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BACON'S AND INGRAM'S REBELLION. 
 
i 
 
THE HISTORY 
 
 BACON'S AND INGRAM'S REBELLION 
 
 IN VIRGINIA, 
 
 In 1G75 and 1G76. 
 
 CAMBRIDGE: 
 
 PRESS OF JOHN WILSON AND SON. 
 1807. 
 

 from the " |)roc«t)ings of the |H:iss;ubuBtlts historical Socictn ' 
 For 18CG-18G7. 
 
PREFATORY NOTE. 
 
 The somewhat famous episode in the history of Vir- 
 ginia, known as "Bacon's Rebellion," took place in the 
 years 1675 and 1676. In the latter part of the year 
 1676, Bacon died; and, by January following, his lieu- 
 tenant-general, Ingram (whose true name, says Beverly, 
 was Johnson), and his major-general, Walklett, had 
 surrendered, and peace was restored. 
 
 For the character of the leader, Colonel Nathaniel 
 Bacon, — who is said to have " been brought up at one 
 of the Inns of Court in England," and to have been 
 " young, bold, active, of an inviting aspect and power- 
 ful elocution," — and for the causes which brought about 
 this popular rising against Sir William Berkeley, we 
 would refer to the " History of Virginia," by Robert 
 Beverly (an almost contemporary writer), and also to 
 the later Histories of that State, by John Burk and 
 by Charles Campbell. See also, in the first volume of 
 Force's " Historical Tracts," a narrative, entitled " The 
 Beginning, Progress, and Conclusion of Bacon's Rebel- 
 lion," and said to have been written thirty years after 
 the events took place ; also, in the same volume, a 
 
6 PREFATORY NOTE. 
 
 Assistant Librarian, Dr. John Appleton, and a great 
 many errors and some omissions in the latter were dis- 
 covered. The required corrections were made in a 
 copy of the printed volume ; and, in view of their 
 number and importance, the Committee, to whom the 
 subject was referred, decided to have the paper reprinted 
 before the manuscript should be returned to Virginia. 
 It has accordingly been printed in a volume of the So- 
 ciety's Proceedings, under the date of August, 1867 ; 
 and two hundred copies have been struck off in a 
 separate form. 
 
 For the Committee of Publication, 
 
 CHARLES DEANE. 
 
 Boston-, September 20, 1807. 
 
[THE HISTORY OF BACON'S AND INGRAM'S 
 REBELLION.] 
 
 [" The Indians Proseedings"~\ 
 
 for there owne security. They found that there store was too short to 
 indure a long Seige, with out makeing emty belles and that emty belies, 
 makes weake hearts, which all ways makes an unfit Serving Man to 
 wate upon the God of war. Therefore they were resalue, before that 
 there spirits were downe, to doe what they could to keepe there stores 
 up; as oppertunity should befriend them. And all though they were 
 by the Law of Arms (as the case now stood) prohibited the hunting of 
 wilde Deare, they resalued to see what good might be don by hunting 
 tame Horsses. Which trade became their sport soe loii. that those who 
 came on Horsback to the seige, began to feare the should be compeld 
 to trot horn a foot, and glad if they scap'd so too : for these belegured a neglected 
 blades made so many salleys, and the beseigers kep such neglegent 
 gards, that there was very few days past without som remarkeable 
 mischeife. But what can hould out all ways? euen stone walls yeilds 
 to the not to be gaine-saide summons of time. And all though it is 
 saide that the Indians doth the least minde their Bellies (as being con- 
 tent with a litlc) of any people in the world, yet now there bellies 
 began to minde them, and there stomachs too, which began to be more 
 inclineable to peace, then war ; which was the cause (no more Horss 
 flesh beimr to be had) that they sent out 6 of their Worawances fcheife Tbe Ti i ,li:1 "- 
 
 ° J J v send out . . 
 
 men) to commence a treaty. What the Artickles were, that they there cheif 
 
 brought alon with them, to treate of, I do not know : but certainly • • • 
 they were so unacceptable to the English, that they caused the Com- 
 missioners braines to be knock'd out, for dictateing so badly to there 
 tongues; which yet. 'tis posible, exprest more reason then the English 
 had, to prove the lawfullness of this action, being Diametrecall to the 
 Law of Arms. 
 
 * Where dots are inserted, the manuscript is either torn or illegible; where brack- 
 ets are used, the words are supplied by the Editors; where the original is indistinct, 
 italics are employed. — Eds. 
 
8 "THE INDIANS PROSEEDINGS." 
 
 This strange action put those in the Fort to there trumps, haueing 
 
 thus lost som of their prime court cards, without a faire dealeing. 
 
 They could not well tell what interpretation to put upon if (nor indeed, 
 
 nobody ells) and very faine they wo[uld] . . . why those, whom they 
 
 The Indians sent out with a ["view! to suvlieate a peace should be worss delt with 
 
 forsake [the] \ J I ' 
 
 fort. then [those who] were sent out with a sword to denounce a war; but, 
 
 [no one] could be got to make inquirye into the reason of this . . . 
 
 which put them upon a ressalution to forsake there [station, and] not 
 
 to expostulate the cause any further. Haueing [made] this resalution, 
 
 and destroyed all things in the fort, that might be servisable to the 
 
 English, they bouldly, undiscovered, slip through the Leagure (leave- 
 
 ing the English to prossecute the seige, as .Schogin's wife brooded the 
 
 eggs that the Fox had suck'd) in the passing of which they kuock'd 
 
 ten men o'tli head, who lay carelessly asleep in there way. 
 
 Now all though it might be saide that the Indians went there ways 
 
 enity handed, in regard they had left all there plunder and welth 
 
 behinde them in the fort, yet it cannot be thought that they went away 
 
 emty hearted : For though that was pritty well drained from it's former 
 
 The Indians enrage, through tho^e inconvenencies that they had bin subjected to, by 
 resolue to re- , . . . „ , , ' , . , , . , ,. 
 
 v. >nge chem- the seige, yet in y e roome thereof, rather then the veuticles should lie 
 
 Belues nil the • i i i i * i i ii- • , • i i 
 
 Eugiish. voide, they had stowed up so much mallize, entermixt with a ressalu- 
 tion of revenge, for the affrunt that the English had put upon them, in 
 killing there messingers of peace, that they resalued to commence a 
 most barberous and most bloody war. 
 
 The Beseigers haueing spent a grate deale of ill imployed time in 
 pecking at the huske, and now findeing the shell open, and raising the 
 expected prey, did not a litle woonder what was be com of the lately 
 impounded Indinans, who, though at present the could not be scene, 
 yet it was not long before that they were heard off, and felt too. For 
 in a very short time they had, in a most inhumane maner, murthered 
 no less then 60 innocent people, no ways guilty of any actuall injury 
 don to these ill disarning, brutish heathen. By the blood of these 
 poore M>ule>, they thought that the wandering ghosts of those there 
 Commissioners, before mentioned, might be atton'd, and lade downe to 
 take there repose in the dismall shades of death, and they, at present, 
 not obliged for to prossecute any further revenge. Therefore to prove 
 whether the English was as redy for a peace, as themselues, they send 
 The Indians i" there remoustroiice in the name of there [Chief, (ta]ken by an Eng- 
 .' . " to juati- lish interpreter,) unto the Governour [of Verg]inia, with whom he 
 seedtags - 1 '"'" expostulates in this sort. Wh[at was it] that moved him to take up 
 
" THE INDIANS PROSEEDINGS." 9 
 
 Arms, against lu'm, his pr[ofessed] fried, in the behalfe of the Mary- 
 landers, his profes[sed ene]mies, contrary to that league made betwene 
 [him] and himselfe ? Declares as well his owne as su[bjects] greife 
 to finde the Verginians, of Frifids, without any cause giuen, to becom 
 his foes, and to be so eager in their groundless quarill, as to persew 
 the chase into auothers dominions : Complaines, that his mesingers of 
 peace, were not oneley murthered by the English, but the fact coun- 
 tinanced by the Governour's Connivance: For which, seeing no other 
 ways to be satisfied, he had revenged him self, by killing 10 for one of 
 the Verginians, such being the disp'erportion betwene his grate men 
 murther'd, and those, by his command, slane. That now, this being 
 don, if that his honour would alow him a valluable satisfaction for the 
 damage he had sustained by the war, and no more concerne himselfe 
 in the Marylanders quarill, he was content to renew and confirm the 
 ancient league of amety ; other ways him selfe, and those whom he had 
 ingaged to his intress (and there owne) were resalued to fitc it out to 
 the last man. 
 
 These proposealls not being assented to by the English, as being 
 derogetory and point blanke, both to honour and intress, these Indians 
 draw in others (formerly in subjection to the Verginians) to there The Re .. . 
 aides: which being coujoyned (in seperate and united parties) they by the .. °. 
 dayly commited abundance of ungarded and un revenged murthers, 
 upon the English ; which they perpretated in a most barberous/ and 
 horid maner. By which meanes abundance of the Fronteare Planta- 
 tions became eather depopulated by the Indians cruletys [s/e], or 
 desarted by the Planters feares, who were compelled to forsake there 
 abodes, to linde security for there lives; which they were not to part 
 with, in the hands of y e Indiands, but under the worst of torments. 
 For these brutish and inhumane brutes, least their cruilties might not 
 be thought cruill enough, they devised a hundred ways to torter and The cruei- 
 torment those poore soules with, whose reched fate it was to fall in to dians. 
 there unmercyfuU hands. For som, before that they would deprive 
 them of there lives, they would take a grate deale of time to de- 
 prive them first of there skins, and if that life had not, throug[h the 
 angjuish of there paine, forsaken there tormented bodyes, the}' [with] 
 there teeth (or som instrument,) teare the nailes of [their fingers and 
 their] toes, which put the poore sufferer to a wo[ful condition. One 
 was prepared for the fla]mes at lames Towne, who indured [much, 
 
 but found means] to escape. Those who had the another world, 
 
 was to haue to be attributed to there more then can 
 
10 "THE INDIANS TROSEEDINGS. 
 
 xpire with ... or other wayes to be slane out rite, for leapt that 
 
 there Deaths should be attributed unto sora more mercyfull bands then 
 theares, for to put all out of question, they would leaue som of there 
 brutish Markes upon there fenceless bodies, that might testifye it could 
 be none but they who had commited the fact. 
 
 .Viiil now it was that the poore distresed and dubly afflicted Planters 
 began to curss and execrate that ill manidged buisness at the Fort. 
 There cryes were reitterated againe and againe, both to God and man 
 for releife. But no appeareance of long wish'd for safety ariseing in 
 the Horrison of there hopes, they were redy, could they haue tould 
 which way. to leaue all and forsake the Collony ; rather then to stay 
 and be expos'd to the crewiltys of the barberous heathen. 
 
 At last it was concluded, as a good expedient for to put the conn- 
 Forts to be trey in to som degree of safety, for to plant Forts upon the Fronteres, 
 
 [buil]t. J J> 1 1 
 
 thinkeing there by to put a stop unto the Indians excurssions: winch 
 after the expence of a grate deale of time and charge, being finished, 
 came short of the designed ends. For the Indians quickly found out 
 where about these Mouse traps were sett, and for what purpose, and 
 so resalued to keepe out of there danger; which they might easely 
 ennough do, with out any detriment to there designes. For though 
 here by they were compeld (tis posible) to goe a litle about, yet they 
 never thought much of there labour, so long as they were not debar'd 
 from doing of Mischeife; which was not in the power of these forts to 
 prevent : For if that the English did, at any time, know that there 
 Nof wrtlued was more wavs in to the wood then one. to kill Deare. the Indians 
 dians. 6 " found more then a thousand out of the wood, to kill Men, and not com 
 neare the danger of the forts neat her. 
 
 The small good that was by most expected, and now by [them 
 expejriene'd from these useless fabricks (or castells, if a . . . a marvel- 
 lous discontent amongst the people. . . . the charge would he grate, 
 
 and the henilitt . . . arise out of these wolfe-pi came every day 
 
 losers ; and Banke, if it do not inc to casl about for so 
 
 lost. It vext t[he hearts of many tha they should] lie com- 
 peld to worke all the day, (nay all the yeare), for to reward those 
 Mole-catchers at the forts, (no body knew for what.) and at night could 
 not finde a place of safety 1<> lie downe in. to rest there w cry hones, for 
 feare they should lie shatter'd all to peices 1>\ the Indians; upon which 
 consideration the thought it liest to petition the downe fall of these 
 useless (and like to he) chargeable fabricks, from whose continuance 
 they could neat her expect prollitt nor safety. 
 
"bacon's proseedings." 11 
 
 But for the effecting of this buisness, they found them selues un- The Forts 
 
 disliked by 
 der a very grate disadvantage. For though it may be more easier to the English. 
 
 cast downe, then irect, well cemented structure, yet the rule doth not 
 hould in all cases. For it is to be understood that these Forts were 
 contrived, eather by the sole command of the Governour, or other 
 ways by the advice of those whose judgments, in this affaire, he ap- 
 proved off; eather of which was now, they being don. his owne eme- 
 diate act, as they were don in his name; which to haue undon, at the 
 simple request of the people, had bin, in efect, to haue undon that 
 Repute lie all ways held, in the peoples judgment, for a wise Man ; and 
 better that they should suffer som small inconvenencies, then that he 
 should be counted less diserning then those, wdio, till now, were 
 counted more then halfe blinde. Besides, how should he satisfie his 
 honour with the undertakers of the worke ? If the peoples petition 
 should be granted, they must be disapointed, which would haue bin 
 litle less then an undoeing to the allsoe, in there expectation of proffitt 
 to be raised from the worke. Here by the people quickly found them 
 selues in an errour, when that they apprehended wdiat a strong founda- 
 tion the Forts were irected upon, honour and proffitt, against which all 
 there saping and mineing had no power to over turue ; they haueing no 
 other ingredience to makeing up there fire works with but prayers, 
 and miss spent teares and intreties ; which haueing vented to no pur- 
 pose, and finding there condition every whit as bad, if not worse since, 
 as before, the forts were made, they resalued . . . le patience was set to 
 worke. 
 
 many to hope in the countin- of no long being in the Bacon ap- 
 
 Too In res 
 
 cou- state ; and nerely related to one g"hy. A Man he against the 
 
 was of larger hich rendred him indeared (if not not for 
 
 any thing he had yet don, as the cause of there affections, but what they 
 expected he would doe to disarve there devotion ; while with no common 
 zeale, they send up there reitterated prayers, first to him self, and next 
 to Heaven, that he may becom there Gardian Angle, to protect them 
 from the cruilties of the Indians, against whom this Gentunan had a 
 perfict antipothey. 
 
 It seemes, in the first rise of the War, this Gent:man had made 
 som overtures, unto the Governour, for a Commission, to go and put a 
 stop to the Indians proseedings. But the Governour, at present, eather 
 not willing to commence the quarill (on his part) till more suteable 
 reasons prisented, for to urge his more severe prosecution of the same, 
 against the heathen : or that he douted Bacons temper, as he appear'd 
 
L2 
 
 BACON S PROSEEDIXGS. 
 
 Populerly inclin'd: A constetution not consistant with the times, and 
 the peoples dispositions ; being generally discontented, for want of 
 timely provissions against the Indians, or for Anuall impositions lade 
 upon them, too grate (as they -aide) for them to beare, and against 
 which they had som considerable time complained, without the least 
 redress. For these, or som other reasons, the Governour refused to 
 comply with Bacon's proposalls. Which he lookeing upon as an under- 
 valuing as well to his parts, as a disperidgment to his pretentions, hee in 
 som elated and passionate expressions, sware Commission or no Com- 
 mission, the next man or woman that he heard of that should be kild 
 by the Indians, he would goo out against them, though but 20 men 
 would adventure the servis with him. Now it so unhappylie fell out, 
 that the next person that the Indians did kill, was one of his owne 
 ffamiley. "Where upon haueing got together som 70 or 80 persons, 
 mosl good Howsekeepers, well armed, and seeing that he could not 
 legally procure a Commission (after som struglings with the Gov- 
 ernour (. . . Scuffell) and som of his best friends, eo . . . terprise, he 
 
 applyes hi his oath, and so forth ans. 
 
 The Governour could not this insolent deportment of Bac 
 
 ed at his proceedings. Which insteade of seekeing 
 
 meanes to appease his anger, they devised meanes to increase it, by 
 frameing specious pretences, which they grounded upon the bouldness of 
 Bacons actions, and the peoples affections. They began (som of them) 
 to haue Bacons Merits in mistrust, as a Luminary that thretned an eclips 
 to there riseing gloryes. For though he was but a )ong man, yet they 
 found that he was master and owner of those induments which consti- 
 tutes a Compleate Man, (as to Intrincecalls) wisdom to apprehend and 
 descretion to chuse. By which imbelishments (if he should continue 
 in the Governours favour) of Seniours they might becom juniours, 
 while there yonger Brother, through the nimbleness of his wit, might 
 Steale away that blessing, which they accounted there owne by birth- 
 right. This rash proseediugs of Bacon, if it did not undo himselfe, by 
 his faileing in the enterprise, might chance to undo them in the affec- 
 tions of the people; which to prevent, they thought it conduceable to 
 there intress and establishment, for to get y e Governour in the minde 
 to proclame him a Relied; as knowing that once being don, since it 
 could not be don but by and in the Governours name, it must needs 
 breed had blodd betwene Bacon and S* William, not easely to be 
 purged. For though S r William might forgiue, what Bacon, as yel, 
 had acted ; yet it might be questionable whether Bacon might forget 
 
"bacon's proseedings." 13 
 
 what Sir William had don : However, according to there desires, f orces • • • 
 
 o ' to reduce 
 
 Bacon and all his adhereance was proclamed a Rebell, May the 29, Bacon, 
 and forces raised to reduce him to his duty. With which the Gov- 
 ernour advanced from the Midle Plantation* to finde him out, and if 
 neede was to fight him, if the Indians had not knock'd him, and those 
 with him, on the head, as som were in hope they had don, and which 
 by som was ernistly desired. 
 
 After som few days the Govcrnour retracts his march, (a jurnye of 
 som 80 or 40 miles) to meet with the Assembley, now redy to sit 
 downe at our Metro pollis, while Bacon in the meane time meets with Bacon 
 
 . . me[ets] with 
 
 the Indians, upon whom he falls with abundance of ressalution and the Indians. 
 
 gallentrey (as his owne party relates it) in there fastness: killing a 
 
 grate many, and blowing up there Magazene of Arms and Ponder, 
 
 to a considerable quantity . . . y his self, no less then 4000 weight. 
 
 This [being done, and all his] Provissions spent, he returns horn to his 
 
 . . . e, where he submits him selfe to be chosen Bur[gess of tjhe County 
 
 in which he did live, contrary to his qualifications, take him as he was 
 
 formerly one of the Councell of State, or as bee was now a proclamed 
 
 Rebell. How ever, he applyes him selfe to the performance of that 
 
 trust reposed in him, by the people, if he might be admited into the 
 
 Howse. But this not faging according to his desire, though according 
 
 to his expectation, and he remaneing in his sloope, (then at Ancor Bacon taken 
 
 before the Towne) in which was about 30 Gentrmen besides himselfe, 
 
 he was there surprised with the rest, and made prissoner, som bein°- 
 
 put into Irons: in which condition they remaned som time, till all 
 
 things were fitted for the triall. Which being brought to a day of Brought 
 
 heareing, before the Governour and Councell, Bacon was not onely tnaUand 
 
 acquited and pardoned all misdemeniors, but restored to the Councell acquit " 
 
 Table as before ; and not onely, but promised to haue a Commission 
 
 signed the Monday following (this was on the Saterday) as General! June in. 
 
 for the Indian war, to the universall satisfaction of the people, who c!Zussi,m. 
 
 passionately desired the same; witnessed by the ginerall acclameations 
 
 of all then in towne. 
 
 And here who can do less then w T onder at the muteable and imper- 
 menent deportments of that blinde Godes Fortune ; who, in the morn- 
 ing loades Man with disgraces, and ere night crownes him with 
 honours: Somtimes depressing, and againe ellivateing, as her fickle 
 humer is to smile or frowne, of which this Gen'anans fate was a kinde 
 
 * Williamsbunj. See Beverly's History of Virginia. — Eds. 
 3 
 
14 " bacon's proseedings." 
 
 of an Epittemey, in the severall vicissetudes and changes he was sub- 
 jected to in a veiv few daves. For in the morning, before his triall, 
 he was, in his Emmies hopes, and his Friends feares, judged for to 
 receue the Gurdian due to a Rebell (and such hee was proclamed 
 to be) and ere night, crowned the Darling of the Peoples hopes and 
 desires, as the onely man fitt in Verginia, to put a stop unto the bloody 
 ressalutions of the Heathen : And yet againe, as a fuller manifestation 
 of Fortune's inconstancye, with in two or three days, the peoples hopes, 
 noruri°reftis- an ^ ms desires, were both frusterated by the Governours reftiseing to 
 
 ethtosigne s j,r ne the promised Commission. At which being disgusted, though 
 the i ommis- or o o o 
 
 sion - at present he desembled ... so well as he could, (and tis supposed 
 
 that w . . . lie beggs leaue of the Governour for to be despence . . . his 
 
 Bacon dia- gervis at the Councell table, to vissit his L ... he saide, had informed 
 guated. 
 
 him, was indisposed, as to her . . . which request the Governour (after 
 som contest with his owne thoughts) granted, contrary to the advise of 
 som about him, who suspected Bacons designes, and that it was not 
 so much his Lady's sickness, as the distempers of a troubled minde, 
 that caused him to with draw to his owne house, and that this was 
 the truth, with in a few days was manifested, when that he returned 
 to Towne at the head of 500 Men in Arms. 
 
 The Governour did not want intillegence of Bacons designes, & 
 
 therefore sent out his summons for Yorke Traine Bands to reinforce 
 
 his gards, then at Towne. But the time was so short, (not above 12 
 
 Bacon re- bowers warning) and those that appeared at the Randevouze made 
 
 tunics to 
 
 Towne at the such a slender number, that under 1 Insignes there was not mustered 
 men, and above 100 Soulders, and not one halfe of them sure neather, and all so 
 Commission, slugish in there march, that before they could reach towne, by a grate 
 deale, Bacon had enter'd the same, and by force obtained a Connnition, 
 calculated to the bight of his owne desires. With which Commission, 
 (such as it was,) being invested, hee makes redy his provissions, fills 
 up his Companies to the designed number (500 in all) and so applies 
 him selfe to those servises the Countrey expected from him. And. first, 
 for y e secureing the same from the excursions of t lie Indians, in his 
 absence (and such might be expected) he commissionated severall per- 
 sons, (such as he could confide in) in every respectiue county, with 
 select companies of well armed men, to range the ForistS, swomps, 
 thickits, and all such suspected places where the Indiands might haue 
 any shelter for the docing of mischeil'e. Which proseedings of his put 
 so much enrage into the Planters, that they began to applye them 
 seines to there accustomed imployments in there plantations: which 
 
" bacon's proceedings." 15 
 
 till now they durst not do, for feare of being knock'd on the head, as, 
 God knowes, too many were, before these orders were observed. 
 
 While the Generall (for so w r as Bacon now denominated by vertue 
 of his Commission) was sedulous in these affaires, & fitting his provis- 
 sions, about the head of Yorke River, in order to his advance against 
 the Indians ; the Governour was steareiug quite contrary courses. He 
 was once more perswaded (but for what reasons not visible) to pro- 
 claime Bacon a Rebell againe. And now since his absence afforded 
 an advantage, to raise the countrey upon him, so soone as he should 
 returne tired and exhausted by his toyle and labour in the Indian war. 
 For the puting this councell in execution, the Governour steps ouer into 
 Gloster County, (a place the best replenished for men, arms, and affec- 
 tions of any County in Verginia,) all which the Governour summons TheGovem- 
 
 . . our sum- 
 
 to guie him a meeteing at a place & day assigned, where being met, mons in the 
 
 _. Gloster men 
 
 according to the summons, the (jrovernours proposalls was so much to the Court 
 
 liousc. 
 
 disrellished, by the wholl convention, that they all disbanded to 
 there owne aboades, after there promise past to stand by, and assist 
 the Governoure, against all those who should go about to rong, eather 
 his parson, or debase his Authority ; unto which promise they an- 
 next, or subioyned severall reasons why they thought it not, at pres- 
 ent, convenient to declare them selues against Bacon, as he was now 
 advanceing against the common enimy, who had in a most barber- 
 ous maner murthered som hundreds of o r ' deare Breatheren and Coun- 
 trey Men, and would, if not prevented by God, and the endeviours of 
 good men, do there utmost for to cut of the wholl Collony. There- The Giosters 
 
 /. i t i i • i • i • • • • men's pro- 
 
 tore they did thinke that it would be a thing inconsistant with reason, testation. 
 if that they, in this desperate coniunture of time, should go and ingage 
 themselves one against another ; from the result of which proseedings, 
 nothing could be expected but ruing and destruction unto both, to the 
 one and the other party, since that it might reasonably be conceued, 
 that while they should be exposeing there brests against one anothers 
 wepons, the barberous and common enimy (who would make his disad- 
 vantages [s«c] by our disadvantages) should be upon there backs to 
 knock out there brains. But if it should so hapen (as they did hope 
 it would never so hapen) that the Generall after the Indian war was 
 finished, should attempt any thing against his Hon 1 ? 5 person or Gover- 
 ment, that then they would rise up in arms, with a joynt consent, for 
 the prisarvation of both. 
 
 Since the Governour could obtaine no more, he was, at present, to 
 rest himselfe contented with this, while those who had advised him to 
 
16 " bacon's proseedings." 
 
 these undertakeings, was not a litle dissatisfide to finde the event not 
 to answer there expectations. But he at present, seeing there was no 
 more to be don. since he wanted a power to hane that don, which was 
 esteemed the maine of the affaires, now in hand to be don, namely, 
 the gaineing of the Gloster men. to do what lie would haue don, he 
 thought it not amiss to do what he had a power to do, and that was 
 once more to proclame Bacon a Tratour, which was performed in all 
 publiek places of meetings in these pans. The noyse of which proc- 
 lameation, after that it had past the admireation of all that were not 
 aquainted with the reasons that moued his honT to do what he had now 
 don, soone reached the Generall eares, not yet stopt up from lisning 
 to apparent dangers. 
 
 This strange and unexpected news put him. and som with him, 
 shrodely to there trumps, beleveing that a few such deales, or shuffles 
 (call them which you please) might quickly ring the cards, and game 
 too, out of his hand. lie perceued that he was falne (like the corne 
 betwene the stones) so that if he did not looke the better about him, 
 he might chance to be ground to powder. He knew that to haue a 
 certaine enimy in his frunt, and more then uncertaine friends in his 
 reare, portended no grate security from a violent death, and that there 
 could be no grate differance betwene his being wounded to death in his 
 brest, with bows and Arows, or in the back with Guns and Musquit 
 bullits. lie ilid see that there was an abseluted necessity of destroy- 
 ing the Indians, for the prisarvation of the English, and that there was 
 som care to be taken for his owne and soulders safety, otherways that 
 worke must be ill don, where the laberours are mad criples, and com- 
 peld, insteade of a sword, to betake them selues to a c[ru]tch. It 
 \e\t him to the licit (as he was heard to say) f [or] to thinke, that while 
 he was a hunting Wolves, Tygers and Foxis, which dayly destroyed 
 our ha[r]mless Sheep and Lamb[s,] that lice, and those with him, 
 should be persued iu the re[are], with a full crye. as a more salvage 
 or no less ra\ e[nous] beast. But to put all out of doubt, and himselfe 
 into . . . gree of safety, since he could not tell but that som [whom] 
 he had left liehinde. might not more desire his de[ath.] then to here 
 that by him the Indians were dcst[royed. he] forth with (after a short 
 consultation held with [som of his SOulde]rs) countermarcheth his 
 Army, and in a trice . . . with them at the midle Plantation,* a place 
 sit[uated in the] very heart of the Couutrey. 
 
 * Williamsburg. — Eds. 
 
"bacon's proseedings." 17 
 
 The first thing that Bacon fell upon (after [that he had] setled 
 himselfe at the Midle Plantation) was [to prepare] his Remonstrance, 
 and that as well against [the Governojurs Paper of the 29 of May, 
 as in answer to th[e Governours proclamation. Puting both papers 
 upon these D[eclarations, he asks] Whether Parsons wholly devoted 
 to there Kin[g and conn]trey, haters of all sinester, and by respects, 
 am[ing on]ly at the Countreys good, and indeviouring to th[e utmost 
 of there] power, to the haserd of there lives & fortunes, . . . destroy 
 those that are in Arms against King & . . . that never plotted, con- 
 trived, nor indevioured . . . ion, detrement or rong of any of his 
 Majesties [subjects, in] there lives, names, fortunes, or estates, can 
 desarue the appellations of Rebells and Traters ? He cites the wholl 
 country to testifye his & his soulders peaceable behaviours ; up- 
 brades som in Authorety with the meaness of there parts; others, 
 now welthey, with the meaness of there estates, when the came, 
 first in to the Country ; and questions by what just ways, or meanes, 
 they haue obtained the same ; and whether they haue not bin the 
 sponges that haue suck'd up & devoured the common tresurye ? 
 Questions what Arts, Ciences, Schooles of learning or Ma[n]ufacteres [Bacon - s dec- 
 
 . T . /. . laration.] 
 
 hath bin promoted by any now in Authorety r Iustifyes his avers- 
 sion (in generall) against the Indians ; Upbrades the Governour for 
 manetaineing there quarill (though never so unjust) against the Chris- 
 tians rites and intress ; His refuseing to- admit an English man's oath 
 against an Indian, when that an [In]dians word shall be a sufficient 
 proofe against an [En]glish Man : Saith som thing against the Gov- 
 ernour [con]cerning the Beaver trade, as not in his power to de . . . 
 off, as being a Monopley appertaineing to the Cro[wn] : Questions 
 whether the Traders at the heads of the ... s do not buy & sell the 
 blood of there deare Brther . . . untrey men : Araignes one Coll: 
 Coles ascertion [for sayi]ng that the English are bound to protect the 
 Ind[ians] ... or to the haserd of there blood; and so concludes] 
 [with a]n appeale to King and Parliament, where he [has no doubt] 
 but that his and the Peoples cause will be impartially h]eard. 
 
 [After this manner] the Game beginns, in which (though never so 
 . . . the one side must be, undoutedly, losers. This . . . nee of Bacons 
 was but the Prseludum (or rath . . . e) to the following Chapter : with- 
 out which the . . . t (in peoples mindes) be subject to rong interpre 
 . . . other ways look'd upou to be, at best, but Hetro . . . lie inditers 
 good meaneing. 
 
 . . . his next worke was to invite all that had [any regar]d to them- 
 
18 "bacon's proseedings." 
 
 selues, or love to there Countrey, the . . . Children, or any other re- 
 lations; to giue [him a meeting] in h\< Quarters, at a day named, 
 then and the[re to consn]lt how to put the countrey in to som degree 
 of safety, and to indevoure for to stop those imminent dangers, now 
 thretning the destruction of the wholl Collony, through the bloody 
 proseedings of the Indians; and (as he said) by S!' William B. doteing 
 and iregulcr actings. Desireing of them not to sit still, in this com- 
 mon time of callamitye, with there hands in there bosums ; or as uncon- 
 eer'd spectaters, stand gazeing upon their approcheing ruinys, and not 
 lend a hand to squench those flames now likely to consume them and 
 theres to ashes. 
 
 According to the summons, most of the prime Gen':men in these 
 parts, (where of som were of the Councell of State) gaue Bacon a 
 meeteing in his quarters, at y e assigned time. Where being met (after 
 a long Harange by him made, much of the nature of, and to explane 
 the summons) lie desired them to take the same so far in to there con- 
 sideration, that there might, by there wisdom, som expedient [be] 
 found out, as well for the countryes securytie against Sf Williams 
 [reguler proseedings, as that hee, and Armye, might unmollest pros- 
 secute the Indian war. Ading, that neather him selfe, nor those 
 under liis command, thought it a thing consisting with reason, or com- 
 mon sence, to advance against the common Enimy, and in the meane 
 time want insureance (when they had don the worke abrode) not to 
 haue their throtes cut, when they should return hom, by those whoe 
 had set them to worke : being confident that Sf William and som 
 others with him, through a sence of their unworantable actions, would 
 do what was posible to be don, not onely to destroy himself, but others 
 (privie to their knavereys) now ingaged in the Indian servis with 
 him. 
 
 After that Bacon had urg'd, what he thought meet for y c better cary- 
 ing on of those affaires, now hammering in his head, it was concluded 
 by the wholl Convention, that for y e establishing the General 1. and 
 Army, in a consistancy of safely, and that as well upon his march 
 against the Indians, as when that he should returne from the servis, 
 and allso for the keepeing the Countrey in peace, in his absence, that 
 there should lie a test, or recognition, draw ne, and subscribed by the 
 wholl Countrey, which should oblige then [,s/r] and every of them, not 
 to he aideing nor assisting to Sf Will. Berkley .(for now he would not 
 afford him the title of Governour) in any sorte, to the molestation, 
 hinderance or detriment of the Ginerall and Army. This being as- 
 
11 bacon's proseedings." 19 
 
 sented to, the Clarke of the Assembley was ordred to put the same Thf ; n ; ifl1 
 
 J r projected. 
 
 in to forme ; which while he was a doeing, the Generall would ueeds 
 haue another branch added to the former, viz. That the people should 
 not onely be obliged not to be aideing unto Sf W: B. against the Gen- 
 erall, but that by the force of this Recognition, they should be obliged 
 to rise in Anns against him, if he with armed forces should offer to 
 resist the Generall, or desturb the Countries peace, in his absence : and 
 not onely so, but (to make the ingagement Al-a-mode [s/c] Rebellion) 
 he would haue it added, that if any forces should be sent out of Eng- 
 land, at y c request of Sr William, or other ways to his aide, that they 
 were likewise to be aposed, till such time as the Countrys cause should 
 be sent horn, and reported to his most Sacred Majesty. 
 
 These two last branches of this Bugbeare did marvellously startle 
 the people, especially the very last of all, yet for to giue the Generall 
 satisfaction how willing they were to give him all the security that lay 
 in there power, they seemed willing to subscribe the two first, as they 
 stood single, but not to any, if the last must be joyned with them. 
 But y e Generall used, or urged, a grate many reasons for the signeing 
 the wholl ingagement, as it was presented in the three conjoyned 
 branches, other ways no securitye could be expected, neather to the 
 Countrey, Armye, nor himselfe : therefore he was resalued, if that 
 they would not do, what hee did judg soe reasonable, and necessary 
 to be don, in and about the premises, that he would surrender up his 
 Commission to the Assembley, and let the countrey finde som other 
 servants to goe abrode and do there worke. 
 
 For, sath he, it is to be considered, that § : r William hath allredy Bacons 
 proclamed me a Rebell, and it is not unknowne to himselfe that I both y« takeing 
 can, and shall charge him with no less then Treason. And it is not 
 my selfe onely, that must and is concerned in what shall be charged 
 against him, but severall Gen'imen in the countrey, besides ; who 
 now arc, and ever will be against his intress, and of those that shall 
 adhere to his ilegall proseedings : of which he being more then ord- 
 narely senceable, it cannot in common reason be otherways conceued, 
 but that he being assisted by those forces, now implored, that they 
 shall not be wholly imployed to the destruction of all those capeable 
 to frame an accuseation against him, to his sacred Majesty. Neather 
 can it reasonably be apprehended, that he will ever condesend to any 
 friendly accomadation w'! 1 those that shall subscribe to all, or any part 
 of this ingagement, unless such or such persons shall be surrendred up 
 to his marcy, to be proseeded against, as he shall thiuke fitt : and then 
 
20 "bacon's proseedings." 
 
 how ninny, or few, those may be, whom he shall make choyce of, to be 
 sent into the tother world, that he may be rid of his feares in this, may 
 be lfl'i to consideration. 
 
 Many things was (by mauy of those who were at this meeting) 
 urged pro and con, concerning the takeing or not takeing of the in- 
 gagement: But such was the ressalute temper of the Generall, 
 against all reasoning to the contrary, that y e wholl must be swollowed, 
 or ells no good would be don. In the urging of which he used such 
 specious and subtill pretences; som times for the pressing, and not to 
 be despenced with necessity, in regarde of those feares the wholl Col- 
 lony was subjected to through the duly murthers perpetrated by the 
 Indians, and then againe opening the harmlesness of the Oath, as he 
 would haue it to be, and which he manidged solely against a grate 
 mauy of those counted the wisest men in the Countrey, with so much 
 art and sophisticall dixterety, that at length there was litle said, by 
 any. against the same: Especially when that the Guner of York Fort 
 arived, imploFeing aide to secure the same against the Indians; ading 
 that there was a grate many poore people tied into it for protection, 
 which could not be, unless there was som speedy course taken to rein- 
 force the said Fort, with Munition and Arms, other ways it, and those 
 fled to it, would go nere hand to fall in to the power of the Heathen. 
 
 The Generall was som what startled at this newes, & accordingly 
 expostulated the same, how could it posible be that the most concider- 
 ablesl fortris in the countrey. should hu in danger to be surprised by 
 the Indians. But being tould that the Governour, the day before, had 
 caused all the Arms and Amunition to be convayed out of the Fort 
 into his owne vessell, with which he was saled forth of the Countrey, 
 as it was thought, it is strange to thinke, what impressions this Story 
 made upon the peoples apprehentions. In ernist this action did stager 
 a grate many, otherways well inclined to S* "William, who could not 
 tell what constructions to put upon it. How over, this was no grate 
 disadvantage to Bacons designes ; he knew well enough how to make 
 his advantages out of this, as well as he did out of the Gloster busness, 
 before mentioned, by frameing and stomping out to the peoples appre- 
 hentions what commentaries, or interpretations, he pleased, upon the 
 least oversight by the Governour commited; which hee managed with 
 so much (Mining & subtillety, that the peoples minds became quickly 
 flexable, and apt to receue any impression, or simillitude, that his 
 Arguments should represent to there ill disarneing judgments; in so 
 much that the Oath became now more smooth, and glib, to be swol- 
 
" bacon's proseedings." 21 
 
 lowed, even by those who had the gratest repugnancy against it ; so 
 that there was no more descorses used neather for restrictions nor in- 
 largements ; onely this salvo was granted, unto those who would clame 
 the benifit of it (and som did soe) yet not exprest in the writen copey 
 (viz.) That if there was any thing in the same of such dangerous 
 consequence that might tant the subscribers Alegence, that then they 
 should stand absalued from all and every part of the & d oath ; unto 
 which the Generall gave his consent (and certainely he had too much 
 cuning to denye, or gaiue say it) saying God forbid that it should be 
 other ways ment, or intended ; adding that himselfe (and Armye by 
 his command) had, som few days before taken the Oath of Alegience, 
 therefore it could not Rationally be immagined that eather him selfe, 
 or them, would goe about to act, or do, any thing contrary to the meane- 
 ing of the same. 
 
 Bad Ware requires a darke store, while Sleeke and Pounce inveagles 
 the Chapmans judgment. Though the first subscribers were indulged 
 the liberty of entering there exceptions, against the strict letter of the 
 oath, yet others who were to take the same before the respectiue jus- 
 tices of peace in their severall juridictions, were not to haue y e same 
 lattitude. For the power of affording cautions, and exceptions, was 
 solely in the imposer, not in those who should here after administer 
 the oath, whereby the aftertakers were obliged to swollow the same 
 (though it might haserd there choakeing) as it stood in the very letter 
 thereoff. Neather can I apprehend what benifit could posible accrew 
 more unto those who were indulged, the fore s d previllidg, then to those 
 who were debard the same ; since both subscribed the ingagement as it 
 stood in the letter, not as it was in the meaneing of the subscriber. It 
 is trew, before God and there owne coheienees, it might be pleadeable, 
 but not at the Bar of humane proseedings, with out a favourable inter- 
 pretation put upon it, by those who were to be the judges. 
 
 While Bacon was contriuing, and imposeing this Illegall Oath, for 
 to secure him selfe against the Governour, the Governour was no less 
 sollicious to finde out meanes to secure him selfe against Bacon. There- Sr w - s:,iIes 
 
 ° toAcco- 
 
 fore, as the onely place of securytie, within the Collouy, to keep out of mack. 
 Bacons reach, he sales over to Accomack. This place is sequestered 
 from the mane part of Verginia through the enterposition of the grate 
 Bay of Cheispiock, being itselfe an Isthmus, and commonly called the 
 Eastern shore. It is bounded on the East with the maiue oacian, and 
 on the Sowth west with the afore s d . Bay, which runs up into the 
 countrey navigable for the bigest Ships more then 2 10 miles, aud so 
 
 4 
 
22 
 
 " bacon's troseedings." 
 
 Bland & 
 Carver sent 
 to Acco- 
 mack. 
 
 Bacon ad- 
 vance th 
 against the 
 Indians. 
 
 Carver taken 
 and banged. 
 
 consequently, not approcheable from the other parts of Verginia but by 
 water, without surrounding the head of the .-'.' Bay: A labour of toyle, 
 time, and danger, in regard of the way. and habitations of the Indians. 
 
 It was not long before Bacon was inform'd where the Governour 
 had taken Santuary; neather was he ignorant what it was that moved 
 him to do what he had don: He did all so apprehend that, as he had 
 found the way out, he could (when he saw his owne time) finde the way 
 in againe; and though lie went forth with an emty hand he might 
 return with a full fist. For the preventing of which (as he thought) 
 lie despach'd away one Esq* Bland, a Gen*:man of an actiue and 
 stiring dispossition, and no grate admirer of S* Williams goodia >ss ; 
 and with him, in Commission, one Capt. Carver, a person aquainted 
 with Navigation, and one (as they say) indebted to S' W. (before he 
 dyed) for his life, upon a duble account, with forces in two ships, eather 
 to block S* William up in Accomack, or oilier ways to inveagle the 
 inhabitants (thinkeing that all the countrey, like the Friere in the 
 Bush, must needs be soe mad as to dance to there Pipe) to surrender 
 him up in to there hands. 
 
 Bacon haueing sent Bland, and the rest, to doe this servis, once 
 more re-enters upon his Indian march; after that he had taken order 
 for the conveineing an Assembley, to sit downe on the 4 of Septem- 
 ber, y c Summons being Authentick'd, as they would haue it, under 
 the hands of 4 of the Councell of State ; and y c reason of the Conven- 
 tion to manidge the affaires of y e Countrey in his absence; least (as he 
 saide) while bee went abrode to destroy the Wolves, the Foxes, in 
 the meane time, should coin and devoure the Sheepe. Hee had not 
 march'd many miles, from his head quarters, but that newes came post 
 hast, that Bland and the rest with him. were snapt at Accomack; be- 
 trade (as som of there owne party related) by Capt. Carver: but 
 those who are best able to render an acount of this affaire do aver, 
 that there was no other Treason made use of bul there want of discre- 
 tion, assisted by the. juce of the Grape: had it bin other ways the 
 Governour would oever rewarded the servis with y'' gift of a Halter, 
 which he honoured Carver with, sudenly alter his surpriseall. Bland 
 was put in Irons, and ill intreated, as il was saide; most of the soulders 
 owned the Gdvernours cause, by entering them seines in to his servis; 
 those that refused were made prissoners, and promised a releasement 
 at the price of Carvers fate. 
 
 The Governour being blesl with this good servis, and the better 
 servis, in that it was elected with out blood shed, and being inform'd 
 
" bacon's proseedins." 23 
 
 that Bacon was entree! upon his Indian March, shins him solfe for the fi rW - sh ,'P 3 
 
 1 ' himselfe for 
 
 western shore, being assisted with 5 ships and 10 sloops, in which (asy" we8tern 
 
 ° r x shore. 
 
 it is saide) was about a thousand soulders. The newes whore of out- 
 striping his canvis wings soone reach'd the cares of those left by Bacon, 
 to see the Kings peace kep, by resisting the Kings vice gerent. For 
 before that the Governour could get over the Water, two fugetiues 
 was got to land, sent (as may be supposed) from som in Accomack, 
 spirited for the Generalls quarill, to inform those here, of the same 
 principles, of the Governours strength, and upon what terms his soul- 
 ders were to fight. And first they were to be rewarded with those 
 mens estates who had taken Bacons Oath, catch that catch could. 
 Secondly that they, and there heirs, for 21 years should be discharged Upon what 
 
 J . , J ° terms the 
 
 from all impossition, excepting Church dues, and lastly 12 pence per Accomack- 
 day, duremg the wholl time of seryis. And that it was further decreed fight, 
 that all Sarvants, whose masters were under the Generall Collours, or 
 that had subscribed the ingagement, should be set free, and injoy the 
 fore mention'd benilits, if that they would (in Arms) owne the Gov- 
 ernours cause. And that this was the wholl truth, and nothing but the 
 truth, the two men be fore mention'd, deposed before Capt. Thorp 
 one of the lust-asses of the peace, for York County, after that one 
 Collonell Scarsbrooke had more prudently declined the admiting these 
 two scoundrills to the test. Whether these ffellows were in the right, 
 or in the rong, as to what they had narated, I know not, but this is cer- 
 taine, whether the same was trew, or false, it produced the efects of 
 truth in peoples mindes ; who hereby became so much destracted in 
 there ressalutions, that they could not tell, at present, which way to turn The peoples 
 
 ii i-ii nil perplexed 
 
 them selues; while there tongues expresed no other language but what condition., 
 sounded forth feares, wishes, and execrations, as their apprehentions, 
 or affections, dictated : All lookeing upon them selues as a people utterly 
 undon, being equally exposed to the Governours displeasure, and the 
 Indians bloody crudities; Som cursing the cause of there approcheing 
 destruction, lookeing upo the Oath to be no small ingredient, helping 
 to fill up the measure of there Miserys: Others wishing the Generalls 
 presence, as there onely Rock of safety, while other look'd upon him 
 as the onely quick sands ordained to swollow up, and sinke the ship 
 that should set them on shore, or keep them from drownding in the 
 whirle poole of confuseiou. 
 
 In the midest of these feares, and perturbations, the Governour S* w. arives 
 
 • • lit XOWIIG 
 
 amies with his Fleet of ."> ships and 10 sloopes, all well man'd (or Sep. 7. 
 appear'd to be soe) before the Towne ; into which the Governour sends 
 
24 " bacon's proseedins." 
 
 his summons (it being possest by 7 or 800 Baconians) for a Rendi- 
 tion ; with a free and ample pardon to all that would decline Bacons 
 intress, and owne bis, excepting one Mr. Drummond and one Mr. 
 Larance a Collonell, and botb actiue promoters of Bacons designee : 
 Which is a most apparent argument, that what those two men (before 
 mentioned) bad sworn to, was a mere pack of untruths. This bis 
 Honours Proclamation was acceptable to most in Towne ; while others 
 againe would not trust to it, feareing to meet with som after-claps of 
 
 TiioUacon- revenue : "Which diverseity of opinions nut them all into a ressalution 
 
 ians tinsake ... 
 
 thetowne. of diserting the ])lace, as not Tenable (but indeed had it bin fortifved. 
 
 yet they had no Commission to fight) while they had the liberty of so 
 
 doeing, before it should be wholly invested ; which that night, in the 
 
 darke, they put in execution, every one shifting for him selfe with 
 
 no ordnary feare, in the gratest hast posible, for fere of being sent 
 
 after : And that som of them was posses'd with no ordnary feare, may 
 
 be manifested in Collonell Larenee, whose spirits were so much 
 
 destracted, at his apprehentions of being one excepted in the Gov- 
 
 ernours act of grace, that he forsooke his owne Howse with all his 
 
 welth and a faire Cupbord of Plate intire standing, which fell into the 
 
 Governours hands the nex Morning. 
 
 The Towne being thus forsaken, by the Baconians, his Honour 
 enters the same the next day, about noone ; where after he had ren- 
 dred thanks unto God for his safe arivall (which be forgot not to 
 perform upon his knees, at his first footeing the shore) bee applyes 
 himselfe not onely to secure what he had got possesion of, but to 
 increace and inlarge the same to his best advantage. And knowing 
 that the people of ould useally painted the God of war with a belly to 
 be fed, as well as with hands to fight, he began to cast about for the 
 bringing in of provissions for to feed his soulders ; and in the next 
 place for soulders, as well to reinforce his strength with in, as to inlarge 
 bis quarters abrode : But as the saying is, Man nyiy propose, but God 
 will dispose ; when that his hon r thought him selfe so much at liberty, 
 that he might haue the liberty to go when and where he pleased, his 
 expectations became very speedily & in a moment frusterated. 
 
 For Bacon baueing don bis buisness against the Indians, or at least 
 so much as he was able to do, haueing inarched his men with a urate 
 deale of toyle & haserd som hundreds of miles, one way and another, 
 killing som and takeing others prissoners, and haueing spent his pro- 
 vissions, draws in his forces with in the verge of the English Planta- 
 tions, from whence he dismiseth the gratest part of his Army to 
 
"bacon's proceedings." 25 
 
 gether strength against the next designed March, which was no sooner 
 don but he iucounters the newes of the Governours being arived at 
 town. Of which being informed he with a marvellous cellerity (out- 
 striping the swift wings of fame) marcheth those few men now with 
 him (which bee had onely resarved as a gard to his parson) and in a 
 trice blocks up the Goveruour in Towne, to the generall astonishment Bacon blocks 
 
 1 D the Governo* 
 
 of the wholl Countrey ; especially when that Bacons numbers was up in towne. 
 knowne ; which at this time did not exseed aboue a hundred and fifty, 
 and these not above two thirds at worke neather. An action of so 
 strange an Aspect, that who ever tooke notis of it, could not chuse 
 but thinke but that the Accomackians eather intended to receue their 
 promised pay, without disart; or other ways to establish such signall 
 testimonies of there cowerdize or disatfections, or both, that posterity 
 might stand & gaze at there reched stupidety. 
 
 Bacon soone perceved what easey worke he was likely to haue, in 
 this servis, and so began to set as small an esteeme upon these mens 
 curages, as they did upon there owne credits. Plee saw, by the Pro- 
 log, what sport might he expected in the play, and soe began to dispose 
 of his affaires accordingly. Yet not knowing but that the paucity of 
 his numbers being once knowne, to those in Towne, it might raise there 
 hearts to a degree of curage, haueing so much the ods, and that mani- 
 times number prevales against ressalution, he thought it not amiss, 
 since the Lions strength was too weake, to strengthen the same with 
 the Foxes Braines : and how this was to be efected you shall heare. 
 
 For emediately he despacheth two or three parties of Horss, and"***^^* 3 
 about so many in each party, for more he could not spare, to bring in Geut : w °~ 
 to the Camp some of the prime Gent: Women, whose Husbands were the camp, 
 
 1 l m ami for 
 
 \ in towne. Where when arived he sends one of them to inform her what. 
 owne, and the others Husbands, for what purposes he had brought them 
 into the camp, namely, to be plac'd in the fore frunt of his Men, at such 
 time as those in towne should sally forth upon him. 
 
 The poore Gent: Women were mightely astonish'd at this project ; 
 neather were there Husbands voide of amazements at this subtill in- 
 vention. If Mr Fuller thought it strange, that the Divells black gard 
 should be enrouled Gods soulders, they made it no less wonderfull, that 
 there innocent and harmless Wives should thus be entred a white garde 
 to the Divell. This action was a Method, in war, that they were not 
 well aquainted with (no not those the best inform'd in milliiary affaires) 
 that before they could com to pearce their enimies sides, they must be 
 obliged to dart there wepons through there wives brest : By which 
 
26 "bacon's proceedings." 
 
 meanes though they (in there owne parsons) might escape without 
 wounds ; yet it might be the lamentable fate of there better halfe to 
 drop by gunshott, or other ways be wounded to death. 
 
 Whether it was these Considerations, or som others, I do not know, 
 that kep their swords in there scabards : But this is manifest, That 
 Bacon knit more knotts by his owne head in one day, then all the hands 
 in Towne was able to untye in a wholl weeke : While these Ladyes 
 white Aprons became of grater force to keepe the beseiged from salle- 
 ing out then his works (a pittifull trench) had strength to repell the 
 weakest shot, that should haue bin sent into his Legure, had he not 
 made use of this invention. ■ 
 
 For it is to be noted that rite in his frunt, where he was to lodge his 
 Men, the Governour had planted 3 grate Guns, for to play poynt blank 
 upon his Men, as they were at worke, at about 100 or a 150 paces dis- 
 tance; and then againe, on his right hand, all most close aborde the 
 shore, lay the ships, with ther broade sides, to thunder upon him if he 
 should offer to make an onslaute : this being the onely place, by laud, 
 for him to make his entrey, into the Towne : But for your better satis- 
 faction, or rather those who you may show this Naritiue to, who haue 
 never bin upon the place, take this short description. 
 The dcscrip- The place, on which the Towne is built, is a perfict Peninsulla, or 
 
 tii hi ill Limes ' 
 
 Towne. tract of Land, all most wholly incompast with Hater. Ilaueing on the 
 
 Sowth side the River (Formerly Powhetan, now called lames River) 
 3 miles brode, Incompast on the North, from the east point, with a deep 
 Creeke, rangeing in a cemicircle, to the west, with in 10 paces of the 
 River: and there, by a sinalle Istmos, tacked to y e Continent. This 
 Iseland (tor so it is denominate) hath for Longitud (east and west) 
 nere upo 2 miles, and for Lattitude about halfe so much, beareing in 
 the wholl compass about 5 miles, litle more or less. It is low-ground, 
 full of Marches and Swomps, which makes the Aire, especially in y° 
 Sumer, insalubritious & unhelty : It is not at all replenish'd with 
 springs of fresh water, & that which they haue in ther Wells, brackish, 
 ill sented, penurious, and not gratefull to y L ' stumack ; which render the 
 place improper to indure the commencement of a seige. The Towne 
 is built much about the midle of the Sowth line, close upon the River, 
 extending east and west, about 3 quarters of a mile; in which is com- 
 prehended som 16 or 18 howses, most as is the Church, built of Brick, 
 faire and large; and in them about a dozen tlamilles (for all the bowses 
 are not inhabited) getting there liveings by keepeing of ordnaries, at 
 exstreorduary rates. 
 
"bacon's proceedings." 27 
 
 The Governour understanding that the Gent: "Women, at the Le- 
 gure, was, by order, drawne out of danger, resalued, if posible, to 
 beate Bacon out of his trench : which he thought midit easely be a saiiey 
 
 00 ^ made upon 
 
 performed, now that his Gardian Angles had forsaken his Camp. Bacon. 
 For the efecting of which he sent forth 7 or (as they say) 800 of 
 his Accomackians, who (like scholers goeing to schoole) went out with 
 hevie harts, but returnd hom with light heeles ; thinkeing it better 
 to turne there backs upon that storme, that there brests could not in- 
 dure to strugle against, for feare of being gauled in there sides, or 
 other parts of there bodys, through the sharpness of the wether; which 
 (after a terable noyse of thunder and lightning out of the Easte) began 
 to blow with a powder (and som leade too as big as musquitt boolitts) 
 full in there faces, and that with so grate a violence, that som off them 
 was not able to stand upon there leggs, which made the rest betake 
 them selues to there heeles ; as the onely expedient to save there lives ; 
 which som amongst them had rather to haue lost, then to haue own'd 
 there safty at the price of such dishonourable rates. 
 
 The Governour was exstremly disgusted at the ill management of 
 this action, which he exprest in som passionate terms, against those 
 who merited the same. But in ernist, who could expect the event to 
 be other ways then it was, when at the first notis given, for the de- 
 signed salley to be put in execution, som of the officers made such 
 crabed faces at the report of the same, that the Guner of Yorke Fort 
 did proffer to purchase, for any that would buy, a Collonells, or a Cap- 
 lain^. Commission, for a chunke of a pipe. 
 
 The hext day Bacon orders 3 grate Guns to be brought into the 
 Camp, two where of he plants upon his trench. The one he sets to 
 worke (playing som calls itt, that takes delight to see stately structurs 
 heated downe, and Men blowne up into the aire like Shutle Cocks) 
 against the Ships, the other against the enterance into Towne, for to TheGovern- 
 
 _ our leaves 
 
 open a pasage to his intended Storm, which now was resalued upon as Towne. 
 he said, & which was prevented by the Governours forsakeing the 
 place, and shiping himselfe, once more to Accomack ; takeing along 
 with him all the Towne people, and there goods, leaveing all the grate 
 Guns naled up, and the bowses emty, for Bacon to enter at his pleas- 
 ure, and which he did the next morning before day: "Where, contrary 
 to his hopes, he met with nothing that might satistie eather him selfe 
 or soulders desires, except [\-w Horsses, two or three sellers of wine, 
 and som small quantety of Indian Corne with a grate many Tan'd 
 hides. 
 
28 " bacon's proceedings." 
 
 The Governour did not presently leaue lames River, but rested at 
 an Ancor som 20 miles below the Towne, which made Bacon enter- 
 taine som thoughts, that eather hee miglit haue a desire to re-enter his 
 late left quarters, or return aud block him up, as he had S' William. 
 And that there was som probability S"! W. might steare such a course 
 was news from Potomack (a province within the North Verge of Ver- 
 ginia) that Collonell Brent was marching at the head of 1000 Soulders 
 towards Towne in vindication of the Governours quarill. The better 
 Bacon sets to prevent Sf Williams designes (if he had a desire to returne) and to 
 on fire. hinder his Conjuntion with Brent (after that he had consulted with his 
 
 Cabinett Councell) he in 'a most barberous maner converts y e wholl 
 Towne into flames, cinders and ashes, not so much as spareing the 
 Church, and the first that ever was in Verginia. 
 
 Haueing performed this Flagitious, and sacralidgious action (which 
 put the worst of Sperits into a horid Consternation, at so in-humane a 
 fact) he marcheth his men to the Greene spring (the Governours 
 howse soe named) where haueing stade (feasting his Army at the Gov- 
 ernours Cost) two or 3 days, till he was inform'd of S : r Williams Mo- 
 cs ops over tion, he wafts his soulders over the River, at Tindells point, in to 
 
 into Ulo;-ter. 
 
 Glocester County : takeing up his head quarters at Collonell Warners ; 
 from whence hee sends out his Mandates, through the wholl County, 
 to give him a Meeting at the Court howse; there to take the ingage- 
 ment, that was first promoted at the Midle Plantation : for as yet, in 
 this County, it was not admited. While he was seduliously contriveing 
 this affaire, one Cap! Potter arives in post haste from Rapahanock, 
 with news that Coll: Brent was advanceing fast upon him (with a res- 
 alution to fight him) at the head of a 1000 men, what horss what foote, 
 if hee durst stay the commencement. Hee had no sooner red the Let- 
 ter, but hee commands the Drums to beate, for the gathering his soul- 
 ders under there Collours ; which being don hee aquaints them with 
 Baconre- Brents numbers and resalutions to fight, and then demands theres ; 
 
 Balue[8] to .,«..'••! 
 
 BgntBient. which was cherefully answered in the arhrmetiue, with snowtes and 
 
 acclematious, while the Drums thunders a March to meet the promised 
 conflict. The Soulders with abundance of cherefullness disburthening 
 them selues of all impediments to expedition, order, aud good decipling, 
 excepting there Oathes, and Wenches: the first where of they retain'd 
 in imitation of there Commanders ; the other out of pitty to the poore 
 whores; who seeing so many Men going to kill one another, began to 
 feare that if they staide behinde, for want of doing they might be un- 
 dou [( ]there being but a few left at horn, excepting ould men, to sett 
 
"bacon's proceedings." 29 
 
 them on worke,) and so chose rather to dye amongst the soulders, then 
 to be kep from there labour, and so dye for want of exercize. Be- 
 sides they knew if fortune cast them into there enimys hands, they had 
 nothing to be plundred of but there honisty ; and that, as too grate a 
 burthen, and not fitt to be worn in a Camp they had left at hom, there- 
 by to be found the more light, and fit for the servis they were des- 
 tinated to. And then againe they had heard a pritty good carrecter of 
 Brent, and they could not tell but that all or most of his Men might be 
 as good as him selfe ; so that let the world go which way it would ■ 
 (Stand still with Ptollomye, or turne rownd like a whorlegigg with Co- 
 pernicus) they were likely to com of with a saveing cast, the being 
 onely to change there Masters, not the trade they were bound pren- 
 tis to. 
 
 Bacon had not marched above 2 or 3 days jurney (and those but 
 short ones too, as being loth to tire his Laberours before they came to 
 there worke) but he meets news in post hast, that Brents Men (not Brents men 
 soulders) were all run away, and left him to shift for him selfe. For 
 they haueing heard that Bacon had beate the Governour out o'th 
 Towne they began to be afeard (if they should com with in his reach) 
 that he might beat them out of there lives, and so resalued not to come 
 nere him. Collonell Brent was mightily astonish'd at the departure of 
 his followers, saying that they had forsaken the stowtest man, and 
 ruing'd the fairest estate in Verginia ; which was by there cowerdize, 
 or disaffections, expos'd to the mercy of the Baconians. But they be- 
 ing (as they thought) more obliged to looke after their owne concernes 
 & lives, then to take notis, eather of his vallour, or estate, or of there 
 owne Credits, were not to be rought upon by any thing that he could do, 
 or say ; contrary to there owne fancies. 
 
 This buisness of Brents haueing (like the hoggs the devill sheard) 
 produced more noyse then wooll, Bacon, according to the Summons, 
 meets the Gloster men at the Court howse : where appeard som 6 or 7 The oath 
 
 tendred to 
 
 hundred horss and foot, with there Arms. After that Bacon, in a long the Gloster 
 Harage, had tendred them the ingagement (which as yet they had not 
 taken, and now was the onely cause of this Convention) one M' Cole 
 offered the sence of all the Gloster men, there present : which was 
 sum'd up in there desires, not to haue the oath imposed upon them, but 
 to be indulged the benifitt of Xeutralitie : But this he would not grant, 
 telling off them, that in this there request they appear'd like the worst 
 of sinners, who had a desire to be saved with the righteous, and yet, 
 would do nothing whereby they might obtaine there salvation ; and so 
 
30 "bacon's proceedings." 
 
 offering to go away, one Coll: Gouge (of his party) calls to him and 
 toulil him, that he had ouely spoke to the Ilorss (meaneing the Troop- 
 er-) and not to the foote. Bacon, in soni passion, replide, he had 
 Bpoke to the Men. and not to the Ilorss ; haueing left that servis for 
 him to do, because one beast best would understand the meaneing of 
 
 Mr. Wading, another. And because a minister, one Mr. Wading, did not onelv re- 
 :i Minister, ° •> 
 
 imprisson'd. (use to take the Ingagement. but. incouraged others to make him there 
 
 example, Bacon commited him to the Gard ; telling off him that it 
 was his place to Preach in the Church, not in the Camp: In the first 
 he might say what he pleased, but in the last, he was to say no more 
 then what should please him ; unless he could fight to better purpose 
 then he could preach. 
 
 The Gloster men haueing taken the ingagement, (which they did 
 not till another meeteing, and in another place) and all the worke 
 don on this side the Western Shore, Bacon thought it not a miss, but 
 worth his labour, to go and see how the Accomackians did. It must 
 be confest that he was a Geutanan of a Liberall education, and so 
 consequently must be replenish'd with good maners, which inables, and 
 obligeth all civell parsons both to remember, and repay, receued cur- 
 rim™ toeoe teSL ' es : which made him not to forget those kindenesses the Accomack- 
 to Acco- i ans bestow'd, in his absence, on his friends, and there niehbours, the 
 
 mack, o ' 
 
 Verginians: and so now he resalued (since he had nothing ells to do) 
 for to go and repay there kiude hearted vissitt. But first he thought 
 good to send them word of his good meaneing, that they might not 
 pleade want of time, for want of knowledg, to provide a reception an- 
 swerable to his quallety, and attendance. This was pritty faire play, 
 but really the Accomackians did not halfe like it. They had rather his 
 IIon : r would haue had the patience to haue stade till he had bin invited, 
 and then he should haue bin much more wellcom. But this must not 
 hinder his jurnye ; if nothing ells enterveine they must be troubled, 
 with a troublesom guest, as well as there neighbours had bin, for a grate 
 while together, to their exstreordnary charge, and utter undoeing. But 
 there kinde, and very mercyfull fate, to whom they, and their Posteri- 
 tye, must ever remane indebted, observeing there cares and feares, by 
 an admireable, and ever to be cellibrated providence, removed the 
 causes. For 
 
 Bacon haueing for som time, bin besciged by sickness, and now not 
 
 able to hould ovit any longer; all his strength, and provissions being 
 
 Bacon dyes spent, surrcndrcd up that Fort he was no longer able tokeepc, into the 
 
 Octulj r 18. ■ ° r ' 
 
 hands of that grim and all conquering Captaine, Death; after that he 
 
"bacon's proceedings." 31 
 
 had implor'd the assistance of the above mentioned Minester, for the 
 well makeing his Artickles of Rendition. The onely Religious duty 
 (as they say) he was observ'd to perform dureing these Intregues of 
 affaires, in which he was so considerable an actor, and soe much con- 
 searn'd, that rather then he would decline the cause, he be came so 
 deeply ingaged in, in the first rise there of, though much urged by ar- 
 guments of dehortations, by his nearest Relations and best friends, that 
 he subjected him selfe to all those inconvenences that, singly, might 
 bring a Man of a more Robust frame to his last hom. After he was 
 dead he was bemoned in these following lines (drawne by the Man that 
 waited upon his person, as it is said) and who attended his Corps to 
 there Buriall place : But where depossited till the Generall day, not 
 knowne, onely to those who are ressalutly silent in that particuler. 
 There was many coppes of Verces made after his departure, calculated 
 to the Lattitude of there' affections who composed them; as a rellish 
 taken from both appetites I haue here sent you a cuple. 
 
 Bacons Epitaph, made by his Man. 
 
 Death why soe crewill ! what no other way 
 To manifest thy splleene, but thus to slay 
 Our hopes of safety ; liberty, our all 
 Which, through thy tyrany, with him must fall 
 To its late Caoss 1 Had thy riged force 
 Bin delt by retale, and not thus in gross 
 Griefe had bin silent : Now wee must complairie 
 Since thou, in him, hast more then thousand slane 
 Whose lives and safetys did so much depend 
 On him there lif, with him there lives must end. 
 
 If 't he a sin to tliinke Death brib'd can bee 
 Wee must be guilty; say twas bribery 
 Guided the fatall shaft. Verginias foes 
 To whom for secrit crimes, just vengance owes 
 Disarved plagues, dreding their just disart 
 Corrupted Death by Parasscellcian art 
 Him to destroy ; whose well tride curage such, 
 There heartless harts, nor arms, nor strength could touch. 
 
 Who now must heale those wounds, or stop that blood 
 The Heathen made, and drew into a flood I 
 Who i'st must pleade our Cause ? nor Trump nor Drum 
 Nor Deputations ; these alass are dumb. 
 And Cannot speake. Our Arms (though nere so strong) 
 Will want the aide of his Commanding tongue, 
 Which Conquer'd more than Ceaser: He orethrew 
 Onely the outward frame ; this Could subdue 
 
32 "bacon's proceedings." 
 
 The raged workes of nature. Soules repleate 
 With dull Child could, he'd annemate with heate 
 Drawne forth of reasons Lymhick. In a word 
 Marss and Minerva, both in him Concurd 
 For arts, for arms, whose pea and sword alike 
 As Catos did, may admireation strike 
 In to his toes ; while they confess with all 
 It was there guilt stil'd him a Criminall. 
 Onely this differance doth from truth proceed 
 They in the guilt, he in the name must Weed 
 While none shall dare his Obseques to sing 
 In disarv'd measures ; until] time shall bring 
 Truth Crown'd w'." freedom, and from danger free 
 To sound his praises to pojterity. 
 
 Here let him rest ; while wee this truth report 
 Hee's gon from hence unto a higher Court 
 To pleade his Cause : where he by this doth know 
 Whetheb to Ceaser iiee WAS FRIEND, OB 1 OE. 
 
 Vpon the Death of G:B. 
 
 Whether to Ceaser he was Friend or Foe ? 
 Fox take such Ignorance, do you not know ? 
 Can he be Friend to Ceaser, that shall bring 
 The Arms of Hell, to fight againt the King 1 
 (Treason, Rebellion) then what reason haue 
 AVee for to waite upon him to his Grave, 
 There to express our passions ? Wilt not bee 
 Worss then his Crimes, to sing his Ellegie 
 In well tun'd numbers; where each Ella beares 
 (To his Flagitious name) a flood of teares ? 
 A name that hath more soules with sorow fed, 
 Then reched Niobe, single teares ere shed; 
 A name that fil'd all hearts, all eares, with paine, 
 Untill blest fate proclamed, Death had him slane. 
 Then how can it be counted for a sin 
 Though Death (nay though my selfe) had bribed bin, 
 To guide the fatal] shaft \ we honour all 
 That lends a hand unto a T[r]ators fall. 
 What though the well paide Rochit soundly ply 
 And box the Fulpitt, in to flatterey ; 
 Urging his Rethorick, and straind elloquence, 
 T' adorne incofhn'd filth and excrements; 
 Though the Defunct (like ours) nere tride 
 A well intended deed untill lie dide ' 
 'Twill be nor sin, nor shame, for us, to say 
 A two fould Fassion checker-workes this day 
 
"INGRAM'S PROCEEDINGS." 33 
 
 Of Ioy .and Sorow ; yet the last doth move 
 On feete impotent, wanting strength to prove 
 (Nor can the art of Logiek yeild releife) 
 How Ioy should he surmounted, by our greife. 
 Yet that wee Grve it cannot be denide, 
 But 'tis because he was, not cause he dide. 
 So wep tbe poore destresed, Ilyum Dames 
 Hereing those nam'd, there Citty put in flames, 
 And Country ruing'd ; If wee thus lament 
 It is against our present Ioyes consent. 
 For if the rule, in Pbisick, trew doth prove, 
 Remove the cause, th' effects will after move, 
 We haue outliv'd our sorows ; since we see 
 The Causes shifting, of our miserey. 
 
 Nor is't a single cause, that's slipt away, 
 That made us warble out, a well-a-day. 
 The Braines to plot, the hands to execute 
 Projected ills, Death Ioyntly did nonsute 
 At his black Bar. And what no Baile could save 
 He hath commited Prissoner to the Grave ; 
 From whence there's no repreive. Death keep him close 
 We haue too many Dwells still goe loose. 
 
 Ingrams Proceedings. 
 
 The Lion had no sooner made his exitt, but the Ape (by indubitable 
 right) steps upon the stage. Bacon was no sooner removed by the hand 
 of good providence, but another steps in, by the wheele of fickle for- 
 tune. The Countrey had, for som time, bin guided by a company of 
 knaves, now it was to try how it would behave it selfe under a foole. 
 Bacon had not long bin dead, (though it was a long time be fore som taiSs'up Ba- 
 would beleive that he was dead) but one Ingram (or Isgrum, which you 
 •will) takes up Bacons Commission (or ells by the patterne of that cuts 
 him out a new one) and as though he had bin his natureall heire, or 
 that Bacons Commission had bin granted not onely to him selfe, but to 
 his Executors, Administrates and Assignes, he (in the Millitary Court) 
 takes out a Probit of Bacons will, and proclames him selfe his Suc- 
 cesses 
 
 This Ingram, when that he came first into the Countrey, had gott 
 upon his Back the title of an Esquire, but how he came by it may pus- 
 sell all the Herolds in England to finde out, u[n]till he informs them of 
 his right name : how ever, by the helpe of this (and his fine capering, 
 for it is saide that he could dance well upon a Rope) he caper'd him 
 
 cons Com- 
 mission. 
 
34 
 
 "Ingram's proceedings." 
 
 Proclamed 
 
 (■ cut-rail. 
 
 Beverly 
 
 takes 
 
 Hansford 
 
 selfe in to a fine (though short liv'd) estate : by marying, here, with a 
 rich Widow, vallued at som hundreds of pounds. 
 
 The first thing that this fine fellow did, after that he was mounted 
 upon the back of his Commission, was to Spur, or Switch, those who 
 were to pay obedience unto his Authorety, by geting him selfe pro- 
 claimed Generall of all the forces, now raised, or here after to be raised, 
 iu Verginia : Which while it was performing at the head of the Army, 
 the Milke-sop stoode with his hatt in his hand, lookeing as demurely as 
 the grate Turks Muftie, at y e readeing som holy sentance, extracted 
 forth of the Alchron. The Bell-man haueiug don, he put on his hat, 
 and his Iauessarys threw up there Caps ; crying out as lowde as they 
 could Bellow, God save our new Generall, hopeing, no dout, but he, in 
 imitation of the grat Suitable, at his election, would haue inlarged there 
 pay, or ells haue given them leave to haue made Iewes of y e best 
 Christians in the Countrey : but he being more than halfe a jew him 
 self, at present forbad all plundrings, but such as he him selfe should be 
 parsonally at. 
 
 It was not long before the Governour (still at Accomack) had inti- 
 mation of Bacons death. He had a long time bin shut up in the Arke 
 (as we may say) and now thought good to send out a winged Messin- 
 ger to see, if happely, y e Delluge was any whit abated ; and whether 
 any dry-ground emerg'd its head, on which, with safety, he might sett 
 his foot, without danger of being wetshod in blood, which accordingly 
 he effected, under the command of one Ma Beverly : a parson calcu- 
 lated to the Lattitude of the Servis, which required descretion, Curage, 
 & Celerity, as qualetys wholly subservant to millitary affares : And 
 all though he returnd not with an Olive branch in his Mouth, the Hy- 
 rogliph of peace, yet he went back with the Laurell upon his browes, 
 the emblim of Conquest and tryumph, haueing snapt up one Coll: 
 Hansford, and his party, who kep garde, at the Howse where Coll: 
 Reade did once live. It is saide that Hansford, at (or a litle before) 
 the ouslaut, had forsaken the Capitole of Marss, to pay his oblations in 
 the Temple of Venus; which made him the easere preay to his eni- 
 mies ; but this I haue onely upon report, and must not aver it upon my 
 historicall reputation : But if it was soe, it was the last Sacryfize he 
 ever after offred at the Shrine of that Luxurious Diety, for presently 
 alter that he came to Accomack, he had the ill luck to be the first Ver- 
 ginian borne that dyed upon a paire of Gallows. When that he came 
 to the place of Execution (which was about a Mile removed from his 
 prisson) he seemed very well resalued to undergo the utmost mallize 
 
"INGRAM'S PROCEEDINGS." 35 
 
 of his not over kiucle Destinie, onely Complaineing of the maner of his 
 death : Being obserued neather at the time of his tryall (which was by 
 a Court Martiall) nor afterwards, to suplicate any other faviour, then 
 thai he might be shot like a Soulder, and not to be hang'd like a Dog. 
 But it was tould him, that what he so passionately petitioned for could 
 not be granted, in that he was not condem'd as he was merely a 
 Soulder, but as a Rebell, taken in Arms against the King, whose Laws 
 had ordaind him that death. Dureing the short time he had to live, " ansfor(1 ] 
 
 ° ' Executed. 
 
 after his sentance, he approved to his best advantage for the well fare 
 of his soule, by repentance and contrition for all his Sinns, in generall, 
 excepting his Rebelellion, which he would not acknowledg ; desireing 
 the People, at the place of execution, to take notis that he dyed a Loyall 
 Subject, and a lover of his Countrey ; and that he had never taken up 
 arms, but for the destruction of the Indians, who had murthered so 
 many Christians. 
 
 The buisness being so well accompish'd, by those who had taken 
 Hansford, did so raise there Spirits, that they had no sooner deliver'd 
 there Fraight, at Accomack, but they hoyse up there sailes, and back 
 againe to Yorke River, where with a Marvellous celerity they surprise Cheisemao 
 one Major Cheise-Man, and som others, amongst whom one Cap* Wil- surprised] 
 
 ttv Beverly • 
 
 ford, who (it is saide) in the bickering lost one of his eyes, which he 
 seem'd litle concern'd at, as knowing, that when he came to Accomack, 
 that though he had bin stark blinde, yet the Governour would take 
 care for to afford him a guide, that should show him the way to the 
 Gallows. Since he had promised him a hanging, long before, as being 
 one of those that went out with Bacon, in his first expedition against 
 the Indians, without a Commission. 
 
 This Capf Wilford, though he was but a litle man, yet he had a 
 grate heart, and was knowne to be no Coward. He had for som yeares 
 bin an Interpreter betwene the English and the Indians, in whose 
 affaires he was well aquainted, which rendred him the more acceptable 
 to Bacon, who made use of him all along in his Indian War. By 
 birth he was the Second Sou of a Kf, who had lost life and estate 'in the 
 late Kings quarill, against the surnamed long Parliament, which forst 
 him to Verginia (the onely Citty of Refuge left in his Majesties 
 dominians, in those times, for destresed Cavaliers) to seeke his for- 
 tunes, which through his industerey began to be considerable, if the 
 kindness of his fate had bin more perminent, and not destin'd his life 
 to so reched a death. Major Cheisman, before he came to his triall, Chefeeman 
 
 dies in 
 
 dyed in prisson, of feare, Greife, or bad useage, for all these are prisson. 
 
36 " INGRAM'S PROCEEDINGS." 
 
 reported : and so by one death prevented another more dredfull to 
 flesh and blood. 
 
 Tbere is one remarkeable passage reported of this Major Cheis- 
 mans Lady, which because it sounds to the honour of her Sex, and 
 consequently of all loveing Wives, I will not deny it a roome in this 
 Narratiue. 
 
 When that the Major was brought in to the Governor 9 presence, 
 M« Chris- and by him demanded, what made him to meagre in Bacons designes? 
 
 mans ..'rate J / ° ° n 
 
 affections for Before that the Major could frame an Answer, to the Governours 
 
 her husband. . -rrr-p 
 
 demand ; Ins Wife steps in and tould his honf that it was her provoca- 
 tions that made her Husband joyne in the Cause that Bacon contended 
 for ; ading, that if he had not bin influenced by her instigations, he had 
 never don that which he had don. Therefore (upon her bended knees) 
 
 A kinde she desired of his hon r , that since what her Husband had don, was by 
 WilV. . 
 
 her meanes, and so, by Consequence, she most guilty, that shee might 
 be hang'd, and he pardon'd. Though the Governouer did know, that 
 what she had saide, was neare to the truth, yet he saide litle to her 
 
 request, onely telling of her that she was a W . But his honf was 
 
 angrey, & therefore this expression must be interprited the efects of 
 his passion, not his meaneing : For it is to be understood in reason, that 
 there is not any Woman, who hath soe small affection, for her Husband, 
 as to dishonour him by her dishonisty, and yet retaine such a degree 
 of love, that rather then he should be hang'd, shee will be content to 
 submit her owne life to the Sentance, to keep her husband from y e 
 Gallows. 
 Cap* Farlow Cap' Carver & Capt. Farlow was now (or about this time) Exe- 
 cuted, as is before hinted. Farlow was related to Cheisman, as he had 
 maried Farlows Neice. When that he went first into the servis 
 (which was presently after that Bacon had receued his Commission) 
 he was Chosen Commander of those recrutes sent out of Yorke County, 
 to Make up Bacons Numbers, according to the Gage of his Commis- 
 sion, limited for the Indian Servis ; and by Sf William (or som one of 
 the Councell) recommended to Bacon, as a fitt parson to be Com- 
 mander of the saide party. These terms, by which he became ingaged, 
 under Bacons Commands, he urged in his pley, at his triall : Ading, 
 that if he had, in what he had don, denyed the Geueralls orders, it 
 was in his power to hang him, by the judgment of a Court Martiall ; 
 and that he had acted nothing but in obedience to the Geueralls 
 Authority. But it was replide, against him, that he was put under 
 Bacons command for the servis of the Countrey, against the Indians, 
 
"INGRAM'S PROCEEDINGS." 37 
 
 which imploy he ought to haue kep to, and not to haue acted by yond 
 his bounds, as he had don : And Since he went into the Army under 
 the Governours orders, he was required to Search the Same, and see if 
 he could finde one that Commissionated him to take up Arms in oppos- 
 sition to the Governours Authority and parson : Neather had Bacon 
 any other power, by his Commission (had the same bin never so legally 
 obtained) but onely to make war upon the Indians. Farlow rejoyned, 
 that Bacon was, by his Commission, to see that the Kings peace was 
 kep, and to Suppress those that should indeviour to Perturbe the same. 
 It was reply'd, this might be granted him, and he might make his 
 advantage of it, but was required to consider, whether the Kings peace 
 was to be kep in resisting the Kings emediate Governour, soe as to 
 levy a War against him ; and so commanded him to be silent, while 
 his sentance was pronounced. This man was much pittied by those 
 who were aquainted with him, as one of a peaceable dispossition, and a 
 good scholer, which one might thinke should haue inabled him to have 
 taken a better estimate of his imployment, as he was aquainted with 
 the Mathamaticks : But it seems the Asstrolabe, or Quadrant, are 
 not the fitest instruments to take the altitude of a Subjects duty ; the 
 same being better demonstrated by practicall, not Speculatiue observa- 
 tions. 
 
 The nimble, and timely servis, performed by Major Beverly (before 
 mentioned) haueing opened the way, in som measure, the Governour 
 
 once more sallyeth out for the Westerne Shore, there to make trial] S r Will, re- 
 moves to 
 of his better fortune ; which now began to cast a more favourable York e River. 
 
 Aspect upon him and his affaires ; by removeing the maiue obstickles 
 out of the way, by a Death, eather Natureall, or violent, (the one the 
 ordnary, the other the exstreordnary workings of providence) which 
 had with such pertiuances, and violent perstringes, aposed his most 
 Auspicious proceedings. The last time he came, he made choyce of 
 lames River; now lie was resalued to set up his Rest in Yorke, as 
 hauein the nearest Vicinety to Gloster County (the River onely enter- 
 poseing betwene it and Yorke) in which, though the Enimy was the 
 strongest (as desireing to make it the Seate of the Warr, in regard of 
 severall locall covenencies) yet in it he knew that his friends was not 
 the weakest, whether wee respect number, or furniture. It is trew 
 they had taken the ingagement (as the rest had) to Bacon ; but hee 
 being dead, and the ingagement being onely personall, was lade in the 
 Grave with him; for it was not made to him selfe, his heires, Execu- 
 tors, administrate^ and Assignes ; if other ways, it might haue bin 
 
 G 
 
38 "INGRAM'S PROCEEDINGS." 
 
 indued with a kinde of immortallety ; unless the Sword, or juster (or 
 grater) power might hapen to wound it to death. But, how ever 
 Huron being Dead, and with him his Commission, all those, who had 
 taken the Ingagement, were now at liberty to go aud ehuse them selues 
 another Master. 
 
 But though his hour knew that though they were discharged from 
 the bindeing power of the oath, yel they were not free from the Com- 
 manding power of those Men that was still in Arms, in persuance of 
 those ends for which the ingagement was pretended to be taken : And 
 that before this could be effected, those Men must first be beaten from 
 there Anns, before the other could get there heeles at liberty, to do him 
 any servis. Therefore he began to cast about how he might remove 
 those Blocks which stoode in the Gloster Mens way : which being 
 once don, it must take away all Pretences, and leave them with out all 
 excuse, if they should offer to sitt still, when he, and his good provi- 
 dence together, had not onely knock'd off there shackles, but eather 
 imprisson'd there Iaylers, or tide them up to the Gallows. 
 The^trength H e ] ia <] with him now in Yorke River 4 Shipps besides 2 or 3 
 had. at his Sloopes. Three of the Ships he brought with him from Accomack : the 
 
 coming to i o 
 
 York. other (a Merchantman, as the rest were) was som time before arived 
 
 out of England, and in these about 150 Men, at his emediate com- 
 mand; and no more he had when he came into Yorke River: Where 
 being setled in Consultation with his friends, for the Manageing of his 
 affaires, to the best advantage; he was informed that there was a party 
 of the Baconians (for so they were still denominated, on that side, for 
 destinction sake) that had setled them selues in there winter quarters, 
 at the bowse of one Mf Howards, in Gloster county. 
 
 For to keepe these Vermin from breeding, in there warme Kenill, 
 he thought good, in time, for to get them ferited out. For the accom- 
 plishment of which peice of servis, he very secritly despacheth away 
 
 prisethColh a se ^ ec t number under the Conduct of Major Beverly, who very nimbly 
 performed the same, baueing the good fortune (as it is saide) to catch 
 them all a sleepe. And least the Good man of y c Ilowse should for- 
 gett this good servis, that Beverly had don him, in removeing his (to 
 him) chargable guess, with these sleepers, he convayes a good quan- 
 tity of there Landlords goods aborde: the Baconians (where of one a 
 Leiff Collonell) to remane prissoners, and the goods to be devided 
 amongst those whose servis had made them such, according to the Law 
 of Arms; which Howard will liaue to be the Law of HARMS, by 
 placeing the first letter of his name before the vowill A. 
 
 Harris in 
 
 Cluster. 
 
"INGRAM'S PROCEEDINGS." 39 
 
 But in ernist (and to leave jesting) Howard did really thinke it 
 hard measure, to see that go out of his store, by the Sword, which he 
 intended to deliver out by the Eli, or yard. Neather coidd his Wife 
 halfe like the Markitt ; when she saw the Chapmen carey her Daugh- 
 ters Husband away Prissoner, aud her owne fine Cloathes goeing into 
 Captivity: to be sould by Match and pin; and after worne by those 
 who (before these times) was not worth a point ; Yet it is thought, 
 that the ould Gent: Woman, was not so much concern'd that her Son 
 in Law was made a prissoner, a* her Daughter was vext, to see they 
 had not left one Man upon the Plantation, to comfort, neather herself 
 nor Mother. 
 
 This Block (and no less was the Commander of the fore mention'd The Giostcr 
 
 v men rise tor 
 
 sleepers) being removed out of the way, the Gloster Men began to S r \v. 
 stir abrode : Not provoked thereto out of any hopes of geting, but 
 through a feare of loseing. They did plaiuely perceue that if they 
 them selues did not goe to worke, sombody ells would, while they (for 
 there neglegence) might be compeld to pay them there wages ; and 
 what that might com to they could not tell, since it was probable, 
 in such Servises, the Laberours would be there owne Carvers ; and it 
 is commonly knowne, that Soulders makes no Conscience to take more 
 then there due. 
 
 The worke that was now to be don, in these parts (and further I ! rhat ; ! °" 1 \ 
 
 1 v ders at \\ est 
 
 cannot go for want of a guide) was cut out into severall parcells, accord- Port- 
 ing as the Baconians had devided the same. And first At Wests Point 
 (an Istlnnos which gives the Denomination to the two Rivers, Pomun- 
 key and Mattapony (Indian Names) that branch forth of York River, 
 Som 30 Miles above Tindells point) there was planted a garde of about 
 200 Soulders. This place Bacon had designed to make his prime 
 Randevouze, or place of Retreat, in respect of severall locall Con- 
 veuencis, this place ad mi ted off, and which bee found fitt for his pur- 
 pose, for sundry reasons. Here it was, I thinke, that Ingram did 
 eheifely reside, and from whence he drew his remits, of Men and Muni- 
 tion. The next Parcell, considerable, was at Green-spring (the Gov- At Greene 
 
 Spring. 
 
 ernours bowse) into which was put about 100 Men, and Boys, under 
 the Command of on Cap' Drew ; who was ressalutely bent (as he 
 sade) to keep the place in spite of all oppossition, and that he might 
 the better keepe his promise he caused all the Avenues, and approaches 
 to the same, to be Baracado'd up, and 3 grate Guns planted to beate of 
 the Assalents. A third parcell (of about 30 or 40) was put in to the At Coll. Ba- 
 
 1 N eon s. 
 
 Howse of Collonell Nath: Bacons (a Gent: Man related to him deceased, 
 
40 " INGRAM'S PROCEEDINGS." 
 
 but not of his principles) under the Command of one Major Whaly, a 
 stout ignorant Fellow (as most of the rest) as maybe scene here after; 
 these were the most considerables) parteys that the Gloster Men were 
 to dialc with, and which they had promised to reduce to obediance, or 
 other ways to beate them out of there lives, as som of them (perhaps 
 not well aquainted with Millitary affairs, or too well conseated of there 
 owne vallour) hosted to doe. 
 
 The Parson that, by Commission, was to perform this worke, was 
 one Major Lawrence Smith (and for this servis so iutitled, as it is 
 saide) a Gent: Man that in his time had hued out many a knotty peice 
 of worke, and soe the better knew how to handle such ruged fellowes 
 as the Baconians were famed to be. 
 
 The place for him to Congregate his men at (I say Congregate, as 
 a word not improper, since his second, in dignity, was a Minester, who 
 had lade downe the Miter and taken up the Ilelmett) was at one Major 
 Pates (in whose Ilowse Paeon had surrendred up both Life and Com- 
 mission ; the one to him that gaue it, the other to him that tooke it) 
 where there apeared men ennough to haue beaten all the Rebells in the 
 Countrey, onely with there Axes and Hoes, had they bin led on by a 
 good overseer. 
 
 I haue eather heard, or haue read, That a Compleate Generall 
 
 ought to be owner of these 3 induments : Wisdom to foresee. Expe- 
 
 The proper- Hence to chuse, and Curage to execute. He that wants the 2 last, can 
 
 ties of a good . 
 
 Generall. never haue the first ; since a wise Man will never undertake more 
 
 then he is able to perform; lie that hath the 2 first, wanting the last, 
 
 makes but a lame Commander; since Curage is an inseperable Adjunct 
 
 to the bare name of a Soulder, much more to a Generall : He that 
 
 wants the second, haueing the first & the last, is no less imperfict then 
 
 the other; since without experience, wisdom and curage (like youg 
 
 Docters) do but grope in the darke, or strike b\ gess. 
 
 Much about the time that the Gloster Men Mustred at M. Pates, 
 
 a riaeingin there was a riseing in Midle sex, upon the same acount : Who were no 
 Midlesex. „ .. . . . , 
 
 «ooner gott upon ther teet, hut y 8 Baconians resalues to bring them 
 
 Walklet on there knees. For the efecting of which Ingram speeds away one 
 
 pr'-ss it!" up " Walklett, his Leif! Generall, (a Man much like the Master) with a 
 
 marcheBaf- I )art y °^ HorSS, to do the worke. M. L. Smith was quickly inforin'd 
 
 ter Walklett. , m , m w ],. lt are nd "Walklett was sent, and so, with a Generous ressalu- 
 
 tion, resalues to be at his heeles, if not before hand with him, to helpe 
 
 his friends in there destress. And because he would not all together 
 
 trusl to others, in affaires of this nature, he advanceth at the head of 
 
"INGRAM'S PROCEEDINGS." 41 
 
 his owne Troops, (what Ilorss what Foote for number, is not in my 
 intillegence) leaveing the rest for to fortify Major Pates howse, & so 
 speeds after Walklet who, before Smith could reach the required 
 distance, had performed his Worke, with litle labour, and (hereing of 
 Smiths advance) was prepareing to giue him a Reception answerable 
 to his designements : Swareing to fight him though Smith should out 
 number him Cent per cent; and was not this a dareing ressalution of a 
 Boy that hardly ever saw Sword, but in a Scaberd ? 
 
 In the meane time that this buisnes was a doeing, Ingram under- Ingram takes 
 
 ° * the Gloster 
 
 Standing upon what designe M. L. Smith was f»on about, by the advice Men at m. 
 
 . . . . Pates. 
 
 of his officers strikes in betwene him and his new made (and new 
 maud) Garisson at M. Pates. He very nimbly invests the Howse, 
 and then summons the Soulders (then under the command of the fore 
 said Minester) to a speedy rendition, or otherways to stand out to 
 Mercy, at there utmost perill. After som toos and froes about the 
 buisness (quite beyond his text) the Minester accepts of Such Arti- 
 cles, for a Surrender, as pleased Ingram, and his Mermidons, to grant. 
 
 Ingram had no sooner don this jobb of jurnye worke (of which he 
 was not a litle proud) but M. L. Smith (haueing retracted his March M. G. Smith 
 
 ' ' v ° retracts liis 
 
 out of Midle-sex, as thinkeing it litle less then a disparagement to March from 
 
 . id Walklett. 
 
 haue any thing to doe with Walklett) was up on the back of Ingram, 
 before he was aware, and at which he was not a litle daunted, feareing 
 that he had beate Walklett to peices, in Midlesex. But he perceue- 
 ing that the Gloster Men did not weare (in there faces) the Coun- 
 tinances of Conquerers, nor there Cloathes the marks of any late 
 ingagement (being free from the honourable Staines of Wounds and 
 Gun shott) he began to hope the best, and the Gloster men to feare 
 the worst ; and what the properties of feare is, let Feltham tell you, 
 who saith, That if curage be a good Oriter, feare is a bad Counceller, 
 and a worss Ingineare. For insteade of erecting, it beates and batters 
 downe all Bullworks of defence : perswadeing the feeble hart that there 
 is no safety in armed Troops, Iron gates, nor stone walls. In oppossi- 
 tion of which Passion I will appose the Properties of it's Antithesis, 
 and say That as som men are never valient but in the midst of dis- 
 course, so others never manifest there Courage but in the midst of 
 danger: Never more alive then when in the jawes of Death, crowded 
 up in the midst of fire, smoke, Swords and gunns ; and then not so much 
 laying about them through despareation, or to saue there lives, as 
 through a Generosety of Spirit, to trample upon the lives of there 
 enimies. 
 
42 "INGRAM'S PROCEEDINGS.'"' 
 
 For the saveing of Pouder and Sliott (or rather through the before 
 J^jfwn!^ mentioned Generossety of Curage) one Major Bristow (on Smiths 
 Ingram. side) made a Motion to try the equity, and justness of the quarill, by 
 single Combett : Bristow proffering him selfe against anyone (being 
 a Gen') on the other side; this was noble, and like a Soulder. This 
 Motion (or rather Challenge) was as redely accepted by Ingram, as 
 proffer'd by Bristow; Ingram Swareing, the newest Oath in fashion, 
 that he would be the Man ; and so advanceth on foot, with sword and 
 Pistell, against Bristow; but was fetch'd back by his owne men, as 
 douteing the justness of there cause, or in Consideration of the de- 
 sparety that was betwene the two Antagonist. For though it might be 
 granted, that in a private Condition, Bristow was the better man, yet 
 now it was not to be alowed, as Ingram was intitled. 
 
 This buisness not fadging, betwene the two Champions, the Gloster 
 men began to entertaine strange, and new Ressalutions, quite Retrogade 
 to there pretentions, and what was by all goodmen expected from the 
 promiseing asspects of this there Leagueing against a usurping power. 
 It is saide that a good Cause and a good Deputation, is a lawfull Au- 
 thorety for any Man to fight by ; yet neather of these, joyntly nor 
 Severally, hath a Coercive power, to make a Man a good Soulder: If 
 he wants Courage, though he is inlisted under both, yet is he not 
 The Giostcr starling quoyne : he is at best but Coper, stompt with the Kin<rs im- 
 
 men submitt O -1 J ^ I > I O 
 
 to [ngram. press, and will pass for no more then his just vallew. As to a good 
 Cause, doutless, they had Satisfied themselves as to that, ells what were 
 they at this time a Contending for, and for whom? And as for a good 
 Deputation, if they wanted that, where fore did they so miserably be- 
 foole them selves, as to run in to the mouths of there enimies, and there 
 to stand still like a Company of Sheep, with the knife at there throtes, 
 and never so much as offer to Bleat ; for the saving of there lives, lib- 
 erties, Estates, and what to truly vallient men is of grater vallew then 
 these, there Creditts? all which now lay at the Mercy of there enimies, 
 by a tame surrender of there Arms, and Parsons in to the hands of In- 
 gram (with out Strikeing one Stroke) who haueing made all the cheil'e 
 Men prissoners (excepting those who first run away) he dismist the 
 rest to there owne abodes, there to Sum up the number of those that 
 were eather slane or wounded, in this Ser\ is. 
 
 Much about this time, of the Gloster huisnessr his lion'" semis abrode 
 
 FaiTlll :it- 
 
 tempathe a party of Men, from off aboarde, under the Command of one Hubert 
 
 Baconians 
 
 under Farrill, to fferitt out a Company of the Rebells, who kep (lard at Coll. 
 
 Whaly's ... 
 
 Command. Bacons, under the power of Major Whaly, before mentioned. Coll. 
 
"INGRAM'S PROCEEDINGS." 43 
 
 Bacon himselfe, and one Coll: Ludwell, came along with Farrill, to see 
 to the Management of the enterprise ; about which they tooke all posi- 
 ble care, that it might prove fortunate. For they had no sooner re- 
 salued upon the onsett, but they consult on the Maner, which was to be 
 effected by a Generossety paralell with the designe ; which required 
 Curage, and expedition : and so concludes not to answer the Centreys 
 by fireing ; but to take, kill, or drive them up to there Avenues, and 
 then to enter pell mell with them in to the howse : this Method was 
 good had it bin as well executed, as Contrived. But the Centrey had 
 no sooner made the Challinge, with his mouth, demanding who Corns 
 there ? but the other answer with there Musquits (which seldom 
 Speakes the language of friends) and that in soe loud a Maner, that it 
 alarum'd those in the howse to a defence, and then in to a posture to 
 salley out. Which the other perceueing (contrary to there first orders) 
 wheeles of from the danger, to find a place for there securytie, which 
 they in part found, behinde som out buildings, and from whence they 
 fired one upon the other, giveing the Bullits leave to grope there owne ' 
 way in the dark (for as yet it was not day) till the Generall was shot 
 through his loynes ; and in his fate all the soulders (or the grater part) 
 through there hearts, Now sunke in to there heels which they were now 
 makeing use of instead of there hands, the better to saue there jackits, 
 of which they had bin Certainely Stript, had they Com under there 
 enimies fingers, who kuowes better how to Steale then fight, not with- Famllkiid. 
 standing this uneven Cast of Fortunes Mallize. Being a Conflict, in 
 which the losers haue cause to repent, and the winers Faith to giue 
 God thanks ; unless with the same devotion Theives do when that they 
 haue stript honist Men out of there Mony. Here w T as none but there 
 Generall kild, whose Commission was found droping-wett with his owne 
 blood, in his pockitt ; and 3 or 4 taken prisoners ; what wounded not 
 knowne, if any, in there backs ; as there enimies say ; who glory'd more 
 in there Conquest then ever Scanderbeg did, for the gratest victory he 
 ever obtained against the Turkes. If 8 r Williams Cause were no bet- 
 ter then his fortunes, hither to, how many prossellites might his disas- 
 ters bring over to the tother side ? but God forbid that the justice of 
 all quarills should be estimated by there events. 
 
 Yet here in this action (as well as som other before) who can chuse 
 but deplore the strange fate that the Governour was subjected to, in 
 the evill choyce of his cheife-commanders, for the leadeing on his Mil- 
 itary transactions; that when his cause should com to a day of heare- 
 ing, they should want Curage to put in there pleay of defence, against 
 
44 u INGRAM'S PROCEEDINGS." 
 
 there Adverssarye arguments; and pittyfully to stand still and see 
 tlirinsclues nonsuted. in every sneakeing adventure, or Action, that cal'd 
 upon there Generossety, (if they had had any) to vindicate there indu- 
 bitable pretences against a usurped power. 
 
 It is trew Whalys Condition was desperate, and hee was resalved 
 that his Curage should be conformable & as desperate as his Condition. 
 He did not want intilligence how Hansford, and Som others, was sarved 
 at Accomack ; which made him thinke it a grate deale better to dye 
 like a Man, then to be hang'd like a Dogg ; if that his Fate would but 
 give him the liberty of picking as well as he had taken the liberty of 
 stealeing ; of which unsoulder-like quallety he was fowly guilty. But 
 let Whaleys condition be never so desperate, and that he was resalud 
 to Manage an oppossitiom against his Assalent according to his condi- 
 tion, yet those in the Howse with him stoode upon other terms, being 
 two thirds (and the wholl exseeded not 40) prest into the Servis, much 
 against there will ; and had a grater an tipethy against Whaly then they 
 had any cause for to feare his fate, if he, and they too, had bin taken. 
 As for that Objection, that Farrill was not. at this time, fully cured of 
 those Wounds he receved in the Salley at Towne, which in this action 
 proved detrimental! both to his strength and curage: "Why then (if it 
 was so) did he accept of this imploy (lie haueing the liberty of refuse- 
 ing) since none could be better aquainted with his owne Condition 
 (eatlier for Strength or Courage) better then him selfe? Certainely in 
 this particuler, Farills foolish ostentation was not excuseable, nor Sr 
 William with out blame, to Complye with his ambition, as he had no 
 other parts to prove himselfe a Soulder, then a haire brain'd ressalu- 
 tion to put him selfe forward in those affaires lie had no more aquaint- 
 ance with then what he had heard people talke off; For the falure of 
 this enterprise (which must wholly be refer'd to the breach he made 
 upon their sedulous determinations) which was (as is intimated before, 
 to croude in to the Howse with the Centre)) was not onely injurious 
 to there owne party, by letiug slip so faire an occasion, to weaken the 
 power of the enimy, by removeing Whaly out of the way, who was 
 esteemed the Most Considerablest parson on thai side ; but it was. and 
 did prove of bad cosequence to the adjacent parts, where lie kep gard: 
 For where as before he did onely take ame where he might do mis- 
 cheife, lie now did mischeife with out takeing ame : before this unhapie 
 conflict, he did levie at this, or that particuler onely. but now he shott 
 
 Ingram a f Rovers, lit the same lite where it would hi' matter'd nott. 
 
 reduced by . . 
 
 Grantham. Cap 1 : Crantham had, now, bin som tune in lorke River. A man unto 
 
"Ingram's proceedings." 45 
 
 whom Verginia is very much beholden for his neate contrivance in 
 bringing Ingram (and som others) over to barken to reason. With In- 
 gram lie bad som small aquaintance, for it was in his Ship that he came 
 to Verginia ; and so resalued to try if he might not doe that by words, 
 which others could not accomplish w th Swords. Now all though he 
 knew that Ingram was the Point, where all the lines of his contrivance 
 were for to Center, yet he could not tell, very well, how to obtaine this 
 point. For all though he did know that Ingram, in his private Condi- 
 tion, was accostable enough ; yet since the Tit Mouse (by one of For- 
 tunes figaryes) was becom an Elliphant, he did not know but that his 
 pride, might be as immence as his power : since the Peacock (though 
 bred upon a Dung-hill) is no less proud of his fine fethers then the 
 princely Eagle is of his noble curage. What Arguments Grantham 
 made use of, to ring the Sword out of Ingrams hand, to me is not vis- 
 able, more then what he tould me of; which I thinke was not Mercu- 
 riall enough, against an ordnary Sophester. But to speake the truth, 
 it may be imagin'd that Grantham (at this time) could not bring more 
 reasons to Convince Ingram, then Ingram had in his owne head to 
 Convince him selfe ; and so did onely a wate som favourable overtures 
 (and such as Grantham might, it is posible, now make) to bring him 
 over to the tother side. Neather could he apprehend more reason in 
 Granthams Arguments, then in his owne affaires, which now provok'd 
 him to dismount from the back of that Horss which he wanted skill, 
 and strength, to Manidge ; especially there being som, of his owne 
 party, wateing an opertunity to toss him out of the Sadie, of his new 
 mounted honours ; and of whose designes he wanted not som intilli- 
 gence, in the Countinances of his Mermidons ; who began for to looke 
 a skew upon this, there Milk-sopp Generall ; who they judged fitter to 
 dance upon a Rope, or in som of his wenches lapps, then to caper, 
 eather to Bellonies Bagpipe, or Marsses whisle. 
 
 But though Ingram was won upon, to turn honist, in this thing 
 (thanks to his necessitye, which made it an act of Compultion, not a 
 free will offering) yet was the worke but halfe don, untill the Soulders 
 were wrought upon to follow his example. And though he him selfe, 
 or any body ells, might command them to take up there Arms, when 
 any mischeife was to be don : yet it was a question whether he, or any 
 in the Countrye, could command them to lay downe there Arms, for to 
 efect or do an} r good. In such a case as this, where Authority wants 
 power, descretion must be made use of, as a vertue Surmounting a 
 brutish force. Grantham, though he had bin but a while in the Coun- 
 
 7 
 
46 "INGRAM'S PROCEEDINGS." 
 
 trey, and had scene but litle, as to mater of Action, yet he had heard a 
 grate deale ; and So Much that the name of Authority had but litle 
 power to ring y° Sword out of these Mad fellows hauds, as he did 
 perceue. And that there was more hopes to efect that by smoothe 
 words, which was never likely to be accomplish'd by rough deeds ; 
 there fore he resalued to accoste them, as the Divell courted Eve, 
 though to a better purpose, with never to be performed promises : 
 counting it no sin to Ludificate those for there good, that had hin de- 
 ceued by others to there hurt. He knew that Men were to be treated 
 as such, and Children according to there childish dispossitions : And 
 all though it was not with both these he was now to deale, yet he was 
 to observe the severall tempers of those he was to w 7 orke upon. 
 Grantham at What number of Soulders was, at this time, in Garrisson at West 
 
 \\ est Point. 
 
 Point, I am not Certane : It is saide about 250, sum'd up in freemen, 
 searvants and slaues ; these three ingredience being the Compossition 
 of Bacons Army, ever since that the Governour left Towne. These 
 was informed (to prepare the way) two or three days before that Grant- 
 ham came to them, that there was a treaty on foote betwene there 
 Generall, and the Governour ; and that Grantham did inanely promote 
 the same, as he was a parson that favoured the cause, that they were 
 contending for. 
 
 When that Grantham arived, amongst these fine fellowes, he was 
 receued with more then an ordnary respect ; which he haueing repade, 
 with a suteable deportment, he aquaints them with his Commission, 
 which was to tell them, that there was a peace Concluded betwene y° 
 Governour and there Generall ; ah since him self had (in som meas- 
 terma West- ures) used his indeviours, to bring the same to pass, bee beg'd of the 
 uurrendred. Governour, that he might haue the hon* to com and aquaint them 
 with the terms ; which he saide was such, that they had all cause to 
 rejoyce at, then any ways to thinke hardly of the same ; there being a 
 Compleate satisfaction to be given (by the Articles of agreement) ac- 
 cording to every ones particuler intress ; which he sum'd up under 
 these heads. And first, those that were now in Arms (and free Men) 
 under the Generall, were still to be retained in Arms, if they so 
 pleased, against the Indians. Secondly, And for those who had a desire 
 for to return horn, to there owne abodes, care was taken for to haue 
 them satisfide, for the time they had bin out, according to the alowance 
 made the last Assembley. And lastly, those that were sarvants in Arms, 
 and behaued them selues well, in there imployment, should emediately 
 receve discharges from there Indentures, signed by the Governour, or 
 
"ingkam's proceedings." 47 
 
 Sequetary of State ; and there Masters to receue, from the publick, a 
 valluable Satisfaction, for every Sarvant, so set free (Marke the words) 
 proportionally to the time that they haue to serve. 
 
 Upon these terms, the Soulders forsake West-Point, and goe with 
 Grantham to kiss the Governours hands (still at Tindells point) and 
 to receue the benifitt of the Articles mentioned by Grantham ; where 
 when they came (which was by water, them selues in one vessill, and 
 there Arms in another ; and so contrived by Grantham, as he tould me 
 him selfe, upon good reason) the Sarvants and Slaves was sent horn to 
 there Masters, there to stay till the Governour had leasure to signe 
 there discharges ; or to say better, till they were free, according to the 
 Custom of the Countrey, the rest was made prissoners, or entertain'd 
 by the Governour, as hee found them inclin'd. 
 
 Of all the obstickles, that hath, hither to, lane in the Governours 
 way, there is not one (which hath falne with in the Verge of my intilli- 
 gence) that hath bin removed by the Swoi-d ; excepting what was per- Spriing] 
 
 tt V • i i i secured tor 
 
 formed under the Conduct of Beverly: How this, undertaken by S[<] William. 
 Grantham, was effected, you haue heard ; though badly (as the rest) 
 by me Sum'd up. The next, that is taken notis of, is that at Greene 
 Spring (before hinted) under the Command of one Cap' Drew, formerly 
 a Miller (by profession) though now Dignifide with the title of a Cap' 
 and made Governour of this Place by Bacon, as he was a person form- 
 erly behoulden unto S5 William ; and soe, by way of recmiteall, most 
 likely to keepe him out of his owue Howse. This Whisker of Whor- 
 ly-Giggs, perceueing (now) that there was More Water coming downe 
 upon his Mill, then the Dam would hould, thought best in time, to for- 
 tif'ye the same, least all should be borne downe before he had taken 
 his toule. Which haueing effected (makeing it the strongest place in 
 the Country what with grate and small Gunns) he stands upon his 
 gard, aud refuseth to Surrender, but upon his owne terms ; Which be- 
 ing granted, he secures the place till such time as Sf William should, in 
 parson, com and take possesion of the same : And was not this pritely, 
 honestly, don, of a Miller. 
 
 The gratest difficulty, now to be performed, was to remove Drum- 
 mond and Larance out of the way. These two Men was excepted out 
 of the Governours pardon, by his Proclamation of Iune last, and 
 
 severall papers since, and for to dye without Marcy, when ever taken : 
 
 i t i •/» -r t i i n -r» Short carreer 
 
 as they were the cheife Incendiarys, and promoters to, and for Bacous of Drum- 
 
 Designes ; and by whose Councells all transactions were, for the grater Larance. 
 
 part, managed all along on that Side. Drummond was formerly Gov- 
 
48 "INGRAM'S PROCEEDINGS." 
 
 ernour of Carolina, and all ways esteemed a Parson of such indumenta, 
 -where Wisdom and honisty, are contending for suprioritv ; which ren- 
 dred him to he one of that sort of people, whose dementions are not to 
 be taken, hy the line of an ordnary Capassety. Larance was late one 
 of the Assembler, and Burgis for Towne, in which he was a liver 
 He was a Parson not meanelv aquainted with such learning (besides his 
 naturcall parts) that inables a Man for the management of more then 
 ordnary imployments, Which he subjected to an eclips, as well in the 
 transactings of the present affaires, as in the darke imbraces of a 
 Blackamoore, his slaue : And that in so fond a Maner, as though Venua 
 was cheifely to be worshiped in the Image of a Negro : or that Buty 
 consisted all together in the Antiphety of Compactions : to the noe 
 meane Scandle, and affrunt, of all the Vottrisses in or about towne. 
 When that West point was surrendred, and Greene Spring secur'd. 
 & I c"i n0nd f° r tne Governour, these two Gen' was at the Brick-howse, in New 
 «heBifck* ^ ent : a place Situate allmost oppossitt to West point, on the South 
 New^Kent s ^ e °^ ^ Lor ^ River, and not 2 Miles removed from the said point, with 
 som Soulders under there Command ; for to keepe the Governours Men 
 from landing on that Side; he haueing a Ship, at that time, at Ancor 
 nere the place. They had made som attempts to have hiudred Gran- 
 thams designes (of which they had gain'd som intilligence) but there 
 indeviours not fadging, they sent downe to Coll. Bacons to fetch of the 
 Gard there, under the Command of Whalcy, to reinforce there owne 
 strength.* 
 
 Whaly was quickly won to obay the commands of his Masters, 
 especially such in whose servis he might expect to receue good Wages : 
 forth with drawing ou[t] his Men, amongst whom was Som Boys, all 
 laden with the goods, and last remanes of Coll. Bacons Estate, an[d] 
 with all posihle Speed (after a March of 30 Miles,) joyne[d] with 
 Larance ; where they Mustred in all (besides (Co[n]cubines and 
 Whores, Whaley haueing added his to the r[est?] about 300 Men 
 and Boys. With which number, being [too] weake for to desend downe 
 in to the heart of the Conn[trey,] (now clear'd of the Baconians, or 
 possest by the other [par]ty) they march up higher in to New Kent, 
 as far [as] Coll: Gouges, thinking (like the snow hall) to incr[ease by] 
 there rouleing. But finding that in stead of increasing] there number 
 decreast; and that the Moone of there fortune was now past the full, 
 they broke up how[se-]keeping, every one shifting for him selfe, as his 
 
 * The first edition of this narrative ends here. — Eds. 
 
"INGRAM'S PROCEEDINGS." 49 
 
 ta[ste?] or feares directed; Whaly and Larance rnakein[g a] cleare 
 escape; but which way, or to what place, not knowne. Coll. Gouge 
 and the rest, went to there own[e ?] Howses, from whence they were 
 brought upon there [trijall, aborde a Ship, at Tindells point ; and from 
 thence ([all] that were condem) [sic] sent to the place of Execution. 
 [A]mongst which (of those that SufFer'd) were one Mf H[all] Clarke 
 of New Kent Court ; a parson of Neate Ingenuo[us] parts, but 
 adicted to a more then ordnary prying in [to] the Secrits of State 
 affaires, which som yeares las[t pa]st, wrought him in to the Gov- 
 ernours [dis]pleasure. A[nd] which (tis posible) at this time was [not] 
 forgott, [but] was lade to his charge upon his tria[ll(] which w[as 
 by] a Court Martiall) to me is not visa[ble ?] He nev[er hav]ing 
 appear'd as a Soulder publickly, [yet] was co[ndemn'd] to be hang'd 
 with 3 others (by Coll: [Bacons ?]s howse, [viz.] Major Page, (once 
 My Sarvant, at his [fir]st coming [into] the Countrey, Cap* Yong, 
 and one [Harris] . . . rtiall to Bacons Army. 
 
 This execution being over, the Govern[our] began to be wery of 
 the Water : and findeing that he be[g]an to gether Strength, resalues 
 to go a shore. There w[as] Considerable Cordialls administred to 
 him, in litle more then a weekes [ti]me, which he found had don him 
 a grate deale of [g]ood ; the Surrender of Wests point, Green spring, 
 & [t]he death of the fore Mentioned Men. The place where [he] went 
 on Shore, was at Coll: Bacons ; now clear'd [of] the Rebells, by the 
 hapey removeall of Whally, after [he] had (by the aideing helpe of his 
 party) devovered [no] less then 2000 pounds (to my certaine knowl- 
 edg) [of] Coll. Bacons estate ; the grater part in Store goods. [Here] 
 he meets with M' Drummond, taken the day be[fore] in New Kent, 
 Avhere he had absconded, ever since [th]e brakeing up howse keepe- 
 ing at Coll: Gouges. The [Govern]our ... a more then ordnaxy 
 gladness for to [see h]im, which (as he saide) did him more good then 
 y' [sigh]t of his owne Brother. If the Governour was soe [glad] to 
 see Drummon, Drommon was no less sad to see [his h]on* the sight of 
 wliom (with out the help of an As[trol]egr) might inform him what 
 death he should [die,] and that he had not many days to live. That 
 night [he] was sent aborde a Ship in Irons ; while the Governor [re-] 
 moved, the next day, in his Coach, to Mr Brays : a [jour]nye of some 
 5 Miles. The next day after, being Sater[day,] Drummond was, by a 
 party of Horss (who receu[ed him] at Coll: Bacons) convayed to his 
 tryall : In his way [thi]ther he complained very much that his Irons 
 hurt [him], and that his tine Cloake (as he called it, a green- ... for 
 
50 "Ingram's proceedings." 
 
 the II[a]ngman had taken his fur'd Coate from [him,] (a bad presage) 
 did much hinder him in his way. [When?] proffer'd [a h]orss, to 
 ride, he refused, and sade he [would] com to ... e to his port before 
 he was preparde [\vi]th his Anc[hor] : ading that he did very much 
 fere [S. r Wil]liam w[oukl] not al[low h]im time to put of his dir[ty 
 cl]othes b[efore] he went to lye downe upon his ev[en]iug b[e]d. 
 [He s]aide, welcom be the grace of God, for [it would clea]nse him 
 from all his filth and pollution. He ex[pressed] abundance of thankes 
 for being permitted to res[t hi]m selfe upon the Roade, while he 
 tooke a pipe of Tobacco. He discoursed very much, with that parson 
 who comm[anded] his gard, concerning the late troubles, affirming that 
 he was wholly innoscent of those . . . 
 
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