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 %U Losciep SBJamisfci'iptsf. 
 
 MANUSCRIPTS, 
 
 OTHER RARE DOCUMENTS, 
 
 ILLUSTRATIVE OF 
 
 SOME OF THE MORE MINUTE PARTICULARS 
 
 FROM THE 
 
 REIGN OF HENRY VIII. TO THAT OF JAMES I. 
 
 PRESERVED IN THE 
 
 MUNIMENT ROOM OF JAMES MORE MOLYNEUX, ESQ. 
 AT LOSELEY HOUSE, IN SURREY. 
 
 " Now come tidings of weddings, maskings, mummeries, entertainments, jubilees, 
 embassies, tilts and tournaments, trophies, triumphs, revels, sports, plays : then 
 again, as in a new-shifted scene, treasons, cheating tricks, robberies, enormous villa- 
 nies in all kinds, funerals, burials, deaths of princes, now comical then tragical 
 matters." Democritus to the Reader, Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy. 
 
 NOW FIRST EDITED, WITH NOTES, 
 
 By ALFRED JOHN KEMPE, Esa. F.S.A. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 JOHN MURRAY, 
 
 ALBEMARLE STREET. 
 1836. 
 
 

 
 J. B. NICHOLS AND SON, 25, PARLIAMENT STK.EET. 
 
JAMES MORE MOLYNEUX, ESQ. 
 
 AS THE REPRESENTATIVE 
 OF THE KNIGHTLY PROPRIETORS OF LOSELEY, 
 
 AND AS FULLY APPRECIATING 
 THE CURIOUS ANCIENT DOCUMENTS THERE PRESERVED, 
 
 THIS VOLUME IS DEDICATED, 
 
 WITH SINCERE AND FRIENDLY RESPECT, 
 
 BY HIS FAITHFUL AND OBEDIENT SERVANT, 
 
 THE AUTHOR. 
 
 New Kent Road, Sept. 8, 1835. 
 
ADVERTISEMENT. 
 
 The following Collection of MSS. has been preserved 
 at the venerable old mansion, Lose ley, near Guildford in 
 Surrey. They will be found of a mixed character, con- 
 nected with passages in history and biography, with the 
 entertainments of the Court, with the internal regulations 
 of the country under the Magistracy, and in some in- 
 stances with the minor relations of domestic life. They 
 cannot be expected, in a general point of view, to com- 
 pete with the valuable historical collections of State 
 Papers and Letters which have been derived from public 
 depositories ; yet it may truly be said that they contain 
 many papers on subjects of interest, to which none pa- 
 rallel are to be found in those collections, and they will 
 afford, as the Editor conceives, a very correct idea of the 
 state of society and political government in the 16th and 
 early part of the 1 7th centuries. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Page. 
 Original Papers relating to the Lady Ann of Cleves . 1 
 
 Notice of Sir Thomas Cawarden of Bletchingley . . 15 
 Original Papers illustrating the Revels and Dramatic En- 
 tertainments of the English Court. Masques, Inter- 
 ludes, &c. Notice of George Ferrers, as Lord of Misrule 19 
 Documents relating to Disguisings, Masks, Interludes, 
 
 Plays, &c . 55 
 
 Jousts or Tiltings ........ 65 
 
 Pageants ......... 67 
 
 Miscellaneous Extracts from various Accounts relating to 
 
 the Office of the Revels 69 
 
 Documents illustrating the diversions of the Court in the 
 
 field 94 
 
 Miscellaneous Entries relative to the Royal Tents, Halls, 
 Pavilions, Toyles, &c. . . , . . . . .1 
 
 Original Documents relating to the Lady Jane Grey's 
 
 succession to the Crown on the demise of Edward VI. .11 
 Original Documents (some under the sign manual of 
 
 Queen Mary) relating to Wyatt's Rebellion . .126 
 
 Particulars of Sir Thomas Cawarden's Armoury, seized at 
 
 the time of Wyatt's insurrection . . „ .133 
 
 Documents relating to the Royal Palace of Nonesuch . 144 
 Curious old Parochial Accounts, from the Papers of Sir 
 Thomas Cawarden ....... 162 
 
 Papers relating to Lotteries in the Reign of Queen Elizabeth 185 
 Examples of the mode of raising money by Privy Seals or 
 Benevolences . . . . . . . . 215 
 
 Policy of Elizabeth in maintaining the principles of the 
 Reformation ; Papers concerning the Ecclesiastical Com- 
 mission, Popish Recusants, Sectaries, &c. . . . 224 
 
 Correspondence relating to the confinement of Henry 
 
V11 l CONTENTS. 
 
 Wriothesley, second Earl of Southampton of that name, 
 
 at Loseley, as a suspected Papist 229 
 
 Account of Copley, of Gatton, a Popish Recusant . . 241 
 Papers relating to pecuniary Compensation made by Visi- 
 tors . . ^ 258 
 
 Royal Visits to Loseley, &c 265 
 
 Purveyance for the Royal Household .... 272 
 
 The Plague . 277 
 
 Some particulars of the Spanish Armada .... 281 
 Notes from various Documents preserved at Loseley, of 
 precautionary measures and preparations of defence 
 
 against the Spanish Invasion 293 
 
 Documents relating to the Office of Master of the Swans 
 for Surrey ......... 305 
 
 Original Letters relating to the clandestine marriage of 
 Mr. John Donne, afterwards Dr. Donne, with Ann More 
 
 of Loseley 321 
 
 Original Letters of Edward Lord Herbert of Cherbury . 347 
 Original Documents relating to Sir Walter Ralegh . . 372 
 Papers concerning the Earl and Countess of Somerset's 
 confinement in the Tower, and trial, as accomplices in 
 Overbury's murder ; Extraordinary Letters of King 
 James, for the purpose of obtaining a free confession 
 from Somerset ........ 379 
 
 Inventories of the Earl of Somerset's Effects . . . 406 
 Imprisonment of Sir Thomas Monson, as concerned in 
 
 Overbury's Murder 412 
 
 Particulars of Sir George Chaworth's (afterwards Vis- 
 count Chaworth's) Embassy to the Infanta Isabella 
 Clara Eugenia, Archduchess of Austria, to condole with 
 her, on the part of his sovereign, James the First, on the 
 death of her husband, the Archduke Albert . . 418 
 
 Chaworth's Diary >k . . 420 
 
 Addenda. Notes of some Papers not inserted at length 488 
 Index . 501 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 The reader of these Papers may imagine himself intro- 
 duced to the Muniment Room of an ancient hall in Surrey, 
 of which the key had been lost, and its existence disre- 
 garded during an interval of two hundred years. He has 
 approached, through a grove of lofty forest trees, the ex- 
 tensive front of the venerable mansion of stone, of which 
 that depository of Family Records is an appendage. 
 He enters the lofty hall round which the portraits of its 
 former owners are arranged, depicted "in their habits as 
 they lived ;" the sun-beams stream through the light shafts 
 of the lofty embayed window, illumining the household 
 coats of the family, emblazoned in the gorgeous tinctures 
 of heraldry on the glass. He indulges perhaps in an an- 
 tiquarian reverie, and beholds in his mind's eye those 
 venerable personages, traversing the spacious floor to wel- 
 come with obsequious formality the Sovereign whose 
 image still remains suspended on the walls, originally 
 placed there as a compliment conspicuous to his own eye, 
 on occasion of a personal visit.* How will our reader find 
 
 ■* In the Hall at Loseley are portraits of James the First 
 and his Queen ; and a very large picture of Sir William More 
 Molyneux (who died in 1760) and his family. There are also 
 in the house original portraits of Edward VI., the Chancellor 
 
X INTRODUCTION. 
 
 this vision of his fancy confirmed, when, gliding as it were 
 unnoticed through the ideal scene, as an insignificant actor 
 in the drama of another age, he enters by our guidance 
 the little chamber before mentioned, now by chance ac- 
 cessible, explores the ponderous oaken coffers which it 
 contains ; paper after paper is taken out, inscribed in va- 
 rious and obsolete hands; the autographs of King, of 
 Peer, of Statesman, or Divine. Some relating to the 
 events of their day, which have survived to " fill up chro- 
 nicles " in after times. Some to beings unnoticed in the 
 roll of historic fame, but which incidentally illustrate the 
 popular feelings and habits of the period. Such a disco- 
 very would stamp the picture sketched by fancy with some- 
 thing of reality ; such a vision may be summoned up at 
 Loseley ; such are its manuscripts. 
 
 We add a few prefatory notes on the demesne of Lose- 
 ley and its possessors. 
 
 The manor of Loseley, which became in the sixteenth 
 century the seat of the Mores, bore its present appella- 
 tion from the Saxon times. Osmund held it of King Ed- 
 ward the Confessor \ the Conqueror gave it to Roger de 
 Montgomery, Earl of Arundel and Shrewsbury, who had 
 distinguished himself as one of the principal leaders of the 
 Norman army at the battle of Hastings. The extent of 
 the demesne at this period seems to have been about four 
 hundred acres. The name is probably that of a Saxon 
 proprietor, Loth or Lot, compounded with the term ley 
 expressing a plain, a pasture, an inclosed tract of ground ; 
 indeed it was often written Lothesly, which so nearly ex- 
 presses its pronunciation at this day, that a stranger 
 
 More, (perhaps a relative, although the arms do not agree 
 with those of More of Loseley,) Ann Boleyn, and of the Mores 
 from Sir William to Sir Poynings. 
 
INTRODUCTION. XI 
 
 could scarcely err in the name ; which he certainly would 
 by giving the first syllable the sound of the neuter verb to 
 lose. 
 
 Loseley is situate about two miles from Guildford, and 
 from the left or west bank of the river Wey. That an- 
 cient town is supposed in the early period to have stood 
 on the west side of the river, and by its castle and outworks 
 to have occupied also the site of the present town on the 
 east. This assertion is pretty well confirmed by the curious 
 ancient vaultings still existing under the Angellnn at Guild- 
 ford, on the west side of the main street, and by the sup- 
 posed site of the ancient town being still marked out as 
 the Bury fields;* and there is great probability that this 
 last-mentioned spot was occupied in the time of the Ro- 
 mans, of whose presence, at least in the neighbourhood, 
 undoubted evidence has been discovered. 
 
 Loseley had, no doubt, from an early period, its manse 
 or capital dwelling house fortified with a moat, according 
 to the custom of the feudal age, some vestiges of which 
 defence still remain. 
 
 The demesne of Loseley passed into the possession of 
 various persons by inheritance or purchase until the reign 
 of Henry VIII. when it was purchased by Christopher 
 More, esq. whose grandfather was Thomas More of Nor- 
 ton, in the county of Derby, gent, with whom the pedigree 
 
 * At Albury, i. e. the old burgh or bury, (by the bye, a simi- 
 lar and frequent appellation for Roman sites,) we traced the 
 foundations of the temple, or rather tomb, mentioned by Au- 
 brey. At Broadstreet Green, on the open common, are ves- 
 tiges of a Roman dwelling, the apartments of which have been 
 paved with tesserse, formed from the ironstone with which the 
 sandy soil of the country is interspersed, neatly squared into 
 dies of various dimensions. 
 
Xll INTRODUCTION. 
 
 of More of Loseley, in the books of the Heralds' College, 
 begins.* 
 
 The Historian of Surrey states that he was Sheriff of 
 Surrey and Sussex in the 24th and 31st of Henry VIII. ; 
 that he was knighted on the first occasion, and in the 37th 
 of the same reign, had the office of Remembrancer in the 
 Exchequer. Sir Christopher died at Loseley, August 16, 
 1549, having had issue by Margaret, the first of two 
 wives,f five sons and seven daughters. 
 
 There is an inscription in the Loseley chapel in the 
 Church of St. Nicholas, Guildford, to his memory, where 
 in all probability he was interred. 
 
 William, the eldest of his children, was born January 
 30, 1519-20, represented the borough of Guildford seve- 
 ral times in Parliament in the reigns of Mary and Eliza- 
 beth, as also the county of Surrey in the latter reign, when 
 he was twice Sheriff for Surrey and Sussex, and was ap- 
 pointed Vice-Admiral of the last-mentioned county; an 
 officer whose duty it was to enforce the rights of the Ad- 
 miralty on the shores of the district to which his jurisdic- 
 tion applied. He was knighted May 14, 1576, by the 
 Earl of Leicester,! in the Earl of Lincoln's garden at 
 
 * Letter from Sir Geo. Nayler to W. Bray, Esq. F.S A. Among 
 the muniments at Loseley, we found a writ under the privy 
 seal of Henry VIII. dated Chelseheth, 24th December, in the 
 24th of his reign, A. D. 1533, granting to Christopher More, 
 designated as one of the Clerks of the Exchequer, licence to 
 impark and surround with hedges, ditches, and pales, 200 acres 
 of land at his manor of Loseley, free warren in the same, &c. 
 Red deer were kept in this park. 
 
 f She was daughter of Walter Mudge, Esq. His second 
 wife was Constance, daughter of Richard Sackvile, of Buck- 
 hurst, relict of William Heneage, Esq. 
 
 J The following original letter shews the credit in which he 
 
INTRODUCTION. Xlll 
 
 Pirford in Surrey, the Queen being present at the cere- 
 mony. 
 
 He began to build the centre of the mansion at Loseley 
 in 1562, somewhat to the north, we conjecture, of an older 
 edifice; of the decorations of which some portions still 
 
 stood with Leicester, and that that nobleman patronized his 
 son and successor. 
 Sr Wyll'm, 
 
 Hearinge lately as I did of yor want of health, but now of 
 yor recovery ageyn, I canott but shewe yo' fro' my selfe howe 
 welcome newes the later were, being p'tly confirmed also by ye 
 retorn of Mr. Wolley, to my better contentac'on ; yet notwith- 
 standing I have thought good to send this berer to se yo' and 
 salute yc u , who was gladd, as dowty binds him, to hear of yo r 
 amendment, as he heard of ye worst of yor seknes. And now 
 I must thank yo' for him, and do think myself more and more 
 behold'g to yo', that hath bestowed such a one as not only was 
 derest to yorselfe, but I assure yo' upo' my troth ys as much to 
 my owne lyking and contentac'on every way as my hart ca' 
 wyshe. And sewrly, S r Wyll'm, God hath shewyd a token of 
 his great favor, geving yo' such a sonne, of whome I have no 
 dowbt you shall have as great comfort as any father can have. 
 And as before I knew him he was very welcome to me for yor 
 sak, as any of yors must be, so now I must confes he ys dere to 
 me for his owne sake ; soe the frute of his good bringing upp 
 doth sufficiently and plainly inough appere in his dayly be- 
 haivor. I trust yo' wyll not kepe him long away, because 
 shortly we begin to be scholefellowes. In the mean time, I 
 hartely recommend you and yo r s to y' p'tectyo' of ye Almighty, 
 in so' (some) hast, this new yere's night late, 
 
 By yo' assured loving frend, 
 
 R. Leycester. 
 
 Myne old frend Wolley hath desiered me to gyve yo' thanks 
 for his frendly and good interteynment he hath ever at yo' 
 house, and made me partly prevey to a matter wherein I have 
 
XIV INTRODUCTION. 
 
 remain in the great hall of the present building.* It was 
 evidently intended to form three sides of a quadrangle, if 
 not a complete square. The centre of the building, which 
 remains to this day, was completed in 1568. Sir George 
 More, his son, added the eastern wing, containing the gal- 
 lery and chapel. This has of late years been demolished. 
 Many of the apartments at? Loseley are of a most inte- 
 resting character. The drawing room has a beautiful 
 chimney-piece of the Corinthian order, adorned with gro- 
 tesque heads of clowns cut out of the chalk of the country, 
 and in a state of admirable preservation. The ceiling of 
 this room is elegantly adorned with Gothic tracery and 
 pendant corbels; a cockatrice is frequently introduced in 
 the ornaments, whether a bearing of the family or its al- 
 liances, we have not been able to ascertain. On the cor- 
 nice is the rebus of the Mores,f a mulberry tree, with 
 
 somewhat shewyd my mynd to yo r sonne therin. [The allusion 
 
 in this postscript to Secretary Wolley, probably refers to his 
 
 matrimonial proposals to Elizabeth, the elder daughter of Sir 
 
 William More.] 
 
 To my loving frend Mr. Wyll'm 
 More, wt speede. 
 
 * Painted on the wainscot, is a monogram composed of the 
 letters H. X. P. for Henry and Katharine Parr. H. R. the 
 fleur de lys, the rose, the portcullis. The motto Dieu et mon 
 droit : all evidently executed in the reign of Henry VIII. 
 
 f Numerous are the quaint and punning allusions, anagrams, 
 &c. preserved among these MSS. addressed by versifiers of 
 the time to the Lords of Loseley. The clergy, who owed 
 their preferment to the family, appear to have been the chief 
 authors of these complimentary effusions, the following spe- 
 cimen of which may suffice : 
 
 To Mr. More. 
 God grant you more of all your harte doth most desyer , 
 Not more we marish call, no better then the myer ; 
 
INTRODUCTION. XV 
 
 the motto, a Moms tarde moriens morum cito moritu- 
 rum," implying, perhaps, that the family stock should like 
 the mulberry tree, be of long endurance, but that its indi- 
 vidual descendants, like the fruit, should by the common 
 lot of mortality be subject to speedy decay. The piety of 
 our ancestors seldom neglected to proclaim this great 
 though too easily forgotten truth, even on the walls of 
 their banquetting chambers and the cups for their wassail, 
 thus enforcing the necessity of hourly preparation. In the 
 oriel or bay window of the great hall are the arms of More, 
 
 Nor more the morian blacke, with heat of sun so roste ; 
 
 Nor more the fruite we lacke, scarce found in any coste ; 
 
 Nor more of worldlie wealth, wherwh God hath yo' blest ; 
 
 Nor yet more strength, more health, all this ye have possest ; 
 
 But more of God his love, his grace, and eke his peace, 
 
 More faith in Christ above, in you he would increase. 
 
 More knowledge of his Worde, more gyftes of his good spryte, 
 
 More armid wth that sworde ye mought with th'enmy fight, 
 
 More godly frutes of faith, of hollie lief more lighte, 
 
 Which is, as Scripture saith, more pleasing in God's sight 
 
 Then sacrifice of beaste, more sweete than all incense. 
 
 More pure then all the rest (thoughe having gay pretence), 
 
 Of theis more do I wish, although you have good store, 
 
 Ffor fewe though yo' do misse, yor name yet calls for more. 
 
 More shall yo' neede to have, while ye in earth remayne 
 
 Therof more must you crave, and more must be yor geyne. 
 
 But when this lief shall end, and you attain more blisse, 
 
 More then ye need not mind, when no good wanting is. 
 
 There no man can wishe more, where more cannot be thought, 
 
 So full is there the store of joye Christ for us bought ; 
 
 Who bringe you to the same where more you shall not neede. 
 
 In meane tyme More yo r name, and more must be yor deede. 
 
 To write more I refraine, enough of this stringe played, 
 
 More then enough is vaine, a lyttle is sone said. 
 
 R. G. 
 
XVI INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Azure, a cross Argent, charged with five martlets Sable, 
 with the date 1568. 
 
 Sir William More died in 1600, and was buried in the 
 family vault at St. Nicholas, Guildford. He was twice 
 married, first to Margaret, daughter of Ralph Daniel, of 
 Swaffham, Norfolk; secondly, to Mabil, daughter of 
 Marchion Dingley, of Wolverton, in the Isle of Wight. 
 He had three children by his first wife, none by his 
 second. The eldest of these was George, who was 
 born 28th November, 1553, and educated at Oxford. An- 
 thony Wood says he was of Exeter College; but 
 the letter subjoined* is from the president of Corpus 
 
 * In most hartie wise I have me recommended to you, 
 right worshipful Syr, I have received yo r letters and yo r sonne 
 bothe together. Yo' sonne before, because I hearde him co'- 
 mended of others, I loved; but now that I have sene him, and 
 tryed him, I cannot but love him muche more than I dyd be- 
 fore. He shal lye nere unto me every night, and shal not be 
 farre from me in the day time, being in one chamber with me. 
 I have already made his studie somewhat more handsome then 
 it was, and within these two daies I trust it wil be finished. I 
 wil take upon me to be his corrector alone, and yo' shal know 
 that I wil be no harde maister to him ; and surely he being so 
 gentle and diligent, as I dout not but he wil be, I can not 
 deale strictly with him but I shal doe him wrong. If you wil 
 have him to doe anie thing on the virginalls, yo' must provide that 
 he have a payre sent him. We have one that can teache him 
 well. As for his singing, and other exercises, thogh others 
 shal sometimes have to doe with him in those things, yet I 
 minde myself to prove him now and then, as farre as my skyl 
 will serve me. I have, accordinge to yor letters, received from 
 you syx poundes in olde angels, deliverede to me by yo r man, 
 for the necessarie uses of yor sonne. I wil see it bestowed up- 
 on him. Our commencement shal be the Monday sevenight 
 
INTRODUCTION. XV11 
 
 Christ^ who appears to have been charged with his edu- 
 cation at the University. In 1604, he received the thanks 
 of the University for a present of books and £40 in mo- 
 ney to purchase others. » He often represented Surrey 
 and its county town in Parliament ; was in great credit 
 with Elizabeth* and James; the former knighted him 
 
 after Saint Peter's Day. I wolde not have you bestowe anie 
 venison to me til I be worthie of it. But I se yo r meaning is to 
 provoke me by this meanes to be the more paineful about yor 
 sonne. I pray God I may be so readie in doing my part to- 
 wards him, as I perceive yo r readie good wil bent to me warde. 
 I ryde abroade oftentimes about the affaires of our colledge, els 
 sholde he be my scholar, and no man's els. But thogh I have 
 appointed him a teacher, yet doe I meane to be half a teacher 
 to him myself. I pray yo', Syr, remembre our humble com'en- 
 dations to good Maistres More and Mr. Knowles, beseeching 
 you and them to helpe us with j^o' prayers unto God, to whose 
 fatherlie tuition I com'ende you all. From Corpus Christi 
 Colledge, in Oxon, June 1578. 
 
 Yours in Christ, 
 
 Will'm Cole. 
 To the right worshipfull his especiall 
 
 good friend Mr. More, give this at 
 
 Loseleigh. 
 
 * The following Letter of the Lord High Admiral shows 
 the estimation in which he stood with Elizabeth : — 
 
 Good Mr. More, I wold have bin righte glad to have era- 
 brased yo r kind offer to accompanie me to the sea, and to par- 
 take w'th me in my fortunes, and soe to have enjoyed youre 
 selfe, but that I see her Ma'ty, knowinge what a justicer you 
 are, and yor father's yeares forbidinge his wonted paines in 
 that cowrse, is determyned not to spare you fro' thence, and in 
 that reguard hath layed her comaundement on me amongste 
 
 c 
 
XV111 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 about the year 1597; under the latter he was Chancellor 
 of the order of the Garter, Lieutenant of the Tower, Re- 
 ceiver-general and Treasurer to Henry Prince of Wales. 
 From the drafts of sundry disregarded memorials extant 
 at Loseley, he appears to have been ill requited for his 
 services to James, who neglected him in his declining 
 years. He is noticed in Nichols's Progresses of that King,* 
 as attending his funeral in his office of Chancellor of the 
 Garter, in a very infirm state. 
 
 Sir George More married Anne, daughter of Sir Adrian 
 Poynings, the brother of Thomas Lord Poynings, and 
 
 widow of Knight, esq. of St. Denys in Hampshire. 
 
 By this lady, who died in childbed*in 1590, he had four 
 
 som' other nobl'me' and gentlme' of like worth, espetially to 
 leave you unto her and her service at home. And seinge her 
 pleasure is such that I must leave you behind me, let me lay 
 som more"then ord'y worne burthe' of her service on you, and 
 pray you owte of yo r love to me to undergoe the same, espe- 
 tially in my absence, w« h is because yo r good father in respecte 
 of his many years, cannot take the paines he hath donn, and 
 that my brothers p'sonall attendance on her Mat's keepeth him 
 fro' those servics nowe and then, that you will as an espetiall 
 assistant joyne wth the foure deputy Leiftenants, and further 
 the dispatch of those services fro' tyme to time in the best sort 
 you ca', wherin you shall sufficiently argue yr well aproved 
 love to me, and noe doubt geave her Mat'y cause to thanke 
 you, and soe I comend me most hartely to you, fro' Debtford 
 the 23 of Marche 1595. 
 
 Ypr lovinge freind, 
 
 C. Howard. 
 
 To my lovinge freinde, Mr Ceorge More, 
 esquyer, geave theise. 
 
 * Progresses of King James the First, vol. III. p. 1043. 
 
INTRODUCTION. XIX 
 
 sons and five daughters. The eldest of these, Robert, 
 born in 1581. was knighted by James I. ; married Frances, 
 daughter of Samson Lennard, esq. by the Lady Margaret 
 Fiennes, Baroness Dacre of the South. He died in 1625- 
 6, seven years before Sir George his father, to whose 
 estates Poynings * Sir Robert's eldest son succeeded in 
 1632. 
 
 This gentleman, in the same year, obtained a license 
 from the Crown to travel for three years, the form of 
 which will be found below.f He served in the Parliaments 
 
 * The following is an original letter from this Sir Robert 
 More to his son Poynings, then at Trinity College, Oxford : — 
 
 So you runne not with companie to that which is ill, wherof 
 I must ever forewarne you, I shal never dislike that, with other 
 gentlemen that are in the colledge, you should learne anie 
 good qualities, and therefore I can be well content that with 
 the 20s. w'ch was given for plate you enter your selfe at the 
 dauncing schoole. I would be glad likewise that you did learne 
 to ciphere and cast account readily, being a matter usefull for 
 you, and of no great difficultie, for which, as for other good 
 learning, recommending you to the care of your tutour, to 
 whome I would be remembred by you, I committe you to the 
 protection of the Allmightie, and rest 
 
 Your loving father, 
 
 Robert More. 
 Peckham, 12 of August, 1622. 
 
 f Whereas Poynings More of Loseley in the countie of Sur- 
 rey, esq. is desirous to travell into fForraine partes, and there to 
 remaine for the space of three yeares next after the date here- 
 of, for the gayning of language, and bettering of his experience, 
 whereby he may be the more enabled to do his Ma'tie and 
 countrie service, and for that purpose hath humbly desired 
 
XX INTRODUCTION. 
 
 of Charles I. for the borough of Haslemere. He was 
 by that King created a Baronet. He appears to have sided 
 with the Parliament, and was by Algernon Earl of North- 
 umberland (who had been deputed to the custody of the 
 King's person) appointed a deputy Lieutenant of the county 
 of Surrey. 
 
 His eldest son, William, succeeded him, who dying 
 without issue, the estate reverted to the Rev. Nicholas 
 More, rector of Fetcham, a younger brother of Sir 
 Poynings.* He enjoyed the inheritance but five months, 
 
 or licence and passe port w'ch wee doe hereby graunt unto 
 him, theise are therefore to will and require you and every 
 of you whome it may concerne, to suffer the said Poynings 
 More peacebly and quietly to pass by you, and to embarque 
 himself with one servant at anie of his Mats ports that shall 
 seeme best for his transportation, takeing with him his truncks 
 of apparell and other necessaries (not p'hibited), provided that 
 he repaire not to the cittie of Rome, without licence first ob- 
 tained from his Ma'tie. Dated at Hampton Court, the last of 
 September, 1632. Thos. Coventrye, W. Manchest', T. Dor- 
 set, J. Falkland, Sterline, Fran. Winbank, T. Edmondes. 
 To all Mayors, Sheriffs, Justices of Peace, Customers, 
 Comptrollrs, Constables, Searchers, Officers of the 
 ports, and all other his Mats officers and loveing sub- 
 jects, whome it may concerne, and to every of them, 
 
 W. Trumbull. 
 
 * We annex two original documents of Mr. Nicholas More 
 addressed to his elder brother Poynings, one a copy of verses 
 on the death of an infant son, in the style of the age, but not 
 altogether destitute of point; the other, a letter from the Uni- 
 versity of Cambridge, which shows the condition of that ve- 
 nerable seat of religion and learning when false politics and 
 false religion gained the upper hand by the deposition and 
 murder of the unfortunate Charles. 
 
INTRODUCTION. XXI 
 
 and his son Robert dying without issue in 1689, the estate 
 devolved to Margaret, the survivor of his two sisters. She 
 
 On your Sonne Henry More. 
 
 Rest nothing as thou wert, to be like thee, 
 
 From nothing all to nothing turn'd must bee ; 
 
 First none, then one thou wert, when one, one More, 
 
 When More, one lesse, when lesse none as beefore. 
 
 Thus by thy few spar'd minutes all may cast, 
 
 What their lives come to each summ'd up at last; 
 
 Nature scarce gave thee leave to breathe, but cry 
 
 (Thy mother's teares still issueing a reply) ; 
 
 But all in vaine, hers flowing to bemoane 
 
 Thy losse, when trune were ofT'rings to bee gonne ; 
 
 Thus was thy life to tell, a foure dayes story, 
 
 Thy golden age, thy passage unto glory. 
 
 S r , — I am now constrained to acquaint you with my sud- 
 den and unexpected sorrows. Wee are this day necessitated to 
 leave y e Colledge, only leving Mr. Provost and about six of 
 our senior Fellows remaining onlay for a while to uphold ye 
 face of a Colledge ; in this my extremety, frends beesids your 
 selfe I have none to fley to ; monies I have none, neither any 
 necessaries for my journey. If you please to send me any 
 small somm to help mee to you by this bearer Henry Clinton, 
 I shall bee ever thankefull to you, otherwise I must bee forst to 
 beg. Thus with my praiers to God Allmighty for you and 
 yours, I rest your poore loving brother, 
 
 Nig. More. 
 Cambridge, ye 6th January, 1644. 
 
 I pray let mee hear from you by this carrier, which returns 
 on Wenesday. 
 
 To ye right Worshipful my very loving brother Sr 
 Poynings More, at Mr. Price his house in 
 ye Strand, neere Essex Hous, at ye signe 
 of ye Blake Boy, these present. 
 
XX11 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 married Sir Thomas Molyneux, Knight, the ancestor of 
 the present possessor of Loseley. 
 
 A pedigree preserved at Loseley, attested in 1597, un- 
 der the signature of William Dethicke, Garter King at 
 Arms/* designates the family of Molyneux as " a race of 
 great antiquity, originally and lineally descended from 
 William de Molyneux, by birth and country a Norman, 
 withal a great and renowned soldier, and one near and of 
 great privitie with William Duke of Normandy, with 
 whom he came into England, from which root and stem 
 came the ancient house of Sefton in the county palatine 
 of Lancaster." 
 
 Distinguished members of this house were Sir William 
 Molyneux, who was created a knight banneret on the field 
 of Navarete in the campaign of Edward the Black Prince, 
 in Spain, A. D. 1367, died in 1372, and was buried in 
 Canterbury Cathedral. Sir Thomas Molyneux, his son, 
 Constable of Chester Castle, who was killed at Radcote 
 Bridge in Oxfordshire, in attempting to escort Robert de 
 Vere, Duke of Ireland, the favourite of Richard II. to the 
 presence of that King. Richard Molyneux, son and heir 
 of the above, was 26 years of age in the 1st of Henry VI. 
 by whom he was constituted Seneschal, Constable, and 
 Chief Forester of all the honour of Lancaster. He was 
 slain leading the Cheshire men at the battle of Blore heath 
 on the 26th September, 1460, fighting on the Lancas- 
 trian side. His grandson Sir William Molyneux, at the 
 celebrated field of Flodden, defeated the Earl of Huntley 
 and his bands, who led the van of the Scottish army, and 
 
 * Compiled by him u at the special request and wish of Mrs. 
 Margaret Lovelace, daughter of John Molyneux, late of Thorp 
 nigh Newark." 
 
INTRODUCTION. XX111 
 
 captured a standard, on which were depicted a hart, an 
 eagle, a greyhound, ships, and other badges.* The Earl 
 of Surrey knighted him on the field, and gave him for 
 crest a tiger passant Proper, on a crown Or. The King 
 sent him letters of thanks for his valiant deportment, 
 which were religiously preserved by his descendants. 
 
 James More Molyneux, esq. is now the representative of 
 the branch of the family which became, by intermarriage 
 with the female inheritrix of More, the possessors of 
 Loseley. To him our sincere and grateful acknowledg- 
 ments are due for every possible facility of access to the 
 documents which have afforded matter for the subsequent 
 pages. 
 
 Mr. Molyneux has on all occasions evinced a most zea- 
 lous and laudable desire to preserve every thing remark- 
 able connected with the history and respectable station of 
 his ancestors in Surrey. The late William Bray, esq. 
 F.S.A. of Shere in the same county, by his permission, 
 some few years since, collected several of the MSS. and 
 bound them in nine folio volumes.f These with others 
 remaining in the chests of the muniment room, we have 
 
 * This banner is emblazoned on the roll of pedigree before 
 referred to, preserved at Loseley. 
 
 f We cannot in our antiquarian capacit}' close this Introduc- 
 tion without a tribute of respect to the daughter of Sir Wil- 
 liam More Molyneux, Ann Cornwallis Molyneux, who became 
 the wife of General Sir Charles Rainsford. This lady died in 
 1798. She evidently had carefully examined many of the 
 manuscripts at Loseley, and added in some instances notes re- 
 lating to the possessors, in her own hand. How many interest- 
 ing historical traits would be preserved, if in each ancient fa- 
 mily an individual had occasionally been found to exercise a 
 similar industry ! 
 
XXIV INTRODUCTION. 
 
 now first deciphered, transcribed, and edited,* with some 
 labour and perseverance; hoping for the approbation of 
 those who think it desirable that original and contempo- 
 rary records, existing in our ancient family halls, should 
 be rescued from those accidents of time which are daily 
 consigning them to oblivion. 
 
 * From this observation must be excepted the four confiden- 
 tial letters of King James to Sir George More, which were 
 communicated to the Archseologia of the Society of Antiqua- 
 ries by the late William Bray, Esq. but without note or com- 
 ment. Two or three other papers were also addressed by the 
 same gentleman to that publication, the subject of each of 
 which was derived from these manuscripts ; and in Ellis's col- 
 lection of " Original Letters illustrative of English History," 
 two short documents are inserted from the same source. The 
 Editor could not, however, consent to reject the above papers 
 from a collection to which they so peculiarly belong, merely 
 because, in a desultory way, they might be found printed else- 
 where. 
 
 The accompanying sheet contains Fac-similes of Autographs 
 selected from the Manuscripts at Loseley, and arranged in the 
 order enumerated: — 1. Henry VIII.; 2. Edward VI. ; 3. The 
 Lady Jane Grey, as Queen; 4. Queen Mary j 5. Elizabeth, 
 when Princess; 6. James the First; 7. Ann of Cleves; 8. Sir 
 Thomas Cawarden ; 9. George Ferrers ; 10. Lord Herbert of 
 Cherbury ■ 11. Sir George More ; 12. Sir George Chaworth. 
 

 Uv~ 
 
 q\aA/ cwirnM" Jovm& v 
 
 wj /vwamJL- 
 
 u^Hvuiffl , M u4fy+- fkfui/tj 
 
 VvJh 
 
 
THE 
 
 LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS 
 
 Original Papers relating to the Lady Ann of Cleves. 
 
 Henry the Eighth's marriage with the Lady Ann of 
 Cleves was a measure altogether political, adopted by the ad- 
 vice of Thomas Lord Cromwell.* The Emperor Charles V. 
 retained a grudge against the King for having disinherited 
 the Princess Mary by the divorce of her mother Catharine. 
 The Emperor proposed a match to Henry with the Duchess 
 of Milan, with the view of obliging him to sue to the Pope 
 for a licence ; f but the King was aware of the design, and 
 the more readily therefore consented to form an alliance 
 with the Lady Ann, daughter of John Duke of Cleves, 
 whose territory bordered on the Emperor's dominions in 
 the Low Countries, and who w r as father-in-law to the Duke 
 of Saxony. John Duke of Cleves dying, the negotiation 
 was continued by Duke William, his son, on the part of 
 his sister, who at the same time demanded the Princess 
 Mary, the King's daughter, for himself. This last pro- 
 posal was neutralized by the intrigues of the Emperor, who 
 held out temptations more strongly connected with Duke 
 
 * Lord Herbert's Life and Raigne of Hen. VIII. p. 452. 
 f Hall's Chron. reprint, p. 826. 
 
 B 
 
2 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 William's interests in another quarter. A difficulty ex- 
 isted in the accomplishment of the King's alliance with the 
 Lady Ann, for she had been demanded in marriage previ- 
 ously by the Duke of Lorraine, for his son, and her late 
 father had given his consent to the match. Nor was this 
 the sole objection : Ann understood no language but 
 Dutch, which, however, according to the testimony of Dr. 
 Nicholas Wotton, who was charged with the preliminary 
 measures, she could write and read, and was moreover an 
 accomplished needlewoman. Her portrait, with her younger 
 sister's, by the masterly pencil of Holbein, the King's 
 painter, were forwarded to the King, and the picture 
 pleased him so much better than the original afterwards 
 had the good fortune to do, that the King finally resolved 
 on the nuptials, and the lady, with a splendid train, set out 
 for England. 
 
 On the 11th of December, 1539, the Lord Lisle, deputy 
 of the town of Calais, met the Lady Ann of Cleves near 
 Gravelines, and conducted her towards the fortress under a 
 guard of honour. About a mile distant from the place, she 
 was received by the Earl of Southampton, Great Admiral 
 of England, who was apparelled in a coat of velvet, cut on 
 cloth of gold, and fastened with large trefoil clasps of gold 
 to the number of four hundred. In the fashion of a belt he 
 also wore a golden chain, from which was suspended a 
 whistle of gold set with precious stones.* 
 
 In this company were thirty gentlemen of the King's 
 household, apparelled with great and massy chains of gold. 
 Sir Francis Bryan's and Sir Thomas Seymour's were of 
 
 * This instrument, then it appears used by sea-officers of 
 the highest rank, for the purpose of communicating orders to 
 their crews, has not to the present day become obsolete in the 
 British navy, although worn only by those of the humble grade 
 of boatswain. In the old ballad describing the defeat of the 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 3 
 
 great value and singularly beautiful workmanship. Gold 
 chains were in those days the marks of quality and dis- 
 tinction, and the nobility and gentry vied with each other 
 in the splendour and costliness of these decorations. At- 
 tended by a gallant convoy of fifty sail of ships, adorned 
 with banners, pensils, and flags, she embarked from Calais, 
 and landed at Deal about five o'clock on the afternoon of 
 St. John's Day. Sir Thomas Cheiny, Lord Warden of 
 the Cinque Ports, received her in "a castle newly built," 
 most probably Walmer. They afterwards set out for 
 Dover, attended by the Duke and Duchess of Suffolk, the 
 Bishop of Chichester, and numerous knights and esquires 
 of the county of Kent. Similar honours attended her on 
 the road, until she arrived, on the 1st of January, 1540, at 
 the Bishop's palace at Rochester. There the King, with 
 eight gentlemen of his privy chamber, in " marble coats,' 
 (coats perhaps of a plain stone colour,) came incognito to 
 Rochester, and suddenly introduced himself to her presence. 
 He is described as somewhat astonished at the sight of the 
 lady, her person so little corresponding with the ideas he 
 had derived of it from Holbein's portrait.* She received 
 
 famous pirate Andrew Barton, by Lord Howard, we have the 
 following passage : 
 
 " Fight on, my men, Sir Andrew saves, 
 And never flinch before the foe, 
 And stand fast by St. Andrewe's crosse, 
 Until you hear my whistle blowe." 
 
 Reliques of Ancient English Poetry. 
 * Stow says he complained to many about him of his disap- 
 pointment. He said to the Lord Admiral, " How like you 
 this woman ? Do you think her so personable, fair, and beauti- 
 ful as report hath beene made unto me of her ? I pray you tell 
 me true." The Admiral rejoined, " I take her not for faire, 
 but to be of a brown complexion." " Alas!" said the King, 
 
4 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 him on her knees; and he had, at least on this occasion, 
 the gallantry, humanity, or policy, to conceal his disap- 
 pointment and aversion. " He gently raised her," says 
 the venerable Chronicler, " kyssed her, and all that after- 
 noon communed and devised with her, that night supped 
 with her, and the next day he departed to Greenwich, and 
 she came to Dartford." 
 
 On the morrow, the 3d of January, she was received on 
 Blackheath, near the foot of Shooter's-hill, with the most 
 pompous array of noblemen, knights, gentlemen, and citi- 
 zens. The three last orders, to the number of eighteen 
 hundred, were apparelled " in velvet cotes and chayns of 
 gold." * The attire of the King himself is thus described : 
 
 The King's highness followed, mounted on a goodly 
 courser, trapped in rich cloth of gold, divided into a pat- 
 tern of square lattice- work, .embroidered with "gold of 
 damask," the embroidery studded with pearls, the buckles 
 and pendent ornaments of fine gold. He wore a frock 
 coat of purple velvet, embroidered with " flat gold of 
 damask," and that crossed again by rich gold lace. A 
 "rich gard," or upper garment, was worn above this, the 
 sleeves and breast of which were slashed with cloth of gold, 
 and each aperture fastened at the extremities by a diamond 
 or ruby button set round with orient pearl. His bonnet 
 was decorated with " unvalued gems," and he wore a col- 
 lar," baldrick wise, of such " balystes and perle, as few 
 men ever saw the fyke." 
 
 " whom shall men trust? I promise you I see no such thing 
 in her as hath bin shewed me of her, either by pictures or re- 
 port, and am ashamed that men have praised her as they have 
 done, and I love her not." — Stows Annales, by Hotves, p. 578. 
 
 * The gentlemen of the King's privy chamber were appa- 
 relled, some in coats of velvet embroidered, others in coats of 
 velvet guarded, with chains of gold. — Vide Hall, p. 834. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 5 
 
 So much for the King. Her Grace the Lady Ann, 
 apprized of the approach of her intended lord, issued out 
 of the tent on the heath which had been prepared for her, 
 in a rich gown of raised cloth of gold, a caul on her head, 
 and over that a cap or bonnet set full of orient pearl. Thus 
 attired, she mounted a noble and richly trapped steed at 
 the door of her tent, whose housings were adorned with 
 her patrimonial arms, the sable lion, and being placed by 
 the King on his right hand, she proceeded to the palace at 
 Greenwich. On the morning of twelfth day, about eight of 
 the clock, the bride was brought forth from her chamber by 
 the lords, attired in cloth of gold embroidered with flowers 
 in pearl, on her head a coronet of gold and precious stones, 
 set full of branches of rosemary.* Her long yellow hair, 
 no longer confined by a caul, hung over her shoulders. 
 There, in the long gallery of the palace, she was married 
 to the King by Cranmer, archbishop of Canterbury, two 
 noblemen of Cleves, commissioned for the purpose, giving 
 her away.f Her wedding-ring bore a motto which was 
 not perhaps without some implied monitory allusion to the 
 conduct and fate of one of the King's three preceding 
 
 * At the rustic wedding-procession before Queen Elizabeth 
 at Kenilworth, " each wight had a branch of green broom tied 
 on his left arm (for that side lies near the heart), because rose- 
 mary was scant there." — (Laneham's Letter.) Rosemary was 
 also borne at funerals. Ophelia says, 
 
 " There's rosemary, that's for remembrance." 
 
 Hamlet, act V. scene 4. 
 
 It was therefore used as a herb of souvenance for the party 
 either in her virgin or her -mortal state. 
 
 j- The King, it is said, deferred his marriage two days, from 
 Sunday to Tuesday, in the hope of finding some fair pretext to 
 decline it altogether, and at length, with "hearty grief and 
 great unwillingness," on his part, it was solemnized." — Stoiv's 
 Annates, by Howes, p. 578. 
 
6 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 wives, the unfortunate Ann Boleyn, " God send me wel 
 to kepe ! " The fall of Cromwell soon followed this 
 ill- devised match, in which he was accounted a principal 
 instrument, and the King no longer delayed to institute 
 proceedings to procure his divorce from the unfortunate 
 lady, whom, according to his own statement, he had only 
 received nominally as his wife. 
 
 The particulars of this matter cannot with propriety in 
 these days be dilated on, but they may be found somewhat 
 amply detailed in the folio edition of Stow's Annals. # 
 
 The disgust of the King being evinced by the most de- 
 termined neglect, in which his religious scruples were 
 made, as in the case of Catharine, the ostensible motive for 
 separation, it was not difficult to prevail on her to submit 
 the case of previous contract to the judgment of the Arches' 
 Court, by which the marriage was pronounced illegal. An 
 Act of Parliament passed, declaring the whole proceeding 
 null and void, and the compensation awarded for the lady 
 was the rank of sister to the King. The demesne of Rich- 
 mond, the castle of Bletchingley, in Surrey, f and other 
 lands, were assigned to support her rank in the realm. 
 
 * Page 578. 
 
 -j- There is a petition extant, preferred in the time of Ed- 
 ward VI. by the Duke of Cleves, ambassador on the part of the 
 Lady Ann of Cleves,, that the manor of Brocksforth, adjoining 
 Westropp, should be granted to the Lady Ann of Cleves ; that 
 the house at Westropp, of which the usufruct was granted to 
 her, should be repaired, as customary in such cases, at the ex- 
 pense of the Crown 5 that she should have all demesnes and 
 parks attached to the house, as she had at Penshurst. The 
 rent of Westropp was not more than 201. per annum, that of 
 Bletchingly was declared by the King's auditors 44/. per an- 
 num. She prays the King to take Bletchingley into his own 
 hands, and allow her the difference. At Bletchingley there was 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 7 
 
 Her brother did not much relish the affront, but this pro- 
 vision acted as a palliative. She accompanied the Princess 
 Elizabeth through London, on the occasion of Queen 
 Mary's coronation, and died shortly after at Chelsea, 15 
 July, 1557, and on the 3d of August was buried at West- 
 minster. The papers which relate to this lady in the Lose- 
 ley MSS. are the following, to one of which her autograph 
 is annexed. Deprived of her matrimonial dignities, there 
 is something very expressive in the style by which she 
 asserts her patrimonial and inalienable nobility, subscribing 
 herself, as in the facsimile annexed, " Anna, the daughter 
 of Cleves." # 
 
 (10 
 
 Letters under the signet of Henry VIII. addressed to Christo- 
 pher More, Esquire, of Loseley, desiring him to repair to 
 London on the 10th of December 1539, right honestly appa- 
 relled in a cote of velvet and a gold chain about his neck, 
 attended by six servants, in order to set forward with other 
 personages similarly appointed, to meet the Lady Ann of 
 Cleves, with whom the King had contracted marriage, on 
 her way from Calais to the Court. 
 
 The royal signature, prefixed to this paper, has been marked 
 
 plenty of wood, and at Westropp there is none. {Vide " the 
 Duke of Cleves' (Embassador's) Request for Lady Ann of 
 Cleves." Bibl. Lansdowne, No. 2.) 
 
 * In this signature, it may be observed that the ornamental 
 knots which are introduced in forming the capital were com- 
 mon in the inscriptions of the time. An example will be found 
 in a plate illustrating a communication by the Editor to the 
 Gentleman's Magazine for 1827, p. 497. 
 
8 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 by means of a stamp. It will be seen by reference to Ry- 
 mer's Fcedera, that in 1544 the King authorized certain 
 Commissioners to sign for him, with an engraved seal, such 
 orders for money on the Treasurer as must of necessity be 
 superscribed by him. 
 
 Edward VI. also occasionally used a stamp. When there was 
 no formal Commission to authorize other persons to use it for 
 the King, we must supposed that he impressed it with his 
 
 , own hand. 
 
 By the King. 
 Henry R. 
 
 Trusty and wel-beloved we grete yo' well, 
 
 leting yo' wit that where', upon the special zeal 
 
 and affecon which we have to the commnwelth of 
 
 this o r Roilme, and the furniture of the same, w th 
 
 some more store, if it shall so please God of o r 
 
 lawfull posteritie, we did lately, at the sute and 
 
 contemplacon of some of o' nobles and counsaill, 
 
 resolve eftsones to mary, and have therupon by 
 
 God's grace concluded a manage betwene us and 
 
 the most excellent Princesse the Lady Anne of 
 
 Cleves, Julyers, etc a , fforasmuche as we suppose 
 
 y* the same Dame Anne shall shortely arrive at o r 
 
 towne of Calais, to be transported into this o r 
 
 Roialme for the consumacon of the said mariage. 
 
 Considering y* it shal be requisite & necessary, 
 
 both for o' hono r and th'ono' of o r said Roialme, 
 
 that she shalbe honorably received and mett in 
 
 sundry places at her said arrival!. We have named 
 
 and appointed yo' to be one of those psonages 
 
 whome we have thought meet in this affair t'attend 
 
 upon us, or to accompany suche other as shall 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 meet hir before she shall come to o'r presence, 
 wherefore we shall desyre and pray yo' to put 
 yo'selfe in suche order as yo' may be at o r Citie 
 of London the xth day of Decemb r , ther to know 
 o' ferther pleasure concerning the place of yo r 
 attendance, bringing with yo' honestly furnished 
 six servauntes, wherin yo' shall do unto us accept- 
 able service, for respect wherof we doubte not but 
 for your own pson yo' wilbe right honestly ap- 
 parrelled, as other gentlemen appointed thus to 
 attend, wc h shall ryde in cotes of black velvet 
 with cheines of gold about their neckes, and shall 
 have gownes of velvet, or some other good silk 
 for their chainge accordingly. Given und' o* 
 signet at Westm r the xxiii. of Novemb'. 
 (Indorsed) 
 
 To o' trust and welbeloved Christopher 
 More, Esquier. 
 
 (2.) 
 
 An acquittance from the Lady Ann of Cleves to Sir Thomas 
 Cawarden, Knight, for rents of Bletchingley and her lands 
 there, 30 Dec. 1553. Signed by her own hand. This paper 
 gives the form of an ancient receipt. It appears to have 
 been very customary for subscribers to such instruments to 
 attach a designation of their quality to the signature ; thus, 
 Slender says of his cousin Justice Shallow, that he " writes 
 himself Armigero ; in any bill, warrant, quittance, or obliga- 
 tion, Armigero." — Merry Wives of Windsor, act I. scene 1. 
 
10 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 Ultimo die Descembris ano regnor Philipi et 
 Marie dei gra Regis et Regiil Aglie ffraunc,* 
 &c. scdo et t'cio. 
 
 Recevyd of S r Thomas Cawerden, Knyght, the 
 daye and year above wryttn, nor oon quarter of a 
 year's rent dew unto us by the same S r Thomas 
 Cawerden at thys fleast of Crystmas, accordyng 
 to an indentur' beryng date the second daye of 
 October, in the yeare aforesayed, the sm of viij 11 
 xiij s ix d ob. in full contentacon, sattysfacsyon, and 
 payement of ow r rentts for Blechyngle, & o' landds 
 thear, and in clear dyscharge of the same rentts 
 to thys psent daye before datyd. We have to 
 theas lettres, beyng o' acquyettance, subscrybyd 
 ow r name ffor hys discharge. 
 
 Anna the dowghter of Cleves. 
 
 (3.) 
 
 Some particulars of the household expenses of the Lady Ann of 
 Cleves, being a claim preferred by Sir Thomas Cawarden for 
 sundry charges incurred on her Grace's account in 1556, 
 when she was about to occupy a house in the Blackfriars, 
 London, as her residence. This house appears to have be- 
 longed to Sir Thomas Cawarden, concerning whom see a 
 subsequent notice. 
 
 Mens. Januar. et ffeb. anno regnor' Philippi Regis 
 Regine Mariae iu t0 . et mi t0 . 1556. 
 Money demand owinge to Sir Thomas Cawarden, 
 
 * The double small f is used in old writings to express the 
 capital. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 11 
 
 Knight, as well for sondry provisions as divers other fresh 
 acats # and . . . . , provided and bowght at the request of 
 the Lady of Cleves' Grace, to be laide into the Black frers 
 before her Grace's cominge thither; and the remaynent 
 taken by Michael D . . . . ly, Clerk of her Grace's kechin, 
 the vi of Januarie, as may appear in the records of hous- 
 hold and credit made at the Black Frers in the monethes 
 above said. 
 
 In to the Buttry. f 
 Beare, two tonne hoggesheads a xlviii s the tonne, vi 11 . £ 
 
 The Seller. 
 Gascoyne wyne, iii hoggesheds at iii 1 the tonne, ix 11 . 
 Malmesey, tenne gallons at xx d the gallon, xvi s viii d . 
 Muscadell,§ eleven gallons at ii s ii d the gallon, xxiii s xd. 
 Sacke,|| tenne gallons at xvi d the gallon, xiii s iiii d . 
 Cariage off hoggesheads of wine from the country to the 
 Black Friers, and for porterage, iii s . 
 
 Sm xi 1 * xvi s x d . 
 
 * Acats, from the French achat, purchase, bargain. An 
 office in the royal household was called " the Acatry." 
 
 f The context seems to afford a plausible etymology for the 
 word buttery, or more properly, perhaps, according to the 
 orthography above, buttry, so called from the butts or tuns of 
 beer deposited therein. 
 
 % The gross sums do not appear in this account accurately 
 to tally with the charge for the items. 
 
 § At the customary drinking at the Church after the mar- 
 riage ceremony had been performed, Petruchio 
 
 " Quaff 'd off the muscadel, 
 
 And threw the sops all in the sexton's face." 
 
 Taming of the Shrew, act III. scene 2. 
 
 || Sack was taken with sugar,— Ci Sipt I no more sack and 
 sugar than I do malmsey, I should not blush so much a-days as 
 I do." — (Laneham's Letter.) 
 
12 THE L0SELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 The Spicry. 
 Ginger iii lb , iii s ; of sinomond iii oz , xv d ; ginger ii°z, vi d ; 
 cloves and mace vi oz , xvi d ; pepper one lb. ii s iiii d ; rai- 
 sons ii lb , iiii d ; prunes ii lb , iii d . 
 
 In all ix s . 
 
 Kechin. 
 Acates. Multons,* iii at vii s the pece; xx capons iii. doz. 
 do. at xvi d the pece, lvi s ; and conyes ii doz. at iii s the 
 doz. vi s , iiii 1 * iii s . 
 
 Saltery and Pastry. 
 Wheate flower, ii bushels at vi s viii d the bushell, xiii s iiij d . 
 
 Scullery. Wood-yarde. 
 
 Earthen potts, xvi doz. at iii s doz. xxxvi s ; cooles, xxx 
 lodes at xvi s the loode, xxiiii 1 * viii s — xxvi 1 * iiii s . 
 
 Tall wood, xxv loods at iiii s viii d the loode, v 1 xvi s viii d . 
 
 Tall wood, xii loods, at iii 8 iiii d . 
 
 Billets, eleven thowsande at ix s iv d the M. v 1 ii s viii d . 
 
 Faggotts, one M. ii s vi d . 
 
 Russhes,t xxx doz. at xx d the doz. 
 
 P. Porterage off xxxvii loods tall wood, at xi d , and viii 
 loods billets iiii s , and xxx doz. russhes xx d from the 
 water side to the Black Friers — in all v s viii d . 
 
 Chandry. J 
 
 * Multo, mutto, a sheep. Kennett's Glossary. 
 
 f "Is the house trimmed, rushes strewed? '■' 
 
 Taming of the Shrew, act IV. scene 1. 
 
 J In Cavendish's Life of Wolsey, we have the following 
 enumeration of various departments of the Cardinal's house- 
 hold : the buttery, the pantry, the ewery, the larder, the 
 scalding-house, the scullery, the cellar, the chaundery, the 
 wafery, the wardrobe of beds, the laundry, the bakehouse, the 
 wood-yard, the garner, the garden. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 13 
 
 Wax wrought, xxxvli in sizes, preckets, and quart*, at xii d 
 
 le lb.* 
 Staffe torches, xxxii at xiiii d the peece, lxxiii s ix d . 
 Whyght lights, xviii doz. at iii s le doz. liiii s . — vi 1 * vii s ix d . 
 
 All which premisses were provided for by the seide Sir 
 Thomas Cawerden, at her Grace's request before her offi- 
 cers at her howse at Dartforth,f for that her Grace at that 
 tyme lacked money for the furniture of the same unto y e 
 said Sir Thom s , and promisid payment agayne of the same 
 unto the seid S r Thom s , wherof he demaundeth allowance 
 according to her Grace's seid promise. 
 
 Over and besydes, divers sondry fayer potts of pewter, 
 by the seide S r Thorn 8 then bowght, provided, and paid 
 for, to serve in the buttery for howshold; wherof he asketh 
 no allowance for that, althowgh the most parte were 
 spoyled, broken, and loste, the rest remayne in his howse 
 
 * Sises, prickets, and quarriars were different kinds of wax 
 tapers. The sises and quarriars were so called, perhaps, from 
 the proportion they bore to the division of the pound weight. 
 The pricket was probably a large taper, set up in the ancient 
 fashion on a candlestick terminating in a point. 
 
 f Edward III. founded a nunnery at Dartford in Kent A. D. 
 1355, and committed its government to the order of Friars 
 Preachers. Henry VIII. fitted up the buildings after the dis- 
 solution as a palace for himself and his successors. Edward VI. 
 granted it, with the manor of Dartford called Wash Meade, to 
 Ann of Cleves, in exchange for lands in Surrey ; she died 
 seised of them in the 4th of Mary, when they reverted to the 
 Crown. Queen Elizabeth resided there two days in the 16th 
 year of her reign. James I. granted it, with the manor of 
 Dartford, to Robert Cecil, Earl of Salisbury, in exchange for 
 Theobalds, who conveyed it to Sir Robert Darcy. Some small 
 vestiges of this building are still extant (1831). 
 
14 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 and to his use ; and over and besides bras, iron, and latten 
 potts, pannes, kettles, skelletts, ladles, skimmers, peeles, 
 dressing-knives, spitts, racks, fflesh-hookes, tubbes, baskets, 
 trayes, flasketts, and diverse other utensiles and properties 
 ffurnished in theire places in the saide office, bowght, pro- 
 vided, and paid for by the seide S r Thomas, to the valevv of 
 ix 1 vi s viii d , partly then spoyld, broken, and loste, whereof 
 he asketh no allowance for y* the rest remayne in his 
 howse to his use. 
 
 And over and besides iiii garnish of new pewter vessells, 
 then by him bowght, provided, and paid for, and there 
 continually occupied to her use during her abode there ; 
 whereof parte were moulten, broken, and some cleane loste, 
 yet for the same he asketh no allowance, for that he hath 
 the rest. And also over and besides two doz. of fayre new 
 candlesticks of pewter, del d into the chambers and chaun- 
 dry, parte being broken, spoyled, and loste, the rest re- 
 mayne to his use, and therfor demandeth no allowance. 
 And over and besides sundry kindes of ffish, as carpes, 
 pikes, tenches, and other ffresh ffishe, by him at the like 
 request provided, and were privately drest in her seide 
 (Grace's) laundres # kittchin for the tryall of cookery 
 wherof he asketh no allowance, for that they were of his 
 owne store to his knowledge, and y e prises not rated. 
 
 * By this it appears that her Grace had devised some expe- 
 riments in the gastronomic art, which were not allowed to be 
 made public in her household kitchin. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 15 
 
 Papers of Sir Thomas Cawarden, of Bletchingley. 
 
 Amongst some of the earliest and not the least curious 
 of the MSS. at Loseley, are those which relate to the 
 offices and affairs of Sir Thomas Cawarden, or Cawerden 
 (familiarly Carden), of Bletchingley, in Surrey. He was 
 a Gentleman of the Privy Chamber to Henry the Eighth, 
 Master of the Revels, and Keeper of the King's Tents, 
 Hales, and Toyles. # 
 
 It belonged to his office as Master of the Revels to take 
 charge and custody of all the garments and properties 
 necessary for the pageants, masks, and other diversions of 
 the Court, to provide for the erection and decoration of 
 all such temporary buildings as might be required for those 
 entertainments. To this office, therefore, was very natu- 
 rally joined that of keeper of the King's tents and tempo- 
 rary lodgings, used in military expeditions or other occa- 
 sions in the field. 
 
 Sir Thomas Cawarden seems to have been strongly 
 attached to the cause of the Reformed religion, and to have 
 stood high in the favour of King Henry VIII. He had a 
 
 * The hales were temporary sheds of timberwork, used as 
 stables, or for other purposes. The toyles were enclosures 
 *nto which game was driven. They were also used for forming 
 the barriers at tournaments. Examples of the word in both ac- 
 ceptations occur incidentally in the papers of Sir Thomas Ca- 
 warden. " A toyle of canvas, taken out of the King's store of 
 the said Office of the Tentes, to sarve for a tylte for the Lord of 
 Misrule his triumphe and justs at Greenwich, with hobby- 
 horses and on foot, before the King's Majesty at Christmas." — 
 From one of Sir Thomas Cawarden's Rolls of the Office of the 
 Revels 6th Edward VI. 
 
16 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 grant from that monarch of the manor of Hex tails, in 
 Bletchingley, which had belonged to Sir Nicholas Carew, 
 of Beddington, near Croydon, who was beheaded in 1539 
 on a charge of having joined in a conspiracy to depose the 
 King, and to set Reginald Pole, the Cardinal, on the 
 throne. 
 
 Cawarden is said to have entertained Henry VIII. and 
 his Queen Ann Boleyn, at his castle at Bletchingley ; and 
 this is not improbable, for tradition still constantly speaks 
 of the visits paid by the royal pair to places adjacent to the 
 valley of Holmesdale, in which vicinage the castellated 
 mansion of Hever, the residence of the Boleyns from the 
 time of Henry II. was situated. At the suppression of 
 monasteries, Sir Thomas Cawarden had a grant of the 
 church and precinct of the Black Friars, London, and of 
 the parish church of St. Ann within the same. He demo- 
 lished both edifices, but in the reign of Queen Mary was 
 obliged to provide a place of worship for the parishioners 
 of St. Ann ; a mandate which, according to Stow, was but 
 imperfectly obeyed. # 
 
 He was at the siege of Boulogne, (doubtless in his capa- 
 city of Master of the King's Tents,) where he was knighted 
 by his sovereign. He was Keeper of the parks, wardrobe, 
 and palace of Nonsuch. In the first year of Henry's suc- 
 cessor, Edward VI. we find him Sheriff of Surrey. On the 
 accession of Mary, his position in Court favour underwent 
 that change which was to be expected from the Queen's 
 bigotry and intolerance. He was five times indicted for 
 
 * lt In the raigne of Queen Mary, he being forced to finde a 
 church to the inhabitants, allowed them a lodging-chamber 
 above a staire, which since that time, to wit, in the yeare 1597, 
 fell down ; and was againe, by collection therefore made, new 
 builded and enlarged in the same yeare, and was dedicated on 
 the eleventh of December." — Stotvs Survey, 4to edit p. 655. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 17 
 
 heresy. Cunning Gardener says, Fox. having "got him 
 into his clutches." 
 
 In the time of Wyatt's rebellion he became suspected as 
 an accomplice, and all his armour and munitions of war 
 were seized by the Sheriff of the County at his castle at 
 Bletchingley, and carried off in waggons to the Tower of 
 London. It must be confessed, from the inventories which 
 were made of them on this occasion, that his armoury was 
 sufficiently well stocked to excite the jealousy of a govern- 
 ing power to whose principles he might be supposed to be 
 inimical. 
 
 Immediately after the demise of Mary, Elizabeth ad- 
 dressed letters from Hatfield to Sir Thomas Cawarden, 
 desiring him to take into his custody, pro tempore, jointly 
 with others, that palatine citadel of the state the Tower of 
 London, the possession of which by the hereditary prince 
 implies livery and seisin of the crown. The letters referring 
 to this appointment, under the sign manual, extant at Lose- 
 ley, are given, with other documents relating personally to 
 Sir Thomas Cawarden, in the sequel. 
 
 Shortly after the accession of Elizabeth, Sir Thomas 
 Cawarden preferred a petition to the Council, soliciting 
 remuneration for the losses he had suffered under the 
 political persecution of Mary. The success of this memo- 
 rial we have not ascertained. 
 
 He died 25th August, 1559, and was buried with the 
 honours due to his rank as a knight, in the church of 
 Bletchingley, in Surrey ; constituting by his last will, made 
 in the month of June previous, Elizabeth his wife and Wil- 
 liam More, Esq. of Loseley, (afterwards Sir William 
 More,) his executors. 
 
 Owing to the last-mentioned appointment, numerous 
 documents relating to his affairs, his property, and the 
 offices which he filled, have been preserved in the Muni- 
 
 c 
 
18 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 ment room at Loseley. Some of these we shall subjoin, as 
 those which relate to his office of the Revels and Tents, 
 and of Keeper of Nonsuch Palace and Park ; to his treat- 
 ment on account of being suspected of favouring Wyatt ; 
 to the favour in which he stood with Elizabeth ; and to the 
 domestic state in which he lived, according to the manners 
 of the day. 
 
 Aubrey says there is a monument for Sir Thomas Ca- 
 warden,* without an epitaph, in Bletchingley church. Sin- 
 gular to say, this defect has been recently supplied; for in 
 one of the old chests at Loseley, where nothing for three 
 centuries appears to have been destroyed, was recently 
 found a brass-plate, on which was inscribed the lines which 
 follow, provided, doubtless, by the care of his executor Sir 
 William More, but from some unknown circumstance not 
 placed on his tomb : 
 
 The Epitaphe of Sir Thomas Cawerden, Knight, who dyed the 
 25th day of August, anno Domini 1559. 
 
 They that olde tyme preferre before our dayes, 
 For courage, vertue, witte, or godly zeale, 
 
 But hearing of Sir Thomas Caw'rden's preyse, 
 In serving God, his Prince, the Common weale, 
 
 Will yielde to us, and saye was never none 
 
 Paste him that lyeth underneeth this stone. 
 
 Which, leaste his foes should it denye for spighte, 
 Three have accorded by rewardes to prove — 
 
 King Henry, who for service made him Knighte ; 
 His Country, which for justice geves him love ; 
 
 And God, who for to make full recompence, 
 
 To place in heaven with his did take him hence. 
 
 * His arms were a bow between two pheons. Aubrey calls 
 bow bender to Henry VIII. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 19 
 
 Original Papers illustrating the Revels and Dramatic En- 
 tertainments of the English Court. Masques, Interludes, 
 fyc. Notice of George Ferrers, as Lord of Misrule. 
 
 After the condemnation of the Protector, Edward Duke 
 of Somerset, uncle to Edward the Sixth, his rival, the 
 Duke of Northumberland, in order to divert the youthful 
 King as much as possible from the contemplation of So- 
 merset's fate, made arrangements that the festival of Christ- 
 mas in 1551-2, should be celebrated with particular atten- 
 tion and splendour, in relation to the diversions usually 
 exhibited at that period of the year. 
 
 It was the custom of every great housekeeper, from the 
 King downwards, to entertain at this season in his esta- 
 blishment a Lord of Misrule ; this officer presided over the 
 Christmas Revels of the Court, and was as powerful and 
 respected in his rule of mirth as the King himself in his 
 control over graver matters. The laborious and accurate 
 historian Stow minutely describes the nature of his office, 
 as follows : 
 
 " There was in the feast of Christmas in the King's 
 house, wheresoever he was lodged, a Lord of Misrule or 
 Master of Merry Disports ; and the like had yee in the 
 house of every nobleman of honour or good worship, were 
 he spiritual or temporal. Among the which, the Mayor 
 of London and either of the Sheriffs had their several 
 Lords of Misrule, ever contending, without quarrell or 
 offence, who should make the rarest pastimes to delight the 
 beholders. These Lords beginning their Rule on Allhal- 
 lon Eve, continued the same til the morrow after the feast 
 of the Purification, commonly called Candlemas-day. In 
 
 c 2 
 
20 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 all which space there were fine and subtill disguisings, 
 maskes, and mummeries." * 
 
 The Lord of Misrule chosen to preside over the diver- 
 sions of King Edward's Court, about the time of his 
 uncle's condemnation and suffering, and also on the follow- 
 ing Christmas, was George Ferrers, a gentleman born at 
 St. Alban's, in Hertfordshire, educated at Oxford, distin- 
 guished by military services under Henry the Eighth, 
 member for Plymouth, and a poet of no small eminence 
 for the time in which he lived, being the chief author of 
 the " Mirrour for Magistrates." He is, indeed, accounted 
 by Leland as one among the learned and illustrious men of 
 the time. He died at Flamsted, in his native county, in 
 1589. 
 
 Hall records that, in the 33d of Henry VIII. he was 
 arrested on a civil action, probably for debt, as the Muses 
 and Poverty are proverbial associates. The House of 
 Commons took the matter up as a breach of privilege, and 
 committed the Sheriffs of London and their officers to the 
 Tower for two days, f 
 
 To this gentleman was assigned the task of devising the 
 entertainments of the Court at the periods to which we 
 have alluded; and when we hear him speaking of. coming 
 one year out of the moon, and the other out of the vastum 
 vacuum, or great waste beyond the limits of created things, 
 
 * Stow's Survey, 4to edit. p. 149. See also Stow's Annales, 
 4to edit. p. 885, where the manner of keeping Christmas at the 
 Court, A.D. 1527, is alluded to. The Lord of Misrule was 
 anciently termed the Abbot of Misrule. The terms Abbot or 
 Lord, as applied to this office, seem to have been used indis- 
 criminately towards the close of the reign of Henry VII. — See 
 Collier s Annals of the Stage, vol. i. p. 42. t 
 
 t Hall's Chronicle, p. 843. Reprint, 1809. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 21 
 
 we shall readily allow that he conducted his proceedings 
 on the basis of a highly poetic imagination. 
 
 The ancient Chroniclers, Holinshed and Grafton, give a 
 somewhat particular notice of Ferrers, and of the manner 
 in which he executed his duty at the Christmas of 1551-2, 
 and their account, as will presently be seen, minutely ac- 
 cords with the curious particulars concerning him extant in 
 the Loseley collection. 
 
 " The Duke (of Somerset) being condemned, the people 
 spake diverslie, and murmured against the Duke of North- 
 umberland, and against some other of the Lords, for the 
 condemnation of the said Duke ; and also, as the common 
 fame went, the King's Majesty took it not in good part. 
 Wherefore, as well to remove fond talke out of men's 
 mouths, as also to recreate and refresh the troubled spirits 
 of the young King, who" (as saith Grafton) "seemed to 
 take the trouble of his uncle somewhat heavilie, it was de- 
 vised that the feast of Christ's nativitie, commonlie called 
 Christmasse, then at hand, should be solemnlie kept at 
 Greenwich with open houshold and franke resort to Court 
 (which is called keeping of the hall) what time of old ordi- 
 narie course there is alwaies one appointed to make sport 
 in the Court, called commonlie Lord of Misrule, whose 
 office is not unknown to such as have been brought up in 
 noblemen's houses, and among great housekeepers which 
 use liberal feasting in that season. 
 
 " There was therefore, by order of the Councell, a wise 
 gentleman and learned, named George Ferrers, appointed 
 to that office for this year, who being of better credit and 
 estimation than commonlie his predecessors had been be- 
 fore, received all his commissions and warrants by the 
 name of Maister of the King's Pastimes, which gentleman 
 so well supplied his office, both in shew of sundrie sights 
 and devises of rare inventions, and in act of diverse inter- 
 
22 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 ludes and matters of pastime plaied by persons,* as not 
 only satisfied the common sort, but also were verie well 
 liked and allowed by the Councell, and other of skill in 
 the like pastimes, but, best of all, by the young King him- 
 self, as appeered by his princelie liberalitie in rewarding 
 that service. 
 
 " On Mondaie the 4th of January, the said Lord of 
 Merrie Disports came by water to London, and landed at 
 the Tower Wharffe, entered the Tower, and then rode 
 through Tower Street, where he was received by Vausse, 
 Lord of Misrule to John Mainard, one of the SherifFes of 
 London, and so conducted through the citie with a great 
 companie of young lords and gentlemen to the house of 
 Sir George Barne, Lord Maior, where he with the cheefe 
 of his companie dined, and after had a great banket; and 
 at his departure the Lord Maior gave him a standing cup 
 with a cover of silver and guilt, of the value of ten pounds, 
 for a reward ; and also set a hogshead of wine and a barrell 
 of beere at his gate for his traine that followed him. The 
 residue of his gentlemen and servants dined at other Alder- 
 men's houses and with the Shiriffes, and then departed to 
 the Tower Wharffe againe, and so to the Court by water, 
 to the great commendation of the Mayor and Aldermen, 
 and highly accepted of the King and Councell." f 
 
 Among the letters of the Lord of Misrule to Sir Tho- 
 mas Cawarden, will be found one in which he minutely 
 details the plot of his performance^ the habits he intends 
 to wear, and the attendants which will be necessary for 
 him. His visit to the City by water, as mentioned in the 
 above-cited passage from the Chronicles, is alluded to, his 
 
 * Masks or actors, from the Latin persona. 
 t Holinshed's Chron. p. 1067, fol. edit. 
 t See Art. 12. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 23 
 
 vessel and its decorations described, which is to await him 
 at the bridge foot to convey him back to the Court at 
 Greenwich. 
 
 In a literary point of view, some of these documents are 
 exceedingly curious ; they afford examples of the rude be- 
 ginnings of those splendid entertainments called Masques, 
 on which the art and invention of rare Ben Jonson were 
 lavished in a later reign ; and also in the interludes ordered 
 to be played before the Court, we trace the origin of the 
 regular drama, which rose to such eminent perfection un- 
 der the reigns of Elizabeth and James, in the imperishable 
 compositions of William Shakspeare. 
 
 (4.) 
 
 LORD OF MISRULE. 
 
 John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, in an autograph letter, 
 signifies to Sir Thomas Cawarden, the Master of the Revels, 
 his Majesty's pleasure to have a Lord of Misrule in the Court 
 during the Christmas Holidays. The bearer of the letter, 
 Mr. Ferrers, is appointed to that office. Indorsed, " the 
 Lord Northu'br. Lett, for the Lorde Mysruell." 
 
 Master Cawarden, I understand by y e vice- 
 chamberleyn, that the kings ma'tie plesser ys for 
 his highnes bett* recreaton the tym of thies hally- 
 dayes to have a Lorde of Misrule ; and hathe 
 apoyntyd upon this berer Mr. fferys ; wherefore 
 the tyme beinge so nere at hand that he can not 
 spare soche things for the furnishinge of that of- 
 fyce as he wold have don yf he had som knoledge 
 of his highnes plessere, I have thought good to re- 
 
24 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 quire yo u to conferr w* him in the bett' settinge 
 fourthe of the matt' to more contentacon of his 
 mat e , and yf yo u have ptayninge to yo r offyce that 
 may serve towards that affect, and to lett him 
 have yt in aredynes. And thereupon to put in 
 aredynes soche warrant as yo u think mete for that 
 purpos, and in the meane tyme to use soche dilly- 
 gence to his furnyture as shall seme to yo' expe- 
 dyet. Thus most hartely fare yo u well. W* the 
 semblable thanks for yo r gentill &frendly remem- 
 brance of my venyson you have sent me. And the 
 sooner yo« helpe forwarde this berrer w* yo' advyse 
 in every thinge, the moreexceptable the same will 
 be to his Mat e . Scriblide in haste this Monday 
 at v th in th 5 eveninge. 
 
 Yo r assured ffrend, 
 
 Northumberland. 
 
 To our loving freende Sir 
 Thomas Garden, knight. 
 
 (5.) 
 
 The Lords of the Council to Sir Thomas Cawarden, from the 
 Court at Greenwich, Christmas Day, 1551. His Majesty has 
 appointed a Lord of Misrule, and he is to furnish him with 
 things convenient. 
 
 After hertie comendacons. Thes ar to desire 
 & praye yo^ fforsamoche as the kings ma't e hath 
 appointed a lord of mysrule to be in his highnes 
 houshold for the twelve dayes> to se the same fur- 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 25 
 
 nyshed of suche things w thin y r office, as yorself 
 shall thyncke convenient to serve the turne ac- 
 cordingly. Thus hartely farre y e well. fFrom 
 Grenewych, this Christmas-day, 1551. 
 Yo r loving ffreends. # 
 NorthuVrland. 
 Pembroke. 
 G. Cobham. T. Cheyne.-^ 
 
 W. Cecyll. 
 
 To our lovinge freende S r 
 
 Thomas Carden, knight. 
 
 * In the Diary of Edward VI. preserved in the Cotton Li- 
 brary, Nero, C. x. is a list, intituled: 
 
 "The names of the hole Councel. 1. The Bishop of Can- 
 erbury. 2. The Bishop of Ely. 3. The L. Threasourer (Mar- 
 quis of Winchester). 4. The Duke of Northumberland (Great 
 Master of the Household). 5. The L. Prevy Seale (the Earl of 
 Bedford). 6. The Duke of Southfolke. 7. The Marques of 
 Northampton. 8. The Erl of Shrewesbury. 9. The Erl of 
 Westmorlande. 10. The Erl of Huntyngdon. 11. The Erl of 
 Pembroke. 12. The Viscount Hereford. 13. The L. Admirale 
 (Lord Clinton). 14. The L. Chaumberlaine (Lord Darcy). 
 15. The L. Cobham. 16. The L. Riche. 17. Mr. Controller 
 (Sir Anthony Wingfield). 18. Mr. Threasourour (Sir Thomas 
 Cheyne). 19. Mr. Vice Chamberlaine. 20. Mr. Secretary 
 Petre. 21. Mr. Secretary Cecil. 22. Sir Philip Hobbey. 23. 
 Sir Robert Bowes. 24. Sir Jhon Gage. 25. Sir Jhon Mason. 
 26. Sir Rafe Sadleir. 27. Sir John Baker. 28. Juge Bromley. 
 29. Juge Montigue. 30. Mr. Wotton. 31. Mr. Northe.— Those 
 that now be called into Commission — The Bishop of Lon- 
 don, the Bishop of Norwich, Sir Thomas Wrothe, Sir Rich'd 
 Cotton, Sir Walter Mildmay, Mr. Sollicitour, Mr. Gornald, Mr. 
 Coke, Mr. Lukas. Several of the above individuals will be re- 
 cognized as subscribing to these documents. f Cheney. 
 
26 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 (6.) 
 
 The Lords of the Council desire Sir Thomas Cawarden to de- 
 liver to the Lord of Misrule and his men apparel for his se- 
 cond livery. 30 Dec. 1551. 
 
 After our harty comendac'ons. The King's 
 Ma't e pleasure ys you shall w th all spede furnishe 
 and delyver to George fferers, the Lorde of Mys- 
 rule of his Ma ts howse, suche apparell and furni- 
 ture for himself and his men, for his seconde ly- 
 very, in like sorte and number as yo« have alredy 
 furnisshed him, the couloures and fasshion wherof, 
 w th his chaunges, to be ordered by yo r discretion. 
 So fare you well. From Grenewiche, the xxx th 
 of December, 1551. 
 
 Yo r loving frends, 
 
 NortiiuVrland. 
 
 Winchester. J. Bedford. 
 
 W. North't.* Pembroke. T. Darcy. 
 
 T. Cheyne. A. Wyngfeld. 
 To Sir Thomas Carden, knyght. 
 
 (7.) 
 
 The Lords of the Council send a particular list to Sir Thomas 
 Cawarden of the apparel to be delivered to the Lord of 
 Misrule. 
 
 After our harty comendacons. The King's 
 
 * Northampton. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 27 
 
 Ma't 8 pleasure is you shall delyver to George Fer- 
 res, the Lorde of Mysrule of his Ma ties howse, 
 thies pcells following, that is to saye, 
 
 First, for his owne apparell, throughly fur- 
 nished, as you shall thinke convenyent. 
 
 Item, for the pages attending on him, their 
 cotes, w th their furniture of sylke, white and 
 redde. 
 
 Item, apparell for viij counsailo rs , of sylke, in 
 suche sorte as you thinke mete. 
 
 Item, a jyrkyn for the tumbler, strayte to his 
 body. 
 
 Item, for his servants xxiiij lyvereys more. 
 
 Item, to consyder my lord's furnyture agaynst 
 the day of the justs, for such chaunge of aparell 
 as you shall think requisitt. 
 
 And this shall be your sufficyent discharge and 
 warrant in this behalf. So fare you well. From 
 Grenewiche, the xxx th of December, 1551. 
 
 Yo r loving frendes, 
 
 Winchester. NorthuVrland. Hertford. 
 W. North't. Pembroke. T. Darcy. 
 
 T. Cheyne. A. WyngfEld. 
 
 To Sir Thomas Carden, knyght. 
 
28 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 (8.) 
 
 The Lord of Misrule complains of the meanness of the apparel 
 provided for his Counsellors. Note of other garments and 
 properties required. 
 
 Mr. Garden, we received from you the aparell 
 for o r owne pson w ch we mislyke not much. We 
 recke not, syns the matter is comitted to yo r dys- 
 crecion, how o r founders honor shall be considrid 
 in this behalf; but it seemeth unto us that as 
 touching the apperell of o r counsellors you have 
 mistaken y e prsons that sholde weere them, as S r 
 Hob* Stafford and Thom s Wyndeso r , w* other gen- 
 tlemen that stande also upon their reputacon and 
 wold not be seen in London, so torche-berer 
 lyke^ disgysed, for as moche as they ar worthe 
 (worthy) or hope to be worthe. Therfore we re- 
 ferre to yo r discrecion the better ordre of the 
 matter w ch was not of o r device but of y e Coun- 
 seills appoyntem*. You muste furnishe it by to 
 morow at nyght, for we will be at london on Mon- 
 day by viii of y e clocke. Qui sum, &c. 
 
 A note of properties, &c. required. 
 Counterfett harness & weapons, as y e maysard-f~ 
 a hoby horse. 
 
 Item, agaynste this night viii visars for a dron- 
 
 * An allusion to the inferior habits of the torch-bearers in 
 Masques. 
 f The Clown. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 29 
 
 ken maske, and viii swords and dagers for y e same 
 purpose. 
 
 Ite', aparell for twoo gentlemen ushers & o r 
 marshall agaynst o r lord goyng to london. 
 
 Ite' 5 for o' m r of y e ordnaunce a fayre appareli 
 warlyke. 
 
 We send you y r Counsellors appareli agayn as 
 insufficient. 
 
 Qui sum, &c. # 
 
 G. F. 
 
 (9-5 
 
 The Lords of the Council to Sir Thomas Cawarden. The Lord 
 of Misrule is disappointed of making his entry into London, 
 " with such honour as behoveth," the eight gentlemen, his 
 counsellors, not having been provided with fit apparel. 
 
 Wheras we directed o r warrante unto you for y e 
 pparacon & furnyture of appareli for viij Counsel- 
 lors attending on the Lorde of Misrule, w cb we ar 
 enformed you have ppared not aptely for suche 
 gentlemen as sholde were [wear] the same, wherby 
 he remayneth disappoynted of his goyng to Lon- 
 
 * For " Qui sum et fui." These words, or " Qui est et 
 fuit," are frequently used as a sort of motto by the Lord of 
 Misrule, prefixed to his mandates. They are a somewhat un- 
 becoming parody of a sacred text, and allude to his possessing 
 the office at the time of writing, and having enjoyed it the pre- 
 ceding year. 
 
30 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 don w th such hono r as behoveth, we will, there- 
 fore, that w th all expedicon agaynst his saide goyng 
 to London you shall furnyshe the same owte of 
 hande, so as shal be fitting & convenient for the 
 seide gentlemen of his counsell, and this shall be 
 yo r warrant in that behalfe. Geven this thirde of 
 January, in the mornyng 1551. 
 Y r loving ffrends, 
 
 NorthuVrland. J. Bedford. 
 
 W. North't. T. Darcy. 
 
 T. Cheyne. 
 
 To Sir Thomas Carden, knight. 
 
 (10.) 
 
 Ferrers, Lord of Misrule, to Sir Thomas Cawarden, requires 
 immediately as many carpenters and paynters as he can 
 spare. 
 
 We will and comaund that emediatly upon the 
 sight heirof you send unto us so many carpenters 
 and paynters as you may spaire (ffor of very neces- 
 sitie and as tyme requireth we moste have theame) 
 and when we have done w r e shall cause theame to 
 repare unto you agayne in all hast possible. And 
 this o r warrant asseagned w*h o r hand shall be yo r 
 sufficient dischardge in this behalf. Geven at o r 
 rjalice of pal .... . 1551. 
 
 Qui sum, &c. 
 
 G. F. 
 
 To Sir Thorn 8 Carden, knight, 
 M r of our fownders Revayles, or 
 to his dep'tie. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 31 
 
 (11.) 
 
 The Council to Sir Thomas Cawarden, concerning furnishing 
 George Ferrers, the Lord of Misrule, with apparel and 
 necessaries to show certain pastimes before the King's High- 
 ness at Christmas, 1552. 
 
 Wrier* the King's Ma tie hath appointed his s vnt 
 George fferrers to the shewing of certaine pas- 
 times before his Highnesse this Christmas ; his 
 pleasure is, that youe se hym furneshed for hym 
 and his bande, as well in apparell as all other ne- 
 cessaries, of such stune as remayneth in your office. 
 And whatsoever wanteth in the same, to take or- 
 der that it be provided accordinglie by yo r discre- 
 tion. And this o r Pre shal be yo r sufficient dis- 
 charge in that behalf. Fare ye well. From 
 Westm', the xxxi of September, 1552. 
 Y r loving ffrends, 
 
 T.Ely, Cane. H. Suffolk. 
 
 W. North't. T. Darcy. 
 
 N. Wotton. J. Masone.^ 
 
 To o' loving ffrend S r Thomas 
 Carden, knighte, M r of the 
 King's Revells. 
 
 (12.) 
 
 A remarkably curious and interesting autograph letter from 
 George Ferrers, the Lord of Misrule, concerning the man- 
 
 * Sir John Mason was Clerk of the Council. 
 
32 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 ner of his intended entry at the Court at Christmas, and the 
 diversions which he intends to present during the holidays. 
 
 Sir, 
 
 Wherasyou required me to write, for that y r bu- 
 synes is great, I have in as few wordes as I maie 
 signefied to you such things as I thinke moste ne- 
 cessarie for my purpose. 
 
 ffirst, as towching my Introduction. Whereas 
 the last yeare my devise was to cum of oute of the 
 mone (moon), this yeare I imagine to cum oute of 
 a place called vastum vacuum, the great waste, as- 
 moche to saie as a place voide or emptie w th out 
 the worlde, where is neither rler, ay re, nor earth ; 
 and that I have bene remayning there sins the last 
 yeare. And, because of certaine devises which I 
 have towching this matter, I wold, yf it were pos- 
 syble, have all myne apparell blewe, the first daie 
 that I p'sent my self to the King's Ma tie ; and even 
 as Ishewe my self that daie, so my mynd is in like 
 order & in like suets (suits) to shew myself at my 
 corny ng into London after the halowed daies. 
 
 Againe, how I shall cum into the Courte, whe- 
 ther under a canopie, as the last yeare, or in a 
 chare triumphall, or uppon some straunge beast — 
 that I reserve to you ; but the serpente with sevin 
 heddes, cauled hidra, is the chief beast of myne 
 armes, and the wholme * (holm) bushe is the de- 
 
 * The evergreen holly is meant, a bearing peculiarly appro- 
 priate to the Lord of Christmas Sports. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 33 
 
 vise of my crest, my worde * is semper ferians, I 
 alwaies feasting or keping holie daies. Uppon 
 Christmas daie I send a solempne ambassad e to 
 the King's Ma ie by an herrald, a trumpet, an ora- 
 tor speaking in a straunge language, an interpreter 
 or a truchman with hym, to which psons ther were 
 requiset to have convenient farnyture, which I re- 
 ferre to you. 
 
 I have provided one to plaie uppon a kettell 
 drom with his boye, and a nother drome w th a 
 fyfFe, whiche must be apparelled like turkes 
 garments, according to the paternes I send you 
 herewith. On S* Stephen's daie, I wold, if it were 
 possyble, be with the King's Ma tie before dynner. 
 Mr. Windham, being my Admyrall, is appointed 
 to receive me beneth the bridge with the King's 
 Brigandyne, and other vessells apointed for the 
 same purpose; his desire is to have the poope of 
 his vessell covered w th white and blew, like as I 
 signefie to you by a nother ire. 
 
 S r George Howard, being my M r of the Horsis, 
 receiveth me at my landing at Grenwiche with a 
 spare horse and my pages of hono r , one carieng 
 my hed pece, a nother my shelde, the thirde my 
 sword, the fourth my axe. As for their furniture 
 I know nothing as yet provided, either for my pages 
 or otherwise, save a hed peece that I caused to be 
 madie. My counsailo rs , with suche other necessarie 
 
 * His motto, or impress. 
 D 
 
34 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 psons y 1 attend uppon me that daie, also must be 
 consydered. There maie be no fewer than sixe 
 counsailo rs at the least ; I must also have a divine, 
 a philosopher, an astronomer, a poet, a phisician, 
 a potecarie, a m r of requests, a sivilian, a disard,* 
 John Smyth, two gentlemen ushers, besides jug- 
 lers, tomblers, fooles, friers, and suche other.-}" 
 
 The residue of the wholie daies I will spend in 
 other devises : as one daie in feats of armies, & then 
 
 * An old word for a clown. 
 
 f The Lord of Misrule requires these personages to be at- 
 tendant on him, that his household establishment should be on 
 a scale similar to that of other great lords of the time. Docu- 
 ments which will be hereafter detailed shew that he had his 
 base sons, apparently accounted a matter of state, as in this 
 point he resembled King Henry VIII. He had also an almo- 
 ner, who dispersed among the crowd, gazing at his mock pro- 
 cession, certain counters made by the wire-drawer. If these 
 bore the portrait and superscription of the Lord of Misrule, they 
 would be rare pieces in the eye of a modern numismatist. A 
 striking instance of the magnificence displayed in a numerous 
 train of attendants, may be found in Cavendish's Life of Wol- 
 sey. Among the Cardinal's officers are enumerated priests, 
 singing men and boys, chamberlains, gentlemen ushers, gentle- 
 men of his privy chamber, cup-bearers, carvers, sewers, almon- 
 er, secretaries, counsellors learned in the law, a herald, a Ser- 
 jeant at arms, physician, apothecary, minstrels, keeper of his 
 tents, armourer, clerk of the green cloth, auditor, &c. &c. It 
 is easy, therefore, to see that Ferrers's arrangement for his 
 followers was suggested by the fashion of the day. 
 
 f By Ferrers' placing the friars in such company, some sa- 
 tirical allusion may be intended, as to the light in which those 
 mendicant drones were considered at the period of the Re- 
 formation. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 35 
 
 wolde I have a challeng pformed with hobbie 
 horsis, where I purpose to be in pson. Another 
 daie in hunting & hawking,* the residue of the 
 tyme shalbe spent in other devisis, which I will 
 declare to you by mouth to have yo r ayde and ad- 
 vice therin. 
 
 S r , I know not howe ye be provided to furnish 
 me, but suer methinks I shold have no lesse than 
 five suets of apparel], the first for the daie I come 
 in, which shall also serve me in London, and two 
 other suets for the two halowed daies folowing, 
 the fourth for newe yeares daie, and the hTte for 
 xii th daie. 
 
 Touching my suet of blew, I have sent you a 
 pece of velvet which hath a kinde of powdered er- 
 maines in it, vearie fy tt for my wering, yf you so 
 thynke good. All other matters I referre tyll I 
 shall speake with you, George Ferrers. 
 
 It. baggs for 
 
 It. for y e greatt seale another bagg. 
 To Sir Thomas Cawarden. 
 
 (IS.) 
 
 The Council from Greenwich signify to Sir Thomas Cawarden 
 the King's pleasure, that he should cause a fool's coat with 
 a hood to be made for Smith, the Disard or Clown. 
 
 The King's Ma es pleasure is that you shall cause 
 to bee made and sent hither forthw* for Smyth, a 
 
 * In mock representations of those sports. 
 D 2 
 
36 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 foole's cote, w 1 a hoode, for th' apparell w c he hath 
 allredye is not fytt for that purpose; his Mat es 
 pleasure is also, that yo w provid lykewise and send 
 hithar redye made xvi lyveryes more, wherin yo* 
 must mak all th' speed that may be. rTrom 
 Greenwych, this xxvi of Decemfo. 
 
 Winchester. NorthuVland. Bedford. 
 T. Darcy. 
 John Gage. Will'm Petres. 
 
 To o r loving freend S r Thorns 
 Carden, Knight, M r of the King's 
 Mat ies Revells. 
 
 (14.) 
 
 A Letter from the Lord of Misrule to Sir Thomas Cawarden, 
 requiring twelve hobby-horses, apparel for a hunter, two 
 dryads, and Irish dresses for a man and woman, &c. &c. 
 A. D. 1553. Indorsed, '• Warrant for xii hobe (hobby) 
 horses from the Lord of Mysrull, canves," i. e. made of 
 canvas. 
 
 Qui est et fuit. 
 
 Sir, I pray you to furnish me of xii hobby 
 horses,* if any such remayne in your custody. 
 
 * For a mock tournament. I have seen a German MS. with 
 very numerous illuminations, representing a tournament of this 
 kind. The combatants on horseback were furnished with 
 crests of the most extraordinary and ridiculous nature, and 
 each of them on either side was attended by a clown properly 
 habited with his bells and bauble. The hobby-horse used in 
 these sports, and by the Morris dancers of old, was formed by 
 a light wooden frame, in semblance of a horse, and covered 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 37 
 
 Item, of an hunter's apparell for my selfe & vi 
 other, which I will see returned to you agayne. 
 Item, of vi cotes of the lyvery, an attyre for Cla- 
 rinse, my juggler, now of late intertayned. Also, 
 in any wise of two counsaylers attyres more 
 agaynst my coming to London. Item, two maces 
 for my sergeants at armes. Item, apparell for two 
 dysardes. Item, Irish apparell for a man & a 
 woman. And I pray you certifie me by the bearer 
 hereof of your provision herein. The lord kepe 
 you. ffrom Grenewich, this daye beyng Saynt 
 John's Daye, ano 1553. 
 
 Your lovyng frend, 
 
 G. Ferrers. 
 
 To the right worshipful my very 
 frend, S r Thomas Cardyn, d. d. 
 thes. (deliver these.) 
 
 (15.) 
 
 Qui est & fuit. 
 G. Ferrers. 
 Mr. Carden, I beseche you to furnishe me 
 agaynst my comyng to London of two fotemens 
 apparells, and that don I shall not further troble 
 
 with canvas. This horse was attached to the body of the per- 
 former, who imitated the curvettings of a real horse, his legs 
 being concealed by the bases or cloths with which the figure 
 was trapped, or, to speak according to the probable etymology 
 of this word, draped. 
 
38 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 more than for the appoyntment for twelfe nyght. 
 Fare you well. From Grenewych, Fry day the 
 morning. 
 
 To the ryght worshypfull S r 
 Tho s Cawarden, M r of the King's 
 Mat es Re veils gyve thys. 
 
 (16.) 
 Sir, 
 
 Syns my last letters there ys comyn to my 
 mynde y e want of iiij footemens apparell whych 
 wolde be dowbletts of colors & hose of the same, 
 and Ixx jerkyns of buckram or canvas paynted 
 lyke maylle for lxx hakbuters.* These things 
 beyng pvyded we shall not nede to trouble you 
 any further. From Grenewych y e second of Ja- 
 nuary & y e ix th day of o r rule. 
 
 Qui sum, &c. 
 To S r Thorns Cawerden, knyght, &c. 
 
 Item, thirtte more made of the same stuff. 
 
 ( 17. ) 
 
 Memorandum for the Lord of Misrule's Enterprize at Court on 
 New Year's Night. 
 
 Qui est et fuit. 
 His enterpryce to be on New Year's day at nyght. 
 
 * Seventy hakbuters, or, to speak in modern phrase, mus- 
 keteers, dressed in coats of mail, as his guard. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 39 
 
 Fyrst, xii horses barbed, wherof vi for cha- 
 lengers, whight and blewe. 
 
 The other syx blacke and yellowe. 
 
 The pewtrells (poitrails) to be garnyshed with 
 plumes for the sayd horsses w* collers accordyng. 
 
 Truncheons xii. 
 
 Mases for sergeaunts at armes. 
 
 A roobe of clothe for the almoner. 
 
 Mr. Chamberlayne my marshal]. 
 
 Mr. Strynger my threasorer. 
 
 Mr. Rydley my m r of ordenaunce, beyng of my 
 chyef councell, I pray you see hym furnyshed at 
 yo r good dyscressyon. 
 
 G. Fferrers. 
 
 To Sir Thomas Cawarden. 
 
 (18.) 
 
 The Council to Sir Thomas Cawarden. Provision of things 
 necessary is to be made for the shewing his Highness a 
 Triumph of Cupid on Twelfth Night. 
 
 Master Carden, the Kyng's M fs plesure ys that 
 with all possible expedycon yow make pvysyon of 
 all suche thyngs appteynyng to a certen Tryumphe 
 of Cupyde to be showed to hys hyghnes upon xii th 
 nyght accordyng to a pportyon to be sent you, 
 subscrybed with the hande of Syr George Howard, 
 with all suche necessary furnyture out of suche 
 stuffe as all redy ye have psent in yo r custodye as 
 
40 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 to the showe therof shall appartayne or belong, 
 ffrom Grenewyche the last of December. 
 Yo r ffrends, 
 
 J. Bedford. W. NorthV. 
 
 Ff. Shrewesbury. E. Clynton. 
 
 T. Darcy. 
 
 Robert Bowes. 
 To our lovyng ffrende Syr Tho- 
 mas Carden, Knt. Master of the 
 
 Kyng's M't's Revells. 
 
 Indorsed " Warrant for a Tryeumph of Cupyd for 
 
 S r George Howard, ano 1553." 
 " Revylls & playes an° 1552 (and an 1553.)" 
 
 (19.) 
 
 A Paper giving particular directions how " The Triumph of 
 Cupid" is to be " set forth." It is endorsed, " Sir George 
 Howard devises for a Play," and is evidently the " propor- 
 tion," or plot, referred to in the preceding. 
 
 After most harte comendacons thes shal be to 
 s'tefeiow (i. e. certify you) the counceles pleasure 
 his as shall appere be yowr letters ffrome theme, 
 that I shoulde be my letter adwertis you of all 
 such furneture, shalbe occupide on twelfe night, 
 to be furneshede after suche sorte as you shall 
 thinke mete. 
 
 Ffurst, you have to furneshe Venus in a chaire 
 triumfall, and w* heriii ladies, and her chaire to be 
 carried on iiij mensbakkes, eche of theme a torche 
 in his hand as you thinke mete, in howse companie 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 41 
 
 I am appointed for to come forneshed as I wrote 
 untoo you be me man. 
 
 Then comes in Mars, in a chaire ffurnished w* 
 torche and men ffor the carrien of hime, ffurneshed 
 accordenge as yow shall thinke gode ; also Mars 
 mostebe harmed, wiche armor (he) shall have here 
 yf yow woll, or else whether he shall have painted 
 harnes or not, and having in his hand a target of 
 his armes, and in his other hand a naket sworde, 
 w* hime cometh iii gentelmen having iii targetes 
 of his harmes and swordes in ther handes. 
 
 Cupid shalbe a letell boye howe must be 
 tremmed, w* a bow and arrows blinfelde, accord- 
 inge as you thinke hit mete. Other furneture I 
 knowe of none, all thowght the counceles pleasure 
 ys that I showlde give youe the plate (plot) of this 
 pastime against twelfe nyght, I beenge not ex- 
 perte * this matter, have bute in brefe declared the 
 effecte of this matter to you, levenge the hole de- 
 vice of the thinge to your deskression — whow his 
 better abull to dow hit then I cane thinke hit or 
 wryt hit. 
 
 Thus I comet you to God this psente day fTrom 
 the Corte. Be your lovinge ffrende, 
 
 George Howard. 
 
 * Sic in MS. probably an error. Should be " in these mat- 
 ters." Certainly Sir George Howard, in an age when ortho- 
 graphy was as yet very unsettled, was not expert at spelling. 
 The adjective ' able * he converts into « a bull ; ' and the parti- 
 ciple present of the verb ' to carry ' is made ' carrion.' 
 
42 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 (20.) 
 
 A Paper facetiously endorsed "'Ferryrs^tke Lorde Myserable, 
 by the Cunsells aucketorryte,* for apparell ;" accompanied 
 by a note, part of which seems to have allusion to the Tri- 
 umph of Cupid, the plot of which is sketched in the preced- 
 ing document. 
 
 Qui est et fuit. 
 
 G. Ferrers. 
 Sir, 
 I pray you to see all thyngs furnyshed ac- 
 cording to the pporcyon which I have notyd w* 
 my hande & to gyve credyt to thys berar. Fare 
 you well. From Grenewych this Monday of y e 
 new yere. 
 
 To S r Thorns Cawarden, knyght, 
 M r of the King's Ma'ties Revells. 
 
 Persones. 
 
 Chauncellor, Threasorer, Comptroller, Vice 
 Chamberlaine, four Lords Counsaillors arayed as 
 apparel accustumed. 
 
 The Marshall and his band. 
 
 These psones be alredy furnyshed, so y l yt 
 nedyth not to pvyde, but only for these under- 
 written. 
 
 * The ingenious effort in orthography to express the word 
 u authority" with a due observance of its Latin derivative, will 
 be appreciated by the reader. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 43 
 
 Ydlenes, Dalyance, twoo ladies straungely at- 
 tyred. 
 
 Cupide, a small boye to be cladd in a canvas 
 hose and doblet sylverd over w 1 a payre of wings 
 of gold w* bow and arowes his eyes banded. 
 
 Venus to come in w* a maysk of ladies, and to 
 reskue Cupide from the Marshall. Mars the God 
 of Battale to come in very triumphantly. Brett 
 shal be Mars. They must have three fayre tar- 
 getts, the rest shal be their owne armure. 
 
 The Herault Cuoeur Ardant (coeur ardent) to 
 have a fayre short garment and a riche armour 
 painted with burning harts perced with darts. 
 
 ( si. ) 
 
 The Lord of Misrule to Sir Thomas Cawarden on the last day 
 but one of his dominion. 
 
 Qui est et fuit. 
 
 G. Fferrers. 
 Syr, this morning I rece th .... of one of 
 
 my warrants w th your advise subscribed 
 
 to the same, which I .... . that I would I had 
 been remembered the . . . ; nevertheles I shall 
 do my devor therin, so that if it take not effect, 
 the fait shall not be in me. Sir, this afternoone 
 Syr Thomas Challoner wyl be w th you to confer 
 about to morows preparation, what tyme (as you 
 
44 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 know) the date of my dominion expyreth. Wher- 
 fore that well served I shall not trouble your far- 
 ther this yere, praying you to set furth all things 
 to the best shew. And touching the staf maker, * 
 to avoyd exclamation, I wyll see hym contented 
 so that I may be allowed agayn of the same upon 
 your warrant. And thus comending the furniture 
 of my decaying estate to your good handling, I 
 byd you hartily farewell. From Grenewich. Do- 
 minacionis nostre die penultima. 
 
 To the right worshipfull S r 
 Thorns Carden, knight, M r of 
 the King's Ma ties Revells. 
 
 ( m, > 
 
 Account of Expenses of the Lord of Misrule, in celebrating 
 the Christmas at Court of the year 1552. The details of this 
 document at once illustrate the costly nature of these diver- 
 sions and the splendour of the Court dresses which they 
 imitated. 
 
 Chrystmas, in "\ An Estimate of the contentes and va- 
 anno Sexto t lewe of soche p'cells and stufFe as was 
 R. Edwardi, ( delyv'd oute of the store houses of the 
 The Revells. J King his Ma' ties Revells and Tentes, 
 to be employed to the furniture of the Lord of Mis- 
 rule and his Retynewe, appointed in the Court to 
 that purpose, during the tyme of Christmas, and 
 provided over and besides the charge of al maner, of 
 furniture and g&rnishinge appointed and incidente 
 to and for himself and his bande and their doings, 
 bought and provided to that use and purpose, as by 
 
 * The maker of staves or lances for the mock tournament. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 45 
 
 a like Estimate of the same more playnly may ap- 
 peare ; vidz. for 
 
 Owene proper person. 
 Christmas Day, and that weeke. 
 A robe of white baudkyn,* by estimac'on ix y'des, at 
 xvi s the y'de, vii 11 iiii s garded w l a greete embrothered 
 garde of clothe of goulde, wroght in knotts, con' (con- 
 taining) by estimac'on xiiij y'ds, at xiii 8 iiij d the y'de, ix 1 * 
 vis yjiid i n ai^ over an j besides the furre, of redde fe- 
 thers, w l a cape of chamlet thrum, the workemanshipp, 
 and all other things bought and of newe provided. 
 
 xvi ]i x s viii d 
 A coate of flatt silver fyne w* w'kes, con' v y'ds, at I s 
 the y'de, xii 1 x s , w* an embrothered garde of leves of 
 goulde and silke colored, cont' xvi y'ds, at xx s the y'e 
 xv 1 *, besides the lyninge, workemanshipp, and provision 
 of all other things .... xxvii 1 * x s 
 
 A cappe of mayten'nce of redde fethers and chamblet 
 thrumbe, verei riche, w* a plume of fethers, the charges 
 thereof comprised emonges the charges of the provisions 
 bought of newe at this instant, and therefore heare valued 
 at n. 
 
 A paier ofhosen, the breaches made of ayarde of clothe 
 of gold, broade embrothered in panes, con' ix y'ds of gard- 
 inge, at xiij s iiij d the y'de, vi ]i , lyned w l silver sarcenet, i 
 ell, viii s , besids the workmanshipp and all provisions. 
 
 vi 11 viii s 
 
 * Baldekin, Bawdekyn, or Baudkyn, as it is written in our 
 ancient MSS. and Chronicles, was a stuff of the richest manu- 
 facture, composed of silk and gold thread interwoven. Du 
 Cange says it was brought from Persia: " sic dicitur quod Bal- 
 dacco seu Babylone in Perside in occidentales provincias defer- 
 retur." 
 
46 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 Buskyns, one paier of white baudekynne, con' 1 y'de di. 
 
 a' xvi s the y'de, besids the makinge and all other charges. 
 
 xxiv s 
 
 Pantacles,* one payer of bridges satten,invalewe, iii s iiii d . 
 
 A gerdell of yellowe sarcenet, con' i q't'r of a y'de, 
 price " . . xvi s 
 
 New Yeare's Day, and that week. 
 
 A robe of redde baudkyn, con' ix y'ds, at xvi s the y'de, 
 vii 11 iiij s , garded w l a great embrothered garde of purple 
 silver, con' xiiii y'ds gardinge, a' xiii s iiii d the y'd, besides 
 the furr and all other charges . . . xvi 11 x s viii d 
 
 A coate of redde baudkyn, con' v y'ds di. at xx s y e y'de, 
 cx s , garded w* the same garde of purple silver embro- 
 thered, con' x y'ds, vi ]i xiii s iiij d , besides all other charges. 
 
 xii 1 * iiii s iiij d 
 
 Hosen, one paier slop wise, the brech.es of a garde of 
 cloth of gould figured w* vellet, redde and grene, w* a 
 cutt garde of clothe of goulde upon it, con' xviij y'ds gard- 
 inge, at v s the yarde, besides all other charges, in the 
 hole iiij Ji x s 
 
 Buskyns, one paier of redd baudkin, con' 1 y'd di. at 
 xx s the y'de, in the hole, besides, &c. . xxx s 
 
 Huntinge. — A^coate of clothe golde figured w* redde 
 and grene vellet churchew'k, con' vi yard, a' xxx s the y'de, 
 ix Ji , garded w 1 a border of clothe of golde, imbrodered, 
 con > xiii y'ds gardinge at xiii s iv d the y'de, viij 11 xiij s iv d , 
 lyned w* under sieves of white baudkyn, con' 1 y'de di. at 
 xvi s the y'de, xxiiij 5 , w 1 a hatt of plaine clothe of goulde, 
 con' di. y'de xv s . garnished w* leves of grene satten, con' 
 
 * Pantoufles, slippers; also in old writers called pantables : 
 " Rich pantables in ostentation worn, 
 And roses worth a family." 
 
 Massinger's City Madam. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 47 
 
 1 q r y'de, at ij s , in all, besids the w'kmanshippe and other 
 charges of povision nowe bought . . xix 11 xiiij s iiij d 
 
 Twelfth Day, and his progres to London. 
 
 A robe of wrought purple furred vellet, the inside white 
 and blacke like powdered armyns, w* a coate, a head 
 peace, and a scapeler of the same, con' altogether xiii y'ds 
 q r , at xxx s the y'de, xix 11 xvii s vi d . the garments welted 
 about w* blewe and yellow goulde tinsell, con' xxx y'ds 
 weltinge, at xvi d the y'de, xl s , the hatt garnished w* purple 
 vellet striped w th thredes of silver 1 y'd, xx s , in all, besides 
 one ell of white and blew taffita for laces of y e same, and 
 other charges lx s 
 
 Hosen one paier, the breeches of purple cloth of silver, 
 con' 1 y'de di. at xxx s the y'de, xlv s , welted w t purple 
 tynsell and gold, con' xviij y'ds, at xii d the y'de. Bus- 
 kyns, 1 paire of streped purple vellet w l threades of 
 silver, con' i y'd di. at xx s the y'd, in all, besids the other 
 charges, xxx s . vii li xiiij s vi d 
 
 Children* 
 John Smyth, Ayer apparent. 
 
 A foole's cote, longe, of yellowe clothe of goulde, all 
 over fringed w l vellett, white, redde, and grene, con' vii 
 y'ds di. at xl s the y'de, xv 1 * ; garded w 1 plaine yellow cloth 
 of golde, iiij yardes, at xxxiij s iiij d the y'de, vi 11 xiij s iv d ; 
 with a hoode and a pair of buskins of the same figured 
 gold, con' ii y'ds di. c s ; and a gerdell of yellow sarcenet, 
 con' one qter, xvi d ; in all, &c. xxvi 11 xiiij s viii d . 
 
 Seame 2,f Parkins 3, Elderton 4. 
 iiij or longe fooles' coates of crymson taffata and white 
 
 * Of the Lord of Misrule. 
 T i. e. 2d son. 
 
48 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 sarcenent pained, con' w l their hoodes vii ells of crimsen 
 taffata, at xii s the ell, iiij 1 * ihj s , and vii ells of white sarce- 
 net, at v s iiij d the elle, xxxvij s iiij d , lyned w* gould and 
 silver laune, xiiij ells, at viij s the ell, cxii s ; ii of them gar- 
 nished w l tynsell goulde, ii yd's di. at xx s the y'de, I s ; and 
 ii garnished w l yellow satten ; ii y'ds di. at vi s viij the y'de, 
 xvi s viii d -, with iiij girdles of sarcenet, con' i y'de, v s . iiij d . 
 — xv 11 v s iiijd. 
 
 2 Base Sons.* 
 
 ii lesser fooles' coates, attending upon Venus, of whit and 
 orenge-colored satten pained, con' w* their hoodes v y'ds di. 
 of orenge-coloured satten, at vi s viii d y e y'de, xxxvi s viij d ; 
 and v y'ds of white satten, at ii ij s viii d the y'de, xxv s . viij d . 
 garded w l grene and yellowe satten, iiij y'ds at viij s . 
 they'd,xxxij s ; in all besides the w'kemanshipp, and other 
 provisions new bought iiij 11 xiiij s iiij d . 
 
 Counsailors. 
 
 Robes, ix longe w* wide sieves, and hatts of blewe taf- 
 fita, con' xxxix ells, at xii s vi d y e ell, xxiv 11 vii s vi d ; and 
 ii ells i q' of white taffata for wreathes f aboute their hatts, 
 at xiiij s the ell, xxxi s yj d , in all xxv 11 xix s , which is com- 
 prised amongs the charges of empcions and provisions 
 boughte of new and therfore here. . . . n. (nil) 
 
 Pages of Honor, 
 iiij cassocks, i cloke, i jerkyn, and one paire of sloppes 
 of blewe taffata, con', w l one ell for wreathes about their 
 
 * Bastards, apparently accounted a matter of state. 
 
 f Wreaths of goldsmith's work, were ornaments of great es- 
 teem and honour in the days of chivalry. They are here found 
 encircling the hat instead of the helmet. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 49 
 
 head peeces, vii ells atxii s vi d the ell, iiij 11 vij s vi d , frenged 
 w* selver frenge vi oz. at ii s vi d the ounce, xv s ; taken out 
 of the store iiij cappes of white taffata, con', w* half an ell 
 for half of the wreathes about the same, ii ells at xiiij s the 
 ell, xxviij, w 1 iij pair of sloppes of silver sarcenett, con' v 
 y'ds at viij s the y'de, xl s in all, besids the taffata, the w'ke- 
 manshipp, and other charges of provision and empsions, 
 bought besids the store lv s 
 
 Offycers. 
 
 Gentlemen Usshers. 
 ii garmentes of white baudkin con' x y'ds at xvi s y e y'de, 
 viii 11 , garded w* blew tynsell i y'de di. at xxv s y e y'de 
 xxxvij s vi d , w l capes of redde baudkin, con' i y'de, xx s , 
 w* buttoned cappes of blew satten edged w* redde frenge, 
 at vi s the peace, xii s ; in all out of the store . xi 11 ix s vi d 
 
 S r geaunts at Armes. 
 
 ii garmentes of redde baudkyn, con' xii y'ds, at xvi § y e 
 y'de, ix 11 xii s , garded w* yellowe tynsell, con' ii y'ds di. at 
 xx s the y'de, I s , tyed withe yellow sarcenet di. ell ii s vi d , 
 w* ii mases worth in valew ii s ; all taken owte of the store, 
 besides other charges .... xii 11 vi s vi d 
 
 Provost M r shall. 
 
 One large coate of white baudken w 1 great ruffes, con" 
 viii y'ds, at xv s y e y'de, vi 11 viii s , garded all over w* blew 
 satten, cut in losinges (lozenges) con' iiij y'ds at viii 8 y e 
 y'de xxxii s . w* a cappe of blew satten, frenged w* blew 
 frenge and tufted w 1 yellowe sarcenet, worth by estimac'on 
 vi s viii d ; in all . . . . viii 1 * vi s viii d 
 
 Under M'shal. 
 ij shorte coates of crymesen satten, con' viii y'ds, at xvi s 
 the y'd, vi 1 *. viii s . garded w* yellowe satten, con' ii y'ds di. 
 at x s the y d , xxv s , w l two hed peeces of yellowe satten, con 
 
 E 
 
50 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 i y'd, x«, w l roules of black gould sarcenet, con , i y'd, vih s ? 
 w* ii felts xvi d . ; ,in all out of the store, besides other 
 charges . viii 11 xii s iiij d 
 
 Fotemen. 
 
 ii coates of satten blew, w* ii pair of sloppes of the same, 
 
 con' x y'ds, at viii s y e y'de, iiij 11 , taken out of the store, w* 
 
 under sieves of white satten, and the rest all garded w 1 
 
 white satten, con' iiij y'ds di. boght & pvided . inj b 
 
 Messenger. 
 One great coate of redd sarcenett, con' ii ells di. xiii s 
 iiij d , w l ruffe sleaves garded w* yellow gould sarcenet one 
 y'de, viii s , tufted w* white sarcenet i ell di. viii s , lyned w* 
 buckeram v y'ds, iii s iiij d , w* one pair of buskins of blew sat- 
 en, con' i yard di xii s . a cappe of blew saten, con' iij q'ters, 
 vi s , besids all other provisions and charges . I s viii d 
 
 Trumpettors (to the Lord of Misrule). 
 
 A coate of redde sarcenet con' ii ells, at v s iiij d ye ell, 
 x s . viii s . garded w t gould sarcenet of orenge colo r i y'de, 
 viii d . tufted w* white sarcenet i ell, v s iiij d , lyned w 1 red 
 buckeram iiij y'ds, ii s viii d , w* a capp of red satten, con* 
 di y'de, iiij s ; in all. out of the store, besides other charges 
 
 xxx s viii d 
 
 A greate coate of blew satten w* ruffe sieves ruffed in 
 the waste, con' vii y'ds, at viii s y e y d . lvi s , w* a capp of 
 blew satten, con' iii q'ters, vi s , garnished w fc white sarcenet, 
 con' i q'rter ell, besids the gardinge of the coate, with 
 prcement lace ix oz. di. and other charges lxii s . 
 
 Trumpeters (to Venus). 
 
 A garment of yellowe goulde sarcenet, con' v y'ds, at 
 viij s . the y'd, xl s , w* a hed pece of yellow goulde sarcenet, 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS.' 51 
 
 con' di. y'd iiij s , w* a roule of black goulde sarcenet, con' 
 di. y'd, iiij s , the garding of black purled lace v. oz. xlviii s 
 
 Harrowlde to y e Lorde of Mysmle. 
 
 A large garment w* ruffed sieves, con' ii ells di. of rea 
 sarcenet, at v s viij d the ell, xiij s iiij d , garded w* gold 
 sarcenet i y'd viii s , and tufted w* white sarcenet i ell di 
 viii s , lyned w l redd buckeram, con' v y'ds iij s iiij d , w* one 
 pe of buskins of grene satten,con' i y'd di. xii s ; in all oute 
 of the steor ...... xlviij s viij d 
 
 A great coate of blew satten w t ruffed sleeves and 
 ruffed in the waste vii y'ds, at viii s y e y d , lvi s , w* one 
 cappe of blew satten, con' iii q r , vi s , garnished with white 
 sarcenet, con' i q r ter ell, besides the garding of the cote of 
 parcement lace, ix oz. di . . . . . lxii s 
 
 Orator. , 
 
 A longe garmente of crymsene sarcenet, w l longe sieves 
 con' iii ells di. at v s iiij d the ell, xviii s viii d , garded w* gould 
 sarcenet i y'de, viii s , tufte w t white sarcenet i ell di. viii s . 
 W* a hed pece of white damaske, con' iii q'r y'd at viii 3 the 
 y'd, vi s . frenged w* venys gould di. oz. iiii s . lyned w* bucke- 
 ram vi y'ds iiij s ; all out of the store . . xlviij s viij d 
 
 Trucheman. 
 
 A cote of red sarcenet, con' 2 ells di, at v s viij d the ell, 
 xiij s iiij d j garded w* yellow goulde sarcenet, con' i y'de, at 
 viij s , and tufte w* white sarcenet i ell di. viij s , lyned w l red 
 buckeram v yard% iij s iiij d , w* a capp of yelow satten, con' 
 di. y'd, iij s iiij d ; in all, out of the store, besids all other 
 charges of w'kemanship and .g visions, bought . xxxvi s 
 
 e2 
 
52 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS, 
 
 Irisheman.* 
 A large garment of blewe and redde satten pained, con* 
 viij y'ds, at vj s viij d the y'd, liij s iiij d , lyned w t black bucke- 
 ram vi y'ds, iiij s , w l a hear (a wig) of blacke flaxe, and a 
 hed pece of dornix,t w the by estimac'on ij s iiij d , w* a sword 
 price ij s vj d , w t a pair of buskens of bridges satten, con' i 
 y d di. at v 9 the y d , vij s vj d ; in all . . lxviij s ij d 
 
 Irish ewoman. 
 A mantele of red and blew satten paned, con' ix y'ds at 
 vi s viii d the y'd, lx s , lyned w t red buckeram, v y'ds, ii s vi d ,, 
 w l a smock of yellowe buckeram, con' vi y'ds, iiij s , w* a 
 hear of flax, worth by estimac'on iii s iiij d , w l a girdle of red 
 sarcenet, con' i q'ter y d , xvi s ; in all, besides w'kemanship 
 and other charges of provisio' . . . lii s viii d 
 
 Hunters. 
 
 vi huntinge cotes of russet damaske con' xxriij y'ds at v s 
 
 ye y'd, vi ]i , w l vi hatts of the same, con' iiij y'ds, at v s y e 
 
 y d , xx s , w 1 sieves of crymsem taffata, con' 4 ells at xii s ye 
 
 ell, xlviii s , lyned w 1 red buckeram vi y'ds, iiij s ; in all, be- 
 
 sids the wTsemanshipp and charges of provisions bought. 
 
 ix ]i xii s 
 Juggeler. 
 
 A long coate and cap of blew satten w l wide sieves, con' 
 
 vii y'ds, at viii s y e y'd lvi s , garded w* yellowe satten ii y'ds, 
 
 at viii s y e y'd xvi s ; in all, besids y e w'kemanshipp and 
 
 other charges of pvisions bought . . . lxxii s 
 
 Tumbler. 
 1 gerkyn and a pair of sloppes of yellow and blew sat- 
 
 * It is evident from these entries that the attire of the Irish 
 at this period was national and peculiar. 
 
 f Dornix, a coarse sort of damask made at Deornick in 
 Flanders. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 53 
 
 ten, paned, con' vi y'ds, at viii s y e y d ; all out of y e store 
 
 xlviij' 
 
 S'm totalis of the hole valewe of all the abovesaid per- 
 cells this yeare taken and spent owte of the store of the 
 King's Mat ies revells and tentes . • cclxii 1 * xvi s 
 
 The Lord of Mysrule, his charges besyds y e store 
 out of y 8 Revells. 
 
 Mearser, for his abovesaid sute of purple furred vellet 
 
 xix ]i xvii s vi d , his counsellor and pages xxxv 11 v s ix d , besids 
 
 xx 
 other silks and vellet — iiii iiij 11 xviiij s iii d . 
 
 Sylkewoman, for divers lace frange and other furniture 
 of silke and goulde to garnishe the same . xxvi 1 * ii s vi d 
 
 Apparelinge and furnishinge of him and his retynewe. 
 
 Draper for M. xxxviii y'ds of cloth for his yemen and 
 other baser officers .... cxii 11 xii s vi d 
 
 Tailour and karvers, for the workmanshippe of the same 
 
 lxvii 11 viii s x d 
 
 Feltmaker for feltes . vi !i x s 
 
 Skynner and Fether maker, for furs and fethers, 
 
 xv 1J viii s viii d 
 
 Horner for blowinge homes, turner for daggers and 
 squyrtes, and other weapons, and the wyer drawer for his 
 coynes . . . . . . xlv s viii d 
 
 Over and besids — 
 
 The charges of garneture and workemanship, w l stuf and 
 other provisions bought and made of new this yer, for the 
 furniture of the said Lord of Misrule. 
 
 His Triumph of Venus and Mars, w l their pageants, 
 maskes, and other furniture : — to the 
 Grocer, for painters stuf and the like necessaries xv 1 * 
 
54 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 xiii s . Painters xiii 11 vii s vi d . Joyners cvi s i d . And 
 Karvers workinge upon the same xviij s viij d . Basket ma- 
 kers, for workmanship of the same, and the stuf hi 11 ix s 
 viii d . Myllyner xxxvi s iiij d . Glover xvi s , and others iiij u 
 xv 8 ii d for stuf spent about the maskes. 
 
 His Tiltes for his Justes and his play of execution * 
 Karver, for hobby horses and other properties made 
 for the same ix ]i xviii s . Carpenter, for the w'kemanshipp 
 and stuffe of the same lxxi u viii s . Smythe, for the w'k- 
 manshipp of the same and stuffe, xviii s vi d . 
 
 All manner of necessaries, tooles, and utensiles, occupied 
 and spent about his furniture and doings, w 1 cariages, 
 bote-hyre, and other ordinary charges hereto dewly inci- 
 dent, xii 1 * vii s ix d . 
 c xx 
 £.iii iiij ix 11 iiij s ix d ob. (i. e. £.389. 4s. 9d.) 
 
 The whole dette dewe to be paid by y e king's ma'tie to 
 
 the creditors and workemen of their charges this yere and 
 
 c 
 the last is vii.xvii 11 x s ix d ob. i. e. £717- 10s. dd. 
 
 The remayne of the like charges of the said lorde of 
 mysrule for the furniture of his retynewe and doings of 
 the last year, with provisions bought for the same, beinge 
 yet behinde and unpaid for, over and besides all that was 
 taken and spent out of the store of the Kings Revells that 
 year, about the same as by a declarac'on thereof will ap- 
 pear cccxxviii 11 vi s 
 
 * The sentence passed upon the King's uncle, the Protector 
 Somerset, appears to have suggested this play of execution to the 
 Lord of Misrule, to whose levity no event or circumstances, 
 however serious, seem to have set bounds. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 55 
 
 (23.) 
 
 Disguisings, Masks, Interludes, Plays, fyc. 
 Michael Stanhope to Sir Thomas Cawarden. The Lord Pro- 
 tector, the Duke of Somerset, desires him to cause garments 
 to be made for six Masks, of whom the King himself tvill be 
 one: they are to be for persons of the King's stature. The 
 jest appears to have been to keep the spectators ignorant 
 which of the maskers was the King. Thus, in a scene of 
 Shakspeare's Henry VIII. the King is described as entering 
 with twelve maskers habited like shepherds; and Wolsey 
 says: 
 
 " There should be one among them by his person 
 More worthy this place than myself — to whom, 
 If I but knew him, with my love and duty 
 I would surrender it. 
 
 Chamberlain. Such a one they all confess 
 There is indeed, which they would have your Grace 
 Find out, and he will take it. 
 
 Wolsey. Let me see, then. 
 
 By all your good leaves, gentlemen, here I'll make 
 My royal choice. 
 
 King, You have found him, Cardinal. 
 
 \The King unmasks" 
 See also Cavendish's Life of Wolsey, which appears to 
 have been known to Shakspeare, and closely followed by 
 him in many incidents of the play. 
 
 Gentle Mr. Cawerden, 
 My Lorde Protectees please-' is that you shall 
 cause garments to be made for vi maskes, wherof 
 the King's Matie shal be be woon, and the residue 
 of his statiore, end vi other garments of like bignes 
 for torch bearers, w* convenient diligence, so as the 
 
56 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 same be in arredynes against Sondaye next at the 
 uttermost, for whiche purpose his grace have co- 
 maunded me to write these my l'res toyo' accord- 
 ingly, ffrom Westm'r the v th daye of februarie. 
 Your loving frende, 
 
 Mychaell Stanhope. 
 To my verai loving frende S r 
 Thomas Cawerden, knight. 
 
 (24.) 
 
 The Lord Paget to Sir Thomas Cawarden. The Venetian 
 Ambassador requests the loan of some " masking geer." 
 
 Mr. Carden, 
 I commend me unto you. And wheras th'ambas- 
 sado r of Venice desireth to have certaine masking 
 apparaill to occupy for his pleasur, and for that 
 purpose hath prayed me to helpe him to some ap- 
 paraill to serve his torne, I thought good herby 
 to pray you of suche masking gere as remayneth 
 in yo r custody, to helpe to furnishe him as youe 
 may for a night accordingly. Wherby you shall 
 do me pleasure. And so I byd you farewell. 
 fTrom the Sterr Chamber this tuysday the xi th of 
 fFebruary 155 . . 
 
 Yo r loving ffrende, 
 
 Wili/m Paget. 
 
 To my loving ffrend Sir Thomas 
 Carden, knight, and in his absence * 
 to Mr. Holt, at the blackfriers. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 5/ 
 
 (25.) 
 
 The Council to Sir Thomas Cawarden. Furniture and apparel 
 to be delivered to the King's Players, in order to their 
 playing before him on Christmas Day, 1551. 
 
 After our hartie com'endac'ons. Theis be to 
 require yo u to delyver to the bringer hereof, one 
 of the Kings Ma'ties pleyers, oute of the store in 
 your charge, soche apparell and other foray tu re as 
 theye shall have nede of, for their playeing before 
 the King's Ma'tie this Christmas, taking order w* 
 them for the save garde therof, as yo' shall thinke 
 convenie't. So fare yo' well. rTro' Grenewiche on 
 Christmas daye a 1551. 
 
 Yo r loving frends, 
 Winchester. NorthuVrland. J. Bedford. 
 Pembroke. T. Darcy. 
 
 W. Cecyll. 
 To our loving frende S r 
 Thomas Carden, knight. 
 
 (26.) 
 
 The Council to Sir Thomas Cawarden. He is to prepare and 
 put in order apparel for two personages, who are to play a 
 dialogue before the King on 6th January (Twelfth Night) 
 1551. This warrant, dated from St. Laurence Pountney, 
 seems to have been written at one of the recently suppressed 
 religious-houses. Stow tells us that the parish church of St. 
 Laurence was increased with a chapel of Jesus by Thomas 
 Cole for a Master and Chaplain ; and that both were made a 
 college of Jesus and of Corpus Christi by John Poultney, 
 
58 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 Mayor, confirmed 20th of Edward III. by that King, and 
 surrendered to the Crown in the reign of Edward VI. Vide 
 Stow's London, p. 414, Edit. 1613. 
 
 Mr. Cawarden, 
 
 After our herty comendac'ons. We shall re- 
 quyre yo u to putt in order and prepare the apparel 
 of two personag's which to morow at night shalle 
 playe a dialoge before the King's Ma tie ; this bearer 
 S r Thomas Chaloner shall declare unto yo u the rest 
 of the matt'r, how they ar to be trymmed, whome 
 we pray yo u credite. ffare ye well from S*. lau- 
 rence pountney v th January 1551. 
 
 Yo r loving ffrends, 
 Winchester. Northu'b'rland. J. Bedford. 
 W. NorthV. G. Cobham. 
 
 To our very loving ffrend S r 
 Thomas Cawarden, knight, oon 
 of the Gentilmen of the King's 
 Ma ts Privey Chamber. 
 
 (270 
 
 Lord Darcy to Sir Thomas Cawarden, He is to deliver to John 
 Birche and John Browne, the King's Interlude Players, such 
 garments as are necessary for their performance before the 
 King on Twelfth Night, 1551. This letter refers to the 
 same occasion as the preceding. 
 
 After most hartie comendac'ons. The king's 
 mat s pleas r is that upon the sight herofye deliv'unto 
 John Birche and John Browne, the king's entre- 
 lude players, bringers berof, suche garments as 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 59 
 
 you shall thinke mete and necessarye for them 
 and ther fellowes to playe an entrelude in before 
 his highnes to morowe at night. And thus most 
 hartely I bid you fare well, ffrom Grenewiche this 
 twelf even (1551) 
 
 Your loving frende 
 
 T. Darcy. 
 To o' loving ffrend S r Thom s Carden, 
 knight, M r of the King's Revells. 
 
 (28.) 
 
 Thomas Copley, Esq. of Gatton, in Surrey, who will be no- 
 ticed in another place, requests the Master of the Revels to 
 lend him secretly for one night one of the Masks in his custody 
 in order to celebrate his marriage, which is to take place on 
 a Sunday at Nonesuch. He speaks of this event in a very 
 melancholy and ungracious manner, and as if, indeed, some 
 revellings would be wanting to enliven it. The Mask bor- 
 rowed of Sir Thomas Cawarden must be understood to be 
 the garments and properties necessary for representing it, 
 and it may be also the MS. plot of the performance. Thus, 
 in another place we found the entry, u furnishing a whole 
 Mask with sarcenet." 
 
 Right w'shipfull, after my dutie remembered (as 
 from one whom y r curtesye and frendshipp hath 
 embowldened at every need to presume one the 
 same) thies maie be to require youe (if conve- 
 nientlie you maie) otherwise I will not require hit, 
 that hit might pleas you secretlie to lend me the 
 use of one of y r masks, for one night ageinst this 
 
60 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 mi marriage, w ch fin ill howre to me) is leke to be 
 solemnized one Sundaie next at Nonsiche. Wher 
 my hoape is I shall see youe, and so I doo most 
 hartelie require youe I may doo. My hoape is 
 ther shall cume no harme of hit. My lady also I 
 woold be verry glade to see ther, if hit maie stand 
 w th h^ commoditee, but if for respect hit seem 
 otherwise, then doo I beseech you that I may see 
 her heer at Gatton the Wensdaie after. At w ch 
 daie I thynke we shall cume home, and her Ladi- 
 shipp shall find heer none but her friends. I 
 woold mi self have awaited upon you this daie, 
 but that I am not able to ryde nor shal be, I fear, 
 this iii or iiij dais, by reason of a strayn w ch I have 
 unhappelie mett w th . I beseche youe, S r , that my 
 dewte may be allso humblie remembred to my 
 goode lady. So expectyng y e present awnswere 
 (if youe shall so thynk meet) I wish unto youe 
 quietnes, w th as fortunat succes in y r affairs as I 
 woold to my self. In hast from Gatton this xviii th 
 of July 1558. By y v assured poor friend to com- 
 maund during life, 
 
 Thomas Copley. 
 
 To the w'shypfull and my singular freend 
 S r Thomas Cawarden geeve thies. 
 
 Sir Henry Jernegan, Captain of the Guard to Queen Mary, 
 to Sir Thomas Cawarden, concerning a Mask to be shewn 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 61 
 
 before King Philip. Jernegan addresses the Knight as 
 plain " Master Carden," who it appears had no masks in rea- 
 diness fit for the King's critical eye, who had seen so many 
 fair and rich beyond the seas. 
 
 Mr, Garden, 
 
 I have declareyd to the quenes nines that yo' 
 
 have no other masks than suche as has byn shewyd 
 
 all redy before the kyng's hynes, and for that he 
 
 hathe syne many fay re and ryche beyend theseys, 
 
 yo' thynke y* not honorable, but that he shuld se 
 
 the lyeke here ; her hynes thyngks yo r consyde- 
 
 reysyon vere good, not w t .standyng sche has 
 
 comVdyd me to wryght to yo' sayyng to me that 
 
 sche knows right well that yo' can make a schyffte 
 
 for ned. Requereng of yo' so to do, and yo shall 
 
 deserve gret thanks at her hynes hands, and yfF 
 
 yo' lacke stuff yo' may have some here at 
 
 hand. I told her yo' lackyd notheng but tyme ; 
 
 but sche trustythe that you wyll take some payns 
 
 for this p'sent, and thus I corny t yo' to God. 
 
 Yo r frend, 
 
 Henry Jernegan. 
 To my very frend Mr. Carden. 
 
 (30.) 
 
 Warrant under Mary's signet and sign manual, commanding 
 the Master of the Revels, Sir Thomas Cawarden, to deliver 
 out necessary garments to the Gentlemen of the Chapel 
 Royal, in order that they may perform a Play before her at 
 her Coronation feast, as has been the custom in the time of 
 her royal progenitors, dated 16th September (1553). Mary 
 was crowned on the 1st of October following. 
 
62 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 Marye the Quene. 
 
 By the Quene. 
 We woll and comaund yow uppon the syght 
 hereof furthw'to make and deliver out of o' revells 
 unto the gentlemen of o' chappell, for a playe to 
 be plaied before us at the feaste of o' coronac'on,* 
 as in times past, hathe bene accustumyd to be 
 done by the gentlemen of the chappell of o' p'ge- 
 nitoures, all suche necessarie garments and other 
 things for the furniture thereof as shal be thought 
 mete and convenient by bill, betwyxt you and too 
 of the sayd gentlemen. So as, the playe finished, 
 suche part of the sayd garments may be restoryd 
 into the office of o' sayd revells as customably here- 
 tofore hath bene restoryd, and this shalbe yo' war- 
 rant in this part Geving under o' signett att o' 
 mano' of Saint James's the xxvi of Septemb' the 
 furst yere of o' rayne. 
 
 To the M' of o' Revells, and other 
 the officers of the same, and to ev'y 
 of the'. 
 
 (31.) 
 
 A warrant dormer from Mary the Queen, addressed to the 
 Master and Yeoman of her Revels, commanding him to deli- 
 ver to Nicholas Udall all such apparel as shall be necessary 
 for him to set forth Dialogues and Interludes before her, for 
 her regal disport and recreation. Udall was a Canon of 
 Windsor, Master of Eton School, and an author of some ce- 
 lebrity in his day. 
 
 * "This play, by reason of deferment, was served at the 
 the Christmas following." Note in one of the Accounts of the 
 Master of the Revels. 
 
THE L0SELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 63 
 
 By the Quene. 
 Marye the Quene. 
 
 Trustie and welbeloved we greete you well. 
 And wheras our welbeloved Nicolas Udall hath at 
 soondrie seasons convenient heretofore shewed, 
 and myndeth hereafter to shewe, his dilligence in 
 setting foorth of Dialogues and Enterludes before 
 us fo' ou' regeil disporte and recreacion, to th'en- 
 tent that he maye bee in the better readinesse at 
 all time whan yt shall be our pleasure to call, we 
 will and comaunde you, and every of you, that at 
 all and every such tyme and tymes, so oft and 
 whan soever he shall nede and require yt, for shew- 
 ing of any thing before us, ye deliver or cause to 
 bee delivered to the said Udall, or to the bringer 
 herof in his name, out of our office of revelles, such 
 apparell for his use as he shal thinke necessarie 
 and requisite for the furnisshinge and condigne 
 setting forthe of his devises before us, and suche 
 as maye bee semely to bee shewed in our royall 
 presence, and the same to be restored and re-de- 
 livered by the said Udall into yo' handes and cus- 
 todie again. And that ye faile not thus to dooe 
 from time to time as ye tendre oure pleasure, till 
 ye shall receive expresse commaundementfromus 
 to the contrary herof. And this shal be your suf- 
 ficient waraunte in this behalf. Geven under our 
 signett the iii daye of Decembre, in the seconde 
 yere of ou' reigne. 
 
 To the maister and yeoman of the 
 office of our Revells for the time 
 being, and to their deputie or depu- 
 ties theire and to ev'ye of them. 
 
64 
 
 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
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THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 65 
 
 (33.) 
 
 Jousts or Tiltings. 
 
 Warrant under the sign manual of Edward VI. Sir Thomas 
 Cawarden is commanded to furnish certain noblemen with 
 stuff for bases, or body cloths for their horses. The beauti- 
 ful outline etchings by Moses which illustrate Johnes's trans- 
 lation of Monstrelet's Chronicles, shew that horses, when 
 decorated with their bases, looked as if they were attired in 
 petticoats. We observe in these papers that Edward does not 
 add the R. to his signature. Was this because he was still in 
 his minority ? We have seen a warrant of a similar nature to 
 the following, under the signet of Elizabeth, which runs, 
 " that you cause to be delivered to Sir Robert Dudeley, 
 Master of our Horsis, twelf yardes of purple velvet, for the 
 making of a sadle," dated 23 Nov. in the first of her reign. 
 
 Edward. 
 We woll and comaunde you, that of suche olde 
 stuf remayning in yo r custodie w'in yo r office of 
 the lievells, ye deliv' or cawseto be delivered unto 
 o' right trustie and welbeloved the Earle of War- 
 wick, S r Henrie Sydney, S r Henrie Nevell, and S r 
 Henrie Gate, knights, suche and so mucheof the 
 said stuf or as otherwyes shall be by them and you 
 thought most meetest and sufficient for the furni- 
 ture of their bases, and as shall appertaigne unto 
 their horses accordingly. And this o r l're shalbe 
 yo r sufficient discharge for the same. At West- 
 minster thes xxiiii th daie of November (1551). 
 
 To o r trustie and welbeloved S r Thomas 
 Garden, knight, M r of the Revells. 
 
 F 
 
6*6 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 (34.) 
 
 Coverings of Bards and Bases, from an Inventory of the Furni- 
 ture of the Revels, 1 Edward VI. Some of these housings 
 were probably, at the time of making the inventory, very 
 ancient. We find them embroidered with the white hart 
 of the second Richard, the blazing suns of Edward IV. 
 the white and red roses, the Tudor dragon, besides various 
 fanciful and romantic devices. 
 
 Covering of Bards and Baces. 
 
 Fyrst, one covering of a Barde of cloth of sylv' and 
 russett vellett, embroderyd with the fawcon and fetterlock, 
 w th rosis of clothe of sylv' imbossed. 
 
 2. One cov'ing of clothe of golde, clothe of sylver, and 
 russet vellett, in panes, embroderyd w h the red dragon and 
 rosis of crymson satten imbossed. 
 
 3. One lyck cov'ing of clothe of sylv r and russett vellett, in 
 panes, embroderyd w th lyons, croAvnes, and sonne beamy s. 
 
 4. One lyck cov'ing of clothe of golde, clothe of sylv' 
 and russett vellett, bering the black bull garnyshed w th 
 golde and whyte roses imbossid. 
 
 5. One lyck cov'ing of clothe of golde and russett vel- 
 lett, plyd (pearled) embroderyd w th a ffawcon and ostriche 
 fethers of sylv' imbossid. 
 
 6. One lyck cov'ing of clothe of sylv' and russett vellett, 
 bering the whyte harte w th a crowne of golde abowte his 
 neck, and a cheyne w th sonne beames of golde imbossid. 
 
 7. Two lyck covings of clothe of golde tissue and purple 
 vellet embroderyd w th a man of armes of sylv' ryding unto 
 a monte, and a lady stondinge in clouds casting darts at 
 him, w th harts and cyfers of golde. 
 
 8. Two large baces of the same stuff and worke. 
 
 9. vi coverings of bards of clothe of golde, whereof iiij 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 67 
 
 are waved w th clothe of golde reysyd w th whyte and red 
 sylk with a border aboute of the king's worde.* 
 
 10. vi baees of the same w'ke and stuff. 
 
 1 1. Twoobaces of clothe of golde reysed w tlx red sylke, 
 tylsent f satten, and black vellett, paned clock wyse. 
 
 12. Twoo baces of clothe of golde, blewe tilsent crymsin 
 and pple vellett in clocks. 
 
 13. Twoo baces of clothe of golde, clothe of sylv' in 
 waves, one halfe having a border of black letters and thoth' 
 half having ii bounde welts of black vellett. 
 
 14. One bace of clothe of golde, clothe of sylv' and rus- 
 sett vellett, embroderyd w th whyte rosis, black bull, and 
 cyfers of golde. 
 
 15. One bace of clothe of golde, clothe of sylv' and rus- 
 sett vellet, embroderyd w th cyfers, ffawcon, ffetyrlock, and 
 rosis of crymsyn satten. 
 
 16. A bace of russett vellett, embrodery d w th flo r s of 
 golde, bering the whyt hynde, and cov'ing for half a barde, 
 of the same stuff and worke. 
 
 (35.) 
 
 Pageants. 
 A memorandum of certain dresses and properties delivered 
 from the Office of the Revels to the City of London, against 
 the Coronation of Edward VI. : no doubt for preparing a 
 street pageant. The parties named in the document were 
 perhaps performers in the show. 
 
 Delyv'd unto Stephyn Cobbe, George Todlowe, and 
 Wyll'm Mostyne, the x th day of ffebruarye, in a reg. Ed. 
 V ti p'mo, for th'use of the Cytie of London, agaynst the Co- 
 ronacon, theis p'cells folowyng, to be renderyd agayne 
 unto the Office of the Revells, when that y* shalbe re- 
 
 * Dieu et Mon Droit. 
 
 t This word of frequent recurrence is synonimous with tin- 
 sel, a kind of shining cloth. 
 
 F 2 
 
68 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 quyred, viz. two cotts of hanchemen, of tynsyll and crym- 
 syn vellvett, panyd together. 
 
 It'rn, three garments for women, of grave golde sarse- 
 nett, p'ffyte (puffed) w* whyt sarsnett. 
 
 It'm, ffoure garments for woomen, of whyte and 
 greane s'cenett, bended w* theyr f'g (qu. fitting?) sleves.f 
 
 It'm, one kyrtell, fore parte and backe parte of crym- 
 syn tylsett, lyned w* reade satten of Bruges. 
 
 It'm, upper bodyes for the same of crymson clothe of 
 golde, w l woorke w* longe sieves puffyd uppon w fc whit 
 s'cenett armys. 
 
 It'm, under sieves of yelowe golde s'cenett, reived 
 w th w hyt sylke. 
 
 It'm, one longe garment, blewe s'cenett fryngyd 
 yelowe of yt self, a cape purpull velvett fryngyd w 1 golde. 
 
 It'm, a longe garmente of reade boytlyn garded stoole 
 woorke. A cape tynsell for the same. 
 
 It'm, one spyre J for Astronomye. 
 
 * In Mr. J. G. Nichols's work on London Pageants (p. 46), 
 we find a notice of the procession of King Edward VI. from the 
 Tower to Westminster, in progress to his Coronation, on which 
 occasion the articles enumerated in this list were required. 
 Henchmen are mentioned in the cavalcade, "on goodly coursers, 
 riding bareheaded, apparelled in cassocks parted in the midst, 
 one half cloth of gold, the other cloth of silver." The above de- 
 scription of the cassocks or tabards worn by the henchmen, ex- 
 plains the expression derived from the Latin pannus, which de- 
 scribes them as "panyd" or joined together as one piece of cloth. 
 
 f These female dresses might be for the four children repre- 
 senting Grace, Nature, Fortune, and Charity, who pronounced 
 a benediction upon the King at the Great Conduit in Cheap. 
 —See ibid. p. 48. 
 
 X Read " sphere,"- or globe. At the fountain in Cheap stood 
 persons representing " Sapience, and the seven liberal Sciences, 
 Grammar, Logic, Arithmetic, Rhetoric, Geometry, Music, and 
 Astronomy. Ibid. p. 48. 
 
THE L0SELEY MANUSCRIPTS. £9 
 
 It'm, a neyther garmente, from the gyrdell downe, blevve 
 and whyte bawdkyn, garded w t gylde stole woork, the fore 
 plackett greene tylsett. 
 
 It'm, an upper shorte garmente to the same, of crymson 
 satten, garded w* yelowe boytlyn, w* blewe and whit 
 bawdkyn sieves, under sieves of newemakyng (Nimcguen ?) 
 satten, w* byrdes yes (eyes), blewe and yelowe, cutt and 
 lyned wyth whyt sercenette. 
 
 Wyll'm Mustyn.* 
 
 (36.) 
 
 Miscellaneous Extracts from various Accounts relating to 
 the Office of the Revels. 
 
 (The King's Revels, anno 31 f Henry 8.) — A co- 
 maundement gevyn by the King's grace unto Sir Anthony 
 Browne, and so unto John Bridges, in his gracious (i. e. 
 his Grace's) pallais of Westm r the 30 l11 day of December, to 
 p'payre, ordeyne, and make in a redynesse sertayne gar- 
 ments or apparell for a play J to be don by the children of 
 
 * The endorsement of one of the players, acknowledging the 
 receipt of the above properties from the Office of the Revels. 
 
 f The numerals in the originals are all in the Roman cha- 
 racter. 
 
 I Fitz-Stephen, who wrote about the latter part of the twelfth 
 century, alludes to dramatic performances of a sacred charac- 
 ter, miracle plays, and seems to draw a contrast in their favour 
 with the dramas of Greece and Rome, speaking more as a su- 
 perstitious monk than a critic. About the reign of Henry VI. 
 the pieces called Morals or Moralities appear to have been first 
 performed, and in that of Henry VII. there were two sets of 
 players attached to the royal household, the children of the 
 
/O THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 the chapell before the king, on newe yeres daye, at his gra- 
 cious hono r of Grenewich after supper. 
 
 Some of the items are; 4 jerkins of white damask; 4 
 pair of sloppes of ditto ; 4 caps of ditto ; 4 white feathers 
 for the 4 caps at 15 d. the piece ; a long garment of red da- 
 mask; white kersey,for the nether hose and socks, two yards 
 at 2s. Ad. 
 
 A similar command to John Bridges to prepare garments 
 for masks to be holden in his gracious pallais of Westmin- 
 ster on Shrove Monday 20 FebY at night after supper, and 
 another on Shrove Tuesday at the same time. 
 
 Some of the items : 8 felts for the same mask at 6d. 
 the piece, 4s.; 4 wreaths for the same of red and white 
 sarcenet at 2 s. 6d. the y'd, 10s. ; spent upon the drums, 
 6 yards of blue sarcenet. 8 workmen half a day and half 
 a night, at 6 d. each ; 4 girdles for the 4 gentlemen doing 
 service with lights. 
 
 (Revels and masks at Hampton Court 28 Henry 8.) — 
 8 felts like helmets, for men at arms, 2s. the piece, 16s.; 
 12 vizards with long beards, at 7s. 6d. 4/. 10s. : 8 vizards 
 for torchbearers at 12^. 8s. 
 
 8 buskins, 23 pair of shoes of cloth of bawdkyn ; to the 
 milliner, for 7 hats of the same, at Is. 4 d. the piece, 9s. Ad. 
 
 6 cow bells, 2s. ; wages of 8 painters, painting halberts, 
 stockings, helmets, daggers, &c. at 12c?. per diem, 2Ss. ; 48 
 antique heads set on the knees, shoulders, backs, and 
 breasts of the men at arms. 
 
 Chapel, and the Players of Interludes. Disguisings or Subleties, 
 Mummeries or public processions in assumed characters suit- 
 ably attired, Pageants, &c. were occasionally accompanied by 
 dialogue. The transition from these to the regular drama was 
 easy on the revival of learning in the sixteenth century, 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 71 
 
 (Charges of the King's Revels and Masks on Shrove Sun- 
 day and Tuesday at Westm 1 *, 38 Henry 8.)— 6 ells of white 
 sarcenet for 8 parteletts (i. e. ruffs) 30s. ; past-paper for the 
 mytres of that mask 4s. ; 5 yards of narrow taffata for the 
 two bodies of the mariner's mask, 2s. 6d. the yard, 1 2s. 8d. ; 
 12 ells of lockram for the collars about the neck, the cuffs 
 at the hands, and about the waist, and about the small of the 
 legs, 8d. the ell, 8s.; for 8lb. of bumbast* to the bodies of the 
 same maiske, at \2d. the lb. 8s. ; 8 vizars for the monstrous 
 torch-bearers, and 8 heads, at 5 s. the piece, 40s. ; 16 yards 
 of horse mane for the same torch-bearers, 20s.; 8 dog- 
 chains for the same, at 4 d. 2s. Sd. ; narrow tape for part- 
 letts and sloppes 16d. ; 3 gross of points, at 3s. the gross, 
 9s.; 8 trunks (bodies) with necks, at 6d. ; 8 pair of legs 
 made with rods 10s.; 8 brests made with rods, 4d. the piece, 
 2s. 8d. ; 8 trunks standing upon staves 5s. 4c?. ; 8 feathers 
 made of rods, at 2d. the piece, I6d. ; 8 broaches gilt with party 
 gold for the hats of the Almaynes masks 4s. ; 8 staves with 
 roses and flower de lys, embossed and gilt with partie gold 
 and silver 20s. ; for dressing of wickers for 8 monsters, 
 with linen clothe and scales of count' (counterfeit) gold, 
 silver, green, and red paper 106s. 7d. ; for 6 Emperor's 
 arms for gilding and silver upon rose- 
 mary. To the king's pleyers, in rewards for loan of gar- 
 ments 5s. 
 
 To the wardens of St. Pulcre's (St. Sepulchre's), for the 
 loan of certain frames for pageants 5s. ; to Lucas Horne- 
 holte, painter, for painting with black upon paper, of 3 
 bulls and 3 small rolls 5 s. 
 
 Masks and Revels at Hampton Court, 35 Henry 8.) — 
 6 laborers to bear 2 chests from Westminster palace to 
 
 * Cotton to stuff garments, the word is derived from the Ita- 
 lian bombagia. The Prince addresses Falstaff as his " sweet crea- 
 ture of bombast." Vide Henry the Fourth, part 1, act 2, scene 4. 
 
72 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 the Rounsevail,* 12c?. ; ii lb of wire spent upon women and 
 men's heads, 2s.; coopers, for certain hoops, 6s. 8d. ; 2 car 
 loads from Warwick Tnn to Poules Wharf, 8 d. ; a 
 wherry, to fetch the children's geer, 7*« 4 d. ; 8 yards of 
 white cotton, for rolls to the Turk's heads, at *]d. the 
 y d , 4s. 8c?.; 71b. wool to stuff them, at 8 d. 4s. 8c?.; turner, 
 for 16 doz. of knopped pers (piers with knobs), 16 doz. 
 round knoppes, 58 doz. buttons, at 6 d. the doz. ; car- 
 riage of stuff from London to Hampton Co* 20s. ; 6 men to 
 unlade and lay it up, 18 days, 12s.; carriage from water 
 side to Warwick Inn 8c?. ; 1 doz. black feathers spangled f 
 with gold, 2s. the piece ; 5 doz. crane feathers, with gold 4s. 
 the doz. 20s.; 4 round feathers, red and yallow, 4s. ; 2 queirs 
 of paper 86?.; 10 bundles brown paper 6s. 8d.; 6 m. party 
 gold, 16s. 8d. per m. £5; rosin, wool, rosett 12lbs. 2s.; 
 red lead, 6lb. Is. 6d. ; Spanish white, 12lbs. 4c?.; gold and 
 silver, green and red paper, Brasile 12c?.; taillis 3s. ; to 
 (tow) 12c?. ; pasted burde 12c?. ; 8 bowes 2s. 8c?.; 8 quevers 
 8s. ; wages to painters, Nich s Lezard 1 8d. per diem ; some 
 at 12c?. some at 10c?. some at 9c?. 
 
 Charges of stuff and workmanship " of patrons for coots, 
 cloks, and gerkins, made for the king's highness, before his 
 grace went over sea last ;" and of the Revels 36 Henry 8. 
 Mark Myliner for 42 y'ds of striped lawne with gold 
 and red a' 3s. 4c?. 7 1 * ; paste work and painting, Nicholas 
 Lizarde, painter,- for gyldinge under garments for wo- 
 men, of white and blue sarcenet, with party gold and silver 
 £4 ; 8 pastes for women 20c?. ; 8 long heads for women, 
 made of past gilded, with party gold and silver 43s. 4c?. ; 8 
 
 * The suppressed hospital of Our Lady of Ronscevalles, at 
 Charing Cross, a Cell of the Priory and Convent of Ronsce- 
 valles, in Navarre. 
 
 f " Ouches and Spangs as they are of no great cost, so they 
 are of most glory." Lord Bacon's Essay on Masques and Tri- 
 umphs. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 7 3 
 
 staves with snakes 245. ; 16 vizars, gold and silver 40s. ; 8 
 hoods 535. Ad. ; for heere (hair) bought 85. 
 
 (38 Henry VIII.) — Payment by Nich s Bristowe, esquyer, 
 for the charges of the king's masks and revels, at th'onor 
 of Hampton, from 16th July to 6th Sept r , the Admiral of 
 France being there, with other nobles from thence. 
 
 John Large, of Paris, merchant, parcels bought of him 
 and del d at Hampton Co te , 200 y ds of gold and silver lawn 
 a' 25. Ad.-, 16 doz. vesars (vizards) of sundry fashions, at 
 205. the doz. 
 
 Henry West, of Crooked Lane, girdeler, for 8 greate 
 chaynes of latten, for torche-berers, 225. 8d. 
 
 Nich'as Modena, paynt', for garments of here upon le- 
 ther, for wildme',* to s've for torche-berers, w th theyr hed 
 peces, staves, andclubbes, takin in great for all, 15 !i . 
 
 Gilding chains and iron balls for buttons, painting clubs 
 green, gilding the hilts of falchions, painting the scabbards, 
 3 doz. of long coppid felts (i. e. broad brimmed hats) a' 7s. 
 the doz. 21s. 
 
 (1 Edward VI.) — Charges of removing the King's 
 Revels and Masks, with appurtenances, from Warwick 
 Inn to the late dissolved house of Blackfriars ; also new 
 making and altering sundry masks and garments for 
 players, against the Coronation of o' sov. lord Edw d 6, 
 from 1 st to 28 Feb. 
 
 * Satyrs, or savage green men, so much in vogue in the mimic 
 entertainments of this period. One of these giants of the woods 
 welcomed Elizabeth on her visit to Kenilworth. They bore a 
 prominent part in masques, they stood in sculptured portraiture 
 at the portals of the great, they were the whifflers or marshal- 
 men in pageants and processions, when their ponderous gnarled 
 or bristly maces were charged with fire-works. — See the Editor's 
 account of the Grove House, Woodford, Gent. Mag. for 1833, 
 vol. cm. part ii. p. 393, and his notice of them in a Review, 
 ibid. 1834, vol. 1. p. 413. See also a subsequent item, p. 86. 
 
74 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 Paynting. John Simson, paynter, for gilding and paint- 
 ing in sondry colors, of 20 fachells * and holmats, for 
 maskers, at \2d. the pece, 20s. ; for painting and gilding 8 
 javelins staves, and 4 pilgrimes staves, at \Qd. the pece, 
 10s. ; and for a great pastburde, gyldyd vv t fyne golde, for 
 the making of crownes and crosse for the Poopef in playe, 
 3s. Ad. 
 
 To Will'm Tayllor, haberdassher, for making 3 caps of 
 crimson and black satten, for prests in play, taking \2d. 
 for every one, the king finding stuff, a doble turff cappe of 
 vellett white and grene chekyd, making a little hed pece 
 for a play of sylv' lawne, and a hed pece of black tylsent 
 brother'd (i. e. embroidered) a' \2d. the pece. 
 
 To Nych'as Modena, stranger, for as well his owne 
 wages and 22 other carvers' wages, workeing upon the 
 mouldy d w'ke appertayning to the mount, J as also for clay, 
 
 * Fawchells in another place. Qu. small daggers ? a dimi- 
 nutive of falchions. 
 
 f In ridicule of the Pope, as the next item is of the Popish 
 priests. 
 
 + The mount was probably the same apparatus for a pageant 
 which had been employed some forty years before, in the 
 reign of Henry VIII. and had been laid up in the store of the 
 Revels as a valuable piece of machinery. Hall's description of 
 the artificial mount is as follows: " Agaynste the xii daye, or 
 the day of the Epiphanie, at nighte, before the banket in the 
 Hall at Richemond, was a pageaunt devised like a mountayne 
 glisteringe by night, as though it had bene all of golde, and 
 set with stones ; on the top of which mountayne was a tree of 
 golde, the braunches and bowes frysed with golde, spredynge 
 on every side over the mountayne with roses and pomegarnettes. 
 The which mountain was with vices (screws) brought up towardes 
 the Kynge, and out of the same came a ladye apparelled in 
 cloth of golde, and the chyldren of honor, called the henche- 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 75 
 
 plaster parys, sewett, whyte paper, flower, glewe, syes, 
 wax, here, colis (i.'e. coals) for drying, with other necessaries. 
 
 Joyners working upon the making of the mount, taking 
 it downe at the Black Fryers, framing it againe w th in the 
 saintory (sanctuary) at Westm r , taking it down there, set- 
 ting up in the king's hall, taking down, carrying and set- 
 ting up agayne at the late Black Fryers. Sum 21. 14s. 8 d. 
 
 John Simson, painter, for gilding with partie gold 3 
 ropes for branches of the hall, at 10s. the pece, 30s. ; 
 paynting of the mounte, repairing the braunchis 70s. ; and 
 paynting of 34 hedds and coots (coats) for antique boyes 
 app'tayning to the said mounte 20s. — Sum' 61. 
 
 Sum of all the charges of the mount, and of the paynt- 
 ing-of the roofis and braunchis for the hall (of the palace 
 at Westminster) 34/. 18s. Id. 
 
 In a list of " Masking garments for men," are these 
 items : — 8 large coopes or mantells of clothe of golde tissue, 
 blewe, fryngyd about the skyrts and over the back w th 
 colen (Cologne) sylv' w th a caape of whyte s'cen*, pow- 
 deryd, the vents lyned w th whyte s'cen*. 
 
 men, whiche were freshly disguised, and danced a morice be- 
 fore the Kyng, and that done, re-entred the mountaine -, and 
 then it was drawen backe, the wassail or bankit brought in, 
 and so brake up Christmas." — Chronicle (reprint), p. 517. 
 
 We remember a German of the household of the late 
 Queen Caroline, making what he termed a Christmas tree 
 for a juvenile party at that festive season. The tree was a 
 branch of some evergreen fastened on a board. Its boughs 
 bent under the weight of gilt oranges, almonds, &c. and under it 
 was a neat model of a farmhouse, surrounded by figures of 
 animals, &c. and all due accompaniments. The forming Christ- 
 mas trees is, we believe, a common custom in Germany : evi- 
 dently a remain of the pageants constructed at that season in 
 ancient days. 
 
76 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 8 gownes or und r garmentes of playne clothe of sylver 
 chekeryd upon w tlx red s'cenet, w th squares of grene satten 
 in the same, w th sieves of clothe of sylver ; 8 upp' gar- 
 ments, clooks, or skaplers, for the same, of yelowe and 
 blewe baudkyn. 
 
 8 coots for Turks of clothe of golde, w tb w'ke, viz* 
 p'ple, black, and grene, gardyd upon palywyse w th blew 
 s'cenet, longe sieves of cloth of gold and blewe satten, 
 th'under sieves of red and whyte s'cenet, lozunge weys ; 
 8 hed pec's to the same, Turke fashion, of blewe, red, 
 and yelowe s'cenet. 
 
 8 shorte garments or cassocks for fawkeners, w th wyde 
 sieves endented, lyned with grene satten, 4 of them of 
 clothe of golde, black, w th chevrons, one of grene tylsent 
 damaske sylver chevronyd upon w th grene velvet, th'under 
 sieves of grene tilsent damaske sylver, su' of them cuffyd 
 at the hands, w th vellet whyte and grene cheeky d, and 
 hed pees to the same, made lewer wyse of red gold s'cen*, 
 trymyd w th whyte reband, s'cen*, and capons fethers ; 8 
 greate baggs of whyte fustyan w th doble rings ; 8 riche 
 lewers to the same of sundry making. 
 
 2 garments for fryers, w th the hudds of vellett upon 
 vellett russet, perlyd w th golde ; two coffs of damask golde 
 flatt ; four lyck coffs damask gold stole w'k, one coyf, sylk, 
 womans w'ke Venys gold. 
 
 7 vezars for Allmaynes, w th berds of damaske golde ; . . . 
 ffachells of wood payntyd, 23 holmets, 6 pilgrymes staves, 
 8 holbarts, 6 shephooks, 6 roundes for extronomie, 8 jave- 
 lyn staves payntyd, 8 macs (maces) payntyd. 
 
 2 hatts of crymsin satten, rewed w th sylver. 
 
 Masking garments for women : First, one kyrtell coat, 
 fore p'te and back p'te of blewe vellet, stripyd w th golde, 
 ffryngd w th silke and lyned w th s'c'n't, w th one pair of fore 
 sieves of crymsyn satten, rewed and reysyd w th gold. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 77 
 
 Two kyrtyll coats, fore pte and back pte of pple til- 
 sent, fringed w th golde and lyned w th blewe Briges satten, 
 twoo pair of foresleves of the same. 
 
 8 Italian gownes for wome' w th ruff sieves, 4 ditto 
 of flatt clothe of golde, stryped w th sylv r , cheveronyd 
 upon w h crymsyn satten, w th labells or pendants of 
 yelowe s'cen't, hanging of great tassells at the skyrts, the 
 neth r base cut upon whyte s'cen* shott, 4 of flatte clothe 
 of sylv' striped w th golde, w th ruffe sieves, neth r sieves, la- 
 bells, tassells, chevornes, as th'oth' fyrst 4, the neth' skyrts 
 of clothe of golde tissue blewe; 8 coyffs of Venys golde, 
 w th th r peruks of here hanging to them, and longe labells 
 of coleryd lawne. 5 coyffs of venys golde w th peruks of here. 
 
 Two garments for frowes of whyte sylv' s'cen't, the 
 sieves paned upon w th clothe of golde, the colar gardyd 
 w th clothe of golde ) two frocks und r the same, w'hout 
 sieves, of black tilsent; two ptletts of crymsin satten, 
 rewed w th sylv r gardyd w th grene vellett ; twoo gyrdells to 
 the same of black vellet edged w th pcemayne gold (lace 
 worked with the hand) ; two hed pecs to the same. 
 
 8 garments for Moores, of whyte sylv r lawne, w th 
 wyde sieves, gardyd aboute skyrts, sieves, and colers, and 
 overthwarte w tlj clothe of golde and tilsent ; 8 hed pecs 
 or coyffs to the same of lyck stuff, having puks of here 
 ev'ry of them. 
 
 2 frocks or und' garments for Egipcyans of tawny 
 tilsent w th sieves ; two shorte mantells for Egipcyans of 
 crymson golde baudkyn, fringed w tlx colen sylver ; twoo 
 hed peces of the same of sondry color lawne ; two chil- 
 derne to the same, redy trym'd, having coyffs of Venys 
 gold ; 8 coyffs of golde and sylver lawne, sondrye colors ; 
 13 p r of fore sieves, new, of sundry colo r lawne; 8 ptletts 
 of sylver lawne, 2 trymd w th Venys golde, 4 stonderds, one 
 black cheste bound w th irone, 2 other chests unbound. 
 
<8 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 Remaynyng in the lesser blake cheste in the store howese. 
 First, 2 coyfTes of goldsmyth's worked sylv' and gylte ; 
 3 sylver and gylte stoole woorke; 1 towell of moryske 
 woorke, wrought w th gold and silke w th four handker- 
 cheves of the same woorke,* wherof one ys reade ; a shert 
 of cambryke wrought w th damask golde and silv' the coler, 
 breste, and fore sieves % one frocke w th sieves and greate 
 wyde hangyng sieves of black tynsell, brochid (clasped), 
 colere, capp, and edges furred with jennetts and catts, 
 (skins) w* one head pece after th'olde fashion, of purpull 
 gold s'cenet. 
 
 It'm, one frock of tawny tylsent, broched w l sieves, a 
 lytell cape and edging aboute w* cloth silv' ; one gowne 
 and cappe pryste fashion of crymson satten; one jerkyn 
 yelow w t ruff sieves, th'under sieves greane vellet garded 
 w* tylsent, w* one cappe to the same of crymsen satten. 
 
 It'm, one lyke jerken, of greane vellett garded w th tyl- 
 sent, antique, w l one under sieve of yelowe vellett and one 
 cape doble turtle of grene satten, w* one false face, to be 
 set to of yelowe vellett, garded w* a cutt garde of crymson 
 satten. 
 
 It'm, one gyrkyn, one peyre of buskyns, one skabarde, 
 and one cappe of vellett, whit and greane cheked (i. e. 
 checquered) garnyshed w* gold s'cenett. 
 
 It'm, one cotte w l great cumpas q'ters of greane da- 
 maske, th'under sieves of blake cloth golde, w* chev'ones, 
 w l one button cappef to the same of crymson satten. 
 
 * These rich handkerchiefs of Moorish work will remind 
 the reader of Othello's present to his wife, from the loss of 
 which Iago drew so strong a confirmation of his jealousy. 
 
 t From the capricious nature of the spelling in these ac- 
 counts, we are often somewhat at a loss to determine whether 
 caps (bonnets for the head) or capes to garments are intended. 
 In this entry a cape to the coat, with great compass quarters, is 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 79 
 
 Fees,* — It'm, one long frocke w l sieves of whit gold 
 s'cenett. 
 
 It'm, one wyndyng sheete of Incarnac'on lawne,f stryped 
 w* crosses of crymson satten, w l one antique head peace of 
 crymson satten and blew sarcenett. 
 
 (Shrovetide, 2 Edw d . VI.) — Charges as well translating 
 of masking garments and making of 4 new masks, one for 
 men, one for young women, two for women, carrying from 
 the Blackfriars to Greenwich, and re-carrying, as also in 
 making an oven J for the king's players. 
 
 6 hed pieces for women, with hair and flax, taken by 
 convention (contract) at 10s. each; 8 y'ds of black vellett 
 at 10s. 6d. for 8 pair of long gloves above the elbow, for 
 Mores, and labells for the nether § bag of one garment ; 
 white, yellow, and blue sarcenet, for making and lining 
 certain masking garments ; " tuning and garding other, and 
 for makyng of rolls, wrethes, and gyrdells." 
 
 Launcelot Strong, glover, for making the above gloves, 
 Sd. the pair ; also for making 6 pair of gloves of " gotts 
 skynes " for the same, a' Sd. the pair, and for 6 goat skins 
 for the same gloves, a' lOd. 5s. 
 
 probably meant. The miserable and affrighted taylor in Catharine 
 and Petruchio, when the latter audits his bill, in the charge for 
 a loose bodied gown with a small compass cape, trunk sleeves, 
 curiously cut, confesses "the cape." See Catharine and Petru- 
 chio, act 4, scene 3. 
 
 * These, as many other items in this account, are marked 
 " Fees ;" i. e. that they had been re-purchased, I suppose, of 
 the wearers, as such. See a subsequent item, p. 83. 
 
 f Qu. flesh-coloured lawn ? 
 
 X What this edifice was, is not easy precisely to define. Was 
 it a property introduced in some interlude ? 
 
 § " Base" in another account. 
 
80 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 Iron wyre 5 d the lb.; latton wyer 6c?. the lb.; caps of 
 coarse budge at 8c?. the piece. Pynes 3000 at 10c?. 
 
 Will'm Hobson, haberdasher, 12 doz. bells to hang upon 
 the labels of the Mores' garments 9s. 6d.* 
 
 To John Sturgeon, ironmonger, for di m 1 englyshe taks 
 6d. ; for makyng the oven for the kyng's players. 
 
 John Guye, for 2 doz. di. black goat skins for Moors, at 
 10s. the doz. 25s. 
 
 Rob 1 Arras, joyner, timber for 7 darts, hire of his ser- 
 vants 6 days, making of swords, helmets, and also an oven 
 for the king's players 26s. 
 
 John Symson and Walter Grome, paynters, for making 
 of 2 patrons (patterns) for masks 10s.; payntyng of 12 
 swords a' 10d.; d° darts a' 10c?. for c party golde, 22d.; 
 for coloryng of the here of a whole mask of women, pow- 
 dering of 8 robes 2s. 6d. 
 
 Nicholas Modena, moulder, for 6 heads of heres (hair) 
 for masks, a' 10s., 60s. ; trimming, colors, and lyning 16 vy- 
 sowres, at 12c?., 16s. 
 
 Mark Myliner, a white saten night cap, for a patron. 
 John Holte, yoman, for money by him laid out for h're 
 of a bardge on Shrove twesday from the Blackfriars to 
 Green wich 6s. 8c?; d° from Greenwich to the Black Friars 
 again 6s. ; for a whyre (wherry) to carry one mask of 
 women from the Black Friars to Greenw ch , and charges 
 
 * The Moors here mentioned were probably representatives 
 of the genuine Morisco or Morris Dancers. It is supposed with 
 much probability that this dance was brought into England 
 about the year 1332, when John of Gaunt returned from Spain. 
 Their persons were decorated with numerous bells, of which the 
 item is an example. It will be seen by this and numerous other 
 entries in these accounts, that attempts at appropriate costume 
 in amusements of a dramatic character is no modern invention. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 81 
 
 there by night 2s. ; 2 whyres ditto for a mask of men, with 
 M r Hall and his men 3s. 
 
 To Anthony Toto,* s'geante paynto', in rewarde for his 
 paynes takyng by the space that this workyng lasted, in 
 drawyng of patrons for the masks 205. Soft p holte (i. e. 
 paid by Holt) £82. 15s. 
 
 (X'mas, 2 R. Edw. VI. from 26 Sept.)— Charges for 
 translating of garments for torchbearers, with the border- 
 ing one whole mask with sarsenet bought for the same. 
 
 To John Holt, yoman, for money by hym layd oute, 
 viz. for 17 ells hollande clothe for albes, surplyces, and 
 headclothes, at 13 J. the ell, 18s. 5c?.; for 20 shetts paper, 
 gylte, sylver, greane, and reade, for the Kyng's crowne, 
 and a trypped (triple) crowne, at 2d. the sheate, 3s. Ad. ; 
 for 6 lb. candells 12 d., for di. m. threade of divers colors, 
 1 8d. ; for the water-caryage of hangyngs from the blake 
 ffryers to the co te at Westm', and the recarriage of the 
 same, 20d. ; for the makyng of a dragon of 7 heads, w* 
 allnecess' to it, 30s.; for a doz. heares and beards, at 2s. Ad. 
 the pece, 28s. 
 
 (X'mas, 3 Edw. VI.) — Translating and new making 
 garments for maskers, torchbearers, players, with car- 
 riage to Westm'r, in X'mas holidays, &c. &c. 
 
 John Hutchinson, haberdasher. 9 felts for hermytts, 
 and covering the same, by great 12s. 
 
 * Anthony Toto del Nuntiato was also Serjeant Painter to 
 King Henry VIII. He was one of those Italian artists whom 
 the King (who greatly patronized pictorial talent) induced to 
 enter into his service He had endeavoured to enlist even Ra- 
 phael and Titian in the number. " Toto's works," says Wal- 
 pole, " are all lost or unknown, his fame, with that of his asso- 
 ciates, being eclipsed by the lustre of Holbein." See Anecdotes 
 of Painting, vol, i. p. 94. 
 
82 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 Grene, coffer maker, 8 lanthornes for the hermytts, 
 6s. 8d. 
 
 Jenyns, plum' (plumassier). 8 feathers for the launce 
 knyghts, and hatts, by great, 20s. 
 
 Sir Thomas Cawarden, for money laid out for gold skins 
 and gold and silver paper for girdles, 7s. 8d. and for vysers 
 305.— 37s. Sd, 
 
 Rob't Huson, 2 pieces of popinjaye greane 49s. 
 
 Anthony Fenner, tumour, for 9 great bead stones 
 coloured 13s. Ad, for 9 little bowls 8c?., and 8 palmers 
 staves 5s. 4d.* — 19s. 4d. 
 
 * The maskers in this list must have represented some ro- 
 mantic story. Here are anchorites, or hermits ; a well-known 
 order of recluse in the Romish times, confined to oratories 
 placed near sacred fountains, at the foot of bridges, and in wild 
 and romantic situations, where they were supposed to pass their 
 time in prayer, in holy and philosophic meditation ; lance- 
 knights, whose occupation need not be defined ; and palmers, 
 or pilgrims to the Holy Land. The attire and properties of 
 some of these characters may be almost made out in detail 
 by the items. Sir Walter Raleigh, in the little poem called 
 his Pilgrimage, gives a lively sketch of a Christian pilgrim, 
 keeping the attire of these ancient devotionists in his eye : 
 
 " Give me my scallop-shell of quiet, 
 
 My staff' of faith to walk upon, 
 My scrip of joy, immortal diet, 
 
 My bottle of salvation, 
 My goivn of glory (Hope's true gage) , 
 And then I'll take my pilgrimage. 
 Blood must be my body's only balmer. 
 
 No other balm will here be given, 
 Whilst my soul, like a quiet palmer, 
 
 Travelleth towards the land of Heaven, 
 Over the silver mountains 
 Where spring the nectar fountains, 
 
 There will 1 kiss the bowl of bliss," &c. 
 
 Remains, London, A657, p. 194. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 83 
 
 To Waplett, the payntour, for painting of 9 globes, at 
 lOd. the pece; gylting 22 bowls at Id.; writing of 9 
 pieces of canvas to be sown on the garment's baggs 9d. ; 
 for coloring 9 fryers' gerdells at Id. ; painting 12 fawchins 
 at \2d; 12 helms at 12^.; 10 pylgrymes' staves at lOd. — 
 Sum 43s. 2d. , 
 
 John Holte, yoman, for money laid out, a doz. candles 
 6s. 8 d. ; 2|ib. bl'k thread 3s. 2d. ; for whip cord and paste 
 for the hermits eares, \2d.; for di. a lb. of colored threadlO^.; 
 for m 1 m 1 m 1 pins 2s. 6d. ; for straw to stuff the bags, Ad. ; 
 for string and cruel for tarssells and bottons for hermitts 
 hatts 2s. Sd.; for 4 payer of showes for Almanes 2s. ; for 
 russhes for the store house 12 J. ; for tallwood and billetts 
 9s. ; for the hyre of a carre to Westm r , and wayting ther 2 
 nights and recarying the masks 4s. ; layde oute for bote 
 hyre to Westm r , and to the black fryers agayne, at son- 
 drye tymes abowte the masks, 1 6d. 
 
 To Rob* Bruer, Thom s Phenixe, and Thom s Curson, w* 
 other two, (drumes and ffyfTe) in reward, for that they re- 
 stored theyr garments the 2 nights that the mask was, 
 10s. a piece, 50s. To Felstead, for the making 9 globes, 
 with all things necessary for theyr making, at I6d. the 
 pece. To Thom s Blakesmythe, for 8 hylts for palmers' 
 staves, a' Sd. the pece. 
 
 Items extracted from an account intituled, " New mak- 
 inge, translatinge, garnishinge, and furnishinge of divers 
 and sondrye garments, apparell, vestures, and properties, 
 as well for the King's Majestie in his persone as hisyonge 
 Lordes, and divers plaies and persones for plaies and 
 other pastimes done and shewed in his graces presence, 
 with often change and alterac'on of the same, to serve his 
 majesties pleasure and determinac'on from tyme to tyme, 
 as the same was comaunded at Christmas anno quarto, and 
 
 g2 
 
84 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 Shrovetide in anno quinto of his reigne, and the plaies 
 and other pastimes, as well of the king's bardes, bases, 
 caparisons, and hangings belonging to the Revells, for the 
 save guard of the same, all which were made, translated, 
 fynyshed, and ayred (aired) between 23 d of December, in 
 the said fourth year, and the last of July, in the said fifth 
 yere of his raigne. 
 
 Maskes, plaies, and other pastimes. — 2 women's heres 
 at 2s. 4d. the here ; 7 heres for men made of horse hear, 
 at 2s. the pece ; 8 heres made with rlaxe, for workeman- 
 ship and coloringe, Ss. 4d. the pece ; hier of an yrishe bag- 
 pipe player on twelf night, 3s. 4d. ; Anthony Toto, for di- 
 verse his attending in the Revells, for drawinge and devis- 
 inge for painters and others, 20s. ; William Hobson, for a 
 doz. pastboarde of the largest sorte, at Ss. 6d. the doz. ; 
 for head peces, crownes, and miters, for players ; a doz. of 
 cappes made of lamb skynnes, at Wd. the pece ; 23 yrishe 
 swordes at \6d. the pece; painting 14 yrishe swordes at 
 6d. the pece ; 68 Irishe darts at 6d. the pece ; painting the 
 same at 2d. the pece; 8 gaddes/* at lOd. the pece ; painting 
 18 ells of lockram fleshe colour; painting William Somers'f 
 
 * Gaddes, (poinards.) The derivative is the same as goad ; 
 both from the Saxon gab, to prick. 
 
 f Will. Somer, or Somers, the celebrated jester of King 
 Henry VIII. and who appears to have enjoyed the same office 
 in the following reign, was at first a servant in the family of 
 Richard Farmer, Esq. of Easton Neston, in Northamptonshire, 
 an ancestor of the Earl of Pomfret. This gentleman was found 
 guilty of a praemunire in the reign of Henry VIII. for sending 
 two groats and a couple of shirts to a priest convicted of deny- 
 ing the King's supremacy, who was then prisoner in the gaol 
 at Buckingham. His estates were confiscated, and he was 
 reduced to the greatest distress. To the honour of the Court 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 85 
 
 garment IGd.; a pair of hosen for William Somer 12d.; 
 painting 25 targetts at 2s. 3d. the pece ; 20 farochens 
 (falchions) at lid. ; rewarde to a bagge piper 3s. 4d.; 
 glover for blackmores hands 9s.; property maker, men 
 and womens heeres for attire of maskes and like purposes, 
 45s. 3d. ; taylors soinge upon garments, by day and nighte 
 £6. 8s.; joyners working upon swordes, targettes, dartes, 
 and other weapons of wood, "Jds.; carriage by water of the 
 garments and other furnyture,to the places where they were 
 occupied 8s. 8d. ; mearser, yelow and crimsyn sarcenet for 
 Yrish smockes, head peces, cowles, and girdeles, laying 
 abrode, turninge, soinge, mendinge,* tackinge, making 
 clene, spunginge, wipinge, brushinge, fouldinge, and 
 laying upp the king's bardes, bases, caparisons, hang- 
 ing garments, and other stuff and store of the office (of 
 the Revels) from the 3 d of June, anno regni quinto, to the 
 9 th of the same moneth ; the charges for tailours and other 
 attendants, at Sd. the day, 50s. ; officers attending 58s. 
 
 Garments and properties for the Lord of Misrule, his 
 retynewe, masks, tryumphes, and doings (Christmas 5 
 Edward 6.) — one furr of drakes' necks for facyng and fur- 
 rynge the Lord of Mysrule's gowne. Making a vice's 
 coote for John Smith, of white and redde damask, figured 
 
 Fool, it is recorded that he was deeply affected at the deplora- 
 ble condition of his unhappy former master, and that he, in the 
 King's last illness, made use of the licence of speech with 
 which his office was privileged, to utter some expressions which 
 so affected the conscience of the King, that he restored to Mr. 
 Farmer the remnant of his dismembered estate. — See Granger's 
 Biographical History, vol. i. p. 208. 
 
 * In other accounts occurs the barbarous compound term 
 <l Servyshablynge," i. e. rendering of service. 
 
86 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 with goulde churche worked furnished with p'cement lace 
 of blacke silke and goulde, making, garnishinge, and trym- 
 mynge a dissard's hoode of clothe of golde for John Smith 
 12s. ; James Wright, bargeman, 42 yards of watchet f and 
 whight, to cover the poope of the Lord of Misrules brigan- 
 dyne, for his workemanshipp of the same, 4s. ; a pair of 
 stocks and a pillory for the Lord of Misrule ; 6lbs. of white 
 counters for small money at 2s. the lb. ; 2 bags to put it in 
 for his coffers (for alms to be dispersed by his cofferer) ; 
 Nicholas Leveret$ for a dragons head and a dragons mowthe 
 of plate, with stoppes, to burne like fier, 5s. ; for trymmyng 
 of 4 boxes with plate for the same 2s. ; 2 tier boxes, 12 d. ; 
 carriage of a sarpent and other things from Walbrook to 
 the Blackfriars, 4d. ; Stable (the Lord of Misrules) IS 
 hobby horses, whereof one with 3 heads for his person, 
 bought of the carver for his justs and challenge at Green- 
 wich. Armury. — One sclavoye blade and one bylbo J 
 bronde; the garnishing of them 2s. 8d.; one poyneado of 
 wood § turned with a ladle, and a bauble pendant, 4s.; paint- 
 ing 4 maces Is. 4d. ; 5 clubbes with pikes, one hollowe to 
 burne squybbesin, lis. 4d.— Colbrond clubbes, 2 turnyd, 
 4s. ; daggers of wood, 2 ditto, 4s. ; 6 squyrtes of wood 
 turnyd, instead of gunnes, for his combat, 12s. ; one head- 
 ing ax, the joyners worke and painting, Ss. 4d. Armure. 
 Harnes of white paper, made for the shew of a Midsummer 
 
 * Embroidered with a Gothic pattern ; as Chaucer's Parish 
 Clerk had " Poule's windows carven on his shoes." 
 
 f Sky-blue. 
 
 I This explains what Pistol means by a latten bilbo, a Bilboa 
 brand made of latten, that is, a mock sword of mixed metal, 
 instead of steel. See Shakspeare's Merry Wives of Windsor, 
 act 1. 
 
 jj In another place, " Vice's dagger." 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 87 
 
 fight.* 20 shertes of male, 30 moryen hed peces of canvas, 
 a harnes of borde, and 3 of paper for Will. Somers to 
 fyghte in. 
 
 The Lord of Mysrule's holds, prisons, and place of exe- 
 cuc'on, his cannypie, throne, seate, pillory, gibbet, hed- 
 ding block, stocks, little ease, and other necessary incydents 
 to his person, 18s. ; a toile to serve for his chalenge to just 
 on foot with hobby horses, 35s.; 3 dozen of chyme bells 
 at 6s. the doz. ; 3 doz. of fox bells at 2s. for the furniture 
 of his canapie. 
 
 Masks and Plays. — George Allen, for coveryng of 6 
 counterfeit apes of paste and cement, with gray coney 
 skynnes, which were made to serve for a maske of bag- 
 pypes to sit upon the topp of them lyke minstrells, as 
 though they did play, by great (i. e. in the gross) 6s. 8d. ; 
 the same for furringe or coveringe 6 great tayles of wycker 
 made for a mask of catts, all covered over with catt's 
 tayles, taking 30 doz. of catt's tayles for the workmanship 
 (whereof agreed with him, by great) 6s. ; 8000 glasyers an- 
 nells of glas and stone holowe counterfett lyke bace stones, 
 16s. 5 12 doz. of wooden roundes, to be foyled and sylvered 
 like counterfeit perles, 12s. to garnish the hed peces of the 
 mask of catts. 
 
 Properties and weapons provided for a mask of Greek 
 Worthyes. — A great clobb for one of them representing 
 Hercules, 4s. ; cutting of leaves for the garmentes, 5s. ; 8 
 targottes of shelbord and fyne joyned worke, 32s. ; powl- 
 ronds (pouldrons) of paste and cement, lyke lyonns' hedds, 
 for theyre shoulders, at 4s. the pece, 32s. ; 13 lyonns' hedds 
 
 * That is, in imitation of the grand procession of the Civic 
 Guard, customarily held in London on the eve of St. John the 
 Baptist, attended by maskers as giants, morris-dancers, and 
 pageants, and styled the Midsummer Watch. 
 
88 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 more, trymmed with heare for their buskynnes, at 2s. the 
 pece ; 8 hedd peces for the same of paste and cement 
 mowlded like lyons hedds, the mouthe devouringe the 
 mannes hed * helmet wise, at 6s. 8d. the pece ; fether 
 maker, for coloringe 36 doz. of f ethers, and makinge the 
 same into greate plumes, to stand shell-wise f overthwarte 
 the hed peces of the worthyes of the Greekes, and there 
 torche-berers, drome, and fyfe, and other furniture of the 
 saide maskes ; 6 fawchons of tymber very fayer, the heftes 
 and pomells lyk the hedds of gryffons, at 3s. Ad. the pece ; 
 6 paire of oxen leggs and counterfett feete for satyres, 
 being torche berers for the same maske ; for divers pro- 
 perties provided for a mask of medyoxes/J: being half man 
 half deathe, whereof 8 were maskes and 6 torche berers, 
 vidz. for the bodyes, leggs, and armes of the same deathes, 
 108s.; for 16 hed peces for the same, double visaged, 
 th'one syde lyke a man, th'other lyke death, 32s. ; for 6 
 targettes for the maskers of them, made of borde-joyned, 
 with dede beastes hedds in them, at 3s. the pece, and for 
 six longe dartes for the same, 6s. ; 8 pair of leggs and half 
 bodies withlegg pieces, lyke armes and hands, joyned toge- 
 ther, hed peces for the same of past and cement mowlded 
 worke, for tumblers to go upon their hands, § at 25s. the 
 pece ; 6 doz. of gloves for the maskes, men and women, 
 
 * The helmet had the appearance of an open mouth devour- 
 ing the head of the wearer 
 
 f The plume overhanging in a concave form, like the hollow 
 of a shell. 
 
 + This word, we believe, is not to be found in any glossarial 
 treatise ; it is evidently formed from the Latin adjective medi- 
 Qxmnus, without strict reference to its import, and signifies 
 masks divided by the middle, as these were, half man half 
 skeleton. 
 
 § The tumbler thus attired, his arms made to resemble legs, 
 
THE L03ELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 89 
 
 with their torclie berers, drum and fife, and ministers; 
 basket-makers, osier rodds and twiggs, and binding stuff 
 provided to make a mask of bag pipes, and 6 great tails for 
 the mask of catts ; barrel-hoops provided for the mask of 
 bagpipes made of hoops and wickers ; Brydgett, the bag- 
 pipers wife, for a pair of loud pipes, 10s. ; for a pair of soft 
 pipes, Gs. Sd. for the mynstrells to play on that went in the 
 mask of bagpipes 3 wyer drawer for white plate and wyer, 
 to make flowers, and winding plate about head pieces (i. e. 
 for wreaths) ; foragemonger, for hay provided for stuffing 
 deaths ; turner, rolling gynnes to wind packthred ; candles, 
 links, and rushes, to strow the office for the workmen to 
 sit on; gold beter, 5000 of sylver at 10s. ; 1000 of party 
 
 gold for gilding and garnishing bagpipes, weapons, and 
 utensils. 
 
 From the 3 d day of January, in the 6 th yeare of his reigne 
 
 (Edw. 6) to the 16 day of February next, and then left 
 
 unfinished for a time upon comaundement (by occasion 
 
 that his grace was syck) and the shew thereof deferred till 
 
 after May day ; furnishing a play of the state of Ireland and 
 
 another of children set out by Heywood;* Anthony Toto, 
 
 and his legs like arms, a mask on his breech, by alternately 
 turning his face to and from the spectators, made his real posi- 
 tion laughably equivocal. We may smile at our ancestors for 
 enjoying these practical jests 3 but our Christmas pantomimes 
 prove that our own taste is little different. 
 
 * Mr. Collier observes, in his History of the Stage, vol. i. p. 
 116, that about 1530 John Heywood, a player on the virginals, 
 began to write his interludes, which productions formed an epoch 
 in the history of our drama, as they are neither Miracle plays 
 nor Morals, but pieces played in the intervals of entertainments, 
 having broad humour and strong character to recommend 
 them. They were, he conceives, an entire novelty, and they 
 gained the author an extraordinary reputation. Heywood was 
 
90 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 for painting an Irish hawlbert, sworde, and a prage (dagger), 
 which parcells were prepared for the play of Ierland, and for 
 paintinge of a cote and a capp with Tes (eyes) tonges, and 
 eares for fame,* in the hole 4s. ; making, painting, and 
 pasting a crown of gold paper and buckram, Is. 6d. ; an 
 Irish hed pece of Irish fryse, 6d. ; 3 yards of grey carsey 
 for an Irishman's cote, with great and longe plyghts ; 4 
 yards of orange-coloured frysado, at 4s. the yard ; 24 ells 
 of lockeram for making of 12 cotes for the boyes in Hey- 
 wood's playe, at \2d. the ell; hyer of properties, William 
 Baldwyn, for the hyre of heers, beardes, and devell's ap- 
 parell, and other attyre for players of him borrowed, 6s. 6d.; 
 his boat hire to carry the same to the court; helmets 
 mowlded like morrion helmetts, the fronts like griffin's 
 hedds, with Cerberus, in forme of a grayhound with three 
 heads, standing on the crest, very faire. 
 
 X'mas, 1 and 2 Phil, and Mary. A mask of patrons 
 of gallies like Venetian senators, with galley-slaves for their 
 torch e-b ear ers ; a mask of 6 Venuses or amorous ladies 
 with 6 cupids and 6 torche-bearers to them, and certen 
 plaies made by Nicholas Udall and ther incydents; 8 daggers 
 for patrons of the gallies of paste and cement moulded 
 worke, at 2s. the pece; 6 lions' hedds hole of paste and ce- 
 ment ; karver. 16 hed peces of ashen hoope wood in 
 
 much in favour with Queen Mary, and, according to Granger, 
 is somewhere mentioned as Jester to King Henry VIII. He 
 died about 1565. 
 
 * This allegorical personage in the time of Shakspeare main- 
 tained her post on the stage. In the Induction to the play of 
 Henry the Fifth, we have the stage note " Enter Rumour, 
 painted full of tongues" and she tells the auditors — 
 " I from the orient to the dropping west, 
 Making the wind my post-horse, still unfold 
 The acts commenced on this ball of earth • 
 Upon my tongues continual slanders ride," &c. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 91 
 
 queynte and straunge fashion by him made and prepared 
 for the men turkes maskers, at 4s. the pece; 8 fawchons 
 for the said turkes magistrates, very faier, the hafts, 
 locketts, chapes, and cement mowlded worke, the shethes 
 covered with grene velvet, and bullyend with copper, very 
 fayer, at 6s. 8c?. ; other fawchons for the said Turkes 
 archers that were torche-berers, made all of tree, carved 
 with mens heades, of sundry fassions fayer, at 3s. 4c?. the 
 pece ; 8 hed peces for women's maskes, goddesses, hun- 
 tresses, at 20c?. the pece ; 8 quevers, 3 square, w f arrowes 
 in every of them for the same, very faier, at 2s. 6c?. the 
 pece; 8 bowes for them at 12c?. the pece; 8 dartes of tree 
 for the Turkie women that were torche-berers, at 16c?. the 
 pece; a mask of 8 maryners, of clothe of golde and silver, 
 with 8 other maryners to their torche-berers, of silke 
 sarcenet and taifata prepared against halon tyde ; mowlded 
 worke for the Venuses' hed-peces at 3d. the pece ; 8 bowes 
 with arrowes fastened in them, and goinge thorowe the 
 bowes with a clapp,* for the Cupids of the said mask of 
 Venuses, at 16c?. the pece ; 8 quevers with 3 arrowes a pece 
 in them, to hange at the backes of the said cupides, at 
 2s. 8d. the pece ; 8 doz. of buttons to be turned for bothe 
 the maskes of men and women, at 12c?. the doz.; basket 
 makers working upon properties by task ; 6 pair of 
 shackells and cheynes to them of wicker work, for the 
 galley slaves, at 16c?. the pece; making of 6 fruiterers' 
 baskets of wicker for the torche-berers to the women 
 maskers, at 3d. the pece ; hier of a barge with S oars and 
 2 wherries for carriage of the said masks, their torche- 
 berers, dromes, fieffes, apparel, with all their properties, 
 furniture, chests, and hampers, by water, from the office 
 of the Revels to the court, attending the same in the after- 
 noon and very late at night 155. 4c?. ; a mask of 6 Turkes 
 
 * Discharged with a noise. 
 
92 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 magistrates with 6 turkes archers the torch-berers ; a mask 
 of womenlike goddesses, huntresses, with Turkey menne, the 
 torche-berers, made against Shrovetide (1 st and 2 d Philip and 
 Mary) ; a maske of 6 Hercules or men of war comynge from 
 the sea with 6 maryners to ther torche-berers, prepared at 
 St. Androe's tyde, against the brek}mg up of the terme ; a 
 mask of covetus men with long noses j a mask of men like 
 Argus -, a mask of women Mores; a mask of Amazons ; a 
 triumph of Cupide, with pageants of Mars and Venus, their 
 torche-berers and attendants ; a mask of black and tawney 
 tinsell, with babuns (baboons) faces ; a mask of Pollenders 
 (Polanders), a mask of soldiors to ther torche-berers ; a 
 maske of women like Diana hunting, a maske of matrons to 
 their torche-bearers. The total of two years expenses of 
 the Revels in the 4th and 5th of Edward Vl.was £865. \2s. 
 8d.; that of the 6th year £406. Is.l^d.; the grand total of 18 
 pay books, from the 4th of Edward VI. to the 1st and 2d of 
 Philip and Mary, both inclusive, is £1622. 13s. Ad. evi- 
 dently very considerable sums, according to the value of 
 money in the sixteenth compared with the nineteenth cen- 
 tury. On a dateless paper found among Sir Thomas Ca- 
 warden's Accounts, is a memorandum to the following 
 effect. " Item, for a peynted boke of M r . Hans Holby's 
 making, 6 11 ."* 
 
 * A book illuminated by Hans Holbein, the great painter 
 employed by Henry VIII. It is said that the Earl of Arundel, 
 returning from Italy through Basil, saw some of the produc- 
 tions of Holbein's pencil, and advised him to go to England. 
 He was first employed by Sir Thomas More, and subsequently 
 taken into the service of Henry VIII. Holbein died in Lon- 
 don of the plague in 1554, in the 56th year of his age. It may 
 be remarked, as a circumstance coincident with the above 
 entry, that one of Holbein's earliest works is recorded to be 
 the illuminating the margin of the fl Moriae Encomium" of 
 Erasmus, with the characters described in the book. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 93 
 
 (38.) 
 
 STATUTES OF THE KING'S REVELLS. 
 
 Constituc'ons howe the King's Revells ought to be 
 usyd: 
 
 Fyrst, an Invyntory to be made by the Clarke controwl- 
 ler and Clarke, by the Survey and apowentinge of the 
 mastyr of the Revells,* Aswell of all and singular masking 
 garments w th all thear furnyture, as allso of all bards for 
 horsis, coveryng of bards and bassis of all kynds, w th all 
 and singular the appurtenances, w ch Invytory, subscribyd 
 by the yoman and clarke, ought to remayne in the custody 
 of the Master of the Offyces and the goodes for the saeffe 
 kepyng. 
 
 It'm, that no kyud of stuff be bowght, but at the apow- 
 yentment of the Master or his depute Clarke controwler, 
 being counsell therin, and that he make menc'on therof, in 
 his booke of recept w'ch ought to be subscribyd as afor" 
 seyd by the Master. 
 
 It'm, that the Cla'ke be privey to the cutting of all kynds 
 of garments, and that he make menc'on in his booke of 
 thyssuing ow* howe moche it takyth of all kynds to ev'y 
 maske, revelle, or tryumphe, w'ch boke ought to be sub- 
 scrybyd as afforseyd by the Master. 
 
 It'm, that the Clarke kepe check of all daye men work- 
 ing on the p'misses, and to make two lyger boks of all wags 
 
 * The officers of the Revells and their pay, from another do- 
 cument : Master, Thomas Cawarden, at 4s. per diem ; yeoman, 
 John Bridges, at 2s. do. ; Clerk Comptroller, John Bernard, at 
 2s. do. ; Clerk, John Colyer, at Is. 6d. do. ; Groom, Thomas 
 Hale, at Is. 6d. ditto. 
 
94 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 and provisions of all kynd whate so ev', th'one for the 
 paye master and th' other for the Master. 
 
 It'm, that no garments forseyd, bards, cov'ying of bards, 
 bassis, or suche lyck, be lent to no man w th out a specyall 
 comaundment, warrant, or tokyn, from the Kyng's Matie, 
 but that all be leyd up in feyr stonderds or pressis, and every 
 presse or stonderd to have two locks a pece, w th sev'all 
 (i. e. distinct) wards, w h two keys, th' one for the Master or 
 Clarke, and th' other for the yoman, so that non of them 
 cum to the stuff without th' other. 
 
 (39.) 
 
 Tents, Toyles, Banqnetting Houses qf Boughs, and other 
 erections in the field. 
 The Council, from the Palace at Oatlands to Sir Thomas Ca- 
 warden, as Master of the Tents and Toiles, " certain ban- 
 quetting houses and other devices of pleasure, are to be made 
 of green boughs, and his assistance is required. As he can- 
 not for the sickness * (the plague) approach the Court, he is 
 to send some fit person in his room. These diversions of the 
 Court in the open field, it will be seen by the date of the 
 paper, were projected in midsummer. Stow tells us of a rural 
 banquetting house made in the year 1581, for the reception 
 of certain Ambassadors out of France on the south-west side 
 of the Queen's palace at Whitehall, which must have been in 
 the garden, near the river, 332 feet in circumference (there- 
 fore a circular pavilion or tent). "The top of this house was 
 wrought most cunningly" over the canvas work "with ivy and 
 holly, with pendants made of wicker rods, garnished with bay, 
 rue, and all manner of strange flowers garnished with spangles 
 of gold," an ingenious device to produce the effect of drops 
 cf golden dew; it was also " beautified with teasons " (fes- 
 'toons) " made of ivy and holly, with all manner of strange 
 
 * He was then probably at his house in London, at the 
 Blackfriars. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 95 
 
 fruits, as pomegranates, oranges, pompions, cucumbers 
 grapes, with such like, spangled with gold and most richly 
 hanged ; betwixt these works of bays and ivy was great space 
 of canvas, which was most cunningly painted with the clouds, 
 stars, the sun beams, with divers coats of sundry sorts be- 
 longing to the Queen's Majesty, most richly garnished with 
 gold." The cost of this " Hall " thus decorated with orna- 
 ments from the vegetable kingdom, was ^1745, a most 
 enormous sum for that day. See Stow's Annals, 4to. edit. p. 
 1179. 
 
 After o' verye hartie comendac'ons, where as 
 
 there be certaine banquiting houses of Bowes 
 
 (boughs) and other devises of pleasure to be gon 
 
 in hand withail very shortly; flbrasrnuch as we 
 
 consider ye have had good experience heretofore 
 
 in lyk things, albeit we understande ye cannot, 
 
 by reson of the sicknes, repaire presently h'ither 
 
 yo'selfe, yet have we thought good to pray you to 
 
 send suche pson hither furthw'th as ye shall thinke 
 
 meate and handsom, therfore (if ye cannot cum 
 
 yo'seif) to th'ende he may go in hande therew th , 
 
 whereof we praie you not to faile. And so we bid 
 
 yo u fare well, ffrom Otelandes the xviii th of June 
 
 1554. 
 
 Yo r loving fFrendes, 
 
 Ste. Wtnton, Cancel!. Arundell. 
 Pembroke. Thom's Norwich. 
 
 T. Cheyne. 
 
 Will'm Petres. Jo. Bourne. 
 
 Ric. Southwell. 
 To o' very loving frends S r 
 Thomas Carden, knyght. 
 
96 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 Miscellaneous Entries from the books of the Revels, re- 
 lative to temporary banquetting houses erected in the field 
 (4th Edward 6 th .) — Banketing howses two, the one in 
 Hyede parke, conteynenge in length 57 feet, and in bredth 
 21 feet of assize with a halpace staier,* conteining in 
 bredth the one way 60 foote, and the other way 30 foote, 
 and over the same a type or turret garnished. One other 
 house in Marybone parke, conteyninge inlengthe 40 foote 
 The same adjoined, framed, made and wrought of tymber, 
 brick, and Lyme, with their raunges and other necessary 
 utensyles therto insident, and to the like accustomed. 
 And 6 standinges whereof were in either of the said parkes, 
 3, all of tymber, garnished with boughes and flowers, every 
 of them conteynenge in length 10 foote, and in bredth 8 
 foote, which houses and standinges were so edified, re- 
 paired, garnished, decked, and fynyshed against the Mar 
 shall Saint Andrewes comynge thethere by speciale and 
 straight comandement as well of the late King as his Coun- 
 sell to Sir Tho s Cawarden, Knt, M r of the said office of 
 Revels, and Lawrence Bradshaw, surveior of the King's 
 works exhibited for the same, w l earnest charge done, 
 wrought, and attended betweene the 27 of June and the 2 
 of August in the said year. 
 
 Examples of wages paid to different artificers employed 
 on the above works, for 22 days "at all hours, a space to eat 
 and dryncke excepted/' — Carpenters at one penny the hour, 
 bricklayers ditto, labourers a halfpenny the hour, plasterers 
 eleven pence the day, painters seven pence and six pence 
 the day. Charges for cutting boughs in the wood at Hyde 
 Park for trimming the banquetting house, gathering rushes, 
 flags, and ivy ; payment to the Lady Daunsye for 2 loads 
 of scaffold poles; Robert Venardo, for turning 6 great bases 
 
 A step for the dais or haut-pas. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 97 
 
 for pillars at 3s. 4d. each; Anthony Toto, the sergeant 
 painter, for antique moulded heads ; painters under John 
 Ledys (Leeds) for painting furniture appertaining ; taylors, 
 for sewing roofs and borders; basket-makers working 
 upon windows. — £7- 2s. lOd. 'The total charge for erecting 
 the banquetting houses in Hyde Park, on this occasion, was 
 i 1 69. J s. 8d. In a subsequent similar account an item 
 occurs " for workinge of clothe in the second storye (of 
 the banquetting house) with the counterfeits of King 
 Henry, King Edward, and Queen Elizabeth £6, \3s. 4d, 
 In a fragment of an old account,* 502 yards of battlements 
 at 2d. the yard. 
 
 (40.) 
 
 The Lords of the Council direct Sir Thomas Cawarden, to ap- 
 pear before, them, that they may audit his account for the 
 Revels, Tents, and Toyles. 
 
 After o J hartie com'endac'ons. Yt hathe pleased 
 the Queries mat ie to appoynte us with others to 
 take yo r Accompt for the Revelles, Tentes, and 
 Toyles. Wherfore we require yo u to be before us 
 uppon Mondaye, being the xi th daie of this pre- 
 sent. And to bring w th yo u suche books as yo u 
 have, conteyning all things belonging to those of- 
 fices. Wherof faile yo u not in anye wise. And 
 we bidde yo u hertelie farewell, ffrom the courte, 
 the ix th of Marche, A° 1554. 
 
 Yo r loving friends, 
 John Gage. Rob't Rochester. Wili/m Petres. 
 
 To o' loving freind S r Thomas 
 
 Carden, knight, geve thes. 
 For the Accompt of the Revylls, 
 
 H 
 
98 
 
 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 (41.) 
 
 Halls (i. e. large tents) appointed for his Majesty's horses, 
 round houses (lodging tents) for the officers of his stable, on 
 a progress or march, a curious document without date, but 
 of the time of Henry VIII. It shews the sumptuous equi- 
 page which attended our monarchs on a journey. 
 
 Hales appontyd for the King's Mat' s hobbies, geldyngs, 
 corsers, muletts, sompter horsses, appointed for his own 
 use, beyng in nomber 108, w l also for dyvers officers of his 
 ma 1 ' 8 stable as hereafter insueth. 
 
 In p'mis for 12 of the hobbies and gelydyngs for the 
 kyngs ma ts own saddell, a hale w l a round housse at the 
 ende for the equerries of the hobby stable to ly in. 
 
 It'm, for 12 corsers for the kyng's ma ts saddele to be 
 rydden uppon w l the henchemen, a hayll w* aroundhousse 
 at the end for the equerries of the corsers stable to ly in. 
 
 It'm, for a Barbery horse, 2 moylls for the saddell, 4 
 litter muletts, 3 bottell horse, a male horse, 2 p c (pack) 
 horse, a horse for carriage of the kyng's Ma ts stole * for the 
 stirrop, in the hole 14, 1 hayll. 
 
 It'm, for 10 gret horssef to be rydden upon w 1 the 
 ryders; a hayll w* a round housse at the ende for the ryders 
 to ley in. 
 
 It'm, for 60 of the gret horse, geldyngs, muletts, and ca- 
 riage horse, that is to witt, for every 20 one hayll, 3 haylls. 
 
 It'm, for the clerke of the stable, w* the kyngs mat s 
 stuff, a hayll for dressyng and kepyng of the same stuff, 
 and a round house at th' end for the clerke to lye in. 
 
 * Mounting stool. f Managed horses. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 99 
 
 It'm, for the 3 avenors * for the safe kepyng and custo- 
 dye of theyr bokes for the takyng of the purveyors re- 
 kenyngs from tyme to tyme, 1 hayll. 
 
 It'm, for the Sergeaunt of the Cariages, and Sergeaunt 
 fFeror (farrier) for theyr stuff and to worke in, 1 hayll. 
 
 It'm, for the sadleyr, styrrop maker, and byt maker, for 
 ther stuff to ly in, and them selff to worke in, 1 haill, w l a 
 round housse at th' end. 
 
 It'm, for the 3 surveyors, and the man whiche hathe the 
 custody of all the horse clothes, tramells, pastornes, colors 
 (collars ?), horsecombes, w l paylls for wateryng of the horse, 
 and the mesure for servyng of the horse with ots (oats) 
 1 hayle. 
 
 It'm, for the horses of the ordenance of the kyng's mat 8 
 stable, that is to save, 2 for the horse of the close stoole, 1 for 
 the ffoolys (fools) horse, 4 for the Master of the horse, 2 for 
 my lord Harbard (Herbert), 10 for the 5 equeryes, 6 for the 
 3 clarks of the averey,^ 2 for the clerke of the stable, 6 for 
 the 3 surveyors, 2 for Mr. Ogle, 2 for the Sergeaunt of the 
 Cariage, 2 for the Sergeaunt fferror, 5 for the 5 ryders, 1 
 for the marshall fFeror, 4 for the foure purveyors, 3 for the 
 thre garnators, 1 for the yeoman of the saddell, 1 for the 
 yoman of the stirrop, 1 for the yoman of the close carre, 
 3 for the thre yoman fferrors, 3 for the thre grome ffer- 
 rors, 5 for the gromes of the stirrop, 1 for the keper of the 
 litter muletts, 7 for the sompter men, 2 for the p c man 
 (packman) in the hole number 76. Md if it please the 
 kyng's ma tie to have a hundred geldyngs moo, then therls 
 
 * This title is derived from the old French, Avenour, Comp- 
 troller of the stable. 
 
 T The depositary for provender ; this has probably the same 
 derivation as Avenor, from avoine, oats. 
 
 t Qu. A close carriage with aseat ? In a subsequent entry 
 we find the close carre, probably the same vehicle. 
 
 H 2 
 
100 
 
 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 to be appoynted, to every 20 of them one hale, and so on 
 in all, 5 hales. 
 
 And if his hignes plesure be to have 200 geldyngs moo, 
 then ther is to be appoynted, for every 20 of them one 
 hale, and so in all J hales. 
 
 (42.) 
 
 The Clerk of the Tents to Sir Thomas Cawarden. Curious allu- 
 sion to the manner of riding as an express. 
 
 Pleaseth yt yo r w'shipe to be adv'tysyd that 
 yester nyght there came a post from the corte w* 
 two letters, the one the post w* a home about hys 
 nek, blowing as he came throwgh olde fyshe 
 streete, to Mr. Hale, # the other was browght unto 
 us to the Blake fryers, w* sylence. I wolde not have 
 stykyd (sticked) to have gevyn the post a crowne 
 to have had one blaste blowen w* his home at my 
 dore for honors sake. The copy of o r letter ys 
 herto annexyd, but for my m'rs (master's) I cannot 
 attayne. Yesternight at vii of the cloke or anon 
 after, I sent to hym for the coppye of his letter to 
 have sentyt to you, and then he wase a bed and a 
 sleape, and could not be waked for xx 11 , and this 
 daye I sent to him betwyne iiij and v, and he was 
 gone ij owers afore. The efTecte of hys letter was 
 that he sholde receve by a byll indented all the 
 howses, and that he alone shold after they were 
 shypyd, repare northward. And thus I pray as I 
 am bounde, that the Holy Goste have you in hys 
 
 * Groom of the Tents, Hales, &c. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 101 
 
 kepyng. From the late Blakeffryers the x th daye of 
 June. 
 
 Yo' s'vante to comande at all tymes, 
 Thom's Philipps, w'ch beryth in a 
 manner this^ ofFyce in the tents. 
 My Cosen Barnard *\- go'th this morning to the 
 co'te to speak w fc my lorde chamberlayne. 
 
 (43.) 
 
 Copy of the Earl of Arundel, Lord Chamberlain's Letter to the 
 Officers of the Tents, annexed to the preceding. 
 
 Ye shall understand that my lord protecto r wyl- 
 lyth you to delyver unto Hale, out of the office of 
 the Tents, all sucheTents and Rownde howses, and 
 howses as were of the old store, and be newly made 
 of the kyng's howse. Indentyng w* them for the 
 recept therof, accordyng as I have wrytten unto 
 hym. What other warraunte yo u desyre for the dys- 
 charge of M r Cawarden prepare you, and send yt 
 hither, and I shall attayne (procure) the same 
 sygned. Forsee upon yo r parell that there be no 
 tyde loste throwghe yo r falte. Fare you well. 
 From the corte this Whyt soneday. 
 Yo r Frende, 
 
 Arondell. 
 
 * He means the office of Servant, he being Clerk of the 
 Tents, &c. so last in order of the officers of that department, 
 f John Barnard, Comptroller of the Tents, &c. 
 
102 
 
 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 Miscellaneous Entries relative to the Royal Tents, Halls, 
 Pavilions, Toyles, &c. 
 (36 Henry VIII.) — Wages of artificers, &c. employed in 
 making five score single roofs, every of them being of five 
 breadths of vitrye canvas* 3J yards deep, having 12 points 
 in every end ridged and stavyd with red buckram, deli- 
 vered at Bollogne,f to the Lord Deputie there, taking 
 up out of ships the kings tents, hales, pavilions, and tim- 
 ber houses. Ships, and hoys, occupied in the carriage of 
 the King's Ma ts tents, hales, and pavilions, from Boulogne 
 to the Tower wharf, taking after the burden of the said 
 ships Ss. per ton • the Pelycan, John Verne Master, 65 
 tonne; the Andrew Vandergoose, Jacob Rayne Master, 40 
 tonne ; the John Van Machlyn, Gylbert Fyshe Master, 40 
 tonne; the Jesus of Calais, Adryan King Master, 7$ 
 tonne ; the Bull of Calies, Cornelys Cornelyson Master, 
 40 tonne; the George Bonaventure of London, Richard 
 Read Master, 53^ tonne ; long carts and cars carrying the 
 aforesaid from the Tower Wharf to the Charter House,]: 
 every long cart taking 6d, the load, and car 4d. To 
 Fraunces Taxe, paynter, for these parcells following, 
 by him bought and provided, to be occupied in and about 
 the king's timber houses, at the Camp before Bollogne. 
 First, for the horns to mend the windowes after, 3s. 4d. 
 
 * In other items vyctrye canvas. 
 
 f It appears by a bill indented at that time between Sir 
 John Gresham and Sir Thomas Cawarden, with the other 
 officers of His Majesty's Tents, that there were provided by the 
 said Sir John Gresham 70 ballets of fine brown canvas, con- 
 taining 15,600 ells of canvas ; 20 trusses of French buckram of 
 divers colours, containing 1904 pieces • which items shew how 
 considerable the camp equipage for this expedition was. 
 
 X It will be observed that many of the dissolved monasteries 
 were employed as government storehouses, as convenience sug- 
 gested. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 103 
 
 the C. 6s. 8d. ; 81b. of ledd reddy caste, at Id. the pounde, 
 Sd. ; 6lb. of sother (solder) Ad. the pounde 2s. 
 
 Left in the captaynes hands of his grace's towne of 
 Bullen 300 Targetts * for scalling the walls. 
 
 (37 Henry VIII.) Payments for conveying tents, hales, 
 pavylyons, and tymber houses, from the Blackfriars to 
 Cobham Park, there setting up the same. Among 
 other charges on this service : Nycholas Haryson, of 
 London, glasyer, for cc home occupy ed at Chobham 
 Parke, in reparynge of wyndowes at the settynge up 
 the Kyng's Majestes howses ther, a' 3s. lOd. the c. 7^« 
 8d. ; to the Churche wardens of Chobham, for waxe spent 
 of the" churches in stopping of holes in sere clothes (cere 
 cloths) over the King's and Quene's Chamber. Hobson, of 
 London, mercer, for 20 bolts of browne threde, a' 2s. Ad. 
 AOs. 8d. Will'm Smith, hackneman (hackneyman) for one 
 horse, by the space of 6 days, occupied in fetching sundry 
 necessaries from London, Chertsey, Stanes, and Wynd- 
 sore 2s. In a fragment of an account, a charge for gilding 
 the lead of the horn windows. 
 
 38 Henry VIII. — Charges for carrying the King's hales, 
 timber houses, &c. from London to Hampton Court and 
 Oatlands. Will m Kendal, of London, wax chandler, for 
 m. m. c. di. xviiilb. (two thousand five hundred and a half 
 and eighteen pounds) of wax spent upon the searyng (ce- 
 ring) of 1647 yards of new vytrye canvase for the covering 
 of the tymber houses and banketing nowses, taking for 
 every pound so spent 6d. Thomas Chappell, of London, 
 upholster, 9 y'ds of red say for mending the roses of the 
 King's round houses, at 9 d the y d . Jooq Alard, glasyer, 
 for m 1 lanterne homes, for ye wyndowes of the tymber 
 houses, at 2s. the c. 20s. Charges for land carriage of Tents 
 from Oatlands to Twyknam Park. 
 
 * These were pavises or large covering shields used by the 
 soldiers in such operations. 
 
104 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 (1 Jan. to 24 Feb. 1 Edward VI.)— Charges for taking 
 downe all the kinges own lodgings that were hanged up 
 for to drye. Carriage of two longe hales from the black 
 friars to the Tylte yarde at Westminster, and there set up 
 at the triumphe for the men at armes ; the same taken 
 down and brought agayn to the Blake friars. 
 
 (2 Edward VI.) — Charges for drying the tents, halles, 
 and ruffs (roofs) that came from Skotland wetted in the 
 shippe. (3 Edw. 6.) — Artificers repairing round howses, 
 charges for leather, ground tackle, crow feet, rope stakes, 
 betells, iron work for 6000 stakes, at 20s. the 1000; 30 
 betells at 4d. the betell. (6 Edw. VI.) — Charges for re- 
 pairing the King's Mat ies toyles for his disporte in hunt- 
 inge agaynst his progress northward. 
 
 Extracts of an Inventory of unserviceable tents, 
 halles, and pavilions of the King, and therefore probably 
 very old camp equipage. — A great hale with the sonne 
 beams, containing in the walls 40 bredths of canvas, 6 
 feet depe, and in the roof 7 bredths of 1 1 foote depe in 
 every end 26 yards, with crow-foote ground tackling, a 
 roof of a round house to the same of 52 gores, 13 foote hie. 
 A rownde house garnished with blue buckram, laid on 
 with red rounde lace, having token of a lyon, another 1 4 
 feet high, garnished with blew, and a red rose on the top ; 
 a hale bearing the token of the grey hinde (qu. hound?) ; 
 a hale bearing the token of the flower de luce ; a rownde 
 house bearing the token of a harte ; a jacks (jakes), a cre- 
 saunte to the -same ; a hale bering the token of the mone; 
 beasts of tymber paynted, a lyon, a dragon, two gray 
 hounds, and a don cowe, a bare (bear's) hide, lyned with 
 whyte and grene ; a pece of another bere hide ; 6* charetts 
 bodis without wheles ; 4 cart bodys without wheles. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 105 
 
 (44.) 
 
 Ordinances of War promulgated by Henry VIII. on occasion 
 of his expedition to Boulogne, A. D. 1513. 
 
 This rare and probably unique printed pamphlet, which 
 has all the rarity of a Manuscript, was found in one of the 
 old chests in the Muniment Room at Loseley, and had 
 probably belonged to Sir Thomas Cawarden, who we may 
 suppose attended the royal army in his capacity of Master 
 of the Tents.* It consists of certain statutes and ordinances 
 of war enacted by Henry VIII. for the government of his 
 forces, previous to his expedition into France, with an army 
 royal, for the purpose of recovering the provinces in that 
 Kingdom, of which Henry VI. had been in possession. 
 
 This enterprise was undertaken in the 4th year of 
 Henry's reign ; he constituted Katharine his consort Re- 
 gent in his absence, passed the seas to Calais on 30th of 
 June, 1513, and putting himself at the head of an army 
 consisting of about 9000 effective men, laid siege to Te- 
 rouenne, a frontier town of Artois, which had been consi- 
 dered as impregnable. Here the Emperor Maximilian 
 came to the King in quality of his soldier, wore the cross of 
 St. George on the surcoat of his body armour, received an 
 hundred crowns per diem as his pay, and was lodged in a 
 tent of cloth of gold. Having captured Terouenne, he next 
 beleaguered Tournay, which was also reduced. In the 
 mean time it will be recollected that the Earl of Surrey had 
 
 * Sir Thomas, then Mr. Carden, had an allowance of 78/. 
 for coats (provided on this occasion we imagine) for 490 foot- 
 men, or infantry. He had conduct or marching money for 
 them at a halfpenny per mile, bringing them from various 
 places to Dover. For three petty captains, being horse, he was 
 allowed 2d. the mile. 
 
106 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 gained the victory of Flodden Field, and James the Fourth, 
 the ally of the French King, was in that memorable con- 
 flict slain. These events led Louis XII. to negociate terms 
 of pacification. 
 
 The occasion of forming this Book of Military Statutes 
 is expressly detailed in the paragraph with which they are 
 summed up towards the conclusion. 
 
 " For as moche as our sayde soveraygne lorde, for the 
 inwarde love, tendre zele, and entyer affecyon, which he 
 bereth naturally to his subjettes, beynge of his said hoste 
 and armye, would be lothest and most displeasaunt to se or 
 understonde any of them to do that offence wherby he 
 shuld deserve the lest punyshment by the sayd ordy- 
 naunces provyded ; his Hyghnesse therefore desyreth 
 and tenderly prayed * his sayd subjiettes to consydre and 
 understonde his good spede in his sayd journey, the ho- 
 noure of this royalme, and the wele and suretie of the 
 same his subjiettes, stondeth upon the observacion of the 
 sayde statutes, wherfore though it be to the grettest hevy- 
 nesse and displeasure, yet must he of necessytye, when 
 the case it requyreth, se the sayd statutes executed and the 
 offenders punyshed. 
 
 " In consyderacyon wherof, he wylleth and straytly 
 charge th his sayd subjiettes to have them selfe in so good 
 awayte, that in no wyse they offend the sayde statutes, and 
 to th'entent they have no cause to excuse them of theyr 
 offences by pretence orf ignoraunce of the saydordenaunces, 
 his hyghnesse hath, over and above the open proclamacyon 
 of the sayde statutes, commaunded and ordeyned by way 
 of Emprynte, dyverse and many several bokes conteygn- 
 ynge the same statutes, to be made and delivered to the 
 capitaynes of his hoste, chargynge them as they wyll 
 
 Sic. f Misprint in orig. should be " of." 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 1 07 
 
 avoyde his great displeasure, to cause the same twyes or 
 once in every weke holy (wholly) to be redde in the pre- 
 sence of theyr retynue." 
 
 These were probably the first printed Regulations pro- 
 mulgated to the English Army, and were the foundation of 
 the " Rules and Articles for the better Government of his 
 Majesty's Forces/' commonly known as the Articles of 
 War, which are now read at the monthly muster of every 
 regiment in the service. 
 
 Grose was not aware of the existence of this printed 
 tract, and we have ourselves searched the stores of our 
 great national depository, the British Museum, for it, in 
 vain. The author above-mentioned, in his History of the 
 English Army, says, the military code of Henry VIII. is 
 preserved in manuscript in the College of Arms (in a book 
 marked W.S.) It is said in the title page to have been printed 
 in 1524 by Thomas Berthelet. 
 
 The same authority recapitulates the different orders for 
 preserving discipline in the English Army, beginning with 
 the instrument in form of a charter, published by Richard 
 Coeur de Lion, on his setting forward to the Holy Land, 
 in which the enactments are brief, and in a spirit suited to 
 the barbarous manners of the age ; if a man killed another 
 he was to be bound to the slaughtered corpse and buried 
 with it alive. If he wounded his comrade with his dagger 
 or knife, he was to lose his hand. If the injury was con- 
 fined to a blow, he was to be punished with a good duck- 
 ing. If he cursed and blasphemed, he was to be fined. If 
 he committed theft, he was to have his head shaved like a 
 
 * The earliest tract of this kind in the Museum Catalogue 
 (Lib. Impress.) appears to be one intituled, " Statutes and 
 Ordynaunce for the Warre," 4to, London, 1544. 
 
 t Vol. I. p. 71. 
 
108 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 champion in legal duels (ad modum campionis), boiling 
 pitch was then to be poured on the tonsure, and the place 
 was to be well feathered with the contents of a pillow, for 
 the sake of distinguishing him (ad cognoscendum eum.) 
 The above brief charter of military penalties is to be 
 found in the first volume of Rymer's Fcedera, p. 65. 
 The next ordinances on record are those of the 9th 
 of Richard the Second, 1385, and must, we suppose, have 
 been issued on occasion of his expedition into Scotland, 
 with knights, esquires, archers, and camp followers to the 
 extraordinary number of 300,000 ; a body that was likely 
 indeed to require some strict system of military police. 
 These regulations are extant in the Cotton Library, and in 
 substance bear much similarity to these printed ordinances 
 of Henry the Eighth, A.D. 1513, preserved at Loseley. 
 
 Other regulations to be noted, are those of Henry the 
 Fifth, circ. 1418 ; and those of Henry the Seventh, before 
 the battle of Stoke, in Lincolnshire, where he quelled the 
 formidable insurrection in favour of the mock Edward 
 Plantagenet, Lambert Simnel.* 
 
 The regulations of Henry the Eighth follow next in 
 order, and they were doubtless imitated and improved on 
 by succeeding monarchs, as occasion might require, until 
 they settled down into the form of our present Articles of 
 War, corroborated by the act " for punishing Mutiny and 
 Desertion, and for the better Payment of the Army and 
 their Quarters," which sanctions, by the necessary autho- 
 rity of Parliament, from time to time, the keeping a stand- 
 ing army within the United Kingdoms.! 
 
 It might be tedious here to insert the heads of this an- 
 cient military code verbatim ; we shall therefore content 
 
 T * Bacon's History of the ReigneofK. Hen. VII. p. 35. 
 \ Preamble to the Mutiny Act. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 109 
 
 ourselves with a description of the typographical peculia- 
 rities of the tract, and a summary abstract of its contents. 
 It is printed in quarto, in a bold black letter character 
 and headed : 
 
 tymaiUz en£ue certapne &tatuteg anD <®cDtnaunce£ of 
 Want, mate, orDegneD, enacted anD e£tabIp!$eD, bg fyz 
 mo£t noble, bictoniou£, anD mo£t 4rrg£ten ppnce, our 
 mo£t Dteaoe ^otoeragne lorDe ftpnge H^enrp tfje ^330. 
 
 Underneath is the impression of a wood block repre- 
 senting the arms of France and England quarterly, sup- 
 ported by two angels. 
 
 The arms of Castile. The badge of the double rose 
 (white and red) surmounted by a crown, in the centre 
 
 I H S for Irjaovs. On the back of the leaf, two shields, 
 one charged with the Arms of France, the other with the 
 arms of France and England quarterly. Above is an angel, 
 holding in each hand a sceptre, his head surmounted by a 
 cross. Underneath the shields two portcullises, surmounted 
 by eagles ; between them, in the centre, a peacock, the 
 badge of the Emperor Maximilian. In a border round 
 the above, various badges, — the antelope, portcullises, and 
 roses as before, the hart, the greyhound, the dragon 
 three escutcheons surmounted with ducal crowns the 
 centre charged with the three ostrich plumes, the badge of 
 the Princes of Wales. 
 
 The preamble follows, which sets forth that our Sove- 
 raigne Lord, Henry of this name the Eighth, King of Eng- 
 land and France, Lord of Ireland, " entendynge with all 
 godly spede to passe over the see in his owne persone, with 
 an Armye and Hoste Roy all for the repressynge the great 
 tyrannye of the French e Kynge now lately corny tted and 
 doon, as well in usurpyng upon Cristes Churche and the 
 patrymonye of the same, and in rasynge, noryshynge, and 
 
110 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 mayntenynge a detestable scisme in the sayde churche, to 
 the great inquyetacion of all Cristendome, as also in de- 
 teynynge by vyolence, reames,* landes, senyories, and do- 
 minions of dyverse and many Prynces, &c. &c. . . . And 
 inasmoche as for the honoure of his grace, suretie of his 
 hoste, and for th' atchevynge of his most noble purpose, it 
 apperteigneth and behoveth aswel t'ordre his folkes of the 
 warre in justyce by y e mynysters of y e lawe, as to arrayne 
 them in batayle by the chieftaynes of his armye, his 
 Hyghnes by thadvyce of suche lordes of his blode, ca- 
 pitaynes of his armye, and other folkes as be of his coun- 
 sayle, hathe made, ordeygned, and establysshed, certain 
 statutes and ordenaunces hereafter ensuynge/' 
 
 The articles are without numeral divisions, some classed 
 under heads and some without any such prehminary dis- 
 tinction of subject. 
 
 Article 1 st, prescribes obedience from all manner of men 
 in the King's Host to the Sovereign, under pain of hanging 
 and quartering, next to the Lieutenant, Marshal, and chief 
 Captains on pain of death, the next is "for holy churche " 
 under which head it is ordained " that noo man be so 
 hardy irreverently to touche eyther the Holy Sacrament " 
 of Godde's Body, or the boxe, or the vessel which the same 
 is in, upon payne to be drawen and hanged therefore." 
 
 For the infraction of this article, Shakspeare makes one 
 of FalstafFs dissolute retainers suffer death, who had, after 
 the demise of his facetious master, joined the army of 
 Henry the Fifth invading France. His sentence is thus 
 detailed by Ancient Pistol : 
 
 " Fortune is Bardolph's foe, and frowns on him, 
 For he hath stolen a Pix and hanged must be, 
 
 * Sic. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. Ill 
 
 A damned death, 
 
 Let gallows gape for dog, let man go free, 
 And let not hemp his windpipe suffocate, 
 But Exeter hath given the doom of Death 
 For Pix of little price* 
 
 The next section of this article provides against the pil- 
 lage of churches, the slaying or making prisoners of eccle- 
 siastical persons. 
 
 The 2d is " For Herbygage " that is for distributing 
 lodgings or quarters, the word is derived from the old 
 French term He?'berage.f The Quarter Masters are styled 
 Herbygyers, whence by a slight transition we have the 
 term Harbinger, the officer who provided lodgings in the 
 progresses of our Kings; for example, Macbeth thus 
 addresses Duncan : 
 
 " I'll be myself your Harbinger; and make joyful, 
 The hearing of my wife with your approach !" 
 
 One clause of the article for Herbygage, is that " after 
 tyme that Herbygage is assigned and delivered, that noo 
 man be so hardy hymselfe to dislodge ne to disarraye for 
 any thynge that maye falle, without commaundement of 
 hym that hath power, upon payne of horse and harneys, 
 to be put in arreste of the marshall to the tyme he have 
 made fyne with hym, to the kynges use as above, and 
 moreover theyr bodyes at the kynges wyll." 
 
 The 3d article is " for Moustres " (Musters.) — Musters 
 were taken by certain commissioners, who "shall dyly- 
 gently enquyre and se that every man commynge unto the 
 
 * Henry V. act iii. scene 6. 
 
 f The French is from the German Herberg an Inn, Herbergen, 
 to dwell. Hence the French Auberge, and the English word 
 Harbour. 
 
112 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 moustres have all his harneys * necessarye, and as apper- 
 teyneth for hym, without any gyle or subteltie. And in 
 especially at the firste moustre that every archer have his 
 bowe and arowes hole, that is to wytte, in arowes xxx or 
 xxiiij hedded and hole in a sheef, at the least. And for 
 the more suertie in this case the sayd comyssioners to 
 cause every souldyoure to swere that his harneys, bowe, 
 and arowes, be his owne, or his maister's, or capitaynes. 
 And also that no man that ones (once) moustred, and was 
 admytted for an Archer, alter or chaunge hymselfe into 
 any other condycyon, without the kynges specyall lycence, 
 upon payne of emprysonment at the kynges wyll." 
 
 This, and the Statutes enacted at this time for the en- 
 couragement of Archery, shew the superior estimation in 
 which the Bow was still held; though Lord Herbert, in his 
 Life and Reign of Henry VIII. says, the Caliver began then 
 to be generally received.! The next forbids " departynge 
 from the hoste without lycence." 
 
 4th. No man is to raise a Banner or Pennon, Arms or 
 Images, to assemble or withdraw people from the host 
 without the king's authority, on pain of death. 
 
 5th. Unlawful assemblies, bondes, conspirations, routs, 
 conventicles, murmurs, and grudges, against the king or 
 officers of his host forbidden. 
 
 6th. Watch and ward to be duly kept. 
 
 7th. No man to disarray him in the batayle, for no 
 Scrye that cometh in the hoste ; that is, none to break 
 their ranks for any shout or exclamation that may irregu- 
 larly arise. 
 
 * Soldiers on our modern service, always appear on the 24?th 
 of each month, muster day, in marching order, with the whole 
 of their necessaries in their knapsacks. 
 
 f P. 18. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 113 
 
 8th. Unlawful Escryes forbidden. If any Escrye be 
 made by " the enemy's hoste," the captain of the king's 
 ward to repair to the king, the other captains to the chief- 
 tain of the ward where they are lodged. This is a provi- 
 sion against a surprise. 
 
 9th. Robbing of merchants coming to the market, Rape, 
 and Murder forbidden. 
 
 10th. Resisting execution of Justice on criminals con- 
 demned, forbidden. 
 
 11th. Breach of the King's Arrest forbidden. "That 
 every man obeye unto the kynges sergeauntes, porters of 
 places, and all other offycers having auctorite to arrest 
 made by the kynge, marshall, &c. and that no man be so 
 hardy to brake theyr arrest upon payne of emprysonement, 
 and his bodye at the kynges will." 
 
 12th. Good rule to be kept. After the watch shall be 
 set until the time it be relieved in the morning, no manner 
 of man to make shouting, blowing of horns, or other whist- 
 ling or great noise, except the trumpets by special com- 
 mandment be ordered to blow. 
 
 13th. No man to bear new arms, other than he is born 
 to, without the advice of the officers of arms. 
 
 14th. No captain having any carriage, to appoint any 
 more souldiers receiving the king's pay, to attend on the 
 same, but such only as shall be requisite for making of his 
 lodging, setting up his "tents, hales, and pavilions." 
 
 15th. Every horseman at the first blast of the trumpet 
 to saddle his horse, at the second to bridle him, and at the 
 third to leap on his back, and to wait on the king, his lord, 
 or captain. 
 
 16th. Dice, cards, tables, Close-hand-out, and other 
 games of chance forbidden. Close-hand-out must have 
 been a game of guessing for money held in the hand ; boys 
 still play it for marbles and call it Odd or Even. 
 
 I 
 
114 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 17th. For Bordell kepynge in the hoste. Also that noo 
 man brynge with hym any maner of woman over the see 
 upon payne of forfayture of theyr goods to the Marshall, 
 and theyr bodyes to be emprysoned, there to remayne at 
 the kyng's wyll. And that no man holde no woman 
 within his logynge (lodging) beyonde the see* upon payne 
 of emprysonment and losse of a monethes wages. And 
 that noo commune woman presume to come within the 
 kynges hoste nor nyghe the same, by y e space of 3 miles, 
 upon payne, if any soo be taken, to be brent upon the right 
 cheke at the first tyme.* And if any be taken within the 
 hoste or within 3 miles of the same, after she or they have 
 be so brente, thenne she or they to be put into warde of 
 the Provoste Marshall, there to remayne in prysone as 
 longe as shall please the marshall, and to have further pun- 
 nycyon as by him shalbe thought convenient. 
 
 18th. Debate making, i. e. strife and contention, for- 
 bidden. 
 
 Also Debarretoures, which term seems to imply pro- 
 moters of strife about arms, prisoners' quarters, &c. 
 
 19th. That no man give reproach to another because of 
 
 * An ancient manuscript in the Harleian Library, of an 
 earlier period than these regulations, informs us that the Mar- 
 shal had a right, ex officio, to license twelve women of the above 
 description to follow the court in camp. He had a fine of a 
 groat from all others found within his jurisdiction. Successive 
 repetitions of the offence were visited with imprisonment, 
 shaving of the head, and the extreme and barbarous penalty 
 that the offender's " over lippe be cut off to the intent that she 
 shall provoke no man to kyssing." See " Some Account of the 
 Coronation of Richard the Second in the year 1377," by the 
 Editor of this work, p. 5. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 115 
 
 the countree that he is of, that is to say, be he French, 
 English, Northern, Walshe, or Irysshe. 
 
 20th. No man to be so hardy as to cry Havok. The cry 
 of Havock was the signal for the army to disperse and 
 plunder ;* the unauthorized use of a cry which must have 
 occasioned so much confusion, was necessarily a high mi- 
 litary misdemeanour. The term was perhaps originally 
 one of falconry. " Hafoc" in Saxon means a hawk. Shaks- 
 peare has made fine application of this term in his Julius 
 Caesar, where Anthony says : 
 
 " And Caesar's spirit, ranging for revenge, 
 With Ate by his side, come hot from hell, 
 Shall, in these confines with a monarch's voice, 
 Cry, Havock, and let slip the dogs of war !" 
 
 21st. For Brennynge. Setting fire to houses, &c. without 
 orders, forbidden on pain of death. 
 
 22d. All filth in the camp to be buried. 
 
 23d. Wine and other victual not to be wantonly wasted 
 a man may take " as much as him needeth." — This ordi- 
 nance applied to wine in modern days, would have, in many 
 instances, been a license inconsistent with good discipline. 
 I observe in these regulations no provision against drun- 
 kenness, whence it may be inferred that the vice was not 
 yet very prevalent. 
 
 24th. The Provost and Purveyors for the Ordenaunce 
 not to press horses, oxen, &c. without due contentation to 
 the owners. Any unauthorized person taking horses or 
 oxen going to the plough in a country won or patysedf 
 (subdued) to suffer death. 
 
 25th. For keeping of the Country. A country won, or 
 
 * " When the Constable and Marshal come to the felde and 
 cry Havok, every man to take his part." — Harl. MSS. n. 1309. 
 f Q. d. pactised, i. e. brought to terms, from the Latin pactus. 
 
116 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 by free will offered to the king's obedience, is not to be 
 robbed or pillaged after the king's peace is proclaimed, 
 ■upon pain of death. He that is thus reduced to the king's 
 obedience to bear a crosse of St. George. 
 
 26th. Justice to be kept within' the Retinue of the Or- 
 dynaunce. The Master of the Ordynaunce to judge of- 
 fenders. Appeal to be allowed to the Marshal. 
 
 27th. For taking of Prisoners. He that first shall have 
 his faith may take him for his prisoner, so that he take 
 from him his weapon or some token. The gauntlet or 
 the basnet was generally taken. 
 
 28th. For paying of Thryddes (thirds.) A third of all 
 spoil is to be rendered by the soldier to his Captain. The 
 Captain to render to the King a third part of these thirds, 
 and a third of his own particular spoil. 
 
 29th. No one to grant a safe conduct or congye (a pass- 
 port) to a prisoner, but the King, his Lieutenant, or 
 Marshal. 
 
 No one to grant a safe guard (an escort) to any noble 
 person but the King. 
 
 30th. For them thatbere not a bonde* or a crosse of St. 
 George. Also that every man goynge in ostynge or batayle 
 of what estate or condycyon he be, of the kynge's partie and 
 hoste (except he be a Bushop or Offycer of Armes) bere a 
 crosse of St. George, sufTysaunt and large. Vpon the 
 payne, that if he be wounded or slayne in the defaute 
 therof, he that so woundeth or sleeth hym shall bere no 
 payne therefore. And if he for any cause passes the 
 bondes of the felde, then he bere openly a crosse of Saynt 
 George with his capitaynes conysaunce, upon payne to be 
 emprysoned and puny shed at the Kynge's wyll. And that 
 
 * Qu. a badge ? 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 117 
 
 no souldyour bere no conysaunce, but the kynges and his 
 capitaines upon payne of deth, and that none enemye bere 
 the said signe of St. George, but if he be a prysoner and in 
 warde of his master, upon payne of deth. 
 
 31st. For makynge of roodes. No man to make a rood 
 (an inroad) by day or night, without licence of the king or 
 chief captains of the wards. 
 
 32d. For assaute making without license. No assaute 
 to be made to Castle, Town, Strength, or Fortress, by 
 Archers, or other Commoners, without the presence of a 
 captain appointed thereto by the King or his Lieutenant. 
 
 No one to withdraw a servant engaged to another for 
 "the vyage" (expedition), be he soldier, man of arms, 
 archer, groom, or page. 
 
 33d. For women in child-bed. No man to be so hardy 
 as to go into a lodging where a woman lieth in child-bed, 
 or to make affray there on pain of death, &c. 
 
 34th. For chyldren within the age of 13 years. No one 
 to make children within the age of 13 years prisoners ; 
 " but if he be a lord's son, or a worshipful gentlemen's, or 
 rich man's son, or a captain's," in that case he is to bring 
 him to his lord, master, or captain, as soon as he (the 
 captor) comes to the host. 
 
 The whole code is summed up with the admonition and 
 declaration which has been recited in the early portion of 
 these notes. 
 
 Then follows the Cofophon. " «£mprpnteti at tjjc jbpfitjbs 
 comauntiement of out ^otaapne louDe fyt ftpnge $enrp tj)e 
 %%%%% ty ifticjjartie J&pngon, printer unto fy$ noble <£race. 
 €£e pete of our for&e |E£v£C£C anti £33131." 
 
 At the end is the monogram employed by Pynson, sur- 
 mounted by a helmet and crest. In the border, a boy shoot- 
 ing with a hackbut at a popinjay, the Virgin and St. Catha- 
 rine, and the name of " Richard Pynson " at length. 
 
118 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 Original Documents relating to the Lady Jane Grey's 
 succession to the Crown on the demise of Edzvard VI. 
 
 However familiar to the English reader the history of 
 this pious and accomplished young lady may be, we shall 
 observe, in introducing the following papers, that Charles 
 Brandon, Knight of the Garter, Master of the Horse to 
 King Henry VIII. was by him, anno 1513, created Vis- 
 count Lisle and Duke of Suffolk ; his third wife was Mary, 
 youngest daughter of Henry VII. sister of Henry VIII. 
 and widow of Lewis XII. King of France. 
 
 Frances, the elder daughter of the issue of this marriage, 
 was married to Henry Grey, Marquis of Dorset, afterwards 
 Duke of Suffolk. Joan or Jane, his elder daughter (a di- 
 rect descendant of Henry VII. as is seen by the above 
 lineal deduction) was espoused to Guildford Dudley, fourth 
 son of John Duke of Northumberland, who by these 
 means aimed at intimately connecting his family with the 
 regal power, and thus obtaining a good chance of its being 
 finally vested in his own descendants. 
 
 After the execution of the Lord Protector Seymour 
 Duke of Somerset, the King's maternal uncle, to whose 
 office in the state Northumberland succeeded, the latter per- 
 suaded Edward VI. to transfer the Crown to his daughter- 
 in-law Jane Dudley, excluding the King's sisters Mary and 
 Elizabeth from the throne. Indeed, he made some unsuc- 
 cessful attempts to form a matrimonial alliance for the latter 
 with a foreign prince, and the title of both princesses was 
 now set aside on the plea of bastardy, founded on the suc- 
 cessive divorces of their mothers Katharine of Arragon 
 and Anna Boleyn^ and the danger the Reformed Religion 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 1 1,£ 
 
 would incur, should Mary (a rigid Papist) or Elizabeth, suc- 
 ceeding to the crown, marry a foreign prince '* of the Romish 
 faith, and thus bring the imperial realm of England into the 
 tyranny and servitude of the Bishop of Rome." These con- 
 trivances cost in the end Northumberland's own life, and 
 the lives of the innocent Jane, her husband, and her 
 father. The unambitious amiable character of the Lady 
 Jane, inclined her to repudiate rather than to seek worldly 
 honours and elevation. Her good sense suggested to her 
 how slender the legal foundation was of her right to the 
 English throne, the descent of which could not justly be 
 modified by the testamentary decree of any of its occu- 
 pants pro tempore* " I know," said she, addressing her 
 fathers by blood and by alliance, "that the laws of this king- 
 dom and natural right, stand for the Lady Mary and Eli- 
 zabeth, as successors to the crown, in preference to my- 
 self. I would beware of burthening my weak conscience 
 with a yoke which belongs to them. I am not so little 
 read in the snares of fortune to suffer myself to be taken 
 by them, she elevates only in order to ruin. If she crown 
 me to-day, she will crush me to-morrow." The persua- 
 sions of the Dukes, and of her husband, whom she dearly 
 loved, overcame, however, her better judgment, and she 
 accepted the crown. Her nine days' semblance of a reign,f 
 
 * A little before the King's death, the Judges were sent for 
 by the King at the suggestion of Northumberland, to draw an 
 assignment of the Crown to the Lady Jane Grey. They all de- 
 murred at the proposition as illegal, and were only brought to 
 compliance by the miserable expedient of a pardon under the 
 Great Seal. Hales, although of the Protestant party, at the 
 risk of his property and life, nobly refused his subscription to 
 the last. 
 
 t She was proclaimed by the Lords of the Council on the 
 10th of July 1553 ; who reversed the decree and performed the 
 same official act for Mary, on the 19th of the same month. 
 
120 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 and the rigour of the bloody penalty she paid for its enjoy- 
 ment, need not be dilated on here, further than to note 
 some interesting particulars, characteristic of her Christian 
 fortitude and faith when the catastrophe brought on by the 
 political intrigues of which she was the victim approached 
 its consummation. This was hastened by the insurrection of 
 Wyatt,in which her father the Duke of Suffolk participated. 
 On Monday, the 12th of February, 1554, her husband Lord 
 Guildford Dudley was brought out through the Tower 
 Gate to Tower Hill, and delivered to Thomas Offley, She- 
 riff of London, for execution, which being performed, his 
 body was re- conveyed into the Tower in a cart, the disse- 
 vered head placed beside it, enveloped in a napkin. His 
 remains were taken out in the sight of the Lady Jane his 
 wife, to be deposited in the Tower Chapel. Her religious 
 confidence enabled her to endure with the firmest self- 
 possession this ghastly and revolting spectacle, as she was 
 led forth to the scaffold prepared for her own death. 
 With a singularly mild and patient demeanour, she thus 
 addressed the spectators. "Good people, I am come 
 hither to die, and by a law I am condemned to the same. 
 My offence against the Queen's highness was only in con- 
 senting to the device of others, now in me deemed treason; 
 but that device was never of my seeking, but by counsel 
 of those who appeared to have better understanding of 
 such things than I, who knew little of the law in general, 
 much less of that relating to the Titles of the Crown. As 
 to the procurement or desire of such dignity by me, I 
 wash my hands in innocency thereof before God and the 
 face of all you good Christian people this day." Here she 
 emphatically wrung her hands, in which she held a book of 
 prayer. " Now, I pray you ! good Christian people, to bear 
 witness that I die in the true Christian faith, looking to be 
 saved by no other means, than the mercy of God in the 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 121 
 
 blood of his only son Christ Jesus. I confess that, know- 
 ing the word of God I have neglected the same, I have 
 loved myself and the world, and therefore this plague and 
 punishment has justly happened to me for my sins. Yet 
 blessed be God, of his goodness he hath allowed me a 
 respite and an interval for repentance. And now, good 
 people, while I am alive, assist me in this trial with your 
 prayers." She then knelt down, repeated in English the 
 pathetic 67th Psalm, of which the following portion was so 
 applicable to her situation of trial, and expressive of her 
 confidence in her Redeemer. " Be merciful unto me, O 
 God ! be merciful unto me, for my soul trusteth in thee, 
 and under the shadow of thy wings shall be my refuge 
 until this tyranny be overpast." 
 
 With the greatest calmness, fortitude, and attention 
 to female propriety, she went through the remaining 
 scene of this tragedy, giving her maid Ellen her handker- 
 chief and gloves, her prayer book to the Lieutenant of the 
 Tower. Declining the assistance of the executioner, she made 
 her gentlewomen remove her gown and head-dress, laid 
 her head meekly on the block, and died with the exclama- 
 tion, " Lord, into thy hands I commend my spirit !" 
 
 ( 45. ) 
 
 Letters under the signet and sign manual of Jane the Queen, 
 addressed to the Marquis of Northampton, Lieutenant of 
 Surrey, the Deputies of the Lieutenancy, &c. She having suc- 
 ceeded to rightful possession of the kingdom by the mil (i. e. 
 the testamentary direction) of the late King, her dear cousin 
 and progenitor, makes her entry this day into the Tower as 
 rightful Queen of the Realm. The possession of the Tower 
 
122 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 by a claimant of the Crown, it has been observed,* implied 
 that of the Empire. Our ancient Kings always occupied 
 that fortress, previously to their coronation. 
 
 Jane the Quene. 
 Right trustie and right welbeloved, we grete you 
 well, advertising the same, that where' (whereas) 
 yt hath pleased almighty God to call to his mercie 
 out of this lief our derest cousen the King, your 
 late sovereigne lorde,by reason wherof and suche 
 ordennces as the said late King did establishe in his 
 lief tyme for the securitie and welthe of this 
 Realme, we are entrerid into our rightfull posses- 
 sion of this kingdome, as by the last (will) of o' 
 said derest cousen our late pgenitor, and other se- 
 verall instruments to that effect, signed w'th his 
 owne hande and sealed w'th the grete seale of this 
 realme in his own presence. Wherunto the nobles 
 of this realme for the most pte, and all our coun- 
 saill and Judges, w th the Mayo' and Aldermen of 
 our Cytie of london, and dyvers other grave pson- 
 ages of this o' realme of England, have also sub- 
 scribed there names as by the same will and instru- 
 ment it maye more evidently and plainly apere. 
 We therfore doo yo' to understand, that by th'or- 
 dennce and sufferunce of the hevenly Lord, and by 
 assent and consent of o' said nobles and counci- 
 lors, and others before specifyed, we doo this 
 daye make our enterye into our Towre of London 
 as rightfull Quene of this realme, and have accord- 
 
 * Page 17. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 1 23 
 
 ingly sett furthe our pclamac'ons to all o' loving 
 subjects, gyveing them therby to understande 
 there duties and alegeunce w'ch they now of right 
 owe unto us, as more amplie by the same you shall 
 briefly pceyve and understand, nothing doubting 
 right trustie and right welbeloved cosen, but that 
 you will indever yourself in all things to the utter- 
 most of yo' powre not only to defend our just title 
 but also assist us in our rightfull possession of this 
 kingdom, and to disturbe, repell, and resist the 
 fayned and untrue clayme of the lady Mary, bas- 
 terd daughter to our grete uncle Henry the eight 
 of famous memory. Wherin as you shall doo that 
 w'ch to yo' hono\ truthe, and dutie apteyneth^ so 
 shall we remember the same unto you and yours 
 accordingly. And our further pleas' is, that you 
 shall contynue, doo, and execute every thinge and 
 thinges as our lieutenant w th in all places, accord- 
 ing to the tenor of the comission, addressed unto 
 you from our late cousen King Edward the vi, in 
 sucheand like sort as if the same hadd byn, as we 
 mynde shortely it shalbe, renued and by us con 
 confyrmed under our greate seale unto you. 
 Geven under" our Signet at our Tower of london 
 thisxi ih of July, the fur st y ere of our reign.* 
 
 Indorsed, To our right trusty 
 and right welbeloved Cousyn and 
 Counsaille' the Marquis of North- 
 
 * Filled up in a different hand. 
 
124 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 amp ton, our lieutenant of our 
 County of Surrey, and our trusty 
 and welbeloved the deputes of that 
 Lieutenancye and the Sheriff and 
 chief Justices of Peas and the 
 worshypfull of that Shire. 
 
 (46.) 
 
 Jane the Queen, under her signet and sign manual to the She- 
 riff, the Justices, and the Gentlemen of Surrey, exhorts them 
 to be stedfast in their obedience to the Imperial Crown, not- 
 withstanding the slanderous reports published by the Lady 
 Mary and her adherents, derogatory to her (the Queen's) 
 title and dignity royal. 
 
 By the Quene. 
 Jane the Quene. 
 Trustie and wel beloved, we grete you well. 
 Albeit that o' estate in this imperiall Crowne, 
 whereof we be actually and really possessed, as 
 p'tely may appere by o' proclamac'on, wherin our 
 tytle is published, is not ne can be any wise doubt- 
 full to all such our good and faithfull subjectes, as, 
 setting blynd affection apart, do in reason and 
 wysdome considre the very foundacon andgrounde 
 of o* tytle, w* the grete comodities therby coming 
 thorough God's providence to the preservacon of o' 
 cofnon weale and polycie, yet for that we under- 
 stande the Ladye Ma rye dothe not cease by 1'res 
 in hir name, provoked therto by hir adherents ene- 
 myes of this realme, to publishe and notifie sklaun- 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 125 
 
 derously to dyverse of o' subjects, matter deroga- 
 tory to our title and dignitie royall, withe the 
 sklaundres of certen of o' nobilitie and counsell. 
 We have thought mete to admonishe and exhorte 
 you, as o' true and faithfull subjects, to remayne 
 fast in yo' obeysaunce and duetie to the impiall 
 Crowne of this realme, wherof we havejustely the 
 possession, and not to be removed any wise from 
 yo' dutie by sklaunderous reportes, or of l'res dis- 
 psed abrode, either by the said Lady Marye, or by 
 hir adherents, for truely like as the nobilitie of o' 
 realme, our Counsell, our prelates, our judges, and 
 lerned men, and others, good, wise, godly, and na- 
 tural! subjects, do remayne fast andsureliein their 
 allegiaunce towards us, redy to adventure their 
 lieves, landes, and goodes, for o' defence, so can a 
 greate numbre of the same nobilitie, counsaile, and 
 judges truely testiefye to all the worlde in savetye 
 of their conscience, howe carefully and earnestly 
 the late king of famous memorye, o' dere cousen 
 king Edwarde the sixt, from tyme to tyme mo- 
 tioned and provoked them ptely by pswasions, 
 ptely commaundements, to have suche respect to 
 his succession, if god shuld call him to his mercye 
 w*out issue, as might be the preservacon of the 
 crowne in the hole undefyled Englishe bloude. 
 And therfore of his owne mere mocon, both by 
 graunt of his l'res patents, and by declaracon of his 
 will, established the successors as it is declared by 
 o' proclamacon And for the testimony e hereof, 
 
126 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 to the satisfaction of suche as shal conceyve any 
 doubt herin, we understand that certen of o' 
 nobilitye have written to you at this present in 
 some pte to admonishe you of yo' duties, and to 
 testiefie their knowledge of the truethe of o' tytle 
 and right. Wherfore w T e leave to procede further 
 therin being assured in the goodnes of god that yo' 
 harts shalbe confirmed to owe yo' duetye to us yo' 
 Soveraigne Ladye, who meane to preserve this 
 Crowne of Englande in the royall bloude, and out 
 of the D'mon (dominion) of straungers and papists, 
 w* the defence of all you o' good subjects, yo' 
 lieves, landes, and goodes, in o' peace, against the 
 invasions and violences of all foreen or inward 
 enemies and rebells. Geven undre o' Signet at o* 
 Tower of London, the xvi th day of July, in the 
 first yere of our Raigne. 
 
 Indorsed, To our trustie and wel 
 beloved the Shrief, Justices of Peas, 
 and other gentilmen of our Countie 
 of Surrey, and to every of them. 
 
 Original Documents, (some under the sign manual of Queen 
 Mary) relating to Wyattfs Rebellion. 
 
 Mary, who had the scheme of re-converting her subjects 
 to the Popish faith so much at heart, with this view formed 
 an alliance with Philip Prince of Spain, son of the Empe- 
 ror Charles the Fifth ; her decision on this head had been 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 127 
 
 but a few days promulgated by Gardiner, Bishop of Win- 
 chester, her Lord Chancellor, in the presence chamber at 
 Westminster, to the Members of the Council, when Sir 
 Thomas Wyatt, a gentleman of landed property, residing 
 at his seat, Allington Castle on the Medway, in Kent, son of 
 Sir Thomas Wyatt the Poet, and formerly a Privy Councillor 
 to Henry VIII. published a proclamation* at Maidstone, 
 
 * We subjoin the proclamation at length, from a contempo- 
 rary printed authority : 
 
 A Proclamation agreed unto by Thomas Wyatt, George 
 Harper, Henrye Isleye. Knightes, and by dyvers of the best 
 of the shire (Kent), sent unto the Commons of the same. 
 
 Forasmuche as it is now sprede abrode, and certinly pro- 
 nounced by the Lorde Chancelour and other of the Councel, of 
 the Queene's determinate pleasure to marry with a stranger. 
 We therefore write unto you, because ye be our neyghbours, 
 because ye bee ourfrendes, and because ye be Englishmen, that 
 ye wyll joyne with us as we wil with you unto death in this be- 
 halfe, protesting unto you before God that no other earthly cause 
 could move us unto this enterprise but this alone, wherin we 
 seeke no harme to the Quene but better counsel and counselours, 
 which also we would have forborne in al other matters, saving 
 only in this. For herin lieth the helth and welth of us al. For 
 trial herof and manifest proof of this intended purpose, lo, now, 
 even at hand, Spaniardes be nowe alreadye arrived at Dover at 
 one passage, to the nombre of an hundreth, passing upwarde to 
 London, in companies often, foure, and vi. with harnes, harque- 
 buses, and morians, with match light, the foremoste company 
 wherof be alreadie at Rochester. We shall require you there- 
 fore to repaire to such places as the bearers hereof shall pro- 
 nounce unto you, there to assemble and determine what may 
 be best for th' advauncement of libertie and commonwealth in 
 this behalfe, and to bring with you such ayde as you maye." 
 See the " Historie of Wyate's Rebellion, with the order and 
 
128 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 against the Queen's marriage, as likely to entail on the Eng- 
 lish nation thraldom to a foreign prince. Although a papist, 
 lie sacrificed his religious opinions to his patriotism. 
 He had been formerly employed in embassies to Spain, 
 and was disgusted with the arbitrary cruelties exercised by 
 the government of that country. He was joined in his 
 undertaking by several other gentlemen of Kent. At the 
 same time Henry Duke of Suffolk, father of the Lady Jane 
 Grey, made a similar proclamation in Leicestershire and 
 Warwickshire with little success. Wyatt advanced towards 
 London at the head of four thousand men.* The metropolis 
 was thrown for some days into alarm and confusion. 
 Lord William Howard was appointed Lieutenant of the 
 City, and Herbert Earl of Pembroke, General of the Field ? 
 against him ; not, however, finding the support which he 
 expected from the Londoners, after assaulting the city at 
 the bridge foot, he crossed the river near Kingston, appa- 
 rently with the intention of surprising the Queen at the 
 Court at St. James's by a coup de main. He was, however, 
 received with such a shew of resistance by the force under 
 the Earl of Pembroke, that his followers became dispirited, 
 yielded to the proffer of pardon contained in the Queen's 
 proclamation, as found in the Loseley Collection, and dis- 
 persed ; Wyatt himself, finding the Queen's residence so 
 well covered by her troops, made a detour, with a few fol- 
 lowers, by the Park wall, and came to Ludgate, when the 
 City gate was shut against him. He then endeavoured to 
 
 maner of resisting the same, &c. made and compyled by John 
 Proctor, Mense Januarii, anno 1555." Reprinted in the Anti- 
 quarian Repertory, vol. iii. p. 65. The author was the first 
 Master of the newly founded Grammar School at Tunbridge. 
 
 * See the above, and Holinshed, sub anno 1554, fol. edit. p. 
 1099. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 129 
 
 make a virtue of necessity, and repaired to the Court to 
 tender a voluntary submission. It availed him nothing ; 
 he was committed to the Tower, where, at the gloomy 
 dock and portal by the water side, well known by the de- 
 signation of the Traitor's Gate, he was received by the 
 Lieutenant Sir John Bridges, who with that excess of loy- 
 alty, which often savours more of self-interest than sin- 
 cerity, collared him, upbraided him with his revolt, and 
 told him, but that he must suffer the law, he would stab 
 him with his dagger on the spot. Wyatt, a comely person- 
 age, attired in a costly hauberk of mail, above which was a 
 tabard of velvet, having over his shoulder a yellow laced 
 scarf, to which was attached the windlace, for bending the 
 lock of his dag or pistol, a pair of buskins on his legs, and 
 on his head a velvet hat edged with a " broad bone work- 
 lace," folding his arms, cast a grim and contemptuous look 
 on the officio as courtier, exclaiming, " It is no mastery 
 now,"* or in the language of our day, " this is no triumph 
 for you to boast of/' and so with firm and manly port 
 passed on to his dungeon, whence he was taken shortly 
 after to his death. 
 
 (47.) 
 
 Queen Mary's Proclamation of pardon to such of Sir Thomas 
 Wyatt's followers as should, within twenty-four hours of the 
 knowledge thereof, depart peaceably to their own homes. 
 
 Mary the Quene. 
 The Queries most excellent ma tie , understand- 
 inge howe Thorns Wiate, confederate w* other 
 lewde & evell disposed psons, have, under the 
 
 * Holinshed, sub anno 1554, p. 1099. 
 K 
 
130 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 p'tense of the b'nefyte of the comon weal the of the 
 real me, to w*stande straungers, sette forthe a pro- 
 clamacon thereby t'assemble her highnes good 
 true and loving subjects, to the disturbaunce of 
 ihe Realme, the confusion of this cofrionwealthe, 
 and the distruccon of her most noble psonne & 
 astate (w cb God forbidde) her said highnes being 
 m'cyfully movid towards the conservacon of her 
 subjects from all prill & daunger, and gladde to 
 releave suche as shoulde be by sinistre mocions 
 abused and seduced, hathe thought good to signifie 
 unto her said subjects^ that whosoever, upon any 
 proclamation made and set forth by the said Tho- 
 mas, or any other p'vate man, to the p'pose afore- 
 said, shall happen t'assemble according to the same 
 and upon knowledge hereof shall w*in xxiiij 
 hower after returne to theire houses and lvve there 
 quyetley and obedientlie, her highnes is contented 
 to pardon that their doinge in the said assemblies 
 and to defend and mayntayne them as her highnes 
 good subjectes, to the benefite and comforte of 
 them & their posteritie. 
 
 Indorsed, " Concordat cum vera 
 originali in omnibus. Per me T. 
 Saunders, Vicecomes" (Sheriff of 
 Surrey) . 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 131 
 
 (48.) 
 
 Letters under the Queen's signet and sign manual, command- 
 ing Sir Thomas Cawarden to prepare himself, his servants, 
 and his tenants, to march at an hour v s notice against the 
 rebels. 
 
 By the Quene. 
 Mary the Quene. 
 Trusty and welbeloved, we grete yo u well. And 
 where (whereas) we be sundrie wayes enformed 
 that Thomas Wyat and sume others have of late, 
 by spreading abrode most false and vayne rumo rs , 
 pcured to stirre our subjects of our conntie of 
 Kent, to ryse against us, our crowne, and dignitie 
 royall. Albeit we have allredy taken suche ordre 
 as we doubt not shalbe sufficient to represse and 
 overthrowe the unnaturall conspiracie, yet have 
 we neverthelesse thought good to require and 
 charge yo u forth w'th, upon the sight hereof, to put 
 yo r sellf in full ordre w th as many of yo r servaunts 
 and tenaunts as ye can make (both on horsseback 
 and foote), to be in redines to marche and set for- 
 wards uppon bower's warning, ether agaynst the 
 sayd rebells or suche other wayes as shalbe signi- 
 fied unto you from us. And in the meane tyme 
 to have good regarde to the quiet order of the 
 partes where ye dwell, causing all suche idle and 
 lewde psones as shall ether by spreading abrode of 
 untrue rumours, or by any other meanes attempt 
 to stirre or disquiet our loving subjects, to be ap- 
 prehended and punisshed as the qualitie of theyr 
 
 k2 
 
132 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 offences shall deserve. Geven und r o r signet at o r 
 mano r of St. James, the xxvi th of Januarie, in the 
 fyrst yere of our Reigne. 
 
 To our trustie and welbeloved S r 
 Thomas Cawarden^ knyght. 
 
 (49.) 
 
 The Queen deputes Lord William Howard, Lord Admiral of 
 England, into the Counties of Surrey and Kent, by letters 
 given at St. James's 29th January, 1553, at night. 
 
 By the Quene. 
 We wyll and comand you, & every of you, to 
 gyve credit unto o r right trusty and well beloved 
 Councellor the lord WylPm Howard, lord Admy- 
 rall of England, whom we have depetyed unto o r 
 shires of Surrey and Kent, for certayn o r affayres 
 comyttyd unto hym, requyring and chargyngyou 
 also to be unto the same o r Councellor aydyng, as- 
 systyng, & obedyenr, as ye tender o r presence and 
 the savetie of o r parson royall, and wyll answer to 
 the contrary at yo r extreme peryll. Geven under 
 o r signet at o r Manor of Saynt James, the xxvi th of 
 January at nyght, The fyrst yere of o r reygne. 
 
 To o' Sherreif of o' Counties of 
 Sussex & Surrey, and other Of- 
 fycers, Mynysters, o' subjects in 
 the sayd Counties & elsewhere. & 
 to everye of them. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 133 
 
 * 
 
 (50.) 
 
 Lord William Howard commands the Sheriff to seize Sir 
 Thomas Cawarden's harness, weapons, horses, and munitions 
 of war. The insurgents had already rifled the armoury of 
 Sir Henry Sydney at Penshurst, during his absence at the 
 Court. Sir Thomas Cawarden's adherence to the Queen 
 was mistrusted, and his warlike stores it will be seen were for- 
 midable. 
 
 These be to comaund & charg you & ev'y of 
 you furw th , uppon the sight herof, imediately take, 
 carry, and convay away from the howse of S r 
 Thorns Cawarden, knyght, all such harnes, wea- 
 pons, gonnes, munycions of war, & horses, unto 
 such place & places wher it shalbe unto you ap- 
 provyd, & that you wyll make answer for. And 
 this my writyng shalbe unto you & ev'y of you a 
 suffycient warrant & discharg agaynst the sayde S r 
 Thom s and all others in that behalf. Geven at 
 Rygat the xxix th of January, anno primo D'ne 
 Marie Regine. 
 
 W. HOWARDE. 
 
 To the Sheryffe of Surr' Justic's 
 of Peace of the same, gentylmen, 
 bayles (bailiffs), constables, and 
 all other the Queries lovyng 
 subjects. 
 
 (51.) 
 
 On the same subject. 
 
 Mayster Sheriffe, 
 
 Because I was in dowte wyther I did put you 
 
 in remembrance at Mr. Carden's house, that you 
 
 should bring away the ordinaunce that is ther ? 
 
134 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 this ys to dessier you in any wyse to se that 
 
 brought away. I writt to my lordes of the coun- 
 
 ceil of all o'r doyings, and further that they shuld 
 
 wryte to you whither you shuld bring all that 
 
 stufle, and who shulde receyve it of you, w ch I 
 
 doubt not but you shall receyve knowledg from 
 
 them by nyght. I pray you also bryng away the 
 
 rest of the horses that be ther, and so I byd you 
 
 farwell. From my house of Ryegate this p'sent 
 
 sonday w* hand of yo' assured ffrend, 
 
 W. Howarde. 
 To my very good ffrend 
 
 Sir Thomas Saunders, Sheryffe 
 
 of the Shyre of Surrey. 
 
 (52.) 
 Sir Thomas Cazvarden's Armoury, 
 
 Artillery, weapons, harneis, and munitions of warre, received 
 from the Lady Elizabeth Garden, by the Sheriff of Surrey, to 
 the Queen's use, SO January 1533. 
 
 102 corseletts at 28s. the pece ; 100 morys pikes at 3s. 
 4d.; 50 moryans with close eares at 8s. ; 50 moryans with 
 eares for hackbutts at 6s. 8d.; 20 stele collars at 3s. Ad. ; 22 
 horsemen's hedd peces at 1 3s. 4d. ; 20 stele sadells at 16s. 
 30 pair of gantlets at 5s. ; 6 pair of vambraces with pol- 
 derns at 10s.; 4 velvet sadells and a horse harneis of vel 
 vet £2 8. 
 
 20 shertts of mayle £20 ; 50 blacke corsletts £75; 26* 
 whyte corsletts £38 ; 50 burgonetts £18 ; the Italyan bur- 
 gonetts (number not specified) £16. 14s.; 30 pair of 
 gauntlettts £5 ; 16 pair of cushetts (cuisses) £10. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 135 
 
 Almayne Ryvetts with their furniture 54; 24 demy 
 launces, 50 black bills Is. Ad. each; 40 horseman's staves, 
 coloured white and black, 46 light horseman's staves; 10O 
 bowes of the best kynd (wych* bowes) 3s. Ad. each; 100 
 sheves of arrowes of the best kynd, cassyd in cases, at 
 2s. Ad. (the sheaf) ; 100 pikes £16. 13s. Ad.; 20 corseletts ; 
 100 sallets lackyng gorgets ; black brigantynes of stele plate 
 40s. each, with their murryons 10s. each; white brigan- 
 dines of stele plate 40s. each; plated jacks 9s. each; gilt 
 partisans 13s. Ad. each; white ditto 5s. each; white hal- 
 
 berts 5s. each ; yellow javelyns with broad heads 
 
 halberds, garnished with red, yellow, and silk tassells ; 
 40 half hakes, 2 Spanish hand guns, one with a fiar lock 
 (fire-lock) and the wrest (rest) to the same, the other 
 playne, 2 demyhakes stocked, 34 without stocks, 2 bases 
 in stocks, 2 chambers for bases, 16 great peeces of ord- 
 naunce of yron, whereof 2 are chamber peeces, double 
 bases wrought, double bases cast, a cast robenett of yron, 
 double, single, and waggon base chambers, 50 black corse- 
 letts, 26 white, 8 lawnes, 3 grand guards, a dagge with a 
 case, bender, and charges, 10 pair of moryan sieves, 1 
 dozen of old swerds, a little house with 1 jacks, another 
 with certain fyles. 
 
 90 Almayne ryvetts,f a complete harnes graven, lackyng 
 a gauntlett ; another of whyte plate, lackyng shoes. 
 
 * Of the best kind of wych, the material for the bows of the 
 common sort of archers. Ascham says it was very inferior to 
 the yew. Toxophilus, Reprint, p. 144. 
 
 t What Almayne ryvet precisely was, none of the writers on 
 ancient armour have, distinctly, instructed us. That the term 
 was applicable to the whole suit of armour appears to be decided 
 by a passage in Hall's Chronicle, which describes King Henry 
 VIII. as apparelled in Almayne ryvet, crested, his vambrace of 
 the same, and on his head a chapeau montauban (a steel cap, we 
 
136 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 Horse caparisons. — A black velvet harness with gilt 
 studs £6. 135. 4d.; a jennet's ditto, fringed and tasseled 
 
 conjecture) with a rich coronal, the chapeau lined with crimson 
 satten, and on it a rich broach with the image of St. George ; 
 wearing over his Almayne ryvet a surcoat of white cloth of 
 gold with a red cross. See the Editor's Introduction to Stot- 
 hard's Monumental Effigies of Great Britain, p. 7. 
 
 That Almayne ryvet was not the ordinary plate armour may 
 be gathered from the distinction between them observable 
 in this list. We may conclude that it was a defensive suit 
 for the body, of German manufacture, composed of splints 
 rivetted together. There is a document in the Loseley Col- 
 lection which we shall, as the most apposite place, append to 
 this note, which shews that the art of making body armour and 
 offensive weapons was introduced into this kingdom from Ger- 
 many by the care of Henry VIII. The paper has no date, but 
 is evident of the re ; gn of James the First ; we transcribe it at 
 length : 
 
 To the Honorable Assembly of the Commons of Englande, 
 in the high Courte of Parliamente, the humble petic'on of 
 the Armor makers, Gonne makers, and of the like Arti- 
 ficers, within the City of London and the suburbs thereof: 
 Shewinge that whereas our late soveraigne Lord King Henry 
 the eyght, out of his royall care for the goocle of this Realme, 
 did direct his gracious letters to certaine Princes in Germanie, 
 for the sendinge over in this Realme of artificers of the foresayd 
 like arts. But alsoe at their coming hither did give and allowe 
 unto them lardge ffees during their aboad here in his realme, in- 
 tending thereby that his Ma' ties subjects might learne of them 
 the making of rnunicion fitt for the warrs, that the future ser- 
 vice of this realme might be sufficiently furnisshed with armor 
 and weapons that should bee made within his realme. According 
 to his Ma'ties sayd intention his Ma'ties subjects were so care- 
 full in learning the sayd trades, that this realme, through their 
 greate industry, has ever since bin better furnisshed with suffi 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 137 
 
 with gold £6 ; one of Turkey work £3 ; one of black sattin 
 embroidered with silver £8 ; one of blue leather embroi- 
 
 cicnt store of goode Armor and weapons, and at lesse prices, 
 than any other kingdom hath of many years bin. The w'ch 
 trades having bin ever since continued within this realme, in 
 the time of our late soveraigne Quene Elizabeth there were 
 xxxv armor makers within the City of London and the suburbs 
 thereof, who kept servants and shopps, who being now greatly 
 decayed for wante of sale of their armors, there nowremayneth 
 only ffive of them within the same who doo exercise the sayd 
 trade. All which doe keepe but one servant, not being able to 
 keepe more for want of employment and meanes of mainte- 
 nance for them. And w'ch are like utterly to decay, and the 
 sayd trades to be extinguished, by reason that the statute 
 made in the 4th andothyeares of KingePhillipe and Queen Mary, 
 w'ch authorized magistrates to injoine a provision of armor and 
 other weapons, is repealed by a statute made in the first yeare 
 of his Ma'ties reigne. Unlesse by your wisdome, care, and 
 providence some course be taken whereby your suppl' [suppli- 
 ants] may be releeved. Your suppl' (in their bounden duty) 
 thought meete to certifie your hono' thereof, hoping that by 
 your wisedomes, care, and providence for the saffety of thes 
 flourishinge kingdome, some good law may bee provided 
 whereby the same may bee continually ffurnished with service- 
 able armor and weapons, as it hath formerly bin, and the sayd 
 trades still continued within the realme. Allwt'hwe, ye now 
 small remainder of ye artificers of that kinde, doe humbly & 
 truly proteste is sincerely and truly intended for the future 
 saffety of this realme. The most of us for wante of employe- 
 ment in this "kind having already betaken ourselves to live by 
 some other meanes, and the few residue shal be found so to doe. 
 And therefore have presumed in this humble sorte to informe 
 this honorable howse of Parliament, how ye case standeth — 
 and most humbly leave it to your judgments to doe herin as 
 
138 
 
 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 dered £4; one of red leather embroidered £ C S; one of 
 black velvet 40s. A blue velvet saddle lined with parch- 
 
 shall seeme in yor wisdome to bee most convenient for the fu- 
 ture saffety of this famous kingdome." 
 
 A corroboration of the statement that the policy of Henry 
 VIII. introduced the making of armour into England, is found 
 in a singular document in the Cotton Library, being a sort of 
 refutation of the pretensions of William Dethick, Garter King 
 at Arms, to a respectable English descent. The document is in 
 itself sufficiently amusing, exclusive of its direct application to 
 the subject of this note. We subjoin it : — 
 
 THE TRUE PEDIGREE OF WM. DETHECK, CALLED GARTER. 
 Robert Derick, a Duche man borne, and^Agatha, daughter of Mathyas 
 
 by occupation a forger of armore, came 
 into England w* Erasmus Crakener, Yeo- 
 man Armorer to King Henry 8, and did 
 forge Armore for y e said Kinge at Green- 
 wich for 10 pence by the day ; he died be- 
 fore his 3 sonns were made Denysons, as 
 appeareth by y e ActeofP'liament 33 H. 8. 
 
 Leyendecker, a Duche barbore, 
 dwellinge in the Cytie of Aeon, 
 in Germany, was wife to Robert 
 Dericke, and had issue by him 
 3 sons. 
 
 Dericke 
 Dericke, 
 eldest 
 sonne. 
 
 1 
 
 Mathew Derike, 
 2 nd Sone by that 
 name, exhibited 
 a pe'tion to 
 Kinge Edw d 6, 
 that he might 
 sett up a shope 
 in London and 
 teache English- 
 men to make Ar- 
 more. He had of 
 the said kinge 10 
 pence by day, as 
 his Father had of 
 Kinge Hen. 8. 
 
 Gilbert Dericke, by that name^p Alice, daugh- 
 
 25 Hen. 8, was created Hampes 
 Pursuevant extraordinary e, on 
 Corpus Christy day, and un- 
 derstandinge himselfe not to 
 be capable of any place ordi- 
 nary in that office, beinge an 
 alyan borne, procured a deny- 
 sacon by act of Parliament 33 
 of Hen. 8, for himselfe and 
 his 2 brothers, and therein did 
 very untruely suggest to the 
 said P'liament that his father 
 Robert Derricke was born in 
 Derbyshire, and was of the fa- 
 mily of Dethecke, w ch they all 
 denye. 
 
 Nicholas Derike 
 al's Wyndsore 
 Herault, eldest 
 sonne. 
 
 ter of one 
 Leonarde, 
 aDuche shooe 
 maker, at y e 
 signe of y e 
 Red Cocke in 
 St. Martyn's, 
 London. 
 
 "William Detheck alias Derike, now called Harry De- 
 Garter, but degraded by K. James for his in- thicke 
 solent behaviour, sent with the L. Spencer alias De- 
 to the D. of Wittenberg w th y e Garter 1603, rike. 
 and the office given to Norroy Segar. 
 
 P. Yorke Herault. 
 
 Bibl. Cotton. Faust. E. u. fol. 216. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 139 
 
 ment lace, and twysted lace of gold, the Steele * of damas- 
 kine worke in golde £15 ; the stirrups gilt 20s. ; the bitts 
 with gilt bosses 10s. each: a shafforne (chanfron) for a 
 horse, another painted with a morisco work ; a complete 
 harnes graven, lackyng a gauntlett; another of whyte 
 plate lackyng shoes ; a hed pece and coller for a horse ; 20 
 whyte steles (steel saddles) £20. Received by the Lord 
 Admiral's servant, John Loyd, of Thomas Booth, servant 
 to Sir Thomas Cawarden, 7 great horses, with horse cloths, 
 sursyngles, bytts, hed stalls, &c. 
 
 (53.) 
 
 The Council summon Sir Thomas Cawarden before them on the 
 charge that he is indebted to the Queen a thousand pounds. 
 This accusation had most probably a political origin. 
 
 After our harty com'endations. Wher' amongst 
 the debts owing to the Quene's Ma tie , we fynde 
 that ye be indebted to hir highnes in the surae of 
 
 L 
 
 m. We have thought good in her Mat 8 name to 
 require yo u forth w th , uppon the syght hereof to 
 makeyo r undelayed repayre hither unto us, as well 
 to aunswer the sayd debt as for certaine other 
 causes to be declared unto yo r at yo r coming, 
 wherof we require you in no wyse to fayle, as ye 
 
 * The Steele seems to imply the back or crupper part of the 
 saddle, it is sometimes put for the whole saddle. See another 
 item six lines below. 
 
140 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 tender her Mat's pleas r . flfrom Hampton co r te, the 
 xxiiij July 1555. 
 
 Your friends, 
 Ste. Winton, Cancel], Winchester. Arundell. 
 
 John Gage. 
 R. Rochester. Will'm Petres. Jo. Bourne, 
 Henry Jernegan. 
 
 To o' loving frende 
 S r Thomas Carden, knight. 
 
 (54.) 
 
 Sir Thomas Cawarden petitions the Council of Queen Elizabeth 
 for redress of the injuries sustained by the arbitrary measures 
 to which he was subjected by Queen Mary on Wyatt's re- 
 bellion. 
 
 To the Queenes Ma ties most honorable pryvye counsell. 
 
 In most humble wise sheweth unto yo r hono rs yo r 
 humble suplyaunte and dayly horato 1 " S'r Thomas Cawer- 
 den, of Blechingly, in the county of Surr', knyghte, that 
 where' yo r sade supplyaunte, the XXV th of Januarye, in the 
 fyrste yere of the reigne of the late queene Mary, being in 
 his house at Blechingly aforsaide in pfecte quyettnes, good 
 order, obedyence, and subjectelyke, betwene the howres of 
 eight and ten in the morninge, was by the lorde William 
 Hawarde, James and John Skynner, arested, apprehended, 
 and caryed thens as a prysoner, and browghte before the 
 Lordes of the Counsell in the Star chamber, and there of 
 Stephen Gardener, the late bishopp of Winchester, then 
 lorde chancello 1 ', demaunded dyv' and sondry questyons, 
 w'chyo r seide supplyaunte so aunsweredas theruponhewas 
 clearly discharged, dysmyssed, and sett at lib r tie, and at 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 141 
 
 his departure thens receyved of them two letters, the one 
 under the seide queenes sygnett and pryvye seale, dated 
 the xxvi of January aforsaide, comaundynge yo r seide ora- 
 tour to p'pare himselfe in armure, w th soche force and 
 power of horsemen and footemen as he was hable to as* 
 semble in aredynes at one owres warninge to marche for- 
 warde againste Wyatt ; th'other to discharge S r Thomas 
 Saunders, then shreve of Surreye, who remayned in the 
 house of yo r seide suplyaunt, by comandement, and had 
 kepte it toe dayes and one nyghte ; w ch yo r seide supply- 
 aunte, beinge departed to accomplyshe the nexte daye, 
 being the xxvij ttl of the same monethe, the seide Lorde 
 comynge downe into the cuntrye,-sente his s'vaunte for yo r 
 seide supplyaunte to mete him a myle distance from his 
 howse, w ch yo r saide suplyaunte, accompaned only of one 
 dyd, and at w ch metyng the seide Lorde w th the seide S r 
 Thomas Saunders and James and John Skynner, dyd eft- 
 soon es apprehend yo r supplyaunt, declaring oj)enly that 
 he had authorytie to take awaye all y e seide supplyauntes 
 horses and furnyture, armure, weapon, and munnysio', for 
 the warre, whatsoev' it were wherunto yo r seide supply- 
 aunte, assuring him self to be clere, dyd submitt aud yelde 
 him w* certen woordes, in defence of his goodds, thowghe 
 not regarded. Whereupon the seide lorde first com'ytted 
 the boddye of yo r seide supplyaunte to the custodye of the 
 seide John and James, and after upon better advice, for the 
 better quyett and discharge of those osones, w ch yo r sup- 
 plyaunte, by vertue of the seide fyrste letter of com'yssyon, 
 had called to s've under hym, was contente to take yo r 
 supplyaunte back agane w th him to yo r supplyaunts owne 
 howse, and there charged the seide shreffe w l yo r supply- 
 auntes howse and goodds, and then dyd carry yo r suply- 
 aunte from thens backe ageane to Rygate, and lefte hym 
 in the howse and custodye of James Skynner two dayes 
 
142 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 and three nyghtes, and the thyrde daye caryed hym from 
 thens to Lambeth, w th a garde of horse men furnyshed w th 
 y r supplyauntes horses, armure, and weapons, and ffrom 
 thens to the seide lorde chauncellor's howse, at the Clynke, 
 who admerveyling to see hym there, demaunded what was 
 the matter, saying he knewe nothing therof, and from thens 
 browghte him before certen of the counsell, sytting at 
 Seynte James, whoo did not there charge hym w l any 
 matter specyall or gen'rall, but w* gentill woordes willed 
 him to repayre to his own howse at the late Blake fryers, 
 w th owte bounde, * w tlx lib'tye for all his freendes to have 
 acces to him, and there to remayne untill he herde ferther 
 from the said Lordes. In the meane tyme wherof the 
 seide S r Thomas Saunders calling to hym William Saun- 
 ders, of Ewell, in the seide countye of Surr', for assyst- 
 aunce (the cuntrye before warned) broughte in (as yo r 
 supplyaunte is credibly informed) to the number of xviii 
 waynes, and in the same laded away yo r supplyaunts ar- 
 mure, weapon, munysyon, ordynaunce, and furnytures for 
 horses, toke also awaye eighte greate horses, and spoyled 
 moche of his haye, corne, and strawe, by occasion of ther 
 abode there, and repaire of psones comynge thether to 
 them, the pticularyties wherof cannot welbe ^fectely ex- 
 pressed, for that the spoyle was soden, and yo r supply- 
 auntes w'fe and s'vauntes, amased to see his goods so car- 
 ryed awaye, some by footmen, some in pannyers on horse- 
 backe by pilfery, and some in cartes w l hout indentyng or 
 other mensyon of sertentye notised, besydes a greate pte 
 for w cb yo r supplyauntes wyfe (not w l howte greate and er- 
 neste adoe to pcure it) endented betwene her and the seide 
 S r Thomas and Will'm Saunders. After w ch by the space 
 
 * Without any limit of confinement. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 143 
 
 of one monethe or therabout, the seide Lorde Chauncello r 
 sent for yo r suplyaunte to come to his howse, where as 
 he, Mr. Rochester, Mr. Inglefeilde, and Mr. Walys, w th 
 others, dyd discharge and sett him at libertye. Wherupon 
 yo r suplyaunt made his humble petysion for restytusion of 
 goods, who being hardly beleved (for y* so greate spoyle, 
 unjuste dealing, and crewell usage, was thowghte unlykely 
 for any psone to cofhytt) it was there affyrmed before them 
 that ten or eleven lodes of the armure passed throwghe 
 Sothewerke over the brydge, the daye before Wyatt's 
 comynge thether, and that certen cartes were also mett 
 towardes Rygate, and certen other towardes Ewell. Wher- 
 upon they willed y r supplyaunte to be the next daye at the 
 co r te, and upon his comynge thether sente S r Will'm Peter 
 to understand the seide quenes pleasure, whoe imedyately 
 com'aunded letters to be wrytten to the seide Shrefe, to 
 redely ver to yo r supplyaunte of the p'misses what so ev' 
 /whatsoever) was taken from him, being in the custodye of 
 the seide Shrefe, or of any others by his delivery e,w c]l letters 
 yo r supplyaunte delyv'd to the seide sherefe, whoe notw 1 - 
 stonding the same, made redelyverye to y r supplyant but 
 only of ffower lodes, pcell of the seide seventene by hym 
 so taken away from yo r supplyaunte -, and his horses so 
 spoyled (excepte for husbandry, draughte, or burden) 
 they were never after mete for any servys or use in warre 
 or journey, nor yo r saide supplyaunte is yett any waye 
 otherwise satisfied, recompensed, or consydered for hi s 
 losses, harmes, wrongs, and trobles of, in, and concerning 
 the p'misses, to his greate hindrance and utter undoing, 
 onles yo r honorable consyderacyon and redres herin the 
 rather extended (ffor reformacion wherof the p'misses ten- 
 derly consydered) it may please yo r hono r of yo r accus- 
 tomed goodnes, indefferencye, and justyce, that yo r sup- 
 plyaunte may ether by yo r good meanes and charytable 
 
144 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 order be restored to his gooddes^w 1 recompens for his greate 
 losses and indempnytyes and trobles, or ells be pmytted to 
 take his remedy and advantage by the Lawes of the Realme? 
 and yo r seide orato r shall dayly pray for yo r good and godly 
 .... in all yo r p'sedings longe to psper w 1 moche en- 
 crease of honor. 
 
 Documents relating to the royal Palace of Nonesuch. 
 
 The palace of Nonesuch stood near the site of the old 
 manor house and the village church of Cuddington near 
 Cheam, in Surrey. The manor had, as early as the reign 
 of Edward the Confessor, been a demesne of the crown 
 but had been alienated. Henry VIII. about the year 
 1526, resumed possession of it by means of an exchange 
 with Richard de Codinton. The king was pleased with 
 the beauty of the spot, and its fitness to be made a seat for 
 hunting and other rural diversions of the court ; he began 
 to erect in consequence at Cuddington, a magnificent 
 structure of freestone, the facade of which extended one 
 hundred and fifty feet in length. It had a central gate 
 house and was flanked at either end by lofty multangular 
 towers, crowned with three cupolas in the form of inverted 
 balloons, which had become distinctive architectural fea- 
 tures of the period, and which remind us of the minarets 
 of the pagodas of the East. There were two courts to the 
 building, an inner and an outer, of proportionate dimen- 
 
 * The same year in which he obtained Hampton Court of 
 Cardinal Wolsey, who, to use the expression of the Chronicler, 
 had there '* done great cost in building.' 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 145 
 
 ions. The writers of the sixteenth century are profuse in 
 their descriptions of the magnificence of this royal villa, 
 they speak of its wainscotted chambers, filled with pic- 
 tures, tapestries, and statues, rivalling the works of Greece 
 and Rome, of its delicious gardens, its long raised banks 
 and verdant alleys of trellis work, of its orchards stocked 
 with the choicest fruit trees, its extensive parks filled with 
 the dappled tenants of the forest, its artificial fountains, 
 one of which, in an avenue called the Grove of Diana, re- 
 presented the goddess as in the bath, with her at- 
 tendant nymphs, who dash water over the rashly 
 intrusive huntsman, Actseon, converted into a stag. 
 It may be suspected that Lord Bacon had the palace 
 of Nonesuch in his eye when he wrote those two lively and 
 beautiful essays, so descriptive of the economy ef the pa- 
 laces and pleasure grounds of his day, the one " Of Build- 
 ing," the other " Of Gardens/' He prescribes an inner 
 and an outer court, a stately central tower, a chapel, a room 
 for masks and triumphs, oriel or embowed windows, which 
 " he holds of good use, for they be pretty retiring places 
 for conference ;" galleries, turrets, rich cabinets, in modern 
 phraseology, boudoirs ; " daintily paved, richly hanged, 
 glazed with chrystalline glass," surmounted with cupolas 
 and " all other elegancy that may be thought upon," ca- 
 meras, and antecameras, the sleeping rooms for princes 
 and their chamberlains, terraces, fountains, &c. The plea- 
 sure grounds, he says should be calculated for all the 
 months of the year, in which severally things of beauty 
 may be then in season. " God Almighty !" observes the 
 sage essayist, " first planted a garden, and indeed it is the 
 purest of human pleasures, it is the greatest refreshment 
 to the spirits of man, without which buildings and palaces 
 are but gross handyworks." Of the bright and many co- 
 loured blossoms of the vegetable kingdom he poetically 
 
146 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 adds "as the breath of flowers is far sweeter in the air (where 
 it comes and goes like the warbling of music) than in the 
 hand, therefore nothing is more fit for that delight than to 
 know what be the flowers and plants that best perfume 
 the air/' Umbrageous avenues, grassy mounds, lakelets 
 agitated by falling waters, aviaries, and a wilderness,* fur- 
 nish out the garden plot. Such then, surrounded by a 
 park, timbered by trees of noble growth, was the royal de- 
 mesne established by Henry VIII. at Cuddington. 
 
 We find in the following documents foreign ambassa- 
 dors, princely prelates, admitted as a matter of distin- 
 guished favour to take their diversion within this Elysian 
 precinct, and that it acquired by way of eminent and de- 
 served distinction, the emphatic appellation of Nonesuch. 
 It should have been observed that it was never completely 
 finished by Henry VIII. ; but that Henry Earl of Arundel, 
 desirous to see the designs of his old master completed, 
 rather than suffer it to be pulled down, as was contem- 
 plated in Queen Mary's time, and sold piecemeal, ob- 
 tained it of the queen by exchange for divers " faire landes." 
 He then completed it according to the original design, and 
 left it at his death " garnished and replenyshed with rich 
 furnitures," and a rare library. 
 
 Queen Elizabeth was frequently at Nonesuch, whether 
 as a guest or tenant, says Lysons,f does not appear ; and 
 
 * For the heath, which is the third part of our plot, I wish 
 it to be framed as much as may be to a natural wildness. 
 See " Of Gardens " in Essays Moral, Economical, and Political, 
 by Francis Bacon, Baron of Verulam," &c. 
 
 f " The v day of August (1559) the Quen grace removyd 
 from Eltham unto Nonshyche ? my lord of Arundell's, and ther 
 her grace had as gret cher evere nyght, and banketts • but ye 
 sonday at nyght my lord of Arundell mad her a grett bankett 
 at ys cost as ever was sene, for soper, bankett, and maske, 
 
TPJE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 147 
 
 in 1591, Lord Lumley,, the son-in-law of the Earl of Arun- 
 del before-mentioned, resigned it to the crown, receiving as 
 a compensation, lands to the value of £534 per annum. 
 Charles the Second gave it to his mistress the Duchess of 
 Cleveland, who pulled down the house and disparked the 
 land. So ended the glories of this palatial villa ! 
 
 wt drums and flutes, and all ye mysyke y* cold be, tyll myd- 
 nyght ; and as for chere has not bene sene nor heard." On 
 Monday was a great supper made for her, but before night 
 she stood at her standing in the farther park, and there she saw 
 a course. At night, was a play of the Children of Paul's and their 
 musick master Sebastian Phelyps and Mr. Haywode ; after 
 that a great banquet, accompanied with drums and flutes. The 
 dishes were extraordinary rich gilt. This entertainment lasted 
 till three in the morning, and the Earl presented her Majesty 
 a cupboard of plate." — Cotton MS. Vitellius F. v. 3 the burnt 
 parts supplied from Strype's Annals of the Reformation, vol. i. 
 p. 191. 
 
 There is a paper of Sir Thomas Cawarden's which sets 
 Lysons's query at rest, and shews that the Earl of Arun- 
 del, about the year 1557, occupied the house at Non- 
 suche only by the Queen's permission "to lie there for a 
 time." He charges the Earl with unjustly invading the rights of 
 his patent as keeper of the palace and parks, with forcibly 
 ejecting his servants from the mansion house, banqueting 
 house, lodges, &c. driving out his cattle from herbage and pan- 
 nage. He states that the Lord Lumley was aiding his father-in- 
 law in these outrages, and cites the following passage of a letter, 
 which shews with how high a hand noblemen prosecuted their 
 wishes in those days : — 
 
 " You shall perceve that my lorde, my father, had thought 
 that upon my declarac'on unto you that his Lordship was 
 mynded to occupie your house, for that the same was neade- 
 full if he shold lye at Nonesuche, that you had sought to have 
 pleased yourself in some other hous. And now preving the 
 
 L<2 
 
148 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 (55.) 
 
 The Keeper of the Standing Wardrobe at Nonesuch, is directed 
 to deliver to the officer of the same denomination at Hamp- 
 ton Court, certain stuff for the service of her Majesty, against 
 the coming of the Prince of Spain. 
 
 The Quenis ma*"* pleas 1 * is that ye shall delyver 
 or cause to be delyv'id to David Vincent, Keper 
 of her Highnes Standing Guarderobe at Hampton 
 Co r te, all such stuff remayning in yo r custody and 
 chardge, being Guarderobe stuff, as he shall think 
 mete and convenient for the s'vice of her Ma tie at 
 Hampton co r te, agaynst the comyng of the prince 
 of Spayne, taking such bylls indentyd betwene you 
 for the same, as may be yo r sufficient dischardge in 
 that behalf. Thus fayre ye well. From the Courte 
 at St. Jamys the ix rh of Aprell, a° p'mo Itegni Re- 
 gine Marie. 
 
 Yor loving ffrende, 
 
 John Gage. 
 
 To the Keper of the Quenis standing 
 
 Guarderobe at Nonesuche, or to 
 his deputy or deputyes there, and 
 to ev'y of them. 
 
 contrary, hath willed me to shew unto you his pleasure, that you 
 with speade depart out of y r house, to th'ende that the same 
 may be redy at his comaundement at his coming thither, whiche 
 he entendeth very shortly. His pleasure is that you departe 
 within thies three weeks at the furthest. Farewell. From Arrun- 
 dell place, the xxx*h of August 1557. Yo r friend, 
 
 LUMLEY. . 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 149 
 
 (56.) 
 
 The Duke of Somerset, the Lord Protector, directs that certain 
 hangings be delivered from the Wardrobe at Nonesuch to the 
 Lord Chamberlain. 
 
 These shalbe to requier you that imediately 
 upon the sight hereof ye delyver or cause to be 
 delivered unto the right honourable the Erie of 
 Arundell, Lord Chamberlen of the King's Ma ts 
 Chamber, or to the bearer hereof in his name, by 
 way of lone, in suche sorte as the same may be 
 redelyvd, thirtye pec s of hangings of verdo rs , 
 w th brode blomes (blooms) and sixe carpetts of 
 verdo rs . And these shall be yo r sufficient war- 
 raunte in this behalf. Geven at the King's Mat s 
 Pallaice at Westm' the xxiiij th of August the iii de 
 yere of the King's mat s Reigne Edwarde the Sixte. 
 E. Somerset. 
 
 To the Keper of the King's standing 
 Guarderobe at Nonesuche and to 
 his Deputye there, and to ev'ry of 
 them. 
 
150 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 (57.) 
 
 Extracts from sundry accounts of household furniture in the 
 custody of Sir Thomas Cawarden, ei Keper of the standing 
 Guarderobe at Nonesuche."* 
 
 Delivered to Sir Thomas Cawarden 16 Sept. 1st of Ed- 
 ward VI. by Sir John Gate, parcell of the late Duke of 
 Norfolk's stuff attainted. 
 
 1 5 peces of olde Tapstrye, of divers historyes, 8 of them 
 being lined with canvas. Sixe peces of verdours, che- 
 quered w* red and tawny, and w l the late Duke of Nor- 
 folk's armes in the midd s of every of them. 
 
 Delivered, as above, out of the Prince's lodging at the 
 King's palace at Westminster, " parcell of such stuff as 
 
 * There is extant in this collection, the account (dated 30th 
 Dec. 1st of Queen Mary) of Alen Byrd to Sir Thomas Cawar- 
 den, for all fees, rents, and profits due to the said Sir Thomas 
 " for kepyng the Quenes place and parkes, gardeyn, and ward- 
 robe, at Nonesuche, and for the Stuardshipps of the manors of 
 Bansted, Walton, Est Chaym (Cheam) and West Chaym," for 
 one year, to the above date. The following items may be of 
 some interest. A year's wages to Thomas Bothe, for kepyng 
 theseyd place (palace) at Nonesuche, 10/.; ditto to Simon Ga- 
 vell, for kepyng the old park there, 37. 10s. ; the same sum to 
 Rob't Foster for keeping the new park ; to the said Alen, for 
 keeping engrossing the Court Rolls on parchment, and gathering 
 the rents and perquisites of the Courts of the said manors, 11. • 
 for 4 stewards' dinners of the same, 14s. Sd. ; to the crier of the 
 said Courts " accordyng to the old custome there used, 6d. ; " 
 to the auditor's and receiver's clerk for writing of" acquyttance, 
 and the quietus est, Is. 4^." The clear sum, after all deductions, 
 rendered to Sir Thomas Cawarden, for the annual profits of the 
 above, was 43/. lis. 6d* 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 151 
 
 the King bought of the Duches of Suffolk. A carpet of 
 needle work in silk and gold lined with buckram, 4 yards 
 by 1 J y'ds. A carpet of tapestry having the king's arms 
 in the middle, with the garter and the king's word, 2 } y'ds 
 by 1 y'd. A great pece of old crimson vellet (velvet) being 
 " a counterpoynt" embroidered with " bulle heddes."* 
 
 Also delivered as above, by Sir Anthony Denny, out of 
 the Prince's lodging at Westminster, an olde frunte for 
 an aulter of grene vellat, prented, embroudered with flower 
 de luces, our Lorde in the sepulcre, and other images on 
 horseback, being in length 2| y'ds, and in depth 1 y'd 
 scante. Four other fronts for altars, one of cloth of gold 
 " raized" with black velvet embroidered with eagles and 
 flowers ; another of black velvet, embroidered with " a 
 cutte " of cloth of silver. A " vestment of cloth of gold 
 raised with murrye vellet, with all th' apparell to the 
 same." Several other rich vestments, probably for the use 
 of the private chapel ; folding stools of wood with velvet 
 seats. Among items of bed furniture, " One ceeler f of 
 darke crymsen vellet, th' one haulf double vallanced 
 and th' other single, in length 4f y'ds, in breadth 4 
 y'ds. Embrouderyd with flowers of golde and a woman 
 
 * The notice of articles embroidered with bulls' heads is 
 frequent in these papers, see the following page. The al- 
 lusion was doubtless to the family arms of Queen Ann Boleyn, 
 Argent, 3 bulls' heads Sable, between a chevron Gules. They 
 are thus blazoned in the windows of the curious old mansion 
 Wickham Court, in Kent. 
 
 f The term ceeler is used for the top or cieling of the bed, 
 tester for the back or head. The dimensions of the ceeler 
 will of course supply that of the bed itself: in the present in- 
 stance fourteen feet three inches in length by twelve feet wide. 
 These state beds of the time probably of Henry VIII. make the 
 great bed of Ware no longer such a wonder. 
 
152 THE L0SELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 in the middes w l a crowne on her hedde and a paire of 
 winges. One teester to the same of like vellett, with two 
 pictures embroudrid, standing betweene three trees, th'one 
 presenting a ring, and th' other a harte, in depth 3 J y'ds, 
 in bredth A\ y'ds. 
 
 A (i counterpoynte of like stuff embroudered w l two 
 horses, and one man riding upon one of them, the same 
 being of six bredthes very evill cut and torne. A cieler and 
 tester of " white Turquay silke, " a counterpoynte of white 
 sarcenet, the whole embroidered with popinjays. A ceeler 
 and tester of purple. Newmaking silke/* embroidered with 
 dolphins. 
 
 A piece of velvet of sundry colours embroidered with 
 the King's arms, flower de luces, crosses, and birds. 
 
 A ryche cloyth of estate w th a frame of wood for the 
 same. Syxe peces of depe hangings of cheych (che- 
 quered) verders, with the Duke of Somersett's arms. 
 
 Three pecys of hangings of crymsone velvytt, ymbro- 
 derd w ih bulles hedds of cloth. " One cushyn of nedyll worke 
 the grounde purpell, wroughte w th Kynge Henry letters 
 and hawthornes. Sixe longe carpytts of grene vardars, w th 
 flowers lyned w th canvys. 
 
 Cheyres (chairs) reyzid w th purple vellat frenged w th 
 purple silke ; of clothe of golde reyzid w th crymson vel- 
 lat ; ditto with black vellat ; ditto reyzid with rewes and 
 flowers of cloth of silver and crymson vellat. 
 
 Stowles (stools), folding stools, square stools, foot stools, 
 covered with velvet of various colours. 
 
 Cushions of green and purple velvet, of cloth of gold, of 
 purple tinsel, of cloth of silver, and of Newmaking silk and 
 of damask. Two cushions of crimson silk with lions of gold. 
 
 * A barbarous mode of spelling Nimeguen, famous for its 
 manufacture of silk ; see also p. 69. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 153 
 
 (58.) 
 
 The Earl of Arundel and Sir Robert Rochester, by the Queen's 
 authority, desire that two bucks of the season be sent from 
 the old park at Nonesuch, to the Honor of Hampton Court. 
 
 Forasmuche as the Quenes highnes hathe by 
 her letters of placard authorised us and everie of 
 us to wryte from tyme to tyme to all maner of her 
 fforests, parkes, and chaces^ for suche and as 
 many Deare as we shall thinke convenient for the 
 expense of her highnes howesholde, we therfore 
 wooll that ye do sleye wythin yo r office Twoo 
 Buckes of this Season, and the same seasonablye to 
 bringe to her highnes honor of Hampton Co'te, or 
 ells where her highnes shall then lye, Wednesday 
 the xxix daye of Auguste. And this wrytinge, 
 signed w th o r handes- shalbe yo r sufficient warrant 
 and dischardge in that behalfe. Geaven at the 
 Quene's highnes honor of Hampton Co' the xxvii tb 
 of Auguste, in the furste yeare of the reigne of o r 
 sov'gne Ladye Quene Marye the furste. 
 
 Arundell. 
 Rob't Rochester. 
 
 To the keeper of the quenes hieghnes 
 
 elder pke of Nonesuche, and in his 
 
 absence to Deputie or deputies 
 
 ther. 
 Indorsed " Pro Hospitio R. (Reginee) 
 
 xxvii Aug. a° p'm° M. (Marise.) 
 
154 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 (59.) 
 
 Letters under the royal signet,, &c. permitting the Lord Cardi- 
 nal Pole, Legate a Latere, to hunt a deer at Nonesuch. 
 
 By the King and the Quene. 
 
 Mary the Quene. 
 We will and comaunde youe to deliver or cause 
 to be deliv'ed to o r ryght entirelie beloved cosin 
 the L. Cardinal Poole, Legate a Latere, or to the 
 bringer hereof in his name, one buck of the season 
 to be taken of o r gifte from oure greate parke of 
 Nonsuch, any restraynte or comandme't to the con- 
 trarie notw^tanding (pmitting owre said cosin to 
 hunte for the same Dere, as it so like him.) And 
 theis our l'res shalbe your warrant for the same. 
 Geven under o r signett at o r hpno r of Hampton 
 Courte the xvii th of Julie, in the first and thirde 
 3 7 eres of o r raignes. 
 
 (L. S.) Winchester. 
 
 To the keper of our said pke, and 
 
 in his absence to his depute or 
 
 deputes there. 
 Endorsed, "The parke of Non- 
 
 soche. Thys to be brought to 
 
 Lambeth Tuysdaye, beyng the 
 
 thyrd of September. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 155 
 
 (60.) 
 
 Warrant to deliver two does from the Great Park at Nonesuch 
 to the French Ambassador, M. de Noailles. He kills in the 
 heat of the chase two more than the number assigned, and 
 appends a certificate under his signature to indemnify the 
 keepers from the mischance. Antoine Seigneur de Noailles, 
 Baron de Chambres, &c. was born in 1504, was employed in 
 several important duties of State, and was Ambassador during 
 the reign of Queen Mary from the French to the English 
 Court; he settled, during his embassy in England, the truce 
 which was made at Vaucelles between Henry the Second of 
 France and Philip the Second of Spain. On his return to 
 France, he drove the Protestants out of the city of Bordeaux, 
 of which they had possessed themselves. He died in 1562, 
 and was succeeded in his titles and estates by his son Henry, 
 who was born in London during his embassy, A. D. 1554. 
 This was the elder of several children, whom he had by Jane 
 de Gontaut, one of the maids of honour to Queen Catharine 
 and afterwards to Queen Elizabeth. 
 
 By the Quene. 
 
 Mary the Quene. 
 We will and comande yo u to delyver or cause 
 to be delyvered to Mouns r Noailles, ambassador 
 resident w* us for o r good brother the ffrenche 
 king, two dooes of this season, to be taken of o r 
 gifte w*in that o r great p r ke of Nonesuche. Any 
 restraint or contrary com'andem* heretofore geven 
 in any wise notwistanding. Geven under o r sig- 
 nett at o r mano r of Grenew ch the v th of ffebruary, 
 the thirde yere of o r Reigne. 
 
 (L. S.) 
 
 To the kep or keps of o r said great 
 pke of Nonesuche, and in his or 
 there absence to ther depute or 
 deputies there. 
 
156 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 Jay soubssigne certiffie a tous ministres & off rs 
 
 de la royne, qu'il apartiendra, qu'en la permission 
 
 de chasse qu'il a pleu a sa maj te m'accorder cy 
 
 dessus, il est advenu par inconvenient des lev- 
 
 riers qui ont este lasches malapropos, deux daings 
 
 ont este tues davantaige que la dicte permission 
 
 ne porte ; at pour ce prions non scavoir mal gre 
 
 aux parquiers des pares de Nonches, pour la des- 
 
 charge desquels nous avons signe ceste p'nte de 
 
 n're main, et faict sceller du seel des nos armes 
 
 audict lieu, le xv e jr. de febr. 1555. 
 
 A. De Noailles. 
 
 (L. S.) 
 Translation. 
 
 I, the undersigned, certify to all ministers and 
 officers of the Queen, whom it may concern, that in 
 the permission of hunting, which it has pleased her 
 Majesty herein above to grant me, it happened by 
 mischance of certain grey-hounds untimely slipped, 
 two deer have been killed more than the said per- 
 mission includes; and on this account we beg 
 that no displeasure should accrue to the park- 
 keepers of the parks of Nonesuch. For the dis- 
 charge of whom we have signed this present with 
 our hand, and caused it to be sealed with the seal 
 of our arms at the said place, this 15 th day of Fe- 
 bruary 1555. 
 
 A. De Noailles. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 15J 
 
 (61.) 
 
 The Council signify the Queen's pleasure that the French Am- 
 bassador (M. de Noailles) and his wife, should be permitted 
 to see the gardens, parks, and house at Nonesuch. 
 
 After our right harty comendac'ons. Wheras 
 the Frenche Ambassador here resydent, for the 
 better recreac'on of himself and his wief, hath de- 
 sired to visit that the Quene's ma tes howse of 
 Nonesuche, the gardens, pks, and other com'odi- 
 dities about the same ; lyke as her highnes hath 
 addressed warrant for their pastyme of hunting, 
 so her Mat 55 pleasure is that yo* shewe unto them 
 the sayd howse and th' other comodities w th in yo r 
 charge accordingly. Thus fare yo' right hartely 
 well. rTrom Grenewiche the vj th of ffebruary 1555. 
 
 Yo r loving ffrends, 
 
 Penbjioke.* Rochester. 
 
 Edw. Hastings. Will'm Petres. 
 Jo. Bourne. 
 
 E.WALDEG'.f 
 
 To o r loving ffrende S r Thorns Ca- ' 
 warden, Knight, and in his ab- 
 sence to his deputys keps of the 
 howse and gardens of None- 
 suche. 
 
 * This nobleman used the n or m indiscriminately in his 
 signature. 
 
 f Waldegrave. 
 
158 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 (62.) 
 
 Queen Mary gives two bucks of the season out of the great 
 park at Nonesuch, to the Mayor of London and his brethren. 
 
 By the Quene. 
 Marye the Quene. 
 We will and comande yow uppon the sight 
 hereof, and by warrant of the same, to deliver or 
 cause to be delivered unto oure trustie and wel 
 beloved the maior and his bretheren of o' Citie of 
 London, or to the bringer hereof in there names, 
 two bucks of this season, to be taken of o' gifte, 
 w th in that o' great pke of Nonesuche in o r countie 
 of Surrey, any restrainte or other comandement 
 heretofore geven to the contrary in any wise not- 
 w th standinge. Geven under o' signet at o' man- 
 nor of Eltham, the xiiij th of August, the fourthe 
 yere of our Reigne. 
 
 To the keap of o r saide great pke, 
 and in his absens to his Deputy 
 or Deputeis there, or to any of 
 them. 
 
 (L. S.) Winchester. 
 
 Endorsed " Nonesoche 2 bokkes. 
 S r Marten Bowes. 
 S r Rowland Hy 
 
 Tes > 1 knights." 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 159 
 
 (63.) 
 
 The Earl of Sussex desires that a buck shall be delivered to the 
 Lady Kempe from, the little park at Nonesuch. A branch of 
 the old English family of that name was settled at Croydon 
 in Surrey (seethe Harleian MSS. 1561. fol. 116.) and ano- 
 ther at Slindon in Sussex ; they bore the same arms differ- 
 enced by the crest, as Kempe of Olantigh in Kent, and Gis- 
 sing in Norfolk ; Gules, 3 garbs Or, surrounded by a bor- 
 dure engrailed Or. Sir Nicholas Kempe was a considerable 
 benefactor to the foundation of Archbishop Abbot's alms- 
 houses at Guildford ; a fine portrait of him by Cornelius Jan- 
 sen is suspended in the Chapel of that establishment, which 
 is also adorned with magnificently rich paintings of Scripture 
 subjects in stained glass of the age of Albert Durer. 
 
 Mr. Karden. After my very hartie comenda- 
 
 c'ons. Theis shalbe to desyer you to delyver my 
 
 Ladie Kempe (or to hym who shall bring yow this 
 
 my Pre) a bucke, either in the great or littell 
 
 pke of Nonsoche, notw th standing any warrant 
 
 graunted by me afore this my ire sent unto you, 
 
 and in so doing ye shall cause me not to forgett 
 
 your gentilnes, but recompense y l w th semblable 
 
 pleasure. And this Pre, sygned w th myn owne 
 
 hande, shalbe yo r sufficient warrant and discharge 
 
 for the same. As knoweth God, who p'serve you. 
 
 Fro' Westm' the xxiiij of June 155 . . 
 
 Yo r assured and loving nrind, 
 
 Henry Sussex. 
 To the Right Worsh pfull and my 
 
 very loving ffrende S r Thorn 55 
 
 Carden, knight. 
 
160 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 (64.) 
 
 The Marquis of Winchester presents his fee buck of the season, 
 due to him by virtue of his office of High Treasurer of Eng- 
 land, out of the great park at Nonesuch, to his friends the 
 Wardens and Company of Grocers. 
 
 I com'end me hartelie unto yo and right to 
 pray you to give unto this bringer my ffee bucke 
 of this season, to be taken out of that of the 
 quene's ma ts greate pke of Nonesuche, due unto 
 me by vertue of my office of High Treasorer of 
 England, w ch I have novve given unto my friends 
 the Wardeins of the company of the Grocers for 
 their feast against the xviij daie of this p'nte mo- 
 neth, and therefore I pray yo' it may be well killed ; 
 wherin yo' shall do them a good tourne, and me 
 great pleas r for their sake, w ch I shall not faile to 
 deserve unto you when yt may lye in me, and this 
 bill shalbe yo r warrant sufficient in that behalf. So 
 fare you w T eiJ. Written the iiij th of Jnlii 1556. 
 
 Winchester. 
 
 To my frind the keper of the great 
 
 p'k of Nonesuche, and in his ab- 
 
 sens to his deputie or deputies 
 
 there. 
 Indorsed, i( Thomas Piket, grocer, 
 
 dwellinge at the signe of the 
 
 Cocke in Wood street." 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS, 161 
 
 (65.) 
 
 Lord Lumley invites Sir William More, of Loseley, to hunt at 
 Nonesuch. 
 
 My good knyght, 
 I thank yow ryght hartely for yo r so good care 
 to make me acquaynted w th thos letters for this 
 servys of musters, w ch even now I have reseved, 
 beinge newly cu' to London out of Essex, and for 
 yo r place of metyng I thynk very well of hyt, 
 seeing yow do acco'pt so of it. But if it wer no 
 truble unto you & the rest, ether to mete at No'- 
 such y e day, and ther to hold yo r conference, or 
 else after yo r conference at Lethered, to cu' to me 
 to bed, I shall be most glad of it, not for any 
 other respecte than to have yo r selves to be re- 
 freshed w th the syght of yo r best dogges to be out 
 rune by my slothful deare. And in so doing (yf 
 otherwys the same be no displeasure to yo r selves) 
 I shall thyncke my selfe ryght greatly beholdyng 
 unto yow for yo r so good company. And so in 
 some haste most hartely I com'yt yow to God's - 
 good favour this last of August 1583. 
 
 Yo r assured ffrend as you know. 
 
 Lumley. 
 To the right worshippfull his 
 assured good frend Sir Wylliam 
 More, knfo-hf 
 
 M 
 
 . 
 
162 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 Curious old Parochial Accounts, from the Papers 
 of Sir Thomas Cawarden. 
 
 (66.) 
 
 Churchwardens' Account for the Parish Church of Blechingly, 
 A. D. 1552 This paper bears evidence of the unsettled 
 state of religion in the middle of the sixteenth century, when 
 the new-born reformed church and the old papal hierarchy 
 were striving as it were for the mastery. There are charges 
 for setting up and pulling down the rood-loft, for watching the 
 holy sepulchre at Easter, for painting a post or pillar in the 
 Church, called the Paschal Post, with the blood of the Pas- 
 chal Lamb, for defacing the altars, and for a table with forms 
 for the celebration of the Eucharist. It will be recollected 
 that it was for some time an unsettled point, whether the 
 Holy Sacrament should be received sitting or kneeling - 7 the 
 Puritan sect advocating the first mentioned posture, and 
 taking much offence that the holy table should be placed in 
 the position of the antient high altar, instead of the body 
 of the Church. These differences have been properly decided 
 in favour of the most reverential practice. 
 
 The Accompte of John Dowber and Christopher Chap- 
 man, Churche wardens of the prishe Churche of Bleach- 
 ingleighe, from the ffeast of St. Michell tharchangell, in 
 the yere of our Lorde MV c Lii, as followeth : 
 First, the saide Churchewardens charge themselves of 
 lv s , as so moche money by them receyved of Richard 
 Chomley, to the behof and use of y e said Churche, lv s . 
 Item, R' more for the buryall of the lady Putnam, vi s 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 163 
 
 It'm, R' more of the Hognell* money at the ffeaste of 
 the Nativite of o' Lord, in the xxxvij yere of the Reigne 
 of our Soveraigne Lord King Henry the VIII th , xxiij s vj d . 
 
 It'm, R' more one yere for Pascall money, &c. vj s ij d . 
 
 It'm, the said Accompants charge themselfes w th xxvij 1 
 wj s x d receyved of one Cooke, goldsmythe, as so moch 
 money by theym receyved by thandes (the hands) of Mr. 
 Cawerden, for broken plate, whiche was solde for the re- 
 pairing and garnishynge the Churche, by the consent of 
 the pisshioners of the same. The expensys and charges 
 appear hereafter particularlye, xxvij 1 xyj s x d . 
 
 I'tm, they charge themselfes with cclxxii pounde of 
 broken latten, sold to a candlesticke makers at xx s a hun- 
 drethe, amountyng to liiij s ij d ob. as so moche money by 
 them receyved by thandes of Mr. Cawerden, and employed 
 to the same use by the pisshioners consente, liiij s ij d ob. 
 
 It'm, rec d more for waxe solde by the said Churche, xx 8 
 iiij d . 
 
 It'm, rec d more for the buryall of Turner's wyffe, vj s viij d . 
 
 Payments, &c. 
 
 For setting up the rood lofte x d . 
 
 It'm, fornayles for the same ij d . 
 
 It'm, for tallow for the bells, and making cleane of the 
 tables (pictures?) of the Roode lofte, and for small 
 nayles, vj d . 
 
 It'm, to Thorn's Porter, for mending vj bawderiks, v d . 
 
 It'm, to Rob 1 Eyton, for mending of the seates, xv d . 
 
 It'm, paide for newe colleryng of a surples, ij d . 
 
 It'm, for mending fyve albes, iij d . 
 
 * Probably Hea Knell, corrupted into Hognell, being money 
 collected for ringing the church bells at this time of the year, 
 in celebration of the high feast of the Nativity of our Lord. 
 
 M 2 
 
164 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 It'm, for xxviij lbs. of waxe, xiiij 8 . 
 
 It'm, for making ij tapers, ij d . 
 
 It'm, for ij torches, viij s vj d . 
 
 It'm, to Mr. Hewes, for mending the organs, ij 9 iij d . 
 
 For washing of the Churche clothes, ij s . 
 
 For painting of the pascallpost, vj d . 
 
 To Brande, for watchyng the Sepulcre,* viij d , 
 
 To Walter Grome, paynter, for payntyng the hole body 
 of the Church, and for all maner of colo r s to the same, 
 xvij 1 v s j d . 
 
 To WilTm Johns, for paynting the queere, the Rood 
 loft, the King's Armes, and the ow l yle (outer aisle) join- 
 ing to the quere, and for the colo' and stuffe otherwise ap- 
 perteyning, vij 1 xv s ij d . 
 
 For a table for the comunyon to be ministered uppon, 
 joyned upo' a frame, viij s . 
 
 For iij longe formes to the same, X s . 
 
 For iiij seatts with double desks, for the singing men to 
 sitt in and to lay their books on, xx s . 
 
 It'm, for pluckyng the alters, plastering the walles, and 
 mending of div'se places, vij s . 
 
 It'm, to labourers for poolyng (pulling) doune the roode, 
 xiiij d . 
 
 It'm, the expensys of John Dawber and Xp'ofer Chap- 
 man, Churchwardens, John Turno r , Thomas Lambe, syde 
 men, being at the visitac'on at Ewell, ij s . 
 
 It'm, for the writing of a bill to be shewed to the King's 
 Comissyoners, viij d . 
 
 It'm, the expenses of X'tofer Chapman and John Daw- 
 bere, Church wardens, Richard Chomley, John Turno r , 
 and Thorn's Lambe, being at Ryegate before the Comm rs , 
 
 * Of our Lord, at Easter. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 165 
 
 when they required of the pishion's an Inventory of 
 
 the churche goods, vj s vj d . 
 
 It'm, delyv'd a bill to the visiters of lands for horse meate 
 and man's meate, xv d . 
 
 It'm, to John Brande, for watching of y e sepulcre, iiij d . 
 
 It'm, for a pounde of sope, j d ob. 
 
 ij bushells of lyme, v d . 
 
 John Tooke, for mending of a hole over the vestry, ij d . 
 
 John Brand, for watching of the vestry, ij d . 
 
 Edw d Kyllike, casting of a banke, saffe garde to the 
 Churche pale, ij d . 
 
 To John Mathewe, for keepinge of the clocke,* by sight 
 of Thorn's Lambe, ix d . 
 
 (6 7 .) 
 
 Account of the Church Ornaments, &c. chiefly of the Romish 
 times, belonging to the Church of Bermondsey, rendered to 
 Sir Thomas Cawarden and other Commissioners of the King, 
 appointed to receive the same for the Hundred of Brixton in 
 Surrey. The ceremonial furniture of this Church appears to 
 have been remarkably rich ; perhaps it had acquired some of 
 the vestments belonging to the adjoining Abbey of Bermond- 
 sey at the suppression of religious houses. The sale of the 
 decorations of the rood-loft, and substituting inscriptions 
 from the Scriptures in their place, of the mass books, the enu- 
 meration of a Bible of the largest volume, communion books, 
 a book of the Paraphrase, are contemporary illustrations of 
 the abolition of superstitious forms and the revival of a pure 
 faith, in conformity with reason and the revealed Word of 
 God. 
 
 * i. e. Regulating the church clock. 
 
166 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 There are among the manuscripts, accounts of the same de- 
 scription with the subjoined, rendered for the Churches of 
 Clapbam, Marten (Merton), Mortlacke, Newyngton Butts 
 (a fragmenronly of the original), Putnei, Stratham.Totynge, 
 Graveneye, Wannesworthe, Wymbledon, all within the Hun- 
 dred of Brixton. 
 
 The P'ishe of Mary Maudelen in Barmsey. 
 
 Thys ys the Inventory indentyd and made of all the 
 plate, juells, ornaments, and bells, wythe in the pshe 
 cherche of Mary Mawdelyn of Barmondesey, in the countye 
 of Surraye, made betwene Sir Thomas Garden, knyght, 
 John Scot, Nycolas Lee, Esquyers, Comyssioners, by the 
 kyng's majeste corny ssyon, apoynted wythe in the hun- 
 dred of Bryxton, in the sayde Countye, of the one ptye, 
 and John Felpot and Richard Wells, pysheners of the 
 sayd pyshe, of the other ptye, made the xviii day of Octo- 
 ber, in the vi th yere of the raynge of ower sov'ay'ge lorde 
 kyng Edward the syxte. 
 
 Fyrst, one chalys all gylte waying xv ownces and a 
 quarter. 
 
 Xt'm,* ii other chalysys pscell (parcel) gylte,f waying 
 xxiiij ownces and a hafe. 
 
 ii com'unyon cuppys pscell gylte, waying xxxiii ownces. 
 
 ii copys (copes) of whyte damaske, w* flowers of golde. 
 
 ii copys of blew damaske. 
 
 One cope of blew sylke w l whyte flowers. 
 
 * The word item is repeated before every fresh entry in the 
 original account. 
 
 f The distinction between wholly gilt and parcel (i. e. partly 
 gilt) is marked by those entries. A silver chalice gilt only on 
 the inside, would be styled parcel gilt, 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 16/ 
 
 A vestement of blew damaske, w l all thyngs belonging 
 to y e same.* 
 
 A vestement of rede velvyt w 1 a yelow crosse. 
 
 A vestement of white brygges (Bruges) sattyn w l a 
 crymson crosse. 
 
 A vestement of red and grene sylke w l a grene crosse* 
 
 An olde vestment of whyte w* a blew crosse. 
 
 A grene vestement w l a red crosse and the crowne and 
 the star. ^ 
 
 A vestement of red bryggys satten w l a grene crosse, 
 and St. Jamys in the backe. 
 
 A vestement of red and wyght velvy 1 w l a blew crosse. 
 
 A vestement of whyte bryggs sattyn w l a red damaske 
 crosse. 
 
 A vestement of blacke damaske w t thorny s (thorns.) f 
 
 A vestement of sade taffa (taffata) tawny w* the garter. 
 
 A vestement of blew sylke w* a red crosse of velvyt. 
 
 A vestement of whyte bustean (fustian ?) for lent. 
 
 iii dekens (deacons' vestments) of sylke, one of blew, 
 another of grene, and the other of horse fleshe J colere. 
 
 ii awter clothes, one of red and blew damask. 
 
 vii corperas cacys (covers for the host.) 
 
 ii stremers of sylke, one of blew, the other of red. 
 
 ii banner clothys of sylke for y e crosse, one of grene, y e 
 other of rede. 
 
 ii olde corteyns (curtains) of sylke, and a vallens of dor- 
 nex w* a frenge. 
 
 A paynted stremere and iii paynted banners. 
 
 iii long towells of dyaper. 
 
 v small towells of dyaper. 
 
 * These words are repeated after each separate entry of 
 vestments. 
 
 f Probably to be worn by the priest on Good Friday. 
 
 X Sic in orig. We confess the explanation of this item is 
 beyond our skill. Does the expression denote a deep pink ? 
 
16£T THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS, 
 
 viii awter clothys of dyaper. 
 v hand towells of dyaper. 
 ix playne awter clothys. 
 iii playne hand towells. 
 x surplys, good and bad. 
 ii Rochetts. 
 ii Super Alltarys. 
 
 ii Corteyns to hang before the awtere. 
 ii herse clothys one of blacke velvyt w* golde, the other 
 of whyte damaske, w* a crosse of black velvyt. 
 iii lytyll pyllowys. 
 
 ii lattyn pyxsys (pixes) and ii paxsys (paxes)* of copper, 
 ii pyxks clothys (cloths to cover the pyx) of sylke. 
 ii stondards of lattyn. 
 ii payer of canstyks (candlesticks) of latyn. 
 A crysmatory. ii cruyts, and a lytyll basyn, all pewter. 
 A olde vaylle f y l went over the quyer for lent. 
 A paynted clothe to hange before the Roode in lent, 
 iij heyr clothys to lay on y e awter s. 
 A Bybyll of the largyst volam (volume.) 
 A boke of the pafrasys (paraphrase sj.) 
 
 * Here the distinction between pax and^z.r, which was con- 
 founded by our great lexicographer Johnson, is decidedly 
 marked. The pix contained the consecrated wafers. The pax 
 was an article bearing the image of our Saviour on the cross, 
 which the congregation handed to each other to kiss at the 
 conclusion of the service ; a substitute for the practice, charac- 
 teristic of the innocent simplicity of the primitive Church, of 
 greeting each other "with a holy kiss." 
 
 f This was drawn before the Rood, and its accompanying 
 figures of the Virgin and St. John. 
 
 % King Edward VI. in the first year of his reign, enjoined 
 that one great Bible, and one book of the Paraphrases of Eras- 
 mus on the Gospels, both in English, should be set up in every 
 church, that the people might read therein, &c. Also, that 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 169 
 
 iii comunyon boks. 
 
 vj sawters and a boke of the homyles. 
 
 iiij banner stavys and a crosse stafe. 
 
 ii pressys and iii olde chests. 
 
 A payre of orgayns. 
 
 iiij bells and a sance (sacring) bell. 
 
 By me, Robard Chare. 
 
 By me, John Cave. 
 
 In the fyrst yer of ower sov'ayn lorde the kyng's grace 
 that now ys, ther was cherche wardens of the pyshe of 
 Mary Mawedlyns, of Barmonsey, Rychard Alye, thomas 
 Pynder, and Robard Coke, whyche lefte the Cherche 
 goods hole to the next cherche wardens. 
 
 In the second and thyrd yere of the kyng's grace that 
 now ys, ther was cherche wardens of the sayd pyshe, John 
 Denton, Edmund Wayte, and Jemys Dyxson. 
 
 It'm, there was solde by them to Fabyan Wythers a 
 sencer (censer) and a pyx of sylver, a crysmatory, and a 
 pax of sylver, waying all lxxi ownces, at v s the ownce, 
 Som'e xvii ]i xv s 
 
 It'm, solde more by them, a crosse of copper and other 
 olde mettyll of lattyn to Wyll'm Lawne, weying xlvi 
 pound, pryce the pound iiij d . Som'e xv s iiij d . 
 
 It'm, solde more by them to Sir Robard Curson, a cope 
 of crymson velvyt and golde, and an awter clothe lyke unto 
 the same, for the som'e of iij 11 vj s viij d . 
 
 Som'e of the hole receyts by them receyvyd, xxi 11 xvij s . 
 
 every minister of the church, on Sunday, having no sermon, 
 should read one of the homilies shortly to be set forth by the 
 King's authority. The Bible and the Paraphrase of Erasmus 
 remain in many of our churches secured by a chain at this 
 day, See Kempe's Notices of Tavistock and its Abbey, p. 12, 
 * The mark of the second churchwarden, Harry Etyn, 
 
170 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 Payme'ts payd by John Denton, Edmund Wayte, and 
 Jemys Dyxson. 
 
 Fyrst, bowght by them of Fabyan Wythers ii comunyon 
 cuppys * of sylver and psell gylte, waving xxxiii ownces at 
 vis yjiid ye ownce, som'e xi 11 . 
 
 It'm, bowght more by them of Sir Thomas Pope, a pese 
 of ground to make a ley stall for the soyle of the hole 
 pyshe, for otherwyse had we none, for the som'e of iij 11 
 vjs viij d . 
 
 It'm, payd more by them for boks to serve the quyer 
 and y e cherche, as yt aperythe by the boke of acounte, 
 som'e xxxiiij s ij d . 
 
 It'm, p d more by them for payntyng the scrypter (scrip- 
 ture) agaynst the Rode lofte and over the awter. 
 
 It'm, payd more by them for the Repacyons of the 
 cherche, as y* aperythe, pticularly by ther boke of a counte. 
 Som'e xx s . vi d . 
 
 It'm, solde by ther tyme (sic) to Thomas Kendall, all 
 ower (our) lattyn bokys f of pchment, for the som'e of x s . 
 
 It'm, solde more by them to Hew Fysher, all the olde 
 tymber that was on the cherche porche for v s . Som'e by 
 them receyved, xv s . 
 
 Payments payd by Thomas Edwards, Harry Bryan, and 
 Hew Fyssher. 
 
 It'm, p d by them for makyng up the churche porche, for 
 
 * For giving the wine in the holy sacrament to the laity, 
 from whom, under the popish ritual, it had been so long with- 
 held, contrary to the divine injunction, l< Drink ye all of it." 
 
 f All their Latin books of parchment were undoubtedly the 
 Romish missals. The price shews how very little these beauti- 
 fully-written, and often splendidly illuminated old formularies, 
 brought at the time of the Reformation. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 171 
 
 all manere of stufe and workmanshyp, and for other repa- 
 cyos (reparations) of the Cherche, as yt aperythe by the 
 boke of acounte, som'e vi h xii s . 
 
 It'm, p d more by them for the comunyon table w l a 
 frame viii s . 
 
 Som'e of payments by theme p d , vij 1 *. 
 
 So ys there payments more than there receytys by vj u v s . 
 
 It'm, the syxt yere of the kyng's grace that now ys, ther 
 ys (sic) cherchewardens of y e sayd pyshe, Robard Chare, 
 Harry Etyn, and John Cave. 
 
 It'm, solde by them an olde cope of red sylke withe 
 roses of sylver and gylte, for the som'e of xxiiij s . 
 
 It'm, payd by them for the repacyo's (reparations) of 
 the Cherche, as it aperythe by the boke of payme'ts, som'e 
 xxxi s . 
 
 (68.) 
 
 An original letter from the Lady Elizabeth, afterwards Queen, 
 to Sir Thomas Cawarden, at that time a Gentleman of the 
 Privy Chamber. This Letter relates to some affairs with 
 which he appears to have been charged by the Princess 
 above mentioned, and is inserted chiefly on account of the 
 early period at which it was written, which must have been 
 in the reign of Henry VIII. 
 
 Your loving fre'd, Elizabeth. * 
 
 Gentill Mr. Cawarden, w th o r hartiest comen- 
 
 dac'ons, this berer, our trustie servante, hath fullie 
 
 declared unto us as well the good hart ye bere us, 
 
 as also the good coformytte (conformity) he founde 
 
 * Signed at the top of margin in the original. 
 
172 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS 
 
 in you to satisffie all desires and necessites, togai- 
 ther w th yo r gentill handling of him for o r sake ; he 
 hath besides this declared unto us the suspicion ye 
 have that Mansell sholde go aboute to subornate 
 matter agenst you unto us, that therbie we sholde 
 the rather seme to consent to supplant youe in 
 some of your things. And finallie of yill (the ill) 
 demeano r s of his, w ch we assure you were un- 
 knowen unto us. For your redynes to doo us the 
 pleasure we demaunded, and the rest of this your 
 gentilnesse, we yelde unto youe our most hartie 
 thanks, assuring you that we will not be unmind- 
 full therof. Touching Benham, * wee thinke there 
 nedes none other Instruments then by yo r ires to 
 signifye your said conformytie unto us ; fFor the 
 residue of our demaunde, wherin we right well 
 pceive your redie good will to doo us pleasure, 
 
 * This, we believe, is the name of a place which may throw 
 some small light on the subject of the Princess's letter. We 
 find, by another MS. without date, that Cawarden was keeper, 
 steward, and bailiff of the Castle of Donnington, near Newbury, 
 in Berkshire, and its dependencies. He is also designated as 
 keeper of the park, paler (an officer who had charge of the 
 fences), woodward, and minister or paymaster. The emolu- 
 ments of these offices amounted to 28/. per annum. The first 
 dependent manor recited is Benham Valence, where he had the 
 keeping of the mansion-house and park, and of which we ima- 
 gine the Lady Elizabeth had a grant from the Crown. The 
 rest are, Hamsted Marshall, Newburye, Benham Level, Shawe, 
 and Calthorpe. He had a lease from the Crown of the house 
 and site of the dissolved Priory of Donnington, and other lands 
 in that neighbourhood. 
 
THE JLOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 173 
 
 w ch we assure you we alwaies ment for o r self, 
 wee doo most hartely thank youe likewise, for 
 without that, although it be but small, we cannot 
 lie in thos pties (partes.) Aud for your fees and 
 the leding of o' tennts, and the .... w th suche 
 like, be youe most assured ye shall as quyetlie 
 (quietly) enjoye them as your harte can thinke, 
 and your servants as well considered as this yo' 
 gentilnes dothehonestlie demerite. And touchinge 
 Mansell, as we wolde not have received him, 
 knowing him to be a man of such y veil inclinac'on, 
 and worse lief, as ye saie ; so woll we not uppon 
 due profe therof mainteigne him or any suche, 
 agenst our honor, as this berer can agayne tell 
 youe. 
 
 To o r very loving frende S r Tho- 
 mas Cawerden, knight, one of 
 the Gentlemen of the king's 
 maties p'vie ch r . 
 
 (69.) 
 
 Queen Elizabeth, on her accession, desires Sir Thomas Cawar- 
 den, &c. to take charge of her Tower of London jointly with 
 the Earl of Bedford. Other Letters also under the sign 
 manual, dated Strand Place (Somerset House) 10th Decem- 
 ber, in the same year, discharge him with many hearty thanks 
 from the above duty. 
 
 By the Quene. 
 Elizabeth. 
 Trustie and well beloved, we grete yo u well. 
 Uppon th'assured confidence we have in your 
 
174 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 faythfulnes towards us, and your liabilities also, 
 we do will and require yo 11 , and by thies presents 
 auctorize you, t'attend uppon our right trustie and 
 right welbeloved Cousyn th'Erle of Bedford, and 
 w th hj m f- r esorte to our Tower of London, and 
 to deliv r thies o r 1'res herew th sent to our trustie 
 and w 7 elbeloved S r Robert Oxenbrige, knight, and 
 thereuppon joynctely to take w* him the chardge 
 and custodie of o r sayd Tower, w t all maner things 
 therto belonging, and the same our place surely 
 and faythfully to kepe and holde only unto our 
 use, untyll our further pleas 1 ' be knowen, to whom 
 the same shal be comitted. And for that the same 
 maybe w* good suretie and order deliv'ed yo«, we 
 we have willed o r sayd righte trustie and right wel 
 beloved Cousin Therle of Bedford, in our name, 
 to see the same surely delivered unto yo» joyntly 
 w' the sayd S r Robert. 
 
 Geven under o r Signet* at o r mano r of Hatfelde, 
 
 the . . day of November, the first yere of our 
 reign e. 
 
 To our trusty and wel beloved Sir 
 Thomas Carden and Sir Ed- 
 ward Warner, knyghts. 
 
 * The signet used for these letters is that of Philip and 
 Mary, the arms of Spain quartered on the dexter and most ho- 
 nourable side of the shield, the arms of England on the sinister. 
 The whole surrounded with the collar loff the Garter, and hav- 
 ing the letter P. on the right side and M. on the left. Eliza- 
 beth was proclaimed Queen 17 Nov. 1558, and no time had 
 therefore passed in which to prepare a seal. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 175 
 
 (70.) 
 
 Extracts from the Will of Sir Thomas Cawarden. 
 
 In the name of God amen. The daye of Saint Bartho- 
 lomewe the Apostle, the yere of our Lord God 1559. 
 I, Thomas Cawarden, Knighte, of the parish of Blechin- 
 ligh, in the countie of Surrey, do ordyne and make my 
 testament, conteyninge therein my last will, in manner 
 and forme followinge. Ffyrst, I geve my soule unto 
 Almightie Godd my Maker and Redeemer, my bodie to 
 be buryed in the church of Blechingligh aforesaide, at 
 the discretion of my executours. I geve and bequethe 
 unto Richard Lee, of London, twentie poundes by the 
 yere of annuytie, yssuing and going out of all suche landes 
 as I have here lyinge within the circuyte and precincte of 
 the late Black {Fryers/* Also I geve and bequeath unto 
 
 * It has already been noticed, p. 16, that Sir Thomas Ca- 
 warden had a grant from the Crown of the church and precinct 
 of the dissolved monastery of the Black or Dominican Friars in 
 London. We have found two documents of considerable local 
 interest relative to that foundation among his papers, a Survey 
 taken in the reign of Edward VI. by the King's Surveyor, of the 
 site and soil of the church of the Blackfriars and its appen- 
 dages, and another of the tenements held by Sir Thomas Ca- 
 warden within its precinct. By the first, we find that the 
 church was a very noble structure, and must have had a most 
 imposing effect, standing as it did on the steep northern bank 
 of the Thames. It appears from the above document that it 
 had two aisles, a chancel, and "a chapel to the same;" no 
 doubt a retro-choir, or Lady Chapel. It was in breadth, from 
 the churchyard on the north to the cloister on the south, 66 
 feet; in length from east to west 220 feet ; dimensions rather 
 
176 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 the same Richard Lee all stuff and lumber of tentes, 
 and other olde howses and tymber, as is nowe remayning 
 w th in the place of M r of the Tents. Also I geve and be- 
 queath unto every of my servants, men and women, in 
 consideracon of there honest service to me heretofore 
 doon, one whole yeres wages after the day of my deathe. 
 Also I geve and bequethe to my father fower almayne 
 revetts, one corcelett brigandine, or shyrte of male, fur- 
 superior to those of that venerable pile, St. Saviour's, South- 
 wark. The cloister on the south side was comprised in a 
 square, each side of which measured 110 feet. The chapter- 
 house lay west of the cloister, and was 44? feet long, by 22 
 broad. The cemetery on the north of the church was 90 feet 
 in breadth by 200 in length. Such particulars have we been 
 able incidentally to recover from the above document relative 
 to the church of the Blackfriars, London, which not even the 
 noble remains that it enshrined could protect from being razed 
 in the devastation committed on so many glorious monuments of 
 our national architecture, at the suppression of religious houses. 
 A list of the distinguished persons who were there entombed is 
 given by Stow, in his Survey of London ; from whom we learn 
 that several Parliaments were there held ; that in the year 
 1522 the Emperor Charles the Fifth was lodged there ; and 
 that Wolsey and Campeius here held their Court for the pur- 
 pose of effecting the divorce of Henry VIII. from Catharine of 
 Arragon. On the dissolution, several noblemen took up their 
 residence within the precinct. The Master of the Revels and 
 Tents, and his assistants, had their office and houses there ; and 
 a theatre, in 1576, was established on the spot by Richard Bur- 
 bage, the original hero of many of Shakspeare's dramas. The 
 inhabitants of the precinct petitioned the Council against this 
 place of public amusement, and alleged that the playhouse 
 being so near the church, the drums and trumpets would disturb 
 the minister and parishioners in the time of divine service and 
 sermons. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 177 
 
 nisshedd according unto the discretion of my executors. 
 Also I geve and bequeath unto the poore of the p'ishe of 
 Blechingligh and Hoorne ffifteene poundes, and unto the 
 parish of Katherham ffyve poundes, to be disbursed unto 
 the same parishes by the discretion of my executors. Also 
 
 I geve unto my s'vantes Barthilmewe Scott, Scott 
 
 his brother, Thomas Boothe, Thomas Vaughan, and Otto 
 Willick, and to ev'y of them, one geldinge, to be delyvered 
 unto them at the discretion of my executours. Also unto 
 the same Otto Willick I geve and bequethe onedagge (pistol) 
 and one hand gunne. Also untoDuffelde my servant I geve 
 and bequethe one geldinge. Also I do geve unto William 
 More, esquire, thre stoned coltes and thre geldinges, to be 
 taken amonges all such coltes and geldinges as I have by 
 me, at his election. Also I geve and bequeath unto the 
 same William More, esquire, one of the best corseletts * 
 that I have, at his election; two gilte partizans, to be 
 
 * The spirit of chivalry, which made armour, horses, and 
 weapons objects of much value and price, had not declined in 
 the 16th century. In Sir Philip Sydney's Arcadia, lib. 3, p 
 286, the reader will find a lively and beautiful description of a 
 tilting, and the arms of the combatants. We extract a single 
 passage : " As soone as Amphialus landed, he sent his squire to 
 Phalantius to tell him there was a knight ready to know whe- 
 ther he had any thing to say to him. Phalantius answered, 
 that his answer must now be in the language of lances, and so 
 each attended the warning of the trumpets. Phalantius' horse, 
 yong, and feeling the youth of his master, stood corvetting, 
 which being well governed by Phalantius, gave such a glitter- 
 ing grace as when the sun in a cleere day shines upon a waving 
 water. Amphialus 5 horse stood pawing upon the ground with 
 his further foot before, as if he would for his master's cause 
 begin to make himself angrie ; till, the trumpets sounding toge- 
 ther, together they set spurres to their horses, together took 
 
 N 
 
178 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 taken at his election, two corseletts for his men, ffower 
 piks, six Almayn revetts, six black bills and bowes, twelve 
 shefe of arrowes, a faire sworde, at his election. Also to 
 Thomas Harvie, my late s'vaunte, thre corseletts, v Al- 
 mayne revetts, vi black bills, vi bowes, twelve sheffe of 
 arrowes, two geldinges and a colt. Also unto Thomas 
 Blagrave, my late s'vaimt, thre corseletts, vi Almayn re- 
 vetts, vi bowes, twelve shefe of arrowes, and vi black bills, 
 two geldinges and a colt. The residue of all my goods 
 and cattails to remayne unto Elizabeth, my wiff, my dettes 
 paid, and legac's performed, which Elizabeth, and William 
 More, esquire, of Loseley, in the countie of Surrey, I do 
 ordeyne and make my executours of this my last will and 
 testament, and Thomas Blagrave and Thomas Howe 
 overs eirs of the same. 
 
 I geve unto Anthony Browne * my yonge done (dun) 
 ambling geldinge ; and unto Gilbert Gerrard and Richard 
 Goodridge, and to every of them, one ring of gold of the 
 vallew of iiij marks. And whereas I have alwaies founde 
 the honorable Lorde Clinton my very fTrende and especial 
 good lorde, I will that my executours aforesaide shall geve 
 unto him a cup of the vallue of tenne powndes, as a re- 
 membraunce and testemony of my poor good will allway 
 borne unto him ; and to the ladie his wiffe a gold ringe 
 w* a turkes (turquoise). I geve also unto Mrs. Wade a 
 gowne of black damask, and a hoode, furnisshed accord- 
 ing to a widowes estate. In witnes whereof, &c. &c. 
 
 their lances from their thighs, conveyed them up into the rest 
 together, together let them sinke downward, so as it was a de- 
 lectable sight in a dangerous effect, and a pleasant considera- 
 tion that there was so perfect an agreement in so mortal dis- 
 agreement, like a musicke made of cunning discords/' &c. 
 * One of the Justices of the Common Pleas. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 179 
 
 (71.) 
 
 The yearly Expences of Sir Thomas Cawarden's Household. 
 
 A Note of the yerlye Expences of the Howshold of S r 
 Thomas Cawarden, Knyght, an sec E. Sexti. 
 
 S Vnts having lev'aes (liveries) to the nomber of c. wiche 
 hathe yerlyye a yerd d d of clothe a pece, wiche lev'aes 
 does amount in some to, after vi s the yerd and iii s the di 
 yerd, to ..... xlv 1 * 
 
 The expences of beffe the space of xlv weeks, iij 11 in 
 the week .... clxxx 11 
 
 The expences of malte the space of Hi weiks, iii qrts. 
 d' spent one weik w th another, after vi s viiid the qrt. comes 
 to the some ..... lx 1 * x s 
 
 The expences of freshe fyshe the space of cij weks, 
 ev'y weke a dosseer, after vi s the dosser, so mountethe 
 some to ..... xv 1 * xii s 
 
 The expencs of salt fishe, beyinge white and reid, ells 
 (eels) and sturgeon ..... xv ]i 
 
 The chargs of s'vants wages to the nomber of 1, xl s 
 a pece . . . . . . c 1 * 
 
 Spice and peper in one yere . . . x 1 * 
 
 Wyne, renyshe, reid, whyte, sak, and clareit, and 
 mamssye . . • . . . x u ' 
 
 Multons (besids p'vessione) c, v s a pece . xxv 1 * 
 
 Saltte, and the reparacons, of pewther and brass, in the 
 ketchyng, and the caregeis fro' London, by the occac'on of 
 the howshold .... viij u 
 
 (72.) 
 
 Funeral Charges of Sir Thomas Cawarden. 
 Suche Charges as grewe the Daye of the Obseques of S r 
 Thorn's Cawarden, Knight, decessed, viz. 
 Imp'm's, the blacks . . . lxix ]i xix s ii d 
 
 n2 
 
180 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 It'm, for velvet and sylcks and bridges satten x 1 v s v d 
 It'm, to the paynter . . . . ii l 
 
 It'm, to Barthelmew Scott, for money disbursed at that 
 
 same tyme, as apery th by byll . . lviij s iiij d 
 
 It'm, to Richarde Leyes, for moneye by him disbursed 
 
 the same tyme, as apereth by byll . . xxiiij s ii d 
 
 .It'm, to Mr. Byron, preacher . . xxv s iiij d 
 
 To Mr. Marian, herald of armes . . liij s ihj d 
 
 It'm, to the parson of the cherche, for executing of the 
 
 funeralle ...... xii d 
 
 It'm, to the cherche wardens, for breking the grounde 
 
 of the sepulker or grave he was buryed in . vi s iiii d 
 
 It'm, to the parson for a dead mortuary . . x 5 
 
 It'm, in ready money distributed to the poore, the daye 
 
 of the funeralle, by the hands of Richard Leye, the parson 
 
 of the churche, in the presens of the churchwardens 
 
 iiij 1 ' xij s 
 It'm, to John Broke and WylTm Asted, for dyging the 
 
 grave, &c. . . . . . ii s ii d 
 
 It'm, to the sexton, clerke, and ryngears . ix s iiij d 
 
 It'm, for the lone of black cottons . xiii s i d ob. 
 
 It'm, for the waste of cottons borrowed . iij s 
 
 It'm, payed to Mr. Moore, by thehands of Thomas Hawe, 
 
 for xxvii yards blacke cotton, w'ch he sent from Gylforde 
 
 to hang aboute the corps and wagon, when the same was 
 
 brought to Blechyngly from Horsley . xv s ix d 
 
 [The total of the above is £96. 155. l%d.] 
 
 In another paper are the particulars of the funeral ban- 
 
 quet, as follows : 
 
 
 Provision of fireshe acates from London 
 
 v 11 vii s viij d 
 
 It'm, two tonne of beare 
 
 iijli 
 
 It'm, iiij quarters wheat 
 
 iij 1 * xiiij s iiij d 
 
 It'm, ii oxen . 
 
 vi 11 xiij s iiij d 
 
 It'm, iiii vealls 
 
 . xiij s iiij d 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 181 
 
 It'm, iiii multons 
 It'm, iiij piggs 
 It'm, iiij d. (doz.) pigeons 
 It'm, vii d. coneyes 
 Ftm, iiij d. chekens . 
 It'm, sugar, spies, and frutes 
 It'm, wyne di. (half a) tonne 
 It'm, to Thomas B.owyer, for ii loods coles . xx s 
 
 The total of the above is £32. 16s. 8d.; and of the 
 whole expences of the Knight's obsequies £129. lis. 9%d. 
 
 XVJS 
 
 viij d 
 
 . V s 
 
 iiijd 
 
 . 
 
 viij s 
 
 . 
 
 xvi s 
 
 vis 
 
 viij d 
 
 . 
 
 v li 
 
 
 vli 
 
 (73.) 
 
 Estimate by a Herald of the Funeral Charges of the Lady Ca- 
 warden ; endorsed, (e The charge of the buryall of the Lady 
 of a Knyght. 
 
 Preparation to be made for the Buryall of the 
 Lady Cardyn. 
 
 ffyrst the body to be well syred (cered) and chested. 
 
 Item, a place to be appointed wher the body shall be 
 buryed. 
 
 Item, ordre to be takin for the hangyng of the churche 
 withe blacke. 
 
 Item, ordre be takyn for the raylles wher the mor- 
 ners shall knele, to be hangyd with blacke ; and also the 
 churche, and the said raylles, to be garnyshed with 
 scochins. 
 
 Item, to apoint a gentylman in a blacke gowne to cary 
 the penon of armes. 
 
 Item, to apoint v women morners, wherof the chifest 
 to be in the degre of a lady. 
 
 Item, to apoint a knyght or a squier to lede the chieff 
 morner. 
 
 Item, to apoint iiij gentylmen to be assystance to the 
 body. 
 
182 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 Item, yeomen in blacke cottes to cary the body. 
 
 Item, to appoint a preacher. 
 
 Item, to appoint a paulle of blacke velvett to laye upon 
 the body during the service. 
 
 Item, prestes and clarks to be appontyd for the said 
 service. 
 
 The paynter's charge : 
 
 ffyrst, for a pennon of her armes . . xxvi s viij d 
 
 Item, vi scochins on bouckeram for the body, at ii s 
 a piece . . . . . . xii 
 
 Item, scochins in mettall 
 
 Item, scochins in coullers 
 
 Clarencieulx King of Armes, v yardes of blacke clothe 
 for his mornyng gowne 
 
 Item, more for his fee for the beryall of a lady, a 
 knight's wyffe . . . . iii M vi s viii d 
 
 Item, the Herroulde that shall go to serve, to have iiij 
 yardes demy of blacke clothe for his gowne. 
 
 Item, his chargys to be boryn to and fro, and v s a daye 
 for his s'vice. 
 
 Due unto Clarencieulx King of Armes, for the beryall of 
 Sire Thomas Car den, Knight 
 
 Item, for my allowance of my blacke clothe, and for 
 my fee, yet unansweryd . . . . v 1 * 
 
 Item, for my fee of the patent of armes graunted unto 
 my Lady Cardyn, yett unansweryd ffor . . v Ji 
 
 (74-) 
 
 Sir William Fitzwylliams (afterwards Lord Deputy of Ireland) 
 to Mr. More ; the Lord Chamberlain has begun to make la- 
 bour for his son to be one of the knights of the shire. The 
 Queen suddenly quits her domestic chapel when a Bishop 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 1S3 
 
 was about to elevate the host in the old form. This was the 
 first marked demonstration which she gave of her intention 
 to support the principles of the glorious Reformation. 
 
 I can but ffor these yo r late lettyrs, and all othyr 
 yo r gentlenes, render on toyo u moste hertie thanks; 
 and to theffect of yo r saide lettyrs yo u shall ondyr- 
 stande that apon' Sat'day last, he beyng at Londyn, 
 my sone Brown wrote on' to me that he hade on- 
 dyrstanding my lord chamb'layn began to make 
 labore for his sone to be one of the knyghts ffor 
 that shyre. Wherapon I sent to Mr. Cawerden to 
 knowe his opynion theryn, whose awnswer was 
 that ffor hys own parte he wolde take no knoledge 
 of annye suche mattyrs, nor he thoght gode that 
 my son sholde, saying ffurdyr that oneles my son 
 dyd stande ffor the same he wolde not, and that 
 he undyrstode Mr. Sawndyrs made at the desyre of 
 my saide L. ernest mene onto the freeholders 
 abowte Kyngeston w'ch made awnswere that theye 
 had pmysyd ther gode wylls beffore, &c. Thus 
 have I s'teffyd (certified) my sayd sone of Mr. 
 Cawyrden his mynde, and of my owen also w'ch 
 is myche agreable to the same. And I hope w th 
 the gode helpe of yo' and othyr gode ffrends the 
 mattyr wyll goo well ynoghe on owr syde, &c. 
 Mr. Teylle wilbe w th yo u apon Wensdaye nexte, 
 &c. And ffor newes yo u shall ondyrstand that 
 yestyrdaye beyng Chrystemas day the quene's 
 ma tie repayryd to hyr great closet w'th hyr nobles 
 and ladyes, as hath ben acustomyd yn ssuch high 
 
184 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 feasts. And she parseving a bysshope p'paring 
 himselfe to masse all in the olde ffowrme, she 
 taryyd there ontill the gospelle was done, and when 
 all the people lokyd ffor hir to have offryde 
 according the olde fTaccon, she w'th hyr nobles 
 reeturnyd agayn fFrom the closet and the masse, on 
 to hir p'veye chamb'r, w'ch was strange on' to 
 dyv's, &c. blessid be God in all his gifts, &c. Yo u 
 shall knowe more of this mattyr by Mr. Teylle, 
 &c. I pray yo' to commende me and my wiffe, 
 ffirst on'to yo'self, and then on to yo r gode wyfe, 
 &c. this Saynt Steveen's night, by yo r as his own. 
 
 Wyll'm Fitzwyll'jvis. 
 To the Right w'shypfullMr.More, 
 
 Sheriffe of the Cowntees of Sur- 
 
 reye and Sussyxe. 
 
 (75.) 
 
 Mr. Tyle to Mr. (afterwards Sir William) More,* a familiaF 
 letter, from the Court at Windsor, written at Christmas 1558, 
 about five weeks after the accession of Queen Elizabeth. 
 
 After my most hartie comendac'ons bothe unto 
 yo u and toyo r bedfellow, this shalbe to advertis yo u 
 that my ladie Fitz wilPms willed me to se'tifie yo u 
 that as yet S r Will'm Fitz wili'ms her bedfellow ys 
 not yet come from the court, and whether he 
 comyth to night or no we are not assured, but we 
 had word from hym that he wold be at home yf 
 he convenyentlye maye. 
 
 * He was knighted by Queen Elizabeth in 1576. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 185 
 
 Apon Saterdaye last he spake with the quene, 
 and her grace comanded hym to tarry e there 
 Saynt Steuen's daye, and then her grace wold talk 
 farder with hym He hath sent home apon Sater- 
 day last all his ap'arell ; wherefore we know he will 
 not be long awaye, for he hath not left hym a shert 
 there to shy ft hym with all, my ladie wold be glad 
 to see yo u and yo r bedfellow here this holydayes. 
 Thus I byd yo u most hartely farewell, from the 
 manner of the great p'ke (park) of Wyndsor this 
 p'sent Saynt Steeven's daye. 
 
 By yo's to com'and, 
 
 Edward Tyle. 
 
 I ham very glad to here of yo r renysh wyne, I 
 praye yo u kepeyt well, for I trust my p'te ys therin. 
 
 To the right worshipful Mr. 
 Will'm More geve this. 
 
 Lotteries in the reign of Elizabeth. 
 
 The following papers give the particulars of "a very 
 rich Lottery General of money, plate, and certain sorts of 
 merchandize, erected by her Majesty's order," A. D. 1567 '• 
 The greatest and most excellent prize, it will be seen, was 
 estimated at 5,000/., of which 3,000/. was to be paid to 
 the lucky adventurer in ready money, 700/. in plate, 
 " gilt and white," and the remainder in " good tapisserie 
 meet for hangings, and other covertures, and certain sorts 
 of good linen cloth," The lots, amounting in number to 
 four hundred thousand, were somewhat tardily disposed 
 
186 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 of, and the lottery appears not to have been read, as the 
 phrase then was, until the 11th of January, 1568 — 9,* 
 when the reading took place in a building erected for the 
 purpose at the west door of St. Paul's cathedral, and con- 
 tinued, day and night, until the 6th of the following May. 
 The price of the lots was 10s. each ; the lots were 
 occasionally subdivided, for the accommodation of the 
 purchasers, into halves and quarters, and, it appears from 
 one of the printed reports extant, were apportioned into 
 shares still more minute, although it is not easy precisely 
 to determine what the subdivisions were. The objects 
 propounded for the profits of this lottery were, the repair 
 of the harbours and fortifications of the kingdom, and 
 other public works. Great pains, it will be seen, was 
 taken to " provoke the people " to adventure their money 
 in this voluntary mode of taxation, which to the majority 
 it must have eventually proved. The Lord Mayor and 
 Corporation of the City of London were made, jointly 
 with her majesty, responsible for the faithful fulfilment of 
 the conditions of the lottery to the public ; and a docu- 
 ment, intituled, " The ende taken by the Lord Mayor of 
 London in the affayre of the Lottery," states that he, with 
 all his brethren (the Aldermen), repairing to the house of 
 the Lottery, adventured among them to the number of a 
 thousand lots ; that all the city companies, as the Mer- 
 cers, Drapers, Haberdashers, &c. did the like, and that 
 this was general throughout the whole city. That every 
 man privately adventured what he thought good. Several 
 of the small parishes and hamlets nigh to London, espe- 
 
 * In these old documents it is hardly necessary to observe 
 that the year is always calculated to commence on the 25th of 
 March. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 187 
 
 cially in Middlesex, adventured in companies, " every man 
 putting into the lottery according to his ability, some 
 one lott or mo, some half a lott, some iis. vi d. some xii^. 
 some nid. some iid. or more or less according to ther 
 haviours and power, and the same put into the lottery 
 under one posye, in the name of the hole parishe." These 
 mottoes, devices, or posies were publicly proclaimed at 
 the drawing, whence came, the term in use at the time, 
 " reading the lottery/' 
 
 We have not met with any lotteries on record before the 
 time of Queen Elizabeth, when they appear to have become 
 a common mode of raising money for the purposes of the 
 State.* The documents at Loseley are perhaps the only 
 original illustrations extant of the lotteries of that period. 
 In 1585, the Chronicles make mention of " a lottery for 
 marvellous and beautiful armour, begun to be drawn in 
 Paul's Churchyard, at the great west gate, in a house of 
 timber and board, there erected for that purpose, on St. 
 Peter and St. Paul's day." f We suspect, from the nature 
 of the prizes here mentioned, that lotteries were introduced 
 at an earlier period, and in the age which may distinctively 
 be accounted as the chivalrous. Lotteries were known in 
 the classic ages. Those of Augustus, Nero, and Elaga- 
 balus are recorded. The latter contrived, like the modern 
 designers of lottery schemes, that his lotteries should 
 
 * The Lords of the Council address letters to Sir Edward 
 Howard 3 Sir Edmund Bowyer, and Sir Francis Vincent, Knts. 
 Deputy Lieutenants for Surrey, dated 2d February 1614 (11th 
 of James the First) concerning a Lottery in aid of the English 
 Colonists in Virginia. This Lottery was appointed to be drawn 
 at the usual place, the West door of St. Paul's Cathedral. 
 
 f See the rare little duodecimo, Stow's " Summarie of the 
 Chronicles," p ; 401. 
 
188 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 be " all prizes without any blanks •" but when one indivi- 
 dual gained six slaves, and another six flies, one a vase of 
 costly material and workmanship, and another a pipkin of 
 common earthenware, the holders of the inferior prizes, as 
 in later times, had little reason to congratnlate themselves 
 that they were not to be denominated as blanks. 
 
 (76.) 
 
 " Chart " of the Lottery of the year 1567. This is esteemed 
 by bibliographical judges to be an unique specimen ; it is 
 printed in a well-formed black letter character with an ad- 
 mixture (for the heads and some clauses of distinction) of 
 text and italics. The bill is five feet in length by nineteen 
 inches in breadth, surrounded by a neat border of orna- 
 mental types. It has at the top an impression of a boldly 
 cut wood block, 20 inches deep, representing the Royal 
 Arms, the City of London, St. Paul's Cathedral with its lofty 
 spire, the river, and the sun effulgent. Underneath are the 
 articles of plate, money, and tapestry, curiously displayed in 
 several compartments, probably as they were to be seen in 
 Cheapside, London, at the sign of the Queen's Majesty's 
 Arms,"in the house of Master Derick, Goldsmith, her servant; 
 see the document subjoined. 
 
 A verie rich Lotterie Generall, without any blancks, 
 contayning a great number of good prices, as wel of redy 
 money as of plate, and certaine sorts of marchaundizes, 
 having ben valued and priced by the comaundement of 
 the Queenes most excellent majestie, by men expert and 
 skilfull; and the same Lotterie is erected by hir majesties 
 order, to the intent that suche commoditie as may 
 chaunce to arise thereof, after the charges borne, may be 
 converted towardes the reparation of the havens and 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 189 
 
 strength of the Realme, and towardes such other publique 
 good workes. The number of lots shall be foure hundreth 
 thousand, and no more ; and every lot shall be the summe 
 of tenne shillings sterling onely, and no more. 
 Three welcomes. 
 
 The first person to whome any lot shal happen shal 
 have for his welcome, (bysides the advantage of his adven- 
 ture,) the value of fiftie poundes sterling, in a piece of syl- 
 ver plate gilte. 
 
 The second to whome any lot shall happen, shall have 
 in like case for his welcome (bysydes his adventure) the 
 summe of thirtie poundes, in a piece of plate gilte. 
 
 The third to whom any price shall happen, shall have 
 for his welcome, besides his adventure, the value of twen- 
 tie pounds, in a piece of plate gilte. 
 The Prices. 
 
 Whosoever shall winne the greatest and most excellent 
 price, shall receive the value of five thousande poundes 
 sterling, that is to say, three thousande pounds in ready 
 money, seven hundred poundes in plate gilte and white, 
 and the rest in good tapissarie meete for hangings, and 
 other covertures, and certain sortes of good linen cloth. 
 
 2d " great price/' 3,500/., i. e. 2,000/. in money, 600/. in 
 plate, the rest in good tapissarie, &c. as above.* 
 
 3d. 3,000/. i. e. 1,500/. in money, 500/. in plate, the 
 rest, &c. 
 
 4th. 2,000/. i. e. 1,000/. in money, 400/. in plate, the 
 rest, &c. 
 
 * We have taken the liberty to abbreviate the original docu- 
 ment in detailing the prizes, only in substituting numerals for 
 words at length, and in omitting the repetition of the mere words 
 of form to be found in the leading clause. 
 
190 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 5th. 1,500/. i. e. 750/. in money, 300/. in plate, the 
 rest, &c. 
 
 6th. 1,000/. i. e. 500/. in money, 200/. in plate, the 
 rest, &c. 
 
 7th. 700/. i. e. 400/. in money, 100/. in plate, the rest, &c- 
 
 8th. 500/. i. e. 250/. in money, 100/. in plate, the rest, &c. 
 
 9th. 400/. i. e. 250/. in money, 100/. in plate, the rest, &c. 
 
 10th. 300/. i. e. 200/. in money, 50/. in plate, the rest, &c. 
 
 11th. 250/. i. e. 150/ in money, 50/. in plate, the rest, &c. 
 
 12th. 200/. i. e. 150/. in money, the rest in good tapis- 
 serie and linen cloth. 
 
 13th. 140/. i. e. 100/. in money, 40/. in plate, tapissarie, 
 or linen cloth. 
 
 12 prices, every price of the value of 100/. that is to 
 say, 3 score and 10/. ready money, and 30/. in plate, ta- 
 pissarie, or linen cloth. 
 
 20 and 4 prices, every price of 50/., 30/. in ready money, 
 20/. in plate, tapissarie, &c. 
 
 3 score prices of 4 and 20/. and 10s. (24/. 10s.) 17/. 
 in ready money, and "J I. 10s. in plate, &c. 
 
 4 score and 10 prices, every price of 22l. 10s. i. e. 15/. 
 in money, 7/- 10s. in plate, &c. 
 
 One hundreth and 14 of 18/. i. e. 12/. in money, 6l. 5s. 
 in plate gilte and white. 
 
 120 prices of 12/. 10s. i. e. 7/' 10s. in money, 5/. in like 
 plate. 
 
 150 prices of 8/. i. e. 5/. in money, 3/. in linen cloth. 
 
 200 prices of 67. 10s. i. e. 4/. in money, 50s. in linen cloth. 
 
 300 prices of 41. 10s. i. e. 50s. in money, 40s. in linen 
 cloth, &c. 
 
 500 prices of Si. 10s. i. e. 40s. in money, 30s. in linen 
 cloth, &c. 
 
 500 prices of 50s. in money. 
 
 2000 prices of 40s. in plate. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 191 
 
 6000 prices of 255. in money. 
 
 10,000 prices of 15s. in money. 
 
 9418 prices of 14s. in money. 
 
 And all the rest, to the accomplishing of the aforesayd 
 number of lottes, shall be allowed for every adventure at 
 the least 2 shill s and six pens in ready money. 
 
 Conditions ordained for the advantage of the Adventurers 
 in this Lotterie, bysides the Prices before mentioned in 
 the Charte. 
 
 The Queenes Majestie, of hir power royall, giveth liber- 
 tie to all maner of persons that will adventure any money 
 in this Lotterie, to resort to the places underwritten, and 
 to abyde and depart from the same in manner and forme 
 following ; that is to say, to the Citie of London, at any 
 time within the space of one moneth next following the 
 feast of S. Bartholomew this present yeare 1567, and 
 there to remain seven days. And to these cities and 
 towns following: York, Norwich, Exceter, Lincolne, Co 
 ventrie, Southampton, Hull, Bristol, Newcastell, Chester, 
 Ipswich, Sarisbury, Oxforde, Cambridge, and Shrewes- 
 bury, in the Realme of Englande, and Dublyn and Water- 
 forde in the Realme of Irelande, at any time within the 
 space of three weekes next after the publication of this 
 Lotterie in every of the sayd severall places, and there to 
 remaine also seven whole days, without any molestation 
 or arrest of them for any maner of offence, saving treason, 
 murder, pyracie, or any other felonie, or for breach of hir 
 Majesties peace, during the time of their comming, abid- 
 ing, or retourne. 
 
 And that every person adventuring their money in this 
 Lotterie may have the like libertie in comming and de- 
 parting to and from the Citie of London, during all the 
 
192 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 time of the reading of the same Lotterie, untill their last 
 adventure be to them answered. 
 
 Also, that whosoever under one devise, prose or poesie, 
 shall adventure to the number of thirtie lottes and up- 
 ward, within three monethes next following after the sayd 
 feast of Saint Bartholomew, and by the hazarde of the 
 prices contained in this Lotterie gaineth not the thirde 
 pennie of so much as they shall have adventured, the 
 same third pennie, or so much as wanteth of the same, 
 shall be allowed unto them in a yearely pencion, to begin 
 from the day when the reading of the sayd Lotterie shall 
 ende, and to continue yearely during their life. 
 
 Whosoever shall gaine the best second and third great 
 prices, having not put in the posies whereunto the sayd 
 prices shall ' be answerable into the Lotterie within three 
 moneths next after the said feast of Saint Bartholomew, 
 shall have abated and taken out of the summe of money 
 contained in the said best price, one hundreth and fiftie 
 pounds, and of the sayd second price one hundreth 
 pounds, and out of the said third price foure score pounds, 
 to be given to any towne corporate or haven, or to any 
 other place, for any good and desirable use, as the partie 
 shall name or appoint in writing. 
 
 And whosoever shall gaine a hundreth poundes or up- 
 warde in any price, saving the three severall best prices 
 next afore mentioned, having not put in his lots, whereby 
 he shall gaine any such price, within three moneths next 
 following the sayd feast of Saint Bartholomew, shall have 
 abated and deducted (as above is sayd) out of every hun- 
 dred pounds five pounds, to be employed as is next before 
 sayd. 
 
 Whosoever having put in thirtie lottes under one de- 
 vise or posie, within the sayd three moneths, shalle winne 
 the last lot of all, if before that lot wonne he have not 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 193 
 
 gained so much as hath ben by him put in, shall for his 
 tarying and yll fortune be comforted with the reward of 
 two hundreth poundes, and for every lot that he shall 
 have put in besydes the sayd thirty lots, he shall have 
 twentie shillings sterlyng. 
 
 And whosoever having put in xxx lots under one de- 
 vise or posie, within the sayd three moneths, shal win the 
 last lot save one, and have not gained so much as he hath 
 put in, shal likewise be comforted for his long tarrying 
 with the rewaid of c pounds, and for every lot that he 
 shal have put in above xxx shall receive ten shillings 
 sterling. 
 
 Item, whosoever shall adventure from fortie lottes up- 
 warde, under one devise or posie, shall have libertie to 
 lay downe the one halfe in readie money, and give in bond 
 for the other halfe to the Comissioner that in that behalfe 
 shal be appointed to have the charge for that citie or 
 towne where the partie shal thinke good to pay his money, 
 with condition to pay in the same money, for the which 
 they shal be bound, six weekes at the least before the day 
 appointed for the reading of the lotterie, upon payn to 
 forfaite the money payde, and the benefit of any price. 
 Which day of reading shall begyn within the Citie of 
 London the xxv day of June next coming. 
 
 And in case it shall fortune the same day of the reading 
 to be prolonged upon any urgent nedeful cause to a fur- 
 ther day, the parties having adventured and put their 
 money into the lotterie, shall be allowed for the same 
 after the rate of ten in the hundred from the day of the 
 prorogation of the sayd readyng untill the very day of the 
 first reading of the lotterie. 
 
 Item, every person to whome, in the time of reading, 
 any price shall happen and be due, the same price shal be 
 delivered unto him the next day following, to dispose of 
 
 o 
 
194 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 the same at his pleasure, without that he shall be com- 
 pelled to tary for the same until the ende of the reading 
 And, being a straunger borne, he shal have libertie to 
 convert the same, being money, into wares, to be by him 
 transported into foraine parts, paying only half custome 
 for the same and other duties that otherwise he should 
 answer therefore. 
 
 Whosoever at the time of the reading shall have three 
 of his owne posies or devises, comming together succes- 
 sively and immediately one after another, the same having 
 put in the sayd three posies within thre moneths (as 
 before), shall have for the same posies or devises so com- 
 ming together one after an other, three pounds sterling 
 over and besides the price answerable therfore. 
 
 And whosoever at the time of the reading shall have 
 four posies or devises comming together successively and 
 immediately one after another, having put in his sayde 
 posies within three monethes (as before mentioned) shall 
 have for the sayd foure posies and devises six poundes 
 sterling, besides the prices. 
 
 And who soever at the time of the reading shall have 
 five posies or devises comming together successively and 
 immediately one after another, having put in his lottes 
 within thre moneths (as before), shall have for the sayd five 
 posies or devises ten pounds sterling, besides the prices. 
 
 And who soever shall have the like adventure six times 
 together, having put in his lots, as afore, shal have for those 
 vi posis or devises xxv pounds sterling, and the prices. 
 
 And who soever shall have the like adventure seven 
 times together, having put in his lots as afore, shall 
 have for those seven posies or devises a hundreth pounds 
 sterling, and the prices. 
 
 And whosoever shall have the like adventure eight 
 times together, having put in his lots as afore, shall have 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 195 
 
 for those eight two hundreth pounds sterling, and the 
 prices. 
 
 And so the posies or devises resorting together by- 
 increase of number, he to whom they shal happen in that 
 sorte, having put in his money, as afore is said, shal have 
 for every tyme of increase one hundreth poundes sterling, 
 and the prices. 
 
 The receipt and collection of this present Lotterie shall 
 endure for the rest of the Realme besides London, until 
 the xvth day of April next coming, which shalbe in the 
 yere 1568. 
 
 And the receipt and collection of the City of London 
 shal continue unto the first day of May next following ; 
 at which dayes, or before, all the collectors shal bring in 
 their bokes of the collection of lottes to such as shal be 
 appointed to receive their accomptes, upon paine, if they 
 do faile so to do, to lose the profite and wages appointed 
 to them for their travell in that behalfe. Finally, it is to 
 be under standed that hir Majestie and the Citie of Lon- 
 don will answere to all and singular persons havyng ad- 
 ventured their money in this Lotterie, to observe all the 
 articles and conditions contained in the same from point 
 to point inviolably. 
 
 The shewe of the prices and rewardes above mencioned 
 shall be set up to be seene in Cheapsyde in London, at 
 the signe of the Queene's Majestie's arms, in the house of 
 M. Dericke, goldsmith, servant to the Queene's most 
 excellent Majestie. 
 
 God saue the Queen. 
 
 Imprinted at London, in Paternoster Rowe, by Henrie 
 Bynneman, anno 1567. 
 
 o 2 
 
196 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 (77.) 
 
 Proclamation of Queen Elizabeth relative to the Chart of the 
 Lottery lately erected, &c. from an original copy, printed in 
 the black letter. January 3, 1567. 
 
 By the Queene. 
 
 Where as in the Chart of the Lotterie lately erected, 
 amongst other things devised for the advauntage of the 
 adventurers, there was a limitation of three monethes, 
 within the compasse whereof, who so adventured money 
 into the sayd Lotterie, should be partakers of divers pro- 
 fits and advantages more than others that should adventure 
 their money after the said three monethes ended. 
 
 Forasmuch as in sundry parts of the realme, the prin- 
 cipal persons that were appointed to be the treasurers for 
 the money that should be gathered in the severall shyres 
 of the realme, had not received their instructions and 
 charge hi such due time as was requisite, by reason that 
 upon the first nomination of them, there were after sundry 
 alterations of some by reason of sicknesse, of others by 
 reason they were dead aboute the time of their nomination, 
 and of some others, that afterward were so otherwise occu- 
 pied in publike offices, as the said service could not be by 
 them executed, so as of the sayd space of three moneths, 
 there passed over a good part, to the detriment of the ad- 
 venturers. Hir Majestie being duely advertised of the 
 premisses, to the ende that in the affaire of the said Lot- 
 terie, advaunced by hir Majestie for the good of the com- 
 mon weale, all hir loving subjectes should be. in treated 
 with an indifferencie of dealing, and participate alike of 
 the advantages expressed in the sayd Chart, without any 
 prejudice of time passed away from them without their 
 faulte or occasion ; is pleased that the advauntage of the 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 197 
 
 sayd three monethes now expired, shall be enlarged and 
 proroged to all maner of persones, that have or shall ad- 
 venture their money into the said Lotterie for thre mo- 
 neths longer, to have course and continuance for the space 
 of foure score and ten dayes accompting xxx dayes to the 
 moneth, to begin within every shire their accompt exclu- 
 sively, from the xxiiii of December last past. 
 
 So as whosoever within the sayd three monethes of pro- 
 rogation shall adventure or at any time before have adven- 
 tured their money into the sayd Lotterie, shall have and 
 enjoye all maner and as ample advauntages and commo- 
 dities, as by vertue and tenure of the sayd Chart, they 
 shuld have enjoyed if they had adventured their money 
 into the sayd Lotterie within the space of the three mo- 
 nethes mencioned in the sayd Chart.* 
 
 And where as also some have moved a scruple and 
 doubt, that forasmuch as no mention is made in the said 
 Chart in case of death of any of the adventurers, before the 
 time of the reading of the sayd Lotterie, that the commo 
 ditie of the prices and other advantages rehearsed in the 
 sayd Chart, that shold happen to the adventurers at the 
 time of the reading of the sayd Lotterie, shall remaine to 
 the heires, executors or assignes, of the sayd adventurers. 
 For the explaning therof, it is to be understanded, and the 
 meaning thereof was always : That every adventurer may 
 make such assignation by testament, deede, or other wyse, 
 of the commoditie that may fall unto him by the good for- 
 tune of the sayde Lotterie, as he may or might otherwise 
 do and dispose of any other goodes. And that such as 
 shall have the sayd assignation, their executors, or as- 
 signes, bringing with them the counterbil being delivered 
 by the collector to the adventurer or adventurers (the 
 
 * An unimportant explanatory clause is here omitted. 
 
198 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 reading of the Lotterie being finished, or else at the tyme 
 appointed in the sayde Chart) shall receive all such prices 
 and advantages as the adventurer himselfe should have, if 
 he were living. 
 
 Finally, if any other scruple, suspition, doubt, fault, or 
 misliking may happen to be found (as every thing for the 
 satisfaction of every person, cannot be so exactly set forth 
 in writing, but some doubtes may chaunce to enter into 
 the conceipts of men, and specially of those that be in- 
 clined to suspitions,) hir Majestie for a full and general 
 satisfaction of all such and all other the adventurers in this 
 Lotterie giveth to understand, that the same, resorting to 
 the Tresurers of the Shires, Cities, or good Townes, shal 
 receive at their hands such resolution and answer, to al 
 and singuler their said doubts, scruples and demaunds, as 
 shalbe to their resonable contentation and satisfaction. 
 God save the Queene. 
 
 Imprinted at London by Henrie Bynneman, dwelling in 
 Knight rider strete, at the signe of the Mermaide. Anno 
 1567, Januarii3. 
 
 (78.) 
 
 Proclamation of the Mayor of London, relative to the Lottery, 
 from an original copy, printed in the black letter, September 
 13, 1567, 
 
 By the Maior of London. 
 Whereas a very rich Lotterie generall hath now lately 
 bene erected by the order of our most dread Soveraigne 
 Lady, the Queenes most excellent Majestie, and by hir 
 highnesse commaundement since published within this hir 
 highnesse Citie of London, the xxiij daye of August, in 
 the ix yeare of hir Majesties most prosperous raigne, to- 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 199 
 
 gether with the prices, articles, and conditions concern- 
 yng the same, as by the Charte of the sayde Lotterie 
 more playnly doth at large appeare. In whiche Charte 
 among other thyngs it is comprised, that hir Majestie and 
 hir sayd Citie of London wil answere to all and singular 
 persons, havyng adventured their money in the sayd Lot- 
 terie, to observe all the articles and conditions conteined 
 in the same from poynt to poynt inviolably. 
 
 Nowe to avoyde certaine doubtes since the publication 
 of the sayde Lotterie, secretely moved concernyng the 
 aunswering thereof, wherein though the wiser sort may 
 finde cause to satisfle themselves therin, yet to the satis- 
 faction of the simpler sorte, the Lorde Maior of the sayde 
 Citie, and his brethren the Aldermen of the sayd Citie, 
 by the assent of the Common Councell of the same, doe 
 signifie and declare to all people by this proclamation, 
 that, according to the articles of hir Majesties order con- 
 teined in the sayde charte so published, every person 
 shalbe duly aunswered accordyng to the tenour of hir 
 highnesse sayde proclamation. 
 
 And it is newly ordered for the advauntage of the 
 adventurers, that the daye of the readyng of the sayde 
 Lotterie shall not be deferred after the xxv daye of June 
 mencioned in the sayde charte without very greate and 
 urgent cause ; and yet the same, at the furthest, shall not 
 be deferred past the feast of the Purification of Saincte 
 Marie the Virgin which shall be next folowyng, in the 
 yeare of oure Lorde God MDLXVIII. after the computa- 
 tion of the Church of Englande. 
 
 And that from the day of the sayd prorogation untill 
 the very day of the reading, the parties havyng put in 
 their money to the sayde Lotterie, shall be allowed for 
 the forbearyng thereof, after the rate of twelve in the 
 hundred, &c. 
 
200 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 Proclaimed in London the xiij day of September, in 
 the forsayd ix yeare of hir Majesties raigne. 
 God save the Queene. 
 
 Imprinted at London, by Henrie Bynneman, dwelling 
 in Paternoster Rowe, at the signe of the Marmayde, anno 
 1567, Septembris 13. 
 
 (79.) 
 
 The Earl of Leicester and Sir William Cecill, afterwards Lord 
 Burleigh (as Lords of the Council) to the Justices of Peace, 
 Treasurers, Collectors of the Lottery, Sheriffs, &c. of the 
 Counties of Kent, Sussex, Surrey, Hants, &c. apprising tljem 
 of the appointment of a Surveyor of the Lottery, and en- 
 joining them to be aiding to their power to promote the 
 filling up of the lots. 
 
 After our hartie comers dations, wheras yt hathe 
 pleased the Quenes Ma'tie to cawse a very riche 
 and generall lottery to be erected and set forthe, 
 to be redde and published w'in her Citie of Lon- 
 don, at tymes p'fixed in the same, and for the fur- 
 therance therof hathe apointed sondry officers, 
 and, asitshuld seame, eyther of their negligens or 
 by some sinester disswasions of some not well 
 disposed persons, ther doth want a great nombre 
 of the said lotts not yet present to pforme the same, 
 contrary to her highnes expectac'on ; ffor w'ch 
 causes it hath also pleased her Ma'tie to apointe 
 her loving subject John Johnson, gent, bothe to 
 understande in whome the former defaulte and 
 lacke have bene, and the cawses therof, and so to 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 201 
 
 take thacco'pts of the Treasurers, Coll'res, and 
 doers therof, and also to take further ordre for the 
 speedier collection of the same, according unto 
 certeyne instructions assigned for the better ser- 
 vice therin to be done. To whome we requier 
 you and every of you to be ayding, helping, coun- 
 ciling, and assisting, to the uttermost of yo r power, 
 for thaccomplishement therof, as you tender her 
 highnes favor, and will aunswere to the contrary. 
 So fare you well, at the Courte the xii th daie of 
 
 July a° 1568. 
 
 Yo r loving ffrends, 
 
 3 R. Leycester. 
 
 W. Cecill. 
 
 To all and every the Quene's Ma't's 
 Justices of the Peace, Trea- 
 surers, and Collectors of the 
 Lottery, and to all Mayors, She- 
 riffs, Bayliefes, Constables, and 
 to all others her highnes officers, 
 ministers, and subjects, spirituall 
 and temporall, as well w^n cor- 
 porations, lib'ties, and fraun- 
 chises, as w^ut, in the Counties 
 of Kent, Sussex, Surry, Southe- 
 hampton, and the Isle of Wight, 
 and to every of them. 
 
202 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 (80.) 
 
 John Johnson, Gentleman, Surveyor for the Queen's Majesty's 
 Lottery, addresses William More, Esquire, of Loseley, as 
 Treasurer of the County of Surrey, communicates to him the 
 way which is devised for « animating or moving the people " 
 to adventure in the Lottery. A curious specimen of instruc- 
 tions for Lottery puffing by royal authority. 
 
 Right wurshipfull, I comend me hartely unto 
 you, thankynge you of all gentlenes, and desiring 
 you I may be commended to Mr. Moore. This 
 is to advertise you that upon the p'clamynge of 
 the daie of the reading of the Lotts, and th'end of 
 the collection, as appereth by two printed procla- 
 mations herein closed, I am apointed to pvise (su- 
 pervise) over agayne those places and shires that 
 before I was apointed to survey, as you know, and 
 now to pcure the people w't' the help of the tresorers 
 and collectors, as moche as may be to laie in ther 
 moneys into the lotts. ffor it is supposed, and it 
 is like, that a great nomber upon thisproclamac'on 
 (before said) wilbe incoraged and moved to adven- 
 ture largely, who before being full of doute and 
 specially of th'end, did drawe backe, and were un- 
 willing, and for no perswation wold adventure any 
 thing in the same, rfor this purpose therfore is 
 now my comyng, and as at my last travailing I 
 beganne with this Shere, and came first to you, the 
 treasorer thereof (and you beganne soche an order 
 as others followed the same, to yo r com'endation, 
 and as you merite thancke and praise for the same) 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 203 
 
 so did I now direct my self, first unto you to take 
 the best waie and meanes for the accomplishme't 
 of this service, according to the Queen's Majesties 
 her Counsell's expectation. But understanding 
 hier (here) at Gyldeford, you were from home and 
 at my Lord Bisshop of Winchester's (to w'ch place 
 I cowld not now directly come, becawse of other 
 daies aponted to be in Hampshire and Sussex) 
 I am so bold now to geve you to understonde 
 what waie is devised for a further collection, and 
 for animating or moving the people, desiring you 
 to put the same in practise so sone as possible you 
 may, that at my returne (w'ch is uncerteyn, but I 
 hope it will be w'thin xv or xvi daies) I may 
 knowe what good effect ther cometh of the same. 
 The devises for the furtherance of this matter ys, 
 that ther be a precept made in the name of the 
 Treasorer of the Shere, the Collector of every de- 
 vision, and of me the Surveyor to the Constables 
 of every hondreth, to bring reporte of the former 
 doings of the principall men of every parishe, and 
 in whome any default is, that this matter hathe 
 not bene so well advanced as it was looked for. 
 The fourme or copie of the precept is herin closed, 
 w'ch it may plese you to alter as it shal seme best 
 to yo r wisdome, alwaies using my name in sub- 
 scribing or otherwise at your pleasure. This ac- 
 complished, I trust ther will good followe therof, 
 ffor if the Constables do their dewties in making 
 trew certificats, you shall understand wher defaults 
 
204 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 be, for w'ch you may afterward provide as you 
 shall thincke good, and also gevegood admonition 
 to soche as shalbe co'tented to come unto you, 
 accordinge to the words of the precept, that ther 
 shall not one parishe escape, but they shall bring 
 in some money into the Lottes. For I know, and 
 they come before you, you will incorage them 
 therunto, ffor you knowe both how to perswade 
 them that it is for ther owne profitts, and for the 
 com'on weale also. 
 
 I did send upon Mondai to Mr. Moys (one of 
 the Collectors) that he shall have mette me here or 
 at yo r howse this daie, but he answered me that 
 his books were at London, and that he had busynes 
 he could not come. But I have written to hym 
 agayne from Kingston, that he must needs come 
 unto you to receve instructions of you how to ex- 
 ecute these orders that is now apointed to be ob- 
 served after the proclamations. I hope therfore 
 he will come unto you ; yf he do not come shortely 
 then I praie you write unto hym, and send hym 
 precepts subscribed w* bothe our names, that he 
 may also sygne them and cawse them spedely to 
 be delivered to the Constables to execute that 
 they be com'anded. I perseve Mr. Moys hath 
 bene slacker then others. Therfore he had nede 
 to be stired the more by writing or otherwise, ffor 
 he will make a wise collection if he be in one 
 place, and his books in a nother. At Kingston I 
 sawe Mr. Eveelen's books, and told hym what or- 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 205 
 
 der was apointed ; he signified that it wold please 
 you to send hym precepts to the Constables of 
 Kingeston and Elmebridge, Copthourne and Ef- 
 fingham, and he wold subscribe unto them, and 
 procure them to be executed effectually. 
 
 And hier at Gildeford I have done the like w* 
 Mr. Hamon, and at y r comyng home he will do 
 that shall apperteyne. Also to hym I delivered 
 two of the p'clamations, that one might be 
 p'claymed the next m'ket daie. I praie you be a 
 meanes that the same be not forgotten, ffurther, 
 I praie you geve in comandement to every Coll're 
 (Collector) that every daie betwene this and the 
 xxth September next, they do in every m'ket 
 towne w^in their circuyts set desently at a table 
 in some convenient place openly in or near to the 
 place wher the m'ket is kept, and to have before 
 them open their books of nombres, the printed 
 chart and the pclamation. This being done, the 
 people shall be prov'ked to laie in ther moneys 
 when the Coll're (Collector) in this order shalbe in 
 their eys, whil as otherwise the people will not 
 seke them at their howses, being com'only owt of 
 the waie, and uncerteyn to fynde them. I told 
 Mr. Evelyn of this, and he saithe he will do it ; as 
 for Mr. Moys, what he will do 1 knowe not, but 
 this must be done, and therfore if he will not, 
 apoint some other, yea, and I think if ther wer a 
 nother Coll're made besyds for that parte it were 
 good, ffor ther cannot be to many ColPres, and Mr. 
 
206 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 Moys hath in his devision two m'ket townes,I feere 
 he wil not kepe them bothe wele. 
 
 Ther is at this tyme xx surveyors sent abrode 
 the Realme, because of the shortenes of tyme. 
 They begynne where we left last tyme, for ther 
 hath bene in few places assemble of the people 
 before the Justices, but ther and wher I have ben 5 
 for which cause the Counsell writes l'res reproving 
 them that have bene slacke. You nor we made 
 not that blame. But now we have to provide for 
 further furtherans, and though we have half done, 
 I hope we will do as moche as they that do but 
 begynne. I go from hens to Mr. Walops, and 
 apon Saterday, God willing, I must be at Mr. 
 Palmers by apointm*. Ther the Flemyng (whom 
 you knowe) shal have mete me at y r howse; if he 
 come after, I praie you tell him wher I am 
 become. 
 
 Thus troubling yo r worship, now I rest and 
 take my leave of you, com'ytting you to the Lord's 
 keping. Hastely this Wensdaie x of July 1568 at 
 Gildford, but yet apointed to ryde to y r house to 
 leave this l're ther. 
 
 Yours most hartely asseured to comand, 
 
 John Johnson, Surveyor for the 
 
 Q. M. (Queen's Majesty's) 
 
 Lottery. 
 
 To the right worshipful Mr. 
 WilFm More, Esquire, geve these. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 207 
 
 (81.) 
 
 * " Prises drawen in the Lottery, from the xvi to the xxvi 
 day of February." 
 
 Extracts from a book thus intituled, consisting of nine- 
 teen leaves, each leaf containing on its upper side four co- 
 lumns, printed in the black letter, enumerating the different 
 devises or posies,* the names of the persons, &c. whose 
 ventures they represented, the numbers of the lots, and 
 the amount of the prizes, which, it will be observed from 
 the annexed specimens, was for the greater part very in- 
 significant. This list we consider to have belonged to 
 the Lottery of 1567, drawn 1568-9. See p. J 86. 
 
 As salt by kind gives things their savour, 
 So hap doth hit where fate doth favour. 
 Per John Harding of London, Salter, 4,535, — js. Gd. 
 
 Thinke and thanke God. M. (Master) Roger Martin, 
 Lorde Maior of the Citie of London, for Mercers' Com- 
 panie, 319,340, — Is. 3d. 
 
 If Fortune be froward my Angell is gone, 
 But if Fortune be frendly with encrease it cometh home. 
 Alice Crewe, London, 268,233, — Is. 3d. 
 
 First learne, then discerne. Jo. Fitz, Tavestock,f 
 309,751,— Is. 2d. 
 
 * The word devise is from the French, signifying motto. 
 Posy in its strict sense implies a versicle ; thus Hamlet, says of 
 the lines recited by the players : 
 
 " Is this a prologue or the posy of a ring ? " 
 
 f This was the identical Sir John Fitz, whose remarkable fate 
 has furnished the ground-work of Mrs. Bray's beautiful Devon- 
 shire tale, Fitz of Fitzford. Particulars of his life will be found 
 in «* Prince's Worthies of Devon," and in the Author's <f No- 
 tices of Tavistock and its Abbey," Gent. Mag. for 1830, vol. 
 c. part i. p. 491. 
 
208 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 Cast the grapple over the bote, 
 
 If God wil, for the great lot. 
 By me, Nich. Martin, free of the Companie of Merchauntes 
 ofExon, 18,236,-5^. 
 
 I woulde be contente with a hundred pounde, 
 
 In my purse it would give a sound. 
 Per Thomas Chamberlayne, Horsted Teynes, Sussex > 
 1,129,— Is. 2d. 
 
 The spred eagle spred, 
 Hopeth for a good lot to be red. 
 A. and C. Hilliard, Lon. 372,949,— Is. 2d. 
 
 Video et taceo. 392,856,— Is. Sd. 
 
 My pose (posy) is small, 
 But a good lot may fall. 
 Per John Burnell, Whitston, 81,763,-15. Sd. 
 
 Louth linct in love, 
 Lucky be thy lot. 
 Per Richard Holdernes, of Louth, 31,178, — Is. Sd. 
 
 What is a tree of cherries worth to foure in a com- 
 pany.* Per Tho. Laurence, Lond. 123,487, — Is. 2d. 
 
 Blowe up, thou trumpette, and sound for me, 
 For good lucke comes here do I see. 
 
 Peter Stob, of St. Peter's Cheape, in London, 25,086, — 
 
 Is. 2d. 
 
 We put in one lott, poor maydens we be ten : [Amen. 
 
 We pray God send us a good lotte, that all we may say 
 
 Per Dorothie Hawes, of Cheapside, 44,963, — Is. 2d. 
 
 In good hope, poor East Greenwiche, God send us to re- 
 And of some good lotte to have the gaine. [maine, 
 
 Per parish of East Greenwich, 333,390, — Is. 2d. 
 
 If a very rich prise arise should to our lot, 
 Al that would be employed on our decayed port. 
 Tho. Spikernell, of Maulden, in Essex, 331,597, — 2s. Id. 
 
 * This devise is of frequent recurrence : it was probably a 
 proverbial expression. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 209 
 
 We be all minstrels, and faine would speede, 
 Good God, in this lot do thou the deede. 
 Per Rich. Froth, London, — Is. 2d. 
 
 Be meeke in spirite. Per the Parish of Southfleete, 
 Kent, 333,353,— 2s. id. 
 
 Spes mea Deus. Joh. Brome, Comissar. de Burie, 
 Suff. 314,344,— Is. Sd. 
 
 I have put in x shillings, God be my speede, 
 And he wil be my helpe at time of neede. 
 98,953,— 2s. Id. 
 
 God blesse the white Toure of London. Thomas 
 Riggs, London, — 168,765, Is. 2d. 
 
 Fain would I have, 
 
 Though nothing I crave. 
 Per Hierom May, of Plunto (Plympton) Mary, 134,511, 
 — Is. 2d. 
 
 Armouth for a haven is a fit place, 
 And a haven it may be if it please the Queenes grace. 
 Per Willia' Mallocke, of Armouth, 85,573, — 3s. Ad. 
 
 As foulers mindes are fedde with every right redresse, 
 So fouler I, least fortune faile, do seeke for some successe. 
 T. Fouler, Lon. 270,413,— 2s. Id. 
 
 Best hop have the ring. Per Bosham parish, Sussex, 
 236,933,— 5s. \0d. 
 
 O clemens o pia. Acerbo Velutelli de Luca. 238,862, 
 —Is. 2d. 
 
 We Brewers God sende us 
 A good lot to mende us. 
 Per John Bankes, of the parish of St. Gyles,47,699, — Is. Sd. 
 
 Homo sine pecunia est quasi corpus sine anima. 
 Henry Draper^ of Stanwell Midd. 165,163,— Is. 2d. 
 
 God send the Queen e good issue. William Walshe, of 
 Yoghul, 204,673,— Is. 3d. 
 
 Hope helpeth. Tho. Lord Howard, Vicount Byndon, 
 5,927,-— 2s. Id. 
 
 Vienne gain plutost que perte, 
 
 Pour tenir court ouvert. 
 
 Per Thiery de la Court. 361,590, — Is. 2d. 
 
210 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 Like as C doth serve for cocke, 
 So doth it also for Charnock, 
 And if you do not crie cocke, 
 Yet shal I stil remaine Charnock. 
 Lon. 212,196,-— Is. 2d. 
 
 The twelfth great prise. 
 Not covetous. Per Richard Frennis, of Borughton, 
 69,158—16/. 135. Sd. 
 
 Aut mihi aut nulli. Per Henricum Dominum Scroope, 
 Carlile, 205,854,— 1 s. 3 d. 
 
 Good fortune to all those 
 That be workers of clothes. 
 Per the company of Clothworkers, London, 44,235, 2s. Id. 
 
 To the Duchie of Lancaster, w l out Temple Barre, 
 If God give the lott he shall not greatly erre. 
 Per the Parish of Savoy, 56,922, — 2 s. Id. 
 
 God send a good lot for my children and me, 
 Which have had twenty by one wife truly. 
 Per William Dorghtie de Westhalme, 195,315,-25. 3d. 
 
 In God I hope, and a f — t for the Pope. 
 Per William Seintleger, of Canterbury, 230,364,— Is. 3c?, 
 
 He hath put downe the mightie from their seate, 
 And hath exalted the humble and meeke. 
 Lewis Richard, senior, 210,558, — ll. 10s. 
 
 As God wil so be it. The office of the Greene Cloth, 
 Westm. 1,839,— Is. 2d. 
 
 The chancell is in decay. Per Andrew Wotten, of 
 Gyke Blicklande, 201,882,— Is. 2d. 
 
 I am a pore maiden and faine would marry, 
 And the lacke of goods is the cause that I tarry. 
 Per Sibbel Cleyon, 51,832,— 2s. Id. 
 
 Seeing shillings ten shall thousands win, 
 Why should I feare to put them in. 
 Per Annam Waldegrave, Buris, 343,775, — 2s. Id. 
 
 Wisdome liketh not chaunce. Per Thorn. Wrothe, 
 militem, Enfeld, 10,708,— Is. Sd. 
 
 Et mihi et multis. Robert Shute, reader of Grayes 
 Inne, 94,842,— Is. 2d. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 2] I 
 
 The leaves be greene, 
 
 God save the Queene. 
 Per Yalley, 210,672,— Is. 2d. 
 
 Canterbury is in decay, 
 
 God helpe may. 
 230,084,— Is. 2d. 
 
 My sisters and I are under age, 
 God sende us good chaunce to our mariage. 
 By John Robinson, of Kellam, Gent. 262,562, — Is. Sd. 
 
 Give the best prise, I pray thee, good fortune, 
 Unto the Queene's Majesties towne of Launston. 
 By Thomas Hickes, Dunhende, Burges, 152,100 — Is. Sd. 
 
 The olive tree on hill that growes, 
 To have a share his name here showes. 
 P. Oliverum Hill, Madburie, 134,379,— Is. Sd. 
 
 Of many people it hath ben said, 
 
 That Tenterden steeple Sandwich haven hath decayed.* 
 Per Ed. Hales, Tenterden, Kent, 40,884,— Is. 2d. 
 
 If hawke do sore and partridge springs, 
 Then shal wee see what lucke he brings, 
 But if he sore and partridge flit, 
 Then hawke shall lose and partridge hit. 
 
 Per Aphabell Partridge, of London, goldsmith, 46,081, 
 
 —Is. Sd. 
 
 God gaff God nam den naem des heren sighe benedet 
 Robert Lecman ende Floris alle win. Per Comp. Crock- 
 wint laen, London, 363,580,— 4s. 2d. 
 
 God make all sure for the Armorers. Per Thomas 
 Tindal, London, 182,833,— Is. 2d. 
 
 * The monks of Canterbury are traditionally said to have 
 neglected the repairs of Sandwich Haven, in order to erect the 
 steeple of Tenterden, on the borders of Romney Marsh, in 
 Kent ; a story not improbable, but which has given rise to one 
 much more wild and easily refuted, namely, that the building 
 of the said steeple, occasioned, by neglect of the sea banks, the 
 inundation which formed the Goodwin Sands. 
 
 p2 
 
212 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 Nupida nobis impados tyrogansoma turgyso totnos * 
 Thos. Colby, Gray's Inne, 49,027, — 7 s. 6d. 
 
 I loked for no more.f William More, Lowsley, Sur- 
 rey, 276,013,— Is. 3d. 
 
 Although I can not wel see, 
 Yet will I venture in the Lottery. 
 Per Sir Thorn. Woodhouse, of Warham, 109,508,-25. Id. 
 
 Fortune amy. Sir Thomas Gresham, Knight,! 345,47 J , 
 —Is. 2d. 
 
 Priestes love pretie wenches. Per Rich. Enecke, Sib- 
 forde, 13,569,— Is. 2d. 
 
 Veritas vincet. Jo. Tusser, of Truro, for the Clergie 
 
 of Cornwall, 341,694, — Is. 3 d. 
 
 There is good ale 
 At St. James Chignele. 
 Per John Bowsey, yoman, 102,953, — Is. 2d. 
 
 The Queenes Majestie God her preserve, 
 
 Whose pay my father hath to serve. 
 Th. Stafford, sonne to the Constable of Dongaruan, 
 206,768,— 2s. Id. 
 
 I pray God we may all amend. Jo. Rashleagh, of 
 Fowey, 197,277, — Is. 3d. 
 
 Saw trey, by the way, 
 
 Now a grange, that was an abbay. 
 Geo. Banks, Gent, of Sawtrey, in the Coun. of Kent. 
 106,806,— Is. 2d. 
 
 All is well that endeth well. Per Thomas Lawley, de 
 Chaddesley Marches, Wales, 232,859, — Is. 3d. 
 
 Let the arow flie. 
 Per Richard Fuller, of Wight, 32,923— Is. 3a 7 . 
 
 As God made hands before knives, 
 So God send a good lot to the cutler's wives. 
 284,721,— 3s. 4d. 
 
 * A specimen of lottery language, which might be useful to 
 those who pretend to the gift of the tongues. 
 
 t More of Loseley adopts a most judicious and appropriate 
 posy. 
 
 X The munificent patron of commerce and of letters. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 213 
 
 I was begotten in Calice and born in Kent, 
 God sende me a good lot to pay my rent. 
 
 Per Edward Tibbot, Sison, Grombalds Ashe, 300,725, — 
 
 Is. 2d. 
 
 God save the bul of Westmerland. Robert Reerson, 
 Vicare of Sokborne, 146,943,— 5s. lOd. 
 
 Fortuna an sorte nee euro forsan an forte. The Offices 
 of the Kitchen, and Members of the same, Westm. 
 258,155,— 5s. lOd. 
 
 Out of this rich Lottery, God send advancement to 
 Bexly. Per Parochianos de Bexly, in com. Kane. 360,080, 
 — Is. Sd. 
 
 As God hath preserved me, so I trust he wil reward 
 me. Frauncis Corbie, Seneschal of the Queenes Countie 
 of Ireland, 347,714,-25. Id. 
 
 For the hamlet of Radclife. 
 Mariner, hoist up thy saile, 
 If God sende us a good lot it may us prevaile. 
 Per Radclife, 51,981,-2/. 0s. lOd. 
 
 Heave after, poor Heaver, for the great Lot. Per the 
 parish of Heaver, Kent, 159,467, — Is. Sd. 
 
 Arthur Kempe, my father's eldest sonne, 
 God send me a lot though I come after none. 
 91,223,— Is. Sd. 
 
 Topsham is buylded upon a red rydge, [bridge. 
 
 I pray God sende a good lot to maintayne the kay and 
 
 Per John Michell, Topsham, 354,651, — Is. 2d. 
 
 Wy twee hadden gherne een goet lot believet Godt. 
 Anthon van Hove and Robert Harison, London, 286,984, 
 —5s. lOd. 
 
 The head of a snake with garlick, is good meate. Per 
 Thomas Watson, Cirencest'r, — 2s. Id. 
 
 Hope made me venture. Per Henry Armiger, Bakons- 
 thorpe, 260,076,— 5s. 
 
 I hope to hear the trumpet* sound, 
 A lot worth to me a thousand pound. 
 Edward Denis, Esquire, of Shewbroke, 185,370, — Is. 2d. 
 
 * From this and similar allusions, we conclude that the greater 
 lots were announced on being drawn with a nourish of 
 trumpets. 
 
214 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 Draw Brighthemston a good lot, 
 Or else return them a turbot. 
 Per John Turpin, Sussex, 334,060, — Is. 3d. 
 
 One and thirty lots ; God sende us a fayre day, 
 For the maintenaunce of the long bridge, 
 And finishyng of the kaye. 
 Per John Darte, of Barnes 1 . (Barnstaple), 186,625, — 5s. 
 
 For the Haberdashers. 
 
 Our sum put in, 
 Is in hope to win. 
 Per C. and H. of Lon. 119,958,— 3s. 4d. 
 
 Paule planteth, Apollo watereth, God giveth the increase. 
 Will. Bedle, de Evesham, 315,301,— Is. 2c?. 
 
 We Cookes of London, which worke early and late, 
 If any thing be left God send us part. 
 Per Rich. Tomson, Lond. 268,094,— Is. 2d 
 
 Jesus est amor meus. P. Neh. Hornesey, de Frossend, 
 228,954,— Is. 3d. 
 
 How so ever Saint Katherins whele shall be running, 
 The inhabitauntes therof wil come home laughing. 
 William Iden, S. Katherin's, 114,878, — Is. 3d 
 
 William Wood. A poore Wood I have been long, and 
 yet am like to be, but if God of his grace send me the 
 great lot, a rich Wood shal I be. Per London, 310,669, 
 —Is. 3d. 
 
 Gibers, Cole, and Florida 
 Have brought me unto great decay ■ 
 I pray to God, of his mercy and grace, 
 That this may take better place. 
 Thomas Parkins, London, 115,335, — Is. 3c?. 
 
 For the town of Cambridge, in this open place, 
 God save the Queene and the Duke of Norfolkes grace. 
 Per Robert Sly, Maior of Cambridge, 105,470,— Is. 3d. 
 
 Deus dat cui vult. Derrike Anthony, London, 115,063, 
 —2s. Id. 
 
 God give us good fortune. By the Maior and Bur- 
 gesses of Reading, 287,143, — 5s. lOd. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 215 
 
 Allarde Bartering — 
 
 A maid and I am of advise 
 
 To marry, if we get the great price. 
 
 50,547,-35. 4c?. 
 
 We are poore butchers and come very lagg, 
 And, if we have none of your lottes, 
 We shall be fayne to take the bottell and the bagge. 
 John Lawne, of London, 211,602, — Is. 3d. 
 
 From Hastings we come, 
 
 God send us good speed ; 
 Never a poor fisher town in England, 
 
 Of y e great lot hath more need. 
 Per Hastings, Richard Life, 202,211, — Is. 26?. 
 
 What chaunce to me befal 
 
 I am content withal. 
 Sir George Speake, of Whitlackington, in Somersetshire, 
 knight, 193,066,— 5s. lOd. 
 
 Privy Seals or Benevolences. 
 
 This unpopular and unconstitutional mode of raising 
 money from the subject, without the authority of Parlia- 
 ment, was invented by Edward IV. His example appears 
 to have been imitated occasionally by Henry VII. Henry 
 VIII. Mary, Elizabeth, James, and Charles I. Hall very 
 circumstantially relates, in the quaint language of his 
 time, the origin of this mode of subsidy, and of the name 
 which it acquired. The King, preparing for a war with 
 France, " conceived/' says the Chronicler, " a new device 
 in his imagination, by the which engine he might covertly 
 persuade and entice his rich friends to give and grant him 
 some convenient sum of money towards his inestimable 
 charges and incredible costs ; which thing if they did not 
 willingly assent to, he then would impute the greater in- 
 
216 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 gratitude or the more unkindness : whereupon he caused 
 his officers to bring to him the most rich persons one after 
 another, and to them he explained the cause, the purpose, 
 and the necessity of the war begun, &c. King Edward 
 had called before him a widow, much abounding in sub- 
 stance, and no less grown in years, of whom he merely 
 demanded what she gladly would give him towards such 
 great charges ? e By my troth/ quoth she, e for thy lovely 
 countenance thou shalt have even 20/.' The king looking 
 scarce for half the sum, thanked her, and lovingly kist 
 her. Whether the smell of his breath did so comfort her 
 stomach, or she esteemed the kiss of a king so precious a 
 jewel, she swore incontinently that he should have 20/. 
 more. The king, willing to shew that this benefit was to 
 him much acceptable, and not worthy to be put in obli- 
 vion, called this grant of money a benevolence. Notwith- 
 standing that many with grudge and malevolence gave 
 great sums towards that new-found Benevolence. But 
 using such gentle fashions towards them, with friendly 
 prayer of their assistance in his necessity, so tempted 
 them, that they could none otherwise do than frankly and 
 frely yelde and geve hym a reasonable reward." * King 
 James I. had frequent recourse to this method of raising 
 money, to the great dissatisfaction of many of his subjects. 
 Some illustration of the mode of levying these contribu- 
 tions in the county of Surrey, and of the complaints to 
 which they gave rise, are subjoined. 
 
 * Vide Hall's Chronicle of the History of England, under 
 the 13th of Edward the Fourth. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 217 
 
 (82.) 
 
 A Privy Seal addressed by Queen Mary to William More, of 
 Loselev, levying on him a Loan or Benevolence of ^.20, 
 A. D. 1556. 
 
 By the Queene. 
 
 Trustie and welbelovyd, we grete yo u well, and let yo u 
 wit that, knowinge the fidelitie and faithfull good will yo u 
 bere towards the suretie of o r parson, and defence of yo r 
 contrey, the savegard wherof we doubt not but yo u do so 
 much tender as yo u will not faile to do your possible 
 endevor towards the maintenance and defence of the 
 same. We understanding your habilitie, have appointed 
 to take of youe by waye of lone the some of twentie 
 pounds, to be repaid againe unto yo u between this and the 
 feast of the nativitie of our Lord God, which shalbe in 
 the yere a thowsand fyve hundreth nftie-eight at the 
 furthest. Wherfore our pleasure is yo u shall cause the 
 said som'e of twentie poundes to be furthwith uppon 
 receipt herdf delyvered unto o r trustie and welbeloved 
 John Skynner, esquier, to our use, whom we have ap- 
 pointed to receive the same at yo r hands. And this our 
 l'res of Pryvie Seale, subscribyd by the said John Skynner, 
 confessinge the receipt of the said some to our use, shalbe 
 suffycyent to bynd us and our heyres to repay and answer 
 the said some, unto yo u or your assignes, at the day before 
 appointed. And bycause we make our full accoumpt of 
 the receipt of so much money at yo r hands, we require yo u 
 in no wise to faile us herein. Geven under our Pryvey 
 Seal at o r manno r of St. James, the xvii th daie of Septem- 
 ber, the fourthe and fifthe yeare of o r raine. 
 
218 
 
 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 Rec' of Will'm Moore, by way of loane to the Quenys 
 Mat s use, the sayd some of xx 11 . 
 
 P.' me Joh'em Skynner. 
 To our trustie and welbeloved 
 William More. 
 
 (83.) 
 
 A Privy Seal addressed by King James the First to Sir Fran- 
 cis Carew, of Beddington, for a Benevolence of fifty 
 pounds. The confession which it contains that former loans 
 similarly levied had not been punctually repaid, will be ob- 
 served by the reader. 
 
 By the King. 
 Trustie and welbeloved, wee greete you well. Although 
 there be nothing more against our mind then to be drawne 
 into any course that may breed in our subjects the least 
 doubt of our unwillingnes to throw any burthens upon 
 them, having already published, both by our speeches and 
 writings, our great desire to avoide it in the whole course 
 of our government. Yet such is our estate at this time, in 
 regarde of great and urgent occasions falne and growing 
 dayly upon us (in no sort to be eschewed), as we shall be 
 forced presently to disburse greater summes of money 
 then it is possible for us to provide by any ordinary 
 meanes, or to want without great prejudice. In which 
 consideration, seeing no man of any indifferent judgement 
 or understanding, can either plead ignorance how much 
 we found the Crowne exhausted by the accidents of for- 
 reine warres and inward rebellions, or on the other side 
 doth not observe the visible causes of our dayly expence 
 ever since wee came into this Kingdome, wee thinke it 
 needlesse to use any more arguments from such a Kinge 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 219 
 
 to such subjects, but may further adde one thing, which 
 is no lesse notorious to the Realme, that, since we came 
 to this estate, no one meanes or other of extraordinarie 
 helpe hath beene affourded, notwithstanding more extra- 
 ordinarie occasions of large expence, one falling on the 
 necke of another, without time or respiration, than ever 
 lighted upon any King of this Realm. A matter whereof 
 we make not mention as proceedinge from the coldnesse 
 of our people's affections, of whose service and fidelitie in 
 the highest pointes wee have had so cleere proofe, but 
 rather as a circumstance the better warranting this course, 
 seeing the ordinarie fourme of subsidies offered to Princes 
 in Parliament, caried with it now that inconvenience of 
 burthening the poorer sort of our people, which wee doe 
 endeavour to eschew by all the wayes wee can. You 
 shall therefore understand that in this consideration, and 
 in respect of our opinion of your good mind towards us, 
 howsoever the omission in the former time to repay some 
 loane, in regard of unexpected violent necessities, might 
 make a doubtfulnesse how that promise should be kept, 
 we have perswaded ourselves that you will no way mea- 
 sure our princely resolution by the precedent accidents, 
 nor ever doubt of us when we engage that word, yet never 
 broken to any, which now wee doe hereby give for repay- 
 ment of whatsoever this Privie Seale of ours shall assure 
 you. That which we require therefore is, that within twelve 
 dayes after the receipt hereof, you will cause the summe 
 of fiftie powndes to be delivered to Sir George More, 
 Knight, whom we have appointed to be our collector in 
 our countie of Surrey. The loane whereof we do desire 
 to be untill the foure and twenty day of March which 
 shalbe in the yeere of our Lord God 1605 ; for assurance 
 whereof we have directed these our letters of Privie Seale 
 unto you, which, with the hand of our sayd collector testify- 
 
220 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 ing the receipt of the same summe of fiftie powndes, shall 
 binde us, our heires and successors, for the repaiment 
 thereof, and shall be an immediate warrant to our Exche- 
 quer to pay the same unto you upon the deliverie of this 
 our Privie Seale unto our sayd receipt. 
 
 Given under our Privie Seale at our Palace of West- 
 minster the last day of July in the second yeare of our 
 reigne of England, France, and Ireland, and of Scotland 
 the eight and thirtieth. 
 
 Tho. Kemys. 
 
 To o r trusty and welbeloved 
 S r Frauncis Carewe, Knight. 
 
 (84.) 
 
 Robert Livesey, of Tooting, Sheriff of Surrey, complains to Sir 
 George More of his extreme impoverishment, by Privy Seals 
 and a severe sentence in the Star Chamber. 
 
 S r , 
 I firste yeiJde yo u manie thanks for yo r curtesie 
 and kyndenes in gratefieng the Justices of Assice 
 
 w 
 
 th 
 
 venison, which I had done longe synce, but 
 that yo u were so soone dep r ted from thassices. 
 
 The previe seale menc'oned in yo r l'res, recevyd 
 by the bearer herof, being for no Jesse than ^JOO, 
 as that was in the 39th yereofo r late sovereign 
 ladie Queene Elizabeth, paidtoyo r bandes, I have 
 likewise receyved, I then made humble request to 
 the lorde admyrall to have been eased of ^£50 
 therof, but his Lordshipp sayde precisely that I 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 221 
 
 shulde lende yf all, at w'ch tyme theare were 29 
 Justices of the Peace that had no previe seales. If 
 I might be repaide I wolde moste willingly lend it 
 to the kynges ma* 16 , for otherwise I am utterly un- 
 liable to lend upon his highnes previe seale nowe 
 sente me. 
 
 The severe sentence given agaynste me in the 
 Starre Chamber hathe urged me to borrow upon 
 interest ^1000 to pay to a man unto whom I never 
 did owe one grote, nether had I anie of his 
 goodes, nor nevar was previe to the Shirife's doings 
 of Nottinghamshire, and others heare agaynst 
 hym, and what proves so evar their honors had 
 agaynst me, to induce them to bring me w'thin 
 the compasse of conspiracie, are utterly untrewe. 
 There is ^£500 more unpaide, w'ch they lye in 
 wayte untill I be oute of the Shirrewicke (Sheriff- 
 wick) to have of me. This is the disgrace I recey ve 
 for my 34 yeres service in the comission of the 
 peace : besides my utter ympoverishment, I am in 
 debte ^5000. I bowght a maner of S r Robert 
 Markeham, w ch coste me ,§£6000 in money, and 
 an other maner, wherof I still owe to citizins of 
 London ^£3500 ; my credit hathe bene moche 
 more than myne owne substance, and gladly wold 
 I sell this maner if I coulde to see my dettes dis- 
 charged. I have bene sicke and diseased this half 
 yere, and ympottent bothe of legges, ffeite, and 
 hands, w ch I thinke I shall never recover. Theare 
 
222 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 have bene no Shirifes chosen oute of Suit' synce 
 I had it, but Mr. Gardyner and yo r selfe, and S r 
 Edmonde Boweyar, and notwithstanding theare 
 are in Surrey a score and mo' men of farr greater 
 lands then I am, that never had yt, yet it is layde 
 upon me againe, being aged and ympotent. I do 
 not receyve above jg%50 rent, the rest of my sub- 
 stance is 2000 shepe, w ch may be worth so manie 
 ryalls, and they are estemed at I thinke to yeilde 
 me above ^g2000 a yere in profitts. I have bene 
 charged yerely manye yeares w th ^30, by pvi- 
 cions taken of me ; but my greatest greif is that 
 my lordes do so moche mystake me bothe in con- 
 dicons and in liveing. What charges soever may 
 herafter come agaynst me, my feble body must 
 endure ymprisonment, w'ch is like in shorte tyme 
 to depreve me of my life. God for his son Christes 
 sake after this lief graunte me lief everlasting 
 unto whose heavenly tuicion I comend yo u , this 
 laste of August 1604. 
 
 Yo r unfortunate ffrend, 
 
 Rob't Lyvesey. 
 To the right wo r shippful my espe- 
 
 ciale goode frreind S r George 
 
 More, knight. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 223 
 
 (85.) 
 
 Receipt for 1126/. 11*. contributed by way of loan, by the 
 Knights, Gentlemen of Surrey, &c. for the use of Frederick 
 Elector Palatine and King of Bohemia, and of his Queen 
 Elizabeth, daughter of James I. The marriage of this Prince 
 with our English Princess, in 1613, had cost the King, or 
 rather the Nation, 100,000/. The Elector's acceptance of 
 the Bohemian crown, in 1619, afforded a pretext* in the 
 following year for a Benevolence to support him against the 
 powers who opposed his elevation. 
 
 18: 8 brf s (Octobris) 1620. 
 Wee underwritten, the Ambassador extraordinary, and 
 the Agent for the King of Bohemia, do acknowledge to 
 have receaved from the hands of S r George Moore, S r 
 Edmund Bowyer, Sir Nicholas Carew, Sir Francis Sti- 
 dolph, S r Thomas Gresham, and S r George Stoughton, 
 Knights, and Francis Drake and John Howard, Esq rs . 
 the summe of eleven hundreth twenty sixe pounds eleven 
 shillings sterling, being monyes contributed by way of 
 loane by the Knights, Gentlemen, and others of that 
 County of Surrey, to and for the use of the King and 
 Queene of Bohemia. Witness o r hands, the daie and 
 yeare above written. [1126 u 11 s 4 d ]. 
 
 Abra' Williams. 
 Since that receipt aforesayd I have receaved from S r 
 George More, Knight, ye som'e of forty pounds for the 
 service above mentioned. Witness my hand, 
 
 Abra' Williams. 
 
 * Vide Tindal's Rapin, vol. ii. p, 201. 
 
224 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 (86.) 
 
 Policy of Elizabeth in maintaining the principles of the 
 Reformation ; the Ecclesiastical Commission, Popish Re- 
 cusants, Sectaries, fyc. 
 
 Elizabeth, on her accession to the Throne in 1559, 
 found the Realm in a most divided state relative to matters 
 of Religion. Mary had, to the utmost of her power, re- 
 versed all that the pious Edward had effected for the libe- 
 ration of men's consciences from the errors inculcated and 
 maintained by the Church of Rome, and the arbitrary 
 dominion over them which it assumed, as of divine right. 
 Surrounded by the enemies of the Reformed Church on 
 all sides, she found herself constrained for its safety, that 
 of her Government, and even of her own life,* to adopt a 
 
 * The extent of this danger, and the loyalty of the English 
 to their Protestant Queen, may be gathered from a MS. in this 
 collection, intituled, " The Declaration of an Association 
 entered into by several persons of Surrey, for the preservation 
 of the life of Queen Elizabeth, which hath been most traitor- 
 ouslie and devilishlie sought, and the same followed most 
 daungerouslie to the perill of her person, if Almighty God, her 
 perpetual defender, had not revealed and withstood the same." 
 The subscribers to the above instrument, in language for which 
 the extent of the danger, and malice of the disaffected, may 
 form the best apology, " vow, in the presence of the eternal 
 and everlasting God, to prosecute such person or persons to 
 the death, with their joint cr particular forces, and to take the 
 uttermost revenge of them, by any means they can devise for 
 their overthrow and extirpation." The paper is signed by the 
 principal gentry and other persons of the county of Surrey ; 
 about 180 names in all. We have been informed by the De- 
 puty Keeper of the State Papers, Robert Lemon, Esq. F.S.A. 
 (a gentleman so well read in historical MSS.) that a similar de- 
 claration is extant in the archives of that department, signed 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 225 
 
 vigorous policy, and to restrain with severity, whether 
 Romanists or Puritans, the enemies of the newly esta- 
 blished Church * The Romanists were ready to embrace 
 any opportunity which might offer, to restore the secular 
 power of their Pontiff within the Realm of England ; the 
 
 by the whole of the Privy Council. Another, to the same 
 effect, is printed in the Harleian Miscellany, to which is 
 assigned the date 1585. 
 
 * We have found among the MSS. the following paper ; is 
 it to be wondered at, that the religion which could sanction 
 such barbarities should, on its losing its secular power in this 
 kingdom, subject the loyalty of its votaries to suspicion, their 
 persons and propert} 7 to some legislative severities ? We say 
 this without wishing to justify, in all instances, a retaliation ; 
 which bore, howfever, no proportion to the cruelties from which 
 it had its rise. 
 
 " The names of the Shyrefes of Surrye and Sussex that dyd 
 burne the Inosents, wtb the names of such whom they brent. 
 
 " Imp'imis, the second yere^of the reygne of Quene Marye, 
 Mr. John Coveart, being Shyref, dyd burne Dyreke Harman, 
 John Sander, Thomas Everson, and Richard Hooke. 
 
 "Item, (the thyrd yere,) Mr. WylFm Sanders, being Shyref, 
 dyd borne Thomas Harland, John Osward, Thomas a Rede, 
 Thomas Havington, Thomas Hoode, mynyster, John A' My 11, 
 Thomas Donget, John Foxeman, Mother Tree, John Hart, 
 Thomas Randalle, Nycoles Holden, wt a Show maker [shoe- 
 maker], and a Coryer [Currier], 
 
 "It'm, (thefowarth yere,) Sr Edward Gage, (being Shyref,) 
 dyd borne Stevene Grotwyke, Wyllym Morant, Thomas King, 
 Richard Wodman, George Stevens, Margret Mores, James 
 Mores, Dyenes Burges, Wylyam Maynard, Alexander Hos- 
 mar, servant, Thomas Ashedowne's wyf, and Grove's wyf." 
 
 Thus about thirty persons, in the county of Surrey only 
 were consigned for imputed heresy to the stake. 
 
 a 
 
226 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 Puritans denounced the reformed religion as a remnant of 
 the old corrupt system which had been so lately, but, as 
 they asserted, imperfectly subverted. Illustrations of the 
 above line of policy on the part of the Queen, are evident 
 in various documents preserved at Loseley. The first is 
 a transcript of the " Grand Commission Ecclesiastical for 
 the whole Realm." Among the Commissioners named 
 are the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Bishops of London, 
 Winchester, Ely, Worcester, St. David's, Norwich, Chi- 
 chester, Rochester, the Bishop Suffragan of Dover, Tho- 
 mas Smyth, Francis Walsingham, Thomas Godwin, Alex- 
 ander Nowell, John Whitgift, Thomas Bromley, &c. The 
 instrument was published under the Great Seal, and 
 tested by the Queen at Gorhambury on the 23d of April, 
 in the 18th year of her reign (A. D. 1576). It first recites 
 what are termed "the four Statutes," 1st. "The Acte for 
 restoryng to the Crowne the auncient jurisdycon over the 
 State Ecclesyastycall and Spyreytuale, and abolyshinge of 
 all foreign powere repugnant to the same ;" that constitu- 
 tional principle on which the independence of our mo- 
 narchy, and our real liberties, have by all subsequent expe- 
 rience been found to be based. 2d. The " Acte for the 
 unyformytye of Common Prayer and Service of the 
 Churche, and admynystrac'on of the Sacraments •" by 
 which our most admirable Liturgy was established in 
 its present form. 3d. " An Act for the assurance of 
 the Queenes Majesties royall power over all states and 
 subjects within hyr Domynyons." 4th. " An Acte to 
 reforme certeyn dys orders toching mynysters of the 
 Churche." The Commissioners are empowered to inquire 
 by jury, by witnesses, and " other ways and means," into 
 all infractions of the above Statutes ; into all singular, 
 heritical, erroneous, and offensive opinions, seditious 
 books, contempts, conspiracies, false rumours, slanderous 
 
a 
 
 mi tU tfHtnt 
 
 Wawl <h l ^ y ^ 
 
 yi xy* u, 
 
 your Agxawm. frwt 
 
 y v 
 
 rJ, 1 
 
 tisnctf.gr. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 227 
 
 words, &c. ; into enormities, disturbances, misbehaviours, 
 frays, &c. committed in any church, chapel, or church- 
 yard; to order, correct, reform, and punish any persons 
 wilfully and obstinately absenting themselves from church, 
 and such Divine service as by the Laws and Statutes of 
 the Realm is there appointed to be said. The penalties 
 prescribed for such misdemeanours by the Act of Uni- 
 formity, to be levied by the Churchwardens for the benefit 
 of the poor of their respective parishes ; to punish incests, 
 adulteries, fornications, disorders in marriages, &c. Power 
 is given to the Commissioners to fine and imprison of- 
 fenders; the obstinate to be visited with excommuni- 
 cation, and other ecclesiastical censures ; bond or recog- 
 nizance to be taken for the appearance of offenders ; the 
 oath of supremacy prescribed by the first of the four Sta- 
 tutes recited is to be tendered ; the refusal by any individual 
 to take such oath to be certified to the Court of King's 
 Bench. To all processes, orders, &c. issued by the Com- 
 missioners, or any three of them, a seal is to be affixed, 
 engraved with the rose surmounted by the crown, the 
 letters E. R. on either side the same, and round the 
 circumference this legend, Sigil : Com'issar : Reg : Ma : ad 
 cas' : Eccli'ast. 
 
 Original documents * have been selected to shew how 
 
 * We have taken the liberty to pass over without entire 
 transcription many of these documents ; among them several 
 informations taken by Sir William More respecting sectaries, 
 which shew that, as most human measures, essentially good, are 
 subject to some alloy of evil, so schism and fanaticism began 
 early to assail the English Reformed Church. The most active 
 fanatical sects of the day were, we believe, those styled the 
 Family of Love and the Anabaptists. We have selected, from 
 a string of absurd and ridiculous tenets recorded in the MSS. 
 
 Q 2 
 
228 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 these powers were acted upon ; and in this place it may 
 be observed that no comparison can justly be drawn by 
 those who are disposed to pronounce the above measures 
 of a severe and persecuting character, between the times 
 when true religion had just emancipated herself from the 
 shackles of a tyrannous superstition, rooted by ancient 
 usage most strongly in the hearts of many, and those in 
 
 the following as specimens. A cobbler of Deepden, the author 
 of a fruitful schism, taught " that there ought not to be any 
 prescript form of prayer, but that at every assembly the minister 
 must devise a new order; that the prayers in the book of 
 Common Prayer were generally wicked ; that the thing 
 preached in England was not the Gospel ; that it was not lawful 
 to seek the reformation of these things by her Majesty, the 
 Parliament, or the Bishops, but that the common people may 
 and must reform by their own authority." Democratical prin- 
 ciples in our own days could go no further. Another informa- 
 tion reports, that any person received as a member of the sect 
 was to have all his goods in common with the rest of his 
 brethren. When they assembled before their elder for hear- 
 ing the Scriptures read and expounded, he addressed them 
 thus : " All you that are but weak, and not come to perfec- 
 tion, withdraw yourselves, and pray that you may be made 
 worthy,*' &c. : upon which these "tioeaklyngs" retired. ie When 
 a questyon is demanded of anye of them, they doo of ordre staye 
 a great whyle ere they do aunswere, and comonlye theyre 
 fyrst worde shall be Surelye, or So!" Evidently the rudi- 
 ments of the Yea and Nay of Quakerism. They decree all 
 men to be infants under thirty years of age. If asked if an 
 infant should be baptized, " they say Yea," meaning that until 
 that period they are yet in their infancy. One of the most 
 amusing and probably well-founded charges against them, 
 was, " that their bishops, elders, or deacons, doe increase in 
 welthe, but theyr dyscyples become poor." 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 229 
 
 which she has been long cherished by equal laws, con- 
 firmed by a grateful experience of the blessings she has 
 conferred, and when a confidence in her just merits has 
 induced her to relinquish much of her political ascend- 
 ancy, in the generous endeavour to conciliate men of all 
 opinions. May such concession never be successfully 
 perverted to weaken her influence, to introduce anarchy 
 under the form of liberality, and to make that anarchy the 
 anvil on which to reforge fetters for the body politic ! for 
 it must ever be remembered that true religion, united with 
 just and vigorous government, is the only source of real 
 and rational liberty, and that the licentiousness of infidels, 
 of libellers, and seditious demagogues, subject the good 
 and loyal for the time to the most bitter of persecutions, 
 and end at the last in the establishment of arbitrary 
 power. History points at Cromwell and Napoleon as apt 
 illustrations of the axiom. 
 
 Confinement of Henry Wriothesley, second Earl of South- 
 ampton of that name, at Loseley, as a suspected Papist. 
 
 On the 16th of June, 1570, Lord William Howard, Sir 
 Francis Knowles, and Sir William Cecill, addressed let- 
 ters, as Lords of the Council, to Mr. Becher, Sheriff of 
 London, signifying that the Queen's Majesty, having cause 
 given her to conceive some displeasure towards the Earl 
 of Southampton, had thought proper to commit him to 
 his the Sheriff's custody ; that he was to cause him to be 
 lodged in some convenient place within his house, and 
 to allow him to have conference with none save such his 
 domestic attendants as he should have selected to wait on 
 
230 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 him ; that he should neither write or receive any letters 
 which should not be subjected to the Sheriff's inspection ; 
 that he might be allowed to walk in the Sheriff's garden 
 in the absence of strangers, provided that gentleman, or 
 one of his trusty servants, were with him. 
 
 On the 15 th of July following, the plague then raging 
 in London, the Council signified to the Sheriff the Queen's 
 gracious pleasure that the Earl, not being in very good 
 health, should be removed from his custody, and trans- 
 ferred to that of Mr. More, of Loseley, who received 
 orders to repair to London, and take the Earl into his custo- 
 dy, — a charge of no small personal trouble and confinement 
 to Mr. More, who was at the same time instructed to 
 bring him to conform to the use of the Common Prayer. 
 
 The reports of Mr. More to the Council on this subject, 
 are curiously minute. The uniting in the Common Prayer 
 was considered at that period a sort of test of the loyalty 
 of suspected persons. Southampton had married the 
 daughter of Anthony Browne, Viscount Montague. This 
 nobleman exerted all his influence to obtain the release of 
 his son-in-law ; nevertheless he remained in durance at 
 Loseley for three years, when he was permitted to remove 
 to the seat of the Viscount at Cowdray, in Sussex, with 
 permission occasionally to inspect the progress made in 
 a seat which he was erecting for himself in Hampshire, 
 provided he were absent for only one night at a time. 
 Southampton's confinement at Loseley was made as 
 agreeable to him as circumstances might admit. His 
 lordship, after his enlargement, continued on the most 
 friendly terms with Mr. More, afterwards Sir William. In 
 1573 he announces to him, in a letter dated from Cow- 
 dray, his lady's delivery of " a goodly boy," who became 
 afterwards the heir of his title, and the munificent patron 
 of Shakspeare. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 231 
 
 (87.) 
 
 The Earl of Southampton to Mr. More. He is anxious 
 to be removed from London. 
 
 Mr. More, 
 
 After ray ryght harty come'dacions, I have by 
 this berer sent unto you the counsells letters, 
 wherby you shall p'ceyve that 1 am apoynted to 
 continue w th you for a time. I assure your geste 
 (guest) cumeth w th no very good will, having 
 rather to be at my house, if it so plesed them ; 
 but sins it is ther plesur, that I were owght 
 (out) of the town,* otherwise lame glad they have 
 placed me w th so honest a gentleman and my 
 frend ; and so desiring you to cum to morowe, 
 I bid you far well w th harty comendacions to yo r 
 wife. Fro' Londo', the 16th of July, 1570. 
 
 Y r loving ffrend, 
 
 H. Southampton. 
 
 To my loving ffrend 
 
 Mr. More gev this. 
 
 * On account of the infectious disease then prevailing, Mr. 
 Becher, the Sheriff of London, to whose custody the Earl had 
 at first been committed, informs Mr. More, in a letter dated 
 10th of August 1570, "that the sickness of plague had in- 
 croached nearer his house, being in Cornhill and Lombard 
 Street $" that it was of the nature of a burning ague, but that 
 few died of it. It is therefore probable that the disease so fre- 
 quently recurring in London, to which the name of plague is 
 assigned by the compilers of ancient chronicles, was in many 
 instances but an epidemic fever, varying in its degree of malig- 
 nity. 
 
232 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 (88.) 
 
 Viscount Montague to Mr. More. Begs him to inquire of bis 
 son-in-law the Earl of Southampton, if he can do any thing 
 more in his behalf. 
 
 W* my herty comendations, understanding yes- 
 terdaye night fro' my dowghter that the state of 
 my L. of Southampton with you is butt as before 
 with Mr. Becher, I thowghtt itt my parte, after 
 his so many dayes abode there, to send to you, as 
 well thatt his L. may understand my care and 
 desyre to here of his helth, as also to knowe whe- 
 ther his L. wolde any thinge further to be by me 
 donne in his behalf. And so I wishe you hertely 
 well to doo. ffro' my howse att Cowdrey, the 
 xxiiij of Julii, 1570. 
 
 Yo r lovinge fFrend, 
 
 Anthony Mountague. 
 
 I wolde soner have sent to my L: savinge that 
 I thoughtt I shoulde have herd before this fro' 
 yow, the state and mater of his com'itting unto 
 yow. 
 
 To my loving ffrend 
 Mr. Wm. Moore, Esquyer. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 233 
 
 (89.) 
 
 The Council to Mr. More, desire to be informed by his private 
 letter if the Earl of Southampton attends Common Prayer in 
 his house. 
 
 After our very harty comendations, we have 
 thought meet, for good considerations, to require 
 yo u to signifie unto us by yo r private l're, whether 
 the Earle of Southampton, at presente remayning 
 in your howse, doo cume to Comon Prayer or 
 not ; and in case he have not so doon alredy, 
 then we require yo u , as of yo r self, to move and 
 pswade him thereunto, and of that he shall doo 
 or hath doone, and shall answer thereuppon, we 
 pray yo u to advertise us with convenient speede. 
 And so we byd yo u fare well, ffrom Wyndes', 
 the xviij of Octob r , 1570. 
 
 Yo' loving frends, 
 W. North. F. Bedford. R. Leycester. 
 
 W. Howard. 
 F. Knollys. James Crofts. W. Cecill. 
 
 Wa. Mildmay. 
 To o r very lovinge frende. 
 Wm. Moore, Esquier. 
 
 (90.) 
 
 Mr. More to the Lords of the Council, in reply to the 
 preceding. 
 
 My dewtye unto yo r honorable LL. (Lordships) 
 
234 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 humblye remembred, yt may plese the same to be 
 adv'tysed, imedyatlye after the E. of S. came into 
 my charge, I sygnefyd unto hy' that usuelye I 
 had Com'on Prayer twise ev'ye daye in my howse, 
 at the w ch I wold wyshe his L. to be. Whereunto 
 he aunsweryd me, that as he was restreyned of 
 his libertye in my howse, he had no disposyc'on 
 to come out of his chamber to praye, but rather 
 to occupye hymself there in prayer, thinking it to 
 be no great differ' (difference) to do th'one or 
 th'other, and therefore desyred me to thinke that 
 that he dyd not absent himself from the same as 
 of one that contempnyd the service, for not 
 onelye he had usually Comon Prayer in his own 
 howse, but also at hisbeyng in the Courte dyd 
 there frequent the same ; and so requysted me 
 therew* to be satysfyed. Within short tyme after 
 I declared unto hym, that sins thorowgte his re- 
 meynynge w* me, I was inforsyd so to kepe home, 
 as nether I nor my familye could be at any ser- 
 vice abrode, I dyd determyne to have one well 
 lernyd to enstruct them one daye in my howse, of 
 the w ch I thought better to gyve hym knowledg 
 before, then upon the sodden to move hym to 
 come unto the same. He aunswered, that syns I 
 was so determyned, he wold wyllyngle be by; 
 and so at the tyme poynted he cam and stayd the 
 service, from the beginning to th'end ; and latelye 
 I agen declared to his lordship that I mynded to 
 doe another service in my howse, to w'ch he sayd 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 235 
 
 he wold wyllyngly here when soever I wold. And 
 now,accordyngto yo r LL.'scomandmentsygnefyed 
 unto me by y r l'res, I eftsons moved hy' to come 
 unto the Conion Prayer, usyng suche p'swasons as 
 I could to lead him thereunto. Wherunto he 
 aunsweryd me that he had absented himself from 
 the service for no other respect then before de- 
 clared, and that sins I dyd so ernestlye begge 
 hym thereunto, he would wyllynglye be present 
 at hit, and so came that daye unto my plyer (par- 
 lour J, where our prayer was, and was present at 
 the same. 
 
 Indorsed^ " To y e LL. of the Counsel!, 
 for y e E. of Southampton." 
 
 (91.) 
 
 Viscount Montague to Mr. More, his daughter purposes to 
 make suit for her husband's liberation. 
 
 W th my herty comendations^ I can nott a litell 
 merveyle that, my L. of Southampton havinge delt 
 and written as lately you knowe he hath, no resolu- 
 tions followeth of his release. I here a pursuivant 
 was w* you w h letters touchinge him, whether for 
 good or no I knowe nott, more than thatt by y r 
 message my davvghter had cause to hope the best. 
 If there appere to you no likelihod of his dys- 
 chardge, I pray yow send me worde by this bearer 
 what yow thinke, to th'end his wyfF may stay no 
 
236 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 longer, but for dyschardge of her dutye to make 
 sute as she maye. I trust and make my selff 
 assuryd he hath and dothe not wauntt yo r best 
 best meanes to further him. And so byd yow 
 hertelye fare well. Fro' my howse att Cowdrey, 
 the last of October, 1570. 
 
 Yo r lovinge ffrend, 
 
 Anthony Mountague. 
 To my lovinge ffrend Mr, 
 Wm. Moore, Esquyer. 
 
 ,(92.) 
 
 Draft of a Letter from Mr. More to the Earl of Leicester, in- 
 terceding on behalf of the Earl of Southampton. 
 
 My dewtye unto yo r honorable L. remembred. 
 It may pleyse the same to be adv'tysed that my 
 L. of Southampton sueth that he understand what 
 successe the erneste sute of yo r L. and of others, 
 latelye had to the Quen's most excellent ma? for 
 his enlargement. He ys falen into that hevynes 
 and pensivenes of mynde, as that I see yt wyll 
 eyther brede in him some present sicknes, or 
 some great inconvenyens hereafter. I have used 
 y e best psuacons I can to staye him from the same, 
 but it lyttle p'valythe, and his answere ys, y* al- 
 bey t his restraint of lib'tye ys verye painfull unto 
 him, because he doutyth the same to be soch dis- 
 comfyrte to my La. his wyfF as may bee to her 
 great harme, yet the indygnaco' and dyspley- 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 237 
 
 sure of her highnes w ch he thinkethe vehemently 
 torneth ageynst hy', because he seythe his fiends 
 ernest labor unto hyre grace in his behalf can 
 take no better place, dothe so farre passe the 
 other in greefe of mynde unto him, as that his lyf 
 seemeth to him verye tedyous. Of w ch I tho* yt 
 my dewtye to adv'tyse yo r L. bycause I perceave 
 hys hope of qualyfycac on of the quen's ma ts dys- 
 pleys r agenst hym restythe chyflye in you, by 
 whose good care if he may effect the same, it shall 
 not onelye be greatlye to his comforte, but also 
 bind him in honor to be at yo r commandment 
 duryng his lyf. 
 
 (93.) 
 
 The Council signify to Mr. More the Queen's pleasure that the 
 restrictions on the Earl of Southampton's liberty may be 
 somewhat relaxed. 
 
 After our hartie comendacons. Whereas, upon 
 the humble submission of th'erle of Southampton, 
 the Queenes Majesties gracious pleasure was, that 
 he should be sett at more lib r tie, her highnes hath 
 made speciale choise of you w th whome he might 
 for the tyme remayne, till some farther order be 
 taken : w'ch we have thought good to signifie 
 unto you, desiringe you as well to pmett unto 
 hitn th'accesse of my lady his wief, his other frends 
 and s'vaunts w'ch shall repaire unk> him, as 
 otherwise suffer him to goe some tymes abrode w* 
 
238 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 them for takinge the aier, so that it be w th yo r 
 likinge and in yo r company. And hereby we 
 mynde not to charge you in any respectt w th his 
 diette or otherwise in any sorte, but that he eyther 
 beare them him self, or see you well satisffied and 
 contented, as to his estate and in right apteyneth. 
 And for that he hath desired to have lib'tie to re- 
 payre some tymes to an howyse of his in Hamp- 
 shyr w'ch nowe is in biiildinge,^ her Ma 1 ? is veary 
 well pleased that he may now and then do so, so 
 that it be in yo r presence and cumpany, and that 
 he retorne to your hows the same night againe. 
 And so desiringe you hereof not to faile, we bid 
 you right hartily farewell, ffrom the Starre 
 Chamber, the hTte of Maye, 1573. 
 Yo r lovinge ffrends, 
 W. Burghley. E. Lyncoln. T. Sussex. 
 R. Leycester. T. Smith. 
 
 R. Sadleir. Wa. Mildmay. 
 To o r lovinge ffrende 
 Mr. Moore. 
 
 * He was erecting a seat near Odiham in Hampshire. In a 
 letter to Mr. More, dated from Cowdray 1st Nov. 1573, he says, 
 " I beg you will do so much as send for your glassier and tell 
 him that nowe I am redy for him at Dogsmersfield, and if he 
 cannot presently serve my turne I must provide some other, 
 for that some of the house must be forthwith glased before the 
 frost, and my glasse and all other things is there redy."' 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 239 
 
 (94.) 
 
 The Council signify to the Earl of Southampton her Majesty's 
 permission that he should remain under certain restrictions 
 with his good father-in-Jaw the Viscount Montague at Cow- 
 dray. 
 
 Aft'r o r hartie comendac'ons to yo r L. The 
 Quens Ma*y ys well pleased and contented that 
 you shall remayne at Cowdraie, w th your verie 
 good ffather-in-lawe the Vicount Montague. And 
 ffurther, at yo r and yo r ffrendes earnest request, <ps 
 also contented that yo r Lordshipp may repaire to 
 yo r howse w ch ys in buildinge, in such sorte as you 
 did when ye were at Mr. More's, pvided alwaies 
 that, by reason of the distance of y e places ye 
 cannot well returne in one daie, ye do not by this 
 pmission remayne there above one night, till her 
 Ma ts ffarther pleasure shalbe knowen to the con- 
 trarie. And this shalbe yo r and Mr. More's suffi- 
 cient warrant in y* behalf, and so we bide yo r 
 right hartelie fFaire well. From Grenw ch , the 
 xiiij th of Julie, 1573. 
 
 Yo r loving fFrendes, 
 W. Burghley. T. Sussex. F. Bedford. 
 R. Leycester. 
 
240 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 ( 95. ) 
 
 The Earl of Southampton to Mr. More, communicates the 
 comfort God hath sent him after his long troubles, by the 
 birth of a goodly boy. This child became afterwards his 
 heir, and has the honour to be recorded as a liberal patron 
 of our immortal and unequalled poet Shakspeare. 
 
 After my most harty ' comendacions, both to 
 you and your good wife. Allthough yt is so happed 
 by the sudden sickness of my wife, that wee 
 coold not by possibility have her pressent as we 
 desired, yet have I thought good to imparte 
 unto you such comfort as God hath sent me after 
 all my longe trubles, w ch is that this present 
 morning, atiij ofclok, my wife was dd. [delivered] 
 of a goodly boy (God bless him !) the w ch , all- 
 though yt was not w th out great perell to them 
 both for the present, yet now, I thank God, both are 
 in good state. Yf your wife will take the paynes 
 to visit her, we shalbe mighty glad of her com- 
 pany ; and so, w h my harty comendations to your 
 son Polsted and his wife, and to good Mr. Soun- 
 dar, if he be with you, I end for this time, biding 
 you hartely farewell. From Cowdray, this pres* 
 Tuesday 1573. 
 
 Your assured fTVend, 
 
 H. Southampton. 
 
 To my assured frend Mr. William 
 More, Esquire, Losly, geve thes. 
 
THE L0SELEY MANUSCRIPTS, 241 
 
 (96.) 
 
 Copley, of Gatton. 
 
 Thomas Copley, Esq. of Gatton, in Surrey, was a 
 popish recusant. He seems to have retired into the 
 Spanish Netherlands with other persons disaffected to the 
 English Government and the Reformed Religion. Cam- 
 den, in his Annals of Queen Elizabeth, gives the following 
 incidental notice of this individual : * 
 
 " Don Lewis Zuniga de Requesens, who succeeded the 
 Duke of Alva " (in the government of the Netherlands) 
 " bent himself wholly to recover (if it were possible) the 
 sea coasts, which the Duke of Alva had, by a notable over- 
 sight in so great a captaine, neglected, whereby the Low 
 Country Warre was so many years prolonged. But, foras- 
 much as he was unprovided of shipping (for the Spanish 
 shippes, which by ayde of the English were brought into 
 Flanders a little before for that purpose, had miscarried, 
 being rent and foully-weather beaten), he sent Boischot 
 into England to levy, with the Queen's leave, ships and 
 sailors against the Hollanders and Zelanders. But he 
 prevailed not, for the Gtueene would not thrust her ships 
 and sailors into danger in another man's cause, and pub- 
 liquely she commanded that no man should man out ships 
 of warre but by her license first obtained, and that the 
 English sailors should not serve under other princes. 
 Boischot therefore made suit that she would not be of- 
 fended if the English Exiles in the Netherlands served 
 under the Spaniards in sea fight against the Hollanders. 
 
 * Translated by R. N. Gent. ann. 1635, p. 181. 
 R 
 
242 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 She in no wise allowed that those English Rebels, for so 
 she called those whom he termed Exiles, should serve 
 under the Spaniards, nay she hoped Requesens would not 
 favour them. Certainly she prayed him he would not, and 
 namely Thomas Copley; for him the Spaniards purposed 
 to send forth to make prize of the English and the Ne- 
 therlander, having loaden him with the titles of Great 
 Master of the Maes, Lord of Gatton and Roughtey." 
 
 These were sounding noms de guerre, and might pass 
 very well in a foreign service, although the two last were 
 but appellations of Copley's manors in Surrey ; * one of 
 them a notorious borough, whose rottenness was of much 
 antiquity, as it appears to have been a mere nominal cor- 
 poration in the time of Elizabeth,! the privilege of which 
 has been swept away by a recent grand experiment in 
 political economy. 
 
 * The letters of marque granted to him as IC Don Thomas 
 Copleus" by the representative of the King of Spain in the 
 Netherlands, " Don Luys de Requesens, Comendador Mayor 
 de Castilla, del Conseio de Stado, Gubernardor, y Capitayne 
 Generale de los Estados de Flandres," are extant in the Lose- 
 ley collection ; which circumstance seems to bear presumptive 
 evidence of a seizure at least of his papers, by the vigilant 
 policy of the Queen's ministers. 
 
 f We here insert the following letter in confirmation of this 
 observation. 
 
 " After my very harty com'endations, wheras my LL. 
 (Lords) of the Cowncill do understand that Mrs. Copley 
 hathe the nomynatio' of the two Burgesses ffor the town of 
 Gatton, beinge a p'cell of her joynture. It is not thought 
 convenyent, for that she is known to be evill affected, that she 
 should beare any sway e in the choise of the said Burgesses, 
 her Ma'ts pleasure being suche, as by o'r l'res hathe be' sigr 
 nyfyed unto you, that a specyall choise should be had for this 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 243 
 
 ( 97- ) 
 
 Copley to the Sheriff and Justices of Surrey. Demurs to sub- 
 scribe to the Act for the Uniformity of Common Prayer ; 
 insists on the infallibility of the Church of Rome, and on the 
 impossibility of it having been so long suffered to continue 
 in error and blindness. 
 
 After my right hartie eomendac'ons unto you all. 
 For that the true knowledg how God should be 
 served, and the true order of Administrac'on of 
 the Sacram ts was knowen, practised, and esta- 
 blished in the Churche of God longe befo r the 
 Acte of Parlement was made whereunto I should 
 now subscribe, and that the referringasitwereof the 
 originall and true setting furthe therof, to the said 
 
 present Parlament of fyt p'sons, known to be well affected in 
 relygo' and towardes the estate. Theyr LL. (Lordships) have 
 thought good therfore youe should recommend unto the s'd 
 burgers Will'm Waad, one of the clerks of her Ma'ts Pryvy 
 Cownsell, and Nycolas Fuller, a Cownsell at the Law, whome 
 if they shall not be wiilinge to make choise of for theyr Bur- 
 gesses, at the leste you must se that care be had they there may 
 discret p'sons be chosen, and well affected. Thus hopinge 
 this shall suffyce, I byd you hartely fare well, ffrom Winchest' 
 the xxvii of Sept. 1586. 
 
 Yo'r lovinge ffrend 
 
 Fra. Walsyngham. 
 
 To my verie lov'nge f 'des S' W'm More, 
 and S'r Tho's Browne, K'ts, and Ric. 
 Bawstocke, Esq, 
 
 R 2 
 
244 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 act so latelie made, should seme a great derogac'on 
 to y e Christian faithe, and a great slander and dis- 
 credit to the Churche of God, that the same should 
 be so mannye ages after ignoraunt how God 
 should be servyd, or a false teacher of his people, 
 which cannot be, sence th' Apostle saithe that the 
 same is columna et firmamentum veritatis, and 
 bycause wtfiout a faithles mistrust in God it maye 
 not, in my opinion, in word or thought be doubtyd, 
 that God, who being truthe it self, and promising 
 that he would be w* his Churche, not after fifteen 
 hundred years only, but omnib's dieb's usque ad 
 consumac'em seculi, by all daies to the worlds 
 eand, and to instructe the same into all truthe, 
 w'ch words admit no intermission, would, contrarie 
 to his divine promise, surfer such long and generall 
 error and blindnesse in his churche as is bye some 
 imagined. For theis and div'se other great causes 
 (too many in a Pre to be rehersed unto you.) 
 I cannot yet by any serche fynde sufficient matt* 
 to psuade me w th saif co'science to that w ch is 
 at this p'sent required of me ; amongst others, I 
 see the great daunger of displeasure, restraint, and 
 moche hindraunce and trouble, that is lyke herbie 
 to growe unto me w'thout the great mercye and 
 favour of my lords of the privy counsaill. Neither 
 am I so sencelesse or stonie but that I fele the 
 grief therof, andgladlie would avoyd the same and 
 do w th all my hart as others do, beinge I know 
 much wyser than my self, if I could do it w^hout 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 245 
 
 f'eare of daung r and by offence of God and my 
 conscience, not being pswadyd in this point as 
 some others perhaps be. Wherfor I most instant- 
 lie requier yo u all, if it may be, to grant me long r 
 respite for th'enforming of my co'science in this 
 case. If yo u cannot so do, then for excuse of my 
 not subscribing at this present to send up even 
 this my Pre to my Lords and others of the p'vie 
 councell, whose honors I trust will, of their great 
 m'cye and goodnes, have favorable considerac'on of 
 this my doing, not proceeding, I protest before 
 God, of any obstinacye but only of meare feare to 
 offend my conscience. And farther that I might 
 fynd so moche favor and friendship at yo r hands as 
 that you would be contentyd for neighbourhod to 
 afford herew^ll to my said Lords a few favorable 
 lynes from yo r selves in the favor of me yo r poor 
 neighbour and loving frend, w ch I doubt not 
 should pcure me more grace at there Lordships' 
 hands in this behalf then any myne owne privat 
 sute can do. In w ch y r ffrendlie doing, as by yo 
 charitable compassion therin appearing of y r 
 neighbor's afflection, you should singularly please 
 God and avoid from yourselves and others the 
 danger w ch th'Appostle admonisheth yo' of intheis 
 words, " Peritur infirmus in tua conscientia frater, 
 propter quern Christus mortuus est ; sic autem 
 peccatis in fratres et percutietis conscientiam 
 eorum infirmorum in Christum," w'ch syning 
 agaynst Christ weare, as ye see, daungerous to 
 
246 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS, 
 
 such as should urge me to the offence of my 
 co'science in this case, so shall I herin have cause 
 to acknowledg my self m-uche beholding to you 
 all in gen'all, and especiallye to suche of you in 
 pticular as J shall understand to be furtherers of 
 this my reasonable sute, as knoweth the All- 
 mightie, of whom I hartlie wish unto you all the 
 love, feare, and true knowledge, w* prosperous 
 successe in all y r world! ie affairs to his honor, 
 xxiii of Novemb. 1569, 
 
 Y r lovS neghbor and assueryd pore friend, 
 
 Tho. Coppley. 
 
 To S r Henrie Weston, knight, highe 
 sheriff of the Co. of Surrey, and to 
 the justices of y e peace of y e sayd 
 Shere assemblyd at Dorking, and 
 to ev'v of them. 
 
 (98.) 
 
 The Lords of the Council to the Justices of Surrey. Massing 
 priests go disguised from place to place, and in whispering 
 manner maintain sundry of her Majesty's subjects in super- 
 stition and error.* 
 
 After our verie hartie comendac'ons. The 
 Quene's Ma tie being given to understand, that as 
 
 * The vigilance exercised at this time by the local Ma- 
 gistrates, may be inferred from a letter from Sir William More 
 to Secretary Walsingham, forwarded with a book which a 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 24/ 
 
 well w th in that Countie as in diverse other parts 
 of the Realme, there be certaine lewd and evill 
 disposed persons w'ch do remayne obscurely in se- 
 cret places or els verie secreatly do goe from place 
 to place, disguised in apparel, eith r after the maner 
 of serving men or of artificers, wheras they be in- 
 deed popishe and massyng preasts, and doe under 
 that visor, in whispering maner howld and mayn- 
 teine sondrie of hir Mat s subjects in superstition 
 and error: some of them p'tending to have au- 
 thorise from the pope to reconcile men and woe- 
 men to the Churche of Rome, and to divert their 
 due obedience and allegiance from our most gra- 
 ciouse Ladiethe Quene, o r undoubted soveraigne. 
 A kynd of people and a maner of practise over 
 long used and in no wyse anie more to be sufred. 
 And therfore hir Mat s pleasure is, and in hir high- 
 nes name wee ernestly requyre and chardge you 
 to conferre earnestly together and to use all good 
 meanes possible that you can for the diligent in- 
 quirie from tyme to tyme, and finding owt of suche 
 disguised psons. And where you shall fynd anie 
 vehement p'sumption that anie suche psons shalbe 
 likely to hawnt, some of you that shall inhabite 
 nearest unto the place so suspected, callyng unto 
 you the constable or some other publique officer 
 
 countryman had dropped in a shower of rain under Guildford 
 Park pale, and which being picked up and dried, was brought 
 by the finder to Sir William, who thought the circumstance of 
 sufficient importance to claim official notice. 
 
248 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 shall make searche in the howse that shall be houlden 
 so suspected, and use as good discretion as you 
 can to fynd yf anie suche bee there, or by any 
 presumptions uppon matters likely that anie suche 
 person hathe been there, the w'ch maye bee con- 
 jectured most sonest, yf there shall be fownd 
 there in that place anie masse bookes, superal- 
 taries, or anie other suche thing belonging to the 
 masse. And yf anie offendor in that case shalbe 
 by suche meanes found, you shall apprehend them. 
 And of yo r doynges in this behalfe, besydes th'ad- 
 vertisy ng of us by yo r l'res, you shall in forme the 
 L. Bushoppe of theDiocesse or the ordinarie, and 
 take sufficient order for the com ltting and forth- 
 comyng of suche as you shall fynd to be offendors, 
 that they maye be answerable according to the 
 qualitie of their faults. And so nothing doubtyng 
 of yo r good discretions herein, wee byd you har- 
 tely farewell. From the Court at Hatfield the v th 
 ofSeptemb r 1578. 
 
 Yo r loving frends, 
 
 R. Leycester. 
 
 W. BlJRGHLEY. 
 
 F. Knollys. Jamys Croft. 
 Tho's Wylson. F. Walsyngham. 
 
 To o r loving frends the Sherif and 
 Justic's of Pece, in the Countie 
 of Surrey. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 249 
 
 (99.) 
 
 Thomas Fryer, of London, Doctor of Physic, has compounded 
 with her Majesty, for a certain yearly sum not to come to 
 church. A document, intituled, " A note of several livings 
 of such recusants now remayninge in the Countie of Surrey 
 as are of habilitie, and of such sommes of monie as they 
 offer to pay yearlie into her Majesties receipt, set down 
 under their hands, the 9th of March, 1585," shews that many 
 Romanists were willing to purchase similar permission at the 
 sacrifice of a fourth part of their yearly income, if their own 
 statements of the amount might be considered, under such 
 circumstances, to be tolerably correct. Certificates from 
 the Churchwardens to the Justices, that certain individuals 
 had conformed, by attending divine service in the parish 
 church, are at this period not unusual. 
 
 Where' Thomas Fryer, Doctor of Phisicke, 
 dwellinge w'thin the Cytye of London, ys required 
 by yo r 1're of this instante to be before youe at 
 Dorkinge on Thurseday nowe next cominge, as 
 touchinge his not cominge to Churche. It may 
 please yowe to be advertised that the sayd Mr. 
 Fryer hath ben allreddye called before the M r of 
 the Rolls and Sir Owyn Hopton. knighte, lieute- 
 nante of the Tower, Commissioners appoynted for 
 the same cause, w'thin the Cyttie of London and 
 the Countye of Midd. before whom he hath com- 
 pounded and agreed to paye unto her Ma tie a cer- 
 ten yeareiy some of money for his nott cominge to 
 churche, as by the certyficate thereof, delyvered 
 unto the Lordes of her Ma'ties pryvie councell* 
 
250 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS 
 
 dothe appeare, w'ch by the comaundement of the 
 M r of the Rolls I am willed to signifie unto yo r 
 mastershipps. At London the xvii th of Maye 
 1586. Yo r w r shippes humbly to com'aunde, 
 
 Henry Clerke, 
 
 the Clarke of the Peace in the 
 
 Countye of Midd. 
 
 To the Right worshippfull S r 
 Will'm More, Sir Thomas 
 Browne, knightes, George More, 
 Robert Lyvesey, and Edward 
 Bellingham, Esquiers, and to 
 every of them. 
 
 (100.) 
 
 Petition of the Parishioners of Ewell to Sir William More, re- 
 lative to the miserable state of their poor vicarage. The 
 patrons of churches bequeathing the advcwsons and tithes to 
 monasteries rendered such churches vicarial and pensionary. 
 At the suppression of the monasteries, the tithes, which ought 
 to have been restored to the churches, were given to laymen, 
 and the Church has ever since suffered under this unjust 
 impoverishment and alienation of its goods : now, it would 
 seem, irremediable without invading the rights of long-esta- 
 blished property.* The subjoined paper may be illustrated 
 
 * Among the MSS. is a copy of the form of a grant by the 
 King, of the Rectory and Church of Great Bookham, an appen- 
 dage of Chertsey Abbey, to Sir Christopher More, of Loseley. 
 The instrument is in Latin, and is remarkable as not being an 
 executed grant, but having the following petition prefixed : 
 
 u To the King our Soveraine Lorde. Please it your high- 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 251 
 
 by Aubrey's account of the state of spiritual instruction at 
 Ewell at a later date ; he says, " It is a market-town, not 
 much above 10 miles from London, in a Christian kingdom, 
 and such a kingdom, where the all-saving Word of the ever- 
 living God is most diligently, sincerely, and plentifully 
 preached ; and yet amidst this diligence, as it were in the 
 circle and centre of this sincerity, and in the flood of this 
 plenty, the town of Ewell hath neither preacher nor pastor : 
 for, although the parsonage be able to maintain a sufficient 
 preacher, yet the living being in a layman s hand, is rented 
 out to another for a great sum, and yet no preacher main- 
 tained there. Now the chief landlord out of his portion 
 doth allow but 7/. yearly for a reader ; and the other, that 
 doth hire the parsonage at a great rent, doth give the said 
 reader 4/. the year more, out of his means and courtesy j 
 and by this means the town is served with a poor old man 
 that is half blind, and by reason of his age can scarce read; 
 for all the world knows that so small a stipend cannot find a 
 good preacher books, and very hardly bread to live on, so 
 that the poor souls dwelling there are in danger of famishing 
 for want of a good preacher ; for a sermon among them is as 
 rare as warm weather in December or ice in July, both of 
 which I have seen in England, but seldom." Hist, and Antiq. 
 of Surrey, vol. ii. p. 242. This, and the three documents 
 subsequently selected, shew the humble and subjected state 
 of the parochial Clergy at this period. 
 
 To the right worshippfull S r William Moore, knight. 
 
 In all humble man'er that wee maye, the pochioners 
 and inhabitants of Ewell, in the Countie of Surr', moste 
 entirelie beseech your worship in the behalf of our poore 
 
 nes, of your most noble and abundant grace, to grant your 
 gracious l'res patents under your grete sele, in due fourme, to 
 be made according to the tenoure hereafter ensuynge. <f Rex 
 nibus, &c." 
 
252 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 vicar Richard Williamson. That whereas his vicaridge of 
 Ewel is pentionarie but vii 11 by the yeare in money, as by 
 a composition made therof about the yeare of our Lord 
 God 1458, more at large appeereth, w ch said composition 
 remayneth in the Bishop's regestrie at Winchester, 
 amongest other things there to be seene ; and about fortie 
 yeares passed, for that none was able to lyve upon y l said 
 pension, it was augmented for the smalnes therof nip by 
 the yeare, w ch maketh but xi u in the whole, and altogether 
 cumeth not unto iiij s by the weeke, the tenthes and sub- 
 sidies deducted ; the said pention can not finde (for the 
 smalnes therof) no learned Minister to lyve on, but he be 
 constrayned to begge for his said living, a thinge more 
 lamentable than can welbe spoken of without teares. 
 The high prises of al thinges now growen within these 
 seaven skore yeares, when the said composition was made, 
 at what tyme and long sithens a bushel of wheate was not 
 above vi d , and so in al like prises of oother things, but 
 now at iij s . ; the Church a Deanrie Church, the great num- 
 ber of com'unicants, about halfe a thowsand of us, besides 
 the multitude of youth catechises, w'ch is also great ; his 
 continual residence among so many, and no oother stay of 
 lyving for him the said vicar, constrayneth us to appeale 
 unto your woorshipe, being chosen for this present tyme 
 a special member for the bodie of our Countie of Surr', to 
 helpe forward in the moving and prosecuting of all causes 
 lamentable, of w ch we suppose there is none of like nature 
 (considering the great charge) to be redressed at this instant, 
 as this our sayd vicaridg of Ewel. May it therfor please your 
 woorship to take regard of this most pittifull cause, that 
 by your sayde wisedoom soom good course may be taken 
 to establish a perpetual competent portion for him the 
 sayde vicar and his familie to lyve on, and also to be able 
 to mayntayne hospitalitie amongest the poore needie of 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 253 
 
 his said chardge, when occasion shal require it, w cli aug- 
 mentation may wel be deducted out of the said psonage 
 fruictes, w ch one Mr. Saunders, gentleman, wholie reapeth. 
 Wherfore if it may stand with your worships good liking, 
 the pention being in no wise able to relieve him the said 
 vicar, nor none other, that the said pention may die and 
 surcease, and y l he and his successors ppetual may be lefte 
 to the vicaridge tiethes, of the said charge, togither with 
 the glibe landes geven and lefte to the same church for the 
 better mayntenance of the incu'bents there for ever. And 
 we shal daylie pray for your woorship in al godlines long 
 to continue to the good pleasure of the Almightie. 
 
 Signed by Saunders Bray, John Dickins, Allan Tayler, 
 William Smith, George Douce, John Collins, and by the 
 marks of Edward Moonter and William Parks, church- 
 wardens, and of six other parishioners. 
 Indorsed, "The humble peticion 
 
 of the Inhabitants and Pa- 
 rishioners of Ewel, in the Coun- 
 
 tie of Surr', neere to Nonesuch, 
 
 for the relief e of the moste 
 
 miserable state of theire poore 
 
 vicaridge there/' 
 
 (101.) 
 
 John Cowper, Esq. of Capel, in Surrey, (Serjeant-at-law,) to 
 Sir William More. The bearer, the minister of the parish 
 where he dwells, is desirous to marry a maid of the same 
 parish. Her Majesty's injunctions prescribe that a minister 
 cannot marry without the licence of his diocesan and two 
 justices of the peace. Requests Sir William Mores assent. 
 He has consulted divers of the minister's parishioners, who 
 have no objection. 
 
254 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 After my very harty comendacons. SY, the 
 berer hereof, beying the minister of the p'slie 
 wher I dwell, beyng w'oute a wife, ys very de- 
 syrous to mary a mayde dwelling in the same 
 gish ; and for as much as by her Mat ies injunccions 
 a minister cannot marry but by th'examinacon 
 and allowance of the Bishop of the dioces, and 
 two justices of the peace nere unto the place wher 
 the sayd minister and woman do dwell, I am for 
 hym to desyr yo r assent therunto. The man is of 
 honest and good conv'sacon, and the woman is ot 
 good yeres, towards xxx, and a very sober mayd 
 and honest, and so reported of by the substantial- 
 lest men of this parish, where she hath dwelled 
 almost seven yeres. He hath the good will of her 
 mother, her father being dede, and of her master^ 
 w* whome she last dwelled, and of her ffrends, 
 and of the pish wher he serveth, for I sent for 
 divers of them to know ther oppinions of the 
 matter before I wold wright, and before you syg- 
 nify yo r assent to my L. Bushopp (unto whome I 
 have also written) by a word or two from you. I 
 am sory that I cannot come by yo' as I goe to 
 London. I must ride into Buckinghamshire on 
 Monday or Tuesday next, and from thear to 
 London, where I hope we shall mete. Ther be 
 more wytnesses founde oute ; John Polsted was 
 the elder brother. Thus desyring you to make 
 my harty comendac' to my good Lady and Syster 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 255 
 
 Polsted, I tak my leave. From Capell this xviii of 
 Octobre. 
 
 Yo r cossyn and assured ffrend, 
 
 John Cowper. 
 It is out of dout that Polsted is maryed. 
 
 To the R* W 1 and his very g d 
 freind S r John More, knt. at 
 Losely, gyeve this. 
 
 (102.) 
 
 Robert Cole, Viear of Epsom, exculpates himself to Sir Wil- 
 liam More from certain uncharitable imputations. A letter 
 dictated with all the simplicity which Shakspeare (who, 
 studied his characters from real life) has attributed to the 
 parish priest, Sir Hugh Evans, in the Merry Wives of 
 Windsor. 
 
 In most humble wise, right worshippefull Syr, 
 my duetye reme'bred, most humbly praysinge 
 God, and givinge your worshipe thanks for your 
 favorable ayde, and furdermore in the easinge and 
 releasinge of my molestations by Mr. Nicolas 
 Saunder and other ungodlye people, through his 
 procureme't uncharitablye practised agaynst me, in 
 causinge me and my wife to be indighted for ba- 
 rators and troublesome people, to my great dif- 
 faminge and cost to travis (traverse) the same ; for 
 as knoweth God, I woulde very gladly live in 
 peace with all people : for I prayse God I have 
 dwelte amoste this xx yeare in the parishe of Eb- 
 
256 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 same, and neither man nor woman can justlye 
 saye that I at any time caulled or reviled, sithens 
 I came to that parishe, any man or woman, Sir, 
 (reverence of your worshippe), no not with suche 
 like worde as knave or drabe ; neither have I 
 smitten any maner of person exceptinge children, 
 the whiche I have taughte in learninge, and those 
 of my owne househould, but have bin glad alwaiese 
 to make peace and agreement betwene any of my 
 neighbours which have bin at any discorde. But 
 because I willed the church wardens accordinge 
 to the articles geven them from the ordenary to 
 present Mr. Nicolas Saunder for not reacevinge 
 the holye comunion, and that he was upon there 
 presentment sited to appeare before Mr. Doctor 
 Lowen, and becase he did not appeare at the court 
 daye he stode excomunicate, wherfore the sayde 
 Mr. Saunder procured great molestations agaynest 
 me by all meanes he could devise, to my great im- 
 poverishinge and undoinge, and yet is like to con- 
 tinew yfe God stire not up such good men as your 
 worsh'pe is, to mitigate his ire and supprese his 
 malice, the which I pray God graunt the same to 
 be finished. Furdermor, right worshippefull Syr, I 
 trust you shall finde my wife to be of honest beha- 
 viour, and that I am welcontented that she shalbe 
 at your worshippes appoyntinge and placinge as to 
 your worshippe shall seme most convenient, both 
 for her, and my honesty. Thus comightinge your 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 25/ 
 
 worshippe w* yours to the tuicion of allmighty 
 God. From Ebsam this iiij th of Aprill 1580. 
 Your obedient in Christ, 
 Robert Cole, Vicar of Ebsam. 
 
 To the Right worshippfull Syr Wil- 
 liam More, knight, high Shreve 
 of Sussex and Surre, deliver 
 these. 
 
 (103.) 
 
 Matthew Parker, Archbishop of Canterbury, to Sir William 
 More, The Vicar of Chertsey has been openly put in the 
 stocks ! 
 
 After my hartie comendac'ons, I am sued unto 
 by one Will'm Newman,* Vicar of Chartezey, in 
 the Countie of Surrey, that wheare' one Mr. 
 Cooper being of late made Justice, as he saith, 
 sent for him by the Cunstables in her Ma ties name 
 to cum before him, belike refused to goe to him, 
 as thinkinge he had noe matter toward him but 
 eccl'iasticall, and was afterward by a warrant ar- 
 rested, and by vertue therof putt into the stocks 
 openlie, and beinge comaunded to appeare before 
 him, alledged for that he refused to paie unto the 
 poore mans boxe suche a somme as the parishi- 
 oners sett uppo' his head (as he saith) contrarie to 
 justice, his benifice being but worthe xvi H , wheron 
 he is also resident, and being contented to paie ii s 
 
 * He was presented to the vicarage of Chertsey in 1568. 
 
 s 
 
258 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 to the poore, not otherwise hable to doe yt. He 
 was in fine bounde over to the Quarter Sessions on 
 Tuisdaie, being the xx tb of Aprill, when lie, coming 
 before the Justices, his petic'on and complaint 
 coulde not be heard, but rejected, and soe co- 
 maunded to the White Lion in South'arke to putt 
 in suertie to appeare at the next gaole deliverie. 
 This is the sum of his complainte. I am pswaded 
 that the gentlemen, Justices of the Peace, will doe 
 noe ecclesiasticall person wronge nor extremitie, 
 although it was heard that he was putt openlie in 
 the stocks; but bicause I doe not knowe his de- 
 merites, I can saie little in yt, but promised that I 
 woulde write to you in this matter, as heare I nowe 
 doe, praienge you to consider of this cause. And 
 thus I bid yo r worship hartelie well to fare as my- 
 self, From my house at Lambith this last of 
 
 Aprill, 
 
 Yo r lovinge frende, 
 
 Matthew Cantuar. 
 
 To the worshipfull my lovinge frend 
 Mr. More, Justice of the Peace. 
 
 (104.) 
 
 Pecuniary Compensation made by Visitors. 
 
 Mrs. Ursula Worseley (afterwards the wife of the great Sir 
 Francis Walsingham) to Mr. Mills, from Appuldercombe, in 
 the Isle of Wight; makes an arrangement to be communi- 
 cated to Mr. More, previous to a proposed visit to her house, 
 respecting the charges she expects him to defray for keeping 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 259 
 
 of her household : no uncommon practice in this age, as 
 appears by the subsequent letter. 
 
 ffather Mills, after my hartye com en daemons, 
 theis are desieringe you, that when Mr. More and 
 Mr. Cressewell cometh into the He, and as I sup- 
 pose first to yo r house, to have me in remember- 
 ance to them on theis points following, w'ch I trust 
 shall seme bothe reasonable and requisite to be 
 considered of, that is, first to have my chambre fre 
 to mye selfe, allso to have parte of the chardges 
 borne for the keepinge of the howse and the whole 
 familie fro' the deathe of my late husband until 
 this present, and parte of the serv'nts wages due sit 
 this feste of St. Michell, and I trust allso uppon 
 yo r remembraunce, theye will so consider that I 
 shall have a geldinge fre to mye self; theis points 
 I thought hit good to remembere you of, to the 
 intent that through yo' communicac'on had w th 
 them, whose frendshippe I nothinge doubte, theye 
 maie the better throughlie conseder of hit, so that 
 at their cominge hether they maye be the lesse 
 troubled, and the better quieted and contented 
 what ordre soever they shall take in the premisses. 
 Thus, beinge boulde allwaies to troble you, desie- 
 ringe you to make my hartie comendac'ons to my 
 mother Mills, I comitt you to God. From Ap- 
 pledercombe the xv th of Septembre 1565. 
 
 Y r lovinge daughter to comand, 
 
 Ursula Worsley. 
 To the worshippfull and mye approved 
 
 fFreind Mr. Milles geve theis. 
 s2 
 
260 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 ( 105. ) 
 
 Thomas Asteley, from the Court at Farnham, proposes to 
 visit Mr. More. 
 
 Mr. More, now that ye have hadd good time to 
 think of the matter we comuned off, it behoveth 
 me to procure spedie answer from you consarnyng 
 the same, for that the season of the yere crepes 
 fast away that houshold provisio' shuld best be 
 bought at, as ficshe, butter, chees, grayne, wood, 
 and cole, w* suche like, wherfore theas be brefflye 
 to dezier you so instantlye as I may or can so to 
 frend my request as I may think my self behold- 
 yng unto you, and I will not be unthankfull. The 
 number my wiffe must of nesessite have are five w* 
 her selff, ii children th'eldyst five yere of age, a 
 man sVant and a woman s'vant ; and I must have, 
 as (if) I may have leave to come to you, ii s'vants 
 and iii horses. Al this ye must consider off like a 
 frend, and so rate the price accordyng to your good 
 co'sience, as ther be no dout but that wee shall 
 verie well agree, for w* you I wold spend and live 
 more liberally than in manny places ; in any wise 
 reffarr nothing to mee, but co'clude in your lett* 
 your price and determynacion. 
 
 I here ye have rome sufficient besides your new 
 byldyng,* and I will, if you will so have it, fornishe 
 
 * He alludes to a considerable alteration or reconstruction 
 of the mansion at Loseley, between 1562 and 1568. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 261 
 
 holye a chamber for my selff, and a nother for 
 my mayd and childeren, w* beddes, hangings, and 
 all that thear to belongithe. Thus hopinge for 
 your frindly answer I com'it you to God. From 
 the Cort at Farnam this xxv of August. 
 
 Yours to my power, 
 
 Thomas Asteley. 
 To my verie good frend Mr. More 
 
 at his house beside Gilford, this 
 
 be deliv'd. 
 
 (106.) 
 
 Toby Matthew, afterwards Archbishop of York, to Sir William 
 More, respecting a promised visit to Loseley. He was 
 much acquainted with George, the son of Sir William, when 
 both were at the University of Oxford. He had a great in- 
 clination to marry Sir George More's sister, Mrs. Polsted, 
 the widow of Richard Polsted, Esq. but she preferred Sir 
 John Wolley, Latin Secretary to Queen Elizabeth, whom 
 she espoused. 
 
 Sir, 
 If I kepe not promis in coming so soone as was 
 appointed, I praie you let some bodie els then my 
 selfe beare the blame thereof. Manage matters 
 are suche in everie condic'on, that not only mari- 
 engs and buriengs but very christenings also be 
 verie combresome. Mrs. Polstede will not let me 
 departe, with this bearer ; and you knowe, Sir, it 
 standeth me upon especially nowe, not to discon- 
 
262 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 tent her any waie. Suite * is in some sorte a ser- 
 vi tilde j or at least a service. I wolde right gladly 
 tarie at Losely until yo r returne ; but as the sooner 
 I departe and the seldomer I repayer, the better 
 for you and worse for me, so am I nowe in a maner 
 enforced though humbly, yet abruptly, to take this 
 leave, not of my ladie, but of yo r selfe, beseching 
 thus muche further to be beholden as that you will 
 make my dutifull and bounden reme'brance to my 
 good L. of Winton, to whose L. I in particular, o r 
 College in general!, is greatly beholden. The 
 Lorde God spede you ev' well. Stoughton, 9 De- 
 cemb. 1576. 
 
 Yo r worship's bounden and assured to com- 
 'aunde in Christ, 
 
 Tobie Matthew. 
 To the right worshippfull S r Will'm 
 More, knight, my verie good frende. 
 
 ( 107. ) 
 
 ■ 
 
 Simon Trippe, a physician, to Mr. George, afterwards Sir 
 George More, respecting a professional visit he was about to 
 make at Loseley. The letter exhibits the prejudices which 
 physicians of the time entertained for administering or avoid- 
 ing remedies on certain particular days. They much govern- 
 
 * Mr. Matthew's suit was of an amatory nature, therefore 
 not so tedious as FalstafF describes the waiting at Court "for 
 obtaining of suits" to be. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 263 
 
 ing their practice by notions drawn from the absurdities of 
 judicial astrology.* 
 
 Ifius (Jesus). 
 Mr. George More, I am hartely sory for the 
 suspected mischance happened at Losley, but I 
 hope there is more feare than hurt, and yet in 
 these causes good to mistrust the worst. As for 
 my comming to you upon Wensday next, verely 
 my promise being past to an old pacient of mine, 
 a very good gentlewoman, one Mrs. Clerk, w ch 
 
 * We found among the MSS. at Loseley a curious little MS. 
 volume, of a small quarto size, sewed up in a cover of parch- 
 ment, which had formed part of an ancient book of church 
 music. In this book was contained a Latin grammar, a 
 Treatise on Judicial Astrology, various medical receipts and 
 precautions, forms of making last wills and testaments, not 
 omitting that of leaving legacies to religious-houses. It had 
 probably been the manual of duties appertaining to a monk. 
 The writing was the character of the fifteenth century. Of 
 the medical receipts, and the astrological precautions, some 
 of which are assigned to Master Galien (Galen), leche, we 
 give the following specimens : " For all maner of fevers. Take 
 iii drops of a woman's mylke yt norseth a knave childe, and do 
 it in a hennes egge that ys sedentere (sedentary, or sitting), 
 and let hym suppe it up when the evyl takes hym. — For hym 
 that may not slepe. Take and wryte yese words into leves of 
 lether : Ismael ! Ismael ! adjuro te per Angelum Michaelum, 
 ut soporetur homo iste ; and lay this under his bed, so yt he 
 wot not yerof, & use it allway lytell & lytell, as he have nede 
 yerto." Under the head, " Here begyneth y* tvaxinge of ye 
 money and declaryth in dyvers tymes to let blode, tvhiche be 
 gode. In the furste begynynge of the mone it is profetable to 
 yche man to be letten blode : ye ix of the mone, neyther be 
 (by) nyght ne be day, it is not good." In another place : " A 
 
264 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 now lieth in great extremity, I cannot possibly 
 be w th you till Thursday. On Fryday and Sater- 
 day the signe wilbe in the heart, on Sunday, Mon- 
 day, and Tuesday in thestomake, during w ch tyme 
 it wilbe no good dealing w th yowr ordinary phi- 
 sicke untill Wensday come sevenight at the near- 
 est, and from that tyme forwards for 15 or 16 
 dayes passing good. In w'ch time yf it will please 
 you to let me understand of your convenient op- 
 portunity and season, I will not faill to come along 
 presently w th your messenger. Howbeit, yf this 
 turne be not supplied by some other in the meane 
 space, I had rather it should be 2 or 3 days after 
 Michelmas, because now I am utterly unfurnished 
 of horses, and cannot hire any for money, but such 
 jades as will not cary a man 10 miles owt of y e 
 towne w'thout tyring ; and I meane now at Way 
 Hill Faire, w'ch shalbe at Michelmas, to store my- 
 self againe for my owne saddell at the least. And 
 so, praying you to take my just excuse in good 
 
 woman that is borne in the signe Taurus is fayer of lokynge, of 
 semelye and wel schape, and brune of coloure, grete eyen, 
 fayre here, and many sekenes she schall have, and moche 
 schafer (chaffer) for she byes and selles, and she schall have 
 iii hosbonds, and on of them shal dwell with a grete lorde, and 
 she shal have a chihie yat shal be hurte w* fire, or ellys wt hote 
 water, and she shal be besy and studyous in her werkes ; and 
 these ben her stronge poyntes, as it is aforsaid, and over (more- 
 over) on a friday she shal dye of the squynsey." Such in 
 ancient days, as in modern, were the absurdities of those who 
 would be wise beyond God's Providence, and dealt in the 
 witchcraft of the stars ! 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 265 
 
 part, and to remembre my humble comendac'ons 
 to your selfe and all the good company at Thorpe, 
 I commit us to God. Winton, Septemb. 18, 1581. 
 
 Your worships assured lovinge frind, 
 To the woorshipfull my very good SlMON Trippe. 
 
 frinde Mr. George More at 
 
 Thorpe, these be d'd. 
 
 Royal Visits. 
 (108.) 
 
 Sir Anthony Wyngfeld to his friend Mr. More. The Queen has 
 determined to come to Loseley ; he will find the visit a very 
 great " trouble and hinderance;" advises him how to get 
 himself excused from the honour. Queen Elizabeth was 
 certainly several times at Loseley. We may gather from 
 the letters subjoined, once before the year 1577, * in 1583, 
 and again in 1591. 
 
 It may be to lytte you understand that after I 
 had advertysyd my Lord chamberlyne what fewe 
 smal romes and howe unmete yo r howes was for 
 
 * Probably in 1567, as it appears by the subsequent letter 
 of Lord William Howard to the Mayor of Guildford, that her 
 highness was about to come thither that year. The same date 
 may probably be assigned to Wyngfeld's letter. 
 
 After my very hartie comendac'ons, whereas the Quene's 
 matie myndeth to be at the towne of Gilford about the xviijt* 
 daie of this moneth, where she will make her abode by the space 
 of v daies. I have thought good therefore to praie you to 
 shewe me so moche frendshyp as to take for me and to my use 
 some close or pece of grounde wherein is good grasse for x or 
 xii geldings that I have, w'ch have been owte all this somer. 
 I wold have hit to my self only, and no man to put any horse or 
 
266 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 the Queries mat'y, he dyd thys daye send off unto 
 her mat'y, who thereupon determined to go unto 
 the manor hous, and now apone the soudone ys 
 changed, and now is detarmend to come unto yo r 
 hous, and for that ytt shalbe a grete trouboul and 
 a henderanes unto you, I have spoukene w* my 
 lorde Clyntone in youer cause, and he douthe 
 thynke ytt good that you should come and declare 
 unto my lord off Lystere (Leicester) yo r estate, 
 that magystye myte not come unto yo r hous, and 
 thus w* my very herte thankes for my good en- 
 tertaynement, and my like comendasyones, I byde 
 you hartely farewell. From the Courte thys se- 
 cond of August. 
 
 By yo r asseueryd frend, 
 
 Anthony Wyngfeld. 
 To my worshupfull frend Mr. 
 More be thys deleveryd. 
 
 (109.) 
 
 Henry Goringe, Esq. of Burton, in Sussex, to Sir William 
 More. Her Majesty is coming into Sussex, and will lie at 
 
 geldinge besides, and wthall of suche a one as will warraunte 
 my geldinge j and I will geve hym honestly for hit. Yf any 
 man shall com' to take hit from you, I praye you answ*" that hit 
 is taken all ready for me, and hit shalbe sufficient. And I will 
 not faile to requite your frendshipp, w'th any thing that shall 
 laye in me. From Wyndsor the vth of August 1567. I praye 
 you send word of yor doinge herein by this bringer. 
 
 Yor loving frend, 
 " To my very loving frend the Maior W. Howard. 
 
 of the Towne of Guildford." 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 267 
 
 his house. Desires to know what order was taken when her 
 Grace was at Loseley, and if the house were furnished at 
 that time with her Highness's own wine, provisions, &c. 
 
 After my verie hertie comendac'ons unto youe, 
 
 whereas I understande the Quene's Ma tie hath lyen 
 
 at yo r howse, and now jestes (gests # ) is forthe of 
 
 her mat s comminge unto these ptes of Sussex, by 
 
 the which it semethe her gracis meaning is to lye 
 
 at my howse two nights. Thes ar therefor to de- 
 
 syer youe (for old acquayntaunce and frendshipe 
 
 that hath byne and is betwen us, the whiche yt 
 
 pleasethe youe to renew at our metinge, cawsethe 
 
 me to be the bolder to wryte unto youe thes 
 
 few lynes) to be adv'tyssyd what order was 
 
 taken by her Mat s offyeers at that tyme that 
 
 her grace was w th youe, and whether yo r howse 
 
 were furnyshed w th her highnes stufe, wyne, beer, 
 
 and other pvyc'on, or that yo u purveyd for the same 
 
 or any pte thereof. I am altogether unacquaynted 
 
 w th the order, and therefore I make bold of you as 
 
 of my very ffrend to troble youe herein. Thus 
 
 leving youe to the tuic'on of the lyving God, I byd 
 
 youe hartely farwell. From Burton this x th of 
 
 Julye 1577- 
 
 Yo r lovinge ffrend, 
 
 Henry Goringe. 
 
 To the right worshippfull and his 
 very frend S r Will'm More, knight. 
 
 * Gests of the royal progresses were the lists of stages set 
 down to be observed in daily course of the journeying ; several 
 instances of these may be seen in Nichols's Progresses of 
 James the First. 
 
268 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 (109.) 
 
 Sir Christopher Hatton to Sir William More. The Queen is 
 coming to Loseley for four or five days ; he is to see every 
 thing in it well ordered, &c. 
 
 Sr ' 
 
 I pceave by her ma tie that she hath an intention 
 about ten or twelve dayes hence to visite yo r house 
 by Guylforde, and to remayne there some foure or 
 fyve dayes, w ch I thought good to advertise you 
 of, that in the meane whyle you myght see every 
 thinge well ordered, and your house kept sweete 
 and cleane, to receave her hygnes whensoever she 
 shalbe pleased to see it. I have ben hertofore in- 
 formed that you had some sycke of the infectione 
 the last yeare, and of other dangerous diseases of 
 late in it, w'ch is now reported here as a misinfor- 
 mation, and far otherwyse than the brute [bruit] 
 declared, whereupon her ma tie is now the willinger 
 for her recreacio' to spende some fewe dayes there, 
 as you shall more pticularly understande from 
 tyme to tyme, as I shall finde her to contynewe 
 her determynatio'. In the meane whyle, wishinge 
 you all prosperitie and comfort, I comitt you to 
 God Fro' the Court at Otlands the 4 of Aug. 
 1583. 
 
 Yo r very lovinge assured frend, 
 
 Chr. Hatton. 
 
 To the right w'ship 11 my very good 
 frende S r WilTm Moore, knight. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 269 
 
 (ill.) 
 
 The same to the same. The Queen has determined to abridge 
 her intended journey. Will sleep a night at Loseley. Sir 
 William is to make due preparation, and to send away his 
 family. 
 
 Her ma tie fyndynge the could seazon of the 
 yeare to growe on faster than she thought of, is 
 now pleased to abridge the jorney w'ch first her 
 highnes intended. In w'ch respect, she is at this 
 present resolved, uppo' tewsdaye next, w'ch shalbe 
 the xxvij th of this moneth, to dyne at Okynge^ and 
 that night to go to bed to yo r house, w'ch I have 
 thought good to geavyou notice of, to th'endeyou 
 may take order to see it made sweete and meete to 
 receave her ma tie , and that in the meanetymeyou 
 may avoyde yo r famely, and prepare every thinge 
 ready agaynste the daye prefixed as to yo r owne 
 discrete' shall seeme most needefull for her ma tis 
 good contentatio' at her repayre thether. And so 
 I comitt you to God. Fro' the Court at Otlands 
 the xxiiij th of Aug. 1.583. 
 
 Yo r very lovinge assured frende, 
 Chr. Hatton. 
 
 Her Ma tie meaneth not in this jorney that the 
 Sheriffe of the Shere shall attende on her ; neverthe- 
 les, for that I take it she wyll passe through Guyl- 
 ford, it shall not be amisse that yourself, accompa- 
 ned w th Mr. Lyfeild and some oth r gentilme' there 
 
270 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 aboute, doo prepare at that tyme to geav yo r at- 
 tendance there on her ma'tie. 
 
 To the right worshipful, &c. 
 S r W m More, knight. 
 
 (112.) 
 
 Lord Hunsdon to the same. The Queen is determined on a 
 progress to Portsmouth. Will be at Loseley on a certain day. 
 Lord Hunsdon desires to know where she can lie between 
 Sir William's house and Cowdray, &c. 
 
 After my harte comendac'ons, I have thought 
 good to let you understand that her Ma'ty is re- 
 solved to make a progresse this yere as far as 
 Portesmouth, and to begin the same y e 22nd or 23rd 
 of this monthe, and to come by yo r house. She is 
 verie desyrous to go by Petworth and Cowdry, yf 
 yt be possible ; but none of us all can sett her 
 downe anie wher to be at betwene yo r house and 
 Cowdry. x\nd therefore I am to require you that 
 you will set this berer some way for her to passe, 
 and that you will let some one of yo r owne men, 
 who is best acquaintyd w th those wayes, to be his 
 guyde, that he may see whether they be fit for her 
 Ma'tie or noe. And whether yt be best goeing 
 from yo r howse to Petworth and so to Cowdry, or 
 els from yo r howse to Cowdry. And yf you can 
 set her downe anie place betweene yo r howse and 
 Cowdry that may serve for one night, you shall do 
 her a great pleasure, and she will take it very thank- 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 271 
 
 fullie at yo r hands. But I have thought good to 
 let you understand that, though she cannot passe 
 by Cowdry to Petworth, yet she will assuredlie 
 come to yo r howse, and so towards Portsmouth 
 such other waye as shall be sett downe to her, and 
 therfore I pray yo' advertize me by this berar of 
 yo r full knowledge and opinion therein. And so 
 I commit you to God. In hast this x th of Julii 
 1591. Yo r lovinge ffrende, 
 
 J. Hunsdon. 
 To y e right worshipfull my verie 
 
 loving ffrende S r William Moore, 
 
 knight, theis. 
 
 (113.) 
 
 Draft by Sir William More of his Answer to the preceding. 
 A visit of Edward VI. to Cowdray House, in Sussex, inci- 
 dentally noticed. 
 
 With remembrance of my dewtie unto yo r ho- 
 norable Lordship. Understand inge by yo r letters 
 her Ma ts good pleasure in purposinge to visite my 
 poore house, I am most hartelie glade thereof, and 
 accompte myselfe infinitly bounde to her highnes 
 favo r therin. And whereas yo r Lo. doth require 
 to be adv tised from me of some fitte place be- 
 twene my howse and Cowdray for her Ma'tie to 
 lodge in one nighte, yt maie please you to under- 
 stande that ther is not anie convenient howse for 
 that purpose standinge neare the way from my 
 howse towardes Petworth or Cowdrey. Onlie ther 
 
272 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 is a little howse of Mr. Lawrence Elliott's distant 
 three miles from myne, # the direct waie towards 
 either of the said plac's and w th in tenne miles of 
 Petworth and eleaven of Cowdrav, to w'ch howse 
 I directed Mr. Constable by a servaunt of myne, 
 who hath viewed the same and canne make reporte 
 to yo' Lo. thereof. From thence ther is another, 
 the like howse, in Shillinglie,-f~ of one Bonner's, 
 distant five myles the direct way to Petworth, and 
 about a myle out of the waie to Cowdrey, where 
 KingEdwarde dyned in his waye from Guildford 
 Parke to Cowdrey. 
 Indorsed, u To the Lord Cham- 
 
 berlyn, concerning her Mat s 
 
 visit 1591." 
 
 Purveyance for the Royal Household. 
 (114.) 
 
 By this paper it appears that the provisions necessary for the 
 Royal Houshold were taken up in counties adjoining to the 
 Court, at a stipulated price, sanctioned by the Lords of the 
 Council. The justices of peace directed the quota to be 
 supplied by individuals in their districts ; and the requisi- 
 tion, it will be seen, was peremptory. 
 
 Extract from articles of agreement and composition 
 had and made the iiijth day of Aprill, a xxxv to Elizabeth, 
 betwene the right honorable the Lordes of her Mat s most 
 honorable P'vie Councell, being authorized by commission 
 
 * Busbridge near Godalming. 
 
 f Now the seat of the Earl of Winterton. At that period it 
 belonged to the Earl of Arundel ; and Bonner was probably 
 his tenant. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 273 
 
 for that purpose on the behalf of her Ma'tie, and the wor- 
 ship 11 George Moore, Robarte Livesay, and Edmund Bow- 
 yer, on the other partye, beinge authorized to compounde 
 and conclude for the deliverye of certen provisions to- 
 wardes th'expences of her Mat s moste honorable howse 
 oute of the countye of Surrey, as hereafter followeth : 
 
 Ferste, that one hundreth fatte and greate veales of 
 th'age of vi weekes and uppwardes shalbe delivered at the 
 cowrt gate, as followeth, viz. xxvi t0 Aprilisxv, xiiij to Maii 
 xxx, xvi t0 Maii xxv, xiiij t0 Septembris xxx, all at vi s vtii d 
 the peece. 
 
 Item, that tenne good flitches of bacon, without ga- 
 mondes, to be deliv'ede at the Courte gate uppon Good 
 Fridaie at xii d the peece. 
 
 Item, that fiftie fatte and good lambes shalbe deliverde 
 at the Corte gate, viz. p : mo Maii xxv, and xx in0 Maii xxv, 
 at xii d the peece. 
 
 Item, that xvi d. (doz.) capons, at iiij s the d., x d. 
 hennes at ii s the d., xxx d. pullets, at xviij d the d., v d. 
 geese, at iiij s the d., and c. d. chickins, at xii cl d. shalbe 
 delivered at London or ellsewhere uppon ane monethes 
 warninge given to the compounders, or to any two jus- 
 tices of peece of the said sheire. 
 
 Item, that redie money shalbe paied for the said veales, 
 bacon, lambes, and poultere, ymmedyaltie uppon the re- 
 ceipte of the same. 
 
 It'm, if anye pson or psons inhabitinge w th in the saide 
 sheire shall wilfullye refuse to paie and contribute to- 
 wardes theise provisions, of composic'on w ch shalbe rated 
 by the justices of peace of the said sheire, or the more 
 p'te of them, that then, uppon certificat thereof from 
 them to theire honors, a pursevante shalbe sent downe to 
 aprehend and bringe before theire honnors all such psons 
 so refusinge, to answere theire contempte. 
 
 T 
 
274 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 Item, yt shalbe lawfull at anye time for the said sheire, 
 havinge served this composition aforesaide one whole 
 yeare, to breake the same at theire pleasures, uppon halfe 
 a yere's warninge given from the justices of peace, and 
 compounders for the saide sheire, unto the officers of her 
 Mat's Greenecloth, and so likewise on the behalf of her 
 Ma'tie. 
 
 Jo. PlJCKERINGE, W. BuRGHLEY, C. HOWARD, 
 J. HUNSDON, T. BUCKEHURST, J. FORTESCUE. 
 
 (115.) 
 
 The Earl of Leicester, as Lord Steward of the Household, to 
 the Justices of Surrey, concerning the abuses perpetrated 
 by the Purveyors of Provisions for the Court. 
 
 After my verie hartie comendac'ons, the Queen's 
 most excellent Maty having an especiall care y* 
 hir good and loving subjects shuld not be grieved, 
 injuried, and wronged by y e lewd dealings of any 
 her ministers, and now namely, purveyors, who of 
 longe time (as it is supposed) under pretence of 
 her Mat s Comission, have abused their office, con- 
 trary to y e lawes of the Realme in y* case pvided. 
 And forasmuch as it hath pleased her Ma'ty to 
 call me to the place of Lord Steward w th in her 
 most honorable howse, and to give me speciall 
 charge (as a principall offic r , unto whom the re- 
 formacon of such abuses doth chiefly appteyne) to 
 have care herof, I am therfore hartily to praye 
 you and ev'y of you yt at yo r next assembly and 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 275 
 
 meeting togither, you make diligent serche and in- 
 quire, as well of all disorders and misdemeano* 
 committed by any purvey 1 " or caryer of comission 
 for any pvision for the service of her Ma ts howse, 
 as also what somes of money any pson or psons can 
 clayme by bill, taile (tally), or debenture, for any 
 ^visions whatsoev', from the xv tb year of riir most 
 gracious raigne untill this pnt tyme, but most espe- 
 cially for theis fower years past, y* not only seve- 
 rity of punishm't may be used upon the offendors, 
 to the good example of others, but also y* all psons 
 having specialties as aforesaid to make demand for 
 money due for pvisions so taken and not payd for, 
 may make their repaire or true certificat before me 
 and other her officers of the Greencloth, where the 
 matter shall be duly examyned, to y e better satis- 
 ffacc'on of all those unto whom any such somes of 
 money shall appere to be due. And for y t the dis- 
 order of purveyors hath ben long tyme complayned 
 of, and y* I wish rather a clear extinguish m* of 
 them for the ease of the Country, then w* severity 
 still to punish such offendors assorted in an evili 
 custom of misdemeano r : as her Ma'ty herself, of 
 hir own most gracious inclinac'on towards all her 
 loving subjects, is desirous to ease them of those 
 takers and purveyors, if her howse might otherwise 
 be pvided for, as for my pte, through yo r good in- 
 dustrie and care, I thinke it may be ; so will I also 
 adde my best endeavour therein, if y* some two or 
 three of you doe repair before me and the rest of 
 
 t 2 
 
276 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 the Greenclotli, to offer such reasonable service 
 unto her Ma'ty (by way of composic'on) of pvisions 
 as yo r Countrey doth best yeeld ; where, I doubt 
 not, but upon such conference as we shall have to- 
 gether, we shall grow to some such good agreement 
 as shall tend as well to her subjects' great quietnes 
 and to hir owne more agreable service w* you and 
 my also great contentac'on. Thus praying you to 
 have especiall care of the p'misses, and to use what 
 expedic'on conveniently may be therin, I bidd you 
 hartily farewell. From the Court, this last of Ja- 
 nuary 1587. 
 
 Y r verie loving frend, 
 
 R. Leycester. 
 To my very loving frends the high 
 
 Sheriff and Justices of Peace of 
 
 the County of Surrey. 
 
 ( U6.) 
 
 Henry Sledd, Queen Elizabeth's fishmonger, to Sir William 
 More : wishes to buy some carp out of his pond at Loseley 
 for the Queen's table. 
 
 Right worshippfull, my dutie remembered, 
 wherein I understand by one pson, a carryar 
 knowen to y r worship, that you have certain carpe 
 w ch you wolde make sale of, w ch if it please you I 
 will gladly buy yf they will serve my torne. And 
 thatisthis, scantlinge xiiij inches, xvand xvi inches, 
 beinge well fyshed, I will geve your worship xii d a 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 277 
 
 pece one w* another, and for above xv inches xvj d a 
 pece to xvii and xviii inches, and for above xviii 
 inches xviii d a pece. The firste of them, all charges 
 received, will stand me in xvia [each] at the least 
 before I shall have them home. And yf it please 
 you to shewe yo r ponde and fetche your fyshe 
 home to yo r howse, I will send downe my tonnes 
 unto you y* yo r w. maye have one of them to carry 
 the fyshe home to your howse. And upon sighte 
 of yo r fyshe, yf I see they be more worthe then I 
 have before sett downe I will mend the pryce. But 
 in any wyse I wolde have the greatest and best to 
 serve her majestie w^ll, althoughe I pay the mor 
 for them. I wolde gladly have them the weeke 
 after twelf daye, wherof I crave your worship's 
 answere, and so I humbly take my leave. London, 
 this xxi of December 1581. 
 
 Yo r worshipps to com'aund, 
 
 Henrie Sledd. 
 I have sent yo r w. by this bearer a firkin of no 
 worse oysters than I serve her ma tie w th all. 
 
 The Plague. 
 
 So accustomed were the people to the recurrence of 
 this dreadful scourge, that a belief was common among 
 them that it returned to visit them every twenty years. In 
 the visitation in 1665, known as the Great Plague, which 
 we may cursorily notice, these apprehensions were in- 
 creased by the pretenders to astrology, who disseminated 
 
278 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 an opinion, which was listened to by the multitude with 
 much credulity, that the disease originated from conjunc- 
 tions of the planets. One of these seers, John Gadbury, 
 who wrote a tract on the Great Plague in 1665, (a copy 
 of which is in the British Museum,) says that the true 
 causes of the plague are to be found no where but in the 
 heavens ; that astrologers with good reason affirm that all 
 popular diseases are irritated by Mars and Saturn. He 
 then cites instances of great conjunctions of the planets, 
 terrible comets, eclipses, and other phenomena, producing 
 plague. 
 
 The plague was an acute, epidemical, contagious, and 
 raging fever, generally destroying life within four or five 
 days. It was accompanied with tumours, or small red 
 spots like flea-bites, which latter were peculiarly called 
 the tokens. 
 
 Some of the regulations adopted with a view to pre- 
 venting the spreading of the plague must rather have 
 promoted its destructive effects; for no sooner was one 
 person in a house taken ill of the disorder, than the whole 
 of its inmates were shut up in it ; a guard placed at their 
 door, who was the only person through whom they could 
 obtain the necessaries of life ; the portal was marked with 
 a large red cross, and over it the inscription, " Lord have 
 mercy upon us" truly, indeed, applicable to their hopeless 
 situation, when, in immediate contiguity to the dying and 
 the dead, they were left in dumb despair to expect their 
 own summons from the destroying angel of the pestilence. 
 
 We have seen in the possession of the intelligent anti- 
 quary, Mr. Lemon, whom we have before had occasion to 
 notice, an original plague bill, or return of deaths by this 
 disorder, intituled, " London's Lord have mercy upon us. 
 A true relation of the plagues or visitations in London, with 
 the number of all the deceased that were buried, viz. the 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 2*/9 
 
 first in the year of Elizabeth, anno 1592 ; the second in the 
 year 1603; the third in the never to be forgotten year 
 1625; the fourth, anno 1630; the fifth, this now present 
 visitation, 1636, which the Lord of his mercy deliver 
 London and England from." The bill is headed by a 
 curious woodcut, representing the open fields, into which 
 bodies in coffins or in shrouds are brought out for inter- 
 ment. A waggon appears in the foreground, employed as 
 a funeral car. The angel of the Lord is represented in 
 the clouds over the east end of St. Paul's cathedral, dis- 
 playing in one hand a flaming sword, in the other a 
 scourge composed of numerous lashes. A "bare-ribb'd 
 death" in the foreground brandishes a huge dart, and 
 shews an hourglass, in a triumphant attitude, as he exults 
 •n the enlargement of his empire. 
 
 (117.) 
 
 Charles Howard, Earl of Nottingham, to Sir William More, 
 and his son George More, Esq. as Justices of Surrey. Pre- 
 cautions to be used against the Plague, the Queen having 
 determined to reside in the county the most part of the 
 summer. We select this from various notices of the above 
 disorder occurring in the MSS.* 
 
 After my very hartye comendations, whereas 
 her ma tie hathe determyned to make her resydence 
 
 * We will briefly recapitulate a few of the remainder. A 
 petition from the inhabitants of Guildford, dated 17th Septem- 
 ber, 1563, begging him to cause that the fair at Catherine Hill 
 should be stayed on account of contagion. This, it appears, 
 by a letter from Cecil, inclosing the Queen's official letters 
 
280 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS'. 
 
 w th in the Countye of Sun*' duringe the most pte of 
 this som r , and hath comaunded me to signifie unto 
 you that her highenes pleasure is, that you upon re- 
 ceyte heareof forthewyth gyve order and direction 
 unto ail maiors, balyfes^ constables, headborowes, 
 and other officers to whom it may aperteyne \x v m 
 yo r division that they and ev'ye of them in hir 
 ma tie ' s name charge and comaunde the Inhabitants 
 #*in their severali offices and lymytes not to re- 
 ceyve-any childe borne in London, the suburbes 
 and confynes thereto adjoinynge, to be norced in 
 any of their houses, nor any Inhabitantes w*in the 
 sayd places to come to make their dwelling, aboode, 
 or sorjoniynge w^iin their houses or tenements 
 hereafter, duringe the tvme of such contagious in- 
 
 was granted with some difficulty. The fair was procured "Y 
 charter dated the 2d of Edward II. to the founder of the 
 chapel on Catherine Hill, Richard de Wauncey, Rector of St. 
 Nicholas, Guildford, to be held yearly on the feast of St. 
 Matthew. The chapel itself is now a picturesque ruin. 
 
 A letter from the Lords of the Council to the Sheriff and 
 Justices of Surrey, dated 15th November, 1574, forbidding 
 them to allow the people to resort to plays and shews at that 
 time of contagion. This resolution must have been principally 
 levelled at the theatres and bear-gardens on the Bankside, 
 Southwark. 
 
 In 1592, R. Sothebie writes to Sir William More that the 
 Law Term was kept at Hertford on account of the plague, and 
 that lodgings in that town were in consequence so scarce that 
 5/. the week had been offered for a chamber, and none to be 
 had. This sickness is noticed by Stow in his " Summarie," 
 who says that there was no Mayor's feast that year by reason 
 of the infection. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 28 L 
 
 fection and sicknes, upon payne of imprisonment 
 and hir ma tie " s grevous displeisure. And also yf 
 any houses or places w^iin their sayd offices or 
 lymytes be at this instant infected or suspected of 
 infection, that you cause suche care to be had as 
 they may be pvided of suche necessaryes as the 
 pties infected may not have cause to straye abrode 
 for their releyfe, or other their necessarye bu- 
 sy nes to be don elswher, to the greate hurte of 
 other places now free. And thus, not doubtinge 
 of yo r vigilante care and spedye delygence herein, 
 do bydde you most hartelye farewell. From my 
 house at Haylinge, this first of May 1593. 
 Yourelovinge frynde, 
 
 C. Howard. 
 To his lovinge fryndes S r Will'm 
 
 More, knighte, and m r George 
 
 More, Esquyer, Justices of hir 
 
 ma tie ' s peace wHn the Countye 
 
 of Surrye gyve these. 
 
 The Armada. 
 
 What a crisis for England's Monarch and England's 
 Church was the year 1588 ! The unquenchable light of 
 the Gospel Religion, cherished by its mild disciple Edward 
 VI. and obstructed by the sanguinary bigotry of Mary, 
 had again burst forth with overpowering effulgence under 
 the auspices of her successor Elizabeth, that truly English 
 lion-hearted Queen. Confident in the goodness of her 
 
282 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 cause, secure in the love of her Protestant People, she 
 despised, crushed, and dissipated, by the force of her po- 
 litical character,, all treasons secret or avowed, and held on 
 her royal course of government in that unruffled firmness 
 and self-possession, through cloud or sun-shine, well ex- 
 pressed by her favourite motto, Semper eadem. The regi- 
 cidal plans of Babington, sanctioned and approved by 
 Mary the Scottish Queen, had been discovered and ex- 
 piated on the scaffold. Mary herself, the rallying point of 
 these machinations, by a policy apparently severe, were 
 it not always to be considered that between her life 
 and Elizabeth's there was no real alternative, had also 
 suffered the extreme penalty of state treason.* Elizabeth 
 had by these measures " scotched " the hydra serpent of 
 dark and cruel superstition, ei not killed it." The Pope, the 
 Duke of Parma, Philip of Spain, and the Duke of Guise, 
 
 * Speaking of the plans for invading England and murdering 
 Elizabeth, Miss Aikin says, " Babington entered into both 
 plots with eagerness, but he suggested that so essential part of 
 the action as the assassination of the Queen ought not to be 
 trusted to one adventurer, and he lost no time in associating 
 five others in the vow of Savage, himself undertaking the part 
 of setting free the captive Mary. With her he had previously 
 been in correspondence, having frequently taken charge of 
 transmitting to her by secret channels her letters from France, 
 and he immediately imparted to her this new design for her 
 restoration to liberty and advancement to the English throne. 
 There is full evidence that Mary approved it in all its parts, 
 that in several successive letters she gave Babington counsels 
 or directions relative to its execution, and that she promised to 
 the perpetrators of the murder of Elizabeth every regard which it 
 should hereafter be in her power to bestow." — Memoirs of the 
 Court of Queen Elizabeth, vol. ii. p. 167. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 283 
 
 concerted at one blow to subjugate the English nation and 
 dethrone the Queen. 
 
 During five years had preparation been making in the 
 ports of Spain, and of the Spanish Netherlands, for the 
 outfit of that expedition, which for its overwhelming cha- 
 racter had been styled by the self-erected temporal High 
 Vicar of Christianity on earth, the Invincible Armada ; 
 a fleet of one hundred and thirty ships, the aggregate bur- 
 then of which was about 160,000 tons, conveying an army 
 of thirty-two thousand men, provisioned and appointed 
 with a due proportion of warlike stores and ammunition, 
 and contrary to the custom of civilized warfare, with imple- 
 ments for the torture of the heretical English. Don 
 Alonzo Perez de Guzman, Duke of Medina Sidonia, Knight 
 of the Order of the Golden Fleece, commanded this for- 
 midable expedition. The Prince of Parma in the Spanish 
 Netherlands, prepared that part of the fleet destined to 
 convey the cavalry, an arrangement dictated by the short- 
 ness of the distance between England and the Flemish 
 coast ; flat-bottomed boats for carrying horses over the 
 shallows, and landing them on the shore, casks, piles, and 
 planks for floating bridges, and all the ordnance materiel 
 of a great army, were collected under his direction. Nor 
 were the spiritual thunders of the Vatican silent on this 
 occasion, formidable when backed by such u infallible ar- 
 tillery." Sixtus Quintus, the Pope, sent Cardinal Allen 
 into the Netherlands, an Englishman whom the University 
 of Oxford, like the sun warming the venomous adder, at an 
 earlier period had nurtured for a bad cause, and who now 
 became the Pope's superintendent for ecclesiastical matters 
 in England ; through him was fulminated sentence of ex- 
 communication against Elizabeth, of deposition from her 
 throne, and absolution declared to all her subjects from their 
 
284 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 allegiance.* To complete the malicious absurdity of these 
 spiritual denunciations for secular ends, a crusade was pub- 
 lished against the Protestant Queen and her subjects, as 
 in earlier times against Turks and Infidels. 
 
 Elizabeth was unappalled by these demonstrations ; she 
 looked in firm and humble reliance towards Him 
 
 " Whose red right arm reduces kings to dust, 
 And strikes the sceptre from the tyrant's hand," 
 
 and His protection she invoked by solemn public prayer 
 and humiliation. Her bold and active spirit saw, however, 
 that these supplications were but the preliminary means to 
 sanctify her active courage. She was to go forth against the 
 Philistine of Rome with a stone and a sling, but she knew 
 that stone and that sling must be wielded, and that Provi- 
 dence would do the rest. Through all her kingdom 
 sounded " dreadful note of preparation ;" " fire answered 
 fire " from England's beacon-crowned hills. The yeoman 
 took his bow, the hedger his bill from the rafters of his 
 hut, the caliver was given to the dexterous youth — all was 
 discipline, courage, and union in the cause of God, of Coun- 
 try, and the rightful inheritance of — 
 
 * How just and comprehensive an abstract has Shakspeare 
 given us of the spirit and decrees of these insolent unhallowed 
 instruments ! 
 
 " Then by the lawful power that I have, 
 
 Thou shalt stand curs'd and excommunicate ; 
 And blessed shall he be that doth revolt 
 From his allegiance to an heretic ; 
 And meritorious shall that hand be called, 
 Canonized and worshipped as a saint, 
 That takes away, by any secret course 
 Thy hateful life," 
 
 King John, Act iii. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 285 
 
 x€ This royal throne of kings, this scepter'd isle, 
 This precious stone set in the silver sea, 
 * * * * * 
 
 This blessed plot, this earth, this realm, this England!" 
 
 Elizabeth chose for her High Admiral at this juncture 
 Charles Howard, Baron of Effingham in Surrey, afterwards 
 created Earl of Nottingham ; he had been educated to a 
 seafaring life, and was the son of a distinguished naval 
 commander * Drake was her Vice-Admiral. To Lord 
 Henry Seymour, son of the Protector Somerset, was as- 
 signed the task of watching the movements of the Prince of 
 Parma on the Belgic coast. Robert Dudley, Earl of Lei- 
 cester was her Lieutenant- General by land,f she assuming 
 
 * Of Lord William Howard, created Baron Effingham and 
 Lord High Admiral by Queen Mary, in the first year of her 
 reign. He^was soon after, by special commission, constituted 
 Lieutenant -General and Commander in Chief of her royal 
 army. His services to the Queen in Wyatt's Rebellion have 
 already been noticed, p. 128, He was sent for the purpose of 
 escorting Philip of Spain to the English shores, when he was on 
 his way to celebrate his nuptials with the Queen. He fell in 
 with the Prince's fleet of 160 sail in the Channel, the Spanish 
 Admiral bearing his nation's colours at the main-top. Howard, 
 who knew what belonged to the maritime rights and dignity of 
 England, and had an English spirit to assert them, received the 
 Spanish Admiral with a shot, and obliged him to lower his co- 
 lours to the ensign of St. George, before he would pay any com- 
 pliments to the Prince of Spain. 
 
 f The provision for the land defence was two armies, one of 
 23,000 men, under the command of the Earl of Leicester ; the 
 other of 36,000, under Lord Hunsdon, which last was considered 
 asthe ArmyRoyal, or Queen's BodyGuard. She inspected Leices- 
 ter's army, encamped on the rising ground near the Church at 
 Tilbury, in Essex, riding down the lines, with a marshal's 
 
286 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 the supreme military command in her Person Royal. Some 
 negociations for peace were set on foot by Spain, the 
 
 truncheon in her hand, the sword of state carried before her 
 by the Earl of Ormond. The reader will not perhaps be dis- 
 pleased at finding, in this place, the following copy of an 
 original letter of Leicester, penned a few days previous to this 
 occasion ; which has been before, but less correctly, printed by 
 Lord Hardwicke, in the Miscellaneous State Papers from 1501 
 to 1726, vol. i. p. 575. 
 
 " My most dere and gratious Lady! Hit is most trew that 
 these enymies that approch your kingdome and person ar 
 your undeserved foes, and beinge so, hatinge you for a righteous 
 cause, ther is the less fear to be had of their mallyce or their 
 forces, for ther is a most just God, that beholdeth the innocency 
 of your hart ; and the cause you ar assayled for is his, and his 
 Churches, and he never fayled any that faythfully do put their 
 chiefe trust in his goodness. He hath, to comfort you withal, 
 geven you great and mighty meanes to defend yourself, which 
 meanes I dowbt not but your Majesty will tymely and princely 
 use them, and your good God, that ruleth all, will assist you 
 and bless you with vyctory. 
 
 Hyt doth much rejoyce me to find by your letters your 
 noble disposicion, as well in present gathering your forces, as 
 in imploying your owne person in this daungerous action. And 
 bycause it pleaseth your Majesty to aske my advyce touching 
 your army, and to aquaint me with your secrett determynacion 
 for your person, I wyll plainly, and according to my pore kno- 
 Iedge, delyver my opinion to you. For your army, hit ys more 
 than tyme it were gathered and about you, or so nere you, as 
 you may have the use of hit uppon fev/ houres warning : the 
 reason ys, that your mighty enymies ar at hand, and yf God 
 suffer them to pass by your flete, you ar sure they wyll attempt 
 their purpose in landing with all expedition. And albeyt your 
 navye be very strong, yet, as we have always hard, the other ys 
 not only farr greater, but their forces of men much beyond yours; 
 elles were yt in vayn for them to bring only a navye provyded 
 to kepe the sea ; but so furnyshed as they both kepe the seas 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 28/ 
 
 better to gain time for perfecting the measures for pros- 
 trating England, as she had lain five centuries before, at 
 
 with strength sufficient, and to land such a power as may gyve 
 battell to any prince ; as no dowbt, if the Prince of Parma com 
 fourth, their forces by sea shall not only be greatly augmented, 
 but his pouer to land shuld the easilyer take effect, whearsoever 
 he wyll attempt ; therefore yt ys most requysytt for your Ma- 
 jesty to be provided for all events, of as great a force every 
 way as you can devyse. For there ys no dalyaunce at such a 
 tyme, nor with such an enymye. You shall hazard your owne 
 honor, beside your person and countrey, and must offend your 
 gracious God, that gave you these forces and pouer, and wyll 
 not use them whan ye shulde. Now for the placing of your 
 army, no dowbt but I thinke about London the metest, for 
 my none parte, and suppose others wylbe of the same minde ; 
 and that your Majesty doe furthwith give the charge therof to 
 som spetyall nobleman about you, and lykewyse to place all 
 your chefe offycers, that every man may know what he shall 
 doe, and gather as many good horses, above all things, as you 
 can, and the oldest, best, and assuredst captens to lead; for 
 therin wyll consist the greatest hope of good success, under 
 God. And as sone as your army ys assembled, that they be, 
 by and by, exersised, every man to know his weapon ; and 
 that ther be all other things prepared in readynes for your 
 army, as yf they shuld march uppon a day's warning • spe- 
 tyally cariages, and a comyssary of vyttells, and your master 
 of ordnance. Of these things, but for your Majesty's comand- 
 ment, others can say more than I, and partly ther ys orders 
 alredy sett douen. 
 
 Now fcr your person, being the most deinty and sacred 
 thing w r e have in this world to care for, much more for advyce 
 to be geven in the direction of yt, a man must tremble whan 
 he thinks of yt ; spetyally finding your Majesty to have that 
 princely courage to transport yourself to your utmost confines 
 of your realme, to mete your enymyes, and to defend your sub- 
 jectes. I can not, most dere Queene, consent to that, for uppon 
 
288 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 " the proud foot of a conqueror." These of course had 
 no effect, accordant with their ostensible purpose, and on 
 
 your well doing consists all, and somme for your bole kingdome, 
 and therfore preserve that above all ; yet wyll I not that, in 
 some sort, so princely and so rare a magnanymytye shuld not 
 appere to your people and the world, as yt ys. And thus far, yf 
 yt please your Majesty, you may doe, to draw yourself to your 
 howse at Havering, and your army being about London, as 
 Stratford, East Ham, Hackney, and the vyllages thereabout, 
 shalbe always not only a defence, but a reddy suplye to these 
 countreys, Essex and Kent, yf need be ; and, in the meane 
 tyme, your Majesty, to comfort this army, and people of both 
 these countreys, may, yf yt please you, spend two or three days 
 to se both the camp and forts. Hyt ys not above fourteen 
 miles, at most, from Havering, and a very convenyent place for 
 your Majesty to lye in by the way, and to rest you at the camp. 
 I trust you wylbe pleased with your pore Lyvetenant's cabyn ; 
 and within a myle ther ys a gentleman's howse, where your 
 Majesty may also lye. You shall comfort not only these thou- 
 sands, but many more that shall hear of yt. And thus farr, but 
 no furder, can I consent to adventure your person. And by 
 the grace of God, ther can be no daunger in this, though the 
 enymye shuld pass by your flete. But your Majesty may, 
 without dishonor, retorn to your owne forces, being but at 
 hand ; and you may have two thousand horse well to be lodged 
 at Romford, and other vyllages near Havering, and your foote- 
 men to lodge nere London. 
 
 Lastly, for myself, I se, most gracious Lady, you know 
 what wyll most comfort a faythfull servaunt ; for there ys no- 
 thing in this world I take that joye in, that I doe in your good 
 favour, and yt ys no smal favour to send to your pore servaunt 
 thus to vyssett him. I can yeld no recompence but the lyke 
 sacrifyce I owe to God, which ys a thankful hart, and humbly, 
 next my soule to him, to offer bodey, lyfe, and all, to do you 
 acceptable servyce ; and so wyll pray to that God, not only for 
 present vyctory over all your enymyes, but longest lyfe, to se 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 289 
 
 the 29th of May* 1588, the Spanish Armada set sail from 
 their rendezvous, before the Castle of Belem at the mouth 
 of the Tagus. They were beaten back by adverse wind, 
 and but for a sudden change of its direction would have 
 been assailed on their own coast by the gallant Lord of 
 Effingham. He with excellent judgment hastened to the 
 English coast to avoid the chance of the Spanish Fleet 
 passing by him, and falling on it unprotected. He re- 
 turned therefore to Plymouth Harbour. 
 
 We shall not in this note particularly enter into the de- 
 tails of the several actions which took place in sight of the 
 English or French shores, as our ships hung on the rear 
 of the huge crescent into which the Armada was formed, 
 extending seven miles from horn to horn. As a novel 
 mode of describing this defeat we shall recapitulate the 
 positions and circumstances of the opposing fleets, as they 
 are laid down in a set of maps descriptive of the approach 
 and retreat of the Armada, published immediately after the 
 
 the ende of al those that wysh you evyll, and make me so 
 
 happie as to doe you som servyce. From Gravesend reddy 
 
 to goe to your pore but most wylling soldyers, this Saturday, 
 
 the 27th July. 
 
 Your Mates moost faythfull 
 
 and ever obedyent servaunt, 
 
 R. Leycester. 
 
 '* I have taken the best order I can possible with the Lyve- 
 
 tenaunts of Kent, to be present at Dover themselves, and to 
 
 kepe there three or four thousand men, to suply my Lord Ad- 
 
 myrall, if he com thether, and with any thinge elles that there 
 
 ys to be had. I wysh ther might be some quantity of more 
 
 powder to lye in Dover for all needs." 
 
 * A copy of the pamphlet, intituled, " Orders set downe by 
 
 the Duke of Medina, Lord General of the King's Fleet, to be 
 
 observed in the voyage towards England," &c. being a transla- 
 
 U 
 
290 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 event.* Chart 1 st. Shews the invading fleet in a compact 
 crescent, the horns converging eastward, by the scale 
 twenty-five miles off the Lizard Point in Cornwall, a light 
 vessel stationed off Fowey Harbour is making a signal by 
 gun-fire of its apjyroach. This was on the 20th of July 
 1588; when the fleet was first descried by the captain of a 
 roving vessel, Thomas Fleming. Another vessel in advance 
 of the Spanish fleet takes up the signal, sails towards Ply- 
 mouth Harbour, and repeats it by the discharge of agunwhen 
 off the Ram Head. The wind is marked on the chart as 
 two points southward of the west.f The Spaniards of course 
 run down the Channel right before the gale. No direction 
 of wind could therefore be more favourable to them or 
 likely calculated to detain the English Admiral herme- 
 tically locked in Plymouth Harbour, and thus to neu- 
 tralize his force. But we shall see how his naval tact 
 turned this adverse circumstance to account, by Chart 
 2d, which shews his fleet towed out of the harbour. 
 He himself lent a helping hand, thus encouraging his 
 men by personal example to the labour, then taking 
 
 tion, printed in 1588, of the Spanish original, is extant at Lose- 
 ley. These articles are curious, and shew the naval discipline 
 of the Spaniards at the period : they have been reprinted in the 
 Harleian Miscellany. They are authenticated as made in the 
 Galleon Sainct Martin, at the road of Bellini, the 28th of May 
 1588. This was Sidonia's ship. Among the directions for ac- 
 tion is the following, <; that every ship shall carry two boates 
 laden of stones, to throw in the time of fight on the decke, fore- 
 castle or toppes." 
 
 * " Expeditionis Hispanorum in Anglia vera descriptio, 
 A.D. 1588, Roberto Adamo, Authore." Royal Library, British 
 Museum. 
 
 f The nautical reader will excuse us if we should err in 
 technicalities. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 291 
 
 advantage of the tide, he beat up to windward unper- 
 ceived under the shore, as far as Fowey, thus ingeniously 
 getting in the rear of the Spaniards, and gaining what 
 is called by seamen the weather gage, that is, the advantage 
 of the wind, he was thus enabled to assault his enemy and 
 draw off at pleasure. Nelson's manoeuvre at the battle 
 of the Nile was not more masterly than this. Howard's 
 ships are now seen bearing down on the heavy Spanish 
 galleons, and raking them from stem to stern. 
 
 Chart 3d. Shews the invincible Armada broken and di- 
 vided, one horn of the crescent about twelve miles south 
 of the Ram Head, the other horn clustered in a confused 
 mass about fifteen miles from the Start Point. 
 
 Chart 4th. Again they have rallied into the crescent 
 form fifteen miles south of the Start. Plymouth, Sal- 
 combe, and Dartmouth are sending out ships to reinforce 
 the English fleet. 
 
 Chart 5th. The Armada still in a crescent, Sidmouth 
 bearing north about twenty-four miles from its extreme 
 horn. The Berry Point or Head N. W. nineteen miles. 
 The crescent has now assumed a straiter line ; the English 
 fleet are engaging its rear and north flank about four miles 
 off the Bill of Portland. Vessels are coming out of Tor- 
 bay, Painton, and Exmouth to support them. 
 
 Chart 6th. The fleets are still engaged off the Bill of 
 Portland. The Armada have re-formed the crescent and 
 are chased by the English fleet in four divisions when 
 twenty miles off the western extremity of Wight. 
 
 Chart 7th. The four divisions engage, the Spaniard 
 Dun nose, Isle of Wight, bearing north about fifteen miles. 
 Chart 8th. The fleets now approach the Sussex coast ; 
 the Spanish fleet is still in the crescent form twenty miles 
 South of Beachy Head, the English chase them as before 
 in four divisions. Numerous vessels from Portsmouth, 
 St. Helen's, Little Hampton, Shoreham, New Haven, Pe- 
 er 2 
 
292 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 vensey Bay, Rye, Dover, Sandwich, Deal, Walmer, and 
 the back of the Goodwin Sands, are under sail to join the 
 English. The Spanish fleet are now seen in a cluster close 
 upon the French coast off Calais, where they anchored, 
 The English about a league half in their rear. 
 
 Chart 9th. Exhibits them in the same position, the 
 wind still a little southerly of west. Eight fire-ships are 
 now seen bearing down upon the Spaniards, having run 
 between them and the French coast, thus gaining the wea- 
 ther gage. These fire-ships are said to have been devised 
 by the Queen. They were dispatched at two o'clock on 
 the morning of the 28 th of July. 
 
 Chart 10th. The wind has shifted to the southward, the 
 Armada in the crescent form, the larboard horn ten miles 
 distant from the Goodwin. The English vessels hotly 
 engage them. A large Spanish vessel, pursued by English 
 boats, takes shelter under the batteries of Calais, which 
 fire upon the boats. This literally graphic description 
 concludes with one general view of the course of the Spa- 
 niards from their appearance off the Lizard to their retreat 
 by the North of the Orkney Isles. They now encountered 
 the anger of the elements. A portion of the fleet intending 
 to touch at Cape Clear in Ireland, with a view of procuring 
 water, of which they were much in wantj was wrecked 
 upon the Irish shores. Of the hundred and thirty ships 
 which had sailed from Lisbon, only fifty-three returned to 
 Spain. 
 
 In that part of their course encircling the British shores, 
 they had sailed about 1,200 miles u the water walled bul- 
 wark of our isle," by the spirit of the Queen, the courage 
 and union of her subjects in a glorious common cause, un- 
 hurt. Thus a noble example of unshaken confidence in a 
 just cause was bequeathed to Englishmen under all future 
 public dangers threatening her constitution and monarchy. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 293 
 
 The Queen and her people gratefully acknowledged the 
 protecting hand of Providence, and the medal commemo- 
 rating the defeat of the Armada bore the pointed and 
 pious sentence, " Afnavit Deus, et dissipantur." 
 
 Notes from various Documents preserved at Loseley, of 
 precautionary measures and preparations of defence 
 against the Spanish Invasion. 
 
 Under the first head was the committing of all recu- 
 sants to safe custody : " Insomuch as diverse of them 
 most obstinantlie have refused to come to the church to 
 praiers and divine service, for which respects, being so 
 addicted, yt is hardlie adventured to repose that trust in 
 them which is to be looked for in other good subjects ; 
 and it is also certaine that such as should meane to~ in- 
 vaide the Realme, would never attempt the same but 
 upon hope which the fugitives and rebels abroad doe give 
 and assure them of those badde members that allreadie 
 are knowne to be recusants, it is therefore thought meet, 
 in these doubtful times, they should be looked unto and 
 restrained, as they shall neither be able to give assistaunce 
 to the ennemye, nor that the enymye should have any 
 hope of relief and succor of them." The most obstinate 
 and noted persons were therefore to be committed to 
 prison " for their safe keeping 5 the reste that were of value 
 and not so obstinate, to be referred to the custodie of 
 some ecclesiastical persons, and other gentlemen well 
 affected, to remaine at the charges of the recusants, in 
 
294 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 such sorte as they may be forthcoming, and kept from 
 intelligence one with the other."* 
 
 By a previous mandate, the Council had directed that 
 such persons should be " unfurnished of their armour." 
 The Justices of Surrey were directed, " at one selfe same 
 time, to be agreed on between them, to repair in person, 
 with as great secrecy as possible, to the houses of the 
 principal recusants within the county, there to demand 
 and seize such armourf and weapons as they might find ;" 
 among which "jacks, and all privy coats," were to be 
 comprehended ; leaving with them, notwithstanding, such 
 due proportion only of bows, arrows, and blackbills, as 
 might seem necessary for the defence of their houses. 
 They were also to make inquiry and certify, without par- 
 tiality, of the yearly revenue of all such persons. Depots 
 of powder, match, &c. were established in the principal 
 towns of maritime counties. Beacons were to be esta- 
 blished, and well watched, especially those in the mari- 
 time parts. Sir Francis Walsingham seems to have di- 
 rected the military measures adopted at this juncture. 
 Under his signature were issued orders for putting in 
 strength the powers of the realm. All able persons were 
 to be mustered and trained, under skilful muster-masters, 
 to marching and the use of weapons. Pioneers were to 
 throw up defensive works at landing-places; shot, i. e. 
 musqueteers, were to be sent on horseback, though the 
 
 * Letters from the Lords of the Council to the Lord Admi- 
 ral, Lord Lieutenant of Surrey, dated 4th January, 1587-8. 
 
 f A Letter from the Council to the Lord Lieutenant of 
 Surrey, dated 13th April, 1588, directs the armour seized to 
 be sold, for the purpose of supplying a deficiency for furnish- 
 ing the trained bands. The purchase-money was to be paid 
 over to the owners of the armour. 
 
THE L0SELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 295 
 
 horses should be but mean, that they might reach the 
 coast 5 in case of alarm, with the greater expedition. 
 
 The instructions from the Council to the Deputy Lieu- 
 tenants, &c. relative to the musters in Surrey, prescribed 
 that horsemen should especially be supplied for defence 
 of the realm. Every man appointed to keep horses for 
 demi-lances, was to have in readiness for every demi- 
 lance a sufficient horse, or a very large gelding, with a 
 strong leather harness, and a steel or strong bolstered 
 saddle; the arms for the rider were a demi-lance staff, * 
 sword, and dagger. The light horsemen to be armed 
 with a case of pistols. The bands in the county of 
 Surrey reserved for the defence of her highness's own 
 person, were to consist of such persons as would them- 
 selves, or by the aid of their families and friends, bear 
 the charges of training, with the exception that powder 
 was to be supplied them at the expence of the Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 A return was made by each hundred of the county of 
 the name of every person capable of bearing arms, and 
 they were classed under the different arm which they 
 could use. Thus in the return for the parish of Wonersh, 
 in the hundred of Blackheath and Wotton, were enumerat- 
 ed, pikemen selected 6 names, bill-men selected 8, bill-men 
 of the best sort 20, bill-men of the second sort 42, archers 
 selected 10, archers of the best sort 3, archers of the second 
 sort 5, gunners 1 1 . These returns applied, we imagine, to 
 the posse comitatus, or levy en masse. A requisition was sent 
 to the county for a certain number of men, specifying the 
 number required of each weapon. This was answered by 
 a certificate from the local authorities of the number 
 
 * "Affright the welkin with your broken staves!" says 
 Richard III., in the play, to his cavalry. 
 
296 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 raised. The original demand was then abated ; and any 
 deficiency after such abatement was to be supplied. The 
 number of infantry required from Surrey was at first 4000; 
 this proportion was afterwards reduced to 2000 ; shot 400, 
 bows 600, bills 600, corselets (with pikes) 400. Of the 
 shot, the strongest and squarest men were to exercise mus- 
 quets, the least and most nimble harquebuses ;* and the 
 characteristic economy of Walsingham, is evinced in the 
 provision that the training should be performed with the 
 least possible expence of powder .f 
 
 * FalstafF says • " Care I for the limb, the thewes, the sta- 
 ture, bulk, and big assemblance of a man? Here's Wart — (you 
 see what a ragged appearance it is) — he shall charge you and 
 discharge you with the motion of a pewterer's hammer. Come, 
 manage me your caliver. Exceeding good ! O give me always a 
 little, lean, old chapped, bald shot." And Shallow adds to his 
 description of a nimble fusileer, he knew "a little quiver fellow, 
 and he would manage you his piece thus, and would about and 
 about, and come you in rat ! tat ! tat ! would a' say, bounce and 
 away would a' go, and again would a' come. I shall never see 
 such a fellow ! " See Henry IV. Part II. 
 
 t The following curious document shews how well this pro- 
 vident minister had acquainted himself with the minutest de- 
 tails of the subject: 
 
 An Order for the readie and easie trayning of Shott, and the 
 avoyding of great expence and wast of powder. 
 The leaders and captaines who are appointed to instructe 
 and traine them shall cause an holbert to be sett up in the 
 plaine, whereby every shott maie pa?se in that order w'ch the 
 frenche men call l a la Jile,' or as we terme yt in ranke, like 
 wild geese, and so passing by the halbert, to present his piece, 
 and make offer as thoughe he would shoote, and those w'ch 
 doe not behave themselves w'th their pieces as they ought, 
 maye receyve p'ticler instructyon and teaching. This exercise 
 
THE LOSELEV MANUSCRIPTS. 297 
 
 Provost Marshals were appointed for the different 
 counties, with the charge of apprehending all straggling 
 soldiers, mariners, vagrants, and masterless persons. In 
 cases of riot or rebellion, this officer was invested by his 
 warrant from the Crown with the power of summary exe- 
 cution of offenders. The emergency of the state arms the 
 Crown with extended prerogative, as is evinced by the 
 impressing, in time of war, men for the service of the navy. 
 
 Such were the preparations for repelling the foreign 
 invader : a cause in which every true English spirit was 
 bent up to its full height. 
 
 would be used two or three metings at the least for ignorant 
 people, in w'ch time may be discerned those that cannot frame 
 themselves in any likelihood to prove shott, in whose roomes 
 the captains maie require others to be placed who are more 
 apt thereunto. Afterwards to teach them how to hold their 
 peeees, for endaungering themselves and their fellowes, to put 
 in their matches, and to acquainte them w'th false fyers, by 
 priming only the panne, and not charging the piece, w'ch will 
 enure their eye w'th the flashe of fyer, embolden the p'tyes, 
 and make every thing famillyer and ready unto them. Then 
 to geve the piece half his charge, and acquaint them in skyr- 
 mishing wise to come forward and retire orderly againe 
 After to procede to the full charge, and lastly to the bullet, to 
 shoote at a marke, for some tryfle, to be bestowed on him that 
 best deserveth the same. W'th this order and pollecye, men 
 shall in shorter tyme be exercised, and w'th the tenthe p'te of 
 the charge, to the great ease of the cuntrye, and saving of 
 powder, for that in this manner yt is found that two pound of 
 powder will serve one man for the foure daies' exercise of 
 trayning. And a nomber w'ch, by reason of the churlyshenes 
 of their peeces, and not being made acquainted therew'th by 
 degrees, are ever after so discouraged and fearefull, as either 
 they wincke or pull their heads from the peece, whereby they 
 take no p'fect levell, but shoote at random, and so never prove 
 good shottc. Fra. Walsyngham. 
 
298 THE LOSEEEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 (118.) 
 
 Letters under the Signet of Queen Elizabeth to the Lord 
 High Admiral, Lieutenant of Surrey. The Spanish army 
 has put to sea, in order to invade and make a conquest of 
 her Realm. He is to call together the best sort of gentry 
 under his lieutenantcy, to declare to them the emergency of 
 the time, and the preparations necessary instantly to be 
 made. 
 
 By the Queue. 
 To o r right trustie and wel beloved the Lord 
 Howarde, o r Highe Admirall of England, Lieute- 
 nant of o r Countie of Suit', and in his absence to 
 the Deputie Lieutenants of the same. 
 
 Right trustie and well beloved Counsellor we 
 greet yo u well. Wheras heretofore upon the ad- 
 vertisement from time to time from sondrie places 
 of the great pparac'ons of forraine forces, w th a 
 full intenc'on to invade this o r realme, and other o r 
 domynions, we gave o r directions unto vo u for the 
 preparinge of our subjects w th in yo r lieutenacie, to 
 be in aredines and defence againste anie attempte 
 that might be made against us and o r realme, w'ch 
 o r directions we finde so well pformed as we can- 
 not but receive great contentment therbie, both 
 in respect of yo r careful proceedings therein as 
 alsoe of the great willingnes of o r people in gen'all 
 to the accomplishment of that whereunto they 
 were required, shewinge therbie ther great love 
 and loyaltie towardes us, w'ch as we accept moste 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 2.99 
 
 thankfullie at ther handes, acknowledginge o'selves 
 infinitlie bounde to Almightie God in that it 
 hath pleased him to blesse us w th soe lovinge and 
 dutiful! subjects. Soe would we have you make 
 it knowne unto them, forasmuch as we finde the 
 same intenc'on not onlie of invadinge but of mak- 
 inge a conquest also of this o' realme, nowe con- 
 stantlie more and more detected and confirmed 
 as a matter fully resolved on, beinge allreadie an 
 army put to the seas for that purpose, (although 
 we double not but by God's goodnes the same 
 shall prove frustrate,) we have therefore thought 
 meet to will and require you forth w th with as much 
 convenient speed as you maie, to call together at 
 some convenient place or places the best sorte of 
 gent' under yo r lieutenance, and to declare unto 
 them, that, consideringe their great preparac'ons 
 and threatningsnowe burst out in action upon the 
 seas, tendinge to a purposed conqueste, wherin 
 everie man's pticular estate is in the highest de- 
 gree to be towched in respecte of cuntrie, libertie, 
 wief, children, landes, lief, and that which is spe- 
 tiallie to be regarded, for the profession of the true 
 and sincere religion of Christ, we doe looke that 
 the most pte of them should have upon this instant 
 extraordinarie occasion, a larger pporc'on of furni- 
 ture both for horsemen and footmen (but spetiallie 
 horsemen) then hath been certified, therbie to be 
 in ther best strength against anie attempt whatso- 
 
300 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 ever, and to be imploied both about o r ownep'son* 
 and otherwise, as they shall have knowledge given 
 to them, the nomber of w'ch larger pporc'on asson 
 as you shall knowe, we require yo u to signifie to the 
 rest of o r privie counsell. And hereunto as we 
 doubte not but by yo r good endeavo r they wilbe 
 rather conformable, so alsoe we assure o r self that 
 Almightie God will soe blesse ther loyall hartes, 
 borne towards us ther loving sov'ayne and ther 
 naturall cuntrie, that all the attempts of anyeene- 
 myes whatsoever, shalbe made voide and frustrate, 
 to ther confusion, yo r comfort, and God's high 
 glory. Given under o r signett, at o r man nor of 
 Green\v ch , the xviij daye of June 1588, in thexxx th 
 yeare of o r raigne. 
 
 (119.) 
 
 The Council to the Deputy Lieutenants of Surrey. The Spa- 
 nish Fleet is on the seas ; it is doubtful what course they will 
 take or where the landing will be attempted. The forces of 
 the county are to assemble on the beacons being fired. 
 
 After o r hartie comendac'ons. Wheras the Spa- 
 nish Fleet have nowe of late been discovered 
 
 * The Queen by letters under her privy seal, to the Sheriff 
 and Deputy Lieutenants of Surrey, had been pleased to signify 
 that, in consequence of the zeal and alacrity the bands of 
 footmen of that county had exhibited in their training, they 
 should be employed only for the " guard of her person royal." 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 301 
 
 againe on the seas and it is doubtfull what course 
 they maie take, and in what place of the realme 
 they maie attempte to lande. Theis are to give 
 yo' knowledge thereof, to the intent, w th all di- 
 ligence the forces of that county, under the lieu- 
 tenan'cy of o' verie good Lo. the Lo. Admyrall, he 
 directed to come to such place or places as hath 
 bene heretofore thought meet, or as you shall 
 thincke fittest to be in a readines upon the fyeringe 
 of the Beacons, to resorte to impeache such at 
 tempte as the enemye maie make to set on lande 
 his forces in any place, accordinge to such direc- 
 tion as yo u have heretofore received in that behalf. 
 We pray yo u likewise to give spetiale direction for 
 the avoydinge confusion, that noe other psons be 
 suffered to assemble together besides the ordinarie 
 bandes, and that good order be given to the 
 watches kepte in every thorowe-faire towne, to stay 
 and apprehend all vagabonds and rogues and other 
 suspected psons, that are like to passe upp and 
 downe to move disorders. And if anie such be 
 found w th anie manifest offence tendinge to stirre 
 troble or rebellion, to cause such to be executed by 
 martiall lawe. And because the greatest doubte 
 is that the enemy will attempt to land in some 
 place of Essex, to w ch place her Ma tie hath sent o r 
 verie good Lo. the Erie of Leycester, Lo. Steward 
 of her Ma ts Howshold, Lieutenant of that County, 
 to have the charge of such an armye as is ap- 
 pointed to encounter w th them there in that county, 
 
302 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 her pleasure is that yo u shall forthw th send into 
 Essex, to the town of Burntwood, the nomber of 
 8 lances ande 99 light horse, to be conducted by 
 such as have the charge of them, to be there the 
 27 th of this monethe, where the said Erie of Lei- 
 cester shall take them in charge. Wherein no- 
 thinge doubtinge but yo u will have that care w ch 
 apptayneth, we bidde yo u hartelie farewell. From 
 the Co't at Richmonde, the 23 of July 1588. 
 Yo r verie lovinge freindes, 
 
 Chr. Hatton. Wm. Burghley. 
 
 Era. Knollys. Fra. Walsingham. 
 
 T. Heneage. Jo. Wolley. 
 
 Furthermore, upon further resoluc'on her Mat s 
 pleasure is that yo u shall send from thence the 
 nomber of 1000 footmen, to be ledd by the captens 
 and officers, to be at Stratford on the Bowe near 
 London, on the border of Essex, by the 29 th of this 
 moneth, and that some spetiall pson maiehave the 
 generall charge to conducte them thither. 
 
 To o r verie lovinge friends Wm 
 Howard, Esquie r , S r Thomas 
 Browne, Sir W m More, S r 
 Frauncis Carewe, Knight, De- 
 putie Lieuten'nts for the Coun- 
 tie of Surrey. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 303 
 
 (120.) 
 
 The Council to the Gentlemen and Captains that have the 
 leading of the infantry out of Surrey. The forces appointed 
 for the guard of her Majesty's person grow to such numbers 
 that they cannot be conveniently victualled and quartered 
 about London. The leaders of the bands from Surrey are 
 ordered to march them back into the county, taking order 
 that they be in readiness to set forward with armour and 
 weapons on a second warning. 
 
 After o r hartie comendac'ons. Wheras you 
 were directed to have the conduction of those 
 companies w ch are sent hither out of the countie 
 of Surrey, forasmuch as the forces w ch are to re- 
 paire hither out of divers other counties of the 
 realme, to furnish those armies w ch her Ma tie hath 
 p'pared as well for the resiting and w th standinge 
 the attempts of the enemie, as for the safe gard 
 and defence of her Mat s person, doth growe to so 
 great nombers as that speedy provision cannot bee 
 made for the victelling of them here, and conve- 
 nient lodginge as so great a number will require, 
 in so short time as was first lymitted by o' l'res for 
 their repaire hither, We have thought good to 
 lett yo u understand y* it is her Ma ts pleasure, and 
 so by vertue hereof doe require yo u uppon sight of 
 theise our l'res, to retourne againe unto the saide 
 countie, w th those forces yo u have brought from 
 them, and that nevertheles order bee taken that 
 they maie bee in good readines w th all their armor 
 and weapon uppon such direction as you shall re- 
 
304 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 ceive from hence uppon a new warninge to repaire 
 hither. Wherin prayinge yo u not to faile, wee bid 
 yo' hartelie farewell. From the Court at St. 
 James, the 8 of August 1588. 
 
 Yo r loving freinds, 
 
 W. BURGHLEY. 
 J. HUNSDON. 
 
 F. Knollys. T. Heneage. 
 
 Fra. Walsyngham. 
 
 J. WOLLEY. 
 
 To o' very loving frends the Gent n 
 and Capitans that have the 
 chardge of the leading and con- 
 ducting the ffootemen that are 
 sent out of the Countye of 
 Surrey. 
 
 (121.) 
 
 The Lord Treasurer Burleigh to Sir William More, relative to 
 her Majesty's intention of bestowing some cost in building on 
 the site of the dissolved friary at Guildford. Shews the at- 
 tention of this great man to the most minute subjects. 
 
 $ r , 17 A ugust 1591. 
 
 This other daie at my being at Guilford, when 
 I vewed the Friorie theare, I made a rude trick 
 thereof, in manner of a platt w th mine own hand, 
 at w ch time a servant of yo rs or Mr. Wolleis beinge 
 present, and being a mason, as I remember, he 
 offered him to mak the same more parfitlie, and to 
 
J A WO J 
 Jo «r_ ) 
 
 YD 
 
 L CT 
 
 Tjje. afytM 
 
 ED 
 
 Specimen, of Swam, Jftcurks , 
 froTrv a, Jiotljtreserved, a^XoseUt/, vtd^J) . SOS. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 305 
 
 bringe or send yt to mee. Since w ch time, havinge 
 not herd from the partie nor knowinge whoe he is, 
 I hertelye praye youe to inquir for him, and if the 
 platt be made by him to send yt to mee, or yf yt 
 be not done to cause him to hasten yt, for that 
 I finde hir Ma tie to continue hir good purpos to 
 bestowe som cost thear. And so I commend mee 
 herlelie to youe. From the Cort at Cowdraie this 
 xvij th of August 1591. 
 
 Yo r vearie loving frend, 
 
 W. BURGHLEY. 
 
 I pray you cause y e height of a spryng to be 
 taken of water being in a corn feld, under a hedge 
 north-est fro' > e Freary house. 
 To the most worsliipfull my verye »- 
 
 lovinge frend S v Will'm Moore, 
 
 knight. 
 
 Office of Master of the Swans for Surrey. 
 
 The following documents relate to the privileges of the above 
 office, to which Sir William More was appointed. An ori- 
 ginal roll of swan-marks has been found among the MSS. 
 The beaks of the swans were notched with stars, chevrons, 
 crosses, the initials of the owners' names, or other devices. 
 Hence some have inferred, with very little reason, when the 
 monstrosities of heraldry are taken into account, that the 
 sign of the swan with two necks implied nothing more than 
 a swan with two nicies, or distinctive notches on its beak. 
 In the roll of swan marks extant at Loseley are given the 
 marks used for the swans of Lord William Howard, Lord 
 Buckhurst, Sir Henry Weston, Francis Carew, Esq. Wil- 
 liam More, Esq. and other principal persons resident in Sur- 
 rey. Also the marks of the Dyers and the Vintners Com- 
 
 X 
 
306 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 panies, who have still, we believe, the honour of being 
 curators of the swans on the river Thames. The same 
 officer who marks the swans for the above civic companies 
 marks them also, at a stipulated payment, for the King. The 
 expenses are about 300/. per annum. 
 
 My very good cosin, I cold not mete you at 
 Horseley, according to my apointment, being, by 
 letters from Sir Robert Cecill, comaunded to 
 assist my Lorde Tressur (Treasurer) about her 
 Ma ties servis at London, w ch held us there til 
 Satterday none. So as that night we were to go 
 to the Court. 
 
 But to satisfy your desier for the swans, I did 
 a good while sins, upon the motion of my Lady 
 Woolley, stay the granting thereof, and received 
 it for you. The old rent of the hole Shere of 
 Surrey is ^10. \0s. So I was to have let it had not 
 your desier have staied it. The body of the Terns 
 running through the Shere is to be excepted, but 
 all the branches ar to pass w*in your graunt. But 
 this order must be kept, that the upping of all 
 those swans, near or w*in the said braunches of 
 Terns, may be upped all in on day w* the upping 
 of the Terns, w ch is referd to Mr. Mailard, of 
 Hampton Courte, who hath the ordering of the 
 Terns. So as if it pleas you from time to time to 
 send and confer w t him (al thinges strictiie kepe in 
 their due course), or if upon occasion you shold 
 not be redy to come unto Mr. Mailard upon his 
 upping day, then Mr. Mailard desiers that you 
 will geve reasonable notice and warning to them 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 307 
 
 what dayes yon will uppe the swans w*in the said 
 branches and then he wil take order accordingly, 
 for otherwise great inconveniens, as he saith, may 
 folowe. If I may understand of your desier to 
 have this graunt of Surrey for the swans, I will 
 send you a draught in paper of the same graunt 
 in suche sorte as al the rest of the Sheres are 
 graunted. And so I wish you hartily wel this 28 
 of July 1593. 
 
 Your very loving cosin and frend, 
 
 T. BUCKEHURST. 
 
 To my very lovinge frend and co- 
 sin Sir William Moore, knight. 
 
 (122.) 
 
 The same to the same. Perquisites of the office of Master of 
 the Swans enumerated. 
 
 My very good cosin, 
 Toching the office of swans in Surrey, I cannot 
 advertis you w*out sight of my boke toching that 
 matter, w'ch is at London, who was the auncient 
 farmer of that Shere, nor whether he held it upon 
 accompt, or for a rent certain, but that the 
 auncient rent was gSlO for the hole shere, that I 
 have a note of w* me in my boke of receit of rents, 
 w'ch I alwaies cary w l me. The profit of that 
 office growes diversiy as by divers bokes and or- 
 ders, as wel printed as written, may apere, w ch if 
 you take the office upon you I wil send you. For 
 
 x2 
 
308 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 all straie swans, all swans unmarked, all wild swans, 
 all tame swans that fly, all swans of felons, owt 
 lawed persons or traitors, and many other, are the 
 master of the swans right. He is also to have 
 xii d for every growne bird and al amercements and 
 penalties that shalbe inflicted for any offens w'ch 
 at any session for swans shalbe set upon them, and 
 many other rights arid benefits belong to the master 
 of the swans, w T 'ch I can not here recite. Besides by 
 the comission under thegreate seale w'ch is alwaies 
 to be granted by the order of the master of the 
 swans and the comissioners also by himself to be 
 named, is that comission that is also autority to 
 conserve the fish of al rivers and waters, and also 
 the fowle in them, and to punish tho offenders in 
 bothe these cases by amercement and otherwise. 
 The benefit of w'ch amersments go also to the 
 master of the game, so as even to name his power 
 to p'tecte flshe and fowle in al rivers and other 
 waters in the Shier where we dwell, is a matter of 
 comoditye unto us. Toching any rent to be paid 
 I wil not for this yere require any but upon ac- 
 compt, to yeld so much, your charges deducted as 
 you shal make. And then your lease must begin 
 from halowtide next, and the rent is paiable but 
 ons a yere, viz. at alhalowtide come twelf month 
 and not before, being xl s , and the leas shalbe that 
 upon a yeres warning you shal leave it, becaus 
 I wil not bind you to your los (but do wish it both 
 pleasure and profit unto you) ; and now, if I may 
 understand from you that you will accept it w* 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 309 
 
 these condic'ons, I wil caus a draught of the leas 
 to be made and sent unto you. And so I wish 
 you hartely wel this 29 of July 1593. Your very 
 loving cosin and assured friend, 
 
 T. BUCKEHURST. 
 
 To my loving frend and cosin S r 
 
 WllTm Moore, knight. 
 
 (123.) 
 
 R. Maylard, the Master of the Swans on the Thames, to Sir 
 William More, as Master of the Swans for Surrey, relative 
 to Upping (now corruptly called Hopping) the Swans within 
 their respective limits on a certain day. The struggles of 
 the swans when caught by their pursuers, and the duckings 
 which the latter received in the contest, made this a diversion 
 with our ancestors of no ordinary interest. 
 
 May it please you, S r , this morning I receved a 
 l're affirmed to come from you, but no name there- 
 unto. Wherin yo' request me to com to Perford 
 to conferr w* yo' touching the upping of swannes, 
 w'ch I wold most gladly pforme, yf I were not 
 throwghe very ernest busynes letted of my pur- 
 pose, fFor to morrowe being Tuysdaie I take my 
 jorney along the river of Thames at Gravesend.* 
 And then uppon the first Mondaie in August I 
 corn westward towards Wyndsor. Wherefore if it 
 maie please yo u to send to my howse to Hampton 
 Court what daies you meane to appointe for 
 driving the river of Weybridge and Molsey, it 
 
 * Many swans were anciently kept below bridge. In an- 
 cient views of the Port of London, they are usually repre- 
 sented as swimming in that part of the river. 
 
310 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 shall suffice, to th'end the gamesters maie have 
 knowledge thereof, that they may attend accord- 
 ingly. I do thinke it wold greatly satisffie them yf 
 yo' did appointe the same upon Tuesday the vh th 
 of August, for upon that day they wilbe at the en- 
 trance of these rivers. And so prainge you to 
 pdon me for my absence at this tyme, I humbly 
 take my leave. Hampton Courte this Mondaie 
 xxx th of July 1593. 
 
 Yo r poore frend to comaunde, 
 
 R. Maylard. 
 To the R. W. Sir W. Moore, knt. 
 at Pirforde. 
 
 (124.) 
 
 Sir Julius Caesar to Sir William More (as keeper of Farnham 
 Park, a demesne of the Bishopric of Winchester). From the 
 subject of this paper it appears that the gentlemen of the 
 Temple drank their wine out of earthen pots. Many of the 
 bottles and drinking vessels of this time were of German ma- 
 nufacture. Wine glasses, which we may infer, from a passage 
 in Shakspeare, were a fashionable luxury, came from the 
 same quarter, and were of the make of what are now called 
 hock glasses. The earthen bottles or pitchers were generally 
 surmounted by a bearded head, probably representing Silenus, 
 a decoration affording a lasting source of allusion for our old 
 dramatists. Their sides were embossed with allegorical 
 figures and moral inscriptions. Of these we have some curious 
 examples in our own possession. 
 
 After my hartie comendac'ons, &c. Wheras in 
 tymes past the bearer hereof hath had out of the 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 311 
 
 parke of Farneham, belonging to the Bishopprick 
 of Winchester, certaine white clay for the making 
 of grene potts usually drunk in by the gentlemen 
 of the Temple. And nowe understandinge of some 
 restraint thereof, and that you (amongst others) 
 are authorized there in divers respects during the 
 vacancye of the said Busshopricke ; my request 
 therefore unto you is, and the rather for that lam 
 a member of the said house, that you would in fa- 
 vo r of us all p'mytt the bearer hereof to digge and 
 carie awaye so muche of the said claye as by him 
 shalbe thought sufficient for the furnishinge of the 
 said house w th grene potts as aforesaid, paying as 
 he hath heretofore for the same. In accomplishes 
 ment whereof myself, w th the whole societie, shall 
 acknowledge o r selves muche beholden unto you, 
 and shalbe readie to requite you at all tymes here- 
 after w th the like pleasure. And so I bid you 
 moste hartelie farewell. Inn r Temple this xix th 
 of August 1594. 
 
 Y r assured freind, 
 
 Jul. Cesar. 
 To the right worshipful S r W'm Moore, 
 knight, geve these. 
 
 (125.) 
 
 John Caryll to Sir William More, enquiring after a hawk by 
 her marks. The Carylls were an ancient Surrey family, 
 whose principal residence was the manor house of Tangley, 
 in Wonersh parish, a homestead from the Saxon times, at this 
 
312 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 day an interesting specimen of Elizabethan architecture, though 
 now a mere farmhouse. Falconry was still in much esteem at 
 the period when this letter was written. Gwillim, in his first 
 edition of his Treatise on Heraldry, recites a number of terms 
 of hawking, in order, he says, that gentlemen when coming to- 
 gether for " that noble recreation and delight," should express 
 themselves properly. Vide Display of Heraldry, p. 237, edit. 
 16S8. 
 
 Right worshipfull, after my hearty comenda- 
 cons, understanding that you have an hawke of 
 myne, these are to desire you to delyver the 
 same to this bearer, who can tell you the markes 
 of her. Thus doyng you shall comand me to 
 pleasure you in the like againe if it shall lie in my 
 power to pfourme the same, as knoweth God, who 
 have you in his keepinge. Scribled in hast from 
 Shipley, this xiii of August. 
 
 Yo r assured frend to my power, 
 
 John Caryll. 
 To the right wor™ 1 S r WylTm 
 Moore, knight, geve these. 
 
 ( 126. ) 
 
 Mr. Wolley (afterwards Sir John Wolley), Latin Secretary to 
 the Council, to his father-in-law, Sir William More. The 
 Council are deliberating about the marriage of the Queen 
 with the Duke of Anjou, a project very unpopular with the 
 English. Relates her conversation relative to him, &c. 
 
 All our menes here arre sett a syde and not 
 once thought upon, by reason of an earnest con- 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 313 
 
 sultation wherupon the counsell sittethe every 
 daye about e the Frenche marriage, as presently e 
 they do now wher I write these l'res, aboute w ch 
 matter having had long speach yesterdaye with 
 her ministers, she fell in speach of yow with greate 
 good liking and comendation, willing me to send 
 you word that she dyd perceyve that wher the 
 yonge sorte of men wanting experience and trust 
 did forgett there dowties, such old servauntes as 
 you are would remember themselves, as she still 
 had and presentlye dyd fynd profe by you, unto 
 whose trust she durst comitt her life. My Lord 
 of Lecester likewise told me, before I spake with 
 her, of the very good opinion she had of yow, 
 w ch he did ever seeke to encrease ! The rest I will 
 tell you at our next meeting. I have receyved 
 1'rs out of Irland, that the rebells have abandoned 
 ther forte, and arre gone into the woddes. These 
 arre all the newes we have. The parliame't ys 
 not yet proroged. The Frenche boke I lefte once 
 with you, of the prince of Oranges declaration 
 to the Estates, I wold fain you brought with you. 
 And so with our dowtifull comendations to you 
 and my ladye, and good M r Knolles, I comitt us 
 all to almighte God. At the Courte the 6th of 
 October 1579. 
 
 Yo r assured loving sonne, 
 
 J. Wolley. 
 To the right worshepfull my very 
 
 good father S r Will'm More, knight, 
 
 this be delivered. 
 
314 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 ( 127. ) 
 
 Secretary Wolley to Sir William More. Requests a grey- 
 hound for the Lord Admiral. 
 
 Sir, I have spoken with M r Secretarye toucheng 
 your sute, who with many good words hath pro- 
 mised to do the best he can, although, as he sayeth, 
 the Quene be for this tyme out of tast, as he term- 
 eth yt, for sutes. He shal be rememberd of yt 
 as occasio maie serve from tyme to tyme. My 
 Lord Admirall hath required me to send unto 
 you for one of yo r grate greyhowndes, w ch be 
 menneth, as I thenk, to bestow upon some greate 
 frend, he ys very loth to begge yt of yow, saving 
 that he sayth he wilbe yo r debter for a better 
 turne. I thenke he meaneth yo r greate whitt 
 greyhownd ; I thenk good yo u shold send yt with 
 as much spede as ye maye. Monsieur ys mutch 
 lokd for heare oute of hand ; I will send you word 
 when I understand more of it. 
 
 This daye was the first daye of my wives going 
 abrode, who was very favorably welcomed of her 
 majesty e, and has byn very well all this daye. 
 
 I have no newes to write unto yow, therefore 
 yelding yow harty thanks for yo r great cortesy, 
 praying you to recom'ed me to my lady and good 
 M r Knolles, with the rest of owrs, I comitt us all 
 
THE L.OSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 315 
 
 to Almighty God. At the Courte the ix October 
 1591. 
 
 Yo r assured loving sonne in law, 
 
 J. Wolley. 
 To the right worshipp 11 my verie good 
 ifather S r Will'm Moore, knighte, at 
 Loseley, geve these. 
 
 ( 128. ) 
 
 Sir Christopher Hatton to Mr. Wolley. He is to take the air 
 to purge himself from the infection of the small pox, before 
 he approaches the Court. 
 
 My good M r Wolley, I have acquaintyd hir 
 Ma te w t yo r nessessitye of dewtyfull absence wher- 
 w th as her highnes is graciouslye satisffyd, soe dothe 
 she advise yo u too be carefuli too avoyde the con- 
 tagion towards yo r selfe and wiffe soe nere as yo u 
 can. Hir H. wold you should remove from that 
 place wher the smalle pocks were, to take the 
 freshe and clere ayre, the better to purge ye from 
 the infection, w ch beynge done (w* convenient 
 leasure and good tyme) ye must retourne at yo r 
 good pleasure. Yo r good state of helthe, together 
 w th y r Dest w iffe, makethe me much more glade 
 then sory for this mischance. Yo u have necessary 
 libertye longe too enjoie yo r owne, w ch lovinge 
 may yo doo, I pray God. Suerlye, Sir, the afFayres 
 have run in soo uncerten a course as I can wright 
 
316 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 yo u nothynge ether of Portugall or of Fraunce. 
 Cambrey is taken, and victualid by Mons r . who 
 hathe likewise put his p'son w* other good forces 
 intoo the towne. I leave the circumstances, for 
 they are too longe too wright ; I pray God they be 
 good, or at lest voyde of evell. The Vicount of 
 Terwyn, w th many brave gentlemen of the religion, 
 are taken prysoners, w* a good number of the same 
 cut in peaces. God blesse yo u and yo r shrew. 
 Hast, this xxvi th of August 1591. 
 
 Yo r trew frend right loving assuered, 
 
 Chr. Hatton. 
 
 ( 129. ) 
 
 Mrs. Wolley from the Court to her father Sir William More. 
 
 Sir, I have sent this berer to bringe me worde 
 how you and all yo rs doth. M r Wolley comendes 
 him to yo u and we wishe us both with ye. There 
 is noe newes to send ye, onlye the Quene goeth 
 no further then Rychmonde, by reason that the 
 mesells and the small pox is so ryfe at Chertsey 
 and at Weyebrydge ; as yett there is no certeyn- 
 tye of the remove. Her ma'tye tould M r Wolley 
 yesternight, that she would this yere com' to ney- 
 ther his house nor yo rs , but the next will see yo u 
 both, w th manye good wordes of yo u and my bro- 
 ther; wee hope verye shortlye to meete yo u at 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 317 
 
 Pyrisford, when the Queene removeth. So, with 
 remembrance of my dutye, prayinge yo u to comend 
 me to all the good companye there, I humbleye 
 take my leave. At the Cort this v th of Septem- 
 ber, 1595. 
 
 Your loving and obedyent daughter, 
 
 Elizabeth Wolley. 
 To the right worshipful my very 
 
 lovinge ffather S r Will m Moore, 
 
 knight, geve these. 
 
 ( 130. ) 
 
 The same to the same. A curious enumeration of various 
 courtier-like attentions which she wished to observe, and of 
 some little characteristic particulars of the Queen. 
 
 Syr, The daye you went from the Courte at 
 night, her Ma'tie dyd enquyre of me for yo u and 
 was sorye, when I tould her that yo u were gon 
 home to your owne howse, that you had so trou- 
 blesome a jorney, w ch if her Ma'tie had knowne 
 you would have taken that nyght, she would have 
 had a lodging provyded for you, beinge lykewyse 
 sorye that she had no longer tyme to entertayne 
 you. Yesternight in the eveninge her Ma'tie went 
 abroade a hawkyinge, and S r Robert Cycill's hawke 
 killed three partriches, w ch he presented the 
 Queen w th , and myself being in place,* her Ma'tie 
 
 * That is, on duty. Lady Wolley was one of the Ladies of her 
 Majesties Privy Chamber. 
 
318 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 gave them me, w th expresse charge that I should 
 send them to yo u this daye against dyner, desyr- 
 ynge you to eatte them for her sake. Since, S r 
 Rob* Cycill begged them of me, w ch I could not 
 deny him of, I have sent this messenger of pur- 
 pose to yo u , praynge yo u to take knowledge of the 
 receypte of the partryches, and to certify yo u of 
 this her Ma'ties greate care of yo u , to the end that 
 you maye, by yo r Tre wrytten to me, take notice of 
 this her highnes' good affec'on to yo u , w ch I would 
 have wrytten somewhat breef, that I maye shewe 
 yt to her Ma'tie. She hath comaunded me to 
 send for my sonne ; notw th standing if yt shall please 
 you to forgett yt, I meane to forgett also to send 
 for him. In the meane tyme I praie yo u to gyve 
 charge that he may practise his Frenche, for feare 
 her Ma tie shall call to me for him agayne. She 
 sayeth she will pose him in his learnynge. I pray 
 yo u therfore to cause Mr. Pyke to see him take 
 paynes between this and then. So praying you 
 to comend me to my brother and the rest of the 
 good companye there, w tb remembrance of my 
 dutye, I humblye take leave. At the Court, this 
 xvi th of September, 1595. 
 
 Yo r loving and obedyent daughter, 
 
 Elizabeth Wolley. 
 To the right worshipfull my very 
 loving ffather, S r Will™ Moore, 
 knight, at Loseley. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 319 
 
 ( 131. ) 
 
 The same to the same. Her Majesty has worn the gown he 
 gave her, &c. 
 
 S r , Yesterdaie I sent Nicke to London to see 
 how yo u did, thinking yo u had taken phisike. I am 
 verie glad to heere you are so well after your long 
 and wearie jerneye, I pray you shorten yt at your 
 next going to London, and lye all night at Piif- 
 ford. Synce my commyng to the Corte I have 
 had manie gratious wordes of her Ma tie , and 
 manye tymes she bad me welcom w th all her hart, 
 evere since I have waited. Yesteidaye she wore 
 the gowne you gave her, and toke therby occa- 
 sion to speake of yo u , sayng er long I should find 
 a. mother-in-lawe, w ch was herself, but she was 
 affray d of the tow wydows that ar ther w th yo u , 
 that they would be angrye w th her for yt, and that 
 she would gyve ten thowsand poundes you were 
 twenty yeeres younger, for that she hath but few 
 suche servauntes as you ar, w tb many mor gratious 
 speeches both of your self and my brother, w ch is 
 too long to write, and thereffor will leave to tell 
 you when we meete. My Lo. Admyrall came to 
 me and bad me welcome w th all his harte, and 
 tould me he had seene you, willing me to comaunde 
 him in any ffriendshippe he can shewe unto me. 
 I thought good at this time to use no further 
 speeches unto him. I went to my Lo. of Buck- 
 
320 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 hurst and gave him humble thanks for his kind 
 usage of yo u , he did assure me he would be a 
 most ffaythfull freind both unto yow and to my- 
 self, sayeing, if he could be assured of my friend- 
 ship, he had rather have yt than any other lady 
 that serves in the place, w ch I did assure him of. 
 My brother is verie much bovvnde and beholding 
 to my Lo. Chamberlen and my La. Warwicke, I 
 will tell you wherfore when I see yo u next. Thus 
 hetherto I have had a good beginning at Cort, 
 and have no doute but to contynew yf frends 
 be constant ; if they ffaile it salbe thorough no 
 desarte of myne, for I will lyve very warilie 
 amongst them. The Queene, as she sayeth, will 
 dine w th my lady Edmonds on Tuesday nexte, and 
 retorne again at night, w ch I can hardlie believe ; 
 if she doe, I meane to wayte uppon her. My Lord 
 Thresorer lyes heere very ill of the goute, and 
 cannot stir hand nor foote, nor feede himself, the 
 goute is so in his hands. I thinke he will not be 
 hable to goe to London this weeke. My Lord 
 Chamberleyn adviseth me to send hym a few par- 
 triches, w ch I knowe not where to gett anye ; yt 
 might please yow to send me som, yf never so 
 ffewe ; about me ther is not anye to be gotten. I 
 minced one myself and: sent him this last night, 
 by the advise of my lord Chamberleyne, \v ch he 
 made his supper of. So humbly preying to com- 
 mend me to my good brother and the rest of my 
 ffreindes there, w t!l remembrance of my dewtye, 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 321 
 
 I comytt us all to God's hollye protection, ffrom 
 the Cort, this Sundaye morninge. 
 
 Yo r loving and obedient daughter, 
 
 Elizabeth Wolley. 
 
 To the right worshipful my very 
 loving ffather, S r William More, 
 knight, at Loseley. 
 
 Original Letters relating to the clandestine marriage of 
 Mr. John Donne, afterwards Dr. Donne, with Ann More 
 of Loseley, 
 
 Ann More, younger daughter of Sir George More, of 
 Loseley House, in Surrey, was born 27th May 1584, and 
 in 1600, her seventeenth year, was married to John Donne, 
 the celebrated scholar, poet, and ultimately divine. 
 
 Donne, an accomplished gentleman by education and 
 travel, twenty-six years of age, and of a handsome person, 
 had attracted the notice of the Keeper of the Great Seal, 
 and Lord High Chancellor of England, Sir Thomas Eger- 
 ton, afterwards Baron Ellesmere, who appointed him his 
 private secretary. 
 
 The Chancellor had married the sister of Sir George 
 More, Elizabeth, widow of Sir John Wolley, of Pirford, 
 both of whom have been noticed as attached to the court 
 of Queen Elizabeth. Ann More, Lady's Wolley 's niece, 
 being on a visit at York House in the Strand, the resi- 
 dence of the Chancellor, became acquainted with Donne, 
 and this acquaintance gave rise to a mutual attachment. 
 Sir George More was apprised of this circumstance, per- 
 haps by his sister ; for women are discerning in matters of 
 this nature. He hastened to remove his daughter from 
 
 Y 
 
322 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 the neighbourhood of the court to his mansion atLoseley; 
 the precaution was too late, on account, says Walton, the 
 biographer of Donne, " of some faithful promises which 
 were so interchangeably passed as never to be violated " 
 by either party. The first of the following letters will be 
 found remarkably to confirm the correctness of this as- 
 sertion. 
 
 The lovers at length found means to contract a marriage 
 clandestinely ; and Henry Earl of Northumberland, the 
 friend and neighbour of Sir George More, undertook, 
 as an act of favour to Donne, with whose merits he was 
 well acquainted, to break the matter to Sir George. 
 
 " This news," says Walton, "was to Sir George so immea- 
 sureably unwelcome, and so transported him as though his 
 passion of anger and consideration might exceed theirs of 
 love and error, that he presently engaged his sister, Lady 
 Ellesmere (he should have said Egerton, as her husband 
 was not yet raised to the peerage,) to join with him to pro- 
 cure her Lord to discharge Mr. Donne from the place 
 which he held under his Lordship ; which he not only 
 did, but committed Donne, Mr. Samuel Brooke, the 
 priest who married him, and Mr. Christopher Brooke, 
 who gave the lady away, to prison. Of the two last-men- 
 mentioned gentlemen, the first had been Donne's fellow 
 student at Cambridge, and was afterwards Master of Tri- 
 nity College, and the last was his chamber-fellow at Lin- 
 coln's Inn. On this occasion it is well known Donne 
 subscribed a letter with his wife, " John Donne, Anne 
 Donne, undone ! " * 
 
 * It is evident from this play on the monosyllable which 
 forms his name, and from several passages in his works, that 
 he was undoubtedly called Dunn, and not according to the 
 ordinary pronunciation of his surname at the present day, Don. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 323 
 
 The inedited letters of Donne in the Loseley MSS. 
 chiefly relate to the romantic passage of his life which we 
 have above detailed, and there is one from Mr. Christo- 
 pher Brooke to the Lord Chancellor Egerton, on the sub- 
 ject of the incarceration to which his share in the matter 
 had subjected him. Donne, with much importunity, pro- 
 cured the liberation of himself and his friends, and re- 
 mained long after in a condition of poverty and depend- 
 ence, pressed by the wants of an increasing family. Sir 
 Francis Wolley, of Pirford, his wife's first cousin, gene- 
 rously supported her and her husband in his own house, 
 and supplied their worldly wants until his death, before 
 which he had effected a reconciliation of them to their 
 offended parent Sir George More. 
 
 Providence, who had destined Donne for His own pecu- 
 liar service, soon after bettered their condition. At the 
 earnest desire of King James he entered into holy orders, 
 for which he had eminently qualified himself by his stu- 
 dies, his learning, and his appreciation of the duties of the 
 sacred office. His wife died in child-bed in 1617, to the 
 inexpressible grief of her husband, leaving to his care 
 seven out of twelve children. He promised them he would 
 never give them a step-mother; which promise, says Wal- 
 ton, he most faithfully kept, " burying with his tears all 
 his earthly joys in his most dear deserving wife's grave, 
 and betook himself to a most retired and solitary life."* 
 
 Indeed, in the sentence of the Ecclesiastical Court confirming 
 his marriage, a copy of which, dated 27th April, 1602, is ex- 
 tant in the Loseley Papers, his name is throughout written 
 Dunn, and in his own letters which follow, the participle done 
 is uniformly spelt d-o-n-n-e. 
 
 * The following copy of his wife's epitaph, in Latin, is 
 among the Loseley MSS. It had, in all probability, been sent 
 
 y2 
 
324 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 The first appearance of Donne out of his own house 
 after the death of his wife, was to preach in his church, 
 St. Clement's in the Strand, where she lay buried. His 
 text was from the Lamentations of the Prophet Jeremiah, 
 " Lo, I am the man that have seen affliction ;" and he 
 begins one of his divine poems with the same strain : — 
 
 " I am the man which have affliction seen, 
 Under the rod of God's wrath having been ! " 
 
 The sight of their reverend pastor, bending but submissive 
 under this severe blow, surrounded by his bereaved 
 family, drew from his auditors showers of sympathizing 
 
 by Donne to Sir George More, who was himself a good clas- 
 sical scholar, for his perusal : 
 
 Annae 
 
 Georgii f More, de ^ filia, 
 
 Robert: J Lothesley, J soror, 
 Willelmi j Equit. \ nept. 
 Christopheri L Aurat. Ipronept . 
 
 Feminae lectissimae, dilectissimaeq' 
 
 Conjugi charissimae, castissimaeq' ; 
 
 Matri piissimae, indulgentissimeeq' 
 
 xv annis in conjugio transactis, 
 
 vii post xiim partum (quorum vii superstant) die, 
 
 immani febre correptse, 
 
 (quod hoc saxum fari jussit 
 
 ipse, prae dolore infans,) 
 
 maritus (miserrimiim dictu) olim charge charus 
 
 cineribus cineres spondet suos, 
 
 novo matriraonio (annuat Deus) hoc loco sociandos, 
 
 Johannes Donne, 
 
 Sacr: Theolog: Profess. 
 
 Secessit 
 
 Ao xxxiii aetat. et sui Jesu 
 
 CIODCXVII. 
 
 Aug. xv. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 325 
 
 tears. His solemn engagements, however, as the minister 
 of Christ, were sufficient to recall his spirit to its duties ; 
 strengthened by the hope of that ff exceeding weight of 
 glory" which was to compensate the comparatively " light 
 afflictions of the moment." 
 
 The King, who knew how to esteem a sincerely pious 
 and honest man, when he could find one, and who feared 
 that this blow would undermine Donne's health and 
 shorten his life, appointed him to attend on the Lord Hay, 
 his ambassador to the Princes of Germany, with a view 
 of dissipating his grief by travel. 
 
 He returned, his sorrow alleviated, and his health im- 
 proved, and was shortly afterwards invested by the King 
 with the deanery of St. Paul's. 
 
 His Majesty commanded him to wait on him at his 
 dinner hour on a certain day ; and before he sat down to 
 table, said pleasantly to him, " Dr. Donne, I have invited 
 you to dinner, and although you sit not down with me, yet 
 I will carve for you of a dish that I know you love well : 
 for knowing you love London, I do therefore make you 
 Dean of Paul's ; and when I have dined, then do you 
 take your beloved dish home to your study, say grace there 
 to yourself, and much good may it do you ! "* 
 
 Donne continued in the zealous and conscientious dis- 
 charge of his duties until 30th March 1631, when he ex- 
 pired of a lingering disease, in the sixtieth year of his 
 age, having been ten years Dean of St. Paul's. 
 
 The prose compositions of Donne exhibit great depth 
 and originality of thought, clothed in forcible and appro- 
 priate expression. Traces of the energies of his mind will 
 be observed in the letters which follow. 
 
 His poetry abounds with figures suggested by an imagi- 
 nation of the brightest class ; but it is greatly deteriorated, 
 
 * Walton. 
 
326 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 and rendered perhaps altogether unpalatable to the reader 
 of the modern school, by the vice of his day, the sedulous 
 pursuit of far-fetched quaint conceits. One of the most 
 remarkable productions of his pen is his " Biadavaros ; a de- 
 claration of that paradox or thesis, that self-homicide is 
 not so naturally a sin that it may never be otherwise." It 
 was published during the Civil Wars by his son, who says 
 in the dedication to Philip Lord Herbert, that " it was 
 written long since by his father, forbid both the press and 
 the fire, but he could find no way of defending it from the 
 one but by committing it to the other ; for since the be- 
 ginning of the war his study had been often searched, and 
 all his books, and almost his brains sequestered, by their 
 continual alarums, for the use of the Committee; two 
 dangers seemed to impend over his father's MS. — either 
 that it should be utterly lost, or published and fathered by 
 one of those wild atheists; who, as if they came into the 
 world by conquest, own all other men's wits, and are re- 
 solved to be learned in spite of their stars." This treatise 
 is replete with learning and research, but it appears only 
 adapted for the perusal of persons of well fortified under- 
 standing; with others it might be misconstrued into a jus- 
 tification of that crime against which the Almighty " has 
 set his canon." Donne was doubtless aware of this danger, 
 and therefore forbore to give it to the world. He had 
 much of the enthusiast in his temperament, but it was 
 attempered by solid sense. 
 
 The literary man's beloved meed, to outlive in fame the 
 narrow span of this stage of existence, had a powerful 
 influence over him, and he had not the affectation to dis- 
 guise it. But a few days before his death he consented 
 to put off all his clothes, to be attired in his winding-sheet, 
 and standing on an urn of wood made for the purpose, to 
 be delineated by an artist in this position, with a view to 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 327 
 
 forming a correct sepulchral effigy of him, according to the 
 fashion of the day. If we recollect rightly, this very mo- 
 nument is among some few which, in a fractured state, 
 have survived the ruin of old St. Paul's, and is preserved 
 in the crypt underneath the present church. 
 
 Donne's letters in the Loseley MSS. are sealed with the 
 crest of his family, a sheaf of snakes. On taking orders he 
 is said to have exchanged this device for one of his own 
 imagining, Christ fixed to an anchor instead of a cross : 
 with this he caused several seals to be engraved, which he 
 circulated as presents among his friends. In allusion to 
 this circumstance, he wrote a copy of Latin Verses, headed, 
 " To Mr. George Herbert, sent him with one of 
 my seals of the anchor and Christ. A sheaf of 
 snakes used heretofore to be my seal, which is 
 the crest of my poor family." 
 The Latin verses begin, 
 
 Qui prius assuetus serpentum fasce tabellas 
 Signare (hsec nostrae symbola parva domus). 
 
 and the English paraphrase of them, 
 
 Adopted in God's family, and so 
 Our old coat lost, unto new arms I go, 
 The cross (my seal at baptism) spread below, 
 Does by that form into an anchor grow. 
 
 One of the seals is here represented from Gent. Mag. 1807. 
 
 In a letter to his friend, Sir Henry Wotton, Provost of 
 Eton, also extant among the Loseley MSS. without date, 
 but written after the death of his wife, and his elevation to 
 the Deanery of St. PauFs, he alters his former mode of 
 subscription to that of 
 
 fyc/* <Vi/v*i frXAAs (fr^^i'X *<*ks~' 
 
 hc?m^ 
 
328 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 ( 132. ) 
 
 Mr. Donne to Sir George More. 
 
 s r , 
 
 If a very respective feare of yo r displeasure, 
 and a doubt that my L. whom I know owt of yo- 
 worthiness to love yo w much, would be so com- 
 passionate w th yo w as to add his anger to yo rs , did 
 not so much increase my sicknes as that I cannot 
 stir, I had taken the boldnes to have donne the 
 office of this letter by wayting upon yo w myself 
 to have given yo w truthe and clearnes of this 
 matter between yo r daughter and me, and to show 
 to yo w plainly the limits of o r fault, by w ch I know 
 yo r wisdome wyll proportion the punishm*. So 
 long since as her being at York House this had 
 foundac'on, and so much then of promise and 
 contract built upon yt as w th owt violence to con- 
 science might not be shaken. At her lyeng in 
 town this last ParliamS I found meanes to see her 
 twice or thrice. We both knew the obligac'ons 
 that lay upon us, and we adventurd equally, and 
 about three weeks before Christmas we married a 
 And as at the doinge, there were not usd above 
 fyve persons, of w ch I protest to yo w by my salva- 
 tion, there was not one that had any dependence 
 or relation to yo w , so in all the passage of it did 
 I forbear to use any suche person, who by further- 
 inge of yt might violate any trust or duty towards 
 yo w . The reasons why I did not foreacquaint yo w 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 329 
 
 w th it (to deale w th the same plainnes that I have 
 usd) were these. I knew my p'sent estate lesse 
 then fitt for her, I knew (yet I knew not why) that 
 I stood not right in yo r opinion. I knew that to 
 have given any intimac'on of yt had been to im- 
 possibilitate the whole matt r . And then having 
 these honest purposes in o r harts, and those fetters 
 in o r consciences, me thinks we should be par- 
 doned, if o r fault be but this, that wee did not, by 
 fore-revealinge of yt, consent to o r hindrance and 
 torment. S r , I acknowledge my fault to be so 
 great, as I dare scarse offer any other prayer to 
 yo w in myne own behalf then this, to beleeve this 
 truthe, that I neyth r had dishonest end nor 
 meanes. But for her whom I tender much more 
 then my fortunes or lyfe (els I woould I might 
 neyth r joy in this lyfe, nor enjoy the next), I 
 humbly beg of yo w that she may not to her dan- 
 ger feele the terror of yo r sodaine anger. I know 
 this letter shall find yo w full of passion ; but I 
 know no passion can alter yo r reason and wisdome, 
 to w ch I adventure to com'end these particuiers ; 
 that yt is irremediably donne ; that if yo w incense 
 my L. yo w destroy her and me ; that yt is easye 
 to give us happines, and that my endevors and 
 industrie, if it please yo w to prosper them, may 
 soone make me somewhat worthyer of her. If 
 any take the advantage of yo r displeasure against 
 me, and fill yo w with ill thoughts of me, my com- 
 fort is, that yo w know that fayth and thanks are 
 
330 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 due to them onely, that speak when theyr infor- 
 mac'ons might do good ; w'ch now yt cannot work 
 towards any party. For my excuse I can say no- 
 thing, except I knew what were sayd to yo w . S r , 
 I have truly told yo w this matt r , and I humbly be- 
 seeche yo w so to deale in y* as the persuasions of 
 Nature, Reason, Wisdome, and Christianity shall 
 inform yo w ; and to accept the vowes of one 
 whom yo w may now rayse or scatter, w ch are that 
 as my love ys directed unchangeably upon her, so 
 all my labors shall concur to her contentment, 
 and to show my humble obedience to yo r self. 
 Yo rs in all duty and humblenes, 
 
 J. Donne. 
 
 From my lodginge by y e Savoy, 
 
 2°Februa: 1601. 
 To the right wor. S r George 
 More, k*. 
 
 (133.) 
 
 The same to the same. 
 
 The inward accusacons in my conscience, that 
 I have offended yo' beyond any ability of redeem- 
 ing yt by me, and the feeling of my Lord's heavy 
 displeasure followyng yt, forceth me to wright, 
 though I know my fault make my l'rs very un- 
 gracious to yo w . Allmighty God, whom I call to 
 witnesse that all my griefe ys that I have in this 
 manner offended yo w and him, direct yo w to be- 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 331 
 
 leeve that w ch owt of an humble and afflicted hart 
 I now wright to yo w . And since we have no 
 meanes to move God, when he wyll not hear o r 
 prayers, to hear them, but by prayeng, I humbly 
 beseech yo w to allow by his gracious example, my 
 penitence so good entertainm't, as yt may have a 
 beeliefe and a pittie. Of nothinge in this one 
 fault that I hear sayd to me, can I disculpe my- 
 selfe, but of the contemptuous and despightfull 
 purpose towards yo w , w ch I hear ys surmised against 
 me. But for my dutifull regard to my late lady, 
 for my religion, and for my lyfe, I refer my selfe 
 to them that may have observed them. I humbly 
 beseech yo w to take of these waytes, and to put 
 my fault into the balance alone, as yt was donne 
 w th out the addicon of these yll reports, and 
 though then yt wyll be to heavy for me, yett 
 then yt wyll less grieve yo w to pardon yt. 
 How litle and how short the comfort and pleasure 
 of destroyeng ys, I know yo r wisdome and reli- 
 gion informs yo w . And though perchance yo w 
 intend not utter destruction, yett the way through 
 w ch I fall towards yt is so^headlong, that beeing 
 thus push'd, I shall soone be at bottome, for yt 
 pleaseth God, from whom I acknowledge the 
 punishm't to be just, to accompany my other ylls 
 with so much sicknes as I have no refuge but 
 that of mercy, w ch I beg of him, my L., and yo w , 
 w ch I hope yo w wyll not repent to have afforded 
 me, since all my endevors, and the whole course 
 
332 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 of my lyfe shal be bent, to make my selfe worthy 
 of y r favor and her love, whose peace of con- 
 science and quiett I know must be much wounded 
 and violenced if yo r displeasure sever us. I can 
 p'sent nothing to yo r thoughts w ch yo w knew not 
 before, but my submission, my repentance, and 
 my harty desire to do any thing satisfactory to 
 your just displeasure. Of w h I beseech yo w to 
 make a charitable use and construction. From 
 the Fleete, 11° Febr. 1601. 
 
 Yo rs in all faythfull duty and obedience, 
 
 J. Donne. 
 
 To the right wor. Sir Geo. 
 More, kt. 
 
 ( 134. ) 
 
 Mr. Donne to the Lord Keeper Sir Thomas Egerton. 
 
 To excuse my offence, or so much to resist the 
 just punishm* for ytt, as to move yo r Lp to w tb - 
 draw y tfc , I thoughte till now were to aggravate 
 my fault. But since yt hath pleasd God to joyne 
 w th yo w in punishing thereof w th increasing my 
 sicknes, and that he gives me now audience by 
 prayer, yt emboldneth me also to address my 
 humble request to yo r Lp, that yo w would admit 
 into yo r favorable considerac'on how farr my in- 
 tentions were from doing dishonor to yo r L'ps 
 house ; and how unable I am to escape utter and 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 333 
 
 present destruction, if yo r L'p judge onely the 
 effect and deede. My services never had so 
 much worthe in them, as to deserve the favors, 
 wherw th they were payd. But they had alwayes 
 so much honesty, as that onely this hath staynd 
 them. Yo r justice hath been mercifull in making 
 me know my offence, and yt hath much profited 
 me that I am dejected. Since then I ame so in- 
 tirely yo rs that even yo r disfavors have wrought 
 good upon me ; I humbly beseeche yo w that all 
 my good may proceed from yo r L'p. And that 
 since Sir George More, whom I leave no humble 
 way unsought to regaine, referrs all to yo r L'p, 
 yo w would be pleasd to lessen that correction w ch 
 yo r just wisdome hath destind for me, and so to 
 pitty my sicknes and other misery, as shall best 
 agree w th yo r honorable disposition. Allmighty 
 God accompany all yo r L'ps purposes, and bless 
 yo w and y rs w th many good dayes. Fleet, 12° Febr. 
 1601. 
 
 Yo r L'ps most dejected and 
 poore servant, 
 
 J. Donne. 
 To the right honorable my very 
 
 good L. and Master S r Thomas 
 
 Egerton, knight, L. keeper of 
 
 the great Seale of England. 
 
334 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 ( 135. ) 
 
 Mr. Donne to Sir George More. 
 
 From yo w , to whom next to God I shall owe my 
 health, by enjoyeng by yo r mediac'on this mild 
 change of imprisonm*, I desire to derive all my 
 good fortune and content in this world ; and 
 therefore w th my most unfeyned thanks, p'sent to 
 yo w my humble petic'on, that yo w would be pleasd 
 to hope, that as that fault w ch was layd to me of 
 having deceivd some gentlewomen before, and 
 that of loving a corrupt religion, are vanishd and 
 smoakd away (as I assure myself owt of theyr 
 weaknes they are), and that as the devyll in the 
 article of o r death takes the advantage of o r weak- 
 nes and fear, to aggravate o r sinns to o r con- 
 science, so some uncharitable malice hath pre- 
 sented my debts doble at least. How many of the 
 imputac'ons layd upon me would fall of, if I might 
 shake and purge myself in y r p r sence. But if that 
 were donne, of this offence committed to yo w I 
 cannot acquit myself, of w ch yet I hope that 
 God (to whom for that I hartily direct many 
 prayers) wyll informe yo w to make that use, that 
 as of evyll manners good lawes growe, so owt of 
 disobedience and boldnes yo w wyll take occasion 
 to show mercy and tendernes. And when yt shall 
 please God to soften yo r hart so much towards us, 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 335 
 
 as to pardon us, I beseech yo w allso to undertake 
 that charitable office of being my mediator to my 
 L., whom as upon yo r just complaint yo w found 
 full of justice, I doubt not but yo w shall also find 
 full of mercy, for so ys the Almighty pattern of 
 Justice and Mercy equally full of bothe. My 
 conscience and such affection as in my conscience 
 becomes an honest man, emboldneth me to make 
 one request more, w ch ys, that by some kind and 
 comfortablejnessage yo w would be pleas'd to give 
 some ease of the afflictions w ch I know yo r daugh- 
 ter in her mind suffers, and that (if yt be not 
 against y r other purposes) I may with y r leave 
 wright to her, for w*howt yo r leave I wyll never 
 attempt any thing concerning her. God so have 
 mercy upon me, as I am unchangeably resolved 
 to bend all my courses to make me fitt for her, 
 w ch if God and my L: and yo w be pleased to 
 strengthen, I hope neyther my debts w ch I can 
 easily order nor any thing els shall interrupt. All- 
 mighty God keepe yo w in his favor, and restore 
 me to his and yo rs . From my chamber, whether by 
 yo r favor I ame come, 13° Feb. 1601. 
 
 J. Donne. 
 To the right worp 11 (worshipful) 
 Sir George More, knight. 
 
336 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS, 
 
 (136.) 
 
 Mr. Donne to Lord Keeper Egerton. 
 
 Onely in that coyne, wherin they that delight 
 to do benefitts and good turnes for the works sake 
 love to be payd, ame I riche, w ch ys thankfull- 
 nes, w ch I humbly and abundantly p'sent to yo r 
 L'p. Beseeching yo w to give such way and en- 
 tertainm* to this vertu of mercy, w ch ys all ways in 
 yo w , and allwayes awake, that y* may so soften 
 yo w , that as yt hath wrought for me the best of 
 blessings, w ch ys this way to health, so yt may 
 give my mind her cheife comfort, w ch ys yo r par- 
 don for my bold and p'sumtuous offence. All- 
 mighty God be allwayes so w th yo w in this world, 
 as yow may be sure to be w th him in the next. 
 
 13feb. 1601. 
 Y r L'ps poore and repentant servant, 
 
 J. Donne. 
 
 To the right honorable my very, 
 good L. and Master S r Thomas 
 Egerton, knight, L, Keeper of 
 the great Seale of England. 
 
 (137.) 
 
 Mr. Christopher Brooke, who gave Anne More away on her 
 clandestine marriage, to the Lord Keeper Egerton, by whom 
 he had been committed to the Marshalsea. 
 
 May it please yo r good L'p, 
 What myne offence is, being singled out by it 
 
THE L0SELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 337 
 
 selfe, none can better judge then yo r Honour, 
 whoe understand what man can understand, and 
 justly censure greater every day. And perhaps it 
 should bee indiscreetly done, to offer to yo r L'ps 
 eares (filled necessarily every houre w th the com- 
 plaints of the whole realme) such circu'stances, as 
 might diminishe this poore fault of myne. Ther- 
 fore I spare ; yet will be bold, my Lord, to say 
 that they are as many as those y* can bee founde 
 out to aggravate the same. My Lord, it was in^ 
 joyned y* I should make some submission. I have 
 drawen one out of my hart, and writt it w th myne 
 owne hande, and sent it to his Grace and the rest 
 of the Comissioners for those causes, wherein I 
 have confessed myne offence against the canon 
 lawes, and constituc'ons provinciall of this realme, 
 and have testified my sorrowe for the whole fact. 
 What other satisfacc'on I (but such an offender as 
 I am) should make, I knowe not, but I allwayes 
 submitt my selfe. ffor Sir George Moore (my 
 Lord) I knew then neyther his person nor his es- 
 tate, much lesse y* worthy favour in w ch (yo r L'p 
 wittnes) he standeth w th yo r Honour, ffor, my 
 Lord, if I had (as unwise as I am), I would have 
 chosen rather to have undergone for Mr. Donne 
 some other more apparent daunger. And pardon 
 me a word for him, my Lord ; were it not now 
 best y* every one whome he any way concerns 
 should become his favourer or his frind, whoe 
 wants (my good Lord, but fortune's hands and 
 
 z 
 
338 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 tonge to reare him upp, and sett him out? ffor 
 my part, my L. besides these other thinges, I am 
 held from the sittinge at Yorke, already foure 
 dayes since begunne, where (in my silly fortune, 
 such as it is,) my profitablest practise lies. And 
 I protest, my Lord, y* thereby I am indaungered 
 to loose my mother's favoure, whome I seeme to 
 forsake in her greatest businesses, whose favoure 
 is the best part of my strenght and meanes of 
 well doinge. Wherffore my humble request unto 
 yo r L'p is, y* youe would bee soe good unto me 
 as to discharge me and suerties of y* recognisance 
 of 1100 11 . That when it shall please his Grace 
 and the rest to deliver me from the Marshalsea, 
 whereof I have hope I may noe longer, my L. bee 
 staid from those businesses in the cuntry, whereof 
 I have nowe more, then yet in all my lyfe I ever 
 had. Thus I most humbly take my leave, and 
 betake yo r L'p to God's protecc'on, this 25th of 
 Februar. 1601, from the Marshallsea. 
 
 Yo r Honours in all humble service 
 ever to bee comanded, 
 
 Chr. Bruke. 
 To the Right Honourable S r Tho- 
 mas Egerton, knight, Lord 
 keeper of the greate Seale of 
 England, 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 339 
 
 ( 138. ) 
 
 Mr. Donne to Sir George More. 
 
 If I could fear y t in so much worthynes as ys 
 in yo w there were no mercy, or yf these waights 
 opprest onely my shoulders and my fortunes, and 
 not my conscience and hers whose good is dearer 
 to me by much then my lyfe, I should not thus 
 troble yo w w th my l'rs ; but when I see that this 
 storme hath shakd me at roote in my Lord's favor, 
 wher I was well planted, and have just reason to 
 fear that those yll reports w ch malice hath raysd 
 of me may have trobled hers, I can leave no 
 honest way untryed to remedye these miseryes, 
 nor find any way more honest then this, out of an 
 humble and repentant hart, for the fault donne to 
 yo w , to beg both yo r pardon and assistance in my 
 suite to my L. I should wrong you as much 
 againe as I did, if I should think yo w sought to 
 destroy me, but though I be not hedlongly de- 
 stroyd, I languish and rust dangerously. From 
 seeking p r ferments abrode, my love and conscience 
 restrains me ; from hoping for them here my 
 Lord's disgracings cut me of. My emprisonm'ts, 
 and theyrs whose love to me brought them to yt, 
 hath already cost me 40/. And the love of my 
 frinds, though yt be not utterly grounded upon 
 my fortunes, yet I know suffers somewhat in these 
 long and uncertain disgraces of myne. I therfore 
 
 z2 
 
340 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 humbly beseech yo w to have so charitable a pitty, 
 of what I have, and do, and must suffer, as to 
 take to yo r selfe the comfort of having saved from 
 such destruction as yo r just anger might have 
 layd upon him, a sorowfull and honest man. I 
 was bold in my last letter to beg leave of yow 
 that I might wright to yo r daughter. Though 
 I understand therupon, that after the Thursday 
 yo w were not displeased that I should, yet I have 
 not, nor wyll not w th owt yo r knowledge do yt. 
 But now I beseech yo w that I may, since I pro- 
 test before God, yt is the greatest of my afflictions 
 not to do yt. In all the world ys not more true 
 sorrow than in my hart, nor more understanding 
 of true repentance than in yo rs . And therfore 
 God, whose pardon in such cases is never denyed, 
 gives me leave to hope, that yo w wyll favorably 
 consider my necessityes. To his mercifull guiding 
 and protection I comend yo w , and cease to troble 
 yo w . Mar. 1601. 
 
 Yo rs in all humbleness, 
 and dutifull obedience, 
 
 J. Donne. 
 
 To the right worshipfull 
 
 S r George More, knight. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 341 
 
 ( 139. ) 
 
 Mr. Donne to Sir Thomas Egerton. An elegant and 
 pathetic letter. 
 
 That offence w ch was to God in this matter, his 
 mercy hath assurd my conscience is pardoned. 
 The comission rs who minister his anger and mercy, 
 incline also to remitt yt. S r George More, of 
 whose learninge and wisdome I have good know- 
 ledge, and therfore good hope of his rnoderac'on, 
 hath sayd before his last goinge, y* he was so far 
 from being any cawse or mover of my punishment 
 or disgrace, that if yt fitted his reputac'on he 
 would be a suter to yo r I/p for my restorynge. 
 All these irons are knock'd of, yett I perish in as 
 heavy fetters as ever, whilst I languish under yo r 
 L'ps anger. How soone my history is dispatched ! 
 I was carefully and honestly bred ; enjoyd an in- 
 different fortune ; I had (and I had understand- 
 inge enough to valew yt) the sweetnes and secu- 
 rity of a freedome and independency; w'thowtmark- 
 inge owt to my hopes any place of profitt. I had a 
 desire to be yo r L'ps servant, by the favor w ch yo r 
 good sonn's love to me obtein'd. I was 4 years 
 yo r L'ps secretary, not dishonest nor gredy. The 
 sicknes of w ch I dyed ys, that I begonne in yo F 
 L'ps house this love. Wher I shal be buried 
 I know not. It ys late now for me (but y* neces- 
 sity, as yt hath continually an autumne and a wy- 
 theringe, so yt hath ever a springe, and must put 
 
342 THE L0SELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 forthe,) to beginne that course, w'ch some yeares 
 past I purposd to travaile, though I could now do 
 yt, not much disadvantageous^. But I have 
 some bridle upon me now more, more than 
 then, by my marriadge of this gentlewoman ; in 
 providing for whom I can and wyll show myself 
 very honest, though not so fortunate. To seek 
 p r ferm t here w th any but yo r L'p were a madnes. 
 Every great man to whom I shall address any such 
 suite, wyll silently dispute the case, and say, would 
 my L. Keeper so disgraciously have imprisond him, 
 and flung him away, if he had not donne some 
 other great fault, of w ch we hear not. So that to 
 the burden of my true weaknesses, I shall have 
 this addic'on of a very p r judiciall suspic'on, that I 
 ame worse then I hope yo r L'p dothe think me, or 
 would that the world should thinke. I have ther- 
 fore'no way before me; but must turn back to y r 
 L'p, who knowes that redemtion was no less worke 
 than creation. I know my fault so well, and so 
 well acknowledge yt, that I protest I have not so 
 much as inwardly grudged or startled at the pu- 
 nishm't. I know yo r L'ps disposic'on so well, as 
 though in course of justice yt be of proofe against 
 clamors of offenders, yet yt ys not strong inough 
 to resist yt selfe, and I know yt selfe naturally en- 
 clines yt to pitty. I know myne own necessity, 
 owt of w'ch I humbly beg that yo r L'p wyll so 
 much entender yo r hart towards me, as to give 
 me leave to come into yo r p r sence. Affliction, 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 343 
 
 misery, and destruction are not there; and every 
 wher els wher I ame, they are. 1° Martii, 1601. 
 Yo' L'ps most poore and most 
 penitent servant, 
 
 J. Donne. 
 To the right honorable my very 
 good L. and master S r Thomas 
 Egerton, knight, L. Keeper of 
 the Great Seal of England.' 
 
 ( 140. ) 
 
 The same to the same. 
 
 The honorable favor that yo'r L'p hath afforded 
 me, in allowinge me the liberty of myne own 
 chamber, hath given me leave so much to respect 
 and love myself, that now I can desire to be well. 
 And therfore for health, not pleasure (of w ch yo r 
 L'ps displeasure hath dulld in me all tast and ap- 
 prehension), I humbly beseeche yo r L'p so much 
 more to slacken my fetters, that as I ame by yo r 
 L'ps favor myne own keeper, and surety, so I may 
 be myne owne phisician and apothecary, w ch yo r 
 L'p shall worke, yf yo w graunt me liberty to take 
 the ayre about this towne. The whole world ys 
 a streight imprisonm* to me, whilst I ame barrd 
 yo r L'ps sight ; but this favour may lengthen and 
 better my lyfe, w ch I desire to p r serve, onely in 
 hope to redeeme by my sorrowe and desire to do 
 
344 THE L0SELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 yo r L'p service, my offence past. All mighty God 
 dwell ever in yo r L'ps hart, and fill yt w th good 
 desires, and graunt them. 
 
 Y r L'ps poorest servant, 
 
 J.Donne. 
 To the right honorable my very 
 good Lord and Master S r Tho- 
 mas Egerton, knight, L. Keeper 
 of the Great Seale of England. 
 
 (141.) 
 
 Dr. Donne to his brother-in-law, Sir Robert More, dated in 
 1614. The allusion which it contains to the consequences 
 attendant on his stolen match, after a lapse of several years, 
 shews the lasting impression they had made on his mind. 
 
 S', 
 
 Since I had no other thinge in contemplac'on 
 when I purposed thys journey, then my health, 
 me thinks yt ys a kinde of phisick to be so longe 
 about that, and I grow weary of phisick quickly. 
 I have therfore put off that purpose, at least tyll 
 the K. come into these parts. If yo r horse (w ch 
 I returne by thys carryar of Gilford) have not 
 found as good salads in o r Covent Garden, as he 
 should at Lothesley, yet I beleeve he hath had 
 more ease then he should have had there. We 
 are condemned to thys desart of London for all 
 thys sommer, for yt ys company not houses which 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 345 
 
 distinguishes between cityes and desarts. When I 
 began to apprehend, that even to myselfe, who 
 can releive myself upon books, solitairnes was a 
 litle burdenous, I beleeved yt would be much 
 more so to my wyfe, if she were left alone. So 
 much compan}', therfore, as I ame, she shall not 
 want ; and we had not one another at so cheape a 
 rate, as y* we should ever be wearye of one ano- 
 ther. S r , when these places afford any thinge 
 worthe yo r knowledge, I shall be yo r referendary. 
 Now my errand ys onely to deliver my thanks and 
 services, accompanyed w* yo r poore sister's, to yo r 
 selfe, and all y r good company. 10 Aug. 1614. 
 Yo rs ever to be commanded, 
 
 J. Donne. 
 I praie, S r , give thys note enclosed to my lady 
 yo r mother ; it ys of some parcells w ch she com- 
 manded my wyfe to buy for her, w'ch are sent 
 down at thys tyme by y e carryar. 
 
 To the right wor. S r Robert 
 More, knight, at Lothersley. 
 
 (142.) 
 
 Dr. Donne (then Dean of St. Paul's) to Sir Henry Wotton, 
 _ Provost of Eton. 
 
 Sr, 
 Thys ys y r quietus est from me ; it ys yo r assu- 
 rance that I wyll never trouble y w more about any 
 place in yo r colledge. But thys quietus est must 
 
346* THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 bear date from the end of the chapter ; for in the 
 letter, I must make a suite of that kinde to yo w , 
 in w ch I know yo w wyll give a good interpretation 
 of myne ingenuity, that I would not forbear even 
 the troublinge of yo w , when I had a way present- 
 ed to me, to do any service to yo r noble family, 
 to whom I owe even my posterity. S r , at y r last 
 election, S r Rob. More (to whom I have the honor 
 to be brother in law) had a sonne elected into yo r 
 schools, and hys place ys not falln, and so o r hopes 
 evacuated that way. Because yt was my worke 
 at first, I would faine perfit y*, and I am in the 
 right way of perfitinge yt when I addresse myselfe 
 to yo w , who have a perfit power in the business, 
 and have multiplyed demonstrations of a perfit 
 love to me. That w ch was then donne, was donne 
 by way of gratitude by Mr. Woodford, one of the 
 then opposers, to whom I had given a church be- 
 longinge to our Pauls. And for y e favor w'ch y w 
 shall be pleased to afford us herin, I offer yo w mo- 
 ther and daughters,* all y e service that I shall be 
 able to doe to any servant of yo rs in any place of 
 any of o r churches. Our most B. Savyor blesse 
 yo w w* all his graces, and restore us to a confident 
 meetinge in wholesome place, and direct us all by 
 good ways to good ends. Amen. 
 
 Yo r very true frinde and humble 
 servant in Chr. Jes. 
 
 J. Donne. 
 
 * That is, any preferment in the cathedral church or its 
 dependencies. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 347 
 
 From S r John Davers (Danvers) house at Chel- 
 sey (of w'ch house and my 1 arlils at Hanworth 
 I make up my Tusculan) # 12 Julii, 1625. 
 
 To the Honorable K 1 and my 
 most honored frinde S r Henry 
 Wotton, provost of Eton. 
 
 ( 143. ) 
 Original Letters of Edward Lord Herbert of Cherbury. 
 
 The four following Letters of Edward Lord Herbert of 
 Cherbury, are addressed to Sir George More, whom he 
 calls his father, for reasons which we shall subsequently 
 state. Brief as these letters are, they are highly charac- 
 teric of the extraordinary personage who penned them, 
 and as autograph specimens of his epistolary style are sin- 
 gular curiosities. They are dated from Eyton in Shrop- 
 shire, one of the seats of his maternal ancestors, the New- 
 tons, where he was born in the year 1581. He died at 
 London in 1648, and was buried at St. Giles' s-in-the- 
 fields. 
 
 His character has been summed up by Walpole in 
 the Advertisement to that most amusing piece of auto- 
 biography, his Memoirs, which survived in a MS. form, 
 the chances of upwards of a century, and was printed at 
 Strawberry-hill in 1764. 
 
 "As a soldier," says his editor, "he won the esteem of 
 
 * The reader will observe that this is a classical allusion to 
 the villa of Cicero, Tusculanum, near Tusculum, the delightful 
 spot called by the modern Italians Frescati. 
 
348 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 those great captains the Prince of Orange and the Constable 
 de Montmorency. As a knight his chivalry was drawn from 
 the purest founts of the Fairy Queen. Had he been ambi- 
 tious, the beauty of his person would have carried him as 
 far as any gentle knight can aspire to go. As a public minis - 
 ter he supported the dignity of his country even when its 
 Prince disgraced it ; and that he was qualified to write its 
 annals as well as to ennoble them, the history I have men- 
 tioned (his Life of Henry VIII.) proves. Strip each period 
 of its excesses and errors, and it will not be easy to trace 
 out or dispose the life of a man of quality into a succession 
 of employments which would better become him. Valour 
 and military activity in youth, business of state in the 
 middle age, contemplation and labours for the information 
 of posterity in the ca]mer scenes of closing life: this was 
 Lord Herbert." * To this eulogy we shall add some traits 
 of his character and his opinions derived from himself. 
 
 "I was born," says Lord Herbert, "at Eyton in Shrop- 
 shire, being a house which, together with fair lands, de- 
 scended upon the Newports by my grandmother, between 
 the hours of twelve and one of the clock in the morning ; 
 my infancy was very sickly, my head continually purging 
 itself very much by the ears ; whereupon also it was so 
 long before I began to speak, that many thought I should 
 ever be dumb. 
 
 " The very furthest thing I remember is that, when I 
 understood what was said by others, I did yet forbear to 
 speak, lest I should utter something that were imperfect 
 or impertinent. When I came to talk, one of the first 
 inquiries I made was, how I came into this world ? I told 
 my nurse, my keepers, and others, I found myself here, 
 indeed, but from what cause or by what means I could 
 
 * Advertisement to Life, p. xi. edit. 1809. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 349 
 
 not imagine. When I came to riper years I made this ob- 
 servation^ which afterwards a little comforted me, that as 
 I found myself in possession of this life without knowing 
 anything of the pangs and throes my mother suffered, yet 
 doubtless they did no less press and afflict me than her; 
 so I hope my soul shall pass into a better life than this, 
 without being sensible of the anguish and pains my body 
 shall feel in death \ for as I believe then I shall be trans- 
 mitted to a more happy state by God's great grace, I am 
 confident I shall no more know how I came out of this 
 world than how I came into it." This may be considered 
 very philosophical, although not very orthodox reasoning ; 
 other passages, however, shew that Lord Herbert's mind, 
 prone to adopt singular opinions, was yet imbued with 
 some of the great truths of Christianity. " None," he says, 
 " can justly hope for an union with the supreme God, that 
 doth not come as near to him in this life in virtue and 
 goodness as he can ; so that, if human frailty do interrout 
 this union, by committing faults that make him incapable 
 of his everlasting happiness, it will be fit, by a serious re- 
 pentance, to expiate and emaculate those faults, and for the 
 rest trust to the mercy of God, his Creator, Redeemer, 
 and Preserver, who being our Father, and knowing well 
 in what a weak condition through infirmities we are^ will, 
 I doubt not, commiserate those transactions we commit, 
 when they are done without desire to offend his divine 
 majesty, and together rectify our understanding through 
 his grace." 
 
 To many Christians this confession of his faith may 
 appear imperfect, because he has omitted altogether any 
 direct mention of man's original corruption ; yet probably 
 that might be so far admitted in the writer's own mind, as 
 to require, in his opinion, no particular notice in defining 
 a general rule of conduct. 
 
350 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 Of his accomplishments, he informs us that he was 
 skilled in medicine, fencing, and horsemanship. He cured 
 one of his servants of a malignant pestilent fever, when he 
 had been given over by all the physicians, by administer- 
 ing to him a pill the size of a hazel-nut, of one of his rare 
 recipes; and one of his relatives of an hydrocephalus 
 disease that swelled his head and eyes to a frightful ex- 
 tremity, by a decoction of two diuretic roots, which sub- 
 dued the complaint, and reduced his features to their pro- 
 per proportions. 
 
 As his accomplishments were rare, so were some of his 
 bodily peculiarities, which, although scarcely credible, he 
 calls God to witness were true. He increased consider- 
 ably in stature after he was twenty-one years of age. He 
 was lighter when weighed in balances than men of smaller 
 size than himself. He had a pulse in the crown of his 
 head ; and it was well known to those who waited in his 
 chamber, that the shirts, waistcoats, and other garments 
 which he wore, were sweet beyond what can either be 
 easily believed or observed in any else. The same sweet- 
 ness was observable in his breath before he took tobacco. 
 From all these relations it may be observed that, not- 
 withstanding his lordship's good sense and education, he 
 was not proof against that most seducing of human foibles, 
 personal vanity. This propensity leads him into various 
 amusing details of ladies who irresistibly became ena- 
 moured with him, and who were in the habit of wearing 
 his portrait in miniature secretly about their persons 
 without the sanction of their lords ! He wrote a treatise, 
 " De Veritate, &c." or on Truth, and how it may be dis- 
 tinguished from probable, possible, and false revelation, 
 which was much commended, he says, by the learned 
 Grotius, and other theological writers of the day ; and it 
 is not a little singular (so prone is the human mind to self- 
 
THE LOSELEV MANUSCRIPTS. 351 
 
 deception) that while he was gravely discussing so import- 
 ant a subject, with the air of a sound and unbiassed 
 judgment* he put the question of publication or sup- 
 pression of his volume to one of the most extraordinary 
 tests which a mind, preserving its pretensions to sanity, 
 could conceive. " Being thus doubtful," he says, " in my 
 chamber, one fair day in the summer, my casement being 
 opened towards the south, the sun shining clear and no 
 wind stirring, I took my book De Veritate in my hand, 
 and kneeling on my knees, devoutly said these words :— 
 6 O thou eternal God ! Author of the light which now 
 shines upon me, and Giver of all inward illuminations, I 
 do beseech thee, of thy infinite goodness, to pardon a 
 greater request than a sinner ought to make. I am not 
 satisfied enough whether I shall publish this book, De 
 Veritate ; if it be for thy glory, I beseech thee give me 
 some sign from heaven; if not, I shall suppress it/ I 
 had no sooner spoken these words, but a loud, though yet 
 gentle noise, came from the heavens (for it was like no- 
 thing on earth), which did so comfort and cheer me, that 
 I took my petition as granted, and that I had the sign 
 demanded ; whereupon also I resolved to print my book. 
 This, how strange soever it may seem, I protest before 
 the Eternal God is true \ neither am I any way super- 
 stitiously deceived herein, since I did not only clearly hear 
 the noise, but in the serenest sky that I ever saw, being 
 without all cloud, did, to my thinking, see the place 
 from whence it came." 
 
 No one in this relation will, I think, feel disposed to 
 suspect Lord Herbert of wilful falsehood; it remains 
 therefore for us only to conclude that his ardent imagina- 
 tion had so worked upon his frame as to produce a tem- 
 porary delirium. He was, indeed, the living Don Quix- 
 ote of his day ; he had all the good sense of Cervantes' 
 
352 THE LQSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 hero on subjects which did not touch on his personal ac- 
 complishments, his chivalry, and theological opinions. 
 
 His matrimonial alliance was as remarkable as the 
 other circumstances of his life. At the age of fifteen, 
 while he was a student at Oxford, a marriage was con- 
 cluded for him by his relatives with the rich heiress of Sir 
 William Herbert, of St. Julian's, Monmouthshire, herself 
 in her twenty-first year, and solemnized 28th Feb. 1598. 
 He repaired again to Oxford, continued his studies, and 
 before he attained the age of twenty-one had " divers 
 children." He then formally communicated to his wife 
 his desire to travel, and parted with her, some reluctance 
 being expressed on her side, for the Continent. 
 
 We are now to notice the sense in which Lord Herbert, 
 in the following letters, calls Sir George More his father, 
 an epithet, the reasonable application of which puzzled us 
 exceedingly, until it was explained by a document in Sir 
 George's own hand in these MSS. It is well known that 
 the crown, until the time of Charles II. on the death of 
 any of its tenants in capite, took possession of the estate 
 until the heir came of age, when he paid a relief for its 
 livery. Hence was established the court of wards and 
 liveries, and the king had the power of appointing a guar- 
 dian to the minor, which guardian enjoyed during his non- 
 age the profits of the estate, providing only for the minor's 
 support and education. These wardships were therefore 
 much sought for, and purchased for a pecuniary consider- 
 ation. Sir George More of Loseley, from a family con- 
 nexion probably, of which we have not found any distinct 
 trace in the MSS. obtained the wardship of Lord Her- 
 bert of Cherbury, who subscribes himself Sir George's 
 " adopted son in name, but natural all other ways." We 
 suspect that a sister of Sir George More, who had mar- 
 ried a Shropshire knight, Sir George Manwaring of 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 353 
 
 Ightfield, had for a second husband Sir Francis Newport, 
 maternal uncle to Lord Herbert of Cherbury,as Sir George 
 styles Sir Francis Newport his brother, in a document 
 extant in the Loseley MSS. which appears to be a recapi- 
 tulation of his claims as guardian upon Lord Herbert's 
 estate at the time we suppose when he came of age ; it is 
 headed, "The case between my son and me is this." It is 
 remarkable that this paper corrects a passage in Lord 
 Herbert's own memoir ; in which he states, that his mo- 
 ther, perceiving his father's disease mortal, thought fit to 
 send for him home, and presently after his father's death 
 to desire her brother, Sir Francis Newport, to hasten to 
 London, to obtain his wardship for his and her use jointly, 
 in which application he succeeded. Whatever the private 
 understanding between the parties might be in respect of 
 the receipts of the estate, Sir George More, and not Sir 
 Francis Newport, was Lord Herbert's guardian. Sir 
 Francis however appears to have contributed largely to 
 the expense of procuring his wardship . 
 
 Sir George More says in the paper to which we have 
 above alluded, " My son being under age at the time of his 
 father's death, I procured his wardship (with much trou- 
 ble to my brother Sir Francis Newport), beside the ex- 
 pense of 8007. in the obtaining of it, and being thus pos- 
 sessed of it, whereas I might have married him without 
 disparagement for 3000/. I did not only not marry him/or 
 money, as well I might have done, but with expense of 
 almost 1000/. more, the particulars- whereof are hereto 
 annexed, procured him a marriage with not much less 
 than 30,000/., in sure confidence that, when by his 
 marriage he should be enabled, he would give me good 
 satisfaction for the value of his marriage, and all other 
 summes thus for his good disbursed, which he performed 
 accordingly, and as sufficiently as then, by reason of his 
 
 2 A 
 
354 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 non-age he could, he made his assignment of certain leases 
 which, in his wife's right, he was possessed of, to my brother 
 Sir Francis Newport, in these terms. ' Know ye, that I, 
 Edward Herbert, as well for and in considerac'on of divers 
 great summes of money by Frauncis Newport, my loving 
 and careful uncle, disbursed for and towards procuring my 
 wardship, as also divers other great summes for me, and to 
 my use, and for my occasions disbursed and expended, 
 have demised, graunted, assigned, and set over/ &c. These 
 sums were advanced to Sir George More for the purpose 
 above cited ; and some of them Sir George refers to, as 
 having been obliged to repay to his brother Sir Francis^ 
 he wanting them to complete a purchase he had made. ' 
 
 The whole property of Lord Herbert and his wife ap- 
 pears at length to have devolved to Sir George More's 
 management ; for he states in his draft of Memorial, that 
 Lord Herbert's wife's estate was so entangled with great 
 debts, that the breath of a single creditor might have over- 
 thrown it \ and that with many griefs of mind and hazard 
 of his own estate (if Lady Herbert had died without issue) 
 he paid them. 
 
 ( 143.) 
 
 Lord Herbert to his father in wardship Sir George More. 
 
 Woorthy father, yf I were perswaded that you 
 did amare ex judicio, and not judic are ex amove, 
 your good opinion of mee would make mee shewe 
 more to deserve the continuance of it, then the 
 greatest discouradgement of my little habilityes 
 could prevaile to the breakinge of my weake be- 
 ginninges. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 355 
 
 Least you should think this countrey ruder then 
 it is, I have sent you some of our bread, w ch I 
 am sure wilbe dainty, howsoever it be not pleas- 
 inge : it is a kinde of cake w ch our countrey peo- 
 ple use and made in no place in England, but in 
 Shrewsbury, yf you vouch safe the tast of them, 
 you enworthy the countrey and sender. Measure 
 not my love by substance of it, w ch is brittle ; but 
 by the forme of it, w ch is circular, and cir cuius you 
 knowe is capacissima Jigura, to w'ch that mind 
 ought to bee like, that can most worthily love you. 
 Yet I would not have you to understand forme so 
 as though it were hereby forma 11 ; but, as forma 
 dat esse, so my love and observance to be essen- 
 tiall ; and so wishing it worthy your acceptance, I 
 rest 
 
 Your sonne that honoreth your worthe, 
 
 Herbert. 
 
 Scribled raptim as you see, and hope will pardon. 
 Ey ton, this 17 of August 1602. 
 
 To the right worthy and his ho- 
 norable freend S r George More, 
 knight, his beloved father, &c. 
 
 ( 144. ) 
 
 Noble Knighte, I perceyve your love placed in 
 this our famely to be as faithfull in continuance, as 
 it hath bene excessive in greatnes, when you will 
 
 2 a 2 
 
356 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 send to find us out in a corner among the toto 
 divisos orbe Britannos ; such a love in these dayes 
 wants an example, and is not like to be pattern'd ; 
 only to us it is a comfort, that desire at least to be 
 thankfull, that, seinge it was begune w'thout our 
 desert, we need not stand doubtfull of our selves, 
 as knowinge that his worthy disposition that be- 
 ganne it of himselfe, will continue it as undeserv- 
 edly as hee did unmatchably enter into it. This 
 small testimony doth your many kindnesses chal- 
 lenge at my hands, who doth more honor your 
 virtues than the pied outside of any hereditary 
 nobility. 
 
 I heare of your indeede royall intertainment of 
 the King ; * a happines able to make you forget 
 yourself much more your remote freends, were it 
 not you. 
 
 I am very sory to heare of the increase of the 
 plague, w'ch, besides many inconveniencies, will 
 hinder our meetinge this many a day, I feare. I 
 
 * King James and his Queen were entertained at Loseley on 
 the 12th of August, 1603, a few days before the date of this 
 epistle. See Nichols's Progresses of King James I. p. 251, 
 where will be found a sonnet written by Mr. Thomas Fowler, 
 the Queen's Secretary, " upon a horologe of the clock;' (i. e. in- 
 strument for telling the hour connected with the cloche or 
 bell,) " at Sir George More's, at his place of Loseley." The 
 Editor slept in 1829 in a room in the house, still called the 
 King's Chamber. The horologe and cloche remain in a turret 
 of the southern side of the building. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 357 
 
 pray God to stay his heavy hand, in whom I wish 
 both our preservations, as 
 
 The sonne that Jives more then half 
 in his lovinge father, 
 
 Herbert. 
 Montgomery Castle, this 28 of August 1603. 
 I pray you present my due salutations to your 
 Lady, and S r Robert Moore and his lady, not for- 
 getting good Mr. Polsted. 
 
 To that worthy knight S r George 
 More, at his house, Loseley, 
 in Surry, &c. 
 
 (145.) 
 
 If absence (noble knight) could affoord frends 
 a better testimony of love then remembrance, or 
 remembrance expresse itselfe in a better fashion 
 then in letters, to you especially, to your nought 
 needinge selfe, (if eyther invention or example 
 would have yeelded mee a newer meanes,) my in- 
 gaged love would not have omitted the execution 
 of it to your worthy selfe, unto whom the greatest 
 service I can professe is to little to be performed ; 
 but where meanes scant the manifestation of 
 more, let your acceptance make that good, w'ch 
 my ability could make no better. I pray you 
 thinke not that, because my letter contains not 
 any essentiall busines, that therfore it is merely 
 
358 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 formall, but rather that my thanckefulnes would 
 disclose it selfe in any shape sooner than forgoe 
 the least occasion to shewe howe many waies hee is 
 
 Yours, 
 
 Herbert. 
 Montgomery Castle, this 12 of October 1603. 
 
 To my much honored father S r 
 George More, Loseley, in Sur- 
 rey. 
 
 (146.) 
 
 Your continuall remembrance of us (noble 
 knight), though it cannot adde to the opinion of 
 your worthy love (onely in respect of your selfe 
 worthy) ; yet it may confirme it, yf there can bee 
 a confirmation of that w ch is held most assured. 
 
 The barrenness of this countrey, as in all other 
 thinges, is dilated into the scarsity of any occur- 
 rents fitt your intertainninge, much unlike your 
 parts, where all good varietyes warringe amonge 
 themselves distract the minde in their choyce, of 
 some of w ch as you have made mee partaker, so 
 the most acceptable beyond comparison was to 
 heare of your health. 
 
 Yf there be a Parliament shortly, yf I can, I 
 will be one of the number, a burgesse or some- 
 thinge, rather then get out, for I thinke I shall 
 give away my interest in this sheere to another ; 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 359 
 
 not makinge doubt to meete you there, though 
 once in my hearinge you seemed to be weery of 
 your beeinge of the House. 
 
 So w th the protestation of an unfained affection 
 to do you any acceptable service, I rest 
 
 Your adopted sonne in name, but naturall 
 all other wayes, 
 
 Herbert. 
 Montgomery Castle, this 4 of December 1603. 
 I must give my lady great thankes (for in my 
 letter I have testified of you) for my little brother. 
 Mr. Henry Morrice remembers his love to you, 
 w th many thankes for your kind entertainment of 
 him when he was w th you. 
 
 To his most honored father S r 
 George More, knight, at Lose- 
 ley, geve these. 
 
 (147.) 
 
 Sir Nicholas Throckmorton to his father-in-law Sir George 
 More. This and the following are letters wholly of a do- 
 mestic or familiar character. He married Mary elder daugh- 
 ter of Sir George, and in 1611 succeeded to the estate of his 
 maternal uncle, Sir Francis Carew, possessor of the ancient 
 seat and manorial demesne, Beddington, in Surrey. He 
 adopted the surname of Carew in addition to his own. 
 
 Right worshipfull S r , I receaved by this bearer, 
 Smalpeece, thirty pounds, and have signed and 
 
360 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 sealled the quittance which he brought with him 
 for the receate of it. I humbly thancke you for 
 your care and love allwayes towards my wife, her 
 childe, and my selfe, which God be thancked are 
 all well and in health ; little Besse doth nowe lyke 
 well of her nurse, though at the first she was a little 
 frowarde. My cosen Leigh with his wife contends 
 them humbly unto you, my wife and my selfe re- 
 member our humble dewty unto your selfe, my 
 Lady, and S r William, with comendations unto all 
 our brothers and sisters. Thus wishing you all 
 happiness your selfe desyreth, -I coniite you to 
 God. Addington, this present Wensday 1600. 
 Your lovinge sonne in lawe, 
 
 N. Throckmorton. 
 
 To the right worshipfull and my 
 very lovinge father in lawe S r 
 Geordge More, knight, at Lows- 
 ley, geive these. 
 
 (148.) 
 
 Sir Nicholas Throckmorton requests pecuniary assistance from 
 his father-in-law. He hints at his future expectations, no 
 doubt from Carew of Beddington. 
 
 S r , 
 My humble dewty remembred, I receaued y r 
 letter by this bearer, by which vou will me to 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 361 
 
 write unto you the just tyme of my desyreto have 
 the money I spake unto you for. I protest unto 
 you that to supply my occasions both for debts 
 and other necessaryes, to have it presently would 
 not so much as searve my turne to cleere my 
 selfe, but for that I have hitherto streyned my 
 credite to the uttermost, and nowe am at the last 
 cast. My plate is all to pawne, credite I have none, 
 livings or revenewes to my company small or 
 rather none ; you knowe wheron I doe hope and 
 to whome I am indepted, which may frustrate my 
 hopes, if I should not content and please ; where- 
 fore I pray you doe dewly consider my case and 
 y r daughters, for whome I am sorry (she otherwise 
 desearvinge) should light on soe hard a fortune as 
 myne is (and hath bine hetherto). Noe lesse than 
 ^200 at Midsomer next can make me shew my 
 face in any company, and a hundred at Michael- 
 mas next, which if I cannot have I must leave my 
 cuntry, and my wife and children to the parish. 
 Thus desyring you to pitte my case and y r daugh- 
 ters and hers,* I comite you to God. Beddington, 
 this present Tewsday, 1G04. 
 
 Your loving sonne-in-lawe, 
 
 N. Throckmorton. 
 
 To the right worshipfull and my 
 very loving father in lawe Sir 
 George More, knight. 
 
 * He means the case of her offspring. 
 
362 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 ( 149. ) 
 
 The Council to the Justices of Surrey, commanding 
 them to proclaim King James. 
 
 After o' very harty comendac'ons. Forasmuch 
 as it hath pleased God to calle out of this life to 
 his mercie o' late dearest Soveraigne Queen Eli- 
 zabeth, by meanes whereof there remaineth unto 
 us no further authorite, then by provisionall care 
 to apply o r uttermost helpe and endeavo's for the 
 pservation of peace and tranquillitie, and to make 
 the better accompt and representation of the State 
 unto the Kinge o' r Soveraigne that nowe is, wee 
 doe therfore give yo u advertisement thereof (as we 
 have donne unto others of the like place and qual- 
 litie), to the end that all and every one, according 
 to their severall degrees, may as dutifull subjects 
 joyne in the like care, and endevor for the welfare 
 of the same. And because there is nothing that 
 can more surely and strongly bynde and maintaine 
 the safety of the realme, and of other domynions 
 therto appertayning both against the pernitious 
 desseignes of forraine and comon enemyes of the 
 State, and against domesticall and inward trou- 
 bles, then a speedy resolution w th a firme unitie 
 in the acknowledgment and profession of our pre- 
 sent Souveraigne and King, namely, James the 
 Sixt, King of Scotland, and nowe also James the 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 363 
 
 First, King of England, France, and Ireland. Wee 
 doe herew th sende unto yo w a proclamation, which 
 as all persons of the nobillitie of this realme that 
 at this time and place can presently be assembled, 
 and the generall and firme consent of the Cittie of 
 London, the cheefe place of this kingdome, and 
 all other good subjects, either of greater or meaner 
 quallitie, out of an assured conscyence both for 
 the good of the State and of the rightful Sove- 
 raigne, have receaved ; so is it very necessary the 
 effect and substance thereof be forthwith pub- 
 lished, and proclamed in that countie, w ch we pray 
 yo w that yo w will cause instantly to be don as yo w 
 tender yo r duty to the King o r Souvraigne, and to 
 the State ; and so wee bid yo w very hartily fare- 
 well. From the pallace of Whitehall, at Westm r , 
 the 25 th of Marche, 1603. 
 Jo. Cant., Thos. Egerton, C.S., T. Buckhurst, 
 Notingham, Northumberland, Gilb. Shrews- 
 bury, Will. Derby, E. Worcester, Ed. Sus- 
 sex, Pembroke, E. Lyncolne, Ric London, 
 Antho. Cicestrens., Ro. Hereford, Jo. Nor- 
 wich, Thos. Lawarre, Ed. Crumwell, Ro. 
 Riche, W. Knollys, E. Wotton, J. Stanhope, 
 Ro. Cecyll, J. Fortescue, J. Popham. 
 
 To o r loving friends the Sheriff 
 and Justices of Peace of the 
 County of Surrey, and every of 
 them. 
 
364 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 (150.) 
 
 The Earl of Nottingham to Sir George More and the rest of the 
 Verderers of Windsor Forest. The King is heavily displeased 
 at the spoil made by swine routing in the woods, so that he 
 is greatly endangered in enjoying the diversion of the chace. 
 Hunting was a most favourite diversion of James the First. 
 Harris censures him for neglecting state matters for its en- 
 joyment, and quotes a letter addressed to Sir Ralph Win- 
 wood by the Lord Chamberlain, which says, "the King finds 
 that felicity in a hunting life that he hath written to the 
 Council that it is the only means to maintain his health ; 
 which being the health and welfare of us all, he desires them 
 to take the charge and burthen of affairs, and foresee that he 
 be not interrupted or troubled with too much business." 
 
 After my hartie comendations. The Kinges 
 Ma^ e having b'n lately abroade in a huntinge in 
 Birchwood and other places in Surrey Ballywick, 
 is heavely displeased att the spoyle that swinne 
 have made by rootinge great hools in the woods 
 and fforrest, soe his hignes cannot ryde v^hout 
 great dainger, whereuppon his Ma s commaund was 
 that the keper should destroye and kyll such hoggs 
 as they should find there. But bycawse it maye 
 be a heavye punishem* for some of the inhabitants 
 to loose their swine, I doe in his Ma ts name praye 
 and require yo u furthw h to repaire to those places 
 and to call before yo u the inhabitants, and 
 straightly to examyne them whoe they are that 
 kepe those swyne that doe that spoyle, and to en- 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 365 
 
 joyne them that are the offenders furthw th to sett 
 men on wourk to fyll upp those holes and rowted 
 places againe, w h a further commaund that they 
 forbeare to putt furthe their swinne any more to 
 doe the like uppon paine of losse of them, and 
 further ponishem* uppon themselves. Wherein 
 yo u must bee very carefull w tb expedic'on to see a 
 reformac'on hereof least the kinge finding it un- 
 donn att his comeing thither do laye the blame 
 uppon you. Whereof I rest assuered of yo r rea- 
 dines. And even soe do bid yo u farewell. From 
 the Courte att Greenew h the 1 of June 1608. 
 Yo r verye lovinge ffreinde, 
 
 NOTINGHAM. 
 
 The kyng wylbe that way w^iin these 14 dayes, 
 before w ch tyme it must be donn. 
 
 To my verie lovinge ffreinds Sir 
 George Moore, knight, and to 
 the rest of the Verderers of Sur- 
 rey Ballywick, in the fforest of 
 Windesor. 
 
 (151.) 
 
 Regulations for the Treasurer of Henry Prince of Wales. Con- 
 firmed under his own signature. It has been observed by the 
 Prince's biographer, Dr. Birch, that " in the government of 
 his household and management of his revenues, his example 
 deserved to be imitated by all other princes. He not only 
 gave orders, but saw almost every thing done himself, so that 
 there were scarce any of his domestics whom he did not 
 
36*6 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 know by name."* He was particularly careful that all his do- 
 mestics should be of the Communion of the Church of Eng- 
 land, considering that the best pledge of faithful service was 
 the profession and practice of a pure and reasonable religion. 
 
 Henry P. 
 
 For the better assurance of the Princes treasure, and to 
 be certified monethely unto his highnes, theis pointz fol- 
 lowing are fit to be considered and allowed of, viz. 
 
 Imprimis, it is conceyved to be riecessarie that every ac- 
 comptant to the prince for payment of anie monies unto 
 his highnes treasurie, doe first fetch a debet on charge, 
 from the auditor generall, before hee make payment of 
 his monies. 
 
 It'm, that immediatlie after payment into the treasurie, 
 that the accoumptant do presentlie bring the receaver or 
 treasorer acquittaunce to be entred with the said auditor, 
 or els no discharge to be given to the accomptant. 
 
 It'm, that everie officer or servaunt of the princes high- 
 nes or other person whatsoever, having ffees, wages, annu- 
 ities, or penc'ons out of his highnes treasurie doe first 
 bring a debentur or note from the auditor generall, to be 
 delyvered to the treasorer or receaver before paiement be 
 made of the same, or els noe allowance to be given for 
 payment therof. 
 
 It'm, that everie privy seale or other warraunt what- 
 soever, be first brought to the said auditor to be entred 
 with him of record, that therbie hee maie from tyme to 
 tyme make forth debenturs or notes for payment therof. 
 And that no allowance be given to the treasorer or re- 
 ceiver for payment of anie such monies, without such de- 
 
 * Life of Henry Prince of Wales, p. 393. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 36*7 
 
 bentur or note be first brought signed with the hand of the 
 said auditor. 
 
 It'm, that perfect books be daylie and weeklie kept by 
 the said auditor generall as a counter roll of all the re- 
 ceipts and payments of his highnes treasure by the handes 
 of his treasorer or receavor generall, both for his highnes 
 better satisfacc'on, and also for a more perfect charging 
 and discharging the said treasorer uppon his accoumpt and 
 justificac'on of his eleere, honest, and just dealing in his 
 place and office, to his great credit. 
 
 It'm, as in the Kyng's Ma ts affaires of this kynde, soe 
 likewise in this of his highnes it were requisit that at the 
 end of every moneth, and at all other tymes, trewe certi- 
 ficats be by the said treasorer and auditor generall dely- 
 vered, both togeather, unto his highnes owne handes, con- 
 teyning the severall somes receaved and disburssed, and 
 the remaynes likewise. By which his highnes shall re- 
 ceave great benyfitt in knowing whoe is paid and whoe 
 not. And by that w ch remayneth not only to be assured 
 what his treasure is from tyme to tyme, but alsoe the bet- 
 ter therebie at tymes to direct his payments and distribute 
 his bountie as shalbe best agreeable to his wysedome. 
 
 Lastlie, that his highnes pleasure maie be that where 
 any receavor or other accoumptant shalbe behind in aun- 
 swering and payeng into his highnes receipt such somes of 
 money as they and every of them shall or might have re- 
 ceaved or shall be chargeable with ; in such case the said 
 auditor generall, by perusing the records remayning in his 
 custodie, doe his best indevour to discover the same, and 
 theruppon to give notice therof unto his highnes or to his 
 councell for revenewe; to th^end a messenger maie be 
 fourthw 1 ^ sent for them, to receave such rebuke and pu- 
 nyshment as their offence shall meritt. 
 
368 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 M d these articles have bin perused and considered of by 
 his highnes the xxiiij daie of June 161 1, and by him al- 
 lowed in all points to be observed and kept. 
 
 (152.) 
 
 William More to his father Sir George More, requests that he 
 may be furnished with a horse to attend the Prince (Henry) 
 to the Paper Mills. This letter is curious for the incidental 
 notice which it contains of the costly style of dress adopted 
 by the courtiers of the day, and the prevalence of duelling. 
 
 . s% 
 
 I knowing asuredly the greate care and desire 
 wherewith you are afected concerning the dutifull 
 service which I doe infinitely owe unto his suferan 
 highnes my royall prince and master, it semeth to 
 me verie conveniente and fitt that at this time I 
 certifie you of his journey to-morrow to the paper 
 milles, whither all of his attendance goe to waite 
 uppon him ; and I alsoe with the reste, if it shall 
 pleseyou to furnish me with a horse, will therin ex- 
 ecute my dutie as far as in me lies, both in respecte 
 of you, youre credit, and also for my in suing for- 
 tunate (as I hope) prasfermente, which dutie rather 
 then I will faile dilligently to my power performe, 
 I will foregoe all plesures, comodities, and pre- 
 fermentes what so ever to gain this only, which 
 will be unto God acceptable, unto you cumfurt- 
 able, and unto me most profitable ; in which sted- 
 faste opinion, that you maye the better assure you, 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 369 
 
 selfe of my continuall constancie, I heere proteste 
 before God and you, that I praefer the perform- 
 ance of this my duty towards you and him before 
 anie fortune and preferments what soe-ever can 
 betide me, which othe when I shall faile to keepe 
 stedfaste wether to you or him, I desire God that 
 he will no longer lett me brethe nor you no longer 
 vouchsafe to acknowledge me your sonne, but 
 thinke me one misbegotten, and not woorthie of 
 so woorthie a title, but rejecte and refuse me and 
 laye me open for a miscreante unto the wide 
 worlde. The monie which I have last receaved I 
 have disburste, that I can give you accounte of it 
 all, and hope to your owne good likinge, whereof 
 my man can allsoe informe you as well as my selfe, 
 and therefore now waiting that thing which will 
 furnish a man whith all things, I doe heere in- 
 forme you of that which I wante, not of that which 
 I doe superfluously desire, for if I goe not with 
 him I knowe not what to doe heere, because all 
 that are aboute him doe goe with him or sumwhe- 
 ther else, for in his absence ther is allowance for 
 none heere, and bysides soome of the new made 
 gentlemen, as I maie so call them, I mene sutch 
 as accounte those only gentlemen that put on 
 moste sutes of apparrell, though peradventure be- 
 fore they came to the coortethey scarse ever saw a 
 sute of sattaine, I say sutch men will not stick to 
 objecte to my fase, as I have not allreadie wanted 
 sutch scandalles; that if I were soe mutch be- 
 
 frended as my plase shewed me to be, I woulde 
 
 2 B 
 
370- THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 borrowe a horse, or else if I were well monied I 
 wolde hire a horse ; these scandalls, although I 
 have receved,yet I make the les accounte of them 
 because they proceede from sutch persons as I have 
 above denominated, yet I thought good to make it 
 knowne unto you, because I mighte the sooner 
 avoide sutch reprotches, for I assure you that ther 
 is not so much as a groom about the prince who 
 keeps not a horse. Thus hoping you will take in 
 good parte what I have heere related unto you, 
 beeing confirmed therunto by sutche reprotches 
 and my shames, as lean noe other waie remeddie, 
 unles I woulde adventure to loose my life, or the 
 princes service, and you displesure,* or all of 
 them, and shoulde by sum blooddie meanes seeke 
 to be the annoiaunce of sum of them, which I will 
 never doe God willing, although I think I could 
 defend myselfe as well as sum of them, if there 
 unto I were inforsete, but God forbid that I 
 should soe mutch sinn againste God, soe unplesing 
 unto you, and hurtefull unto myselfe. Thus 
 hoping that you will shortely furnish me with 
 these necessaries, I here ende, desiring God 
 that he will bles you with his blessed protection, 
 and desire your benediction. From Grenewitch 
 the fiveth of June. 
 
 Your sonn in all dutifull obedience, 
 
 W. More. 
 
 To the right worshipfull his verie 
 lovinge father S r George More, 
 at his howse in the Strann tjiese 
 be d'd. 
 
 * i. e. displease. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 371 
 
 (153.) 
 
 The Earl of Nottingham to Sir George More, about the setting 
 up the summer pole at Guildford. This letter alludes to the 
 ancient May Games, when a May pole was erected in every 
 town of note, and a summer king and queen chosen to pre- 
 side over the sports. The puritan spirit against which King 
 James directed his Book of Sports, seems about this time to 
 have brought the May pole into some discredit. To these 
 scrupulous doctrines the Earl alludes in the phrase " pure 
 councils" 
 
 S', 
 Synce the Mare of Gylford and Mr. Awsten 
 weer w l me ther is comme to me Smalpece and 
 Ri. Brikelson, who douth afyrm that they ne- 
 ver ment to have sett up the som'er pole, in 
 souch sorte as reported to me, but that they 
 did desier to sett it up in souch sourte as it 
 hath bene donne in many other plases and is 
 yousedly [usually] done, and that they did desier 
 the Mayrs good wyll in it, wych wold in no wyse 
 grant it ; they say that ther was on ther [one there] 
 put up befor w th the K. M s armes and other arms, 
 and that it was pluked downe in contempte, wych 
 if it be trew, it was a verry leude parte, and if that 
 now you dow misslyke that any should be sett up, 
 and that it procedeth upon ther pure concels, I 
 know then that it is a gret error in them, and a 
 thyng weych wold be much mislyked ; therfor, s r , 
 I pray you and the rest, w'ch I did wryt unto, to 
 understand apon what ground this denyall is of 
 
 2b>2 
 
372 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 the Mayre, and why it shuld not be as well alooed 
 ther as in all other plases. If it had the picture of 
 any saynt I shuld mislyk it as much as any, but 
 the arms of his Ma lie or any other arms of noblemen 
 or gentelmen I dow not see but that it is hon'able 
 [honorable]. Therfor I pray you and the rest to 
 louke well into it, and if ther be no other cause 
 but to have the Mares good wyll, they are desierous 
 to have it, and to dow it with his consent and fa- 
 vor, the denying of it wold bred more supision 
 then I wold wysh him. You, and the rest, in 
 your wysdoms wyll desarne that wych I can'ot; 
 and soo levyng it to you and the rest to order it, 
 soo as ther gro no disquyetnes, I dow hartely bid 
 yo' farewell. Your assured lovyng frend, 
 
 Notingham. 
 
 To my especyall lovyng frend 
 S r George More. 
 
 Original Documents relating to Sir Walter Ralegh. 
 
 The first of these is a letter from Francis Aungier, a 
 gentleman of Surrey, probably addressed to Sir William 
 More, describing the trial of the accused in the con- 
 spiracy for deposing James the First, and placing Ara- 
 bella Stuart, daughter of Charles Earl of Lennox, the 
 King's uncle, on the throne. Among them was Sir Walter 
 Ralegh. The law was strained, or rather disregarded, on 
 this occasion, in order to find Ralegh guilty. He remained 
 a prisoner fourteen years in the Tower after this convic- 
 tion 5 and the King, in the declaration which he thought 
 
THE L09ELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 373 
 
 necessary to publish to the world, of the motives which 
 induced him at length to put him to death, observes, as a 
 magnanimous instance of his own clemency, that he not 
 only for that offence spared Ralegh from execution, but 
 allowed him to live as in libera custodia in the Tower. 
 That enlargement which the King's mercy, however 
 abundant, would not concede, Sir Walter at length ob- 
 tained on the prospect of discovering gold mines in 
 Guiana, of the produce of which one fifth part was to be 
 rendered to the crown. For this purpose the King "free- 
 ly, fully, and wholly" set him at liberty, in the terms of 
 the original instrument addressed to Sir George More, as 
 Lieutenant of the Tower. Yet the expedition exciting 
 the jealousy of Spain, heightened by the collision which 
 took place on the banks of the Oronooko between Sir 
 Walter's force and the Spaniards, King James had the 
 meanness to excuse himself to Gondemar, their ambassa- 
 dor, by alleging that he had expressly forbidden Sir Wal- 
 ter to interfere with the Spaniards in that quarter ; and 
 on his return from the expedition, without succeeding in 
 the object proposed, the King basely resolved to make 
 him the scape-goat from Spanish indignation, by reviving 
 and carrying into execution against this enterprizing and 
 intellectual Englishman the obsolete and remitted sen- 
 tence of death for high treason ! On referring to Sir Wal- 
 ter Ralegh's commission from the King for his voyage to 
 Guiana, printed by Rymer,* it will be observed that not 
 one single word is therein said about the Spaniards or 
 their rights in South America, whereas, in the proclama- 
 tion concerning Sir Walter Ralegh and his voyage, issued 
 after his return, the King asserts his tender caution for 
 Spanish rights in these terms : " We did by express limi- 
 tation and caution restrayne and forbid them and every of 
 
 * Feed. torn. xvi. p 195. 
 
374 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 them (i. e. Sir Walter and his brother adventurers) from 
 attemptinge "any acte of hostility, wronge, or violence 
 whatsoever, upon any of the territories, states, or subjectes 
 of any forrayne princes with whom we are in amity, and 
 more peculiarly of those of our deare brother the Kinge of 
 Spayne, in respect of his domynions and interestes in that 
 continent."* Nay it has been said, as a further proof of 
 the weakness and subservience of the King to Spanish 
 politics, that, before the expedition set sail, Don Diego cie 
 Sarmiento, Count Gondemar, was fully apprised of its 
 object ! 
 
 ( 154. ) 
 
 Francis Aungier, Esq. of Clandon, afterwards Lord Aungier, to 
 
 The conspirators to depose King James have 
 
 been arraigned, &c. 
 
 This day was an arraignment of seven prisoners, 
 M r George Brooke, S r Gryffyn Markh'm, S r Ed- 
 ward Parhara, M r Brookesby, M r Copley, and two 
 preests, Watson andClark. The treasons were sur- 
 prising of y e king's person, emprisoning hym in y e 
 tower or castell of Dover, removing of divers of 
 y e counsayll namely my L. ChancellV, my L. Trea- 
 sury my L. Cecill, and my L. Chief Justice. M r 
 Watson y e priest was appoynted to be L. Chan- 
 cel l r , M r George Brook L Treasury Sir Gryffyn 
 Markh'm Secretary, and my L. Gray Earle Mar- 
 shal and M r of the Horse. The king was to be de- 
 teyned in prison one quarter of ayeare, and in the 
 meane tyme three things to be effected, first, y e 
 pardon of all y e actours, the tolleration of religion, 
 
 * Feed, torn. xvii. p, 92. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 375 
 
 the reformation of abuses in y e state, namely, y e 
 removing of divers of y e counsayll, andy e placing of 
 divers Catholicks in those roomes, theemprisonm't 
 of y e Mayre and Aldermen of London, and taking 
 hostages of them to have y e City on there syde. 
 These treasons were proved by y e confession 
 chiefly of Watson, Copley, and Clark, and of M r 
 George Brooke and S r Grynyn Markh'm. M r 
 George Brooke would have excused hymself by a 
 warrant from y e king to sound y e dep'ty of the in- 
 tentions of the other practisers, but he could not 
 make it good. S r Gryffyn Markh m confessed his 
 consent to surprise y e king's person, but w*hout 
 intention of hurt to him, acknowledged his faute, 
 desired to sacrifice his lyfe in any desperate ser- 
 vice for y e kyng, yf not, then y* he might be be- 
 headyd, as he spake caryed himself w h great re- 
 solution and lyke a man. For Watson it evidently 
 appeared y* he is a most trayterous villayn, and y* 
 he drew all } e rest into there treasons. Copley 
 did deale more ingenuously, and so did Clark ; 
 Brookesby was sounded by one Greene, and pro- 
 mised ayde for y e surprise of y e king's person, butt 
 brought none ; there was no evydence against him 
 but his ovvne confession. S r Edward Parh'm was 
 brought in by Watson, who informed hym y* my 
 L. Gray, w th other puritans, intended to surprise y e 
 king's person, and required of hym, yf he would 
 ayde y e rescue of y e king, w ch he promysed uppon 
 warning, but after y t he never heard of Watson so; 
 he only by hymself wasacquited, and the other six 
 
376 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 found guilty of high treason. Now in y e discourse 
 of this treason it appeared y* there were two severall 
 treasons sett on foote at once, the one was called 
 y e by, and the other the mayne, the by was the 
 surprising of y e king's person, and the other the 
 murthering of y e king and his children, w ch they 
 called the mayne ; the mayne was S r Walter Raw- 
 ley's treason, and my L. Cobh'm's ; and it appeared 
 this day, by y e evidence gyven, y* my L. Gray is 
 deepely touched w th y e by : namely, y* he promised 
 ayde of 100 resolute gentlemen to surprise y e 
 king, and to employ a regiment in this action, w ch 
 y e king entended to gyve hym for Ostende ; it 
 appeared also y* he was privy to y e mayne trea- 
 son, for w ch I am very sorry. It appeared evi- 
 dently by y e evidence geven this day, y* Mr. 
 Brooke and Watson ye priest, was pryvye to y e 
 mayne, and that S r Gryffyn Marckm' also knew of 
 it. My L. Cecyll shewed hymself very honorable 
 in making way to y e acquitall of S r Edward Par- 
 h'm, who, for any thing v 1 appeared, knew not of 
 any treason intended for ye surprise of y e king, 
 but was abused by Watson, and made to believe y 1 
 my L. Gray, who was one of his conspiracy, had a 
 plott agaynst y e Papists ; this honourable dealing 
 of my L. Cecill did cause a great and extraordi- 
 nary applause in divers of y e hearers, by clapping 
 of handes. S r Edward Parh'm hath had better 
 happ then any man thes 45 yeares, to be acquited 
 uppon an array m't of high treaso', but next to God 
 he must thanck S r Frauncis Davey,y e foreman of 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 377 
 
 y e jury, who first made y e motion for him, other- 
 wyse it had passed sub silentio, and next he must 
 thank my L. Cecill. On Thursday next S r Wal- 
 ter Rawley shall be tryed for y e mayne, and as some 
 say Mr. Brooke agayne, and on Tuesday y e next 
 weeke the L. Cobh m and y e Lord Gray come to 
 there tryall ; yf I can I will be a hearer of both, 
 yf God will, and by y e first messinger I shall ad- 
 vertise you of some pticulartyes thereof. So 
 praying you to tak in good p* this short and cur- 
 sory report, I leave you to God's good ^tection. 
 From Wynchester this 15 th of Novemb' 1603. 
 Y r assured loving frend, 
 
 Fra. Aungier. 
 No superscription. Probably Sir George More. 
 
 (155.) 
 
 Original Royal Warrant, addressed to the Lieutenant of the 
 Tower, requiring him to permit Sir Walter Ralegh to go 
 abroad to make preparations for his voyage. 
 
 James R. 
 Wheras S r Walter Ralegh, Knight, hath been a most 
 humble suitor unto us, that wee would give him leave to 
 undertake a voyage by sea upon his owne costs and 
 charges, to whose request in that kind wee have been 
 gratiously pleased to condiscend. These are therefore to 
 will and require you forthwith to permitt him to goe 
 abroad, with such a keeper as you shall apoynt to attend 
 upon him, eyther in London or elsewher, to the end that 
 he may by that fredome the more conveniently furnish 
 himselfe with shippinge, and other necessary provitions 
 for that voyage. And for your soe doeinge this shall bee 
 
378 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 y r warrant. Geven under our signet at Whitehall, the 
 
 19th day of March 1615. 
 
 To our trustie and welbeloved 
 
 S r George More, Knt. Lief- 
 
 tenant of our Tower. 
 
 ( 156. ) 
 
 Original Royal Warrant, addressed as the preceding, fully and 
 wholly enlarging Sir Walter Ralegh, notwithstanding any 
 attainder or judgment given against him. 
 
 James, by the Grace of God Kinge of England, Scot- 
 land, Fraunce, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, &c. 
 To our trusty and well-beloved Sir George More, Knight, 
 our Lieutenant of our Tower of London, greeting. Where- 
 as Sir Walter Ralegh, Knight, haveing benn heretofore 
 by order of our Lawes convicted and attainted of high 
 treason by him committed against us and our States, 
 since which tyme, through our princely clemence, wee, 
 forbearing to execute uppon him the penaltie of our lawes, 
 have notwithstanding continewed him prisoner in our said 
 Tower, where he still remaineth as prisoner in the custody 
 of you our Lieutenant there. And whereas, by l'res un- 
 der our signett to you our said Lieutenant heretofore 
 directed, wee comaunded you to suffer the said Sir Walter 
 Ralegh to goe abroad with his keeper through our citty 
 of London or elsewhere, which accordingly you have doon, 
 as wee are informed, and which wee well lyke of and ap - 
 prove by these p'sente. Now wee, out of our princely 
 compassion, being graciously pleased that the said Sir 
 Walter Ralegh shall be noe longer continued prisoner in 
 our said Tower, but forthwith be fully enlarged and deli- 
 vered out of the same, in hope he maie and will prove 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 379 
 
 serviceable to us and our State ; wee therefore will and 
 comaunde you, our said Lieutenant of our said Tower, 
 ymediately upon the receipt of theis p'sente, fully and 
 wholly to enlarge, deliver out of our said Tower, and sett 
 at lib'tye the said Sir Walter Ralegh, the aforesaid con- 
 viction, attainder, condempnac'on, or judgment given and 
 passed against him, or any com'andement, order, or di- 
 rec'ion from us or our Privy Councell, or otherwise con- 
 c'ning the same, to the contrary thereof in any wise not- 
 withstanding. And theis p'sente shall be your sufficient 
 warrant and discharge in this behalf. In witness whereof, 
 wee have caused theis our 1'res to be made patent. Wit- 
 ness ourself, at Westm', the thirtith day of January, in 
 the fourteenth yeare of our raigne of England, Fraunce, 
 and Ireland, and of Scotland the fiftith. 
 
 Coppin. 
 p bre de privato sigillo. 
 
 Overbury's Murder. The Earl and Countess of Somerset's 
 confinement in the Tower, and trial, as accomplices 
 therein, fyc. 
 
 The following documents, with the four original letters 
 of King James to Sir George More, who had been ap- 
 pointed to the office of Lieutenant of the Tower, in the 
 place of Sir Gervas Elwes, form a singularly curious 
 elucidation corroborative of the statements of some writers 
 on the secret history of James's court, respecting that 
 mysterious affair the murder of Sir Thomas Overbury. 
 
 Robert Carr, or Kerr, a Scottish gentleman about 
 twenty years of age, of a handsome person, and elegant, 
 according to the fashion of the day, in the style of his 
 attire, (a matter of no small importance in the King's 
 eyes,) attended on the anniversary of his Majesty's Ac- 
 
380 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 cession a tilting at the court in the character of page or 
 esquire to the Lord Dingwall. 
 
 In these martial lists every champion assumed some 
 quaint distinctive device and motto, which his page was 
 to present for the inspection of the King before the feats 
 of chivalry began. 
 
 Carr, mounted on a fiery horse, and bearing his lord's 
 device, approached the King for this purpose, when 
 his steed, curveting and plunging at the sound of the 
 trumpets, the glitter of the arms, and murmur of the 
 assembled crowd, threw him, and in the fall his leg was 
 fractured. 
 
 He was removed to a house in the neighbourhood of 
 Whitehall, visited by the King himself, attended by his 
 own surgeons, and, as marked for a future royal favourite, 
 soon loaded with the inquiries of the courtly crew, to 
 such an oppressive degree that the King was obliged to 
 issue particular orders that he should be left in quiet until 
 his recovery could be perfected. 
 
 James knighted him, made him a gentleman of his bed- 
 chamber, and took the pains himself to give him lessons 
 in the Latin tongue. The Earl of Dunbar, the King's 
 ancient confidant, dying about this time, Carr was ap- 
 pointed Lord High Treasurer of Scotland in his room, 
 and elevated to the dignity of Viscount Rochester, not 
 without exciting the jealousy of the Prince of Wales, who 
 beheld in him a dangerous rival in his father's favour. 
 
 The Lord Treasurer, Robert Cecil, Earl of Salisbury, 
 had formed an alliance with the family of Howard, by 
 marrying his elder son, William Lord Cranbourne, to 
 Catherine, elder daughter of Thomas Howard, Earl of 
 Suffolk, the Lord Chamberlain, second son of the last 
 Duke of Norfolk, and was further instrumental in marry- 
 ing the Lady Frances Howard, another daughter of the 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 38 J 
 
 same stock, to the Earl of Essex. This last was a match 
 of a most premature nature, the bride being only thirteen 
 years of age, the bridegroom fourteen. Thus affianced, 
 the young Earl of Essex set out to travel in foreign parts, 
 and his Countess returned to the care of her mother. 
 
 Her father being Lord Chamberlain, and her mother 
 not altogether of that unblemished character, which in 
 the female sex is always accompanied by a prudent cir- 
 cumspection, the Countess of Essex was suffered to mix, 
 at the early age above mentioned, in all the vanities and 
 temptations of a profligate court; the danger of which 
 measure was heightened by her acknowledged beauty, 
 which soon constituted her the idol of general admiration, 
 and the object of amorous addresses. 
 
 Henry Prince of Wales was himself one of her unlawful 
 suitors ; but the lady lent a more complacent ear to the 
 aspirations of the King's new favourite, the fortunate 
 page, now Earl of Rochester. 
 
 In the mean time, after an absence of three or four 
 years, her husband Essex returns ; he finds the affections 
 of his youthful consort to all appearance cold and indif- 
 ferent towards him ; she declines to live with him as his 
 wife, and he attributing this, unwillingness to the diffidence 
 of youth, applies to her father to prevail on her to abandon 
 so unreasonable a line of conduct. 
 
 The first principles of virtue in the Countess being un- 
 dermined, her mind revolted at the idea of retiring with 
 her husband to his seat in the country, or residing with 
 him on conjugal terms. 
 
 A belief in the arts of necromancy is well known to 
 have characterized this age ; a creed which had the king 
 himself for its patron, and rooted superstition for it.s 
 source. Nay, there is little doubt but many practised 
 and studied it from a confidence in its efficacy, and thus 
 
382 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 had really dealings with the Prince of Darkness, as far as 
 the gross impiety and turpitude of such attempts could 
 place them in connexion with him. 
 
 The Countess determines to apply to some black ma- 
 gician of the day, in order to divert the affection of her 
 husband from her, debilitate his body, and heighten and 
 inflame the illicit passion of Rochester. Shakspeare has 
 caught the prevailing idea of the time, which attributed 
 such power to love potions, and beautifully described 
 their effects, in his Midsummer Night's Dream : 
 
 " Having once this juice, 
 I'll watch Titania when she is asleep, 
 And drop the liquor of it in her eyes. 
 The next thing then she waking looks upon, 
 Be it a lion, bear, or wolf, or bull, 
 Or meddling monkey, or busy ape, 
 She shall pursue it with the soul of love." 
 
 The Countess of Essex finds a willing assistant in a 
 profligate woman, Mrs. Turner, who introduces her to 
 Dr. Forman, of Lambeth, a reputed wizard. He is made 
 acquainted with the nature of the case, and of the opera- 
 tion required from his spells. He produces several little 
 images, intended to represent Viscount Rochester, the 
 Earl of Essex, and the Countess herself, assuming a power 
 of working upon them by these forms, sympathetically. 
 
 He dispenses also his philtrous doses, to be admi- 
 nistered to the respective parties ; and Mrs. Turner hav- 
 ing an inclination for Sir Arthur Manwaring, a gentleman 
 of the Prince's household, some of the love-powder was 
 secretly administered by her intervention to him, by the 
 effect of which they believed he was made to ride fifteen 
 miles in a dark night, through a storm of rain and thun- 
 der, to visit her. The most absurd circumstances are 
 turned to matters of credence by the superstitious, and 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 383 
 
 Providence often chooses to confound the wicked by a 
 false confidence ill their own machinations. 
 
 The Countess was equally credulous as to the operation 
 of these doses on her own husband and on Rochester, and 
 observed with admiration their effects, although the licen- 
 tious passion of the one which she encouraged, and her 
 coldness towards the other, were quite sufficient to fan 
 the lawless flame on one side, and extinguish conjugal 
 affection on the other, without the aid of the Sidrophel of 
 Lambeth. 
 
 The Earl of Essex, however, now beginning too plainly 
 to observe the misdirected inclinations of his wife, inter- 
 fered once more with her father, to point out to her the 
 obedience due to him as a husband, and, fortified by his 
 authority, removed his Countess to his seat at Chartley, 
 one hundred miles from the court. 
 
 On her arrival there, she affected to be overcome with 
 a deep melancholy, refused all society whatever with the 
 Earl, shut herself up in her chamber with her female at- 
 tendants, and stirred out only in the dead of the night. 
 
 In the mean time, she continues to receive and admi- 
 nister Forman's damnable compositions to her husband, 
 by means of her corrupted agents. He, wearied at length 
 with her humour, and thinking he had married one either 
 lunatic or possessed of a devil, even let her return to the 
 Court, as the sphere most suitable to her phantasies. 
 
 The Earl of Salisbury now dying, Rochester becomes 
 principal Secretary in his stead, manager of all court busi- 
 ness, and dispenser of all court favours. 
 
 In the mean time the Countess of Essex, hastening to 
 consummate the objects of her machinations, institutes a 
 suit for a divorce from her husband, on grounds which 
 prove her to have been destitute of the bare assumption 
 of an outward modesty, and submitted to such a proce- 
 
384 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 dure, at a court commissioned for this particular cause by 
 the king, as forbids the pen of history at the present day 
 from entering minutely into the record of her pro- 
 fligacy.* 
 
 A jury of grave matrons return a verdict favourable to 
 the allegations on which her suit is founded, and the 
 Commissioners, the Bishops of Winchester, Ely, Coven- 
 try and Lichfield, and Rochester, Sir Julius Caesar, Sir 
 Thomas Parry, and Sir Daniel Dun, sign a sentence of 
 divorce, in which the sacred name of the Source of all 
 purity and created being is invoked as a sanction to a 
 decree, the details of which are superlatively disgusting. 
 
 * A curious notice of this suit, corroborative also of the Coun- 
 tess's dealings with the professors of the black art, will be found 
 in Winwood, which shows that those practices had nearly proved 
 an obstacle to her divorce. The writer of the letter in which 
 it is found (Mr. John Chamberlayne), after stating there was a 
 rumour of a divorce to be prosecuted this term between the 
 Earl of Essex and his lady ; and to that end he was content 
 to confess (whether true or feigned) infirmity in himself, 
 &c. ; continues, " but there happened an accident that hath 
 altered the case ; for she having sought out a certain wise 
 •woman, had much conference with her, and she, after the na- 
 ture of such creatures, drawing much money from her, at last 
 cozened her of a jewel of great value, for which being appre- 
 hended and clapt up, she accused the lady of diverse strange 
 questions, and in conclusion that she had dealt with her for the 
 making away of her lord, as aiming at another mark ; upon 
 which scandal and slander the Lord Chamberlain and his 
 friends think it not fit to proceed in the divorce." — Mr. John 
 Chamberlaine to Sir Ralph Winwood. Memorials, vol. iii. p. 
 453. This scandal and slander, I suppose, was hushed up, for 
 the suit proceeded. 
 
 f See Wilson's Life of James the First, p. 69. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 385 
 
 The Archbishop of Canterbury and the Bishop of Lon- 
 don^ to their honour, declined acting, although named 
 in the commission. 
 
 The King favoured the whole proceeding, in order, 
 doubtless, to gratify the inclinations of his favourite ; nor 
 was, indeed, this the first time he had been instrumental 
 to a divorce on a similar plea. 
 
 The Earl of Rochester had for his secretary and confiden- 
 tial friend one Sir Thomas Overbury, a man, it is said, 
 presuming much on the power of his master, and building, 
 like other inferiors, a sort of pride on that foundation, 
 highly repulsive to the noblemen of the court. 
 
 Rochester consults his secretary on the matter of his 
 proposed marriage with the divorced Countess, not so 
 much, it may be presumed, with a view of really taking 
 advice, but rather (like the old man in Moliere, who asks 
 counsel of a friend about marrying a young girl,) for 
 approbation. Overbury, however, had the decent honesty 
 boldly to counsel his master against marrying the wife of 
 another man, divorced at her own instance on such 
 allegations. 
 
 Overbury's opinion was soon, however, divulged to the 
 Countess by her lover, and by the Countess herself to her 
 great-uncle, Henry Howard, Earl of Northampton, an 
 old and lofty courtier, who thinking his family insulted by 
 this interference of so mean an instrument as Overbury, 
 and his niece's prospects of a powerful alliance put in 
 jeopardy, is said to have sanctioned a plot to ruin Over- 
 bury at court, and finally to dispatch him by poison. 
 Such were the fruits of good counsel given to the wicked. 
 
 The King purposing to send an ambassador to a foreign 
 court, Rochester recommended Overbury for the charge, 
 who was appointed by the King accordingly. At the same 
 
 2 c 
 
386 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 time Rochester advises Overbury to decline the office, 
 telling him that it would separate him from an indulgent 
 master, and through his influence from much higher pro- 
 spects at home. Overbury, in consequence, declines the 
 commission, and Rochester, in accordance with the pre- 
 concerted plan, fails not privately to incense the King 
 against him for such an act of disrespectful presumption. 
 James, little disposed to yield one iota of that implicit 
 obedience which he conceived was due to his own earthly 
 divinity, ordered Overbury to be forthwith committed to 
 rigorous confinement in the Tower.* 
 
 * The following account of this transaction is found in a 
 letter inserted in Winwood's interesting Memorials, the co- 
 louring given to it is somewhat different, owing perhaps to the 
 writer being unacquainted with the underplot. 
 
 Mr. John Packer to Sir Ralph Winwood. 
 " Right honourable, London, 22d April, 1613 O. S. 
 
 " Since I wrote to my lady there is fallen out an accident 
 whereof I thought fit to advertize your lordship. Yesterday, 
 about six of the clock, my Lord Chancellor and my Lord of 
 Pembroke were employed by the King to speak with Sir Thomas 
 Overbury, and to make him an offer of an ambassage into the 
 Low Countries or France, which he would. Wherto he made 
 answer that he was not capable of such imployment, for want of 
 language, nor able to undergoe it by reason of his weakness, 
 being so exceedingly troubled with the spleen, that if he had a 
 long letter to write he was feign to give over, therefore he 
 should not be fit to attend to any business, as in accepting this 
 offer he, must be forced to do ; and whereas it was alleadged 
 that his Majesty intended this for his good and preferment, he 
 would not leave his country for any preferment in the world. 
 Some say he added some other speech which was very ill taken. 
 This report being made to the King, he sent my Lord of Pem- 
 broke for the Lords who were in Council (my Lord Chancellor 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 387 
 
 The Countess of Somerset had now lost one of her 
 minor instruments, who might have been useful in the 
 last stage of the tragedy for which Overbury was destined. 
 The conjuror Forman was summoned by sudden death to 
 that invisible world with which he pretended to have in- 
 tercourse.* Mrs. Turner, of all her diabolical machinists 
 
 staying still with his Majesty) to whom he declared, when they 
 were come, that he could not obtaine so much of a gentleman 
 and one of his servants, as to accept an honourable imployment 
 for him. In conclusion he gave them order to send for him and 
 to send him to the Tower, where he is close prisoner. Now for 
 my Lord of Rochester, who had but newly begun to leave his 
 chamber, he knew nothing till all was done and he gone, which 
 your lordship may imagine did much perplex him." Winwood's 
 Memorials, vol. Hi. p. 447. 
 
 The rigour of Overbury's confinement is shewn by a passage 
 in another letter, addressed by Mr. John Chamberlaine to Sir 
 Ralph Winwood, which says, " Sir Robert Killegrew was yes- 
 terday committed to the Fleet from the Counsayl table for 
 having some little speech with Sir Thomas Overbury, who called 
 to him as he passed by his window, as he came from visiting 
 Sir Walter Raleigh." Ibid. p. 455. 
 
 That the King and Rochester understood one another very 
 well, with regard to Overbury's committal, may be inferred 
 from another passage in this letter, which says, " Some say my 
 Lord of Rochester took Sir Thomas Overbury's committing to 
 heart. Others talk as if it were a great diminution of his favour 
 and credit, which the King doubting would not have it so con- 
 strued, but the next day told the Council that he meant him 
 dayly more grace and favour, as should be seen in a short time, 
 and that he took more delight and contentment in his company 
 than in any man's living." Ibid. 453. 
 
 * In Lysons's Environs of London, under Lambeth, we have 
 the following Memoir of Forman : 
 
 " Sept. 12, 1611. Simon Forman, gent, buried. This was For- 
 2 c 2 
 
388 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 alone remained. She bethought herself of her deceased 
 husband the physician's man, Weston, well acquainted 
 
 man, the celebrated astrologer 5 he was of a very respectable 
 family, being the grandson of Sir Thomas Forman, of Leeds, 
 knight, and great-grandson of another Sir Thomas Forman. He 
 was born at Quidham, in Wiltshire, in 1552, and was appren- 
 ticed to a druggist in Salisbury. He afterwards set up a school 
 there, and having acquired the sum of forty shillings, set off to 
 Oxford, where he became a poor scholar at Magdalen College, 
 and continued there two years. He then applied himself to the 
 study of physic and astrology, and after having travelled to 
 Holland for that purpose, settled in Philpot-lane, where his 
 practice was opposed by the physicians, and he was four times 
 fined and imprisoned. To obviate these difficulties he went to 
 study at Cambridge, where he took a doctor's degree and got a 
 license to practise. Being thus fortified against all future at- 
 tacks, he settled at Lambeth, where he openly professed the 
 joint occupation of a physician and astrologer. « Here he lived,' 
 says Lilly, ' with good respect of the neighbourhood, being very 
 charitable to the poor, and was very judicious and fortunate in 
 horary questions and sicknesses. He was much resorted to by 
 all ranks of people ; among others the famous Countess of Essex 
 applied to him for his assistance in her wicked doings, and 
 wrote many letters to him, in which she calls him dear father, 
 and subscribes herself your < affectionate daughter FrancesEssex.' 
 Lilly says, that Forman would frequently lock himself up in his 
 study to avoid her, but the contrary appeared upon the trial of 
 the Countess of Essex and Mrs. Turner for the murder of Sir 
 Thomas Overbury. Upon the Countess's trial a book of Dr. 
 Forman's was produced, in which he made all his visitors write 
 their names with their own hands, before he would proceed to 
 exercise his art. It is said that the recital of the names pro- 
 duced much mirth in the Court, and that the Chief Justice 
 Coke found his own lady's name upon the first leaf. A strange 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 38,9 
 
 with the power of drugs, and she found him ready, on the 
 promised reward of two hundred pounds, to apply them to 
 any purpose. Shakspeare had good precedent in this man 
 for the conduct of his starved apothecary, in a case not 
 half so culpable : 
 
 " Come hither, man. I see that thou art poor. 
 Hold, there are forty ducats : — let me have 
 A dram of poison ; such soon -spreading geer 
 As will disperse itself through all the veins." 
 Sir Thomas Monson, the head Falconer to the King, 
 who was afterwards committed and tried as an accessory 
 to the murder of Overbury, was employed to recom- 
 mend this fellow to Sir Gervase Elwes, the Lieutenant of 
 
 story of Dr. Forman's death is thus told by Lilly. The Mon- 
 day night before he died, his wife and he being at supper in 
 their garden house, she being pleasant, told him that she had 
 been informed, he could resolve whether man or wife should 
 die first. ' Whether shall J (quoth she) bury you or no?' — * Oh 
 Trunco !' for so he called her, ' thou wilt bury me, but thou wilt 
 sore repent it. — ' Yea, but how long first* — ' I shall die/ said he, 
 * on Thursday night.' Monday came, all was well. Tuesday 
 came, he was not sick. Wednesday came, and still he was well; 
 with which his impertinent wife did twit him in the teeth. 
 Thursday came, and dinner was ended, he very well j he 
 went down to the water side, and took a pair of oars, to go to 
 some buildings he was in hand with in Puddle Dock. Being in 
 the middle of the Thames he presently fell down, only saying 
 '■ an impost, an impost/ and so died • a most sad storm of wind 
 immediately ensued. He died worth one thousand two hun- 
 dred pounds, and left one son named Clement. Dr. Forman 
 published several works on the Philosopher's Stone, Magic, As- 
 trology, and Natural History, two treatises on the Plague, and 
 some religious tracts. Some of his MSS. on Astrology are in 
 the British Museum. Dr. Forman's pupil and successor was 
 Dr. Napier." — See Lysons's Environs, in Surrey, vol. i. p. 303. 
 
390 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 the Tower, and Elwes introduced him to Overbury, as an 
 attendant. 
 
 Overbury' s food was dressed in the Lieutenants 
 kitchen ; and the latter is assured by the Earl of North- 
 ampton that it will be acceptable to the King to have him 
 removed. 
 
 One Franklin furnished the drugs which were mingled 
 with Overbury's food ; and it was given in evidence on 
 the trial that corrosive sublimate was introduced into the 
 salt which he took with it. Jellies were prepared and sent 
 him by the pretended kindness of the Countess of Essex 
 and Mrs. Turner, by the hands of Sir Thomas Monson. 
 
 The Countess being freed from the bond of her first 
 contracted marriage, and her husband obliged even to re- 
 pay her portion, for which purpose he is constrained to 
 sell one of his patrimonial estates, her marriage with Ro- 
 chester is celebrated at the court with great pomp. She 
 appears in the habit of a virgin bride, her beautiful tresses 
 flowing over her shoulders to her feet ; the King gives 
 masks at Whitehall to celebrate these unhallowed rites, 
 and the City is expected to pay their compliments to 
 these two minions of his favour. A stately banquet is 
 prepared at Merchant - taylors' Hall, whither the bride 
 and bridegroom ride covered with jewels and costly at- 
 tire, in public procession, by torchlight, followed by the 
 courtiers of either sex. 
 
 In the mean time Overbury,* cut off from all communi 
 cation with his friends, languishes under the slow but 
 deadly operation of the poisonous drugs mixed with his 
 
 * A letter from Overbury to Rochester is printed in Win- 
 wood's Memorials, (vol. iii. p. 478,) bitterly reproaching him 
 with ingratitude, and telling him that all his reward for 
 services done to him is "a prison, upon such terms that never 
 man suffered yet." 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 391 
 
 food, and a dose daily administered by Franklin as a me- 
 dicine, until death puts an end to his sufferings. Roches- 
 ter in the following year was elevated to the titles of Earl 
 of Somerset and Baron Brancepeth. 
 
 The workers of these iniquities did not, however, long 
 revel in their success with impunity. The old Earl of 
 Northampton shortly afterwards died. Somerset found a 
 rival in George Villiers, who had begun to attract the 
 King's notice. The Queen regarded Somerset with a very 
 inauspicious eye ; and Sir Ralph Winwood, the Ambassa- 
 dor to the States, now Secretary of State, willingly be- 
 comes the instrument for searching into the misde- 
 meanors of the tottering favourite. Franklin, the apo- 
 thecary who furnished the poisonous drugs to Weston, to 
 be administered to Overbury, being taken sick in Holland? 
 made an open confession of the whole matter, and Sir 
 Ralph Winwood is made acquainted with the circum- 
 stances, which soon become the subject of public con- 
 versation. 
 
 The King, seeing perhaps a good occasion now to be 
 rid of Somerset, sends for the Judges of his Courts, and 
 gives them the strictest charge to examine into the facts 
 of the alleged murder, and kneeling down, imprecates the 
 curse of God on himself and his posterity, if he does not 
 bring the perpetrators of it to condign punishment. The 
 Chief Justice Coke issues his warrant for the apprehen- 
 sion of Somerset, who flies to the King at Royston for 
 redress from such an insult. The latter received him, it 
 is said, with the cool observation — " Thou must go, then 
 man ! for if Coke send for me, I must go too." Still he 
 dissembles, in the due style of what he termed "king- 
 craft" sufficiently to attend him to the head of the stairs, 
 and to exclaim, " For God's sake, when shall I see thee 
 again ? On my soul, I shall neither eat nor sleep until 
 
392 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 you come again ! " Somerset replied he hoped to return 
 to the court again on Monday, it being then Friday. The 
 King then putting his arms round his neck, and lolling on 
 him, as he descended the stairs with him, added, " For 
 God's sake, then, give thy lady this kiss for me ! " and 
 kissed him, which salutation he repeated at the stair foot. 
 Somerset was scarcely entered his coach, when the King 
 turned on his heel, exclaiming, " Now the de'il go with 
 thee — I shall never see thy face mair." 
 
 On Somerset's arrival in London he was committed to 
 the Tower, to the custody of Sir George More, and his 
 Countess was restrained under charge of Sir William 
 Smyth at the Blackfriars. The accomplices in the 
 murder were first arraigned, and suffered; being Wes- 
 ton, Mrs. Turner, and Sir Gervase Elwes. The lat- 
 ter, indeed, obtained some pity, as he had been only 
 the passive accomplice of the deed. He was convicted 
 on some few expressions contained in a letter from him to 
 Northampton, and bore in his dying words a strong tes- 
 timony to the force of conscience. "At my arraignment," 
 said he, " I pleaded hard for my life, and protested mine 
 innocency ; but when my own pen came against me, I was 
 not able to speak, but stood as one amazed, or that had 
 no tongue." * 
 
 * In Winwood's Memorials are given two letters from Sir 
 Gervase Elwes to the Earl of Northampton ; one seems to be 
 written as a sort of" blind, and to be meant for inspection in case 
 of searching the Lieutenant's papers ; the other, in the Earl's 
 hand, for pretty obvious reasons, is not signed with his name, 
 and runs as follows. " Worthy Mr. Lieutenant, Let me intreat 
 you to call Lidcote, and three or four of his friends, if so many 
 come to view the body, if theyhave not already done it, and so 
 soon as it is viewed, without staying the coming of the messen- 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 393 
 
 When Somerset's trial was about to come on, Weldon 
 relates that Sir George More telling him he must go to 
 trial the next day, he exclaimed, " They must carry me in 
 my bed, then; for I shall not go to trial, nor dare the 
 King bring me to any ! " These words so alarmed the 
 trusty Lieutenant, that late as it was, twelve at night, he 
 took boat and proceeded to Greenwich, where, on his 
 arrival, finding all the household retired to rest, he went 
 to the back stairs, and knocking violently at the door, 
 John Loreston, one of the grooms in waiting, started from 
 his slumber, and demanded who knocked so boisterously 
 at such an hour. Sir George More. " I must speak with 
 the King." Loreston. u He is quiet " (a Scottish phrase for 
 asleep) . Sir G. More. " You must awake him then, for I 
 have matter of great import for his Majesty's ear." Sir 
 George was accordingly at length introduced into the pre- 
 sence, and the King hearing his relation, exclaimed, " On 
 my soul, More, I know not what to do ! Thou art a wise 
 man, help me in this great strait, and thou shalt find 
 thou servest a thankful master." Sir George accordingly 
 returns to the Tower, tells Somerset that he found the 
 King full of grace and mercy towards him, but that he must 
 
 ger from the Court, in any case, see it enterr'd in the body of 
 the chapel within the Tower instantly. If they have viewed, 
 then bury it by and by, for it is time, considering the humours 
 of that damn'd crew, that only desire to move pity and raise 
 scandals. Let no mans instance move you to make stay in any 
 case y and bring me these letters when I next see you. Fail not a 
 jot herein as you love your friends, nor after Lidcote an# his 
 friends have viewed stay one minute, but let the priest be ready, 
 and if Lidcote be not there, send for him speedily, pretending 
 that the body will not tarry. Yours ever." 
 
 " In post haste at 12." Memorials, vol. iii. p. 482. 
 
394 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 make his appearance to satisfy the preliminary forms of 
 justice, and he shall then return without further proceed- 
 ings had. It is added that two servants were kept in rea- 
 diness by Sir George all the time of Somerset's arraign- 
 ment, with a view to smother his voice if he uttered any 
 thing to impeach the King ; in order that he might be taken 
 away from the bar, we suppose, as one distract: and it is not 
 a little remarkable, that the King, in the following letters, 
 dwells much on the idea of Somerset being mad, if he 
 should say the King had any share in the poisoning. 
 
 What impartial mind can altogether acquit James under 
 these suspicious circumstances ? He might, without a di- 
 rect participation, have heard hints from Somerset, while 
 in the height of favour, that Overbury was not likely to be 
 in a condition ever again so flagrantly to disobey the 
 commands of a gracious sovereign ; and like one of his 
 predecessors, whose story our great Bard has so 
 strikingly drawn, 
 
 " It was his curse to be attended 
 By slaves that took his humours for a warrant, 
 To break within the bloody house of life, 
 And on the winking of authority, 
 To understand a law ; to know a meaning, 
 Of dangerous Majesty ; when perchance it frown'd, 
 More upon humour than advised respect." 
 
 The King, says Weldon, on the day of trial sent to 
 every boat he saw, for news how the cause was proceeding, 
 cursing (according to his custom) all those which brought 
 none. At length arrived one with the news of Somerset's 
 condemnation ; then this great master of kingcraft became 
 calm. Weldon states all this on the authority of Sir George 
 More's own relation, who told him the story, he says, with- 
 out any injunction of secrecy ; and this might well be, from 
 the indifference with which Sir GeorgeMore's services appear 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 395 
 
 to have been requited by King James, as is evident from 
 some documents in the Loseley collection. Before we pass 
 to the interesting autograph letters of the King, and the 
 other papers extant at Loseley relative to Overbury^s mat- 
 ter, it may be well to add that the Earl and Countess of 
 Somerset, notwithstanding the King's solemn declaration 
 at the first institution of the proceedings, which has been 
 cited above, were admitted to his mercy. They became 
 indifferent to each other, and lived apart in obscurity and 
 neglect, the objects of public contempt and execration. 
 She died before her husband, of a decay so loathsome, 
 that historians have noticed it as a manifest visitation of 
 heaven upon her crimes. 
 
 ( 157- ) 
 
 The Council to the Lieutenant of the Tower. Permission 
 granted to the Earl of Somerset to see an agent relative to 
 his private business, in the Lieutenant's presence, and not 
 otherwise. 
 
 After o r very hartie commendac'ons, wheras 
 humble suite hath bin made unto us that Thomas 
 Emerson may be admitted access unto the Earle 
 of Somersett, now prisoner in the Towre, to con- 
 fer w th him touchinge the rents of his lands, and 
 other his domesticall affaires. We have therefore 
 bin moved heereby to will and require you to suffer 
 the said Thomas Emerson to have access and con- 
 fer w th the said Earle concerninge the rents of his 
 lands, and other his domesticall affaires, in your 
 presence and hearinge, and not otherwise, for w ch 
 
396' THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 this shalbe your warrant. Dated at Whitehall, this 
 22 of Novemb. 161,5. 
 
 Your loveinge friends, 
 T. Ellesmere, Cane. Lennox. 
 Edw. Coke. 
 To the Lieutenant of the Toure. 
 
 (158.) 
 
 The Council to the same. The Countess of Somerset is to be 
 removed from the Blackfriars, where she is restrained, and 
 committed close prisoner to the Tower. 
 
 After o r verey. hartie comendac'ons, forasmuch 
 as it is his Ma' ties pleasure that the Countesse of 
 Somersett be removed from the Blacke friers, 
 where she is restrained, to the Towre of London. 
 This shallbe to will and require you to repaire to 
 the place of her restrainte, and there to receive 
 from the hands of S r William Smyth, K*. the per- 
 son of the said Countess of Somersett, and to carie 
 her to the Towre, ther to remayne close prisoner 
 under your charge, admittinge such persons to 
 attend her as are now w th her at the Blackfriers, 
 to be shutt up close w th her, as is usuall in such 
 cases, togeather w lh such honorable usage as is 
 convenient and fittinge a prisoner of her quality, 
 for w ch this shalbe your warrant. From the Court 
 at Whitehall, the 27 of March, 1616. 
 
 Your verey lovinge friends, 
 
 T. Ellesmere, Cane. Lenox. 
 
 E. Zouch. Edw. Coke. 
 
 Lieutenant of the Towre. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 39/ 
 
 (159.) 
 
 The Council to the same. The Countess of Somerset has made 
 humble suit for a divine to be admitted to her, to afford her 
 spiritual consolation, and for permission to walk in the gar- 
 den adjoining the place of her confinement. 
 
 After o r verie hartie com'endac'ons, uppon 
 humble sute made unto us for a preacher to be 
 admitted to the Countesse of Somerset, nowe 
 prisoner in the Tower, and that she may be suf- 
 fered to walke in the garden adjoining to her 
 lodging, for her health. These shalbe to will and 
 require yo' to make choise of som discreete and 
 sufficent p'son to have accesse to the said lady, to 
 reade prayers and to preache unto her, in yo r pre- 
 sens and hering ; and also in yo r presens, and not 
 otherwise, to suffer her to walke in the said gar- 
 den, at fit and convenient tymes : ffor w ch this 
 shall be yo r warrant. And so we bid yo' fFarwell. 
 From Whytehall, the vii th of Maye, 1616. 
 Yo r very loving frendes, 
 
 T. Ellesmere, Cane. 
 
 E. Zouche. 
 
 Edw. Coke. 
 Lieutenant of the Tower. 
 
398 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 ( 160. ) 
 
 Sir George Villiers, afterwards Duke of Buckingham, to the 
 Lieutenant of the Tower, concerning the same matter. 
 
 Whereas his Ma tie was pleased to give leave to 
 the Ladie Knollys to repayre sometimes to the 
 Tower, and to see her sister, the Countesse of 
 Somerset, but not to have any speach w th her 
 saving only in yo r presence and audience. Now 
 his Ma tie , considering that, by reason of her often 
 accesse and long tarrying, it will be a great in- 
 convenience to your self to be tyed to such con- 
 tineall attendance upon them, is pleased that the 
 presence of yo r owne wife, or yo r Sonne's wife, 
 shalbe sufficient for that purpose, at such tymes 
 as yo r self shall have occasion to be absent, or 
 thinke it fitt to w th drawe yo r self from their com- 
 panie. And so I rest 
 
 Yo r very loving frend, 
 
 George Villiers. 
 Grenewich, the 18 of June 1616. 
 
 (161.) 
 
 The Council to the same. The Countess to be allowed the 
 attendance of her cook and butler. 
 
 After o r very harty commendasions. Whereas 
 humble suite hath ben made unto us by the Coun- 
 tesse of Somerset that her cook and bottleman 
 may be admitted to attend her in the Tower. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 399 
 
 This shalbe to will and require yo' to suffer the 
 said cooke and bottleman to attende upon the 
 Countesse of Somersett, in such manner as the 
 E. of Somersett's cooke and bottleman do now 
 attend him. Yo' may likewise suffer yo r Ladie to 
 accompanie the Countesse at all times as shalbe 
 requisite. For w ch this shalbe yo r warrant ; and 
 so we byd yo w hartily farewell. From Whitehall, 
 
 this of Aprill, 1616. 
 
 Yo r very lovinge freindes, 
 
 T. Ellesmere. Lenox. 
 E. Zouche. Edw. Coke. 
 
 (162.) 
 
 Sir George Villiers to the same. He has spoken with the King 
 on the subject of the Lieutenant's letter touching the Earl 
 and Countess of Somerset. Communicates his Majesty's plea- 
 sure thereon. 
 
 Sr > 
 
 I have moved his Ma tie upon yo r letter touching 
 my Lord and my Ladie of Somersett, who for the 
 first point is contented that you lodge them as 
 neare one to the other as may conveniently be ; 
 tut for lodging them together in one lodging, he 
 desireth to know yo r opinion, and what you thinke 
 fitt to be done in that case before he yield unto it. 
 
 Touchinge the other point, of free accesse to 
 my Lord by his frends, according to his gracious 
 
400 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 favor yielded to my Ladie in that kinde, his Ma tie 
 doth not well understand yo r meaning therein, 
 remembring that all w ch he graunted to my Ladie 
 was in the tyme of her distresse, that her sisters 
 might come to her. His Ma tie therefore desireth 
 to understand yo r meaning in that point more 
 plainly, what his desire is, and w th all yo r opinion ; 
 being willing to graunt him as much favo r therein 
 as may stand w th his own hono r , and the safetie of 
 the Tower, in regard of the example w ch other 
 prisoners would perhaps insist upon for them- 
 selves. And so, expecting your answeare, I rest 
 Yo r very loving frend, 
 
 George Villiers. 
 Woodstock, xxv th of August, 1616. 
 
 To my very worthy frend S r 
 George More, the Lieutenant of 
 the Tower of London. 
 
 (163.) 
 
 The King to Sir George More j an autograph and confi- 
 dential letter. He knows how he has urged Somerset to 
 confess his crime, and thus honour God and the King, and 
 leave the King some place for his mercy to xork upon. 
 
 Goode Sir George, 
 As the onlie confidence I had in your honestie 
 made me, without the knowledge of any, putte 
 you in that place of truste quhiche ye nou pos- 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 401 
 
 sesse, so trmste I nou use youre truste and se- 
 creatie in a tiling greatlie concerning my honoure 
 and service. Ye knowe Somersette's daye of 
 tryall is at hande, and ye knowe also quhat faire 
 meanes I have usid to move him, by confess- 
 ing the trewthe, to honoure God and me, and 
 leave some place for my mercie to worke upon. 
 I have now at last sent the bearare heerof, an 
 honeste gentleman, and quho once followid him, 
 with suche directions unto him, as, if thaire be a 
 sponke of grace iefte in him, I hoape thaye shall 
 worke a goode effecte. My onlie desyre is, that 
 ye wolde make his convoye unto him in suche 
 secreatie as none living may knowe of it, and 
 that, after his speaking with him in private, he 
 may be returned bakke againe as secreatlie. So, 
 reposing myself upon your faithfull and secreate 
 handling of this busienesse, I bidde you hartelie 
 fair well. , James R. 
 
 Endorsed in S r George More's hand, 
 " 9 th of May, about one of the clock 
 in th' afternoone, 161 6." 
 
 ( 164. ) 
 
 The King to the same ; autographic and confidential. If So- 
 merset will yet before his trial confess, the King will perform 
 what he has promised towards him and his wife. 
 
 Goode Sir George, 
 Althogh I feare that the laste message I sent to 
 2d 
 
402 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 you re infortunate prisoner shall not take the 
 effecte that I wishe it shoulde, yett I can not 
 leave of to use all meanes possible to move him to 
 doe that quhiche is both most honorable for me, 
 and his owin best. Ye shall thairfore give him 
 assurance in my name, that if he will yett before 
 his tryall confesse cleerlie unto the comissionars 
 his guilteinesse of this fact, I will not onlie per- 
 form e (juhat I promeised by my last messinger 
 both towardis him and his wyfe, but I will enlarge 
 it, according to the phrase of the civill lawe, quod 
 gratiae sunt ampliandee. I meane not that he 
 shall confesse if he be innocent, but ye know T e 
 how evil! lykelie that is, and of youre seife ye 
 may dispute with him, quhat shoulde meane his 
 confidence nou to endure a tryall, quhen as he 
 rem'bers that this last winter he confessid to the 
 Cheefe Iustice that his cause was so evill lykelie, 
 as he knew T no iurie coulde quyte him. Assure 
 him that I proteste upon my honour, my ende in 
 this is for his and his wyefes goode ; ye will doe 
 well lyke wayes, of your selfe to caste out unto 
 him, that ye feare his wyfe shall pleade weaklie 
 for his innocencie, and that ye fynde the comis" 
 sioners have, ye know not how, some secreate 
 assurance that in the ende she will confesse of 
 him ; but this must onlie be as from your selfe, 
 and thairfore ye muste not lette him knowe that 
 I have written unto you, but onlie that I sent you 
 private worde to deliver him this message. Lett 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 403 
 
 none living knowe of this, and if it take goode 
 effect, move him to sende in haste for the comis- 
 sioners to give thaime satisfaction, but if he re- 
 maine obstinate, I desyre not that ye shoulde 
 trouble me with an ansoure, for it is to no ende, 
 and no newis is bettir then evill newis, and so fair 
 well, and God blesse youre labours. 
 
 James R. 
 Endorsed in Sir George More's writing, 
 « 13 th of May 1616." 
 
 (165.) 
 
 King James to Sir George More, as Lieutenant of the Tower ; 
 an autographic and confidential letter, relative to the Earl of 
 Somerset. If he would send him any message concerning 
 the poisoning it need not be private ; if he has any thing else 
 to communicate, the King cannot with honour receive it till 
 after his trial, which may serve the Earl's turn as well. 
 
 Goode Sir George, 
 I am extreamlie sorie that your unfortunate 
 prisoner turnis all the great caire I have of him, 
 not onlie against himselfe, but against me also, 
 as farre as he can. I cannot blame you, that ye 
 cannot coniecture quhat this maye be, for God 
 knowis it is only a trikke of his ydle braine, hoap- 
 ing thairby to shifte his tryall ; but is easie to be 
 seene that he wolde threattin me with laying an 
 aspersion upon me of being in some sorte acces- 
 sorie to his cryme, I can doe no more (since God 
 
 °2v 2 
 
404 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 so abstractes his grace from him), then repete the 
 substance of that letre quhiche the Lorde Haye 
 sent you yesternight, quhiche is this : if he wolde 
 writte or send me any message concerning this 
 poysoning it needis not be private ; if it be of any 
 other bussienesse, that quhiche I can not now 
 with honoure ressave privatlie, I maye doe it after 
 his try all, and serve the turne as well ; for ex- 
 cepte ather his tryall or confession prsecede, I 
 cannot heare a private message from him, without 
 laying an aspersion upon myselfe of being an 
 accessorie to his cryme, and I praye you to urge 
 him by reason, that I refuse him no favoure 
 quhiche I can graunte him, without taking upon 
 me the suspicion of being guiltie of that cryme 
 quhairof he is accusid ; and so fairwell. 
 
 James R. 
 
 (166.) 
 
 The King to Sir George More ; a confidential letter, all in his 
 Majesty's own hand. If Somerset still refuses to go to trial, 
 he must do his duty, as being in his custody. If he appear, 
 however, to be distracted in his wits, (that is, perhaps, if 
 he should allege any thing against his Majesty; see the 
 King's former letter, p. 403,) his trial may be adjourned, &c. 
 
 Goode Sir George, 
 
 For ansoure to youre straunge newis, I ame 
 
 first to tell you, that I expecte the Lorde Haye 
 
 and Sir Robert Carr have bene with you before 
 
 this tyme, quhiche if thaye have not yett bene, 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 405 
 
 doe ye sende for thaime in haste that thay maye 
 first heare him, before ye saye any thing unto 
 him, and quhen that is done, if he shall still 
 refuse to goe, ye must doe youre office, excepte 
 he be ather apparantlie seike or distractid of his 
 wittes, in any of quhiche cacis ye maye aquainte 
 the Chancellaire with it, that he may adiorne the 
 day till Mondaye nexte, betwene and quhiche 
 tyme, if his sikenesse or madnesse be counter- 
 fitted, it will manifestlie appeare. In the meane 
 time, I doubte not but ye have aquainted the 
 Chancellair with this strainge fitte of his, and if 
 upon these occasions ye bring him a little laiter 
 then the houre appointed, the Chancellaire maye 
 in the meane tyme protracte the tyme the best 
 he maye, quhom I praye you to aquainte like 
 wayes with this my ansoure, as well as with the 
 accident, if he have saide any thinge of moment 
 to the Lorde Haye, I expecte to heare of it with 
 all speede ; if other wayes, lett me not be trubled 
 with it till the try all be past. Fairwell. 
 
 James R. # 
 
 Superscribed in another hand. 
 To o r trustie and weel belowed 
 S r George More, knight, o r 
 levetenant of o r Towre of 
 London. 
 
 * These letters were found carefully preserved in an enve- 
 lope, on which, in the handwriting of the time, is the following 
 note : 
 
 " These 4- letters weare all of Kinge James his owne hand 
 
406 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 ( 167- ) 
 
 Inventories of the Earl of Somerset's effects. 
 
 A warrant was addressed by the Lord Chief Justice, Sir 
 Edward Coke, to Sir Henry Fanshaw, and others, dated 19 
 
 wtyghtinge, sent to Sir George More, Liftennant of ye Tower, 
 (beinge putt in to that place by his owne apoyntment, without 
 ye privitie of any mann,) concerninge my Lorde of Sommer- 
 sett, whoe beinge in the Tower, and heringe that he showld 
 come to his arayngment, begann to speak bigg voordts touchinge 
 on ye Kinges reputation and honnour. The Kinge therefore de- 
 sired, as mutch as he cowld, to make him confes the poysoninge 
 of Sir Thomas Overberry, and so not to come to his arraynge- 
 ment, but to cast him selve on his mercy. But beinge a 
 courtiour and beaten to these courses, woold not ; ffully ima- 
 gininge that the Kinge durst not or woold not b^ng him to 
 his tryall. The gentlema' ye Kinge sent in one of ye lettors to 
 my Lord wase Walter James, somtime my Lorde's secretarye. 
 But ye Kinge, althoughe he was the wisest to woorke his owne 
 endes that ever wase before him, for all that cowld not woorke 
 on Somersett. But that he ever stoode on his inocency, and 
 wold never be brought to confes that he had any hand with his 
 wyfe in ye poysoninge of Overberye, knewe not of it, nor con- 
 sented unto itt. And I have often taulked with Mr. James, his 
 chyfe servant, about it, who ever wase of opinion yt my Lord 
 was cleere, and his Ladye only guiltie, for one time Mrs. 
 Tournour tolde him, that litell did my Lord knowe what she 
 had adventured for his ladye : but ye trueth is, King James 
 wase wearye of him ; Buckinghame had supplied his place." 
 
 In another part of the envelope were added these words, 
 which shew how highly these royal documents were prized by 
 the family of More of Loseley : " Sir George More's my 
 ffather-in-lawe's legacie, who in his life time made mutch ac- 
 count of these letters, being every word King James his own 
 wryghtinge." 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 407 
 
 November, 1615, for the examination of the Earl of Somer- 
 set's papers and effects ; and a return was made by the 
 parties delegated for the purpose, under the head of " An 
 Inventory of the Goods and Evidences of the Earl of 
 Somerset, shewn to them by Mr. Walter James, his ser- 
 vant, at his lodgings at Whitehall/' Among other things, 
 were enumerated letters patents in a box, of the creation 
 of Sir Robert Carre to be Viscount Rochester, Baron of 
 Brancepeth, and Earl of Somerset ; title deeds, and other 
 documents relating to lands in the counties of Dorsetshire, 
 Devonshire, Surrey, Northampton, Westmorland, and 
 Essex, the fruits of the bounty lavished on the Earl by 
 royal favour ; a general account of all the manors, lord- 
 ships, tenements, and hereditaments of the Earl of West- 
 morland, among these the manors of Brancepeth, Durham, 
 Raby, Staindrop, Bywell, Bolbec, in the county of North- 
 umberland, &c. About sixty manors in all are enume- 
 rated, besides patents for the Constableship of Rochester 
 Castle, &c. 
 
 We specify some articles of the furniture : (i A bedstead 
 with gilt pillars, the furniture purple velvet, lined with 
 yellow damask, trimmed with lace, fringes, and cawl-work 
 of gold ; another furnished with white velvet, lined with 
 carnation velvet, trimmed with silver; another bed of 
 green velvet ; another of crimson damask, trimmed with 
 gold ; a pavilion of cobweb lawn, embroidered with silk 
 flowers; large Persian, Turkey, and Egyptian carpets; 
 tapestry hangings representing the wars of Troy ; two of 
 Roman story, thirteen feet deep; two Irish harps; a 
 theorbo in a case ; a lute, said to be my lord's man's. In 
 the bowling-alley* were the following pictures : the 
 
 * This must therefore have been a gallery inclosed from the 
 weather, as places set apart for the diversion sometimes we be- 
 lieve were, or an apartment taking its name from the former 
 appropriation of its site. 
 
408 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 story of the Shepherds, a little long piece; three Wise 
 Men, a great table; Sampson andDalilah; the Woman 
 taken in Adultery ; the story of Lazarus ; of the Creation . 
 Venus and Cupid ; Susannah and the Elders ; Isaac bless- 
 ing Jacob ; Queen Sheba coming to Solomon ; Bacchus^ 
 Ceres, and Venus ; Venus and Adonis ; (all these are also 
 specified as great tables*;) Christ and the Woman of 
 Samaria; a great Labyrinth ; a piece of St. Lawrence on 
 the gridiron/' 
 
 In another inventory of the Earl's furniture are found, 
 " a dozen pictures of a yard broad, or thereabouts ; ninety- 
 nine of lesser size ; five whole-length portraits." 
 
 Among the items of apparel, his " Parliament robes of 
 scarlet; his robes for an Earl, of velvet; his robes of St. 
 George, as a Knight of the Garter; doublets and hose, of 
 cloth of gold, laced all over with black sattin lace, of 
 tawney velvet, embroidered with gold and bugles; a 
 doublet and hose of silk grogram, laid with two gold laces ; 
 a pair of green sattin bullion hose, laid with open gold 
 lace ; a doublet and long hose of black taffata, cut upon 
 tinsel, with two embroidered laces ; a riding-coat of scar- 
 let, lined with, velvet; a doublet of black silk mockadoe;' 
 a jerkin and hose of tawney uncut velvet; a doublet of 
 white cloth of tissue, with gold flowers ; a doublet and 
 bullion hose, embroidered with seagreen silk; an ash- 
 coloured sattin doublet, pinked ; a scarlet coat embroi- 
 dered, crimson lined; a cloak of ashcoloured velvet un- 
 cut, embroidered and tissued with gold and silver, and 
 lined with plush of gold and silver." 
 
 These are but a few specimens of the Court favourite's 
 wardrobe, which presents nearly fifty doublets and hose, 
 
 * This is the usual term for pictures at this period, from the 
 
 French tableau. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 409 
 
 twenty-five cloaks, some dozen of jerkins, riding-coats, 
 hose not attached to the doublet, &c.;* a gredaline (qu. 
 Geraldine ,?) cloth of gold doublet, embroidered with silver, 
 a nightgown of tawney velvet, embroidered with gold, and 
 lined with unshorn velvet ; a tawney sattin waistcoat, em- 
 broidered with gold. 
 
 A return was made of his stud, and stable equipage, by 
 Mr. Edward Moule, who I conclude was the chief groom 
 of his stable, and who appears to have been commanded 
 by his Majesty to present several of the horses to his 
 courtiers. The following is a transcript of the document, 
 headed "Mr. Moule's Note. Imprimis, Bay Minion, 
 which by his Majesty's command I am to deliver to the 
 Prince's highness; Black Denny to Lord Danvers; Pied 
 Burleigh to Lord Norris; White Steward to Sir Charles 
 Howard; Grey Stallion to Sir Robert Carr; Grey Bar- 
 bary to f To the servants such horses 
 
 * The following note is attached to the inventory of such 
 things as were said to be Mrs. Turner's (see p, 382), "In 
 the chamber at Whitehall over the little parlour. An ash- 
 coloured sattin nightgown ; another of changeable tafFata ; a 
 black taffata strait-bodiced gown ; others of sattin, watered 
 sattin, &c. ; a black shag nightgown ; an old tafFata petticoat 5 
 three waistcoats ; a gown of wrought grogram - } six smocks ; 
 two laced aprons ; a square of needlework pearls. 
 
 f We would supply the hiatus in the MS. by giving the 
 horse to Villiers the King's new minion, who supplied the place 
 of unhappy Somerset. Well might the latter then have been 
 supposed to exclaim, like Shakspeare's second Richard : 
 " Rode he on Barbary ? Tell me, gentle friend, 
 How went he under him ? 
 Groom. So proudly, as if he disdained the ground ! 
 Somerset. So proud that Buckingham was on his back! 
 
 This 
 
410 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 as they usually rode on. A coach lined with scarlet; a 
 black velvet embroidered coach-cloth; a foot-cloth of the 
 same ; a saddle of watchet velvet, embroidered with gold 
 and silver; another of crimson velvet, laced with silver." 
 
 The residue of the stud was given to Mr. Moule, in 
 compensation for money laid out, by him, to defray charges 
 of horses, tradesmen's bills, &c. 
 
 Of jewels, and other costly ornaments in the custody of 
 Sir George More, the following is a list, entitled, 
 " A Note of the Jewells in my custody. 
 
 18 buttons, each having 4 table diam ts and 9 small diam ts . 
 
 16 buttons, each having 8 small diam ts , that cirkles a 
 a space for a great diam*. 
 
 A hatband of black velvet, having 20 peeces w th diam ts . 
 
 12 barrs of a hatband, each having 10 small diamants. 
 
 A purse of gould enameled blew, w tl] pearles and rubies. 
 
 A garter of the order, the letters of small diam ts . 
 
 Two other garters of the order. 
 
 A large agot George, composed round w th diam ts . 
 
 A George w th an agot having a Roman head, composed 
 on the one side w th diam ts , the other w th rubies. 
 
 A small white agot duble George. 
 
 A duble George, w tlx stones, diam ts , and rubies. 
 
 Two small Georges w th out stones. 
 
 A great George with stones. 
 
 The coller of the order, w th a George at it, set w h diam ts . 
 
 The Earle's coronet. 
 
 A knife, a spoone, and forke, of a greene and white 
 stone garnished w h gold. 
 
 A chaine of 60 round peeces, each having 3 small dia- 
 
 This hand hath made him proud with clapping him ! 
 Would he not stumble ? Would he not fall down 
 (Since pride must have a fall), and break the neck 
 Of that proud man that did usurp his back ! " 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 411 
 
 mants, w cb I have delivered to Mr. Herriot^by my Lord's 
 comaundm*, it being not paid for, and valued at £250. 
 
 A garter and George my Lord hath at the Tower. 
 
 A table diamante at pawne for £100, w ch my Lord deli- 
 vered unto me to pawne for £150. 
 
 A stone cup and cover, garnished w th gould cage worke 
 in a painted box. 
 
 An agot pott in a gilt case, garnished w th gould. 
 
 An agot boate cup and cover, set in gould in a gilt case. 
 
 An agot cup set in gould, w th stones, in a 
 
 black leather case. 
 
 An agot cup and cover set in gould, w th doggs of gold 
 on the foot therof. 
 
 A mother-of-pearle cup and cover, set in gould in a 
 black leather case. 
 
 A cup and cover, the foot and cover of gould, and 
 set w th stones, in a red leather case. 
 
 A bason and ewer, Norromberg worke, gilt, the ewer 
 like an olophant, in black leather cases. 
 
 Another bason and ewer, Norromberg work, w th a great 
 rugged pearle in the middest of the bason, the ewer 
 round, w h a sprigg like a braunch on the topp, in black 
 leather cases/' 
 
 Of gold plate, the Earl appears to have had about 120 
 ounces ; of silver, white and parcel gilt, upwards of 3,000. 
 Besides this, he had at pawn with divers goldsmiths in 
 London, (being perhaps a sort of banking deposit, for it 
 will be recollected that the goldsmiths Avere our first 
 bankers,) upwards of 5,500 oz. more of plate gilt and white. 
 Among the items of these we find a cistern and a snow- 
 bottle, (an apparatus, it may be presumed, for ice,) and 24 
 fruit-dishes. These extracts may serve to shew the 
 splendour of Somerset's domestic state before his fall. 
 
 * George Herriott, the king's goldsmith. See Sir Walter 
 Scott's Nigel. 
 
412 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 Imprisonment of Sir Thomas Monson, as concerned in 
 Overbury's murder. 
 
 Sir Thomas Monson,, some documents of whose com- 
 mittal on the matter of Overbury follow here, was Head 
 Falconer to the King, and employed, as has been stated, 
 p. 389, to recommend Weston to Sir Gervase Elwes, as a 
 fit attendant on Sir Thomas Overbury. King James, 
 being at supper at Royston, after Somerset was gone, said 
 to Sir Thomas, who was in attendance, " The Lord Chief 
 Justice hath sent for you." He asked, " When he might 
 have the honour to wait on his Highness again." The 
 King significantly replied, u When you can." Monson 
 was arraigned at Guildhall; but the Lord Chief Justice' 
 Coke venturing on some expressions, "That more would 
 be discovered by his trial than the mere death of a private 
 individual," hinting either at Northampton's assuring the 
 Lieutenant of the Tower that the death of Overbury would 
 be acceptable to the King, or that Overbury's death had 
 something of the retribution of heaven in it, for that he 
 had been concerned in a similar atrocious crime against 
 Prince Henry, whose death was not without suspicion of 
 poison, — this exordium reaching the ears of the King, 
 the trial was stopped by his order, the Chief Justice 
 brought into disgrace, and Monson eventually enlarged. 
 
 (168.) 
 
 The Council to the Lieutenant of the Tower, the Bishop of 
 Ely may have access to Sir Thomas Monson. 
 
 After o r very hartie coroendacons. Wheras 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 413 
 
 humble suite hath ben made unto us by S r Tho- 
 mas Munson, KX now prisonner in the Tower, 
 that the Lo: Bp. of Elie might be admitted ao 
 cesse unto him, to conferr and resolve him of 
 some pointes concerning his conscience in reli- 
 gion. We have thereupon ben moved hereby to 
 pray and require yow to suffer the Bp. of Elie to 
 have accesse to S r Thomas Munson, at such time 
 as yow shall thinke fitt and convenient, to confer 
 and resolve him of such pointes and doubtes as 
 may concerne the satisfacc'on of his conscience in 
 religion, and for no other cause, and yow to be 
 present at the conference, and not to suffer other 
 discourse, ffor w ch this shalbe yo r sufficient war- 
 rant. And so wee byd yo u hartely farewell, ffrom 
 Yorke house, this .... of Januarie, 16 15. 
 Your very lovinge freinds, 
 T. Ellesmere, Cane. Lenox. 
 Edw. Coke. 
 
 Postscript. Mr. Lieutenant, you may forbeare 
 to bee p'sent at the conference. 
 
 Lieutenant of the Tower. 
 
 ( 169. ) 
 
 The same to the same. Sir Thomas Monson may be allowed 
 pen, ink, and paper. 
 
 After o r hartie comendacons. Whereas humble 
 sute hath bin made unto us by S r Thomas Moun- 
 
414 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 son, Knight, now prisoner in the Tower, for pen, 
 ink, and paper to be allowed unto hym, thereby 
 to signifie in writing unto us, certaine his desires, 
 theis shall bee to require yo' to suffer hym, the 
 said S r Thomas Mounson, to have pen, ink, and 
 paper for that purpose, he making to you an ac- 
 compt of the paper given unto hym. ffor w ch this 
 shall be yo r warrant, ffrom Whitehall, the xi th of 
 Maye, 1616. 
 
 Yo r very loving frendes, 
 
 T. Ellesmere, Cane. 
 
 E. Zouche. 
 
 Edw. Coke. 
 
 To Sir George More, Knight, 
 Lieutenant of the Tower. 
 
 ( 170. ) 
 
 Sir Ralph Winvvood to Sir George More. Sir Thomas 
 Monson's imprisonment to be relaxed. 
 
 Hys Ma*y is graciously pleased that S r Thomas 
 Monson, now prisonner in the Tower, by reason 
 of the long vacation, showld have som release of 
 hys close imprisonment, both to enjoy more free- 
 dom of th'ayre, and to have liberty to conferr w th 
 such as shall have occasion to repayre unto him, 
 in the presence of the Lieutenant^ or some suche 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 415 
 
 person as shall be deputed by him. For w ch thys 
 shalbe yo r warrant. Greenw'ch, the 18th June. 
 
 Raphe Winwood.* 
 
 To S r George Moore, Knight, 
 Lievetenant of the Tower. 
 
 (171.) 
 
 The Chancellor and Attorney General to the Lieutenant of the 
 Tower. Certain other indulgencies are to be allowed to his 
 prisoner. 
 
 After o r very hartye comendacons, you shall 
 understand that it is his Ma ts pleasure that S r 
 Thomas Mounson, Knight, now prisoner in the 
 Tower, shall have license to resort to the church 
 there in tyme of prayer or divine s'vice, as like 
 wise unto yo r table for his dyett,-}- w th such libertie 
 
 * On this paper is the following note : 
 
 " 22d July, 1616. We understand, by Mr. Lieutenant, that 
 upon thereceyt of this warrant he p'mytted you to waulke upon 
 the wall and within the garden, which was as much as we con- 
 cey ve he mought doe by his warr't. 
 
 " And furder, we signify his M's pleasure to be, that Mr. Lieu- 
 ten't p'rmitt you at yo'r best lyking to waulk in any open place 
 within the Towre, observing neverthelesse for mattir of action 
 or conference the lymitacions mencioned in his former warr't. 
 
 T. Ellesmere, Cane. 
 Fr. Bacon." 
 
 f It appears by the following document that state prisoners 
 bore the expenses of their table while confined in the Tower. 
 
 " Received of Sir Thomas Mounson, Knight Barronnett, by 
 
416 THE L0SELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 as is usuall for others in the like case, until his 
 Ma ts furder pleasure be knovvne. Of w ch his Ma ts 
 gracious favo r we require you heereby to take 
 notice, and to afford him the same accordingly, 
 ffor w ch this shalbe yo r warant. ffrom Yorke 
 howse, this xii day of September, 1616. 
 Yo r very loving ffreinds, 
 
 T. Ellesmere, Cane. 
 
 Fr. Bacon. 
 
 To o' loveinge fFreind S r George 
 Moore, Knight, his Mat s Lieu- 
 ten't of the Tower of London. 
 
 ( 172. ) 
 
 Chancellor Egerton, Viscount Ellesmere, to Sir George More. 
 Written during the Chancellor's last illness. This eminent 
 lawyer, the patron of Bacon and of Coke, the Chancellor of 
 Elizabeth, and of her successor on the British throne, died at 
 York House on the 15th March 1617. His prudence and 
 integrity were his shields against those turns of fortune by 
 
 the hand of Richard Tomsoun, one of his Ma'ties yeomen 
 warders of the Tower, and kyper to the said S r Thomas Moun- 
 sonne, the some of fFour score poundes of lawfull monye of 
 England, and it is ffor ffive mounthes dyett, ending upon Mon- 
 day the xxiith f April, 1616. I say received this xxth of Aprill 
 aforesaid. 
 
 Underneath the above is a receipt for three weeks dyett, 
 ending Monday 27 May 1616, dated 28 May. 
 
 Another receipt for \6l. to about 28 June 1616, for " dyet ; " 
 paid to the Lieutenant's man Mr. Carwood. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 417 
 
 which so many public men have been overwhelmed. To 
 adopt the words of an esteemed modern biographer,* the 
 fullness of his faith and his hopes of immortality were fre- 
 quently expressed in the apostolic language, '* Cupio dis- 
 solvi et esse cum Christo." 
 
 After my very hartie comendacons. Where I 
 have troubled y e w h the custody e of some wryt- 
 ings concerninge myself and my poor gyrles, I 
 fynde now occason to make some alterac'on in the 
 same ; wherefore I praye y u sende the same saflfe 
 unto me, so soone as eonvenientlye yo' can, and 
 when I mete w h yo' next Twill acquaynt y u of my 
 intencion herein, and howe farre I meane to 
 trouble yo' w h some care for them when I am 
 gonne. My OxfF journey is disappoynted, by 
 reason of some payne in my feete, and (w ch is 
 worse) in my raynes; the stone I feare, how so 
 ev' those that feele it not psuade [me the con- 
 trary].-}- This tragedye, w h such actors, is not 
 fytt for the co r t, nor for OxfF. at this season, and 
 therfore I kepe hoame, and, if I be hable, meane 
 to attende his Ma^ at Windesore, yf I can, in 
 pson, yf not, w h my prayer. And so I co'mett 
 yo' to y e grace of God, and rest yo r loving bro- 
 ther-in-lawe and most assured frende, 
 
 T. Ellesmere, Cane. 
 
 To the R. wo r my very lovinge 
 frende S r George More, Knight, 
 at Loseley. 
 
 * Chalmers. f Effaced in MS. 
 
 2e 
 
41 S THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 Particulars of Sir George Chaworttis, afterwards Viscount 
 Chawortfis, Embassy to the Infanta Isabella Clara Eu- 
 genia, Archduchess of Austria, the daughter of Philip 
 the Second of Spain, and devoted partizan of the Romish 
 faction, to condole with her, on the part of his sovereign, 
 James the First, on the death of her husband, the Arch- 
 duke Albert. 
 
 Albert VI. Archduke of Austria, Governor and after- 
 wards Sovereign of the Low Countries, born 13th Novem- 
 ber, 1559, was the sixth son of the Emperor Maximi- 
 lian II. and Maria of Austria. He was intended for the 
 church, and was at first Cardinal and Archbishop of 
 Toledo. In 1583 the Government of Portugal was con- 
 ferred on him ; and his conduct so much pleased Philip II, 
 King of Spain, that he made him Governor of the Nether- 
 lands. He arrived at Brussels in February 1596. Shortly 
 after he took Calais, Ardres, and afterwards Hulst, which 
 surrendered the 18th of August in the same year, 1596. 
 Portocarero, Governor of Dourlens, surprised Amiens 
 11th March, 1597, but King Henry IV. retook it on the 
 3d of September in the same year. Albert renounced the 
 Cardinal ship, and married in 1598 Isabella or Elizabeth 
 Clara Eugenia, daughter of Philip II. and Elizabeth of 
 France. This Princess brought him as a dowry the Ne- 
 therlands and Franche Comte. The year after they set 
 out from Spain, and arrived in Brabant in the month of 
 August. The peace between France and Spain, concluded 
 at Vervins, made him renew the war against the Dutch. 
 There was a battle on the 2d of July, 1600, near Nieuport. 
 The Archduke at first killed 8 or 900 men left in charge 
 of the bridge, and without suffering his soldiers, fatigued 
 with a long march, to take breath, proceeded to attack the 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 419 
 
 enemy ; but he was vigorously received by Maurice Count 
 of Nassau, and defeated. Albert some time after laid 
 siege to Ostend, which was not taken till the 22d Septem- 
 ber, 1604. This memorable siege having lasted three 
 years three months and three days, Albert had only for 
 his victory a plot of earth, which had cost the lives of 
 more than 100,000 men, immense sums, and two con- 
 siderable towns; for Maurice, during the siege, had taken 
 L'Ecluse, Grave, and some other places. The Archduke then 
 turned his thoughts to peace, which began by a truce of eight 
 months in 1608, and was continued by another of twelve 
 years in 1609. He employed this truce in regulating the 
 government of his provinces, where his goodness and 
 gentle carriage had won him the hearts of his people. He 
 died without issue 13th July, 1621, 6et. 62. 
 
 Chaworth's MS. contains various details of Court man- 
 ners, costume, and etiquette. The reader will not be sur- 
 prised to find some portion of the Ambassador's narrative 
 occupied by that important part (in those days, at least) of 
 the outfit of a complimentary mission, the labours of his 
 tailor. He narrates various particulars of his journey, 
 and reception at the court of the Infanta. On his return, 
 he writes to the Duke of Buckingham concerning his Ma 
 jesty's promise to create him a Viscount of England. The 
 Duke's cupidity in disposing of honours conferred by his 
 Majesty, at stipulated bribes to himself, is exposed. His 
 unjust and overbearing influence with the House of Com- 
 mons remarkably demonstrated. Sir George Chaworth is 
 at length created, to his disappointment, a Viscount of 
 Ireland only, by the title of Baron Chaworth, of Trim, 
 in the county of Meath, Viscount of Armagh. We have 
 not discovered by what connexion or circumstance Lord 
 Chaworth's Diary has been preserved at Loseley. 
 
 2 e 2 
 
420 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 The Diary. 
 
 The accompt and annotations of all things,, chardges, and 
 accidents w ch befell me in my ymploiment to y e Infante 
 in y e qualitie of his Ma ties Ambassador Extraordinarie. 
 Anno Dom. 1621. 
 
 The King's smrions to me. — This sum'er, y e K. being 
 in pgress at Rugford, in Notting' shire, y e L. Admirall, 
 Marq 8 Buckingham told me y e K. had ymploime't for me, 
 and com'anded my attendance about 5 a clock that after- 
 noone, being Sundaie, about y e 12th of August. I was 
 called in to his Ma ties bedchamb 1 ", where his Ma. taking 
 me by y e hand, sayde, "Come, George Chaworth^ you 
 must knowe I have taken notice of yo r caryadge, and be- 
 cause it hath beene noble, I have made choice of you for 
 my Ambass 1 " to Bruxells, yf ther be occasion, for yf other 
 Princes send to condole (as I hear they doe), then must I 
 needs doe y e lyke, and therfore make yo r selfe readie, and 
 drawe in yo r frends, for I must deale playnely w th you, 
 you are not to looke to make a fortune of this ymploi- 
 ment, for it ys not one that I wille stowe cost on to make 
 a shew. And I have beene offered to have it executed 
 for an 8 or 900 ]i . ("Have I not?" sayeth he, turning to 
 Marq s Bucking 111 ."* "Yea, yea," said he) — but I make 
 choyce of you as a gentleman that hath alwaye caryed 
 
 * Here ys to be remembred howe ye Marq's intended to 
 have put this ymploiment upon S'r H. Rich (who since ys El 
 of Holand) but his Ma'ie wold have me, intending it as a 
 foundation for honor to me, but ye Marq's was malevolent 
 to me. 
 
THE LOt;ELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 421 
 
 yo r selfe well, and will have a regard to carie this for my 
 honor, and yet be a good manager of my purse, for, by 
 my troth ! I am straungly besett for monie on all sydes, 
 and must take other and stricter courses then I have." 
 
 I replyed, " S r , I most humbly thanke yo r Ma.; and 
 lett me assure yo r Ma. whatsoev 1 " you please to ymploie 
 me in, I will p r forme faythfully and frugally. I have 
 beene a good husband of my own estate, and yo r Ma. 
 shall not fynd me unthriftie of yo rs . ,: 
 
 W th that his Ma. clapped me on y e cheeke, and sayde, 
 " Goe thy waye, thou art an honest man. So soone as I 
 heare more of this matter (for yet I am not certaine) you 
 shall have dyrections : but make no words." 
 
 Three dayes after, in ye Thorney Woods, as his Ma. 
 was hunting, I asked him yf it were his pleasure I shold 
 staye behind him in y* cuntrie, or shold goe along w th 
 him ? He answered, I must needs be at Woodstock, for 
 y l there he shold be resolved* 
 
 The King's first dyrection to ye Secretarie. — Att Wood- 
 stock, after 4 daies wayteing on y e Marq s , I dyd receave 
 fro his LoP his lett r to Mr. Secretarie, S r G. Calvert, w ch 
 was in substance onely to signefie y e K's choice of me for 
 y l service, and that he shold p r pare all things for y e 
 purpose. 
 
 I dispatched this lett r , w th one of my owne, p r sently to 
 Mr. Secret 1 *, and I made my returne to my owne house, 
 to carye up my wyfe w th me, and to settle my estate 
 there, w ch I dyd in y e space of 8 dayes ; hasted upp, but 
 there found I nothing done by Mr. Secret 1 ', but onely that 
 
 * Here wants howe I ov'tooke ye K. at Sir Will. Pope's 
 and howe he no sooner sawe me y'n he rane to me, and bad me 
 " hast, hast awaie." 
 
422 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS, 
 
 he had writt touching my allowance, what he by former 
 p r sidents found requisite for me to have allowed me. 
 
 I went ymedyately to Windsor (where I mett y e King), 
 and making my attendance howrely on y e Seeretarie, who 
 (in my 4 dayes attendance there) gott my byll signed for 
 my allowance, both in pres't monie and in dayely allow- 
 ance, w ch he then delivered me, haveing made my sayde 
 allowance by daye to begin a munth before. The byll was 
 this. 
 
 The Kings warrant for my munie in press. — James, by 
 the gra. of God K. of Eng d , Scot d , Fraunce, and Ireland, 
 to y e Tresurer and Under Tresurer of o r Excheq r for the 
 tyme being, greeting. Wheras we have appointed o r 
 trustie and welbeloved servant, S r G. Chaworth, K*. one 
 of y e gentlemen of our chamber, to be o r Ambass r Extra- 
 ordinarie unto our good sister, the Infanta Archduchess of 
 Austria, to condole for y e decease of o r late good brother 
 y e Archduke of Austria, and are pleased to allowe unto 
 him for his entertainment y e sum of 5 marks by y e daie. 
 We doe hereby will and com'and you, out of y e Treasure 
 from tyme to tyme remaineing in y e receipt of o r Excheq r , 
 to paie, or cause to be paied, unto y e sayde S r G. Ch. or 
 his assignes, y e allowance of ffyve marks by y e daie, before 
 mentioned, to begin from y e 20th daye of August last 
 past, and to continue untill his returne to your p'sence. 
 
 And furthermore, we doe hereby will and com'and you, 
 out of o r Tresure aforesayde, forthw th to paie, or cause to be 
 payed, unto y e sayde S r G. Chaworth, or his assignes (ov* 
 and above his sayde entertainment), y e sum of one thou- 
 sand pounds, for y e better furnishing himselfe for the 
 charges of his transportation and sending of letters, w th out 
 anie accompt or other charge to be sett uppon him or his 
 assignes for y e same, or anie part therof. And these or 
 letters shalbe yo r sufficient warant or discharge in this 
 behalfe, Geven under o 1 ' privie seale, at o r palace of 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 423 
 
 Westminst 1 ', y e 12th of Septemb 1 ', in y e 19th yeare of our 
 raigne of England, France, and Ireland, and of Scotland 
 y e 55th, 1621. 
 
 Endorsed, To y e Tresurer and Under Tresurer of o r 
 Excheq 1 ' for y e tyme being. 
 
 With this prive seaie or warrant fro' y e K. I p r sently 
 dyd goe to y e Chaunc r of y e Excheq', (who was then y e L. 
 Brooke), who sent it to S r Ro. Pye, and he made me this 
 wa r rant, and sent it me w th y e Chaunc lers hand to it ; but 
 it wanted y e Tresurer's, and because he was not in towne, 
 I sent it to his LoP (who was then y e L. Vicecount Man- 
 devile). My man's chardges were to and from him 5s. 
 Theyr order was this. 
 
 Sir G. Chaworth sent Ambassa 1 ' to the Archduchess of 
 Austria, for his transportatio'. 
 
 The L. Tressu rs and Chaunc'lor of y e Excheq 1 " warant 
 for my monie. 
 Order ys taken this 17 of Septemb 1 ' 1621, by virtue of 
 His Ma ties Letters of Privie Seale, dated the 12 of y e 
 same, that you deliv' and paie of such his Ma' ties trea- 
 sure as remain w'thin yo r charge, unto S r G. Chaworth, 
 Kt. one of y e Gent, of his Ma'ties Chamber appointed to 
 be his Ma'ties Ambassad r Extraord 1 ' unto his good sister 
 y e Infanta, Archduchess of Austria, to condole for his 
 Ma'ties late good brother y e Archduke of Austria, y e su' of 
 £1000, &c. And these, together with his assignes ac- 
 quittance, shalbe yo r dischardge herein. 
 
 Mandevile. 
 F. Brooke. 
 The charge of my privie seale. — For this I payed, to the 
 signett l 11 . Drawing y e byll 10s. Privie Seale I 11 . To 
 the clarks 12s. Payed to and fro' Woodstock 3 U . To and 
 fro' Windsor 18s. 8^. 
 
 So soone as I had this signed by y m , I sent it to S r Ro. 
 
424 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 Pye, cheefe teller in y e Excheq 1 ", who so soone as might be 
 sent me an acquittance, w th word that I shold send for my 
 monie. The flees wherof were these : 
 
 My chardge at my receipt of my monie in y e Excheq r . 
 — S r Ro. Pye, his flee ll 1 *. S r . E. Warder 255. payed. 
 S r F. Edgcott at 15s. a' c }i . 7 U . 10*. To his man 10s. 
 
 Nowe I was called on by the Secret, and ye Lords to be 
 readie and gone> w'ch I dyd make all hast possible to. 
 Therfore I first furnished myself w th companie. I carried 
 w tb me from hence gentlemen that were my companions, 
 onely three, S r Gyles Bridges, brother to y e Lord Chandois, 
 Mr. Ph. Man waring y e K> cupbearer, Mr. Yonge, a civill 
 gent, but I had at least four others, whom I found on y e 
 other syde. I dyd covett Mr. Ro. Sutton and Sir Jo. 
 Stanhope, who cost me sending for them 7*. And now I 
 consulted w th y e gent, of my companie to be all in a sute 
 (because we went murners) and I dyd conclude, because I 
 went to a Spanish murning court, to goe suted in y e stuff 
 they murne in in winter, vid. rugg bayes, but for y e fashion 
 to keepe to our owne, this was held good and wrought good 
 acceptance there. 
 
 What cloathesl made for my journey. — First, I furnished 
 myselfe w th a cassack, breeches, and cloak of black cloth, 
 called ffrench blew, verie fyne, and a stuff doblett of black 
 perpetuana. These were to be as my rydeing cloathes, w tfe 
 slyvers of welch cotton ov' y e breeches, and a ryding coate 
 w th wyde sleeves ov* y e doblett when I jorneyed. The 
 cloake and cassake being hansomely folded upp and putt 
 into a blacke cotton cloake bagg and carryed by one of my 
 pages. 
 
 Draper's byll of my black cloth. — Of fyne fflaunders 
 black cloath at 24s. y e yard, 5 yards for y e cassack, 
 breiches, and cloak, 6 H . 6s. And for y e syde murneiu^ 
 cloake of the same cloth 3 y'ds and a halfe, 4 U . 4s. 4 yards 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS- 425 
 
 and a halfe of fyne bayes to lyne y e cloake w th , at 4s. 6d. 
 l l K 3d. Ajid 2 yards q r for to lyne y e cassack, 10*. 2d. 
 Note. That this parcell of clothe y x is 3 yards and a halfe, 
 was for a cloake, a syde one to murne and goe in there, 
 w ch shold be suteable to y e sayde ryding cloathes ; and 
 wearing stockins, would have shewed us another sute of 
 apparele, but I fund y m there so generally in bayes, as I 
 dyd nev* weare y 1 cloake ; but at my comeing awaye onely 
 ware my ryding sute w th my short cloake and boots, being 
 much comended therby. 
 
 The Tayeler's Byll of my Bayes sute. — Too yards of per- 
 petuana, for a doblet for this ryding sute 5s. 8d. An elne 
 of yellow taffatey sarsnet, to lyne it w tJl , 8s. Bayering, can- 
 vas, and stifFning, 5s. Buttons for y e doblett, 22d. Quarter 
 and a half of black taffatey, 3s. Stitching, silke and sowe- 
 ing, 20d. 4 yards of dutch bayses at IGd. (should be ls.4d.) 
 y e yard, to lyne it with next y e sarsnett, 5s. Ad. 4 yards 
 and a halfe of holmes, to laye next y e stuff on y e outsyde, 
 5s. Sd. Forribbin 15c?. Hooks and eyes, and hoopeeng 
 ISd. Makeing this sute, doblet, and hose onely lis. 
 Note, y l the taylors accompt for y e cloake and cassack ys 
 on y e next page but one. 
 
 Item, one yard and a halfe of black Coxall Bayes to lyne 
 y e cassack w th , 3s. 4d. 6 yards of Coxall Bayes, black, to 
 make y e ryding coate w th y e same, and to have it lardge, 
 w th W yde sleeves, at 2s. 4d. y e yard, 14s. *]d. 
 
 Howe my sone was suted, and the chardge of his cloathes. 
 — I suited my son Gilbert also for ryding like myselfe in 
 all poynts : but onely I dyd not buye him a syde cloake of 
 cloth, but onely y e ryding sute lyke my owne. Three 
 yards and a halfe of fyne black cloth, at 16s. y e yard, 56's. 
 Then 4 yards 3 quarters of black bayes for his cassack and 
 cloake, at 4s. 6d. y e yard, 21s. 4d. For his ryding coate of 
 black Coxall bayes, and for y e slyvers of his breeches 4 
 
426 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 yards, 9s Ad. Cooke y e taylere's accompt for makeing this 
 sute, in y e other syde following. 
 
 These things for ryding beiiij in hand; I went then to 
 furnish myself w th y e black bayes w ch I was to goe and 
 murne in there. And I was advised to gett a Pennistone 
 uncottond, and to have it cottoned on purpose on both 
 sydes, w ch I dyd; and so cloathed myselfe and my sone 
 in that bayes, in syde cloakes, cassocks, and breeches, as 
 followeth: for 17 yards of fyne doble shagg bayes, for 
 Gilbert's murning cloake, cassock, hose, and for myne 
 also, both lardge and verie fyne, at 6s. 8d. y e yard, 
 51. ISs. 4d. 
 
 Tayler's byll for my ryding cassack and ye cloake onely. 
 — Imprimis, draweing y e cassack and cloake 5s. For 23 
 dozen of verie fyne fflaunder hayre button, at 6d. y e doz. 
 lis. 6d. Stitching and soeing silke, 4s. 6d. Makeing the 
 cassack, w th 23 doz. of botton holes, fs. 6d. A long but- 
 ton, Is. Makeing y e cloake, lyned w th bayes, 4s. Imp'mis 
 for 2 yards of black dutch saye, at 5s. 8d. y e yard, for y e 
 doblett, lis. Ad. 
 
 Tayler's byll for my murning syde cloak, hose, cassack, 
 and doblet therto. — An elne of sea-greene taffetey to lyne 
 it w th , 8s. 3 yards of black jeans ffustian to laye next y e 
 stuff, 3s. A quarter and halfe of black taffetey for ye 
 skerts, 3s. Buttons, 20d. Bayes to laye next y e inner 
 lyneing, 20d. Draweing y e cloake, 3s. 8d. Hookes, eyes, 
 and ribbands 20d. Item for 17 doz. of flat hayre buttons 
 for y e cassacke onely, 4s. Stiching and soweing, 3s. 8d. 
 4 yards and a halfe of holmes to lyne y e hose w th , 5s. 6d. 
 Of dutch bayes to joyne to y e outsyde 4 yards, 5s. Ad. 
 Buckerom to y e cassack and canvas to y e cape, \8d. Make- 
 ing y e cassack, hose, and cloake, 9s. 8d. Makeing y e 
 doblett, 7s. Spurs varnished, 3s. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 42J 
 
 The Taylers by 11 for Gilbert's cloth ryding black sute. — 
 One yard and a halfe of perpetuana for his doblett, 8s. 6d- 
 Buttons for it 3 doz. Ss. 4d. Stiching and soweing silke, 
 3s. Buckeram and can vis, 20d. Dutch bayses, 2 yards, 
 Ss. Of holmes, 3 yards 3 qrs. for y e hose and pocketts, 
 4s. Draweing y e cloake, 2s. 6d. Makeing y e cassack 
 and cloake, 7s. 8d. Bayering canvis and stiffhing, 2s. 8d t 
 Buttons and silke, 2s. Stuff to lyne y e skirts, 15c?. A 
 long button, Is. Making his doblett and hose, 8s. 
 
 The Tayler's Byll for Gilbert's shagg bayes, cassack, 
 hose, and cloake. — Impm's, for 13 doz. of black, flatt, 
 plaine hayre buttons, Ss. 4d. stitching and soweing silke, 
 2s. lOd. Buckeram to y e cassack, and canvis for y e cape, 
 16c?. Dutch bayses to lyne the hose, 3s. Holmes, to 
 lyne y e hose 3 yards 3s. 9d. Ribbon 10c?. 
 
 His drawers and coate. Makeing his bayes cassack and 
 hose, fs. 8d. Makeing the cloake, and for a long button, 
 2s. 6d. Hayre buttons for ye slyvers, 3 doz. 6d. Ribbon 
 and silke for them, 20d. Makeing them both, 3s. 
 
 These my own and my son's outsydes being thus fur- 
 nished, I thought meet nowe to settle y e number of my 
 servants, and to furnish y n ? that such theyr stuff as was to 
 be sent awaye, might be readie to goe w th my owne. 
 
 The number of gentlemen voluntaries went w*th me, 
 theyrs and theyr men's apparells. — My number that went 
 w th me were, S r Giles Bridges and his foote man, Mr. 
 Philip Manwearing and his man, Mr. Thos. Yonge and 
 his man; with 4 others, that putt y m jselves into my 
 trayne at Alost, Mr. Windsor, Mr. Jones, and two 
 Mr. Penruddocks. These furnished y m selves in black 
 bayes murneing sutes, syde cloakes and cassacks^just 
 like my men, and dyd furnish theyr menn lyke them- 
 selves. 
 
428 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 My servants had theyr entertainments.* — 1. Mr. Barthol- 
 in ew Brooksbie, my- interpreter, who had by covenant 
 from me his cloathes all made upp, and in monie for y e 
 joorney, 10 11 . 2. Mr. F. Parker, my Stuart, and sate at 
 my table, and had his cloathes geven him. 3. Muns r D. 
 Boys, my sone's m r (master), sate at my table, and had his 
 cloathes ; he was my servant before at 20h fee. 4. Mr. 
 Roger Markham of Cottham, onely to goe over with me 
 and be w th me whylst I stayed there ; he sate at my table, 
 and cloathed himselfe lyke my other servants. 5. A 
 cooke, a ffrenchman out of Black fryers, a verie good one. 
 He had of me his cloathes, and in monie, l6 Vl . 6. Oliver 
 Maheut (who robbed me), and chandged his name in his 
 flight to Mathieu Verillo ; he wayted of me in my cham- 
 ber, was my servant before, and now was as y e rest 
 cloathed by me. 7- Woodward, my coatchman ; 8. Ge- 
 romie Mingas, my groome, [my servants before.] 9. Fran- 
 cis, an English boye; 10. Henerie, a French boye ; they 
 were by covenant to have nothing but their cloathes, but 
 at severall tymes I gave them betwixt them 13 H . 11. 
 Germaine, a messenger of y e king's, for who' I hoped to 
 have of Mr. Secret 1 * y e allowance for a packet for goeing 
 w th me, but he haveing it for goeing w th my letters I gave 
 him onely, and he was pleased w th itt, I7 ji 5s. He was 
 my harbenger, and dyd me good service. 
 
 How my servants were cloathed. — Nowe haveing my 
 number full I fell to cloathe y m all alyke, and lyke my- 
 selfe. The gentlemen also w th ruffs, and y e groomes onely 
 (w ch were but 3) in falleing bands. 
 
 The particulars of theyr cloathes, and first of Mr. Par- 
 ker's. —Mr. Parker had 9 yards q r of shagg bayes for his 
 cloake, cassack, and breeches at 4s. 6d. y e yard, 21. Is. 7d. 
 
 * Here is omitted my entertaining Sr E. Prim, Kt. for my 
 interpriter ; but he fell sick, therefore I quitt him with his ap- 
 t>arell, wch cos t 5H, 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 429 
 
 Perpetuana 2 y'ds and a q r , for his doblett, 7^ Coxall 
 bayes to lyne his cassack, 2 yds. and 3 q rs at 2s. 4c?., 
 4s. id. Welch cotton for his ryding coate and for his 
 sly vers to ryde in, 8 yards, at 18c?. a yard, 12s. 
 
 The tayelor's by 11. — Makeing y e sute, 10s. Bayering 
 canvis, 3s. 8c?. Holmes ffustin, 6 yards and a halfe, 8s. 
 Buttons to y e doblett, 16c?. Dutch bases 3 yards, 4**. 
 Hooks and eyes, 8d. Ribban, Is. Silke, \4d. Buttons 
 for his cassack, 13 dozens, 3s. 4c?. Stitching for itt, 
 2s. }0d. Buckeram, 20d. Makeing y e cassacke and 
 cloake, 7s. 6d. He had further one playne ruff of cam- 
 brick, and 2 paire of plaine cuffs, w ch at y e best rate cost 
 mee, 146*. 6d. A ffelt hatt and band wreathed, 6s. Hang- 
 ers of Spanish leather, verie good ones, 4s. Spurrs var- 
 nished as y e Hangers buckles, 18s. Garters and ribbons 
 for shoo-tyes, 8s. Gloves, black ones, Is. Shoos, 3s. 
 Spurrs, 18c?. Good black worstead stockins, 6s. Dress- 
 ing and varnishing his sword .... All his is 7 11 . 13s. 10c?. 
 Oliver Meheut cost me as much, 7 11 . 13s. 10c?. Wood- 
 ward as much, 7 U . 13s. 10c?. Gerome Du Boyse as much, 
 7 l K 13s. 10c?. And for another ruffe and cuffs 14s. 6d., 8 U . 
 17$. 8c?. The cooke cost me as much, 7 H . 13s. 10c?. 
 
 The too pages had instead of cassacks (w ch all of us 
 had) pages coats w th syde skirts so as y e p'portion and 
 allowance to y m was as great as to y e others ; therfore, 
 both of y m together cost me. double so much as Mr. 
 Parker, w* ys 15 11 . 13s. 10c?. The interpriter as much, 
 7 11 . 13s. 10c?. 
 
 Nowe I will sett downe what other chardges I was att 
 for all man'er of things, and for the preparation for my 
 jorney, even to y e daie of my setting forwards. 
 
 For ruffs 4, and ruff cuffs 5 payre of verie fine cam- 
 brick, lardge and good, at 5 H . 10 s . The lyke for Gilbert, 
 5 W . 10 s . Sending to my cosen Sutton for his compenie, 3s. 
 
430 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 The lyke for Sir Jo. Stanhope, ISd. Black Spanish leather 
 hangers, 5s. Spent goeing to Gorumberie for my monie, 
 125. Too trunks, y e one 18s. y e other at 9s., 27s. 6d. 
 Lace for my night cubbert cloathes, 2s. 3d. Ribbaning 
 for poynts, 16s. 6d. Gloves (whyte), 5 payre, 5s. 6d. A 
 cabbinett, 16s. For a coatch to y e Spanish Ambassadors, 
 1 6s. For another coatch 1 4s. To y e shoo maker for 
 boots and shooes onely for this occasion for myselfe and 
 my sone, 4 11 . 35. To y e sempstress for making bands, 
 cuffs, and some pettie linin for this occasion, 5Ss. For 
 boate hyer to seeke ship, ,18^. To my cuttler, for a fayre 
 black rapier and varnishing other weapons, 3 1 *. 4s. 
 
 Item, to y e dauncer for teaching Gilbert cursies * at this 
 tyme 10s. For black gloves Ss. 6d. For a beaver hatt 
 and black band 53s. For a felt hatt for myselfe and ano- 
 ther for my sonne, and black bands, 28s. For two dozen and 
 a half of scutchions of all my coates of armes, w tb y e sub- 
 scription of my ambassie, 5 ]i .f To y e cooke, for dressing a 
 supper on tryall of him, 5s. Meate for y e supper 9 1J . 9s. A 
 boate to goe about my monie, Is. Dogg cuppells,for3cupple 
 of spaniells y* I carried w th me, 4s. For 3 payre of fyne 
 playne welted boote hose 33s, For as manie for Gilbert 
 28s. A hatt case w th a lock 4s. A blacke saddle, a hunt- 
 ing padd, 44s. A cabbinett, w th pens and inke in it, 16s. 
 hott waters 7<s. A case for y m 9s. A male, 10s. % A night 
 stuff bagg 8s. Ffor too night cuppord cloathes of cam- 
 brick, the one laced, y e other onely hem'ed, 30s. By this 
 time, I receaved this underwritten lett r from Mr. Trumbull, 
 y e K> agent at Bruxells. 
 
 * Bows, or in the phrase of the day, "to make a leg." 
 
 f To leave at inns on his route. 
 
 % A travelling coffer, or bag. Chaucer's Pardoner had " re- 
 liques and pardons in his male?' Hence our word mail for the 
 conveyance of letters. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 431 
 
 My Lord, 
 
 I am a stranger to yo r L. and it maye be imputed to me 
 for a p' sumption to troble you w th my unprofitable lett rs . 
 But y* certaine report I heare of yo r worth, good p'ts, and 
 noble extraction, shall w th your L'ps favor pleade for my 
 excuse. And these few words shall assure yo r LoP that at 
 yo r ary vail on this syde y e sea, that I will doe you all 
 humble and faithfull service. I praie yo r LoP to oblige me 
 so far as to lett me understand y e tyme of yo r comeing into 
 Flaunders. That I maye render yo r L'p that respect w ch 
 ys dew to his Ma ties Minister and Extraordinarie Ambas- 
 sador, and suitable to y e affection I have vowed to yo r LoP. 
 
 Yf yo r Lp shall have occasion to use y e service of this 
 bearer (one of his Ma ties posts) in yo r jorney, I will bouldly 
 recom'end him unto you for an honest man, and one that 
 ys well experienced in travelling through these cuntries. 
 More y e tyme will not p'mitt me saye, and I will not 
 troble yo r Lp anie longer, but humbly kyss yo r Lo'ps 
 hands, take my leave, and rest 
 
 Yo r Lo'ps humble and affectionate servant, 
 
 W. Trumbull. 
 
 BruxeUs, 15 Novemb. 1621. St. Vet. 
 
 To y e R 1 Hono ble my verie good L. S r Geo. 
 Chaworth, K 1 . gent, of his Ma ties privie 
 chamb 1 ", and his Mat ies Ambass. Extraordi- 
 narie towards y e Infanta. 
 
 I dyd thanke him for his letter verye kyndly, dyd sett 
 him downe my intention both of setting forth and of jor- 
 neying and stayeing there. And lastly dyd desyre that^ 
 in respect he had done my L. of Doncaster that favor 
 before, that I might for y e short tyme of my staye be 
 lodged in his none house. 
 
 And I gott Mr. Secret, to give y e messenger y e allow- 
 ance for a packet (which ys 1 Vl ) for y e warning and p'pa- 
 
432 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 ration for my coming. And this fellow Germaine dyd goe 
 fro' me on the ffiydaie, and went to Bruxells, and re- 
 turned to me on y e Tusedaie sevennight followeing, w ch 
 was miraculous. 
 
 At y e return of my messenger, Mr. Trumbujl advised 
 me for ease in chardge to cum by y e waye of Lillo, all by 
 sea and water to Antwerpe. But first to gett a pass from 
 the K> Ambass r there, otherwayes I shold be stayed, be- 
 cause of y e place I was dyrected to ; but I was so far em- 
 barqued in y e other course (being now w th in 3 dayes of 
 my jorney), that I cold not alter my former intention. 
 
 Nowe I sent some of my people before to Dover w tl1 
 my stuff, the caryadge wherof and theyr charges came 
 unto 42s. lOd. 
 
 The day after I sent others of my men who desyred not 
 to ryde post, y e cheapest waye by water to Gravesend, and 
 so by y e caryer* thither, who goeing thither, and theyr 
 staye there, cost me S7s. 
 
 My jorney to and at ye sea. — Imprimis. Too coatches 
 to carye me and my companie w th me to Canterburie in 
 two dayes at 205. a coach for a daie, payeing for theyre 
 comeing back also as for theyr going, SK 
 
 * Here shold be expressed that the daye before I went for- 
 wards I took leave of all the great persons, Keep'r, Tresurer, 
 and all the Lo's of the Councell, and cheefly of Mr. Secret'y 
 Calvert, who called on me dayely by the K's directions to be 
 gone. And when I had taken my leave, then he sent me to my 
 house my letters of credence and instructions, and then I was 
 engaged to post away, w'ch I did ye next morning, w'ch unhap* 
 pely was (and so p'ved to me) adismal daye, in which, by God's 
 favour, I will never more begin anie journey, but till then I 
 never was superstitious of itt or anie dayes els. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 433 
 
 I began my journey on Thursdaie y e 4th of October, 
 1621. 
 
 To Rochester.— M.y chardges that night I laye at Ro- 
 chester, reckning all things there, 57s. 6d. My dinner at 
 Canterburie, 11 K . 8s. To the clarke of the pass, 11 s. 
 
 Dover.* — At Dover, for thither I went that night, for I 
 left my coaches, and tooke my post horses fro' Canter- 
 burie at 3s. a peace, 33s. For my supper, breakfast, and 
 some small p'vision for y e sea there, 15 11 . 18s. To y e 
 poore there, 5s. Carying me and my companie to y e 
 shipp, 19s. 6d. 
 
 I sent Germaine before fro' Rochester to goe to Dover 
 there to hyer me a good barque for my passage ; he got a 
 good shipp, for w ch I dyd paie, dyvers goeing w th me, 4 H . 
 To the searchers, 10s. 
 
 Calais. — Before I could get to Calais, it was lowe wa- 
 ter, and I could not gett neare w th my shipp to land, and 
 (after long staye in bargaineing) was forced to give y e 
 ffrench skippers for a long boate to lande me and my com- 
 panie w tb me leaveing my stuff a board until y e tyde arose, 
 I say they wold have 44s. And after to carye me over the 
 creke, 3s. My supper and breakfast at Calais was 15 1 *. 14s. 
 
 Gravelin. — For 10 post horses fro' Calais to Gravelin, 
 for y e rest of my companie went in waggons, and so from 
 thence to Donckerque, 3 11 . Spent in Gravelin 6s. 9d. 
 Geven to y e monasterie, 1 Is. A waggon to Donkerq, l 1 *. 3s. 
 
 Donkquerk. — Att Donkerque for my supper and for 
 my breakefast, 17 n . 18s. To y e soldjers 15s. 6d. 
 
 Newport. — Spent at Newport, whylst y e waggons dyd 
 bayte, 9s. lOd. 
 
 Ostend. — Geven Gilbert to goe see y e armie before 
 Sluce, 22s. My sup r , breakfast, and meate for post horses, 
 I6 n . 18s. 3d. Geven y e servants there for ferrying, 14s. 7d. 
 
 Brudges. — To y e waggoner, for a waggon from Donkerq 
 
434 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 to Brudges, 2 11 . 85. *Jd. And for 5 horses fro' Donkerque 
 hither, 2 U . 1 2 s . Tusedaie y e 9 th of October, my sup r and 
 my breckfast at Brudges, 15 1 *. 12s. To y e servants 13s. 4d. 
 To y e poore 3s. 4d. 
 
 Hither my son'e, being dispatched betymes in the 
 morning, spending y e daye at y e armie, returned to me 
 w th this letter underwritten from y e Generall of y e armie, 
 Don Inigo de Borges, who was Governor of Antwerp, but 
 since dead. 
 
 A Monsieur, Monsieur Chaworth, Embasador del Rey 
 de la Gran Bretana en Flandres. 
 Monsieur, 
 
 Monsieur votre fils m'a donne une votre lettre, par 
 laquelle ay receu grand contentement et grand plaisir, 
 d'avoir veu le portear, et demeure plein de desir de vous 
 rendre service. Je suis marry que Mon s votre filz n'ayt 
 venu en saison de pouvoir voir les gens de guerre que 
 j'ay icy, pour etre ce jourdhuy jour de monstre, et estre 
 grand partie des gens occupee aux fortifications du quar- 
 tier, et autres ouvrages. En tout ce qui sera de mon 
 pouvoir, me trouverez tousjours prompt et desireux de 
 recevoir vos commandemens, comme, Monsieur, vostre 
 tres arTectionne* serviteur, 
 
 Dom Inigo de Borges.* 
 De Eergerserlut, ce 19 d'Octobre, 1621. 
 
 * Translation. 
 Sir, 
 
 Your son has given me a letter, through which I have de- 
 rived much pleasure and satisfaction, in seeing him the bearer, 
 and I remain full of anxiety to do you service. I am vexed 
 that your son should have come at a time when he could not 
 see the troops which I have here under my command, for it is 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 435 
 
 He laye before Sluce cheefely to p'vent y e Hollanders 
 theyr takeing (by drowneing it) the Isle of Cassant, of 
 wh. they had alreadie drouned 4,000 u . p an. at y e least. 
 But had he surprized y e towne of Sluce, as he onely laye 
 before itt, those of experience assured me he might have 
 taken itt, for the Hollanders had hitherto strangeley 
 neglected it. He had neere 1,000 men there, and was 
 corned but 4 daies before. 
 
 Gaunt. — Payed for 2 horses fro' Brudges to Gaunt 16s. 
 For my dinner by y e waye that day that I came thither 
 ll ]i . 8s. 7d. To theyr servants, 6d. ob. For setting upp 
 my armes, 4s. 7d. To y e too waggoners, for too waggons 
 from Brudges to Gaunt 2 11 . 6s. ob. Payed for y e cook's 
 horse fro' thence to Bruxells 7 s. My sup r and breakfast 
 at Gaunt 17 11 . 18 s - To a man for guydeing me to y e 
 churches I8d. To ye servants at Gaunt \2s. 3d. ob. For 
 a pott of renish wyne there after all, 2s. Sd. ob. Mending 
 a latchet of a boote Id. ob. 
 
 Alost. — The 11th of October, being Thursdaie, (be- 
 ing also dismall daie,) I came to Alost, in Flaunders, 
 where, by reason of y e mistakeing of y e waye, and ye 
 fouleness of y e daie, the waggon w th my stuff came 
 late in, and long after my self e, wherby, and by y e neg- 
 ligence of my servants, a trunke of myne, which had 
 good store of gold in itt, was not unladed, but w th all 
 the rest of y e stuff stoode in y e waggon all night, w ch 
 a villaine tooke advantage off, brake open y e lock, and 
 robbed it of about £350 in Eng sh . gold. And by reason y* 
 Mr. Trumbull sent me word thither of his comeing to 
 
 muster-day, and a great portion of the troops are employed on 
 the fortifications of the quarter, and other works. In every 
 thing that may be in my power, you will ever find me prompt 
 and desirous to fulfil your commands, as your very devoted 
 servant, Dom Inigo de Borges. 
 
 2 ¥ 2 
 
436 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 meete me, and wishing me thence to dispatch a post for 
 England, I was taken upp so w th my letters to his Ma. w th 
 y e entertainment of Mr. Trumbull, and w th discourse w tb 
 those gent, that honored me by coming thither to meete 
 me, that I had no leasure to thinke on my loss, or to cast 
 and search eyther who might doe it, or y e man'er howe it 
 was done, whereby I might have easilie beene lighted to 
 y e mann, who was one Olliver Maheut, a servant of my 
 chamber, whom, for his haveing y e Spanish tonge w th his 
 native language (for he was a nrench man), I had enter- 
 tained into my chamber 4 munths before. This knave 
 had an infermatie to bleede often, w eh he had done all 
 about y e waggon in this act of theft ; but I trusted others 
 in y e search, so as though nowe it appeared manifest, w th 
 manie visible signes, that it was he onely, yet no man cast 
 out a thought on him, but held him the honest (honestest) 
 man I had, by reason of his excessive diligence, for it was 
 rare to me, and dyd captivate all. And yet y e first man 
 that I myselfe nominated was he, by reason y* there was 
 one dropp of bludd w ch I found w th in my trunke ; but I 
 was instantly dyverted by my Secret ie Muns r du Boyse, 
 my sones tutor, w th a K Jesu ! Muns r . honest Oliver luy ! 
 non pas possible !" w ch words cuming from him dyverted 
 me utterly, and made me lose discovering it. Hence I 
 dispatched a packett to the King. 
 
 Payed at Alost: for a new ward for my trunk Is. 
 Mending y e lock 9d. ob. For my sup r that night, y e next 
 daie's diner and supper, and Saterdaie^s breakfast 39 1 *. 
 lis. 2d. Geven y e servants there 3s. 4d. 
 
 Mr. Trumbull discreetly caused a coach to meete me 
 before her High s coaches came, so as I was not seene in 
 wagons, by Mr. Trumbull's meanes. To y e Duke of 
 Ascote's coatchman, that mett me 4 myles on this syde 
 Brusells, 22s. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 437 
 
 My ffirst visit to the Infanta. — I had no sooner corned 
 to my lodgeing but Count de Noiele (one of y e Infanta's 
 major domoes) came to me by her comand, to see me 
 howe I dyd, howe I brooked my journey, and howe I 
 lyked my lodgeing, w th her wellcome to y e towne. I dyd 
 instantely, both by him, and purposely by my owne good 
 hoast y e C. de Midleburge, beseech y e favor fro' her Altez 
 to graunt me audience y e next daie, w ch , though it was ex- 
 traordeonarie eyther for me to demand or to be granted, 
 yet I obtained it at 5 o'clock the next day after diner. 
 
 My Instructions. 
 
 James R. Instructions for o r trustie and well-beloved 
 servant S r Geo. Chaworth, k l . one of the gentlemen of 
 o r privie chambre, sent by us as o r embassador extraor- 
 dinarie unto y e Infanta Isabella, Archiduchess of Aus- 
 tria, Duchess of Burgundie, etc. 
 
 " Wheras we have resolved to send some fitt person unto 
 o r good cozen y e Infanta Isabella at Bruxells, to condole 
 y e death of her husband y e Archeduke Albert, lately de- 
 ceased. We conceiving a good opinion of yo r discretion 
 and zeale to o r service, have made choice of you to p r - 
 forme y 1 office of condoleance, for w ch purpose we have 
 thought fitt to give you these short instructions, relying 
 much uppo' yo r discretion for y e executio' theroff. 
 
 " You shall therfore make yo r repaire to Bruxells w th all 
 convenient speede, and there having audience, shall p'sent 
 yo r letter of credence unto y e Infanta, letting her knowe 
 that though happely you maye be one of y e last y* shall 
 arive there to dischardge this sorrowfull dutie (wherof o r 
 manie other great affaires have beene y e occasion), yet we 
 are not less sensible of y e cause of her p'sent affliction, 
 then anye other that have prevented. You shall ther wt ^» 
 all rep'sent unto her y e extreeme greefe we were possessed 
 
438 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 w tb all at ye sad and unwellcu' news of y e death of that 
 good prince, whose pietie and other excellent virtues wor- 
 thelie gained him y e affections of all men during his lyfe, 
 and made his loss y e greater to his frends. 
 
 €( And although she was nearest to him in conjunction, 
 and therfore her sorrowes w th out all doubt must be y e 
 greatest, yet have we no small part therm, considering y e 
 mutual affection we have long borne each to her person, 
 and y e good effects therof w ch we ev r found in his neigh- 
 borhood, by his constant amitie and frendshippe towards 
 us. But seeing y e privilege of his qualitie could not 
 exempt him fro' y e common condition of all mortals, and 
 y l his age and infiramties had p'pared her long before for 
 such a sorrowfull yssue, we make no doubt but she will 
 nowe employ her wysdome and courage patiently to un- 
 dergoe it, and to comphort herselfe in y e remembrance of 
 his manie virtues, wherin he was inferior to few princes. 
 And what shall depend on us for consolation, we shall be 
 readie to manifest according to y e frendshipp we have 
 ever borne to y m both, wherof we have thought good to 
 tender her againe y e assurance by you, desyreing her to 
 beleeve that whersoev r we can make y e same appeare by 
 effect, we will doe it w th o r whole endeavore for her good 
 and contentment. 
 
 [My instructions touching y e Palatinate.] 
 
 •* And wheras we have (as you knowe) long laboured in 
 y e reconciliation betwixt y e Emperor and o r son'e in lawe 
 for his full and entyre restitutio' to his antient hono rs and 
 possessions ; in y e pursuite of w ch worke we have desired 
 y e frendly assistance of y e late Archduke, and since of y e 
 Infanta, to y e Emperor, wherunto they have willingly con- 
 discended, and wherof we hope to fynd some effects in y l 
 busynes, w eh is nowe, God be thanked, in a good waye of 
 accomodation. You shall, therfore, at yo r second audience 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 439 
 
 (w ch wold be as soone after, as convenyently you maye ob- 
 taine) p'sent unto her o r princely thanks for y e favor she 
 hath so readily done us in joyning w th us to p'cure a 
 peace in Germanie, and in the p'fession of all other good 
 offices in o r behalfe, wher' we praye her for y e zeale she 
 beareth to y e peace of Christendome, y* she will continue 
 her ayde and assistance by contributing nowe her best en- 
 deavors for y e final p'fecting this good worke. To y e at- 
 tainment wherof, nothing can more conduce y n a cessa- 
 tion of armes in y e palatinate, wherunto y e Emperor ys 
 well enough enclyned, as we understand he hath expressed 
 lately in his letters to her, referring the consideration 
 therof unto her. 
 
 You shall therfore ernestly desyre her in o r name, seeing 
 y* y e meanes for saveing y e effusion of Christian blude so 
 much depends in her, to make demonstration of her zeale 
 by expediteing y* busynes untill y e treatie may be con- 
 cluded, wherin nowe she hath a faire occasion offered both 
 to shew her Christian pietie to y e world, and to oblidge us 
 by a curtesie w ch we will allwayes really acknoledge w th 
 reciprocall offices of amitie and affection, by y e increase 
 and long continuance of y e peace and good correspond- 
 ence betwixt us and y e house of Burgundie. To this pur- 
 pose we have lykewyse furnished you w th a letter apart, 
 
 w ch you are to deliv* unto her. 
 
 Geo. Calvert. 
 Theobalds, 3d October 1621. 
 
 Att my first audience, w ch was on Sundaie y e of 
 
 October, I delivered (after dew reverences made to her 
 Highn s ) my letter of credence fro' his Ma tie ; being fetched 
 to her Altez s presence by Count Emden of y e order, and 
 after p' sen ted my speech of condoleance, as ys before 
 onely transversed, as a message sent by me fro' his Ma'tie. 
 Her Altez accepted y e message, most kyndly asked me 
 
440 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 manie questions of his Ma. and y e Prince, and after de- 
 scended to my owne jorney. And then I dep'ted after I 
 had p'sented to her Altez those gent n were attending me, 
 who then were 12, as Mr. Wyndsor, S r Gyles Bridges, 
 Master Manwearing, and my son'e, Mr. Markham, Mr. 
 Yonge, two Mr. Penruddocks, Mr. Jones, and Mr. Du 
 Boyse, and Mr. Brooksbie, who was to have beene my 
 interpreter, and Mr. Trumbulls sone, his father doeing 
 me the ho r to be my interpreter, w ch was much, being the 
 K s agent there a long tyme. And so making her Altez 3 
 reverences, as I went fro' her (as I dyd when I came to 
 her), I then turned to y e right hand, and saluted w th one 
 curtsie y e nuntio of y e Pope and y e ambassador of Spaine, 
 there ledgier,* who were both covered in her p'sence. Then, 
 as I passed, I turned to y e other syde, and saluted y e 
 ladyes'w^'several! curtesies, who were 22 of great quale- 
 tie. I marched awaye, and instantly noted downe everie 
 word and ev'ie passage betwixt her Highnes and me. 
 The King's Letter touching the Palatinate : 
 
 Madame ma Sceur et Cousine, 
 Envoyans ce gentilhomme, le Chevalier Chaworth, gen- 
 tilhome ordinaire de nostre chambre, pour en notre nom 
 se condouloir avec vous de la mort de feu notre tres cher 
 frere et cousin, l'Archeduc vostre mary, nous avons bien 
 voulu aussy, par mesme moyen, vous "remercier des vos 
 offices qu'il vous a plu rendre a l'instance de notre agent, 
 ainsy qu'il nous la faut entendre pour Fadvancement du 
 traite de paix que nous avons en main entre FEmpereur 
 et notre Gendre, en quoy nous vous prierons de continuer 
 les efforts de vostre bonne assistance, et contribuant tout 
 ce qui dependra de vous pour emener ce bon ceuvre a fin - 3 
 
 * Lieger* or accredited delegate, 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 441 
 
 au moins pour establir quant a present, durant le dic^ 
 traite*, une trefue au Palatinat, puisque 1'Empereur a ce 
 que nous en tendons vous a deja faict scavoir par ses let- 
 tres, qu^il Pavoit pour agreable, ainsy que nous avons 
 charge notre diet Ambassadeur de vous en faire instance 
 plus particuliere de nostre part. Et come en cela vous 
 ferez preuve de vostre piete et du zele que vous avez au 
 repos de la Christente, aussy le recevrons nous pour un 
 tesmoinage et effet meritoire de vostre bonne amitie en 
 nostre endroit, qui nous obligera a le recognoistre par 
 offices reciproques de la nostre envers vous, et a demeurer, 
 come nous serons toujours, Madame, ma soeur et cousine, 
 Votre tres affectionne* cousin et frere, 
 
 J. R.* 
 
 A notre Palais de Hampton Court, 
 le29 Septembre, 1621. 
 
 * Translation. 
 Madam my Sister and Cousin, 
 In sending the bearer, Chevalier Chaworth, a Gentleman in 
 ordinary of our Privy Chamber, that in our name he should con- 
 dole with you on the death of our late very dear brother and 
 cousin the Archduke your husband, we have been desirous by 
 the same means to thank you for the good offices which you 
 have been pleased to render, at the request of our Agendas he 
 has given us to understand, for the advancement of the treaty 
 of peace which we have in hand between the Emperor and our 
 Son-in-law, in which matter we shall pray you to continue the 
 effects of your good aid, by contributing all in your power to- 
 wards bringing this good work to consummation ; or, at least, 
 to establish, during the above negociation, a truce for the Pa- 
 latinate ; for the Emperor, according to our understanding, has 
 already intimated to us, by his letters, that such a course 
 would be agreeable to him, therefore we have charged our said 
 Ambassador to importune you more particularly in that matter 
 
442 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 And I shold have sett down before what haste y e ambass rs 
 residents (espetially Marq s Bedmar, now Cardi a * Quena, 
 ambass r fro" Spaine) made to visitt me. And after my 
 audience I returned complements to y m , and also visited 
 y e other Lo ds of note who visited, me w th y e great ladies 
 of y e court. 
 
 I was no sooner returned fro 5 y e Court to my lodging, 
 but I made my humble thanks to him y* convoyed me, 
 Count Embden, to her Altez presence. And also my 
 humble and ernest suite to her, that it wold please her to 
 graunt me another audience so soone as might stande w 111 
 y e necessitie of her greater occasions. And after I dyd 
 press it by other messages to her Altez. And at last it 
 was assigned me to be on Weddensdaye next following, 
 w ch was verie soone and rare, but I pressed it y e more 
 ernestly, because I both had such dyrection from my m r , 
 and lykwyse my L. Digbie was on his jorney fro' y e Em- 
 peror, and had sett himself to cum that way by her High s 
 Court, and yt was behoofull for me to have played my part 
 before he entred his, w ch dyd consist of more art then 
 myne dyd. 
 
 My good host y e C. Midleburge dyd convoye me this 
 day to her Altez, and she vouchsafed to me a private au- 
 dience^ as they call it, when her trayne and y e grandure of 
 y e Court doe not give attendance. She nowe had nobodye 
 w th her butt 3 old ladies, and too or 3 infants, w ch she 
 
 in our behalf. And as thereby you will demonstrate the piety 
 and zeal which your entertain for the repose of Christianity, 
 we shall moreover accept it as a meritorious proof of your good 
 friendship towards us, which we shall feel obliged to acknow- 
 ledge by reciprocal good offices towards yourself, and to re- 
 main, as we must ever, Madam our sister and cousin, 
 
 Your very affectionate cousin and brother, 
 
 J. R. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 443 
 
 bringeth upp ; and but few of my trayne were to enter w th 
 me. 
 
 Ymediately after this audience I held my dutie to give 
 y e King an accompt of his errand, w ch I dyd in this maner : 
 
 My letter to y e K. from Bruxells : 
 
 May it please yo r Ma tie , 
 By reason y* notice was corned to Bruxells of my Lo. 
 Digbie^s returne from Marq s Spinola that waye, and theyre 
 expectatio of him was howrely ; therefore y e house of C. 
 de Noiele (w ch was first made readie for me) was now as- 
 signed for his LoP, as for him worthie to be first served. 
 This constrained me staye in Alost [where I was ryfled], 
 5 leagues short of Bruxells, untill they were there readie 
 for me. The 13th of this munth I came hither, and am 
 lodged at the house of Count de Midleburge, a noble and 
 free harted gent n . And though it was agreed not with 
 examples, I did so earnestly solicitt my request for au- 
 dience w th this gent n . (who ys Gov'nor of Brudges,) that 
 I obtained it y e next daie, being Sundaie. But because I 
 knowe long relations, and much more repetitions, are 
 troublesome to yo r Ma tie , I have p'sumed to troble my 
 good L. yo 1 * Admirall, w th y e particulars hereof, to trye yf he 
 that ever [I should have said never] dealt faithfully w th yo r 
 Ma. will take y e tyme y* maye least troble yo r Ma. herew th . 
 I dyd (w ch I doubt ys not usually done) at my first audience 
 move y e Infanta myselfe for my second audience, w th y e 
 speede that might agree w th her affaires, but by reason of 
 other councells I could not have it untyll Wednesdaye, 
 wherof allso I have given accompt to my L. Admirall. I de- 
 parted from my audience to convoye my L. Digbie into y e 
 *owne, and so soone as I maye w* 1 * modestie, and the not 
 ntercepting my L. Digbie' s occasions w th the Infanta^ 
 (w ch I understand will hold them 2 dayes,) I will labor my 
 
444 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 leave to depart, w ch at my last audience yesterdaie I dyd 
 also move to her Altez. 
 
 More I will not now molest yo r Ma: with, but beseech 
 you to accept well of my service, under y e tytles of fayth- 
 full and obedyent, w ch shall ev r labor they maye wynn fro> 
 you y e honor to be called good and effectuall, by 
 Yo r Majestie's most devoted servant, 
 
 G. Chaworth. 
 
 This (for certentie y l his Ma. shold have itt, and also 
 see y e other to my L. Admirall,) I did endorse in this fol- 
 lowing letter to his LoP. 
 
 My letter to y e Marq. Buckingham, Admirall of Eng d 
 from Bruxells : 
 
 My noble Lo: and Master, 
 I beseech yo r LoP be pleased to delever upp to his Ma: 
 this accompt of y e ymploiment he hath pleased to trust 
 me w th . I certefyed yo r Lp. before howe I was forced to 
 contract my journey fro' Gaunt w ch I intended to Bruxells, 
 and to abyde in Alost, by reason y l y e notice of my L. 
 Digbies comeing was camd thither before me, and so 
 y* house of Count de Noiele (p^pared for me) was nowe 
 reserved for his LoP, and I was constrained to abyde in 
 Alost, w ct place I had no reason to take pleasure in, 
 untill y l Count de Middleburg's house was p'pared for 
 me. My Lo: upp' Saturdaie, being y e 13th, y e Count 
 de Middleburge mett me w th her Altez s caroaches, an 
 Eng sh myle out of Bruxells, and dyd convoye me to his 
 owne house. Though it agreed not w th exemples, yet I 
 ernestly importuned him to procure me audience y e next 
 daie, w ch his Lop. obtained in my behalfe; and there 
 came fro* Court w th him y e Count Noyelle to viset me 
 fro' her Altez. Uppon Sundaie y e 14th of this munth, 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 445 
 
 after I had p'formed such reverence arid respects as be- 
 long to a la: of her qualitie, I dyd present to her Altez 
 his Ma ties letters of credence, and dyd second them w th 
 my embassie, according to my instructions ; to w ch her 
 Altez made me this answer, or to this effect : 
 
 First, she acknowledged many respective thanks to his 
 Ma: for his charitable offices it pleased him to doe her, in 
 administring comphort to her afflictions for y e death of 
 Suprimo el Archeduque ; and secondly, specefyed that she 
 would strive to shew her gratitude for them in all occa- 
 sions wherin she might doe his Ma: service. Afterwards 
 she excused y e poore entertainment (as she called itt), 
 w ch was nowe made me, laying the events of itt on y e 
 tyme of murneing. She nowe enquired of his Matties 
 health, where he was, and how far from London. These 
 being answered, I remembered the Princes his comands 
 to her, of whom she enquyred much, and as it seemed to 
 me not out of fashion but affection, and then w t]l lyke 
 reverence to her as before, I departed. I forgott to sig- 
 nifie that at y e instant of my parting from her Altez, I 
 remembred Mr. Secretaries chardge to me, of hastning my 
 second audience so soon as I might, and therfore (though 
 I had no warrant or example for itt) I spake my self e to 
 her Altez for a second audience, w ch by reason that other 
 councells were appointed, I could not obtaine until! Wed- 
 densdaie y e 17th of this munth, after my reverence made, 
 and my lett 1 * of credence delev d as before, I receaved an- 
 swer to this effect fro' her Altez. That she bare so much 
 respect to his Ma tie and all things that were propounded in 
 his name, as she was most desirous to give his Ma: satis- 
 faction to y e uttermost of her power, as formerly she had 
 done in y e cessation of arms, now requyred againe ; but 
 she was sorye this newe question was of y* nature, as she 
 had not powre to gratifie his Ma: therin, her hands be- 
 
446 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 ing tyed by y e Emperors limited comission ; but as hitherto 
 she had done all good offices therin, so she hoped that 
 those she was nowe on doeing shold ere it were long, pro- 
 cure his Ma: contentment. I dyd also at this tyme re- 
 member y e Prince his commands to her Altez, and had y e 
 same answer in effect w th y e other. 
 
 Of all this my Lo. I have Mr. Trumbull's testemonie, 
 whose relation I hope wyll not differ from myne, only it 
 wilbe y e more worthie his Ma ties and yo r LoP s vew. 
 
 I assure yo r LoP he y s an excellent servant, worthie his 
 master, and worthie yo r LoP s making him y e subject of 
 yo r favor and benefitt, and so I rest yo r Lo'ps faythfull 
 serv 1 to com d . 
 
 G. Chaworth. 
 Bruxells, Octob r 18, St. Vetera*. 
 
 Then I labored for my dispatch and my answers in 
 wryting, that I might be gone, but by reason that my Lo: 
 Digbie had a visitt (for an audience I cannot call itt, have- 
 ing no relation to her Altez, but to y e Spanish ministers 
 there,) on y e ffrydaie I cold not obtaine my takeing leave 
 untill Sundaie. 
 
 In y e interim I visited those great men who had visited 
 me, ffirst y e ambassadors, then y e Lords of Emden, Octa- 
 dio, and dyv r s others, and last, y e ladies, who are manie 
 of good qualitie, and noble behavior, and passant y e 
 Eng sh monestarie, a place w ch (excepting some supersti- 
 tions) ys approveable, and worthie much honor. 
 
 Sundaie being corned, I went to my takeing leave, w ch 
 I had w th all y e grace her Altez could doe me. I had verie 
 long discourse of all maner of subjects, and freely w th her ; 
 and in conclusion, I begged of her her portrait, w ch she 
 yielded at first, w th a profession howe well she accepted 
 my demeanor there, and howe readie she wold be to 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 447 
 
 doe my p r ticular any curtesie might lye in her powre. 
 And so I kissing her garment, and getting y l ho: to all y e 
 gent, of my trayne, I departed. 
 
 Then went I to take leave where before I had visited 
 w * 1 though it was more then I needed to have done, but 
 by my Secret" by a message, yet it was desent, and extra- 
 ordeonarie well taken by them all. 
 
 Nowe in respect y e Prince had geven me a pticuler 
 adress to her Altez, and I had had much discourse w t,L 
 her of his High 8 for this respect, and for to enter myselfe 
 y e more into his High s cognisance, I held it proper for me 
 to give him knoledge by letter of some of y e pticuler con- 
 cerning him, w ch I dyd by this letter : 
 
 [Letter to Charles Prince of Wales.] 
 
 Maye it please yo r Highn s , 
 Seeing it wasyo 1 * High s pleasure to honor me w th y e 
 trust of yo r words of ceremonie to y e Infanta, out of the 
 consequence and obligation of my dutie, I here presume 
 to give yo r High s accompt therof. At my first audience 
 touching y e condolence, her Altez seemed to be revyved 
 w th y r Highn s name, and sayde she wold strive to shew 
 her gratitude to yo r High s in all occasions, and enquyred 
 much after yo r person, disposition, and course. To my 
 second audience, touching y e cessation of armes in the 
 Palatinate, when I had sayde that your High s joyned in 
 his Ma ties request to her Altez, and w th the same ernest- 
 nes, she answered that yo r Highnes was a prince of 
 wonderful hope, that she dyd much ho r you w tL her hart, 
 and she was sorie it was not absolutely in her power to 
 graunt my demand, for she had her manos atados by y e 
 Emperor's comission ; but she hoped ere long that by her 
 endevors yo r High 8 and his Ma. shold be satisfyed in yo r 
 
448 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 demands. And at my last audience, or leave takeing, w eli 
 was on Sundaie y e 21 of October, in her conclusion she 
 comanded me to com' end to yo r High 53 her best affections, 
 and to say that she hoped and desyred that y e good ame- 
 tie betwixt y e King and her shold (ere long) be estrechada* 
 by a new allyance, and gave yo r High s manie thanks for 
 your good remembrance of her. Yo r High s knoweth that 
 for y e matter of busynes I was but to usher my L: Dig- 
 bie, nor can yo r High s expect more fruit of that propor- 
 tion of seede w ch I had geven me, but when it shall please 
 his Ma. by yo r High s favo r to prefere me in trust, I am 
 confident I shall not be y e most unprosperous in yo r 
 affaires, seeing that my hart is fixed ever to be most in- 
 dustriously yo r Highnes most humble and devoted ser- 
 vant, G. Chaworth. 
 
 I nowe conferred w l h Mr. Parker, my Stuart, what and 
 to whom I shold give reward for attendance, or anie ser- 
 vice or respect done to me or for me, and to cleere those 
 bylls of chardges which arose since my coming from Alost. 
 
 And note that I psented y e Infanta w th a fayre whyte 
 greyhound, and dyv s ladies and others with spaniels 
 
 Bylls, charges, and rewards geven and payed at Bruxells. 
 — Payed to the waggoner, for one waggon fro' Calais to 
 Bruxells, 10/. 8s. For a close waggon from Gaunt to 
 Bruxells, 2l. 5s. 6d. For a horse for Jeromie from Can- 
 terburie to Dover, 3s. 6d. For lodgings abroad at Ostend, 
 Ss. 6d. For a horse for my harbenger from Gaunt to 
 Bruxelles, fs- Spent at Alost whylst he marked y e cham- 
 bers, 2s. For his horse from Bruxelles to Alost againe, 5s. 
 His supper and horse meate, 2s. 6d. Two payre of gar- 
 ters at Bruxelles for my pages, for theyr others were 
 stolen w th my monie, 9s. 6d. Geven two pages there 
 
 * Bound closely. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 449 
 
 19s. 9d. Geven to poore there 13$. 9d. For my doggs 
 meate 1 5s. ob. Geven one for releave of post horses 6d. 
 Geven to the servants where Jeromie lodged 3s. 
 
 Geven at my parting. — I gave a Spanish gould chayne 
 to him of y e Jewell-house who brought her High s present 
 of a jewell to me : it was a prittie one, and cost me 24 li . 
 9s. 3d. Geven y e Count Midleburg's 3 pages 24 11 . Id. To 
 an auntient gent, who was his High 8 servant, and as major 
 domo to me, 24^. To y e C. Midleburg's Stuart 15 ]i . To 
 him y l attended, and alwayes dyd send for and comand y e 
 coatches for me, 5 U . 8s. To y e 3 coatchmen 40 English 
 crowns 4 U . 8s. [sic] To too valetts that ranne by me alwaye 
 16 crowns, which ys 2/. 8s. To y e cooke 51. 8s. To too 
 under him 48s. To y e hostler 44s. To one under him 22s.. 
 To y e too maydes that made my bedd dayely 21. 2s. To 
 y e porter 31. 3s. To y e butler 6 English crownes 31. 3s. [sic] 
 To y e cobberd keeper 31. 3s. To other two footemen 2ti, 
 9$. To y e gent n harberger who came for itt 18/. To y e 
 Count's groomes 10/. To y e monasterie there, to what 
 charitable use they pleased 28/. Amongst y e gardeners 
 when I went thither 18/. 10s. To y e servants where some 
 of my servants were lodged 4 ]i . 4s. 
 
 AH my rewards were given on y e Tuesedaie night, be- 
 cause I was to goe to Antwerpe by y e river the next morn- 
 ing betymes, and I had over night brought me by one of 
 her Altez s Jewell-house a jewell of y e largest syse, but of 
 small valew, for I sold itt at y e best rate in England 
 for 701 * 
 
 * It was the custom at this period for sovereign princes to 
 present some rich jewel to ambassadors at their departure for 
 their own courts. This may be illustrated by a contemporary 
 anecdote of Sir Henry Wotton, who being ambassador to the 
 Emperor of Germany, Ferdinand II. for advocating the resto- 
 
 2G 
 
450 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 One of her Altez's secretaries sent me my dispatches in 
 these two letters following, from her Altez to his Ma tie . 
 
 The Infanta's Letter to the King, 
 Tres hault, tres puissant, et tres excellent Prince, mon 
 
 ration of the Palatinate, to the Queen of Bohemia, on his depar- 
 ture from an abortive negociation, received a jewel from the 
 emperor in value more than a thousand pounds, which Sir 
 Henry presented the next day to the Countess of Sabrina, an 
 Italian lady with whom the emperor had appointed him to be 
 lodged and honourably entertained. The emperor took this as 
 a high affront, and intimated his displeasure to Sir Henry ; who 
 boldly replied that, though he received his highness's gift with 
 thankfulness, yet he found himself little inclined " to be bet- 
 tered " by any gift that came from an enemy to his mistress 
 the Queen of Bohemia. (See Walton in the Life of Sir Henry 
 Wotton.) The infanta might have been equally offended with 
 Sir George Chaworth's appropriation of her gift, who, in turning 
 it to the best account, appears to have found, according to the 
 adage, that in matters of jewelry all was not gold that glittered. 
 The following note relative to the Infanta's gift is appended by 
 himself to the diary. 
 
 The note of the jewel the Infanta gave me. As the gold- 
 smiths vallewed it at Bruxells : the fashion 10/. 8 ounces of 
 gold at Si. 6s. 281. 64 small diamonds at J 20 French crowns 
 361. 5 diamonds at 4J. 20/. 8 at 4/. 32/. 1 great diamond 
 at 15/.— 141/. Is. 
 
 The note of the Goldsmiths of London. The middle stone 20/. 
 4 small stones about it 2/. 8 more at 4/. 16 more, 4 of them at 
 20s. a peece, and 12 at 6s. a peece, 11. 12s. 24 more, 4 of them 
 at \0s. a peece, and 20 of them at 3s. a peece 51. 4 table dia- 
 monds 4/. The topp stone 11. 10s. 12 small diamonds 31. 
 Gold 24/.— Sum total 111. 2s. There is in all 78 diamonds. I 
 sold this jewel to Mr. S. for 70/. nor could of any other possibly 
 get so much. Though they did confess it cost at first making 
 nee re 300/. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 451 
 
 tres cher et tres ame* bon frere et cousin, le Cheval r 
 Chaworth, gentilhomme de notre chambre privee, m'a 
 rendu la votre du 29 du passe, et en suite de la creance y 
 portee m'a declare bien particulierement le ressentiment 
 de v're Ma tie sur le trespas de feu Monsieur l'Archiducq, 
 qui est entierement conforme a ce que vous m'avez ja fait 
 entendre precedemment par les lettres qu'il vous a plu 
 mes ecrire, aussy tost que vous aviez receu les nouvelles 
 de mon affliction. Je me confesse singulierement oblige'e 
 a v're Ma te par tant de bons et vifs effectz de sa bonne 
 volonte, qu'elle fait paroistre en une conjoncture que Ton 
 recognoist mieux les vrayes amities. Aussy en conserveray 
 je toujours la memoire et meftorceray tout ce que je puis 
 affin que v. Ma te cognoisse 1'estime que je faits de la 
 continuation de sa bienveillance et le soing que je por- 
 teray de me la conserver, comme plus amplement le pourra 
 rapporter a v. Ma te le dit Chevl r Chaworth. Je ni'en reffere 
 done a luy pour prier Dieu de vous bienheurer. Tres 
 hault et tres puissant Prince, mon tres cher et tres ame bon 
 frere et cousin, de continuelle sante et prosperity. A Brux- 
 elles le 29 de 8 bre 1621.. De v. Ma te tres affectionne'e 
 sceur et cousine, 
 
 A. Isabella* 
 
 * Translations 
 Most high, mighty, and excellent Prince, my very dear and 
 much-beloved good brother and cousin, Chevalier Chaworth, 
 gentleman of our privy chamber, has delivered to me yours of 
 the 29th ultimo, and in pursuance of the credit thereto at- 
 tached, has particularly expressed to me the regret of your 
 Majesty at the death of the late my Lord Archduke, which 
 entirely agrees with what you had already signified to me by 
 the letters which you were pleased to write to me as soon as 
 you had received the news of my affliction. 1 confess myself 
 
 2 G 2 
 
452 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 The Infanta her Letter to the King, touching the Pala- 
 tinate and Cessation of Arms in itt. 
 
 Tres hault, tres excellent, et tres puissant Prince, tres 
 ame* bonfrere et cousin, pour reponse a la seconde l're de 
 v re Ma te que nr*a aussy delivree la Ch 1 * Chaworth, gen- 
 tilhome ordinaire de vr e chambre privee. II vous plaira 
 de croire que comme je recognois que vous avez quel que 
 satisfaction des offices que j'ay rendu jusques ores pour 
 raccommodement des affaires de v re gendre le Comte Pa- 
 latin, je rendray peyne que v re Ma te ayt une toutte pa- 
 reille a Padvenir de mes bonnes volontes qui sont entiere- 
 ment et sincerement portee a ce que mon entremise vous 
 apporte en ce regard tout le contentement que scauriez 
 desirer et quelle serve pour disposer le tout a une bonne 
 et ferme composition suivant les bonnes intentions de v re 
 Ma te , que je prie Dieu de conserver, tres hault, tres 
 excellent, et tres puissant Prince, mon tres cher et tres 
 ame bonfrere et cousin, en parfaite sante a longues annees. 
 A Bruxelles k 30 Octobre, 1621. 
 
 De v re Ma te tres affectionee sceur et cousine, 
 
 A. Isabel.* 
 
 singularly obliged to your Majesty for so many true and lively 
 testimonies of your good will, demonstrated at a conjuncture 
 when real friendships are best appreciated; of which, more- 
 over, I shall ever preserve the memory, and shall exert all in 
 my power to convince your Majesty how much I esteem your 
 good will, and the care I shall take ever to preserve it, as the 
 said Chevalier Chaworth can more amply assure you. I refer 
 myself, then, to him, to express my prayers to God for your 
 prosperity, &c. 
 
 * Translation : 
 Most high, &c. In answer to your Majesty's second letter, 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 453 
 
 Observations, and the distances from place to place.* 
 
 It ys esteemed fro* Dover to Calais about 30 English 
 myles, and ys usually passed in 4, 5, or 6 hours ; I dyd 
 pass it in 6 hours as I went, but (by reason of a calme 
 and a great mist,) it was 16 houres before I could land. 
 
 Calais. — I could observe nothing here at Calais, but y l 
 it ys a beggerly extorting towne, ill effected to y e Eng sh , 
 monstrose deere and sluttish, verie uncivill ; the garrison 
 there turneing dyrect beggers of all ambassadors. The 
 best is (in y e cource it ys in), it will not long be a towne, 
 being so neglected at both ends (for y e sea almost com- 
 passeth it), that y e sea (it ys to be hoped) will revendge 
 our quarell and regaine it, and swallowe it, being alreadie 
 on y e too ends at high tydes unaccessible. 
 
 Gravelin. — Thence to Gravelin ys 3 leagues and a halfe' 
 w * 1 ys about 10 English myles ; it is a prittie little town, 
 and one of y e strongest in y e world, by reason (they can) 
 drownd it round in 4 hours, so as no land shalbe w l Mn 
 a myle of itt. It hath in itt a verie prittie Eng sh mones- 
 tarie of nuns, but so strictly kept w th such ceremonies, 
 as they relate itt, as it ys sharpe to be beleeved, much 
 
 delivered to me by Chevalier Chaworth, &c. you will be 
 pleased to believe that, as I perceive you derive some satisfac- 
 tion from the offices which I have up to this time rendered 
 for the accommodation of your son-in-law the Count Pala- 
 tine's affairs, I will take care that your Majesty shall have 
 precisely similar instance in future of my good will, which is 
 wholly and sincerely directed that my intervention should 
 afford you all the satisfaction you can desire, and tend to dis- 
 pose the whole matter on a true and firm composition, accord- 
 ing to the good intentions of your Majesty, whom I pray God 
 to preserve, &c. 
 
454 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 Worse to be endured, by any flesh. There were 62 pfessed 
 whe* I was there, all handsome wome', yonge and well 
 lykeing, liveing altogeth r uppo* charetie uncertaine from 
 Eng d . They eate no flesh, ffast all fasts, when you see y m 
 they must winke and not speake to you : but at another 
 grate, where they maye speake to or answer you, a boarde 
 and curtaine are betwixt you. 
 
 Donker que. —Thence to Donkerque ys 3 leagues and a 
 halfe. This towne ys nothing so strong as it was ; and 
 since y e new war, verie poore, by reason they have been 
 hindered of ffishing by y e Hollanders, to whom they are 
 better affected than to theyre p r sent governors y e Spa- 
 niards, against whom they are apt (even to all strangers) 
 to spitt theyr spleens. But they are best affected to y e 
 English, wishing that they wold receave them to theyr 
 mercie. The most remarkable thing here is a church, 
 W cl1 , although y e one halfe ys burnt down and ruin'd, yet 
 ys it a marvelous faire one, well adorned w th good peeces 
 and lyvely portraits. It ys strictly kept, yet I hold it 
 possible (considering the affections of y e inhabitants) for 
 400 good soldiers to take it. 
 
 Neivport. — Thence to Newport ys about 3 leagues and 
 a halfe. It ys a prittie little towne, but few inhabitants 
 in itt, a strong garison of Spaniards strictly guarding it. 
 It ys cheefly famous for a battaile there fought, w ch cost 
 the Scotish men deere who were of y e partie w th y e Hol- 
 landers : certenly it ys a poore towne, but yet some per- 
 sons of good qualetie inhabitt in itt, by reason of y e plea- 
 sure and dryenes of y e situation. 
 
 Ostend. — -Thence ys y e lyke distance to Ostend, in w cb 
 waye you maye reckon betwixt 30 and 40 churches ruind 
 w th so manie villages by so inhumane warr as hath in 
 these parts beene of late years p'dominant, by reason 
 they laye neere and along y e sea syde and y e shore, easie 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 455 
 
 to admitt y e Hollanders to land in all places and at all 
 tymes. The towne ys most famous for endureing an en- 
 tyre seidge 3 years together. It ys now new built, but 
 lowe, and ys y e coldest towne I ever came in. Part of y 6 
 church onely was by y e canon suffered to stand, but no 
 peece of a house. It ys a brave haven; and att my 
 being there, had in itt new built and in building 20 brave 
 shipps, I could judge none of them to be less then 800 
 tunn. 
 
 Bridges. — Thence I went to Bridges, w dl is a faire and 
 populous cittie, verie well built, well served w th water, 
 and ys y e staple towne of cloth for those cuntries. It ys 
 8 leagues fro' Ostend, and halfe of itt verie foule waye. 
 This towne ys kept onely by the people and burgers them- 
 selves by a garison and watch of theyr owne, haveing 
 undertaken to secure it fro' y e Hollanders ; therby being 
 as it were a free towne, onely obedyent to y e Infanta's 
 lawes. Att this tyme, by reason y* Sluce was beseedged, 
 here was held a marvelous great market dayely, for both 
 armies were furnished from hence. Here are goodly and 
 manie goodly churches ; and in St. Jhon's lyeth y e bodies 
 of the last Duke of Burgundie and his daughter (y e great 
 hayre [heiress], maryed to y e house of Austria, and so 
 united those cuntries to y e Crowne of Spaine,) in too 
 verie faire tombs. 
 
 Gaunt. — Thence I went to Gaunt, w ch was 7 leagues, 
 but not unpleasant waye, though not unperilous. This ys 
 a goodly lardge towne, well built, but not so well, nor so 
 well compact as Bridges, but ys of an infinyte schope w th 
 in y e walls, by reason ther ys contayned in y m so much 
 grass ground, and for corne in tyme of neede, as will sus- 
 taine y m 3 years togeather, yf in case they were beseedged. 
 There are here goodly churches and rare pictures in y m , 
 and a new one (w cl) ys no yll one) of the Jesuits. 
 
456 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 But the fairest building here ys the Towne Hall, not 
 yet finished. 
 
 Alost. — Thence 1 went to Alost, w ch ys 4 great Duch 
 leagues, w ch ys neere 16 Eng sh myles. This ys a towne 
 of good strength, but hath no staple or tradeing belong- 
 ing to it. It hath a good darke church in it, and a verie 
 faire alter of marble, where y e Eucharist ys kept ; but of 
 all townes in y e world, I intend not to lodge in this, both 
 for y e unreasonable deernes of itt, and for my particular 
 ill fortune in itt. 
 
 Bruxells. — Thence to Bruxells, w ch ys 4 leagues, and 
 verie fowle waye. Of this towne I could say much. It 
 being a well seated and well watered towne as ev r I sawe, 
 y e civillest people in y e world, verie populous, of all na- 
 tions that are Catholick and civill, full of brave soldjers* 
 and men active for command, full of verie hansome women, 
 and y e best fashioned that can be, full of religious orders 
 and houses, and of those two houses of religious English 
 women of the order of St. Bennet, in one of w ch ys 42 
 profest nuns, besyde novices ; in y e other are but 7> being 
 yet but new erected. The Infanta hath here a good house, 
 and in itt a verie fyne chappell; and above in her private 
 lodgings, a dayntie oratorie for her private prayres, full of 
 reliques, good and auntient pictures, and rare and rich 
 Jewells and medalls. Her lodgeings and gallorie look into 
 a prittie pleasant parke, and into verie fyne gardens, 
 wherein are y e most varietie of the best waterworks of y e 
 world. The church of St. Treguse ys y e chiefe church ir* 
 y e towne, and a very good one, were it uniforme. 
 
 Antwerpe. — Thence I went to Anvers or Antwerpe, w ch 
 ys about 30 Eng sh myles. Y e best waye ys by water, w ch 
 ys done w th great ease, chandgeing boate at every 4 or 5 
 myles* This hath y e name of being one of y e best built 
 townes of y e world ; but y e cittuation I lyke not, being 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 457 
 
 extraordenarie flatt. Y e best church ys y l of Nostre 
 Dame, and y l ys a goodly one, and y e richest furnished 
 w th pictures that can be. The Jesuits church, w ch yet ys 
 not finished, ys a rich one, all standing on whyte marble 
 pillers, and lyned w th y e lyke stone ; and y e galleries both 
 above and below wholly roofed w th brave pictures of Ru- 
 bens makeing, who at this tyme ys held y e master worke- 
 man of y e world. The streets are fayre, uniforme, and 
 faire kept, and y e houses high built. They have at this 
 tyme little or no tradeing, by reason of y e warr; but it ys 
 a towne so placed as it ys pittie we shold not hold better 
 correspondence and trade w th her, for it wold vent all o r 
 cloth at anye rate, and in y e tyme that o r tradeing went y* 
 waye, was this towne so built as nowe it ys, and at y l 
 tyme dyd England more florish then it ev r dyd, vid. in y e 
 tyme of Ed. 3d. 
 
 Passage to Antwerp. — Payed for y e passage of 16 per- 
 sons from Bruxelles to Antwerpe 16s., and for y e baggage 
 1 Is. Carrying the trunk to y e boate 2s. 4d. For myself 
 and y e gent n w tb me in y e first place the first cess* in the 
 first boat, 2s. 4d. To y e poor at Vilford 6d. For my seate 
 and some gent n w th me in y e second boate 2s. 6d. For y e 
 third boate 2s. 6d. ; for y e fourth and fifth boate, being 
 short cesses, 2s. 4d. For removeing the trunk at all y e 
 fyve cesses 16s. 4d. For my sute and 9 gent n w th me in 
 y e shipp to Antwerpe 5s. Geven the m r of y e ship Vs. 2d. 
 For carying the trunks to y e inn from y e water at Ant- 
 werpe 6s. At Antwerp, for a little picture w ch I gave the 
 King, of Browgle's hand,f 61. 12s. Geven to two coatch- 
 
 * Cess, fare or payment. 
 
 f There were three painters of this name, Peter Brueghel 
 the elder, and his two sons Peter and John. King Charles I. 
 had a picture by the last, called " A Terrestrial Paradise." 
 
458 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 men y* caryed me to y e castle 19/. ob. Payed for y* 
 picture of y e storie of Japha' (Javan), w ch I gave my L. of 
 Buckingham; 61. 12s, Geven here to y e pages more 10s. 
 For 4 meales meate here 41 1. 8s. 2d. Geven y e servants 
 here IJs. 8d. For an old picture, w ch I keepe myselfe, SI. 6s. 
 To y e poore here 1/. 2s. 6d. To y e trumpeters here 24s. 
 Payed for boots here 45s. For etuises 35s. To them that 
 brought me a great p r sent of wyne, £4. 8s. Hence both 
 as my speedyest waye of least cost and most ease, I sent 
 my servants (except onely one page and one groome), my 
 sone, and his tutor, and y e gent, of qualetie that were w th 
 me, by y e waye of Lillo, and so to Ylishing, and so by sea 
 to London ; myselfe takeing another waye through Bre- 
 bant and Artois ; but it chaunced to be more troblesome 
 and tedeous then I thought it, or ys usuall, by reason of 
 y e new broke out war betwixt y e Infanta's subjects and 
 those of Holland. 
 
 I sent a post to Lillo, Sehaunce, whylst I stayed at An- 
 werpe, who brought me word, that w th out a lysence fro' 
 ye States of Medelburough, they could pass w th no goods. 
 His journey cost 10s. For my servants chardges at Ant- 
 werp, after my departure, 38s. 8d. Geven y e Secretarie/s 
 clerks for expedition 4s. 6d. 
 
 Westminister. — Thence I went (in my waye to Gaunt) 
 to a little village, or rather a single house called West- 
 mester, where I was well and civilly used, and had good 
 wyne and my lodgeing that night at no deere rate. This 
 ys about 4 leagues or 1 6 Eng sh myles fro* Anwerpe, and 
 the mydd waye to Gaunt. 
 
 Gaunt. — Thence I returned to Gaunt, being about 4 
 leagues or 16 Eng sh myles. Of this I will onely add, that 
 it ys y e staple towne of this cuntrie ; for lirmin, after it is 
 why ted here, here being infinyte store, to be vented to all 
 p'ts. Secondly, they hold that y e house of Austria ought 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 459 
 
 most to respect y ra of anie towne in Burgundie ; for that 
 when as Charles was slayne, they seazed into theyr hands 
 his daughter and haeyre, and gave her fro' Lewis y e 1 1 th 
 of ffraunce to y e house of Austria, by w ch mariage they 
 hold all those great and rich cuntries. Here it was affirm- 
 ed to me that this cuntrie of Flaunders hath disbursed for 
 cutting a river fro* thence to Bridges, and into y l p l of y e 
 cuntrie, above 20,000 sterling, and this of themselves 
 onely to have com'erse w th in y m selves at most ease, w ch 
 they doe reckon wilbe worth a 1,000,0001*. p' to theyr cun- 
 trie. Allso that in y e space of 2 years they had sent 
 30,000 ffoote and 10,000 horse to y e war of the palatinate 
 at y e charge of that cuntrie onely. 
 
 For my coatchman's charges there 5 dayes, in expect- 
 ance to buye coatch horses for me, 17/. 10s. Note, that 
 I sent him to Bruxells to buye me six mares, \v c]x were at 
 thys tyme above others to be bought cheape, by reason of 
 y e season, and for that Montz faire was at y e tyme ; but 
 my man sending for monie by means of Capt. Blunt, and 
 y e monie being deliv d to Olliver (my theefe) to carie to 
 Mr. Gresley (who was posting fro' my L. Digbie for Eng d 
 fro' Bruxells by Gaunt) y e coquin went, and seeing Gres- 
 ley mounted, returned, and retained y e pistulls (pistoles) 
 to himself, that therew th he might post away w th my other 
 monie when I turned back on Bruxells. 
 
 Courtrick [Courtray]. — Thence homewards. I thought 
 good to varie my waye for satisfying my understanding, 
 and bent my course higher fro' y e sea by Courtrick, w ch ys 
 8 leagues. This ys a towne w th in land, consisting of mer- 
 cheants for linin, dyaper, damaske, and of all kynds, but all 
 unwhyted ; for otherwyse it ys in this place deere, except 
 it be narrow (as but onely a yard broade), and then ys it 
 cheape, — as good linin, fyne enough for sherts, ^t 12 d. an 
 Engsh yard. My supper and breakfast there cost me Si. 9s. 
 
460 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 Mening. — Thence to Mening to din'er, w ch ys a prittie 
 yll smelling towne, consisting altogether on bruers (brew- 
 ers) standing on a good and swift run'ing water. It ys 
 but 2 Dutch leagues from Courtrick, and thence to Lysle 
 ys 3 leagues. 
 
 Lisle. — Where I dyd arive betymes, to see y e towne, 
 w cl1 hath great tradeing, and cheefely in cambrick {where 
 I bought a piece), and in plate of silv r , w ch they esteeme of 
 y e best allaye y 1 can be. Heere ys a fayre church, verie 
 rich in brass pillers and candlesticks, and well set out. The 
 towne ys verie populous and orderly. They are encreas- 
 ing the limits of theyr towne one 4 th p*, makeing at this 
 tyme a marvelous faire dich, wall and rampart on that syde 
 towards Mening. Here I bought a peece of cambrick for 
 ye rate of 7*. an elne Eng sh , w ch cannot be fellowed in 
 Engd for a marke an elle. Here hence beare y e names of 
 those Lisle grogeroms w cb we weare, and are of good use, 
 beeing here made w th great facilitie in abundance. My 
 supper here cost me 2h 2s. 
 
 La Bassee. — Thence to diner to La Basee, w ch ys a 
 lyke towne as Suthwell. It ys five leagues from Lisle \ 
 hath a monasterie in it of nuns Carmelites goeing in 
 whyte cotton, w ch ys not strick enough kept. It hath in 
 it a verie neate and hansome chappell, in w ch was a verie 
 good monument of y e Duches of Croy in y e midst before 
 y e alter made uppo' a tuchston table, kneeling uppright 
 towards y e alter, verie neatly. I suppose this monestarie 
 was founded by her of y e house of Croy, and y e towne ys 
 y e Duke's of Croye. Theyr armes in y e window, gene- 
 alogically sett, shew they give respect and ho r to this 
 place. 
 
 Bethune. — I went hence after din'er to Bethune,* w ch 
 
 * In another memorandum of the writer, under Bethune, 
 is added here, if being in the ivaggon betimes." 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 461 
 
 ys from La Bassee three leagues. Here I found a mounte- 
 banke playeing his prizes. And though I was here but 
 yll lodged, yet here was excell 1 wyne. In this towne ys a 
 verie fayre church, and indefferent well sett out. A good 
 monestarie of women, whose office I heard in y e morning ; 
 and this towne ys verie strictly guarded, but for what rea- 
 son I could not learne. 
 
 Ayre. — Thence I went to dinner to Aire, w ch ys from 
 Bethune five leagues. This ys a towne well peopled, rich, 
 and in good trading, and industrious in y e manifacture, 
 hath good wyne in it and cheape. Thence after din'er to 
 St Omere, 3 leagues, w ch is extraordinarie strictly guarded, 
 being so jealous of the nrench as they p r mitt y m not to 
 inhabit in y e towne, and few to lodge anie tyme w th in itt. 
 This towne ys strong, verie rich, but ill seated for health, 
 and yet y e earth about it seemes to be dry and well na- 
 tured. They shutt theyr gates betymes, and open y m 
 late. There are in this town dyv rs good churches, but 
 espetially too — the abbey church, and y e other at y e other 
 end of y e towne : this latter ys rich in brass pillers and 
 ffurniture, but y e other is much y e lardger, statelyer, light- 
 somer, and better built. The abbott is alwayes to keep a 
 live eagle ; hath a good revenew for his fatt monks, and 
 verie faire lodgeings for himselfe. But y e most remark- 
 able thing in St. Omer, and w ch most concerneth us, ys y e 
 colledge of Jesuits there, w cl1 ys, I thinke, y e best ordered 
 in y e world. At my being here there were 140 youths of 
 Eng d , who renounced theyr names, and (as I feare) nation 
 and nature of Eng sh men. It was pittie to see y m (for 
 they were the fynest youths I ev r sawe), that they shold 
 be bredd traytors ; but, excepting their religion, they are 
 the strictest, orderlyest, and best bredd in y e world. I 
 came here privately to a comedie of theyr acting, called 
 Spittacus, but they instantly knewe me, and gave me 
 
462 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 great respect. The rector tould me had sent 50 fyner 
 youths, and ryper than those were, y e last yeare, halfe to 
 Rome, halfe to Salamanca. He sayde that that house 
 had not one penie certaine revenew to live on, but sub- 
 sisted onely on charetie fro' Eng d . He sayde that for 
 meate, teaching, and all things, they doe demand but 20 11 . 
 a year for one youth. I sawe y m all at sup r in excel 1 
 order, y e Rector desyring a theame fro' me for y m to dis- 
 pute on extempore, I giveing y m "whether libertie was 
 better than restraint ? " they attended instantly, and first 
 dyd dispute in Greeke, and then in Latin, verie elegantly. 
 To this towne ys allso much resort of English women, 
 who are madd or discontented (for halfe y l I heard of 
 had lucida intervalla). Here was excell 1 good wyne, and 
 y e dyett cheape. 
 
 Calais. — Thence I went to Calais, w ch though they call 
 the waye 8 ffrench leagues, w ch ys but 8 tymes 3 myles, I 
 found them 8 duch leagues, w ch ys above 30 Eng sl1 myles, 
 but it ys extraordenarie good waye, through a rich cun- 
 trie champain, yet verie full of villages on all sydes ; and 
 it ys a light earth and pleasant. This towne I have men- 
 tioned before, and that ys enough, for I can wryte no 
 good of it. 
 
 Note that all this waie from Courtrick ys y e cuntrie of 
 Artois, rich and verie populous, and breeds ye best men 
 for ye shock of y e warr w ch y e K. of Spaine hath, and 
 they call them Walloons, speakeing a bastard ffrench, and 
 have able and active bodies. Bruxells ys in Brabant ; and 
 all y e other townes I passed by are in Flaunders. 
 
 Nowe I dispatched letters of my aryvall here, and of 
 his Ma ties well accepting my service ; and espetiall letters 
 to the Archduchess, and my good C. Middleburgh. 
 
 At Calais I gatt notice that my theefe Olliver had 
 taken ye waye by Mentz to Fraunce, that he was lame, 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 463 
 
 and could not avoyde takeing, being so remarkable, 
 w ch drew me to post awaye my Sonne's man Du Bryse 
 after him, w ch I dyd w th all speede w* h discretion, but not 
 such hast as he ought, wherby he came to Paris some 
 hours short of him, and no nearer than rinding a note at 
 his lodgeing of his new name, w ch was Mathew Verillo, 
 w ch trans versed is a just anagram of his owne name, Oli- 
 ver Maheut. This his journey cost me £28. 
 
 Dover. — I was no sooner landed but we all fell on our 
 knees, and gave God part of his dew thanks. This occa- 
 sion stayed me so long in Calais, that I embarked some- 
 what too late, so as I was all that daie and all that night 
 at sea hulling, wanting a wynd; and well it was I dyd 
 so ; for had y e wynd risen in y e night we had beene cast 
 awaye, being involved amongst Dover rocks, and by rea- 
 son of y e mist could not putt in until! 4 aclock in y e 
 morning, when I happely landed at Dover. My ship cost 
 me £3. My breakfast and 7 horse at Dover £7. 1 4s. To 
 y e searchers there 5s. My harbenger Germayne's and 
 Woodward's chardges fro' thence to London ; for I left 
 w th Woodward my linnen, w ch I could not carie post, 
 .£11. lis. So I ridd onely w th 7 post horses fro' thence 
 to London, Mr. Mannearing being as my stuart, dyning 
 at Rochester; all y e horses cost me £3. \4s. 
 
 I no sooner came home but, after my thanks to God, I 
 sent to give y e Secretarie notice of my aryvall, and to 
 knowe at what tyme he wold please that I shold wayte on 
 him to y e King ; he willed me ye next daie. It was night 
 before I had access ; and then, after that I had delivered 
 my lett rs to his Ma tie , I kyssed his hand, and he gave me 
 great com'endation for my cariadge, w ch he pleased to call 
 noble and brave, affirming it w th an oath. Then dyd he 
 question me of all pticulars, both of my busynes I was 
 sent about, and of my entertainment, and of my passing 
 
464 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 to and fro'. In conclusion, I sayde to him, " S r , though 
 I can not chalendge anye meritte fro' yo r Ma: other than 
 good acceptance, yet yo r Ma: hath by this my employ- 
 ment, I hope, receaved that satisfaction, that if hereafter 
 you have further occasion of such imploiments, you will 
 please to use me therin as soone as another." He hearde 
 me with a smyle, and replyed to me, i£ Will I not ? Yes, 
 by God, my sweet George ! I shall use thee before all y e 
 world, for thow hast caryed thyself for my hon r most 
 nobely ; therefore doubt it not, my deare George ! " And 
 all this whyle layed both his handes on my face, and 
 kyssed me. And so I left him, and went to y e prince, w th 
 whom I had good and free discourse ; and then haveing 
 saluted y e Lords there, I depted to my rest. 
 
 The intention, abstract, sum, and end of this my journey, 
 — The visible cause of his Ma ties sending me to her Altez 
 to Bruxells, was to condole for the death of her late hus- 
 band y e Archduke Albertus of Austria, but the cheefe 
 errand was to sollicitt her High s for a cessation of armes 
 in y e Palatinate, untill a treatie of peace for those parts 
 might be concluded ; for effecting of w^ peace John Lord 
 Digbie was in the summer sent ambassader extraordinarie 
 to his emperiall Ma tie . He was there well receaved at 
 Vienna, and his embassie receaved according his owne 
 hart could wish. Yea and this was that w ch y e Emperor 
 himselfe had long longed for, though in hon r he could not 
 seeke it. The King of Spaine's ambassador extraordinary 
 in England, Count Gondemar, by his Ma ties dyrection 
 had beene y e instrument of this embassie. But to pro- 
 ceede. The Emperor dealt so really w th Digbie, as he 
 tould him that both in respect of the neerenes of the 
 place and commoditie for y e King of England, and for her 
 Altez worth and great understanding, and for that she, 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 465 
 
 being a woman, might (w th no dishonor neyther to his 
 selfe or to his Catholick Ma:) yeeld to some circumstances 
 w c h neyther his Imperiall Ma tie nor y e King of Spaine 
 could well w th theyr honors yeeld unto. Therfore, I 
 say, dyd his Emperiall Ma: referr not onely a cessation 
 of armes in y e Palatinate for the present, but also powre 
 and commission to heale and end y e question. And 
 he dealt so really w th my Lo: Digbie, as he shewed 
 him y e commissions made to her, naye y e coppie of his 
 private letters to her [Altez], of w ch my L. Digbie him- 
 selfe certefyed his Ma: fro' Vienna ; and that he was ad- 
 vised by y e Emp r to visitt Marq s Spinola by y e waye for 
 England, to win his favor for the treatie to be agreed of 
 at Bruxells. Thus far y e busynes passed fayrely and well 
 on all sydes this yeere 1621 ; but takeing his leave of y e 
 Emperor, and being richly presented with a basin and 
 ewre of gold (w ch some say he dyd not deserve,) he de- 
 parted. And in his returne he visits Heidelberge, full of 
 a people wearyed and beaten w th warr, and jealous of 
 most visible things, infinytely needie, and almost at 
 starveing, These men's acclamations for joye of his pre- 
 sence puffed him upp to cheere them, and to worke theyr 
 ends and present desyres. Monie they needed; his 
 plate, and all that his creditt could, he releeved them w th , 
 and had he left here we had obtained hon r in all this ac- 
 tion, and a quiet determination of their miseries; but 
 they possessing him w th a jelousie of Emperor's faith and 
 good meaning, and for argument alledgeing the Duke of 
 Bavaria's psent armes and tretie for reduction of Count 
 Mansfelt, who had in y e skirts of y e upper Palatinate 
 about 12,000 miserable pillagers, whose ill government 
 had eaten and devowred that people, so as they were de- 
 sirous rather of anie enemie than Mansfelt, cryed out to 
 gett him made theyr frend, wherby to oppose Count 
 
 2 H 
 
466 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 Tilli, who had for the Duke of Bavaria taken in all that 
 
 cuntrie w l h a handfull of men. My Lord Digbie by this 
 
 meanes, w th a desire allso to be plausible to y e Parlement 
 
 of England^ whither he was comeing, whom he knew to 
 
 be caryed w th a zeale in y l cause, though somewhat 
 
 blyndly, his LoP, forgetting y e obligation he had to y e 
 
 Emp r , naye, to his owne master's honor, and to all reallitie 
 
 betwixt man and man, he solliciteth Count Mansfelt, first 
 
 f 
 
 to delaie of his treatie, or concluding of it, and after shew- 
 ing him y e comand he nowe had, w ch , though it was over 
 a companie of rebbells and theeves, yet it was more then 
 on y e other syde he could looke for, possessing him w th 
 feare, and promising him present monie and certaine en- 
 tertainement from y e King, this man was lymed and 
 ravished w th a still continuance in y e wyld and barbarous 
 course he lived in. He putts off; he breaks from y e con- 
 ditions w ch were drawne, and upon sealing betwixt him 
 and Bavaria and my L. Digbie, leaves him y e monie afore- 
 saide in Heidelberg, and cometh downe to Marquis Spi- 
 nola's armie, leaving his man Grisley to bring him word 
 when Mansfelt was enterd Heidelberg.* It ys to be ima- 
 gened by anie man this, could not be so secretly effected 
 but y e Emp r must have intelligence of it, who could in 
 his owne cause doe no less than staye his com'ission to y e 
 Infanta, w ch by his letters he dyd, and after, by that tyme 
 
 * By way of agravation of ye Emp'rs unkyndnes [displeasure], 
 Digbie dyd after declare this his service to ye whole Parlemt, 
 who took any falsehood in good part that was invective against 
 Spain. But I knowe it for noe good, naye, for most yll and 
 false servyse, for otherwyse all things had, in short, been 
 accommodated. But Mansfelt, at his being in England, dyd 
 affirme he had no monie of Digbie, nor no plate, and I heard 
 so much before: but any thing will serve to deceave us wth. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 467 
 
 Digbie was at Spinola's campe, sent absolutely to dissolve 
 it, for y e reason aforesayde. Nowe came I from England 
 to Bruxells uppon y fc ground w ch L. Digbie went on fro* 
 Vienna ; but two dayes after my coming thither, after my 
 first audience, (w cli was for condoleance,) the news of this 
 fact of my L: Digbie's doth aryve there before himselfe, 
 who came about two dayes after, and was wellcomed ac- 
 cordingly by y e King of Spaine's ministers there. The 
 Leiger there telling him that, had he served his master 
 he wold at his returne be shorter by y e head. I dyd him 
 here all hon r I could, and he was formall enough to me 
 and with reason, for that I was there his Ma s Ambass r , 
 and he not in commission, but onely putt himselfe into 
 y e waye, expecting as good entertainment and reward 
 as formerly he had there receaved, and, in truth, cheefely 
 to supple y e Spanish ministers, that the worst con- 
 struction might not be made of this his last act. Hence 
 he came w th no satisfaction neyther to them nor him- 
 selfe. And the Infanta had nowe in y* cause not to 
 answer me w th anie thing but her zeale to y e cause, and 
 her powre being abrogated^ but with a promis of re-en- 
 forcing her mediation herein. But no particular man 
 suffered more in this than myselfe; for how the world 
 might have gone with me in y e Court (who had served for 
 honor 17 years) all men may judge, yf I had brought 
 home a cessation of armes, w ch undoubtedly I had done, 
 had not this prodegie hindered me. 
 
 On his Ma ies promise of makeing me a V. Count of Eng d y 
 by y e voluntarie mediation of y e sayde Infanta, Arch- 
 duchesse. 
 
 To y e high and mightie the Duke of Buckingham his 
 grace my noble lo: and master. 
 
 Yo r grace maye see by this, I neyther conceale nor 
 seeke to compass any thing in this sphere w th out y u ; for as 
 
 2 h 2 
 
468 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 yo r Grace's entrance into Court stayed me fro* a cuntrie 
 lyfe, by those hopes I had in y e comphorts y u gave me, so 
 hath my sayleing ever since beene by yo r compass onely. 
 
 These, my Lo. touching on yo r good nature, doe assure 
 of y e fayth I have in yo r favour, and will, I hope, drawe 
 not onely yo r attention but yo r furtherance also to my 
 humble request — an infant w cl1 in yo r Grace's absence 
 hath receaved a kynd of byrth, but stayed to be baptized 
 by y u . 
 
 When yo r Gr e nominated me to yt imployment to 
 Bruxells, yt pleased you to save it shold be but a begining 
 of yo r greater favour to me. That blessing made me so 
 prosperous, as I not onely pleased his Ma: in his errand (y e 
 maine of my desyres), but I so gayned y e good will of 
 that pious princess, as not once but often I have beene 
 moved and urdged from her to signefie howe she might 
 confer a favour on me there or here \ and (to be breefe) 
 at last I answered, Seeing O'Melon (a man unknowne 
 to his Ma: but as a fugetive and pentioner to a forraine 
 prince) had by y e strength of her Altez s mediation ob- 
 tained a tytle of hono r in Ireland, therfore, yf her Altez 
 thought it no wayes improper, I rather desyred to receave 
 an obligation from her in y l kynd here, then anie other 
 bountie or grace whersoever. 
 
 Where uppon she hath by an earnest lett r , with manie 
 markes of her goodnes therin, importun'd his Ma: to con- 
 fer a tytle of hon r on me here at her instance. His Ma: 
 hath geven answer lyke himselfe, as to a princess who 
 (I thinke) ys best affected to him of all others. 
 
 I feare by this yo r Lp sayeth, Why ? and valeweth me 
 as light as I doe myselfe. But, my Lo: His Ma ties owne 
 descent of a match by y e Earl of Lancaster, w th a daugh- 
 ter of my poore house and name, ys argument enugh of 
 my bludd being capable. His Ma ties holding at this daye 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 469 
 
 too Baronies w ch came to y e Crowne by that match, ys a 
 kynd of pretence and incitation to a Prince to create, yf 
 not to restore my house, so decayed. And lastly his Ma: 
 approveing my 18 years service, w th out reward from his 
 revenew or coffers, maye conclude this supplication to be 
 reasonable enough. 
 
 But what ys all this w th out yo r Grace's favor and fur- 
 therance, and except y u please by thus honoring me to 
 hon r yo r selfe, in doeing this, at a Princess her instance, 
 for him y l can give you nothing but himselfe — no hyre — 
 no rewarde — (those staynes that ho r ys now scandaled wt h ). 
 I doe most lowely, therfore, beseech y u hurt not him that 
 honoreth y u , but w th yo r good word bynd a gentleman, 
 and all his, (of no base parentage), to be to posteritie, as 
 he hath ever profest himselfe, 
 
 Yo r Grace's most humble serv 4 , 
 
 George Chaworth. 
 
 Octob r 1623. 
 
 Returning from my imploiment w th good opinion from 
 all, and extraordinarie celerity, it ys true that I dyd all y e 
 good offices betwixt his Ma: my great master and y e Arch 
 duchess her state, and all y e Spanish nation, that I could 
 possibly —Facilis descensus Averni. Everie man y t runeth 
 by y e King's stirrop can doe a greater than himself a dis- 
 pleasure in Court, sowe yll seeds easilye, w ch though they 
 prove weeds, and scent yll, yet they requyre more of 
 strength to destroye y m then to sowe y m . And as in this 
 great particuler, so in all things, I have held it my circle 
 to possess my master's eare well, and not yll, of all men ; 
 witnes y e case of my Lo: Stanhope, who otherwayes had 
 been arraigned for . . . , and not beene admitted to 
 be a Baron, and dyv s y e lyke, w ch though I have found 
 him and others unthankfull for y e offices I dyd y m , yet I 
 have my reward in y e remembrance therof. 
 
4/0 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 So dyd I in this particular (I saye) report to his Ma: 
 againe and againe howe noblely, howe hartely, and at 
 howe sumpteous chardge I had beene receaved. And 
 also how tenderly they treated w th me of my errand, howe 
 forwarde and hopefull they were to streighten and 
 strengthen y e amitie of our nations, and how both her 
 Altez and all y e great ones admyred his Ma ties wisdome. 
 This meeting w th his Ma ties good and sweete nature, opend 
 his eares and his hart to me, made him utter much of his 
 disposition to amitie w th to them, and saye what he sayde 
 to me. And you may easilie imagine his Ma: being a 
 prince so inclyned in nature to peace and amitie, dyd not 
 burye it in his owne bosum, but dyd, both to approve his 
 owne disposition and to make use therof, vent and utter 
 what I enformed him to dyvers, and endeede expressly to 
 y e Count of Goundemar, at that tyme and long before Am- 
 bassador Extraordinarie and Resident here for the treatie 
 of y e mariage betwixt his Highnes y e Prince and y e In- 
 fanta Dona Maria of Spaine. This man (I saye) haveing 
 this relation of myne from so good hands, and being master 
 of his art, most industrious for his master's service, and 
 y e most supple to bend unto, and inquisitive to search 
 into, y e humors, not onely of eminent, but even of par- 
 ticular men, he was not long from me : but as before he 
 had been forward to doe me y e right of an ambassador, so 
 nowe as a frend, and an affectant to y e amitie betwixt our 
 nations, he was serious to applye himselfe unto me, to 
 seeke me and my humor, to magnerie my house and ex- 
 traction, to put me in hopes of ryseing by y e match both 
 into hon r and office, and urdged me particulerly to hold 
 correspondence w th that virtuous Princess y e Arch Duchess, 
 sayeing she was strangely affected to my demeanour there, 
 and y e ho r I dyd my nation, w th protestation of y e powre 
 she had, both w th his Ma: my soveraigne and master, and 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 471 
 
 w th ye Emp r and King of Spaine, so as both for her virtue 
 and wysedome, and y e comodetie of her principalitie and 
 place of resydence, she was certaine to be y e moderator 
 and decider of all those great affaires now in agitation 
 touching peace or war in y e Palatinate, and to have y e full 
 decision of all y e great affaires of Christendome. And by 
 consequence must have a great and potent power w th his 
 Ma: to hon r whom she will hon r : w th much more to this 
 purpose. 
 
 This being infused into me, and tyme by tyme warmed 
 and kept alyve in my memorie, seconded and dubled by 
 Mons r Van Male, her Altezes agent here. And also being 
 enformed from Mr. W. Trumbull, his Ma ties agent, tyme 
 after tyme, howe tenderly her Altez enquyred after me 
 and magnefyed me — these all conjunct with y e importu- 
 neties of Mons r Van Male to attempt her Altez in a 
 request for my advantage, and, lastly, fynding myself well 
 grounded in his Ma ties grace, and much of j l Gundomar 
 had sayed touchinge y e relation of his Ma ties affaires to be 
 presented and finished at Bruxells. And lastly, I knowe- 
 ing y e strayne of y e Court, his Ma: being nowe alone in 
 y e Gov'ment, his Highness y e Prince, and y e high and 
 mightie great Duke of Buckingham, gone into Spaine 
 to make an end of that treatie of y e match ; these con- 
 joynct made me entertaine y e thought of obtaining hon r 
 by the pposition of her Altez, y e Arch Duchess of Austria, 
 mistris of y e Lowe Cuntries, and I had no sooner enter- 
 tained y e thought of itt, and utterd itt, but she writt to his 
 Ma tie a gracious and free letter, ernestly moveing him 
 therin ; and not to leave it unblest with her owne hand* 
 she subscribed halfe a dozen words, as appears by y e cop- 
 
 * That is, after her Secretary had written the letter under 
 her direction. 
 
472 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 pie of that letter sent me by Mr. Secret ie Fallie, w ch in 
 my boxe of letters I have figured w th y e first figure. 
 
 This letter came to y e Ambass r Legier here, who dyd 
 succeede Count Gondomar, named Don Carolos Colonna, 
 Gov'nor of Cambraye, w th a letter also to him, comanding 
 him to sollicit y e suite ernestly. This gent, is everie waye 
 a brave man, but no wayes so proper for his imployment 
 here as his predicessor, yet I have reson to saye he was at 
 this tyme forward enough to serve my turne : but it so 
 chanced as he had but newly cumd from an audience w th 
 his Ma: and therfore was to stave his tyme for another 
 occasion of busynes that might give him access, being but 
 improper for this occasion of myne only, to have audience, 
 and this occasion was delayed on this accident of y e Marq s 
 Ynojosa his coming Ambass r out of Spayne, to adv'tise y e 
 K. of his High 8 safe aryval there, and for the perfecting 
 and poyncts of y e mariage, to joyne w th Don Carolos in 
 takeing y e King's oathe. For this occasion, I saye, Don 
 Carolos stayed from pressing his access; but goeing to 
 meete his companion at Dover, they both had an audience 
 passant at Greenwich, w ch y e Marquess himself made so 
 short as he sayde verie little, but onely dehVd his letters 
 of credence. This I sawe myselfe was noe tyme for my 
 affaire, yet the Ambass r sent to me to excuse y e not doe- 
 ing itt, but promised y e next assuredly shold be y e daye. 
 About 8 dayes after, they had both together a joviall 
 audience at Greenwich, and it chanced to be in y* same 
 roome to y e garden at end of y e gallerie, where 19 years 
 before I was knighted by y e same hand j l receaved y e 
 lett r . His Ma: had no sooner read y e letter but he laughed 
 lowde and hartely, sayeing, " A Vice Count ! a Vice 
 Count ! " and prayed y e Ambass r to assure her Altez that 
 in this or any thing els he shold never fayle in her de- 
 syres of anie thing that was in his powre, and prayed him 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 4/3 
 
 also to certefie her that she could not have placed her 
 desyres to honor anie gent, in y e world of whom he had a 
 better opinion, and so he wold manifest.* 
 
 W th this y e Ambass 1 ' held himselfe well satisfyed, ex- 
 pecting his Ma ties owne prosecution hereof. But herein 
 were two gross errors ; but whether my want of sollicita- 
 tion was guiltie therof or no I knowe not ; y e one that 
 Don Carolos dyd not call for answer of y e lett 1 ', and y e 
 same to be writt from his Ma: w ch he had bydden him 
 wryte , and y e other was that he dyd not call hard to have 
 a byll signed. Certenly he was not altogether ignorant 
 of y e King's tardienes to doe those things [that] concerne 
 his owne good, and much more those that he ys engaged 
 by his lipps onely to doe. 
 
 The progress nowe came on, but yet before itt y e Am- 
 bass 1 * dyd declare to me that his Ma: had invyted y m both 
 to meete him y e 5th of August at Salisburie, where (sayeth 
 he) wilbe a fit oportunetie for re-inforcing his Ma ties pro- 
 mis for yo r advantage. He importuned me to be present ; 
 but my cosen Mis. F. Maners being newly cumd out of 
 Italie w th y e Countess of Arundell, her father lately dead, 
 her mother in y e cuntrie, because of my putting her to 
 journey^ she nowe had none to relye on for her com- 
 phorts, or conveyance to her mother, but I, who for this 
 occasion, and for haveing appointed long before to jour- 
 
 * Here ys to be reme'bred, that before ye King's p'gress, or 
 my going for ye cuntrie, w'thin 4 dayes after ye Ambass'rs 
 speaking to ye K. I myselfe dyd take occasion, his Ma: being 
 alighted att his hunting in Puttney Parke, to let him knowe I 
 understood both of ye obligation I had unto her Altez, to D. 
 Carolos, and espetially to his Ma. for his gracious answer to 
 him. Ye K. answered, "Yea, it ys true, G. Chaworth, w'th all 
 my hart, but it cannot be done in this place j" and so I putt 
 him to his coatch. 
 
4J4 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 ney at such a certaine daye w th my wyfe into y e cuntrie 
 (in w ch little appointments I was ever too curious), I dyd 
 not go w th or after y e Court this progress, but relyed 
 uppon my L. Ambass rs own© solicitation of my errand. 
 
 But I dispatched my boye w t}l a letter of salutation to 
 him, w ch might putt him in mynd of me. Yet so unhap- 
 pily it fell out as Don Carolos fell verie sick by y e waye, 
 so as, though he went to Salsburie, yet was he not able to 
 goe to Court untill y e last daye of theyr dep'ture thence, 
 when he dyd onely reme'ber his Ma: for my affair, who 
 answered another tyme he wold doe itt. And so because 
 of my absence, and my L. Ambass. sicknes, this cause 
 receaved a putt off at this tyme. 
 
 At y e end of y e progress I returned to Court, and there 
 I found not so much as anie to have a notice of this my 
 cause, w ch Mr. Secret" Calvert held strange ; " For," 
 sayeth he, " though I kept y e letter secrett, w ch his Ma: 
 com'itted to my hands, yet I feared he wold have talked 
 of itt as he doth of all other things, w ch doth give me as- 
 surance he intends to doe itt," and dyd wish me therfore 
 to sollicitt y e Ambass r to urdge a conclusion. 
 
 No sooner was y e King settled in y e South, but her 
 Altez sent new letters, not onely to y e old Ambass T , but 
 also to y e Marq s of Ynojosa, (because y e mayne of all 
 busynes laye nowe on him.) com'anding y m both to press 
 his Ma: for confirming me in y e hon r she had demanded 
 and his Ma: promised for me. But y e truth ys, about 
 this tyme they were at theyr wytts end, for everie daye 
 they had posts signefying y e yll goeing of y e treatie in 
 Spaine, on occasion of Buckingham's discord w th his fel- 
 low minion, Count Olivares ; and anon, a certentie of y e 
 Prince his returne thence w th out the lady, or affiance to 
 her. The distraction of this cause might well dislocate my 
 cause, and putt theyr braynes to other worke. So as in 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 47 5 
 
 deede they laye ydle therin, though they had access for 
 other errands. 
 
 The 6th of October, his High s y e Prince happely re- 
 turned w th infynete acclamations of us all, from all Princes 
 his Ma ties Allies came Ambass rs of congratulation of his 
 happie returned And amongst y m came D. Diego Mexia, 
 fro' her Altez. This man ys Generall of y e Ordnance in 
 Lowe Cuntries, in y e place of Count de Buquoi, defunct 
 (who perished in y e war of Hungarie against Bethlem Ga- 
 bar). This Ambass r also had it in commission express to 
 sollicitt her Altez request for my hon r ; he shewed it me, 
 and he had it in his hand to shew his Ma: at his private 
 audience. He stayed here w th his traine, w cl1 was y e 
 bravest and richest that ever was seene in Eng d , manie of 
 ym being comanders, all soldjers, and most of y m bare y e 
 markes therof, some halting, some hurt in y e face, some 
 in y e bodie and armes, by shott. I saye he stayed here 
 about 10 dayes. He dyd sollicitt my cause; and, as he 
 himself told me, his Ma: spake tenderly of me, giveing him 
 many cofhendations of me, and freely promised it shold be 
 done. 
 
 But I knoweing w ch waye was next to y e wood, told 
 him playnely, if he dyd not win Buckingham to itt ther 
 wold be nothing don. He verie bravely answered he had 
 in chardge to see it done, and therfore he wold treate w th 
 Buckingham for itt. He dyd itt , and his Grace replyed 
 to him that she (i. e. y e Infanta) could not in Eng d have 
 chosen one more worthie of hon r than myselfe, both in 
 
 * Here ys to be reme'bred that ye Duke of B. was no 
 sooner at Court but I dyd humbly acquaint him w'th her Altez's 
 favour, and his Ma'ies p'mised grace, and besought him to give 
 fewell to ye fyre j who answered me at Hinchinbrooke he wold 
 satisfye me at London : but urdging his assent, he sware itt. 
 The letter ys in y e page before this narration. 
 
476 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 my blood and service to his Ma: 3 besyds he had a parti- 
 cular engagement of debt to me for y e love and fayth I 
 had ever borne him, and therefore he needed not doubt 
 but I shold have his uttermost service in anye thing, 
 much more in this, being but my meritt. Att this dis- 
 course he invyted him (w th his traine) to supper ; but they 
 had before been invyted to Carlile's, where happened that 
 w ch gave a blow to my busynes, as I conceave. Being at 
 my L. of Carlile's at sup r , and after they were well warmed 
 w th wyne, Buckingham fayrely breakes w th y e Viscount of 
 Gaunt, C. Ceningham, y e D. of Arscott's brother, and one 
 or too more of y e cheafe of y m , to be lovers and frends of 
 y e Hollanders, to shake of y e yoake of Spayne, and to 
 make y m selves free Lords, as they Hollanders had done. 
 This they enformed theyr cheefe y e Ambass r of; and 
 howe he tooke it may be imagened. He hasted awaye 
 home, as was tyme ; but yet againe, at y e feast his Grace 
 made him at Yorke House the night following, at parting 
 w th him he dyd reme'ber his Grace of me ; whose bludd 
 (guilty of attempting to injure a Princess that had honord 
 him by seekeing him) was curdled, but yet replyed yes 
 to him, w th some compleaments to y e former effect. But 
 soone after dyd y e Duke heare of exceptions taken against 
 him by y e State at Bruxells, and it was playnely excepted 
 against, to himselfe by Mons r Van Male, her Altez agent 
 here, y e Marq s Ynyjosa also telling him roundly of y e un- 
 noblenes of y e fact at y e E 1 of Carlile's. By this little 
 and short ende y u maye imagen y e Duke's Gr. wold have 
 an eye to me, or anye that wished endifferent to that syde, 
 that we shold not prosper w th sunne shyne from y l court. 
 But notw th standing, by virtue of y e sayde lett rs fro' her 
 Altez, dyrected to y m both^ my Lo s Ambass rs wold assaye 
 his Ma: and so dyd at Whyte Hall, at y e begyning of this 
 Parlement. To whom y e K. answered, it was not his 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 4/ / 
 
 fault that it was not dispatched. Uppon w c h, at theyr next 
 oportunetie, they dyd move Buckingha' to gett it done. 
 His LoP then pleased to answer, that itt was true I was 
 in my owne proper person well worthie y l and more, but 
 y e truth was there were alredie too manie nobilitie in 
 England, and espetially that tytle was too great for my 
 ffortunes, whose meanes were not yet enough for itt. I 
 have reason to believe this to be his answer, though he 
 had none to give itt ; for y e multitude, he hath alreadie, 
 since that daye, encreased y l ranke too (: — Vic 1 Ton- 
 bridge (a man worthie of much more), and Vicount Save, 
 a man obnoxious to y e K. in all his regalitie, to y e orders 
 of our church, and to my L. himself in y e last Parlement, 
 for w cli (God knoweth howe justly) he suffered 3 months 
 imprisonment and more -, but though I suffer in y e exam- 
 ple, I am glad of this one and single example of his Lp s 
 pardoning one man against whom he had conceaved dis- 
 pleasure, for y e K. himselfe sayeth of him, Ci He were a 
 fyne man yf he could forgive.'" But that ys not y e worst of 
 itt ; he will not forgive his owne thoughts and his yll ima- 
 ginations of anie man : as in particular his cloude against 
 me, who never thought him yll, ever dyd him all service, 
 and y e best offices I could to my M r , whose open eare I 
 had 10 years before he came to Court; and when he looked 
 in, I dyd what laye in me to open a wyde dore to him for 
 that throne, wherin he doth nowe sytt so high, as he doth 
 misknowe his frends and himselfe also. 
 
 The Parlement cumd, and in y e first weeke y e ©position 
 being a breach w th Spaine, a war dyvertive, &c. and the 
 Prince y e seconder of all Bucking 5 could ppound. These 
 yll and unpeaceable spirits entering y e stage, it was 
 nowe more then tyme I shold sett downe w th my busynes* 
 and eyther crush it in y e cradle or lull itt a sleepe untill 
 another and fitter season. So dyd my L. Ambass rs hold 
 
4/8 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 meete, so dyd Mr. Secretarie advyse me. And here I 
 leave it in y e hands of God y e givear of all things, be- 
 seeching him to make me contented w th whatsoev 1 " degree 
 it pleaseth him to place me in, high or lowe, rich or poore. 
 So be itt. 
 
 That Speech w ch , uppon occasion of replye, I chaunced to 
 speake in ye Parlement held in Feb. 1623, touching trea- 
 ties and breach of peace, by a ivarr w th Spaine. 
 
 Mr. Speaker, 
 It hath beene urdged, not onely to have y e K. declare y e 
 treaties broken, but (out of great suspition) to have itt 
 declared by his Ma: what treaties, and w th what prince. 
 Others have beene importunate to pvyde that his Ma: 
 maye have no powre at all ov r y e monie. And yet all doe 
 agree in strife of drawing y e sum to as little a pportion as 
 they maye. To these purposes I will crave yo r pardons 
 yf I agree w tb no man hath spoken before me. 
 
 For y e treatie of y e match (so much urdged to be bro- 
 ken), who seeth not that alreadie it ys broken ? And so 
 broken as ys unpossible ev r to be peced againe. Yea, for 
 my part, I am confident it ys as much disjoynted as yf two 
 armies were allreadie in y e feeld. And y* of y e Palatinate 
 all of us conclude it to be but a contingent of y e other, 
 nor can be w th out y e other; therfor I conclude this dis- 
 pute maye end, seeing both these treaties are at an end 
 alredie, and (under correction) I conceave it manifest. 
 The K/s last speech to us at Whyte Hall, with y e expla- 
 nation, ys also a playne declaration of y e breach and end 
 of these treaties. 
 
 The King's Ma: hath then before hand done that thing 
 for us on w ch (w th such strong desyres) we dispute. And 
 therfore we ought to leave to suspect him, or to put con- 
 ditions on him. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 479 
 
 There ys a third treatie or truce w th Spaine, long since 
 made no wayes contingent to these others, w ch for my 
 part I understand not to be broken, and I thinke I maye 
 saye, woe to them that councell itt, nor wish I us to be 
 guiltie of advyseing his Ma: to violate his truces and 
 oathes geven for y m . We have little more hold for our 
 owne tranquillitie ; and y e same potion maye be ministered 
 to ourselve y* we p'pare for others. And yf this treatie 
 breake (as I see it to be y e marke manie shoot at), I dare 
 assure y u , though his Ma ties demand of six subsidies be a 
 great scar-crowe amongst us, yet this breach would feare 
 us worse, and cost us a dearer then six and six subsedies. 
 
 And for that poynt w ch hath beene so ernestly pressed 
 for (Holland's p'sent releefe), I am not of theyr mynds 
 that urdge y m to be eyther in so desperate estate, or to be 
 had first in consideration before Eng d ; for whosoev r con- 
 sidireth howe one peece of ground, no lardger then this 
 palace, held out three years, yeelding not untill 150,000 
 gsons perished before itt, and were buryed in y e place ; 
 or that in these 3 years past there hath not one place 
 beene gained from y m , then y 11 maye conclude that they 
 will not be ov runne this year, no more then Rome was 
 built in a daye. 
 
 But, S r , I had rather wave that cource, and advyse us 
 us first to destroye those enemies we have at home, by 
 our rectefying ourselves, and ail those throng of abuses in 
 y e Courts of Justice. Lett us cutt off all theyr unjust ex- 
 actions, all theyr extorting ffees, and unnecessarie chardges 
 for petitions and what not ! And when we have perfected 
 good lawes for y e com'on good, let us tye to them a pre- 
 sent to his Ma: of two subsedies and 4 fifteens, freely to 
 be disposed by himself e. And at our next meeting at 
 Michelm s , lett us then pursue our former protestation of 
 maintaining a war, yf ther be one. 
 
480 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 And I dare awarrant y u his Ma: will in y e interim both 
 see his navie so rigged as it shall keepe all enemies at y r 
 armes, and (yf he see occasion) he can (w th out breach of 
 y e greate Treatie) releeve y e Hollanders, w th out our pub- 
 lic act to tye him to alott it for that use. And y e sayde 
 corruptions being abrogated, we shalbe bett r able at Mi- 
 chelm s to give two than we are now one subsedie for a 
 war, yf God punish us w th one ; but, for my part, yf a war 
 ensue upon our petition, w ch you nowe urdge, were I to 
 chuse, I had rather be in y e office of Admirall of Eng* 1 
 then K. of Eng d ; but I beseech y u expound me rightly, as 
 he that ys a true Eng sh man, loveing my owne cuntrie's 
 good in a dyrect lyne before all others, and doe positively 
 affirme (uppon sure grounds) the waye to benefltt itt ys to 
 pserve it in peace w th all Christian nations, and to roote 
 out home corruptions ; and yf this agree not w th y e pre- 
 sent humor of y e House, I aske yo r pardons, but am com- 
 phorted therin, in that it agreeth w th charitie. 
 
 This was no sooner utter'd, w ch God knoweth I uttered 
 from my owne hart upon y e psent occasion, and wholly 
 unpmeditated, but I sawe y e house on fyre for itt, and 
 because I understoode well the indisposition of some 
 there to runne and carye tales to Court, and misinterprit 
 all that sounded not to theyr owne tune, I thought good 
 to anticipate y m by telling my owne tale to my owne M r , 
 therfore I psently (as before I had often done) writt my 
 lett r to his Ma: lying at Otelands, eertefying him y e schope 
 of that morning's worke, and pticulerly of my pt therin, 
 and howe I feared a misconstruction therof. His Ma: 
 sent me worde that he thanked me. 
 
 But w th in 4 dayes after y e E 1 of Kelly, his Ma's good 
 serv* and councellor, and Groome of his Stoole, came to 
 me, being sent expressly from his Ma: to tell me that 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 481 
 
 much exception was taken to my speech, not onely by 
 Buckingham, but by dyv s others, and espetiallie by Car- 
 lile, who said it was y e most malitious one y* could pos- 
 sibly be utter'd; that they labored my commitment on 
 com'and from Court, but his Ma: wished me send him a 
 coppie of it yf I could, but in anye case to leave out all 
 words w ch might suffer yll interpretation, and then lett his 
 Ma: alone, he wold awarrant me I shold have noe harme. 
 This was y e early message to me fro' his Ma: and accord- 
 ingly I dressed one up that night, and sent it his LoP, 
 who y e next morning, being Sundaie, gave itt his Ma: 
 who psently sent for Bucking', Carlile, with Conwaye y 6 
 Secretary, yea, and for y e Prince, (whom also they had too 
 much exasperated against me,) and in all their psences 
 caused it to be reade. Y e Prince sayde nothing at all 5 
 Bucking' grumbled, and Carlile sayde as he had sayde 
 before, although I confess I had left out all the bitternes 
 of itt, as may appeare by some coppies w clt I published 
 purposely, both into y e cuntrie and in London. Dayely 
 dyd I attend in Court and Parlem 1 , and was tould by all 
 that I was bound to y e King, who had sworne to y m that 
 had (he) beene in y e House of Parlem 1 he wold have 
 spoken just my words. But all were not of his good 
 mynd ; for when they could doe me noe harme w th him, 
 they irritated an old chalenge against me, of my mis-elec- 
 tion in y e towne for w ch I served (w ch was Arundell), and 
 after I had sate in y e house 6 weeks an old chalenge was 
 revyved to y* place, and though I had 16 witnesses to 
 cleere and justefie my election, yet y e Committee entred 
 to y a hearing y e cause, but just at sunne sett, and being 
 then darkeish (before Ester), they made it such a worke,* 
 and in one quarter of an houre, w th out soe much as heare- 
 ing one wittnes for me, or more then one wittness against 
 
 * He means a dark business. 
 2 i 
 
482 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 me, they sentenced my election voyde; naye, they, to 
 make sure I shold not be in, allowed another election to be 
 good in my roome, and dyd not order a new writt for a 
 new election, as is just and usuale, so powrefull was y e 
 verie humor of y e Duke in that House at y l tyme. 
 
 For all this, I went and sate in y e House y e next morne, 
 and when that report was made I denyed to w th drawe un- 
 heard, and so bouldly deliv'd my mynd concernyng the 
 unjustnes of that act as nev r was done in y e House, and 
 so Mr. Secret"" 1 Calvert affirmed to myself publicly, with 
 this, that it was not my election was against y e sense of y e 
 House, but my former speech, so as they were glad to be 
 shutt of me, giveing me y e tytle of a Royalist. Yet here 
 y e sound of this ceased not in my eares ; for when I came 
 to wayte on y e King my m r , at y e pulling on his boots, in 
 y e bedchamber at Theobalds, in Ester weeke, y e Duke 
 could not hould, but upbrayded me for my speech in 
 Parle 1 , sayeing it was against y e King ; and I opposing, 
 and his LoP growing hotter in it, after that his Ma: had 
 argued a whyle in my behalfe, he brake out in impa- 
 tience, turneing to y e Duke, and sayeing, u By y e wounds, 
 you are in y e wrong ! for he spake my soule ; therfore 
 speake noe more 'of this matter, I chardge you." But 
 his most vindictive nature hath infynitely revendged it- 
 selfe uppon me, even for his conceaved displeasure against 
 me, for cause I nev r gave him anye. Nowe must his 
 corrupt creature, Lincolne, that Bishop, then Lo: Keeper, 
 cross me all he can in my farme of y e writts, and rather 
 then awarde me right, wrong all y e KMome, by seldome 
 sealinge, contrarie to his oathe. Nowe must I be resolved 
 (by y e waye of schoff) that I could not be made a Lord. 
 And except y e world strangely alter, here maye I set up 
 y e nil ultra of my getting anie grace or good in this Court. 
 
 Julye 1623. G. Chaworth. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 483 
 
 The Message sent me by y e Duke of Buckingham, touching 
 my having y e Tytle of a Vice Count, y e Sundaie before 
 K. James died.* 
 
 Doctor More came to me at 9 a clock in y e morning, 
 and after some talke about y e bush (as we saye), he tasted 
 me yf or noe I desyred honor, sayeing howe proper it was 
 for me; and I to his generalls giveing gener 11 denyals, 
 att last he sayeth, " Well, because I wilbe short, and be- 
 
 * Among the MSS. at Loseley was found a very fair one, 
 intituled, " The Forerunner of Revenge upon the Duke of 
 Buckingham for the poisoning of King James, the Lord Mar- 
 quis of Hamilton, &c. by Dr. George Eglisham, ten years one of 
 King James's Physicians." A printed copy of the same tract is 
 preserved among the King's pamphlets in the British Museum. 
 Although the imputation has been adopted by Wilson, we can- 
 not think that Eglisham's accusation makes any thing for its 
 its veracity. His exaggerated account of the effects of the 
 supposed poison upon the body of the Duke of Hamilton, and 
 the bitter style of crimination against the Duke, in which his 
 treatise and petition to the Houses of Parliament on the subject, 
 are penned, have weakened his testimony by the endeavour to 
 prove too much. On the death of the Marquis of Hamilton, he 
 says, * f no sooner was he dead, when the force of the poyson 
 had overcome the forces of his bodie, but he began to swell in 
 such sort that his thighs were as big as six times their natural 
 proportion 3 his bellie became as big as the bellie of an oxe ; 
 his armes as big as the naturall quantitie of his thighs ; his neck 
 so broade as his shoulders ; his cheeks swelled over the top of 
 his nose, that his nose could not be seen or distinguished ; the 
 skin of his forehead over his eyes, with all the rest of the skin 
 of his heade two fingers high ; his mouth and nose foaming 
 blood, mixt with froth of divers colours, a yarde high." Are 
 we not justified, after the above, in believing that the Doc 
 tor indulged in the hyperbolical strain when adducing proofs 
 against his enemies? 
 
 2 1 2 
 
484 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 cause I have so good a wittnes as my Ladie, I will deale 
 trulye w th y u . I am nowe sent to you fro' y e Duke of 
 Buckingham to knowe yf y u wilbe a Scotish V. County and 
 give him £2,500 for procureing it, or not?" I makeing 
 a wonder at it, he sayde, " Cum, stand not in your owne 
 light; you maye have itt reasonable enough." I prayed 
 him againe to tell me seriously yf y e D. sent him w th this 
 to me or not ? He answered (w th an asseveration), " Yes, 
 expressly ; and I must instantly carye him yo r answer." 
 " And will y u doe it faythfullie ? " sayde I. " Yes/' sayde 
 he. " Then," sayd I, " praye his LoP to resolve y u whe- 
 ther I was never pmised, both by y e King and himselfe, 
 to be a Baron of Scotland. Naye," sayde I, "beseech 
 him to resolve y u whether y e K. dyd nev r pmis me, and y e 
 Archduchess for me, yea, and also to three extraorde- 
 narie Ambass rs of y e K. of Spaine, that I shold have y e 
 tytle of a Vice Count of England ? And, Doctor, when 
 y u have brought me answer of this, I will then give y u 
 answer to y e other." He went with this, and two hours 
 after he returned to me w th assurance howe faythfullie he 
 had asked my Lo: Duke my questions. Whose answer 
 (he sayde) was, that although he could not deny ye one 
 and y e other to be otherwayes y n truth, yet I must take 
 y e tymes as they were, and yf I wold not nowe give him 
 £2,500 for y* tytle he offered, w th expectation of getting 
 y e other for me hereafter, by God I shold never have anie 
 tytle wlrylst he lived. The first I denyed, and his Grace 
 hath made good his oathe. God soe rewarde him. 
 
 After the death of James, which occurred in March 
 1624, Sir George Chaworth seems to have revived his ap- 
 plication for the peerage, but to have obtained it at length 
 only on the old terms of purchase from the Duke of 
 Buckingham. His wish was to have obtained an English 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 485 
 
 Barony, Basset of Weldon, to which, he says, " he pre- 
 tended by his ancestor's match with Alisbury, who mar- 
 ried the daughter and heyre of the said Basset." The 
 price of the Irish Peerage, with future expectation for 
 English, was £1,500, half to be paid down, and the other 
 half within six months after his creation ; for the execu- 
 tion of which covenant the Duke addressed his warrant to 
 him as follows : 
 
 " Sir George Chaworth, the monies w ch his Ma: com- 
 manded you deliver to my hands, you shall paye unto 
 Signor Gentilesco. And this shall be your warrant. 
 Geven at Wytehall y e 7th of Januarie 1627- 
 
 (i Buckingham." 
 
 His letters patent were now prepared, elevating him to 
 " the state, grade, honor, and dignity of Baron Chaworth, 
 of Tryme, in the county of Meath, and Viscount Cha- 
 worth of Armagh, both in the Kingdom of Ireland/' They 
 are given at length in his Diary. They recite his services 
 as a gentleman of King James's privy chamber, as ambas- 
 sador to the Infanta and Archduchess, his descent from 
 royal blood, by the intermarriage of one of his ancestors 
 with an Earl of Lancaster. But this elevation fell short 
 of his views, as it gave him no admission to the English 
 House of Peers -, he, therefore, while the above official 
 instrument was passing the seals, addressed the following 
 letter to the Duke : 
 
 " May it please your Grace, I have shewed my obedy^ 
 ence to his Ma ties comand and yo r desyre, in accepting 
 tytle out of my waye, and at a dearer rate then others, so 
 I doe beseech yo r Grace, lett y e first step of yo r pmised 
 favor to me be to move his Ma: to lett me att this tyme 
 also (all in all) receeve y e tytle of Baron Bassett of 
 England, w ch ys my right in blud, and addeth no place at 
 all to me but y c means to serve his Ma: and yo r Grace in 
 
486 THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 
 
 this Parlem*. His Ma : holdeth two other Baronies from 
 my poor house, w th theyr possessions, so as besyde y e obli- 
 gation I and myne posteritie must hereby have to yo r 
 Grace, it will be a marque of his Ma ties justice, as well 
 as of his favour towards your Grace's most humble serv 1 , 
 
 K George Chaworth." 
 
 " Upon this," continues the writer, " y e Duke sent for 
 me, and w lli lookeing on that extraction I shewed him 
 drawn from y e Lo: Basset, he said, f I will move y e King 
 in itt, but now ys no fitt tyme to mingle it w th this other. 
 The next daye he dyd tell me ( his Ma: was enclyned as I 
 could wish, to doe my owne desyre, but at that tyme he 
 held yt no wayes expedient for him or necessarie for me ; 
 but,' sayde he, f trust to me; by G — it shall be done 
 ere long/ And after goeing along y e gallarie to his bed- 
 chamber, and fynding Signor Gentilesco and Signor Mi- 
 chelini there, he turned to me againe, and asked me if I 
 had geven that old man content ?* I sayde I shold doe it 
 presently. c But, my Lord,' sayde I, ( remember your 
 promise to me, as you are a gentleman.' He sayde again, 
 before them two, aloude, e By G — I will, and soon too ; 
 and you shalbe glad of this agreement betwixt you and 
 me, for I wilbe worth thus much to you ere long, and 
 thou shalt have thy desyre in that tytle you clayme.' 
 ' Geve me your hand on itt/ sayde I. f Yes/ sayde he, 
 ( and they shalbe witnesses ;' and so gave me his hand." 
 
 In another place, Lord Chaworth adds : " This busynes 
 [of the Irish Viscounty] being determined, and I brought to 
 y e King to kiss his hands, I then cast about to pursue my 
 former request to be called to y e Parlement, w ch nowe was 
 beginning. His Grace sware it should be done. I wisht 
 him save who I shold get to put him in mynd of it ? He 
 
 * Respecting the money to be paid for the Irish title. 
 
THE LOSELEY MANUSCRIPTS. 487 
 
 answered, c My wyfe/ I moved her to it, and she un- 
 dertook it; but, notwithstanding her undertaking and his 
 promises, I was abused, and the Lord Keeper Coventry, 
 Sir Richard Weston, Sir Edward Howard, and Sir G. 
 Goring, were made by pattents Barons, and no word men- 
 tioned of me." 
 
 It was in vain, on this neglect, that Chaworth addressed 
 the Duchess, as the Duke^s authorized remembrancer ; the 
 Duke himself, as the promiser ; and the King, as a subject 
 injured by the Duke, who had obliged him to purchase 
 honours from his Majesty, the extent of which had not 
 been fulfilled, although the covenant were ratified by the 
 Duke's oath. The letter setting forth these grievances, 
 dated from Southwell, September 1629, Chaworth says 
 he directed under cover to Lady Denbigh, who presented 
 it to King Charles at Hampton Court, who read it all over, 
 and, sayirig nothing to it, called for a candle and burnt it. 
 
 Thus Chaworth fully experienced the disappointment 
 of that poor man who builds his airy prospects on the 
 honours and preferments of a Court. He sits down, to 
 use his own words, to unburthen his wounded spirit, 
 " confused and confounded of being so near, yet missing 
 the addition of an hereditary honour to his house/' He 
 determines to load the unsensible paper with those oppres- 
 sive thoughts which poison the best faculty of his soul, 
 memory. Hence he has contributed to these pages the 
 amusing, if quaint and sometimes prolix notes, which con- 
 stitute his desultory Diary. Among them, the fees which 
 he paid for his Irish Peerage, in addition to the purchase- 
 money to the rapacious Duke, have not been forgotten. 
 The MS. is throughout autograph, with the exception of 
 some official letters of form, which seem to have been 
 transcribed by his secretary. 
 
ADDENDA. 
 
 Notes of some Papers which have not been inserted at 
 length. 
 
 1. Lord William Howard to William More, Esq. His 
 son Charles is about a to stand in election " for one of the 
 Knights of the Shire of Surrey : requests his vote in his 
 favour, and those of as many of tenants, neighbours, and 
 friends, as he can procure. — Dec. 20, 1558. 
 
 2. The bailiffs, and certain inhabitants of the town of 
 Kingston-upon-Thames, petition W T illiam More, Esq. com- 
 plaining of the consumption of wood by means of an 
 iron mill in that neighbourhood. The (i price of a load of 
 tall wood has been raised from 3s. to 4s. and of charcoal 
 from 10s. to 20s." They pray that he will aid to put down 
 the mill by Act of Parliament. — Feb. 5, 1562. 
 
 3. Roger Byngborne, a servant of Lord Montague, to 
 William More : a My Lords of Leycester and Sussex are 
 made friends, and came yesterday ridinge through the 
 cytye together, and so dyned at my Lord of Bedford^s 
 house, St. Mary Overies/" — June 23, 1566. 
 
 4. " Ane Proclamation set furth by my Lord Regent in 
 the name of our Souverane Lord, declaring the purpose 
 
ADDENDA. 489 
 
 of them quha assisted with our Souverane Lorde's Mo- 
 ther," &c. (This refers to the murder of Darnley.) Glas- 
 gow, May 13, 1568. " Imprented at Edinburgh be Ro- 
 bert Lekpreuk, Prentar to the Kingis Majestic"* 
 
 - 5. Robert Bishop of Winchester to Sir William More. 
 Requests him to call before him John Slifelde of Byfleet, 
 "who has maintained dancing in his ale house on the 
 Sabbath day, in the time of divine service. Richard Snose- 
 mere was the minstrel." He hears Nicholas Woodyer, of 
 Witley, has affirmed that women have no souls. Begs he 
 will examine into the charge. — Winchester, Oct. 7> 1570. 
 
 6. Licence by the Magistrates of Surrey for a common 
 badger; that is, a buyer and transporter of corn, or other 
 grain, from one county to another. — 14 Eliz. July 5, 
 1572. 
 
 7. Robert (Home), Bishop of Winchester to Sir William 
 More. Begs he will send him one he told him of, skilful 
 in trimming and stopping of teeth. — Aug. 19, 1572. 
 
 8. Edwin Sands, Bishop of London, to Mr. More. He 
 has lost a brinded dog, which the Lady Rich gave him. 
 Hears it is at Guildford. Begs him to be a means that it 
 may be returned him by the bearer, his lackey. He has 
 had sundry bucks given him, and has never a dog to kill 
 them. — Fulham, Aug. 1572. 
 
 9. The Earl of Leicester to Mr. More. Has been com- 
 missioned by the Queen to repress the inordinate use of 
 cross-bows and guns by such as have not authority to 
 bear them ; and of hawking within the forest of Windsor, 
 
 * Many rare old printed proclamations, pamphlets, and 
 newspapers are extant at Loseley. 
 
490 ADDENDA. 
 
 whereby the game of pheasant and partridge are much 
 decayed. He has committed to Mr. More the charge of 
 Surrey bailiwick, who is to see the above enforced there- 
 in, that her Highness have no further cause of complaint 
 when she comes to Windsor or Oatlands. — Greenwich, 
 May 26, 1573. 
 
 10. The Commissioners for repairing the Thames wall or 
 embankment at Wapping Marsh, have authority to arrest 
 horses, oxen, carts, wains, timber, labourers, &c. for the 
 purpose. Nevertheless, beg Mr. More's aid in taking up 
 the same at a fair composition, they are much pressed in 
 the matter, as they fear every full sea the Thames will 
 break in, and drown the whole marsh. — No date. 
 
 1 1 . The Earl of Pembroke to Sir William More. He had 
 granted the Earl's father permission to convey the water 
 in leads (leaden pipes), at his own cost, from the Black 
 Friars to Baynard's Castle. The passage of the water 
 has been diverted by persons making cocks into his pipes. 
 Requests he may be allowed to convey the water by an- 
 other channel from the fountain head in Sir William 
 More's garden. — No date. 
 
 12. The Council to Sir William More. Great inconveni- 
 ence having arisen from the making of large quantities of 
 iron ordnance in the Realm, it being imported into foreign 
 parts, and supplied to pirates haunting the seas; iron 
 mills and forges having also greatly consumed the woods ; 
 he is to visit all such places throughout Surrey, and to 
 forbid the making of any more ordnance. — Court at Hat- 
 field, Aug. 24, 1576. 
 
 13. The Council to the Sheriff and Justices of Surrey. 
 Shipping and mariners being the chief est fortresses of the 
 Realm, they are to enforce the due observation of eating 
 
ADDENDA. 491 
 
 fish in Lent. Her Majesty's commandment in this re- 
 spect is for the benefit of the Commonwealth, without 
 any intention of superstition, which all her acts seek to 
 remove. — Feb. 4, 1577- 
 
 13. The Bishop of Winchester to Sir William Moore. 
 Would gladly know the opinion of the astrologers relative 
 to the ce tayled star." He would gladly learn what they 
 find in the lower heavens, for to the higher they never 
 will ascend. — Waltham, Dec. 7? 1577- 
 
 14. Alexander Nowell, Dean of St. Paul's (one of the re- 
 formers of the Church, who, in the time of Mary, had 
 lived an exile in Germany for the truth of the Gospel,) 
 requests Sir William More to give the living of Hamble- 
 don to Henry Adams, one diligent in teaching the cate- 
 chism^ and setting forth true religion. 
 
 15. Sir William Horsey, Governor of the Isle of Wight, 
 Sir William More. An agent of his, Towly, has been 
 hardly used by the Mayor of Guildford, concerning the 
 license her Majesty hath granted Sir W. Horsey for re- 
 tailing of wines. " The poor old man has grown sick with 
 the matter f begs Sir William to comfort him with his 
 friendship.— Isle of Wight, Feb. 6, 1580. 
 
 Sir William Horsey is interred in the church of New- 
 port in the Isle of Wight, where is his monument, bearing 
 his recumbent figure in armour; his crest, the horse's 
 head ; and the following epitaph, hitherto, we believe, un- 
 published : 
 
 Edwardus qui miles erat fortissimus Horsey, 
 Vectis erat Praeses constans terraque marique, 
 Magnanimus placide sub pacis nomine fortis 
 Justitiae cultor quam fidus amicus amico, 
 Fautor Evangelii, dilectus Principe vixit 
 
492 ADDENDA, 
 
 Magnificus populo multum dilectus ab omni, 
 
 Vixit et ut sancte sic stamina sancta peregife. 
 
 Qui obiit 23 die Mercurii, A.D. 1582. 
 
 17. John Watson, Bishop of Winchester, to Sir William 
 More and John Cowper, Esq. Encloses the letters of 
 the Archbishop of Canterbury, in furtherance of a contri- 
 bution for the relief of the decayed city of Geneva. Re- 
 quests them to advance so Christian and charitable a 
 measure within the county of Surrey, particularly in the 
 Deanery of Stoke, in which they reside. — March 25, 1583. 
 
 18. A note of such recusants in Surrey as are of ability, 
 are willing to pay sundry sums of money yearly into her 
 Majesty's receipt. — March 9, 1585. 
 
 19. The Council to the Justices of Surrey. Seditious 
 traitorous books and libels are covertly circulated through/ 
 the realm. Among the rest one most infamous, containing 
 slanderous and hateful matter against the very good Lord 
 the Earl of Leicester, of which most wicked and malicious 
 imputations her Majesty in her own clear knowledge doth 
 declare and testify his innocency, and to that effect hath 
 written her gracious letters to the Lord Mayor, Sheriffs, 
 and Aldermen of London. If the enormities imputed to 
 him were true, she knew how to call any subject to a 
 sharp account for them, according to the force and effect 
 of her laws. They are strictly to enforce the proclama- 
 tions published already throughout the realm for suppress- 
 ing such libels, and punishing the authors, spreaders 
 abroad, and retailers of the same. — Court at Greenwich, 
 June 20, 1585. 
 
 20. Sir John Wolley to Sir William More. Her Majesty 
 hath commanded him to make ready to go to Scotland 
 
ADDENDA. 493 
 
 with speed for the satisfaction of the King, touching his 
 mother's case. He intended to have moved her for his 
 brother More (Sir George More, his brother-in-law) to go 
 with him ; she prevented him before he spake, by telling 
 him it were good he should take him, &c. — Court, June 
 27, 1586. 
 
 21. " A true copie of the Proclamation lately published 
 by the Queenes Majestie, under the great Seale of England, 
 for the declaring of the sentence lately given against the 
 Queene of Scotts," &c. — Richmond, Dec. 3, 19Eliz. 1586*. 
 Imprinted at London, by Christopher Barker, printer to 
 the Queene's most excellent Majestic 
 
 22. The Council to Sir William More and others. Com- 
 plaint has been made by the inhabitants of Guildford, 
 Godalming, and Wonersh, of an Italian having erected a 
 glass house in those parts, whereby the woods are likely 
 to be consumed to the prejudice of the whole country. 
 They are to take bond of the Italian, to appear before the 
 Council, and in the mean time to stay the working of the 
 glass house. — Richmond, Nov. 26, 1586. 
 
 23. Sir George More and Sir Edmond Bowyer to the 
 King^s most excellent Majesty. They have repaired to the 
 glass house lately erected at Lambeth, by virtue of his let- 
 ters patent to Sir Edward Zouch and Mr. Louis Thelwall. 
 By judgment of divers glaziers of the city of London, &c. 
 perceived the glass for the metal to be clear and good, but 
 in some places uneven, and full of spots, by reason by 
 negligence of the workmen. 
 
 The glaziers affirm to have sundry times bought glass 
 as good and as cheap there as any other of the same size. 
 The fuel used is Scotch coal, and not fuel made of wood. 
 
494 ADDENDA. 
 
 Unlawful practices have been used to overthrow the work, 
 against which it were good some speedy course were 
 taken, that the same may better proceed. July 18, 1613. 
 The above we suppose was a manufactory of plate glass ; 
 that of other kinds of glass, seems to have been known in 
 this country at an earlier period. Stow records in the 
 year 1575, the burning of a glass house for the manufac- 
 ture of drinking glasses, which had been established in 
 the hall of the Crutched Friars, London. — Survey of 
 London, p. 293. 
 
 24. A note of the hues and cries raised for robberies with- 
 in the half hundred of Brixton, presented by the inhabit- 
 ants. It appears by this document, that the losses sustained 
 by individuals by way of robbery, or represented to be sus- 
 tained, were levied on the hundred, which opened a door 
 for gross imposition. For instance ; one deposed that he 
 was robbed of 100Z. by a horseman in Smyth den (Smithan) 
 bottom. The felon was presently taken within three miles 
 of the spot, and the amount of his booty was found to have 
 been only 6s. 7d. ! Circ. 1587. 
 
 25. John (Whitgift) Archbishop of Canterbury, to Sir 
 William More and others. Hears that it is their intention 
 to bind a certain minister, Mr. Pope, to his good behaviour. 
 Hopes there is no cause for so hard a course against him ; 
 otherwise, considering his calling and years, he would 
 be far from speaking for him. — Lambeth, July 10, 1587. 
 
 26. The Council to Sir William More, Sir Henry Weston, 
 and the other Justices of Surrey. A proportion of timber 
 has been cut down at " Moram and Winchiielde, in the 
 county of Hampton," to be employed for the use of her 
 Majesty's Navy and building of ships. This cannot from 
 
ADDENDA. 495 
 
 its great quantity be conveyed without the aid of the 
 county. Carts, horses, and teams are to be taken up in her 
 Majesty's name for the conveyance of 50 loads to Reading, 
 at an allowance as of late accustomed of 5d. the mile. — 
 Court at Greenwich, June 7, 1588. 
 
 27- Jurisdiction of the Provost Marshal (a fragment). 
 Notice was to be given by the keepers of all houses, &c. 
 of all vagrant persons, masterless men, soldiers, or mari- 
 ners, to the constable \ who was to apprehend and bring 
 them before the Provost Marshal or the next magistrate. 
 
 28. Sir George More having been appointed Provost 
 Marshall for Surrey, having executed the office for three 
 months, is desirous to be discharged thereof, on occasion 
 of other pressing business. His place of residence being 
 unfit for the execution of the duty, he and the Justices 
 are to chuse a person resident within 12 miles of London, 
 it lying chiefly on the highways near Southwark, Lam- 
 beth, Croydon, and Kingston. — Deptford, March 1589. 
 
 29. Lord Lumley to Mr. More. Requests him to send 
 by bearer the picture of the French Queen, M that he may 
 take the like ont," and he will return it with speed. — 
 Sept. 5, 1589. This seems to place his lordship in the 
 catalogue of Noble Painters. 
 
 30. Lord Hunsdon to Sir William More. The leases of 
 certain houses he has of him in the Blackfriars are about 
 to expire. Requests a renewal. The tenants of the adjoin- 
 ing houses having the use of the leads of the roof, suffer 
 the boys to get on them, and cut them with knives, and 
 bore through them with bodkins, and the rain coming 
 through, to his great annoyance, requests to have the use of 
 the said leads, and he will repair them at his own cost. — 
 
496 ADDENDA. 
 
 Somerset House, April 14, 1590. Sir William More in 
 another letter excuses himself from compliance. 
 
 31. The Lord Keeper Sir John Puckering, C. S. (Custos 
 Sigilli.) Thanks Sir William More for a present of red deer, 
 —Sept. 5, 1592. 
 
 32. Lord Hunsdon to Sir William More. W T ishes to take 
 a house of him in the Blackfriars. Hears he has already 
 parted with a portion of his own house, to some that 
 mean to make a playhouse of it. — Somerset House, Jan. 9, 
 1595. 
 
 33. Sir Thomas Cecill (from Wimbledon) to Sir William 
 More. Hearing he has made divers great pools, begs 
 him to procure one skilful therein, as certain banks he 
 has made that year about a great pool, have given way 
 through unskilfulness of the workman. — Nov. 25, 1595. 
 There is a large artificial lake at this day in Wimbledon 
 Park. 
 
 34. A paper entitled " The Inconveniencies which come 
 by sowing and making Woad in England," which sets forth 
 forth that it wholly impoverishes the land where it has 
 been grown ; raises the price of wages : it injures her Ma- 
 jesty's Customs, by checking the importation of woad and 
 exportation of cloth, which was taken in exchange for it. 
 
 35. The Earl of Northumberland (from Petworth) to Sir 
 George More. Hearing he is about to dispark a park, 
 begs a few does. 
 
 36. The same to the same. Thanks him for first handsel- 
 ling by the above gift his old prison newly repaired ; 
 alluding to some improvements of Petworth Park. 
 
ADDENDA. 
 
 497 
 
 36. The same to the same. Has sent him the first fruits 
 of his own goods,— a fawn ; parted between him and the 
 Earl's pregnant lady. In ancient records he finds that 
 his grandfather presented the Kings of England with the 
 like out of that ground. 
 
 37. Thanks to Sir George. Means to observe the day at 
 home, at Petworth. The ways are so bad that he will 
 not invite him ; but assures him he has not a friend in 
 England who wishes him better. — Petworth, March 29 
 (no year). 
 
 38. The Earl of Nottingham to Sir George More. Con- 
 cerning a disorderly fellow, who is tolerated because he 
 pretends to be the Earl's servant, and wears his cloth. 
 Begs Sir George to call him before him, and take it from 
 him.— Court at Windsor, Aug. 13, 1601. 
 
 39. Robert Cecil, Earl of Salisbury, to Sir George More, 
 one of the Chamberlains in his Majesty^ s Remembrancers 
 office, Richard Sutton, Francis Cotton, Auditors of the 
 Imprests, &c. They are to enquire of the rates and prices 
 used in the Office of Works, so much of late years in- 
 creased : a matter fit to be considered, " when his High- 
 ness, upon good and necessary occasions, is enforced to 
 enlarge sundry of his houses." — Whitehall, Oct. 30, 1608. 
 
 40. Thomas Panton to Sir George More, from Utrecht. 
 Vortius, the arch-heretic, continueth still at Ley den. He 
 is forbidden to read or teach on pain of death. On the 
 25th of the month there will be a General Assembly of 
 the States, who will finally settle that business. — April 3, 
 1612. The Archbishop of Canterbury (Bancroft), Am- 
 bassador at the Hague, treated Vortius as an arch-here ticj, 
 pestilent fellow, and monster, and considered that his 
 book De Deo, as well as himself, deserved to be burned. 
 
 2 K 
 
498 ADDENDA. 
 
 James the First had his books burned at London, Oxford,, 
 and Cambridge, and pressed the States to banish him. 
 
 4,1. A document relating to a remarkable claim by the 
 Lieutenant of the Tower, to exercise the old Saxon custom 
 of Withernam or reprisal, of which the following is an 
 abstract : 
 
 July 13, 1613, at Whitehall, Tuesday morning. Present 
 the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Lord Chancellor, 
 the Lord Privy Seal, the Lord Chamberlain, the Earl 
 of Shrewsbury, the Lords Zouch, Knollis, Wotton, 
 Stanhope, Sir Julius Caesar, and Sir Thomas Paris. 
 The Lord Mayor and Aldermen of London gave in- 
 formation that six days before Palmer, D.D. Mi- 
 nister of the Tower, was arrested in London by one of 
 the Sheriff's Officers, and Sir Gervase Helwisse [Elwes], 
 Knight, Lieutenant of the Tower, did take and imprison, 
 by way of Withernam, the bodies of divers citizens of 
 good account, as they passed over Tower Hill, resolving to 
 detain them (not accepting bail) until the said Dr. Palmer 
 was set free. The Lieutenant of the Tower pleaded in 
 answer, the information which he had received from the 
 Warden and Officers of the Tower of the similar use and 
 practice of former Lieutenants. On the other hand, the 
 Aldermen shew that an instance of a similar claim had oc- 
 curred at the time of the late Queen, which was referred to 
 Sir Christopher Wray, Chief Justice of the King's Bench, 
 Sir Gilbert Gerrard, Master of the Rolls, and Sir Edmund 
 Anderson, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, who made 
 a certificate of their opinion in these words : "They think 
 persons daily attendant at the Tower, serving her Majesty, 
 privileged from arrest on any plaint in London, but not 
 for writs of execution or capias utlegatum. Any protec- 
 tion by the Lieutenant against persons condemned in any 
 
ADDENDA. 499 
 
 Court is against her Majesty's laws and dignity. They 
 think the plea of taking a citizen of London by way of 
 reprisal, against her Majesty's law and dignity." 
 
 The Council Board made an Order confirming the 
 above, at Nonesuch, Oct. 3, 1575. The Council, there- 
 fore, in this case confirmed the resolution, admonishing 
 the officers of the city, at the same time, in maintaining 
 their own privileges, to observe all necessary moderation 
 and respect towards his Majesty's Royal Castle. 
 
 2 k 2 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Acat, the term, its origin, 11, 
 note. 
 
 Albury, Roman tomb at, Tn- 
 troduc. vii. note. 
 
 Almayne ryvet, what, 136, note. 
 
 Alost described, 456. 
 
 Anagram, a thief disguises his 
 name by one, 463. 
 
 Antwerp, described, 456. 
 
 Argus, masque of, 92. 
 
 Armada, the Spanish, account 
 of, 281, et seq. 
 
 Armour, manufacture of, intro- 
 duced into England by Hen- 
 ry the Eighth, 136. 
 
 Avenour, what, 99, note. 
 
 Avery, what, ibid. 
 
 Ayre, described, 461. 
 
 Badgers of Corn, what, 489. 
 
 Bagpipes for a Masque, 89. 
 
 Baldekin, what, 45. 
 
 Banqueting houses of boughs 
 for the Court, 94, 102. 
 
 Bards and bases for horses at 
 tiltings, 65, 66. 
 
 Benevolences, or Privy Seals, 
 215. 
 
 Bermondsev Church, ornaments 
 of, in the Romish times, 165. 
 
 Bethune, described, 460. 
 
 Bible of the largest volume 
 placed in every church, 168, 
 note. 
 
 Black Friars, London, the 
 church of, granted to Sir 
 Thomas Ca warden, 16. its 
 appendages, and large di- 
 mensions, 175. 
 
 Bletehingley, curious old paro- 
 chial account of, 162. 
 
 2 K 
 
 Boleyn, Ann, her family arms, 
 151. 
 
 Bows and Arrows, legacy of, 
 178. 
 
 Bridges (Bruges), described, 
 455. 
 
 Brook, Mr. Christopher, con- 
 fined within the Marshalsea 
 for being concerned in 
 Donne's marriage; his letter 
 to the Lord Keeper Egerton, 
 306. 
 
 Bruxells (Brussels), described, 
 456. 
 
 Buckingham, Duke of, sells 
 Titles of Peerage, 4S4. 
 
 Bumbast, what, 7 1 note. 
 
 Burleigh, Lord, his attention 
 to the most minute matters, 
 304. 
 
 Buttry, its etymology, 11, note. 
 
 Calais, described, 453. 
 
 Capel, in Surrey, the Minister 
 of applies to the Magistrates 
 and his parishioners for leave 
 to marry, 253. 
 
 Cats' tails used in a masque, 87. 
 
 Cawarden, Sir Thomas, biogra- 
 phical account of, 15. sus- 
 pected of being concerned in 
 Wyatt's rebellion, 133. his 
 armour seized 134. he is 
 summoned before the Privy 
 Council 139. petitions for 
 redress of his grievances 140. 
 his will, 175. his household 
 expenses, charges of his fu- 
 neral, and his wife's, 179 et 
 seq. his epitaph, in brass, 
 singularly preserved, 18. 
 
 3 
 
502 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Chaworth, Sir George, sent to 
 condole with the Infanta 
 Isabella on the death of her 
 husband the Archduke Al- 
 bert,^ 18. diary of his jour- 
 ney preserved at Loseley,419. 
 
 Chertsey, the Vicar of, put in 
 the stocks, 257. 
 
 Christmas tree described, 75. 
 
 Cleves, the Lady Ann of; cere- 
 mony of meeting and con- 
 ducting her to the Court, 7. 
 acquittance given by, for 
 rents at Bletchingley, 9. par- 
 ticulars of her household 
 expenses, 1 1. 
 
 Cloth, painted, hung before the 
 Rood in Lent, 168. 
 
 Cookery, experiments in, 14, 
 
 Copley, Thomas, Esq. of Gat- 
 ton, borrows a masque of 
 the Master of the Revels for 
 his wedding night, 59. 
 
 Council, Privy, of Edward VI. 
 list of, 25. 
 
 Courtray, described, 459. 
 
 Cupid, triumph of, on Twelfth 
 Night, 59. 
 
 Dartford, dissolved nunnery ; 
 the Lady Ann of Cleves had 
 a residence there, 13. 
 
 Dentist, Robert Bishop of Win- 
 chester, applies for one, 489. 
 
 Diana, masque of, with her 
 nymphs, 92. 
 
 Donington Castle, and its De- 
 pendencies, Sir Thomas Ca- 
 warden Keeper of, 172. 
 
 Donne, Dr. biographical no- 
 tice of, and his clandestine 
 marriage with Ann More of 
 Loseley321. seals used by, 
 327. his autograph, ibid. 
 Letters to Sir George More 
 and the Lord Keeper Eger- 
 ton, when confined in the 
 Fleet prison, 335, et seq. 
 
 Dover, details of travelling ex- 
 penses at, 463. 
 
 Dragon with seven heads, cost 
 of making, 81. 
 
 Drakes' necks used to trim the 
 Lord of Misrule's gown, 85. 
 
 Drum and fife used in a masque 
 83. 
 
 Dunkirk, described, 454. 
 
 Eglisham, Dr. George, his 
 pamphlet against the Duke 
 of Buckingham, 4S3. 
 
 Egyptians, their attire for a 
 mask, 77» 
 
 Elector Palatine, loan to, 223. 
 
 Elizabeth, jQueen, her marriage 
 with a French Prince in agi- 
 tation, 313. 
 
 Ellesmere, Lord Chancellor, 
 letter written during his last 
 illness, 416. 
 
 Epsom, the Vicar of, his excul- 
 patory letter to Sir William 
 More, 255. 
 
 Erasmus, Paraphrase of, on the 
 Gospels, placed in every 
 church, 168, and note ibid. 
 
 Ewell, the parishioners, repre- 
 sent the state of their poor 
 Vicarage, 101. 
 
 Ferrers, George, biographical 
 notice of, SO. he is appoint- 
 ed Lord of Misrule, ib. 
 
 Fool's Coat ordered by the 
 Privy Council, 35. 
 
 Gatton, a nomination borough 
 in the time of Queen Eliza- 
 beth, 242. the nomination 
 of the Members is part of Mrs. 
 Copley's jointure ! ibid. note. 
 
 Gaunt (Ghent), described, 455. 
 
 Glass manufactories establish- 
 ed, 493. 
 
 Gravelin, described, 453. 
 
 Greek Worthies, a mask of, 87. 
 
 Grey, Lady Jane, original do- 
 cuments of, 121, et seq. 
 
 Grocers' Company, the Marquis 
 of Winchester gives them his 
 fee buck out of Nonsuch 
 Park, 160. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 503 
 
 Hackbutters, painted jerkins 
 for, 38. 
 
 Halls appointed for the King's 
 stud, 98. 
 
 Hamilton, Marquis of, sup- 
 posed effects of poison on his 
 corpse, 483. 
 
 Hampton Court, Cardinal Wol- 
 sey's building there,124,note. 
 
 Handkerchiefs of Moorish 
 work, 78. 
 
 Hawking in esteem in the reign 
 of Elizabeth, 312. 
 
 Herald Cceur Ardent, his at- 
 tire, 43. 
 
 Herbert, Lord, of Cherbury, 
 biograhical notice of, 347 
 et seq. Why he calls Sir 
 George More 'his father, 353. 
 original letters of, 354 et seq. 
 
 Hermits, attire for, 81, et seq. 
 
 Holbein, a book illuminated 
 by, 92. 
 
 Horsey, Sir William, Governor 
 of the Isle of Wight, his 
 tomb, &c. 491. 
 
 Idleness and Dalliance personi- 
 fied in a masque, 43. 
 
 Interlude, the plot of an, 64. 
 
 Incarnation lawn, what, 79. 
 
 Ireland, attire for a play of, 8S. 
 
 Iron-mills, consumption of 
 wood by, 488. 
 
 Ironstone used for tesserae by 
 the Romans, Introd. vii. 
 
 James I. King, proclaimed in 
 Surrey, 362. his passion for 
 hunting, 364. 
 
 Jewel given to Chaworth by 
 the Infanta, 449. 
 
 Kempe, Sir Nicholas, notice of, 
 159. 
 
 La Bassee, described, 460. 
 
 Latten Bilbo, what, 86. 
 
 Leaden pipes for water, 499. 
 
 Leicester, the Earl of, his let- 
 ter to Queen Elizabeth, when 
 in command of the Camp at 
 
 Tilbury, 286. Is reconciled 
 to the Earl of Sussex, 488. 
 Lisle, described, 460. 
 Livery of the Earl of Notting- 
 ham improperly worn, 497. 
 Livesay, Robert, Esq. of Toot- 
 ing, impoverished by Privy 
 Seals and sentence in the 
 Court of Star Chamber, 220. 
 Loseley, derivation of the name, 
 
 Introd. vi. 
 Lotteries in the reign of Eliza- 
 , beth, account of, 185. chart 
 or scheme of that for 1567, 
 188. proclamation of Queen 
 Elizabeth relating to, 196. 
 of the Mayor, London, for 
 the same, 198. mode of 
 moving the people to adven- 
 ture in, 205. list of prizes 
 drawn in, with the posies of 
 the adventurers, 207, et seq. 
 Lumley, Lord, invites Sir Wil- 
 liam More to hunt at Non- 
 such, 161. 
 Mars and Venus, pageant of, 92. 
 Martyrs for the Protestant faith 
 
 in Surrey and Sussex 225. 
 Masques, their rude beginnings 
 
 23. 
 Masking Garments to be made 
 for King Edward VI. and 
 others of his retinue, 27. 
 Mathew Toby writes to Sir 
 
 William More 262. 
 Mayor and Aldermen of Lon« 
 don, warrants for two bucks 
 for the, from Nonsuch park, 
 158. 
 May or Summer Pole plucked 
 
 down by the Puritans, 371. 
 Medical practice governed by 
 
 judicial astrology, 263. 
 Medyoxes, origin of the term 
 
 explained, 88. 
 Mening, described, 460. 
 Misrule, Lord of, his curious 
 letter concerning Christmas 
 
504 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 sports at the Court, 3. cos- 
 tume of his retinue, details 
 and charge thereof, 44 et seq. 
 
 Missals, Romish, sold, 170. 
 
 Modena, Nicholas, a painter to 
 the Revels, 73. 
 
 Molyneux, Sir Thomas, suc- 
 ceeds to the Loseley estate, 
 Introd. xix. 
 
 Mores, succession of the Lords 
 of Loseley, Introd. vi. et seq. 
 
 Morris Dancers 89. 
 
 Mount, the, an apparatus for 
 a pageant, 74. 
 
 Newport (Nieuport), described, 
 454. 
 
 Noailles, Signeur de, the French 
 Ambassador, notice of his 
 warrant for two deer to be 
 taken out of the Park of 
 Nonesuch ; also for himself 
 and lady to visit the house, 
 gardens, &e. there, 156, 157. 
 
 Nonesuch, palace of, described, 
 144. documents relating to, 
 14S. 
 
 Orders by the Duke of Medina 
 Sidoniaforthe Spanish Fleet, 
 290, note. 
 
 Ordinances of War, Hen. VIII. 
 105. 
 
 Ordnance, iron, cast in Surrey 
 and Sussex, 490. 
 
 Ostend, described, 455. 
 
 Oven for the players, 79. 
 
 Overbury's murder, notice °f> 
 379. autograph letter f 
 King James relative to, 401, 
 et seq. 
 
 Pageants, properties for, deli- 
 vered to the City of London, 
 
 67. 
 Parcel-gilt plate, what, 166. 
 Partletts, women's ruffs, 71>77. 
 Paschal Post, 162, 164. 
 Pax and Pix distinguished 168. 
 Pecuniary compensation made 
 
 by visitors, 258, 260. 
 
 Peruques of hair, mention of, 
 in an old account of the re- 
 vels, 77. 
 
 Philtres, or love-potions, belief 
 in the efficacy of, 382. 
 
 Plague, notice of the, 2/7. 
 precautions against its be- 
 ing communicated to the 
 Court, 279. 
 
 Players, the King's, documents 
 relating to, 57, 58, 62. 
 
 Polanders, masque of, 92. 
 
 Pole, Cardinal, warrant of Phi- 
 lip and Mary to allow him 
 to hunt a deer at Nonesuch, 
 54. 
 
 Portraits at Loseley, Introd. v. 
 
 Posies read in the Lottery of 
 1568, 207 et seq. 
 
 Post, or Express, a blast of his 
 horn a matter of enviable 
 distinction, 100. 
 
 Pots, for drinking, used by the 
 gentlemen of the Temple, 
 211. 
 
 Prince of Wales, Henry, regu- 
 lations of his household, 366. 
 his attachment to the church 
 of England, ibid. 
 
 Privy Seal, levying a benevo- 
 lence of 20/. 217. 
 
 Proclamation of King James 
 on the murder of Darnley, 
 extant at Loseley, 489. Also 
 of Elizabeth on the death of 
 the Queen of Scots, 493. 
 
 Provost Marshal, jurisdiction 
 of, 495. 
 
 Punning allusions, Introd. x. 
 
 Purveyance for the Royal house- 
 hold, 272. 
 
 Quittance, or Receipt, form of 
 an ancient, 9. 
 
 Ralegh, Sir Walter, accused of 
 conspiring to depose Jas. I. 
 372, 376. permitted to go 
 out of the Tower to prepare 
 for his voyage, 377- war ~ 
 
INDEX. 
 
 505 
 
 rant to the Lieutenant of, for 
 his enlargement, 378. 
 
 Red Deer in Loseley Park, In- 
 trod. viii. 496. 
 
 Reformation, policy of Queen 
 Elizabeth to maintain the 
 principles of, 224. 
 
 Requesens, Don Louis de, Go- 
 vernor of the Spanish Ne- 
 therlands, 24 J. 
 
 Revels, statutes of the, 93. 
 
 Robberies, losses by, levied on 
 the county, 494. 
 
 Rood loft, 163, 164. 
 
 Rosemary, the herb of souve- 
 nance, 5, note. 
 
 Royal Visits, documents relat- 
 ing to, 265 et seq. 
 
 Rubens, the master painter of 
 the world, 457. 
 
 Seminary Priests, their artifices, 
 247. 
 
 Shot or musqueteers, how to 
 train economically, 296. 
 
 Shrewsbury cakes, 355. 
 
 Signature of Ann of Cleves, re- 
 markable, 7- 
 
 Small Pox, infection of, pre- 
 cautions to keep from the 
 Court, 315. 
 
 Somers, Will, the King's jester, 
 attire for, 84. notice of, 
 ibid. note. 
 
 Somerset, the Earl and Coun- 
 tess of, documents relating 
 to their confinement in the 
 Tower for the murder of Sir 
 Thomas Overbury, 395 et 
 seq. inventory of the Earl's 
 effects, 406. 
 
 Souls, heretical opinion that 
 women have none, 489. 
 
 Southampton, Henry second 
 Earl of, confined at Loseley, 
 as a Popish Recusant, 229. 
 
 Swans, Office of, for Surrey, 
 
 documents relating to, 305. 
 
 Upping of, a popular diver- 
 
 2 
 
 sion, 309. ancient roll of 
 marks for the beaks of, ex- 
 tant at Loseley, 305. 
 
 Tapers of wax, their different 
 denominations, 13, note. 
 
 Tenterden Steeple is said to 
 have decayed the haven of 
 Sandwich, 211, and note. 
 
 Tester and cieler of a bed, 
 what, 151, note. 
 
 Throckmorton, Sir Nicholas, 
 adopted the surname of Ca- 
 rew of Beddington, 359. ori- 
 ginal letters of, to Sir George 
 More, 360 et seq. 
 
 Tilting between two knights 
 beautifully described by Sir 
 Philip Sydney, 177. 
 
 Timber felled in Hampshire for 
 the Royal Navy, 494. 
 
 Tithes unjustly alienated to 
 laymen, 250. 
 
 Toto, Serjeant Painter, pay- 
 ment to, 81. 
 
 Trumpet, the lottery drawn by 
 sound of, 213. 
 
 Turner, Mrs. introduces the 
 Countess of Essex to a wi- 
 zard, 382. 
 
 Venetian Ambassador borrows 
 masking attire of the Office 
 of the Revels, 57. 
 
 Venus, masque of, with ladies, 
 43. 
 
 Vortius, an arch-heretic, 497. 
 
 Votes applied for in favour of 
 Sir Charles Howard, as 
 Knight of the Shire, 4S8. 
 
 Udall, Nicholas, appointed by 
 Queen Mary to set forth dia- 
 logues and interludes for her 
 disport, 63. 
 
 Uniformity of Common Prayer, 
 Act for the, not subscribed 
 by Copley of Gatton, 243. 
 
 Wapping Marsh, embankment 
 of, repaired, 490. 
 
 Westmunster, described, 458* 
 k7 
 
506 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Wherry hired to carry a masque 
 to the palace at Greenwich, 
 80. 
 
 Whistle, an appendage in an- 
 cient times of naval officers 
 of rank, % note. 
 
 Whitgift, Archbishop, writes to 
 Sir W. More in favour of a 
 clergyman, 494. 
 
 Wild men, or satyrs, torch- 
 bearers in a masque, 73. 
 
 Wimbledon Park, pool made 
 in, 496. 
 
 Withernam, remarkable plea of, 
 exercised by the Lieutenant 
 of the Tower, 498. 
 
 Woad, the cultivation of, ob- 
 jections to, 496. 
 
 Wolley, Sir John, letters of, 
 313, et seq. Of his wife, 
 316, et seq. 
 
 Works, prices in the office of, 
 to be scrutinized, 497. 
 
 Wyatt, Sir Thomas, notice of, 
 and of his insurrection, 126. 
 
 ERRATA. 
 
 Introd. p. xiv. line 5, for " eastern wing," read, " western wing." 
 
 P. 15, line 1, note, for " sheds of timber- work," read, " sheds of tim- 
 ber-work or canvas." 
 
 P. 214, line 24, for " per London," read " per William Wood, London." 
 
 P. 271, line 10, for "J. Hunsdon," read, " G. Hunsdon." 
 
 P. 308, line 27, for " xl s ," read, "xV 
 
 P. 327, line 25, beginning " One of the seals here represented," should 
 be a foot note. 
 
 P. 337, line ult. dele the parenthesis ( 
 
 P. 338, line 1, dele the note of interrogation ? 
 
 P. 347, line 2, after the word "my," read, "Lord Carlils." 
 
 P. 349, line IS, for "interrout," read, "interrupt." 
 
 P. 393, lines 10 and 13, for " Loreton," read, "Loveton." 
 
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