^W WE ALSO) CHA1LEN6E ANY ONE T® SHOW THAT !T HAS EVES IN A S5N6LE INSTAHQl 
 
 * JJiV .- .— «->..-^.-...-^o 
 
 m AN ACCSDENTAL F!RE, FAILED TO PRESERVE !f5 CONTENTS 
 
 THE SJBSCRIBERS ALSO MANUFACTURE ALL KINDS OF BOILER a CHILvEO IRON BANK CHESTS AND VAULTS VAOLT DOOfiS 
 ANP mONEY BOXES OR CHESTS FOR BROKERS JEWELERS AND PRIVATE FAMIllES FOH PLATE D lAIWONDS AND OTHER VALUABLES 
 
 SIMS C. HEILEra& & C9 
 
 "'■'•OsTrE THE^TTI^Y HALrlTEV. f"""^ 
 
 f» 
 
 
 
 / 
 
J 
 
THOMPSON BROTHERS, 
 
 No. 3 Wall Street, New York, 
 
 OFFER FOR 8ALB AT ALL TIMES A VAKIKTT OP 
 
 State Stocks and other first-class Securities, 
 
 IN AMOUNTS TO SUIT. 
 
 Collections promptly made on all points of the United 
 States and Canadas. 
 
 Country Bankers' and Merchants' accounts received on 
 the most favorable terms. 
 
 Orders for the purchase and sale of Stocks at the Board of 
 Brokers, promptly executed on commission only. 
 
 Uncurrent Money discounted at all times at our quota- 
 tions, and better in most cases. 
 
 We have a distinct Specie Office, and deal largely in 
 coin and bullion at extremely favorable rates. 
 
 Land Warrants bought at the highest Market Prices, and 
 orders filled at all times for any amount, with our full and un- 
 limited guarantee. 
 
 We alvrays g^ive the most careful attention to the inter- 
 ests of our correspondents, and in liberality, promptness, and 
 accuracy of our business transactions, we court comparison with 
 any Banking House in the country. 
 
 Subscriptions received for "Thompson's Bank Note 
 Reporter," edited by John Thompson, and quotations corrected 
 by Thompson Brothers, giving at all times the standard quo- 
 tations for currency, &c. The oldest, widest circulated, and 
 most complete Bank Note Reporter in existence. 
 
OS 
 
 O 
 
 i 
 
 » 
 M 
 
 H 
 O 
 
 P 
 O 
 
 o 
 
^r^ 
 
 
 
^^ ^J^:rv<.<.<x^ /tcYi^-<^-^^ 
 
■ / 
 
 EEUBEl^ YOSE'S 
 
 WEALTH OF THE WORLD 
 
 i5|llaj)t!t). 
 
 
 ^^x^'^ 
 
 18' 
 
 |leto |0rli: 
 
 PUBLISHED BY EEUBEN VOSS, 
 
 42 CEDAR STREET. 
 
 1859. 
 
 -^s^-ilL 
 
Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1859, by 
 
 EEUBEN VOSE, 
 
 In the Clerk's Ofl3ce of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District 
 of New York. 
 
MERCHANTS OF THE UNITED STATES 
 
 I DEDICATE TO YOU 
 
 altlj 0f tljt ®orIir ^isphph 
 
 EEUBEN VOSE. 
 
REUBEN YOSE'S 
 
 WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 
 
 London has been a city one thousand years ; New York 
 claims an existence of only two centuries. To commerce Lon- 
 don is indebted for her size and for her vast wealth. Commerce 
 is the great civilizer of nations, and where merchants flourish, 
 there all that adds charms to social existence will be found in 
 the greatest abundance. 
 
 To compare our institutions with those of Europe, is to add to 
 our admiration of those men who framed our constitution ; and 
 to our veneration for Washington who won our independence. 
 Union and wealth are inseparable, and no person who correctly 
 estimates wealth will adopt any theory which involves the con- 
 flict of nations and the loss of national wealth. 
 
 When will the city of New York reach that point in the 
 world's progress which will entitle it to claim the scepter once 
 the undisputed possession of London ? 
 
 Has New York any advantages of location which London has 
 not? 
 
 These interesting questions we propose to discuss in a series 
 of articles presented in a cheap and popular form. The wealth 
 of individuals will be referred to for no purpose but to show the 
 correctness of our views. 
 
 We shall endeavor to show what the commercial world once 
 tvas, and what it now is. 
 
 The institutions, the governments, the laws of the past and 
 present time, will be discussed, and we shall hope to show the 
 elements of progress which have already placed us in the front 
 rank of nations. 
 
 We will place our eye upon the map of the world. What are 
 the commercial advantages of New York ? On this map we see 
 two continents, the Eastern and the Western. To the eye they 
 appear of nearly equal extent. On the Eastern Continent, far 
 
6 "WEALTH OF THE WOKLD. 
 
 north, we see a small island, and on it is written England. The 
 whole of the island lies north of the 50th degree of north lati- 
 tude, and London is eight degrees north of Halifax, and four 
 degrees north of Fraser's River. The northern part of Scot- 
 land is as far north as Cape Farewell in Greenland. This 
 island, so great in everything but size, is but little larger than 
 the State of New York, and not half so large as Texas and some 
 of our new States. 
 
 We glance at the southern part of the Eastern Continent, and 
 we discover an immense territory inhabited by a race of whom 
 we know but little besides the fact that civilization, smce the 
 world was created, has made no progress there ; and for that 
 reason, one class of politicians say, that where white men can 
 not live, civilization can not advance. We know that men under 
 a tropical sun are born, and do die, but we know that no one has 
 left a record of his life. 
 
 What do we find when we glance the eye across to the West- 
 ern Continent 1 South America, with her genial climate, her 
 prolific soil, her thousand hills covered with domestic animals, 
 her rivers surpassing all others, her mountains stupendous in 
 height, her silver mines that for centuries poured forth a stream. 
 of silver, broader and deeper than the gold currents of California 
 and Australia — are before us. 
 
 Glancing north, we see a boundless line of sea-coast. Just 
 where the inland seas of the immense continent unite with the 
 Atlantic Ocean, the eye rests on a place marked New York. In 
 what does the position of New York differ from London and 
 Paris? London and Paris are on small rivers, and the large 
 ships of France, England, and the United States can not,, at all 
 times, float in their waters. Venice was on the ocean, like New 
 York ; Alexandria, Rome, and Constantinople were not. Hun- 
 dreds of places may be seen on the maps that combine the ad- 
 vantages of Paris and London, Alexandria, Rome, and Constan- 
 tinople, but no place compares with the city of New York. 
 This city is midway between Grinnell's Land — the discovery of 
 Kane, the glory of the country — and the Straits of Magellan, at 
 Cape Horn. Our lakes are inland seas ; around their borders 
 a population is to live in the affluence of which Europe knows 
 nothing. On the Pacific Ocean is a sea-coast greater than that 
 of Europe, and to this we must add the lake shores and the 
 Atlantic coast. 
 
 Is there not sublimity in this picture ? What favored place 
 is to claim as its right, and without participation, the trade of the 
 continent of which we have feebly drawn a sketch 1 London 
 has no advantage of location over twenty other places, and must 
 in obedience to the law of Nature — which decrees youth, maturity, 
 
WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 7 
 
 and old age to nations — ultimately lose her commercial import- 
 ance. Our history is but commenced. We shall number one 
 hundred States. How many States can be made from Mexico, 
 Central America, and South America ? These nations are our 
 natural brothers ; but without paternal government, children will 
 fight ; if we reject them, anarchy will soon close the history and 
 the sufTerings of nations older than our own. 
 
 Why do we constantly deplore the loss of the garden of Eden, 
 when a second garden is spread in beauty before us ? As 
 philosophers, and as philanthropists, not as politicians, we ask 
 why we have not civilized our own family — why have we not 
 Christianized Hayti, which is within two days' sail of our own 
 ports ? This island seems fit to be the residence of perfect men, 
 but is the abode of a race as near to nature as were Cain and 
 Ham. On this island the wintry blasts never blow ; the hills 
 and valleys are dressed in ever-living verdure ; the citron and 
 the orange perfume the air ; birds of beauty carol a perpetual 
 hymn, and man alone is vile. Why have we not civilized the 
 colored inhabitants of this island ? Why have we not sent there 
 every colored person to live in freedom, and to advance in civil- 
 ization ? Who doubts their advance in civilization when mixed 
 with white men, and aided by the institutions without which the 
 white races could not advance 1 Not a missionar};- is found on 
 their soil. At this moment, the wretched inhabitants of this 
 island, for the want of our civilization, are burning their cities 
 and destroying each other ; and these occupations for years have 
 reduced the whole race below their former condition. To this 
 island we are bound by an ancient tie. Without the aid of Spir- 
 itualism, we can hear Columbus uttering indignant rebukes 
 against us for our omission to raise a monument on the soil first 
 trod by the discoverer of a Western world. 
 
 If this island is not desirous of securing our alliance, another 
 island is. Are not the owners of the soil begging us to extend 
 our arms, and adopt Cuba in the family of nations ? To do so, 
 is to quadruple the value of their soil, and to double the value 
 of half the products of the island. Her mild climate and her 
 health-giving fruits will banish half the suff'erings of the human 
 family. We can step on board a steamboat in Florida in the 
 morning, and breakfast with the Governor of Cuba the following 
 morning. 
 
 Why did we purchase Louisiana and Florida? Have not the 
 Southern States, and the West India Islands, and the Mexican 
 States, elements of natural wealth, the products for export, and 
 the mines of silver, which the New England States have not 1 
 Who, besides politicians, need care whether we produce 3,500,- 
 000 bales of cotton by the labor of one race or the other ? Who 
 
8 WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 
 
 will object — who has a right to object — to our importing from 
 Europe such laborers as will enable us to produce 7,000,000 
 of bales ? Can it be proved, as asserted by politicians, that if a 
 native of Europe shall pass three successive days and nights in 
 the cotton-fields of the low districts of the South in the summer 
 months, death is certain 1 The burning sun of noon, and the 
 deadly malaria of the night, they contend, are harmless to some 
 men, who can there eat, sleep, and propagate their race 1 These 
 politicians assert, that he who believes in a Divine Providence, 
 here sees the wisdom that made lands for the possession of one 
 race to the exclusion of all others. Shall this question be settled 
 by fair experiment, or shall it be an open question for the dis- 
 cussion of politicians forever? Can Europeans cultivate the soil 
 of the Southern States ? Have we the right to extend our bounds 
 till we transform the whole Western Continent into " United 
 States ?" Who knows, who cares how extended the fields of 
 agriculture and the blessings of commerce may be ? Can any 
 questions be more interesting to Americans than those on which 
 our Union are suspended 1 
 
 In 1784 there were shipped from Charleston, S. C, seventy- 
 one bales of cotton, which were seized in England on the grounds 
 of the impossibility of so large a quantity being produced in one 
 State. Can it be true, as sometimes asserted, that no more than 
 seventy-one bales would now be produced by the same men who 
 construct our railroads ? We ask for discussion. 
 
 During the Colonial government, we could not trade with 
 China. Our first cargo of tea was imported in 1783. In this 
 trade, Mr. J. J. Astor laid the foundation of his immense fortune. 
 The profits on tea and fur were so judiciously invested, that 
 $100,000,000 will be their product within one centiiry from the 
 opening of the China trade. Should commerce be extended ? 
 
 The value of 3,500,000 bales, the present crop, at $50 per bale, 
 is $175,000,000. Cotton in past times has been sold for about 
 one third of the present price. If the value should advance to 
 twice its present price, and twice the present quantity should be 
 required — and it certainly will, one party asserts — how is it to 
 be produced 1 The raising of cotton is so profitable, that a com- 
 pany with $4,000,000 capital has recently been formed in Eng- 
 land, Spain, and Havana, to raise cotton in Cuba. How are we 
 to increa-;e the quantity in the Southern States ? Two entirely 
 different answers are given to these questions. Operatives can 
 be imported from Europe to manufacture in New England twice 
 the quantity of manufactured goods now produced. Can we not, 
 the other party asks, by the same population increase the raw 
 material ? If we can double our cotton, the amount produced 
 win be worth $350,000,000, and will pay for all our importations. 
 
WEAiTH OF THE WOELD. » 
 
 The tobacco, rice, flour, and provisions that Europe demands, 
 must b^^ paid to us in specie. 
 
 Why is it that m Poland a man works all day with his team 
 for one shilling, and without his team for fourpence, while in 
 England he is paid two shillings ; and in some of our States one 
 dollar will not tempt either a colored or a white man to work 
 nine hours 1 A labormg man will work in Egypt for one penny ; 
 and in 1495, and before the settlement of this country, he re- 
 ceived in England only threepence halfpenny. 
 
 A member of the British Parliament recently stated that a 
 white man could not perform three hours' labor at mid-day under 
 a tropical sun ; and that no colored man would labor all day for 
 one dollar, when twenty cents would purchase all he required. 
 Who pretends that these are true ? 
 
 The soil of this continent is capable of producing ten bales 
 for every one now produced. What will be our wealth if we 
 can retain the soil for free labor ? If a bale of cotton weigh 500 
 pounds and cost four dollars per hundred, and if it sell for twelve 
 dollars per hundred, it will give^ eight dollars profit; and on 
 7,000,000 bales there is a commercial and national gain every 
 year of 280,000,000 of dollars. Has any nation on the globe a 
 product of equal value ? What are gold mines when compared 
 with cotton-fields ? All of South America is fit for a cotton-field, 
 but the inhabitants will not work ; their exports, like those of 
 Hayti, Mexico, and the English West Indies, are constaotlj/ 
 lessening. Our fleet is now on the way to teach South America 
 that commerce demands that they shall open their ports, and 
 that they survey their coasts. If they refuse to do these, we 
 shall perform them for our own interests. Decatur annihilated 
 the piratical states on the Mediterranean, and Perry has spoken 
 in intelligible language to Japan. 
 
 The mouth of the Amazon is one hundred and fifty miles widef 
 and on its waters ships of all sizes — not excepting the iron-castle 
 called the Great Eastern — -may float far toward the Pacific Ocean, 
 and visit cities of great wealth. Near the summit of the Rocky 
 Mountains, within our borders, scarcely yet the abode of white 
 men, the canoe of the Indian may take its departure, and on the 
 tranquil surface of the gentle stream the vestige of other days 
 may float securely to the Gulf of Mexico, a distance of nearly 
 five thousand miles ! In what country in Europe is such a river 
 found? Are there in Europe any inland seas connected by a 
 Niagara River ? Has London within one day's travel a landscape 
 called Niagara Falls ? We will return to our map. 
 
 The most remarkable feature of America is the Basin of the 
 Mississippi. As yet the popular mind does not clearly compre- 
 hend its dimensions, and the understanding of its physical char- 
 
 1* 
 
10 WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 
 
 acteristics is indistinct and vague. It is bisected through its 
 center by an artery, which above St. Louis has received the 
 name of the Missouri, and below, the Mississippi River. This 
 is 5,000 miles in length, and its surface a continuous inclined 
 plane, descending seven inches in the mile. Into this central 
 arter}' descend innumerable rivers coming from the great moun- 
 tain chains of the continent. All of the immense area thus 
 drained forms a single basin, of which the mountains form the 
 rim. It may also be called an amphitheater, embracing 1,123,100 
 miles of surface. This has been, during the antediluvian ages, 
 the bed of a great ocean, such as is now the Gulf of Mexico or 
 the Mediterranean, above the surface of which the mountains 
 protruded themselves as islands. Gradually tilled up by the 
 filtration of the water during countless ages, it has reached its 
 present altitude above the other basins, over which the oceans 
 now still roll and into which the waters have retired. The 
 " Basin of the Mississippi" is, then, a pavement many thousand 
 feet in depth, formed by the sediment of the superincumbent 
 water, deposited strata upon strata, compressed by its weight 
 and crystallized into rock by its chemical fermentation and press- 
 ure. It is a homogeneous, undulating plain of the secondary 
 or sedim.entary formation, surmounted by a covering of soil from 
 which springs the vegetation. Through this coating of soil and 
 into the soft surface strata of rock the descending fresh waters 
 burrow their channels, converging everywhere from the rim to 
 the lowest level and pass out to the sea. In this system, which 
 is the same as the circulation of the blood in animal life, the 
 Missouri River and the minutest rill that flows from a garden 
 fountain has each its specific and conspicuous place. 
 
 Such is this vast basin whose diameter is 2,500 miles, and 
 so simple and clear is the system of its geology and its waters ! 
 The vegetation and climate have the same order of arrangement 
 more varied. These vary with the latitude, the distance from 
 the oceans, and with the altitude. The site of New York city 
 is upon the bank of the sea, and is constantly irrigated by the 
 evaporation coming from it ; it is in latitude 41*^ 30' north. 
 The plain of the South Pass is 2,000 miles from the sea, is 
 elevated 7,500 feet above it, has no vapors from the sea, 
 but an atmosphere rainless and without dew ; it is in latitude 
 42° 30' north. Such are the contrasts m the elements affecting 
 climate and vegetation. Through the interval between these 
 two extremes Nature changes, from one to the other, by a grad- 
 uation so delicate and uniform as to be scarcely sensible to a 
 traveler who goes less than the whole distance. Yet to one 
 who does so, these changes are as palpable upon the face of Na- 
 ture as are the diurnal alternations of light and darkness. The 
 
WEALTH OF THE WOELD. 11 
 
 timber, the flora, and the grasses indicate the presence and 
 absence of atmospheric irrigation as palpably as the sun indicates 
 the day and the stars the night. All that portion of the Missis- 
 sippi Basin lying between the Mississippi River and the Atlantic 
 is densely timbered, excepting only a portion of Indiana, Illinois, 
 and Wisconsin ; so also are the States of Louisiana, Arkansas, 
 and South Missouri. An irregular line from the head of Lake 
 Erie, running toward the south and west into Texas, defines 
 the cessation of the timber. Between this line and the sea exists 
 a continuous forest region, perpetually moistened by showers 
 from the ocean. Beyond this line, and deeper into the continent, 
 the upland ceases to nourish timber, which is replaced by luxu- 
 riant annual grasses, though narrow lines of forest continue upon 
 the saturated bottoms of the rivers and in the islands. This is 
 the Prairie region of luxuriant grasses, and soft, arable soil, over 
 which the fires annually sweep after the decay of vegetation. The 
 termination of this belt is marked by an irregular line parallel to 
 the first, where the rains cease and the timber entirely disappears. 
 It is about four hundred and fii'ty miles in width, and within it 
 artificial irrigation is not necessary. To this succeeds the im- 
 mense rainless region onward to the mountains, exclusively 
 pastoral, of a compact soil, coated with the dwarf buffalo grass, 
 w^ithout trees, and the abode of the aboriginal cattle. That no 
 desert does or can exist within this basin, is manifest from the 
 abundance and magnitude of the rivers, the uniform calcareous 
 formation, the absence of a tropical sun, its longitudinal position 
 across the temperate zone, and the greatness and altitude of the 
 mountains on its western rim. The river system of the Missis- 
 sippi Basin resembles a fan of palm-leaf. The stem in the State 
 of Louisiana rests in the Gulf ; above, the affluent rivers con- 
 verge to it from all parts of the compass. From the east come 
 in the Homochitto, the Yazoo, the Ohio, the Illinois, and the 
 Upper Mississippi. From the west, the Red River, the Washita, 
 the Arkansas, the White, St. Francis, and Osage rivers, the 
 Kansas, the Triple Platte, the L'eau qui Cours, and the Yellow- 
 stone, all navigable rivers of great length and importance. 
 These rivers present a continuous navigable channel of twenty- 
 two thousand five hundred miles, having forty-five thousand miles 
 of shore, an amount of navigation and coast equal to the Atlantic 
 Ocean. 
 
 The area of the Mississippi Basin classifies itself into one and 
 a half fifths of compactly growing forest, the same of prairie, and 
 two fifths of great plains. Through all of these the river system 
 is ramified as minutely complex as are the veins and arteries of 
 the human system. 
 
 The population is at present twelve millions. The capacity 
 
12 WEALTH OF THE WOELD. 
 
 for population is indefinite. Comparison will illustrate this in- 
 teresting fact. Society erects itself into empires in order to 
 arrive at strength, civilization, and permanence. The most per- 
 fect example is the empire of the Romans, whose history we 
 possess. Rome flourished, not by commerce and the arts of 
 peace, but by war and conquest. Her genius was unsurpassed, 
 but the great discovery was not then made, that peace and com- 
 merce were the true elements of national greatness. Since their 
 discovery, a new era has dawned upon the world. 
 
 Cicero lost his life in an attempt to elevate the civil above the 
 military power ; he was the victim of a conspiracy to destroy 
 the Republic. He died to save the Union. We hope no such 
 sacrifice will again be required ; but if conflict must come, evi- 
 dence will not be wanting in the second republic that patriotism 
 is yet a national sentiment even in this degenerate age. Why 
 is this age in advance of the highest civilization of the Grecian 
 and Roman age ? In the fourth century, there was a dense 
 population and hundreds of churches on the southern borders of 
 the Mediterranean. Where are their descendants ? At the close 
 of the eighteenth century, the same soil was the abode of nu- 
 merous piratical nations ; and, till vanquished by our own navy, 
 these pirates reduced to slavery every white man they captured. 
 To the middle of the last century the Turks made slaves of all 
 the white males and females who were captured or wrecked on 
 their shores. The Turks at this time hold all the places con- 
 secrated by our religion and desecrated by theirs. All the events 
 recorded in the Bible were revealed to the world in Asia, and 
 to settle the right to hold these places thus consecrated, was the 
 object of the Russian war. The Catholics had possession of 
 Asia six centuries before the Turks started into national exist- 
 ence. At this time not a nation in Asia is either Protestant or 
 Catholic. On the southern borders of the Mediterranean, 
 where science and religion promised to go hand in hand, eleva- 
 ting and civilizing, the Arab now roams the undisputed sovereign 
 of the soil. The empire which once embraced more than half 
 the world has disappeared, and the Bedouin wanders over the 
 deserts as free, but less civilized, than when Mahommed claimed 
 to be the savior of the world. The language once spoken along 
 the southern shores of the Mediterranean, and across the con- 
 tinent to the Indian Ocean, is lo.st, and a dozen jargons have 
 taken its place. Darkness has settled on Africa, where once 
 the light of learning illumined and blessed. The languages of 
 the Bible, the language of the Koran, and the language of the 
 " Arabian Nights' Entertainment" are equally unintelligible. 
 Not a printing-press is this day to be found in the Arabian 
 peninsula, once the abode of half the learning of the world. 
 
WEALTH OF THE WOELD. 13 
 
 In Spain, Christian as she is, and once the head of the In- 
 quisition which was to Christianize the world, the retroaction is 
 sickening to the heart. A death-like torpor has succeeded to 
 her former intellectual activity. Her cities are deserted, and 
 solitude reigns where once the Saracens and IVloors exchanged 
 with India the rich products of half the world. Superstition has 
 banished science. Her skies are as fair, but her fields no longer 
 bloom with the rich husbandry of former days. Her most inter- 
 esting monuments are her oldest mementoes ; the Moors left more 
 than the Christians ; and the traveler, as he wanders amid the 
 ruins, reluctantly admits that perpetual civilization is not the 
 birthright of early nations. 
 
 One class of politicians tell us that all men were originally 
 equal in intellect ; and the diversity of races is to be referred to 
 the sun's rays in a tropical climate ; but intellect can, they 
 assert, be restored by agencies which they can control. In their 
 estimation, the Indian, the Asiatic, the Moor, and the Arabian 
 are descendants of a common parent, and are white men in all 
 but the skin. We hope their theory is correct. Another class 
 of writers assure us that a race intellectually inferior to that 
 which now claims our highest civilization obtained possession 
 of the soil. These writers say the Arab and the dusky races 
 never comprehended the sublime idea that one God, one country, 
 one wife, and one religion would elevate and civilize ; and that 
 without these elements civilization may for a time advance, but 
 can not reach its ultimate destination. This class of writers 
 assure us that the world left practical teachings — learning and 
 science, the laws of nature and the laws of justice — to speculate 
 in ignorance and superstition on the dogmas invented by man, 
 and not revealed by a beneficent Creator. They ask whyjRome 
 and her colonies two thousand years ago occupied the shores of 
 the Mediterranean to an extent of 1,160,000 square miles, when 
 in succeeding ages all vestiges of Roman and Carthaginian civ- 
 ilization, and the languages they used, have disappeared 1 
 Were ignorance and superstition accountable for the retroaction 
 of civilization ? Why did it recede for one thousand years 1 
 The shores of the Mediterranean were like the garden of Eden ; 
 every breeze wafted fragrance, and every flower grew sponta- 
 neously. These nations built cities, and roamed over a soil of un- 
 surpassed fertility ; but civilization, self-sustaining civilization, 
 one class of writers believe, is the reward of one race alone ; 
 and that race was not there. Nearly all that remained of civili- 
 zation was on the western shores of Europe. Asia did not, 
 and does not now, claim any hiyh civilization, and never will. 
 Missionaries can do but little for such races as recently settled 
 like locusts on the rich districts of California. Western Europe 
 
14: WEAI.TH OF THE WORLD. 
 
 in the fifteenth century was the cradle of a new civilization. 
 Starting from her shores, it has rolled West, and will speed 
 onward, till, with the rising sun in the East, it proclaims a new 
 life, to advance forever, and regenerate Asia and the world. 
 
 The Roman Empire under the Antonines contained a popu- 
 lation of 131,000,000 inhabitants ; and Rome itself, in the geo- 
 graphical center, had a diameter of 50 miles, and a population 
 of 10,000,000 of citizens. Freedom, boundless freedom, was the 
 boast of the Republic. This was not enough ; all wanted office 
 and power. Civil war was her destruction. Each of the two 
 great leaders of the two great parties — the democrats and the 
 republicans of those times — claimed to be the only safe deposi- 
 tories of the power, the wealth, and the honors that should have 
 been the rewards of the virtuous of all parties. The judges, 
 however pure, could not be elected without the aid of demago- 
 gues, and when elected, they too often reflected, in their decisions, 
 the sentiments of those to whom they were indebted. All the 
 judges were of one party, and justice was not uniformly dispen- 
 sed. Cicero had arraigned before a corrupt court the wealthy 
 Verres. The hope of Verres was the influence of the judges 
 whom he had bribed. To meet and counteract this venality of 
 the judges was the point to which all his talents were directed. 
 He began in the following style : " The opportunity so much 
 desired by the nation — the opportunity of showing the independ- 
 ence of the judiciary, is now your privilege, O judges ! This is 
 an auspicious moment for the Republic ! An opinion unfavorable 
 to the stability of the nation has been entertained at Rome, and 
 in other countries. It has been asserted that no rich man can 
 be convicted in any court, however guilty he may be. At a 
 moment so critical, when men without honor are by harangues, 
 and by enlisting prejudices against our institutions, inflaming 
 the people, Caius Verres is brought to trial. The deeds of 
 Verres have convicted him in the eyes of honest men. With 
 all his guilt, does he not already laoast that his wealth has 
 triumphed 1 I have appeared against Verres to lessen the odium 
 attached to your order, O judges ! and by convicting the guilty, 
 I shall free you from censure. Justice is the glory of the Re- 
 public ; over this forum presides the goddess, and her scales are 
 ever in our view. When our courts are venal, Rome and justice 
 will be known no more. Why should I thus address this 
 court? I know integrity springs spontaneously from the Roman 
 heart. Integrity, binding faith, religion, patriotism, all, all speak 
 in your praise, and recommend you to the gratitude of the Roman 
 Republic." At the close he added : " Wealth should turn to 
 dross when touched by the hand of guilt. To the gods, O judges, 
 we commend you ; their smiles, and the approval of your own 
 
WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 15 
 
 consciences, will bestow peace through all time, and attend you 
 in other spheres." 
 
 From the time of Cicero, and for fifteen centuries, no lawyer 
 appeared ; darkness settled like a pall upon the nations ; the 
 lamp of learning went out ; science was buried in superstition. 
 Rome in her best days was too free, too prosperous ; the vir- 
 tuous, and her best men, commanded no respect. Demagogues 
 obtained all the offices — there were no other aspirants ; and 
 patriots like Cato preferred exile, and death itself, to ignominious 
 servitude. Wealth had brought luxury, luxury vice. Each 
 party in turn was the advocate of freedom, the advocate of the 
 slave ; when elevated to power each party, and each leader, 
 crowded the white slaves to the earth. Each party in turn was 
 the advocate of the people, and loudly clamored for the agrarian 
 law ; when once in power they passed laws giving to their own 
 party leaders all the rich lands of the Republic ; and with them 
 were often included the lands of individuals who were so for- 
 tunate as to be large owners of the soil, and so unfortunate as to 
 be unpopular with the ruling party. Rome, the first Republic, 
 fell! Fortunately, our judges are not Roman judges. We 
 digress — the map is before us. 
 
 The equivalent with us to the European resources are a pro- 
 ductive soil — a united people — the climate of the tropics and the 
 poles — science and learning never equaled — a pure judiciary — 
 a commerce that whitens every sea — and entire freedom from 
 the ancient superstitions that nearly destroyed European civili- 
 zation. The monks of the dark ages taught that there was but 
 one world, and that the Pope, by a supernatural dispensation, 
 stood in the place of the Deity. AH the mythology of the early 
 nations was based on these two assumptions ; and mankind were 
 saturated with the belief in supernatural beings ; no mythology 
 was too extravagant to find worshipers. In their mythology 
 the heavens moved, and not the earth. The stars were sus- 
 pended over them for no more valuable purpose than our modern 
 gaslights. A class of men, stigmatized as philosophers, have 
 always doubted this doctrine, but the discoveries of geology and 
 astronomy have satisfied all reflecting men that innumerable 
 worlds are, with our own, the creation and the special care of 
 the Creator. The leading idea of the nebular doctrine is, that 
 the Milky Way is composed of 100,000,000 or more of unfinished 
 worlds, all in a growing condition. This number is the estimate 
 of Professor Mitchell. They are to worlds, and systems of 
 worlds, as the acorn of the oak. This theory, but recently started, 
 has met with the same opposition from one class that the dis- 
 coveries of science have always had to encounter. Professor 
 Pierce, of Cambridge, the first mathematician in this country — - 
 
16 WEALTH OF THE WOELD. 
 
 perhaps of Europe — gave in his adhesion to this theory at one 
 of the recent meetings of the American Scientific Society. Pro- 
 fessor Mitchell in his recent lecture, in this city, used the fol- 
 lowing language : " Many will be startled when they hear me 
 say to-night, that the celebrated nebular hypothesis may after all 
 be the correct one." Professor Mitchell knows it is the " cor- 
 rect one," for science can conjecture no other ; and he has at 
 last acquired courage to announce his honest belief. Did he not 
 oppose it? These worlds, seen by the naked eye, will be mul- 
 tiplied by Divine Wisdom indefinitely ; and they will revolve 
 till time, and space, and man, and all created things, and Divinity 
 Itself, shall be no more. Science is the golden chain that con- 
 nects man with the Deity ; its divine mission is to dispel the 
 superstition under which monks buried religion. Superstition 
 is the vail that shrouds the heart from the sunlight of heaven. 
 The mission of science is to enlighten mankind ; those who 
 worship in her temples' worship not the unknoivn, but the known 
 God — the Creator and Preserver of all the worlds. We hope 
 some liberal Pope will invent a mythology better suited to the 
 intelligence of this age, than was invented by his predecessors 
 on the papal throne in the third century. The mythology of a 
 country is its passport to civilization ; and more than one country 
 has been the victim of errors that science and increased know- 
 ledge will dispel. Those who have faith in our ability to rise 
 above the early superstition will hail with pleasure the follow- 
 ing extract of Lord Derby's speech in the House of Lords, Feb- 
 ruary 3, 1859: 
 
 " The state of Italy is one of constant peril to the peace of 
 Europe. It may be regarded as a slumbering volcano, ready at 
 any moment for an unavoidable explosion. The spot whence 
 the discontent arose was the territory under the temporal sway 
 of a spiritual power. The spirit of resistance has risen to such 
 height, that it is evident to all the world that if the popular 
 feeling were not kept down by the presence of two foreign 
 armies, all the respect, all the veneration for the Sovereign Pon- 
 tifT would not uphold his tottering throne one month." 
 
 One class of writers assure us that the laws of nature and the 
 laws of the Creator are immutable ; and he who believes that 
 they can be changed, or that they can be suspended, is not a 
 philosopher, but is an ascetic. The foundation of Spiritualism, 
 Mormonism, Millerism, witchcraft, astrology, and all the heter- 
 doxies of the past and present day, is the idea of supernatural 
 ageYicies. So recently as the age of our best poets, to disbelieve 
 in the power of a witch to destroy the life of an unseen person 
 was to expose the unbeliever to the charge of infidelity. The 
 biographer of Fairfax the poet says (page 13), that Fairfax did 
 
WEALTH OF THE WOKLD. 17 
 
 not believe in witchcraft, but to avoid the charge of atheism he 
 allowed himself to be regarded as one of the faithful and a be- 
 liever in spirits, or supernatural agencies. 
 
 Sir Walter Scott says, in Demonology, that the persecution 
 of Quakers and witches was to be attributed to the prevalent 
 idea of supernatural beings, who were supposed to be present in 
 the shape of devils or witches, and sometimes in the guise of 
 Quakers. Some of the infernal spirits were supposed to be 
 chained in the burning regions, and others were believed to have 
 escaped from below, bringing with them the smell of sulphur. 
 'The faithful saw Beelzebub in witches, in Quakers, and iu here- 
 tics ; and under some charge, untold numbers of men, women, 
 and children were executed. For a sketch of this mania, by 
 which 100,000 persons are supposed to have lost their lives in 
 Europe, read the New Lawyer (page 419). 
 
 It is difficult in this age to believe that the following extract 
 is a part of a law made by our forefathers, so recently as the 
 time of Shakspeare : 
 
 " First — If any person shall use any conjuration of any evil or 
 wicked spirit ; second — If he or she shall consult, covenant with, 
 entertain, employ, feed, or reward any evil or accursed spirit, to 
 or for any intent or purpose ; third — If he or she shall take up 
 any dead man, woman, or child out of the grave, or the skin, 
 bone, or any part of the dead person, to be employed or used in 
 any manner of witchcraft, sorcery, charm, or incantation ; fourth 
 — If he shall use or practice any sort of witchcraft, sorcery, charm, 
 or enchantment ; fifth — Any act whereby a person shall be destroy- 
 ed, killed, wasted, consumed, pained, lamed in any part of his 
 body ; every such person being convicted, shall suflfer death." 
 
 The eminent Judge Hale believed, or was compelled to say 
 that he believed, in this horrible delusion, and he sent his vic- 
 tims, on one day's notice, to another world. 
 
 This delusion found a congenial soil among the early Puri- 
 tans of New England, and Massachusetts and Connecticut hung, 
 drowned, and pressed to death Quakers and witches without 
 mercy. 
 
 What mythology will carry us back to the age of agitation, 
 persecution, and horrid deaths ? Whatever it may be, the only 
 antidote to such inflictions is the study of science, and the gen- 
 eral diffusion of the works of scientific men. 
 
 Philosophers assert that no supernatural event ever happened, 
 and that none can ever happen. The ascetic assures us that 
 they occur at his bidding. The philosopher assures us that to 
 interfere with the laws of nature would spread destruction over 
 a darkened world. He asserts that the laws of nature — the laws 
 of God — are better than the whims of men. He assures us 
 
18 WEALTH OF THE WOELD. 
 
 that when science has had its perfect work, and enlightened the 
 world, no believer in spiritual agencies will be found. Spirit- 
 ualism, Morraonism, witchcraft, astrology, and spooks will fall to 
 their proper level : the wars about words, and excited bj' monks, 
 will afflict the world and destroy our race no more. Ignorance 
 and superstition have in other nations made war the natural con- 
 dition of man, and peace, for short intervals, was an exception to 
 the law. Immense armies, for fourteen centuries, rushed to the 
 battle-fields with deadly weapons in their hands and deadly ha- 
 tred in their hearts, and the streams of blood ceased to flow only 
 when one party was destroyed. Have the revelations of sci- 
 ence ever involved the world in deadly conflicts ? 
 
 Why were not the discoveries of Fulton, Jackson and Mor- 
 ton, Morse and Field, made when ignorance was universal and 
 when all the discoveries of science were denounced as infidelity 
 in disguise ? Has not science bound all the world in common 
 union and common blessings 1 
 
 Galileo was in the Inquisition; if we ever recede to the age 
 of superstition, we shall build a prison for Jackson and Morton, 
 Morse and Field. Astor and Cooper will be admonished to close 
 the seminaries that have diff'used free discussion. Hoe and 
 Adams will not be allowed to sell the printing-presses for the 
 wicked " purpose of diffusing science among men." Has not 
 science displayed to the world laws not made by man, but were 
 made eternal, in the heavens 1 
 
 Under these laws, and under the revelations of science, the 
 nation is now progressing as no nation under other laws could 
 progress, and this progress we believe will be continued forever. 
 At the close of this century our population will be greater than 
 that of any European nation, and within the lifetime of those 
 now with us we shall have a population of one hundred and fifty 
 millions. 
 
 When Junius wrote his letters, England contained only seven 
 million inhabitants. New York and Pennsylvania now contain 
 nearly or quite as many. 
 
 In fifteen hundred years France doubled her population but 
 twice. In the second century her population was five millions, 
 and in the seventeenth century (1650) it was only twenty mil- 
 lions. In seventy-five years we have doubled our population four 
 times. In 1830, Algiers became a French province ; although 
 near to its parent country, and with the soil and climate of sur- 
 passing excellence, it had but 125,000 Europeans in 1837. The 
 State of Wisconsin, in ten years, gained 900,000 inhabitants, 
 starting from fifty State and United States oftlcials. 
 
 In this country we look with indifference on the conflicts of 
 European armies. No emperor here drops a word by which 
 
WEALTH OF THE "WORLD. 19 
 
 millions of dollars are dashed from the value of stocks. We are 
 blessed with a Constitution that will carry forward the whole 
 country, as long as a respect for our institutions, and for the men 
 who are placed over them, shall be a living sentiment. Wealth 
 and commerce are our theme ; are they not the right arm of na- 
 tional defense ? 
 
 New countries are opening their ports. When we have 
 reached the Pacific Ocean by half a dozen railroads, and by the 
 Isthmus Canal, we will step from the Sandwich Islands to the 
 Asiatic shore. The chimes that proclaim our advance will be 
 the knell of those forsaken nations, always fighting with each 
 other, and now reduced to slavery by the European powers. 
 Australia is already filled with our own countrymen, or with 
 men who use our language, and of that continent we will make 
 a dozen States. 
 
 Asiatics, like our Indians and the natives of the Sandwich 
 Islands, dwindle when in contact with more civilized races. We 
 will now place our eye on the map of the United States. How 
 many white men can live in independence here ? The Basin of 
 the Mississippi will easily sustain ten times the population of 
 Rome and her colonies, or 1,310,000,000 of inhabitants ; but 
 these are not our bounds. If our view be extended to the Arc- 
 tic Sea and the two maritime fronts ; and if the mountain forma- 
 tion be added, and the whole compared to Europe and Asia, 
 3,000,000,000 will easily find room — a population double the 
 existing human race ! The basin is all within the temperate 
 zone ; but upon the shores of the Gulf, at the level of the sea, 
 tropical fruits, flowers, and vegetation are produced. On the high 
 mountain slopes grows the vegetation of the Arctic zone. Be- 
 tween these are found every kind of agricultural production, as 
 we descend from the extremes to the central medium. In posi- 
 tion it is exactly central to the continent. Not far remote from 
 the west bank of the Missouri River, in the bosom of romantic 
 scenery and fertile prairie, is a spot where the Smoky Hill and 
 Republican rivers form the Kansas. This is the geographical 
 center at once of the North American continent, and of the Basin 
 of the Mississippi. The circle described from the center with 
 a radius to San Francisco will pass through Vancouver, on the 
 Columbia, the port of Severn River, on Hudson's Bay, through 
 Quebec, through Boston, through Havana, Vera Cruz, and the 
 city of Mexico. With a radius to the 49ih degree, a circle will 
 pass through Mobile, New Orleans, and Matagorda. This spot 
 IS therefore the geographical center of the North American 
 continent and of the Basin of the Mississ ppi, both at once. It 
 is also equally the center of the American Union, as it is now 
 blocked out into existing States and into prospective States, to 
 
20 WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 
 
 occupy sites in the now existing Territories ! Moreover, it is 
 equidistant from, and exactly in, the middle between the two 
 halves of the human family, distinctly concentrated ; the one 
 half Christians, occupying Western Europe, to the number of 
 259,000,000 of population ; the other half Pagans, occupying 
 Oriental Asia and Polynesia, to the number of 650,000,000 ! 
 Europe has all the outlets of its inland seas and rivers toward 
 the West, debouching on to our Atlantic front, toward which its 
 whole surface slopes. Asia similarly presents to our Pacific 
 front an Oriental slope, containing her great rivers, the densest 
 masses of her population, and detached islands of great area, 
 dense population, and infinite production. The distance from 
 the European to tne Asiatic shores (from Paris to Pekin), trav- 
 eling straight by the continuous river line of the Potomac, Ohio, 
 Missouri, Platte, and Snake rivers, and across the two oceans, 
 is only ten thousand geographic miles. This straight line is the 
 axis of that temperate zone of the northern hemisphere of the 
 globe, thirty-three degrees in width, which contains lour fifths of 
 the land, nine tenths of the people, and all the white races and 
 commercial activity and industry of the civilized world. When, 
 therefore, this interval of North America shall be filled up, the 
 affiliation of mankind will be accomplished, proximity recog- 
 nized, the distraction of intervening oceans and equatorial heats 
 cease, the remotest nations be grouped together and fused into 
 one universal system. 
 
 Such are some of the extraordinar}^ attractions presented to 
 mankind by the position of the Mississippi Basin. There is 
 another prospective view : this presents itself in contrasting the 
 physical configuration of North America with the other conti- 
 nents 
 
 Europe, the smallest in area of the continents, culminates in 
 its center into the icy masses of th^ Alps. From the glaciers, 
 where all the great rivers have their sources, they descend the 
 declivities and radiate to the different seas. The Danube flows 
 directly east to the Pontic Sea ; the Po, to the Adriatic ; the 
 Rhone, to the Sea of Lyons ; the Rhine, north to the German 
 Sea. Walled off by the Pyrenean and Carpathian mountains, 
 divergent and isolated, are the Tagus, ttie Elbe, and other single 
 rivers, affluents of the Baltic, the Atlantic, the Mediterranean, 
 and the Pontic seas. Descending from common radiant points, 
 and diverging every way from one another, no intercommunica- 
 tion exists among the rivers of Europe toward their sources ; 
 navigation is petty and feeble ; art and commerce have never, 
 during thirty centuries, united so many small valleys remotely 
 isolated by impenetrable barriers. Hence upon each river 
 dwells a distinct people, differing from all the rest in race, Ian- 
 
WEALTH or THE WORLD. 21 
 
 guage, religion, interests, and habits. Though often politically 
 amalgamated by conquest, they again relapse into fragments 
 from innate geographical incoherence. Religious creeds and 
 diplomacy form no more enduring bond. The history of these 
 nations is a story of perpetual war, of mutual extermination : an 
 appalling catalogue of a few splendid tyrannies crushing millions 
 of serfs. 
 
 Superstition without religion, hatred engendered where love 
 and the worship of one God should cement all in mutual bonds, 
 have, on the Eastern Continent, been the history of all past time. 
 Have these nations the elements of progress which will enable 
 them to follow us in our career of national greatness ? 
 
 Asia is but half civilized, and Africa adds nothing to the 
 wealth of man : she is a mystery to philosophers. For what 
 end were untold millions to live and die ? Have not the ene- 
 mies of Africa shut her out from all the humanizing influences, 
 without which no race ever made any progress in civilization ? 
 Why have we not done something for the blacks, and made com- 
 merce, the element of colored civilization as well as our own 1 
 A college in New York, has recently refused to admit a copper- 
 colored student ! 
 
 In what State have the rights of the colored races been more 
 clamorously advanced than in the State of New York? Are 
 politicians the men to be trusted with the great philanthropic 
 enterprises of the day 1 Can we, or can we not, so far civilize 
 Africa as to make agriculturists and customers of all the resi- 
 dents on her prolific soil? 
 
 What would be the product of 200,000,000 of men, each tak- 
 ing from us ten dollars annually in manufactured goods, and 
 paying us $2,000,000,000 in gold-dust, hides, palm-oil, ivory, cot- 
 ton, coffee, tobacco, and every fruit that grows from the earth ? 
 Africa produces them all. When blessed with our civilization, 
 they will patiently labor, and will enjoy its rich rewards. I'heir 
 own soil may be made our most profitable fields for cultivation, 
 if one class of writers are to be believed. 
 
 Every thirty years 200,000,000 of accountable beings pass to 
 their account. Like falling leaves they mix with earth, and not 
 a tear ever drops on the soil that covers them. Is sympathy in 
 the right channel to advance African civilization ? 
 
 A writer of the fourteenth century indulged in the pleasing 
 dream that Africa was to be civilized by some nation then un- 
 born. Nature's children were to be led to fertile fields where 
 the rose and the magnolia shed their fragrance, and where 
 tropical suns would not forever dwarf the intellect. One centu- 
 ry after this dream America was discovered. Is it yet a dream ? 
 Has, or has not, a mode of civilizing the colored races been dis- 
 
22 WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 
 
 covered ? If to bestow intellect where instinct predominates ; 
 if to raise, civilize, and Christianize man, who is made in the 
 image of the Creator, be a Christian virtue, why should we be 
 indifferent to the condition of 200,000,000 of our race ? 
 
 While politicians are discussing preliminaries, millions are 
 dropping by the way ; the colored races are making no advances 
 in the civilization that carries Christianity, and the blessings 
 which follow in its train. Is not our accountability increased, 
 and increasing with our wealth ? But writing sermons is not 
 our profession. We resume our map. 
 
 Two worlds of equal extent on the Eastern Continent, both 
 nearly valueless for commerce, are balanced on the Western 
 Continent by worlds of fertility, and are filled with intelligence 
 and virtue. In place of African deserts, we have miles of gold. 
 In place of mere animal life, we have the intellect that elevates 
 and ennobles. We will continue the comparison of the two 
 hemispheres. 
 
 From the stupendous central barrier of the Himalayas run the 
 four great rivers of China, due east, to discharge themselves un- 
 der the rising sun ; toward the south run the rivers of Cochin 
 China, the Ganges, and the Indus ; toward the west, the rivers 
 of the Caspian ; and north, through Siberia to the Arctic Sea, 
 many rivers of the first magnitude. During fifty centuries, as 
 now, the Alps and Himalaya Mountains have proved insuperable 
 barriers to the amalgamation of the nations around their bases 
 and dwelling in the valleys that radiate from their slopes. 
 
 In contrast, the interior of North America presents an ex- 
 panded bowl, to receive whatsoever enters within its rim — each 
 of the other continents presenting a bowl reversed, scatter 
 everything from a central apex into radiant circles. Political 
 societies and empires have in all ages conformed themseives 
 to these geographical facts. This democratic republican em- 
 pire of North America is predestined to expand and fit itself to 
 the continent ; to control the oceans on either hand, and event- 
 ually the continents beyond them. iMuch is uncertain, yet 
 through all the vicissitudes of the future this much of eternal 
 truth is discernible. In geography the antithesis of the Old 
 World, in society we are and sha 1 be the reverse. Our North 
 America will rapidly accumulate a population equaling that of 
 the rest of the world combined ; a people one and indivisible, 
 identical in manners, language, customs, and impulses ; pre- 
 serving the same civilization, the same religion ; imbued with 
 the same opinions, and having the same political liberties. Of 
 this we have two illustrations now under our eye — the one pass- 
 ing away, the other advancing. The aboriginal Indian race, 
 among whom, from Darien to the Esquimaux, and from Florida 
 
WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 23 
 
 to Vancouver's Island, exists a perfect identity in hair, complex- 
 ion, features, religion, stature, and language ; and, second, in the 
 fusion into one language and into one new race of immigrant 
 Germans, English, Norwegians, Celts, and Italians, whose indi- 
 vidualities are obliterated in a single generation. 
 
 Thus the political storms that periodically rage are but the 
 clouds and sunshine that give variety to the atmosphere and 
 checker our history as we march. The possession of the Basin 
 of the Mississippi, thus held by the American people, is a 
 crowning mercy. Viewed alone in its position and capacity 
 among the continents and the nations ; viewed also as the part 
 of the great calcareous plain formed of the basins of the Missis- 
 sippi, St. Lawrence, Hudson's Bay, and Mackenzie, the amphi- 
 theater of the world — here is, indeed, the most magnificent 
 dwelling-place marked out by God for man's abode. 
 
 Behold, then, rising now and in the future, the empire which 
 industry and self-government create. The growth of half a 
 century, hewed out of the wilderness — its weapons, the axe and 
 plow-; its tactics, labor and energy ; its soldiers, free and equal 
 citizens. In place of the serfs* of Russia, we have the work- 
 ing-men of all nations to cultivate our prolific soil and harvest 
 our crops of gold. 
 
 We see that Russia yet has her 10,000,000 of white slaves, 
 and Turkey nearly as many more. Both nations import them 
 from Circassia, now a conquered province. Among their slaves 
 are white girls of surpassing beauty. One line inserted in the 
 treaties recently made by France and England with Turkey and 
 Russia, would have ended white slavery forever. Neither France 
 nor England asked to insert this line. England pays five mil- 
 lions annually to prevent the immigration from Africa. This is 
 right. But at the same time she reduces half of India to a con- 
 dition worse than slavery, and sends untold thousands to die on 
 a long passage, or under a tropical sun, and then boasts of her 
 philanthropy. 
 
 We make the following extract from a recent New Orleans 
 paper : 
 
 " The steamship Empire City, from Havana on the 23d of 
 May, arrived at this port yesterday. The news from Havana is 
 not important. It would appear that in defiance of the letters 
 of our minister, Mr. Reed, the coolie traffic is still carried on by 
 American vessels. There has been an arrival at Havana of a 
 Baltimore ship, with 445 coolies on board, of whom 85 had died 
 on the passage," To what but superstition, or to national delu- 
 sion, can we I'efer such policy ? 
 
 * We copy from the New York Twnes the following : " The Eussian nobles are un- 
 willing to emancipate their serfs without full indemnity." 
 
24 WEALTH OF THE WOULD. 
 
 We copy the following extract from the work of a recent trav- 
 eler in Turkey : 
 
 "In Cotij-tantinople there is an immense building called a 
 Bazaar, where man does not blush to expose for sale the most 
 lovely of our race. Infidels are sometimes excluded, but a female 
 was recently allowed a stolen visit. Mrs. R. saw a Circassian 
 girl of sixteen of unusual beauty, and but partially dressed, ex- 
 posed to the gaze of the multitude, and among them were dozens 
 of the most wealthy citizens of Paris and London. Her pur- 
 chaser was a hoary Turk. The fair creature was overwhf^lmed 
 with her sufferings ; no conversation was permitted ; .'sympathy in 
 Turkey is unknown. The next morning she was found suspend- 
 ed by a cord, the victim of despair ! The children of concubines 
 are legitimate. The distinction between wives and concubines 
 is sligiit, and with the wealthy the numbers of both are truly 
 astonishing." 
 
 The civilized world wish to see Turkey annihilated, and she 
 would have been in the last war, if the policy of England and 
 France had not demanded for her a short respite. Are our in- 
 stitutions better than European institutions ? With all our ele- 
 ments of progress, one political party assures us, that our prosperity 
 will be our destruction. They assert that we shall extend our 
 territories till we endanger the integrity of the Union. Is there 
 not danger of this ? One party replies, " Not the least." The 
 other replies, " We will never consent to the extension of slave 
 territory." On this momentous question is suspended the most 
 important events ever presented to a free nation for their deci- 
 sion. One party assures us that the annexation policy was 
 adopted as a national policy while the fathers of the country were 
 with us ; and Louisiana and Florida were admitted by purchase. 
 The investment of $17,000,000 is now worth, they assert, '$500,- 
 000,000— possibly ten times 1500,000,000. We purchased 
 Louisiana of France, and Florida of Spain, and under those pur- 
 chases we claimed, and secured, four times as much as France 
 and Spain ever owned or ever pretended to own. The vast ex- 
 tent, and the vast value of this soil were foreseen by a ft-w men, 
 but the federal party opposed all annexation. Should we not 
 pay homage to Jefferson, Jackson, and to those who so early 
 promoted the extension of our territory ? We, as chroniclers of 
 passing events, intend to present these questions fairly. Our 
 own views will not be asked, nor will they be obtruded on our 
 readers. Should we, one party asks, in this enlightened age, 
 make a political question of a national policy, and thus check the 
 progress of a mighty nation? In connection with this interest- 
 ing question, we make the following extract from the London 
 Times 
 
WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 25 
 
 " The name of Monroe is now connected with the enlargement 
 of the American Union. What was the policy, actual or assum- 
 ed, on the part of European Powers which he encountered by 
 the ' Doctrine' stamped with his name. He warned the Holy 
 Alliance off American soil. He plainly declared that the United 
 States would not allow the independence of any other American 
 community to be put down. He said that they would not inter- 
 fere with existing politics, but that where any people had de- 
 clared themselves independent, and had received the recognition 
 of the United States, the Government of the Union would make 
 their cause its own ; for ' it was impossible that the Allied 
 Powers should extend their political system to any portion of 
 either continent without endangering our peace and happiness,' 
 
 " There, then, is the ' Monroe Doctrine,' and it is about as 
 reasonable as a doctrine need be. Its principles have been 
 avowed by states of all kinds time out of mind. The French 
 of '93 avowed them when they proffered their support to all 
 nations who might choose to do as they had done. We in Eng- 
 land make the same avowal in a modified form when we express 
 our sympathies with any Constitutional Government, and applaud 
 any people in their struggles for rational liberty. The allied 
 sovereigns themselves, in short, were but acting on these identi- 
 cal principles when they contemplated that intervention in 
 America which produced Mr. Monroe's rejoinder. 1 hey wished 
 to multiply governments of their own pattern, and suppress gov- 
 ernments of an opposite model. They thought their principles 
 the best principles, and, in the true spirit of political orthodoxy, 
 were for making them everywhere prevail. President Monroe, 
 however, had an orthodoxy of his own, and declared, very justifi- 
 ably, that he and his countrymen would maintain it and support 
 it on their own ground. This is what the Monroe Doctrine says, 
 and what originally it meant, but it is now interpreted to mean 
 soraeth ng ve^y different indeed. 
 
 " In the mouth of Young America the ' Monroe Doctrine' im- 
 plies that no European power has any real business on the 
 American continent, or at any rate on its northern portion. The 
 sufferance extended by Mr. Monroe to ex'sting institutions is by 
 them applied to existing interests. They abstain from any pro- 
 posals of actual ejectment, but they look upon ' Am^inca' as 
 pertaining to ' Americans ;' invest themselves with a reversion- 
 ary interest in all its States, to be realized sooner or later by 
 ' man fest destiny,' and protest with the utmost vehemence against 
 any act calculated to extend, enforce, or confirm the interests still 
 retained by other Powers. Such as exist may be permitted to 
 die out without violent extinction, but nothing must be done to 
 invigorate or renew them, and nothing suffered which may re- 
 
 2 
 
26 WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 
 
 semble an admission that any European government has any title 
 to interfere with affairs on the other side of the Atlantic. For 
 this new doctrine it is plain, from what we have said, that Presi- 
 dent Monroe's authority can not truly be pleaded, and the ex- 
 travagance of its pretentions, all authority apart, is certainly 
 considerable. 
 
 " What is North America, and how is it divided ? The area 
 of that enormous continent embraces about 8,000,000 square 
 miles. Of that territory we are the actual and lawful possessors 
 of more than a third. The dominions of the British government 
 cover about 3,000,000 square miles ; those of the United States 
 about the same, or a little more. Of the rest, Russia has about 
 half a million, Denmark rather less, and France just a footing on 
 some fishery islands. Deducting the unoccupied lands of the 
 Arctic Regions, we find more than one half of all North America 
 in the possession and occupation of European states — a posses- 
 sion uncontested in its legality, and traceable, in fact, to exactly 
 the same title as that of the Americans themselves. With what 
 justice, then, can it be pretended, in the face of such notorious 
 facts, that American matters are beyond the sphere of our legi- 
 timate interference ? Does the ownership of a province like 
 Canada carry with it no interest in the affairs of the North 
 American continent? If the Americans have a California, have 
 not we a British Columbia ? We say nothing of British Hon- 
 duras, British islands in the Gulf, or British Guiana on the 
 Southern Main. We take North America alone, as usually un- 
 derstood, and, as almost half its territories are our undisputed 
 property, it is surely a somewhat arbitrary doctrine which would 
 exclude us from its politics as an alien or intruding power. 
 
 " We are, however, perfectly aware of what might be alleged 
 on behalf of American pretentions. We know that the citizens 
 of the Union represent nearly five sixths of all Americans, though 
 they may not hold five sixths of all America. We know that 
 the population of one of their great cities exceeds that of the 
 Hudson's Bay Territories altogether. We know that they have 
 raised their State to an equality with the greate.st powers of the 
 Old World, and we do not quarrel with the ' destiny' which 
 may be predicted as the natural sequel of such astonishing pro- 
 gress. But it is rather too much to say that we, with half North 
 America in our possession, must abstain from meddling in North 
 American affairs, and it is a still stranger measure to found such 
 a doctrine on the simple principles of political fraternity pro- 
 pounded by President Monroe. What Mr. Monroe said was : 
 That the political system of the then Allied Powers— such a 
 system, in fact, as we now see illustrated in Italy — should never 
 be extended to the American continent if the United States 
 
WEALTH OF THE WOKLD. 27 
 
 could prevent it. To that doctrine England assentea at the time, 
 and would give her hearty support now ; but su< h a policy con- 
 tains nothing to deprive us of a voice in afTairs where our inter- 
 ests might be almost as great as those of the Union itself. 
 Happily, both would be identical wherever they were rightly 
 understood." 
 
 The statesmen of Europe know that the American Union will 
 ultimately include the whole continent. A war with England 
 will be the signal of independence to nations whose soil is nearly 
 equal in extent to our own ; and in this generation the flag with 
 one hundred stars may float in majesty in every breeze. Is it 
 evidence of sound statesmanship for politicians to oppose the 
 gradual enlargement of the Union 1 We will examine our re- 
 sources. What is to be the amount of gold that we are to receive 
 from California, Australia, and ultimately from Kansas and 
 Mexico ? In discussing events so unlike all previous history, 
 we are in danger of expressing hopes in language too sanguine, 
 if not too inflated. In less than ten years the United States 
 Mint has coined gold to the value of over five hundred millions 
 — the product of our mines — averaging one million of dollars per 
 week. Of course, the great reliance is in the California mines, 
 which have been industriously worked, both by hands and ma- 
 chinery, since 1849, and the product of which does not yet show 
 any signs of diminution. The Carolina, Georgia, and Virginia 
 mines have not been of late so productive as in former days. 
 This IS owing to the fact that the newly discovered mines pay a 
 better return for the labor of working them. The new mines at 
 Pike's Peak, in Kansas, promise well. The auriferous deposits 
 found in Washington and Oregon are in sufficient quantities to 
 yield a fair return for the labor of working them, and there is 
 little doubt that gold in vast quantities can be found through the 
 whole extent of the Rocky Mountain range, from the Columbia 
 River to the Isthmus of Panama. So rapidly are these discoveries 
 being made, and so earn' stly and energetically are our frontiers- 
 men at work, that the yield of gold from the mines within our 
 territory during the coming year will not be less than a million 
 and a half per week — a sum sufficient to pay the entire expenses 
 of the government, and build some new ships of war besides. 
 
 A question arises as to what has been done with all this 
 money ; and many people will say, from a superficial view of the 
 financial condition of the country, that we are really no richer 
 now than we were ten years ago. The truth is, that with the 
 influx of gold all values have steadily advanced. People who 
 formerly hesitated to spend a dollar for an article of luxury, now 
 throw away tens and hundreds. Immense quantities of gold 
 are kept in private hands for ornaments, souvenirs, and curiosities. 
 
28 WEALTH OF THE WOELD. 
 
 Great suras in coin and dust are hoarded and secreted, through 
 a natural suspicion of the rascally financiers of the day, with their 
 swindling railway, banking, mining, and building companies. 
 
 The imports of articles of luxury, wines, cigars, plate, jewelry, 
 pictures, silks, etc., have quadrupled in ten years. Broadcloth 
 takes the place of homespun, and " moire antique" silks, at four 
 dollars a yard, are hardly good enough for the demoiselles whose 
 mothers wore shilling calicoes. 
 
 With the old mines of Georgia, Virginia, Tennessee, Alaba- 
 ma, North Carolina, and California, and the recent additions of 
 Arizona, Pike's Peak. Oregon, and Washington, this country is 
 likely to become the El Dorado of the world. 
 
 The gold product of the world has been estimated at 
 $200,000,000 annually— allowing $100,000,000 to Australia, 
 $65,000,000 to California,, $20,000,000 to Russia, and $15,000,- 
 000 to other sources. Perhaps this is somewhat high, but 
 undoubtedly the whole amount is much less than would gen- 
 erally be supposed. But it can not be doubted that the vast 
 mining districts in this country, west of the Rio Grande, are yet 
 to be developed, and it may safely be predicted that ere long the 
 gold product of this country will tend materially to swell the 
 estimate. In order to get as near as possible at the actual sup- 
 ply of gold from the mines of the United States exclusively, the 
 subjoined articles on the several gold-bearing fields have been 
 prepared. 
 
 The results of the statistics for the last twenty years, com- 
 piled in these articles, are as follows, in round numbers : 
 
 Total gold product of California $520,000,000 
 
 " " " North Carolina 12,000,000 
 
 « " " Georgia 7,500,n00 
 
 " " " Kansas 250,000 
 
 « " " Oregon and Washington 250,000 
 
 Total $540,000,000 
 
 Gold product of Virginia, South Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama, and other 
 sources , $60,0n0,000 
 
 Grand total $600,000,000 
 
 This is probably a fair estimate of the actual product, so far 
 as any statistics can be obtained from the Mint Reports, ship- 
 ments, and other sources. But if the reports concerning Pike's 
 Peak, Cherry Creek, and the Gila River prove true, we shall 
 have our present product doubled. Since the close of 1848, the 
 new gold mines have presented themselves seriatim — Califor- 
 nia, Arizona, Fraser River, Pike's Peak, Cherry Creek, and the 
 Gila River reports have followed each other in quick succession, 
 until we bid fair, among other evidences of our greatness, to be 
 the great gold-producing country of the world. At any rate^ 
 such of our readers as do not agree with the argument, as well 
 
WEALTH OF THE WOELD. 29 
 
 as those who do agree with it, will be interested in the concise 
 record which we present. 
 
 The great gold diggings are on the western slope of the 
 Sierra Nevada Mountains, and in Klamath and Shasta counties, 
 while other portions of the State have contributed their quota. 
 The first discoveries of gold were undoubtedly but the washings 
 from the vast bulk of auriferous quartz in the State, which serve 
 to keep up the gold product of the State. The gold region em- 
 braces a space on the line of the Sierra Nevada between five 
 hundred miles long and fifty broad. 'J'tie rivers whose copious 
 streams flow from the streams of the Sierra Nevada were found 
 to contain in their bars and shoals collections of the precious 
 sand, the amount varying with the velocity of the stream. The 
 dry diggings are places where gold is found mingled with, or 
 disintegrated from quartz, or in dust, according to the action of 
 the atmosphere or water. 
 
 The first discovery was made in June, 1848, and in the ten 
 years since that time a new State is formed, and now demands 
 from Us the con»itruction of a railroad across the continent to 
 meet the requirements of her people and their trade. 
 
 It is by no means easy to arrive at a correct estimate of the 
 actual gold product of California since the first discovery. In 
 the crude condition of government during the first rush and 
 largest gains, without a mint or proper custom-house regulations, 
 and from the natural course of things, no reliable statistics could 
 be kept. Much gold was exported and much carried away 
 which never reached the mints. It has, however, been esti- 
 mated that from the time of the discovery up to 1854 — the date 
 of our first returns from the branch mint at San Francisco — the 
 total production and distribution in all quarters was $298,243,938 
 — a rate of production considerably below the present estimated 
 average. The gold deposits of the branch mint at San Fran- 
 cisco, according to the official reports, has been as follows, 
 since 18.54 : 
 
 California gold deposits of 1855 $20,860,437 20 
 
 " " 1856. ...{ 29,809.218 84 
 
 " " 185T, estimated 82,000,000 00 
 
 Total $82,069,656 04 
 
 Add to this the estimated deposits last year from semi-official 
 sources of $34,500,000, and we have the following : 
 
 Reported deposifs, 1S55-6-7 $82,069,656 04 
 
 Estimated deposits, 185S 34,500,000 00 
 
 Total deposits of Californian gold at San Francisco Branch Mint since 
 1854 : $116,569,656 04 
 
 Add this again to the reports of California gold coined at other 
 mints, and we have this result : 
 
so WEALTH OF THE WOELD. 
 
 California gold deposited at Philadelphia Mint to January, 1857 $22«,273,955 31 
 
 Deposits at New Orleans Mint, to 1357 21.477.124 15 
 
 " Charlotte, North Carolina S7,321 01 
 
 " Dahlonega, Georgia 1.218,214 80 
 
 " Assay OfBee, New York 50,77(),S62 01 
 
 Total deposits at other offices $299,^3 .977 18 
 
 Add deposits at California Mint 1 16, 69,656 04 
 
 Total deposit of California gold at United States Mint since 1354 1416,402,633 23 
 
 Average deposits per year $41,64 ,263 82 
 
 Thus, with no other record but that of the sums deposiied in 
 the mint for coinage, we have the round sum of $41,000,000 per 
 year. But, aside from this, we have to consider the vast sums 
 which have been shipped to other countries in dust, and the 
 large amounts expended in jewelry and souvenirs of the State, 
 as well as the refining of private assay offices, and another 
 eleven millions per annum may be added with safety, when the 
 record will stand thus : 
 
 Official record of California gold deposits at the Mint and branches $416,402,633 83 
 
 Estimated California gold carried out of the country, refined by private 
 assay ers or used in jewelry and specimens 110,000,000 00 
 
 Total product of California, 1849 to 1859] $526,402,633 32 
 
 These figures support the idea held forth by President Bu- 
 chanan in one of his messages, that the average product of Cali- 
 fornia gold is $1,000,000 per week. 
 
 But let us look at it in another light, that of the shipments of 
 gold from San Francisco : 
 
 The estimated shipments of gold from San Francisco, from April, 1849, to 
 
 January, 1857, were valued at $322,893,8.'i6 
 
 The actual shipments to New York, in 1857, were 34,222,904 
 
 The actual shipments in 1858, were 36,384,965 
 
 Total shipments since 1849 $392,9ul,725 
 
 These figures do not include the amounts carried by passen- 
 gers, of which no record can be kept, or the sums still remaining 
 in the State. If we estimate these at $130,000,000, which is by 
 no means a heavy estimate, we have the following : 
 
 Shipments of California gold since 1849 $892,901,725 
 
 Estimated amounts carried by passengers, unrecorded, or still remaining in 
 the State since 1849 130,000,000 
 
 Total product of California gold from 1849 to '59 $522,901,725 
 
 These figures again support the estimate of the California gold 
 product at $1,000,000 per week. 
 
 The North Carolina gold fields, near Greensborough, are 
 
 worthy of note. The fresh gold ore yields, it is said, about 
 
 twelve dollars to the bushel on the average. The statistics of 
 
 coinage of North Carolina gold give the following figures : 
 
 Total deposits of North Carolina gold, at all the branch mints, from 1888 to 
 
 1856 $8,458,223 
 
 Estimated last two years l,00'i,000 
 
 Total mint deposite $9,458,223 
 
WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 31 
 
 The gold mines of Georgia have shared the same fate threat- 
 ened to those of California by the discovery of Fraser River. 
 They have ceased to be called El Dorado, yet their products 
 form an annual item in the record of coinage at the mints. The 
 center of the gold fields is in Lumpkin County, at Dahlonega, m 
 which a branch mint has been established. The following sums 
 of this gold have been actuall)^ deposited in the mint and 
 branches for coinage up to 1857 : 
 
 Philadelphia $2,3T1,251 56 
 
 New Orleans 39,681 00 
 
 Dahlones;a 4,112,676 35 
 
 Assay Office 55,443 28 
 
 Total $6,579,052 10 
 
 Estimated product of 185T, '58 1,000,000 00 
 
 Total gold product of Georgia from 1838 to 1858 $7,579,052 10 
 
 The recent discoveries on Fraser River have directed atten- 
 tion to the general wealth of Oregon and Washington Terri- 
 tories. 
 
 The first reports of the discoveries at Pike's Peak and Cherry 
 Creek only reached us as late as September. The gold district 
 is very extensive, and not confined to the beds of water-courses. 
 A pan full of the auriferous earth which is found most anywhere 
 in the region, is sure to repay the trouble of separation, even 
 with the rough tools yet employed ; but with sluices, long toms, 
 gold washers, and experienced assayers, the product of the ore 
 will be materially enhanced in value. 
 
 The location of the most remunerative diggings is not at 
 Pike's Peak, as at first stated, but upon the Platte, and near the 
 mouth of Cherry Creek, where it empties into the Platte, and 
 where the enterprising miners have built up towns, called Aura- 
 ria, Montano, St. Charles, etc. A short distance from here the 
 washings are said to realize from ten cents to four dollars per 
 pan, to wash which but four or five minutes are required. The 
 gold is seldom found in large grains, and when collected the 
 dust much resembles that of the California mines, the first 
 product of which was received in the city of New York in the 
 year 1848. The diggings along the South Platte are said to be 
 excellent ; but as yet all reports agree in the fact that the parti- 
 cles of gold are small, the laigest spoken of being worth but 
 forty-four cents. The bed rocks, or mountain mines, from which 
 all these grains must have been washed, have yet to be reached. 
 It is said that with the rudest implements the miners now ave- 
 rage from two dollars to five dollars per day; that there are 
 millions of acres which, with appropriate implements, will yield 
 from twenty dollars to forty dollars per day for each man ; that 
 the gold is more generally diffused, thus insuring a support for 
 
32 WEALTH OF THE WOELD. 
 
 each man ; that more than five hundred different places have 
 been prospected, and all of them found to contain gold. 
 
 Arizona, or New Mexico, has the credit of possessing, in com- 
 mon wiih Chihuahua and Sonora, which are immediately south 
 of it, plentifully supplied sjold fields, needing oidy the capital and 
 treasure to make another California. 
 
 With all this data in view ; with the large emigration to 
 Oregon, Arizona, Washington, and Pike's Peak the ensuing 
 year; with the fresh developments of new mines by the active 
 enterprise and energy of our people, what will be the annual 
 gold crop of the United States 1 California gives us a million 
 per week. All the other fields, we can safely say with what 
 facts we already have, will give us at least half as much. Our 
 gold crop is t/ierefore likely to be for years to come at the rate of 
 a million and a half per week, or seventy-seven millions per an- 
 num — equal to one half of the cotton crop of the country. 
 
 Congress has taken the initiatory steps toward procuring the 
 census for 1860, and it is to be hoped that the experience of the 
 past twenty years will not be lost in enabling it to give us a more 
 perfect and satisfactory one, with regard especially to the statis- 
 tics of agriculture, manufactures, and the wealth of the country, 
 than any we have had heretofore. In fact, the census of 1850, 
 and of 1840, the only two in which any attempt to furn'sh tables 
 of statistics was made, are far from being reliable — that of 1840 
 being so imperfect as to be almost valueless in this respect. 
 Some approximation to the English method of taking the census 
 of the population all over the country in one day would give the 
 returns more accurately and promptly. It is true that some diffi- 
 culty is experienced in this country from the fact that our people 
 are migratory, a large portion of the population being a floating 
 one ; but that is an argument in favor of simultaneous action all 
 over the States and Territories, as there could be no error as to 
 the domicil of each individual, which often occurs when the 
 work is spread over many months, as at present. 
 
 We should not be surprised if the census of next year proved 
 this country to be the second in population among tlie civilized 
 nations of the globe, and we have little doubt that at the present 
 moment we are the first in as far as mind predominates over 
 matter. We think the figures, if accurately rendered, will show 
 that this country, although behind Russia in population, is at 
 least equal to if not ahead of France, and certainly greater than 
 Great Britain. According to the census of 1850, the relative 
 population of the United States, France, and Great Britain stood 
 thus : 
 
 United States, 1S50 23.191,876 
 
 France, 1 SM 8.=',TS .,000 
 
 Great Britain, 1851 27,475,000 
 
WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 33 
 
 The estimated population of this country in 1854 was 26,500 . 
 000 — giving an increase in four years of 3,308,124. But ad- 
 mitting that the immigration has fallen off during the last six 
 years, yet the increase in the existing population has been in an 
 equal ratio ; therefore it is not unsafe to put down the total in- 
 crease for the ten years at from eight to ten millions. This 
 would bring this country nearly up to the population of France, 
 and place her largely above Great Britain. Taking the increase 
 from 1840 to 1850 as a criterion — which was 6,122,423 — this 
 calculation is not unreasonable. 
 
 In the growth of our manufactures, agricultural products, and 
 the value of property, our advance over European nations has 
 been immeasurably greater. The returns of 1850 showed, as 
 might be expected, a large increase in these tables over 1840, 
 but the census of that year was so defective that we are unable 
 to make an accurate comparison. In 1850 the tables were — 
 
 Manufactures and mining $1,013,386,463 
 
 Agricultural producta 1 6U' ,Oii'',t 00 
 
 Eeal and personal estate 9,UU0,000,00O 
 
 Since then the area of our territory has been greatly extended, 
 and the proportionate increase in agricultural products, manufac- 
 tures, and the value of real estate has been almost incalculable. 
 Whole territories have been populated by a thrifty, productive 
 people, and the soil has been made to yield rich fruits to their 
 labor. Cities and towns have grown up where a desert stood 
 before, while in the older cities property has increased almost 
 fabulously in value. It is not too much, then, to claim that in 
 another decade we shall be, if we are not even now, in all save 
 population, the first country on the earth. While Russia can 
 boast of a large population, it must be remembered that it is in a 
 great degree composed of serfs, and in a smaller proportion of 
 idle non-producing classes; but in the United States we have no 
 drones in the hive, no idle consumers and non-producers in the 
 shape of an hereditary nobility, or lazy gentlemen of ease. 
 Here all are active workers, scarcely one of whom does not con- 
 tribute during his lifetime his quota to the wealth and prosperity 
 of the nation. France herself, with all her intellectual activity, 
 quickness of invention, and proverbial refinement, does not make 
 the same impression upon the civilization of the world at the 
 present time as the United St-Btes, either materially or meta,- 
 physically. The same is measurably true of England. As one 
 example, let us take the list of inventions patented in the two 
 countries within the same periods. The patents issued by the 
 Patent Office at Washington occupy from half a column to a 
 column of the advertising portions of the papers every week, 
 while the same number taken out in a month in England would 
 
 2* 
 
34 WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 
 
 not fill the same space. And there is hardly an invention patent- 
 ed m the latter country that is not improved on here as soon as 
 it appears. England, France, and Prussia, indeed, make some 
 show of a claim to the invention of the electric telegraph, never- 
 theless, France and several of the other Continental nations have 
 bestowed a handsome gratuity on Professor Morse, nominally as 
 a remuneration for the use of his system, but really as an ac- 
 knowledgment of his claim to the merits of the invention. 
 
 It is with no small measure of pride that we refer to the rela- 
 tive position of this countr)^ to that of the older nations of Europe 
 — a pride which is enhanced by the reflection that our country, 
 since her birth as an independent nation, has only seen the num- 
 ber of years allotted to man's existence, while her rivals in 
 progress have lived for centuries. Peace with each other, and 
 peace with all the world, is our mission. 
 
 War has been the history of all past time ; the only heroes 
 were the destroyers of their race. These heroes, if they lived, 
 were made '■'■peers ;" if they were the victims of a chance shot, 
 their remains were placed in a mausoleum, and tears were shed 
 by the whole country — if we believe historians . 
 
 We have a -peerage of as much wealth as that of England, and 
 more worthy of all the honors that we can bestow. If our sketch 
 shall satisfy any person that our wealth, our social position, our 
 science, our intellectual activity, and our religion are in advance 
 of all other nations, to whom are we indebted ? To this question 
 we may reply in succeeding numbers. Thirteen States origin- 
 ally bounded all the soil of the United States. How many have 
 we now ? While we write and read these lines, we may have 
 an extra State. We can step from island to island till we encir- 
 cle the globe. In our mythology we will enshrine the Union ; 
 on its altars, praises, we hope, will be offered to the end of time. 
 What has been accomplished in twenty years ? The new terri- 
 tory acquired by the United States during the last twenty years 
 amounted to 1,300,000 square miles, which was larger than the 
 dominion of the whole Union at the close of the War of Inde- 
 pendence. What the soil of our country had produced in twenty 
 years defied the powers of arithmetic to represent, and any at- 
 tempt to state its harvests dizzied the brain with its immensity. 
 The yield of the land in 1855, according to the Patent Oflice 
 report, was $1,300,000,000, or about two and a half times the 
 value of all the coinage of the nation from the beginning until 
 the end of 1856. The Indian corn crop alone was worth more 
 than all the gold that ever came from California. The 165,000,- 
 000 of bushels of 1855 was likely to be more than distanced in 
 the present year, for it was probable that the United States would 
 make up the deficiency of the crop in Canada. The cotton crop 
 
WEALTH OF THE WOELD. 35 
 
 had risen from one million four hundred thousand in 1836-7, to 
 - nearly three million in 1856-7, and to three million five hundred 
 thousand in 1858. In the manufacture of iron, America had now 
 reached the point where Great Britain stood twenty years ago, 
 and had increased our production to one million of tons, with a 
 prospect of boundless increase, when our coal fields, which are 
 three times as large as those of all the other countries combined, 
 shall, by a better industrial policy, and by availing ourselves of 
 the valuable invention of 1837, which applied anrhracite to the 
 manulacture of iron, be more effectively wrought. The last 
 ofiicial accounts fix the manufacturing capital of 1850 at over five 
 hundred millions of dollars, and the annual production of manu- 
 factures, including materials, at over one thousand millions. Our 
 commerce exhibited the same ratio of increase with the other 
 branches of industry, and of our 25,000 miles of railroad, all but 
 1,400 had been the work of the last twenty years. This com- 
 mercial emporium is a standing proof of the wealth of the 
 country, for the whole nation contributed to its wealth. The 
 valuation of property, real and personal, m it has risen to more 
 than five hundred millions of dollars, and the returns of the 
 Savings Banks show that the whole amount received was more 
 than one hundred and nineteen millions of dollars ; that the whole 
 amount paid was more than one hundred and two millions of 
 dollars ; and that the amount of interest paid on the whole was 
 more than eleven millions of dollars ; and that in our sixteen 
 Savings Banks on the 1st of January, 1857, the whole amount 
 on deposit was $32,000,000, payable to the industrial or work- 
 ing classes. . 
 
 What must have been the product of all the industry of the 
 country, the product of labor, had it been deposited in the Savings 
 Banks, and through them its value communicated to the reading 
 public ? What per centage of our annual accumulations are 
 loaned on interest ? Seven States forfeit the whole debt if more 
 than legal interest is taken. No person can form a conception 
 of the rapid increase of compound interest, who has not some 
 knowledge of mathematics. Mr. Price, an eminent mathemati- 
 cian in England, estimated one penny put out at compound in- 
 terest at the birth of our Saviour, to be worth in 1775, 1.800 
 times the whole globe, if it were solid gold. If we suppose this 
 sum to double every fifteen years, it would have amounted in 
 1790 to 3,600 times the globe of gold. In 1805 it would have 
 amounted to 7,200 ; and in 1820, 14,400 times ; and in 1835 to 
 28,800 ; and in 1850 to 57,600 times the solid globe of gold. 
 At seven per cent , one penny would be worth at the present 
 time less than five dollars. By such figures we can form some, 
 though necessarily a very inadequate, conception of the wealth 
 
36 WEALTH OF THE WOELD. 
 
 of England, and can estimate prospectively what the United 
 States are to be when as old as England. 
 
 More than one million five hundred thousand houses have been 
 erected in twenty years. What is the difierence, in the social 
 scale, between the occupants of these houses, and the same 
 number of persons in the manufacturing districts of the densely 
 populated cities of Europe ? Unlike those nations, in which 
 superstitition and squalid destitution are constantly leading na- 
 tions to revolution, our country smiles in the sunshine of peace. 
 To comprehend the vast increase of our happy population in 
 only twenty years, we will suppose 30,000 new churches to be 
 erected, each to contain 400 worshipers. Brooklyn doubled 
 her population and her churches every eight years. Would not 
 the sight of these worshipers wake to ecstasy Dr. Beecher and 
 the City of Churches ? 
 
 We see by the following estimate the prospective size of New 
 York city. Is there a nation on the globe that will compare 
 with us ? 
 
 1805 75,7T0 
 
 1810 94J15 
 
 1815 110,81)0 
 
 1820 147,987 
 
 1 825 18-t,ii83 
 
 1831 231, 2JS 
 
 1835 289,036 
 
 1840 861,293 
 
 1845 451,610 
 
 185u 564,320 
 
 1SP5 705,650 
 
 1 86ii SS:%0fi3 
 
 1S65 1,1 1:2.577 
 
 1870 l,S78,ri77 
 
 1875 1 722,776 
 
 188 ' 2,16-!,470 
 
 1885 2.69 1 ,837 
 
 1890 3.364,796 
 
 189,^ 4,-.J0o,995 
 
 19U0 5,2,i7,493 
 
 What is to be the population of all the United States in the 
 20th century? 
 
 In the increase of schools, of colleges, of newspapers, of libra- 
 ries, and of all the other ideas of intellectual and educational 
 progress, the results were proportionally great. And in the 
 matter of letters — written letters — which do so much to educate 
 both the mind and heart — while the number that passed through 
 the Post Office in 1837 was but thirty-seven millions, in 1856 it 
 was one hundred and thirty-nine millions. The circulation of 
 books — and of the best books — had wonderfully increased. The 
 1,500 public and school libraries, reported in our last census, 
 must have increased to nearly 20,000 within the present year, 
 the works most in demand being biographies and histories, which 
 were the best antidote to the baser publications that were so 
 much fostered by bad people. The whole number of Bibles 
 issued within the last twenty years from our Bible houses, was 
 3,391,697 ; and the number of Testaments, 6,450,594, making a 
 total of 10,191,800. 
 
 New England and New York are parts of the same family. 
 New England has her three hundred. factories and her millions 
 of spindles ; New York has her three hundred ship owners 
 
WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 37 
 
 Would non-intercourse lessen the supply of cotton, and the earn- 
 ings of our thousand ships ? What would be the value of the 
 millions of factory stock, if the Southern States had never exist- 
 ed ? With the opening of our canal in 1825, the tides of v^^ealth 
 poured into this city. But yesterday the gold mines of Califor- 
 nia and Australia were opened, and they have already enlarged 
 the currents of wealth, and doubled the value of real estate ; and 
 all who extend their hands may share their blessings. 
 
 The Trinity Building, under one roof, commands a rent of 
 about 160,000. Mr. Gilsey's iron store, at the corner of Cort- 
 landt Street and Broadway, has commanded a rent of over fif.y 
 thousand dollars. A. T. Stewart's store covers an area of over 
 25,000 square feet, and would command a rent of $150,000. 
 Will investments made in any other city be more productive 
 than these'? If respect for the memory of Washington, and 
 those who founded our institutions, shall take the place of agita- 
 tion, the Western Continent will smile in perpetual peace ; war 
 on this continent will be known no more. It is our part to show 
 in succeeding numbers the wealth of individuals and the country. 
 We hope to show that Union and enlargement are our guides to 
 the wealth that no other country has or can acquire. It is the 
 part of those who entertain other views, to show that agitation 
 will strengthen the bonds which, if broken, will sunder the 
 Union, destroy the wealth of which we boast, and crush that 
 prosperity which we hope will be extended to the nation forever. 
 England raises to the peerage her wealthy men ; with us, all are 
 born peers. England has six hundred peers who have seats in 
 the House of Lords ; we have twenty times as many in our 
 State Legislatures, and in Congress. In England, one class of 
 men have seats in Parliament as the reward of their partisan- 
 ship ; others have seats for the services of great-grandfathers. 
 Our legislators are elected by the people ; in England not one 
 person in ten can vote. Which class of law-makers — which 
 class of peers should, in the estimation of the world, stand before 
 the other? We have six hundred men who possess more wealth 
 than their six hundred peers. Within the present century, the 
 King of England raised to the peerage a host of political friends, 
 •for no more worthy purpose than to oppose the House of Com- 
 mons in a single vote ; and the House of Commons represents 
 the people. Many of these politicians were without wealth. 
 In the Wars of the Roses, more than half the noble families of 
 England were destroyed, and their immense manors were sub- 
 sequently the gifts of the king. All who were accused of treason 
 were convicted, and manors without limitation were robbed irom 
 their owners and bestowed on partisans. The virtuous, Crom- 
 well conquered Ireland; and bestowed the soil on his followers. 
 
38 WEALTH OF THE WOKLD. 
 
 in imitation of the pious William the Conqueror, who had divided 
 England between his generals and his ecclesiastics. 
 
 In the fifteenth century the Holy Church had acquired nearly 
 half the wealth of the world. The canonists and the Lords 
 had all the soil that was worth cultivating. On these immense 
 manors untold numbers of ecclesiastics had for centuries lived 
 in the exercise of pious offices, and in the ease of monastic life. 
 Monks and nuns passed their time in platonic love, diffusing 
 learning and religion on a benighted world. Henry the Eighth 
 — a pious Catholic — confiscated all the monasteries and their 
 boundless wealth, and gave all to his courtiers. 
 
 Of the immense number of men, women, and children who 
 wandered over England without subsistence, many became 
 thieves, and for the smallest ofl'enses 72,000 persons were hung. 
 If Henry the Eighth had not thus robbed the canonists, and 
 then destroyed their lives, historians say they would have ac- 
 quired the exclusive ownership of the soil. 
 
 Cardinal Wolsey was the son of a butcher ; taking advantage 
 of the superstition of the age, he raised himself to the Lord 
 Chancellorship of England, and almost to the Papal throne at 
 Rome. Knowing nothing of law, but possessing a rare genius 
 for intrigue, he made Charles the Fifth and Francis the First 
 pay him millions for favors obtained of Henry the Eighth. Like 
 Lord Bacon and Lord Jeffries, he decided no law cases till he 
 had received a fee from both sides. His law and his religion 
 enabled him to acquire a fortune of 50,000,000 of pounds, and 
 to own one twentieth part of England. When he moved from 
 his palaces, he was attended by eight hundred knights and gen- 
 tlemen. When he entertained parties of nobility, plates of solid 
 gold were placed before the guests. 
 
 Henry the Eighth wanted Wolsey's two hundred manors to 
 bestow upon such members of Parliament as would allow the 
 divorce and execution of Henry's queens. A large number of 
 his manors were yielded by Wolsey before he was deposed and 
 exiled ; after his death at Leicester, all his lands and palaces 
 were given to court favorites who had by their votes accused 
 Wolsey of high treason. The present Marquis of Westminster 
 is the largest holder of Wolsey's twice stolen manors. 
 
 In June, 1586, Edmund Spenser, the poet, obtained from the 
 crown of England a grant of 3,028 acres of land. Sir Walter 
 Raleigh at the same time received for his naval services a patent 
 for 12,000 acres. Sir Walter was the favorite of Elizabeth, and 
 was worthy of a throne ; and while she lived, and while her re- 
 ligion was the religion of England, Sir Walter lived. Supersti- 
 tion too cruel for contemplation sent him to the block fifteen 
 years after his trial and conviction ; and no person familiar with 
 
WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 39 
 
 English history believes that he was guilty of any crime. Not 
 one dollar of his immense estate descended to his widow or 
 children, who were turned from their home in abject poverty ; 
 while court favorites took possession of immense estates without 
 the payment of a dollar. At that time no counsel was allowed a 
 criminal, and Raleigh's judges were the recipients of his lands, 
 when they had disposed of him. The aristocracy of Europe 
 are inheritors by a double fraud. The first owners had no just 
 title ; and primogeniture, a law that gives all to one child, is a 
 cruel fraud. We see the origin of English nobility. Do owners 
 of these manors claim more respect than our six hundred peers 1 
 According to English dictionaries, men are peers when equal to 
 each other. The English nobility collectively are not immensely 
 rich. A peer of England who owns an estate worth 100,000 
 pounds, receives $12,500 as his rexd at two and a half per cent, 
 interest ; an estate worth the same produces in this country, at 
 the legal interest of seven per cent., 35,000 dollars. On every 
 article of luxury the consumer in England pays the cost of im- 
 portation, and about as much more to the government in duties. 
 With the same estate a resident in England can have but half our 
 luxuries. The nobility of England once resided in London, and 
 were polished by all that was refined in manners and in intel- 
 lectual intercourse. At this time they are in the rural districts, 
 racing horses, and hunting foxes and other game less creditable 
 to their morals. 
 
 Against their dukes we will place our Astors ; against their aris- 
 tocracy we will place our Coopers, our Stewarts, our Tilstons, and 
 the array of talent that one book can not reveal to the public ; but 
 other books, if our labors are appreciated, shall. Is he who by 
 his genius acquires a dukedom, less entitled to respect than he 
 who inherits a dukedom that by his talents he never could have 
 acquired? Is not New York the geographical center of the 
 world of wealth and commerce ? Will not our wealth be twice 
 that of London 1 If wealth does not here confer a valuable no- 
 bility, then empty titles without wealth do not confer nobility. 
 England has seven titles for her nobility, and she bestows them 
 as useless baubles to gratify the vanity of silly courtiers. Titles 
 are valueless, but wealth is half for which we live. Without 
 wealth our aspirations may be noble, but our performances and 
 our associates will not satisfy our ambition. England gives 
 away her seven titles — Dukes, Marquises, Earls, Viscounts, 
 Barons, Baronets, and Bachelors. Elaborate works on heraldry 
 make their annual appearance in Europe ; titles are the pursuits 
 of a lifetime. English titles do not indicate the genius or the 
 Avealth of their possessors ; a peer may be a dunce. Can a 
 dunce be found in this country in possession of self-acquired 
 
40 WEAXTH OF THE WORLD. 
 
 millions ? We have more significa>;t titles than England. Wealth 
 with us is a Koh-i-noor diamond ; and he who acquires $250,000 
 is a violet diamond. Five hundred thousand dollars are repre- 
 sented by the indigo diamond. A possessor of seven hundred 
 and fifty thousand dollars is a blue. A millionaire is a green 
 diamoiid. The fortunate possessor of two millions is a yellow 
 diamond. He who acquires three millions is an orange diamond. 
 Three millions and over are represented by red diamonds. These 
 seven colors of the rainbow and the prism are as fleeting, as 
 etm7iescent, and as valueless as the titles of the English nobility. 
 Are they not as valuable as the institutions which we refuse to 
 adopt frojn Europe ? There are in this city, and we suppose in 
 all large cities, half a dozen circles that refuse to exchange visits 
 with others ; they believe their own circle to be the most ex- 
 clusive, and more than any other entitled to high consideration. 
 The expense at which our richest men live would astonish any 
 person not familiar with our highest circles ; this display rnust 
 exclude the miser, and those who will not, or can not, imitate 
 the highest and most wealthy. We rejoice that such display 
 exists — it is the evidence of that refinement to which wealth adds 
 a double charm. The distance between our upper classes and 
 our very lowest is constantly widening, and in no city is there a 
 more perfect non-intercourse between the ranks. Many who in 
 past times were the aristocracy, are now, in this age of gold, 
 superseded by new aspirants of vastly greater wealth. The 
 splendor of our mansions — perhaps we should call them palaces 
 — and the cost of our parties, can not be surpassed in the most 
 polished circles of France and England. With the higher 
 classes, foreign adventurers have no intercourse ; doors are 
 doubly barred by the pride of wealth, and the graces of refined 
 intercourse. 
 
 Persons of wealth are constantly leaving other States, and 
 foreign nations, to pass with us their leisure, and to share with 
 us the elegances, the intellectual aids, the libraries, the lectures, 
 and all the noblest institutions that a benignant Providence has 
 anywhere on earth vouchsafed to intellectual man. Can we esti- 
 mate as we ought the wisdom of a Jackson, a Clinton, a Fulton, 
 a Morse, a Field, an Astor, a Cooper, and all who by their wealth 
 and their genius have left on our civilization traces that time will 
 make brighter and brighter ? Can we estimate the debt we owe 
 to those men who by their wealth founded charities that lessen 
 the sufferings of the human family and exalt humanity ? When 
 those who now occupy our splendid mansions shall be known no 
 more — when politicians shall forget their calling, and cease to 
 abuse each other — when men shall visit this favored country 
 from the blighted and superstitious nations of Europe — when 
 
WEALTH OF THE WOKLD. 4:1 
 
 men shall walk forth amid the splendor of parks and palaces — 
 then the question will often be suggested : " Were these palaces 
 erected by merchants ?" Future historians — the Prescotts and 
 the Bancrofts of future times — will reply : " This city of palaces 
 is the natural result of a free government, free trade, the absence 
 of the privileged classes, and the elevation of the people above 
 the superstition of monkish ages." 
 
 What nation on the earth is half as wealthy as our own ? One 
 city, New Bedford, has one thousand dollars for every man, 
 woman, and child that lives within its happy borders. The 
 names of wealthy persons we give in support of our theory ; and 
 we do not give them to gratify the vanity of any person. We 
 suppose this, our first number, contains about half ihe names of 
 our rich citizens ; the other half shall be given if heraldry finds 
 readers. He who feels no interest in reading these facts, and 
 in weighing the correctness of our views, may be a good politi- 
 cian, but he is a doubtful philosopher. 
 
 Succeeding numbers may have sketches of our politicians, our 
 public men, and our wealthy merchants of this and other States. 
 To those who will send us sketches of families of wealth in any 
 of the States, we will acknowledge our obligations in a suitable 
 manner. In England, every person is compelled to state under 
 oath the exact value of his property, and on this valuation his 
 income tax is assessed ; this book is open to the inspection of 
 all, and has saved the country from the inequality of taxation 
 that once existed. 
 
 In the superstitious ages, monks and military heroes took the 
 lead of all others. If our theory is correct, the merchants are 
 at this time not only the most wealthy, but they are the most in- 
 telligent, the best educated, the best politicians, and on them 
 devolves the responsibility of sustaining or overttirowing the 
 Union. 
 
 The merchants are, for many reasons, the conservative ele- 
 ment of the country. They are to our cons itution the same 
 regulating power that the nobility and landed gentry are to En- 
 gland; and without these classes the English Parliament and 
 the American Congress can not be sustained. They are the 
 fast-anchored " Hope" against which sectional waves and party 
 waves may forever dash, but can never move. 
 
 We give the names of the most wealthy men of Europe and 
 America. If we are asked where we obtained our knowledge, 
 we reply, " By common report." When asked if every record 
 is correct, we reply, " By no means." Some estimates came to 
 us {xom friends ; some are the amounts that all would award to 
 men so much esteemed ; some are the fortunes that enterprise 
 must soon acquire ; and none are from the parties whose names 
 
4:2 WEALTH OF THE WOKLD. 
 
 are recorded. If we are accused of writing fables, it must be 
 recollected that iEsop wrote fables before the Bible was writ- 
 ten. If we have written some fables, may it not be that we have 
 written some truths ? We will never write one line that can 
 offend the most sensitive heart. This is a time of unusual ex- 
 citement,. The tendency of the age is to asceticism and to 
 gloomy speculation. Out of hotbeds do not weeds sometimes 
 spring as well as flowers 1 
 
 To divert the mind — to mantle the face with a smile — to re- 
 lieve the young heart (that should be gay and joyous) from a load 
 of apprehension — to add one hour to the enjoyments of th.s 
 troubled life, are at least innocent employments. 
 
 The Rothschilds $100,000,000 
 
 The Rothschilds are brothers, nephews, and cousins, and have 
 banking-houses in London, Paris, Naples, Frankfort-on-the- 
 Maine, and at Vienna, and Baron Rothschild of London is a 
 member of the British Parliament. 
 
 Mr. A. Belmont is the agent in this country for all the Euro- 
 pean houses under this name. Baron James Rothschild resides 
 in Paris ; his second son has recently married Mademoiselle 
 Auspeck, daughter of the judge of the high court of Paris. 
 
 Earl Grosvenor $100,000,000 
 
 A letter-writer in Washington, under date of March 8th, 
 1859, has the following paragraph : 
 
 " In the diplomatic gallery was seen the bright face of Lord 
 Richard Grosvenor, son of one of the richest earls in England. 
 Near him was W. Smith O'Brien, whose trials, I was delighted 
 to find, had not robbed his eye of its luster. He appeared 
 deeply interested in the scene, aiid no less so was Richard Cob- 
 den, one of England's most powerful debaters." 
 
 A recent letter-writer saw one thousand deer sporting in the 
 parks of Earl Grosvenor. 
 
 Marquis of Westminster $1 00,000,000 
 
 Duke of Devonshire 100,000,000 
 
 Prince Esterhazy 100,000,000 
 
 Duke of Sutherland 100,000,000 
 
 The Duke and Duchess of Sutherland are the warm friends of 
 Mrs. Stowe, and at their palaces she passes the most of her time 
 when in Europe. 
 
 Viscount Canning $100,000,000 
 
 The Viscount is now the governor of India ; he is in the re- 
 ceipt of nearly one milli'-n of dollars annually from the British 
 
WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 
 
 43 
 
 government, in addition to the income of his immense estates 
 and the pickings of office. 
 
 T. R. Thellusson $95,000,000 
 
 Peter Isaac Thellusson died in England in July, 1797. His 
 proi^erty amounted to about two millions and a half sterling, and 
 was left as follows : He had three sons, and he called each No. 
 1. Their three eldest sons he called No. 2. Their three eld- 
 est sons he called No. 3. Their three eldest sons he called 
 No. 4. To No. 4 he gave, when accumulated, £19,000,000. 
 In 1856 the nine descendants, numbered 1 to 3, were dead, and 
 Thomas R., C. R. A., and the Hon. Arthur Thellusson, being 
 heirs No. 4, claimed the division of this immense sum. 
 
 One of the sons of Peter Isaac Thellusson had twin sons, born 
 after the death of the giver. The suit m 1856 was brought to 
 settle this uncertainty, and was taken to the Hou-e of Lords by 
 appeal ; and on examining all the reports since 1856, we can not 
 find that it is yet decided. 
 
 The' first suit, in 1797, is Thellusson v. Woodford, 4 Vesey, 
 227. This was to break the will, but it was not broken. 
 
 The second suit was Thellusson v. Woodford, 11 Vesey, 112. 
 The third suit, in 1856, sixty years after the first, was Thellus- 
 son V. Robart, 23 Beavins' English Reports, 321. 
 
 This vast amount is the accumulation of only sixty years, and 
 commenced with a small sum ; what must be the accumulation 
 of eight hundred years. . 
 
 Many of the large manors in England are now held m the 
 same family to whom they were conveyed by William the Con- 
 queror in 1066. The ecclesiastics received theirs on the con- 
 dition that they should pi ay for the souls of the giver. This, by 
 lawyers, was called holding by " mortmain ;" the property could 
 not be sold, and it accumulated till the Church held half of En- 
 gland. Numerous manors were given by WiUiam on tne condi- 
 tion that the baron should brmg in o the field, when called for, 
 any number of troops. In this way all England was divided be- 
 tween ecclesiastics and his military followers ; the Sax.m nobil- 
 ity were made slaves, and, with a ring placed around their neck, 
 were the ancestors of slaves for four hundred years ; a Saxon 
 deed had no value. What must be the present value of the 
 thousand manors which cost their owners nothing? Where 
 trade and commerce flourish, we can see the origin of wealth 
 without reading works on political economy. 
 
 Such a will as Thellusson's can not now be made in En- 
 gland. In most of the United States real estate can be be- 
 queathed to a son who can not sell it, and to a grandson who 
 can not sell it ; but the third or great-grandson may sell it, and 
 
44 WEALTH OF THE WOKLD. 
 
 the giver can not prevent the sale. This is democratic, and is 
 suited to the genius of the country. If a rich man squanders 
 his prope ty, an industrious poor man will soon be the owner : 
 not so i7i Europe. 
 Duke of Buccleugh $60,000,000 
 
 The Scotch title of the Duke is as old as the Norman Con- 
 quest. 
 Duke of Wellington $60,000,000 
 
 The Duke inherits all his father's wealth, and all his tides, and 
 a liberal sh^re of his talents. He has held some place under 
 the Britihh government constantly since his faiher's death. 
 Earl Derby $60,000,000 
 
 The Earl descended from a long line of nobles and early kings, 
 and is now, for the second time, prime minister of England. 
 There is no hivv for nations but the whims of tbe leading states- 
 men. England IS the arbiter of every nation on the globe, 
 America excepted, and Earl Derby is the arbiter of England. 
 The Earl, by one line inserted in a treaty, fixes the bi>unds of 
 imperial Russia ; by another Ime directed to the govr-rnor of 
 India, he extends the dominion of England over 150,000,000 of 
 persons, and cuts off the heads of untold thousands who oppose 
 his humane government. 
 
 In England ir. is regarded as a great blessing to have a queen 
 (and eight children, all kings and queens in embry..) with the 
 Earl to rule a country as they do India and Turkey, and to make 
 slaves of all but the colored races. 
 
 Under their perfect laws, the eldest son has all the real 
 estate, and the leading ecclesiastics have ten times as much sal- 
 ary as their judges, and superstition and eternal agitation, like 
 Vesuvius, are ready to bury civilization under a burning stream 
 of lava. 
 Sir Robert Peel • $60,000,000 
 
 The grandfather of Sir Robert was one of the richest men in 
 England. He made his money after the introduetion of >team 
 into cotton factories ; he was known as Calico Peel. The father 
 of the prrsent Sir Robert was England's favorite prime minister, 
 and in his adrainist(ation the most important changes of pobcy 
 were effected. In some of these, the Corn Laws, for instance, 
 Sir Robert jumped from one side to the other with the agility of 
 a Daniel Webster and a Rufus Choate. 
 
 Duke of Norfolk • $60,000,000 
 
 The present Duke is the descendant of Norfolk, the romantic 
 
WEALTH OF THE WOELD. 45 
 
 lover of Mary Queen of Scots. To escape with ber and to 
 save hrr life was his cherished purpose for many years. Sym- 
 pathy was unknown when superstition was hurry ng all to the 
 scaffold. The Duke died for the act which would now command 
 the admiration of every intelligent person. 
 
 Duke of Portland $60,000,000 
 
 Earl of Surrey 60 000,000 
 
 Hoqua, China 40,000,000 
 
 W. B. Astor : 25,000,000 
 
 Perhaps we should double the $25,000,000, to give an ade- 
 quate idea of the vast accumulaiion of Mr. Astor's wealth. If 
 he had not so much, we believe he would be quite as well satis- 
 fied. Mr. Astor is respected for his liberality and for liis amia- 
 ble character. The library given by him and by his father will 
 be the largf-st in the United States. We give the names of the 
 descendants of John Jacob Astor, Sen. 
 
 John Jacob Astor lives in Fourteenth Street, and during his 
 father'^ life he was called John Jacob Astor, Jr. At this time 
 the son of Wdliam B. Astor is John Jacob, Jr Henry Astor 
 and William Astor are the sons of William B. Astor. The 
 daughters are married to Mr. F. H. Delano. 
 Mr. VVai^d, and Mr. John Gary. John Jacob A^tor, Jr., married 
 the daughtt^r of Thomas Gibbs ; Henry married the daughter of 
 Mr. Schermerhorn. 
 
 Miss Ward is the granddaughter of William B. Astor, and 
 since the death of her mother has been a favorite member of 
 his family. She will have her mother's &hi<re <.f the immense 
 estate of William B. Astor ; it may amount to $10,000,000. Miss 
 Ward is between seventeen and eighteen years of age, and highly 
 intellectual. She is in possession of a large f rtune left to her 
 mother by John Jacob Astor, Sen. 
 
 C. H. Bristed is the grandson of John Jacob Astor, Sen., and 
 the son of an eminent clergyman ; he married the daughter of 
 H. Brevoort. He is now about thirty-two years of aye, pos- 
 sesses a literary taste, resides with the savans of Europe, and 
 constantly writes for our public journals under the name of Carl 
 Benson. 
 
 Mrs. Rumpff, daughter of John Jacob Astor, Sen., died some 
 years since in Europe. Mr. Vincent Rumpff, her raisband, is 
 dead ; no childr- n are living. A work has been written upon 
 the life and character of Mrs. R. ; she was deserving the eulo- 
 gium>i so liberally bestowed. 
 
 Mrs. Dorothea A. Langdon is daughter of John Jacob Astor, 
 Sen., and sister of William B. Astor. Mrs. Latigdon had four 
 daughters and four sons : Eliza, Louisa, Cecilia, Sarah, John 
 
46 WEALTH OF THE WOKLD. 
 
 Jacob Astor, Woodbury, Walter, and Eugene. The daughters 
 are married to Robert Boreel, J. De Nottebeck, and Ma'thew 
 Wilks. John Jacob Astor Langdon died before his grand- 
 father. One of the sons married the daughter of Isaac Jones. 
 Mr. Langdon, the husband of Mrs. Langd>>n, died in 1840 ; he 
 was a man of fine talents, and was respected by all who knew him. 
 The names of the family will appear under their proper head. 
 
 The Lorillard family $20,000,000 
 
 In the early part of this century th*^re w^re four L^nllards in 
 this city : George, Peter, Blaze J., and Jacob. George and 
 Peter manufactured tobacco, and Blaze J. and Jacob were deal- 
 ers in leather. They were industrious, honest, and esteemed 
 by all who knew them, and their business was immense. Their 
 father, in 1797, was in the tobacco business at No. 30 Chatham 
 Street, the high road to Boston. The Hall of Records was then 
 a prison, and in it were confined half a dozen ihievt-s. At noon, 
 these thieves rushed from the prison, armed with pistols. Among 
 those who assembled to secure these escaped prisoners was Mr. 
 Lorillard. In this encounter he received a w«?uad, and 
 
 dropped dead in the street. This incident was given to the 
 writer by the venerable John L. Tillinghast, the assistant libra- 
 rian of the Law Library, who was born in 1785. 
 
 Mr. Lorillard was one of the original Huguenots or Protest- 
 ants, expelled from France by the superstition that destroyed 
 untold numbers. With the characteristic honesty, industry, and 
 ingenuity of his countrymen he constructed mills and manufac- 
 tured snuff and tobacco in a superior manner, and an early- 
 acquired fortune was his reward. 
 
 The four Lorillards had one half sister, Mrs. J. G. Coster, 
 and one half brother, D. Holsman. The mother of the Loril- 
 lards married Mr. Holsman after the death of her first husband. 
 George Lorillard died a bachelor. His will was offered for 
 probate after the law of the State cut off entails, and for this rea- 
 son, after ten j^ears' litigation, was set aside. By the will, 
 twelve nephews and nieces were to share nearly all of his im- 
 mense estate, amounting to $4,000,000, and as one died his share 
 did not descend to his own children, but it was to be divided on the 
 Tontine principle, and roll up as it descended to the other cous- 
 ins and brothers. The last living nephew or niece might have 
 had twenty millions, and this sum, large as it might have been, 
 was not to be divided for some years after the death of the last 
 heir. Mr. Holsman and Mrs. Coster were to receive only a few 
 thousand dollars. 
 
 Peter and Jacob were as wealthy as George, and it was the 
 policy of all to invest in real estate. Had the entire property of 
 
WEALTH 0¥ THE WORLD. 4:7 
 
 the three been kept togther, as was intended by the will of bach- 
 elor George, the increased value would have been equal to seven 
 per cent., and in 1843 twelve millions would have been increased 
 to twenty-four millions, and in 1854 the whole value would have 
 been forty-eight millions of dollars. 
 
 When the will of George was set aside by the Senate as the 
 Court of Errors (Coster v. Lonllard, 14 Wendell, p. 265), a new 
 question arose : Shall, or shall not, Mr. Holsman and Mrs. Cos- 
 ter, half brother and half sister, share equally with Peter, Jacob, 
 and Blaze, the last three being own brothers ? The decision 
 was in favor of an equal distribution, and Mr. Holsman and Mrs. 
 Coster received one lifth each of $4,000,000. 
 
 This question, which lawyers know to be an unsettled one in 
 many of the States, was finally decided on the principle of the 
 Roman law, made two thousand years ago, and was in 1830 
 adopted in our statute laws. It is not the law of Louisiana, but 
 her code was written by Livingston, a New York lawyer. Peter 
 Lorillard was the parent of five children : Peter, Jr., Mrs. Spen- 
 cer, Mrs, J. D. Wolfe, Mrs. T. A Ronalds, and a second Mrs. 
 Spencer. Capt. Spencer's first wife died ; he then married her 
 sister, and dying, left her a widow without children. Mr. and 
 Mrs. Ronalds are dead. 
 
 Mrs. Ronalds left five children : three sons, T. H. Ronalds, 
 Peter L., and Geo. L. Ronalds, and two daughters. The Hon. 
 F. A. Conkling, at one time a merchant of this city, and at this 
 time a member of the Assembly, married Miss Ronalds, and 
 Col. J. A. Thomas, who was assistant Secretary of State under 
 Marcy, married the other daughter. Col. Thomas died in Eu- 
 rope. 
 
 Mr. Lorillard Spencer is the only son of the first Mrs. Spen- 
 cer, and inherits all her share of her father's estate, and that 
 share received from the bachelor George in addition. 
 
 Jacob Lorillard left five children, Mrs. T. Ward, Mrs. Bailey, 
 Mrs, L. G. Morris, Mrs. G. P. Camman, and one son, Jacob. 
 The widow, and Mrs. Morris, and the son are dead. 
 
 Mr. D. Holsman died some years since, Mrs. Holsman yet 
 lives. The last of her generation, she is yet the life of her nu- 
 merous friends, admired equally for her talents and her disposi- 
 tion. Her children were one son and five daughters : Daniel, 
 Miss E. B. H., Miss J. H., Miss C. H., Miss M. L. H. and M. 
 M. C. Holsman. 
 
 Mr. Clement B. Barclay was the husband of Catharine ; Mr, 
 James Barclay and Mr. Frederick Wetmore, son of R. C, 
 Wetmore, married daughters of Mrs. Holsman. Mrs. C. B, 
 Barclay lost her life by the collision of the cars on the New 
 York and Philadelphia Railroad. 
 
48 WEALTH OF THE WOKLD. 
 
 Blaze Lorillard left one daughter, the wife of Mr. Bartow. A 
 son of Blaze, and brother of Mrs. Bartow, is drad, leaving two 
 sons, Blaze and George. 
 
 Mrs. J. C. Coster was the mother of ten children : John H., 
 Gerard H., Daniel G., George Washington, Henry A., Charles 
 R. ; Mrs. C. Ruhell, who with her husband resides in Paris ; 
 Mrs. G. L. Heckscher. Mrs. Berryman, and Henrietta T. ; the 
 last IS not married. Mrs. Berryman and her husband are dead ; 
 they left four children. One daughter is the wife of Mr. Schu- 
 chard. 
 
 Mr. H. G. Chad wick niarried the daughter of John H. Cos- 
 ter. The family are entered under their proper head. 
 
 Torlonia & Co., Rome $20,000,000 
 
 Percires, Paris 20,000,000 
 
 Thomas Hope, London 20,000.000 
 
 F. Marryat! Cuutts 20,000,000 
 
 J. J. Astor, Sen. (estate) 20,000,000 
 
 Stephen Girard, Pnilndelphia (estate) 15,000,000 
 
 Solomon Heine, Hamburg 15,000,000 
 
 This house is the correspondent of A. Belmont. 
 
 J. Figdor and Sons, Vienna 15,000.000 
 
 J. Lowenstein and Son, Vienna 15,000.000 
 
 Earl Cardigan, London 10,000,000 
 
 ■ Earl Cardigan, some years since, raised a troop of 600 men, 
 mainly at his own expense. At the commencement of the 
 Russian war he promptly left England for the scenes of conflict 
 in the Crimea. During one of the most severe battles an order 
 was sent to Earl C. to attack the Russian force. By some 
 accident this order was imt received by Earl C. till the chise of 
 the action, and' at the moment when the Russian army was con- 
 centrated at a short distance from the allied armies. Earl C. 
 regarded his own death as certain. He mentioned to his troop 
 that they had a perilous service to perform. In an instant they 
 dashed upon the Russian force and literally mowed a passage 
 through the entire army. When Earl C. reached a place of 
 safety, he had with him but one fourth of his men. This gal- 
 lant act has been immortalized by the touching lines of En- 
 gland's poet-laureate, and will be read in all coming time as a 
 parallel to the battle of Thermopylae. 
 
 Brown, Brothers & Co ^10,000,000 
 
 The Messrs. Browns are our leading men in all the charitable 
 institutions of our city. No men have relieved more suffering ; 
 no men are more esteemed. To promote the interests of this 
 
WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 49 
 
 city they invested half a million of dollars in the Collins line of 
 steamboats, and our government, with characteristic meanness, 
 fell from their contract, and the boats are rotting at the wharf. 
 
 Baring, Brothers & Co $10,000,000 
 
 Mr Joshua Bates and Russell Sturgis, partners in this house, 
 are Bostonians. No men stand higher. 
 
 Mr. Bates, in 1814, was one of the firm of Beckford & Bates, 
 in Boston, and they were assisted by Wm. Gray, Boston's great- 
 est merchant, and Mr. Bates was recommended by him to the 
 firm of B. B. & Co. 
 
 The writer of these lines has often read the sign of B. & B., 
 and has seen Mr. Bates and Wm. Gray walking arm-in-arm on 
 Boston 'Change. Mr. Bates was the umpire between the Brit- 
 ish and American governments to settle millions then in dispute 
 under the treaty of 1840. Under this treaty, the umpire awarded 
 to Mr. J. Fryeof this city, $100,000 taken from him twenty 
 years before, and wickedly withheld. 
 
 L. Behrens & Son, Hamburg $10,000,000 
 
 They are the correspondents of A. Belmont. 
 
 Mr. Corcoran. Washington 10,000,000 
 
 Miss B. Coutts, London 10,000,000 
 
 Dent & Co., Canton 10,000,000 
 
 Mrs. Gaines, New Orleans 10,000,000 
 
 J. C. Fremont 10,000,000 
 
 Overend, Gurney & Co., London 10,000,000 
 
 Jardine, Matherson & Co., Canton 10,000,000 
 
 This is the richest house in Canton. One partner lives in 
 princely style in Scotland ; one partner has recently died, and 
 one has recently followed from China to this city a beautiful 
 widow, and carried her from the circle of her devoted friends 
 back to Canton. 
 
 H. Mitchell", Kingston, Jamaica $ 1 0,000,000 
 
 A. Jones, Kingston, Jamaica . 10,000.000 
 
 Duncan, Sherman & Co 10,000.000 
 
 Cyrus Butler, of Providence, died a bachelor, and bequeathed 
 to A. Duncan, Sen., a fortune of five millions of dollars. The 
 acting partners are men of unusual talent and of rigid integrity. 
 Their names are entered under the proper head. 
 
 George Peabody, London $10,000,000 
 
 Mr. Peabody was born in Danvers, Mass., and laid the 
 foundation of his fortune in Baltimore. Mr. Peabody's business 
 yields him one million of dollars, one half of which he devotes 
 
 3 
 
50 WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 
 
 to charitable and scientific purposes. To Baltimore he has 
 given half a million of dollars, and to Danvers, we believe, be- 
 tween $50,000 and $100,000. Mr. Junius Morgan, his part- 
 ner, is a native of Hartford, Conn., and married the daughter of 
 the Rev. Mr. Pierpont, of Mass. 
 
 The partner of Mr. Peabody, while in Baltimore, was Mr, 
 Riggs, whose immense fortune is now enjoyed by his three 
 sons. 
 
 Messrs. Corcoran, Riggs, and Peabody made $5,000,000 by 
 the United States government loans. 
 
 Morrison & Dillon, London $10,000,000 
 
 S. Van Rensselaer, Albany 10,000.000 
 
 Stephen Whitney 10,000.000 
 
 W. W. Wynne, London. 10,000,000 
 
 Hottmguers, Paris 10,000,000 
 
 J. Cavan, London 10,000,000 
 
 Koningswarter & Co., Hamburg 10,000,000 
 
 Wertheimstein & Son, Vienna 10,000,000 
 
 A. T. Stewart 10,000,000 
 
 Mr. Stewart possesses a genius for trade that can not in this 
 country be surpassed. So recently as 1819 he was an assist- 
 ant in Mr. Bragg's school in Roosevelt Street. In the unusually 
 severe winter of 1857 he turned the basement of his store into 
 a kitchen, and fed all who were hungry. In the panic of 1857 
 he paid all his notes, if he owed any. Mr. Stewart owns real 
 estate, we believe, nearly equal in value to any person in this 
 city, and he is now^ negotiating for a lot on which to erect a store 
 larger than he now occupies. If our readers give us an oppor- 
 tunity to write again, we will give a sketch that will possess 
 more interest than tales of fiction. Mr. Stewart's history is not 
 the only one that will interest, and our work may possibly in- 
 duce young men to follow the example of such merchants. If 
 Mr. S. outlives Mr. Astor, he may be the richest man in the 
 city. He has no children, and has adopted none. In manners 
 Mr. S. is quiet and dignified ; he is regarded by all as a perfect 
 gentleman. Mrs. Stewart is beloved by all who claim her ac- 
 quaintance. 
 Commodore C. Vanderbilt . $10,000,000 
 
 His married daughters are Mrs. W. K. Thorn, Mrs. Horace 
 F. Clark, Mrs. D. Torrance, Mrs. N. B. Labau, Mrs. D. B. Al- 
 len, Mrs. Osgood, Mrs. Cross, and Mrs. Barker. 
 
 The Commodore built a steamboat that cost him half a million 
 of dollars, and in it he with his family visited nearly all Europe. 
 
WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 51 
 
 It is a singular fact, illustrative of superstition, that the Pope of 
 Rome was the only sovereign who did not bid him welcome. 
 Rome he could not enter. The wealth of the Commodore would 
 purchase half the territory of the Church. 
 
 The Pope has run away from Rome once, and if the Austrian 
 and French armies are withdrawn from Rome it is morally cer- 
 tain he will run away again. We advise him to sell his fix- 
 tures to the liberal Commodore immediately. Since superstition 
 united spiritual and temporal thrones, war has been the regular 
 business of all Europe. 
 
 At this moment all Europe is in commotion about a Pope. 
 Lombardy has confiscated the Church property, and the Pope 
 says it must be restored. Spain confiscated, and then restored 
 half of Spain. This war is a war of reformation. Relig- 
 ion never killed a man, but superstition has killed, historians 
 say, twenty millions of men. Science is destined to dispel 
 superstition and restore peace to a troubled world. Are we 
 safe ? 
 
 Mr. Vanderbilt has benefited the public by carrying them 
 over the world for half price, but he has benefited himself more 
 by running against rich corporations. The P. M. Company 
 paid him $700,000 every year to keep his thirteen steamboats at 
 the wharf. The Company, under this charge, were still able to 
 divide twenty-five per cent. The Commodore was not satisfied 
 with $700,000, and he has started his numerous boats, and now 
 intends to purchase all the stock of the P. M. Company at ten 
 cents on the dollar. 
 
 Who will not visit California, where they have strawberries 
 at New Year's — when we can go for fifty dollars 1 
 
 Oiie banker of this city is said to have lost $800,000 by the 
 Commodore's deep schemes, but he has $2,000,000 left. 
 
 Alexander Duncan ■ $6,000,000 
 
 of the firm of Duncan, Sherman &, Co. 
 
 Peter Lorillard (once called Junior) 6,000,000 
 
 Mr. Lorillard was in business with his father and his uncle 
 before their death, and was very wealthy ; he is nearly sixty 
 years of age, and still continues the business. He may be worth 
 double our figures. 
 
 James Lenox $6,000,000 
 
 Mr. Lenox is the son of Robert Lenox, who f-r fifty years 
 was the leading merchant and the leading philanthropist of the 
 city. Mr. Lenox owns sixty acres of land in the center of the 
 city. No man is more esteemed than Mr. Lenox. 
 
52 WEALTH OF THE WOELD. 
 
 Peter Harmony's nephews $6,000,000 
 
 consisting of three families : Suarez, Francia, and Garcia. 
 
 Hendricks, five families $6,000,000 
 
 S. Rogers, London ". 6,000,000 
 
 Mr, Rogers was more than eighty years of age at his death. 
 He was a banker, and was a poet of genius. A few years be- 
 fore his death his banking-house was entered by false keys and 
 his sale forced open, and half a million of deposits were re- 
 moved. Singularly enough, he was able to give the Baidc of 
 England the numbers of the missing bills, and new ones were 
 issued. Would our banks do the same 1 
 
 Nathaniel Thayer, Boston $5,000,000 
 
 Mr. Thayer was a grocer till invited by his brother to join his 
 banking-house. The writer has known Mr. Thayer all his life- 
 time ; a man of more talents and more honesty need not be 
 looked for. Mr. Thayer married the daughter of the present 
 Patroon of Albany. 
 John E. Thayer, an eminent banker (estate) $5,000,000 
 
 Mr. Thayer's first wife was the daughter of Ebenezer Francis ; 
 she died some years since, leaving one son only. This son died 
 after the death of his father, and before the death of his grand- 
 father. Mr. N. Thayer and the widow and one daughter now 
 have the immense estate of Mr. J. E. Thayer. Had the son 
 lived a few months longer he would have received an extra 
 million, and Mr. N. Thayer would have received the same from 
 him as his nearest heir, we suppose. 
 
 Mrs. Thayer, the widow, was the daughter of Mr. Granger, of 
 New Yo'k, and drives, when at home, four horses in majestic 
 style. Mr.s. Thayer is now in Europe with her daughter, not 
 yet two years of age, but is the possessor of a fortune of nearly 
 three hundred thousand dollars, the bequest of her father. 
 
 E. Corning, Albany $5,000,000 
 
 Mr. Corning never made a mistake in his life — except when he 
 ran for Congress. He paid Mr. Burden, of Troy, $600,000 for 
 the use of his patent. This was paid after five years' litigation 
 • and after making, for ten years, half the railroad spikes that 
 were used in this country, and we believe in Europe. Mr. 
 Corning made $1,500,000 by the Lake Superior Canal. Mrs. 
 Corning is celebrated for making splendid matches lor her 
 adopted daughters ; she is equally admired by men and ladies. 
 
 Spofford, Tileston & Co $5,000,000 
 
 The writer of this article knew these men in another State 
 
"WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 63 
 
 where they worked. Mr. A. Hemmenway, of Boston, is worth 
 $2,000,000, and he laid the foundation of his fortune in South 
 America. Spoiford, Tileston & Co. were his partners, and for 
 years furnished all the capital ; their profits were immense, and 
 the business was suspended only when all the parties had as 
 much as they wanted. 
 
 Mr. Hemmenway pays a personal tax in Boston on $800,000. 
 Mr. W. B. Astor paid a personal tax in New York, in 1857, on 
 only $755,000. We believe his father never paid a personal 
 tax on more than $1,000,000. Mr. H. married the daughter of 
 Thomas Tileston. When we have an opportunity of giving our 
 reasons why we believe the house of S. & P. to be worth more 
 than our mark, all will admit the correctness of our reasoning. 
 
 Henry Astor $5,000,000 
 
 Son of W. B. Astor, and the sole heir to his uncle Henry, 
 who died some years since at No. 61 Bowery Lane. 
 
 John Jacob Astor, Jr $5,000,000 
 
 His grandfather gave him a very liberal sum for his name. 
 
 Kingslands $3,000,000 
 
 John David Wolfe 5,000,000 
 
 Married a daughter of Peter Lorillard. 
 Lorillard Spencer 2,000,000 
 
 Grandson of Peter Lorillard. 
 
 G. Smith, Chicago 4,000,000 
 
 Grinnell, Minturn & Co 4,000,000 
 
 W. H. Aspinwall 3,000,000 
 
 Mr. Aspinwall succeeded to the immense business of the 
 Howlands, and had acquired a large fortune before California 
 gold was discovered. 
 
 Mr. A. was one of the early projectors of the Panama Rail- 
 road, which is gradually but surely changing the current of trade 
 from the East to the West. Asia and Europe have been inhab- 
 ited for untold ages, and camels have been, till lately, the public 
 carriers of their vast commerce. 
 
 Till De Gama, a Portuguese navigator, discovered the Cape 
 of Good Hope, in the fourteenth century, no vessel ever sailed 
 from Europe to Asia. Our national existence commenced in 
 1776 ; singularly enouah our railroad, which connects us with 
 Asia, was constructed before the Egyptian Railroad, which con- 
 nects Europe with Asia, was commenced. The Egyptian is not 
 yet completed, but twenty-five cars, manufactured in Springfield, 
 Mass., have been shipped from Boston for the Egyptians. If, 
 
54: WEAXTH OF THE WOELD. 
 
 according to the doctrines of the Spiritualists, the Pharaohs can 
 peep out of the time-defying pyramids, will they not be angry 
 that we have accomplished what they could not ? 
 
 In excavating for the Egyptian Railroad, a vase was found at 
 a great depth below the surface of the soil. This vase was 
 dated just eleven thousand years ago. This interesting fact is 
 well known to scientific men, and was related in a recent lee- 
 turn by the Rev. E. H. Chapin. 
 
 The river Nile, by its deposits, causes a ris^e in the soil of a 
 certain number of inches every century, and is unerring in its 
 almanac. Mr. Chapin stated that the publishers in this city of 
 the European work had left out the fact of finding of the vase, 
 for fear it would injure the sale of the book ! Are we receding 
 to the dark ages ? What desirable object can be promoted by 
 concealing from the world an important scientific and historical 
 fact ? We hope to resume the subject at another time. 
 
 A. & A. Lawrence (estate), Boston $3,0Q0,000 
 
 These were the most eminent men of their time. We shall 
 allude to them again. 
 
 Alsop & Chauncey $3,000,000 
 
 Made their money with Edwin Bartlett in Valparaiso. Mr. 
 Alsop received one million dollars from his uncle in Philadel- 
 phia. 
 
 Wm. Astor, son of W. B. A. $3,000,000 
 
 His father gives him twenty-five thousand dollars' salary to 
 attend to the business at the office in Prince Street. 
 
 J. Albert, Baltimore . $3,000,000 
 
 James Adger (estate), Charleston, S. C 3.000,000 
 
 Avenstein .. 3,000.000 
 
 Barton, Philadelphia 3,000,000 
 
 Butterfield & Brothers 3,000,000 
 
 They own immense factories in England. 
 James Boorman 3,000,000 
 
 By his exertions, the Hudson River Railroad was constructed. 
 Boorman & Johnson sold iron, and occupied a place in the front 
 rank of honorable merchants. 
 
 Stewart Brown $3,000,000 
 
 Of the firm of Brown, Brothers & Co. ; he married the daugh- 
 ter of Waldron B. Post. 
 
 E. B. Bigelow, Lowell $3,000,000 
 
WEALTH OF THE WOKLD. 55 
 
 Mr. B. receives three cents on every yard of Brussels carpet 
 made in England and in the United States. 
 
 Bischoff, Basel $3,000,000 
 
 Berikard & Hutton 3,000,000 
 
 This house has recently purchased the sugar-house in Duane 
 Street, and are erecting six magnificent stores. Mr. Benkard 
 has purchased the house recently owned by Mr. C. M. Parker, 
 in the Fifth Avenue. 
 
 Bethman, Frankfort $3,000,000 
 
 August Belmont 3,000.000 
 
 Mr. Belmont is a cousin of the Rothschilds, and recently re- 
 ceived nearly one million of dollars by the death of a relative. 
 Mr. Belmont married the daughter of Commodore Perry. He 
 has represented this country at the Hague, and is promised 
 another fat appointment if he continues to pay well, and if the 
 naughty Republicans don't get the disposal of the loaves and 
 fishes. As a banker, Mr. Belmont stands in the front rank ; he 
 is popular with merchants as well as politicians. 
 
 C. A. Bristed $3,000,000 
 
 Grandson of J. J. Astor, who gave him a large estate ; he mar- 
 ried the daughter of H. W. Brevoort. 
 
 James M. Beebe & Co., Boston $3,000,000 
 
 The Boston tax list for 1858 lies before the writer. In this 
 book Messrs. J. M. Beebe & Co. are taxed on $750,000 per- 
 sonal property. 
 
 The New York tax list for 1857, the only one ever published, 
 also lies before the writer. In this, Mr. W. B. Astor is taxed 
 on only $755,000. Are both of these correct ? 
 
 The tax in Boston is short of one per cent. ; in New York, in 
 1859, it will be two per cent. ! We intend to do for New York 
 the same that the Boston tax book does for Boston merchants. 
 Those who pay all they ought will find no fault with us. 
 
 Brown & Ives (estate). Providence, R. I $3,000,000 
 
 S. Colt 3,000,000 
 
 Mr. Colt's pistols are not like George's guns ; we are sorry to 
 say that Mr. Colt and his pistols have done mischief. No man 
 who has the blues should take one in his hand — it may go off. 
 
 J. Clarke & Co., Glasgow $3,000,000 
 
 Gebr. Benedict, Stutgard 3,000,000 
 
 J. P. Gushing, Boston 3,000,000 
 
 Married the daughter of the Rev. Dr. Gardiner, Mr. Cushing 
 
56 WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 
 
 made his fortune, in connection with the Messrs. Perkins, in 
 China. He is a man of rare tastes. After investing one hun- 
 dred thousand dollars in a garden at Wahham, he opened his 
 imitation paradise to all who pleased to wander m admiration 
 over it. If we ever have an attack of poetic inspiration, we may- 
 hazard a description of this garden. It seems strange, but it is 
 true, the Sepoys stole his peaches ! 
 
 Mr. Gushing then opened a new division of his garden, con- 
 taining exotics, and everything beautiful and rare, pine-apples, 
 and century plants, and said to the Boston Sepoys, take all you 
 please vi welcome. Not a peach was stolen. Persons who 
 visit Boston should visit a garden not equaled in the United 
 States What a world this would be if every rich man were a 
 Gushing ! 
 Chouteau, $3,000,000 
 
 No mt-n stand higher ; they made their money in the fur 
 business. The father of the senior partner owned half of St. 
 Louis when it was a village. 
 
 Peter Cooper, and Cooper & Hewitt $3,000,000 
 
 Cooper & Hewitt are graduates of Columbia College. Mr. 
 Hewitt married the only daughter of Peter Cooper, and Mr. 
 Cooper has but one son. Messrs. Cooper & Hewitt, are among 
 the largest manufacturers of iron in the United States. They 
 will contract (we think) to furnish the rails for the Pacific Rail- 
 road ten per cent, less than they can be imported from Europe. 
 How many thousand men would be employed in manufacturimg 
 them ? 
 
 If one class of politicians obtain a majority, our workshops 
 will be transferred to Europe. We shall then import fifty per 
 cent, more than we export, and the bank directors will be able to 
 get up a panic at short notice. 
 
 Can not Congress be induced to keep our workshops at home, 
 and our specie also ? A war would, by some, be regarded as a 
 blessing if it were to set in motion all the machinery of the 
 country. The first cotton factories were set in motion by the 
 war of 1812. We are preparing a sketch of the life of Peter 
 Cooper, and we have only room here to say that posterity will 
 regard him as a benefactor of his age. 
 
 General Lewis Cass $3,000,000 
 
 General Cass is a great man ; he is a rich man, and will be 
 an old man before he is President of the United States. General 
 Cass should have been President ; he meant to be President ; his 
 wealth and talents qualify him for the Presidency ; and he would 
 
WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 5Y 
 
 have been President if Van Buren had not deserted his party 
 and turned Republican, and then turned D«-mocrat again. We 
 Democrats shall never forgive Matty nor Horace Clarke for play- 
 ing on two fiddles at the same time. Politicians who work for 
 'patriotism and posterity must follow their file-leader to the lower 
 regions, if necessary. So said Johnny Cochran. 
 
 Would it not be melancholy for the country and our party if 
 John should arrive there. John is a genuine Democrat dyed in 
 the wool, and will stand. Van Buren and Horace Clarke are 
 Democrats and Republicans, " discoursing sweet music to all par- 
 ties" to obtain one election, and he forgotten. 
 
 We admire the perfect discipline of our friend Sew«rd, and 
 we are inclined to join his party. He has always gone straight 
 ahead, and we have no doubt he would go straight ahead if he 
 should fail into a well. 
 
 Cold water would have no terrors for him ; crying " The 
 higher law," he would sink more than once before he would 
 grasp a Democratic hand extended to save him from perdition. 
 
 Seward will be President if we can keep our fiddle tuned to 
 " The higher law''' pitch. If, in his patriotic endeavors to save 
 the country, he should drown himself, we will deliver a eulogy 
 on depar'ed greatness that shall bring tears from hearts of stone. 
 That we will. 
 
 Coates & Co., Scotland $3,000,000 
 
 Beverly Chew, New Orleans 3,000,000 
 
 Mrs. Gaines claims all of Chew's vast property. We have 
 read the reports of her numerous suits, and we think she is the 
 right owner. 
 
 Denistoun, Wood & Co $3,000,000 
 
 Wm. W. Deforest 3,000,000 
 
 Daniel Drew ^. . 3,000,000 
 
 Mr. Drew's Hudson River steamboats can't blow up, nor can 
 Daniel. 
 
 William Douglas $2,000,000 
 
 All we know against William is, he is a bachelor. When he 
 gets married — and it is never too late to repent — we shall place 
 him with our best men. Mrs. Cruger is his sister. 
 
 Hon. Hamilton Fish $3,000,000 
 
 Son of a Stuyvesant, and has represented the State in the 
 Senate of the United States. 
 
 Ebenezer Francis (estate), Boston 3,000,000 
 
 At his death, in old age, he had two millions of dollars depos- 
 
58 WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 
 
 ited in ten banks, and all of them, he was afraid, would fail, 
 Mr. J. E. 'I'hayer, N. Bowditch, and R. Mason married daugh- 
 ters. 
 New York Editors $3,000,000 
 
 The giants of virtue and literature are the editors of the 
 Tribune, Evening Post, Express, Commercial, Herald, Journal 
 of Commerce, New York Times, Lfedger, Home Journal, Sun, 
 and Dail}- News. These men are making money so fast that no 
 man can tell what they are not worth. We are too honest to 
 divide among coniending parties such immense spoils. When 
 the whales have taken their share, we hope they will peaceably 
 relinquish to the minnows all that remains. 
 
 As youvg America will expect some advice from the Nestor 
 of this wealth-distributing age, we will recommend to some of 
 these ambitious men to appear less frequently before our crim- 
 inal courts as defendants in libel suits. That's all. 
 
 Hickson VV. Field $3,000,000 
 
 Gandjause, Paris 3,000,000 
 
 D. S. Gregory 3,000,000 
 
 Garritt, Baltimore 3,000,000 
 
 George Griswold 3,000,000 
 
 Nathaniel Griswold (estate) 3,000,000 
 
 J. Beresford Hope, London 3,000.000 
 
 Harrison, Philadelphia 3,000,000 
 
 A man of eminent talents : made millions by constructing rail- 
 roads for the Emperor of Russia. In Russia, science is a rare 
 commodity, but superstition and white slavery abound. 
 
 Hoyt & Spragues $3,000,000 
 
 Edwin Hoyt married Miss Sprague, of Providence. Mr. 
 Hoyt's partners are Wm. Sprague, son of the late Amisa, and 
 Byron, son of William. 
 
 Thomas Hunt $3,000,000 
 
 Mr. Hunt was the owner of a steamboat that " weathered the 
 Cape," and arrived early at San Francisco. 
 
 William Niblo was a part owner of the Senator, and by this 
 boat only was Mr. Hunt's boat beaten. Mr. Hunt's boat burned 
 up all her coal, and the captain and crew landed at Cape Horn 
 and cut areen wood to steam the boat onward, and he, by the 
 generosity of Mr. Hunt, was richly rewarded. Mr. Hunt is 
 everybody's friend. He is building a palace to cost, it is said, 
 more than any one previously built in this city or in Brooklyn ; 
 also two houses for his daughters of almost equal magnificence 
 He is to be the next temperance candidate for Mayor. 
 
WEALTH OF THE WOELD. 59 
 
 Dr. Jacob Harsen $3,000,000 
 
 Owns the farm on which his grandfather lived at Blooming- 
 dale. For the special benefit of kind mothers, we here assert 
 that the Doctor is not married, and his affections are not en- 
 gaged. The Doctor owns more lots facing the new park than 
 any other man. 
 
 N. P. Howell, Sag Harbor $3,000,000 
 
 J. Howland & Co., New Bedford, Mass 3.000,000 
 
 Stockton 3,000,000 
 
 Peter Harmony (estate) 3,000,000 
 
 Higgins & Brothers 3,000,000 
 
 E. Howe, Jr 3,000,000 
 
 He assesses every man five to ten dollars for making a sewino-- 
 machine, if the manufacturer uses a needle with an eye at the 
 point ; for this needle he has a patent. 
 
 Moses Jenkins, Providence $3,000,000 
 
 Robert Jaffray & Sons 3.000,000 
 
 Isaac Jones (estate) 3,000,000 
 
 James Jones (estate) 3,000,000 
 
 John Q. Jones 3,000,000 
 
 Bradish Johnson, 3 Brothers, & Lazarus 3,000,000 
 
 Nicholas Low and Augustus Flemming 3,000,000 
 
 Their ancestors owned a rope-walk in Macdougal Street. 
 Many acres are now covered with elegant houses. The corner 
 lots on Bleecker and Macdougal streets, so long vacant, are soon 
 to be covered with splendid houses. 
 
 Rufus L. Lord $3,000,000 
 
 Owns a vast property in Exchange Street. 
 Mrs. D. Langdon $3,000,000 
 
 The daughter of John Jacob Astor, Sen. 
 R. Longworth, Cincinnati 3,000 000 
 
 If the lovers of good wine will purchase none but pure juice, 
 they will lessen the importation some millions, and prevent all 
 panics. 
 
 George Law $3,000,000 
 
 George is a giant. He sold all his steamboats to Moses Tay- 
 lor, M. O. Roberts, and C. A. Hecksher, three of our wise ones, 
 and then laughed at their folly. Four months after the sale, they 
 were not worth one half the price that he had received, and at 
 this moment the Commodore is threatening to annihilate the 
 
60 WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 
 
 $3,000,000 originally invested. George's two city railroads 
 will be worth four times their cost. The wise ones say he has 
 some guns that won't go off. Perhaps they can not prove 
 their assertion. We never testify without a fee. 
 
 Miller $3,000,000 
 
 Maitland, Phelps & Co 3,000,000 
 
 Morand Freres, Basle 3,000,000 
 
 Macondry & Co., San Francisco 3.000,000 
 
 John Mason (estate) 3,000,000 
 
 McDoiiough (estate) New Orleans 3,000,000 
 
 Mr. McDonough died without children. New Orleans, Balti- 
 more, and a few charitable institutions were his legatees. Im- 
 mediately after his death litigation commenced, and we believe 
 no person has yet received any part of his immense fortune. 
 
 James & Thomas H. Perkins (estate) . $3,000,000 
 
 The only son of James married Miss Callahan, and, dying, 
 left her with two children. Bishop Doane, of New Jersey, 
 married the widow. W. H. Gardiner, an eminent lawyer of 
 Boston, and Mr. W. F. Cary, merchant, of the firm of Gary & 
 Co., of this city, married daughters of T. H. Perkins. Mr. T. 
 H. Perkins founded an asylum for the blind, and Mr. James 
 Perkins was one of the leading men in all the charities in which 
 Boston was so much in advance of all other cities. 
 
 At the division of their copartnership property, Thomas Per- 
 kins gave to James Perkins a note for $1,600,000. This fact 
 was communicated to a friend of the writer by Dr. N. Bow- 
 ditch, of Boston. 
 
 Piatt & Brother $3,000,000 
 
 John Potter. Philadelphia 3,000.000 
 
 Russell & Co., Canton 3,000,000 
 
 E. Rijigs (estate) 3,000,000 
 
 Dr. Rush, Philadelphia 3,000,000 
 
 Married Miss Ridgway, now dead. 
 
 C. V. S. Roosevelt 3,000,000 
 
 W. C. Rhmelander 3,000,000 
 
 Lispenard Stewart married a daughter of Mr. Rhinelander, 
 and he has another of the same excellent quality. 
 
 Gerritt Smith $3,000,000 
 
 Mr. Smith gives away entire farms. True benevolence can 
 not go wrong. 
 
 Paul Spofford $3,000,000 
 
 Dr. Swaim (estate), Philadelphia 3,000,000 
 
WEALTH OF THE "WORLD. 61 
 
 P. Stuyvesant (estate) $3,000,000 
 
 J. L. & J. C. Stevens (estate) 3,000,000 
 
 Mr. J. L, Stevens was an eminent man, and is entitled to a 
 more lengthy notice than we can give in this number. 
 
 R. L. & A. Stuart $3,000,000 
 
 The rise of sugar, in 1857, gave them nearly $1,000,000. 
 By their charities they sweeten life ; by their sugar we sweeten 
 everything that nature has made bitter. What were colored 
 men made for ? Certainly not to make sugar ! 
 
 Amasa & William Sprague, Providence (estate). . . .$3,000,000 
 
 A man (a person turned away from Mr. Sprague's factory) 
 concealed himself behind a fence and fired a ball at Mr. Sprague, 
 and killed him instantly. The ball was covered with a piece of 
 newspaper, and the newspaper was found in the possession of 
 the murderer, and he was hung. 
 
 Slaman, Hamburg $3,000,000 
 
 SchuUer & Co., Vienna 3,000,000 
 
 David Sears, Boston .... 3,000,000 
 
 B. Simon Sma, Vienna 3,000,000 
 
 Mrs. Spencer 3,000,000 
 
 The daughter of Peter Lorillard. 
 
 Thomas Tileston 3,000,000 
 
 Tatham & Brothers 3^000,000 
 
 J. H. Talman •. 3,000,000 
 
 Once kent store at No. 214 Pearl Street. He owned four 
 hundred building lots in the new park, and has 1,700 out of the 
 park. His wife's father raised vegetables and inherited a small 
 city. 
 
 Winans & Son, Baltimore $3,000,000 
 
 Wiggin & Co., bankers, London 3,000,000 
 
 A son of one of this house married the daughter of James W, 
 Gerard. 
 
 Herman Thorn estate $3,000,000 
 
 In 1825, William Jauncey, possessing great wealth, was doing 
 business at No. 20 Wall Street. His name appears also in a 
 directory of 1797. Mr. Jauncey made a will May 28, 1825, a 
 copy of which the writer has seen. He had no children, but his 
 niece and adopted daughter, had previously married Herman 
 Thorn, To this niece, Jane Mary Thorn, he gave a yearly pay- 
 ment of $12,500; he also gave her a house in Broadway, and 
 
62 WEALTH OF THE WOELD. 
 
 one in New S reet, and all his English government bonds, all 
 his cash in the bank of Coutts & Co., etc. 
 
 To William Jauncey Thorn, son of his niece, he gave his 
 houses in Pearl and VVater streets, and $75,000 in money, and 
 made him residuary legatee. 
 
 To James Jauncey Thorn, son of his niece, he gave Nos. 20 
 and 22 Wall Street. The estates were probably worth $10,000 
 at that time, and now pay the interest of two or three hundred 
 thousand dollars. He also gave to James $75,000 in cash. 
 To Angelica Jauncey Thorn he gave $75,000, and to Jane 
 $50,000. 
 
 To Herman and Alice, born after the will was made, he gave, 
 by codicil, $50,000 each. To all the children of his niece, who 
 might be born, he gave $50,000 each. 
 
 He made numerous and highly judicious bequests, but no allu- 
 sion is made to Elm Park, at Bloomingdale, containing nearly 
 fifty acres, and now worth millions of dollars. His will was 
 proved Sept. 23, 1828, and we think he left a larger estate than 
 any perbon who had gone before him. William Jauncey Thorn 
 was requested, but not required, to drop the Thorn. Soon after, 
 and while residmg with his parents in France, he was thrown 
 from a horse and instantly killed, leaving no wife or child. 
 
 Mr. Thorn's son, Herman, was an officer in the Austrian 
 service, which he left to fight for his country in Mexico, and 
 died covered with honors. Eugene married Miss Hyslop, of 
 this city. Alfred married a musical lady of great geuius, and 
 died. Louis Depau, Count^Forisack, Mr. S. Fox, Jr., Mr. Kirk- 
 land, and Baron Pierres, married daughters. 
 
 Madame Pierres is at this time maid of honor to Eugenie, 
 Empress of France. The picture of the wife of Napoleon HI., 
 with all her maids of honor, may be seen at Goupil's, in Broad- 
 way. American beauty is intellectual beauly, and defies Euro- 
 pean competition. 
 
 The picture was painted for Napoleon HI. by Winterhalter, 
 the first painter of his age, and perhaps equal to any who ever 
 preceded him. The painter received $20,000 from the Em- 
 peror, and no money could purchase the original. 
 
 James Jauncey Thorn married, we think, in France, and died, 
 leaving a widow and children. The executors of William 
 Jauncey's will were Edward Antrobus, Baronet, John White, 
 captain in the British navy, both of London, and Thomas Bar- 
 clay, Esq., of New York, and John Rutherford, Esq., of New 
 Jersey. Colonel Thorn, it will be seen, inherits his immense 
 estate as heir-at-law of his children. This estate may be two 
 or three times as large as is represented by our figures. 
 
 The Colonel was of the same stamp as " the old English gentle- 
 
WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 63 
 
 man ;" he and his family are deservedly popular here and in 
 Europe. 
 
 Moses Taylor $3,000,000 
 
 Called, by many, the shrewdest man in New York. As 
 shrewd as he was, he did not see the approaching s orm in 
 1857, and he owed a little. Many merchants chalked $5,000,000 
 for their guess. We hope he has the whole. 
 
 Van Vorst (estate) $3,000,000 
 
 Miss Ward 3,000,000 
 
 The great-grandchild of John Jacob Astor. 
 John D. Wendel $3,000,000 
 
 His father made his money with John Jacob Astor, who was 
 the uncle of Mr, Wendel. Mr. Wendel has an entire square 
 connected with his house in the Fifth Avenue, next to the Reser- 
 A'^oir ; we believe no other man in the city has a similar resi- 
 dence. We commend his taste, and wish there were hundreds 
 lil<e his. ■ Will the wealthy make a note of this 1 
 
 James W. Wadsworth $3,000,000 
 
 Owns nearly a whole county. 
 
 W. S. Wetmore 3,000,000 
 
 Made his money in China. Mr. W. resides at Newport, and 
 has given to his friends an entertainment that cost more than any 
 other ever given in this country. He^ owns the marble building 
 extending from Wall to Pine streets. Mr. Wetmore has chil- 
 dren, and will probably leave $10,000,000. His nephew is the 
 leadmg partner of a house in the China trade. 
 
 John L. Aspinwall $2,000,000 
 
 James Arnold, New Bedford 2,000,000 
 
 J. W. Alsop 2,000,000 
 
 Charles F. Adams, Boston 2,000,000 
 
 Son of John Q. Adams, and grandson of John Adams, ex- 
 Presidents of the United States. 
 
 P. C. Brooks (estate), Boston $2,000,000 
 
 Peter C. Brooks acquired a large fortune in Boston in the in-, 
 surance business before there were any incorporated insurance 
 offices. 
 
 Mr. Adams, Edward Everett, and the Rev. Mr. Frothingham 
 married his daughters. Mr. Brooks, recently of the firm of 
 Davis & Brooks, in this city, was his son. 
 
 The letters of the wife of the first President Adams are ad- 
 
64 WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 
 
 mired for the graceful elegance of their style. The most in- 
 teresting of these letters were written at Richmond Hill, in 
 Charlton Street, and in the house so celebrated for its historic 
 associations, and for the eminent men who were at various times 
 its occupants. Near this house occurred a tragedy, the names 
 of the actors in which time has not, and may not ever, disclose. 
 
 Arnold, Constable & Co. $2,000,000 
 
 Thomas Allen, St. Louis 2,000 000 
 
 William Appleton, Boston 2,000 000 
 
 H. Brevoort (estate) 2,000,000 
 
 We b.elieve Mr. Pierre C. Kane, Mr. F. W. Coolidge, W. E. 
 Sedgwick, married daughters. In 1797, John Brevoort was a 
 merchant at No. 36 Maiden Lane, and Elias was a merchant at 
 No. 20 of the same street. The father of Henry, we believe, 
 owned a farm where the Brevoort House now stands. Messrs. 
 Carnes & Haskell have a deed of the Brevoort House, and this 
 deed has a vegetable basis. It smells of roses, sweet marjoram, 
 and lilacs, but not a particle of onion, 
 
 J. Burnside, New Oi leans $3,000,000 
 
 Since our four million men were all printed we have been 
 posted up, and are perfectly convinced that Mr. B. is a Peer of 
 the Red. In succeeding numbers he shall have his place. Mr. 
 Jesse Value is a valuable man ; as Mr. Bnrnside's partner, his 
 value is to be estimated by splitting the difference ; we dub him 
 a Peer. Our decrees are not to be reversed. 
 
 Burden, Troy $2,000,000 
 
 Mr. B. is one of the most ingenious men in this country. His 
 spike machine and his horse-shoe machine are worth millions. 
 Mr. B., in 1835, constructed a " water-bird or flying-fish" that 
 was to fly and to swim to Albany in two hours ; we have been in 
 it. What happened to it, and how it looked, we wdl tell you 
 next time, if you buy a book, 
 
 Edwin Bartlett $2,000,000 
 
 Made his money in Valparaiso with Alsop & Chauncey. His 
 place on the North River is more than a palace. 
 
 Nathaniel IngersoU Bowditch, Boston $2,000,000 
 
 Son of the eminent mathematician, and married the daughter 
 of E. Francis, Esq., deceased. Mr. B. is an eminent lawyer, 
 and does the business of the Life Oflice, of which Mr. Francis 
 was for twenty-five years its valued president. 
 
 Moses Brown (estate), Providence $2,000,000 
 
WEALTH OF THE WOULD. 65 
 
 Josiah Loring, . . $2,000,000 
 
 J. Carson Brevoort 2.000,000 
 
 Henry W. Brevoort 2,000,000 
 
 Bird & Giililan 2,000,000 
 
 S. Brewster 2,000,000 
 
 John Bryant, Boston ,. . . 2,000,000 
 
 Bryant & Sturgis owned the vessel in which Dana made his 
 three years' voyage before the mast. 
 
 Mrs. Bailey $2,000 000 
 
 Daughter of Jacob Lorillard. 
 
 W. H. Burrows estate $1,000,000 
 
 The partner of A. T. Stewart. There was not a more liberal 
 man in this city, nor is there one more respected. 
 
 B. Blanco $2,000,000 
 
 Becar (estate) 2,000,000 
 
 R. Boreel 2,000,000 
 
 Mrs. B. was the granddaughter of J. J. Astor, and daughter 
 of Mrs. Langdon, and owns the stores built on the site of the 
 City Hotel. 
 
 Japhet Bishop $3,000,000 
 
 Once of the firm of Wolfe & Bishop. 
 
 Brooks and Brothers $2,000,000 
 
 B. Brandreth 2,000.000 
 
 J. W. Beekman 2,000,000 
 
 Josiah Bradlee & Sons, Boston 2,000,000 
 
 Mr. Bradlee's son married the daughter of Perin May, and 
 received more than half a million. 
 
 Henry A. & J. G. Coster $2,000,000 
 
 By a directory, dated 1811, we find the firm doing business at 
 No. 26 William Street. Henry lived at No. 28 William Street, 
 and John G. at No. 227 Broadway. A part of the Astor House 
 now occupies No. 227 Broadway. The family of John G. we 
 have already given. Henry Coster was the father of two sons, 
 Henry and Washington, and five daughters, Mrs. Hamilton 
 Wilkes, Mrs. Robert Emmett, Mrs. Wm. Laight, Mrs. Francis 
 Buretta, and Mrs. Schermerhorn. W. B. Astor's son Henry 
 married a daughter of Mrs. Schermerhorn. After the death of 
 Mr. H. C, his widow was married to Dr. Hosack. She was 
 the mother of no children by the Doctor. Mr. Wilkes is dead. 
 
 Dr. Hosack, the eminent surgeon, is the son of the equally 
 
66 WEALTH OF THE WOKLD. 
 
 eminent father. The widow of Dr. Kerny Rogers is the sister 
 of the present Dr. Hosack. Dr. R. Rogers had a warm friend 
 in every person who knew him. 
 
 Mrs. John G. Coster (estate) $2,000,000 
 
 Cottinet, Atherton & Co 2,000,000 
 
 William F. Cary 2,000,000 
 
 Married the daughter of Thomas H. Perkins, of Boston. Mr. 
 Henry C. was the president of the Phoenix Bank till Thomas 
 Tileston was elected. 
 
 W. B. Crosby $2,000,000 
 
 Owns the Rutger estate. 
 John Cary ' $2,000,000 
 
 Married the daughter of W. B. Astor. 
 Dr. Camman . 2,000,000 
 
 Married the daughter of Jacob Lorillard. 
 
 Sir Samuel Cunard. 2,000,000 
 
 The Queen has just conferred a title on Samuel for owning 
 steamboats. We ourselves intend to confer titles on steamboat 
 owners ; We will make an admiral of Commodore Vanderbilt, 
 and commodores of the blue, and red, of all who run a boat with- 
 out drowning their passengers. 
 
 Aaron Claflin & Horace B. Claflin $2,000,000 
 
 These brothers belong to that Heaven-favored class, the class 
 that take excellent care of themselves. If it ever rains porridge, 
 or ready-coined eagles, their dishes will certainly be the right 
 side up. We advise all young men to work as these men have 
 worked, and a benignant Providence will smile on them. 
 
 Aaron Claflin, Lee Claflin, Bowker & Phipps, Micajah Pratt 
 & Co., Leonard Johnson & Co., Abner Curtis, Joseph Whit- 
 ney & Co., T. & E. Bachelder feed more men, women, and 
 children than any other eight persons in the United States. 
 
 There are no manufacturers in the world who live so com- 
 fortably, eat so good dinners, attend so good churches, and are 
 so well educated as the thousands of shoemakers of the New 
 England States. If any person doubts our assertion, he may- 
 ask our shoe friend, Henry Wilson, the senator to Congress from 
 Massachusetts. The writer has frequently shaken this man's 
 honest Republican hand and received some of the Republican wax 
 that stuck to his fingers. Gold would not have been half so 
 sticking. 
 Cary, Howard & Sanger, & Josiah Oakes $2,000,000 
 
WEAXTH OF THE WOKLD. 67 
 
 Mr. Gary possesses genius of a high order. The writer 
 knew him early, and in another city. His early partner, Mr. 
 Josiah Oakes, equally well known to the writer, was a valuable 
 architect in constructing fortunes, and the height and the beauty 
 of their respective temples must be decided by those who come 
 after the writer. Success to enterprise, is our motto. 
 
 Richard F. Carman $2,000,000 
 
 A man who knew Dick when he made boxes with his own 
 hands, would like to tell a story about him ; but how do we know 
 that any person will read what we write ? 
 
 James Dedion $2,000,000 
 
 Married Mrs. McCarty, sister of the wife of Eugene Keteltas. 
 
 R. B. Dawson (estate) $2,000,000 
 
 Franklm A. Delano 2,000,000 
 
 Married the daughter of W. B. Astor. 
 
 J. Dennistoun 2,000,000 
 
 Donaldson (estate) 2,000.000 
 
 Amos R. Eno 2,000,000 
 
 Owns the hotel on Madison Square. 
 
 W. Fellows 2,000.000 
 
 Mrs. Eliza M. Fonerden 2,000,000 
 
 Sole heir of the Spingler estate. 
 
 W. P. Furness 2,000,000 
 
 D. B. Fearing 2,000,000 
 
 A large owner of Trinity Building. 
 
 Francia 2,000,000 
 
 Nephew of Peter Harmony. 
 
 J. M. Forbes, Boston 2,000.000 
 
 Mr. Gladstone, London 2,000.000 
 
 Mr. Gladstone is the youngest son of a peer of England. The 
 London Saturday Review says that " Mr. Gladstone is the first 
 orator in England — that is, he is the first orator in the world. 
 His industry and energy are immense, and his political informa- 
 tion is equal to his industry and energy. His courage is equal 
 to any undertaking, quails before no opposition, and suffers no 
 abatement in defeat. He is the most brilliant and original, if not 
 altogether the safest financier of a great commercial country. 
 His reputation for integrity is surpassed by that of no public 
 man. On the contrary, all who act with him or have intercourse 
 
68 WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 
 
 with him are struck with the essential simplicity of his charac- 
 ter and his thorough singleness of purpose." 
 
 The editor of the London Saturday Review has never visited 
 Congress, nor any of our State Legislatures, when in session. 
 We will not admit that Edward Everett is, in any of the ele- 
 ments of an orator, inferior to any man now on tlie stage, nor to 
 any who has preceded him. A benignant Providence bestows 
 favors on all classes, and aJl countries, and all ages. To b»ing 
 out tiients and bestow opportunities of signalizing men, is the 
 special privilege of great commotions. 
 
 The French Revolution and the American Revolution brought 
 out men who were not surpassed — they had not been (-qualed — in 
 all that great intellectual power can achieve. Progress is eternal. 
 
 The books of science — the works of surpassing genius — that 
 had not been written when the world was last in commotion, are 
 now the daily food of the intellectual gormand. 
 
 Science has opened realms, of which ancient sages, and 
 prophet-?, and Shakspeares, with all their powers of imagination, 
 never dreamed. 
 
 A more beautiful charge never came from the lips of man — 
 any man — than was recently delivered by a judge of one of our 
 courts in a recent murder trial. The tribute paid to Dr. Dore- 
 mus, and to science, tells us of the blessings conferred on man. 
 No man of sensibility can read the charge without the tribute of 
 a tear. When thoughts and words of surpassing beauty reach 
 the heart, and find an echo there, they claim all the merit that 
 intellect, and iiighest genius, and the most perfect scholarship 
 can claim. Admiring crowds, held in breathless silence, testi- 
 fied t'O painfully the impression made on sorrowing hearts. 
 Deep emotion found relief only when words ceased to flow. 
 High intellectual powers and the perfection of language are the 
 boon bestowed on hundreds, if not on thousands ; no man can 
 fairly claim them for a single individual, to the exclusion of all 
 others. 
 
 To conceive beautiful thoughts — to express them extempo- 
 raneously in beautiful language — to use only the most appropriate 
 word in its most appropriate place — is, we assert, the highest 
 and best gift of the Deity. 
 
 The possession of the power, when it is liberally bestowed, 
 is the clear evidence whence it comes ; we know that God has 
 placed it there. Whence comes the superstition about which 
 men quarrel, hate, and kill each other 1 D es it come from 
 those who gravely argue that Hottentots and Bushmen are all 
 Gladstones and Everetts 1 Is the difiusion of truth, scientific 
 truth, in opposition to exploded dogmas, of any benefit to the 
 intellectual world ? Or is our view wrong ] 
 
WEALTH OF THE WOELD. 69 
 
 The editor of the London Review is wrong in monopolizing 
 for one man all of Heaven's best gifts — perhaps ! 
 
 Griswold $2,000,000 
 
 E. H. Gillilan & Brother 2,000,000 
 
 Jasper Grosvenor (estate) 2,000,000 
 
 Peter Goelet & Brother 2,000,000 
 
 Seth Grosvenor (estate) 2,000,000 
 
 M. Garcia 2,000,000 
 
 Nephew^ of Peter Harmony. 
 
 Grigg, Philadelphia 2,000,000 
 
 Our correspondent informs us that Mr. Grigg is called one of 
 the richest men in Philadelphia. Mr. G. is the father of Mrs. 
 Fry, whose i7Z-assorted marriage has caused so much scandal. 
 We recommend to,.the parties to U7itie the matrimonial k7iot im- 
 mediately ; the result will be a virtuous life — a life that will 
 restore peace to an afflicted circle. Matching, not pairing, is 
 the highest boon that Heaven can bestow. 
 
 If an evil spirit wished to turn the world into a desert, he 
 would commence by instituting a privileged class of men without 
 wives, and end by filling the world with women without hus- 
 bands. The world would soon be full of Turks, and civilization 
 would recede, as it did recede for ten centuries. Monks, with- 
 out wives, are the sores that indicate the corruption concealed 
 for a time, but not cured. He who does not know this, has 
 not reached the alphabet in his study of human nature. If the 
 world are to rely on supernatural aid to keep us pure, and are 
 allowed to discard healthy influences, life will soon be as animal 
 as it was in the dark ages. One man (we will not name him) 
 has done more to keep from desecration the altars at which we 
 worship than all the laws that canonists ever made. 
 
 The New York Times, of March 31, 1859, has an article 
 copied from the London Times, in which the writer expresses 
 great surprise that we in this country should resort to the re- 
 volver to settle difficulties that occur every week in Europe, and 
 are ended there by calling for the aid of an attorney. 
 
 We will inform the London editor that he kipiws nothing of 
 the purity of our altars, and can know nothing while he lives 
 where they can legally desecrate theirs. 
 
 A man in England can keep his mistress in his own house, 
 and if his wife is faithless in a single instance, even by his own 
 contrivance, he can claim a divorce. Lawyers are familiar with 
 these facts, but for fear that they may have forgotten the place, 
 we refer them to the ;uit of Corbitt v. Poelnitz, 1 T. R., 5, and 
 in Howard v. HefFer, 3 Taunf. P., 421, where it was decided 
 
TO WEALTH OF THE WOELD. 
 
 •' that the fact of the husband keeping a courtesan under his own 
 roof with his wife, was not a sufficient cause to justify the wife 
 in abandoning him !" A man in England ca.n Jiog his wife with 
 a stick the size of his thumb. 
 
 Persons not familiar with these subjects can borrow the New 
 Lawyer and read the article on marriage and divorce, page 267, 
 and they will no longer be in doubt why our social altars are but 
 rarely desecrated. 
 
 In New York, and fortunately in most of our States, a man 
 can not commence a suit against his wife if his own hands are 
 not stainless. 
 
 Not so in England. By a recent law, made for facilitating 
 divorce, the very cases that we have referred to are adopted as 
 their statute law. Will any person tell us that our laws are no 
 better than theirs ? A woman has no property, can have no 
 property of her own, in England. Females here are our peers, 
 equal in rights, equal in the power of holding independent 
 estates, equal in intellect, equal in education, and vastly our su- 
 periors in virtue. 
 
 Such are the virtues and the intelligence of this age, that our 
 juries have taken a step in advance of the laws and refused to 
 convict when the morals of the time approve the act for which 
 the delinquent is brought before them. We thank them for this 
 innovation. We know of but one step more to make our domes- 
 tic altars what Divinity would make them. We would arm the 
 wife with full power to dispose of a faithless, polluted, life-de- 
 stroying appendage. This innovation will bless the world when, 
 and only when, fifty-two thousand men in France, and forty-five 
 thousand in Spain, and many thousands in this country — an in- 
 dependent class, elected by no society, owing allegiance to 
 an earthly potentate only — are' compelled to marry, or to abdi- 
 cate. 
 
 It is not known to our readers that one of the most horrid 
 murders recorded in an English court grew out of an incident 
 much like ours at Washington, and in which was implicated an 
 animal who claimed a high and holy calling. There are crimes 
 that no laws can redress, and there are crimes which to allow a 
 man to commit with impunity, is to desecrate domestic altars 
 and to make both man and woman vile. 
 
 Did the Boston jury convict the pastor that, like a breechy an- 
 imal, broke into every man's pasture? He carried the lady 
 parishioner with him to his lectures, and this luxury was, in his 
 overflowing kindness, bestowed on all of his lady congregation. 
 Was this animal invited to lecture before an audience of young- 
 and virtuous persons of both sexes in this city while his hands 
 were yet dropping filth ? A man with a passport in his pockety 
 
WEALTH OF THE WOULD. 71 
 
 signed by superstition, could commit any crime in a supersti- 
 tious age without the fear of punishment. 
 
 An animal of that stamp could not be brought before a crim- 
 inal court ; but a judge of a civil court could be brought before 
 a bishop's court and hurled from his office by canon law. iVIen 
 commit the crimes, and women suffer. Had the shnple hus- 
 band in Boston placed some of Dupont's best behind a leaden 
 pill, and had fire from heaven or from a percussion-cap ignited 
 the sulphur and charcoal, while the muzzle of a revolver was 
 near the thick skull of the animal, would the elevation and puri- 
 fication of domestic life — the altar at which virtue must ever 
 worship — been promoted ? Yes, or no, is the only answer. 
 
 The pure morals of this age owe nothing to past or present 
 superstition. They owe all to pure religion, to wise laws, to an 
 elevated and pure judiciary, to intelligence widely diffused, to 
 the prevailing and increasing disbelief in the supernatural, and 
 to thorough education. 
 
 Mr. Gray $2,000,000 
 
 Married a daughter of M. Griswold, 
 
 G. M. & Thos. Gibbes 2,000,000 
 
 John Jacob Astor, the son of W. B., married the daughter of 
 T. Gibbes. 
 
 John C. Green $1,000,000 
 
 Married Miss Griswold ; he made his money in Canton. 
 
 Moses H. Grinnell $2,000,000 
 
 Henry Grinnell 2,000,000 
 
 Mr. Grinnell told our government that he considered them too 
 mean to do anything for the glory of the country, and for that 
 reason he would pay the expenses of fitting out Dr. Kane for his 
 polar voyage. What are governments for, if they can not pay 
 for s\xq]\ jobs as Kane's, Field's, and Cooper's ? 
 
 Haven & Co $2,000,000 
 
 Mr. Haven, of this firm, married the daughter of Mr. Griswold. 
 
 Peter Hayden $2,000,000 
 
 J. Hunt (estate) 2,000,000 
 
 Wade Hampton (estate), Columbia, S. C 2.000,000 
 
 John Haggerty 2,000.000 
 
 C. A. Heckscher & Co 2,000,000 
 
 T. Hoppin, Providence 2,000,000 
 
 A. Hemmenway, Boston 2,000,000 
 
 More in our next number of Mr. H. 
 
72 "WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 
 
 Harbeck & Co $2,000,000 
 
 R. Ives (estate), Providence 2,000,000 
 
 J. B. Johnston and A. Norie 2,000,000 
 
 Anna Jenkins (estate), Providence 2,000,000 
 
 D. Jayne & Son, Philadelphia 2.000,000 
 
 Bradi.-,h Johnson 2.000,000 
 
 Eugene Keteltas 2,000,000 
 
 Joseph Kernochan ' 2,000,000 
 
 Delancy Kane 2,000,000 
 
 Married a niece of W. B. Astor. 
 
 Ketchum, Howe & Co. . . 2,000,000 
 
 Ambrose C. Kingsland 2,000,000 
 
 Ex-Mayor : married the daughter of Geo. Lovett. 
 
 D. C. Kingsland 2,000,000 
 
 E. King 2,000,000 
 
 R. King, Albany ' 2,000,000 
 
 Robert Lenox (estate) 2,000,000 
 
 A man of eminent talents and unusual integrity, and descended 
 from nobility, as -we will show in another number. He left an 
 estate so Iwrge that all the accumulation was to be given away ; 
 this was the express condition of the will, and has been rigidly 
 obeyed by Mr. James Lenox. Mr. Robert Lenox's estate was 
 $2,000,000, but the same being in real estate, is now worth two 
 or three times the original value. ^ 
 
 Robert Kennedy (estate) . $2,000,000 
 
 Mrs. K. was a Lenox. 
 
 Robert L. Kennedy 2,000.000 
 
 James Donaldson (estate) 2,000,000 
 
 James Donaldson 2,000,000 
 
 Mrs. Donaldson w^as a Lenox. 
 
 Maitland (estate) 2,000,000 
 
 Mrs. Maitland was a Lenox. 
 
 R. L. Maitland 2,000 000 
 
 J. W. Maitland 2,000,000 
 
 Belknap 2,000,000 
 
 Mrs. Belknap was a Lenox. 
 
 William Banks (estate) 2 000,000 
 
 Mrs. Banks was a Lenox. 
 Jacob & Edward Little ,000,000 
 
WEALTH OF THE WOELD. 73 
 
 When we have time to sketch a remarkable man, we shall 
 take Jacob for our text. 
 
 There was a time when priA^ate individuals did the express 
 business for the country ; they filled their pockets with letters, 
 and carried large packages of bank bills in their hands. In this 
 way the writer once brought an immense package of money to 
 Jaci>b from Boston. At this moment the daily deposits of Jacob 
 in bank compare with the Rothschilds of London. The year 
 that Schuyler knocked all stocks into a cocked hot, Jacob made 
 $1,800,000 ! Nobody ever lost one cent by Jacob, except when 
 they gambled. Jacob always holds the ace of trumps. Gam- 
 blers will make a note of this. 
 
 David Leavitt $2,000,000 
 
 David imported a cargo of General Jacksons, Benjamin Frank- 
 lins, and Thomas Jeffersons, all made of lead. The wicked gov- 
 ernment officers tried to make David pay duties on the lead, and 
 they went so far as to suggest the possibility that David placed 
 in a fiery furnace our consecrated -pairiois. Works of art are free 
 of duty, and David knew it ; he was right in not paying. 
 
 If a man wants to make money, he must read law-books, such 
 as Reuben Vose's New Lawyer and Law for the People. The 
 first volume of this work is now published, and will be followed 
 by one volume on the first of May each year. Ex-Judge Capron, 
 Montgomery Gibbs, Ex-Judge Henry M. Hyde, George C. Gibbs, 
 counselors-at-law, are the editors, and but few men are found in 
 this city who are doing more business. The talented editors have 
 answered 488 law questions — just such questions as every mer- 
 chant is constantly calling on his lawyer to have answered. The 
 first edition is sold, and the second is nearly ready for delivery. 
 To increase the circulation of a work that is to appear every year, 
 we offer to give 100 copies to 100 persons who will answer No, 
 374 of the questions. 
 
 The question is, " What lawyer delivered the speech from 
 which the extract in the New Lawyer is taken ?" If answered 
 correctly by a student, or by any person under twenty-one years 
 of age, we will give him two copies. We hope the speeches of 
 lawyers will be in demand ; there is no better reading, even 
 in this ascetic age. 
 
 There is not an editor in the State who has seen the New 
 Lawyer that has not spoken well of the plan and of the execu- 
 tion of the work. 
 
 The New Lawyer contains 480 pages, and is published by 
 Johnson & Browning, successors to J. H. Colton, 172 William 
 Street, and by Reuben Vose, No. 42 Cedar Street. 
 
 For the benefit of merchants — and it is for them that we 
 
 4 
 
74 WEALTH OF THE WOKLD. 
 
 Avrite — we will here state that Benkard & Huttoii recently sold 
 French prints at auction badly damaged. They had inserted in 
 their terms of sale, " no deduction for manufacturers' imper- 
 fections." The defendants in this case, Messrs. Rushmore, 
 Cone & Co., refused to take the goods, and a suit was brought 
 by Benkard &L Hutton for the full price of the prints. Many of 
 our first lawyers were in doubt as to the legal and the trade in- 
 terpretation of the words manufacturers^ imperfections or damage. 
 Mr. Capron entertained no doubt, and he advised his clients to 
 stand on their rights and refuse payment, and he obtained for 
 them a verdict of vast importance to the merchants of this city 
 and of the whole country. The decision has fixed the fact that 
 at auction all may be sure of honest treatment, 
 
 W. Beach Lawrence $2,000,000 
 
 Mr. Lawrence is one of the most active members of the New 
 York Historical Society. No merchant should omit to join a 
 society which has contributed so much to the advancement of 
 science and to the diffusion of authentic history. 
 
 In coming times, the evidence of our rapid progress in wealth 
 — of our political and religious freedom — of the justice of our 
 laws — of the purity of our judiciary — are to be based on authen- 
 tic history, or they will exceed belief. Mr. George H. Moore, 
 Librarian of the Historical Society, and Mr. David T. Valentine 
 have contributed largely to our authentic annals. We acknowl- 
 edge our obligations to them. 
 
 Lord & Taylor $2,000,000 
 
 Walter Langdon 2,000,000 
 
 Woodbury Langdon 2,000,000 
 
 Both the latter are grandsons of John Jacob Astor, Sen. 
 
 George Lovitt $2,000,000 
 
 Ex-Mayor Kingsland and Mr. Gillender married his daughters. 
 
 Lane, Lamson & Co $2,000,000 
 
 Mulford Martin 2,000,000 
 
 Mr. Martin made half his fortune by regular business, and the 
 other half came from owning a farm in Brooklyn. Mr. Martin's 
 word is as good as his bond. We wish there were more such 
 men. 
 
 L. G. Morris $2,000,000 
 
 Married the daughter of Jacob Lorillard. 'Mrs. Morris is dead. 
 
 Moffat $1,000,000 
 
 G. N. Miller 2,000,000 
 
WEALTH OF THE WORLD. Yo 
 
 John Munroe & Co $2,000,000 
 
 Bankers in New York and Paris. Mr. J. Munroe married the 
 
 daughter of Andrew T. Hall, Boston. 
 
 Mora Brothers & Navarro $2,000,000 
 
 This house has paid $1,000,000 in duties to the New York 
 
 Custom-house in one year on sugar from Cuba alone. Moses 
 
 Taylor and Spofford & Tileston have probably paid $2,000,000. 
 
 How much will the country be assessed when we have paid for 
 
 Cuba? 
 
 Morse & Field & Jackson $2,000,000 
 
 We confidently believe that Congress and the country will 
 confer on these men more than our figures. We can name many 
 men to whom the world is deeply indebted, but none in Europe 
 or in this country have clauns to be compared with theirs. 
 More in succeeding numbers. 
 
 Matthew Morgan & Sons $2,000,000 
 
 Charles Morgan 2,000,000 
 
 R. M. Mason, Boston 2,000,000 
 
 Son of Jeremiah Mason, the eminent New Hampshire lawyer 
 — married the daughter of E. Francis. 
 
 Robert B. Mmturn $2,000,000 
 
 Sydney Mason 2,000,000 
 
 Charles H. Marshall 2,000,000 
 
 S. Norsworthy (estate) 2,000,000 
 
 Silas M. Stilwell married the daughter of Mr. S. Norsworthy. 
 Mr. Stilwell was the author of the Stilwell Act, which was a 
 non-imprisonment act. This State, and the whole country, are 
 deeply indebted to Mr. Stilwell for the earliest and best act in 
 the whole progress of our humane legislation. Do all the world 
 know that in Rome, five hundred years after the introduction of 
 Christianity, a debtor was the slave of his creditor 1 The 
 debtor and his who e family could be sold to slavery ! 
 
 For eight hundred years after the introduction of Christianity, 
 no man could make a will ; the Church took the whole estate 
 for the benefit of the soul of the departed ! 
 
 There was no legal marriage till the twelfth century, when it 
 was made a sacrament by Pope Innocent III, Concubmage pre- 
 ceded matrimony twrlve centuries ; during this time no woman 
 was a wife in the modern sen^e of the term. 
 
 A man could leave a wife when he pleased ; she had no re- 
 course in law nor in the Church. We assert that no law, and 
 no decision of any court, can be found for the. protection of fe- 
 
76 WEALTH OF THE WOELD. 
 
 male virtue and her marriage rights, for the first twelve hundred 
 years of the Christian era and of Catholic rule. 
 
 The Emperor Charlemagne had nine wives before marriage 
 was made a sacrament ; and Henry VIII. had six after marriage 
 was a sacrament. What was the fate of fifteen queens when 
 monks and canon law ruled all Europe ? If the wife was faith- 
 less, as the husband always was, she was burned to death ! This 
 was canon law, 
 
 Henry VIII. sent to the block two queens on the charge of 
 being impure before he married them ! These charges were not 
 believed. Who believes — who can believe, that Anne Boleyn, 
 the mother of Queen Elizabeth, was not chaste both before and 
 after marriage ? 
 
 In England, for ten centuries, lords of the manor had priv- 
 ileges with the daughters of the occupants of their soil, even 
 after the marriage of these daughters, to which we are not al- 
 lowed to allude. The readers of law-books know what we mean. 
 Are our in>titutions any better than the institutions that existed 
 when saints abounded, and when Galileo was in the Inquisition ? 
 Every man who, like Mr. Stilwell, assists to raise civilization 
 above the barbarism of the ascetic ages — when monks ruled the 
 world, and when mankind were, by ignorance and superstition, 
 molded into worse than wolves and tigers — should be remem- 
 bered while he lives, and have a monument erected to his mem- 
 ory when lie dies. Have law-makers, or have ascetics made 
 the world what it is '? Do we not now enjoy all that renders life 
 and property secure — all that sweetens and elevates social ex- 
 istence — all that raises equally, man and woman, almost to a com- 
 munion with God, while yet on the footstool of omnipotence ? 
 More of this subject if the writer outlives Mr. Stilwell. 
 
 Millandon (estate). New Orleans $2,000,000 
 
 S. J. Peters (estate), New Orleans 2,000,000 
 
 J. J. Phelps 2,000,000 
 
 J. N. Phelps 2,000,000 
 
 Royal Phelps 2,000,000 
 
 George D. Phelps 2,000,000 
 
 A. G. Phe'ps (estate) 2,000,000 
 
 A. G. Phelps, Jr. (estate) 2,000,000 
 
 Phelps, Dodge & Co. . 2,000,000 
 
 Daniel Parish . 2,000,000 
 
 Susan M. Parish 2.000.000 
 
 P. F. W. Peck, Chicago, ]J1 2,000,000 
 
 Peter Pai ker, Boston 2,000,000 
 
 James Parker, Boston 2,000,000 
 
 C. M. Parker 2,000,000 
 
WEALTH OF THE WOKLD. 77 
 
 Sons of John Parker, Boston, who never took but six per 
 cent., and never lost a dollar, 
 
 Charles H. Dabny ; Carpenter & Vermilye ; Grant 
 
 & Barton ; and Gibbs, Watson & Gibbs $2,000,000 
 
 These private bankers are in the front rank of virealth and re- 
 spectability. Mr. C. H. Dabny is of the house of Duncan, 
 Sherman & Co. The writer knew Mr. Dabny when, at twen- 
 ty-one years of age, he married the daughter of Mr. Alexander 
 Jones, of Providence, R. I. At this early time Mr. Dabny was 
 the prime minister of Alexander Duncan, who had just received 
 from Mr. C. Butler a fortune of $6,000,000, and half a dozen 
 cotton factories. 
 
 Carpenter & Vermilye are known by the name of the honest 
 bankers ; they have made an immense fortune by half per cents, 
 without risk. 
 
 Grant & Barton succeeded to the business of Suydam & 
 Jackson, and supplied our government with Indian blankets and 
 Indian beads, and by charging the modest profit oi .one per cent., 
 accumulated a fortune in a few years. Their banking business 
 is immense. 
 
 Mr. Grant married the daughter of Mr. Suyclam and Mr, Bar- 
 ton married the daughter of the wealthy Timothy Whittemore. 
 
 Gibbs, Watson & Gibbs advanced by degrees to their present 
 high position. From their early business with two clerks, they 
 have, since known by the writer, increased their business till ten, 
 or more, are now employed in their extensive banking-house. 
 In the panic of 1857 these banking-houses extended to others 
 the aid so much needed by smaller houses. 
 
 The collection business of Gibbs, Watson & Gibbs yields for- 
 tunes. The merchants who have millions, and those who 
 expect to make millions {and there is nothing easier if they pur- 
 chase our looks and follow our directions), will do well to culti- 
 vate an acquaintance with these bankers. In our disinterested 
 benevolence, we intend to show exactly how all our rich bankers 
 and rich merchants made their money, 
 
 Richard Mortimer & John Mortimer $3,000,000 
 
 D. Hoadly; Alexander Studwell ; Martin; and 
 
 John Studwell 2,000,000 
 
 Heckers 2,000,000 
 
 These men gave to the poor and hungry 2,500 pounds of bread 
 every day for one entire winter. Was not this charity more ju- 
 dicious than giving the same amount to missionaries for preach- 
 ing sermons to Sepoys, thick-skulled Chinamen, and Japanese, 
 who have no word in their language that means matrimony ? 
 
78 
 
 WEALTH OF THE WOELD. 
 
 We will never use the word charity in our books without calling 
 the name of Heckers. We believe these men make between 
 300 and 400 barrels of flour, farina, and other delicacies every 
 day in the year, Sundays excepted. We wish we knew person- 
 ally men, whom to know would reflect so much cred'it on book 
 publishers. We shall eat the luxuries that they manufacture as 
 long as grocers sell on tick. 
 
 As charity is our text, we will speak of J. W. Farmer, who 
 gave dinners, good, wholesome dmners, during the severe win- 
 ter of 1857, to all who came to eat them. This mechanic de- 
 serves the thanks of every merchant in the city. We believe he 
 is a plumber. No. 248 Broome Street. We hope professors will 
 inquire for this moral man. What are the acts of our hfe that 
 reflect the most credit on the individual, on society, on professing 
 classes, and on millionaires 1 
 
 Josiah Quincy & Josiah Quincy, Jr., Boston $2,000,000 
 
 Two remarkable men : the father aged eighty, the son aged 
 fifty. The elder is, not was, a statesman, patriot, orator, specu- 
 lator, and gentleman. He was Mayor, President of Harvard 
 College, member of Congress, a leading Federalist, judge of a 
 court, and a lawyer, etc. 
 
 At a caucus held in Fanueil Hall,*the cradle of liberty, Sunday 
 evening, during the war of 1812, the following article, with oth- 
 ers, was discussed : " It is unbecoming a moral and religious 
 people to rejoice at the success of our arms against England, 
 with whom we are engaged in an unjust war." Josiah Quincy 
 made an eloquent speech, in which he urged the adoption of this 
 article, and it was approved and indorsed by a unanimous vote. 
 Mr. Quincy made $300,000 by one purchase of land sold by the 
 injudicious city government. Josiah Quincy, Jr., has been 
 Mayor of Boston, member of their State Legislature, and has 
 filled numerous offices with credit to himself and to the city that 
 he represented. He is remarkable for the wit and playful hu- 
 mor which he infuses into all he says. More of these men. 
 
 Mrs. T. A. Ronalds (estate) $2,000,000 
 
 Daughter of Peter Lorillard. 
 
 John Robbins 2,000,000 
 
 Judge J. I. Roosevelt 2,000,000 
 
 Roosevelt (estate) 2,000,000 
 
 Charles H. Russell 2,000,000 
 
 Riggs & Co., Washington, D. C 2,000,000 
 
 Rennie, Neffie & Co., Philadelphia 2,000,000 
 
 Edward Mott Robinson, New Bedford 2,000,000 
 
 Peter Remsen (estate) 2,000,000 
 
WEALTH OF THE WOELD. Y9 
 
 Robert Ray $2,000,000 
 
 G. P. Rogers 2,000,000 
 
 Smith, Crane & Co 2,000.000 
 
 ,Mr. Rutherford 2,000,000 
 
 Mr. R. is a descendant of Governor Stuyvesant, and is called 
 Rutherford Stuyvesant. He is a mathematician, and an astron- 
 omer of unusual genius. His telescope is worth $10,000. If 
 you would look through this wonderful instrument up to the 
 heavens, on a clear night, you would express the astonishment 
 never before experienced. If you do not admit that a Supreme 
 Architect framed this universal temple, you may charge your 
 infidelity to us. When will the world give to science the in- 
 fluence that has been in the past ages monopolized by dogmas ? 
 
 Professor John W. Schermerhorn $2,000,000 
 
 Married widow Tonally. " Music from youth charms age, 
 and lulls to sweet repose." 
 
 Garret Storms (estate) $2,000,000 
 
 Mr. G. Hoffman and Mr. Livingston married the two only 
 daughters and only children. 
 
 Joseph Sampson $2,000,000 
 
 Spencer (estate) 2,000,000 
 
 William Sturgis, Boston 2,000,000 
 
 Mrs. Spencer 2,000,000 
 
 John Steward (estate) 2,000,000 
 
 S. Sturgis, Chicago 2,000,000 
 
 Joshua Sears, Boston 2,000,000 
 
 An only child, aged six years. 
 Lispenard Stewart 2,000,000 
 
 Alexander Stewart, father of Lispenard, married the only 
 daughter of Lispenard, who owned a meadow extending from 
 Walker to Canal streets, on which persons now living used to 
 skate. Mr. L. Stewart married, for his first wife, the daughter 
 of L. Sails, the French merchant in Water Street, who for years 
 discounted all the auction paper of the city, 
 
 Mrs. Stewart died; leaving, we think, two children. Mr. L. 
 Stewart then married the daughter of W. C. Rhinelander, and 
 has, we think, now five children. 
 
 Rufus Story; Governor E. D. Morgan; Solon Hum- 
 phreys ; and Morris Earl $2,000,000 
 
 These men are too well known to accept an introduction from 
 book publishers. No governor ever took possession of the chair 
 
80 WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 
 
 of state with more popularity. Governor Morgan is a merchant, 
 and we are bound to elevate them all, if we can. 
 
 Mr. Story siiou d be remembered by all who drink coffee and 
 o'da^'X luxuries. He came to the city a country boy. Recommenced 
 business and purchased cofTee and spices by the sack ; he now 
 rolls into his spacious warehouses cargoes from the East and 
 West Indies. No merchant sustains a higher character for in- 
 tegrity. 
 
 G. Stuyvesant (estate) ^2,000,000 
 
 We shall give the names of the seven generations of Governor 
 Stuyvesant's descendants in our next number. We shall also 
 give the names, and the sums on which taxes were assessed, in 
 1653, amounting to 175 rich persons ! 
 
 There were a few names that hold their place to this day : 
 Gulian Verplanck is one. Jacob Leyslaer, who paid the largest 
 tax, or nearly the largest,, aspired to the head of the govern- 
 ment: as bold as Napoleon III., but less fortunate, he lost his 
 life-^&y the gallows ! Our Shakspeare has immortalized this 
 incident in the touching play of Jacob Leyslaer. We are not the 
 only ones who have shed tears over the hard fate of Jacob. 
 
 L. S. Suarez - $2,000,000 
 
 Peter Harmony's nephew. 
 
 James & Joseph Stuart 2.000,000 
 
 Sturgis & Co 2,000,000 
 
 This house made nearly $1,000,000 by the rise in sugar in 
 1857. 
 
 Storm ..$2,000,000 
 
 B. H. Field ; McKesson & Robbins ; and Ward, 
 
 Close & Co 2,000,000 
 
 H. M. Shieffelin ; and ShiefFelin, Brothers & Co. ; 
 
 and Mavor Tiemann 2.000,000 
 
 Tiffany &'Co. ; and Ball & Black 2,000,000 
 
 Thorn, Watson & Co 2,000,000 
 
 F. Tudor, Boston 2,000,000 
 
 Made a fortune in shipping ice to all the world, except the 
 North Pule. 
 
 Abraham Vannest $2,000,000 
 
 John Van vorst 2,000,000 
 
 Married Miss J and $500,000. 
 
 Abraham R. Vannest 2,000,000 
 
WEALTH OF THE WOKLD. 81 
 
 Michael M. Vanbeuren, $2,000,000 
 
 Tliomas Ward,. . 2,000,000 
 
 Winslow & Lanier, 2,000,000 
 
 Eli White & Sons, 2,000,000 
 
 John J. married Miss Wetmore, daughter of Prosper M. Wet- 
 more. James L. married Miss Whitlock, daughter of W. W. 
 Whitlock. Joseph M. married Miss Bishop, daughter of Japhet 
 Bishop, and died in 1858. Mr. Eli White takes no part in the 
 present business. Arthur White died in 185*7, leaving nearly 
 $300,000. 
 
 Henry Young, $2,000,000 
 
 B. M. & E. A. Whitlock, 2,000,000 
 
 These men drive four horses with their left hand, and with 
 their right hand they distribute in charity the yellotv hoys to 
 every suffering being. Men who make millions and spend them 
 liberally, are quite as valuable members of society as misers. 
 
 We ought not to make this comparison. Misers of high and 
 loio degree hoard without enjoying ; they vegetate without living. 
 The atmosphere around them is chilling to the heart ; the misfor- 
 tunes of others find no sympathy ; the success of others is theif 
 misery. Like gamblers, misers are shunned by the virtuous and 
 the liberal. When dead the miser's pile brings discord ; quarrels 
 make his posterity wretched — his memory hateful. 
 
 Tho Messrs. Whitlocks have, by the success of a very large busi- 
 ness and by fortunate sales of real estate in Vesey and Dey streets, 
 &c., &c., accumulated with a rapidity hardly equalled in this or 
 any other city. No merchants occupy a higher position — none are 
 more esteemed. Wealth, like steam, must have a safety-valve, or 
 when accumulated it would explode. If wealth should explode, 
 we hope an aioful current will fall on us. We always stand close 
 to rich men — when toe can. 
 J, R. AVhiting ; C. W. & T. J. Moore ; Joseph 
 
 Torry, and Hunt, Vose & Co $3,000,000 
 
 Pennsylvania Coal Co. and H. G-. Silleck, $2,000,000 
 
 The coal that we have always ordered of Mr. H. Gr. Silleck, in 
 the 6th Avenue, corner of 39th-street. is equal to the best that is 
 brought to this city. See his advertisement in this edition. 
 
 L. M. Wiley ; A. V. Stout, and B. F. Camp, $2,000,000 
 
 Harper & Brothers ; D. Appleton & Co. ; H. Dexter 
 
 & Co., and Ross & Tousey, 3,000,000 
 
 One and a half million dollars in literature annually pass through 
 the hands of each of these houses. 
 
 Wlien Bonner is able to print 500,000 pjtpers in a week, and 
 26,000,000 in a year, at that time the whole city will print (we 
 think) ten times as many as Bonner, or 260,000,000 of sheets. 
 
 What will H. Dexter & Co. and Ross & Tousey make in one 
 year, if they should receive one quarter of a cent on every paper 
 issued from the New- York presses ? Small profits make millions. 
 
82 WEALTH OE THE WOELD. 
 
 Benedict, Hall & Co. ; and Thorne $2,000,000 
 
 One of these houses stands in the front rank of shoe dealers, 
 and the other stands in the front rank of leather dealers. One 
 of these merchants having more money than he wants, spends it 
 in importing from Europe, horses, cows, sheep with Idfcg tails, 
 with flat tails, and with no tails. His bulls without horns are as 
 much dreaded in this country as the Pope's Bulls are in Europe. 
 This capitalist is well known in Wall Street, and Jacob does not 
 wish to make a lame duck of him while he imports only Bulls, 
 but Jacob says no other Bear shall ever enter Wall Street. If 
 these men should fight, we shall be compelled to stand by our 
 Quaker friend; but since men used rifles, we have disliked the 
 smell of gunpowder. The first President Adams said, during 
 Napoleon's wars, that Europe held the cow by the horns, while 
 the United States milked her. This was a figure of speech ; 
 he meant that, while Europe was fighting, we had the commerce 
 of the world. It now becomes an interesting question for anti- 
 quarians, whether there were any cows in those days without 
 horns 1 If there were, then half the beauty of the learned Presi- 
 dent's metaphor is lost. We shall investigate a subject of such 
 pointed interest. 
 
 H. K. Corning, New York $2,000,000 
 
 Mr. Corning was the oldest son of Capt. E. K. Corning, an old 
 and highly respected ship-master of this port. Father and son 
 have been the principal importers of India-rubber mto the United 
 States, and have held almost an entire monopoly of the business 
 for a quarter of a century. We have many mteresting reminis- 
 cences of old Capt. Corning, which the limit of this work forbids 
 our recording. 
 
 Next in point of wealth among the India-rubber men comes, 
 Horace H. Day, who, besides his wealth, is a remarkable man. 
 He has been the greatest litigant in the world's history. The 
 number of his suits at law and in equity exceeds four hundred, 
 at a cost of over one million of dollars. He is the father of the 
 rubber manufacturers in the United States, and commenced in 
 1827 or '28. He was a poor Massachusetts boy, who strayed 
 away from among the mountains of Berkshire at ten years of age. 
 He educated and sustained himself, and commenced business on a 
 capital of tiventy-two cents, at the age of nineteen. It was in a 
 shop twelve feet square, in Church Street, New Brunswick, N. J. 
 He has had many l-everses, but never failed to pay dollar for 
 dollar, with interest. He has given away hundreds of thousands 
 to help others, and has an ample fortune left, variously estimated 
 from $500,000 to $1,000,000. 
 
WEALTH OF THE WOELD. 83 
 
 Wood Brothers ; and Hon. Wm. Wright $2,000,000 
 
 We are preparing a lengthy sketch of the Hon. Wm. Wright. 
 No man has filled so many places of high responsibility with so 
 much credit to himself and so acceptably to his friends and to 
 the electors of his State. 
 
 Messrs. Wood Brothers are among the oldest, most enter- 
 prising, and most wealthy manufacturers of our wealthy city. 
 Their manufactory, at Bridgeport, Conn., covers an area of nearly 
 two acres, and employs through all panics between 300 and 400 
 men. It is the largest establishment of the kind in the world, — 
 we think. Three partners have retired at intervals, carrying 
 with them fortunes. For twenty-five years a stream of wealth 
 has been poured into the pockets of these manufacturers, and 
 liberal wages have positively enriched the artisans of genius, 
 who have embellished the coaches of the most wealthy merchants 
 of all our cities. In the sale stable, once the Coliseum of this 
 city, in the Sixth Avenue, near the Reservoir Square, may be 
 seen the, state coach made for William IV. of England, and 
 imported by the great Barnum. In the center of the immense 
 sales room of Messrs. Wood Brothers, surrounded by 100 car- 
 riages, may be seen a perfect gem — a coach of surpassing beauty. 
 This coach is to be tenanted — by a lady millionaire — we pre- 
 sume. When the antique of " royalty" is compared with the 
 taste and beauty of the modern style, the award will be in favor 
 of the genius that planned, and the art that constructed and em- 
 bellished this -perfect coach. As we are conferring titles on the 
 wealthy and the virtuous, ive shall expect all to purchase coaches 
 of the style that we recommend. Nobility will make a note of this. 
 Where can peers obtain their coat of arms except from us 1 We 
 shall give this house an order immediately for a coach, to be ready 
 the moment we have sold all the Wealth of the World. 
 What rich man will take a ^ide with us ? DorUt all speak at once. 
 
 Hon. Geo. Eustis $2,000,000 
 
 Married Miss Louisa Morris Corcoran, only daughter of W. 
 W. Corcoran, Esq., Washington city. * * * * 'Y\\e. ap- 
 pointed hour was eight o'clock; and before that hour the select 
 circle invited to witness the ceremony had arrived, and were re- 
 ceived by Mr. Corcoran. The house was profusely decorated 
 with rare exotics grouped in high pyramids, filling vases or fo'm- 
 ed into baskets or bouquets ; and myriads of wax lights added to 
 the brilliancy of the gas. Everything was done that could have 
 been done to give eclat to the scene ; yet Bishop M Ilvaine who 
 had been invited, for " auld acquaintance" sake, to officiate, was 
 not in the palace. He probably was accidentally detained; and 
 
84: WEALTH OF THE WOKLD. 
 
 Rev. Dr. Pyne, of St. John's Church, was invited at a late hour 
 to perform the ceremony. 
 
 At eight o'clock Mr. Corcoran stepped into an adjoining room, 
 and soon reappeared with Dr. Pyne in full canonicals. Eager- 
 ly was his invitation to repair to the picture gallery accepted ; 
 but we doubt if any one of the crowd which followed him thither 
 was prepared for the impressive and beautiful tableau which 
 presented itself. 
 
 At the farther end of the gallery, as a presiding divinity, was the 
 exquisite Grecian Slave of Powers, surrounded by the rarest 
 exotics, pure and white as the eloquent marble itself. Before 
 the pedestal, however, were dense clusters of scarlet azalias, 
 which formed an effective background for the bride, who was, 
 of course, the " observed of all observers." Never was there a 
 more lovely bride at the altar of Hymen, and never did she ap- 
 pear more beautiful. Rather small, with a full face, expressive" 
 eyes, and graceful carriage, her portrait then would have been 
 loveliness personified. She wore one of the marvelous combi- 
 nations of modern mantua-making, which almost baffles descrip- 
 tion. The dress was of white silk, which was entirely covered 
 with puffed tulle, over which was a bertha and a triple-flounced 
 skirt of the richest point applique lace. Orange-blossoms decked 
 her corsage and her hair, a bridal vail'of rare lace hung in heavy 
 folds, and glistening diamonds, her father's gift, set off her attire. 
 
 The bridegroom is a slender, gallant-looking young fellow, 
 combining the grace of his paternal ancestors with his French 
 suavity of manner. Next the bride was her cousin. Miss Hill, 
 who, as the first bridemaid, wore white flowers in her hair ; and 
 Mr. Eustis was flanked by his younger brother. On either side 
 were three couples of the remaining dozen attendants. Sidney 
 Webster, Esq., well-knOwn as the private secretary of President 
 Pierce ; M. Caraille Dollfus, Second Secretary of the French 
 Legation ; Messrs, Wright and Mills of the House of Represen- 
 tatives ; and Mr. Bates, of Boston, formed a fine array of grooms- 
 men. Of course they all sported the bridal favor in their button- 
 holes. As for the remaining bridemaids, Misses Fay, Corcoran, 
 Campbell, Howe, Pennington, and Grow — uniformly attired in 
 white, studded with tiny pink bouquets — they reminded us of the 
 poet's description of the queen's attendants : 
 
 A scene less fair as modern poets tell, 
 May induce the wretched baclielor to rebel. 
 Intellect, genius, every grace — 
 Almost angelic — descended on the place. 
 While scenes so fair charmed all on earth, 
 Heaven smiled, and consecrated their happy birth. 
 
 Dr. Pyne stopped a few paces in front of the couple about to 
 
'wealth of the woeld. . 85 
 
 be wedded, Mr. Corcoran standing at his right hand, just in his 
 rear, the attendants being on either side. The gallery was filled 
 with witnesses of this imposing ceremony. Never was the ritual 
 of the Church more impressively read. Mr. Corcoran gave the 
 bride away ; the wedded couple knelt upon two prayer-cushions 
 placed before them ; and no sooner had the clergyman said 
 "Amen !" than they sealed the rite with a kiss. 
 
 Then commenced the congratulations. Next after Mr. Cor- 
 coran was the venerable grandmother of the bride, Mrs. Com- 
 modore Morris, with three of her daughters, all of them, we believe, 
 the wives of surgeons in the navy. A life of happiness for the 
 lovely couple was the invocation that from every heart went up to 
 Heaven. 
 
 Silas C. Herring & Co $2,000,000 
 
 If there is a man in this city who has no enemy, it is Silas C. 
 Herring. If we were asked to name half a dozen inventors in 
 this city who had the strongest claim to the gratitude of their 
 fellow-citizens, we should name Morse, Hoe, Hyatt, Herring, 
 Hewitt & Co., and Bogardus. In old times, Mr, Delano made safes 
 in Water Street, and the world was safe in asserting that every 
 article placed in one of his ti?i boxes would be burnt up — if a f re 
 should happen. A kind Providence seems to have sent Herring 
 here to make his large safes, before the California flood made 
 small safes, like small pockets — out of fashion. We all know 
 that a safe twenty feet square will hold 2,904 millions of dollars 
 in gold cubes ; this is more than all the gold coi7i in the world. 
 The safes built in walls are now abandoned as failures. Two 
 safes like the one built by Herring for the Broadway Bank would 
 not only hold all the gold coin in the world, but, we think, would 
 hold half the silver coin also. Mr, Herring's factory feeds as 
 many men as any factory in the city. A book, a bank-bill, a 
 note of hand, a deed of a store, a valuable contract, was never 
 lost by a merchant who had in his store one of Herring's modern 
 safes. We shall keep the whole of our pile of gold, the proceeds 
 of the W'EAhTH OF THE World, in one of Herrin'gs safes. We 
 hid robbers welcome to get it if they can. We know very well, 
 that, as easy as it is to make money now-a-days, by our direction, 
 it is easier to steal it, if it is deposited in common safes. , We 
 notify our readers, once for all, that if they only follow our direc- 
 tions, they loill always be safe. Of course they will.' We shall 
 send Mr. Herring our patent of nobility ; he is a Red Diamond ; 
 we admit him to our peerage. ^ 
 
 George Douglass, of Douglass Farms $2,000,000 
 
 George Douglass, and Benj. Douglass, his son 2,000,000 
 
86 . WEALTH OF THE WOELD. 
 
 Mr. Benj. Douglass is sole proprietor of the Mercantile Agency, 
 Nos. 314 and 316 Broadway. If a stranger who visits our city 
 will look into this ojffice, where 150 men are driving the quill, he 
 will be able to form some idea of the mercantile transactions of 
 the city. What must be their extent, when the merchants pay 
 to this institution $300,000 to $400,000 every year, to know the 
 wealth of each other? A merchant in London can not safely 
 accept the draft of his correspondent in America till he calls at 
 the office of Mr. Douglass. More respecting this house in our 
 next number. 
 
 Cortland Palmer ; and Moreau Delano $2,000,000 
 
 Asa Otis; John Brandiger ; Wm. Billings; Aeons 
 Barris ; Thomas W. Williams ; F. B. Loomis ; 
 Ezra Chappell ; Noyes Billings ; Joseph Leonard 
 
 —New London 2,000,000 
 
 R. Hoe & Co. ; and George Bruce 2,000,000 
 
 Mr. Hoe is placed by us in the same category with Coperni- 
 cus, Galileo, Newton, Leverrier, Morse, and Jackson. If Mr 
 Hoe had been born in the dark ages, he would certainly have 
 lost his life on the charge of diflusing science among men. 
 While a prosy orator is yet speaking in Congress, the reporters 
 for the associated press will send his speech to New York, and 
 Hoe's presses will send 500,000 copies to the four quarters of 
 the globe. We mean to write a sermon on Hoe, and take Hoe- 
 handle for our text. Mr. Hoe has bought out Messrs. J. Adams 
 & Co., of Boston, at an expense of $200,000 ; now all the 
 Fields of law and the Fields of science will smile in beauty, for 
 the cultivation will be done by 07ie Hoe. 
 
 As we have alluded to inventors and inventions, we shall 
 mention a few artists who are worthy of all the patronage that 
 we can obtain for them. As a Stereotyper and Electrotyper in 
 all their various branches, Vincent Dill stands in the front rank 
 of his profession. Any person who wishes to have a beautiful 
 book, may be sure of obtaining of him a perfect specimen of the 
 ornamental art. We have seen English and French books with- 
 out number, but never a more perfect book than came from the 
 establishment of Mr. Dill. We shall speak of Mr. Bruce and his 
 great wealth in edition A A. 
 
 Manuel X. Harmony $2,000,000 
 
 Nephew of Peter Harmony, and, till lately, a partner in the 
 firm of Peter Harmony's Nephews. 
 
 George & Brother ; A. Melvin ; and L. Andrews. . . $2,000,000 
 
WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 87 
 
 The Georges now deal in " soles" but their great wealth came 
 from the bowels of the earth. By the aid of steam, they raised 
 millions of copper ore from the richest mines in the world — the 
 mines of Cuba. The value of these mines is $200,000,000. 
 We can not, for fifty cents, afford to tell our readers all we know 
 about Cuba. The readers of the Wealth of the World are 
 all educated persons, and if they could hear Mr. George discuss 
 the vast resources of Cuba, they would down loith the fifty cents 
 in advance for edition A A, which is to explain fully the philos- 
 O'pher's stone that turned their copper into gold. 
 
 All we have to say of Mr. Andrews and Mr. Melvin is, that 
 they are regarded as -peaceable citizens. High Constable Tal- 
 madge has never intimated to us any desire to take the likeness 
 of these men. We go further. We positively assert that we 
 never heard of their cow-hiding any person ; but the cow-hides 
 that they have passed into other hands, would flog all the rogues 
 in New York through half the world. Mr. Andrews is a philos- 
 opher, as well as a great capitalist. He is now studying, with 
 profound interest, the institutions of Europe. When we receive 
 his letters, we shall tell our readers all about the working-classes 
 of Europe, and the miserable beings who have no work. An 
 ani?nal of great renown (imaginary or real) has visited Europe, 
 but with him cow-hiding was no joke. A lady was in the case, 
 and the laying on left scars on his back and flaws in his good 
 fame, which will not wear out. We shall always speak well of 
 a lady who, under all circumstances and at all hazards, repels 
 the unholy approaches of an animal. Mr. Andrews learned, be- 
 fore he went to Europe, that wives were sold in Smithfield 
 Market with a cord around their neck. He knew, for all well- 
 read men know, that you may there cow-hide a looman ! This 
 we positively assert is or was law. If common report does not 
 tell fibs, two of the best novelists of England have used this 
 wholesome discipline on the backs of their spouses. One fact is 
 not disputed — these men had one extra wife at one time. That 
 one wife? of each of these eminent men ran away is well authen- 
 ticated. Now, if the nobility of England must have two wives, 
 and must flog them, would it not elevate civilization to have 
 England adopt our Southern institutions 1 If the world admits 
 (we do not) that a. man must have two wives, and may cow-hide 
 them when he pleases, Mr. Andrews will make a good specula- 
 tion in shipping cow-hides; and we are sure all the rich Swamp- 
 ers will ship to England their large stocks. When Mr. Andrews 
 sends us his notes, we shall write a chapter expressly for politi- 
 cal economists and patriotic ministers. We shall explain with 
 true pathos why eighty per cent, of the European babies die, and 
 why ninety per cent, of our beautiful colored babies live. If we 
 
88 WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 
 
 should allude to the rum-holes, and the slight mortality of nearly 
 half the New York babies, it will not be with a view to check 
 the enthusiasm of Dr. Cheever. We admire to hear him pray, 
 by the half hour, for the beautiful colored babies. It is perfectly 
 clear to us, that his prayers save the lives of the colored babies. 
 If he should pray for New York white babies, ragged schools 
 would be abandoned ; the excess of population would discourage 
 all the humane efforts of our most valued wives and daughters. 
 The great Malthus said, " If babies did not die, there would be 
 no bread for grown-up babies?'' Is there not a place where black 
 babies increase faster than white ones ? We never heard of 
 black babies of any age being starved. We once found a white 
 baby in an alley, in New York, that was starved to death ! We 
 can not afford to drop a subject out of which omv patriotic minis- 
 ters manufacture so much capital. We intend to perpetrate more 
 than one joke, in which our own party will be the '■'■Butts." Our 
 '' illustrious predecessors" in the editorial world defend their ene- 
 mies and abuse their friends, and boast of " Independence" as 
 the great merit of editorship. A respectable joker finds materials 
 so thick around him that he can not jump over them. To him 
 the whole world appears to be a joke^ and nothing truthful, 
 nothing abiding in it. The ascetic sees a death's head and 
 bloody bones in every incident of life — social, political, religious. 
 The duty of politicians is to abuse each other, and to spread dis- 
 cord over these fair realms. Ours is the more agreeable task of 
 showing what good institutions, wealth, and happiness have been 
 bestowed on our glorious country. Any person who wishes to 
 know our politics — worCt find out. We have no politics. Like 
 the bill-of-fare in our modern hotels, we change every day in 
 the week, and Monday morning we commence a new circuit. Those 
 who ramble with us 'shall have our jokes cheap ; and if they can 
 gather a flower, we will thank the owner of the garden from 
 whom we have culled it. We want more gardens, more of 
 that flower of which botanists tell us there are nearly 500 
 varieties, and not one without a delicious perfume. Why should 
 we turn gardens into deserts? Has not nature strewed every 
 path with roses ? For whom does nature wear a perpetual 
 smile 1 In closing this interesting paragraph, we will just men- 
 tion to visitors from the country, that Dr. Cheever preaches on 
 UNION Square. As wicked as we are, we attend nearly all 
 his religious lectures, to which the combined piety of the city in- 
 vites the attention of all lovers of UNION, We recommend 
 them to our readers ; we find them very refreshing. We almost 
 believe that we are to be saved — from all taint. We hope our 
 readers will never despair of the country. We shall always 
 assist the venerable Doctor when we, in imagination, see the 
 
WEAI.TH OF THE WORLD. 89 
 
 world on his back, while he is rowing up stream with one oar. 
 We shall give the world some notice before we abandon the 
 UNION, as rats do a sinking ship. 
 
 G. F. Nesbitt ; and M. O. Roberts $2,000,000 
 
 We unite these names for the reason that they are in one 
 sense public men. The writer knew Mr. Nesbitt when he was 
 worth, we think, two dollars. He now supplies the Postmaster- 
 General with envelopes to the extent of more millions annually 
 than we can accurately express in figures. A man of more 
 genius, more enterprise, more integrity can not be named. 
 
 Mr. Roberts has not only made a fortune, but he has spent 
 large sums in filling his mansion with works of art. When we 
 visit the splendid collection of paintings that adorn the mansions 
 of our citizens, we are in danger of overrating the value of 
 wealth. Can any person estimate its value who does not know 
 how to spend it in promoting the, happiness of others ? Who 
 has not heard of the paintings of Mr. Roberts, the marbles of Mr. 
 Lenox, the galleries of Mr. Belmont, Corcoran, Harrison, Niblo, 
 Haight, and Aspinwall ? If these lines are read by one person 
 of taste, we say to him, go to the Historical Society's rooms and 
 inspect the marbles that were made thousands of years before 
 our Saviour was born ! No person can prove that they were not 
 chiseled before the date assigned in history as the time of the 
 universal deluge. If you possess one spark of sensibility you 
 will acquaint yourself with the face of Mr. Lenox, and you will 
 bow to him as you pass, unknown to him as you may be. The 
 lessons that these marbles could read to you would rouse your 
 feelings to ecstasy, or melt your heart to tears. These marbles 
 can be seen for the moderate charge — of nothing. When you 
 visit the splendid rooms of the Historical Society, ask the priv- 
 ilege of shaking the hand of Mr. Moore ; till 5'ou have made this 
 visit you are not New Yorkers — we will not own you. An earlier 
 monument of the world's antiquity can be seen nowhere in Eu- 
 rope, nor in Asia, which was the cradle of our race. A mer- 
 chant who does not join this Society — is no merchant. 
 
 We have all just read (May 10, 1859) the death of Dr. Ab- 
 bott, the eminent antiquarian, who collected the Egyptian 
 antiquities now in this city. We say, with pain, that we do not 
 believe that one tenth part of our rich men have seen this collec- 
 tion of Almanacs of an early world. These curiosities cost Dr. 
 Abbott the labor of a lifetime and $110,000, and he died a vic- 
 tim to his love of science and the investigation of history, the 
 most ennobling of all our studies. If every merchant will send 
 five dollars to the Historical Society, this valuable record of the 
 world's youth and age will be ours forever. Mr. Lenox gave 
 
90 WEAXTH OF THE WOKLD. 
 
 $5,000 for the Nineveh marbles, and presented them to the 
 Society, to the city ; they will forever transmit the name, the 
 munificence, the virtues, the public spirit of the rich men of this 
 age. Can we be censured for recording names that all would 
 record on columns as imperishable as are the records of an age 
 of which nothing beyond them, nothing earlier remains for us to 
 study. 
 
 These marbles suggest the following texts, on which we will 
 write sermons if the world will read them : 
 
 1st. What nation chiseled these wonderful marbles'? 
 
 2d. ¥/hat was the mythology of a nation that placed an eagle's 
 head on a man's body ? 
 
 3d. What language did a nation use that is now concealed in 
 the cuneiform or arrow-headed letters of these tablets. 
 
 4th. What nations covered with dense population the garden 
 of the world ? 
 
 5th. To what circumstance is the entire depopulation of those 
 countries to be attributed 1 
 
 6th. How far back in the history of these marbles does authen- 
 tic history guide us? 
 
 7th. What mighty nations do we know once existed and 
 destroyed each other, while these marbles were quietly reposing 
 beneath the dust '? 
 
 8th. What number of persons have appeared on this earth for a 
 momeiit, and passed off to entire extinction, or to happiness, or 
 to unutterable misery % 
 
 9th. What is the teaching of Philosophy? 
 
 10th. What is the teaching of Theology? * 
 
 The arts and their patrons are our text. In this city there 
 works an humble artist of no ordinary merit; he is an ornament 
 to our city. In this age of wealth the collection of antique coins 
 has become with some antiquarians a passion. One of these 
 lovers of the curious recently offered to pay us $10 for a Wash- 
 ington cent of the date of 1791. This antiquarian has, in nu- 
 merous instances, paid one dollar for an old cent, and has nearly 
 completed his cabinet of curiosities. 
 
 We admire this man's taste, and we ask every person to add 
 to their own happiness by imitating him. Our artist iias pro- 
 duced a medal commemorating the Brooklyn water celebration. 
 It is a beautiful work of art ; he worked night and day on his 
 steel dies, to complete a work in season that he knew would re- 
 flect credit on his genius, and would, he hoped, hand his name 
 down to posterity. Did he make $2,000 by a work that no 
 other person could furnish ? — is a question submitted to us by 
 our readers. He lost all his time and $100, is our answer. The 
 aldermen of Brooklyn, before the medal was completed, thought 
 
WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 91 
 
 the city would take hundreds, if not thousands. The medal, in 
 a superb case, was completed in season, and shown to them. 
 They ordered half a dozen ! 
 
 If our artist had written a book, and advocated the dogmas of 
 the dark ages, he would have obtained thousands of dollars from 
 Brooklyn. 
 
 This hufnble man of genius is now engraving a medallion of 
 Edwin Forrest, our American tragedian, and he has paid a large 
 sum for a likeness which he is now copying. The likeness is 
 perfect. Will our millionaires allow him to lose his time and one 
 hundred dollars, while they are offering ten dollars for an old 
 cent ? 
 
 Literature, the arts, scientific investigation, architecture of the 
 highest order, paintings, elegant engravmgs, photographs, litho- 
 graphs, daguerreotypes, all have the interest that is so salutary in 
 refining the taste and in cultivating the intellect. We need these 
 aids — we need all the works of highest genius and highest art, 
 to draw us from the gloomy speculation which dwarfs the intel- 
 lect — drives the young to gloomy asceticism — deprives them of 
 all innocent enjoyments — and shrouds, as with a pall, all that 
 should make life brilliant and happy. 
 
 A word to those persons who have taste to discover and reward 
 genius. Call at the office of Mr. Demarest, whose card is in 
 this Wealth of the World. His engravings may be equaled, 
 but they can not be surpassed; the seals that he cuts and the 
 medallions that he engraves are perfect gems. If you would 
 have works of surpassing genius, you must reward genius ; you 
 must look for it, encourage, and sustain it. Our eminence in 
 wealth, in civilization, in the arts and sciences, will, in future 
 ages, be estimated, not by our asceticism, not by our republican- 
 ism, not by our democracy — they will be estimated by our medals, 
 by our marbles, by our splendid mausoleums, by the evidences 
 of genius that we may transmit to our children and our children's 
 children. 
 
 Rothschilds $ 100,000,000 
 
 The first name recorded in the Wealth of the World was 
 Rothschild, the last recorded is Rothschild. While our work 
 was in the printer's hands Europe has resumed her natural con- 
 dition. Italy is the fairest portion of Europe, and since the 
 earliest date of authentic history has been the theater of war. 
 Prior io the introduction of Christianity, the wars of conquest 
 were in other nations. Rome conquered all nations, and in 
 obedience to the laws of nature and of God, she sunk herself in 
 ruin. After the introduction of Christianity, Rome built a new 
 empire, based on superstition, and, as if to enforce retributive 
 
92 WEAl.TH OF THE WOELD. 
 
 justice, her flood-gates have been frequently raised, and torrents 
 of blood have flowed from human hearts. 
 
 Rome, by her Pontifl", has spread ruin over the loveliest plains 
 that virere ever trod by man. From mountains that were made 
 for the exaltation of man, have flowed streams purpled with hu- 
 man gore. The Red Dragon of Sin seemed the scourge sent by 
 God, which was never to be appeased. The beautiful'theories of 
 peace societies and peace makers — the theories of Christianity 
 and of Christians, are pocketed by statesmen and kings, and the 
 Demon of War stalks forth to gloat himself and sleep, till hunger 
 shall again arouse to conflict and to the destruction of our race. 
 
 We hear our readers ask, " What has superstition to do with 
 this war ?" We answer, " Superstition caused this war." 
 Catholic Europe has been bound by chains that intellectual men 
 would not endure ; to throw off" these chains has caused the 
 mighty conflicts that have so often convulsed Europe and the 
 world. Intellectual men saw Europe ruled by a union between 
 dishonest kings and more dishonest ecclesiastics, and between 
 two millstones the people were ground to dust. 
 
 Till the time of Henry the Eighth (1515), all the laws of 
 England were both made and administered by a class of men 
 standing in exactly the same relation to society that the Catholic 
 priests of this and every other country stand to the people of 
 their charge. An ecclesiastical dynasty governed Church and 
 State ; it was a religious or superstitious government ; and a 
 greater scourge could not have afflicted humanity. Canon laws 
 — laws made by popes, cardinals, and priests — are at this mo- 
 ment the laws of half Europe. Sir Thomas More (1530) was 
 the first Lord Chancellor of England who had not been a priest. 
 Three hundred years ago, the attempt by the people to make 
 laws for themselves was, for the first time, attended with partial 
 success in England, but in no other country. 
 
 These attempts to wrest the power from ecclesiastics and to 
 use it for their own benefit will continue while education pro- 
 gresses, while superstition is dissipated, while science elevates 
 the human intellect ; may we not add, as long as man has a head 
 to contrive and hands to point a giin ? More than twelve years 
 ago the Italians rose upon the Pope, and in the outbreak a car- 
 dinal lost his life. The Pope, alarmed for his own safety, 
 escaped to Gaeta, and there remained till escorted back by one 
 army from France and another from Austria. These two holy 
 armies have kept the Pope on his throne, but they have had 
 bloody fights among themselves. For an expression used by 
 Earl Derby, read page 16 of this work. 
 
 We assure our readers that we have posted ourselves as far 
 as we were able, and we confidently believe that superstition, 
 
WEALTH OF THE WOELD. 93 
 
 and the desire of the privileged classes — the Pope, and the im- 
 mense number of the ecclesiastics who compose an independent 
 body above the people, and in no way subject to the people — to 
 - retain their power, was the first cause of the present war. Our 
 views will be illustrated by an imaginary case. What would be 
 said by the electors of the United States if the President should 
 make Archbishop Hughes Chief Justice of the United States, 
 and give to him the decision of every intricate law question that 
 is now referred to the Supreme Court at Washington ? Are not 
 a large and respectable class now censuring the decisions of 
 that court? Would they be better satisfied with a judge, how- 
 ever honest, who knew nothing of law, but was well versed in 
 intrigue ? 
 
 If the President were to make this appointment, a state of 
 things would exist exactly like that of Europe for 1515 years. 
 In 1515, Cardinal Wolsey was deciding all the law cases of 
 England, and all the cases that were referred to him by the Cath- 
 olic States, Catholic kings, and the pious Pope. Archbishop 
 Hughes has the talents of Wolsey, and the eyes of Argus ; he 
 not only sees and reads all things, but he writes npon all sub- 
 jects, and, like the Pope, he admonishes and threatens, and 
 does he not sometimes call hard names ? With due deference 
 for the high position of the Archbishop, we would humbly sug- 
 gest that his qualities would better fit him for a Pope, than a 
 judge of our highest Court. 
 
 The names that we have placed at the head of this article are 
 celebrated in the history of modern Europe. For nearly half a 
 century it has been said by European statesmen, that no nation 
 dared to embark in a war till its rulers had the approval of the 
 Rothschilds. We are sorry to say that we do not believe the 
 remark to be true in this war. We do not believe that one of 
 the five brothers and cousins has approved this step of Austria. 
 
 We wish to see the Pope run away once more, and we do not 
 wish to see him replaced on his throne by Austrian bayonets. 
 A cousin of Napoleon III. has married the daughter of a king of 
 an Italian State ; we hope every alliance and every birth will tend 
 to the freedom of Italy, and the destruction o? superstition and the 
 tyranny that attends it. Italy is the fairest portion of the world. 
 Her entire freedom is an aspiration of every patriotic heart on 
 both sides of the Atlantic, and over the whole world. 
 
 Intellect, religion, literature, holy associations, the love of God, 
 and the love of justice, all, all conspire to prompt a prayer for 
 her deliverance from tyranny, and for her acceptance in full com- 
 munion among the free nations of the earth. The writer is in- 
 formed, by one of our most wealthy bankers, that the Rothschilds 
 took on their own account all, or nearly all of the recent Aus- 
 
94 WEALTH OF THE WOELD. 
 
 trian loan of $30,000,000, on which the Bank of Vienna was 
 based, and the Austrian government p/aceti in funds. 
 
 Within the last month, the bonds received by the Rothschilds, 
 from the Austrian government, were sent to their house in Lon- 
 don, and there the books were opened and a profit confidently 
 expected. Not one dollar was taken of this i?nmense loan ! Shall 
 we be told that the Rothschilds counseled this war ? Were they 
 not, as well as all other capitalists, taken by surprise ? Will not 
 their losses be millions and millions ? 
 
 It has been known for some time that, in addition to Church 
 difficulties, other difficulties had arisen among European Courts. 
 After the defeat of Napoleon in 1815, a Congress of all the States 
 made a new map of Europe, assigning jneies and bowids to large 
 and small States ; some of which were unwillingly assented to, 
 and would not have been accepted by the disaflected States, if 
 they had not intended to gain strength and then fight. The 
 smaller Italian States were always well stocked with patriots, 
 and, like Ireland, would always fight on their own responsibility, 
 if the larger powers did not hold a whip over their head. For 
 the peace of Europe, these small but brave States were placed 
 under the guardianship of the larger States, and those on one 
 side of the Po were consigned to Austria. As these hoys grew 
 up to manhood, they were not willing to stand by their o\A fogies'' 
 contract. They went for the " higher law" — the law higher 
 than compulsatory contracts ; the law that allows all to fight on 
 their own account whom they please, as did the barons of the 
 middle ages. The only law was the law of might, and terra 
 firma, like the ocean, was ruled by whales, and minnows had to 
 keep in shoal water, or become, by thousands, a dinnex for the 
 whales. 
 
 Austria, like the United States, is a confederation of States, 
 and not, like France, a homogeneous people. Half a dozen 
 languages are spoken in Austria, and no one citizen can travel 
 over their vast dominions and converse with the dissimilar nobles 
 and peasants. We generally regard Austria as a part of Germany, 
 but half the Austrian States are beyond Germany, as we see 
 Germany on the most of our maps. Austria, Prussia, and Rus- 
 sia divided Poland between them, and quarreled with each other, 
 alleging that they did not get all they had stolen. Hungary is 
 nearly as large as all the other Austrian States. Four hundred 
 years ago, when the Turks invaded Hungary, she was glad to 
 form a confederacy with Austria, to protect themselves. Hun- 
 gary furnished her share of kings of Austria, and always had her 
 own representative government. Hungary was never conquer- 
 ed and held in subjection by Austria ; she was, more properly, 
 Austria herself. 
 
WEALTH OF THE WOELD. 95 
 
 The opponents of Kossuth, in Hungary and in the Austrian 
 States, begged him to desist ; they told him that, as an editor of 
 a paper, he had raised a whirlwind that he could not direct, 
 and that if he succeeded in his plans, he would only transfer 
 Vienna to Buda ; and the smaller Austrian States would be 
 ^bdued and become the colonies of Hungary. 
 
 Such is the nature oi '■'■Freedom" and such the sympathy with 
 it in every heart, that if one of our States should adopt the 
 " higher law," and disregard binding contracts, and fight thirty- 
 one States, half of Europe would, like the noble La Fayette, 
 fight for freedom with that State. This is glory. This is patri- 
 otism. This is the love o^ freedom ; and we do but obey our 
 natural impulses placed by God in patriotic hearts. Is there a 
 person familiar with history who does not say with us, that every- 
 where (can we except the United States ?) fighting and dissen- 
 sion, disaffection and discord, are bound fast in our nature, sepa- 
 rating by a slow but fatal process (it may be for good, it may be 
 for evil) the States that, but for one element, might progress in 
 happiness, and glory forever? 
 
 The German territories of the Austrian Union are the Arch- 
 duchy of Bohemia, Moravia, Styria, Illyria, Tyrol. Lower 
 Austria, Austria below the "Ems, forms the metropolitan division, 
 and is in the delightful valley of the Danube, bounded on both 
 sides by hills and mountains, over which the traveler roams 
 charmed with scenery formed by God for the delight of man. 
 No reflecting man ever returned from these regions who did 
 not admit that the Spirit of Goodness is ever worshiped by the 
 intellectual. To open our eyes is to adore the Creator of all 
 things. 
 
 Had the early Egyptian priests, and all succeeding priests, 
 taught the superintending care of one God, and demanded but 
 one sacrifice, the offering of contrite hearts, religious creeds 
 would never have afflicted the world. All mankind would have 
 been pious worshipers in one great temple. At the name of Je- 
 hovah all would have bowed the head and bent the knee. The 
 cultivation of the intellect will assimilate us to one God, and 
 banish the dogmas that have raised the sword, as at this moment 
 in Europe, against father, brother, wife, and all of God's holy 
 gifts. 
 
 The Austrian Union contains 36,000,000 of inhabitants ; all 
 the Italian States about half as many. Austria maybe regarded 
 as about equal in extent to four or five of our large States ; and 
 Italy about half her size. The reader will place before him a 
 map of Europe. Genoa, the maritime capital, is on the Gulf of 
 Genoa, in the Mediterranean. Place the eye on Turin, in the 
 center of Sardinia, and the river Po will be seen. The Po runs 
 
96 
 
 WEALTH OF THE WOKLD. 
 
 to the Adriatic Sea. A tributary to the Po will be seen on the 
 line of Sardinia and Lombardy ; this river is not named in the 
 maps of Europe, but it is marked Ticino on the maps of Sar- 
 dinia and of Lombardy. This river the Austrian troops passed 
 on the third day after war was declared by Austria, 
 
 Turin, in the center of the State, and Genoa, on the Gulf of 
 Genoa, will be the scenes of early battles. To defend these 
 cities, France will exert her utmost strength. Where the seat 
 of war may ultimately center, can not be conjectured ; it may be 
 in Vienna; it maybe, as in 1814, at Paris. Italy is divided 
 into: 1st, The Pope's territories; 2d, Tuscany : 3d, Lombardy, 
 called Austrian Italy ; 4th, Sardinia ; 5th, Naples, with Sicily ; 
 6th, San Marino, the smallest of all the European States ; 7th, 
 Modena ; 8th, Lucca; 9th, Parma; 10th, Monaco. 
 
 The Pope's territories, called, also, the States of the Church, 
 include Rome, Bologna, Ancona, Perugia, Ferrara, Ravenna, 
 Forti, Rimini, Pesaro, Benevento, Ascoli, Viterbo, Macerata, Ur- 
 bino, Loretto, and Civita Vecchia. 
 
 While Rome was the center of all that intellect could achieve, 
 she was called the ever living, '■'The Eternal City!''' The sun of 
 intellect settled below the horizon ; superstition stalked forth amid 
 the darkness that surrounded the seveii hills ; genius fled " West- 
 ward," and ruin sat brooding like Satan amid his own chaos. 
 The history of Rome is told. 
 
 Tuscany is the lovely vale where genius has for ages lived, 
 and where it will not die. Our own countrymen love to linger 
 where life is charmed with all that genius and highest iiispiration , 
 the Divinity of this world, guides the intellect onward — upward. 
 Florence under an elective government — Florence in America, 
 would to genius give a foretaste of the realms to which we all 
 hope to direct our steps, and ultimately to rest. 
 
 Lombardy is peopled with Italians, but is on the Austrian side 
 of the Po, and has been under the Austrian Confederation. 
 
 Sardinia is the rebellious State, and has confiscated the Church 
 property, and refused to restore to ecclesiastics half her richest 
 soil. The seat of war, for a time, must be in Sardinia ; we 
 shall frequently conduct our readers, in imagination, to streams 
 running purple gore, and to hills and. valleys smokingf with ruins 
 and echoing the shrill clarion of war. 
 
 In the Kingdom of Naples is the city of Naples, containing 
 nearly one million of inhabitants, and is on one of the most beau- 
 tiful bays in the world. 
 
 [To he continued in Edition A A of the WEALTH OF THE WOELD.] 
 
WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 97 
 
 James B. Taylor, $ 1 ,000,000 
 
 We believe Mr. Taylor is a native of New Bedford, Mass. — 
 the richest city in the Union, and the only city that has one 
 thousand dollars for every man, woman, and child within its bor- 
 ders. Napoleon I. was asked at St. Helena, who was the great- 
 est man of history ? He replied, " All men are equally entitled 
 to fame who never made a mistake." The correctness of this 
 definition of a great man will at first be doubted, but reflection 
 will show its truth. Many of our richest men are men of genius, 
 and had this country been in perpetual wars, like Europe, tliese 
 men would have been eminent generals. These merchants are 
 the men who never made a mistake. Talents are claimed by 
 every nation and every age ; they were not monopolized by an- 
 tiquity. Every nation in Europe has claimed, in some age, one 
 or two Napoleons, three or four Rothschilds, one or more Homers 
 and as many Newtons ; every village has its Cicero. We have 
 in this city one hundred Rofhschilds, two or three Homers, one 
 Napoleon, one Xenophon, and numerous patriots, who see dan- 
 ger only at one point of the compass. The city of Washington 
 disputes our right to Napoleon — Mexico would have purchased 
 him if her wealth had been sufficient. Boston openly accuses us 
 of bribery, in obtaining their Xenophon — the great historian of 
 the age. In the early ages Cain was a murderer, and Samson 
 had a Delilah. In modern times the " Webb" of fate sent Cil- 
 ley to the battle-field, and the " Graves" were charged with 
 another's murder. The crimes of Cain and Samson are in this 
 refined age the sports of our great men. Baker waded through 
 " Pools" of blood. To inscribe this hero's name on the records 
 o{ court justice was to increase one man's funds, and to lessen 
 every man's respect for the laws. One judge and eleven jury- 
 men said he was a murderer ; another judge and twelve jurymen 
 said, " If you can get up ^first-class fight, you may murder with' 
 out punishment." Probably Cain was not a murderer — if they 
 had enlightened judges near the garden of Eden. " Lords" in 
 England are like damaged potatoes — slightly soft. We know a 
 *' Lord" in this city who can make a better speech in the Tract 
 Society than any " Lord Chancellor" who ever sat on the wool- 
 sack. We know a " Democratic Lord," politically great, who 
 can cut a coat better than any " Peer" in England. One of our 
 " Lords" is a Rothschild, or else our judgment is not infallible. 
 If all the " Sickles" of the country are as sharp as our " Sickles," 
 " Weeds" will never shed their nauseous odor on our matrimonial 
 gardens. Home is Paradise. The serpent that enters there — 
 shall die. They whom God has joined, let no man put asunder. 
 To err is human, to forgive — divine, Dan is our " Man" — 
 when we are in a scrape. Saints in pious times had no wives 
 
 5 
 
98 WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 
 
 In Boston, Saint Kalloch had one extra wife ; but, like the early- 
 saints, he was above law — he is now teaching morals to young 
 ladies. Poetry and music will flourish fDrever, where Zo?.^-fel- 
 lows write the hymns and Small-iQWows blow the organ bellows. 
 Boston had Ciceros by the dozen in the revolutionary age. 
 Having no " Cochituate," they threw overboard their " Tea." 
 In modern times they invited Webster to a " tea" party in 
 Faneuil Hall. He begged to be excused. Now he's dead, they 
 stand him before the State House. All the world knows where 
 that is — if they ever saw a Boston man. If we were in Webster's 
 place, we would " beg to be excused." Cambridge is a great 
 " country." Like Washington city, they have a live " Newton." 
 Here they make almanacs and preach without the Bible. If they 
 have no religion, they have more science than all the " saints" 
 f>*om Adam to the Reformation. Dr. Holmes is no " Gallipot." 
 He descended from Homer, and inherited from Homer — a funny 
 " genius.'''' Holmes in Greek, is Homer. This is our discovery. 
 Homer is now writing an improved //iad. iora^fellow is to fol- 
 low suit with an Oc?yssey. Poetry having been some time on 
 its back, is now thought by the M.D.'s to be looking up. Indian 
 " stories" put us to sleep ; but Story's Law 'is—frst-rate. If 
 poetry should be relaxed, none butM.D 's will " Prosper." We 
 hope opium will be discarded, and stimulants substituted. Not 
 homeopathically — we shall not go for small doses while we 
 have friends who invite us to " Refresh." Spiritualism amuses 
 the '' Dunces ;" when we invoke " Spirits," our healthy imagina- 
 tion suggests colored " Liquids." Cambridge has raised Great 
 Men, and lowered Small Men. If we had a larger " corporation," 
 we think Cambridge University would send us a diploma. 
 Revenge is sweet. No professor in Cambridge shall be a "iiej 
 Diamond." We do not wish to be made a " subject" for dissec- 
 tion by these satirizing poetic M.D.'s. The Doctor Warrens 
 nay order their own bones to be hung; but we are positively 
 opposed to being hung by any M.D.'s — we have no taste for 
 amusing the public in that way. We don't care if Cambridge 
 has all thetalents of the country ; the}' haven't " The Wealth of 
 the World." We know one who would like a little less. As 
 brilliant as their '■^Sparks'" were, they never set fire to Charles 
 River ; but a first-rate " Walker" may have jumped over it at 
 " Low" water. If he had fallen in, he woUld have exclaimed 
 with Webster, " Sink or swim, I go for union." The whole 
 county, as well as Cambridge, was always highly examplary. 
 The Puritans did nothing worse than drowning Quakers for not 
 belonging to their church ; in that pious age none but church 
 members could vote. For fifty years "Science" and " Supersti- 
 tion" have been fighting for the control of Cambridge College. 
 
WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 99 
 
 If Superstition shall succeed — off goes the heads of all Unitarian 
 professors. A pretty girl is called a " witch." In ages oi piety, 
 to call a girl a " witch" would have been more fatal than to cry 
 " Mad dog !" Eloquence took leave of New England when 
 Choate bid them adieu. The " majesty" of the age yet lingers 
 with us. Two coZ«»jn5 that supported the "ZJrazon" have bowed 
 where all must bow. A kind Providence yet spares a third. 
 Fortunate indeed will it be for the nation, if the names of Wash- 
 ington and Franklin shall add weight to sentiments which " in- 
 spiration" would gladly inscribe, in letters of gold, on columns 
 of marble. A greater intellect than Everett's — never blessed 
 past ages — is not now with us — may not again, for centuries, 
 visit this " World" of conflict, so uncongenial to him. The men 
 of New England are rich enough to be called emperors, but we 
 believe not one, like Napoleon, usurped a throne. Boston, like 
 Athens, claims to be a Democracy ; but, strangely enough, boasts 
 of a '■'■King." We know this King makes codes of moral laws ; 
 but, like other Kings, his religion is called spurious by the Catho- 
 lics, and by the orthodox Christians. The old kings of history 
 kept a clown under their own roof. This excellent custom was 
 commenced when kings and clowns were intellectually equal, but 
 was discontinued when clowns knew more than kings. We, in 
 New York, have intellectual kings all around us, but not one of 
 them keeps a clown ; at least we never saw one when we 
 dined with ^'Royalty." In early pious ages there was no church 
 without a bishop ; in this wicked age we know churches without 
 a bishop, and bishops without churches. The reason of this is, 
 that merchandising pays better than preaching, and all the talents 
 run in one current. So some say ; but this libel we never cir- 
 culate. That we have real live saints, whose names have not 
 yet been placed in the calendar, admits of no doubt. ' One by 
 one we shall canonize them all, but not all at once. Washing- 
 ton served his country, and charged only his actual expenses ; 
 we know men so patriotic that they will serve the State, or city, 
 for nothing — and pay liberally for the honor. What age can 
 boast of more disinterested patriotism ? A man who sleeps in 
 " the tented field, with his martial cloak around him," is called a 
 fighting man. A man is equally a " warrior''' whether he fights 
 to defend his country — his wife — his property — his honor — or his 
 head. If this man never made a mistake — in war — in politics — 
 in his investments — in brilliant alliances — in the affections of a 
 numerous circle — if success shall always attend him — if he pile up 
 wealth — this man is called all the hard names that envy can com- 
 mand. A successful career is ruinous to reputation — ifonehalf 
 the world are to be b^ieved in opposition to the olher half. An 
 ancient writer has told us that if Caesar had not been a soldier, 
 
100 WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 
 
 and then a general, he would have remained a peasant, " and 
 have been the best wrestler on the green." With one class of 
 our readers, poetry is a safer guide, and more entitled to belief, 
 than prose ; and in this, with few exceptions — such as nevvspa 
 per paragraphs — we agree with them. We always believe all 
 we read in the newspapers, except the editorials. Our theory 
 is, that we have all the material around us, out of which heroes, 
 patriots, sages, poets, prophets, philosophers, statesmen, and 
 saints are made ; it is important that we sustain our theory by 
 competent authority. Here it is : 
 
 " Great Julius on the mountains bred 
 A flock — perhaps a herd had led ; 
 He who the world subdued, had been 
 But the best wrestler on the green." 
 
 All our readers are supposed to be familiar with the classic 
 writers, and if we have made a mistake in our off-hand quotation, 
 they will please put — all right. As we have given our readers 
 the text, we will now give them the sermon. Like other great 
 intellectual productions, we suppose it must be divided into sev- 
 eral heads, 1st. Our work records the names of rich men, and 
 no others. The virtues of our rich men are so numerous that 
 they must be left to theologians — when dead. For us to record 
 the names of the virtuous merchants would be as hopeless as to 
 name the leaves on the trees. 2d. Mr. Taylor is a rich man. 
 3d. Mr. Taylor is a self-made man. 4th. Mr. Taylor will be a 
 very wealthy man ; he is accumulating property rapidly. 5th. 
 Mr. Taylor is a popular man with his political party, and may 
 reach an elevated position. 6th. Mr. Taylor is always at war. 
 Since the invention of five-mile guns and ten-barreled pistols, he 
 wounds, without killing, his legal opponent, and carries off the 
 spoils of victory. One or two Waterloo victories added half a 
 million to his laurels. We know very well that all our readers 
 look to us for direction in all matters of a practical kind. Now 
 we give them full consent to abuse Mr. Taylor as much as they 
 please — in welcome. There is only one thing that we can't let 
 them do — they must not get into a lawsuit with James B. Tay- 
 lor. The purse of our friend Day, one of the longest in the city, 
 is too short to enable Taylor's opponent to see land.* 
 
 Our own pile, large as it is, and now secure in Herring's 
 
 * We copy the following paragraph from the New York Times, July 21, 1859 : '• In 
 the great Indla-Eubber case, lately tried before the Supreme Court in Baltimore, to 
 decide the question of the right to the exclusive manufacture and sale of vulcanized 
 rubber goods, Judge Giles yesterday delivered his opinion, deciding in favor of Mr. 
 Horace H. Day, and a perpetual injunction was granted against other pnrties. Some 
 fifteen other suits were depending upon the issue of thiB, In all of which injunctions will 
 issue." By this decision one or two millions are added to the immense pile of our 
 Tforthy friend. 
 
WEALTH OF THE WOKLD. 101 
 
 safe, can not be loaned for any such purpose. 7th. Intellectual- 
 ly, James B. Taylor is a giant. 8th. No man ever cheated 
 George Law or James B. Taylor out of one dollar. If a rogue 
 should step up to George Law or James B. Taylor and ask 
 for an office — one look of indignation flashed from the eye of 
 one of these men would annihilate the rogue. 9th. When 
 " The Wealth of the World" is appreciated, and the grateful 
 country shall bestow on ns office, in exchange for wealth, we 
 shall remember George and James. One shall hold the nationa' 
 purse, and the other shall dispense justice to the unfortunate 
 All the Dred Scotts shall then have justice, however alarming to 
 the country such an innovation may be. We shall speak well of 
 Seward before the election ; but places in our Cabinet must be 
 filled by long-tried friends of eminent talents. We should cor- 
 respond with Douglas, who seems to be on a peculiar kind of a 
 fence, if he had not offended our President. Our party is emi 
 nently a patriotic party, and will a:ssist each other — as long as 
 the loaves and fishes of ojfice are fairly distributed. This when 
 we are in the White House — shall be done. Will any pnrty do 
 more — than we promise our party ? Where are honest voters to 
 look for all the virtues, if it is not from our party ? The honest 
 politicians who want places in our Cabinet must apply — before 
 the election. '10th. It is our boast that we are just as well ac- 
 quainted with James B. Taylor as with George Law; and we 
 positively assert, that no men in this city are better entitled to 
 the respect of " The Wealth of the World" than these men. 
 11th. We believe — and these men believe — all the world believe — 
 that the best road to wealth is Hone^ity. It was while traveling 
 in this crooked road that we made the acquaintance of so many 
 honest politicians. All the politicians do not travel in the same road 
 with us. 12th. We say to all young men, and to all strictly honest 
 politicians, who are starting in the world, " If you are only in- 
 dustrious — amiable — saving — shrewd — and have fifty cents about 
 you — you can have 'The Wealth of the World.'" What can 
 you put in your pocket half so valuable ? 13th. Some men are 
 great by nature — some acquire eminence by industry — some in- 
 herit wealth and name — but are any men so eminent as those 
 whosH names are already recorded — or are soon to be recorded — 
 perhaps — in " The Wealth of the World ?" 14th. The rejected 
 names are " Legions." We are sorry the " World" is not all 
 rich as well as virtuous. But it is particularly gratifyintr to us 
 to be able to inform applicants that "The Wealth of the World," 
 by our assistance, is attainable. We know very well that a man 
 may obtain a certificate that he possesses all the virtues — for 
 nothing. To put the " Wealth of the World" in your pocket re- 
 quires our assistance. To inscribe your name on imperishable 
 
102 WEALTH OF THE WORLD. ., 
 
 columns, demands that there be — a good bank account, and at 
 least one man who will take your note. We presume no merchant 
 will be found in thirty days who has not read the title-page of 
 " The Wealth of the World," and pronounced it cheap — if he 
 jind his own name in this classic production. We shall present 
 a copy of our standard work to all the libraries. Their funds 
 appropriated for the purchase of scientific works are nearly ex- 
 hausted by the demands of the — ascetics. The darkness and the 
 dogmas of the middle ages — the ages when Catholic superstition 
 was universal — are settling on us. Can anything avert them but 
 a new reformation ? is a question asked hy scientific men. 15th. 
 Mr. Taylor is eminently a man of progress — he is the exponent 
 of the sentiments that are making this age eminent — he has a 
 prominent place in " Young America." He is not the victim of 
 any delusion, past or present. He never sought office — he asks 
 no office. His party — any party — sustained by him, will have 
 the confidence of " The Wealth of the World." With such aids 
 may not any man form high expectations 1 May he not indulge 
 in lofty aspirations ? Mr. Taylor enters with heart and soul into 
 every plan for the elevation of the masses ; he takes an interest 
 in every scheme advanced by the friends of science — the friends 
 of active benevolence — the friends of humanity. Of Mr. Law 
 we shall say more in our next number. We are well acquainted 
 with many prominent men — of few only can we conscientiously 
 say all that we can say of Geo. Law and James B. Taylor. 
 Their talents command universal respect — their convivial hours 
 are the delight of their friends. Mr. Taylor is yet a young man — 
 what will be his wealth if he double his present fortune every 
 ten years ? 
 S. Dexter Bradford, Roxbury, Mass., and Bowers, 
 
 Beekman & Bradford, N. Y $2,000,000 
 
 George Gifford and F. B. Cutting 2,000,000 
 
 Dr. Nott and J. C. Breckenridge 2,000,000 
 
 Amos Willetts & Co. and Macy & Son 2,000,000 
 
 Voorhies & Whitman and P. Lidig 2,000,000 
 
 Oothout and Pierson 2,000,000 
 
 Shepard Knap and C. W. Cotheal 2.000,000 
 
 Madame Jumel, (widow of Aaron Burr) 2,000,000 
 
 Ex-Mayors A. H. Mickle and Fernando Wood 2,000,000 
 
 Bucklin & Crane and W. L. Cogswell 2,000,000 
 
 E. Pierpont, H. E. Davies, and C. O'Connor 2,000,000 
 
 Mrs. Cruger and Miss Grosvenor 2,000,000 
 
 John Steward and D. J. Steward 2,000,000 
 
 J. A. C. Gray and L. Curtis 2,000,000 
 
 Baker & Grover, L M. Singer & Co., and Wheeler 
 
 & Wilson, 2,000,000 
 
WEALTH OF THE AVORLD. 103 
 
 McCurdy & Aldricli, and W. L. McDonald 83,000,000 
 
 Mr. McDonald is one of the most successful men in this city. 
 If, anywhere south of Mason & Dixon's line, you are invited by 
 the Governor of the State or by a prominent member of Con- 
 gress to take a seat in his coach, you may be sure Mr. McDonald 
 constructed that — specimen of the arts. More of M. McDonald in 
 our next number. 
 
 Wm. Watson, and Tarrant Putnam $2,000,000 
 
 William Layton, Wm, Wall, J. M. Waterbury, ) „ aqa nnn 
 
 and Noah Waterbury ) ' ' 
 
 Mr, N, Waterbury is a very efficient President of a bank ; he is 
 now 84 years of age, 
 Nicholas Wvckoff", J. A. Cross, C. J. Miller, and ) *„ ^p.^, nr,n. 
 
 Charles Burrall f *^'^""'"^" 
 
 Mr. Burrall made $60,000 by selling dry goods, and the balance 
 by discounting notes in a place called Wall street. He is a gen- 
 uine Spiritualist, and obtained his information from the Spirit 
 World — so some say, and he believes. 
 
 L. Von Hoffman, Selig-man & Stettheimer, and } *,, . .^ . . _ 
 ■^^^■ a V \ n C «'2,000,000 
 
 Wm, Sehgman & Co ) ' 
 
 James Hewitt, and George Leland 2,000,000 
 
 A. A. Low, and D. Low 2,000,000 
 
 Jewitt & Sons, and J. D. Sparkman 2,000,000 
 
 W. B. Duncan, and D. Vandusen , 2,000,000 
 
 Booth & Edgar, and Sturgiss, Bennett & Co 2,000,000 
 
 J. De Nottebeck 2,000,000 
 
 B. F. Wheelwright, and J. W. Lawrence 2,000,000 
 
 Haight, Halsey & Co., and D. Henry Haight 2,000,000 
 
 A. A. Lowerre & Brothers 2,000,000 
 
 B. Loder, and Geo. W. Brown 2,000,000 
 
 W. Bard, and W. Hogue 2,000,000 
 
 James Brown, and John Slade 7,000,000 
 
 J. Sturgis, and H. A. Kerr 2,000,000 
 
 J. H. Lucas, St. Louis, Mo 5,000,000 
 
 H. A. Burr, and C. G. Gunther, and J. D. Phillips. 2,000,000 
 
 Watts Sherman, and W. K. Thorn 2,000,000 
 
 W. H. Webb 2,000,000 
 
 Mr. Webb should build all the government steam frigates. 
 Drexel & Co., and Thompson Brothers, and ) *„ qqq qqq 
 
 Sweeny, Rittenhouse & Co f ' ' 
 
 Mr. F. M. Drexel, of Philadelphia, is the senior partner of 
 the well-known banking-house of Drexel & Co, Mr. Drexel^ is 
 a German by birth, and possesses their usual excellent education 
 and their talents. The house is in the front rank of wealthy 
 
104 WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 
 
 bankers. The new firm of Read, Drcxel & Co., ill this city, are 
 the successors to Van VIeek, Read & Drexel. 
 
 Mr. Sweeny was paying and receiving teller in the bank of 
 Washington, in the city of Washington, D. C. He is a man of 
 eminent talents. Mr. Samuel Fowler, one of the firm of S.,R. & 
 Co., Washington City, is one of the heirs of the great Fowler 
 estate, of New Orleans. Mr. Difief, another member of the 
 same firm, is also one of the heirs to the Fowler estate. 
 
 Thompson Brothers have already taken their place in the front 
 rank of our judicious bankers and brokers. They employ as 
 many clerks, and transact, every day, as much business as any 
 money operators in Wall street. The responsibility of the house 
 is placed on the most substantial basis — ample capital and un- 
 doubted integrity. 
 
 The Messrs. Thompsons are the sons of John Thompson, who 
 for twenty years was the leading ge7iius of Wall street. No 
 bank was considered solvent if its vaults were not opened to his 
 inspection ; no loan could be obtained till its elements were dis- 
 cussed and approved in John Thompson's J9?•^wate room.' A man 
 of more integrity than John Thompson, never walked on 'Change. 
 He was to money operators, the same never-to-be-beat, that Paul 
 Morphy is to chess-players. 
 
 Many of our millionaires made their money while taking John 
 Thompson's Bank Note Reporter and following his directions. 
 If he said La Crosse or Hudson River Railroad stock had no value, 
 the men who didn't believe him soon wore a long face^ and then 
 promised to believe every word they read in Thompson's Bank 
 Note Reporter. 
 
 The writer of this article has known John Thompson for 
 thirty years. He has known him, immensely rich, loaning his 
 money to the United States, and to the State, and he knows 
 that talents like his will again acquire wealth. Five years of 
 prosperous business is an independent fortune to any man who is 
 posted up in Wall street — that " labyrinth" of money-changers — 
 the street J9ayec? with gold. 
 
 Thompson's Bank Note Reporter is just what it always was. 
 A judicious merchant would as soon go without an iron safe as 
 he would go without the perfectly reliable information that 
 Thompson always gives. Half a dozen spurious births and. 
 premature deaths of " Reporters," have taken place since Thomp- 
 son's Reporter commenced its valuable career; it will live while 
 talents are respected and truth is preferred to fiction. 
 
 The Pope and Archbishop Hughes $100,000,000 
 
 The Pope rules and reigns over 120,000,000 of Catholics. If 
 
•WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 105 
 
 he shall receive twenty-five cents from each, it will he §30,000,000 
 annually. We wish every person who has any interest in mak- 
 ing the laws of the United States, to read the JVew York Times, 
 of July 19, 1859. He will there find an account of the attack, 
 by the troops of the Holy Pope^ on Mr. Perkins and family, in- 
 cluding the widow of the late Bishop Doane, of New Jersey. 
 We should more willingly live in the United States, with Mike 
 Walsh, or fillibuster Walker for President, than we would live 
 under any government claiming religion or superstition as the 
 basis of authority. 
 
 While this article was in the printer's hands, and all of it, to 
 this line, was composed, we hear (July 25, 1859) that the Pope 
 of Rome is to be King of all Italy. We suppose he will soon 
 follow the example of his illustrious predecessors, and place his 
 foot on the neck of Protestant kings. This war, like many 
 other wars, has resulted in changing one despot for a worse des- 
 pot. This is an indication of the Religious sentiment of the age. 
 Alas ! for freedom ! AVe are returning to the superstition of the 
 dark ages. There is but one more act to perform, and the cli- 
 max of " absurdity " will be perfected. It is to nominate Arch- 
 bishop Hughes for the next President. This nomination we now 
 make. We recommend to all who believe in Dogmas to vote for 
 him. We wish to know how pious the nation is. 
 Abm. R. Van Nest 12,000,000 
 
 A clergyman of this city. Mr. Van Nest inherited an immense 
 estate, and by accumulation is placed among our Red Diamonds. 
 Mr. V. married Miss Willett, and half a million. 
 The brothers Ronalds $2,000,000 
 
 Grandsons of Peter Lorillard. They are most estimable citi- 
 zens. 
 
 Mr. Dykeman, and J. W. Allen $2,000,000 
 
 B. L. Swan, and G. H. Pierce 2,000,000 
 
 E. Anthony, and W. L. Ormsby, and American ) „ „„ 
 
 Bank Note Co ' f A00U,UUU 
 
 If we were asked to name a man who has, for years, stood in 
 the front rank of our artists, nobly sustaining them by his exam- 
 ple and by his material aid, we should name E. Anthony. His 
 rooms in Broadway are crowded with all that men of taste and 
 ladies of taste most admire. A visit to his rooms is like making 
 a tour of Europe. There is not a public building — a palace of 
 a peer — a field of battle — a celebrated bridge — a church of the 
 middle ages — a Melrose abbey m the Fifth avenue, that is not 
 placed visibly before you, while seated in his elegant salesrooms. 
 Every person who visits the city, and every resident should make 
 
106 WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 
 
 an earl}'' call at E. Anthony's Stereoscopic Emporium, No. 308 
 Broadway. [See his advertisement in this edition.] 
 
 In this number we present to our readers a perfect likeness of 
 one of the three men (see page 75), to whom, we think, the 
 world is more deeply indebted than to any others now on the 
 stage ; or to any, who, for a time, received the homage of a 
 grateful people, and passed to their reward. A more perfect 
 likeness never came from the hands of any artist than Mr. Orms- 
 by has given us of Professor Morse. Mr. Morse is now about 
 sixty-eight years of age, and is the oldest son of the Eev J. 
 Morse. What will be the value of this eno:ravin(T in comino- 
 time, if passed by us to our children and our children's children ? 
 The most scientific men of Europe are now testifying their 
 respect for the genius that conceived the greatest of all discov- 
 eries. This discovery reaches the confines of " human efforts" and 
 nearly passes to the bounds of " superhuman agency." To om- 
 niscience and omnipresence we refer all things. The Creator of 
 the Universe is beyond our ken. Although unable to see him, 
 we are, at the same instant, able to see 100,000,000 of his worlds. 
 If the telegraph wire could reach these worlds, would not super- 
 human power be revealed to us ? Who could, by searching, find 
 out more of the Deity? Gravitation is a law of Nature, a law 
 of God ; and extends to the planet Neptune, discovered by Le- 
 verrier, and to the most distant spheres. Electricity is a law of 
 nature, a law of God ; and extends, like gravitation, to every 
 sphere which a sun illumes, or on which the lightnings flash. 
 0716 Morse has united, by the lightning's flash, all places on this 
 globe ; may not a second Morse, or a second Franklin — by the 
 lightning's flash — by the electric current — by a law of 
 nature yet undiscovered — ultimately communicate with the most 
 distant spheres, and continue the "Revelations" that science has 
 commenced ? 
 
 If Newton had not discovered the law of gravitation, Leverrier 
 could not have discovered the place of Neptune. If we imagine 
 a circle drawn around our globe, the circumference of which is 
 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 miles, 
 and are told that Leverrier, by the aid of the law of gravitation, 
 and by mathematics, was enabled to tell where, in this circle, Nep- 
 tune would be found, although Leverrier had not seen it, we can, 
 in some measure, estimate the value of science. Science pointed 
 the telescope, but it was held in the hands of an astronomer, the 
 friend of Leverrier. In an instant an immense world — a revolv- 
 ing world — not as before, a star — was added to our solar system. 
 If we imagine a human eye placed at the centre of the sun, and 
 around the centre of the sun, we imagine as many pointed tele- 
 
•WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 1(37 
 
 scopes as are represented by tte line of figures that we liave just 
 used, every single telescope will point directly to a star. No 
 person living can point to any part of the Heavens without 
 pointing directly to one star,* 
 
 Will not the study of a subhme science raise us above the 
 hatred of each other, engendered by positive errors, in which we 
 we were schooled ? Knowledge looks down upon ignorance with 
 pity. When the masses are educated, discord on earth will cease. 
 When dogmas were invented^ the sun of science had not risen ; 
 darkness sat brooding over a benighted world. To dispel this 
 darkness — to show us a Creator through a Creator's laws — God's 
 laws — Nature's laws — is the mission of science. Dogmas are 
 nearly dead. Science is just dawning. A glorious day, bright 
 with the beams of science, is before us. May it speed on till 
 superstition is dispelled — till God's noon-day sun shall gild the 
 distant lands, and show the whole world the pathway to know- 
 ledge and to him. 
 
 Without the law of gravitation, worlds could not be suspend- 
 ed in space : without electricity, animal life and vegetable life 
 could not be sustained — chaos would reign. The God of Nature 
 — the Creator — made the laws and suspended the worlds in 
 space : it was not the God about which men quarrel, and have 
 for centuries killed each other. The whole intellectual world 
 are united in their views of the Creator ; no battle-field has ever 
 been stained with human gore, to enforce his claims to our devo- 
 tion. 
 
 The language of Catholic theology once was, "God made this 
 one world out of yiothingP The language of Protestant theology 
 is, " God and Nature made the laws by which all the worlds 
 were created and are sustained." Is our worship less pure than 
 theirs? Is our faith less strong? Have the discoveries of 
 science lessened our faith ? Have they not opened to us the 
 knowledge of numerous laws of which the ancients knew no- 
 thing ? Early nations believed in a host of man-gods — mortal 
 gods ! but they could not believe in a Creator God., for they 
 knew nothing of his laws^ which science alone has revealed. If 
 mankind had been in its earliest stages enlightened by our 
 sciences., religious disputes — persecutions — religious wars between 
 
 * Leverrier, hy figures, could tell in what direction Neptune would be found, but 
 he was mistaken in the distance. The earth is 95,000,000 of miles from the sun. 
 Leverrier said Neptune would be found thirty-seven times 95,000,000 of miles from 
 the sun. Neptune is only thirty times 95,000,000 of miles from Die sun. Read Prof 
 Pierce's recent work on the Celestial Spheres. This valuable work is published by 
 subscription and the publishers have nol yet received their outlay. We may omit. 
 by acciden*. in the" Wealthof the world," his name, who omits to purchase the 
 most scientific, the most religious work ever published in this country — perhaps in 
 any country. A person who can comprehend one tenth part of its sublime ' Theoh 
 ogy," cannot be an " Infldel.'' Little & Brown, Boston, are the liberal publishers. 
 
108 WEALTH OF THE WOKLD. 
 
 nations — disputed succession to thrones — tlie bloody Druids — 
 the victims of Juggernaut — Turks — Catholics — stupid Mor- 
 mons — burning widows — human sacrifices — streams of blood 
 from human hearts — would not have been known. All of these 
 were called religion by the priests. 
 
 The priests of all the early nations claimed inspiration as their 
 authority; they were the messengers of God to man. 
 
 T\iej all had Bibles, but all were of their own manufacture, 
 like the Mormon Bible of the present day. The believers in 
 mortal gods paid them adoration, and extended it to the priests. 
 The priests taught that a vindictive God could be appeased only 
 by the performance of bloody rites; these were the only escape 
 from — the lower regions. 
 
 Priests should have led the people to the study of science — 
 to the study of the arts — to literature — to civilization. They 
 have led the people, in all past time, to error — to superstition — 
 to ceaseless conflict — to demoralization — to Popery — to despot- 
 ism. 
 
 Does not the mythology of a nation either advance or retard 
 civilization ? 
 
 What nation now takes the lead in those acquisitions which 
 make life all that a beneficent Creator would make it ? 
 
 Is it the " murdering" dominion of the " Holy Church " in 
 "Italy debased"? 
 
 Is it the land of " Promise," where Popes and Kings are 
 united to enslave the people ? 
 
 Is it fighting, butchering Mexico ? 
 
 Is it Lower Canada ? 
 
 Is it benighted and bleeding Ireland ? Is it not that " Coun- 
 try without religion" — the United States. 
 
 No nation is capable of being civilized, that is not capable of 
 comprehending the sciences which reveal the Creator through 
 nature's laws. Greece and Rome led other nations, but they 
 knew nothing of our sciences ; they had numerous man-gods. 
 The Greek writers are by some supposed to have believed their 
 mythology to be true ; they, like Egyptians and Hebrews, sacri- 
 ficed human beings on their religious altars. The Mexicans, so 
 recently as the time of Cortez, did the same. 
 
 The Roman, or classical writers, certainly did not believe 
 their gods to be more than ingenious fictions ; some of whom 
 proceeded from poetry, and some from priests. Their mytholo- 
 gy — their religion — was not essentially above the pagan mytholo- 
 gy of the nations they conquered. The Romans did not reach the 
 
WEAXTH OF THE WORLD. 109 
 
 civilization that suggested or revealed a Creator for their wor« 
 ship.* 
 
 Rome had four hundred and twenty temples, dedicated to four 
 hundred and twenty Gods — all of them Gods of earth ; but the 
 Creator had no temple, and received no worship. Our Savior wor- 
 shiped the Father who was in Heaven, and paid tribute to Cassar, 
 but he would not worship human Gods — the mythological Gods 
 of Rome — and he ascended the cross to expiate his crime. To 
 worship more than one God he pronounced idolatry. To dispel 
 idolatry was the Divine mission of Christianity. It is now the 
 nineteenth century — by what law are we required to worship a 
 plurality of Gods '? The Catholics have, like the Romans, hun- 
 dreds of churches, dedicated to hundreds of Gods. The words 
 Master, Saint, God, Lord, Prophet, and many others, were words 
 of exactly the same meaning in the early languages. The He- 
 brew Gods were called by all these names. The Catholic dog- 
 mas are the "Remains" of numerous Pagan Systems of Mythol- 
 ogy. Nearly all the "Saints," who now have churches named 
 after them, were Gods of Pagan Mythology. Moses was a man, 
 and a law-maher, but the Jews called him their vispired God. Our 
 la w-malcers ivill not be canonized till they have beeti dead as long as Moses. 
 St. Peter was a man, but he was an inspired God of the Catholics 
 on earth, and held the keys of Heaven, till they were delivered 
 to the Pope. Fifteen hundred years ago the council of ecclesias- 
 tics adojjted Moses and all the Hebrew Gods as their Gods, and 
 taught the existence of other Gods, not adopted in the Hebrew 
 Mythology. If Moses was an inspired God, and if St. Peter was 
 an inspired God, and if they invested the Pope, and through him 
 all the Popes, with their inspiration, was not the Pope, and all 
 the Popes, inspired Gods'? loas the Catholic logic. By preaching 
 the doctrine of eternal punishment to the unbeliever, they made 
 their sentiments the sentiments of all who dared to speak or write 
 for ten centuries. If the ecclesiastics had made this doctrine 
 universal, the Reformation could not have blessed the world — ■ 
 despotism would have reigned forever : all the Popes would 
 have been mighty Kings, like the present Pope. 
 
 Ignorance and superstition, aided by the Inquisition, swept 
 like a deluge over Europe ; science was expelled — Grecian and 
 Roman literature destroyed — the human intellect was dwarfed 
 — the light of " reason" seemed flickering ere it left the world for- 
 ever. War among petty kings and ecclesiastics was perpetual — 
 
 * There is no evidence tfiat public religious instruction formed any part of the 
 duty of the priests, or was ever connected with their public worship, which con- 
 sisted in performini? unmeaning ceremonies, and oifering living creatures as sacri- 
 fices on polluted altars. Nothing like preaching or sacred oratory was known. — 
 EschenburgKs Manual of Classical Literature — page 237. 
 
110 WEAI.TH OF THE WORLD. 
 
 freedom and civilization bid the world adieu for one thousand 
 years. Popes, Cardinals, monks, divided the soil — Genius spoke 
 only in whispers. If the Creator has blessings in store for man- 
 kind, he must enlighten the minds of 120,000,000 of men. 
 European wars may be a blessing in disguise. If Catholic kings 
 — Catholic monks — Catholic dogmas — are to rule the world 
 again — then ages of pitchy darkness are decreed to man. Hap- 
 py indeed are we, on this side of the ocean, that kings, and 
 Popes, and monks, are only names hated for what they have 
 done — hated for what we know they would do — hated as 
 despots, fit only to rule among ignorant slaves. Protestant 
 Christianity, at the Reformation (1515), taught the belief of one 
 God, the Creator. When belief in this doctrine is universal — per- 
 secution — religious wars — mutual hatred between races — will 
 afflict the world no more. The more of the Creator's laws we 
 discover, the more clearly we see that " the Hand that made 
 them is Divine." Scientific men are the true believers in the 
 existence of a Creator The astronomer positively knows, that 
 the solar system could not revolve without His laws. Theolo- 
 gians may quarrel about names of the Deity — philosophers never 
 do. It is the Spirit — the Justice — the Sublimity — the incompre- 
 hensibility of the Creator and his laws, that all — positively all — the 
 " Intellectual" now worship. "Was there ever an age as religious 
 — as truly devout — was there ever an age, or nation, as enlighten- 
 ed as our own ? Was there ever a country in which the priesthood 
 had less power to lead public sentiment — to dash contending fac- 
 tions in deadly conflict on each other ? 
 
 We claim for this country and this Age, the first pure worship 
 of One God, without the early idolatry that fixed an artificial 
 system on the " World." " We believe in God." This is a Uni- 
 versal creed. To Him, and to Him only, the intellectual address 
 their prayers. Around His Throne, when our pilgrimage is 
 ended, we devoutly hope to assemble. A man who denies that 
 God and Nature, the Creator, created all things, and through 
 Nature's laws rule all things, will in his ignorance deny that the 
 sun ever shines, and that he himself exists. 
 
 Was it not one of the Creator's laws, which, when discovered 
 by Jackson, banished pain from half the world % 
 
 This " Revelation " not only shows whence it came, but it 
 shows the beneficence of a God. If we call God's greatest bless- 
 ings " Revelations," all the world will be numbered with the 
 faithful — aU will be sincere helkvers. Knowledge and devotion 
 are as inseparably united, as are ignorance and superstition. Be- 
 tween the worshipers of these two churches, there must ever be 
 
"WEALTH OF THE WORLD. Ill 
 
 dlpcord. Nothing but light and truth can dispel ignorance and 
 error, and unite the world of worshipers in one creed — one God. 
 One church will ever worship the Creator of the Universal Sys- 
 tem, who is in Heaven ; the other will, 'mid ceaseless conflicts, 
 worship a God on earth. Wlio beside priests can desire eternal 
 agitation 1 VThsit laws of Science, or of God, did the early priests 
 discover ? "Wlio dared proclaim a discovery while Galileo, and 
 hundreds of others were in the cells of the Inquisition ? These 
 Popes, Cardinals, Priests,and Monks, promised house-lots in Hea- 
 ven, in exchange for houses and lands on earth. The speculation 
 proved a good one, and they soon owned half of Europe. Those 
 
 who had no house-lots were disposed of below. If the writer 
 
 can connect the names of Jackson, and Morse, and the host of 
 our scientific men, with the names of the first artists of the 
 country, he wiU be satisfied with his own share of fame. 
 These men teach a Theology that Avill not embroil the world 
 in never-ending disputes — never-ending persecutions — never- 
 ending wars — never-ending contentions in social life — never- 
 ending disputes between the educated and the ignorant. — 
 He would on their account have his record read, while genius 
 has admirers — while " Revelation" and the true God shall have 
 worshipers — while the world shall progress in knowledge and 
 in truth. We shall present to our readers, we hope, in succeed- 
 ing numbers, specimens of Mr. Ormsby's bank-note engrav- 
 ing. They are perfect gems. As early as circumstances permit, 
 we shall contract with him for a $250 likeness of IVIr. Field, 
 who, we are happy to say, has returned to his family, with the 
 certainty that the great pursuit of his life is, under his own di- 
 rection — soon to be completed. We thank him. We thank him. 
 Grahams Policy, J. M. Furman, Barnett John-") ^^ aaa nnn 
 
 son, Claude Gignoux, Charles Christmas . . . . ) ' ' 
 
 Myndert Van Schaick, and Campbell, HaU & Co. 2,000,000 
 
 Lee Claflflin and Joseph Whitney, Boston 2,000,000 
 
 John Paine and James Phalen 2,000,000 
 
 T. H. Faile & Brother, and John Caswell 2,000,000 
 
 L. M. Hoffman, and James McBride , 2,000,000 
 
 Dater and IVIiller, and Levi Apgar 3,000,000 
 
 Schenck and Barsalow 2,000,000 
 
 Chamberlain & Phelps, and Lawrence 2,000,000 
 
 George Taylor and James Taylor 2,000,000 
 
 J. Anderson, and Lilienthal, and Connelly 2,000,000 
 
 W. B. Ireland and A. Iselin 2,000,000 
 
 H. Douglass, and J. F. Freeborn, and A. Chi-)_ 2 qOO 000 
 
 Chester, and W. D. Murphy j" ' ' 
 
112 WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 
 
 W. F. Mott, find Charles Fox, and John Lever-") „ „ „^ - _ _ 
 
 edge, and A. Briggs j" ' ' 
 
 Dr. Anderson, J. E. Shaw and T. E. Davis 2,000,000 
 
 Shanck & DoAvning, Charles Canavello& Delmo-}' „ ^^^ „„^ 
 ° > 2,000,000 
 
 nico j ' 
 
 Valentine G. Hall, and A. Meserole 2,000,000 
 
 E. B. Forbes, and H. Grier, Boston 2,000,000 
 
 Jabez C. Howe & Co., and G. Howe, Boston 2,000,000 
 
 J. McCall, and B. F. Manice, 2,000,000 
 
 George P. Rogers & Sister 2,000,000 
 
 D. E. Parmly, and D. Wood 2,000,000 
 
 L. S. Haskell and the residents of Lewelling Park 5,000,000 
 
 At North Orange, N. J. 
 
 We are Yankees, and cannot spell the name of a Welsh or 
 Scotch Town with four "I's," as L Jewelling. A place so 
 lovely should have had a more lovely name. Near Rome, 1800 
 years ago, was a retreat called Tusculum. Near London is 
 Middlesex, and near Middlesex are half a dozen other lovely 
 country villages. Cicero and Hortensius have by their writ- 
 ings immortalized Tusculum,* and at this day every American 
 who visits Rome rides out to Tusculum to breathe the " inspir- 
 ation" with which genius has invested it. 
 
 Boston has its Cambridge, Dorchester, Roxbury, Melrose, and 
 Brookline. Philadelphia, Baltimore, and all places of wealth, 
 have lovely suburban residences, to which men of wealth and 
 taste retire from the dust of large cities, and all these places 
 have had the fame that literature and literary leisure, could 
 award. 
 
 If one person of wealth and taste should read this article, we 
 advise him to visit Lewelling Park. AVe have seen lovely places, 
 but never a more lovely place. A view from the tower, recently 
 erected, commands a view of the city of New York ; and a circle 
 bounded not by mountains, not by plains, the eye ranges as far 
 as the horizon. Ships at sea — lovely villas — cultivated farms — 
 an enchanting panorama — are spread out as if for your special 
 delight — and are limited only by the setting sun. A ramble 
 through the grounds is the realization of the Poet's dream. We 
 will proclaim the blessings of wealth, while wealth opens to us 
 temples Avhere we would worship. No reflecting man ever 
 passed an hour in such a spot, who did not thank the God 
 of Goodness, that by a life of patient toil, we can, as our re- 
 ward, live a charmed life amid waterfalls — grottos — dells- 
 temples — statues — forest trees — flowers— ^fruits— cool shades — 
 
 * For a mmnte description of Tusculum as seen in Cicero's time, and as seen at this 
 ■day. read Duulopa lioman Literature, Vol 2, Article Cicero. 
 
"WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 113 
 
 a labyrinth of beauty created by Nature for the lovers of art 
 — the lovers of Nature — the lovers of the picturesque — the 
 worshipers of the pure — the Holy. We thank Mr. Davis — 
 the architect — the Michael Angelo of his time, for what 
 he has done for us. No other man could have combined nature 
 and art, and have produced such a wilderness of loveliness. The 
 rush to Lewelling Park assures us that taste as well as wealth 
 are the characteristics of this age. We hope IMr. Haskell will 
 limit every purchaser to a feio acres, that many may enjoy the 
 residence that all who visit must covet. 
 
 The wi'iter of these lines never saw Mr. Haskell nor his 
 partners, and but one of the residents of the Park. Those only 
 who visit the Park can decide whether our taste is good taste. 
 Coman and Leupp, how much % 
 
 C. O. Halsted, and Games & Haskell ^2,000,000 
 
 Burnham, Plumb & Co., and Augustus Ward 2,000,000 
 
 W. W. Havermeyer and Miller 2,000,000 
 
 W. G. Hunt, and W. C. Wilmerding ■.-^-. . . . 2,000,000 
 
 T. Suffern, and J. B. Yarnum 2,000,000 
 
 D. Lord, and Ex-Judge Vanderpool 2,000,000 
 
 Carney and Sleeper, Boston 2,000,000 
 
 Hugh Maxwell, and J. W. Gerard 2,000,000 
 
 Draper and D. A. Cushman 2,000,000 
 
 Low, Herriman & Co. and Dibble, Work & Moore. 2,000,000 
 
 C. Stetson, H. D. Clapp 1 
 
 Paron Stevens, A. Clark o r^r^r^ nnn 
 
 J. P. Treadweil, W. Leland. . ., f ^,000,000 
 
 H. Cranston, Putnam J 
 
 These men have acquired their fortunes in the "Public Pal- 
 aces " of the city ; no men are more esteemed. 
 
 D. D. Winchester 
 
 J. S. Stebbens 
 
 B. G. Clark '. 
 
 Richard French 
 
 Alvan Higgins .' . 1,500,000 
 
 Mr. A. Higgins is a native of Maine. He commenced the 
 carpet business in this city, and acquired a large fortune in a 
 short time : he and his brothers are the owners of the large car- 
 pet factory on Forty-third street, near the North River. He in- 
 vested largely on Murray, Chambers, and Warren streets, and 
 doubled his money. He owns the Lawi'ence place, comprising 
 fifteen acres — one of the most valuable places on the North 
 River ; on this he now resides. He owns the eleven houses on 
 one block on Murray Hill. Where, in the United States, is there 
 
 $1,000,000 
 
114 WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 
 
 a more valuable investment "? There is but one great free coun- 
 try where wealth, intelligence, virtue, and happiness, surpass all 
 other countries. There is one State that leads all other States 
 of this favored country. There is in this State one City that 
 surpasses other cities in wealth and splendor. In this favored 
 City is one avenue that surpasses other avenues. In this avenue 
 is a spot more elevated — more beautiful — crowded with more 
 splendid houses than any other avenue. From this spot may be 
 seen a landscape that cannot be surpassed. Here may be seen, 
 at the same moment, both the North and East Rivers. Here 
 is the Croton Reservoir. From this spot, as from the heart, 
 shall flow through every artery a current of life — health 
 and temperance — forever. The founders of this crystal foun- 
 tain should be remembered as long as its blessings are enjoyed. 
 Around this fountain are placed flowers that perfume the air. 
 Is not this spot the Temple where all would offer thanks for bless- 
 ings that rich and poor equally enjoy ? AVill not the living beau- 
 ty, the " more than marble Venuses," here find their most loved 
 promenade! Will not youth, and age, and "taste refined," here 
 linger to exchange looks and thoughts, that hope — and happi- 
 ness — and Heaven suggest ? May we not hope that here, the 
 intellectual — the virtuous — the wealthy will often meet to 
 exchange the nod of recognition, and under Heaven's canopy, 
 offer thanks that so much is given us ? Is not this the apex of 
 the greatest country of the greatest age ? In what other country 
 is there a Fifth avenue ? In what other country is there a Mur- 
 ray Hill ? From the top of Mr. Higgins' block, erected by Mr. 
 George Higgins, may be seen more splendid houses than from 
 any other in this wealthy city — any other in the Union. In 
 one direction is seen Union Square. In the opposite direction 
 is the Central Park. This Park will be unequaled in the world. 
 
 Can this view fail to fill the heart of sensibility with delight ? 
 Mr. Davis was the architect of Mr. Higgins' Square ; should we 
 Bot thank him for giving us a design that has originality, taste, 
 and beauty, to recommend it ? New York City, and the cities 
 around it, will, in this century, be the abode of 2,000,000 of 
 souls. Will not " The Wealth of the World" secure a '' Palace," 
 while a house or a lot remains ? Every unoccupied lot will 
 double its value in five years. 
 
 We give our readers the names of the residents in the Fifth 
 avenue, and in succeeding numbers we shall give the names of 
 the residents of the most wealthy streets of the city. These re- 
 sidents may be estimated to represent fortunes from half a mil- 
 lion to ten millions of dollars. The blanks are churches or un- 
 
WEALTH OF THE "WORLD. 
 
 115 
 
 occupied lots ; two or three lots 
 person. 
 
 No. 
 
 3. W. Oothout. 
 
 5. W. Vanhook. 
 
 6. Lispenard Stewart. 
 
 7. Vandervoort. 
 
 8. Jolin T. Johnson. 
 
 9. A.Clark. 
 
 10. T. Egleston. 
 
 11. A. Clark. 
 
 12. O. Slate. 
 
 13. A. Clark. 
 
 14. A. Barber. 
 
 15. N. Carpenter. 
 
 16. S. Draper. 
 
 17. H. Hopkms. 
 19. S. C. Herring. 
 21. J. Rehwick, Jr. 
 23. J. P. Marsh. 
 25. G. Morris. 
 27. Dr. Potts. 
 29. R. Varick. 
 
 31. J. Marsh. 
 
 32. A. ShifF. 
 
 33. T. G. Woodi'uff. 
 37. F. Cottinet. 
 
 39. G. N. Miller. 
 
 40. J. A. C. Gray. 
 
 41. ]\Irs. Kennedy. 
 
 42. E. H. Dixon. 
 
 43. J. Wurts. 
 
 44. H. R. Remsen. 
 
 46, A. B. Belknap. 
 
 47. D. E. Hawley. 
 49. J. S. Rogers. 
 51. Eli White. 
 53. J. Lenox. 
 55. E. S. Maitland. 
 57. J. Donaldson. 
 
 59. W. H. Osbom. 
 
 60. R. B. Mintum. 
 
 61. J. Lenox. 
 
 62. C. T. Abbott. 
 
 63. C. A. Hecksher. 
 
 are sometimes occupied by one 
 
 No. 
 
 64. Coles Morris. 
 
 65. Japhet Bishop. 
 
 66. Dr. G. S. Bedford. 
 68. T. R. Foster. 
 
 70. J. McBride. 
 
 71. R. K. Slaight. 
 
 72. Mrs. Banks. 
 
 73. D. B. Fearing. 
 
 74. H. N. Wright, 
 
 75. J. H. Coster. 
 
 76. P. A. Hargous. 
 
 77. H. F. Coster. 
 
 78. J. E. Cooley. 
 
 79. George Opdike. 
 
 80. B. Amar, 
 
 81. V. Brooks. 
 
 82. M. Van Schaick, 
 
 83. D. Parish. 
 
 85. IMrs. C. L. Spencer. 
 
 86. P. VanValkenburgh. 
 
 87. T. H. Faile. 
 
 88. W. M. Halstead. 
 
 89. J. IMcCall. 
 
 90. A. H. Isham. 
 
 91. G. Griswold, jr. 
 
 92. G. W. Pratt. 
 
 93. E. W, Stoughton. 
 
 94. E. I-Io}i:, 
 
 95. H, E. Davies. 
 
 96. C. M. Parker, 
 
 97. E. Delafield. 
 
 98. A. Vail. 
 
 99. R. L. Kennedy. 
 
 100. F. C. Gibhard. 
 
 101. E. Matthews. 
 
 102. S. C. Hewing. 
 
 103. E. Pierpont. 
 
 104. J. Corse. 
 
 105. J. W. ^Vhitney. 
 108. P. Hayden, 
 
 107. 11. O. Roberts. 
 
 108. A. Jones. 
 
116 
 
 WEALTH OP THE "SVORLD. 
 
 No. 
 
 
 No 
 
 
 109 
 
 A. Belmont. 
 
 166. 
 
 A. A. Lowerre. 
 
 110 
 
 R. M. Gibbes. 
 
 168. 
 
 P. M. Martin. 
 
 111 
 
 J. K. Ilerrick. 
 
 170. 
 
 W. Sherman. 
 
 112 
 
 T. S. Gibbes. 
 
 172. 
 
 C. S. Douglass. 
 
 114. 
 
 A. C. Kingsland. 
 
 174. 
 
 W. F. Cooledge. 
 
 116 
 
 D. C. Kingsland. 
 
 182. 
 
 M. Pepoon. 
 
 118. 
 
 G* Lewis. 
 
 184. 
 
 W. H. Peckham. 
 
 119 
 
 G. W. Turner. 
 
 186. 
 
 Paron Stevens. 
 
 120. 
 
 E. Townsend. 
 
 194. 
 
 D. M. Stephenson. 
 
 121. 
 
 J. Eandall. 
 
 196. 
 
 A. Mellen. 
 
 122. 
 
 M. Taylor. 
 
 198. 
 
 S. Perry. 
 
 123. 
 
 S. Holmes. 
 
 200. 
 
 S. M. Mead. 
 
 124. 
 
 W. B. Moifat. 
 
 202. 
 
 S. V. Hoffman. 
 
 125. 
 
 J. R. Chilton. 
 
 207. 
 
 Dr. Hull. 
 
 126. 
 
 C. A. Smith. 
 
 208. 
 
 U. H. Wolfe. 
 
 127. 
 
 J. B. Murray. 
 
 209. 
 
 J. F. Ludlow. 
 
 128. 
 
 G. W. Burnham. 
 
 210. 
 
 A. Wycoff. 
 
 129. 
 
 P. Townsend. 
 
 211. 
 
 F. E. Siffkins. 
 
 130. 
 
 S. Mason. 
 
 212. 
 
 D. Higgins. 
 
 131. 
 
 J. Ridley. 
 
 213. 
 
 C. A. Whitney. 
 
 132. 
 
 S. Mason. 
 
 214. 
 
 J. C. Baldwin. 
 
 133. 
 
 R. Williamson. 
 
 215. 
 
 J. M. Fiske. 
 
 134. 
 
 H. Beadle. 
 
 216. 
 
 W. M. Clark. 
 
 135. 
 
 C. R. Green. 
 
 217. 
 
 T. U. Smith. 
 
 136. 
 
 J. J. Cisco. 
 
 218. 
 
 R. E. Livingston. 
 
 137. 
 
 E. S. Pliggins. 
 
 219. 
 
 J. Barrow. 
 
 138. 
 
 J. F. A. Sanford. 
 
 220. 
 
 J. T. Bradley. 
 
 139. 
 
 L. Andrev/s. 
 
 221. 
 
 T. G. deTejada. 
 
 141. 
 
 R. L. Cutting. 
 
 222. 
 
 T. Putnam. 
 
 142. 
 
 V. Barcalou. 
 
 223. 
 
 C. K. Patton. 
 
 143. 
 
 W. M. Benjamin. 
 
 224. 
 
 J. Harper. 
 
 144. 
 
 I. Meeker. 
 
 225. 
 
 A. Colville. 
 
 146. 
 
 J. Walker. 
 
 226. 
 
 S. W. Southack. 
 
 147. 
 
 B. Johnson. 
 
 227. 
 
 J. H. Mulford. 
 
 148. 
 
 D. E. Wheeler, 
 
 228. 
 
 J. S. Codington. 
 
 149. 
 
 B. Johnson. 
 
 229. 
 
 L. M. Barton. 
 
 150. 
 
 D. Steward, jr. 
 
 230. 
 
 Dr. J. C. Cheeseman 
 
 152. 
 
 J. Steward, jr. 
 
 231. 
 
 R. S. Stone. 
 
 154. 
 
 R. L. Stuart. 
 
 232. 
 
 J. Slade. 
 
 155. 
 
 W. L. Cutting. 
 
 233. 
 
 W. B. Duncan. 
 
 156. 
 
 R. L. Stuart. 
 
 234. 
 
 C. Gilbert. 
 
 160. 
 
 Union Club. 
 
 235. 
 
 Mrs. Brundige. 
 
 162. 
 
 H. Andrew. 
 
 236. 
 
 J. Q. Jones. 
 
 164. 
 
 M. Ward. 
 
 237. 
 
 G. Moke. 
 
AVEALTH OF THE WOULD. 
 
 117 
 
 No. 
 
 238. Jasper Grosvenor. 
 
 239. J. AV. Ashmead. 
 
 240. J. Pettigrew. 
 
 241. R. H. HaA\i;liorne. 
 
 243. G. Law. 
 
 244. J. I-I. Harbeck. 
 
 245. A. B. Turner. 
 
 246. E. C. Clarke. 
 
 247. O. H. Jones. 
 
 248. J. Mortimer, jr. 
 
 249. W. F. Gary. 
 251. G. B. Ironside. 
 253. R. C. Goodhue. 
 255, J. F. Delaplaine. 
 257. P. L. Foulke. 
 
 259. M. A. Kauftman. 
 
 260. Dr. M. D. Vandoren. 
 
 261. A. T. Hicks. 
 
 262. W. P. Jones. 
 
 263. W. C. Noyes. 
 
 264. E. Villaman. 
 
 265. S. Thompson. 
 
 266. C. Eogers. 
 
 267. J. Hustace. 
 
 268. W. W. Deforest. 
 
 269. J. Walker, jr. 
 
 270. Dr. G. A. Peters. 
 
 271. G. Brooks. 
 
 272. C. J. CoggiU. 
 
 273. J. E. Forbes. 
 
 274. 6. AVTiitney. 
 
 275. E. Macumber. 
 
 276. W. Fanning. 
 
 277. S. Hyatt. 
 
 278. I. C. Delaplaine. 
 
 279. C. I. Coutan. 
 
 280. Mrs. Clarkson. 
 
 281. A. Norrie. 
 
 282. F. Barreda. 
 
 283. C. H. Dabney. 
 
 284. S. Beach. 
 
 285. J. Grafton, jr. 
 
 286. M. ,A. Cushman. 
 
 287. W. A. Harbeck. 
 
 No. 
 
 288. A. Civille. 
 
 289. L. G. B. Camnon. 
 
 290. B. W, Morrison. 
 
 291. N. Murdock. 
 
 292. F. W. Lasack. 
 
 293. Mrs. Symes. 
 
 295. S. F. B. Morse. 
 
 296. E. Davidson. 
 
 298. T. Rigney. 
 
 299. "W. I. Schenck. 
 
 300. H. W. Warner. 
 
 301. A. Ackerson. 
 
 302. J. Flannegan. 
 
 304. W. Tracey. 
 
 305. C. Barnard. 
 311. J. Thompson. 
 313. Wenman. 
 
 317. C. S. Andrews. 
 319. C. W. Cotheal. 
 325. Ludlum. 
 333. A. G. King. 
 
 338. R. H. Brown. 
 
 339. James Brooks. 
 
 340. Dr. Abbott. 
 
 341. D. Winn. 
 
 342. J. Caswell. 
 
 343. G. N. Britton. 
 345. A. A. Mott. 
 347. G. Norrie. 
 
 350. D. H. Arnold. 
 
 351. JohnYannest. 
 
 352. John Jay. 
 
 353. E. M. Swartz. 
 
 354. C. King. 
 
 355. J. O'Brien. 
 
 357. J. C. Zimmerman. 
 
 358. J. Albert. 
 
 359. J. M. Wooley. 
 
 360. J. C. Sanford. 
 
 361. S. Richardson. - 
 
 362. Hendricks. 
 
 364. J. C. Stone. 
 
 365. W. C. Noyes. 
 
 366. M. M. Hendricks. 
 
118 WEALTH OF THF WOKLD. 
 
 367. L. M. HofFman. 
 
 368. F. Draper. 
 
 369. H. E. Anderson. 
 
 373. J. Henry. 
 
 374. Hendricks. 
 
 375. W. R. Martin. 
 
 376. Vanvleek. 
 
 377. W. A. Whitbeck. 
 
 378. Vanvleek. 
 
 379. Canfield. 
 381. J. S. Agreda. 
 383. Rev. S. A. Corey. 
 
 No. 
 
 384. Vanvleek. 
 
 385. A. Voorhees. 
 "W. Spinney. 
 
 J. H. Barton. 
 Gr. W. Pell. 
 John Halley. 
 W. Winchester. 
 W. R. Martin. 
 A. W. Canfield. 
 J. B. Purroy. 
 401. D. Banks. 
 420 — Smith- 
 
 There is published in Boston, annually, a book containing the 
 name of every person who pays a tax. The expense of this 
 work is paid by the City, and the book is distributed without 
 charge. Unlike New York, every merchant there pays his own 
 tax ; the Corporations give the names of stockholders to the 
 Assessors ; but do not pay the tax and charge it to the stock- 
 holders, as we do in New York. One of these books now lies 
 before us, and we regret that we have not a similar one for this 
 City. 
 
 In England on the first day of January, every tax-payer carries 
 with him to the Notary, an exact account in detail, of all his 
 property. This he swears is correct, and then leaves it with the 
 Assessoi'S. The book in which these are recorded is published. 
 
 This is the only correct system of taxation. The Boston 
 system is better than ours, for the reason that A can tell the tax 
 paid by B & C, and compare the tax with the wealth of the 
 respective parties. With us, real estate pays a tax on a little 
 more than half its value. Incorporated stock pays at the bank. 
 Merchandise, worth untold millions, pays nothing. Mortgages 
 according to the theori/ of our laws, are taxable ; but the j^ractice is 
 to escape if you can ; and you can do it if you manage, and are 
 not too conscientious. We think there is another error in our 
 laws. Mr. A B is worth $1,000,000, and the whole is invested 
 in undoubted mortgages, and he pays about two per cent, or 
 $20,000. Thinking all his neighbors manage, he decides to 
 remove — out of the Union — and he goes to a place called New 
 Jersey ; or to Babylon, or to Jerusalem ; he then pays New York 
 City — nothing at all! Is this morally correct ? We have another 
 fault to find. B C is a mechanic of enterprise, aged twenty-one 
 
^vt;alth of the world. 119 
 
 years, worth just — nothing at all. In August he purchases of D. 
 E, ten lots of land, and hastily erects ten houses. 
 
 These houses cost him one hundred and fifty thousand dollars, 
 and he obtains on mortgage, of F G, one hundred thousand 
 dollars. The assessors value these houses, the first of May, at 
 one hundred thousand dollars, and B C,,the poor mechanic, pays 
 two per cent., or two thousand dollars. The holder of the mort- 
 gage pays nothing — probably — for the reason that the mechanic 
 is never asked whether the houses are mortgaged. If Dudley 
 Gregory, who resides at Jersey City, holds ten of these mort- 
 gages, of one hundred thousand dollars each, he is legally exempt 
 from any tax in New York. If every person were required to 
 pay a tax on his ivhole property, the valuation would he double 
 the present amount ; and, as a necessary consequence, the tax 
 would be only one half the present rate, or one per cent, m 
 place of two per cent. The gi-eat objection to our system is, 
 that imder it all try to evade some part of the tax that they 
 really ought to pay. One man in the city, and one only, pays a 
 personal tax on one million dollars. He is too conscientious to 
 ask for a deduction. Another man, who was taxed on one mil- 
 lion dollars, would not swear it, but he talked it down one half, 
 Mr. J. W. Allen is the most competent man that ever presided 
 over the Tax Ofiice ; but he is not accountable for the errors of 
 our tax laws. In 1857, the value of the real estate of this 
 city was three hundred and fifty-two millions of dollars ; and at 
 this time it is probably over four huiKlred and fifty millions of 
 dollars. We will suppose one hundred and fifty millions of 
 dollars in mortgages, are now claimed by residents and non-resi- 
 dents. One half, or seventy-five millions of dollars, escape taxa- 
 tion. Suppose a law should be made of such a nature, that the 
 holders of these one hundred and fifty millions of dollars should 
 find it for their interest to purchase the identical property on 
 which they now hold mortgages. The real " Wealth of the 
 World " would then pay one million five hundred thousand dol- 
 lars that they now do not pay, this being the tax on seventy-five 
 millions of dollars. Owners and holders of mortgages should 
 
 be taxed for their proportionable parts of this vast interest we 
 
 think. 
 
 We shall in this, and in succeeding numbers, give the names 
 of every person who pays a tax on one hundred thousand dol- 
 lars, and over. AYe think our 'readers will rise from its perusal 
 with surprise : we are sure we did. We copy from Boyd's 
 printed Tax-List for 1857, the only one ever printed in this city. 
 
120 
 
 ArEALTH OF THE WORLD. 
 
 W. B. Astor $4,000,000 
 
 P. Lorillard 1,600,000 
 
 S. Whitney 1,400,000 
 
 J.Lenox 1,339,000 
 
 A. T. Stewart 1,089,000 
 
 J. D. Wolfe 933,000 
 
 James Brown 800,000 
 
 C.V. S. Roosevelt. 800,000 
 
 C. Vanderbilt 697,000 
 
 J. Lafarge 666,000 
 
 P. Goelet 650,000 
 
 Goelefs Brother . . . 650,000 
 
 E. Keteltas 600,000 
 
 A. R. Eno 583,000 
 
 H. Barclay 572,000 
 
 A. G. Phelps 562,000 
 
 J. Boorman 522,000 
 
 Moses Taylor 519,000 
 
 Hendricks 500,000 
 
 W. C. Khinelander 500,000 
 
 C. Palmer 475,000 
 
 G. Rapelye (E.)... 455,000 
 
 B. M. Whitlock. . . 455,000 
 
 S. Suarez 455,000 
 
 H. Parish 453,000 
 
 Thomas SufFern. . . 440,000 
 
 GooldHoyt (E.).. 439,000 
 
 Herman Thorn... 422,000 
 
 James I. Jones .... 420,000 
 
 A. Watts 405,000 
 
 Hendricks . . . • 400,000 
 
 N. Low(E.) 385,000 
 
 W. P. Furness.... 381,000 
 
 J. D. Wendel 370,000 
 
 N. G. Kortright... 364,000 
 
 H. Young 361,000 
 
 G. Griswold 360,000 
 
 W. Ross(E.) 351,000 
 
 James Chesterman. 325,000 
 
 R. L. Stewart 329,000 
 
 G. Bruce 325,000 
 
 R. L. Lord 325,000 
 
 W. B. Post 325,000 
 
 C. Mildeberger 324,000 
 
 J. Thorn 323,000 
 
 H. Fisk $ 323,000 
 
 A. W. Ward 320,000 
 
 E. White 317,000 
 
 A. Stewart ... 316,000 
 
 G. Stuyvesant 316,000 
 
 J. H. Contoit 310,000 
 
 J. G. Costar 305,000 
 
 R. French 304,000 
 
 Bradish Johnson.. 300,000 
 
 J. Anderson 300,000 
 
 H. W. Field 300,000 
 
 Hendricks 300,000 
 
 Thos. Gardner 300,000 
 
 Mathew Morgan.. 300,000 
 Philip Burrows... 296,000 
 Mr. Burrows left the country 
 without paying one dollar, and 
 has resided for ^wo years in 
 Europe. By the recent death 
 of his brother, who was the 
 partner of A. T. Stewart, the 
 wife and children of P. B. re- 
 ceived $350,000. 
 Richard F. Carman $298,000 
 J. & J. W Weeks. 294,000 
 W. B. Moflfat. 290,000 
 
 D. S. Miller 283,000 
 
 O. Schermerhorn . . 285,000 
 
 E. Parmley 276,000 
 
 Spingler (E.)..... 269,000 
 S. P. Townsend. . . 269,000 
 
 R.W. Lowber 269,000 
 
 Mrs. C. J. Spencer. 263,000 
 W. Rhinelander(E.) 264,000 
 
 D. Banks 264,000 
 
 J. DeWolf . 261,000 
 
 S. B. Munn(E.).. 259,000 
 
 Geo. Law, 258,000 
 
 Jacob Cram, 258,000 
 
 L L Janeway, ...... 256,000 
 
 A. Philips, jr.,. 254,000 
 
 G.Tucker, 254,000 
 
 Howell Hoppock, ... 250,000 
 
 T. A. Emmet 248,000 
 
 W. H. Aspinwall, . . . 248,000 
 
iiii ill iivs iiiiei » 
 
 Established 1840. . 
 
 H. DEXTER & COMPAl^Y, 
 
 t 
 
 113 ISTassau Street, ISTeMr-York, 
 
 (Successors to Dexter & Brother.) 
 
 We. would most respectfully call the attention of Booksellers 
 and News Agents to our unequalled facilities for Packing and 
 forwarding all Books, Magazines and Newspapers, published either 
 in this country or Europe, to all parts of the United States and 
 the Canadas. Our long experience in the business enables us to 
 warrant entire satisfaction to those who may favor us with their 
 patronage. Having recently fitted up our new and spacious store, 
 113 Nassau Street, we possess increased facilities for supplying 
 all who may choose to patronize us. Remember, we forward all 
 Publications, either foreign or domestic, at the Publishers' 
 
 LOWEST WHOLESALE PRICES. 
 
 We buy and sell for CASH, which enables us to give larger mar- 
 gins to the retailer than any other house in the United States. 
 
 We send Price Lists free by mail, on application. Address, 
 
 H. DEXTER & CO., 
 113 Nassau Street, New- York. 
 
HUNT, VOSE & GO. 
 
 No, 75 Murray Street, 
 
 IMPORTERS OF 
 
 ^11 1 
 
 ADAPTED TO THE 
 
 AND 
 
 JOBBINa TRADE 
 
FOR 
 
 The iong-establislied Yard of 
 
 H. G. SILLECK 
 
 IS IN 
 
 ©IXXH AVE^^ 
 
 The Coal sold in this Yard is all 
 warranted to be as good and as 
 cheap as at any yard in the City, 
 
 H, G. SILLECK, 
 
 6tli Ave.and 37tli St, 
 
JOHN BOYLE, 
 
 I would most respectfully call the attention of 
 
 BOOESELLERS AND NEWS AGENTS 
 
 to my unequalled facilities for Packing and For- 
 warding all 
 
 Published either in this Country or Europe, to all 
 parts of the United States and the Canadas. 
 
 My long experience in the business enables me to 
 warrant entire satisfaction to those who may favor 
 me with their patronage. 
 
 I possess increased facilities for supplying all who 
 may choose to patronize me. Remember^ I forward 
 all I®iil>lflcati©ll§5 either Foreign or Domestic, 
 at the Publishers' lowest wholesale prices. I buy 
 and sell for CASH, which enables me to give 
 larger margins to the retailer than any other house 
 in the United States. 
 
 I send Price Lists free by mail, on application. 
 
 Address 
 
 JOnif BOITLE, 
 
 3Srew-York City. 
 
Worth from 50 cents to $200 each, consisting of Gold and Sdver Watches 
 OoTd Lockets Gold Chains. Cameo Pins and Drops, Go d Bracelets Gold 
 Pencils Sewing Birds, in short, Jewelry of every description. Reticules 
 Ladies'' Purses PortelMonnaies, &c. $250 worth of Gifts, valued at the 
 rpo-nlar retail prices, distributed with every 500 books. 
 
 AGf wm be delivered with every book sold for one dollar or more 
 Although BO book will be sold for more than the usual retail P"-, m ny 
 1 11 Kp .old for less Persons wishing any particular book can ordei it at 
 
 48 cents. ^j^^^je^^jjei^tS TO CI.UBS ANB A«ENTS. 
 
 A BOOK AND GIFT WrTHOUT MONEY. 
 
 F„llioforma.i„„,e,pect,.|th;. Grea Gift En U.pu.e. ^g^ ^^^ 
 comp ete List of Books and Gilts will oe " Address, 
 
 whic-h is sent, post-paid, to an, .""g^'-^^t AgU ' 
 
 No. -429 Broadway, New-Yoek. 
 
PA.TElSrT 
 
 iiffi piiiii i 
 
 MANUFACTURED BY 
 
 SAMUEL C. BISHOP, 
 
 NEW-YORK, 
 UJSTDER THE ONLY PATENTS ISSUED IN THIS COUNTRY. 
 
 "? ^' 
 
 Plumbers, Pump Dealers, Real Estate Oioners and Tenants are 
 
 invited to examine for themselves, and ascertain 
 
 the merits of Gutta Percha Pipe. 
 
 The injurious effects on health, resulting from the use of water which 
 passed through lead and copper pipes, and the rapid rusting of iron pipe, 
 has for a long time rendered it highly desirable to obtain some material 
 for water pipes that would combine at once the requisite strength, freedom 
 from poisonous salts, and economy. Gutta Percha Pipe has now been in 
 use for this purpose eight years in this country, and two or three years 
 longer in England ; and experience proves that (when properly made of 
 pure material) it is not acted on by strong fluoric and muriatic, or dilute 
 nitric and sulphuric acids, soda water, cider or alkalies — agencies which 
 are most active in destroying pipes in common use. It is stronger than 
 lead or cast iron ; is sixteen times lighter than lead, consequently is cheapei? 
 to transport and handle; it is cheaper to work and lay in the ground than 
 any other pipe ; will stand frost better than any other material ; the bore 
 is so smooth that it will discharge more water than any other pipe. But 
 what is of the first and greatest importance, it imparts no poison to the 
 water that passes through it. The numerous cases that have occurred in 
 the last twenty years, of disease and death from lead poison, have awakened 
 a very general attention to this subject. 
 
 The American Institute awarded a GOLD MEDAL, and the Massachu- 
 setts Charitable Mechanics' Association, a SILVER MEDAL for this Pipe. 
 
 Many thousands of Pipes have been sold during the last eight years, 
 and notwithstanding the want of skill and experience which attend all 
 new manufactures, it is believed that not more than one per cent, of the 
 whole have failed to give entire satisfaction. 
 
ETECTER. 
 
 R-NOTE mnM\\ 
 
 r MONEY, 
 
 .>'h. 
 
 ^jMi 
 
 
 ' EVERY GENUINE ^8, 1859. 
 
 ADAS. 
 
 a for a Bank 
 
 ^ -r^T-r^ ^■^■^■r^^ of Photo-litho- 
 r-FIVE CENTS 
 
 y bank in the United States 
 ely made up my mind that 
 a fraudulent currency can 
 \ld recommend it to the 
 !ss men who are in the 
 incy of the country, as 
 against the circulation 
 
 Tours, truly, 
 
 ISAAC CAEEY. 
 
 EAEING HOUSE, ) 
 March 18, 1859. J 
 
 3ur Prospectus, and tbe 
 ic-similes in miniature 
 
 expressing to you my 
 11 propose is faithfully 
 dmple and sure means 
 bank notes than any 
 iblic use. 
 ^ctfully yours, 
 ENRY B. GEOVES 
 
 OE'S OFFICE, I 
 
 )N, March 22, 1859. j 
 Lon above expressed by 
 [ARLES WHITE. 
 
 Bank Department, Mass. 
 
 121 
 
 0,000 
 
 0,000 
 
 0,000 
 
 9,000 
 
 9,000 
 
 9,000 
 
 9,000 
 
 8,000 
 
 7,000 
 
 5,000 
 
 ■5,000 
 
 '5,000 
 
 ^5,000 
 
 r2,ooo 
 
 )9,000 
 
 34,000 
 
 34,000 
 
 34,000 
 
 34,000 
 
 34,000 
 
 34,000 
 
 64,000 
 
 64,000 
 
 64,000 
 
 64,000 
 
 62,000 
 
 60,000 
 
 58,000 
 
 52,000 
 
 50,000 
 
 50,000 
 
 45,000 
 
 .45,000 
 
 L40,000 
 
 140,000 
 
 .39,000 
 
 139,000 
 
 139,000 
 
 139,000 
 
 164,000 
 
 162,000 
 
 162,000 
 
 160, 
 
 156,000 
 
 156,000 
 
THE EUREKA COUNTERFEIT DETECTER. 
 
 PROSPECTUS Ol^- 
 
 HEWET'S EmiClOPEDIA OF MERICM DlM-NOTE CPMENCi: 
 
 AN INFALLIBLE DETEOTER OF FEAUDUl.ENT MONEY 
 
 k 
 
 sv.-JJ'^;^ *^^''^ •'^S^'^i five; ) ^ 
 
 ■Y PHOTO-LITHOGRAPHIO FAO-SIMILES IN MINIATURE, OF EVERY GENUINE ' 
 NOTE IN THE UNITED STATES AND C -ANADAS. 
 
 TO BE ISSUED IN WEEKLY NUMBERS AT TWTEI rTY-FTVE CENTS 
 
We beo- to call your atteii4on to She acGompanydng specimen of the above work, the 
 First Numbeii of ^vhich is no^oUn press, and will shortly be issued. We believe this work 
 will supply a lon'-T sought-for cUsidemtiim, and that by its own merits it must become tlie 
 necessity of eve,:y°BANK, Bankkp, ,and fecBivER^of paper ™;"^gi" ^.r^'JIcmiACY WITH 
 
 That a Ba-nk-Note Detecter, combining as this does PERFECr ACOUKAOX W lin 
 INFALLIBILITY has become |a great public necessity, is sufficiently proven by the enormous 
 losses daily inflicted upon the cdmmunity by the circalation of SptmioxTS, Axtebed, and Cou>- 
 
 TEKFEiT Notes. ' , <. „ -i i 
 
 No p^ritten or printed descrvption of Bank Notes, no matter how caxefully compiled, cnn 
 
 Qxcr \)Qm2.diQM\ infallible and iKrfect protector. 
 
 CouNTEEFEiTiNG-that is, the! manufacture for fraudulent purposes ol facsimiles ot rjenuine 
 BaM iVofes-has never been tjie source of any very aggravated loss to the public, nor rs 
 it ever Ukely to be, because tU talent required to engrave facsimiles of genuine Notes siit- 
 ficiently weU to deceive the publilj at large finds more lucrative and honorable employment in 
 the legitimate trade of engraving. But the public has always been an enormous sufrei;er by 
 spurious and altered Banic RotA, which circulate in a ratio of at least several thousand dollais 
 to one dollar of real counteifeits. 
 
 These s»z«-ioMs and altered Motes are generally the issues of exploded ^nd broken Banks 
 which beino- ori-iually executed !by a regular bank-note engraving firm for an originally solvent 
 bank of course compare in point of workmanship, etc., with issues of solvent banks generally. 
 The circulation of the eiploded iJanks is ^-cry frequently obtained after failure by dis7ionest par- 
 ties who at once make it their basiness to erase the title and location of the broken bank, and 
 cither by pasting or re2:>rintiny i\i the title of some bank in good credit, and altering the location ■ 
 to correspond, succeed in foisting- these altered Notes upon the public as good money, becai 
 
 the general character of THij WORK HAS A GENUINE APPEARANCE. • . 
 
 Another great source of los^ to the public is the facility with which the issues of solve 
 banks have heretofore been ral^ed in penominational vALUE-One-dollar Notes being raise 
 to Ten-doUar Notes, and so on! by entirely removing the small denominational counters, an. 
 prmtino- iu their place larger ones, or by pasting over the small denomination a larger one on 
 very thin paper, so as not visMy to affect the average thickness of the paper upon which the 
 rest of the note is printed. \ 
 
 StiU another source of loss is found in the enterprise of Counterfeiters, properly so 
 CALLED As soon as a successfuli counterfeit is noticed in the weekly Reporters, and by the luu 
 and cry raised, the public cautioned against it, the counterfeiter changes the title aud locatior 
 on his counterfeit plate to Xh^i o? some other solvent bank,^nA perpetrates fmor/ffiM-oMery Q,_ 
 the public before they are again . varncd against it ; and this continues ad_ infm dm„._ _ 
 
 The SECURITY afforded b',- our DETECTER hes in the tact that m the entire circu ation 
 
 f paper money on this continent, there are no two notes exactly a?*X-c-either the style of letter 
 
 ^d in the title is different, the vignettes, portraits, or counters vary, or the denominatioiv. 
 
 tion, etc., are dissimilar, ^tith :, facsimM of e^■cry genuine note before him, we beheve 
 
 verson is safe in receimng\papeT money, so far as mere genuineness of its issue is concern 
 
 -lieve the work Avill add' greatly to the circulation of paper money, because it will m 
 
 ce in its genuineness, while heretofore such circulation has been greatly curtaded for 
 
 nich confidence. 
 
 vk will be issued in -w 
 •e and character as 
 
 eekly numbers, each number contaiuuig about 150/ac-sM?i 
 those upon the specimen sheet herewith. The whole woi 
 
MM 
 
be comprised in about 15 numbers, and about 11,000 facsimiles, and will be completed within 
 one year from the date of the first number by a more rapid issilie near its coiniiletion. 
 
 It is thought that a WEEKLY ISSUE will FAMILIARIJZE the public with the Notes as 
 rapidly as can be done ; and in view of the ENORMOUS EXPENSE of publication, and the 
 great ADVANTAGE of the work to the public, we look for a ijarge list of ADVANCE CASH 
 SUBSCRIPTIONS ; especially, we hope every Bank, whose \ interests our Publication must 
 2?romote, will at once send in the advance pi-ice of fifteen dollars. 
 
 The price of the weekly numbers will be 25c. each. Annual subscribers, by prepayment ot 
 _ $15.00 in current funds, can have the weekly numbers mailed to them, postage free. All remit- 
 tances may be made at our risk. Postage stamps not received in payment. 
 
 Address HEWET &, CO., New York, \ 
 
 No. S DuKCAN, Sherman & Co.'s Building, 9 Nassau-street, corner of Pine's^ 
 
 H. W. Hbwex, N 
 
 William Cousland, I Late of Bald, Cousland & Co., _ \ 
 
 Fked. E. Bliss, j BantNote Engravers. ' 
 
 New Yobk, March 1st, 1859. 
 
 The following Recommendations from persons occupying important financial relations to the public are 
 selected from a vast quantity of like tenor received hj us: 
 
 From the American Bank Note Co., composed of the 
 old engraving firms of Eawdon, Wright, Hatch & Edsou ; 
 Toppan, Carpenter & Co. ; Danforth, Wright & Co. ; Bald, 
 Cousland & Co. ; Jocelyn, Draper, Welsh & Co. ; AV ell- 
 stood, Hay & Whiting ; New England Bank Note Co. ; and 
 John B. Gavit. 
 
 OFFICE OF THE AMERICAN BANK NOTE Co., I 
 Nett Yokk, Fehniary 10, 1859. f 
 
 srs. Hewet & Co., New York : 
 
 1 have examined the specimens of your '■ Encyclopoodia 
 
 i' American Bank Note Currency and Dctecter." In my 
 
 opinion it offers to the public the best means of detecting 
 
 spurious and altered bank notes, and I cordially recom- 
 
 iend it to the patronage of the community. 
 
 Yours, truly, CHAS. TOPPAN, 
 
 President American Bank Note Co. 
 
 STATE OF NEW YORK, ) 
 Bank Depaetme.nt, ) 
 
 Albany, Jan. 21, 1859. 
 ,"ET & Co. , New York : 
 — I have examined some specimens of Pho- 
 "o fao-similes of bank-notes, calculated to 
 ■■■ork to detect altered and spurious notes, 
 
 executed by you. I have no doubt of the utility of a 
 detecter of this description, and that it will be of great 
 use to the public, if carried into eifect as you have 
 explained It to me. Yours, truly, 
 
 JAS. M. COOK, Superintendent. 
 
 METROPOLITAN BANK, ) 
 No. 108 Broadwat, ) 
 New York, Jan. 12, 1859. 
 Messrs. Hewet & Co. : 
 
 Gentlemen — I have examined your plan for a Bank 
 Note Detecter and Delineator, by means of Photo-litho- 
 graphic fac-similes of the genuine bank notes in circula- 
 tion here. 
 
 I believe such a publication will better enable the pub- 
 lic to detect spurious and altered notes than any I kno' 
 of, and I hope you will at once commence its issue. 
 Respectfully yours, H. L. JAQUES, Vicc-prsside- 
 
 STATE OF WISCONSIN, ' 
 Bank Departjient, 
 Madison, Jan. 
 Messrs. Hewet & Co. , New York : 
 
 Gentlemen — I have examined your pla 
 Note Detecter and Delineator, by means 
 
graphic fac-similes, in miaiature, of every genuine bank 
 note in circulation, and you have my warmest wishes for 
 success in your nndertalcing, believing that its consum- 
 mation will be a great public benefit. 
 
 I have never seen any plan that promised so perfect 
 a protection agaivist losses as your work. In fact, I do 
 not well see tiow any more perfect safeguard could be 
 devised. 
 
 Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 
 
 J. C. SQUIRES, Bank Comptroller. 
 
 NEW YOEK CLEARING HOUSE, ) 
 New yoRK, Feb. 10, 1859. j 
 Messrs. Hewbti & Co. ; 
 
 Gentlemen — 1 have examined your plan for the detec- 
 tion of spurious and altered notes, by the publication of 
 Photo-lithographic fac-similes of the genuine bank notes 
 in circulation. I consider it to be decidedly the most 
 effectual method yet proposed for the detection of altered 
 or spurious paper money, rendering the detection of such 
 frauds boti) simple and certain. 
 
 Respectfully yours, 
 
 GEORGE D. LYMAN. 
 
 UUANCH OFFICE OF AMEIl. BANK CO. ) 
 39 State-street, Boston, Mass. > 
 March 16, 1859. ) 
 
 Messrs. H bwei & Co. : 
 
 Gentlemen — Upon a careful examination of your novel 
 Fao-siraile Coimterfeit Bank-Note Det(!ctor, which is to 
 compiise fac-similes of all the various denominations of 
 
 paper money issued by evei'y bank in the United States 
 and Canada, I have deliberately made up my mind that 
 it is the only method by which a fraudulent currency can 
 be detected ; and therefore would recommend it to ths 
 patronage of the banks and business men who are in the 
 constant receipt of the paper currency of the coimtry, as 
 the only infallible guard possible against the circulation 
 of worthless bank notes. 
 
 Yours, truly! 
 
 ISAAC CAREY. 
 
 BOSTON CLEARING HOUSE, I 
 Boston, March 18, 1859. j 
 Messrs. Hewet & Co. : 
 
 Gentlemen — I have examined your Prospectus, and the 
 specimens of photo-lithographic fac-similes in miniature 
 of notes of various banks. 
 
 I feel myself quite justified in expressing to you my 
 opinion, that if the plan which you propose is faithfully 
 carried out. It will afford a more simple and sure means 
 of detecting altered or spurious bank notes than any 
 which has ever been ofl:ered for public use. 
 
 I am, gentlemen, respectfully yours, 
 
 HENRY B. GROVES 
 
 AUDITOR'S OFFICE, ) 
 Boston, March 22, 1859. j 
 I most fully concur in the opinion above expressed by 
 Henry B. Groves, Esq. CHARLES WHITE. 
 
 Auditor Bank Department, Mass. 
 
WEALTH OP THK WORLD. 
 
 121 
 
 H. D. Aldrich, $243,000 
 
 S. Norswovthv, 243,000 
 
 C. & TJ. J. Smith,.. 242,000 
 Mrs. Hoffman, 239,000 
 
 D. M. Teyser, 239,000 
 
 L. M. Kutlierford,. . 237,000 
 
 Isaac Jones, 236,000 
 
 J. Sampson 236,000 
 
 R. Mortimer 236,000 
 
 Pentz & Co 232,000 
 
 James Phalen 231,000 
 
 D. A. Kingsland.. 228,000 
 
 Susan Parish 225,000 
 
 J. Harson 224,000 
 
 F. Marquand 220,000 
 
 B.Blanco 220,000 
 
 John Q. Jones 220,000 
 
 EobertEay 217,000 
 
 J. W. Beekman... 215,000 
 
 Edwin Hoyt 215,000 
 
 D. Appleton & Co. 215,000 
 
 Jacob Leroy 214,000 
 
 W. II. Smith 214,000 
 
 A. & E. S. Higgins 214,000 
 
 Wm. Douglass 213,000 
 
 Lambert Suydam . . 2 10,000 
 
 J. B. Delaplaine . . . 202,000 
 
 B. R Winthrop... 202,000 
 W. A. Spencer. . . 200,000 
 
 John Johnton 200,000 
 
 Benj. Stevens 200,000 
 
 Benj. Loder 200,000 
 
 Isaac Burr 200,000 
 
 B. L. Swan 200,000 
 
 A. Vannest 200,000 
 
 Suydam 198,000 
 
 ^ooper 198,000 
 
 Gemmel... 193,000 
 
 '"oodi-uff. . . 194,000 
 
 fc Sherman 194,000 
 
 -..o.^ earing 192,000 
 
 Catharine Oothout.. 190,000 
 
 J. Raymond 181,000 
 
 Robert Hogan 181,000 
 
 C. Wolfe 180,000 
 
 M. Brahurst $180,000 
 
 Allison Post 180,000 
 
 C. Wolf 180,000 
 
 B. Brandreth 179,000 
 
 W. Mott 179,000 
 
 J. W. Talman 179,000 
 
 F. Schuchardt 179,000 
 
 Caleb O.Halsted.. 178,000 
 
 J. C. Hamilton 177,000 
 
 Patrick Dickie 175,000 
 
 H. Parish 175,000 
 
 F. B. Cutting 175,000 
 
 C. F. Moulton 175,000 
 
 H. C. DeEahm... 172,000 
 
 Henry Coggill 169,000 
 
 John Castree 164,000 
 
 C.B.Smith 164,000 
 
 John Taylor 164,000 
 
 Wm. Colgate 164,000 
 
 W.W.Webb 164,000 
 
 Mrs. F. Pearsall.. 164,000 
 
 G. W. Buraham.. 164,000 
 
 C. E. Quincy 164,000 
 
 C. H. MarshaU.... 164,000 
 
 Horace Waldo 164,000 
 
 Alvin Higgins, 162,000 
 
 J.S.Giles 160,000 
 
 N. C. Piatt 158,000 
 
 M. Yan Shaick 152,000 
 
 W. Ogilvie 150,000 
 
 A. Van Renssalaer. 150,000 
 
 Isaac Adriance .... 1 45,000 
 
 Smith W. Anderson 145,000 
 
 S.B.Chittenden.. 140,000 
 
 P. Naylor 140,000 
 
 J. E. Cooley 139,000 
 
 A. Schermerhom . . 139,000 
 
 J.C.Stevens 139,000 
 
 Thos. Cadwallader. 139,000 
 
 T. T. Taylor 164,000 
 
 S. B. Sdiiefflin.... 162,000 
 
 Spofford & Tileston. 162,000 
 
 Solomon & Hart. . . 160, 
 
 W. Mott 156,000 
 
 James Horn 156,000 
 
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
 122 
 
 WEALTH OF THE WOELD. 
 
 012 612 388 
 
 Giles Bushnell. . . 
 Geo. Folsom .... 
 
 F. Depeau 
 
 M. Cheesbrough. 
 R. J. Brown. . . . 
 Brooks Brothers . . 
 W. H. Carey. . . . 
 L. Appleby 
 
 G. F. Cooledge.. 
 Jacob Weeks . . . . 
 James Fellows. . . 
 
 S. Wray 
 
 J. Palmer 
 
 C. D. Post 
 
 C. A. Coe 
 
 A. Valentine .... 
 James Foster .... 
 Geo. Douglass . . . 
 
 N. G. Becar , 
 
 John C. Cruger . . 
 G. H. Stryker... 
 James B. Murray . 
 J. Vanderpoel . . . 
 Stephen Allen. . . . 
 
 Silas Brown 
 
 Dennis Harris. . . . 
 Smith & Dimon, . . 
 
 C. Adams, 
 
 W. V. Brady, 
 
 George Grier, .... 
 
 $155,000 
 154,000 
 154,000 
 153,000 
 150,000 
 146,000 
 143,000 
 143,000 
 139,000 
 139,000 
 139,000 
 139,000 
 139,000 
 139,000 
 139,000 
 139,000 
 139,000 
 134,000 
 131,000 
 131,000 
 131,000 
 130,000 
 130,000 
 130,000 
 125,000 
 125,000 
 120,000 
 120,000 
 119,000 
 119,000 
 
 Seabury Brewster,.. 118,000 
 
 0. Blunt, 116,000 
 
 Mrs. G. F. Hoffman, 1 16,000 
 
 Peter Gilsey, 115,000 
 
 Wm. Niblo, 115,000 
 
 W. E. Burton, 1 14,000 
 
 W. Steward, 114,000 
 
 W. S. Wetmore,.... 114,000 
 
 Laura Delano, 114,000 
 
 E. H. Coburn, 1 14,000 
 
 N. CoggsweU, 114,000 
 
 James Suydam, .... 114,000 
 
 Bird & GillUan,. . . . 114,000 
 
 W, A. Coit, 114,000 
 
 Andrew Carrigan, . . 1 14,000 
 
 W. A. Foreborn, ... 1 14,000 
 
 1. T Gilford, 111,000 
 
 W. Gale, 110,000 
 
 Jacob Brower...... 108,000 
 
 A. Cleveland, 107,000 
 
 W. Bowne, ^-» 106,000 
 
 H.Leroy, 106,000 
 
 A. B. & D. Sands, . . 106,000 
 
 H.Douglass, 105,000 
 
 P.B.&P.A.Hegeman 104,000 
 
 Henry Gary, 104,000 
 
 D.M.Edgar, 103,000 
 
 Dwier & Baker, .... 100,000 
 
 Maria J. Carroll, . . . 100,OOo 
 
 American Bank-Note Co., and Messrs. Hewet & Co. $2,000,000 
 "We hazard nothing in saying that the work now issuing from 
 the office of Messrs. Hewit & Co,, is the most valuable bank- 
 note guide for merchants ever published. No person can take 
 an altered or a counterfeit bill, if he has this work in his offip 
 [See advertisement in this edition.] ,,«a 
 
 We will give in our next edition, the names of the Ft/ 
 of our Banks, all of whom are very wealthy — i'^. 
 $3,000,000 — all are respected for their eminent tu.... -„„,.^' 
 
 great integrity. 
 
 Edition B, of the Wealth of the World, will be ready in a few 
 days, and will contain a large addition of names and sketches. 
 
 I' 2f. NOv. 1 -ns. i| 
 
 ym 
 
LIBRftRY OF CONGRESS 
 
 012 612 388 7 
 
 Hollinger Corp. 
 pH8.5