JnattJjitratijjn 
 
 Statue of Horace Mann. 
 
 
INAUGURATION 
 
 STATUE OF HORACE MANN, 
 
 IN THE STATE-HOUSE GROUNDS, BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, 
 
 JULY 4, 1865: 
 
 THE ADDEESSES OF GOV. ANDREW, JOHN D. PHILBRICK, 
 PRESIDENT HILL, DR. S. G. HOWE, AND OTHERS. 
 
 BOSTON: 
 WALKER, FULLER, AND COMPANY. 
 
 1865. 
 

 Only Fifty copies printed on large papier. 
 
 
 ^•^-^ -X^ ' -5, o 
 
 Boston : Printed by John Wilson and Son. 
 
THE MANN STATUE. 
 
 The death of Horace Mann called forth many public 
 expressions of esteem and admiration from people in 
 various parts of the United States, who regarded him 
 as a great and good man, and a public benefactor." 
 
 This pamphlet is merely a record of the events con- 
 nected with the erection of the bronze statue in front of 
 the State House in Boston. 
 
 Soon after the news of Mr. Mann's death reached 
 Massachusetts, a call was issued for a public meeting, 
 to take appropriate measures upon the sad event. A 
 large number of persons assembled, and deep feeling 
 was manifested. 
 
 A strong wish was expressed that some suitable and 
 permanent memorial of Mr. Mann should be procui-ed, 
 and placed in public view. 
 
 The following persons Avere named as a Committee to 
 carry out the views of the meeting : Samuel G. Howe, 
 George Boutwell, Josiah Quincy, George B. Emerson, 
 Alpheus Crosby, Ezra S. Gannett, Gideon F. Thayer, 
 Kobert C. Waterston, and Edward Edmunds. 
 
 Dr. Howe Avas afterwards chosen Chairman, and 
 R. C. Waterston, Secretary. 
 
Meetings of the Committee were held, from time to 
 time, as occasion required ; but the management of the 
 business principally devolved upon the Chairman. 
 
 Subscription papers were circulated through the State, 
 but especially among the teachers; and a fund was raised, 
 mainly in very small sums. 
 
 A petition was presented to the Legislature, during 
 the following winter, for leave to erect a bronze statue 
 in the Capitol grounds. The Legislature not only granted 
 the leave, but appropriated the sum of one thousand five 
 hundred dollars to erect a suitable pedestal ; the same 
 to be expended under the direction of the Committee 
 on State House Grounds. 
 
 This was an unusual and very striking proof of the 
 high regard in which Mr. Mann was held by persons in 
 all parts of the State. 
 
 After negotiations with several artists, a commission 
 for the statue was given to Miss Emma Stebbins. 
 
 THE INAUGURATION. 
 
 The statue was received in Boston in the spring of 
 1865, and was inaugurated early on the morning of the 
 4th of July. The ceremonies were simple and impres- 
 sive. The statue was covered with a cloth. There was 
 a gathering of eminent and earnest men and women on 
 the platform in the rear. The green was filled with 
 school-children, and a throng of people closed in on 
 both sides. 
 
After appropriate music by the Germania Band, the . 
 Chairman spoke as follows : — 
 
 Friends and Fellow-Citizens, — Human instincts lead 
 men, in all ages, to build monuments of some kind in 
 memory of those individuals who manifest in a striking 
 degree the qualities which are held iii the highest es- 
 teem in their generation. Savages raise a pile of stones 
 over the bodies of their strongest and most cunning 
 chiefs ; barbarians erect monuments to the great con- 
 querors ; military people, to great generals ; democracies, 
 to great orators ; aristocracies, to the " purple born," and 
 the like. Given the monuments which any people or 
 any set of men build, and you may know the character 
 of the builders. 
 
 In all ages, the great artists have been called upon to 
 illustrate and to perpetuate on canvas, in marble, or in 
 bronze, the viitues and excellences of those whom the 
 people held in high esteem. Hitherto, for the most 
 part, these honors of art have been monopolized by the 
 great fighters, by the great writers, or by the great talk- 
 ers. We, to-day, dedicate a monument to the memory 
 of a man whose greatness grew out of his love for his 
 fellow-men, his belief in their innate goodness and 
 capacity for improvement, and his burning zeal to elevate 
 and to improve them. He loved the people ; he lived for 
 and labored for the people ; nay, he died for the people, 
 inasmuch as his premature death was brought on by 
 over-zeal and over-work in the cause of popular educa- 
 tion. Fellow-citizens, it is proper that such a State as 
 Massachusetts should rear a monument to such a man ; 
 for it is alike the proof of his greatness and goodness, 
 
and of their virtue and intelligence. And the people of 
 Massachusetts have indeed built one, since the means for 
 erecting this statue were given by the people at larg^ 
 and not by the rich. A few rich gave of their abun- 
 dance ; but many poor gave of their poverty. The 
 school-master, who could spare but a dollar ; the school- 
 mistress, who could spare but fifty cents ; the little 
 boys and girls who could give but a dime, — have all 
 contributed to this work ; and the State of Massachu- 
 setts herself, as if to stamp her approval upon it, by the 
 vote of the Legislature, contributed the money to build 
 the pedestal. The monument stands, therefore, a token 
 of the people's love and reverence for a man who loved 
 and respected them. The work itself has been done by 
 an American woman ; by a Avoman of genius and of 
 heart; by a woman who, inspired by the nobleness of 
 her subject, has wrought out with cunning hand the 
 monument which we now unveil to your eyes, — the 
 Statue of Horace Ma^n. 
 
 As he pronounced the last words, the knot which 
 confined the covering was loosed, and the cloth slipping 
 slowly down revealed the statue to sight, amid much 
 applause and congratulation ; for it was evident to all, 
 at first glance, that the artist had caught the likeness, 
 and that, as a whole, her work was a great success. 
 
 In a moment, a sweet little girl* of six years old 
 tripped up a light ladder behind the Statue, and placed 
 upon the head a crown of fresh laurel leaves. The 
 effect of this was very touching. 
 
 * JIaggie W. Walker ; daugliter of Mr. James P. Walker, of Boston. 
 
^ 
 
 ^ f 
 
 Eev. R. C. Waterston then offered the following 
 Prayer : — ' T 
 
 Almighty God, Source of infinite Avisdom ! on this 
 great day of the nation's rejoicing, — this hirthday of 
 freedom, dear to all our hearts, associated with so 
 many inspiring thoughts and principles, — we would 
 invoke thy blessing upon the occasion which has 
 brought us together. The friends of education would 
 consecrate before thee, and to the best interests of hu- 
 manity, this memorial of a great and good man. Holy 
 Father, thou who hast never left the world without 
 a witness, who hast raised up through the succeeding 
 generations guiding spirits to be the light of their day, 
 we thank thee for the long line of martyrs and reformers, 
 for the men, true and magnanimous, who, in past time, 
 have been the benefactors of mankind. On this day, we 
 would thank thee for all who have dedicated their 
 powers to the cause of goodness, and the advancement 
 of their race in our Commonwealth, and throughout 
 the country. Especially, Almighty God, would we 
 thank thee, that in this land, where the institutions of 
 learning ai-e reverenced, thou didst raise up thy servant 
 to be a Leader among the people, and to promote with 
 such marked success the welfare of his country. We 
 thank thee. Holy Father, for those remarkable gifts 
 with which thou didst endow him, — which he zeal- 
 ously devoted to the public service. We thank thee, 
 that in thy providence he was called from his private 
 studies and pursuits, to a work so intimately connected 
 with the elevation of the Commonwealth ; and are re- 
 
joiced that we have among us the enduring monuments 
 of his wise zeal and self-sacrificing fidelity, — the Hos- 
 pitals which have been erected for the benefit of the 
 unfortunate, and those seminaries of learning, the Nor- 
 mal-schools, — the fii"st established upon this Continent, 
 — consecrated by his toil, — Centres of light and benefi- 
 cence. We thank thee for all that he accomplished 
 through succeeding years of judicious labor : and now, 
 Almighty God, that we behold the wide-spread results 
 of his efforts, we have here met that we may pay a 
 grateful tribute to his memory ; bowmg in heart-felt 
 adoration before thee that such a man has lived, and 
 that we are permitted to see a portion of the ingather- 
 ing harvests from the seeds which he scattered abroad. 
 The old and the young, the wise and the unlearned, the 
 head of the Commonwealth, the teachers of our schools, 
 our legislators, our philanthropists, the little cliildren of 
 the land, have come together, that they may pour forth 
 their grateful thanksgiving to thee, and that they may 
 be quickened by the memory of his deeds and his 
 character. O God ! in thy presence we have seen 
 the innocent hand of childhood laying its wreath upon 
 this lofty brow, in reverential affection. We now ded- 
 icate this statue to all that is truest and best m the 
 Commonwealth : we pray. Heavenly Father, that it 
 may stand here in the public place, — before the halls 
 of legislation, to guide, to quicken, and to cheer ; to 
 kindle a pure patriotism, a love of truth, of virtue, and 
 of mankind. On this day of freedom, when our victo- 
 rious armies are returning to their peaceful homes, the 
 integrity of the nation preserved ; — in this wonderful 
 
period of our history, when every fetter has fallen or is 
 falling, and slavery is to exist no longer, we have assem- 
 bled, amid great rejoicings, to consecrate this statue in a 
 land of Universal Freedom. Holy Father, we recognize 
 thee in thy marvellous workings ; and we pray that 
 this monument may stand, from generation to genera- 
 tion, a memorial of self-devoted toil, wisdom, and phi- 
 lanthropy, inspiring the young to renewed effort. We 
 pray for thy blessing upon the Commonwealth and the 
 whole country, our universities and schools, and upon 
 all for whom we should pray throughout the world. 
 To thee. Source of Supreme Intelligence, we consecrate 
 this work of art. May it accelerate the progress of 
 Truth, and herald the coming of thy Kingdom ; and 
 unto Thee, through the blessed Redeemer, who went 
 about doing good, we will return praise and thanks- 
 giving and homage, for ever and ever. Amen. 
 
 The Chairman then introduced His Excellency Gov- 
 ernor Andrew, who spoke as follows : — 
 
 Friends and Fellow-citizens, — On the 17th of June, 
 the anniversary of the battle of Bunker Hill, we dedi- 
 cated, on the banks of the Merrimac, a votive column, 
 reared to the memory of those Avho fell as the first mar- 
 tyrs in the great rebellion. To-day, the 4th of July, 
 near the shore of the Bay of Massachusetts, we inaugu- 
 rate this statue of enduring bronze, to preserve in mem- 
 ory, and to hand down to the generations, the form 
 and features of a sage, whose life helped to make those 
 simple citizens heroic soldiers, and to render possible 
 the triumph of liberty and manhood, of which the 
 
10 
 
 demonstrations signalizing this anniversary are a joyful 
 and continental celebration. 
 
 They were young, and bore the weapons of war Avhen 
 they fell. He was mature in age, and knew no weapon 
 but his voice and pen. They obeyed their country, and 
 marched the moment they heard her call. He was elect 
 from his early manhood to his high vocation, when, at 
 his graduation from college, he discoursed on " The 
 Progressive Character of the Human Race." Theirs 
 was a brief, sharp conflict. His was the struggle and 
 the toil of many manly years. AVorn out by excessive 
 devotion to his work, he — not less than they who were 
 slain in fight — seemed to the vision of man to have 
 died before his time. 
 
 In May, 1796, Horace Mann was born, a native of 
 Massachusetts. Graduated at Brown University in 
 Rhode Island, where he was afterwards a tutor of Latin 
 and Greek, he became, in 1823, a member of the bar 
 of Norfolk. The next year, forty-one years ago this 
 day, he delivered at Uedham an oration commemorative 
 of American Independence. Three years after that, he 
 was chosen to represent the town of Dedham in the 
 General Court of the Commonwealth. In 1836 he was 
 President of the Senate, to which he had been elected 
 from the County of Suffolk, having changed his resi- 
 dence, and become a citizen of Boston. 
 
 It was in his chair as the presiding officer of the Sen- 
 ate that I first saw this most impressive and truly emi- 
 nent person, who, though already ripe in age, mature in 
 thought, and of much experience in aff"airs, had then 
 scarcely laid the visible foundation of his subsequent 
 
11 
 
 great and enduring fame. It was one year later than 
 that when he became Secretary of the Massachusetts 
 Board of Education. And in that new position, Avhich 
 he created rather than filled, he rose, by a rare genius 
 for a work in which he could become the benefactor of 
 mankind, to lasting and acknowledged greatness. He 
 proved how lofty thought, how grand ideas, exact and 
 precise learning, combined with poetic conception, with 
 careful and toilsome elaboration of the humblest details, 
 and Avith energy and undying faith, could be united and 
 made visibly manifest in the life of a single man. 
 
 It is hardly too much to affu-m, that the eleven years 
 of his service as the head of the system of popular edu- 
 cation in Massachusetts lifted the cause itself into a 
 prominence and value in the public thought, not known 
 before, reformed and vitalized the system itself, and thus. 
 far, until this hour, has given to all other men their 
 sufficient task in trying to hold up the standard he reared 
 almost alone. 
 
 The death of John Quincy Adams, in his place in Con- 
 gress, turned the people toward Horace Mann for his 
 successor. He obeyed their call. In 1848 he ascended 
 the steps of the Capitol, to wear the mantle of that 
 wonderful old man, who, after his own public career 
 had once apparently ended, had contributed more to the 
 lasting fame of Massachusetts and to American liberty 
 than had been done by all his contemporaries in the 
 public service from his native Commonwealth. 
 
 In Congress, on the stump, or in the court-room when 
 he defended Drayton and Sayres under a ferocious slave 
 code, Horace Mann may be truly declared to have 
 
12 
 
 achieved, by means of his marvellous dialectics, his 
 absolute devotion, his endurance of labor, his ingenious 
 and fertile versatility of intellect, all that could have 
 been expected of a person whose previous life had been 
 that of uninterrupted political or professional employ- 
 ment. And yet he, for a dozen years, had laid aside the 
 law, for which he was educated, and had abandoned 
 political life, for which he had exhibited so much 
 adaptation, and had given his heart and brain and hand 
 to the single task, with undivided effort, of elevating the 
 district school, and of bettering the system by which 
 children were taught the common rudiments of common 
 knowledge. 
 
 In 1853 he accepted the Presidency of Antioch Col- 
 lege, in Ohio ; and there he expended the last six years 
 of a most active, devoted, and memorable life of duty 
 and high example. On every work he undertook, he 
 stamped himself. Thenceforth it bore the image of his 
 powerful will, his lofty conceptions, his singular inde- 
 pendence, his faithful integi'ity ; and these works, the 
 amelioration of man's estate by which he made posterity 
 his debtors, ai'e the true monuments commemorative of 
 such a character and such a life. 
 
 Not for his sake, therefore, but for ours, and for our 
 children's, in the name of Massachusetts, and in behalf 
 of her people, of the sacred cause of learning and the 
 not less holy cause of liberty, I inaugurate this monu- 
 mental effigy of Horace Mann. Here shall it stand, 
 mute but eloquent, in sunshine and in storm. On the 
 brow of Beacon Hill, in front of the Capitol of the Com- 
 monwealth, side by side, the statues of Webster and of 
 
13 
 
 Mann will attract the gaze of coming generations, defy- 
 ing the decays of time, long after these living men and 
 women who assist in this day's ceremonies shall have 
 slept in the dust with their fathers. 
 
 On the one hand is the statue of Daniel Webster, 
 the great Jurist, the great Statesman, the great Ameri- 
 can. On the other hand is the statue of Horace Mann, 
 the teacher of Philosophy in its application both to 
 politics and to popular learning, — whose constituency 
 was mankind. The rising sun of the morning will turn 
 from the purple east to salute his brow ; and when his 
 golden orb ascends to the zenith, shining down from on 
 high in the heavens, he will wrap and warm them both 
 with generous embrace in his lambent love and glory. 
 
 The following hymn was sung by a choir of children 
 to the tune of " Old Hundred: " — 
 
 O Thou at whose dread name we bend. 
 
 To whom our purest vows we pay, 
 God over all, in love descend, 
 
 And bless the service of this day. 
 
 Our fathers here, a pilgrim band, 
 
 Fixed the proud empire of the free ; 
 Art moved in gladness o'er the land, 
 
 And Faith her altars reared to thee. 
 
 Here, too, to guard, through every age. 
 
 The sacred rights their valor won, 
 They bade Instruction spread her page, 
 
 And send down Truth from sire to son. 
 
 Here still, through all succeeding time, 
 
 Their stores may truth and learning bring. 
 
 And still the anthem-note sublime 
 
 To thee from children's children sing. 
 
14 
 
 Dr. Howe then introduced John D. Philbrick, Esq., 
 Superintendent of the Public Schools of Boston, who 
 would represent the city in the necessary absence of the 
 Mayor. Mr. Philbrick spoke as follows : — 
 
 Mr. Chairman, — I am happy to participate with you 
 on this occasion, in doing honor to the greatest advocate 
 of popular education, by inaugurating this monumental 
 statue to his memory, here beneath the walls of the 
 Capitol, on this most auspicious morning of our national 
 anniversary. I feel that it is good for me to be here ; 
 not indeed to make any eulogy concerning this great 
 man, since the arrangements contemplate no such ser- 
 vice, but to unite with the friends of humanity who 
 have caused this memorial to be erected, in dedicating it, 
 with these simple ceremonies, to that honored name 
 which is destined to help keep the name of this Com- 
 monwealth respectable for ages to come. It was not 
 my fortune to enjoy the privilege of an intimate ac- 
 quaintance with Mr. Mann ; but I learned long ago to 
 venerate his character, and to be grateful for his self- 
 sacrificing labors in the cause of education. Not but 
 that he had other titles to our admiration and regard. 
 He was a philanthropist and a statesman. But he will 
 be known and honored hereafter chiefly as the great 
 educationist. His great toils and his great triumphs 
 were in the educational field, as the foremost champion 
 in all the world to this day, of the true doctrine of pub- 
 lic instruction. All his other labors and services, 
 whether in earlier or later life, were but preparatory or 
 supplementary to this grand mission of his life. This 
 
15 
 
 is, and is to be, the crown of his glory. The way he 
 took was his choice, because he thought it led to eminent 
 usefulness, though beset with difficulties and trials. I 
 rejoice that it has led to distinguished honor. 
 
 Mr. Mann once said of himself to a friend, " All my 
 boyish castles in the air had reference to do something 
 for the benefit of mankind ; and I had a conviction that 
 knowledge was my needed instrument." 
 
 Here we find the key to his whole life, his ends, his 
 motives, and his means, — the cultivation of his o^vn 
 mind and heart with the view to use his acquisitions and 
 powers for the improvement of his fellow-beings. He 
 saw and felt, that to be a doer of good was the true and 
 lawful end of all aspiring ; and thus at an early age his 
 ambition was turned into the channel of benevolence. 
 Gradually, as his mind expanded and his observation and 
 expression were enlarged, he came to see clearly, — be- 
 yond all shadow of doubt, — that the most beneficent of 
 all the work which it was given men to do, was that 
 of diffusing knowledge and virtue among men. And, 
 rising at length above the ends and aims of ordinary 
 statesmanship, his comprehensive intellect, in its impe- 
 rial sweep and its prophetic forecast, came to see that 
 our free institutes of government and religion — the 
 rich inheritance of oui" fathers — could be maintained 
 and preserved and enjoyed, only by an intelligent and 
 moral people. He saw also, that the necessary intel- 
 lectual and moral culture for the national safety, and the 
 national prosperity and happiness, could be obtained 
 only through the instrumentality of Free Public Schools 
 open to all, good enough for all, and attended by all. 
 
16 
 
 Nor did he stop here. He saw, and demonstrated with 
 irrefutable logic, and enforced with eloquence unsur- 
 passed, the right of every child to education, and the 
 corresponding duty of the State to furnish it. 
 
 And so by degrees he rose to the height of the great 
 argument of Universal Education. 
 
 Thus he seems to have been prepared by providential 
 training and development for his high vocation ; and, 
 when fully ripe for the undertaking, the appropriate 
 office was providentially ready for his acceptance. On 
 the 29th of June, 1837, he was chosen the first Secre- 
 tary of the Massachusetts Board of Education. Never 
 were man and place better adapted to each other. His 
 boldness, combined with caution, his dauntless courage 
 and unwearied patience, his zeal and fidelity, and his 
 faith in the ultimate triumph of the right and in the 
 progress of the race, were the qualities needed in 
 the pioneer work he was called to perform. In this 
 office, which his name has rendered illustrious, he labored 
 during twelve years for the elevation and regeneration of 
 the public schools of the State, with an enthusiasm and 
 self-sacrificing devotion which we can now look back upon 
 and contemplate only with astonishment and admiration. 
 His twelve reports as Secretary of the Board, his pub- 
 lished lectures and addresses on the subject of popular 
 education, and his essays in the " Common-School Jour- 
 nal," which he edited during the period of his Secre- 
 taryship, constitute by far the most valuable body of 
 educational literature ever produced by one mind. They 
 have given an impulse to the public mind on the subject 
 of education of incalculable importance. They are his 
 
17 
 
 preserved, we would thank tliee for all which, under thy 
 true monument, his ever-enduring memorial. The 
 potent forces which he set in motion through the instru- 
 mentality of his spoken and written words continue 
 their beneficent operations in all our borders. We see 
 their effects in all that we most value in our civilization. 
 It may well be doubted, whether any other man has done 
 so much as he has to shape the destiny and determine 
 the future history of the Commonwealth. 
 
 Although, during those twelve years, technically and 
 officially limited in his aims to the specific task of 
 elevating and improving the public schools of this State, 
 the eff'ects of his beneficent labors soon extended from 
 State to State, through the laud and beyond the sea, 
 till they were felt more or less in every civilized nation 
 on the globe. Never has any man had a deeper, broader, 
 truer sense of what popular education should be, — its 
 nature and necessity, — and the means of securing it ; 
 or who said more or did more to sink it deep into the 
 hearts of men. 
 
 His name and fame are secure ; they need no monu- 
 ment of bronze or marble to perpetuate their memory. 
 But, as an expression of our appreciation of the tran- 
 scendent importance of the cause for which he labored, 
 it is eminently fit that this sculptured image should be 
 set up where it will meet the eye of every legislator as 
 he enters " our halls of council." Indeed, " it is for us, 
 the living, rather to be dedicated here to the unfi^iished 
 loork" which he did so much to promote. " It is rather 
 for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining 
 before us, that from this honored name we take in- 
 
 3 
 
18 
 
 creased devotion to that cause for whicli he gave the last 
 measure of devotion." 
 
 1 rejoice especially in tliis occasion, because it is the 
 first time in the history of this country, if not of 
 the world, that the genius of Sculpture has been invoked 
 to aid in rendering such honors to one who gave him- 
 self to the education, iiot of a sect, or of a favored class, 
 but of the whole mass of the people, the rich and poor, 
 bond and free, without distinction of race, color, or 
 nationality. It thus becomes in some sort a landmark 
 to indicate a new step in the progress of society. 
 
 And I must not omit to call to mind at this time the 
 important fiict, that Mr. Mann, in his efforts to promote 
 the cause of popular education, came to see that this 
 object could be accomplished only by good teachers ; and 
 hence his Herculean struggles to establish and maintain 
 Normal schools for the training of such teachers, and 
 his unceasing endeavors to impress upon the pubHc 
 mind and heart the necessity of elevating and encour- 
 aging the profession of teaching, by bestowing upon it 
 proper social consideration and adequate pecuniary com- 
 pensation.' What he did to dignify and magnify the 
 teacher's calling entitles him to be reckoned as one of 
 its noblest benefactors. But alas that his matchless 
 appeals in its behalf should still be so little heeded even 
 in this Commonwealth ! 
 
 To my mind this majestic figure symbolizes, and wHW. 
 ever symbolize, as often as my eyes rest upon it, the 
 grand and inspiring Idea of Progress, — that idea which 
 was at once the faith and inspiration of Horace Mann. 
 He believed in, and therefore he labored for, the pro- 
 
19 
 
 gress of mankind, — the progress of the individual in 
 intellectual, moral, and physical excellence, and conse- 
 quently in happiness and usefulness ; the progress of 
 the State in freedom and justice, and consequently in 
 national prosperity and power. Universal education he 
 regarded as the divinely appointed means — education 
 sanctified by religion — of realizing this grand idea, 
 and therefore as the essential instrument of political 
 improvement and of social advancement. It is his 
 praise that he lived up to his idea. We have entered 
 into his labors ; and there is not a man or woman under 
 middle age bred in the State, who is not better educated 
 in consequence of Mr. Mann's labors. And now that 
 we have honored him with this monument, let us honor 
 him still more by imitating his example. 
 
 At the conclusion of Mr. Philbrick's remarks, Rev. 
 Thomas Hill, D.D., President of Harvard College, came 
 forward and spoke as follows : — 
 
 We have dedicated this statue, fellow-citizens, not 
 more to the memory of him of whose bodily presence it 
 is so faithful a reminder, than to those great principles 
 to which, especially during the twelve years in which he 
 was &st Secretary of the Board of Education, he dedi- 
 cated himself with such wonderful zeal, energy and suc- 
 cess. So long as it stands here on its firm pedestal, let 
 it perpetually remind the people of this Commonwealth, 
 and their representatives' in those halls of legislation, 
 that Massachusetts by his appointment, eight and twenty 
 years ago last Thursday, pledged herself to lead those 
 States who take a wise interest in the education of their 
 
20 
 
 citizens. Nobly did she struggle under his guidance, 
 and with his powerful aid, to redeem that pledge. Let 
 him, as he stands here in ever-enduring bronze, warn 
 and admonish her that nothing but a perpetual struggle 
 will enable her to maintain her place. The genius of 
 the sculptor has filled those motionless lips with his 
 wonted expression of mingled tenderness and severity, 
 of stern self-renunciation, and inflexible devotion to his 
 undertaken task ; and, if Massachusetts listens, she can- 
 not fail to hear in their silent eloquence the words, 
 " Honor not me, but honor the principles for Avhich you 
 gave me the opportunity to labor ; remember that it is 
 the right and the duty of a State to give each one of her 
 children, of every class, and of either sex, that amount 
 and that kind of education which shall best enable him 
 to serve mankind." Let us listen to his doctrine, for it 
 is true. What St. Paul says of the Church holds also 
 of a nation, We are all one body, and members in par- 
 ticular. Each individual member of the body pohtic 
 serves best his own interests by serving the interests 
 of the whole, and the nation best serves the interest of 
 the whole by guarding carefully the interests and rights 
 of each individual. The least honorable members are 
 oftentimes' most useful, and most worthy of special care. 
 In this newly regenerate nation, therefore, let there be 
 no North, no South, no East, no West, no Celt nor 
 Anglo-Saxon, Teuton nor African, male nor female, 
 bond nor free ; but let American citizenship be all in all, 
 — securing to each man equal attention, equal protec- 
 tion, and equal opportunity to gam that amoimt and that 
 kind of education which will enable him most thor- 
 
21 
 
 oughly to serve the nation. But, should the American 
 people fail of obtaining rapidly this full stature of man- 
 hood, let, at all events, the Commonwealth of Massa- 
 chusetts show an example of united devotion to the 
 highest aims. Let there be no jealousy here between 
 the seaboard and the mountains, between the farmer 
 and the manufacturer ; but let all unite in sustaining the 
 honor and the interests of the State, — well assui-ed that 
 the interests of all sections, and of all classes must, in 
 the long-run, prove identical. Your common schools 
 once stood superior to any on the continent ; but, New 
 York and the North-western States are more thoroughly 
 awakened, more free from the trammels of routine, 
 more generous, in proportion to their means, in outlay, 
 and will soon outstrip you unless you renew your zeal. 
 Your colleges and your University once stood in a proud 
 pre-eminence over those of sister States ; but other States 
 have now for many years been imitating with great suc- 
 cess your previous steps, and will in a few years, unless 
 you hasten to anticipate them, have more richly en- 
 dowed, more thoroughly organized, and more generally 
 comprehensive institutions for the highest education, 
 than you. Let Massachusetts retrieve and increase her 
 ancient honors. Let us never forget, so long as this 
 sacred image recalls the faithful and tireless fii'st Secre- 
 tary of the Board of Education, that it is the right and 
 the duty of the State to provide for each child that 
 amount and that kind of education which will most 
 surely prepare him for as great usefulness to his race as 
 his native talents will permit him to attain. Our com- 
 mon schools are yet susceptible of improvement in their 
 
22 
 
 mode of rendering the great mass of the people intelli- 
 gent and happy co-laborers in the work of society. Our 
 State scholarships, although useful, fall very far short of 
 enabling all our children who desire it to obtain a col- 
 legiate education. The Commonwealth must not fail to 
 put to the utmost use all the talent of all her sons ; and 
 the higher the talent, the more need there is of utilizing 
 it. Those, therefore, who would pursue the highest 
 walks of literature or science or art, or would make 
 themselves masters of philosophy and political econ- 
 omy and jurisprudence and statesmanship, and thus 
 fit themselves for the highest possible service of the 
 State, should be freely added by the Commonwealth 
 of Massachusetts, and not be left dependent on private 
 fortunes, nor forced to seek aid in the universities of 
 foreign lands. 
 
 Let the State determine so to improve all her facilities 
 of education as rather to attract the youth of foreign 
 lands hither. Horace Mann in his youth proclaimed 
 the eternal progress of a true State : let not the erection 
 of his statue mark the time when this State ceased to 
 advance, and rested satisfied with her imperfect attain- 
 ments. Rather let us honor his name by giving our- 
 selves heartily to the high ends of humanity and the 
 broad cause of education, with which he was identified, 
 and in which he won a name more enduring than 
 bronze, and established himself in the affectionate re- 
 membrance of the people jnore firmly than any work of 
 man's hands can be placed upon its foundations. 
 
23 
 
 The children then sang with much spirit the follow- 
 ing hymn : — 
 
 My country, 'tis of thee, 
 Sweet land of liberty, 
 
 Of thee I sing ; 
 Land where my fathers died, 
 Land of the pilgrim's pride. 
 From every mountain side 
 
 Let freedom ring. 
 
 My native country, thee — 
 Land of the noble, free — 
 
 Thy name — I love : 
 I love thy rocks and rills, 
 Thy woods and templed hills ; 
 My heart with rapture thrills 
 
 Like that above. 
 
 Let music swell the breeze. 
 And ring from all the trees 
 t Sweet freedom's song : 
 Let mortal tongues awake ; 
 Let all that breathe partake ; 
 Let rocks their silence break, — 
 The sound prolong. 
 
 Our fathers' God, to thee. 
 Author of liberty. 
 
 To thee we sing : 
 Long may our land be bright 
 With freedom's holy light ! 
 Protect us by thy might, 
 
 Great God, our King ! 
 
 A benediction was then pronounced by the Rev. Dr. 
 Stebbins. 
 
 This closed these simple but earnest and impressive 
 services. 
 
24 
 
 The statue stands a memorial, not only of Horace 
 ^lann, but of the desire of the people of Massachusetts, 
 that the highest public homage, and the highest honors 
 of art, should not be reserved for warriors, statesmen, 
 and philosophers, but bestowed also upon those public 
 benefactors who spend pure lives in doing good to their 
 fellow-men. 
 
 Various criticisms of the statue, as a work of art, have 
 been printed. A few of them have been colored by par- 
 tiality for the artist ; but others have been tinged by 
 bitterness arising out of party or sectarian prejudice 
 against the great man whom she strove to commemo- 
 rate. Both are unworthy the artist and her subject. 
 
 Miss Stebbins, inspired by love of her art, and by 
 admiration of her subject, imdertook one of the most diffi- 
 cult tasks in sculpture, and has achieved a degree of 
 success very creditable to so young an artist, and which 
 gives great promise of her future career. 
 
 No American artist approaches nearer to Crawford, 
 who, as yet, stands head and shoulders above the sculp- 
 tors of the age. 
 
 Miss Stebbins's statue has now been some time before 
 the public eye, and has certainly won popular favor. 
 The likeness has been preserved ; the attitude and 
 general expression are characteristic of the great and 
 good teacher ; and the whole effect upon the spectator 
 is pleasant and grateful. 
 
 The Avork is ornamental to our city, and creditable to 
 American art. 
 
 The following is the most valuable and fair critique 
 which has yet appeared : — 
 
CHITIQUE. 
 
 As we approach the State House, we see, with a certain sur- 
 prise, that it has now two guardians, instead of one. To the 
 grim, dark figure, already familiar to us, a shining colleague 
 has been added. The colors of the two bronzes, of which the 
 one is nearly golden, the other nearly iron in its hue, are not 
 in stronger contrast than the character of the two statues. 
 Whatever shall be said of the qualities and defects of their 
 execution, they may at least be taken as well representing 
 the two men in whose image and memory they stand. 
 
 The figure on the right is well known to us. Long before 
 Death took him, his features had become traditional as one of 
 the gods of the popular idolatry, which gods oftenest prove 
 to be no more than Titans. His great merits and demerits 
 have received full discussion, and' settlement as adequate as 
 the limits of human judgment allow. Time has condensed 
 much that was vaporous in his reputation. Dead and dis- 
 tanced, his praises fill the streets no more. But at some 
 declamation of the Latin or High School, the youthful orators 
 will astonish you with the ponderous ring of his sentences, 
 the terseness and simplicity of his statements. In reciting a 
 fragment of his speeches, these children appear to lift, for 
 a moment, the hammer of Thor. What he is to say does not 
 announce itself. It falls upon you with the shock of sudden 
 thunder. For the forcible use of English words and natural 
 logic, he remains, in his day, without a rival. 
 4 
 
26 
 
 The attitude of this man is one of distant and unsympathetic 
 reserve. He does not look as if he had respected, much less 
 loved, the race for which he was compelled to labor. The 
 disappointment of his life is written on the bronze features 
 of his statue. His great final object was a personal and out- 
 ward one. The symbol of supreme power, not the fact of 
 supreme service, came to be the desired end of his efforts. He 
 did not attain it, and was unhappy. This gloomy model of 
 him will not suggest the easier side of his character, in which 
 a certain grim good-fellowship is said to have had its place. 
 For he had pleasures, like a weaker man. He loved hunting, 
 fishing, farming, tolerable company, and good liquor, or what 
 is called such. Whether he loved men or women is a ques- 
 tion whose answer we will leave in respectful silence. The 
 facts of his intimate personality are not known to us. 
 
 But so much is known to us. In the absolute supremacy 
 of the moral law, as the final point of appeal in all questions, 
 he did not believe. This, his theory and his practice show 
 us. During the later years of his public life, a problem began 
 to shape itself before the people, and to press for settlement. 
 This problem was capable only of a moral solution. Mr. Web- 
 ster tried to give it a social and economic one, and failed. 
 And this want of faith, this inner defeat to which no outward 
 discomfiture could correspond, is the real cause of the shadow 
 on the brow, and of the gloomy return upon self, pictured in 
 the whole attitude of Mr. Powers's work which, so far, has the 
 merit of being true to nature. 
 
 A different personage is he on our left, the new comer in 
 this court of Memory. A radiant serenity diffuses itself over 
 his countenance. One hand is extended with persuasive hos- 
 pitality, the other holds fast a book, — the symbol of mental 
 wealth, and of moral enlightenment. This is one whose ser- 
 vice was its own guerdon, and who asked of men nothing but 
 that he might do them good. Devoted to the peaceable in- 
 terests of education, he did much to prepare the wider range 
 
27 
 
 of study and opportunity now enjoyed by the younger gener- 
 ation. He tilled and fenced in, from the common of the public 
 high road, those green pastures from which the lambs of the 
 Commonwealth make such pleasant music. A good shepherd, 
 and a brave champion also ; for when the time of trial came, 
 he had his weapon ready, and was one of the earliest and 
 stoutest defenders of the pass for which men fought, first in 
 single combat, finally with the whole strength of the nation. 
 
 Let us bid him welcome, with his open brow, his earnest 
 eye, his benevolent lips. A man of simple life and no amuse- 
 ments, he was happy, because his objects were such as cohere 
 with the great order of human progress. All that brought 
 good to his fellow-men brought joy to him. As an instrument 
 of much vital service to the Commonwealth, he rightfully en- 
 joyed the approval of his own conscience, and the gratitude 
 of his fellow-citizens. Ardent in temperament, the logical 
 balance of his mind preserved him from the distortions of 
 fanaticism. And, although formidable in controversy, no per- 
 sonal rancor survived in him the vehemence called forth by 
 the exigencies of debate. 
 
 So much for his auspicious return among us. For, though 
 he left us to carry New-England culture into the wilderness 
 of the West, his affections, as his merits, still belonged to us. 
 We, who were forced to resign him living, receive him back 
 in the ideal presence which is the special gift of Art, the 
 embodiment of his pure life and noble worth. For this boon 
 we have to thank Miss Stebbins, an American woman of ge- 
 nius, whose co-operation in our plans and desires has been 
 most zealous and disinterested. 
 
 For a critical judgment, the work of Miss Stebbins must be 
 compared with those of others of her sex, upon which much 
 praise has been carelessly lavished. The statues of feminine 
 artists hitherto known to us have presented subjects of less 
 difficulty than the one now under consideration, and have 
 been observed under circumstances less trying to their gen- 
 
28 
 
 eral effect. The elevation of the Mann statue above the ordi- 
 nary point of view brings into the strongest relief those parts 
 of the figure which are usually least conspicuous. The ex- 
 cessive brightness, too, of the new bronze is an hindrance to 
 artistic effect, sure to be modified hereafter by time and 
 weather. As a portraiture of Mr. Mann, the head and face are 
 all that his friends could desire. The action of the right arm, 
 and the quiet of the left arm, are both good. The attitude is 
 tender and parental ; and the aspect of the whole, as seen from 
 the front, is expressive, and characteristic of the personage 
 represented. 
 
 The lower portion of the statue is less happy, as seen from 
 its present position, than the upper part. This may be in part 
 the result of the difference between the elevation at which it 
 now appears, and the limits of the studio in which it was mod- 
 elled. 
 
 While Miss Stebbins's work shows less familiarity with the 
 details of execution than the " Zenobia " of Miss Hosmer, it 
 shows, in our opinion, a greater power and originality of con- 
 ception. It has a personality, an individuality, not to be 
 predicated of the royal captive, who appears, moreover, in 
 plastic marble, not in ungrateful bronze, the most difficult 
 material for the subjects of sculpture. 
 
 One word as to the costume of the statue, to which some 
 exceptions have been taken. The cloak in which the figure 
 is partially enveloped is not, as alleged by some, a military 
 cloak, but simply a garment of a fashion much in use twenty- 
 five or thirty years ago, familiar to the recollection of all who 
 remember the dress of that period. Neither is the cloak of 
 Chantrey's statue of Washington, quoted in the same connec- 
 tion, an item of a military costume. Upon this point we are 
 able to speak from direct testimony. Our honored fellow- 
 townsman, Senator Sumner, having at one time the pleasure 
 of personal intercourse with the sculptor Chantrey, learned 
 from him, upon interrogation, that the drapery of the Wash- 
 
29 
 
 ington was modelled from an ample cloak constantly worn by 
 Canova, during his visit to London in 1814, and bequeathed 
 by him to his brother artist, on the eve of his return to the 
 Continent. So the military cloak of Washington turns out to 
 be the peaceful mantle of an Italian artist. And the figure 
 of Mr. Mann is very suitably presented to us under the folds 
 of a garment which a man of his time would have been sure 
 to possess, and might have continued to wear at any period 
 of his life. 
 
 But criticism, even the most friendly, is a poor return for 
 the costly gifts of Art. To Miss Stebbins we owe only thanks 
 and congratulations. We cannot justify, and will not imitate, 
 that high-flown and sensational style of , encomium so much in 
 use, and so little in place, in speaking of recent American 
 works of Art. Better than all compliment is it to say, that 
 Miss Stebbins has attempted one of the greatest difficulties in 
 the domain of Art, and that her efforts have accomplished 
 a creditable success. To make a good portrait statue is 
 allowed by artists to be no easy undertaking. To make a 
 good bronze statue is still less easy. Miss Stebbins has had 
 to encounter those two tasks in one. Those of us who appre- 
 ciate the character and services of the eminent man whose 
 features she has portrayed for us will be sure to include her 
 in their grateful remembrance. 
 
LIBRARY OF 
 
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