a 
 case of damages for killing a cow, and as there was no other train to 
 New York that day, then had persuaded the passenger train's con- 
 ductor to disobey orders and wait for them. When they started down 
 to Millburn the freight had started up. I was watching the two trains 
 as I saw them rounding their opposite curves and heading for each 
 other, and my sensations can be better imagined than talked about. 
 
 The freight's large engine just "scooped up" the light little pas- 
 senger locomotive and the latter went climbing the freight's smoke- 
 stack, which was twelve or fifteen feet high. Fortunately there were 
 but few passngers and no one was badly hurt ; but it took three days 
 to clear the tracks, and the lawyers make little haste by their efforts 
 to catch that train, as they had to walk back to the station and get 
 down to Newark the best way they could. 
 
 Time Tables 
 
 The original time table between Morristown and Newark and 
 New York shows that two trains left in each direction every day. The 
 one at 6:45 ^- "i- from Morristown arrived in New York about a 
 quarter before ten. There was another train down in the afternoon 
 at a quarter before three. The afternoon train up from New York 
 which left at 4 p. m., arrived in Morristown at 7 in the evening. 
 Yet there seem to have been brave souls even then, for the* commuta- 
 tion rates were given as $100 a year. 
 
 The time table given in the New Jersey Eagle of August 3, 1841, 
 just seventy-two years ago (from which it appears that this article 
 was written in 1913) explained that "by this arrangement of trains, 
 one could leave Morristown in time for both Philadelphia trains, 
 one leaving at a quarter before ten in the morning and one at half 
 past five in the afternoon." Thus it may be seen that the journey from 
 Morristown to Philadelphia could be made by all rail in about nine 
 hours. 
 
 This was a decided improvement upon "Scotch Johnnie's" boat 
 trip from New York to Philadelphia some fifty years before, which was 
 at all times dependent upon "wind and weather." It went by the way 
 of Newark Bay and the Delaware River, and the route was advertised 
 as "generally drier than the route between New Brunswick and 
 Trenton." 
 
 The rates of fare on the Morris and Essex Railroad were as fol- 
 lows: 
 
 To N. Y. To Newark 
 
 Morristown 10 shillings 8 shillings 
 
 Madison 8s 6d 6s 
 
 Chatham 7s 6s 
 
 Summit 6s 4s 
 
 Millville (Millburn) 5s 3s 
 
 S. Orange 4s 6d 2s 
 
 N.Orange 3s 6d is 6d 
 
 From a newspaper clipping. Writer not known. 
 
257 
 
 THE LACKAWANNA RAILROAD 
 
 Mr. Charles E. Mill, ticket agent at Dover, has furnished the fol- 
 lowing facts about the Lackawanna Railroad in its relation to Dover. 
 
 The railroad distance from Dover to Hoboken by the Lackawanna, 
 formerly known as the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad, 
 is forty miles, the average of the Paterson branch and the Morris & 
 Essex division, for Dover has the use of two routes to New York. 
 
 Dover has about 225 commuters to New York and about 100 way 
 commuters. Fares to New York at present are: Commutation, $13.94 
 a month; 50-trip family ticket, $41.32; lo-trip ticket, $10.37; excur- 
 sion ticket, $2.84. 
 
 The number of the Lackawanna employees living in Dover is 
 approximately 425 to 450 persons ; probably more when business is 
 good. 
 
 Passenger Service 
 
 Dover commuters can reach New York in one hour. Trains are 
 run at convenient hours for those who work in New York. Several 
 western trains stop at Dover on flag ; in fact, only one train in each 
 direction goes through without stopping. 
 
 Westward trains pass through Hackettstown and Washington to 
 Phillipsburg and Easton. Eastbound trains by way of Boonton pass 
 through Rockaway, Mountain Lakes, Boonton, Paterson, Passaic ; by 
 way of Morristown they pass through Summit, the Oranges, Newark. 
 Western sleeping cars and coaches are operated to Cleveland, Detroit, 
 Chicago in connection with the Wabash and Nickel Plate Roads. 
 Reduced fares are arranged to Cleveland, Detroit, Chicago, St. Paul, 
 Kansas City, Omaha, St. Louis, Denver, Los Angeles, San Francisco, 
 Seattle, Portland. 
 
 The Chester, Sussex and Phillipsburg branches have good serv- 
 ice to and from Dover for both freight and passengers. 
 
 Freight Service 
 
 Freight rates to tide-water are reasonable, so that Dover is an 
 ideal location for export shipments. Our proximity to Port Morris 
 gives easy connection with the Lehigh and Hudson Railroad, which, 
 in turn, has extremely good connections with the entire New England 
 territory. 
 
 At BuflPalo the Lackawanna connects with all boat lines on the 
 Great Lakes, as well as with every western point. 
 
 Car;loads from Dover to New York reach New York the morning 
 following the loading. 
 
 The Lackawanna publishes a schedule of through merchandise. 
 
 Service from all Greater New York and New Jersey stations to 
 principal distributing centers, showing the time taken en route. 
 Freight from Dover is scheduled as follows: arriving at Scranton 
 second morning ; Detroit, third morning ; Chicago, fourth morning ; 
 Kansas City, sixth morning; Denver, ninth morning; San Francisco, 
 15th morning. 
 
258 
 
 C. A. Arentzen is General Eastern Freight Agent, at 302 Broad- 
 way, New York City; W. F. Griffitts, Passenger Traffic Manager; 
 J. G. Bray, Division Passenger Agent, Newark, N. J.; E. M. Rine, 
 General Manager, 90 West Street, New York City; W. H. Truesdale, 
 President, 90 West Street, New York City. 
 
 THE CENTRAL RAILROAD COMPANY OF NEW JERSEY 
 
 The Central Railroad Company of New Jersey enters Dover over 
 the Dover & Rockaway Railroad, a leased line, which was incorporated 
 in 1880 and opened for traffic in the following year. 
 
 This road, built primarily as a connection between the Longwood 
 Valley Railroad, which was controlled by the Central, and the Hibernia 
 Mine Railroad, was organized by George Richards, Columbus Beach 
 and Henry McFarlan of Dover and other men from New Jersey, 
 Pennsylvania and Massachusetts who were interested in the iron 
 mines of the vicinity. 
 
 The primary object of this road and the other roads and branches 
 now forming the High Bridge Branch of the Central was to carry 
 the iron ore to the furnaces at High Bridge and in the Lehigh Valley 
 in Pennsylvania for use with the P'ennsylvania ores. 
 
 From the commencement of carrying iron ore, this railroad has 
 Droved a valuable addition in transporting freight by reason of the 
 traffic interchange arrangement with every other trunk line reaching 
 tidewater at New York, enabling shippers or receivers of freight at 
 Dover and vicinity to secure fast freight servnce in connection with 
 the Pennsylvania Railroad, Baltimore and Ohio R. R., New York Cen- 
 tral R. R.', Lehigh Valley R. R., Erie R. R., Ontario & Western, and 
 all the New England lines, with equally expeditious service to and 
 from points in the South via the Virginia gateways as well as the Ohio 
 River gateways. This means that a shipper of freight at Dover desir- 
 ing to forward traffic in connection with the C. R. R. of N. J. and 
 New York Central, for example, to Chicago and beyond, can do so 
 at current through rates. These advantages are fully appreciated and 
 recognized by the large number of industries located on the New Jersey 
 Central and are some of the reasons for their being so located. It 
 should also be an inducement in encouraging new and additional indus- 
 tries to locate in Dover. 
 
 The passenger service maintained by the New Jersey Central 
 Railroad is fully adequate to take care of the business tributary to 
 Dover reached via its lines, offering convenient trains to do business 
 in Dover and return home the same day at suitable hours. It affords 
 direct connection without transfer from one station to another between 
 Dover and other points in central and southern New Jersey as well 
 as connections for Philadelphia and points in eastern and central Penn- 
 sylvania. 
 
259 
 
 THE MORRIS COUNTY TRACTION COMPANY 
 
 One of the ihdustries closely relating to the growth of Dover and 
 vicinity is the Morris County Traction Company. 
 
 This Company was incorporated on June 13th, 1899, with the 
 following officers and directors for the first year : Robert D. Foote, 
 President; George W. Stickles, Vice-President; R. D. Moriarity, Secre- 
 tary, and John H. Capstick. 
 
 From the date of incorporation until June, 1903. efiforts were con- 
 stantly made by officers to secure consents and rights of way. The 
 first franchise granted was by the Council of Dover in August, 1903. 
 This was followed by franchises from the Borough of Rockaway in 
 1904. In April, 1904, agreement was reached for the construction of a 
 bridge or viaduct on Blackwell street, Dover. Records indicate that the 
 construction of the line through Rockaway Township, Rockaway Bor- 
 ough, Dover and Wharton was completed about June 15th, 1905. 
 
 The first car was operated in Dover on July ist, 1904, from the 
 Lackawanna crossing on Blackwell street, Dover, to the Company's car 
 barns at East Dover. The earnings for the first day of operation were 
 $80.00. 
 
 From June, 1905, to late in 1908, the activities of the Company 
 consisted in the operation of the line from Rockaway Township to 
 Wharton, the acquiring of franchises and construction in various munici- 
 palities, so that at the close of 1909, the road was operating from Eliza- 
 beth and Alaplewood to Summit ; from Police Headquarters in Morris- 
 town along Speedwell avenue to Morris Plains; from Denville through 
 Rockaway and Dover to Wharton. About this time a lack of finances 
 prevented the continuation of construction. A new interest took up the 
 work and during the years 1909, 1910 and 191 1 connected up the various 
 lines, putting in through operation from Elizabeth and Maplewood to 
 Wharton and Lake Hopatcong. 
 
 From June 20th, 1910. until December, 19 19, Mr. Henry R. Rea 
 was President; Joseph K. Choate. Vice-President; O. G. Schultz, Secre- 
 tary and Treasurer. On the death of Mr. Rea, in 1919, Mr. Joseph K, 
 Choate succeeded to the office of President; C. I. Shannon, Vice-Presi- 
 dent; and O. G. Schultz remained Secretary and Treasurer. The same 
 Board of Directors and officers continue in office at the present time. 
 
 The Company maintains its repair shop and division office at East 
 Dover and practically all the employees are residents of Dover and vicin- 
 ity. At the present time, the Company employs at its Dover plant sev- 
 enty (70) men as dispatchers, motormen, conductors and inspectors. 
 In its IVIechanical Department eighteen (18) men; in its Track Depart- 
 ment, from twelve (12) to twenty-four (24) men. 
 
 There were 42,716 passengers carried from July ist, 1904 to June 
 15th, 1905; and from January ist, 1921 to December 31st, 1921 there 
 were 7.642,997 passengers carried. 
 
 The Company is operating a half -hourly schedule at its present 
 time on its Main line as follows : Wharton, Dover, Rockaway, Mount 
 
2tO 
 
 Tabor, Denville, Morris Plains, Morristown, Convent, Madison, Chat- 
 ham, Summit, Springfield, Millburn to Maplewood. The Company 
 operates the following connecting lines : From Dover to Mine Hill, 
 Kenvil, Succasunna, Ledgewood and Landing; from Denville through 
 Mountain Lakes to Boonton; from Morristown through Morris Plains 
 to State Hospital; from Springfield Junction through Union to Eliza- 
 beth. A fifteen minute service is maintained from Rockaway to Whar- 
 ton, from Morristown to Morris Plains and from Summit to Maple- 
 wood. At Maplewood connection is made with the Public Service Rail- 
 way, so that people living along the Main line of the Morris County 
 Traction Company can reach Newark and Elizabeth with one change. 
 
 The Company in its early operation met with considerable opposi- 
 tion; but in the late years, due to the service given and the necessity 
 thereof, the early opposition has been entirely obliterated. 
 
 Invested capital, $4,479,000. 
 
 ODDS AND ENDS 
 
 OLD ACCOUNT BOOK FOUND IN RAFTERS 
 
 An account book nearly 100 years old was recently found in the 
 rafters of the old carpenter shop of the Ulster Iron Works by Robert 
 Bopp, a master mechanic, employed at the works, which contains a les- 
 son in the construction of Dover history from original sources. The 
 book is in a good state of preservation, although one part of the cover 
 is torn off and the collection of soot and dirt soiled the pages somewhat. 
 It is about an inch in thickness and measures 6}i" x 16". The earliest 
 date recorded is October 3, 1821, and the accounts extend to January 
 30, 1830. The record book must have been the property of Blackwell 
 & McFarlan, the firm that conducted the only iron industry in this town 
 at that date. 
 
 The first entry was October 3, 1821, under the name of Jesse King 
 and on the same date was an entry of William Ford. During the follow- 
 ing year the entries included John B. Miller, Ebenezer Stiles and Stephen 
 Vail. 
 
 William Ford carried on an extensive business in chain cables, 
 shackles, studs, swivels, links and scrap iron, extended to January 30, 
 1830. 
 
 Until the canal was completed in 183 1 all the necessary hauling was 
 done by horses and mules. The canal was opened for traffic in 1831 and 
 the first railroad train reached Dover in 1848. These facts are interest- 
 ing in examining the old accounts of "Goods received from New York." 
 
26l 
 
 The dates of these accounts extend from December 5, 1826, to Febru- 
 ary, 1830. In these accounts many personal names are interspersed, 
 revealing the names of about eighty persons then doing business here 
 and the purchases they made in the form of iron and other articles 
 such as sand from Flanders, pork, cider, forge hammers and flour. 
 
 List of persons trading with Blackwell & McFarlan, 1826-1830: 
 Isaac Hance, Abijah Ablwtt, William Searing, Ab'm H. Smith, William 
 Ross, John Mitchell, Elic Hance, S. Searing. Ebenezer Pierson, John O. 
 Condict, Ira H. Cox, John S. Beach, Jos. Dickerson, Martin Bowlsby, 
 Stephen Conger, B. & McFarlans, D. Ayrs, Mahlon Johnson, Simon 
 Searing, D. Ross, Daniel Lindslev, Arch. Broadwell, John Sherman, 
 William H. Ross, David Paddleford, xA.aron Ogden, B. L. Condit, Asa 
 Berry, Natlianiel Bowlsby, A. Beedell, Thos. Bowlsby, F. Chapin, 
 Simeon L. Casterline, D. Lyons, Christopher Medler, Samuel Garrigues, 
 Isaac Garrigues, Daniel Lyon, L. & Lawrence, Wm. Headley, E. F. 
 Smith, Philip Losey, Wm. Leek, C. F. DeCamp, Jos. I. Minton, William 
 Dixon, John Bryant, Milton Scott, Benjamin L. Condit, Michael Cavi- 
 nough, John E. Cortis, Lev/is Bryant, Thos. E. Bowlsby, C. F. Ran- 
 dolph, Peter Dunham, Henry Cobb, Calvin Dixon, Hiram Smith, Jos.. 
 C. Righter, Warner Tucker, Wm. Slockbower, L. F. Lawrance, Mrs.. 
 Pamelia Adams, Alx Dickerson, E. I. Howell, D. C. Solman, John Her- 
 rion, Johnson Minton, Joseph Herrion, D. C. Salmon, Wm. Churchell,. 
 Thomas Vail, Robert Godden. 
 
 This list may have value for those who make research in genealogy, 
 titles, etc. It indicates the date at which certain persons were doing 
 business with Blackwell & McFarlan and what they traded in. It 
 indicates the large place that iron had in the building of the community 
 and the State. It shows when Lehigh coal. Nova Scotia coal and other 
 kinds of coal began to come in on the canal. It indicates the different 
 kinds of iron in use and the articles made from iron. There are entries 
 about brick, sperm oil, candles, stove pipe, grates, teams, fish, crackers, 
 moulding sand, stoves from Morristown, plaster, wheat flour, soap, 
 sugar, beef, yellow ochre, looking glass, white lead, Rhode Island lime, 
 7x9 glass, borax, paint, putty, mittens. 
 
 There must have been a store somewhere, where these goods were 
 handled. This book indicates, in part, the business that was carried on 
 here in the days of teaming and, later, the canal, before the railroad 
 came. Clothing, shoes, and other necessaries of life are not mentioned. 
 There must have been some other place where spring bonnets, dress 
 goods, groceries and drugs (if they used them) could be obtained, 
 either here or in Morristown. A few school books must have been 
 smuggled in to supply the pupils in the two old academies. But the Stone 
 Academy was not built until 1829. There was no bank, no church — 
 just a rough settlement, not even a village until 1826. 
 
 By means of old maps one might trace where some of these old 
 settlers lived. There was a tavern here in 1808. and a blacksmith shop. 
 A wheelwright, Zenas Pruden, settled here. A few stores sprang up. 
 From scattered references one might build up quite a mental picture 
 
262 
 
 of the Dover of those days when this old account book was kept, from 
 1821 to 1830. It gives a pretty good census of the population, amount- 
 ing to some eighty names, each of which may stand for a family — pos- 
 sibly four hundred persons, some of whom may have lived beyond 
 Dover limits. And yet we are told that there were only ten or fifteen 
 -dwellings here in 1810. This list may have a bearing on that point. 
 
 There was a post office here in 1820. in Mr. IMcFarlan's house. In 
 1839 there were about 700 peonle in Dover. (Dover History, page 
 383.) So it does not seem unreasonable to assume that 400 persons 
 were here in 1830. Jacob Losey was postmaster previous to 1820, and 
 John Marshall Losey followed him. 
 
 Much may be learned from an old account IxDok. Those who under- 
 stand iron could read between the lines of this book a story that I can 
 not so readily decipher. 
 
 ■GLIMPSE OF A HOLIDAY IN DOVER IN 1823 
 
 Odes Sung in Observance of Fourth of July 
 
 AVe are indebted to Major Andrew Baker Byram for the loan of an 
 old and tattered leaflet containing three odes sung at Dover in 1823, on 
 the Fourth of July. We print, below, a copy of these odes with the old 
 style punctuation. 
 
 The Fourth of July was full of its original inspiration in those early 
 days. Celebrations were frequent throughout the land and on other 
 occasions, too, the spirit of new-found liberty was gloriously celelirated. 
 Such a spirit was not confined to Dover nor to the United States of 
 America in the year 1823. It was abroad in the world. It found 
 ■extravagant and disorderly manifestation in the orgies of the French 
 Revolution. The English poet Wordsworth was intimately associated 
 with this struggle for freedom in France and greatly distressed at the 
 outcome. Goethe speaks of it in his notal)le epic, '"Hermann und Doro- 
 thea." Schiller embodies it in his "William Tell." 
 
 We were fortunate enough to escape the murderous and chaotic 
 expressions of that spirit. We may be thankful that in Dover, in 1823, 
 such odes as those here shown could be religiously and soberly sung by 
 our people. Note what is happening in Europe to-day. These odes are 
 .a significant study in American history. They are not yet out of date, 
 even though they may appear quaint and old-fashioned. If the celebra- 
 tion of our ])atriotic holidays loses that old-time spirit of sincerity, earn- 
 estness and high purpose, it will be a sorry day for America. \\'e have 
 learned to smile at the old-fashioned ; but let us not fall below our 
 forebears in earnestness and intelligence. 
 
 Those Fourth of July odes — what music vv-ere they sung to? We 
 have no trace of it. Possibly they could be rendered to some old hymn 
 tunes well enough to bring out the spirit of the pas::. And if too lon^i^ for 
 a modern, crowded program, we might sing the first stanza and the 
 last? That has a familiar sound. 
 
263 
 
 Who wrote those odes? Perhaps the minister at Rockaway. That 
 is where Dover went to church in those days. The children walked 
 barefoot, carrying their new shoes in their hands, and then sat down by 
 a brook, washed their feet, put on the new shoes and walked into the 
 sanctuary — tableau ! 
 
 And perhaps Dover had some such tableau, in connection with the 
 Fourth of July celebration, as we find described on page 357 of Dover 
 History — A Tribute to Liberty, done in 1858. 
 
 According to these old odes the faith of our founders was not 
 pinned exclusively to Democracy and Americanism; but they believed 
 that the principles of true religion would make a democracy and an 
 Americanism that would stand, where other historical examples of 
 democracy had fallen. 
 
 (Odes to be sung on the Fourth of July, 1823, at Dover) 
 ODE I. 
 
 Hail Independence ! mighty theme ! 
 
 To gain thee, heroes fell ; 
 And e'er shall thy resplendent beam, 
 
 Rude tyranny dispel. 
 
 Sweet Liberty's etherial form, 
 
 Smiles on this happy day, 
 And bids us hail the sacred morn 
 
 That saw our country free. 
 
 In her high temples sat fair Fame, 
 
 In council, to discern 
 What deed the loudest should proclaim 
 
 To ages yet unborn. 
 
 Tyrants had fought — had bravely fought. 
 
 But not in Freedom's cause ; 
 'Twas dire, despotic sway they sought. 
 
 And sycophant's applause. 
 
 In doubtful musings Fame would wave, 
 
 Suspending her decree 
 Till Freedom triumphed — then she gave 
 
 To us the victory. 
 
 Now o'er each brow a laurel crown, 
 
 A never fading wreath, 
 Be placed, to grace such high renown — 
 
 To decorate such worth. 
 
264 
 
 Now, mighty God ! still o'er us reign, 
 
 And shield us from the foe ; 
 Then Liberty shall be our theme 
 
 While we remain below. 
 
 ODE II. 
 
 Let us again our voices raise, 
 
 In joyful strains of grateful praise, 
 
 To Heav'ns Almighty King, whose hand 
 
 Subdued our foes and sav'd our land. 
 
 God was our light in darkest hour; 
 
 He was our hope and he our pow'r, 
 
 He led our armies to the field, 
 
 He was their strength and he their shield. 
 
 Then let each son of Freedom sing, 
 "The God of Heaven is our King; 
 "Let others own a tyrant's nod, 
 "We have no other King but God." 
 
 He did the Statesman's breast inspire. 
 He filled the Patriot's heart with fire, 
 He gave to us our Washington, 
 And bless'd Columbia in her son. 
 
 'Twas God that quell'd the haughty foe. 
 And laid his high ambition low ; 
 He gave the vic'try to our band 
 And bless'd an independent land. 
 
 Then let each son of Freedom sing, 
 "The God of Heaven is our King; 
 "Let others own a tyrant's nod, 
 "We have no other King but God." 
 
 Now thro' Columbia's wide domain, 
 O'er hill and valley, wood and plain, 
 Fair Freedom's cheerful smiles extend, 
 And Liberty and Peace attend. 
 
 Long may such blessings be enjoyed, 
 And this returning day employ'd, 
 'Till time shall cease to number days, 
 In joyful strains of grateful praise. 
 
265 
 
 Then let each son of Freedom sing, 
 "The God of Heaven is our King; 
 "Let others own a tyrant's nod, 
 "We have no other King but God." 
 
 ODE III. 
 
 The wheel of time rolls swiftly on — 
 
 'Tis coming and 'tis past; 
 This glorious day is quickly gone, 
 
 And life is fleeting fast. 
 
 The splendid fabric built to-day. 
 
 To-morrow lies in dust; — 
 All things before have passed away. 
 
 And so the present must. 
 
 Great Babylon once raised her walls 
 
 On the Assyrian plains, 
 But now of all her costly halls 
 
 A vestige scarce remains. 
 
 And Rome in mighty grandeur rose, 
 
 The mistress of the world. 
 And round on all her trembling foes, 
 
 Death and destruction hurl'd. 
 
 But haughty Rome and learned Greece 
 
 Are fallen and forgot; — 
 Egypt and Carthage, with their race. 
 
 Have shared the common lot. 
 
 Columbia, too, shall gain her height. 
 And shine in all her pride. 
 
 Thou sing in dark oblivion's night — 
 Borne down the dreadful tide. 
 
 But e'er Columbia's glory fade. 
 
 And all her pride be i iwn. 
 May science, wisdom, worth pervade 
 
 And claim her for their own. 
 
 May centuries pass and time grow old, 
 In our dear land's success ; 
 
 And ages yet unborn behold 
 Her glories still progress. 
 
266 
 
 And may her sons in virtue rise, 
 
 Taught by the laws of Heaven, 
 And to the God of earth and skies 
 
 Be all the glory given. 
 
 On pages 470-1 of "Dover History," are given the details of a 
 Fourth of July celebration in Morristown, 1828. Three odes appear on 
 the program. 
 
 THE LOAN EXHIBITION OF 1879 
 
 Among the treasures of the past which have come into my pos- 
 session is a little blue-covered pamphlet containing quite a story on the 
 front cover, viz. : "Dover Loan Exhibition in the Segur Mansion, com- 
 mencing, Wednesday, September 24th, 1879. continuing four days, open 
 afternoon and evening. For the benent of the Presbyterian Church 
 Y. P. U." 
 
 In this little book are listed 989 articles of interest, antiquity or 
 curiosity, interspersed with local advertisements of the day that now 
 stir historic reminiscence, such as "E. Lindsley & Son, Dry Goods, 
 Groceries, etc., established 1835;" or "Vought & Killgore, Druggists 
 and Apothecaries, 1850-1880." 
 
 First is a list of "Paintings, Engravings and Chromos," 104 in 
 number, ranging from "Can't You Talk" to an Albrecht Durer. The 
 name of the person who loaned each picture is given and we thus see 
 a complete catalogue of the works of art cherished in the homes of 
 Dover's citizens, including a dozen or so loaned by Mrs. Henry McFar- 
 lan, and a dozen more by Dr. Columbus Beach, who seem to have had 
 the largest and most classical assortment. 
 
 Next come "Bronzes and Statuary" and "Ceramics." Mr. Charles 
 McFarlan leads in the latter, with Mrs. Henry McFarlan and Mrs. 
 George Richards in close competition. 
 
 "Foreign Curiosities" — 169 of them. Here Mrs. E. W. Stoddard 
 outshines all others. Miss Hinchman making a good second. 
 
 "Antiquities." Here Mrs. Vail, the Quakeress, leads, exhibiting an 
 old pair of knee buckles and the "Spectacles worn by Mr. Wilson who 
 came to y\merica with Wm. Penn." This list has real local interest, 
 containing many articles of use in our American households of colonial 
 and revolutionary times and later : — spoons, chairs, tallies, sugar tongs, 
 ladles, foot stoves, bed warmers. ])ellows. fender, spinning wheel, quilt, 
 hatchet, stone from Port Ticonderoga, Dr. Jackson's violin, Masonic 
 apron, etc. 
 
267 
 
 "Old Books, Manuscripts, Autographs." Here we find ancient tomes 
 of 1666, 1754, 1806, old Bibles, specimens of penmanship by G. M. 
 Hinchman, Life of Brainerd 1749, old newspapers, old deeds, Cincin- 
 nati Certificate, singing books, and law reports. Mr. J. H. Neighbour 
 leads all with his collection of historic "deeds," such as John Jackson's 
 ■deed of 1722. Rev. W. W. Halloway follows with books published in 
 the early nineteenth century. E. D. Halsey shows historic papers. 
 
 "War Implements and Relics." Here we find swords, pistols, guns; 
 among them "the gun that shot the Morristown Ghost," exhibited by 
 Hon. A. C. Canfield. 
 
 "Indian Relics." Mrs. Evans shows the largest set. 
 
 "Coins and Currency." Continental and Confederate money, etc. 
 
 "Minerals." "Woman's Pavilion" and "Miscellaneous" bring us to 
 the end, after which comes a "Supplement," and then a continued sup- 
 plement. Here we find the rifle with which Putnam shot the wolf, two 
 paintings by Samuel Woodruff of Dover and "shoes and stockings, very 
 old" — we do not have to go to a museum to find them. 
 
 This catalogue of The Loan Exhibition was given to me by Miss 
 Mary Rose, one of the enterprising young people who got up this enter- 
 taining and instructive affair. It must have stirred up much interest 
 in local history. 
 
 The collection of these relics and the returning of them to their 
 proper owners is said to have been a heart-rending task, never to be 
 undertaken again ! But how appropriate it would be for a bicentennial ! 
 And by charging admission you gain funds for the new Nurses' Home 
 or something like that. 
 
 By this time a new line of relics has come into the field. 
 
 THE SCHOOL PAGEANT OF 1920 
 
 In April, 1920, the school children of Dover, under the direction 
 of Superintendent W. V. Singer and Miss Jane Lynd, gave a pageant 
 of Dover history. The performance was staged in the auditorium of the 
 new High School on Myrtle avenue. Ten scenes from the past were 
 arranged — four from the period of 1722-1826, six from the period of 
 1826-1869. The period from 1869 to 1920 was untouched, except that 
 the program included one scene representing the organization of 
 Dover's Fire Department in 1873. The time limit of an evening's enter- 
 tainment made it necessary to omit many scenes of interest. The exer- 
 cises were well attended, the house being crowded to capacity. 
 
 The pupils of the Domestic Science Department, directed by Miss 
 Harris and assisted by Miss Mitchell, of the Art Department, worked 
 out the costuming and stage decorations. Many old dresses were 
 gathered from the trunks and garrets of old residents for the occasion. 
 The boys of the Manual Training Department, directed by Mr. Grifiin, 
 rigged up a model of an old water-wheel and forge, and a canal boat 
 that added much to the effectiveness of certain scenes. The teachers 
 
268 
 
 to whom scenes were assigned did their utmost to prepare dramatiza- 
 tions and drill the pupils. The pupils entered into the spirit of the 
 celebration with intelligent interest and made the occasion one that 
 was greatly enjoyed by all present. 
 
 We give this historic program herewith as a momento of the 
 pageant of 1920. It was given at that early date in anticipation of the 
 approaching bicentennial, to point the way to any later celebration that 
 might take place. 
 
 One result of the performance was that funds were thereby secured 
 to square the accounts of the athletic teams for the season. 
 
 Editor. 
 LIST OF PATRONESSES FOR PAGEANT 
 
 Mrs. T. O. Bassett Mrs. 
 
 Mrs. Coleridge Benedict, Sr. Mrs. 
 
 Mrs. R. A. Bennett Mrs. 
 
 Mrs. Wm. F. Birch Mrs. 
 
 Airs. George R. Buck Mrs. 
 
 Mrs. A. W. Condict Mrs. 
 
 Mrs. Harry R. Gill Mrs. 
 
 Miss Gussie Fleiman Mrs. 
 
 Mrs. J. H. Hulsart Mrs. 
 
 \V. G. Hummel 
 Emil G. Kattermann 
 James T. Lowe 
 W. L. R. Lynd 
 Stephen Palmer 
 Albert Sedgeman 
 W. V. Singer 
 Thomas Smith 
 Leo Totten. 
 
 THE DOVER SCHOOL PAGEANT 
 
 The Dover Pageant now draws nigh, 
 With scenes that show the olden time; 
 
 Here visibly before the eye 
 
 Will pass the Indian pantomime. 
 
 Jackson again will haunt the scene 
 
 Of those bright hopes that lured him on 
 
 To start this settlement : you'll glean 
 Brief glimpses here of days by-gone. 
 
 The warrior chief, the Quaker staid 
 Will pass before you in review ; 
 
 The matron and the dimpled maid 
 Will on the stage their life renew. 
 
 Ask not too much ; with kindly eye 
 Regard our home-made pageant play ; 
 
 Let fancy work and so supply 
 
 More than our humble efforts may. 
 
 Give praise where praise is rightly due ; 
 
 Co-operation wins the day ; 
 Teachers and pupils — parents, too, — 
 
 Have lent a hand to make this play. 
 
269 
 PROGRAM 
 
 Spring Festival of Song conducted by Miss Temby. 
 
 Scenes from Dover History presented by pupils of the Myrtle 
 Avenue School under the direction of their teachers. 
 
 Part I. 
 I — Indian Life in Dover. 
 
 Pantomimic production planned and executed by the pupils of 
 the Industrial History Classes under the direction of Miss Katherine 
 Rusch. 
 
 Introduction — Harold Hall. 
 
 I. Twilight Scene near Indian Falls. Cast — Indian Chief, 
 Nelson Terry ; Braves, Ferdinand Loeffler, Willard Cummings, Rus- 
 sell Jones, Allan Wolfe, Harold Hall. Indian Boys, Virgil Reed, 
 George Lovas. Indian Girls, Pearl Mack, Nellie Flanagan. Squaws, 
 Florence Uren. Hazel Meeker, Isabel Hutchinson. Dog, Franklin 
 Chamberlain. 2, Morning Scene. 3. Indians at Jackson's Forge. 
 
 II — Jackson's Forge. 
 
 Dramatized and acted by students of Grade 8 A under the direc- 
 tion of Mrs. Geddis. 
 
 Introduction, Edna Kennedy. 
 
 I. Jackson's Forge, anvil and house. 2. News of Navigation 
 Laws. 3. Sherift's Sale. 
 
 Cast — Mr. Jackson, Stanley Cannon ; Mrs. Jackson, Leona Budd ; 
 Mr. Hawkins, Wm. Gillespie; Mrs. Hawkins, Dorothy Richards; 
 Deacon Goodman, Alfred Long; Mr. Hurd, Leon Rummel; Helper, 
 Geo. Thorson ; Sheriff, Leroy Bayles ; Indians, Robert Guise, Robert 
 Woodhull, Engelbrecht Sjokvist; Mr. Fitz Randolph, Robert Mandigo; 
 Children, Mary Gilligan, Margaret Minervino. The properties used 
 in this play include a vest made in 1751. 
 
 Ill — General Winds and General Washington. 
 
 Dramatized by Grade 7A under the direction of Miss Cornelia 
 Crater. 
 
 Introduction by Syrel Roth. 
 
 I. General Washington calls on General Winds at his home in 
 Pleasant Valley (now East Dover). 
 
 Cast — General \^'^inds, John Totten. His wife, Genevieve Bower. 
 Older daughter, Gussie Mishkin. Two children, Thelma Uren and 
 Max Eichelbaum. Slave. Susie Mitchell. General Washington. Eric 
 Herman. General Washington's Stafif. Leo Tremberth, Robert 
 Hutchinson, Andrew Jenkins, Walter Vanderbush, Howard Ander- 
 son, Rudy Shubert. 
 
 IV — Scenes from a Fourth of July Celebration in Dover, 1823. 
 Given by pupils in 8B, assisted by pupils from 8A, under direction 
 of Miss King. 
 
 Introduction by Warford Boyd. 
 
 I. Gathering of the people. 2. Reading of parts of the Decla- 
 
270 
 
 ration of Independence by George McDavit. 3. Fourth of July- 
 Oration by Ralph Minervino. 4. Tableau, A Tribute to Liberty. 
 
 Pupils participating in celebration : Friend Randolph, Edward 
 Ackerman; Friend Goodman, Curtis Jenkins; Dr. Crittenden, Willard 
 Hon; Dominie Wycoff, John McCarthy; The Audience, Agnes Hol- 
 ley, Mildred Cook, Beatrice Bryam, Mary Cole, Mildred Losey. Edna- 
 Hartman, Marguerite Fish. Harry Olmstead, Charles Decker, Donald 
 McQillan, James Grant, George Rumsey. 
 
 Tableau — Tribute to Liberty. Cast — Goddess of Liberty, Beatrice 
 Goldsworthy. The Thirteen' Original Colonies: K\ew Hampshire, 
 Hazel Rusc'h; Massachusetts. Florence Foyer; Rhode Island, Bessie 
 Brown ; Connecticut, May Shaw ; New York, Beatrice Crater ; New 
 Jersey, Ruth Thornhill ; Pennsylvania. Arcella Heyward ; Delaware, 
 Julia' Bornstein; Maryland, Eva Jeffrey; Virginia. Alice Phillips r 
 North Carolina, Alice Pugsley ; South Carolina, Myrtle Skinner;. 
 Georgia, Myrtle Vivian. 
 
 Remarks — Fourth of July Oration composed by 8B English 
 Class from three Odes sung in Dover on July 4, 1823. Each girl 
 representing an original colony, in the tableau, wears the seal of the 
 State which the colony became later. Seals drawn and colored by Paul 
 Newman and Warford Boyd. 
 
 Part II. 
 I — The "Dover of Dover" on the Morris Canal, 1836. 
 
 Dramatized and acted by students of Grade 8A. directed by Miss 
 Isabel Hance. 
 
 Introduction by Abner Friedland. 
 
 I. A conversation in the boat-yard by several young people. 
 2. The Sailing of the "Dover of Dover" on its first trip to Newark in. 
 charge of Captain Byram Pruden. 
 
 Cast — Thomas Sturtevant, acted by William Ely ; Charity Ford,, 
 by Mildred Livingston ; Louisa Chrystal. Georgianna Painter ; James 
 Losey, Joseph Nazarro ; crowd of cheerers. boys and girls of 8A. 
 
 The canal boat used in the scenes was made by Harold Rickley, 
 William Riker and Stephen Zipko. 
 
 II — William Young the Village Baker. 1847. Coming of the Railroad^ 
 
 1848. 
 
 Dramatized and acted by students of IB class in High School 
 English. Teacher. Miss Elsie G. Hedden. 
 
 1. Introduction by Serena Baldus. 
 
 2. Introduction by Elsie Rumsey. 
 
 Cast — W^illiam Young, represented by Wm. IMoor ; INIrs. Jacob 
 Searing, Harvey Matthews ; Isaac W. Searing, Charles Concilio ; Mr. 
 Segur, James Murray ; Farmer Weeks. Charles Rinehart ; Jennie 
 Young (now Mrs. Chambre), represented by Melda Chambre ; Mrs. 
 Wm. Young, by Florence Vezina ; Katie Brown, Marguerite Booserr 
 Susie Smith, Glady Francis; Air. Brown. Augustus Dalrymple; Mr. 
 Jones, Fred Ward ; Mrs. Jones, Marjorie Dorman ; Mllagers. Lela 
 Hiller, Meta Lerbs, Florence Gardner, Elsie Rumsey, Arthur Powell^ 
 Helen Predmore, Gladys Steffen. 
 
271 
 
 Melda Chambre, who plays the part of Jennie Young, is a great- 
 granddaughter of William Young. 
 
 Ill — A Donation Visit. 
 
 Dramatized and acted by Miss Richardson's 8A Qass. 
 
 Introduction by Elberta Lynn. 
 
 Cast — Dr. Magie, represented by Stephen Dalrymple ; Mrs. Magie, 
 by Margaret Benson ; Miss Berry, Ruth Lindeman ; Mrs. Stickle, 
 Angela Donohue; Mr. Lee, Francis Milo; Mrs. Lee, Helen Jones; Mrs. 
 Oram, Helen Armitage ; Mrs. Crittenden, Hilda Newman ; Mr. Sidney 
 Ives, ; Mr. James McCord, Willard Komatowski ; Mr. 
 
 Charles Noble, John Lerbs : ^Mr. Calkins, Robert Burrel ; Other Parish- 
 ioners, Evelyn Singer, Margaret Stromjberg, Mabel Hall, Dorothy 
 Snyder, Evelyn Hiler, Gladys Eades, Gladys Woodhull, Beatrice 
 Goldsworthy. 
 
 IV — The Quakers of Randolph. 
 Dramatized and acted by students of the lA Special Qass in 
 English, High School. Directed by Miss Jane Lynd. 
 Introduction by Elizabeth Hance. 
 
 1. The Underground Railway. 
 
 2. A Quaker Meeting. Introduction by Fred Armitage. 
 
 Cast — Richard Brotherton. Stewart Hunter; Mrs. Brotherton, 
 Margaret Franklin ; Rachel Brotherton, Mary Bray ; James Hopkins, 
 Russell Anderson; Ruth Eyram, Dorothy Frick ; Chrisj'ohn Dell, 
 Edward McQuillan ; Ruth Byram, Dorothy Frick ; Slave, Richard 
 Maloney ; First Officer, Oscar Bray ; Second Officer, Edward Gilmore. 
 
 Quakers in the Meeting House Scene — Rosalie Angle, Fred Armi- 
 Hiler, Lillian Lambert, Jessie Lewkowitz, Mary Lyons, Hazel Meeker, 
 tage, Madeline Davenport. Marion Gardner, Elizabeth Hance, Nellie 
 Marion Roderer, Ivah Rinehart. Florence Uren, Margaret Vreeland. 
 
 The properties used in this scene include a chair one hundred and 
 one years old, lent by Mr. Armitage ; candlesticks a century old, lent by 
 Mrs. Franklin ; dresses of our grandmothers' time, lent by Mrs. Fitz- 
 herbert and Mrs. Davenport, of Spicertown ; and real Shaker bonnets, 
 lent by Miss Williams. 
 
 The love letter read is a real letter written by a Quaker of Plain- 
 field to a Quaker maid of Randolph. 
 
 V — The Making of the School Flag, Dover Institute. 1861, 
 
 Dramatized and acted by pupils of the Seventh Grade under the 
 direction of Miss Dorothy Lynd. 
 
 Introduction by Marion Rinehart. 
 
 Scene, a schoolroom in the Dover Institute. 
 
 Cast — Mr. Hall, principal of the school, represented by Tony 
 Mauriello; School Boys, Albert Jones, Arthur Goerner, Herschel Brisk ; 
 School Girls, Louise Ackerman, Margaret Alpers, Emma Anderson, 
 Leotha Blodgett, Merle Dickerson. Lulu James, Mary Ingraham, Edith 
 Lloyd, Bessie Phillips, Marion Rinehart, Ruth Skillman. 
 
2/2 
 
 Among the costumes used in this scene we are indebted to Mrs. 
 D. Palmer for the loan of a pair of pantalettes actually worn by a child 
 during the time represented by the scene. 
 
 VI — Town Meeting Called to Organize the Dover Fire Department, 
 
 1873. 
 
 Dramatized and acted by Miss Richardson's 8 A Class. 
 
 Introduction by Beatrice Goldsworthy. 
 
 Cast — Mayor Richards, represented by Russell Melroy ; Col. Stites, 
 Albert Sedgman ; Mr. Sickles, Burroughs Van Syckle; Mr. Hance, 
 George Amerman ; Mr. I. W. Searing, Robert Burrel ; Mr. Berry, Wm. 
 McGill; Mr. Lewis, James Adrey; Mr. James H. Neighbour, Willard 
 Komotowski ; Mr. VVhitlock, Francis Alilo ; Mr. AlcCracken, Patsy 
 Nazzaro ; Mr. Wm. Young, Joseph Angel ; Mr. Lindsley, James Varley. 
 
 Albert Sedgman, who represents Col. Stites at this meeting, is a 
 great-grandson of Mr. Titus Berry, who was present at this meeting. 
 
 The program will close with a Pageant Procession of all persons 
 participating in the scenes enacted. The salute to the flag will be given 
 at the signal, followed by the singing of "America." 
 
 EPILOGUE. 
 
 We are the Future of tlie Past ; 
 
 We are the Present in our time; 
 We are the Future's Past at last ; 
 
 And so Time writes his changing rhyme. 
 
 We scan the pictured rocks where Man 
 Etched the rude firstlings of his art: 
 
 What pictures shall we leave? Who can 
 Make bright the temple of the heart? 
 
 How can we know what later-born, 
 More favored tim*s will say of us? 
 
 When, like dim memories of the morn, 
 We form life's background fabulous? 
 
 A little while we have our day, 
 As poets sing, upon the stage; 
 
 We act our part in life's great play, 
 Then — Exit ! with the passing age. 
 
 Some memory of us may survive; 
 
 O Time, deal gently ! smooth away 
 Our blundering strokes and keep alive 
 
 The better part to shine for aye ! 
 
PART IX 
 Local Historical Poems 
 
274 
 
 JOHN JACKSON 
 
 First Iron-Master of Dover, 1 722-1 753 
 "Into the wilderness let me be going, 
 Out to the hills and the rills of the north! 
 There let me work the black ore into iron, 
 Plying my forge by the side of a stream. 
 Out in the wilderness Maker of Iron ! 
 
 Iron for plowshares, saws, hammers and axes ; 
 Iron for wagon-bolts, nails, knives, and spades ; 
 Iron and muscle will conquer the wilderness, 
 Here's a man's work, to win homes from the wild, 
 Plant a new settlement, build up a State!" 
 
 Out in the wilderness Nature was smiling, 
 Sunshine and songsters and wildflowers were there; 
 Trees of the forest were beck-ning and whisp'ring — 
 "Come ! there's a fortune out here in the wild !" 
 "Come! make your fortune!" the streamlet replied. 
 
 So here he came in the new-dawning era. 
 Came with a heart full of courage and hope; 
 Toiled at his forge and sent iron to the seaboard — 
 That's where they needed it — cities were growing — 
 Newark — Elizabeth — he helped them grow. 
 
 He and a man from New Hampshire were toiling 
 
 Here in the hills on the rough, rude frontier. 
 
 While cities were building, trade growing, farms thriving. 
 
 And all wanted iron from the forges up here. 
 
 But — "Halt ! All must stop ! Ship your ore oversea !'^ 
 
 "Oversea ship your ore ! The old country will shape it ; 
 Shape it and make of it tools to your hand !" 
 That stopped our forges — John Jackson grew weary, 
 His early hopes broken — sold out — sheriff's sale ! 
 There's nothing in iron till freedom is gained. 
 
 Then came the long struggle for freedom ; our forges 
 Again came to life; now not plowshares, but swords. 
 And cannon and cannon-ball came from these hillsides. 
 And a chain o'er the Hudson to stop the foe's fleet, 
 While the patriot band is encamped near at hand. 
 
 He failed — Jackson failed ; so his story is written ; 
 But the work has gone on, and the start that he gave 
 Has not seen its finish, we're here to attest. 
 Dover stands by his vision of youth, still undaunted — 
 The vision that first bade the youth "Forge ahead !" 
 
275 
 
 A SONG OF IRON 
 
 An old song with a new Ending written for it for the use of the 
 
 Mine Hill Sunday School, Christmas, 1914 
 
 Sing a song of Iron in a mine so deep, 
 Where the mighty mountain watch doth keep; 
 Down must go the miner in the mine so damp, 
 Each one with his pick-axe and his tiny lamp. 
 
 Here he picks and shovels, working all the day. 
 Never sees the sunlight, not a single ray ; 
 Here he finds great treasure, hidden long ago . ( 
 
 ^ In its rocky cavern, far, far down below. i|./ 
 
 Rough, black lumps of iron ore — that is all he sees; 
 
 But he knows the secret, falls upon his knees. 
 
 Drills and picks and shovels, fills his little car. 
 
 Push, push, push, then upward through the shaft so far! 
 
 Now another journey to a furnace door. 
 Where the fierce fire blazing melts the hard black ore 
 Till it glows and sparkles, runs into a mold. 
 Taking form and shape for uses manifold. 
 
 Here's a jolly jack-knife, here's a needle bright. 
 While the Perfect Cook Stove fills us with delight ; 
 There's a locomotive, there's a stout steel rail ; 
 Here's a saw, a hammer; here's a common nail! 
 
 Who could tell the story of the debt we owe 
 To our Friend, the Iron, everywhere we go ! 
 Sing a song of Iron, sing a merry lay ! 
 Sturdy, honest Iron, useful every day! 
 
 THE MINE PULL BLACKSMITH 
 
 I am a Mine Hill blacksmith strong, 
 
 IVIy bellows now I blow ; 
 I poke the fire and sing my song, 
 
 And soon the fire's aglow. 
 Plave you a horse that needs a shoe? 
 
 Then bring him here to me ; 
 I'll shoe him right and quickly, too — 
 
 Ka-link! ka-link ! ka-lee ! (Striking anvil.) 
 
 Unhitch your horse and bring him in 
 And tie him to the wall; 
 
a76 
 
 His old shoes are so thin, so thin, 
 
 He must have new ones all ! 
 Tap ! tap — a pull, off with the old, 
 
 Then from the beam o'erhead 
 Take down a new one, black and cold 
 
 And heat it till it's red ! 
 
 Then on the anvil, blow on blow. 
 
 While showers of sparkles fly, 
 I shape the iron all aglow. 
 
 My busy hammer ply. 
 Now pare the hoof, the shoe nail fast. 
 
 And cut the nail ends bent, 
 And trim with file, till all at last 
 
 Is done to heart's content. 
 
 For a class of boys in the Mine Hill Sunday School, 1915. 
 Sung to "The Jolly Coppersmith," with whistling chorus — 
 
 FORGE AND SONG 
 
 A blacksmith swart and strong am I, 
 
 Now to my work I go, 
 And as the bellows heave and sigh 
 
 The coals are soon aglow. 
 The bellows heave, the bellows blow, 
 
 I sing a merry glee : 
 O tongue of flame, now high, now low. 
 
 My song is like to thee! 
 
 A horseshoe in the coals I lay. 
 
 The bellows softly purr; 
 The cold, black iron grows bright as day, 
 
 The fire I gently stir: 
 The flames leap up in sheer delight. 
 
 The bellows puff and wheeze — 
 O heart of iron, now dark, now bright, 
 
 To thee I sing my glees ! 
 
 Now on the anvil — ^kling, klang, kling! 
 
 The hammer falls, and Lo! 
 Sparks fly and flash, while ding, dang, ding! 
 
 Blow follows quick on blow! 
 The glowing iron I turn and smite. 
 
 And shape it to my will, 
 And sing my song from morn till night — 
 
 Then forge and song grow still. 
 
277 
 
 WHEN GREATGRANDMOTHER WAS A GIRL 
 
 In Wharton there lives a good lady I know, 
 Who has told me about the old times, long ago. 
 When girls were some smarter than what they be now 
 In doing all sorts of things — Oh, they knew how ! 
 
 When she was a youngster, just in her first 'teens, 
 She could pose in a tableau for many fine scenes ; 
 They'd make a real Movie of times here in Dover; 
 Plain living, they called it — they all lived in clover ! 
 
 If you want to know what a young girl could do then. 
 Just follow these lines as they come from my pen. 
 She ought to have been at our late County Fair; 
 Why didn't they give the old folks a place there. 
 With photographs, showing the old-fashioned ways 
 In contrast with these more advanced, cultured days? 
 
 She could sew, she could spin, she could knit, darn a stocking, < 
 And feed the farm chickens when all came a-flocking 
 For supper, ere dark, and for breakfast each morn; 
 Oh, how they would scurry and gobble the corn! 
 
 She could milk and could churn — making butter's an art 
 Now done by machinery, we are so smart ! 
 She could wash, starch the clothes, and could iron 'em by hand — 
 No steam laundry then in this whole Yankee land ! 
 
 She could make pies and cake, bread and doughnuts and cookies — 
 
 She'd be just the girl to look after our rookies ! 
 
 She broke in three heifers for milking, one Spring, 
 
 And kept them all gentle ; but now its "the thing" 
 
 To milk by a newfangled, 'lectric machine. 
 
 And milkmaids are rare, if they ever are seen. 
 
 And then this young lady of those good old times 
 Would go feed the calves and pick berries, betimes. 
 They'd dry all the berries they wished to preserve; 
 No canning done then. Gentle Reader, observe! 
 
 Such apples they had ! nuts to crack ! — just the best 
 Of everything! even eggs fresh from the nest! 
 Cold-storage eggs saved from the date of the flood 
 Were unheard of then — now, the prices draw blood ! 
 
278 
 
 Her father kept cows of his own ; thirty sheep 
 Furnished wool all the household in clothing to keep. 
 Homespun was the fashion ; a suit didn't cost 
 Half a hundred in those days when no time was lost 
 In gadding about. Your coat came from the back 
 Of the sheep without shoddy ; but, lately, a-lack ! 
 The "wool" is "short fibre," with "filling" — devices 
 That lower the quality — not the high prices. 
 
 They killed their own sheep when they wanted good mutton, 
 
 And then, just to show that a man wa'n't a glutton. 
 
 He "divvied" the meat with his neighbors — each took 
 
 A share for his household, 'twa'n't charged in a book ; 
 
 But share, share about ; now, our butcher bill mounts 
 
 By airplane to heaven, from recent accounts. 
 
 "Clam Classes" they had in that primitive time — 
 
 A topic I've never seen treated in rhyme. 
 
 A great load of charcoal was taken to town, 
 
 An ox-team the engine that hustled it down 
 
 To NEWARK'S tide waters, where clams from the Bay 
 
 Would fill up the wagon upon the home way. 
 
 Again the quaint fashion would come into play 
 
 Of share, share about with the folks 'cross the way. 
 
 And such was the practice with oysters and shad, 
 
 A custom "passay," but it wasn't half bad. 
 
 Enough ! — we now live in an age more progressive 
 Of modern inventions and — prices aggressive! 
 And we smile as we read of those long-vanished ways, 
 And sigh, in our dreams — "Give us back the old days !" 
 But wake from our doze with a start to discover 
 Greatgrandmother smiling — she knows we all love her — 
 To see her greatgranddaughters passing above her 
 And old household arts coming back in new guise — 
 Not "arts" now, but "science" we say, and look wise. 
 October 4, 191 9. 
 
 LOG CABINS 
 
 Log cabins in Dover! — well, "I want to know!" 
 
 As the folks say, "down East," when they're hard pressed to show 
 
 Amazement and wonder at travelers' yarns : 
 
 Log cabins in Dover there were, not mere barns, 
 
 But homes where folks lived and raised families, so 
 
 I've heard from somebody who surely must know. 
 
 Since houses are so hard to get in these days, 
 
 O Muse, help me sing the Old Log Cabin's praise ! 
 
279 
 
 The neighbors would each bring a log, trimmed and hewn, 
 
 To fit into place in the cabin that soon 
 
 Would welcome newcomers who came out to share 
 
 Our life in the wilderness: all hands prepare 
 
 To build the new home and in three days the folks 
 
 Are keeping house in it, the best of good jokes ! 
 
 No house-rent, no plumber, no gas bill, no 'phone T 
 
 Just a cozy log cabin, a home of your own ! 
 
 No coal bill ! — go out in the back lot — an axe 
 
 Will garner your fuel — expense, a few whacks ! 
 
 The chinks of your cabin, well plastered with clay. 
 
 Were not quite air-tight — good enough in their way. 
 
 Sometimes the bare ground may have served for the floor, 
 
 And the latch-string hung out from the rude battened door. 
 
 A chimney place filled the great room with its cheer ; 
 
 Around it in winter all loved to draw near. 
 
 The "pie pan" stood ready for baking — they never 
 
 Used baker's bread then, they just cooked up whatever 
 
 They wanted, right there in hot coals — a wood fire 
 
 With its blaze and its glow was a thing to admire. 
 
 No "Perfect Range" then, no gas stove, no steam heat; 
 
 Yet life in a cabin of logs may be sweet. 
 
 So it may, but the Garden of Eden, you know. 
 
 Was spoiled by a snake, and a snake loves the glow 
 
 Of a log cabin fire, and the crumbs and tid-bits 
 
 That fall on the floor — a snake lives by its wits. 
 
 The mother was ailing; a nurse, for a spell. 
 Was helping the household till mother was well. 
 The nurse, in bare feet, tip-toed softly about, 
 When suddenly something put good nurse in rout. 
 She had trod, in the dark, on a soft, wriggling snake; 
 She runs to the candle-tree — quick ! bring a light ! 
 A candle she snatches in haste and aflfright. 
 For a snake in the dark and bare feet make her quake. 
 
 She searches and searches, no snake comes to view; 
 The mother is anxious ; her little ones — two — 
 In their low trundle bed are now soundly asleep ; 
 She lifts up the bedclothes and then takes a peep — 
 Sir Snake is right there — copperhead, sure as death ! 
 The mother stands, stares, scarcely dares draw a breath ! 
 
 Then, quick, snatched her darlings to safety ! returned ; 
 Drew the sheet by the corners, the snake slipping down. 
 Was held there : she stirred up the fire till it burned 
 With a blaze fierce and hot as the mother's stern frown; 
 
28o 
 
 Then slid the dread copperhead into the flame — 
 He squealed like a pig ! — so this New Jersey dame 
 Saved her home from that shadow of heartrending woe 
 In that cozy log cabin, so long, long ago ! 
 
 OVENS 
 Illustrating the History of Industry 
 
 We make stoves in Dover ; the moulders prepare 
 
 Trim molds shaped of sand with the greatest of care; 
 
 When ready, the iron is poured into each mold, 
 
 Where it hardens and cools into shapes manifold. 
 
 So parts of a stove are first cast, then assembled, 
 
 To make our new models of cook stoves so fine : 
 
 The old-fashioned oven of ancient design — 
 
 The open-air oven — but little resembled 
 
 Our new Perfect Range, polished up, spick and span : 
 
 The pride of the housewife, this stands in the van 
 
 Of inventions sought out to rejuvenate Man; 
 
 But your open-air oven, built out in the yard, 
 
 Was an ancient device, all unsung by a bard, 
 
 'Most as old as the hills, we might say — Mother Eve 
 
 Was the first one to use it, I really believe. 
 
 When she made pies and cookies for Abel and Cain, 
 
 After moving from Paradise Row, where, of course. 
 
 No cook-stoves were known. I have searched, all in vain, 
 
 For the earliest, primitive, way-back first source 
 
 Of arts culinary — in vain I inquire 
 
 For Adam's First Lessons on Lighting a Fire. 
 
 The Dover Library, though quite up-to-date, 
 
 Can give me no light on the ultimate fate 
 
 Of Cain, who ate everything raw; there's a hint 
 
 That his wife couldn't cook — did I see it in print? 
 
 Eve didn't approve of her! Poor Cain! the man 
 
 Whose wife cannot cook must fall under the ban I 
 
 But somehow, sometime, Man invented a way 
 
 To cook and be civilized in that far day. 
 
 And the oven on stilts, right out there in the yard. 
 
 Came down through the ages, unsung by a bard 
 
 Till I found this great subject, unhackneyed, unworn, 
 
 Fresh, fair as a rose in the dew of the morn. 
 
 'Twas my Lady of Wharton who gave me the cue 
 
 To this wonderful theme, so old-timey, so new! 
 
 I pause just a moment to bow and to greet her, 
 
 And now I must finish my task in short meter. 
 
 Four crotched sticks you drive in the ground; other sticks 
 
 Are then laid across; thereupon sods you fix, 
 
28l 
 
 And earth over that ; then flat stones ; next you build 
 
 An oven of stones, loose, the cracks to be filled 
 
 With clay, arched a-top; leave a mouth, make a door 
 
 And a hole for a draft ; make a flat oven floor ; 
 
 Put in wood, light your fire ; when the oven is hot 
 
 Take out all the ashes, bake bread or what not — 
 
 Roast turkey, roast pig, pies and cakes — tell you what I 
 
 That oven could soften a hard heart of stone ! 
 
 Poor Cain ! if his poor, shiftless wife had but known 
 
 The secret to soften the heart of a brute 
 
 By cooking up victuals ! — that diet of fruit 
 
 Might do for a while, but — roast turkey in season, 
 
 Has charms, I must say, and no doubt "there's a reasorL"" 
 
 One thing Eve regretted — that apple? — Oh, yes! 
 
 But another thing weighed on her spirits, I guess ; 
 
 The records don't say so — I've searched 'em in vain;. 
 
 But I guess she repented the day she raised Cain. 
 
 She pondered the matter and hit on a plan 
 
 To soften the heart of too primitive Man: 
 
 She invented the oven, as sure as I'm human! 
 
 Or — could it be? — was it the man or the woman 
 
 Who first hit upon this great, wondrous invention? 
 
 Eve, Eve must have done it, without contravention ! 
 
 The Richardson-Boynton folks took up the story 
 
 And covered themselves and old Dover with glory 
 
 By making the Perfect Cook Range for our nation, 
 
 And that's why we stand at the head of Creation, 
 
 Because of our toothsome, well-cooked, perfect ration! 
 
 UNCLE BYRAM. 
 
 O Muse, help me sing, not of mythical kings, 
 
 Blood-curdling adventures and such thrilling things, 
 
 Nor of love and romance, of fond courtship and wooing^, 
 
 Of Cupid and Dido, of billing and cooing: 
 
 All these I renounce — for the moment — to sing 
 
 Of a plain, staid old bachelor. How can I fling 
 
 A halo of glory about such a man? 
 
 Looks dubious, does it? — I'll do what I can. 
 
 He lived with his brother, the wheelwright, whose shop 
 
 Was a place where old wagons and coaches must stop 
 
 For repairs when they weakened with age. At the corner 
 
 Of Dickerson street and the old Lampson road 
 
 It stood in its day, near his humble abode. 
 
 You see, Gentle Reader, my Muse is no scomer 
 
 Of quiet old people who worked at a trade, 
 
 Respected for character, not what they made. 
 
282 
 
 Zenas Pruden made wagons ; his wife was "Aunt Sally," 
 
 And now to my story my wits I must rally. 
 
 My hero was born on the Old Pruden farm 
 
 Near Morristown. There more than one generation 
 
 Of Prudens grew up. Amid war's rude alarm, 
 
 When our soldiers were camped there they found Pruden's farm 
 
 A Godsend in helping them eke out their ration. 
 
 A brick kiln was there and my hero made brick 
 
 For the County Court House. But life's changes come quick. 
 
 At twenty young Byram enlists for the war. 
 
 On Governor's Island he helps to defend 
 
 New York from the British until the war's end. 
 
 Peace comes : Byram Pruden, a warrior no more. 
 
 In time comes to Dover and uncles the brood 
 
 Of Aunt Sally's children in Dickerson street. 
 
 Their love makes his bachelor life passing sweet- 
 
 Thus have I the life of my hero reviewed 
 
 To the day when he was, as historians say, , 
 
 The hero, in truth, of a notable day. 
 
 The Morris Canal, that renowned waterway, 
 
 From Dover to Rockaway then was complete. 
 
 Friend Pragnall, boat-builder, has built the first boa% 
 
 To be christened The Dover, a marvelous feat 
 
 Of Jersey ship-building. To set it afloat 
 
 Was a grand ceremony — a launching, in fact. 
 
 A great celebration it was. From afar 
 
 The people flocked in to behold this great act 
 
 In the drama of Dover, and nothing could mar 
 
 The joy of that day. Uncle Byram was staged 
 
 For the proud role of Captain, to take full command 
 
 Of the boat and the launching, and he had engaged 
 
 To take this new craft, on her brave maiden trip, 
 
 To Rockaway, then the far end of the ditch. 
 
 I tell you ! Excitement was at a high pitch 
 
 When The Dover of Dover set out at a clip 
 
 That vied with an ox-team ! A red-letter day , 
 
 For Dover it was ! Uncle Byram looked back 
 
 All his days to that voyage. An admiral may , 
 
 Be proud of his Flagship ; but when the long slack 
 
 Of the rope of The Dover of Dover grew taut, 
 
 As the mule on the towpath stepped off — you just ought 
 
 To have stood on the deck with the Captain to steer. 
 
 While the Basin resounded with cheer upon cheer! 
 
283 
 
 A RACE 
 
 A race ! a race ! a race, I say ! 
 
 The strangest race in many a day ! 
 
 Not striplings in their 'teens who try 
 
 To make quick time and show they're spry : 
 
 No, something better, greater, this ! 
 
 A race no youngster ought to miss. 
 
 Three old folks here in Dover town 
 
 Once ran this race and won renown. 
 
 One runner was an ancient dame, 
 
 And Mistress Chrystal was her name, 
 
 On Patrick Chrystal's farm, you know, 
 
 Where Jordans lived not long ago. 
 
 Another was good Elder Ford, 
 
 James Ford, a man who loved the Lord. 
 
 And Byram Pruden was the third — 
 
 Of such a race who ever heard? 
 
 They took their time and ambled on 
 
 Till ten and four-score years were gone. 
 
 The race began to be exciting 
 
 When ninety-five was reached and passed. 
 
 Each wondered who would be the last. 
 
 The Home-stretch now, at last, they're sighting. 
 
 Who'll reach the goal, the century mark, 
 
 Still cherishing the vital spark? 
 
 Will Uncle Byram win? His span 
 
 Of life is ninety-five and more. 
 
 He's out ! Now Elder Ford's the man ! 
 
 He may win yet! Ah, no! his score, 
 
 That Man's allotted span defies. 
 
 Is closed at ninety-eight : the prize 
 
 Our Dover Atalanta wins. 
 
 Undazzled by life's orbs of gold, 
 
 As once the ancient tale was told. 
 
 Her thread of life she slowly spins ; 
 
 She does not swerve, but pushes on 
 
 And almost sees the century's dawn. 
 
 She fails to reach the hundred line. 
 
 But makes a score of ninety-nine! 
 
 A DOVER CHRISTMAS— 1866 
 
 As Narrated by Major Andrew Baker Byram 
 Ting-a, ling-a, ling-a, ling ! 
 Hear the merry sleigh-bells ring! 
 Father Byram's at the door. 
 And this is Christmas Day, what's more! 
 
284 
 
 "Get in, good wife, and children all ! 
 
 Come, take a ride and make a call! 
 
 We'll drive to Dover this fine day: 
 
 Let's get the good of our new sleigh!" 
 
 Well-wrapped and snug, away they glide 
 
 Down Mine Hill's icy mountain side. 
 
 Through Dover now they take their way. 
 
 Up Lampson's Road ; then stop and stay. 
 
 "Jump out ! Jump out !" says Father B. 
 
 "Walk in ! Walk in, good wife, and see 
 
 Your Christmas gift — this house is yours 
 
 And here we stay henceforth, as sure's 
 
 You find it furnished, fit and ready; 
 
 So make yourself at home, my Steady !" 
 
 His wife got out, the place to view; 
 
 The eager children fairly flew 
 
 From room to room — "New tables, chairs!" 
 
 "New stoves I Fires lit !" — They climb the stairs. 
 
 "Which room is mine?" — "And mine?" "And mine?"" 
 
 "I tell you what, this place is fine !" 
 
 "Goodbye! Goodbye! Goodbye, Mine Hill! 
 
 "Stay here we must ! Stay here we will !" 
 
 "This Christmas present suits us all !" 
 
 "We've come to stay, not make a call !" 
 
 "And here's the check that pays the bill — 
 
 Six thousand ! Stay we must and will !" 
 
 FORD'S POND 
 
 There once was a dear little pond, fair to see, 
 In the "sixties" renowned as a "lake" — can it be? 
 But now 'tis a rank bed of weeds, with a rill 
 Of water that flows from the Chrystal street hill, 
 Except when it rains ; a big mud puddle then 
 You may find on this spot — till it dries up again. 
 "Ford's Pond" is the name of this woe-begone spot 
 In the good town of Dover — a pond it is not. 
 
 Beside the stone wall that you see over there 
 Once stood William Ford's famous shop, a place where 
 Young Vulcans were trained to the blacksmithing trader 
 Here axes were ground and all edge tools displayed; 
 Gunsmithing and turning were done on demand, 
 And axes were made, of the very best brand. 
 Further down was his house, near the tracks as now seen, 
 With garden and pear-trees and plum-trees. I ween. 
 How changed since that day when the anvil rang loud 
 And the master mechanic of Dover, so proud, 
 Labored here in his smithy from morning til! night: 
 His monument's yonder, off there to the right. 
 
285 
 
 How often, in winter, when Jack Frost had crowned 
 The pond of those days with firm ice, here were found 
 The boys and the girls, all so blithesome and gay, 
 Now sliding, now gliding the swift hours away! 
 
 Released from the schoolhouse there under the hill, 
 They coasted and skated with hearty good will, 
 Nor dreamed of the day when the pond should go dry 
 And the shop pass away and the railroad come by ! 
 
 But hold ! — when mosquitoes no longer decide 
 Their eggs to its stagnating shoals to confide 
 And keep all the neighbors awake, summer nights, 
 "With music that banishes slumbrous delights ; 
 "When the cold gathers keen and the winter grows grim 
 We'll flood the old pond again, up to the brim. 
 And merry young voices shall ring out so free 
 And Challenge the ghosts of the past in their glee ! 
 
 WILLIAM YOUNG 
 A Ballad of Dover in 1847. 
 
 When William Young to Dover came 
 
 In eighteen-forty-seven 
 It was a quiet rural scene — 
 
 To him it seemed like heaven. 
 
 He came upon a pleasure trip ; 
 
 He looked the village over : 
 "'Twas love at sight — he pulled up stakes 
 
 And came to live in Dover. 
 
 A tiny house he found, quite cheap; 
 
 He made a bake-shop there, 
 And soon began to thrive ; in thrift 
 
 His good wife did her share. 
 
 'She loved her good man ; for his sake 
 
 She cheerfully forsook 
 The city life, the ballrooms gay 
 
 Of Brooklyn, and betook 
 Tier pilgrim footsteps to these wilds — 
 
 Ford's Pond was o'er the way — 
 The frogs in solemn chorus croaked 
 
 Their wish that she might stay. 
 
286 
 
 And so she did and minded well 
 
 Her household and the shop ; 
 And to her loving William she 
 
 Failed not to be a prop. 
 
 A rustic little village then 
 
 Was here — a rolling mill, 
 A furnace, factory, some stores. 
 Boatyard, some land to till, 
 With gardens fair and shaded streets 
 
 Where now are marts of trade. 
 While seven hundred souls in all, 
 
 Their home in Dover made. 
 
 There was no railroad in those days. 
 
 But William prophesied 
 That through the quiet village soon 
 
 The noisy trains would glide. 
 
 The neighbors laughed his words to scorn ; 
 
 He vowed that he was right ; 
 And in a year or so 'twas plain — 
 
 He had Scotch "second sight." 
 
 Oh, what a day of days was that 
 
 When on the new-laid track 
 The cars came rumbling on their way 
 
 And then went rumbling back ! 
 
 The people came from miles away 
 
 The strange new sight to see ; 
 They ushered the New Era in 
 
 With wonderment and glee. 
 
 That was in '48 ; next came 
 
 The gold year, '49 ! 
 When Neighbor Hurd and "Sandy"' Young 
 
 Went west to find a mine. 
 
 But William bided by his shop 
 And baked his cakes and bread, 
 
 And found more gold in Dover here 
 Than "Sandy" — it is said. 
 
 And William proved himself a man, 
 
 A citizen of worth, 
 A school trustee, a pillar he ; 
 
 In brief — "salt of the earth." 
 
287 
 
 Within his shop he made a place 
 
 For books, the S. of T. 
 Library found a haven here — 
 Snug quarters, cosy, free. 
 
 And so he fed the inner man 
 With bread and dainties sweet. 
 
 While doctrines of the "S. of T." 
 Gave strength to wavering feet. 
 
 One night there was a snow-storm drear ; 
 
 A stranger came that way 
 And asked a shelter from the storm — 
 
 The good wife said him nay. 
 
 He was far-gone — no pleasing guest ; 
 
 He staggered out, astray ! 
 But William followed through the storm 
 
 And brought him back to stay. 
 
 He stayed a night, he stayed a week, 
 
 From kindly host he learned 
 The secret of a better life 
 
 And to that light he turned. 
 
 How can I tell the kindly deeds, 
 The works of William Young? 
 
 From morn to night hold forth I might, 
 But book must succor tongue. 
 
 So turn ye to the Chronicles 
 
 Of Dover, where you'll find 
 The story of this honest Scot — 
 
 A lover of his kind ! 
 
 TAVE. 
 From Dickerson Street to the White House. 
 
 Good Aunt Sally Pruden — no better could be — 
 
 Lived on Dickerson street, long ago, where you see 
 
 A shoe shop these days. The front window displays 
 
 A name from the land of the talented Caesar, 
 
 Whose works we still study in school ; would it please her- 
 
 Aunt Sally, I mean — her front window to see 
 
 Littered up with old shoes, where a first familie 
 
 Of Dover upheld the old town's dignitie ? 
 
 Aunt Sally? — the story is long; I can't tell it 
 
 Straight on — my pen stumbles ; Time's changes compel it 
 
 To ramble afar from those staid, quiet days 
 
288 
 
 When Aunt Sally "resided" on Dickerson street. 
 
 She saw the incoming of new-fangled ways — 
 
 Canal boats; the railroad, the new church. Her feet 
 
 Never knew these new fashions in French taper heels. 
 
 Her good man was wheelwright ; he tired wagon wheels. 
 
 His shop on the comer, now transmogrified, 
 
 Once kept each old family coach in repair. 
 
 Stage coaches, farm wagons he deftly supplied 
 
 With spokes, hubs and tires — not the new rubber ware. 
 
 To resume : that old house in the sketch I first gave : 
 
 A picture I have of that old house when Tave 
 
 Stood before it. His folks are there, too ; a big tree 
 
 Overshadows the homestead. Why didn't they save . , 
 
 That tree? But the folks are gone too. Now we see 
 
 A shoe shop, show windows, shoes — nothing but shoes! 
 
 And a name from the land of the Classical Muse! 
 
 Ottavius — Tave, as they called him, the boy 
 
 Aunt Sally raised here, was his mother's true joy. 
 
 He went to the war — Major Pruden, ere long! 
 
 (This tale is a history more than a song.) 
 
 But Tave was so skilled with the pen he was shifted 
 
 From gun-work to pen-work and shortly he drifted 
 
 Right into the White House, in '72, 
 
 And stayed there and stayed : Grant, Hayes — he stayed through 
 
 Their terms and four more ; six presidents he 
 
 Assisted as "Master of Ceremonie," 
 
 In ruling the White House. At banquets he knew 
 
 Where notable guests should be seated, and few 
 
 Ever wielded a pen with such masterly art : 1 
 
 ('Twas right here in Dover he got his first start!) 
 
 Commissions and dinner cards, papers of state 
 
 He engrossed and illumined in colors ; so great 
 
 Was his much admired skill that his work could be found 
 
 Shown "on exhibition" the whole wide world 'round. 
 
 So much for the little old house, where one day 
 
 A great man was seen, on a visit, they say , 
 
 Secretary of State of our nation, the guest 
 
 Of Aunt Sally Pruden, of memory blest! 
 
280 
 
 RAPID TRANSIT 
 1 820- 1 920 
 
 When Dover citizens of yore, 
 
 Intent on making speed, 
 Would make a rapid transit trip. 
 
 They knew no iron steed. 
 
 An ox-team was their motive power. 
 
 Yoked to a loaded wain ; 
 Fast-steppers could, ere supper time. 
 
 Their goal in Newark gain. 
 
 The axles may have creaked a bit, 
 The "critters" may have lowed; 
 
 But, on the whole, a quiet time 
 They had upon the road. 
 
 Perhaps they blew a horn and cried 
 "Fresh clams!" as they returned; 
 
 They had "Clam Classes" in those days, 
 As I've from old folks learned. 
 
 But things have changed, we're faster now 
 
 And noisier times are here ; 
 By day, by night we start in fright 
 
 At shrieks that pierce the ear. 
 
 Four thrilling blasts, five ripping blasts, 
 
 At dead of night or dawn, 
 Rouse us from sleep and slumbers deep 
 
 With signal cries long-drawn. 
 
 And rumbling trains go crashing by 
 
 With thunderous jolt and jar ; 
 With cars from Kansas, Frisco, freight 
 For Buenos Aires far. 
 
 Anon a high crescendo sharp 
 Wakes echoes round the curve, 
 
 And nearer, nearer shrills the blast 
 While tingles every nerve. 
 
 The 'Leven-twenty Flier comes — 
 
 You know the time of day — 
 And with a rush her wheels just brush 
 
 The rails — and she's away! 
 
290 
 
 And now a yard-train puffs and snorts 
 
 And shoots it jangling cars 
 This way and that with noisy clat — 
 
 Clat-clattcr — sudden jars ! 
 
 Till ghosts of those whose bones were laid 
 
 To rest on Morris Street, 
 Above Ford's Pond, awake and flee 
 
 In horrified retreat. 
 
 Such are our daily symphonies, 
 
 Our modes of transit fleet; 
 We have our moving pictures now 
 
 And music halls elite. 
 
 The airplane circles overhead, 
 
 We ride in motor cars, 
 A team of oxen can't be found, 
 
 We hob-nob with the stars. 
 
 THE TOWN CLERK, 1922 
 
 The Town Clerk is a busy man — 
 All day and eke at night 
 
 He toils and moils to do the work 
 That falls to him by right. 
 
 Upon his shoulders men bestow 
 Their multifarious cares ; 
 
 He lifts the load and with it all 
 A dimpling smile he wears. 
 
 Tall and erect, he strides along 
 With quick and springy pace; 
 
 Upon our streets and in parades 
 He has a leading place. 
 
 For he is of the Firemen, now 
 Exempt by service long, 
 
 And yet his youthful gait reveals 
 A man alert and strong. 
 
 And he is of the Elks, a clan 
 That has a chapter here ; 
 
 A "mixer" with "the boys" is he, 
 Abounding in good cheer. 
 
a^i 
 
 When Council meets, 'tis then he shines; 
 
 He reads the minute book, 
 And gallops through the last i^^rt 
 
 More swift than babbling brook. 
 
 He calls the business by the oard, 
 He takes notes with dispatch; 
 
 He keeps things moving, brisk and sure — 
 In town is not his match. 
 
 Ho^v to proceed, what to record, 
 To keep a strict account 
 
 Of bills and monies he is keen. 
 Of large or small amount. 
 
 When Bicentennial Days draw near, 
 
 He hoes the longest row. 
 And does his very level best 
 
 To make all smoothly go. 
 
 Chief Carhart finds in him a prop, 
 
 A staflF that never breaks ; 
 Committees march and countermarch- 
 
 J. B. the minutes takes. 
 
 "JOE BAKER" is the current name 
 By which this Qerk is known ; 
 
 His deeds I cannot all declare — 
 These few hereby are shown. 
 
292 
 
 THE FIREMEN 
 
 The Firemen are the gallant lads 
 Whose deeds deserve a song ; 
 
 They've caught the Bicentennial tune 
 And swung it right along. 
 
 I shall not tell of their good work 
 In fighting smoke and flame 
 
 Nor how they love a timely lark — 
 Their spirits are not tame. 
 
 But wheri they tackle Old Home Week 
 
 Or Bicentennial Years 
 They surely show a level head 
 
 Befitting engineers. 
 
 They know the ropes, the ins and outs, 
 
 Each pitfall and each snag, 
 Nor do they dilly dally long 
 
 Or vainly chew the rag. 
 
 Right to the point they drive with clear 
 Shrewd sense and mother wit, 
 
 And shoulder loads that well might give 
 Less sturdy men a fit. 
 
 Concessions, street parades and shows 
 
 Are playthings ; Hookies are 
 At home in contests, prizes, fairs, 
 
 Music or gay bazaar. 
 
 Comrades in danger or in fun, 
 
 They work to beat the band ; 
 Protracted meetings are their forte 
 
 When such things are on hand. 
 
 They've asked our friends and neighbors 'round 
 
 To help us celebrate 
 A BICENTENNIAL for all— 
 
 No lonely "Dover Date." 
 
 The DOVER FIREMEN, gallant lads! 
 They are the lads who got up steam 
 
 They shine at fires or fetes : 
 
 To publish DOVER DATES. 
 
293 
 
 THE SONG OF DOVER 
 1 722-1922 
 
 My birthplace was an iron-forge 
 
 Beside a flowing stream ; 
 
 The murmuring pines and hemlocks stooG 
 
 On either hand in deep amaze 
 
 And could but stand and gaze and gaze 
 
 And whisper, "Bodes it ill or good 
 
 Or is it but a passing dream, 
 
 This clanging iron-forge? 
 
 The startled trout from shaded nook 
 Came out to take a wondering look. 
 Then darted back in deep dismay- 
 To hear the knell of that long day 
 When Red Men roamed the forest here 
 And fished the streams and stalked the deer, 
 When wolfpacks ranged the hill and glen. 
 When bruin found himself a den 
 Far up the stream, above the Falls, 
 'Neath overhanging rocky walls. 
 
 The Red Man came and saw the doom 
 Of his slight weapons tipped with stone; 
 Time, with his ever-shifting loom, 
 Has changed the pattern — weak, outgrown, 
 The pointed flint, the axehead crude 
 Must yield to better art; the change 
 From Stone to Iron begins this hour; 
 This forge points out the way to power. 
 
 But hope of better days is born 
 Beside this stream, for Plenty's horn 
 Shall overflow when plowshares bright 
 Prepare new harvests and the might 
 Of steam shall drive the iron horse 
 On, thundering, with resistless force; 
 When men shall speed from East to West 
 And garner with untiring zest 
 New fruits and riches from the lana 
 Where roamed the untaught Indian band. 
 
 Dread wars shall rise, and shot and shell 
 Drawn from these hills shall break the spell 
 Of naked warriors and their arts 
 Of dealing death by spear and bow. 
 Science its wondrous power imparts. 
 This forge shall deal a mightier blow 
 For Freedom than has yet been dealt 
 By scalping knife and tomahawk. 
 The mind that can the iron ore smelt 
 
294 
 
 Shall make new magic; wires shall talk. 
 Strange, humming-birds shall circle high 
 Above Mine Hill and onward fly; 
 Munitions from these hills, and men 
 Shall cross the wide Atlantic sea 
 And do their part to uphold again 
 The law of right and keep Man free. 
 
 Great furnaces shall gleam at night 
 There in the North. This forge shall rend 
 The very hills that round it bend. 
 From rocky depth shall bring to light 
 The wealth long hid, far, far below 
 These wooded heights. The forge's glow. 
 Shall be the hall-mark of the town 
 That here is born. Time, time shall show 
 The path that leads to world renown. 
 
 My birthplace was an iron-forge 
 Beside a flowing stream. 
 
 Where murmuring pines and hemlocks stood 
 On either hand : who then could see 
 What in two hundred years would be? 
 May coming years bring greater good 
 That still shall follow from the gleam 
 Of that old iron-forge? 
 
295 
 
 INDEX DOVER DATES 
 
 Abolition, 36 
 
 Account Book. 1821-80,:flO 
 Acftdemy, 83,39 
 Adath Israel, 168 
 Advance. The, IBS 
 Aetna Forge. 218 
 Agriculture, 207 
 Aldermen, 87 
 Alpere, M- E. 102 
 Analysis of Ores, 250 
 Andros, Bidmund, 12, 13 
 Armory, 182 
 Atlas Powder Co.. 227 
 Awakening, Great 25 
 Baker, Jos. V., 290-1 
 Baker Homestead, 26 
 Baker & Ludlow, 28 
 Baker, Wm. Hedges, 195 
 Bank. National Union, 147 
 Baptist Church, 165 
 Barclay, Rob't. 13 
 Barstow Management Co., 80,^13 
 Basse, Jeremiah, 16, 20 
 Battery D., 191 
 Beach, Electa, 53 
 Beach Glen Mine, 244 
 Belcher, Jonathan, 18 
 Beman, David, 53 
 Beman's Forge, 26, 43,45,48 
 Beemer, Alpheus, 45 
 Berkshire Valley, 
 Birch Wm. F., 233 
 Blackwell & McFarlan, 31 
 Boiler Works, 233 
 Bowlby, R. S. 140 
 Boys' Brigade, 184 
 Breese, Carrie A. 62, Harriet 
 Brook, Granny's, 65 
 Brotherhood Overalls, 202 
 Brotherton, Henry, 24, 26 
 Brotherlon, Richard, 48, 49 
 Brotrerton, James W., 24, 26, 4 
 Buck, Peter C, 122-127 
 Burlington, 23 
 Burnet, Martha A., 129 
 Burnet, Wm. 17 
 Butterworth, Joshua H., 35 
 Byram, Uncle, 281 
 Byram Bthelbert, 88 
 Canal, 254 
 Candle Tree, 211 
 Campbell, Neill, 15 
 Canfield. Fred'k A., 35, 45, 46 
 Canfleld & Losey, 27, 31, 43 
 Capitals of East Jersey, 23 
 Carhart, George B. 94, 95 
 Carteret, Philip, 11, 12, 13 
 Cemeteries, 175 
 Centennial Collections, 134 
 Central R. R ?.'', Ja.^ 
 Chambers, Rev. T. F., 172 
 Chapel, Crystal St., 166 
 Charcoal, 244 
 Charter of Dover. 37 
 Christmas, A. Dover, 283 
 Churches, 160. 167 
 Circuit preachers, 31 
 Civil War, 37 
 Clam Classes. 278, 289 
 Clergymen (See c^urclies) 
 
 Coramaree, 30 
 
 Company M.. 181 
 
 Concentrating Ore«, 24T 
 
 Conaolidated Uinea. 24K 
 
 Constables, 89 
 
 Constitution .State, 35 
 
 Cook. John K., 205 
 
 Cornbury. 17 
 
 Counties. 14 
 
 Court. District. 90, Police. 89 
 
 Crane Hill, 62 
 
 Crane. Uzal Newton. 62, 63, 180 
 
 Commissions. Sewerage, 86 
 
 Commissions, Shade Tree, 85 
 
 Commissions, Sinking Fund. 85 
 
 Committees, Standing, 83 
 
 Community, Elements of, 29 
 
 Cook Range, Perfect, 281 
 
 Counterman, Chas. U., 88 
 
 Crystal Ice Co., 218 
 
 Denmark, Lake, 229 
 
 Dlckerson, Jonathan, 28, 33 
 
 Dickerson, Mahlon, 46 
 
 Dickerson Mine. 21, 28, 65 
 
 Downs-Slater Iron Foundry, 238 
 
 Dover Boiler Works. 233 
 
 Dover Iron Co.. 37 
 
 Dover, 21, 25 
 
 Dover Telephone Co., 216 
 
 Dover of Dover, 34, 282 
 
 Dover, founded, 2J., Town, 45 
 
 Dover, The Song of, 293; A. Song, 70 
 
 Drying Ores, 248 
 
 Dutch Rule, 10 
 
 Dynamite,, 218, 220, 228 
 
 Education, Board of, 86, 141, 142, 134 
 
 Elizabeth Town, 11, 16, 18, 23 
 
 Elks' Prize Essay, 143 
 
 Explosives, 218 
 
 Embargo, 30 
 
 Employees, (see Industrials) 
 
 Enterprise, The Dover, 151 
 
 Environment of Dover, 46 
 
 Exports, (see Industrials) 
 
 Era, Iron, 62, 151 
 
 Faesch, J. J., 218, 240 
 
 Faesch. Richard, 27, 240 
 
 Ferromont, 46 
 
 Fires in Dover, 91 
 
 Firemen, Exempt, 91 
 
 Firemen, Department, 91, 292 
 
 Fltz Randolph, Hartshorn, 25, 45, 48 
 
 Flav, What it Means, 143 
 
 Flartey, Geo. R., 189 
 
 Ford, Col. Jacob, 218 
 
 Ford's Pond, 71, 284; Forcite, 227 
 
 Ford, Wm., 33, 254 
 
 Forge, Jackson's, 18, 274, 293 
 
 Fourth of July, 32, 262 
 
 Foundry (Downs-Slater, 238 
 
 Franklin, Gov. Wm., 18 
 
 Freeman, Minerva, 116, 118, 120 
 
 Freight Service, 251, 252 
 
 French, Mrs. Mabel, 106 
 
 Friends, 46 
 
 Frog & Switch Shop, 239 
 
 Gardner. Wm., 89 
 
 Gas & Electric Co., 
 
 George I., 17 
 
 George IT., 17 
 
 George III.. 27 
 
 Gibson, John S. 62 
 
296 
 
 Gill, Harry R., 151 
 
 Girl Scouts, 205 
 
 Governors, Colonial, 17 
 
 Grand Army of Republic, 37, 179 
 
 Great grandmother^ poem, 277 
 
 Guard. The Dover, 186 
 
 Guards, Home, 189 
 
 Guenther, Paul, 203 
 
 Halloway, Rev. W. W., 62, luS, 160 
 
 Hamilton, Gov., 16 
 
 Hanover Township, 45 
 
 Hatfield, Edwin, 23 
 
 Health, Board of, 85, 100 
 
 Hebrew Society, 176 
 
 Hercules Club, 222 
 
 Hercules Powder Co., 218 
 
 Historical Poems, 274, 294 
 
 Hosking-, Wm. H., Mayor, 83 
 
 Hospital, Auxiliary, 110 
 
 Hospital, General, 108 
 
 Hulsart, J. H., 137-9 
 
 Hummel. Wm. G., 3; Francis F., 151 
 
 Hunter, Rob't, 19 
 
 Hunterdon Co., 18, 19, 45 
 
 Hurd. Charlotte S., 127 
 
 Hurd, John W., 36 
 
 Hurd, Joyiah, 43 
 
 Hurd Park, C5, 122 
 
 Hurdtown, Scenes, 78 
 
 Hygiene, Child, 106 
 
 Illumination, 211 
 
 Indians, 19, 44 
 
 Index, The, 151 
 
 Industrial 
 
 Iron Era, 62, 151 
 
 Iron Trade Review, 232. 250 
 
 Iron Works. 2S0 
 
 .Tacobites, 16 
 
 Jackso-n, Aunt Abigail, 52 
 
 Jackson, Benjamin, 53 
 
 Jackson, John. 17, 21, 22, 45, 48, 274 
 
 Jackson, Joseph, 27 
 
 Jackson. Stephen, 27 
 
 James II, 15 
 
 Jerseyman, The, Preface 
 
 Johnson, Thomas F., 66 
 
 Justices of Peace, 89 
 
 Kattermann. Emll G., 201. 141 
 
 Kenstler's Band, 215, 137 
 
 Kenvll Plant, 218 
 
 King. Rev. B.. 31, 19 
 
 Kirkbride, Jos.. 21 
 
 Labor, (See Industrials) 
 
 Laboratory. Board of Health, 102 
 
 Lackawanna R. R., 257 
 
 Latham, Jos., 20, 21 
 
 Laundry, Cook's, 205 
 
 Lawrie, Gawen, 14, 15 
 
 League, Home Defense. 188 
 
 Lefevre, artist, 78 
 
 Legion, American, 194 
 
 L^nni Lenape, 19 
 
 Library, Free Public, 85, 129, 133 
 
 Livingston, Gov. Wm., 23 
 
 Loan Exhibition of 1879, 266 
 
 Log Cabins, 278 
 
 Long Island, 22 
 
 Louisiana Purchase, 36 
 
 Lynd, W. L. R.. 87, 141 
 
 Location of Dover, 43-6 
 
 MacFall. Arllng M., 204 
 
 Magie, Miss, 78 
 
 Magie, Rev. B. C, 35 
 
 Mail. The Dover. 151 
 
 Manual of Dover. 83 
 
 Marquard. O. A.. 216 
 
 iviayors of Dover, 87 
 
 Maxim, Hudson, 68 
 
 McFarlan, Henry, Sr., 33. 34, io3 
 
 McKiernan-Terry Drill Co., 235 
 
 Meeting House, Friends', 46 
 
 Meeting of Waters, 33 
 
 Mendham, 27, 43 
 
 Methodist Church, First, 35, 16I 
 
 Grace, 161; Free, 167 
 
 Methodist Church at Millbrook, 54 
 
 Metropolitan Life Ins., 104 
 
 Meyer, Ruth, 143 
 
 Mexican War, 36 
 
 Millen, Elias, 66 
 
 Middle Forge, 217 
 
 Military Organiations, 176 
 
 Mill Brook, 21, BS, 59 
 
 Mine Hill. 21, 24, 67, 169, 170 
 
 Mines Consolidated, 245 
 
 Morris & Essex R. R., 36, 254 
 
 Morris Canal, 32, 34, 254 
 
 Morris Co. Journal, ir.2, 181 
 
 Morris Co. Traction Co., 259 
 
 Morris County. 45 
 
 Morris, Lewis, 17, 23 
 
 Mott, Theo. F.. 21. 58 
 
 Mt. Freedom, 70 
 
 Mt. Pleasant, 28 
 
 Mt. Sinai Cem. Aasociatlon, IV6 
 
 Mulligan, C. R., 231 
 
 Mulligan, John, 231 
 
 Municipal Board, S3 
 
 Music, lining out, 53 
 
 Map, Dover on, 38 
 
 Map of Dover. 44 
 
 Name, Dover, 25 
 
 Names, Old Family, 22, J61 
 
 Nauright, J. E. D., 136 
 
 Naval Ammunition Depot.. 229 
 
 Neighbour. James H., 154 
 
 Newark. 11 
 
 New Jersey, East and West. 12 
 
 N. J. Gas & Electric Co., 212 
 
 N. J. Power & Light Co., 213 
 
 Newspapers of Dover, 151 
 
 New York, Greater, 79 
 
 Nicholson, Francis, 15 
 
 Nitro Glycerine, 219 
 
 North Jersey Steel Co., 242 
 
 Nonbessemer Ore, 251 
 
 Nos Ipsae Club. 108 
 
 Octagon Club, 129 
 
 Odes. Three, 265 
 
 Old Tye, 2r> 
 
 Ores, North Jersey, 243, 246 
 
 Ovens, 280 
 
 Odds and Ends, 260 
 
 Officers, (See name of Organization) 
 
 Officers, 84 
 
 Pageant of 1920. 267 
 
 Parliament, Act of 1750. 24 
 
 Patronesses, pageant, 268 
 
 Penn. Wm., 12, 13, 21, 48, 49 
 
 Penniman. R. S., 221 
 
 Pennsylvania. 80 
 
 Pequannock, 43, 45 
 
 Peters, H. S.. 202 
 
 Petition to Congress, 31 
 
 Pertli Amboy, 14. 23 
 
 Perth, Earl of, 14 
 
 Phosphorus Ore. 249 
 
 Ficatinny, 24, 222, 224 
 
 Pile Hammer, 236 
 
 Pie Pan, 279 
 
29Z 
 
 Poetry, 67, 215. 274 
 
 Police Court, 89 
 
 Police Force, 88 
 
 Population of Dover, 34, 3u 
 
 Porch, From My, 73 
 
 Port Oram S. & L. Club, 73, 75 
 
 Postal Service, 20 
 
 Postmasters, 128, 127 
 
 Post office, 31. 127 
 
 Powder, 220 
 
 Presbyterian, 15, 160 
 
 Presbyterian Church, 34, 51, 160 
 
 Primer, The Dover, 38 
 
 Princeton College, 18 
 
 Proprietors, 11-17 
 
 Pruden, Aunt Sally, 282 
 
 Pruden, Byram, 31, 34 
 
 Pruden, Octavius, 287 
 
 Pruden, Zenas, 33, 282 
 
 Putting Dover on Map, 38 
 
 Quakers, 48 
 
 Quaker Church, 26 
 
 Quaker Proprietors, 12, 13 
 
 Queen Anne, 16 
 
 Quit-rents, 17 
 
 Race, A., 283 
 
 Ramble, Dover to Mine Hill, 66 
 
 Randolph Township, 45, 46 
 
 Rapid Transit, 289 
 
 Reading-, John, 18 
 
 Real Estate, 154 
 
 Red Cross, 111 
 
 Reminiscences, 135, 215 
 
 Replogle, J. Leonard, 240, 245 
 
 Replogle Steel Co., 240 
 
 Returns, 21 
 
 Richard Mine, 240 
 
 Richardson & Boynton, 3i), 159, lt>0, 
 
 Richter, 219 
 
 Riederer, E. J., 223 
 
 Roads, Two Old, 45 
 
 Robertson, W. J., 188 
 
 Roche, H. M., 242, 245 
 
 Rockaway. 51, 53 
 
 Roff, H. Miller, 184 
 
 Roff, J. Wesley, 184 
 
 Rogers, Pearce, Rev., 170 
 
 Russell Sage Foundation, 79 
 
 Sacred Heart, Church of. 168 
 
 Salvation Army, 16S 
 
 Saugerties, N. Y., 231 
 
 Schooley's Forge, 45 
 
 Schooley, Wm., 21 
 
 Schooley, Robert, 45 
 
 Schools, 33, 134, 135, 140 
 
 Schwarz, Harry L., 155 
 
 Schrader, John C, 219 
 
 Sea Power, 30 
 
 Segur, Thos. B., 34 
 
 Searing Alonzo B., 54, 179, 18U 
 
 Searing, Isaac "W., 91, 132 
 
 Sewerage Commission, 86 
 
 Shotwell, Jos., 24, 25, 5^4 
 
 Shrewsbury, 24 
 
 Sickles. Wm. W., 92 
 
 Silk, 201, 203 
 
 Singer, W. V., 140, 141 
 
 Slavery, Abolition, 36 
 
 Smokeless Powder, 221 
 
 Snake Story, 279 
 
 Sons of Temperance, 35 
 
 Soldiers, Names of (See name of 
 
 ganization). 
 
 Soldiers, Monument, 125 
 
 Spanish-American War, 181 
 
 St. John's Episcopal Church, 36, 162 
 St. Mary's Church, 162 
 Stone Academy, 33. 164 
 Stores, S3 
 
 Sturtevant, Thos. E., 237 
 Sussex Overall Factory, 204 
 Sunday Schools, 19, 34, 53 
 Super-power Trunk Line, 80 
 Swiss Knitting Co., 201 
 Swedish Churches, 166-7 
 Taylor, John G., 102. 118 
 Tave, 287 
 
 Teachers of Dover, 135-6 
 Telephone Co., 216 
 Temperance, 35, 36 
 Terry Core Drill Co., 235 
 Tlconderoga, 25 
 Thomas Iron Co., 246 
 Thurber, L. W., 136, 134 
 Town Clerk. 290 
 Tonking, Wm. H., 105 
 Township, 45 
 Traffic Interchange, 258 
 Transportation, 252. 260 
 Trenton, 19, 20, 23 
 Trust Company, 149 
 Tuttle. David, 21 
 Tuttle, Jos. F.. 25, 26, 51 
 Turnpikes, 31 
 Ulster Iron Woi-ks, 230 
 Van Gelder, A. P., 228 
 Voorhees, Gov. F. W., 183 
 Washington, George, 27 
 Water Dept., 86, 97 
 Wharton. 73, 75 
 
 Wharton & Northern R. R.. 841 
 Wharton Steel Co., 240 
 281 White House, 288 
 
 Whitham, Mayor, 187 
 
 William of Orange, 16 
 
 Winds, Gen. Wm., 25, 26, 27, 53 
 
 W^oman's Club, Rhyme of. 1S£ 
 
 First Decade, 118 
 
 World War. 225 
 
 York, Duke of, 11. 12, 13, 15 
 
 Young, Edward M.. 137 
 
 Young^, Wm., 35, 286 
 
 Or- 
 
29* 
 
 LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS TO DOVER DATES 
 
 Mrs. A. Ackerm&n 
 Mrs. Edward U. Alpcrs 
 
 Mrs. Andrew Andersofi 
 
 Arthur Anderaon 
 
 C. O. Anderson 
 Harry W. Anderson 
 
 Mrs. R. M. Ambrose 
 
 Chas. W. ApKsr 
 
 Archie the Auto Trimmer 
 
 Harry A. Armltaere 
 
 Clinton Ayers 
 
 Henry Baker 
 
 Joseph V. Baker 
 
 Thomas Baker 
 
 Clifford A. Barabe 
 
 Carl H. Barlow 
 
 Wm. J. Bassett 
 
 Mrs. Clara Baugrhan 
 
 Fred W. Batten 
 
 C. H. Benedict 
 
 Mrs. Jane Bennett 
 
 J. Theo. Benson 
 
 Bilkley & Niper 
 
 W. H. Bidgood 
 
 Rev. J. Fred Bindenberger 
 
 Birch & Bassett 
 
 Hon. Wm. F. Birch 
 
 Morris Blackwell 
 
 Mrs. E. A. Blundell 
 Mrs. Emmett Bopp 
 
 Mrs. Robert F. Bopp 
 
 Roswell S. Bowlby 
 
 W. O. Brown 
 
 Mrs. Harry Boyd 
 
 Robert Buchanan 
 
 Mrs. S. A. Broadwell 
 George R. Buck 
 
 Miss Kathryn Buck 
 Mrs. M. T. Burd 
 Edwin C. Burr 
 
 Mrs. Robert B. Bryant 
 
 Rev. Thos. J. Callery 
 
 Francis J. Camel 
 
 Carey & Bryant 
 
 J. R. Carey 
 
 Albert E. Carlson 
 
 Joseph A. Carlson 
 
 George B. Carhart 
 
 Mrs. C. W. Carling 
 
 Floyd Castner 
 
 Miss M. Y. Chambre 
 
 Edwin Chace 
 
 Lieut. Samuel Chiles 
 
 A. Judson Coe 
 
 Gus Coe 
 
 Oron P. Cole 
 
 Fred. W. Collard 
 
 Conlan Auto Supply Co 
 
 Irving Cook 
 
 J. K. Cook 
 
 Clyde W. Cook 
 
 Harry C. Cook 
 
 John W. Cook 
 
 Joseph D. Cook 
 
 Mrs. Richard Conlan 
 
 Charles S. Cooper 
 
 John Corey 
 
 Dr. W. F. Costello 
 
 Mrs. Elizabeth Cottrell 
 
 Charles U. Counterman 
 
 Mrs. S. K. Curtis 
 
 J. C. Dalrymple 
 
 Xskll Danialaon 
 Frank Davanport 
 W. 8. Davis 
 Howard S. Deck 
 John U. Dehlar 
 Danlal M. Dehler 
 
 E. Y. Deplaa 
 Nicholas Depola 
 Ralph De Santia 
 Frank P. Dlehl 
 Royal B. Dichl 
 
 Mrs. L. K. DiCtenderfei 
 
 Charity Doland 
 
 Joseph Donahue 
 
 Dover Advance 
 
 Dover Free Public Library 
 
 Dover Home Supply Co. 
 
 Dover Index 
 
 Dover "Vulcanizing Works 
 
 John W. Downs 
 
 F. J. L. Doyle 
 A. F. Ekedahl 
 Leonard Elliott 
 Newton Ely 
 Charles G. Endahl 
 
 D. Walter Fegely 
 Joseph Ferraro 
 Mrs. Nelson Ferrle 
 
 E. B. Plchter 
 Fred Fichter 
 
 Miss Bertha Fltzherbert 
 
 George R. Flartey 
 
 Irene E. Ford 
 
 John B. Flartey 
 
 Mrs. A. F. Fralich 
 
 S. H. Francta 
 
 Mrs. Charles R. Franklin 
 
 Miss Minerva Freeman 
 
 Jacobs & Freedman Bros. 
 
 John Freise 
 
 Mrs. Meyer Friedman 
 
 C. B. French 
 
 Dr. L. R. Fritts 
 
 Benj. Furstman 
 
 Rev. R. Hilliard Gage, D. D. 
 
 John T. Gallagher 
 
 Wm. Gardner 
 
 Frank B. Gibbons 
 
 S. J. Gibson 
 
 Charles A. Gillen 
 
 Whitfield B. Gillen 
 
 Thos. Gilligan 
 
 B. Goldblatt 
 
 Frank Goldstein 
 
 W. E. Goldworthy 
 
 A. H. Goodale 
 
 James Grande 
 
 John H. Grimm 
 
 Halrhouse & Burchell 
 
 Harry B. Hagan 
 
 Anna J. Hairhouse 
 
 Harold L. Hall 
 
 Mrs. Harry Hall 
 
 Mrs. Frank W. Hamilton 
 
 Clarence Hance 
 
 Miss Isabel Hance 
 
 John Hance 
 
 Manchus H. Hann 
 
 W^. H. Hansen 
 
 Charles Harris 
 
 I. K. Harris 
 
 W. Harris & Sons 
 
299 
 
 .James J. Hart 
 Edward Hartman 
 Wm. B. Hartman 
 David W. Heiman 
 Chas. F. Hellender 
 Gustav P. Heller 
 Max Heller 
 George A. Henderson 
 Mrs. Mary Hennessey 
 T. H. Hoagland 
 Mrs. Violet Hoagland 
 Clyde Hoffman 
 F. O. Hopkins 
 Edgar L. Hopler 
 
 Wm. H. HoBklng 
 
 Percy M. Hough 
 
 Mrs. Jbtfrey K. Hoslting 
 
 Mrs. I. L. House 
 iiev. Walter E. Howe 
 
 John T. Howell 
 
 Harold Hoyd 
 
 Mrs. C. I>. Hull 
 
 Dr J. Howard Hulsart 
 
 Mrs. Charlotte S. Hurd 
 
 Simon C. Hume 
 
 James U Hurd 
 
 Michael lanniello 
 
 George E. Jenkins 
 
 C. 3. Jensen 
 Edward S. Jensen 
 Martin L. Jensen 
 William F. Jensen 
 Howard C. Johnson 
 Thomas F. Johnson 
 Dr. S. B. Johnston 
 Mrs. E. H. Jones 
 Stewart Kahler 
 
 D. M. Kanouse 
 Emil G. Katterman 
 Clarence Keene 
 Edward Kelly 
 
 J. F. Kennedy 
 Charles W. King 
 J. B.King 
 Gwendolyn Kunkelman 
 
 E. W. Larsen 
 Augustus W. Larson 
 A. Liasky 
 
 Frederick Leighton 
 James L/illie 
 Charles Linberg 
 Rev. N. O. Llnd 
 
 C. P. Losey 
 W. L. K. Lynd 
 James V. Loughlin 
 E. K. Macauley 
 Arling M. MacFall 
 Julia Maguire 
 •Otto A. Marquard 
 Rev. P. A. Maher 
 John T. Maher 
 Samuel Male 
 C. Mann 
 Harry P. Mann 
 Harry N. May 
 Dr. H. G. McElroy 
 'Charles E. Mill 
 George H. Mitchell, Jr. 
 Louis Meuser 
 L. Meyer 
 
 Mrs. F. S. McDonnell 
 Wm. A. McCarthy 
 Harry J. McCracken 
 
 McK»«rnan-Terry Drill Work* 
 
 Rev. Peter McMUlan, D. D. 
 
 H. D. MoUer 
 
 John Moller 
 
 Stanley B. Moore 
 
 Alphonse Monaco 
 
 Fred Morse 
 
 Ernest L. Mortimore 
 
 Michael F. Mullen 
 
 John Mulligan 
 
 Dr. H. R. Mutchler 
 
 Daniel E. Nee 
 
 Mrs. Grace C. Neighbour 
 
 Elof Nelson 
 
 C. A. Nelson 
 
 J. L. Nerney 
 
 Charles Nlper 
 
 Albert Nohra 
 
 Mrs. Paul Norman 
 
 T. H. Northey 
 
 Mrs. G. A. Nylander 
 
 Mrs. A. Palmer 
 
 Arthur T. Paquette 
 
 Obadiah 3. Parker 
 
 'vm. J. Parker 
 
 Mrs. M. O. Parliament 
 
 George Payne 
 
 Marmaduke Peckitt 
 
 Howard Pedrick 
 
 George Peer 
 
 Miss E. J. Pellett 
 
 Myrtle Pemberthy 
 
 Wm. H. Pierson 
 
 Carl Peterson 
 
 Helen G. Phillips 
 
 Wm. C. Phillips 
 
 Mrs. Wm. Pollard 
 
 Addle Poole 
 
 John Price 
 
 Alfred Rainbow 
 
 Robert N. Rassler 
 
 Mrs. Robert Richards 
 
 Rleger Bros. 
 
 Charles H. Ripley 
 
 Raymond Roberts 
 
 H. M. Roche 
 
 E. T. Rodda 
 
 Fred H. Roff 
 
 H. Miller Roff 
 
 Irving Rommel 
 
 Miss Mary F. Rose 
 
 Joseph P. Roth 
 
 E. F. Rudine 
 
 Andrew M. Ryan 
 
 Regina Schoenbrun 
 
 Harry L. Schwarz 
 
 Joseph F. Scott 
 
 Edward M. Searing 
 
 Miss Olive Searing 
 
 Miss Etta C. Searing 
 
 Wilbur B. Searing 
 
 Albert Sedgman 
 
 Otto Sektberg 
 
 Hulet Seybolt 
 
 W. F. Seybolt 
 
 A. Shapiro 
 
 Mrs. Wm. Sharp 
 
 Miss Isabel Shaughnessy 
 
 Charles J. Sherm 
 
 Augustus J. Shuman 
 
 Mrs. Robt. S. Slack 
 
 Walter Slater 
 
 Wm. A. Smith 
 
 Lyman M. Smith 
 
300 
 
 James C. Soden 
 
 Dr. Alvan Spencer 
 
 Clarence Spencer 
 
 Inez Spencer 
 
 Mrs. George Sprotte 
 
 Carl Sundquist 
 
 Sundstrom Electric Co. 
 
 Bruno G. Stark 
 
 George F. Steffany 
 
 Albert Steffen 
 
 Thos. E. Sturtevant 
 
 Mrs. Caroline Stafford 
 
 Frank Sylvester 
 
 John G. Taylor 
 
 Thos. F. Teebo 
 
 Ernest Tirella 
 
 Mrs. Henry B. Tonking 
 
 Mrs. W. H. Tonking 
 
 Mrs. Fred'k H. Treganowan 
 
 Mrs. Roland S. True 
 
 S. L. Trusdell 
 
 Peter Vanderwolf 
 
 Russell Vanderhoof 
 
 A. B. Van Syckel 
 J. B. D. Vreeland 
 J. J. Vreeland 
 Dr. O. M. Walker 
 Richard P. Ward 
 Mrs. P"'rances J. Watly 
 Mrs. Henry Wells 
 Chailes W. White 
 Edward Wolfe 
 Sidney Wolfert 
 Raymond F. Woodhull 
 
 B. S. Woodman 
 Miss Ella Wright 
 Theo. L. Young 
 
 Youngelson's Department Store 
 Millbrook — 
 
 Mrs. Annie M. Sharp 
 
 Succasunna — 
 
 Mrs. Eliza. A. Stoddard 
 
 Wharton — 
 Dr. H. W. Kice 
 Pearce Rogers 
 Mine Hill — 
 Wm. L. Curnow 
 Rev. G. M. Hunter 
 Rockaviray — 
 Sidney Collins 
 Charles L. Curtis 
 Frank E. Porter 
 Morristown — 
 Mrs. Li. M. Christensen 
 Ethelbert Byram 
 Eugene A. Carrell 
 Fred A. Cobbett 
 J. R. Howard 
 Geo. W. Melick 
 E. Bertram Mott 
 Aldus Pierson 
 Dr. Wm. G. Sharp 
 Dr. Rob't C. Vreeland 
 Prof. Edward M. Young 
 East Orange — 
 Theo. F. Mott 
 lOhn A. Spargo 
 fersey City — 
 Elizabeth W. li^lliott 
 )ohn S. McMaster 
 Trenton — 
 N. J. State Library 
 Brooklyn — 
 Mrs. G. Surnburger 
 Hokendauqua, Pa. — 
 J. E. Rotthaus 
 Hartford, Conn — 
 Connecticut State Library 
 ; Ayer, Mass — 
 Capt. C. B. Searing 
 Mendhani, N. J. — 
 Mrs. Arthur Whitney 
 Michigan 
 
 N. M. T.nntrrton 
 
DOVER DATES— ERRATA 
 
 Page 5 Alon/.o I'>. Seariii,i( 
 
 I*. 7. Warren Surnburger did not write the article credited to liini. 
 
 P. 15. line 17. Read "It is not strange," says Bancroft, etc. 
 
 P. 16. line 13. Read "in the New World." 
 
 P. 20. 1739. Read "Friends' Meeting House"— 
 
 P. 27. Continue last line by adding "logical re])orts." (Geological.) 
 
 P. 28. Post Office, as a noun, is printed as two words. 
 
 P. 43. Last line is upside down. 
 
 P. 60. 7th line frcjm bottom should read 
 
 "Whose buzz we heard in days of yore." 
 P. 66. line 9. Read "griddle" for "briddle." 
 P. 67. These articles were first published in local ])a])ers, hence allusion 
 
 to "column." 
 P. 68. 7th line from bottom should read — "the Latin, the (k-rman," etc. 
 P. 70. A Song of Dover, second stanza, 7th line, should read 
 
 "And cherish, though we far may roam," 
 P. 74. line TZ. Last word is "roast." 
 P. 169. The printer was twice directed to print a notice of The Church 
 
 of the Sacred Heart, but failed to do so. 
 P. 292. at bottom. Last stanza should l)e printed thus — 
 The Dover Firemen, gallant lads ! 
 
 They shine at fires and fetes ; 
 They are the lads who got U]) steam 
 To publish Dover Dates. 
 P. 300. Read Fred B. Coljbett, not Fred A. 
 
301 
 
 POOKS BY CHARLES D. PLATT 
 BALLADS OF NEW JERSEY IN THE REVOLUTION. 
 
 Cloth. $1.50. 
 
 Illustrates the life of the people of Morris County, N. J., 
 and the spirit that animated them in 1776- 1783. 
 
 Written by Charles D. Piatt. Not an antholo2;y. 
 "A real contribution to our knowledge, to say nothing of 
 the charming way in which so many of these incidents are 
 presented." — Rev. John Macnaughtan, D.D., Chatham, N. J. 
 
 POCAHONTAS AND THE DAWN OF OUR NATION. 
 
 Pamphlet. 50 cents. 
 Dramatized lyric version based on the original narratives of 
 
 the founding of Jamestown, 1607-1619. 
 
 "You h^ve given me a new light regarding Pocahontas. 
 Her story is well worth studying, especially in this authentic 
 and beautiful presentation." — Walter I. Clarke, New Era 
 Magazine, New York. 
 
 "Your dramatic portrayal of Pocahontas is in line with 
 the sort of education which 'The Atlantic' heartily approves." 
 • — Charles Swain Thomas, Educational Department, "Atlantic 
 Monthly" Press. 
 
 DOVER HISTORY. Cloth. $2.00. 
 
 Published in 1914. Deals with times previous to 1869. 
 The Old Academies. The Magie Ilistory of the Early 
 
 Churches. 
 Old Families. Social Life. Neighboring Villages. 
 
 Quakers of R'andolph. Real Estate. Business. 
 Dover in "the good old days," shown in reminiscences by 
 
 Dover people. 
 43 illustrations. Maps of 1825, 1832, 1853. 
 
 DOVER DATES. Bicentennial Facts, 1 722-1922. Cloth. 
 
 $2.00 
 A Supplement of DOVER HISTORY, enlarging on the 
 
 period 1869- 1922. 
 Early Chronology of New Jersey and Dover. 
 More about Communities around Dover. 
 Municipal and Civic Institutions of To-day. Education. 
 Military Organizations. Industrial Plants. Churches. 
 Transportation. Dover Real Estate to Date. 
 Local Historical Poems. 
 
■ ^ ii 
 
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