COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION A DIGEST OF THE Laws Controlling School Attendance AND Employment of Minors Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 1928 COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION A DIGEST OF THE Laws Controlling School Attendance AND Employment of Minors Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 1928 Commonwealth of Pennsylvania DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION Harrisburg .1 Superintendent of Public Instruction (\ * fv ^ John A. H. Keith h ^ Ar V^ O, Division I Division II Normal Schools, Secondary Schools, Special and Extension Edu- cation, Certification of Teachers, Institutes and Depart- mental Library James N. Rule, Deputy Superintendent Legal Relations and Services to School Districts William M. Denison, Deputy Superintendent Division III Vocational Education Under Federal (Smith-Hughes) and Pennsylvania Laws Lindley H. Dennis, Deputy Superintendent Division IV School Visitation, Conference and Advice Division V Robert C. Shaw, Deputy Superintendent Service to Professional Examining Boards and Higher Educa- tion Charles D. Koch, Deputy Superintendent Division VI State Library and Museum Frederic A, Godcharles, Director STATE COUNCIL OF EDUCATION John A. H. Keith, President and Chief Executive Officer Mrs. Edward W. Biddle Carlisle John J. Coyle Philadelphia Francis R. Cope, Jr Dimock Charles E. Dickey Pittsburgh Samuel S. Fleisher Philadelphia Weir C. Ketler Grove City Mrs. Alice F. Kiernan Overbrook F. A. Loveland Corry William R. Straughn Mansfield James N. Rule Secretary PENNSYLVANIA SCHOq%^^^^^^*t|^^|^p]MlNT BOARD H. H. Baish j '!V..l:?. 1 NOV 17 1 , Secretary 1 PREFACE This bulletin has been prepared to assist school officials in the interjiretation of the School Attendance and Child Labor Laws. Every superintendent, principal, teacher, director, secretary of board of directoi's, and other school official charged with responsibility in carrying out the requirements of these laws should be thoroughly familiar with the provisions of such laws and in full sympath}' with their general purpose. This bulletin should be kept for future reference. Revised by the Child Helping and Accounting Bureau Department of Public Instruction 1928 (3) TABLE OF CONTENTS Part I LAWS CONTROLLING SCHOOL ATTENDANCE Page School Attendance , 5 State Kegulatious Controlling Enrollment of Children, 5 Duties of Parents or Guardians, Teachers, Directors and Attendance Officers, 6 County and District Superintendents 14 Penalties , 14 Duties of Managers of Motion Picture Theatres , 15 Procedure for Enforcing the Compulsory Attendance Law , 15 Tuition, 15 Transportation , 17 Mental or Physical Unfitness, 17 Sections of the School Law Governing Attendance, 18 Attendance Forms 35 Part II EMPLOYMENT OF MINORS Employment Certificates , 41 Prohibited Occupations , 41 Street Trades , 45 Directions for the Issuance of Employment Certificates, 46 When to Use the Various Forms and Certificates, 47 General Employment Certificates , 48 What the Minor Must Do to Secure an Employment Certificate, .... 48 What the Issuing Officer, Employer, School Pinncipal, Doctor and Parent or Guardian Must Do, 48, 49, 50 Vacation Employment Certificate, 50 Age Certificate , 50 Proof of Age, 51 The Continuation School , 51 Attendance at Continuation School , 53 Hours of Work, 54 Suggested Form Letters , 54 Permit Required for Minor to Work on the Farm or at Domestic Service in Private Home , 56 Sections of the Law Governing the Employment of Minors 59 Specimens of Some Employment Forms 67 (4) PART I SCHOOL ATTENDANCE It has been well said that the education of a child involves two factors, namely: (a) securing his attendance at school; (b) providing the proper educational opportunities for him while in school. It is the duty of the State to insist that every child of the Common- wealth receive at least an elementary school education that he may become an intelligent and law abiding citizen and be intellectually equipped to earn a livelihood for himself and those who may be dependent upon him. If the parent will not insist that the child take advantage of the free educational opportunities offered, it be- comes the duty of the Commonwealth to insist that the parent do his part, as a parent, to secure the education of the child. When the parent treats the child unjustly the Commonwealth steps in and protects the child. The parent who would allow his child to grow to manhood or womanhood without at least a common school education is doing the child a greater wrong than when he physically maltreats him. It is, therefore, that the child may receive his edu- cational birthright and that a democratic government may assure itself of a citizenry sufficiently educated to appreciate and to be able to enter intelligently upon the responsibilities of citizenship, that there are laws in all of the states to require school attendance. That every one responsible for carrying out the provisions of this law may know his own obligations, the requirements of the law have been stated in the following pages under the captions: Duties of Parents, Duties of Teachers, etc., while the law as given in the School Code is reproduced in the latter part of the bulletin. STATE REGULATIONS CONTROLLING THE ENROLL- MENT OF CHILDREN In order to standardize and make uniform the method of recording attendance data in the schools of the Commonwealth it is required that the following regulations be observed: The teacher's register of pupils belonging to her school shall contain the names of all children assigned by the school directors to her school from the enumeration list at the beginning of the term, and such additions as may be made thereto during the term, and no child shall be counted as not belonging to the school unless, upon investigation by the local attendance bureau or the proper school official, it shall be found that the child 1. Is deceased, 2. Has movedfrom the district. 3. Is enrolled in another school. (5) J— 2 6 4. Is legally employed upon a General Employment Certi- ficate, or is legally employed upon an Exemption Per- mit. 5. Is 16 years of age or over and has withdrawn from school. 6. Has been certified b}- the medical inspector as perma- nently incapacitated and not a fit subject for educa- tion and training. 7. Holds a superintendent's certificate showing the comple- tion of the work of the elementary school, resides two miles or more from any high school, and transporta- tion is not provided. John A. H. Keith, Siiperintendent of Public Instruction DUTIES OF PARENTS OR GUARDIANS, TEACHERS, DIRECTORS AND ATTENDANCE OFFICERS DUTIES OF PARENTS EVERY PARENT: 1. Shall send a child between eight and sixteen years of age to a day school in which the common English branches are taught. (Every child between six and twenty-one years of age who is a resi- dent of this Commonwealth is entitled to a free education in the public schools of the Commonwealth. A child is considered a resi- dent of the district in which his parents or the person acting in the place of parents or guardian reside.) 2. Shall require a child to attend school continuously throughout the entire term. 3. Shall furnish a satisfactory written excuse for the absence of a child. (A legal excuse is the parents only protection from arrest. In case of arrest, the burden of proof is upon the parent to show that the absence of the child Avas properly excused by the teacher or the board of school directors.) 4. Shall receive a written notice as soon as the child is absent three days, or the equivalent, without lawful excuse. (Repeated unexcused tardiness when equivalent to three day's absence consti- tutes a violation of the law.) 5. Shall receive three days' notice but once during the term if the parent has been guilty of a violation of the Compulsory At- tendance Act. After such notice is given once the parent shall be subject to immediate arrest if after the child returns to school or after the expiration of the three days following the service of the written notice the child is again absent even for a single session without lawful excuse. 6. Shall have a child vaccinated before the child may enter school. Non-compliance with the Vaccination Law is not a lawful excuse for a child's not attending s"chool. DUTIES OF TEACHERS TEACHERS: 1. Shall co-operate in every possible way with the attendance officer, county or district superintendent and principal. 2. Shall, when school opens, compare the assignment lists with their enrollment lists and report all pnpils of compulsory school age not in attendance, and all pnpils not enumerated but enrolled, to the superintendent, principal, or secretary of the school board. 3. Shall require a written excuse with the reason stated for all tardiness and absence. (The teacher shall be the judge of the lawful- ness of an excuse for femjJorari/ absence on account of mental, physi- cal, or other urgent reasons. The term "urgent reasons," however, shall be strictly construed and shall not permit of irregular attend- ance.) 4. Shall report promptly to attendance officer, superintendent, supervising principal or secretary, the names of all pupils who have been absent three days or their equivalent, without lawful excuse. (This means the aggregate of three days during the term and does not necessarily mean three consecutive days.) They shall also report promptly each subsequent unlawful absence. 5. Shall report to the proper authority the withdrawal from school of any pupil during the term, and, when possible, give the reason for the withdrawal. 6. Shall forward to superintendent, supervising principal, or secretary of the school l)oard of the district where a child will attend, a State transfer card for each pupil who moves from the district. If the proper official and his address cannot be determined, the card shall be sent to the Child Helping and Accounting Bureau, Depart- ment of Public Instruction. Every district should use local transfer cards to account for transfers within the district. 7. Shall count as not belonging only those pupils who are per- manently excused for reasons mentioned on page 5 of this bulletin. (Teachers shall consider pupils as belonging to the school even though they may be absent temporarily on account of sickness.) 8. Shall fill out the monthly attendance report forms required by the Department of Public Instruction and forward them to the superintendent or principal of the school not later than the third day of each calendar month. 9. Shall make, within three days after the close of each school month, to the secretary of the board of school directors, in attend- ance books provided by the Department of Public Instruction, monthly reports of the attendance of each pupil. No teacher shall he paid until the monthly attendance reports have heen forwarded to the principal or superintendent having jurisdiction. 10. Shall keep all attendance data easily available at the school at all times for inspection by the superintendent or state supervisor. 11. Shall excuse absence for one of the following reasons only: sickness of the child, death in the immediate family, quarantine, im- passable roads, weather so inclement as to endanger the health of the child, approved absence during non-compulsory attendance period or approved absence of pupils of non-compulsory attendance age, ex- ceptionally urgent reasons. (The term "urgent reason" shall be strictly construed and shall not permit of irregular attendance. "Other urgent reasons" must be used onl}^ in such unavoidable absences as affect the child directly.) 12. Shall classify all other absences as unexcused under the heads of O' parental neglect, Q), illegal employment, ®, truancy. 8 13. Shall report to the Child Helping and Accounting Bureau, Department of Public Instruction when they cannot secure attendance by action of the local board of school directors. 14. Shall exclude all pupils quarantined for communicable dis- eases. 15. Shall refuse admittance to a child who has not been vaccinated unless permission is given by the health authorities to receive said child for a limited time. DUTIES OF TEACHERS IN OTHER THAN PUBLIC SCHOOLS ALL PRINCIPALS OR TEACHERS: 1. Shall, on the opening of school, furnish to the district superin- tendent, supervising principal or secretary of the school board of their respective districts, a list of names and residences of all pupils under their jurisdiction. 2. Shall report daily all truancy and all unlawful absences to the proper puMic scJiool officer or official who has charge of the enforce- ment of the School Attendance Law. DUTIES OF DIRECTORS THE BOARD OF SCHOOL DIRECTORS : 1. Shall, between April first and September first of each year, have made an accurate enumeration of all children residing in the district between the ages of six and sixteen years. 2. Shall subdivide the district, classify and assign the pupils in such manner that all pupils shall be assigned to, and reasonably ac- commodated in, one of the schools of the district. 3. Shall assign pupils to the school which they should attend. (The board of school directors shall make no distinction because of race or color of pupils.) 4. Shall fill out properly and forward to the County or District Superintendent summary of enumeration (Form E2) on or before the first day of October. (Section 1426 — School Laws of Pennsylvania.) 5. Shall arrange with another district, if possible, and assign pupils to a school in other districts in case no school is maintained in the district within two miles of the home of the pupil and f^ree transportation is not provided to another school. When pupils are so assigned the school board of the home district shall enforce the Compulsory Attendance Law. 6. Shall, under specified conditions, allow pupils whose parents do not reside within the district to attend school without tuition. (See Section 1402). 7. Shall, whenever it closes a school, assign the pupils to other schools, and shall under certain conditions provide transportation. (Sections 1406-1408). 8. Shall, before the opening of school, furnish the teacher with a correct list of the pupils assigned to his or her school. 9. Shall fix the length of the school term, which cannot be less than' one hundred sixty days of actual teaching in elementary schools 9 in fourth class districts nor less than one hundred eighty days of actual teaching in elementary schools in first, second, and third class districts, and in high schools of all classes. Institutes, holidays or other days, or parts of days, when pupils are dismissed without having done the regular work of a session, or school day, or the equivalent, cannot be considered a session or day taught. Shall count no ses- sion as a full session taught unless the school has actually been in session the required number of hours.) 10. Shall, in districts of the fourth class, hefore the opening of the school term, fix the date for the period of compulsoi'y attend- ance to begin, provided, the period of compulsory attendance, which cannot be less than seventy per cent, of the school term, is to be reduced for children fourteen years of age or over. 11. Shall require regular school sessions from 9 :00 A. M. to 12 M. and from 1:00 P. M. to 4:00 P. M., unless it shall seem otherwise advisable. (A reasonable period for recess may be allowed during both sessions. The single session school day does not meet the ap- proval of the Department of Public Instruction.) 12. Shall decide on what holidays, other than Christmas and July 4th, the schools shall be closed. 13. Shall require the attendance of all pupils between eight and sixteen years of age who live within two miles of a school and of all pupils between the ages of eight and sixteen years for whom trans- portation is furnished. 14. Shall admit, during the first two weeks of the annual school term, those pupils who are six years of age, or who will become six years of age after the beginning of the school term and before the first day of January of any year. 15. Shall admit, during the first two weeks of January of every year, those pupils who are six years of age or who will become six years of age after January first and before the close of the school term. (The board of school directors may fix other periods for the admission of beginners. Section 1403) 16. Shall, if they deem it advisable, excuse a child for a con- tmuous period from attending school. This must be done, however, upon satisfactory evidence being furnished to the board of school directors showing that the child is prevented from attending school, or from application to study, on account of his mental or physical condition or for other urgent reasons. (A school board shall not consider employment of children as an ''urgent reason" ; ''urgent reason" refers to the welfare of the child and not to the convenience of the parent or guardian.) 17. Shall, as provided for in the law, issue through their author- ized officials employment certificates for minors engaged in specified industries and permits for farm and domestic service. 18. Shall not require a minor for whom a general employment certificate has been legally issued to attend a regular day schook while employed. (Such minors shall attend a continuation school if a continuation school is accessible. 19. Shall not require a minor for whom an exemption permit (Form P-FDS-EX) for employment on a farm or in domestic service in a private home has been legally issued, to attend a regular day school during the period specified in the permit. 10 20. Shall require a minor for whom a general employment eer- tilicate or an exemption permit has been issued to attend a continua- tion school eight hours per week. If the minor refuses to attend, the certificate or permit shall be revoked and the minor returned to day school. 21. Shall be the sole judge of the reasonableness of an excuse for continued periods of absence of a pupil. 22. Shall, in every first, second and third class district, employ one or more attendance officers. In fourth class districts they should employ one. The supervising principal and the secretary of the board of school directors of the district, in the order named, shall enforce the Compulsory Attendance Law in districts of the fourth class, if an attendance officer is not employed. 23. Shall, when they deem it advisable, join with another district in the employment of an attendance officer to investigate cases of delinquency and to enforce the Compulsory Attendance Law. 24. Shall act for the school district as prosecutor of individuals who violate the Compulsory Attendance Law. 25. Shall pay out of the funds of the school district the cost of legal proceedings if the cost of such proceedings cannot be collected from the offender, or if the proceedings are discontinued. 26. Shall suspend for a definite period, or reinstate, any child suspended by a principal or teacher. (The hoard of school directors shall not expel any pupU of compulsory age from school unless it makes provision for his education, or disposition, as provided hy law.) 27. Shall, through the secretary, superintendent, supervising principal, or attendance officer, report the lack of food or clothing for any pupil of the district, to one of the following agencies: 1. Any local relief agency. 2. Overseers of the poor. 3. County commissioners. 1. Mothers' Assistance Fund. 28. Shall exclude from the regular public schools any pupil, teacher, or employe, affiicted with tuberculosis of the lungs. 29. Shall, when it deems advisable, establish and maintain special schools for pupils having tuberculosis of the lungs. 30. Shall report to the medical inspector of the district the names and addresses of all children w^ho, because of apparent exceptional physical or mental condition, are not being properly educated. (Sec- tion 1413.) 31. Shall, under specified conditions, make provision, for the education of the deaf, blind or crippled children of the district. ^Sections 1413, 1414, 1439 and 1440.) 32. Shall exclude from school all pupils who have not been vac- cinated. 33. Shall submit such reports of attendance to the Superintendent of Public Instruction as may be required by him. 34. Shall comj)ly with as ivell as enforce the provisions of the Attendance Laws. 11 QUALIFICATIONS OF ATTENDANCE OFFICERS The selection of the attendance officer is one of the most important duties the board of school directors has to perform. An attend- ance officer should be a person who has maturity and judgment and the power to analyze a situation carefully so that at no time will he commit an injustice; and yet, the attendance officer must have strength of character to enforce the x>i'ovisions of the law so that every child shall receive, as a minimum, a common school education. The attendance officer should have an education equivalent, at least, to the work of the first eight grades of the public schools. College graduates are attendance officers in many cities and they find the field one of real service. Women who have had the proper training and experience make excellent attendance officers. THE IMPORTANCE OF THE ATTENDANCE OFFICER'S WORK Good attendance is essential to successful work in school. If the schools are to educate a child we must see not only that he is en- rolled but also that he attends school regularly. Experience has shown that the child who is present during only a part of the term is frequently not promoted at the close of the school term. The cost of re-educating these children who have already been over the work is a very large item of expense to the school district and the cost in the loss of many years of time to the children involved can not be reckoned. Improved attendance would prevent much of this loss both to the district and to the children. If, then, attendance is of such vital importance it is essential that, in so far as possible, we prevent absence. We must consider not only unlawful absence but all absence. From the standpoint of the loss of educational opportunity to the child, it probably makes little differ- ence what the cause of the absence may be. Presumably, if an absence is unlawful it is unnecessary, but the fact that an absence is excused does not mean that it is necessary or that it might not have been prevented. Absence is an effect not a cause, therefore, all absences should be investigated to determine the cause. An investigation may bring to light causes which may be corrected, and thus prevent future absences. Since actual violations of the law constitute but a small proportion of the total sessions of absence, the actual enforcement of the law should be but a small part of the duty of the school with respect to attendance. The School Code designates as an attendance officer the person who in many school districts is the only person who investigates absences. This person is really the point of contact between the home and the school and is often the only point of contact. Since he is to go as a representative of the schools to the homes of the tax payers who support the schools, he should go not as a militant representative of the law' but rather as an embassador to establish the best possible relations of cooperation and helpfulness between the school and the home. Many parents are not acquainted with the modern educational system and the advantages which the school has to offer to their children. The attendance officer should have a comprehensive knowl- edge of the school and what it is trying to do so that he may carry 12 to the home, when necessar}^ the story of the advantages of educa- tion in general, and be able to explain in particular the opportunities offered by the local school system. It is equally important that the teacher be informed of conditions existing in the home. Often this knowledge will bring about a more sympathetic and helpful attitude on the part of the teacher. Some teachers do not take advantage of the opportunity to visit the home. In such instances it falls to the lot of the attendance officer to bring to them the information in regard to home conditions. Nearly every case investigated will present its special problem which must be analyzed to determine the cause. The ability to diag- nose a situation is of fundamental importance in work of this nature. Having determined the cause for the existing situation the remedy must be applied. The nature of the remedy varies as much as the nature of the cause. Some of these are suggested in the duties of the attendance officer as enumerated below. There are in general two aspects to attendance work: — 1. The preventive measures that help to keep children well ad- justed in their school work. These include providing the child with a well trained and competent teacher, the use of modern, well written text books, a course of study adjusted to modern needs and flexible enough to make provision for individual differences in pupils, a study of the individual child to de- termine his needs and make adjustments to satisfy these needs. This phase of the work belongs largely to the superin- tendent, the principal and the teacher but requires the coopera- tion of the attendance officer to make it most effective. 2. The corrective measures that remedy more or less perman- ently conditions deterrent to the child's normal development and to his regular attendance at school. These will- be largely the problem of the attendance officer. The "routine work" of the attendance officer consists in taking the school census, and seeing that all children of compulsory attendance age are enrolled in a public, private, or parochial school ; in follow- ing up transfers ; in v^erifying the enrollment or dismissal of children going from one school to another, or passing through Juvenile Court, and also children admitted and discharged by public and private child placing agencies ; also, in taking preliminary steps towards enforcing the Compulsory Attendance Law and the Child Labor Law, and reporting cases requiring law enforcement to the proper person. There is however an additional and more technical type of work required. Only a very small percent of absences are due to deliberate violations of the law, and are readily disposed of. In this connection the suggestion is pertinent that a threat should not be made unless there is every intention to have it carried out promptly. The attendance officer's duties, then, will also include: — 1. Preliminary inquiry into the character and degree of mental and physical deficiency with a view to ultimately secure for deficient children assignments to special classes or training 13 in institutions. The number of children listed as "permanently incapacitated" should include only that group that cannot profit from any type of education. Exclusion from school because of "permanent incapacity" shall be made on the basis of the State Regulations specified on Page 5 of this bulletin. 2. The investigation and treatment of poverty, parental in- competency and social and economic difficulties in families any one or all of which may contribute toward depriving children of educational opportunity. The difficulty frequently lies in the fact that the adjustments must be immediate where the child's attendance at school is concerned. 3. Investigations of conditions in homes of children applying for Domestic Service permits, or the interviewing of parents relative to general employment certificates, or the refusal there- of because of the child's physical condition. 4. Investigation of absences that are due to alleged legal excuses, but are scattered absences, and have been accumulated by a child who is not interested in school. It requires skill to find the real cause of this condition. Sometimes excuses do not reflect the real reasons foi* irregular attendance. The child's physical condition, his inability to succeed in tasks assigned him in school, or lack of interest at home, may be responsible for this problem. If the habit of irregular attendance is fairly well fixed before it comes to the attendance officer's attention, the problem is all the more difficult. 5. Investigation of all cases of illness causing irregular attend- ance or continued absence from school. The largest portion of absences are due to illness and need to be a matter of as much concern as the unexcused absences, particularly, if the parents are unable to secure the services of a physician. Due caution must be exercised, of course, not to require a child's attendance at school when he is not in physical condition to do so. The cooperation of a school nurse or family physician will be necessary in some of these cases. 6. Securing regular attendance on the part of pupils of non- compulsory attendance age. This is important from the stand- point of worth-while habit formation, and conformity with a group requirement, as well as from the standpoint of the pupil's progress. 7. The investigation and treatment of maladjustments of chil- dren including the truants, and the use of agencies that might help in dealing with such problem children. This sometimes requires a careful analysis of home and neighborhood situa- tions, with a solution arrived at cooperatively with parents, teachers, principals and superintendents. In each of the tasks enumerated above the child is the center of concern, and of interest. Routine work can be done quickly, and with- out much, if any knowledge of the child. But where adjustments are needed, one must get a complete picture of the child including his re- actions in school, on the playground and at home with brothersi, sisters and parents. Whenever feasible the carrying out of legal requirements relating to unlawful absence should be delegated to some person who does not 14 make the home visits. Where there is only one attendance officer in a district legal procedure may be instituted, when necessary, by the secretary of the school board or some other duly authorized public school official. DUTIES OF ATTENDANCE OFFICERS THE ATTENDANCE OFFICER: 1. Shall, whenever possible, visit the schools of his district while they are in regular session. 2. Shall report to the medical inspector of the district the names and addresses of blind, deaf, dumb, and mentally deficient pupils who are not profiting by the instruction of the regular day school. (The medical inspector should investigate such cases and report to the board of school directors. Section 1413.) 3. Shall file with the teacher or superintendent duplicate records of the visits made to investigate absence. 4. Shall in third or fourth class school districts use the Attend- ance Officer's Book which is furnished by the Child Helping and Accounting Bureau, Department of Public Instruction. 5. Shall have full police power to arrest without a warrant, or apprehend any pupil who fails to attend school regularly, or who is incorrigible, insubordinate or disorderly during attendance at school or on the way to or from school. 6. Shall notify parents or guardians when he arrests or appre- hends any offending child. 7. Shall have full power to enter any place of business where minors between fourteen and sixteen years of age are employed to ascertain if there has been full compliance with the law. He may demand and inspect any employment certificates. 8. Shall enforce the provisions of the Child Labor Act. (Section 3624.) ^ COUNTY AND DISTRICT SUPERINTENDENTS Each month the county superintendent and district superintendent shall forward to the Superintendent of Public Instruction monthly attendance reports, for their respective districts, on forms furnished by the Department of Public Instruction. PENALTIES Any school official who wilfully refuses to comply with the pro- visions of this act shall be liable to pay a penalty, for the use of( the school district, not to exceed |25.00 and costs. In default of pay- ment he may be committed to the county jail for a period not to exceed thirty days. The Superintendent of Public Instruction, upon due hearing, after two weeks written notice to the board of school directors af- fected, may withhold and declare forfeited any part, or all, of the State appropriation of any school district which refuses or neglects to comply with and to enforce the provisions of the Compulsory Attendance Law in a manner satisfactory to him, 15 DUTIES OF MANAGERS OF MOTION PICTURE THEATRES MANAGER: 1. Shall keep posted at or near the entrance of the theatre a copy of the act of July 8, 1919, in relation to the admittance of any school child during school hours. 2. Shall admit no child between the ages of eight and sisteen years to a motion picture theatre during the compulsory school period when the schools are in session, unless the child is accom- panied by a parent or other responsible adult, or unless he presents a written permit signed by the regular school teacher. 3. Shall retain for a period of at least six months the permit given by a teacher for the admittance of a child to a motion picture theatre. (Sections 44014402-4403.) PROCEDURE FOR ENFORCING THE COMPULSORY ATTENDANCE LAW John Doe has been absent from school for three days, or their equivalent, during the term of compulsory attendance without legal excuse. His teacher reports at once John's absence to the attend- ance officer, superintendent of schools, supervising principal, or secretary of the school board. That official immediately notifies in writing John's parents, or other person acting in place of a parent, of John's absence, *If John fails to appear at school within three days from the time the notice is served, unless a lawful excuse is presented, the attendance officer, or other person above mentioned goes, in the name of the school district, to a magistrate or justice of the peace and makes information against the parent or guardian upon the proper form. The magistrate or justice of the peace issues a warrant for the arrest of John's parent or guardian for non-com- pliance with the Compulsory Attendance Law. The warrant must be served by a constable, sheriff, local or State police officer. John's parent or guardian must then appear before the magistrate. If the evidence shows violation of the Compulsory Attendance Act, John's parents shall be sentenced to pay a fine not exceeding two dollars and costs. If elohn is unlawfully absent again for a single session prosecution may he instituted without a second trritten notice. For the second conviction or succeeding convictions, John's parents may be fined five dollars and costs. In default of payment of fine for any conviction the parent may be sentenced to the county jail for a period of time not to exceed five days. *If John returns to school before the expiration of the three days following the serving of the notice required by law and is then unlawfully absent a single session his parents are subject to arrest forthwith without further notice. See pages 35, 39 for attendance forms, TUITION The tuition of pupils who attend school in another district shall be paid for the entire term the schools are open in the non-resident district under the following conditions: 16 ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS 1. When a pupil resides one and one-half miles or more from the nearest school in his home district and free transportation thereto is not furnished, and the pupil attends a nearer and more convenient school in another district provided the consent of the school board of the other district has first been obtained. (Note — The term "more convenient" has been decided by the court to mean "general", not "individual" convenience. It has reference to convenience of access.) 2. When a non-resident pupil is assigned by the court or an institution to live with some person. (Said child shall attend school in the district in which said person resides and the Commonwealth shall pay the tuition under certain conditions.) (Section 1402.) HIGH SCHOOLS 1. When the home district maintains no high school. 2. When a pupil resides three or more miles from a high s-chool in his district and transportation to the same has not been provided. (Sections 1707-1709.) Before a district is liable for the tuition in the above men- tioned cases a pupil who desires to enter a high school in another district must enter the nearest or most convenient high school of the class that he may wish to attend and he shall present to the board of school directors of that district evidence from the county or dis- trict superintendent of his district that he has successfully com- pleted the elementary course of study and the admission of the pupil entering a high school in another district must be regularly recorded by the board of school directors in that district. In accordance with the provisions of Section 1707 of the School Code there are eight classes of High Schools, viz : The approved four-year Standard High School The approved three-year Standard High School The approved two-year Standard High School The approved Junior Standard High School The approved Junior-Senior Standard High School The approved four-year Vocational School The approved three-year Vocational School The approved two-year Vocational School When the ^\'^ord class is used in designating the high school a pupil may attend outside the district of residence, it has reference to the above classification of High Schools. 3. When a pupil, who resides in a district maintaining a recog- nized high school has completed in said high school the two year course if it be an approved two year high school or the three year course if it be an approved three year high school and desires to complete his high school course in another district which maintains a high school of higher grade. 4. When a pupil is desirous of having his tuition paid in a high school in another district, on account of having completed in a school or schools in another district the equivalent of a course in his own district. Such a pupil must present to the 'board of his own district, and the hoard of the district in which he wishes to attend, 17 a certificate from the Superintendent who has jurisdiction over the district in which he lives, that he has satisfactorily completed the equivalent of said course. VOCATIONAL OR INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS 1. When a pupil 14 years of age or over desires to attend a vocational or industrial school or department located in another district, provided such a school or department is not maintained in his home district. (The board of school directors shall, under certain conditions, establish and maintain vocational or industrial schools or departments. (Sections 3407-3408.) ORPHANAGES 1. When pupils who are inmates of any orphan asylum, home for the friendless, children's home, or other institution for the care or training of orphans or other children attend a public school under certain conditions. (Section 1412). TRANSPORTATION 1. Free transportation to another school shall be provided if the school to which a pupil would have been assigned has been closed since 1911 and the nearest accessible school is one and one-half miles or more from his residence. 2. All distances involving transportation or school attendance shall be computed by the shortest route along the public highway. Measurements shall be taken from the point where the regularly traveled private path or way from the home of the child meets the public highway; thence to the nearest point wiiere the highway touches the schoolgrounds. Distances may not be computed across private property. 3. A child may be required to travel one and one-half miles along the public highway to meet a school conveyance provided proper shelter is furnished at the meeting place. 4. Electric railways, public or school conveyances may be used for transportation of pupils. MENTAL OR PHYSICAL UNFITNESS Section 1415 of the School Code reads as follows: (a) The board of school directors of any schoel district in this Commonwealth may, upon satisfactory evidence being furnished to it, showing that any child or children are pre- vented from attending school, or from application to study, on account of any mental, physical, or other urgent reasons, excuse such child or children from attending school as re- quired by the provisions of this act, but the term "urgent reasons" shall be strictly construed and shall not permit of irregular attendance. (b) Every principal or teacher in any public, private, or other school may, for reasons enumerated above, excuse any child for non-attendance during temporary periods. 18 . If a pupil is to be excused permanently under the "physically or mentally unfit" clause that must be done by formal action of the school board upon the certificate of the medical examiner for the school district or upon the certificate of the County medical ex- aminer or a physician authorized by him to examine a child. SECTIONS OF THE SCHOOL LAW GOVERNING ATTENDANCE PUPILS AND ATTENDANCE School Attendance. Every child, being a resident of any school district in this Commonwealth, betAveen the ages of six and twenty- one years, may attend the public schools in his district, subject to the provisions of this act. (Section 1401.) Residence of Child. A child shall be considered a resident of the school district in which his parents or the guardian of his person resides. When a resident of any school district keeps in his home a child of school age, not his own, supporting the child gratis as if it were his own, such child shall be entitled to all free school privileges accorded to resident school children of the district, including the right to attend the public high school maintained in such district or in other districts in the same manner as though such child were in fact a resident school child of the district, and slmll be subject to all the requirements placed upon resident school children of the district: Provided, That before accepting such child as a pupil, the board of school directors of the district may require such resident to file with the secretary of the board a SAvorn statement that he is a resident of the district, that he is supporting the child gratis, that he will assume all personal obligations for the child relative to school requirements, and that he intends to so keep and support the child continuously and not merely through the school term. When a non-resident child is placed in the home of a resident of any school district by order of court or by arrangement with an association, agency, or institution having the care of neglected and dependent children, such resident being compensated for keeping the child, any child of school age so placed shall be entitled to all free school privileges accorded to resident school children of the district including the right to attend the public high school maintained in such district or in other districts in the same manner as though such child Avere in fact a resident school child of the district; and the State shall reimburse the district for the education of such child to an amount not exceeding the actual average cost of tuition, textbooks, and supplies for the district's children of similar grade; or for other pupils pursuing similar studies for the same length of time; such reimbursement to be made out of the money appropriated by the General Assembly for the maintenance and support of the public schools of this Commonwealth: Provided, That the school district may not be required to accept such children in its schools when their acceptance would invoh^e additional provision for transportation by the district, or would require the district to provide additional teachers or rooms, at an expense greater than the amount of reim- bursement paid to the district by the State. Any resident of any school district, before accepting custody of a non-resident child of school age for compensation by order of court 19 or by arrangement with an association, agency, or institution having the care of dependent or neglected children, must secure, from the superintendent of schools, supervising principal, or school board In that district, a statement in writing that the child can be accom- modated in the schools of the district or that the child can not be so accommodated and the reasons therefor. If such statements be not furnished within two weeks after a request in writing has been made to the board's secretary, the supervising principal, or the super- intendent of schools, the board's assent shall be assumed, and the child shall be admitted to the schools of the district as a pupil. If such statement sets forth conditions such as to exempt the district under this section from accepting the child as a pupil, and if such exemption be not disapproved on appeal by the Superintendent of Public Instruction, and if other arrangement for the child's school- ing satisfactory to the county or district superintendent be not made, the child may not be placed in the district. Appeal from the claim of any school district for exemption as pro- vided in this section may be taken to the Superintendent of Public Instruction, and his decision thereon after investigation shall be final. All acts and parts of acts inconsistent herewith are hereby repealed. (Section 1402. Amended May 20, 1921, P. L. 1032; April 30, 1925, P. L. 378, Sec. 1.) Beginners Defined. The term beginners, as used in this section shall mean any child that could enter the lowest grade of the primary school or the lowest primary class. (Section 1403.) Admission of Beginners. Unless otherwise directed by the board of school directors, the admission of beginners to the public schools shall be confined to two periods, namely, during the first two weeks of the annual school term, and during the first two weeks of school following the first day of January in any school year: Provided, That beginners becoming six years of age after the beginning of the school term, and before the first day of January of any year, shall be ad- mitted during the period at the beginning of the school term, and beginners becoming six years of age between the first day of January and the close of the term shall be admitted during the period following the first day of January. Provided further, That the board of school directors in any school district may fix such other periods for the admission of such beginners as it may determine. (Section 1403.) Attendance in Another District. Where any pupil in any school district in this Commonwealth resides one and one-half miles, or more, by the public road, from the nearest public elementary school in the district, such pupil, unless proper free transportation be furnished to a suitable school in the district, on obtaining the consent of the board of school directors thereof, may attend any public elementary school in another school district more convenient of access, without the consent of the board of school directors of the district where such pupil resides; and the district where such pupil resides shall promptly pay, to the district where such pupil attends, the cost of his tuition, text-books, and school supplies only, which shall not exceed that of the tuition, text-books, and school supplies of other pupils pursuing similar courses or studies in the same schools. The board of school directors of any district in this Commonwealth may, on account of convenience of access, or other reasons, permit 20 any pupils to attend the schools of another district on such terms as the two boards of school directors may mutually agree upon. The board of school directors in any school district in this Com- monwealth may, out of the funds of the district, provide for the free transportation of any pupil to and from the public schools. (Section 1404.) Districts May Be Sub-Divided. The board of school directors of every school disti'ict in this Commonwealth shall, for the purpose of designating the schools to be attended by the several pupils in said district, sub-divide the same in such manner that all the pupils in each school district shall be assigned to, and reasonably accommodated in, one of the public schools in said school district: Provided, That the board of school directors may, upon cause shown, permit any pupil or pupils in any school district to attend such other school in said district as the board may deem proper, or may classify and assign the pupils in the district to any such school or schools therein as> it may deem best, in order to properly educate the same: Provided further, That whenever any child or children of compulsory school age have their residence more than two miles by the nearest public highway from the school to which they have been assigned within the district and free transportation for such child or children to a school within the district is not provided, and there is a school in session in some other district in the Commonwealth within two miles by the nearest public highway of the residence of such child or children, the board of school directors shall re-assign such child or children to this school in another district, unless the consent of the board of directors of said district is refused, and shall pay to said district the cost of tuition, text-books, and supplies of such child or children, and this provision shall include also in like manner assignment to high schools in the case of pupils under sixteen years of age who are qualified to be enrolled in such high schools: Provided further. That hereafter it shall be unlawful for any school director, superintendent, or teacher to make any distinction whatever, on account of, or by reason of, the race or color of any pupil or scholar who may be in attendance upon, or seeking admission to, any public school maintained wholly or in part under the school laws of the Commonwealth. (Section 1405. Amended May 13, 1925, P. L. 628.) Method for Computation of Distances. Where, by the term of this act or any other act any distance is specified between the resi- dence of any pupil and any public school to be attended by him, or any transportation is provided for within or beyond any particular distance, in computing such distance no allowance shall be made for the distance that the dwelling house of the pupil is situated off the public highway. All such distances shall be computed by the public highway from the nearest point where a private way or private road connects the dwelling house of the pupil with said highway to the nearest point where said highway touches the school grounds of the school to which pupil has been assigned. Transportation May Be By School or Private Conveyance or Common Carriers. Provided, That the free transportation of pupils, as required or authorized by this act or any other act, may be fur- nished by using either school conveyances, private conveyances, or electric railways, or other common carriers, when the total distance 21 which any pupil must travel by the public highway to or from school, in addition to such transportation, does not exceed one and one-half miles, and when stations or other proper shelters are provided for the use of such pupils where needed. (Section 1408. Amended May 13, 1925, P. L. 328, Sec. 4.) Non-Resident Pupils. The board of school directors of any school district in this Commonwealth may permit any non-resident pupil to attend the public schools in its district, upon such terms as it may determine, subject to the provisions of this act. (Section 1409.) Teachers To Have Parental Authority. Every teacher in the public schools in this CommouAvealth shall have the right to exercise the same authority as to conduct and behavior over the pupils attend- ing his school, during the time they are in attendance, including the time required in going to and from their homes, as the parent's, guardians, or persons in parental relation to such pupils may ex- ercise over them. (Section 1410.) Suspension of Pupils. Every principal or teacher in charge of a public school in this Commonwealth may temporarily suspend au}'^ pupil on account of disobedience or misconduct, and any prin- cipal or teacher suspending any pupil shall promptly notify the dis- trict superintendent, supervising i)rincipal, or secretary of the board of school directors; and the board may, after a proper hearing, sus- pend such child for such time as it may determine, or may perma- nently expel him : Provided, That such hearing, suspension, or ex- pulsion may be delegated to a duly authorized committee of the board. (Section 1411.) Inmates of Orphan Asylums, Children's Homes and Other Institutions. The board of school directors of any school district in this Commonwealth in which there is located any orphan asylum, home for the friendless, children's home, or other institution for the care or training of orphans or other children, shall permit any chil- dren, who are inmates of such homes, but not legal residents in such district, to attend the public schools in said district, either with or without charge for tuition, text-books, or school supplies, as the directors of the district in which such institu- tion is located may determine. If a charge is made by any school district for tuition for the inmates of any such institution, the officers of the institution shall submit to the board of school directors a sworn statement, setting forth the names, ages, and school district liable for tuition of all children who are inmates thereof and desire to attend public school in the district, together with a blank ac- knowledging or disclaiming residence, signed by the secretary of the school district in which the institution declares the legal residence of the child to be. If said district shall fail to file said blank, with said institution within fifteen days from the date it is sent to the district by the institution by registered mail, the institution shall again notify said district of its failure to comply with the provisions of this act, and if the district shall fail to comply within fifteen days following this second notice, said failures to return the blank shall be construed as an acknowledgment of said child's residence. If any of said inmates have been received from outside of Pennsylvania, or if the institution cannot certify as to their residence, their tuition J— 3 22 shall be paid by the institution having the care or custody of said children. The tuition of such other inmates as are included in the sworn statement to the board of school directors shall be withheld by the Superintendent of Public Instruction from any moneys due to the district liable for said tuition upon receipt of a sworn statement setting forth the names, ages, tuition charges, and school district liable for tuition of said inmates ; and all money thus withheld shall be paid by him to the district entitled to receive the same. The district so charged with tuition may file an appeal with the Superin- tendent of Public Instruction, in which it shall be the complainant, and the institution the respondent. The decision of the Superin- tendent of Public Instruction as to which of said parties is responsi- ble for tuition shall be final. The cost of tuition in such cases shall be fixed as is now provided by law for tuition costs in other cases, except where, for the accom- modation of such children, it shall be necessary to provide a separate school or to erect additional school buildings, in which cases the charge for tuition for such children may include a proportionate cost of the operating expenses, rental, and interest on any investment required to be made in erecting such new school buildings. The tuition herein provided for shall be paid annually by the Superin- tendent of Public Instruction or the institution, as the case may be. (Section 1412. Amended May 20, 1921, P. L. 987; May 1, 1925, P. L. 438, Sec. 1.) Handicapped Children. It shall be the duty of the secretary of the school board, teachers, school enumerators, and attendance officers, in every school district in this Commonwealth, in accordance with rules of procedure prescribed by the Superintendent of Public Instruction, to secure information and report to the medical in- spector of the school district and to the district or county superin- tendent of schools, on or before the fifteenth day of October of each year, every child within said district, between the ages of eight (8) and sixteen (16) years, who is gravely retarded in his or her school work, or any child between the ages of six (6) and sixteen (16) who, because of apparent exceptional physical or mental condition, is not being properly educated and trained, and as soon thereafter as pos- sible, the medical inspector shall examine such child, in accordance with rules of procedure prescribed by the Secretary of Health, and report whether such child is a fit subject for special education and training. In school districts of the first, second, and third class, hav- ing a district superintendent of schools, said report shall be made to the superintendent of the district. In all other districts, the report shall be made to the Secretary of Health and by him reported to the superintendent of schools of the county. Pupils may also be designated as candidates for special education by mental clinics approved by the Council of Education, or by a psychologist or a psychological examiner who has been certified by the Superintendent of Public Instruction and is employed by any school district. Plans for Special Classes or Schools. The county or district superintendent of schools shall submit to the board or boards of school directors plans for establishing and maintaining special classes in the public schools or special public schools for the proper 23 education and training of all such children reported to him as fit subjects for special education and training, and it shall be the duty of the board of directors of any district having such children to pro- vide and maintain, or to jointly provide and maintain with neighbor- ing districts, such special classes or schools : Provided, however, That if it is not feasible to form a special class with a minimum attend- ance of ten children in any district, or if for any other reason it is not feasible to provide such education for any such child in the public schools of the district, the board of school directors of that district shall, unless approved provision for the education of such child is made by the parents or guardian, secure such proper education and training outside the public schools of the district, or in special insti- tutions, or by providing for teaching the child in his home by a legally certified teacher, on terms and conditions not inconsistent with the terms of this act or of any other act then in force applicable to such children. Reimbursement of District. School districts maintaining special classes in the public schools or special public schools or providing special education, as hereinbefore specified in this section, shall receive reimbursement, as provided by law, so long as such classes, such schools, and such special education are approved by the State Council of Education as to location, constitution and size of classes, conditions of admission and discharge of pupils, equipment, courses of study, methods of instruction, and qualifications of teachers. Supervision. The STATE Superintendent of Public Instruction shall superintend the organization of such special classes and such other arrangements for special education, and shall enforce the provisions of this act. Report By Secretary of Amount Expended. On or before the first day of October of each year, the secretary of the board of school directors in each district in which special education for physically or mentally handicapped children is provided shall make such reports in regard to such special education maintained during the previous school year, and that for which the approval of the State Council of Education for the current year is desired, as may be required by the Department of Public Instruction. When any child between the ages of six (6) and twenty-one (21) years of age resident in this Commonwealth, who is blind or deaf, is enrolled, with the approval of the Department of Public Instruction, as a pupil in any of the schools or institutions for the blind or deaf, under the supervision of and approval of the Department of Public Instruction, the school district in which such child is resident shall pay twenty-five per cent (25%) of the cost of tuition and mainte- nance of such child in such school or institution, as determined by the Department of Public Instruction; and for the tuition and maintenance of such children the Commonwealth shall pay, out of funds appropriated to the department for special education, seventy- five per centum (75%) of the cost of their tuition and maintenance, as determined by the department. When any person less than six (6) or more than twenty-one (21) years of age resident in this Commonwealth, who is blind or deaf, is enrolled with the approval of the Department of Public Instruction, as a pupil in any of the schools or institutions for the blind or deaf, under the super\dsion 24 of and approved by the Department of Public Instruction, the Commonwealth shall pay to such school or institution, out of moneys appropriated to the department for special education, the cost of tuition and maintenance of such person, as determined by the Department of Public Instruction. To facilitate payments by the several school districts, to the schools or institutions in which deaf or blind children are enrolled, of amounts due by such dis- tricts for their proportion of the cost of tuition and maintenance of such children, the Superintendent of Public Instruction shall with- hold, from any moneys due to such districts out of any State appro- priation for the assistance as reimbursement of school districts, the amounts due by such districts to such schools or institutions for the blind or the deaf, and amounts so withheld shall be paid to such schools or institutions by warrant of the Auditor General upon the State Treasurer, after requisition of the Superintendent of Public Instruction, for which purpose all amounts so withheld are hereby specifically appropriated to the Department of Public Instruction. Payments of the Commonwealth's proportion of the cost of tuition and maintenance of blind or deaf pupils enrolled in schools or institutions for the blind or for the deaf, as hereinbefore provided, shall be made quarterly out of moneys appropriated to the Department of Public Instruction for special education, by warrant of the Auditor General upon the State Treasurer, after requisition by the Superintendent of Public Instruction. For the purpose of enabling the Department of Public Instruction to de- termine from time to time what amounts are due to schools for the blind or for the deaf hereunder, such schools shall forward to the De- partment, at such times and in such form as the Department shall prescribe, sworn statements setting forth the names, ages, and residences of all pupils enrolled hereunder, specifying the school districts liable for a part of the cost of tuition and maintenance of any such pupils, the per capita cost of and maintenance of pupils, and such other information as the department shall require. (Section 1413. Amended Julv 22, 1919, P. L. 1090; March 26, 1925, P. L. 70, Sec. 1.) Attendance at Schools Using English Language. Every child having a legal residence in this Commonwealth, as herein provided, between the ages of eight and sixteen years, is required to attend a day school in which the common English branches pro- vided for in this act are taught in the English language; and every parent, guardian, or other person, in this Commonwealth, having control or charge of any child or children, between the ages of eight and sixteen years, is required to send such child or children to a day school in which the common English branches are taught in the English language; and such child or children shall attend such school continuously through the entire term, during which the public elementary schools in their respective districts shall be in session : Provided, That the certificate of any principal or teacher of a private school, or of any institution for the education of children, in which the common English branches are taught in the English language, setting forth that the work of said school is in compliance with the provision of this act, shall be sufficient and satisfactory evidence thereof. Regular daily instruction in the English language, for the time herein required, by a properly qualified 25 private tutor, shall be considered as complying with the provisions of this section, if such instruction is satisfactory to the proper county or district superintendent of schools. (Amended April 18, 1919, P. L. 58.) Education of Children Who Are Deaf, Blind, or Crippled. Every parent, guardian, or other person in this Commonwealth hav- ing control or charge of any child between the ages of six and sixteen years who is deaf or blind, or is so cripj)led, or whose hear- ing or vision is so defective as to make it impracticable to have such child educated in the public schools of the district in which he is a resident, shall allow such child to be sent to some school where proper provision is made for the education of the deaf, or of the blind, or of crippled children, or shall provide for the tuition of such child by a legally certified tutor. (Further amended March 26, 1925, P. L. 76, Sec. 1.) Keduction of the Period of Compulsory Attendance. Pro- vided further. That the board of school directors in any district of the fourth class may, at a meeting held at any time before the opening of the school term, reduce the period of compulsory .attend- ance for pupils fourteen years of age or more to not less than seventy per centum of the school term as fixed in such district, in which case, however, the board of school directors must, at the same time, fix the period for the compulsory attendance to begin. (Section 1414. Amended July 21, 1919, P. L. 1084; April 4, 1925, P. L. 131, Sec. 1.) Exceptions to Compulsory Attendance. The board of school directors of any school district in this Commonwealth may, upon satisfactory evidence being furnished to it, showing that any child or children are prevented from attending school, or from applica- tion to stud}^, on account of any mental, physical, or other urgent reasons, excuse such child or children from attending school as required by the provisions of this act, but the term "urgent reasons" shall be strictly construed and shall not permit of irregular attendance. Every principal or teacher in any public, private, or other school may, for reasons enumerated above, excuse any child for non-attendance during temporai-y periods. (Section 1415.) Not Applicable to Children Who Have Employment Certifi- cates. The provisions of this act requiring regular attendance shall not apply to any child, between the ages of fourteen and six- teen years, who has completed a course of study equivalent to six yearly grades of the public school, and is regularly engaged in any useful and lawful employment or service during the time the public schools are in session, and who holds an employment certifi- cate issued according to law; nor shall the said provisions apply to any child, between the ages of fourteen and sixteen years, engaged in farm work or domestic service in a private home on a permit issued by the school board or the designated school official of the school district of the child's residence, in accordance with regulations which the Superintendent of Public Instruction is hereby authorized to prescribe. (Section 1416. Amended May 20, 1921, P. L. 1034, Sec. 1.) Teachers to Make Report of Children Admitted to Other Than Public Schools. Every principal or teacher in every other than a public school, and in every institution for children, and ^6 every private teacher in every school district in this Commonwealth, shall, immediately after their admission to such school or institu- tion, or at the beginning of such private teaching, furnish to the district superintendents, supervising principals, or secretaries of the boards of school directors of the districts wherein the parents or guardians of such children reside, lists of the names and resi- dences of all children betAveen eight and sixteen years of age enrolled in such school or institution, or taught by such private teacher; and shall further report at once to such district superintendent, supervising principal, or secretary of the board of school directors, the name and date of withdrawal of any such pupil withdrawing from any such school or institution, or from such private instruction^ if such withdrawal occurs during the period of compulsory attend- ance in said district. And every principal or teacher in a school other than a public school, and every private teacher, shall also report at once to the superintendent, supervising principal, or secre- tary of the board of school directors of the district, any such child who has been absent three days, or their equivalent, during the term of compulsory attendance, without lawful excuse. (Section 1417.) Exemption. In case there is no public school in session within two miles by the nearest public highway of the residence of any child, such child shall be exempt from the provisions of this act relating to compulsory attendance, unless proper free transportation be furnished to such child to and from school: Provided, If proper free transportation is furnished to any child under sixteen years of age to and from school the Commonwealth shall reimburse any school district of the fourth class furnishing such transportation in the same manner and amounts as provided for in this act for transportation of pupils from closed schools. (Section 1418. Amended May 13, 192.5, P. L. 628, Sec. 5; March 29, 1927, P. L. 75.) Failure of Parents to Observe Attendance Law. Every parent, guardian, or person in parental relation in this Common- wealth, having control or charge of any child or children, between the ages of eight and sixteen years, who shall fail to comply with the provisions of this act regarding compulsory attendance, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof before any alder- man, magistrate, or justice of the peace shall be sentenced to pay a fine, for the benefit of the school district in which such offending person resides, not exceeding two dollars (|2.00) for the first offense, and not exceeding five dollars ($5.00) for each succeeding offense, together with costs, and, in default of the payment of such fine and costs by the person so offending, shall be sentenced to the county jail for a period not exceeding five days: Provided, That any person sentenced to pay any such fine may, at any time within five days thereafter appeal to the court of quarter sessions of the proper county, upon entering into a recognizance, with one or more proper sureties, in double the amount of penalty and costs: And provided. That before any proceedings are instituted against any parent, guardian, or person in parental relation, for failure to comply with the provisions of this act, such offending person shall have three days' wintten notice given him by the superintendent of public schools, supervising principal, attendance officer, or secretary of the board of school directors of such violation, and if, after such 27 notice has been given, the provisions of this act regarding com- pulsory attendance are again violated by the person so notified, at any time during the terra of compulsory attendance, such person so again offending, shall be liable under the provisions of this act without further notice. (Section 1423. The remainder of the sec- tion is obsolete.) • Duties of School Officers. Whenever the board of school directors, or the attendance officer, superintendent, supervising principal, or secretary of any board of school directors, in this Com- monwealth, ascertains that any child between eight and sixteen years of age, who is by the provisions of this act required to attend the public schools in the district over which such board of school directors has control, is unable to do so, on account of lack of neces- sary clothing or food, such case shall be promptly reported to any suitable relief agency operating in the school district, or, if there be no such suitable relief agency to which the case can be referred, it shall be reported to the proper directors or overseers of the poor for investigation and relief. (Section 1424.) ENUMERATION OF SCHOOL CHILDREN Enumeration of Children Between Six and Sixteen Years. The board of school directors in every school district in this Common- wealth shall, between April first and September first of each year, cause to be made by the attendance officers, teachers or other per- sons employed for this purpose, a careful, correct, and accurate enumeration, in a substantial book or books provided by the Super- intendent of Public Instruction at the expense of the State for that purpose, of all the children between the ages of six and sixteen years within their district, giving the full name, date of birth, age, sex, nationality, place of residence in such school district, name and ad- dress of parent or persons in parental relation, the name and loca- tion of the school where the child is enrolled or belongs, and the name and address of the employer of any child under sixteen years of age who is engaged in any regular employment or service. Such enumera- tion shall be made by careful inquiry at the residence of each family in the district, and the person making the same, upon completion thereof, shall make a proper oath or affirmation as to its correctness. Such enumeration shall also include the names and addresses of all persons, firms, or corporations employing or accepting services from children under sixteen (16) years of age. Hindrance of Officer, Teacher, Etc. If any person shall hinder or prevent, or attempt to hinder or prevent, any attend- ance officer or teacher, or other person from performing any duty provided for in this section, shall, on conviction thereof before any alderman or justice of the peace of the county, be sentenced to pay a fine not exceeding five dollars or to undergo an imprisonment not exceeding five days. (Section 1425. Amended May 3, 1915, P. L. 238.) Secretary to Furnish List of Names of Children. The secre- tary of each board of school directors, or such other person as is directed by the board, shall, at or before the opening of the school term, furnish to the principal or teacher of each school a correct list of names and residences of all children, assigned to such school, who are subject to the provisions of this act. The said secretary or 28 other person shall also forward, on or before the first day of October of each year, to the county or district superintendent, to be by him forwarded, on or before the first day of November of each year, to the Superintendent of Public Instruction, a summary of such statistics regarding the children in each district, as is required by the Superin- tendent of Public Instruction, on blanks provided by him for that purpose. (Section 1426.) Cost of Enumeration. The cost and expense of making a proper enumeration of the children of each school district, as herein pro- vided, shall be paid per diem, or by the name, or in such other man- ner as the board of school directors may see proper, out of the funds of the district: Provided, That the attendance officer, the superintendent of schools, supervising principal, or the secretary of the board of school directors, shall have the power to add to this enumeration the names of any children whose names do not appear thereon, together with other information required by this act. (Sec- tion 1427.) Children Listed Failing to Appear. It shall be the duty of every principal or teacher of a public school to report immediately to the attendance officer, superintendent of schools, supervising principal, or secretary of the board of school directors, the names of all children in the list furnished to him who have not appeared for enrollment, and he shall also promptly report, from time to time, to the attendance officer, superintendent of schools, supervis- ing principal, or secretary of the board of school directors, the names of all children wlio have been absent three days, or their equiv- alent, during the term of compulsory attendance, without lawful excuse. Such person shall thereupon serce upon the parent, guardian, or other person in parental relation to such children, the Avritten notice hereinbefore provided, and if it shall appear that, within three days thereafter, any child, parent, guardian, or other person in parental relation shall have failed to comply with the provisions of this act, the superintendent, supervising principal, attendance officer, or secretary of the board of school directors, in the name of the school district, shall proceed against the person so ofl'ending, in ac- cordance with the provisions of this act. (Section 1428.) Costs of Proceedings. If at any time after proceedings have been instituted against any person under the provisions of this act, sufficient cause be shown by such offending person for non-compliance with its requirements, or if the cost of such proceedings cannot be collected from such offending person, such costs may be paid out of the district funds, upon a proper voucher approved by the board of school directors. (Section 1429.) Wilful Refusal or Neglect to Comply With This Act, Sub- ject TO Penalty. Any district superintendent, supervising princi- pal, secretary of the board of school directors, attendance officer, or teacher of any public or private school, or any private teacher, or any principal or teacher in any institution for children, who wilfully refuses or neglects to comply with the provisions of this act, shall be liable for and pay a penalty, for the use of the school district, not exceeding twenty-five dollars (|25.00) and costs, and, in default of payment thereof, may be committed to the county jail for a period not exceeding thirty days. Such penalty may be recovered by, and 29 in the name of, any school district, as like penalties are now col- lected by law: Provided, That any such superintendent, supervising principal, secretary, attendance officer, or teacher, upon whom a fine is imposed, may, at any time within five days thereafter, appeal to the court of quarter sessions in the proper county, on furnishing proper bail, with one surety, in double the amount of such penalty and costs. (Section 1430.) Appropriation Forfeited In Certain Cases. The Superintend- ent of Public Instruction, upon due hearing, after two weeks written notice to the board of school directors affected, may withhold and declare forfeited any part, or all, of the State appropriation of any school district which refuses or neglects to comply with and to enforce the provisions of this article in a manner satisfactory to him. (Section 1431. Amended May 20, 1921, P. L. 1034, Sec. 2.) ATTENDANCE OFFICERS Attendance Officers. The board of school directors of every school district in this Commonwealth of the first, second or third class, shall, and in any school district of the fourth class may, employ one or more persons to be known as attendance officers, whose duties shall be to enforce the provisions of this act regarding com- pulsory attendance. Such attendance officers shall, in addition to the duties imposed upon them by the provisions of this act, have full police power without warrant, and may arrest or apprehend any child who fails to attend school in compliance with the provisions of this act, or who is incorrigible, insubordinate, or disorderly during attendance at school or on his Avay to or from school. (Section 1432.)* To NoTi^FY Parents. When an attendance officer arrests or ap- prehends any child who fails to attend school as required by the provisions of this act, he shall promptly notify the parents, guardian, or person in parental relation to such child, if such person can be found in the district, and unless requested by such parent, guardian, or person in parental relation to place said child in a school other than public school, he shall place said child in the public school in which the child is, or should be, enrolled. (Section 1433.) Powder and Authority. Such attendance officer shall have full power and authority to enter, during business hours, any place where any children are employed, to ascertain whether or not any child is engaged therein that should attend school as herein provided, and such attendance officer shall have the right to demand and in- spect the employment certificate of any child engaged therein. (Sec- tion 1434.) Employer Interfering With Attendance Officer. Any officer, director, superintendent, manager, employe, or other person, at any place where any child between fourteen and sixteen years of age is engaged, who refuses to permit or in any way interferes with, the entrance therein of the attendance officer, any member of the board of school directors, the secretary thereof, the district superintendent, or supervising principal of any school district, as provided for in this act, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof before any magistrate, alderman, or justice of the peace shall be sentenced to pay a fine of not less than five dollars (|.5.00) or more 30 than twenty-five dollars (5?25.00), in default of which he may be sentenced to imprisonment not exceeding thirty days: Provided, That any person sentenced to pay any such fine may, upon giving proper surety in double the amount of penalty and costs, at any time within five days thereafter, appeal to the court of quarter ses- sions of the proper county. (Section 1435.) Compensation. Such attendance officers may he employed for the full calendar year, and shall be paid such amounts and in such manner as the board of school directors appointing them may decide, and they shall at all times perform the duties of their appointment under the direction of the board of school directors appointing them : Provided, That in districts of the first class the compensation shall not be less than twelve hundred dollars (.$1,200) per annum. Every school district shall report to the Superintendent of Public Instruc- tion upon the enforcement of the provisions for compulsory attend- ance and the cost thereof, in such detail as said Superintendent of Public Instruction shall request. (Amended July 17, 1919, P. L. 1025 and May 24, 1921, P. L. 1087, Section 1436.) Districts May Join. Any two or more school districts may join in the appointment of an attendance officer on such terms as they may mutually agree upon. (Section 1437.) Incorrigible Child. In case any child between eight and sixteen years of age cannot be kept in school in compliance Avith the pro- visions of this act, on account of incorrigibility, truancy, insubor- dination, or other bad conduct, or if the presence of any such child attending school is detrimental to the welfare of such school, on ac- count of incorrigibility, truancy, insubordination, or other bad con- duct, then, in any such case, the board of school directors of the proper district may, by its superintendent, supervising principal, sec- retary, or attendance officer, under such rules and regulations as said i3oard may adopt, proceed against said child before the juvenile court, or otherwise, as is now or may hereafter be provided by law for incorrigible, truant, insubordinate, or delinquent children. (Sec- tion 1438.) Education of Certain Blind Children. The State Board of Education is authorized to educate blind children residing in this Commonwealth, under the age of eight years, whenever, from any cause, the parent or parents thereof may be unable to properljf educate them. ' With the written consent of the proper parents, parent, or nearest relative, if there be no parents, or the poor authorities of the proper poor district, if there be neither parents nor relatives, the board mav contract with any non-sectarian institu- tion in this State, or elsewhere, established for the education of the blind, whereby any such child may. at a cost not exceeding one dollar and fifty cents per day — to be paid out of the State school fund — be educated until it shall reach the age of eight years: Provided, That such education may be continued beyond the age of eight years, when, for physical, mental or other proper reasons, such child or children need special care for a longer period. The Contract may be canceled and the child or children removed at any time by the board. This act shall not repeal or modify any existing act relative to the education of the blind. (Section 1439. Section 1439 added 31 by amendment of May 8, 1913, P. L. 158. Ee-amended by act of May 17, 1917, P. L. 206, Section 1.) Readers for Certain Blind Students. The Department of Public Instrnction is authorized to make provisions for defraying the necessary expense of any students who are blind or deaf and are regularly enrolled students pursuing any course of study, profession, art, science in any university, college, conservatory of music, normal, professional, or vocational school approved by the Department of Public Instruction, and who are residents of the Commonwealth. Before any contract is entered into, the Department of Public Instruction shall make a careful investigation of all circumstances surrounding the case, and if, after such investigation, it appears that any blind or deaf student who desires to attend any such school or institution, or who is attending such school or institution, seems to be fitted for special Avork, the Department of Public Instruction is authorized to expend the necessary amount, out of the general sum appropriated for this purpose, not to exceed five hundred dollars per year for each blind or deaf student. Section 1440. (Added by amendment of May 17, 1917, P. L. 206, Sec. 2.) (Amended March 26, 1925, P. L. 74, Sec. 1.) Definition of Cost of Tuition. The term "cost of tuition" or the term "cost of tuition, textbooks, and school supplies," as used in article fourteen of the act of which this is an amendment, shall after the first day of July, one thousand nine hundred and twenty- iflve, include the cost of the following items: (1) instruction, in- (Cluding salaries of members of the teaching and supervisory staff, and attendance of teachers at institutes; (2) text books and school supplies; and (3) fuel, light, water and janitor service; and shall also include ten per centum (10%) of the total cost of said items. Calculation of the cost of tuition in any district shall be made ;separately for elementary and high school pupils respectively. The board of school directors in any district maintaining an ele- mentary school which is attended by any pupils residing in another district as herein provided shall at the close of each term calculate the per capita cost of tuition in such district for the school term then ended, upon the basis of the average daily attendance in said elementary school for the entire school term. Provided, That the board of school directors of any district in -which there is located an elementary school receiving a share of any appropriation for the salaries of elementary school teachers shall deduct its share of the last such appropriation received for the teacher or teachers in said elementary school from the total cost of tuition before computing the per capita cost of tuition, in order to certify properly for pupils attending the same from other districts. The charge made by any school district receiving any pupil not resident therein to the district in which such child resides shall be equal to the per capita cost of instruction calculated for the pre- vious school term. The board of school directors in any district maintaining an ele- mentary school which is attended by any pupils residing in another district as herein provided shall upon admission of such pupils properly certify to the board of school directors of the district in which such pupils reside the names of all such pupils, together with 32 an itemized statement of the cost of tuition per school month as herein defined, and the cost of snch tuition shall be paid monthly to the district maintaining; such elementary school by the district to which the same was certified. Section 1441. (Added by amend- ment of May 1, 1925, P. L. 435, Sec. 1.) HIGH SCHOOLS Where Pupils May Attend. Pupils residing in a school district in which no public high school is maintained may attend, during the entire term, the nearest or most conveniently located high school of such class as they may desire to attend. In any district Avhich main- tains a high school Avhose program of studies terminates before the end of the twelfth year, pupils who have satisfactorily completed the same or have completed a program of studies equivalent to said program of studies in some other school or schools, may attend, at the expense of the school board of the district in which they live, the nearest or most conveniently located high school of such class as they may desire to attend giving further high school work: Provided, That pupils wishing to attend a high school in a district other than the one in which they reside shall obtain the consent of the board of school directors of the district in which such high school is located before attending the same: And provided further, That pupils desirous of having their tuition paid in a high school in another district, on account of having completed the equivalent of the pro- gram of studies in their own district in some other school or schools, must present to the board of their own district and the board of the district in which they wish to attend, a certificate from the county superintendent who has jurisdiction over the district in which they live that they have satisfactorily completed the equivalent of said program of studies. County superintendents are hereby authorized and required to examine such pupils, and if entitled, to issue to them the necessary certificates : And provided further. That the board of school directors of the district in which the said pupil or pupils reside may, by agreement in writing, provide for the attendance and tuition of the said pupil or pupils without the necessity of the said pupil or pupils taking the county examination, with the approval of the County Superintendent in writing. County superintendents are hereby authorized and in cases where the boards of the districts have not agreed as hereinbefore provided for, required to examine such pupils and if entitled, to issue to them the necessarv certificate. Section 1707. (Amended June 1, 1915, P. L. 672; April 7, 1925, P. L. 166, Sec. 2; May 4, 1927, Acts, No. 347, 349.) Certificates for Non-Eesident Pupils. The board of school directors in any district maintaining a high school which is attended by any pupils residing in another district as herein provided shall at the close of each term calculate the per capita cost of tuition in such district for the school term then ended, upon the basis of the average daily attendance in said high school for the entire school term : Provided, That the board of school directors of any district in which there is located a high school receiving a share of any appro- priation for the salaries of high school teachers shall deduct its 33 share of the last such appropriation received for the teacher or teachers in said high school from the total cost of tuition before com- puting the per capita cost of tuition, in order to certify properly for pupils attending the same from other districts. The charge made by any school districts receiving any pupil not resident therein to the district in which such child resides shall be equal to the per capita cost of instruction calculated for the previous school term. The board of school directors in any district maintaining a high school which is attended by any pupils residing in another district as herein provided shall upon admission of such pupils properly cer- tify to the board of school directors of the district in which such pupils reside the names of all such pupils, together with an itemized statement of the cost of tuition per school month as herein defined, and the cost of such tuition shall be paid monthly to the district maintaining such high school by the district to which the same was certified. The per capita cost herein specified shall be computed upon the basis of the average daily attendance in said high school for the entire school term: Provided, That a district maintaining grades seven and eight shall not be liable for tuition of pupils attending the seventh and eighth grades of a junior high school or six year high school in another district, except as is provided in section one thou- sand four hundred and four of this act. Section 1708. (Amended May 28, 1923, P. L. 45.5; May 1, 1925, P. L. 435; Sec. 3.) Attendance At More Convenient School. If any child has completed the elementary course of stud}^ in the public schools of the district in which he resides, and resides three or more miles, by the public road, from the nearest high school in said district, unless proper free transportation is furnished, he may attend any more con- venient high school in another district, without the consent of the board of school directors of the district in which he resides, and the district in which he resides shall be liable to the district whose high school he attends for the cost of his tuition, text-books, and supplies, as provided for in this act. (Section 1709.) Approval of Superintendent or Principal. All pupils desiring to attend any high school outside the district in which they reside shall first satisfy the superintendent having supervision of the dis- trict in which they reside, as well as the superintendent or principal of said high school, of their fitness to enter the same. (Section 1710.) Determining Tuition. The board of school directors of any dis- trict in which there is located a high school receiving a share of any appropriation for the salaries or high school teachers shall deduct its share of the last such appropriation received from the total cost of tuition, text-books, and supplies, before computing the cost per pupil, in order to certifv properly the expense for pupils attending the same from other districts. (Amended May 20, 1921, P. L. 1036, Sec. 4. Section 1711.) Definition of Cost of Tuition. The term "cost of tuition" or the term "cost of tuition, text-books and school supplies" as used in article seventeen of the act to which this is an amendment, shall after the first day of July, one thousand nine hundred and twenty- five, include the cost of the following items and no others: 34 (1) Instruction, including salaries of members of the teaching and supervisory statf, and attendance of teachers at institutes; (2) Text-books and school supplies; and (3) Fuel, light, water, and janitor service, and shall also include ten per centum (10%) of the total cost of said items. Calculation of the cost of tuition in any district shall be made separately for elementary and high school pupils respectively. The per capita cost of tuition herein specified shall be computed upon the basis of the average daily attendance for the entire school term. Section 1716. (Added by amendment May 1, 1925, P. L. 435, Sec. 2.) SCHOOL CHILDREN PROHIBITED FROM ATTENDING MOTION PICTURE THEATRES DURING SCHOOL HOURS— EXCEPTIONS Moving Picture Theatres. That no owner, proprietor, or lessee,, or the agent of such owner, proprietor, or lessee, of any moving picture theatre shall, during the term of compulsory attendance of public schools as fixed by the board of school directors in any school district, and during the hours and upon the days such schools are in actual session, admit or permit entrance into such moving picture theatre of any cliild or children hetiveen eight and fourteen years of age: Provided, That the provisions of this act shall not apply to any child or children accompanied by its or their parent or parents or other responsible adult, nor to any such child or children presenting a permit signed by the teacher of such child, which permit allows such child or children to be absent from school during school hours and permits admission to the moving picture theatre. Such permit shall be retained by the owner, proprietor, lessee, or agent, and shall be preserved for a period of six months. (Section 4401.) Posting of Act. A copy of the provisions of this act shall be posted at a conspicuous place at or near the entrance into every moving picture theatre. (Section 4402.) Penalties. Any person violating any of the provisions of this act shall, in summary conviction therefor before any magistrate, alderman, or justice of the peace, be liable to a fine of ten dollars for the first offense, and twenty-five dollars for the second and every subsequent offense, and, in default of the payment of such fine and costs, such person shall be committed to jail one day for each dollar fine and costs imposed. (Section 4403. Act of July 8, 1919, P. L.. 777.) 35 ATTENDANCE FORMS The following forms for the enforcement of the Compulsory At- tendance Law are type forms. The Department of Public Instruc- tion does not furnish the blanks except the "Attendance Officer's Book" and the "Transfer Card." The school board of a district may have these forms printed locally or secure them from firms that deal in school supplies. The following form, "Reason for Absence," is a suggested form in order to insure uniformity. This form when completely filled out should be kept on file in the teacher's room, in the principal's or in the superintendents office. (Size 3" x 5".) REASON FOR ABSENCE 192 Mr *tardy .was absent from school on The State law requires an explanation from the parent in each case of absence or tardiness. Kindly state the reason below. Teacher The reason for absence was signature of Parent or Guardian •Parent cross out one. 36 The form for "Teachers' Official Report of Absence" is filled out by the teacher and sent to the superintendent, supervising principal, attendance officer or the secretary. (5x8) o :? w PQ < O H O w w < I— I u I— I o CO w u H a A ? fl OJ 02 *" 00 S 03 O o s < a) ol ja o 3 > o = ■So s «> la Number of Sessions 03 O - o ° ^ ^ o gi cs a.S «■*;:; to o a og 3i3 « >> O) O tH p^ ,3 TT S S3 tu E>« J3d® fe. „ o -C bits t, O a- J; a O 0.03 ■« § -O I, an by ^m ?° " -« <=^S a n OJ ■a -t^ '2 ~ o fl O g 3 P ft =»£?■§ /"« _j -g O g O to ■g v-o 2 o o t: J3 03 CO •a "" ii 1-^ « ^ o I ° '^ ° o ^ O oj o O S O • S a o O l; _£ 03 03 C "-' o .s ^ k. ft o-d «!•- >- 11 P3 ft ftlS 3 «^ Oft O 3 ° gas-g o rt a ®« 1^ o X O a J:: i1 O) 3 ■" a^ -O (u « 03 W.o o ■M ■S "^-1 3 •as ^3^ ft 5;^ n^ J. rt ■^+j « 1) d a lace of employment. When these schools are estab- lished they become a part of the public school system of the school district in which they are located and must be under the supervision of the local public school authorities and the State Superintendent of Public Instruction. All rooms, whether, in a local public school, joint school, rented rooms, or an employer's establishment, must be adapted to school work and must meet the requirements for school buildings as set forth in Article VI of the School Code. If an employer provides a room for a continuation school which has been approved by the State Superintendent of Public Instruction, all minor employees fourteen to sixteen years of age in the district may attend this school. No continuation school shall be in session on Saturday nor on Sunday nor before eight o'clock in the morning nor after five o'clock in the afternoon of any other day. A person employing a minor shall notify the officer by whom the employment certificate of said minor was issued, indicating the school, hours per day and the days of the week the minor should be in school. This is usually done by simply accepting the assign- ment made by the school officials. AVhere a minor between fourteen and sixteen years of age is in attendance upon a regular school during its usual and customary hours, it would not be unlawful to employ him during the other hours of the day, not earlier than six o'clock in the morning or later than eight o'clock in the evening, provided a vacation employ- ment certificate be duly issued for him and that the nature of the employment is one permitted to such a minor under said act, and provided further that the hours of school attendance and work do not exceed the maximum number prescribed in the fourth section of the act, namely; fifty-one hours in any one week and nine hours in any one day. In such a case the attendance at the regular school would more than compensate for the schooling required in the continuation school provided for in Section 3. The purpose of this latter section will be fulfilled Avhere a minor who is employed during hours other than those of the regular school session attends such school during its ordinary period. ATTENDANCE AT CONTINUATION SCHOOL 1. E\'ery boy or girl between the ages of 14 and 16 years, who is employed upon a general employment certificate or an exemption permit must attend a continuation school at least 3 hours a week on any week days, except Saturday, between the hours of 8:00 A. M. and 5:00 P. M. Night school attendance cannot be accepted in lieu of attendance at continuation school. 2. The matter of a minor's absence from a continuation school is an administrative question to be treated by the local authorities. When the minor ceases to attend school as prescribed by law, the employer cannot longer lawfully continue to give him employment. J— 5 54 When a minor, without reasonable cause, persists in absenting him- self from the continuation school to which he belongs, it is the duty of the employer to discharge him forthwith, and of the school authorities to cancel his employment certificate and compel his attendance at the regular school. HOURS OF WORK 1. For all minors under 10, the hours of work must not be more than 51 hours a week or more than 9 hours a day, nor before Q o'clock in the morning or after 8 o'clock in the evening. 2. The hours spent in a continuation school are considered part of the working day or week. SUGGESTED FORM LETTERS Certificating officers have found that there is at times confusion resulting from the lack of acquaintance with the law. Toward the elimination of this confusion several jilans have been tried out. The following form letter as an enclosure with certificates to employers who for the first time are employing children within the provisions of the Child Labor Act, has much to commend it: (Name of Public Schools) My dear Sir: I wish to call your attention to certain, features in the Child Labor Kct which vitally concern your employment of minors between the ages of fourteen and six- teen years. No certificates are granted to children who have not reached fourteen years of age or who have not completed the work of the sixth grade in accordance with the prescribed course of study in the public schools. The law expressly forbids the employing of said minors at certain dangerous positions, notably at or near certain power machines, as enumerated in Section 5 of the Law. The law limits the length of time during which said minor may be employed to not more than fiftv-one hours in one week nor m.ore than, nine hours in any one day. The minor shall not be employed before six o'clock, A. M., nor after eight o'clock P. M. The minor must attend a Continuation School for a period, or periods, aggre- gating eight hours in each week. This time must be considered as part of the working week, thereby limiting the total working time remaining to forty-three hours in each week. The responsibility for allowing time for the minor's attendance at the Continua- tion School is placed upon the employer. In order to facilitate your handling of the situation, a certificate of attendance is given each pupil at the close of each school day. In order to aid us in our handling of the certificates of these minors, we wish to stress particularly the law relative to acceptance and return of employment certifi- cates by the employer. Upon the acceptance of an employment certificate, return the receipt, duly signed, to the issuing officer. Whenever a minor ceases to be employed by you, please return the certificate to the issuing ofiicer. The certificate is of no use to any other employer and is not to be given to the minor. It becomes part of our permanent record. You are to keep posted a list of the minors within the provisions of thi.s act and are to report, quarterly, on forms supplied you the names of all said minors as enumerated on said form. In order to make our Continuation Sihool helpful to you and your employees we ask your earnest co-operation. Any suggestion you may have to offer will be gladly received. 55 This letter is sent in a spirit of co-operation. We wish to assist you in meet- ing the requirements of the law for our mutual benefit. Yours truly, Another city uses follow-up cards which might well be copied elsewhere as a solution of some probable troubles: School District of the City of Pa. OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT Please return the Receipt for Employment Certificate issued for You will note on the receipt that you are required to sign and return it to this office within three days after the minor begins employment. Yours very truly, Superintendent of Schools "It shall be the duty of every person who shall employ any minor under sixteen years of age to acknowledge, in writing to the oflQcial issuing the same, the receipt of the employment certificate of said minor, within three days after the beginning of such employ- ment." Sec. 17, Act of May 13, 1915. School District of the City of Pa. OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT Accoi'ding to our records has left your employ. Please return h . . . . working certificate to this office at once, as required by law. Yours very truly, Superintendent of Schools "On tennination of the employment of a minor under sixteen years of age, the employment certificate issued for each minor shall be returned by mail, by the employer to the official i ;suing the same, immediately upon demand of the minor for whom the certificate was issued, or otherwise within three days after termination of said em- ployment." Sec. 17, Act of May 13, 1915. School District of the City of , Pa. OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT Principal School. , who attended our school, is not work- ing at present and should return to regular attendance at school. Please see that he does so at once. Yours very truly, Supci'intendent of Schools 56 The average employer will respond to personal interest in his welfare by the one responsible tor certiticating minors between the ages of 14 and 16 years. The gratifying results which come from the occasional use of the telephone in keeping in touch with em- ployers, are ample reward for the trouble. PERMIT REQUIRED FOR MINOR TO WORK ON THE FARM OR AT DOMESTIC SERVICE IN PRIVATE HOME The legislature of 1921 amended Section 1416 of the School Code. The amendment states that the provisions of this act requiring regular attendance shall not apply to any child between the ages of fourteen and sixteen years, who has completed a course of study equivalent to six yearly grades of the public school, and is regularly engaged in any useful and lawful employment or service during the time the public schools are in session, and who holds an employment certifi- cate issued according to law; nor shall the said provisions apply to any child, between the ages of fourteen and sixteen years, en- gaged in farm work or domestic service in a private home on a per- mit issued by the school board or the designated school official of the school district of the child's residence, in accordance with regula- tions which the Superintendent of Public Instruction is hereby au- thorized to prescribe. (Amendment of May 20, 1921, P. L. 1034, Sec. 1.) In accordance with Section 1416, no minor under 14 years of age may be employed upon the farm or at domestic service in a private home during the time public schools are in session and no such minor between 14 and 16 years of age may be so employed during the com- pulsory attendance period unless he holds a permit issued in accord- ance with regulations which the Superintendent of Public Instruction is authorized to prescribe. The Superintendent of Public Instruction has prescribed that there shall be two types of permits for farm or domestic service, viz. 1. The Emergency Permit (Form P-FDS-EM) 2. The Exemption Permit (Form P-FDS-EX) Before granting either of these permits the issuing officer must receive proof. 1. That the minor is 14 years of age or over. The same proof is required for the permit as for the employ- ment certificate. (See proof of age page 51). 2. That the minor has completed the work of the first six yearly grades of the elementarj^ schools. 3. That such an urgent need in the family of the minor exists as to demand his services. The Emergency Permit (Form P-FDS-EM). When all requirements have been met this permit may be granted when the minor is to be excused from attendance at school for but a very limited period of time. The Exemption Permit (Form P-FDS-EX). When all requirements have been met this permit may be granted when the minor is to be permanently excused from attendance at school. 57 Eeturn of the minor to school at any time automatically cancels either permit. If the urgent need under which either permit was issued ceases to exist, the permit shall be cancelled and the minor required to return to school. Permits shall be issued in each school district by the ofificial who issues employment certificates. HOW TO SECURE EXEMPTION FROM SCHOOL FOR FARM OR DOMESTIC SERVICE 1. Emergency Permit. (a) The parent or guardian shall secure application (Form PGS) from the issuing officer. (b) The parent or guardian shall fill out this form as indicat- ed; also the lower half of Form A-FDS-EM. (See reverse side of PGS.) (c) The parent or guardian shall then take the application form to the principal or teacher of the school which the minor last attended. (d) The teacher shall insert the school record and other re- quired data in the upper half of Form A-FDS-EM. (e) The parent or guardian shall then take the application to the issuing officer together with one of the following evidences that the minor is between fourteen and sixteen years of age, which is re- quired in the order herein designated. 1. Transcript of birth certificate filed according to law; or 2. Baptismal certificate or certified transcript of the record of baptism; or 3. Passport showing age; or 4. Any other documentary record of age other than school record; or 5. Physician's certificate of evidence of age accompanied by an affidavit of age made by the parent or guardian. (f) The issuing officer shall decide whether the claim of neces- sity as set forth on Form PGS is sufficiently urgent to warrant the issuance of the permit for the time requested. The time for which the permit is requested shall not exceed .30 calendar days. (g) If the issuing officer approves the statement of necessity he shall fill out Form P-F'DS-EM. (h) The issuing officer shall give the permit, (Form P-FDS- EM), directly to the employer or mail it to him. It shall never be given to the minor. (i) The issuing officer shall notify the principal or teacher as soon as a permit has been issued for any minor, and shall give the date of its expiration. (j) The teacher shall consider said minor as belonging to the school during the emergency period, and shall use the letter "T" in the report book to indicate the reason for absence and record the date the minor must return to school. 58 (k) As soon as the time has expired for which the permit was issued, it shall be returned to the issuing officer and the minor shall return to school. 2. Exemption Permit. The conditions and procedure upon which an exemption permit (Form P-FDS-EX) shall be issued are the same as those required for an emergency permit, with the following exceptions: (a) The farm or home conditions which necessitate the ser- vices of the minor shall be permanent rather than temporary. (b) The minor shall attend a continuation school eight hours per week if there be one accessible. (c) The issuing officer shall notify the principal or teacher of the continuation school that the said minor has been granted an ex- emption permit. (d) The teacher shall, Avhen notified b,y the issuing officer that an exemption permit has been issued after the opening of school, in- dicate in the report book by the symbol "P" the absence of the minor and will no longer count him as a member of the school. Note: — ^The permit must not be accepted as an excuse for irregular attendance. As soon as the minor returns to school the permit be- comes void although the period for wliich it was issued may not have expired. SECTIONS OF THE LAW GOVERNING THE EMPLOYMENT OF MINORS AN ACT To provide for the health, safety, and welfare of minors : By forbidding their em- ployment or work in certain establishments and occupations, and under certain specified ages; by restricting their hours of labor, and regulating certain con- ditions of their employment ; by requiring employment certificates for certain minors, and prescribing the kinds thereof, and the rules for the issuance, reissuance, filing, return, and recording of the same ; by providing that the In- dustrial Board shall, under certain conditions, detei'mine and declare whether certain occupations are within the prohibitions of this act ; requiring that certain minors shall, during the period of their employment, attend certain schools, to be established as therein provided, and to be approved by the State Superintendent of Public Instruction, and regulating the conditions of such attendance ; au- thorizing the State Board of Education, in certain cases, to appoint attendance officers to aid in enforcing the provisions of this act, and creating the salary and expenses of such officers a charge against the school district wherein they are employed ; requiring certain abstracts and notices to be posted ; providing for the enforcement of this act by the Commissioner of Labor and Industry, the atten- dance officers of school districts , and police officers ; and defining the procedure in prosecutions thereunder, and establishing certain presumptions in relation thereto ; providing penalties for the violation of the provisions thereof ; and re- pealing all acts or parts of acts inconsistent therewith. Section 1. Be it enacted, &c.. That wherever the term "establish-, nient" is used in this act, it shall mean any place within this Com- monwealth where work is done for compensation of any kind, to whomever payable: Provided, That this act shall not apply to chil- dren employed on the farm, or in domestic service in private homes. The term ''person," when used in this act, shall be construed to include any individual, firm, partnership, unincorporated association, corporation, or municipality. The term ''week," when used in this act, shall mean any consecutive seven days. The term "minor," when used in this act, shall mean any person under twenty-one years of age. Wlierever the singular is used in this act the plural shall be included, and wherever the masculine gender is used the feminine and neuter shall be included. Section 2. No minor under fourteen years of age shall be employed or permitted to work in, about, or in connection with, any estab- lishment or in any occupation. Section 3. It shall be unlawful for any person to employ any minor between fourteen and sixteen years of age, unless such minor shall, during the period of such employment, attend, for a period or periods, equivalent to not less than eight hours each week, a school approved by the State Superintendent of Public Instruction. The school afore- said may be conducted in the establishment where said minor is employed, or in a public school building, or in such other place, either in the district in which said minor is employed or in any joint school authorized by section eighteen hundred and one (1801) of article eighteen (18) of an act, approved May the eighteenth, nineteen hun- dred and eleven (1911), entitled "An act to establish a public school 59 60 system in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, together with the pro- visions by which it shall be artministered, and prescribing penalties for the violation thereof ; providing revenue to establish and maintain the same, and the method of collecting such revenue; and repealing all laws, general, special, or local, or any parts thereof, that are or may be inconsistent therewith," as the board of school directors of the school district in which said minor is employed may designate: Provided, That the school district required by this act to maintain a continuation school may enter into an agreement with a district already maintaining an approved continuation school for the edu- cation of its continuation school pupils, upon such terms as the two boards of directors may mutually agree, said agreement to be valid only Avhen approved by the Superintendent of Public Instruction; Provided further, however, That such school shall be within reason- able access to said place of employment. Any school aforesaid shall be part of the public school system of the school district wherein said minor is employed, or of the school district or districts where said minor attends. The school hours shall not be on Saturday; nor before eight o'clock in the morning, nor after five o'clock in the afternoon, of any other day. Every person who shall employ any said minor shall notify the officer by Avhom the employment certifi- cate, as hereinafter provided for the said minor, shall have been issued, within four days after said minor shall have entered his em- ployment, of the name and location of the school at which said minor should be in attendance, and of the hours which said minor should attend said school during the continuance of said employment: Provided, That this section shall not be effective in any school district until there has been established, within said school district in which said minor is employed, or within reasonable access to said place of emplovment in an adjoining district, such a school. (Amend- ed April 27, i927, P. L. 442.) Section 4. No minor under sixteen years of age shall be permitted to work in, about, or in connection with any establishment, or in any occupation, for more than fifty-one hours in any one week, or more than nine hours in any one day, or before six o'clock in the morning, or after eight o'clock in the evening, of any day. In computing the maximum number of hours per day or per week permitted under this act, the hours spent in school by said minors shall be considered as part of the working day or working week. Section 5. No minor under sixteen years of age shall be employed or permitted to work in operating or assisting in operating any of the following machines, which, for the purposes of this act are considered dangerous: Paper-lace machines, Job or cylinder printing-presses operated by power other than foot-power; stamping machines used in sheet metal and tinware or in paper or leather manufacturing, or in washer and nut factories; metal or paper cutting machines; corrugating-rolls, such as are used in making corrugated paper, or in roofing or washboard factories ; dough-brakes, or cracker machinery of any description : wire or iron straightening or drawing machinery ; rolling-mill machinery; power punches or shears; washing or grind- ing or mixing machiner;\' ; calendar-rolls in paper and rubber manu- facturing or other heavy rolls driven by power; laundering mach- inery; upon or in connection with any dangerous electrical machinery or appliance. Nor shall any minor under sixteen years of age be em- 61 ployed or permitted to work, in any capacity, in adjusting or assist- ing in adjusting au}^ belt to any machinery, or in proximity to any hazardous or unguarded belts, machinery, or gearing, while the same is in motion ; nor on scaffolding ; nor in heavy work in the building trades; nor in stripping, assorting, or manufacturing to- bacco; nor in any tunnel; nor in a public bowling alley; nor in a pool or billard-room; nor in the manufacturing of paints, colors, or white-lead; nor in any capacity in preparing compositions in which dangerous leads or acids are used; nor in the manufacture or use of dangerous or poisonous dyes ; nor upon any railroad, steam, electric or otherwise; nor upon any boat engaged in the transporta- tion of passengers or merchandise; nor in operating motor-vehicles of any description ; nor in any anthracite or bituminous coal-mine, or in any other mine ; nor about blast-furnaces ; nor in or about any distillery, brewery or any establishment where alcoholic liquors are manufactured or bottled. No minor under eighteen years of age shall be employed or per- mitted to work in the operation or management of hoisting machines, in oiling or cleaning machinery, in motion ; in the operation or use of any polishing or buffing-wheel ; at switch-tending, at gate tending at track-repairing; as a brakeman, fireman, engineer, or motorman or conductor, upon a railroad or railway; as a pilot, fireman, or en- gineer upon any boat or vessel; in or about establishments wherein gunpowdei*, nitroglycerine, dynamite, or other high or dangerous ex- plosive, is manufactured or compounded; as a chauffer of an auto- mobile or an aeroplane. No minor shall be employed or permitted to work in, or in connec- tion with, any saloon or bar-room wTiere alcoholic liquors are sold. In addition to the foregoing, it shall be unlawful for any minor under eighteen years of age to be employed or permitted to work in any other occupation dangerous to the life or limb, or injurious to the health or morals, of the said minor, as such occupations shall, from time to time, after public hearing thereon, be determined and de- clared by the Industrial Board of the Department of Labor and Industry: Provided, That if it should be hereafter held by the courts of this Commonwealth that the power herein sought to be granted to the said board is for any reason invalid, such holding shall not be taken in any case to affect or impair the remaining pro- visions of this section. Section 6. No minor shall be permitted to work as messenger for a telephone, telegraph, or messenger company, in the distribution, collection, transmission, or delivery of goods or messages, before six o'clock in the morning or after eight o'clock in the evening of any day. Section 7. No male minor under twelve years of age, and no female minor, shall distribute, sell, expose, or offer for sale any news- paper, magazine, periodical, or other publication, or any article of merchandise of any sort, in any street or public place. No male minor under fourteen years of age, and no female minor shall be suffered, employed, or permitted to work at any time as a scavenger, bootblack, or in any other trade or occupation performed in any street or public place. No male minor under sixteen years of age, and no female minor, shall engage in any occupation mentioned in this section before six o'clock in the morning, or after eight o'clock in the evening, of any day. 62 Section 8. Before any minor under sixteen j^ears of age shall be employed, permitted or snffered to work in, about, or in connection with, any establishment, or in any occupation, the person employing such minor shall procure and keep on file, and accessible to any attendance officer, deputy factory inspector, or other authorized inspector or officer charged with the enforcement of this act, an employment certificate as hereinafter provided, issued for said minor. Section 9, Employment certificate shall be issued only by the following officials, for children residing Avithin their respective public school districts : In public school districts having a district super- intendent or supervising principal, by such superintendent or super- vising principal ; in school districts having no district superintendent or supervising principal, by the secretai'y of the board of school directors of that district: Provided, That any district superinten- dent, supein^ising principal, or secretary of the board of school direc- tors, hereby authorized to issue such certificates, may authorize and deputize, in writing, any other school official to act in his stead for the purpose of issuing such certificate. All employment certificates shall be forwarded by mail, by the issuing officer to the prospective employer of a minor for whom the employment certificate is issued. Section 10. Application for the employment certificate must be made in person, by the parent, guardian, or legal custodian of tlie minor for whom such employment certificate is requested; or, if said minor have no parent, guardian, or legal custodian, then by the next friend, who must be over tAventy-one years of age; and no em- ployment certificate shall be issued until the said minor has person- ally appeared before, and been examined by, the officer issuing the certificate. Section 11. Employment certificates shall be of two classes, — general employment certificates and vacation employment certifi- cates. General employment certificates shall entitle the minor, four- teen to sixteen years of age, to work during the entire year. Vaca- tion employment certificates shall entitle the minor, fourteen to six- teen years of age, to work on any day, except on such days as such minor is required to attend school, under the provisions of the laws now in force or hereafter enacted. Section 12. The official authorized to issue a general employ- ment certificate shall not issue such certificate until he has received, examined, approved, and filed the following papers namely: — a. A statement signed by the prospective employer, or by some one duly authorized on his behalf, stating that he expects to give such minor present employment, and setting forth the character of the same, and the number of hours per day and per week which said minor will be emploj' ed ; b. A school record, as hereinafter provided ; c. A certificate of physical fitness, as hereinafter provided; d. Proof of age, as hereinafter provided. Section 13. For the issuance of a general employment certificate, the school record required by this act shall be filled out and signed by the principal of the school which the minor has last attended, or by some one duly authorized by him, and shall be furnished to any minor who may be entitled thereto. It shall certify that the said minor has completed a course of study equivalent to six yearly grades of the public school, in the English language, spelling, reading, arith- 63 metic, geography, and history of the United States. Such school record shall also give the full name, date of birth, and residence of minor, and the name and residence of the parent, guardian, or cus- todian, as shown on the record of the school. Section 14. The certificate of physical fitness required by this act shall be signed by a physician, approved by the board of school directors of the school district in which minor resides, and shall state that the said minor has been thoroughly examined by the said physician at the time of the application for an employment certi- ficate, and is physically qualified for the employment specified in the Statement of the prospective employer. In any case where the said physician shall deem it advisable, he may issue a certificate of phy- sical fitness for a limited time; at the expiration of which time the holder shall again appear, and submit to a new examination, before being permitted to continue at work. Section 15. The evidence of age required by section twelve of this act shall consist of one of the following proofs of age, which shall be required in the order herein designated : — a. A duly attested transcript of the birth certificate, filed accord- ing to law with a register of vital statistics, or other officer charged with the duty of recording birth ; or, b. A baptismal certificate or transcript of record of baptism, duly certified, and showing the date of birth ; or, c. A passport showing the age of the immigrant ; or, d. In case none of the aforesaid proofs of age shall be obtainable, and only in such case, the issuing officer may accept, in lieu thereof, an}' other documentary record of age (other than a school record or an affidavit of age), or transcript thereof, duly certified, Avhicli shall appear to the satisfaction of the issuing officer to be good and suffi- cient evidence of age; or, e. In case none of the aforesaid proofs of age shall be obtainable, and only in such cases, the issuing officer may accept, in lieu thereof, the signed statement of the physician, approved by the Board of School Directors, stating that, after examination, it is the opinion of such physician that the minor has attained the age required by law for the occupation in which he expects to engage. Such statement shall be accompanied by an affidavit, signed by the minor's parent, guardian, or custodian, by his next friend, certifying to the name, date, and place of birth of the minor, and that the parent, guardian, custodian, or next friend, signing such statement, is unable to pro- duce any of the j)roofs of age specified in the preceding sub^divi- sions of this section. Section IG. The official authorized to issue a vacation employ- ment certificate shall not issue such certificate until he shall have received and filed the following papers, duly executed, namely: — a. A statement signed by the prospective employer, or by someone duly authorized on his behalf, stating that he expects to give such minor present employment, and setting forth the character of the same, and tlie number of hours per day and per week which said minor will be employed; b. A certificate of physical fitness, as provided in section fourteen of this act; 64 c. Evidence of age, showing that the said minor is fourteen years of age or upwards, which evidence of age shall be of similar character to the evidence heretofore specitied in section fifteen of this act. Section 17. It shall be the duty of every person who shall employ any minor under sixteen years of age to acknowledge, in writing, to the official issuing the same, the receipt of the employment certificate of said minor, within three days after the beginning of such employ- ment. On termination of the employment of a minor under sixteen years of age, the employment certificate issued for such minor shall be returned by mail, by the employer, to the official issuing the same, immediately upon demand of the minor for whom the certificate was issued, or, otherwise, within three days after termination of said employment. The official to whom said certificate is so re- turned shall file said certificate aud preserve the same. Any minor whose employment certificate has been returned, as above provided, shall be entitled to a new employment certificate upon presentation of a statement from the prospective employer, as hereinabove pro- vided, accompanied by a certificate of physical fitness, issued in the manner hereinabove provided and based upon a re-examination of said minor, and certifying that the minor is physically able to under- take the work for which the new employment certificate is to be issued. Section 18. All employment certificates shall be issued on forms supplied by the State Superintendent of Public Instruction, and shall contain the name and address of the prospective employer, and the nature of the occupation in which said minor is expected to en- gage; and no certificate shall be valid excepting in the hands of the employer so named, and for the occuj)ations so designated ; and shall state, the name, sex, date, and place of birth, place of residence, color of hair and eyes, and any distinguishing physical characteristics of the minor for whom it shall be issued. It shall certify that the minor named has personally appeared before the issuing officer, and has been examined; and that all the papers required by law have been duly examined, approved and filed; and that all the conditions and requirements for issuing an emploj^ment certificate have been fulfilled. Every certificate shall be signed, in the presence of the issuing officer, by the minor for whom it sliall be issued. The cer- tificate shall bear a number, shall show the date of its issue, and shall be signed by the issuing officer. Vacation employment cer- tificates shall be of a color different from the general employment certificate, and shall bear across their face the legend "Vacation Employment Certificate." Section 19. Whenever a certificate shall be refused to any minor, the school record issued to such minor shall be forwarded by the official refusing to issue the certificate, to the principal of the school which said minor shall attend, or to the compulsory attendance officer. Section 20. Whenever the State Superintendent of Public In- struction cannot secure efl'ective enforcement of the foregoing pro- visions of this act, in any school district, he is hereby authorized and required to report that fact to the State Board of Education. In such case the State Board of Education is authorized and required to secure such enforcement by appointing attendance officers in such districts. The salary and expenses of such attendance officers shall be a charge against said district where said attendance officers are 65 actually employed, and shall be deducted from any State moneys apportioned to said district for school purposes. Section 21. It shall be the duty of every person who shall em- ploy any minor, under the age of sixteen years, to post and keep posted, in a conspicuous place in every establishment wherein said minor is employed, permitted or suffered to work, a printed copy of the sections of this act relating to the hours of labor, and a list or lists of all minors employed under the age of sixteen years. Such copies of the sections of this act and blanks for compliance with the provisions shall be prepared by the Department of Labor and In- dustry, and be furnished by it on application of such employer. Every person employing minors under sixteen years of age shall furnish the employment certificates and lists, provided for in this act, for inspection, to attendance officers, factory inspectors, or other authorized inspectors or officers charged with the enforcement of this act. Section 22. Whenever any minor shall be employed or permitted to work in any establishment or at any occupation, who in the judg- ment of any officer charged with the enforcement of this act, is under the legal age for such Avork, or is working at a time forbidden by law for such minor; or whenever any minor shall be employed or permitted to work in, or in connection with, any establishment, who, in the judgement of any officer charged with the enforcement of this act, is under sixteen years of age, and for whom the person employ- ing or permitting such minor to work shall not have on file an em- ployment certificate; such officer may demand from the person em- ploying or permitting such minor to work that he shall either fur- nish to such officer, within ten days, evidence of age, as defined in section fifteen of this act, that such minor is in fact of legal age for the work in which he is engaged, or over, or sixteen years of age or over, as the case shall be, or shall cease to employ or permit such minor to work as aforesaid : Provided, That such person, by thus ceasing to employ or permit such minor to work, shall not be relieved from any of the fines or penalties provided in this act for the em- ployment or work of a minor contrary to law. In case such person shall fail to furnish to said officer, within ten days after the making of such demand, the required evidence of age, and shall thereafter employ such minor or permit him to work as aforesaid, proof of the making of such demand and of failure to produce the evidence re- quired shall be prima facie evidence of the illegal employment of such minor, in any prosecution brought therefor. Section 23. Any person, or any agent or any manager for any person, who shall violate any of the provisions of this act, or who shall compel or permit any minor to violate any of the provisions of this act, or who shall hinder or delay any officer in the performance of his duty in the enforcement of this act, shall, upon conviction thereof, be sentenced to pay a fine of not less than ten (|10.00) dol- lars nor more than two hundred (|200.00) dollars, or to undergo an imprisonment of not more than ten days, or both, at the discretion of the court. Section 24. It shall be the duty of the Commissioner of Labor and Industry, the attendance officers of the various school districts, and the police of the various cities, boroughs, and townships of this Commonwealth, to enforce the provisions of this act. Prosecutions 66 for violations of this act may be instituted by any factory inspector, attendance officer, or police officer, upon oath or aflfirmation. All prosecutions for violations of this act shall be in the form of sum- mary criminal proceedings, instituted before a magistrate, alderman, or Justice of the peace within the school district wherein the offense was committed. Upon conviction, after a hearing, the sentences pro- vided in this act shall be imposed. All fines collected under this act shall be paid into the State Treasury, for the use of the Common- wealth. Section 25, All acts or parts of acts inconsistent herewith be, and the same are hereby, repealed. Section 26. This act shall take effect on the first day of January, Anno Domini nineteen hundred and sixteen (1916). Approved— The 13th day of May, A. D. 1915. MARTIN G. BRUMBAUGH. 67 SPECIMENS OF SOME EMPLOYMENT FORMS Specimens of some employment forms are given below. All of these forms are furnished by the Child Helping and Accounting Bureau, Department of Public Instruction, free of charge to a school district upon the application of the issuing officer. The "Record of School Officials" shalF be filled out and sent to the Attendance Bureau, Department of Public Instruction by the secretary not later than September 15th of each year. Even, if the data cannot be supplied by that date, the card shall be sent, and additional data forwarded as elections occur. Form R-SO Commonwealth of Pennsylvania DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION CHILD HELPING AND ACCOUNTING BUREAU Harrisburg RECORD OF SCHOOL OFFICIALS 1927-1928 County District 1. Secretary Address 2. President Address 3. District Superintendent or Supervising Principal Address 4. Public School Ofiicial Deputized as Issuing Officer Address NOTE : — Be sure to check to the left the person to receive Employment Certificate Blanks and to issue employment certificates, age certificates, and permits. There shall be but one issuing officer in each school district. (Over) Reverse side of Form R-SO. To the Secretary : — Kindly fill out this card at once and forward it to the Child Helping and Accounting Bureau, Department of Public Instruction, Harrisburg, Pa. Employment certificates, permits, and age certificates shall be issued by the district superintendent, supervising principal, or secretary of the school board in the order named. Any one of these officials may deputize in writing an- other public school official to issue the indicated certificates and pemiits. In order that a deputized official may receive the necessary blanks due notice of his appointment should be forwarded to this Department on the Author- ization Blank, Form C-AB. If a principal is to be recognized as a supervising principal he must have the same qualifications as a superintendent and be designated supervising principal at a stated meeting of the board. Kindly indicate 1. Number of days in school term 2. Date set for beginning of Compulsory Attendance Period 3. Percent Compulsory Attendance period is of entire term 4. Chief Attendance Officer Address 5. Total number of attendance officers employed (Include Chief) (Over) 68 Eule M-21. "That to secure better administration of the Act No. 177 of 1915, it is required tliat minors who are sixteen and under eighteen years of age, on apph' ing for a position in any establishment, or in any occupation in this Commonwealth, shall present an age certificate authorized by the Attendance Bureau of the Department of Public Instruction and issued and signed by the proper officers of the local school board. Such certificate shall remain on file with the employer during said minor's term of employment to be returned to the minor when the term of employment ceases." Approved August 7, 1925. (USE INK) Commonwealth of Pennsylvania DEPARTMENT OP PUBLIC INSTRUCTION krv rcDTlcirATC ATTENDANCE BUREAU Rbt IbKllrllAlb Harrisburg No Name of Minor Last name first E\idence of age accepted (Cross out al l except the one accepted) (a) Birth Certificate (b) Baptismal Certificate (c) Passport (d) Other documentary record (e) Affidavit of parent or guardian accompanied by physician's statement of opinion as to the age of minor. Signature of Minor Name in full This is to certify that according to the records and above evidence of age filed in the office of the School District of the above named minor is 16 years of age or over. Issuing OflBcer Date Position Form AC DATE OP BIRTH Month 1 Day | Year ! i 1 Reverse side of Form AC. To the Employer This card is issued by the school district that the employer may have authentic evidence that the minor is 16 years of age or over. It should be required by the employer of every minor betvi^een. 16 an 18 years of age, as specified in ruling M-21 of the State Industrial Board. It should be kept on file while the minor is in his employ. To the Issuing Officer The evidences of age indicated on the face of this certificate should be required in the order given. Insist upon a birth certificate if available, either from the parent or the State Bureau of Vital Statistics, Harrisburg, Penna. The "Employment Certificate Report" shall contain the summary data of all "Employment Reports" for a district. The issuing officer shall send it to the Child Helping and Accounting Bureau, Department of Public Instruction, quarterly, for the quarters ending September 30, December 31, March 31, and June 30. 69 70 b g £ >> fa B. 1 p. o m 1 1 1 1 K M 1 ElcJa ?3° 4J 1-H o E > a*-> u ' S . 5ft^ o C V h rt o ft 3 C '- I i| = I ""^ i E,.E in V ft e T3 « « E E M 3 3 O c 2 !^ I &< o n g-e Accepted: tiflcate Certificate umentary record than school record) „ of parent or gxiardian accompanied by n's statement pq M f^ O " o u U V o o a o o2 a £ «* * S 5:1 a ■wC o o En 6^ X3 ^.£ § s s !2i ;?; ;?; -a ft §S ,Q bo a. 9 Sirs O « 4J ^ E? Q O C 71 The issuing officer shall send quarterly a copy of "Employment Report" to each employer of labor. The employer shall fill out the data required and return, the report to the issuing officer who shall transfer the data to "Report of Firms Employing Minors". 053 ■^3 3 t- a, i^ (■e ■11 ■§ tu) o ■- a ■l 2 > ft B m Hi ft Place of Besidcnce a E o xs a Is II « O ID ft S d C c i c a £ 3 72 "Request foi- Blanks" shall be used by the proper official in ordering supplies from the State. The form letters are defined as follows : PB-GEC — Preliminary blank for General Employment Certificate. GEO — General Employment Certificate. AC — Age Certificate. PB-VEC — Preliminary blank for Vacation Employment Certificate. VEC — Vacation Employment Certificate. A-PS — Parent's Affidavit and Physician's Statement. ER — Employment Report. A-FDS-EM — Emergency permit for Farm or Domestic Service. A-FDS-EX — Exemption permit for Farm or Domestic Service. REQUEST FOR BLANKS Signature of Official to Receive Order, School District Commonwealth of Pennsylvania DEPARTMENT OP PUBLIC* INSTRUCTION CHILD HELPING AND ACCOUNTING BUREAU, HARRISBUKG Title of official 'Superintendent ♦Supervising Principal ♦Secretary of District ♦Deputized OflBcial Post Office Address County Our School District will need the forms listed below for use in issuing employment certificates. No. to be sent Form Number No. to be sent Form Number No. to be sent Perm Number PB-GEC, Preliminary blanks PB-VEC, Preliminary blanks ER, Employment re- port GEC, General employ- ment certificate VEC, Vacation em- ployment certificate A-FDS-EM, Emergency permit AC, Age certificate A-PS, Affidavit physi cian's statement A-FDS-EX, Exemption permit Please retain this card for the next order. Fill out and return to the Child Helping and Accounting Bureau, before your supply is exhausted. Form C-RFB 1. 'Cross out three LIBRARY OF CONbRti>:>