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AN 
 
 ADDRESS, 
 
 IN COMMEMORATION OF THE 
 
 ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY 
 
 OF THE INCORPORATION OF THE 
 
 TOWN OF HTJBBAKDSTON, MASS., 
 
 II 
 
 - 
 
 DELIVERED JUNE 13th, 1867, 
 
 BY REV. JOHN M. STOWE, OF SULLIVAN, N. II. ; 
 
 A POEM, 
 
 PREPARED BY DEA. EPIIRAIM STOWE; 
 
 TOGETHER WITH OTHER / 
 
 PROCEEDINGS AND EXERCISES CONNECTED WITH THE OCCASION. 
 
 WITH AN 
 
 APPENDIX, 
 
 Containing a List of the Municipal, Officers 
 
 AND OTHER INTERESTING MATTER. 
 
 
 W O R C E S T E R : 
 
 Pi: TNT ED BY CHAS. HAMILTON. 
 
 PALLADIUM OFFICE. 
 
 18 (J 7 . 
 

CENTENNIAL ADDRESS, 
 
 JUNE 13, 1867. 
 
 Friends and Fellow Citizens of Hubbardston : 
 
 Wo congratulate you that the birthday of our native town 
 foils on this auspicious season. Hubbardston was born in 
 the most beautiful of the months ; when Flora, and Zephyros, 
 her fabled spouse, were in their full ascendency. We can 
 observe the exact day without one wish that it had been in 
 any other part of the year. As I have walked this beautiful 
 shaded street, and looked upon the flower plots in front 
 yards, with the woodbine and ivy climbing- over the doors, 
 and pinks and lilies and geraniums smiling through the win- 
 dow panes, and as I have seen the honeysuckle and hyacinth 
 and forget-me-not distilling the fragrance of affection over 
 the graves of the dear departed, I have inquired whether 
 this love of flowers and trees, which has always, character- 
 ized the people of this town, did not in part arise from the 
 fact that the place drew in the odor of flowers with its tirst 
 breath. 
 
 Doubtless the day was fixed without design, but we feel 
 its influence none the less. As we have left our varied pur- 
 suits and come home, from the north and the south, the east 
 and the west, to visit our mother once more, we find her 
 attired in her most beautiful holiday dress, more beautiful 
 and gorgeous on her centennial day than in her maiden life, 
 as if each passing summer had given its beauties into her 
 possession. As we have wended our way back to our native 
 village, after years of absence, over these hills and through 
 these winding valleys, it has been to us, one triumphal 
 
4 ADDRESS. 
 
 ovation, as when the victorious warrior of old returned to 
 find his path strewn with blossoms and palm branches. 
 Flowers have nodded and smiled to each other, and the rich 
 green trees have bowed in obeisance as we passed. Just 
 such summer breezes as of old have kissed our cheeks, and 
 we have seen the same butterflies we chased once with naked 
 feet. The wild pink of the woods has lost none of its for- 
 mer charms. The birds sing our welcome in the same tune 
 we admired in our childhood's days. The squirrel runs out 
 on the limb of the old tree, and chirps, as if he recognized 
 us as old acquaintances. The brook ripples just as when we 
 sought the spotted trout among its pebbles. Thus the very 
 circumstances of the season carry us back to the past, and 
 deepen the emotions, and hallow the impressions of the day. 
 Grove and field, pond and brook, reflect the sweet images of 
 early days. 
 
 This year summer seemed to linger in her coming, that she 
 might strew our path with her virgin blossoms, and this 
 beautiful day is God's own benediction upon the occasion. 
 In all our wanderings, the old homestead has never been 
 forgotten, and never was it dearer than to-day. We are 
 glad to be here, and our only regret is, that we have not a 
 richer tribute to bring with us. 
 
 As I am commissioned to speak in behalf of the resident 
 citizens, as well as those from abroad, I would repeat their 
 welcome. We are right glad to see you, and clasp your 
 hands once more. We welcome you to our hearts and 
 our homes, as well as to the festivities of this occasion. 
 Natives of Hubbardston, and you who have captivated her 
 fair daughters, — you who once dwelt in these houses and 
 tilled these fields, and you who have been drawn here by a 
 friendly interest, one and all, Welcome ! May none of you 
 ever blush to have it told that you was connected with this 
 town, by birth, residence or relationship. But as you go 
 back to your adopted homes, after revisiting the scenes of 
 early life, and reviving old acquaintance ; after sitting with 
 lather and mother, brothers and sisters again, around the 
 
ADDRESS. 
 
 old hearthstone, or at the long tabic, where once the unbro- 
 ken circle met, and after dropping a tear over the graves of 
 the dear ones whose presence we sadly miss, may you go 
 richer in precious memories, and better for this review of 
 by-gone scenes. 
 
 But one theme occupies our thoughts to-day. At every 
 fireside, and wherever friend meets friend, incidents and re- 
 miniscences of the town and its people, will be rehearsed. 
 I shall present no other subject than the history and charac- 
 ter of Hubbardston, through these hundred years. 
 
 Every thing that is valuable in this life is the result of 
 toil, sacrifice and suffering. All the privileges of this 
 favored generation have grown out of the labors and priva- 
 tions of those hardy pioneers Avho have lived before us. All 
 those benign institutions under which we find shelter and 
 repose, strike their roots deep into that soil which was 
 watered with the tears and the blood of our ancestors. 
 Every town has its own character as truly as the individual, 
 and that character is often as much the result of early im- 
 pressions. As we look over these pleasant homes and well- 
 cultivated farms, and walk through these streets, meeting 
 well-dressed and refined people, and view these churches 
 and school-houses, we know that this would never have 
 been realized, had not the early settlers denied themselves 
 all such comforts, as they plunged into the depths of the 
 dark forests which covered this whole territory. They 
 dwelt in the rudest cabins, subsisting on the coarsest fare, 
 depending upon the wild game of the woods for their meat. 
 The nightly serenade of the Hubbardston Band then, was by 
 the howling wolf and the hooting owl. The surly bear 
 looked in at the door and growled at the children in the era- 
 die. For twenty or thirty years after the settlement of this 
 town, wolves and bears infested these forests. Yet with 
 brave hearts and strong hands, these men cleared the woods 
 and laid the foundation for coining generations ; not for 
 themselves, but for U8. The axe and the gun were the pio- 
 neers of all this civilization and refinement. 
 
ADDRESS. 
 
 It is not only fitting, therefore, that we pay an hon- 
 est tribute to the heroic deeds and manly virtues of the 
 fathers, but it is important also that we gather up and pre- 
 serve the records, so that children's children may know 
 what has been done for them. Some of the ancient nations 
 saw so much the importance of a brilliant history to set 
 before their young men, that where the record was obscure, 
 or lacking in brilliant deeds, they supplied the deficiency 
 with glowing fable. In some countries it was the custom to 
 bring out the boys, at certain seasons, and show them the 
 works of their fathers, and tell them of all the brilliant 
 achievements of the past, that they might be inspired to do 
 and dare. Such is the influence and importance of history. 
 
 Our annals to-day, must be simple and unpretending. 
 We have but little of thrilling incident or romantic adven- 
 ture to relate. Time has drawn a veil over many things. 
 Much that we would be glad to recite can never be known, 
 for none 'are left to relate it. Dust and mould have gathered 
 over the names of many whose influence was once promi- 
 nent here. Even the graves of some of them are as obscure 
 as that of Alaric, King of the Goths, who caused a deep 
 river to be turned from its channel ; his grave was dug in its 
 bed, and after he was buried the river was restored to its 
 course again, and all the prisoners Avho did the work were 
 slain, that none should know where he rested. So we know 
 not the resting place of some of the fathers. 
 
 This town is located apart from the great marts of busi- 
 ness, and thoroughfares of travel, with little to attract the busy 
 world. We have been left much like Sancho, in the story of 
 Cervantes. In his journey he fell soundly asleep in his 
 saddle. Then there came a Frenchman and quietly lifted 
 the saddle, and propped it up on both sides, and then stole 
 away the beast from under him. 
 
 So our beast has departed. First came a railroad which 
 lifted the saddle on the south side. Then a railroad which 
 lifted it on the north side, and the two props put under, 
 were two railroads located through town, but never to be 
 
ADDRESS. 
 
 built. Thus the long array of teams and stage coaches 
 which ouce rumbled through these streets, aud drove up to 
 these hotels, giving much of life and bustle to the place, arc 
 seen no more. Yet we have a "habitation and a name" 
 which need no embellishment of fable. 
 
 Even the retirement of the place is genial to many hearts. 
 
 " How blest is he who crowns, in shades like these, 
 A youth of labor with an age of ease." 
 
 These secluded towns have an importance which is some- 
 times overlooked. They are the nurseries of civilization, 
 virtue, and piety for the whole land. From these farm 
 plants have been taken the slips which have caused the prai- 
 ries of the West to bud and blossom like the rose. New 
 England enterprise, New England virtue, New England 
 principle, have given to the great West the position which it 
 now holds. 
 
 The lament in all these towns is, that the best, the enter- 
 prising young men emigrate. Let them go, and rejoice in 
 the part you are thus taking in moulding the character, and 
 shaping the destiny of the whole country. No place stands 
 so high in the scale of importance, as that whose principal 
 product and export is men. 
 
 Some years ago, in an obscure pasture on one of the 
 slopes of Burnshirt Hill, there sprung up, implanted, a 
 little apple tree. For years it struggled for life against 
 summer drought and winter storms, and browsing of cattle. 
 At length it bore fruit, and of such quality as to attract 
 attention. Thus originated the world-renowned "Hubbard- 
 ston None-such." So from these obscure hills and valleys 
 may come men whose influence will be equally wide-spread. 
 It is a fact worthy of note, that the men who now take the 
 lead in all departments of the nation have sprung up in 
 just such rural homes as these. Our sons and daughters 
 are found everywhere, and in that glorious day which is 
 surely coming, when the clear, calm sky of freedom shall 
 
8 ADDRESS. 
 
 bend its genial arch over all nations, and kindred, and people, 
 and when angelic voices shall sing 
 
 u That song of triumph which records 
 That all the earth is now the Lord's,'' 
 
 we believe it will be seen that our influence was not lost in 
 hastening that day. 
 
 There are a few things in the history of the town which 
 partially obscure our fair fame, — scenes of strife and 
 controversy, which I shall only reproduce so far as faithful- 
 ness demands. Let the waters of oblivion roll over them. 
 We prefer to remember, and transmit to our children only 
 what is pure and lovely and of good report. And when I 
 allude to these things, I shall endeavor to twine the ivy, 
 or weave the olive branch around the scars and defacements, 
 rather than to expose them. I deem it no part of my duty 
 to-day, to probe any wounds which time has healed, nor to 
 uncover any deformities, the memory of which these years 
 have overgrown. 
 
 Yet, though some evils have grown out of the excitable 
 temperament of the people, with pleasure we record the 
 fact, that there have been but few great crimes ever com- 
 mitted in town, and but few notoriously bad men raised 
 here. We were obliged to own "Old Grimes" as one of our 
 sons, even after Worcester took possession of his ears. 
 Yet at this day we look upon hirm as a man exceedingly 
 weak in mind, and weaker in moral sense, rather than as a 
 great rascal. Besides, he was not born in town. 
 
 We have no Indian history to relate. There is no evi- 
 dence that the native red man ever had a home or settle- 
 ment within these bounds, or that he ever molested any of 
 the people. Yet it is evident that he was well acquainted 
 with this whole region, and that he had here important hunt- 
 ing and fishing grounds. The ponds, to this day, bear the 
 names which he gave them, only that the beautiful Asnacou- 
 comick has been corrupted into Comet Pond. At Nasha- 
 way, afterwards Lancaster, there was a large Indian settle- 
 
ADDRESS. 9 
 
 uieiit of the Narragansett tribe, and later another at Xiehe- 
 waug, now Petersham. From Lancaster to the foot of the 
 "Greate Wachusette" there was a path, and from there it 
 branched off on both sides of the mountain, one on the 
 north and the other on the south, but both leading to Niche- 
 waug. The southern path, undoubtedly, lay through this 
 town, passing near to Comet Pond, then near to where Benja- 
 min D. Phelps lives, and thence to Burnshirt Hill, and near 
 Burnshirt river it probably met the other path. Near the 
 pond just named, there are the remains of an old chimney, 
 or rude fireplace, built of stone. Here probably they had a 
 wigwam, as a sort of half-way house in their journey through 
 the wilderness. It is probable that Mrs. Rowlandson, the 
 wife of the first minister of Lancaster, the story of whose 
 captivity and treatment by the Indians was one of the mar- 
 vellous books of our boyhood, passed down this path to 
 Waehusett when she was ransomed and returned to her 
 friends. In the records of the proprietors of Petersham is the 
 following, made in 1734. Voted to give Capt. Jonas Hough- 
 ton a sum of money, "for making the road so feasible, from 
 Lancaster along the North side of Waehusett, to the meet- 
 ing of the other path which goes from the aforesaid Lancas- 
 ter, along on the South side of Waehusett, as to carry com- 
 fortably with four oxen four barrels of cider at once." 
 
 Hay ward, in his Gazetteer, probably quoting from some 
 old history, says, " around Moose Horn Pond, there is 
 every appearance that there was once a stone wall built, or 
 building. In some places the wall is two feet and a half 
 high, as if laid up with men's hands ; and where there is not 
 one stone left upon another, the appearance is of a large wall 
 thrown down." But good judges, who have examined these 
 stones, are of opinion that there is nothing here more than 
 might be produced by natural causes. As we can conceive 
 of no reason for building such a wall, the presumption is 
 that it is not artificial. 
 
 But just over our northern boundary, in what is known 
 as " mine hill," is a remarkable cave or room, extending fifty- 
 
10 ADDRESS. 
 
 seven feet into the solid rock, with a very narrow entrance. 
 In the rock, overhead, the marks of drills are still plainly 
 visible, and there are, in the region, the remains of an old 
 well, and other evidences which prove it to be an artificial 
 cave, and made long before there was any settlement here ; 
 when, or by whom excavated, will probably forever remain a 
 mystery. My grandfather, who removed from Concord to 
 this town more than seventy years ago, heard a tradition in 
 his boyhood, which he supposed threw some light upon the 
 matter. In that region were one or two merchants, who 
 traded largely with the Indians. At one time these Indians 
 brought, what seemed to be valuable ore, and these men, 
 under their guidance, fitted out a company to go and secretly 
 explore the mine. They were gone three or four months, 
 but where, was kept a secret. The next year they went 
 again, and were absent about the same length of time. 
 They brought specimens of the ore, which were sent to 
 England and analyzed, but not proving valuable, the expe- 
 dition was abandoned, and these men dying soon after, the 
 place of their operations was not divulged. It is not alto- 
 gether improbable that this may have been the spot. This 
 is about all we ever heard of the connection of Indians with 
 this place. 
 
 On the 22d of December, 1686, Henry Willard, Joseph 
 Rowlandson, Joseph Foster, Benjamin Willard, and Cyprion 
 Stevens, purchased of certain Indians, who claimed to be 
 the owners of the soil, a tract of land twelve miles square, 
 with very indefinite boundaries, which was known by the 
 name of Naquag, and is described as composed of "Med- 
 ows, Swamps, Timbers, Etervils." For this they paid 
 £23. The deed was not recorded till April 14th, 1714, in 
 Middlesex County. 
 
 This purchase included what is now Rutland, a portion of 
 Paxton, Oakham, Barre, Hubbardston, and the largest half 
 of Princeton, and contained 93,160 acres, including 1000 
 acres already granted to Hon. Samuel Sewell. This would 
 make the original cost of the land less than one mill per acre. 
 
ADDRESS. 11 
 
 In 1713, on petition of the sons and grandsons of Simon 
 Willard, the General Court confirmed this title, provided 
 "that within seven years, sixty families be settled thereon, 
 with sufficient quantity of land reserved for the use of the 
 gospel ministry and for schools." 
 
 In December, 1715, the proprietors, who now numbered 
 thirty -three, voted "to survey and set off into lots the con- 
 tents of six miles. square, to be granted to settlers in order 
 to secure the performance of the conditions of the confirma- 
 tion of the title." This tract was what is now Rutland, and 
 a part of Paxton. They then laid out sixty-two house-lots 
 of thirty acres each, which were offered to permanent set- 
 tlers, with the promise that the remainder of the land should 
 be divided among them, in case the sixty families were set- 
 tled within the prescribed seven years. This was the case, 
 and thus the proprietors gave up all their right in one fourth 
 part of the original purchase, and continued to manage the 
 other three-fourths according to the laws relating to proprie- 
 tors, till 1749, when the northwest quarter was incorporated 
 into a separate district, called the Rutland District, now the 
 town of Barre. 
 
 The portion which is now Hubbardston bore the name of 
 the North-East Quarter. What is now Oakham, was the 
 West Wing, and what is now Princeton, was the East 
 Wing. 
 
 This North-East Quarter contained something over 23,000 
 acres, which, acording to the cost of the whole purchase, 
 would be worth about $18. You will observe here, that the 
 very feature of the township which made it of so little value 
 then, has since been the great source of its wealth, in fact, 
 that which has made it what it is. It was because it was 
 covered with dense, unbroken forests. The first settlers 
 lived in the woods. Their descendants have lived by the 
 profit of the woods. These forests were then regarded as 
 the greatest possible incumbrance, and every means was re- 
 sorted to to prostrate and destroy them. In the spring they 
 set fires and burned over large tracts, in order that grass and 
 
12 
 
 ADDRESS. 
 
 green herbs might grow for the cattle, which were driven up 
 from the lower towns in great numbers, to pasture. One 
 terrible accident occurred in consequence. In May, 1781, 
 fire was running in the woods near the house of Joseph Par- 
 menter, and a fresh breeze was spreading the flames. Mrs. 
 Parmenter ran to Mr. James Thompson's, about 200 rods, 
 for help, leaving her children, one three years old, and one 
 a year old, in the house. She hastened back with all possi- 
 ble speed, but as she came in sight of the house, it was all 
 in flames, and she was so evercome that she sunk down just 
 where she was, unable to proceed further. Both the children 
 were consumed. 
 
 The Natty Pond Meadows, now some of the most worth- 
 less lands in town, were considered some of the most valu- 
 able by the early settlers, because they never had much 
 timber on them, and bore considerable quantities of hay. 
 Of so little value was wood, long after the town was 
 incorporated, that many men made it their business to cut 
 down the trees and burn them on the ground, that potash 
 might be made from the ashes. This was about the only 
 article they could sell for money. But worthless as these 
 forests once were, if the whole tract had remained unsettled 
 and untouched till uow, with the same progress all around 
 us, probably all the property now in town, and all our cousins 
 who visit us to-day, could invest, would not purchase it. 
 Very few towns, so elevated, have so many valuable mill 
 privileges. This, with the abundance of good timber, and 
 that quality of the soil which so readily reproduces the for- 
 est after being cleared, has given to this town its impor- 
 tance. The words of the Psalmist are true of this place, 
 " A man was famous according as he had lifted up axes upon 
 thick trees." 
 
 In 1737, the proprietors, in order to divide this North- 
 East Quarter among themselves, decided to lay it out into 
 68 house-lots, of one hundred acres each, and 33 great farms, 
 of live hundred acres each, which would give two house-lots 
 and one great farm for each share, besides the reserved 
 
ADDRESS. 13 
 
 lands. The same year the house-lots, and one of sixty acres, 
 and another of seven acres, were surveyed. Bel ore proceed- 
 ing to the division, they ordered that lot No. 21 "be 
 assigned to the first learned and orthodox minister, who shall 
 be ordained, and settled in the ministry in this place, provi- 
 ded he shall continue seven years, or until the day of liis 
 death, to his heirs and assigns forever." This lot lay in what 
 is now the very centre of the town, embracing the Common, 
 the Old Cemetery, and the lots on which the buildings now 
 stand for considerable distance around. 
 
 They also ordered that lot No. 30 be set apart, and re- 
 main unalienated, for the use of schools in town. This lot 
 was sold in 1796, for $1273, and was the origin of the pre- 
 sent school fund of the town. 
 
 The lot of GO acres was given to Eleazer Brown, who was 
 then living upon it, on condition "that he or his heirs dwell, 
 and keep a house thereon, for the entertainment of travellers, 
 for the space of seven years." This lot was located where 
 the farm of Thomas Temple has since been, and was the first 
 settlement in town. 
 
 The seven-acre lot was granted for a meeting-house and 
 common, and was situated on the top of the hill, north-east 
 of the old burial ground. But when the people afterwards 
 began to talk of building a meeting-house, they saw the in- 
 convenience of the location, and made an exchange with 
 Eev. Mr. Parker, who was in possession of the minister's 
 lot, giving him the seven acres, and taking half that amount 
 where the common now is. Mr. Parker's house stood on 
 this spot. After settling these preliminaries, the division 
 was made by drawing lots. 
 
 Early the next year the great farms were laid out, and 
 finding that there was still a surplus of land, they ordered 
 that a farm of 150 acres of the choicest and best land 
 remaining be given to the first minister, on the same condi- 
 tions as before prescribed. This lot was located on the 
 south side of Comet Pond, and contained xrvy large mea- 
 sure. The remainder was divided into twelve small farms 
 
14 ADDRESS. 
 
 from fifty to ninety acres each, which, according to the 
 record, were distributed "to qualify the greater farms," 
 which means probably to equalize the shares in value. In 
 this survey also, they reserved strips of land six rods wide, 
 between two tiers of forms, the whole length of the town, 
 for roads. This land has since been incorporated into the 
 adjoining farms, thus giving to each hundred acre farm an 
 extra 300 rods of land. 
 
 In June, 1738, when the final division was made, one 
 small farm of fifty-seven acres was granted to Rev. Thomas 
 Prince, in consideration of his great services performed for 
 the proprietors, and another to Adam Winthrop for the same 
 consideration. Mr. Prince was for forty years pastor of the 
 Old South Church in Boston, and was a very distinguished 
 divine. By inheritance, he became a large land holder in 
 the East Wing of Rutland, and as Gov. Gill married his 
 daughter, and inherited his estate, he probably caused this 
 tract to take the name of his distinguished father-in-law. 
 Hence the name of Princeton. 
 
 Adam Winthrop was for many years Moderator of the 
 Proprietors. 
 
 When this final division of the farms was made, such had 
 been ths changes in twenty -five years, since the confirmation 
 of the title, that only two of thirty -three original owners 
 remained to claim their shares. 
 
 Active measures were taken for the settlement of what is 
 now the town of Barre. Several grants of land were made, 
 on condition that houses should be erected on them, and 
 large appropriations were also made to build a bridge over 
 Ware River, to clear out the road to Niche waug line, and to 
 provide preaching. But it does not appear that the proprie- 
 tors ever made any special efforts for the settlement of this 
 North-East Quarter. Still the course they pursued with 
 their purchase, as a whole, shows that they were men of 
 large views and a liberal policy. The same policy which 
 led them to give away one-fourth of all their lands, to 
 actual settlers, and to make liberal outlays for other portions, 
 
ADDRESS. 15 
 
 was doubtless intended to apply to this part also. They 
 foresaw that if the southerly and westerly portions, which 
 were most accessible, should become settled, the tide of civ- 
 ilization would soon flow over this tract also. The size and 
 shape in which the town was laid out, six miles square, with 
 the reservation of lands for schools, roads, parsonage and 
 common, show that they contemplated making this as im- 
 portant a township as any of the others. 
 
 The territorial bounds of the town remain the same as the 
 original survey, except that one five hundred acre farm in 
 the South-East Corner was set off to Princeton in 1810. I 
 suppose this was one of the /fathers which naturally clung to 
 the east wing when that was cut off. 
 
 Not one of these proprietors ever settled here, and yet their 
 influence lives after them. The very policy which they pur- 
 sued in regard to these wild lands has greatly affected the 
 prosperity of the place even down to the present time. 
 
 The old Romans, to conceal the meanness of their origin, 
 claimed to have descended from the gods, and gloried in the 
 brilliancy of their fabulous history. We claim no such high 
 origin. Our ancestors were neither divinities, nor very re- 
 markable men, though we believe they were honest, brave, 
 and true men, men who labored for the welfare of succeed- 
 ing generations. We shall resort to no fiction in describing 
 the first settlers, but give you the simple facts as we find 
 them. 
 
 As we have already said, the first settler was Eleazer 
 Brown, who came here with his family as early as 1737, and 
 continued the only settler till the time of his death in 1746, 
 about nine years. Mr. Read, in his history of Rutland, 
 says, "Mrs Brown had the resolution and fortitude to 
 remain on the settlement for several years after the death of 
 her husband, before there were any other inhabitants, and, 
 for a number of years it was called c Widow Brown's 
 Farm.'" 
 
 Of the character of Mr. Brown we know but little, but 
 it would seem from facts already stated, that his business 
 
16 ADDRESS. 
 
 was to keep a hotel. For a man to move out here into an 
 unbroken wilderness, inhabited only by deer, bears and 
 wolves, with no roads, except the path before described, and 
 erect his log hut five or six miles away from any neighbors, 
 for the purpose of keeping a house of entertainment, would 
 seem almost like Cain attempting to keep tavern in the land 
 of Nod. But when we reflect that this was at the time- 
 when companies of men were engaged in surveying the 
 country, and many were looking it over with reference to 
 purchase or settlement, that these forests were valuable 
 hunting grounds to the sportsmen, and these ponds were 
 attractive to the angler, and remember also that the Valley of 
 the Connecticut was then the far west to the eastern towns, 
 and that this may have been the main thoroughfare for the 
 conveyance of cider to the new settlements, we may believe 
 that his house had as many guests as some houses of enter- 
 tainment at the present day. 
 
 It seems that he was faithful in his business, and exhibited 
 true benevolence, for in the Proprietors' Records for 1743, 
 we find the following minute, "Whereas Eleazer Brown, for 
 securino- travellers from beino; lost in storms, was settled in 
 the N. E. Quarter of Rutland, and has dwelt there six years, 
 and undergone considerable difficulty in so doing, therefore 
 voted, that for the encouragement of said Brown, Mr. John 
 Caldwell be desired to purchase a good Milch Cow, for the 
 use of said Brown, and that he be paid therefor out of the 
 proprietors' stock." The record also adds, "Mr. Caldwell 
 informs that he is ready to deliver Mrs. Brown either of 
 his cows which she may choose, for £16" (old tenor.) This 
 shows human nature to have been much the same 125 years 
 ago as now. Mr. Caldwell improved the opportunity to 
 make a good sale of one of his own cows, and Mrs. Brown 
 appears as chief manager of the firm of Brown & Co., Inn- 
 holders. 
 
 From all we can gather, we judge that Mrs. Brown was 
 well fitted for her position, — hardy, resolute, and masculine 
 
ADDRESS. 17 
 
 iu her character.* Though we may suppose that her house 
 was not furnished, nor kept, after the style of the Astor or 
 Parker House, yet it is said that she sometimes had wealthy, 
 and distinguished guests from Boston. At one time she had 
 several such gentlemen to dine with her, and she prepared 
 the best dinner in her power. After they were all seated, 
 she took her place as table-waiter. They dispatched their 
 pudding first, which was the fashion till within the last half 
 century, and one of them, who was a little more fastidious 
 than the others, wanted a clean plate for his meat. As she 
 could not furnish one, she took his quickly to the side of the 
 room, washed it, probably in cold water, and returned it, 
 all dripping, to its place. As he did not quite fancy that, 
 she reached over his shoulder, took it again, and catching up 
 the bottom of her short gown, wiped it and returned it. He, 
 not seeing the operation, now relished his dinner, and those 
 on the other side of the table did not describe the dish towel 
 till dinner was over. If we shudder at such rudeness, we 
 must remember that she was the smartest, handsomest, and 
 most accomplished lady in town — the very elite of the place. 
 I cannot say how far the plain, practical character, and rough 
 sense of this woman, have influenced the prevailing senti- 
 ments of the town, but one striking characteristic of the 
 place has always been the general equality of the people. 
 The spirit of caste has never flourished in this town. The 
 people have always associated on a common level, without 
 stately airs or ceremonious etiquette. 
 
 On the 25th of November, 1746, Mr. Brown left his home 
 to hunt in the woods, but never returned. On the 17th of 
 January, having been missing fifty-three days, his dead body 
 was found about three miles from home, near the line of 
 Barre, bleaching in the northern blasts. His gun stood by 
 the side of a tree, and a large buck deer lav dead by his 
 
 *Mr. Brown used to take cattle from the lower towns, let them run in Che 
 woods, guard, and salt them. At the sound of a conch-shell they would collect. 
 Mrs. Brown, alter her husband's death, would take her gun, mount her horse, 
 ride along the cattle's paths, and by the sound of her conch-shell collect them, 
 and, when necessary, pass over Ware River to Rutland. 
 
 3 
 
18 ADDRESS. 
 
 side. All else is conjecture. Of Mrs. Brown we hear no- 
 thing after 1749, when she was living at the same place. 
 
 It is probable that not many years passed after the death 
 of Mr. Brown, before other settlements were made. Molly 
 Green, daughter of Israel Green, has always been reported 
 to have been the first child born in town. She died in 
 1826, supposed to be 77 years old. If so, Mr. Green must 
 have settled here as early as 1749. He lived on great farm, 
 No. 26, near what is now the residence of Luke Waite., 
 He remained in town about twenty years, and the first two 
 years after the incorporation, his name appears as Modera- 
 tor, Constable, Assessor, and Selectman. This is the last 
 we hear of him, and suppose he left town about this time. 
 The daughter, Molly, became enfeebled in body and mind, 
 and returned to be supported by the town. 
 
 Several years before the incorporation of the district,* 
 Charles Parmenter, Joseph Rist and Joseph Eveleth resided 
 here ; having located more for the purpose of hunting than 
 for clearing up the land. Benj. Hoyt also came early to 
 town, and commenced to clear a farm, the one now occu- 
 pied by Mr. Lamphear, and built a large barn in 1 764. 
 In 1761 Joseph Grimes and four sons, one of whom was 
 the celebrated Ephraim Grimes, came from Tewksbury, and 
 the next year Stephen Heald came from Rutland. During 
 1766 several families came from Marlborough, Leicester 
 and Holden, and commenced settlements in different parts 
 of the town. These latter came with the definite object of 
 making this their home, and devoting themselves to the 
 formation of society and the establishment of a town. Now 
 things began to assume a positive shape and character. 
 
 Efforts had before been made to obtain a charter as a sepa- 
 rate District, with the powers and privileges of a town, 
 but the number of families was so small, their request was 
 refused. Now they petitioned with renewed zeal, till they 
 
 * This town was never incorporated as a town. As a district they had all 
 the privileges of a town, except that they united with Rutland in their repre- 
 sentation to the General Court. 
 
ADDRESS. 19 
 
 accomplished their purpose.* On the 13th day of June, 
 17(i7, the N. E. Quarter of Rutland was incorporated into a 
 separate district, taking the name of Hubbardston, from 
 Hon.. Thomas Hubbard, one of the original proprietors. 
 He was long a prominent man in Boston. At one time 
 Speaker of the House of Representatives. For seventeen 
 years Treasurer of Harvard College. As his name appears 
 among the proprietors of some of the neighboring towns, 
 and as treasurer of the proprietors of Eoyalston, we judge 
 that he was an extensive land-holder. 
 
 Tradition says, that in view of the honor of giving his 
 name, to the town, he promised to give the glass for the first 
 meeting-house, and that the people of the town, to make his 
 liberality more conspicuous, planned for an extra number of 
 very large windows. But he died in 177o, and his estate 
 was so much involved that they received nothing, and they 
 were obliged to glaze their extra windows themselves, — an- 
 other example of men standing in their own light. 
 
 It would be very interesting to go back and take a look 
 at the town in its physical and moral aspect, as it appeared 
 at the beginning of its corporate life, that we might more 
 fully realize the changes of a century ; but with all available 
 data it is impossible to re-produce the picture, except in a 
 very limited degree. So far as can be ascertained, there 
 were about thirty families and one hundred and fifty per- 
 sons here at that time. We cannot now tell where they all 
 came from, nor on what farms they were all settled, but they 
 were scattered in different parts of the town. In all these 
 towns, for obvious reasons, the hills were sought as the first 
 places for clearing. This will account for all the old roads 
 running over the highest hills. Settlements were made, 
 then paths cut out from one to another, and these paths 
 gradually ffrew into roads. 
 
 *The petition bears date Jan. 28, lTiiT. in which the petitioners say "that the 
 said North-Ea>t Quarter of Rutland is of the contents of six miles square of 
 land capable of making a very good town." The reasons they set forth for ask- 
 ingto lie incorporated, are that they have'no mads and no means of making 
 them, and they are so far from the public worship of God, in Rutland. 
 
20 ADDRESS. 
 
 Many of the adjoining towns were settled before this, and 
 families came over and located near the border. 
 
 At that time, where this beautiful village now stands, there 
 were only three or four rude dwellings, and these streets 
 were a dense forest. There were no roads, except bridle 
 paths, (or " bridal roads," as some of the records describe 
 them), through the forests, followed by the help of marked 
 trees. There were no bridges over the streams. No stores, 
 no post office, no meeting house, no school house, no mills. 
 The families had but few of the comforts we now enjoy. 
 There was no public conveyance to any place. The first stage- 
 coach in America commenced running in 1772, from Boston 
 to Providence, a distance of forty-one miles, and was two 
 days in making the journey. Scarcely a spot now remains 
 as it then was. The lords of the forests have fallen and 
 saplings grow in their places. We sadly regret the indis- 
 criminate slaughter of the old trees. Their value was not 
 simply in the number of feet of lumber they would make. 
 They were links with former generations. They were mor- 
 al teachers. If these hills and valleys had been naked of 
 forests, or covered only with shrub oaks and alders, I do 
 not believe the early settlers would have been the men of 
 large hearts and noble ideas they were. There is some- 
 thing in the stately oak, and the towering pine, that awak- 
 ens lofty sentiments and high purposes. Let the same old 
 trees, which sheltered the fathers from the storms, spread 
 their genial shade over the children, and they will have a 
 hallowing influence. I know this town has done nobly in 
 setting trees to beautify the place. But another century 
 must pass before these can be surrounded with the tender 
 associations of many of those which have gone. If any of 
 these old land-marks are still left, we would say, 
 
 " Woodman, spare that tree, 
 Touch not a single bough." 
 
 There is not one building now standing that was erected 
 a hundred years ago, except a portion of the house where 
 Charles Hinds now lives. 
 
ADDRESS. 21 
 
 The first spot occupied as a burial place, was on the west 
 side of the common, near the hay scales. Whether the dusl 
 of those buried there was removed, or still reposes beneath 
 the green turf, we do not know : but suppose we could call 
 forth one of the inmates of those graves and show him Ilnb- 
 bardston as it now is in contrast with his recollections of 
 it. Take him to this stand, and show him this vast assem- 
 blage of the natives of the town. Take him over the village 
 and point out the neat dwellings and public buildings, and 
 the fruitful tarms all around. Take him into the homes of 
 the people and show him how they live. Give him a seat 
 on the sofa in your nicely furnished parlor, and play him a 
 tune upon the piano. Point out to him the fashions of the 
 day, some of which have a beauty of extreme minuteness. 
 Go into the several cemeteries, where so many hundred mon- 
 uments keep their silent vigils over the precious dust of 
 hundreds, who have been born and died since he lay down to 
 sleep ; and tell him that instead of these places being 
 shrouded with gloom and dread, they are the places of most 
 public resort. In short, show him Hubbardston of to-day, 
 and would he not sigh and say, "This is not Hubbardston 
 as I knew it ! How changed ! How strange ! Let me 
 sleep on, for I am not at home here." 
 
 The first town meeting under the new charter was held 
 July 3d, 1767, at the house of Edward Rice, who lived near 
 the present residence of Hervey Clark. The call was is- 
 sued by John Murray, Esq., of Rutland, a Justice of the 
 Peace for the County of Worcester. He was chosen Mod- 
 erator, and John LcBourveau, Clerk, Israel Green, Benj. 
 Nurs, and Benj. Hoyt, Selectmen and Assessors, and Ezekiel 
 Newton, Treasurer. 
 
 On the same day the Selectmen issued their warrant for 
 another meeting, to be held at the same place, on (he L5th 
 of the same month, to raise money to build the county road 
 from Templeton to Rutland, which had just been laid out. 
 This was the old road leading over the "Muzzy Hill," 
 through the village, and by where Isaac Mundell now lives. 
 
22 ADDRESS. 
 
 This was the first public road, and for more than sixty years 
 remained the great thoroughfare from Vermont, through 
 Keene and Worcester, to Rhode Island. 
 
 At this meeting, the sum of £16, or about $53, was 
 granted to clear out the road. This could not have been 
 so much as eight dollars to the mile. Soon after, a con- 
 tract was made with Stephen Hcald, to build a bridge over 
 the branch of the Ware river, for $33. This was near where 
 Brigham's mills now are. 
 
 On the 20th of the same month, another meeting was 
 held, at which provision was made for a school, to keep 
 three months in the coining winter ; one month at the 
 house of David Slanow, where Albert and Edwin Bennett 
 now live ; one month at the house of Edward Rice, before 
 named ; and one month at the house of Adam Wheeler, the 
 present residence of William Joslin. These schools were 
 attended by nearly all the boys in the town. 
 
 If you ask why the girls did not attend these schools, we 
 can only answer, that in those days it was expected that the 
 men would do the business which required education. That 
 was before the agitation of woman's rights, and the young 
 ladies, even in the F. F. V.'s, were educated more on the 
 spinning-wheel and the loom than in Algebra and Astron- 
 omy.* Their accomplishments were more in milking the 
 cows and making golden butter, than in music, French and 
 drawing ; though in one modern accomplishment — horse- 
 back riding — we think they would excel even the experts of 
 the present day. Some of the mothers now living we know 
 to have ridden from Watertown and Newton to this place, 
 on horse-back and on a man's saddle, in a single day. 
 
 We suspect that another reason why some of the girls 
 did not attend these schools, was because they had no shoes 
 to wear. Besides, perhaps, the provision was made on the 
 supposition that the boys would naturally embrace the girls. 
 
 We see that the charter of the town was not regarded as 
 
 * Gov. Bullock says he remembers to have passed, in early evening, to the 
 sweet sleep of childhood under the seolian cadence of the spinning-wheel. 
 
ADDRESS. 23 
 
 a mere name or title of honor, but under it the citizens be- 
 gan at once to work in earnest, to lay the foundations of 
 
 the future. During the next five years, many roads were 
 laid out and built at a large labor tax. 
 
 During the years 1771—72, Isaac Bellows, from Rutland, 
 James Woods, from Marlborough, and William Muzzy, from 
 Lexington, come into town, each with a large family. They 
 were men of good education and general intelligence, and 
 possessed of those qualities which make the good citizen. 
 They did much towards forming the public sentiment of the 
 place. 
 
 The town continued to increase in population and wealth. 
 In 1790 there were 933 inhabitants, and at the close of the 
 18th century, 1113. And at that time the proportion of 
 the State tax was $1.89 on $1000. More than double what 
 it now is. 
 
 In 1770 the first school house was built, near the south- 
 west corner of the old burial ground, and for several years 
 was used for schools, for meeting house and town house. 
 This was the only school house in town till 1782, when the 
 town voted to divide the territory into seven districts, or 
 squadrons, and granted £105 to build seven school houses 
 the same year. But so great were the pecuniary burdens of 
 those times, that four years after, but few of these houses 
 were completed, and some of them not commenced ; and in 
 the mean time, one other district was set oft' on petition of 
 the inhabitants, and Dec. 12, 1785, $50 additional was 
 granted to each squadron to complete its school house, and 
 a new building committee appointed, and the houses were 
 probably finished the next year. 
 
 Every year, except two or three of the darkest in (lie 
 midst of the revolution, the town made appropriations of 
 money for schools, in sums from £10 at first, to £100 in 
 1795, besides the income of the school lot. This money 
 was divided among the several districts in proportion to the 
 number of scholars between four and twenty-one years of 
 age. But few professional, or liberally educated men have 
 
24 
 
 ADDRESS. 
 
 ever been raised in this town, but in general intelligence 
 and interest in common school education, we believe it has 
 not been below other places. 
 
 The loyalty and patriotism of the town has never been 
 questioned, except in one sad instance. Through all the 
 bloody conflicts and struggles of the nation, this people have 
 borne their part bravely and unflinchingly. The town had 
 its birth amidst exciting scenes. The first settlers came 
 here while the French and Indian war was raging. And 
 even before their charter was given the Revolution had be- 
 gun. There were signs of the approaching storm, too dis- 
 tinct to lie mistaken. Two years before the charter, the 
 famous Stamp Act was passed by Parliament. This roused 
 the people in all the colonies. Franklin wrote to Charles 
 Thompson, "The sun of American liberty is set. The 
 Americans must light the lamps of industry and economy." 
 "Be assured," was his friend's reply, "we shall light torches 
 of a very different character." The almost superhuman elo- 
 quence of Patrick Henry had already kindled the phrensy of 
 enthusiasm in many hearts. In New Hampshire, on the 
 morning of the day when the act was to go into effect, the 
 bells Avere tolled and the people assembled in funereal pro- 
 cession. A coffin, bearing the name of Liberty, was carried 
 to a grave on the shoulders of eight men, to the sound of 
 minute guns. A funeral oration was pronounced and the 
 coffin lowered. Suddenly signs of life appeared. It was 
 raised, and now bore the inscription, "Liberty revived.'''' 
 Enthusiastic cheers went up from the multitude, and the 
 sound of drums and trumpets greeted the resurrection. 
 Such was the feeling all over the land. It was war rather 
 than submission to such injustice. The next year after the in- 
 corporation, General Gage, with his troops, landed in Bos- 
 ton, and two years later occurred the Boston massacre. 
 As a weekly newspaper, perhaps ten days old, brought the 
 news of the event into this new settlement, may it not be 
 supposed that it awakened the same feeling that prevailed 
 on that ever memorable Sabbath, the 14th of April, 1861, 
 
ADDRESS. 25 
 
 when the news came that the stars and stripes no longer 
 floated over fort Sumter. Or on the 19th of the same 
 month, when we heard of the bloody Baltimore massacre. 
 
 Those were trying days for a town just out of its cradle, 
 but how nobly it stood in its lot for "freedom's holy cause," 
 the records clearly show. 
 
 As early as 1774, the Selectmen of the town of Boston 
 sent out a circular to all the towns and districts in the Prov- 
 ince, calling for an expression of the sentiments of the peo- 
 ple upon public matters. To this call the people of this 
 town responded in the following language : 
 
 " We are of opinion that the Rulers first derive their pow- 
 er from the Ruled, by certain laws and rules- agreed to by 
 Rulers and Ruled, and when Rulers break over such laws 
 and rules as agreed to by Rulers and Ruled, and make new 
 ones, that then the Ruled have a right to refuse such new 
 Laws, and that that the Ruled have a right to judge for 
 themselves when Rulers transgress. 
 
 We think the Parliament of Great Britain have taxed us 
 contrary to chartered rights ; they have made our Gover- 
 nor independent of the people by appointing him a salary 
 from home, and the Judges of the Superior Court, we hear, 
 have a salary appointed from home, and have reason to be- 
 lieve it, which appears to us so big with slavery that we 
 think it enough to arouse every individual that has any idea 
 of arbitrary Power above the Brutal Creation, to use his ut- 
 most endeavors, in a lawful way, to seek redress for our in- 
 jured rights and privileges. 
 
 We think we ought immediately, vigorously and unani- 
 mously, to exert ourselves in the most firm, but most peace- 
 able manner, for obtaining relief. The cause of liberty is 
 a cause of too much dignity to be sullied by disturbance 
 and tumult. It ought to be maintained in a manner suit- 
 able to her nature. Those engaged in it should breathe a 
 sedate yet fervent spirit, animating us to actions of justice 
 and bravery. A free people cannot be too quick in observ- 
 ing nor too firm in opposing the beginning of alterations in 
 a constitution." 
 
 This shows that they clearly comprehended the true prin- 
 ciples of government, as well as their own grievances; that 
 they bravely dared to stand by the right while they sought 
 
 4 
 
26 ADDRESS. 
 
 for harmony and peace. Though the language is not alto- 
 gether the choicest, yet who does not admire its truly Lin- 
 colnian strength and perspicuity. 
 
 About this time they adopted the Resolves of the Conti- 
 nental Congress, which were submitted to the people, to 
 the effect that they would use no article that was imported 
 from Great Britain. 
 
 Soon after, Congress called upon the people to assemble in 
 their respective places of voting, to see if it be the minds of 
 the people that Congress should declare the Colonies free 
 and independent of Great Britain ; and the inhabitants of 
 this town, being assembled for this purpose, on June 14th, 
 1776, voted, unanimously, in the affirmative. And then 
 voted, "that if Congress should so declare the Colonies in- 
 dependent of Great Britain, we, the • inhabitants of this 
 town, solemnly engage, with our lives and our fortunes, to 
 support them in the measure." 
 
 This was no mere idle declaration, for directly after the 
 fight of Concord and Lexington, a large number of men en- 
 listed as "minute men," one of the first of whom was Isaac 
 Bellows, and other prominent men followed. The town 
 promised them a bounty in case they should be called into 
 service. They were called out before the battle of Bunker's 
 Hill, and thirty men responded, but the treasury of the 
 town was so embarrassed that it was a long time before this 
 bounty was paid. 
 
 In May, 1778, a call was made for three men for three 
 years, and the town voted a bounty of £120 to each man 
 who would enlist. 
 
 In the spring of 1780 a call was made for more men and 
 provisions. At this time, paper money, or the old "Conti- 
 nental money," had so depreciated in value that it became 
 very difficult to make negotiations in definite sums, and the 
 practice of taking the value of other articles as the standard 
 of prices for bounties was adopted. The men who enlisted 
 for six months, were to "receive £10 per month, in Rye, In- 
 dian Corn, Beef and Sole-Leather, based on former prices." 
 
ADDRESS. 27 
 
 And those who enlisted for three years, were to receive 
 "twenty head of three years old Cattle 2 — Heifers and Steers of 
 average value." 
 
 It was also voted " to pay each man now hired the addi- 
 tional sum of $500 in paper money." 
 
 During this year the General Court sent an order to the 
 town to furnish their share of a quantity of beef for the 
 army, which was' 3420 lbs. The town voted to comply 
 with the request, and wanted the sum of £5130 for the pur- 
 chase of the beef. This would make the cost of it about 
 thirty shillings per pound. 
 
 It appears that another call for beef was made, for on the 
 first day of January, 1781, the town appointed another com- 
 mittee to purchase beef, and raised the additional sum of 
 £10,000 to pay for it. This would make the sum of more 
 than $50,000 to purchase meat for the army. And in esti- 
 mating the sacrifices of those times, we must remember 
 that much of this paper money had cost them as much as 
 good money would in ordinary times. 
 
 In an old memorandum book of Capt. John Woods, we 
 find charged for doing some writing, probably a deed, 
 $30. For flip, drank, probably while doing it, $8. For an 
 almanac, $6. 
 
 Up to this time the town furnished the required number 
 of men without a draft. But the summer of 1781 was proba- 
 bly the darkest period in the whole history of the place. 
 They had furnished a large proportion of their able-bodied 
 men for the army, and had exhausted their mean's in paying 
 bounties and for provisions. Now came the order for a 
 draft. 
 
 The Selectmen and militia officers made every possible 
 effort to obtain the men, but failed, and the Constable was 
 ordered to warn all the inhabitants, personally, to meet on 
 the second day of July, to decide what measures should be 
 adopted. At that meeting they voted to postpone the draft 
 one week, and to indemnify Capt. Slocum for all damage 
 that might happen in consequence of the delay. The men 
 
28 ADDRESS. 
 
 were not obtained and the draft was made ; but who were 
 drafted does not appear. 
 
 A few days after they voted to give these drafted men 
 nine pounds (old tenor) each, as a bounty. Also, "voted 
 that Nathan Stone give his obligation to such of the men as 
 prefer it to the obligation of the town." This shows that 
 their credit was exceedingly low. 
 
 It is probable that but one other call was made for men. 
 Of these, seven in number, four were hired from abroad for 
 £75 each, and the other three volunteered. 
 
 Through all this year monthly calls were made for pro- 
 visions for the army, and all through the war the families of 
 all the men in the army were provided for at the expense of 
 the town. In this they received no State aid, as in the re- 
 cent war. 
 
 With the opening' of 1782, after the surrender of Corn- 
 wallis, the murky war-cloud, which, for eight years, had 
 enveloped the nation in gloom, began to break, and the bow 
 of hope spanned the receding storm. In some respects, 
 the records of those days are meagre and obscure. They 
 sought to meet the stern demands of the occasion, rather 
 than to furnish material for our jubilation to-day. I have 
 not been able to ascertain who, nor how many died in the 
 army. But there can be no doubt that the war drew largely 
 upon the bone and sinew of this infant town. Widows and 
 orphans were left to be cared for. Their means were so ex- 
 hausted that they were overwhelmed with a deluge of debts 
 and accounts. The State tax was excessively burdensome, 
 and many law-suits were brought against the town. But 
 there was uot one lisp of repudiation. With the same man- 
 ly courage, and the same noble sense of justice, which led 
 them, to support the government, they set about adjusting 
 their debts, almost as soon as the last gun was fired. They 
 voted to instruct the Selectmen to borrow money and pay 
 all just demands if it could be done at a rate of interest not 
 exceeding 25 per cent. 
 
 In 1778, when the State Constitution was presented to 
 
ADDRESS. 29 
 
 the people for their adoption or rejection, this town voted 
 unanimously against it. And the principal cause of their 
 opposition was the property qualification of voters and of- 
 fice holders. They were then ready to recognize the fact, 
 that a man is a man, without reference to his broad acres 
 or well tilled purse. This constitution was not adopted, and 
 the next spring the question was presented whether another 
 convention should be held. This town voted in the affirma- 
 tive on certain conditions, one of which was that it be held 
 near the middle of the State, showing that they were afraid 
 of Boston influence and Boston lawyers. These conditions 
 were not regarded, but they sent Capt. John Woods, as a 
 delegate, and when the Convention had framed a Constitu- 
 tion and it was again submitted to the people, there was but 
 one dissenting vote in this town. 
 
 Capt. John Woods was also a delegate to the Convention 
 called to ratify the United States Constitution, and, with 
 the entire north of Worcester County, except Athol, he voted 
 against it. Only six towns in the County voted yea. And 
 there were only nineteen majority in the whole Convention. 
 
 History informs us that this town took a prominent part 
 in the " Shays Rebellion," a tact we would gladly conceal did 
 not truthfulness require that Ave should allude to it. In 1784 
 we find them sending William Muzzey as delegate to a Con- 
 vention held in Worcester, whose object undoubtedly was 
 to plot this Rebellion. 
 
 The country was exhausted by the protracted war, till it 
 had almost become bankrupt in its resources. There was 
 no currency but the almost worthless paper money. Towns 
 and individuals were overwhelmed with debts they had 
 no ability to pa}'. Taxes could not be collected without 
 seizing lands and goods. The court dockets were crowded 
 with law-suits — there being more than two thousand entered 
 at Worcester in a single year. The large hopes of the peo- 
 ple on the closing of the war had been disappointed, and 
 there was general distress and discontent. 
 
 These were the causes of that Rebellion, led by one Daniel 
 
30 ADDRESS. 
 
 Shays, of Pelham, which was confined to the north part of 
 Worcester County, and the Counties west of us. Its ob- 
 ject, so far as it had any, seems to have been to prevent the 
 sittings of the courts. This town embarked in the wild 
 scheme almost unanimously. Even those who had fought 
 and bled for the Independence of their country now joined 
 in a movement to subvert its authority and trample its laws 
 under foot. 
 
 Capt. Adam Wheeler, who had served most honorably 
 through the Revolution, raised and commanded a company 
 which marched to Worcester, in September, 1786, and pa- 
 raded in front of the court house. On the steps 1 was sta- 
 tioned a body of men with fixed bayonets and in front was 
 Capt. Wheeler with his drawn sword. In this manner they 
 received the court. But they were awed by the fearless 
 and determined manner of Chief Justice Ward. He pressed 
 forward till the bayonet points pierced his clothes. These 
 men wore a sprig of evergreen in their caps as the badge 
 of the Rebellion. The people generally did not sympa- 
 thize with them, and they suffered extremely, sometimes 
 going thirty hours without food or drink. Probably Shays' 
 army never numbered more than two thousand men. And 
 their whole course shows very plainly that they felt no con- 
 fidence in their cause. 
 
 During the winter the privates went home, not covered 
 with glory as when they came home after the Revolution, 
 but humbled and made forever loyal by shame and suffer- 
 ing. 
 
 Capt. Wheeler escaped being captured by mere accident, 
 and fled to Canada where he remained four years, when' he 
 returned, and the town settled up. a civil action which had 
 been brought against him. Thus we find the people true 
 to their leaders even in a bad cause. We have not one 
 word of justification to offer in their behalf, in this matter. 
 It is a foul blot on the fair fame of the town, the county and 
 the State. But when we remember what they suffered, we 
 think it should make us tolerant in' our judgment. 
 
ADDRESS. 31 
 
 We cannot claim that the people of this town have al- 
 ways been right in their course on public questions, but we 
 think we can safely say that they have always had opinions 
 of their own which they have dared to defend. True, we are 
 told that John Clark, when the officers questioned him in 
 regard to his views upon the Shays .Eebellion, said he w T as 
 "a nothing." But he was not the founder of a party of that 
 order. 
 
 The same loyalty characterized the people in the war of 
 1812 as in the Revolution. Though a large portion of them 
 were opposed to it, as needless and wrong, they did not re- 
 fuse to support the government. 
 
 We contemplate their course through the recent war with 
 feelings of gratitude and pride. You know with what alac- 
 rity Massachusetts sprang to support the falling banner of 
 the nation. In the very first regiment raised in the State 
 this town was represented, and in the second more largely, 
 and in ten or twelve others that followed, our men were 
 found. The whole number of men furnished by this town 
 was one hundred and fifty. About one hundred of these 
 were citizens.* 
 
 Of this number a large proportion have gone to their rest. 
 Some sleep where their slumbers will only be broken Avhen 
 the sea shall give up -its dead. Others repose along the 
 banks of the lower Mississippi, while others had but a shal- 
 low bed scooped in the "sacred soil of Virginia." And in 
 all these sacred enclosures for the dead at home, the brave 
 warrier has been laid by loving hands, "where the wicked 
 cease from troubling, and the weary are at rest." 
 
 Some of them fell in the bloody conflict, more from ex- 
 posure and disease, while others wasted away in the slower 
 tortures of starvation in the stockade of Andersonville, 
 where 30,000 Union boys were needlessly and wilfully mur- 
 dered — rendering up their lives to the Moloch of secession. 
 
 *Ten more men were sent than required. About forty died. Ten paid ft ;!,l() - 
 Six furnished substitutes. Paid La bounties, $8,625. liaised by subscription, 
 
 $2,405. 
 
32 ADDRESS. 
 
 But few of these men were promoted to high commands, 
 though we have Capt. Woodward and Lieut. Heald, and 
 others of similar rank among us. It was in the ranks that 
 the valor of these soldiers was displayed. They bravely 
 met the foe, or endured suffering in the hospital and prison. 
 Their record is neither stained by treachery nor cowardice. 
 
 While the blood-bought victory of Newbern and Roan- 
 oake Island and Gettysburg, and the persistent campaign 
 which opened the Mississippi, live in History, and while 
 men talk of that series of terrible battles in which Sherman 
 "swung around the whole circle," and Grant "fought it out 
 on that line " till-our triumphant banner waved over the bat- 
 tlements of Richmond, so long will the heroic deeds of these 
 men shed a lustre upon the town which enrolled them. In 
 the language of our present honored Governor, "so long as 
 we or our children live to enjoy the blessings of the Union, 
 we will breathe a prayer of benediction for those, who, with 
 untold sufferings, sealed the freedom of all races in Amer- 
 ica." 
 
 I see some of them before me. In the name of the town, 
 in the name of the whole country, we thank you, and bid 
 you welcome. . And to those who are represented here only 
 by the widow and the orphan, we would say, sleep on in 
 peace while a nation, disenthralled and almost reconstructed, 
 offers grateful incense at your graves. 
 
 Those, also, who remained at home, stood nobly by the 
 government from first to last, straining every nerve to meet 
 the demands made upon them. The ladies vied with each 
 other in their sacrifices for the comfort of those who were 
 bravely doing their duty at the front. Thus the century 
 which opened with the heroic sacrifices of the patriots of the 
 Revolution, finds a fitting close in the equally noble record 
 of their descendants. 
 
 Not one slave ever breathed the air of Hubbardston. 
 Slavery was not abolished in Massachusetts till 1780, and 
 down to that time it existed legally in different parts of the 
 State. At the beoinuiu": of the Revolution there were about 
 
ADDRESS. 33 
 
 five thousand slaves in the state. But not one human being 
 was ever owned as a chattel by our citizens. 
 
 We have not yet noticed the religious history of the 
 town, and want of time will now prevent us from enter- 
 ing into all its interesting details. The principle which 
 brought the Pilgrims to Plymouth, was freedom to worship 
 God according to the dictates of conscience. In a compact, 
 written and signed in the Mayflower, they declared that 
 they had undertaken the voyage "for the glory of God and 
 the advancement of a Christian faith." 
 
 The same principle which led to the planting of the first 
 colonies entered into the settlement of all these towns. 
 Among the first objects of the early settlers, were a house of 
 worship and a permanent ministry. Before they "dwelt in 
 ceiled houses" themselves, the Lord's house was built. 
 
 And even before they had meeting houses in any form, 
 they had public worship. "The groves were God's first 
 temples." The same forests which resounded with the 
 woodman's axe six days in the week, echoed the voice of 
 prayer and song on the sabbath. 
 
 We have already noticed the liberal appropriations made 
 by the original proprietors for "the first learned and ortho- 
 dox minister," and for meeting-house and common. How 
 farthey were actuated by religious principle in this, we can- 
 not say. A far-sighted worldly policy would have dictated 
 as much. This was the surest way to encourage settlements 
 and the purchase of their lands. But whatever their mo- 
 tive, it shows the prevailing sentiment of the times. Towns 
 were usually incorporated when they could support a min- 
 ister. And in granting these charters the State made pro- 
 vision for laying permanently, the foundations of schools, 
 and religious institutions. 
 
 We cannot claim that all the first settlers of this town 
 were men of personal piety and Christian experience. In- 
 deed, we have reason to believe they were not religious in 
 the most rigid sense. Yet the fact which they set forth in 
 their petition for a charter, that they are so far from the 
 
 5 
 
34 
 
 ADDRESS. 
 
 public worship of God, and the fact that as soon as there 
 were twenty-five or thirty families they began to move for a 
 meeting-house and a minister, show their high appreciation 
 of religious institutions and privileges. We dare not say 
 that they lived up to the letter of the law which made it a 
 penalty for a man to kiss his wife on Sunday, but that they 
 respected all divine institutions is evident. 
 
 This town has long been distinguished for its liberal and 
 unsectarian religious character. Unusual harmony and 
 kindly feeling have prevailed among the different denomi- 
 nations, and though the "old Adam" has sometimes got the 
 better of this feeling, Ave think we can trace it all the way 
 back to the earliest times. 
 
 The first effort to establish a church was made by Joseph 
 Grimes, probably in 1766, but it failed because only four or 
 five church members could be found in town. 
 
 The church was organized Feb. 14, 1770. All the rec- 
 ords say that at first it consisted of seven male members. 
 But after a careful comparison of dates, I am convinced 
 that there were but six members, one, whose name Avas in- 
 cluded, not uniting till afterward. Rev. Mr. Parker was one 
 of the original number. In 1771, Joseph Eveleth and Adam 
 Wheeler Avere elected deacons. 
 
 As early as 1768 we find that Eev. Nehemiah Parker was 
 preaching here as a candidate, probably holding meetings in 
 private houses and in the open air, as there Avas not even a 
 school-house till two years later. He received a unanimous 
 call to settle, though at a small salary, even for those times. 
 He accepted, but was not ordained till June 13, 1770. The 
 ordination services took place under a large oak tree, on the 
 west side of the common. 
 
 On the 8th of September 1772, it was voted "to build a 
 meeting-house the present year," and at another meeting, on 
 the 22d of the same month, the size and shape of the house 
 were agreed upon, and a building committee appointed. 
 The erection of the frame Avas let by the job for £80, "to 
 be completed during the month of .lime next." In their ar- 
 
ADDRESS. 35 
 
 rangements for raising the house they provided entertain- 
 ment — "vitals and drink," for one hundred men' and no 
 more. What this entertainment consisted in we do not 
 know, but in another town that we know of, it was voted 
 "to purchase a barrel of rum to raise the meeting-house."* 
 It seems that no more was accomplished this year than to 
 put up the frame and enclose it. During the next winter 
 the window sashes and frames were made, and the floor was 
 laid. The next spring they arranged to purchase the glass, 
 and voted to have the outside finished that year. Thus, in 
 a little more than two years, they had the outside of a 
 mecting-honse. If we think them dilatory in the work, we 
 must remember that they were but few in numbers and of 
 small means, and that the events of the Revolution were al- 
 ready crowding upon them. 
 
 In this house, without paint or ceiling, pulpit or pews, 
 or even seats except boards, and these probably laid upon 
 the refuse blocks of timber, and no fire to warm it, they 
 probably worshipped for nine or ten years. And though 
 there was no rustling of silks or sparkling of jewels in the 
 congregation, we doubt not they rendered as acceptable 
 praise to God as if all had been in modern style. The men 
 sat on one side and the women on the other. 
 
 As soon after the war was over as they could take breath, 
 they began the work of finishing the inside, which work 
 went on slowly. A pulpit and deacons' scats were first 
 built, and then permanent seats on the lower floor. These 
 seats soon began to give place to pews, and as early as 
 1794, the wall pews on the lower floor and one tier in the 
 rear of the body of the house, and one tier in the first gal- 
 lery were erected. The same year they voted to paint it 
 outside and inside. 
 
 The huge belfry, and the old clock which looks down up- 
 on this scene, to-day, with the same sedate and unsmiling 
 face as of old, were the work of still later years. 
 
 Thus came into being, by slow degrees, the "old meet- 
 
 * The meeting-house was probably raised June !•'!, ITT::. 
 
36 
 
 ADDRESS. 
 
 ing-house," which is so closely interwoven with the child- 
 hood scenes of many of us. It was a large, square structure, 
 with double rows of windows — double doors on the south 
 side, opening into the broad aisle which led to the pulpit. 
 On the east end was a projecting entrance, and on the west 
 end the great belfry with another entrance door. In the 
 inside was the towering pulpit, and sounding board hung 
 like a huge extinguisher* over the minister. In front was 
 the deacons' seat, and underneath, an open space which was 
 a terror to all the boys who were inclined to whisper. 
 There were galleries on three sides, square pews with chat- 
 tering seats which uttered an audible response at the close of 
 every prayer. This house stood near where the Unitarian 
 Church now stands, and was reconstructed to make that 
 house, in 1842. 
 
 From all that we can learn of Mr. Parker, the first minis- 
 ter of the town, we judge that he was not a man of superior 
 intellectual gifts, but well educated, being a graduate of 
 Harvard College, in the class of 1763, and in his student 
 days somewhat given to college pranks. He was a man of 
 decided theological views , and conscientious convictions . Of 
 simple, unaffected piety, and tender sympathies. He was a 
 man who could not endure controversy or strife, — like Abra- 
 ham of old, a man of peace. For more than twenty years 
 after his settlement there seems to have been the kindest feel- 
 ings between him and all the people of the town. During all 
 the trying days of the Revolution he manifested a truly 
 noble and generous spirit. He asked for no additional aid, 
 though the people showed a willingness to grant it. When 
 the town was embarrassed for want of funds, he waited long 
 for the payment of his small salary. During these years 
 he sold the one hundred and fifty acres of land near Comet 
 Pond, and nearly one-half the hundred acres where he lived, 
 (his house was near the large elm on the common,) and ex- 
 pended all the proceeds in living, and still found himself in 
 debt. 
 
 In 1792 he made known his situation to the town, and 
 
ADDRESS. 37 
 
 they very coldly granted him £15 additional for that year. 
 The next May he was obliged to ask further aid, and pro- 
 posed to sell the remainder of his real estate for a parson- 
 age. After much discussion and many propositions, the 
 meeting was dissolved without any action, showing that for 
 some reason their feelings towards him had been alienated. 
 His friends now moved for another meeting, at which it 
 was voted to add £15 to his salary, annually, while he re- 
 mained as their minister. Subsequent to this the attention 
 of the town was twice called to the same subject, but no re- 
 lief granted. 
 
 At a town meeting held on the 5th day of June, 1800, 
 Mr. Parker requested a dismission. In this request he 
 says: "Considering the many infirmities of my body, and 
 other important reasons, I think it most for the glory of 
 God that I be dismissed." The town voted to grant his re- 
 quest, though we fear uot altogether on the ground of pro- 
 moting the glory of God. Here I will quote the exact 
 words of Mr. Bennett in reference to this matter : 
 
 "Thus was dissolved that connection between Rev. Nehc- 
 miab Parker and the inhabitants of Hubbardston, which was 
 formed in the open air under the spreading branches of a 
 lofty oak tree, on the 13th of June, 1770; that connec- 
 tion which so happily continued for more than twenty-two 
 years, when each party had seemed ready to lay down its 
 life for the other, to spend and be spent for their mutual bene- 
 fit and happiness. But when the prime and vigor of man- 
 hood was beginning to depart from that faithful servant, and 
 other troubles, over which he had no control, were pressing 
 heavily upon him, that sympathy which lie had formerly re- 
 ceived, and now, more than ever, needed, was beginning to 
 be withheld, and so continued, by slow degrees, till he was 
 forced to believe his usefulness had departed. Now, in the 
 evening of his life, with ruined health, and poverty before 
 him, he felt willing, for 'the glory of God,' to relinquish 
 that small salary, which, for the last few years, had been so 
 grudgingly paid him, and east himself entirely upon (he 
 mercy of that Heavenly Friend and Master whom he had so 
 faithfully served, and who he no doubt trusted would soon 
 take him home. 
 
38 ADDRESS. 
 
 We would, iii charity to our ancestors, withhold this nar- 
 rative from the people of the present day, but, as faithful 
 historians, we feel bound to make it public. No truer illus- 
 tration of the fable of 'the old Hound and his Master,' was 
 
 ever acted out in real life." 
 
 ■ 
 
 Mr. Parker died Aug. 20, 1801, aged 59 years, and his 
 remains sleep among the voiceless congregation to whom he 
 once ministered, in the old burial ground. 
 
 At the beginning of the present century, the town seems 
 to have been in a very prosperous condition, increasing 
 more rapidly in population and wealth than most country 
 towns. 
 
 For some time after the dismission of Mr. Parker, they 
 were without a stated ministry, but liberal appropriations 
 were made for the support of the gospel. In January, 
 1802, after hearing several candidates, they gave a call to 
 Rev. Allen, which he declined. 
 
 On the first day of July following, they voted to give a 
 call to Mr. David Kendall, with a salary of $400, "until a 
 majority of the town, or Mr. Kendall, should see cause to 
 call a council of seven churches, whose decision should be 
 binding." This call was accepted, and the ordination took 
 place on the 20th of October, 1802. 
 
 Mr. Kendall was also a graduate of Harvard College, and 
 a man of sound principles, but of very different spirit and 
 temper from his predecessor. Mr. Parker, in his letter of 
 acceptance declared that he "desired their souls, not their 
 money." Mr. Kendall seemed to dwell with most empha- 
 sis on having a "comforable and respectable support." 
 
 When they wanted to get rid of him they did not find him 
 the man to sacrifice all his own interests at their bidding, 
 and they seem to have been at their "wits' end," to know how 
 to manage him at all. 
 
 The relation did not long continue harmonious. Com- 
 plaints began to be made on both sides. Grievances were 
 magnified by prejudice, and bitter criminations followed. 
 The people charged the minister with a want of sympathy 
 
ADDRESS. 39 
 
 for them generally, and he complained of their neglect to 
 fulfill their implied, though unwritten promises of pecuniary 
 aid made at the time of his settlement. Thus matters con- 
 tinued, the opposition growing stronger, till Sept., 1808, 
 when a meeting of the town was called to see if they would 
 "choose a committee to wait on Rev. Mr. Kendall, to see on 
 what conditions he will take a dismission from his minis- 
 try." 
 
 Such a committee was appointed, and, at a meeting three 
 weeks later, made an elahorate report, the principal recom- 
 mendation of which was that the two parties mutually se- 
 lect a committee, and then one of the parties should name 
 three settled ministers, and the other should select one of 
 the three to be moderator of the committee, and to this com- 
 mittee was to be submitted the grievanees on both sides, 
 and if their report should be accepted by both parties, it 
 was to be a "final settlement and burial of all complaints be- 
 tween the town and the minister." 
 
 At first this report was summarily rejected by the town, 
 but afterwards adopted and the recommendation was carried 
 out. The town appointed a committee of seven and Air. 
 Kendall a like number, and liev Mr. Estabrook was agreed 
 upon as moderator. The action of this committee is not re- 
 corded, though they made a report which was accepted. 
 But it did not heal the trouble, for soon another committee 
 of five ministers was agreed upon by the two parties, and a 
 committee of the town appointed to present allegations. It 
 does not appear that his committee ever met. In February, 
 1807, the town sent another committee to Mr. Kendall to 
 see on what terms he would be dismissed, but they could 
 come to no agreement. And one week later they sent an- 
 other committee to make proposals. They proposed to pay 
 his salary for eight months, but he did not accept the oiler. 
 Soon after they offered to give him $500, and voted that if 
 this was declined they would "proceed to a reference or 
 council." It was not accepted, and one week later, they 
 voted to appoint one man, with request that Mr. Kendall 
 
40 ADDRESS. 
 
 should appoint another, who should agree on terms of set- 
 tlement. This proposition was« acceded to, and the town 
 chose William Marean, and Mr. Kendall appointed John Mc- 
 Clenathan. They did not agree, and Mr. Kendall was fur- 
 ther urged to make proposals. He finally offered to take 
 $800 in addition to his salary. They voted to offer him 
 This he declined. Then they voted to give him 
 ), provided he would give $20 of it to the poor, the se- 
 lectmen to say who should receive it. This request was 
 finally acceded to, and now they began to breathe freer. 
 
 Three or four other town meetings were held in course of 
 a few weeks following, at one of which they provided for 
 giving Mr. Kendall an obligation for the amount offered, 
 and he was to sign a written release. At another they 
 voted that he should supply the pulpit no longer. 
 
 Finally, on the 2 (3th of April, it was agreed by both par- 
 ties to withdraw all complaints and allegations, and on the 
 same day a council met and Mr. Kendall was dismissed. 
 
 After his dismission he removed to Augusta, N. Y., 
 where he was installed in 1810, and dismissed in 1814. 
 He was never settled again, and sixteen years after he was 
 deposed from the ministry and excommunicated from the 
 church. He died Feb. 19, 1853 T aged 85 years, and in his 
 last days his pastor thought he gave evidence of true repent- 
 ance. 
 
 Rev. Samuel Gay was ordained Oct. 17, 1810, with a 
 salary of $500, on condition that his salary should close in 
 one year after two-thirds of the legal voters of the town 
 should vote his dismission. He also received $500 as a set- 
 tlement. 
 
 For some time after the settlement of Mr. Gay, har- 
 mony prevailed, and there were many additions to the 
 church. But he was a man of uncompromising principles, 
 fearless in his utterance of what he considered right, and as 
 fearless in rebuking wrong. Pie sometimes gave offence by 
 his plainness of speech. 
 
 During the excitement of the war of 1812 he displeased a 
 
ADDRESS. 41 
 
 large party in town, and twenty-seven families withdrew 
 and united with the Baptist Society at Coldbrook. 
 
 They were taxed, as before, for the support of the minis- 
 ter, but refused to pay. The attempt was made to collect 
 the tax, and some of their property was attached and sold. 
 Great excitement prevailed, and there was no lack of will 
 on either side. 
 
 The dissenters commenced an action against the Assess- 
 ors. The result of this litigation was, that the town paid 
 damages and all costs to those whose property had been 
 taken. After the excitement subsided, most of these fami- 
 lies came back. 
 
 But all disaffection was not removed. There soon be^an 
 to be strong opposition to the doctrinal views of the minis- 
 ter, and in 1821 a society was formed which was called the 
 "First Restoration Society, of Hubbardston," and thirty- 
 eight families joined it at first, and several families every 
 spring till 1825. On the first of May, 1826, this society 
 was abandoned and most of the members returned to the 
 old society. This was about the time of the great excite- 
 ment throughout the state, and the breaking up of the old 
 churches into Orthodox and Unitarian. 
 
 About this time persistent efforts were made to get rid of 
 Mr. Gay. A town meeting was called April 3, 1826, to 
 see if they would dismiss him. The vote stood, Aff. 48, 
 Neg. 109. The opponeuts, disappointed at the smallness of 
 their numbers, employed every possible means to increase 
 their strength. And, as the Restoration Society was dis- 
 banded only a month after, it is evident that their object 
 was that they might come in and vote against Mr. Gay. 
 
 At the March meeting, the next year, the vote was tried 
 again, and stood, 99 to 65. On the first of April they held 
 another meeting, when the vote stood, 106 to 65, — not yet 
 two-thirds of the voters. 
 
 They then voted to hold another meeting on the first of 
 May, for the same purpose. 
 
 In the mean time, the friends of Mr. Gay organized a 
 
 6 
 
42 ADDRESS. 
 
 society which was called "The Calvinistic Society of Hub- 
 barclston." Its name now is the Evangelical Congregational 
 Society. Eighty-eight persons joined at first, and filed in 
 their certificates according to law. At the town meeting, 
 on the first of May, the vote stood for dismissing Mr. Gay 
 114, — against it, none. 
 
 He supplied the pulpit till October, 1827, when he was 
 dismissed by a mutual council, and the town paid his salary 
 for one year after they voted to dismiss him. 
 
 The church which remained and worshipped in the old 
 meeting-house assumed the name of the "Eirst Congrega- 
 tional Church of Hubbardston." The parish remained un- 
 der the control of the town, as before. 
 
 After having four or five candidates, Kev. AbnerD. Jones 
 received a call, and was ordained Nov. 13, 1828. He con- 
 tinued in his ministry four years, and was dismissed at his 
 own request. 
 
 Rev. Ebenezer Robinson was his successor, and was set- 
 tled Feb. 20, 1833. About this time the connection of the 
 parish, with the town ceased, and it was legally organized 
 into a religious society. After a short ministry Mr. Robin- 
 son was dismissed, (Oct. 19, 1836,) and was succeeded by 
 Rev. Claudius Bradford, ordained April 15, 1840. After 
 his dismission, (April 13, 1845,) Rev. Mr. Lloyd was 
 ordained, but remained only about one year. He was fol- 
 lowed by Rev. G. T. Hill, (installed April 14, 1847,) who 
 remained only a few years, (dismissed August 29, 1852). 
 Rev. Mr. Ryder was the next and last settled minister, 
 though several others have been employed for some length 
 of time, (ordained June 20, 1855; dismissed December 1, 
 1860). This church and society has generally been pros- 
 perous. But it is not my purpose to speak at length of the 
 recent history of any of the denominations. 
 
 At the time when the Calvinistic Society was formed, 
 the church of the town held a meeting in the center school- 
 house, and with kindness of feeling, and an earnest desire 
 to promote peace, passed several resolutions. They re- 
 
ADDRESS. 43 
 
 solved to separate and form two distinct churches — those 
 who had joined the Calvinistic Society to be one, and the 
 remaining members the other. And the door was left open 
 for any of the female members who might desire it, to re- 
 turn to the old church of the town within one year. 
 
 The church furniture was to be held by Dea. Justus Ellin- 
 wood, and used by both churches ; and they were to hold 
 their communion services on different sabbaths. 
 
 Mr. Gay was to hold the records, to be consulted by both 
 churches, as they had occasion. They also arranged for a 
 council, to ratify these proceedings. 
 
 This council met October 31, 1827, and in their result 
 they declare, that the majority of the members of a church 
 seceding continue to be the church. They approved the 
 spirit of the agreement, but declared it not according to ec- 
 clesiastical order, and dangerous in its tendency. They 
 recognized Mr. Gay as the pastor of the church. 
 
 This result was read at the dedication of the meeting:- 
 house, on November 1, 1827. One hundred and twenty- 
 live members went with the new society, and thirty re- 
 mained with the town. 
 
 For ten or twelve years after the division, much harmony 
 prevailed under the ministry of Mr. Gay, and large acces- 
 sions were made to the church. Tavo hundred were added 
 in ten years. But at length he was guilty of growing old, 
 and in 1841 much dissatisfaction was manifested, and afforts 
 were made to have him dismissed. He was dismissed De- 
 cember 1, 1841, and on the same day, Rev. O. B. Bidwell 
 was ordained in his place. 
 
 Mr. Gay was born in Dedham, March 1(3, 1784, and 
 graduated at Harvard University, in 1805. After his dis- 
 mission he retired to his farm, where he died, very sudden- 
 ly, October 10, 1848, thirty-eight years, to a day, after his 
 ordination. 
 
 Mr. Bidwell was dismissed after a ministry of four years, 
 during which sixty were added to the church. 
 
44 ADDRESS. 
 
 Rev. D. B. Bradford was installed June 17, 1846, and 
 dismissed April 22, 1852. 
 
 He was succeeded by Rev. C. W. Allen, who was settled 
 December 29, 1852, and dismissed December 31, 1860. 
 He was the last settled minister. 
 
 The first preaching in town by the Methodists was in the 
 south school house, in 1838, and much interest was awak- 
 ened. The next spring Rev. Mr. Whitman began to preach 
 in the hall at the Star Hotel. The same year permanent 
 preaching was established, and the church commenced. 
 Their meeting-house was dedicated September 25, 1839. 
 During the first two years one hundred and seventy-one 
 were added to the church. 
 
 They have generally been successful in their ministers 
 and united in their efforts, and have done much good in 
 town. 
 
 The first practicing physician in town was Dr. Moses 
 Phelps, who, for nearly half a century, visited his patients, 
 riding on horse-back with his huge saddle-bags of medicine. 
 He was followed by his son, Moses Phelps, who studied and 
 practiced with him. He has practiced more than fifty years, 
 and still lives among you. 
 
 Of Hoyt, and Holmes, and Howe, and Goodnow, and 
 Alexander, and Bemis, and Pillsbury, and Scribner, and 
 Freeland, and Billings, and Lincoln, and Sylvester, and 
 Ruggles, and Tenney, and Ames, and other sons of iEscu- 
 lapius, who have been here, time would fail me to speak. 
 
 Fair Hygeia, the fabled daughter of the god of medicine, 
 has also dwelt here. A few times in our history, disease, 
 in form of scarlet and typhoid fever, has been commis- 
 sioned as the distroying angel, to smite the first-born of 
 many homes, and pale consumption alwaj^s walks among 
 you ; yet in the general average the vital statistics compare 
 favorably with other places. 
 
 Most of the doctors and ministers have lived to get out of 
 town, and those who remained have come to their graves in 
 full age, as a shock of corn cometh in his season. A few 
 
ADDRESS. 45 
 
 people here have almost reached a hundred years, and many 
 have passed four score. The average ages of about thirty 
 of the first men who settled here, all whose ages I find, is 
 seventy-six years, and that of the wives of twenty-live of 
 these men is eighty years. 
 
 The first explorer of Florida, thought its luxurious woods 
 must contain the fabled fountain which would restore old 
 age to the vigor of youth, and he spent much time in search 
 for it. So pilgrims from the city, every year, seek the 
 fountains of health among these hills, and though they find 
 no Pool of Siloam, yet the mountain breezes kiss the pale- 
 ness from their cheeks and quicken all the pulses of life. 
 
 The legal profession has had but few representatives in 
 this town. Samuel Swan, Esq., spent most of his life and 
 reared his family here, but no one else ever remained long. 
 As a whole, this town has been noted for the frequent 
 changes of its professional men. Royalston began its sec- 
 ond century with its fourth minister and fourth, physician in 
 the center of the town. We have had scores to preach, 
 and almost as many to practice. 
 
 But I am detaining you too long. Your stomachs clam- 
 or for an advance in the programme. When Fitz Henry 
 Warren, who has since been Assistant Postmaster General, 
 and a general in the army, was a boy, he lived with Mr. 
 Augustus Wheeler, of this town. It was then the custom 
 to carry out grog to the farm hands two or three times a 
 day, and they called it by the significant name of tangle- 
 legs. One sultry afternoon it was not brought around till 
 later than usual. When it came Warren's turn to drink, he 
 very sagely remarked that he "would rather not have had 
 any tangle-legs all the afternoon than to have waited so long 
 for it." So I fear you feel in regard to your dinner. 
 
 And this is not all that waits. The great feature of the 
 day, in my view r , is in the social re-unions, — the renewal 
 of old acquaintance, and this imperfect tribute must draw 
 to a close. 
 
 We have partially surveyed the history of the town and 
 
46 
 
 ADDRESS. 
 
 the characters and achievements of its citizens. We have 
 seen how wisely the proprietors planned for us. We have 
 followed the first settlers through some of their toils and 
 sacrifices. We have witnessed their patriotic struggles, 
 their patient endurance, and Christian faith in those days 
 which tried men's souls. We have traced their influence in 
 politics, in religion, and in industrial pursuits. If time 
 would permit, we might also show how they have helped 
 forward almost every cause of benevolence and philanthro- 
 py. They have shown a liberal spirit. The poor outcast, 
 the manacled slave, and the besotted drunkard have always 
 found friends in Hubbardston. But their indignation has 
 burned like an oven against the oppressor and the rum- 
 seller. No high reputation nor saintly garb has shielded 
 a man when they thought him corrupt. Thus their benevo- 
 lence and mercy has been tempered with a high sense of 
 justice. 
 
 But if it were possible to lift the veil and show you how 
 they have lived in their own homes, how they have dis- 
 charged the kindly offices of freinds and neighbors, it is 
 there we believe their characters Avould shine most brightly. 
 
 Now these fathers sleep all around us in these sacred en- 
 closures of the dead, but "out of the silence of their graves 
 comes a voice which repeats the lessons of their lives." 
 
 It is for us to take up and carry forward what they so 
 faithfully begun. In this age of progress we ought to im- 
 prove upon what they did, and leave to our children a rich- 
 er legacy than was bequeathed to us. If they have trans- 
 mitted to us schools and churches, it is for us to make them 
 more efficient means of good. If they gave up their lives 
 in their efforts to pass over into our hands the Union, the 
 Constitution, and the laws, then it is for us not only to guard 
 the sacred treasure, but, following the light of that banner 
 which waves so proudly over us, and on every one of whose 
 ample folds is inscribed in letters of living light, "Liberty 
 and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable," it is for 
 
ADDRESS. 47 
 
 us to promulgate the principles of liberty till all men are 
 free indeed. 
 
 When time's ceaseless pendulum has measured the hours 
 of another hundred years our dust will mingle with theirs, 
 and our deeds will have passed, a few into history, but 
 most into oblivion. And if, on the 13th day of June, 1967, 
 our descendants shall be pleased to observe their centennial 
 day, may the records of this coming century show as little to 
 censure and more to admire than we find in that just closed. 
 
 Note. — I wish to acknowledge my indebtedness to William Bennett, Esq., 
 for many of the facts embodied in this address. 
 
P OEM. 
 
 PKEPAEED BY DEA. EPHRAIM STOWE. 
 
 Mr. President : — 
 
 You call on me, aloud, 
 To stand before this crowd, 
 
 As if I were a poet ; 
 I'm no great poet, Sir, 
 My writings show it, Sir, 
 
 Just listen, and you'll know it. 
 
 'Twas said in olden time, 
 That those who scribbled rhyme 
 
 Were rather simple folks: — 
 I hope you don't stand there, 
 Nor occupy that chair, 
 
 To deal out such old jokes. 
 
 It has been often said, 
 That in a poet's head 
 
 " There's little common sense ; — 
 They sometimes show some wit, 
 Yet often, not a bit 
 
 Is known to flow from thence." 
 
 'Tis hard, they say, to find 
 That poets have a mind, — 
 
 " They're all imagination ;" 
 Why, if they mount the sky, 
 And cull the flowers on high, 
 
 "'Tis Fancy's wild creation." 
 
 Or if they soar afar, 
 And leap the polar star, 
 
 Or dance around the sphere, 
 And paint the realms above, 
 All radiant with love, 
 
 The reader's heart to cheer: — 
 
 7 
 
50 POEM. 
 
 Or strive to spread abroad 
 The glory of that God 
 
 Who laid the earth's foundation ! 
 Why, it is all the same : 
 That pure poetic flame 
 
 " Is all imagination." 
 
 But, Sir, I will not roam, 
 But speak of things at home, 
 
 The day, — the place, — the times; — 
 And, if the picture 's soiled, 
 The truth shall not he spoil'd 
 
 For sake of making rhymes. 
 
 Yet, while I'm doing so, 
 I must be left, to go, 
 
 And seek my humble muse, 
 For, I must linger where 
 Her teachings I may share, 
 
 Or else, your call refuse. 
 
 Judge Chapin had some dreams, you know, 
 
 Of late, about old Mcndon, 
 And he's a man, the records show, 
 
 That we may all depend on : — 
 An honest judge, (though man of wit,) 
 Before whom sorrowing widows sit. 
 
 He dreamt, — or thought he dreamt, — you see, 
 (So dreamlike it was seeming) ; 
 
 And so, perhaps, you'll pardon me, 
 If I should fall to dreaming 
 
 About old seasons and old times, 
 
 As I grow sleepy, making rhymes. 
 
 I cannot hope to dream like him, — 
 
 (Or wide awake or sleeping) ; 
 Poetic fire in me is dim, 
 
 While his, so bright is keeping; — 
 And Mendon, too, that trained her son, 
 Is twice as old as Hubbardston. 
 
 Why, such a man, with such a training, 
 
 May grace the poet's lyre, 
 But untaught fanners, old and waning, 
 
 Can never e'en aspire 
 To anything but simple rhyme, 
 For they are men of olden time. 
 
POEM. 
 
 51 
 
 When God designed to frame this earth, 
 
 And spoke creation into birth, 
 
 A skill was shown in every part 
 
 Transcending all the works of art. 
 
 The glorious sun was made to roll 
 
 His light and heat from pole to pole. 
 
 The silver moon, with borrowed light, 
 
 Was set to cheer the darksome night ; 
 
 And lesser lights, with fainter rays, 
 
 Keflected from the solar blaze, 
 
 Now deck the skies, as bright, as fair, 
 
 As when His finger placed them there. 
 
 These works of an Almighty hand, 
 
 So nicely wrought, — so wisely plann'd, 
 
 Have felt no jar in centuries past, 
 
 Nor will they jar while time shall last. 
 
 And when His glorious scheme was laid, 
 
 And earth by Power Divine was made, 
 
 To perfect all this wondrous plan 
 
 He made the wondrous creature, man ; — 
 
 And, as descendants of that race, 
 
 He gave us, for a dwelling place, 
 
 This good old town, which we all know 
 
 Was named a hundred years ago. 
 
 That name is dear to every son 
 
 And daughter of old Hubbardston. 
 
 Perhaps the dearest spot on earth, 
 
 To those who've trod it from their birth ; 
 
 And 'mongst these hoary heads are some, 
 
 Who've had it for a lifelong home; 
 
 And here arc those who've reached fourscore- 
 
 A few have nearly ten years more. 
 
 We love this place, for here hard by 
 
 Our fathers, mothers, children lie, — 
 
 Yea, wives and husbands, dearer still, 
 
 The graves in yonder churchyard fill ; 
 
 And soon, we, too, expect to rest 
 
 Beside the ones who loved us best. 
 
 We're, many of us, grey and old, — 
 
 Our days are numbered — nearly told, 
 
 And yet,, 'tis little we can know 
 
 Of tilings an hundred years ago. 
 
 Our birthday 's one of later date 
 
 Than that which now we celebrate ; ■ 
 
 But still we can remember well 
 
 What we have heard our fathers tell. 
 
 E'en now, fond memory wanders back 
 
 Adown life's narrow, beaten track, 
 
 To by-gone days of childhood's bliss, 
 
52 
 
 POEM. 
 
 ("The purest known in worlds like this,") 
 
 When sitting round (at evening tide) 
 
 The great old fire-place, deep and wide, 
 
 All glowing with a fat pine blaze, 
 
 (The kerosene of former days,) 
 
 We read, or heard the story told 
 
 Known only to the men of old, 
 
 When all the region round was new, 
 
 And settler's huts were small and few. 
 
 When, here and there, cleared spots were seen, 
 
 But those were few and far between. 
 
 And these green fields, and pasture lands 
 
 That bear the mark of skillful hands, 
 
 Were covered o'er with lofty trees, 
 
 All proudly waving in the breeze. 
 
 Two hundred years ago, — and less, 
 
 This town was but a wilderness. 
 
 Few paths were cut, no roads were made 
 
 Where now, our great highways are laid ; 
 
 And these rich farms, and gardens fair, 
 
 Were barren wastes in desert air. 
 
 But time has wondrous changes wrought, 
 
 And brighter scenes this century 's brought. 
 
 The town, in every part, displays 
 
 The changes wrought in by-gone days. 
 
 Our hills and ponds remain the same, 
 
 And still retain the ancient name : 
 
 There's Comet Pond, and old Moose Horn, 
 
 And Natty, with her look forlorn : 
 
 Mount Jefferson, and Ragged Hill, 
 
 And Burnshirt, rich and fertile still, — 
 
 Old Sherman, Coon, and many more 
 
 Still bear the name they took of yore, 
 
 While rivers the same channels fill, 
 
 And streams, as usual, run down hill. 
 
 But this, — our long-neglected street, 
 
 (A prettier one we seldom meet 
 
 In any common country town,) 
 
 From puling youth, to manhood 's grown. 
 
 Some few within this audience know 
 
 How this street looked long years ago. 
 
 A tavern stood at either end, 
 
 Where those who had some cash to spend, 
 
 Or idle hours to pass away, 
 
 Might wet their whistles any day ; 
 
 And it was said, we know not why, 
 
 That whistles then were often dry, 
 
 One single dwelling house, between 
 
POEM. 53 
 
 These two old taverns, could he seen ; — 
 
 A school-house, shop, and old potash, 
 
 For taming ashes into cash, 
 
 Were all the buildings on the way 
 
 Through what we call the street, to-day ; 
 
 While on the common, some horse-sheds 
 
 T'would hardly cover horses' heads, 
 
 A meeting-house, then pretty good, 
 
 And one or two- old dwellings stood. 
 
 There was one little business spot 
 
 That is not easily forgot ; 
 
 At one end of the street were found 
 
 A tavern, shop, school-house and pound. 
 
 Between the shop for shoeing horses, 
 
 For long years known as Mr. Morse's, 
 
 And that one where the idle fool, 
 
 As he deserved, got whipt at school, 
 
 A pound with walls t'would stand one battle, 
 
 Stood to shut up the unruly cattle. 
 
 Here the poor horses' tender feet 
 
 Were fitted for the rocky street, 
 
 And made in winter not to slip, 
 
 While owners, waiting, took their flip. 
 
 Here boys were taught their A, B, C, 
 
 And naughty cattle made to be 
 
 Content, on their own fields to graze, 
 
 And not be found on the highways ; 
 
 And, 'twixt the cattle and the boys, 
 
 At -noon you'd hear a frightful noise. 
 
 Such was the town of Hubbardston 
 
 When this last century begun. 
 
 There were no stages — good .or poor, 
 
 To take us up at our own door, — 
 
 No carriages, — at least, but few. 
 
 To meeting, and to weddings, too, 
 
 E'en ladies rode on Dobbin's back, 
 
 Jog-trot along the narrow track ; 
 
 And, very often, you would find 
 
 The lady mounted on behind 
 
 The man, with each a lesser chap, 
 
 All snug and warm within the lap. 
 
 With two bright eyc^, just peeping out 
 
 To see what all ' the world's about. 
 
 This was no locomotm team, 
 
 And yet you'd bear the whistle's scream 
 
 Quite often, where there was no crossing, 
 
 While little fists the blankets tossing, 
 
 Gave warning to the passing stranger 
 
54 
 
 POEM. 
 
 To turn aside and 'scape the danger. 
 
 Why, young folks now would laugh out loud 
 
 To meet that train upon the road, 
 
 Where wagons, buggies, coaches play, 
 
 Like Zephyrs round the lap of May. 
 
 No railroad tracks have here been laid 
 
 To give an impetus to trade, — 
 
 No telegraphic wires put down 
 
 To bring their messages to town. 
 
 No parks or Broadways here are seen, 
 
 Yet we've a pretty village green ; 
 
 And here, perhaps, it may be well, 
 
 On this occasion, just to tell 
 
 These young folks, how these walks were made, 
 
 And who contrived this lovely shade. 
 
 Men often had the thing in view, 
 
 But what their hands designed to do, 
 
 For reasons that do not appear, 
 
 Had been delayed from year to year. 
 
 But, ere the thing was fairly planned, 
 
 The ladies took the work in hand; 
 
 And ladies have a wondrous power 
 
 To meet the crisis of the hour. 
 
 They went to work, — got up a fair, — 
 
 Invited everybody there, — 
 
 Spread out their tables of rich cake, 
 
 And such as ladies only make, 
 
 Had tea and coffee, oysters, meat, 
 
 And . every thing that's good to eat, — 
 
 (No liquor, though, no, not a bit, 
 
 For ladies never , furnish it.) 
 
 Well, they had knicknacks, too, to sell, 
 
 And various things that pleased us well ; 
 
 While words and smiles, — "smiles of the fair"— 
 
 Shed all their kindly influence there. 
 
 Those tempting things, and pleasant looks 
 
 Soon opened all the pocket books, 
 
 And drained them of . their surplus cash, 
 
 For men began to think 'twas trash, 
 
 But woman happened still to know 
 
 That money always " made the mare go ;" 
 
 And soon the needful funds were raised, 
 
 And cake and women both were praised. 
 
 This was the way the cost was met, 
 
 The side-walks made, the young trees set ; 
 
 Thus, woman's influence prevails 
 
 When man begins a work, and fails. 
 
 'Twas woman's influence that lent 
 
POEM. 55 
 
 New wings to Bunker's monument, 
 And bade it start anew, and rise 
 In awful grandeur, toward th' skies ; 
 And thus, in many a darksome hour, 
 She has put forth a saving power. 
 The symbols of that power we meet 
 As we walk up or down the street ; 
 And while we seek the cooling breeze, 
 Or linger 'neath these shady trees, 
 We are reminded of the "fair" 
 That found the means to set them there. 
 
 In olden times these homes of ours 
 Were not adorned with pretty flowers ; 
 Our mothers, at the spinning-wheel, 
 Knew not the pride their daughters feel 
 In working o'er their garden lots, 
 Or rearing flowers in earthen pots, 
 To make their kitchens sweet and fair, 
 And shed their fragrance on the air. 
 To-day, the door-yards we behold, 
 Are dressed in purple, green and gold ; 
 And lovely flowers of every hue, 
 (Each day presenting something new,) 
 The steps, the walks and window-sill, 
 And tables, near the fireside, fill ; 
 While round the house the gardens fair 
 Give sweetness to the morning air. 
 Man's work is various, changeful, strange ; 
 The work of God has known no change. 
 To-day, as we stand looking down 
 The borders of another town, 
 We see the same majestic hill 
 That, in our boyhood, used to fill 
 Our hearts with such untold delight, 
 As we beheld her glorious height : — 
 Her head, above the thunder-cloud, 
 Aspiring, lofty, bold, and proud ; 
 While shafts of lightning, at her feet, 
 Fell harmless as a shower of sleet. 
 She stands there now, in all her pride, 
 The small Wachusett at her side, 
 Her little daughU r, — fair as ever, 
 And still as dutiful and clever, 
 Unlike the girls, she's found no other 
 For whom she'd leave a good old mother. 
 Old Rutland, too, on yonder height, 
 Is standing now, — as fair and bright 
 As when she first stood looking down 
 
56 POEM. 
 
 On this, her little daughter-town, 
 And watching with a mother's care, 
 To see her grow up good and fair. 
 We still delight to call her mother, 
 For, as a town, we've known i no other. 
 The daughter, as old Rutland calls 
 Us still, had few good waterfalls, 
 But, whether in her maidenhood, 
 She wore the modest shaker hood, 
 Or donned the new style, tiny bonnet, 
 That shows a head with nothing on it, 
 And wore big hoops, as our girls do, 
 We must confess, we never knew. 
 But this we know, — whate'er the past, 
 The waterfalls are gaining fast, 
 Though more upon the daughter's heads, 
 Than by the ponds, or river beds ; — 
 Yet these will drive the spinning-wheel, 
 While those can neither spin nor reel. 
 
 There's Princeton, too, and Barre, 
 Who much to market carry, 
 And where the boarders tarry 
 In summer's sultry hours : — 
 Both sons of the same mother, 
 (And each we love as brother, 
 And one as well as t'other;) 
 In sunshine, and in showers, 
 Have stood, like friends who love us best, 
 To guard our borders, east and west. 
 
 We're shut out, it is true, 
 Mother, and daughter, too, 
 Where little comes that's new, 
 
 And railroads never reach us ; 
 The whistle, and the car, 
 • And engine, heard afar, 
 All steaming like hot tar, 
 This useful lesson teach us : 
 To be content, and never crave 
 The things we ne'er can hope to have. 
 
 We have our summer breezes. 
 The spring-time always pleases, 
 And Jack, in winter, freezes 
 
 The ponds and rivers over, 
 To make them fit for skating ; 
 While boys and girls stand waiting, 
 (Perhaps, for life they're mating) 
 
 Like bees round heads of clover; 
 
 
toem. 57 
 
 While merry sleigh-bells on the street, 
 And fireside scenes, make winter sweet. 
 
 This home of ours is dear, 
 
 We should be happy here, 
 
 Nor drop a single tear, 
 
 Because the railroads dodge us ; 
 
 We've land enough to till, 
 
 And barns that we may fill, 
 
 If only we've the will ; 
 
 And houses, too, to lodge us. 
 Enough to eat, — enough to wear, 
 Should make ns happy anywhere. 
 
 There's Gardner too, and Templeton, 
 (Though neither, our old mother's son,) 
 Have stood by us since time begun, 
 
 Like true and lawful brothers ; 
 And Phillipston and Westminster, 
 Though not a bit akin to her, 
 Have been as firm as if we were 
 The dearest of all others ; 
 
 And there they'll stand, while time shall last, 
 
 As they have stood in ages past. 
 
 With these good, friendly towns beside us, 
 (And nothing likely to divide us,) 
 We'll fear no ills that may betide us, 
 
 And let the railroads go. 
 Nor care for telegraph a whit, 
 Nor envy other towns a bit, 
 Who long have had tiie benefit 
 
 Of what we cannot know ; 
 We'll cling to the old farm, or shop, 
 And let such vexing questions drop. 
 
 Old Hubbardston had one odd son, 
 
 Who answered to Eph. Grimes, 
 And he was known in every town, 
 Quite well in former times, 
 From Worcester through to Canada, 
 And is remembered to this day. 
 
 He was a " brick," — an odd old stick, 
 
 All running o'er with fun ; 
 He loved a joke, and seldom spoke 
 But what Ik: hit some one ; 
 He'd be polite, and sing and pray, 
 And play the " possum" any day. 
 
58 POEM. 
 
 We heard among the songs t'were sung 
 
 By rowdies, years ago, 
 " Old Grimes is dead," while his old head 
 Was here, as white as snow. 
 He quite forsook his better half, 
 And only lived to make folks laugh. 
 
 He broke some laws, and for that cause 
 
 Was wronged, at Worcester, some ; 
 With knife or shears, they cropped his ears, 
 And never sent them home ; 
 So every day he lived grew sadder, 
 For he was deaf as an old adder. 
 
 We might, perhaps, were we to search, 
 
 Find remnants now of that old church 
 
 Which stood upon or near this spot, 
 
 And which can never he forgot 
 
 By us, who in our youthful days, 
 
 Oft listened there to songs of praise, 
 
 And to the voice of him who came 
 
 To speak to us in Jesus' name. 
 
 We see it now, with memory's eye, 
 
 The old square pews, the galleries high, 
 
 The sounding-board above the head 
 
 Of the old parson, it was said 
 
 To give his voice a fuller sound, 
 
 And through the audience send it round. 
 
 Those who have reached three score and ten 
 
 Can pretty well remember when, 
 
 Beside that church, a great elm tree 
 
 Stood, clothed in verdant majesty, 
 
 'Neath which our aged fathers sat 
 
 On Sunday noons, in friendly chat, 
 
 " And talked of this and then of that," 
 
 While we, poor little barefoot sinners, 
 
 Stood by, and ate our Sunday dinners, 
 
 And listened, with wide open ears, 
 
 To hear them talk of former years. 
 
 We had no Sabbath schools that day, 
 
 Yet, we were not allowed to play. 
 
 Whene'er a troop of naughty boys 
 
 About the common made a noise, 
 
 'Twas sure to start a tithing man, 
 
 At sight of whom the boys all ran 
 
 Like sheep when wolves are on their track, 
 
 And looked as sheepish, coming back. 
 
 Perhaps, there's no one thing in town 
 That's changed so little, going down 
 
POEM. 59 
 
 The tide of time, as that old clock, 
 
 The town has held as common stock. 
 
 The same old clock that's ticking now, 
 
 With not a wrinkly on its brow, 
 
 We listened to in early youth ; 
 
 And, though we knew it told the truth, 
 
 It vexed us some, in our school days, 
 
 When, all absorbed in boyish plays, 
 
 It put a stop to all our fun, 
 
 When at its height, by striking one — 
 
 The same as saying " school's begun." 
 
 Sometimes, like a rebellious youth, 
 
 It has refused to tell the truth, 
 
 And stopped, and pouted for a while, 
 
 Refusing e'en to speak or smile. 
 
 But, managed by a skillful hand, 
 
 Repentant, would forsake that stand, 
 
 And, as a lad well trained, was clever, 
 
 And went along as well as ever. 
 
 While many years have flitted by, 
 
 That clock, upon the belfry, high, 
 
 Has ruled with most despotic sway, 
 
 For lesser clocks must all obey ; 
 
 And watches, too, must be pulled out, 
 
 And have their fingers turned about ; 
 
 But this, perhaps, was not so bad, 
 
 For, doubtless, there's been many a lad, 
 
 With the best watch he ever had, 
 
 Who couldn't tell the time of day 
 
 Had that old clock been but away. 
 
 That's told us fifty years, and more, 
 
 What we knew pretty well before, 
 
 How fast the moments flit away, 
 
 Amid the duties of the day ; 
 
 And rapped its knuckles on the bell, 
 
 The silent hours of night to tell. 
 
 It never stirs a leaf or willow, 
 
 But pricks our ears upon the pillow, 
 
 And bids us ope' our drowsy eyes, 
 
 And to our morning duties rise. 
 
 'Tis rather hard some wintry mornings 
 
 To heed the fellow's faithful warnings, 
 
 Drive off night visions from the head, 
 
 And jump, at once, right out of bed ; 
 
 But, ere our work is done at night 
 
 We feel that the old clock was right. 
 
 We love that clock; — it's laid its station, 
 
 And ticked away one generation, 
 
 And ticking there will doubtless stand, 
 
60 POEM. 
 
 When we are in the spirit land. 
 To-day, as we who're old look back 
 Along the nineteenth century's track, 
 How few who started on the race 
 "With us, are found about this place. 
 Some few to other parts have gone, 
 But many to the world unknown. 
 There's, here and there, a hoary head, 
 Of whom it may be truly said, 
 They stand like some old forest oak, 
 With head declining, branches broke, 
 Amid a host of younger trees, 
 All proudly waving in the breeze. 
 The aged oak, once green and fair, 
 But now of foliage stript, and bare, 
 Is fast descending to the ground, 
 Where little saplings lie all round. 
 And such is life, — the weak, the strong, 
 Are falling like the trees, along 
 The track of time, whose restless wave 
 Has borne its millions to the grave ; 
 And will roll on till millions more 
 Are landed on th' eternal shore. 
 
 Now let us look beyond this place, 
 And mark the progress of our race ; 
 And see what human art has done 
 Since this last century begun. 
 Progress has marked the present age, 
 At every step, — through every stage: 
 Progress in science, and in arts, 
 The very life blood, that imparts 
 The thrift and vigor to the land, 
 That we behold on every hand. 
 
 Some half a century ago, 
 
 We had no iron horse, you know, 
 
 Nor any locomotive power 
 
 To drag us thirty miles an hour. 
 
 Nor would you see a tiny wire, 
 
 Upon some poles a little higher, 
 
 Perhaps, than any tall man's head, 
 
 Down which the sparks of lightning sped 
 
 To carry tidings to a friend 
 
 Who chanced to be at t'other end. 
 
 Of old time, when they carried news, 
 
 They had two ways 'twixt which to choose 
 
 To run on ■ foot, or go horseback 
 
 Along the winding forest track ; 
 
POEM. 61 
 
 But now words go on wings of wind 
 As rapid as the flight of mind. 
 
 The greatest wonder of the age 
 Will now he found on history's page 
 For eighteen hundred sixty-six, — 
 When first the bold adventurers fix 
 The Atlantic cable, sure and strong, 
 And send their messages along 
 The fathomless and mighty deep, 
 Where fish in countless millions sleep. 
 
 'Tis said improvements will go on, 
 And more, and greater things, be done 
 Before the next half century's past 
 Than those we witnessed in the last. 
 If so, then we shall fly through space, 
 Like morning sunbeams' on a race, 
 For cars now carry us so fast, 
 We hardly know where we were last ; 
 And Europe and America 
 Can talk together any day ; 
 And words across the ocean find 
 Their way almost as quick as mind. 
 'Tis doubtful whether man e'er will, 
 With all his deep artistic skill 
 And great inventive powers, be able 
 To run before the Atlantic cable 
 If he outruns the iron horse 
 By any new propelling force. 
 
 Among the wonders of the past, 
 
 The temperance movements may be classed. 
 
 When men the great discovery made, 
 
 That rum was not, as had been said, 
 
 The necessary staff of life, 
 
 But fraught with death, disease and strife, — 
 
 'Twas then the power of moral suasion 
 
 Was tried on every fit occasion, 
 
 And did more good than all the laws 
 
 In rearing up the temperance cause. 
 
 The pledge was taken, and did save 
 
 It's thousands from the drunkard's grave ; 
 
 And some, "restored to hope," again, 
 
 Now rank among the best of men. 
 
 To-day we need that moral power 
 
 To meet the crisis of the hour. 
 
 We've trusted statute law in vain — 
 
 The tide is rolling back again, 
 
62 POEM. 
 
 And to arrest its fearful course 
 It must be met with moral force. 
 
 Now, at the 'isms of the past 
 One look — "not longing look" — we cast, 
 For men have strutted on the stage 
 Who brought disgrace upon the age. 
 Some 'isms have sprung up forthwith, 
 But Mormonism, led by Smith, 
 Sprung up at first, a feeble shoot, 
 Not finding soil in which to root. 
 Its life was doubtful for a time, 
 But, finding a congenial clime, 
 And soil in which its roots would take, 
 It pitched its tent around Salt Lake. 
 There it has flourished, — gone to seed, 
 And like some noxious, poisonous weed, 
 Is now, with pestilential breath 
 Dispensing sorrow, sin and death ; 
 And, with a bold and daring hand, 
 Defies the power that rules the land. 
 And yet, we fear, there are among 
 These silly dupes of Brigham Young, 
 Some townsmen, whom we've often met, 
 And have friends here who love them yet. 
 
 Some less than forty years ago, 
 
 One Miller started up, you know, 
 
 To be a prophet, and explain 
 
 What was, — what is, — and must remain 
 
 A deep, — a hidden secret, — known 
 
 To the omniscient God alone. 
 
 In eighteen hundred forty-three, 
 
 He said the end of time should be, 
 
 And earth and man would be no more. 
 
 Before the dawn of forty-four. 
 
 Well, some believed, and trembled, too, 
 
 And many round the prophet drew, 
 
 With pinions plumed to mount the skies 
 
 Whene'er the flames were seen to rise. 
 
 Yet forty-three and forty-four, 
 And even twenty-three years more 
 Have come, — have lingered, — and are gone, 
 And still the sphere is rolling on, 
 And time grows older every day, 
 Yet shows no symptoms of decay, 
 While Miller sleeps beneath the sod, 
 With those who lived before the flood. 
 
POEM. 63 
 
 If what the poet said was true, 
 And / believe it — (so do you) 
 " Aspiring to be Gods, if Angels fell 
 Aspiring to be Angels, nun rebel." 
 
 Our modern spiritualists have said 
 
 That spirits came up from the dead ; 
 
 And though no mortal eye perceived 'cm 
 
 And none but simple ones believed 'em, 
 
 They tipp'd the tables, moved the chairs, 
 
 And put on quite fantastic airs, 
 
 First came the soft and gentle tappings, 
 
 And presently the louder rappings, 
 
 And soon they'd answer yes or no, 
 
 Just as the listeners wished them to ; 
 
 Then tell about the spirit land, 
 
 Inform us in what sphere they stand, 
 
 Tell who's above them, who below, 
 
 And where departed spirits go. 
 
 And when you asked them, — (nothing daunted) 
 
 The answer'd come, just what you wanted. 
 
 And thus in various ways 'twas said, 
 
 Some held commnnion with the dead ; 
 
 And this was managed with such tact 
 
 That many thought it was a fact. 
 
 As by their footprints on the way, 
 
 We trace the 'isms of the day, 
 
 We find, alas, among the many, 
 
 Sectarianism, bad as any. 
 
 This last has stamped upon our race, 
 
 And on our churches, foul disgrace. 
 
 The truth of God has been abused, 
 
 And Christian intercourse refused, 
 
 Till charity, that Heavenly grace, 
 
 Has sought from shame a hiding place; 
 
 But, in this town, we're proud to say 
 
 That spirit does not reign to-day. 
 
 Here are three churches, and we meet, 
 
 Each Sabbath day upon the street, 
 
 Some going up, and others down, 
 
 From every portion of the town, 
 
 Each to his cherished house of prayer, 
 
 To join with those who worship there; 
 
 And yet. none ever stop to say 
 
 To those they meet, " you've lost your way ; 
 
 There is but one tnu church, you see, — 
 
 Come, turn about, and go with me." 
 
 Here, "II may keep God's holy day, 
 
64 
 
 POEM. 
 
 And worship in their chosen way. 
 Now, this is right, for Christians should, 
 Like travelers in a lonely wood, 
 Pursue the path each thinks will best 
 Conduct him to his promised rest. 
 If travelers to some distant land, 
 Each with his title deed in hand, 
 Securing each a happy home 
 When to their journey's end they come, 
 Should stop to quarrel by the way, 
 And make no progress through the day, 
 Because each had a different route, 
 When either path would lead them out, 
 'Twould prove that selfishness and sin 
 Were yet the ruling powers within. 
 But what, we ask, do Christians less, 
 While passing through life's wilderness 1 
 All have one compass, all one chart, 
 From which they never need depart ; 
 All have one object, too, in view, 
 A happy home when they are through. 
 One faith, one hope inspires them all 
 If they are Christ's, and yet they fall 
 To judging, without mercy, those 
 Who, e'er so honestly, oppose. 
 
 Gh, when will Christians cease their strife, 
 And only try to sweeten life 
 With kindness, gentleness and love, 
 Like that descending from above, — 
 First pure, then peaceful, gentle, kind, — 
 The love that moved the eternal mind 
 To give his own beloved son, 
 To die for deeds that we had done. 
 Is Christ divided 1 — can it be — 
 That God's own children, disagree, 
 Fall out, dispute and quarrel even, 
 While traveling on the road to Heaven? 
 At different altars we may bow, 
 And worship as we choose to, now, 
 But this can never make it right 
 To disagree, dispute, or fight. 
 
 Since this old township took its name, 
 Which, for a century's been the same, 
 Three direful wars have drenched the land 
 With blood and tears, on every hand ; 
 And Hubbardston has had its share 
 Of all these dreadful woes, to bear. 
 
POEM. G5 
 
 Our fathers threw off England's yoke, 
 And from colonial bondage "broke; 
 And, in a time that tried men's souls 
 Attained the power that still controls 
 The destinies of this great nation, 
 That ranks so high in wealth and station. 
 Peace came, — but soon another war 
 With our old mother, — bloodier far, 
 Broke out, and madly raged awhile ; 
 But peace, with her benignant smile, 
 Dispell'd the clouds, dried up the tears, 
 And reigned again for many years. 
 Again, in eighteen sixty-one, 
 A fearful civil war begun, 
 That, like a mighty sweeping flood, 
 Drenched all this goodly land with blood. 
 When honored fathers, brothers, sons, 
 And dearly loved and cherished ones, 
 By tens of thousands, had been slain, 
 Peace smiled upon the land again, 
 And with the dawn of sixty-five 
 The nation's drooping hopes revive. 
 But as the spring in beauty opes, 
 And all are buoyant with new hopes, 
 A sudden gloom comes o'er the land, 
 When, by the bold assassin's hand, 
 The man at helm, who'd steer'd so well 
 And was so loved and honored, — fell. 
 Then grief and mourning settled o'er 
 This mighty land, — not known before ; 
 For, worst of all, the government, 
 By party broils, in twain was rent, 
 And patriots, with a tearful eye, 
 Beheld the clouds that veiled the sky, 
 Which, by their wild and angry form 
 Seemed to forebode a coming storm. 
 
 We see these clouds still hovering round, 
 And hear the thunder's distant sound. 
 From north to south, — from cast to west, 
 One jiri In and, more than all the rest, 
 Shines up the clouds with horrid glare, 
 As if a lire was kindling there, 
 That in one general conflagration, 
 Would yet involve this mighty nation. 
 The reconstruction of the States 
 'Twould seem was destined, by the fates, 
 To spread the conflagration more 
 Than Samson's foxes did of yore, — 
 
 9 
 
66 
 
 POEM. 
 
 Who, with a firebrand to each tail, 
 
 Ran through .the corn and down the vale, 
 
 And filled with horror and dismay, 
 
 The poor Philistines of that day. 
 
 The rebel States are firebrands now 
 
 That set the country all aglow, 
 
 And sparks of the secession brand 
 
 Are kindling up all o'er the land, 
 
 And, what our future is to be 
 
 No mortal man can yet foresee. 
 
 We meddle not with politics. 
 
 Of parties, or of party tricks, 
 
 We here have not a word to say ; 
 
 'Tis not the time, the place, the day, 
 
 To bring up themes of any kind 
 
 That so distract the public mind. 
 
 We mucli regret the party strife 
 
 Which through the land is now 60 rife ; 
 
 That spirifs wrong, but we persist 
 
 'Tis well that parties do exist ; 
 
 They are a check to those in power, 
 
 Without which, in some evil hour, 
 
 They might incline to go astray, 
 
 Or wander far from the right way, 
 
 And governments as good as ours 
 
 Claim more than delegated powers. 
 
 Without the check that parties hold, 
 
 The men in office might grow bold, 
 
 And despotism have a birth 
 
 On this most favored spot of earth. 
 
 If party spirit is a curse, 
 That of mad speculation 's worse, 
 That's now so rampant in the land, 
 And seen, and felt on every hand. 
 Once we could traffic with the great 
 Producing lands by paying frieght, 
 And sugar, cotton, flour and rice 
 Were had at the producer's price. 
 Now speculators, cash in hand, 
 Are roaming up and down the land 
 To seize on all that conies their way, 
 As hungry wolves pounce on their prey, 
 And one, perhaps, sells to another 
 Mean, swindling, speculating brother; 
 And thus things go from hand to hand 
 Until the poor consumers stand 
 In want, — and are compelled to buy, 
 
POEM. 67 
 
 Though prices may lit: twice as high 
 As e'er they should, or would have heen 
 But for these speculating men. 
 Call politicians what you please, — 
 They're honest men, compared with these. 
 
 To our friends from abroad, permit mo to say, 
 
 We welcome you here, most gladly, to-day. 
 
 On this great occasion, 'tis joyous to meet 
 
 The sons of old Hubbardston on the old street, 
 
 Where often we've met in youth's sunny days 
 
 At meeting, — at school,— and in frolicsome plays. 
 
 If 'tis not so now, the place of our birth 
 
 In childhood 's the dearest of any on earth ; 
 
 And even in manhood, it's never forgot ; 
 
 We always remember and cherish the spot 
 
 Where loved ones watched o'er us in our helpless hours, 
 
 And where we first lingered among the sweet flowers. 
 
 There is one pleasant feature about our old place, 
 
 That e'en to be proud of would be no disgrace, — 
 
 If we travel New England all through, up or down, 
 
 We find but few places, perhaps, not a town, 
 
 Where less aristocracy is to be found, 
 
 Or more democratic feelings abound. 
 
 There's little of caste ; — the rich and the poor 
 
 Have access alike to every man's door. 
 
 If we look at the present or past, we shall find 
 
 That Hubbardston people are friendly and kind. 
 
 As a general thing, for the last hundred years, 
 
 They've regarded, and treated their neighbors as peers. 
 
 If any grew haughty, — if rich, young or old, 
 
 They soon found themselves " left out in the cold." 
 
 If they took a position above their true place, 
 
 They met with no favor, but rather disgrace. 
 
 We have no religious dissensions of note ; 
 
 The ladies don't grumble because they can't vote; 
 
 And at all the social gatherings we find, 
 
 All classes" can mingle with one heart and mind. 
 
 We hope it will be so for long years to come, 
 
 When we are forgotten, at this our old home. 
 
 Although your new homes may be far away, 
 We rejoice that we've been permitted, to-day, 
 To meet you, as ofttimc we've met you before, 
 And sit at the table together once more. 
 And when you return to the place you love best, 
 Be it far to the east, or the south, or the wist. 
 We hope you'll be happy for long years to come 
 On the spot you've adopted as your second home. 
 
68 POEM. 
 
 If our homes lie far distant, our country's the same, 
 
 And alike we rejoice in her glory and fame. 
 
 We all love that country, though much we deplore 
 
 The storms cf dissension that howl at her door ; 
 
 And we'd have every plague-spot that rests on her now 
 
 Wiped off, and forever, from her noble brow. 
 
 We would have the monuments reared to her sons, 
 
 Her heroes of old time, and more recent ones, 
 
 Stand up in their glory, till marble shall rust, 
 
 And granite, through age, shall crumble to dust. 
 
 Now that most unnatural of all wars is o'er, 
 
 And the blood of her sons is streaming no more, 
 
 Now she is de facto, the land of the free, 
 
 The model of nations, that she's claimed to be, 
 
 Now bodies and souls are not bartered for gold, 
 
 Nor husbands and wives at the auction block sold, 
 
 We would this great country, from th' Pacific to Maine, 
 
 Might all be united and happy again. 
 
 That a spirit of concord and love might shine forth 
 
 Through the cast and the west, the south and the north ; 
 
 And a union cf states be cemented once more, 
 
 More perfect and happy than ever before. 
 
 If only she's freed from her internal foes, 
 
 We may hope for our country a lasting repose. 
 
 Now, soon, dear friends, this meeting ends, 
 
 Our last, perhaps, on earth ; 
 Some leave, to-day, for homes away, 
 
 Far from their place of birth. 
 The parting word, — the last farewell 
 Is one that makes the bosom swell. 
 
 Yet, as we part, each throbbing heart, 
 With thoughts of home will beat, 
 
 For many here have homes now dear, 
 And friends they hope to meet, 
 
 Far from this old, long-cherished spot, 
 
 Though this can never be forgot. 
 
 Those leave to-day, — while others stay, 
 
 Still lingering in the arms 
 Of our old mother, for no other 
 
 Has yet possessed her charms 
 For those, who, from their childhood up, 
 Have sipp'd their life-blood from her cup. 
 
 There's now a vacant lot, 
 In some old burial spot, 
 
 That waits for you and me ; 
 
POEM. 69 
 
 For time, that rolls along, 
 Bears on its current strong, 
 Such slender harks as we, 
 To sink them in that endless deep, 
 Where now, such countless millions sleep. 
 
 Yet, there's a home above, 
 Of pure, undying love, 
 
 Where friends may meet once more. 
 May we, and every son 
 Of good old Hubbardston, . 
 
 When this short life is o'er, 
 Be borne to that delightful home, 
 Where parting seasons never come. 
 
PROCEEDINGS AND EXERCISES. 
 
 At a legal town meeting of the inhabitants of the town of Hubbards- 
 ton, held on the 2nd day of April, 1866, a committee consisting of ffm. 
 Bennett, Elisha Woodward, Levi Peirce, Henry Prentiss, and Aaron 
 Greenwood were chosen to take into consideration the propriety of hold- 
 ing a Centennial Celebration, when the one hundredth Anniversary of 
 the Incorporation of the town should arrive. 
 
 At a, subsequent meeting, held Nov. 6th, of that year, the Committee 
 made their report, recommending that a day on or about the 13tb of 
 June, A. D. 1S67, be set apart and observed as a Centennial Celebration, 
 in accordance with the customs of the times in the vicinity. And also 
 recommended that a Committee of Arrangements, and other necessary 
 committees be appointed, and an appropriation of three hundred dollars 
 be made to defray the expenses of procuring an historical address to be 
 delivered on that occasion, and the publication of that address, and 
 other statistics and historical information connected therewith. 
 
 And the Town voted to accept and adopt the report, and thereupon 
 chose Levi Peirce, Elisha Woodward, William Bennett, Lyman Wood- 
 ward, and T. Sibley Heald, as the Committee of Arrangements, and en- 
 trusted them with the entire subject. 
 
 This Committee soon after held a meeting and took into consideration 
 the subject, and deeming it advisable to have a larger Committee, directed 
 their Chairman to call an informal nfeeting of the citizens of the town, 
 to consider the propriety of enlarging the Committee. A call for this 
 meeting was issued by the Chairman, and at the time appointed for the 
 meeting a large number of persons assembled, and much interest was 
 manifested. The Chairman stated the object of the meeting, and after 
 remarks had been made by several other gentlemen, it was decided to 
 add six more names to the Committee. 
 
 And thereupon Wm. G. Clark, Abel Howe, Horace Underwood, 
 Spencer Prentiss, Luke Williams, Jr., and Moses C. Wheeler, were 
 placed upon the Committee of Arrangements. 
 
 The Committee continued to hold meetings by adjournment from time 
 to time till June 12th, when they adjourned sine die, to be called togeth- 
 er again at such time as the Chairman should appoint. 
 
 At these meetings the Committee took measures to secure an Address 
 and Poem, and having engaged a Caterer, and made such other arrange- 
 
PROCEEDINGS AND EXERCISES. 71 
 
 ments as they deemed necessary, selected the following gentlemen as 
 Officers of the Day : — 
 President, Levi Peirce. 
 Vice Presidents, Col. Moses Watte,* 
 
 Dr. Moses Phelps, t 
 
 Capt. Ebenezer Stow, J 
 
 Moses C. Wheeler, ^ 
 
 Oren Marean, \ § 
 
 Abel Howe, 
 To which were afterwards added nearly all the aged gentleman in the town. 
 Chief Marshal, Lyman Woodward. 
 Assistant Marshals, Wm. H. Whittemorr, F. P. Morse, R. II. Waite, 
 
 and Asa II. Church. 
 The School children to be marshaled by the School Committee. 
 Toast Master, J. C. Gleason. 
 Chaplain, Rev. I. B. Bigelow. 
 
 The day preceding the Celebration was remarkably fine, and life and 
 animation pervaded our village. Two spacious tents had been erected 
 on our Common, under one of which the exercises before dinner were to 
 be performed, and under the other, the dinner, poems, sentiments, re- 
 sponses, and other exercises were to come oft'. A broad arch spanned 
 the street midway, bearing a hearty welcome to all the returning sons 
 and daughters of old Hubbardston, supported by a smaller arch on each 
 side, spanning the sidewalks, crowned with appropriate devices and mot- 
 tos. All the dwellings along upon Main Street were tastefully decora- 
 ted, and the preparations for the coming day seemed complete. 
 
 As the sun descended to the west that afternoon it was obscured b}' 
 clouds, and the evening betokened an approaching storm, so that many 
 of our citizens retired that night with feelings of despondency, lest the 
 festivities of the coming day should be interrupted by the state of the 
 weather ; but a slight sprinkle of rain during the evening bad the effect 
 of laying the dust, and rendering the air more salubrious. Bui as 
 morning dawned, the clouds had departed, and it was emphatically ,t a 
 morning with clouds." 
 
 The sun rose in all its splendor and shone forth upon an unclouded 
 skj'. and green fields and meadows, and upon the full foliage of OUT 
 woodlands and beautiful shade trees. And as the sun made his appear- 
 ance above the horizon, he was greeted with one hundred reports from 
 the open mouth of the cannon, and the chiming music of our village 
 church bells. 
 
 The town was resplendent with flags and evergreens, and everything 
 smiling, as if it had put on its holiday attire, and was extending the 
 
 *One of the Selectmen Brat in 1814, Representative in 1830, and new in the eighty-eighth 
 year of his age. 
 
 tone of the selectmen in 1818, Representative in 1828, ami now in the eight] -second year >>r 
 iii- age. 
 
 {One of the Selectmen in 1821, ami now in the elghty-sei enth year "t hi 
 
 §The present Board of Selectmen. 
 
72 
 
 PROCEEDINGS AND EXERCISES. 
 
 right hand of fellowship and welcoming all to the paternal mansion. 
 At an early hour in the morning groups of little children were seen 
 upon all the roads entering the village, in vehicles and on foot, hurry- 
 ing towards the centre of attraction. And the little children were not 
 alone in their glee, but children of a larger growth joined in the general 
 throng. And the hoary headed, upon whose brows the snows of more 
 than fourscore years had fallen, and had bleached their thin locks to 
 the hue of the drifted snow, and who were now leaning on crutches and 
 staffs, were also making haste to join in the gathering, and persons of 
 all ages and conditions met on one common level and extended the 
 hand of friendship, accompanied with words of welcome to their broth- 
 ers and cousins, who were now pouring in from the surrounding towns. 
 At about 9 o'clock in the morning the children, under the lead of 
 Horace Underwood, formed in procession near the Star Hotel, and 
 preceded by the Hnbbardston Brass Band marched to the Unitarian 
 Church, where they were addressed by Rev. C. W. Allen, Rev. J. M. 
 Stowe. Rev. G. W. Phillips, and others. After the addresses, which 
 were well received by the children, the procession was again formed as 
 before, and marched to Mechanics Hall, where a bountiful supply of 
 refreshments had been provided, and they were then left to enjoy them- 
 selves to the best of their ability. 
 
 At about 11 o'clock, A. M., the grand procession formed on the Com- 
 mon, under the lead of the Chief Marshal, Capt. Lyman Woodward, 
 in the following order : — 
 
 The Asnaconcomic Lodge of Good Templars. 
 Hubbardston Brass Band. 
 The President of the Day, Orator, and Chaplain. 
 Vice Presidents. 
 The Committee of Arrangements. 
 The Rev. Clergy, Invited Guests, and Representatives of the Press. 
 Citizens of Rutland, Barre, Princeton, and Oakham. 
 Citizens of other Towns. 
 Citizens of Hubbai-dston. 
 The procession passed through the village beneath the beautiful 
 shade trees on the easterly side of Main Street, and returned on the 
 westerly side of the street, and entered the Grand Pavilion, on the west- 
 erly side of the Common, where as many of the audience as could be 
 accommodated with seats were thus provided for, while the remainder 
 stood. 
 
 The exercises in the tent were, first, Music by the Band ; Reading of 
 the following selection of the Scriptures by Rev. S. Saltmarsh of Dor- 
 chester : — 
 
 Give ear, my people to my law ; incline your ears to the words of my mouth. 
 
 I will utter dark sayings of old which we have heard and known and our 
 fathers have told us. 
 
 We will not hide them from their children, shewing to the generation to come 
 the praises of the Lord, and his strength, and his wonderful works that He hath 
 
PROCEEDINGS AND EXERCISES. ~'-\ 
 
 done. For He established a testimony in Jacob, and appointed a law in [srael, 
 
 which he commanded our fathers that they should make them known to their 
 children; that the generation to come might know them, even the children which 
 should be born ; who should arise and declare them to their children ; that they 
 might set their hope in God, and not forget the words of God, but keep his com- 
 mandments. 
 
 God of hosts, look down from heaven, and behold and visit this vine, and the 
 vineyard which thy right hand hath planted. 
 
 1 will lift up mine eyes unto the hills from whence eometh my help. My help 
 cometh from the Lord who made heaven and earth. 
 
 Peace be within thy walls and prosperity within thy palaces. 
 
 Seeing we also are compassed about by a great cloud of witnesses, let us lay 
 aside every weight, and the sin that doth so easily beset us, and let us run with 
 patience the race that is set before as : looking unto Jesus, the author and finisher 
 of our faith. 
 
 Now the God of peace that bronght again from the dead our Lord Jesus, that 
 Great Shepherd of the sheep, through the power of the everlasting covenant, 
 make you perfect in every good work to do his will, working in you that which 
 is well-pleasing in his sight, through Jesus Christ; to whom be glory forever and 
 ever. Amen. 
 
 The President then rose and addressed the assembly as follows : — 
 
 Fellow Citizens, — I congratulate you upon the auspices of this interesting 
 occasion. All nature seems to have arrayed herself in her richest livery to wel- 
 come in this momentous event. 
 
 The earth drops sweetness all around 
 1 , And all the air is balm. 
 
 Friends, former residents of the town, in behalf of the citizens I bid you wel- 
 come back to the old homestead. These rock-bound hills, these green valleys, 
 these meandering streams, all tend to bring vividly before your minds scenes in 
 your childhood days, when you chased the butterfly, and gathered lilies on yon- 
 der meadows, or built miniature mill-dams on the little pools of water upon their 
 margin. Though you have been separated from us by many a mile and long, be 
 assured that you have always been missed ai home. Oft ill the stilly night, and 
 in our more waking hours, the remembrance of some loved and absent friend far 
 away, would, in spite of nature's effort, cause the tear to unbidden fall, but thanks 
 to a kind Providence that so many of our friends have been preserved, and en- 
 abled to come up hither, to mingle their congratulations with ours on this our 
 natal birthday. 1 bid you thrice welcome to the festivities of this occasion. 
 
 The song' "Home Again," by the choir. 
 Prayer by the Chaplain. 
 
 The following original Hymn was read by Rev. S. Saltinarsli. and 
 
 snug by the choir: % 
 
 Since Bubbardston first took its name, 
 
 An hundred years have passed away, 
 And here from distant homes we came, 
 
 To celebrate her first birthday. 
 
 10 
 
74: PROCEEDINGS AND EXERCISES. 
 
 We're here because this sacred spot, 
 
 The old homestead that gave us birth, 
 If left can never be forgot, 
 
 'Mid all the changing scenes of earth. 
 
 While friendly greetings we extend, 
 
 And tears of joy unbidden fall, 
 Let songs of Praise to Plim ascend, 
 
 Whose mercy has sustained us all. 
 
 As we look back with mem'ry's eye, 
 
 And mark the progress of our race, 
 We feel that blessings from on high, 
 
 Have long been showered upon the place. 
 
 And may a holy, hallowed thought, 
 
 Inspire and cheer each throbbing breast, 
 As we in sadness view the spot 
 
 Where those old Pilgrim Fathers rest. 
 
 • Then let us praise our father's God, 
 
 Who led them here when all was new, 
 Who smoothed the rugged path they trod, 
 And watched them all life's journey through. 
 
 After the conclusion of the hymn, Rev. J. M. Stowe, the Orator of the 
 day, was introduced by the President, and for two hours received the 
 undivided attention of the entire audience. 
 
 The address was delivered in a bold, firm, clear, and manly tone, and 
 save that the speaker was occasionally interrupted by bursts of ap- 
 plause, silence reigned, and the closest attention was given till the close. 
 
 The benediction was pronounced by Rev. G. W. Phillips of Hayden- 
 ville. 
 
 The assembly now immediately repaired to the other tent, where the 
 dinner was waiting. After that, had been dispatched the Poem was 
 read by Horace Underwood. The President then called for the first 
 regular sentiment, which was announced by the Toast Master as 
 follows : — 
 
 1. Old Bubbardston ; old as a hundred years, yet never so young as to-day! 
 The bkssings we to-day possess and enjoy are due to the prudence, perseverance, 
 and patriotism of our Fathers and Mothers. May we ever keep green their 
 memory, press on in the path of progress, and stand as true and firm as her ever- 
 lasting hills. 
 
 This sentiment was briefly responded to by Wm. Bennett, who related 
 several of the acts and doings of the first settlers of the town, showing 
 their liberal appropriations for educational purposes, and public im- 
 provements; claiming that these were evidences of their perseverance 
 and patriotism; and that when these appropriations were withheld it 
 
PROCEEDINGS AND EXERCISES. 
 
 75 
 
 was the result of prudence and not parsimony, and that we had reason 
 to be proud of their record. 
 
 2. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts. 
 
 As a response to this sentiment the following letter from His Excel- 
 lency Alexander II. Bullock, Governor of the Commonwealth, in re- 
 ply to an invitation extended to him to favor us with his presence on this 
 occasion, was read by Lyman Woodward, Esq. : — 
 
 Commonwealth of Massachusetts. 
 
 Executive Department, ) 
 
 Boston, June 5th, 1867. J 
 
 My Dear Sir. — I acknowledge with high gratification your esteemed favor of 
 the twenty-ninth of May, in which you honor me by an invitation to lie present 
 with my fellow citizens of Hubhanlston on the thirteenth of the present month in 
 observing the centennial celebration of the history of the town. 
 
 I would that I might come to your joyous holiday, hut other and previous ap- 
 pointments of official duty will keep me away. 
 
 This I especially regret, for I claim the honor of affinity, at least of neighbor- 
 hood, with the good and ancient town of Hubbardston. My own native town of 
 Royalston, in our common county of Worcester, separated from yours only by 
 the lines of one intervening municipality, was settled and incorporated almost 
 simultaneously with your own. The two towns have gone together from the first 
 start to the last goal. Let me take pride in the thought that Hubbardston and 
 Royalston have been joined by one common tie in the periods of colonization, of 
 incorporation, of community in all the wars of the country, and of the present 
 sublime opening to the future grandeur of our beloved Union. 
 
 With these reminiscences of the mutual relations of your towu with mine, I 
 conclude by asking you to accept as my sentiment, 
 
 Hubbardston, Royalston, Worcester North, — All bound together in the ties of 
 a common and simultaneous beginning, and of a common and indivisible distiny. 
 
 I remain, my dear sir, with the cordiality of a son of old Worcester County, 
 
 Your Obedient Servant, 
 
 ALEX. H. BULLOCK. 
 Lyman Woodward, Esq., 
 For the Committee, &c, &c, for Hubbardston 
 Celebration, Hubbardston, Mass. 
 
 3. Old Hubbardston, — Our birthplace. 
 
 That Hubbardston, our place of birth, 
 The only home we 've known on earth, 
 May stand upon the roll of fame 
 Without one blot upon her name; 
 That they who hear life's burdens now, 
 Anil show no wrinkles on the brow, 
 May all be true and loyal ones ; 
 And that their daughters and their sons 
 
76 
 
 PROCEEDINGS AND EXERCISES. 
 
 May grow up virtuous, true, and fair, 
 Will ever be the old foils' daily prayer. 
 
 To which J. C. Gleason responded as follows : — 
 
 It is with peculiar feelings of grateful emotion that I, in behalf of the young 
 men and women here to-day, attempt to reply to this generous prayer of the old 
 folks. 
 
 Gathered as we have to-day from different points, to celebrate the natal hour of 
 this good old town, the home and birthplace of those so near and dear to us, 
 while we love to look upon these hills so old and so beautiful, these vales so attrac- 
 tive in their quietness and fertility, and to revisit the scenes of childhood and 
 youth, the haunts of our boyish sports and innocent games, and it all enkindles 
 the livliest sentiments within our hearts,— sentiments of joy and of pride, — still our 
 greatest joy to-day consists in recounting the acts of those whose names are so in- 
 terwoven with the interests of the town, in its history of these hundred years, in 
 meeting and seeing again so many of them, and whom we may call by the endear- 
 ing name of fathers and mothers. It is they whom we love to honor and remem- 
 ber in all places with the greatest regard and with the pride of true sonship. 
 
 To-day, in the sentiment now read, they have uttered the fond petition of their 
 hearts, — their noble aspirations for their children. And we can appreciate, as we 
 hope, its meaning. To us who are ready to enter upon the conflicts of life, and 
 to those who have already seen some years of arduous toil in the varied fields of 
 industry and business, these cheering words from home, these true and generous 
 impulses of those ever dear, become the strongest incentives to action, the most 
 powerful appeals to do and to dare. 
 
 We need it all, and the power of human praise even, cannot be too fully esti- 
 mated. Like a galvanic current it sometimes sends new life and energy into 
 every nerve and tissue of our organization, enkindling anew the loftiest ambi- 
 tions, and inspiring to the greatest and most heroic deeds. Some years ago, in 
 the metropolis of the old world, during a conflagratiou which devastated a large 
 part of one of its principal streets, a flaming splinter was borne by the wind and 
 caught on the spire of the church of St. Peter's. 
 
 To save that costly edifice becomes now the object of many a heart. How 
 shall it be done. At length, after much delay, a sailor runs up from the crowd- 
 ed throng, and is soon seen climbing, with fearless energy, the lightning rod, 
 while the multitude below are gazing in breathless admiration. He ascends with 
 wonderful celerity until, when the flaming brand is almost within his reach, his 
 strength fails, the hopes of the vast throng of spectators seem destined to be dis- 
 appointed, when, happening to be near the scene, the elder Booth, the great trage- 
 dian, well knowing the magic power of that influence, jumps upon a loaded dray, 
 shouting " Cheer him, cheer him," and as " three times three" ascend from the 
 vast number below, new strength pervades the hero, he mounts yet higher, extin- 
 guishes the flame, and descends in triumph to receive the congratulations of the 
 thousands about him. Thus was the cathedral of St. Peter's saved, and such, too, 
 is the power of human praise. 
 
 We thank you for it, and our effort will ever be to prove worthy of it. 
 
 We have often heard the regret expressed that so many of the young men, and 
 especially those of energy and talent, leave their native town, elsewhere to seek 
 their fortunes and make their homes. 
 
PROCEEDINGS AND EXERCISES. 77 
 
 To this wc need only reply, it is but natural. Just as, in obedience to the law 
 of gravity, water will run down hill, so, to-day, the direction of the business 
 energy and capital is towards those places most accessible ami best adapted by 
 nature to become centres of trade and industrial interests. 
 
 Let, the% your young men go where they can best display their energies and 
 
 develop their talents. In this way, will they most honor the place of their birth. 
 Your pride shall he that your town has sent so many away to win laurels for her. 
 Like the old New Hampshire farmer who, when asked, " What do you raise up 
 here among these rocks and hills?" replied " Men, sir, men who are known all 
 over the land for their character and influence ;" so yon, if need be, may remem- 
 ber that men are the noblest product of any soil, that the lessons of thrift ami in- 
 dustry and virtue which the youth in these hilly, quiet towns are getting will not 
 be in vain. 
 
 What we need everywhere is men with vigorous bodies, healthy brains and 
 sound morals. A .man is a better citizen and a truer Christian who has a healthy 
 organization. The men and women raised in these hilly towns of .Massachusetts 
 are the pride and honor of our State. They could never have become such as 
 they are, deprived of the pure bracing air and healthful discipline of their earh 
 homes. 
 
 And it is so universally. * I once counted from a single hill top in a township 
 of Litchfield Co., Conn., the birthplaces of no less than Jour College Presidents, 
 one Governor, and one U. S. Senator. 
 
 Give your young first a healthy physical development, and afterwards a sound 
 intellectual and moral training, and vou will never need blush for their course "/' 
 life. 
 
 Young friends, you and I, who to-day receive these many wishes for our future 
 success, and who have enjoyed so richly of the fruits of our fathers' toil ami sacri- 
 fice, have each a duty to do. 
 
 Life is a grand reality and consists in a multitude of little things. Everyone 
 must realize it if he would succeed. The young are the hope of every people, and 
 around them centres the greatest interests and responsibilities. And none of us 
 are too humble to do each his respective duty. We art; not all called to the pul- 
 pit, the bar, the sick room or the platform, yet none can be exempt from duty. 
 Men of actions, not words, bear rule to-day. To be honored /«»<•, a man musl </« 
 something, and there is an eloquena of silenct which passes speech. Carlyle has 
 written hundreds of pages, I had well nigh said a full volume, to prove it, while 
 the most popular man on this continent at tlii- hour, (leu. Grant, has most beau- 
 tifully exemplified it in his own history, for he, a man of action, never made a 
 speech in his life. 
 
 The conditions of success then are accessible to each individual, the induce- 
 ments to apply them are great ami cheering, and the rewards both Bure and satis- 
 fying. 
 
 May, then, the fond wish of the fathers be in us most fully realized, that what- 
 ever else in the coming hundred years of the history of this town shall lie 
 written to her praise, not the least of all shall lie the honor which her BOns -hall 
 bring unto her. that her name and her glory may be ever brightening and beau- 
 teous to heboid. 
 
78 PROCEEDINGS AND EXERCISES. 
 
 4. The Flag of oar Country. Our Fathers set up this banner in the name of 
 the Lord. Not one star has been erased, but, reversing the order of nature, new 
 Stars are constantly rising in her Western Jiorizon. 
 
 This sentiment was not responded to. ' 
 
 5. The past Residents of Hubbardslon, — who have worked for us and with us 
 in faithfulness. We appreciate their labors, and extend to them a renewed cordial 
 greeting. 
 
 Rev. Serb. Saltmarsh was now called upon, and responded as follows, 
 to wit : — 
 Mr. President : 
 
 There are few words, if any, that thrill the heart with more intensity than the 
 word Home : no place that is so sacred to every feeling, unselfish spirit. 
 
 The absent one, who has found a new place of rest and of labor, where he has 
 gathered aroUnd him what is sweet and holy in life ; where all his interests, busi- 
 ness, — social and religious — seem to be centred, will, as his " heart, untraveled, 
 fondly turns" to the place of his birth and of his early associations, pronounce 
 the word with sacred tenderness, and cherish the desire to look upon it again ; 
 and when that desire has become fruition, when he returns to the home and 
 scenes of his early days, how readily do all the events of former time pass before 
 the eye of memory, with the risen ghosts of what was buried from his thought, 
 and rehearse the drama of that early period of his life. 
 
 Undoubtedly, sir, on such a retrospect beneath the operation of the influences 
 that revive the past personal history and that of contemporaries, there must be 
 much of sad as of pleasant remembrances. Even the sweeter memories must be 
 tinged with sadness, if for no other reason, that the associations have been broken 
 by separations, and by <l<uth. Still we are glad to 
 
 " revive those times, 
 And in our memories keep green and fresh, 
 Like flowers in water, those earlier days, 
 When at our eyes, our souls kindled their mutual fires, 
 And linked and twined in one, 
 We knit our hearts together." 
 
 You do well, Mr. President, and friends, on an occasion like this, to remove 
 with tender hand the moss and dust that have gathered upon the tombs of the 
 fathers, and of all former generations during " the lapse of the century" of your 
 town existence, to recount — as has been so well and wisely done to-day by your 
 orator — their excellencies, while you recall defects, — to call up from the deep sea 
 of what we name oblivion, the deeds and communings of the past, — to renew vows 
 of love for the spot of mother earth where your eyes first opened upon the light, 
 — consider well what the debt is you owe, and how you shall most faithfully 
 repay it. 
 
 Next to the satisfaction and joy of returning to one's place of birth, the home 
 of early days, and living over again in the brief period that may be given, the 
 events of the past, is that which comes to him who returns, as at your kind bid- 
 ding I have done to-day, to the place of his sojourning, where he found a home, 
 and interwove into the web of life holy and pleasing associations. 
 
proceeds ;s and exercises. 79 
 
 It was my province, sir, to stand not a< settled minister — in these days, to a large 
 extent, a paradoxical expression — but in the position of provisional Pastor over 
 one of your Christian Churches, for the space of twenty-seven months. 
 
 It was a period of uninterrupted peace, not only as regards intercourse with 
 
 my own immediate friends, but with all the people of this town of my acquain- 
 tance, — of more than peace, — of affection and reciprocal kindly feeling ; bo that 
 I come hack to your pleasant town, not as a stranger, or " mere looker-on in 
 Vienna," but as a friend amongst friends, to receive, as I have, a large hospitality, 
 and a fraternal greeting. 
 
 And this emboldens me to stand in what the occasion summons me to call this 
 august presence, as it were with the eyes of a century looking upon us, amidst 
 the hosts of the unseen and seen, to add a few words to those I have heretofore 
 spoken. 
 
 Mr. President, as you stand here to-day reviewing the past, — as you recount in 
 word or thought, the men of former time, — upon whom does memory mosl readily 
 linger ? Whose names are most ready upon your lips '. Is it not of those whom 
 you call th good? Were it not wise, then, for us to consider thai we are writing 
 our hit tory for "future generations to read, — that our children's children will speak 
 of us as we are, or refuse to speak of us because our memories are- not what they 
 should be, when they shall remove the moss and dust from our tombs, at the close 
 of another century. 
 
 The prosperity of a people from the nation to the individual, depends upon 
 moral status, not on wealth or outward seeming. A good, posthumous reputation, 
 whether of person or a community, is a thing we may justly crave and labor for. 
 You know me too well to think, for a moment, that I would urge you to the en- 
 couragement and planting of high moral ideas, for the sake of outward good, 
 though, on that ground, one could say much. 
 
 The Christian idea is the only true one — "he that Ioseth his life shall ki 
 unto life eternal." The performance of present duty, in the way and place 
 of divine appointment, in an unselfish spirit, is the performance of duty to birth- 
 place and brethren, and to coming generations. 
 
 We need no prophet's eye to enable us to look into the future, to determine what 
 seed we shall sow, so that the future fruits shall be adequate to that coming gen- 
 eration's wants. Duty lies in present action, in sell-denial, and sacrifice, and 
 labor for present good, in training our children by example, and teaching them to 
 live for the future good of all that shall succeed them, by living for the good of 
 those around them. * * * * 
 
 The noble, strong, good, valiant, reliable minds and hearts and hands, are not 
 those who received their nobility, or strength, or valor, or goodness, hy descent, 
 but those who, inspired by true ideas of greatness, and feeling that they were born 
 of God, and endowed with power for good deed-, went out of themselves, and 
 consecrated all to noble issues, — who, it may be, desired to live in the world's 
 esteem as Christ did in the memory of coming times, but remembered in all, the 
 true foundation, and built on that. 
 
 6. The Orator and Po'el of the day. 
 
 When Hubbardston has any favors to ask in their line, they will ever be found 
 ready and willing to be-Stowe. 
 To which the Rev. J. .M. Stowe very humorously replied, which was 
 
80 PROCEEDINGS AND EXERCISES. 
 
 received with bursts of applause. The President then called upon 
 Deacon Ephraim Stowe, and all that could have been said by the son 
 to heighten the mirth and excitement, but was by him neglected, was 
 added by the father, which emphatically ''brought down the house.'' 
 
 7. Barre, Our right hand sister, — a fortress on our Western border. We 
 know she will protect us, and yet we do not fear her, even though her Woods 
 come towards us. 
 
 The President now called upon Edwin Woods, Esq., of Barre, whom 
 it was expected would have been present, but Mr. W. did not respond. 
 Whereupon the President said, " I see before me a gentleman from Con- 
 cord, who though not claiming to be a native of Hnbbardston, yet he 
 united with one of our Churches more than thirty years ago, and 
 although never a resident in our town, has ever since continued a con- 
 sistent member, and endeared himself to all our Churches. I call upon 
 Sampson Mason. Esq., * of Concord." 
 
 Mr. M. responded as follows : 
 
 A hundred years — a hundred years — have mingled with the past, 
 Since in this pleasant, rural town our fathers' lines were cast. 
 A hundred years — a hundred years — and this the natal day; 
 Of all that proud, ancestral race — our fathers — where are they ? 
 
 Their children's children hither come, a jubilee to keep, 
 While their ancestral, patriarch sires rest from their toil, and sleep ; 
 Not homes like these, or pleasant fields, for them were spread around, 
 But, on a howling wilderness Wachusett mountain frowned. 
 
 The wintry clouds hung darker then, and deeper fell the snow, 
 
 And stronger were the icy chains that checked the river's flow ; 
 
 The hungry wolf, the savage bear, with lurking, stealthy tread, 
 
 Came prowling round those scattered homes, their terror and their dread. 
 
 And sad the legendary tale, narrated to •our day, 
 
 How to these fierce intruders two children fell a prey. 
 
 Dense forests of primeval trees some new-made home concealed, 
 And only where its fire-side blazed, the curling smoke revealed. 
 Oft scantily the board was spread, and thin their homespun clothes, 
 A failing crop, or scanty yield, were added to their woes. 
 
 Their candle was the flaming knot, to light the little room, 
 As whirled the busy spinning wheel, or clatter went the loom ; 
 The day's more active labors done in forest or in field, 
 Evening claimed some lighter task, ere sleep their eyelids sealed. 
 Anon these wilds were furrowed land, the forest felt the axe, 
 Our mothers made the dairy thrive, and spun the wool and flax. 
 
 f Husband of Mary Church. 
 
PROCEEDINGS AND EXERCISES. 81 
 
 A brighter day seemed dawning now, when cave and fear should cease ; 
 The herd were thriving in the stall, earth yielded her increase ; 
 The church had gathered in her flock, the place of worship rose, 
 Secluded 'midst surrounding hills did Hubbardston repose. 
 
 A term of many happy years seemed now to them secured, 
 As a reward for all their toil, and hardship long endured. 
 But as the ever shifting sand, or restless waters' How, 
 Unstable are our hopes of bliss, or happiness below. 
 
 Across Atlantic's surging waves, by cable then unspanned, 
 Taxation and oppressive laws came from the mother-land. 
 A stormy cloud was gathering now, it gloom and darkness spread ; 
 But courago did not fail our sires, — hear what they did and said : 
 
 " Shall we submit, tamely submit, to those so far away ? 
 
 Shall Tyranny or Freedom reign ; or freemen kings obey ? 
 
 We've sought redress, craved milder laws, but sought and craved in vain ; 
 
 All our petitions thus denied, one other course is plain. 
 
 Our cause it is a righteous one, the country must be free, 
 
 These wilds were cleared, these homesteads reared, and pledged to Liberty." 
 
 At length the threat'ning war cloud burst, the country needed men, 
 Those new made homes, tho' rude — 'twas hard to leave them then; 
 Yet they seized the well tried musket, the flask, and powder horn, 
 Embraced their wives and children, — uncertain their return; 
 In haste they leave domestic scenes, the toils of war to share, 
 The new made furrow half unturned, the plow left standing there. 
 
 Who now shall tend the flock and herd, or see to home affairs ' 
 Our mothers, ah ! our mothers, a two-fold task was theirs, 
 For they must spin and weave, perchance to plant or sow, 
 And then the cradle must be rocked, — a hundred years ago ; 
 For then, as now, infantile years required maternal care, 
 Nor youth, nor age, nor home are blest if woman is not there. 
 
 Joy thrills each beating heart to-day, a quicker pulse is felt, 
 
 As we revisit, once again, scenes where our fathers dwelt. 
 
 The lands they cleared, the fields they tilled, the vale or hilly side, 
 
 The straggling fence, the moss-grown wall, that Held from field divide. 
 
 The shady lane, the pond, the brook, the pathway to the door, 
 
 All have a secret charm to-day, unknown, unfelt before. 
 
 One other spot more dear than all, 'tis hallowed, holy ground ; 
 
 Where'er in life our footsteps tend, to this the heart is hound. 
 
 No breadth of land, or mountain height, or ocean's boundless wave, 
 
 Can ever cause us to forget the mound that marks a grave. 
 
 A century of years their golden sands have well nigh run, 
 Since the historic page of Habbardston began. 
 Oh what a, length of changing years for mortal to survey, 
 While unto God's vast viewing eve they are but as a day. 
 
 11 
 
82 PROCEEDINGS AND EXERCISES. 
 
 Old favorite town ! now crowned with years, thy beauty lingers yet ; 
 Ungrateful would thy children prove did they thine age forget ; 
 But they have come with joyful hearts to greet thy natal morn, 
 And feel a pride that they can say, here were our fathers born. 
 
 Here are the scenes they loved so well, here floats the air they breathed, 
 Here lies the heritage around, which they to us bequeathed ; 
 How, then, can we forget the past, or cease to own its power ? 
 Negleet upon its urn to cast the tribute of a flower ? 
 
 Our offerings here to-day we bring and lay upon her shrine ; 
 The earnest heart, the happy wish, old town, to-day are thine. 
 And when another hundred years have traced their circles round, 
 May other hearts as warm as ours on this same spot be found. 
 
 8. Rutland. 
 
 Old Rutland's our mother, 
 And Barre our brother, 
 And Oakham another, 
 
 And Princeton is half brother, too ; 
 While Paxton makes five, 
 Who like brothers will strive, 
 While their mother shall live, 
 
 To be faithful and loving and true. 
 
 Hou. J. Warren Bigelow, of Rutland, was now called for, but was 
 absent on official duty, although he had intended to be present, and Col. 
 Calvin Howe, of Rutland was then called upon, who briefly and ably 
 responded. 
 
 9. Our Eastern brother. Though he has risen to become the prince of towns, 
 (Princeton,) yet as from his lofty height he looks down upon us, we hope he will 
 not forget that we helped him to a wing. He once gave us a good townsman, 
 and we hope he is Good-now. 
 
 The President now called upon Wm. B. Goodnow, Esq.. of Princeton, 
 but Mr. G. excused himself, and proposed to " turn in his man" and 
 thereupon called upon Deacon Everett, of Princeton, and he, following 
 the example of Deacon Stowe, endeavored to make people " laughs 
 
 He began by saying that the family now known as Goodnow, or as 
 now pronounced Goodnow, was formerly by the people of Princeton 
 called Goodnough. and if that gentleman had now undertaken to make 
 a speech, it would have been good enough. After many other facetious 
 remarks, and a play upou words and names, which brought out roars of 
 laughter, he closed by giving a compliment to the ladies of Hubbardston 
 for their beauty, and then added the following, as a sentiment or bene- 
 diction : — 
 
 The Ladies of Hubbardston. May their virtues ever be as broad and as ex- 
 pansive as their skirts, and their vices as diminutive as their bonnets. 
 
PROCEEDINGS AND EXERCISES. 83 
 
 10. Templeton. Our paternal greetings ami regards to our Northern brother. 
 
 This sentiment was ably and eloquently responded to by Col. Arte- 
 mas Lee, of Templeton, who gave intimation of the friendly relations 
 which had ever existed between the towns of Templeton and llnb- 
 bardston, and the more intimate relation that existed during the last de- 
 cade. And that although they respected the town of Gardner, and the 
 inhabitants of that town, still it would have been more pleasing to him. 
 and he believed to the inhabitants of Templeton generally, if the towns 
 of Templeton and Hubbardston could have continued one Representa- 
 tive District during the coming ten years. 
 
 1 1 . The Medical Profession. 
 
 The ignorance of man in regard to the laws of life and health, creates its 
 necessity. In the good time coming their prescriptions will be preventatives of, 
 rather than cures for, diseases. Till then may their pills and powders be harmless. 
 
 Dr. Moses Phelps was called upon, but there was no response. 
 
 12. Sons and Daughters resident in Worcester. 
 
 This was ably responded to by W. A. Williams, Esq.. of Worcester. 
 
 13. The scenery of our native town. In centennial bloom. 
 
 Responded to by George Swan, Esq., of Worcester, who to a very hap- 
 py and appropriate introduction added the following truly appropriate 
 poetical lines, prepared by himself expressly for the occasion : 
 
 A DAY IN MY NATIVE TOWN, JUNE 13, 1867. 
 
 Behind Wachusett's woody height, 
 
 Aurora breaks her morning nap ; 
 Folds up the drapery of the night, 
 
 And hangs on high her misty cap. 
 
 Then first she steals a sidelong glance 
 
 At glassy lake on Comet Hill, 
 Whose crystal waters more enhance 
 
 Her radiant charms " in dishabille." 
 
 But soon arrayed in bright attire, 
 
 She dances up the mountain's height, 
 Salutes, with grace, the village spire, 
 
 And dawns on all the morning light. 
 
 The thrifty farmer, weather-wise, 
 
 Now takes his reckoning for the day ; 
 And, by the prospect of the skies, 
 
 Determines when to cut his hay. 
 
84 PROCEEDINGS AND EXERCISES. 
 
 One sign is always understood, 
 However dry the times may be ; 
 
 When old Wachusett wears a hood, 
 A storm is coming off the sea. 
 
 His brow, to-day, no storm portends ; 
 
 The misty cap Aurora lent, 
 In glistening dewdrops quickly blends 
 
 Before the Sun's bright Orient. 
 
 From mountain's base, to Burnshirt Hill, 
 Whose fruitful soil, without one touch 
 
 Of art or scientific skill, 
 
 Produced the seedling tree — " Nonesuch ;' 
 
 Prom Ravendale to Ragged Hill, 
 
 Abounding in pyritic rocks, 
 Which bear the marks of patient drill 
 
 In quest of fancied " copper stocks" — 
 
 Extends the variegated scene 
 
 Of wild and cultivated laud ; 
 With ponds and groves and pastures green, 
 
 Arranged by Nature's lavish hand. 
 
 Why stops the tourist from abroad, 
 While toiling up the village hill, 
 
 To take his standpoint on the road 
 That winds above the old gristmill 1 
 
 His sketchbook 's full of foreign themes 
 For poet's pen or painter's dyes ; 
 
 Yet there he stands, and gazing, dreams 
 An outline sketch of Paradise. 
 
 An amphitheatre of hills — 
 
 With homesteads on their sunny slopes, 
 Capacious barns, and cider mills 
 
 In orchards white with fruitful hopes — 
 
 Converging down to very brim 
 
 Of Silver Lake, with islands green, 
 
 Where truant boys delight to swim, 
 And lilies fresh and fragrant glean. 
 
 Upon the wide-spread plain above, 
 Where radiate the rural roads, 
 
 Contented Industry and Love 
 
 Have fixed their permanent abodes. 
 
PROCEEDINGS AND EXERCISES. 85 
 
 From cross of roads at either " Port," 
 Where stands a church, and tavern too— 
 
 In former times of much resort — 
 A broad ami level avenue, 
 
 Beneath the elm-tree's Gothic arch 
 Extends, with walks of even grade, 
 
 Where native maple, lind and larch 
 Commingling, form a grateful shade. 
 
 From anxious care and strife exempt, 
 Before ambition nerved our wing, 
 
 Among these scenes our boyhood dreamt 
 That life was one perennial spring. 
 
 We linger on the village green, 
 The common field of our exploits, 
 
 When closed the day in lively scene 
 Of games at ball and pitching quoits ; 
 
 Or loiter in the old church-yard, 
 Whose sacred monuments of slate, 
 
 Retouched to-day by Laureate Bard, 
 Shall save ancestral name and dale ; 
 
 Until we hear that clear-toned bell, 
 Whose curfew tolls the day's decline ; 
 
 That deep-toned bell, whose solemn knell 
 Too soon may count your age and mine. 
 
 14. Our Heroes. Long may they live to reap the rewards of their generous 
 self-sacrifices. 
 
 Responded to by Peter Richardson, Esq. 
 
 15. The Farmers of Hubbardston. While they toil with untiring industry in 
 this, one of the noblest callings of man, may they not neglect to cultiva 
 
 mind and heart as well as the soil. 
 
 Deacon Andrew Gleason was called upon, but made no respon 
 
 16. The Municipal Fathers of the town. Notwithstanding our first Board of 
 Selectmen was composed of material somewhat Green, alter a few years we 
 adopted the plan of taking more substantial and seasoned Woods, brought from 
 Marlborough, and a few years later resorted in a great degree to Greenwood, yet 
 we often had to Waite for the best material, which was always promptly on hand. 
 We would inquire of the tail of the present Board to tell us Horn it is now. 
 
 Responded to by Abel Howe, Esq., who very punningly wove into 
 his response almost; every surname that could be arranged into any sen- 
 tence in the English language. 
 
86 
 
 PROCEEDINGS AND EXERCISES. 
 
 17. Our Assessors. In making up these Boards, we have ever looked 
 Woodward. 
 
 Briefly responded to by Lyman Woodward, Esq. 
 
 18. The Press. First among the agencies of civilization and enlightenment. 
 May its influence ever be for justice, humanity and the right. 
 
 Mr. Baldwin, of Worcester, reporter for the Spy, was called upon to 
 respond, but failing to do so, the President then called on Mr. T. Cle- 
 land, Jr., of Worcester, reporter for the JEgis and Gazette, who arose, 
 saying he had not risen for the purpose of making a speech, but to tell 
 a story : 
 
 At a time, a traveler, journeying upon important and pressing business, was 
 overtaken by the night, and being overcome by the fatigues of the day, and desiring 
 a little rest and repose, chanced to come upon a wayside inn. He called up the 
 landlord, stated his case, and desired lodgings for a few hours, and feed and care 
 for his beast. 
 
 The landlord regretted to inform him that he had no accommodations, that his 
 beds were all occupied. The traveler further urged his claim, and the necessities 
 of the case, and also his disposition to fit himself to the circumstances, and added 
 that he was willing to take lodging with some other guest. Whereupon the 
 landlord informed him that every bed in the house was already occupied by two 
 persons, except one, and in that was a colored man ; whereupon the traveler re- 
 plied that that was no objection to him, and that he would willingly take lodgings 
 with him. And thereupon the obliging landlord consented to give him the very 
 best accommodations in his power. Before retiring, the traveler requested the 
 landlord to call him at a certain hour in the morning, which would be long before 
 the dawn of day, that he might pursue his journey, and then the traveler was 
 conducted to his lodgings, to share the bed with the negro. This disturbed the 
 former occupant of the bed. He did not like to have his rights thus abridged, 
 and desired to wreak his vengeance upon the weary traveler. 
 
 The traveler was soon in a profound sleep, and the negro rose from the bed, 
 burnt a cork, and blackened the face of the traveler till it resembled the hue of 
 his own, and then again retired. 
 
 The landlord, prompt to duty, called the traveler in the morning at the ap- 
 pointed hour, when he hastily arose, dressed himself, and before taking his leave 
 happened to look in the glass, and, discovering the color of his face, turned to the 
 landlord, and with clenched fist, which he shook in the face of the other, loudly 
 exclaimed, " You old rascal! you ve called up the wrong man." 
 
 19. The distinguished Mechanic of Worcester. 
 
 To this sentiment Hon. Lucius W. Pond briefly, but very appropri- 
 ately responded, giving to Hubbardston due credit for the influences 
 with which he was surrounded during early childhood. 
 
 20. Good Templars, — So well represented here to-day, may their influence 
 never be less than now. 
 Response \>y O. S". Brigham. 
 
PROCEEDINGS AND EXERCISES. 87 
 
 21. The Natural History Department. Among the numerous brood over 
 which the old mother spreads her wings today, she exhibits several native 
 Swans. 
 
 The President here called upon Mr. James Swan of Boston, but fail- 
 ing to draw out a response, he then called upon Mr. Reuben Swan <d 
 New York City, but met with no better success; whereupon one of the 
 Vice Presidents suggested to the President that if it was impossible to 
 raise the flight of a Swan, that he attempt to scare up a C-lark, which 
 had mated with the Swans. 
 
 The President now called upon Abijah S. Clark, Esq., of Bellows 
 Falls, Vt., who very humorously responded, and drew out much 
 applause. 
 
 The following original Hymn was prepared for the occasion by Wil- 
 liam E. Richardson, Esq., of Boston. 
 
 FOR THE HUBBARDSTON CENTENNIAL. 
 Air, — Old Hundn d. 
 From every pilgrim hither come 
 To crown with joy their ancient home, 
 From every tongue break forth the song, 
 To welcome this ancestral morn. 
 
 Our homes shall catch the gladdening strain, 
 And roll the echo o'er each plain, 
 Till every mountain, grove and glen 
 Repeats with joy the glad Amen. 
 
 Ye aged heads, with honored grey, 
 Join in the chorus of to-day, 
 For ye have known what hopes and fears 
 Have triumphed in One Hundred Years. 
 
 Let lisping childhood time each tongue 
 To strike the notes their fathers sung ; 
 Here have your grandest garlands spread, 
 To crown the memory of the dead. 
 
 One hundred years ago here stood 
 Primeval forests, unsubdued; 
 Here, where was heard the red man's yell, 
 Now sweetly chimes the Sabbath bell. 
 
 These are their triumphs, glorious now, 
 The church, the school, the loom, the plough, 
 While from the dawn to setting sun 
 Our starry flag protects each one. 
 
 Then join the anthem, swell the strain, 
 Roll the proud echo o'er each plain, 
 Till every mountain, grove and glen 
 Repeat once more the glad Amen. 
 
PROCEEDINGS AND EXERCISES. 
 
 The following' letter was received by the Committee in response to an 
 invitation extended by them to Commodore T. O. Selfridge of Philadel- 
 phia : 
 
 ISTavy Yard, Philadelphia, ) 
 May 10, 1867. J 
 
 Gentlemen : I regret to say that it will not be in my power to accept the kind 
 invitation to attend the Centennial Celebration in your town June 13th, 1867. 
 With my best wishes for a pleasant meeting, I remain, 
 
 Very truly yours, 
 
 THOS. 0. SELFRIDGE, 
 
 Commodore U. S. N. 
 Messrs. L. Pierce and others, Corresponding Committee, 
 Hubbardston, Mass. 
 
 A synopsis of. and extracts from, a letter from Asa C. Gates of Wey- 
 mouth, Nova Scotia : — 
 
 Weymouth, Nova Scotia, 
 May 27, 1867. 
 
 Gentlemen: — Your note of invitation to the Centennial Celebration, duly came 
 to hand, remailcd from Calais, Me. 
 
 Nothing could give me greater pleasure than to visit my native town on so mo- 
 mentous an occasion, but, owing to a press of business, I shall not be able. Old 
 Hubbardston! the adopted home of my four grandparents, adopted when they 
 were in the strength and vigor of manhood, the early prime of life, and when the 
 town was yet in its infancy, and their last resting place, (as the dust of each now 
 slumbers in the old graveyard in the rear of the first Church,) that home where 
 they severally experienced all the hardships and privations of pioneer life, the 
 birthplace of both my parents, (where they were born about 85 years ago,) and 
 also their home till middle life, the birth place and early home of myself and 
 most of my brothers and sisters, — that spot must ever remain dear to me. 
 
 Although an alien from my native country for more than 30 years, and a 
 sojourner from the town of my birth more than 43 years, my mind often reverts 
 back with pleasure to that place, and the scenes of my early childhood. I often 
 speak of those scenes with heartfelt joy. And although only nine years of age 
 when I left the place, I can quite well remember the situation. Old Hubbardston 
 surely must be a beautiful place vow — it was so half a century ago. The Com- 
 mon, — what a delightful place it must be. The street from the Common to 
 Ellinwood's corner, (I think they called it,) at that time so beautifully decorated 
 with young trees, which, if now living, must be a most delightful place. 
 
 How well can I remember " Grandmother Church" telling the hardships she 
 endured while her husband (my grandfather) was away in the army, and showing 
 me the old relics, such as the Horn dips, Continental Money, Oaken Chests, &c, 
 &c, which he brought back from the War of the Revolution. She, poor woman, 
 must have lived to a great age, as I understand she died about A. D. 1844. I 
 could till a sheet, if time would permit, but it would not interest you, and there- 
 fore will close by saying that I shall bear in mind the thirteenth day of June, and 
 be with you in spirit, though not in body. 
 
 Yours most respectfully, 
 
 ASA C. GATES. 
 To Messrs. L. Pierce, L. Woodward, T. S. Heald. 
 
PROCEEDINGS AND EXERCISES. 
 
 89 
 
 Letters in reply to invitations were received by the Committee from 
 Rev. A. S. Ryder of South Boston, Leonard Wood, Esq., of Boston, 
 Miss Elizabeth Selfridge, of Middlebury, Yt., and others. 
 
 After the sentiments and responses at the table were concluded, the 
 Band gave the closing benediction in some well chosen and fitting 
 strains, and as the snn was sinking below the Western horizon, the vast 
 concourse abdicated the tent, and the parting greetings were hastily 
 given and received, and many of the visitors left the town that evening 
 for their homes. 
 
 Tims passed the thirteenth day of June, A. D. 1867, in the town of 
 Hubbardston ; a day that had brought together more people than had 
 ever before been assembled in the town on any occasion ; a day rendered 
 pleasant by all its surroundings, a clear sky, a bright sun. pure air, and 
 gentle zephyrs; pleasant by the friendly greetings of old friends and 
 associates, the returned sons and daughters of Old Hubbardston, returned 
 to the old homestead for an affectionate embrace. Many had returned 
 to meet aged parents, others to meet brothers and sisters, uncles and 
 aunts, others still to meet nephews, nieces and cousins, and still others 
 to meet no kindred or relative, but nevertheless to meet friends, icarm 
 friends, and re-visit and review and revive the scenes, the haunts and 
 memories of former years, the homes which they had once left, possi- 
 bly without, at that time, " casting one longing, lingering look behind," 
 but to which they now turned with fond delight. 
 
 Thus passed a daylong to be remembered in the annals of Hubbards- 
 ton; a day which was closing without the happening of any accident to 
 mar the pleasures of the occasion ; a day in which we had heard rehearsed 
 the deeds of valor and self sacrifice of our fathers and mothers, the 
 first settlers of the town. 
 
 And now. drawing a veil over all their failings, let us so endeavor to 
 emulate their noble deeds, that the coming generations may find as 
 little they would seek to hide, and as much to admire in our history, as 
 Ave do to-day in the perusal of theirs. And as we to-day are blessed by 
 the institutions that the fathers have handed down to us, so let us en- 
 deavor to transmit to coming generations blessings equally as great. 
 
 12 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 The following is a list of persons who have served as Selectmen in 
 Huhbardston from 1767 to 1867 inclusive, together with die year when, 
 
 and the number of years each person served : 
 
 Israel Green, 1767, 
 Benjamin Nurse, 1767, 
 Benjamin Hovt, 1767, 1768, 1769, 
 Stephen Heald, 1768, 1770, 1771, 
 1773, 1775, 1779, 1786, 
 Adam Wheeler, 1768, 1769, 1783, 
 William Pain, 1769, 
 Ezekiel Newton, 1770, 1772 1773, 
 1774, 
 William Marean, 1770, 1771, 1775, 
 1782, 1792, 1793, 1794, 1795, 1796, 
 1797, 1798, 1799, 1800, 1801, 1802, 
 1806, 1809, 
 Joseph Eveleth, 1771, 1773, 1785, 
 Joseph Slarrow, 1772, 
 John Woods, 1772, 1776, 1807, 1808, 
 Ezra Pond, 1774, 1780, 1781, 
 William Muzzy, 1774, 1775, 1779, 
 1782, 1795, 1796, 
 Jonathan Gates, 1776, 1780, 1784, 
 1786, 1788, 1789, 
 Robert Murdock, 1776, 1785, 1786, 
 1790, 1791, 1798, 1799, 1800, 1801, 
 John Clark, 1777, 1779, 
 Isaac Bellows* 1777, 1783, 
 George Metcalf, 1777, 
 Thomas Caryl, 1778, 
 Elisha Woodward, 1778, 1779, 1802, 
 William Stone, 1778, 
 Joseph Shattuek, 1780, 1786, 
 Nathaniel Waite, 1780, 1792, 1793, 
 1794, 
 Abijah Greenwood, 1780, 1783, 1787, 
 1792, 1793, 1794, 
 Samuel Sloeomb, 1781, 1782, 1783, 
 Joel Pollard, 1781, 
 Reuben Totman, 1783, 
 James Thompson, 1784, 1792, 1793, 
 Eli Clark, 1784, 
 
 Joseph Wright, 1784, 1786, 1792, 
 1793, 1794, 
 Hollis Parker, 1 785, 
 Nathan Stone, 1785, 
 John McClenathan, 1785, 1794, 1797, 
 1807, 1808, 
 
 Oliver Witt, 17X7, i 
 
 Samuel Morse,t 1787, i 
 
 Benjamin Tainter, 1787, i 
 
 Edward Selfridge, 1788, 1789, 2 
 
 Buckley Ho\ve,t 1788, 1789, 2 
 Moses Greenwood, 1790, 1791, 1795, 
 
 1796, 1797, 5 
 
 Moses Clark, 1790, 1791, 1795, 1796, 4 
 Joshua Murdoek, 1790, 1791, 1807, 
 
 1808, 4 
 
 Samuel Follett, 1790, 1791, 2 
 
 Thomas Hapgood, 1795, 1796,1797, 8 
 John Browning, 1797, 1803 1804, 
 
 1805, 4 
 Daniel Parkis, 1798, 1799, 1800, 
 
 1801, 4 
 Ephraim Allen, 1798, 1799, 1800, 
 
 1809, 1810, 1812, 1813, 7 
 Ebenezer Warren, 1798, 1799, 1800, 
 
 1801, 1S03, 1804, 1805, 1816, 1817, 9 
 Israel Davis, 1801, 1802, 1806, 1809, 
 
 1812, 1813. 1814, 1815, 1821, 1822, 10 
 
 Ebenezer Stowe, 1802, i 
 
 Abraham Cutting, 1M)_>, i 
 Levi Greenwood, 1803, 1804, 1805, 
 
 1816, 4 
 
 Jonathan Cutting, 1803, 1804, 1805, 3 
 William Morse, 1804, 1805, 1810, 
 
 1811, 1812, 1820, 6 
 Asa Wheeler, 1806 1810, 181 1, 1812, 
 
 1815, 5 
 Daniel Woodward, 1806, 1809, 1814, 
 
 1815, 1818, 1819, 1821, 1822, 1823, 9 
 
 Samuel Morse, 1806, 1813, 2 
 Otis Parker, 1807, 1808, 1812, 1815, 
 
 1819, 1822, 6 
 Aaron Gates, 1807, 1808, 1818, 1819, 
 
 1820, 1824, 1825, l8.il, 18.-J2, 9 
 
 Luke Warren, 1809, 1 820, 2 
 
 Asa Lyon, 1810, 1 
 
 Delphos Gates, 1810, 1811, 2 
 
 Moses Phelps, 1811, 1 
 
 Levi Conant, 1811, 1 
 
 Robert Murdock, Jr., 1813, 1 
 
 Daniel Barns,' 1813, 1 
 
 * Resigned to enlist in the army, and Ebenezer JosllD was elected May 32, 1777, t.. serve I'M' 
 tin- remainder of that year. 
 
 t Samuel Morse died April 30, 1787, and Oliver Wltl and Benjamin Tatnter do not appear to 
 have accepted, and John woods and Ezra Pond were elected Sla> IS, to Berve during the re- 
 mainder of the year. 
 
 X L>ieil November 1, 17S9. 
 
92 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Moses Waite, 1814, 1815, 1819, 1820, 
 1824, 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 
 
 1834, 1836, 1837, 1838, 1839, 1842, 16 
 
 Aaron Wright, 1814, 1817, 2 
 
 Joel Pollard, Jr., 1814, 1 
 
 Ebenezer Mann, 1816, 1 
 Timothy P. Marean, 1816, 1817, 
 
 1821, 3 
 
 Ephraim Mason, 1816, 1 
 
 Nathan Wright, 1817, 1 
 
 James H. Wheeler, 1817, 1818, 2 
 
 Moses Phelps, Jr., 1818, 1 
 
 Jotham Stone, 1818, 1819, 2 
 
 Isaac Pollett, 1820, 1 
 
 James Browning 1821, 1824, 2 
 
 Ebenezer Stowe, Jr., 1821, 1 
 Silas Greenwood, 1822, 1823, 1826, 
 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 
 
 1832, 1834, 1836, 1839, 1840, 13 
 
 Sewell Miriek, 1822, 1823, 1826, 3 
 
 Warner Hinds, 1823, 1824, 1826, 3 
 
 John Church, 1823, 1 
 
 Samuel Swan,1824, 1825,1826,1827, 4 
 
 Henry Prentiss, 1825, 1 
 
 George Williams, 1825, 1 
 Abijah Clark, 1825, 1827, 1828, 1829, 
 
 1831, 1832, 6 
 
 Jonas Heald, 1827, 1828, 1S43, 3 
 
 Nathan Warrren, 1828, 1 
 Asa Marean, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1833, 
 
 1S35, 1840, 1841, 1843, 1844, 1845, 10 
 Rowland Woodward, 1829, 1833, 
 
 1834, 1835, 4 
 
 Justus Ellinwood, 1830, 1 
 
 David Bennett, 1830, 1 
 
 Elisha Woodward, 1831, 1832, 1833, 3 
 
 Ethan A. Greenwood, 1833, 1 
 Dana Brown, 1833, 1835, 1836, 1837, 
 
 1838, 1844, 1845, 7 
 
 Stillman Morse, 1834, 1 
 
 Lyman Greenwood, 1834, 1836, 1837, 
 1838, 1846, 1847, 1848, 1849, 1852, 
 1853, 1854, 1859, 1860, 1862, 1864, 15 
 William S. Clark, 1835, 1 
 
 William Josliu, 1835, 1841, 1843, 
 
 1859, 4 
 Levi Allery, 1836, 1837, 2 
 
 Sewell Wheeler, 1837, 1838, 1844, 
 1845, 
 Cruso Kendall* 1838, 1839, 1840, 
 
 1842, 1843, 5 
 Henry Prentiss, Jr., 1839, 1840, 1852, 
 
 1853, 1854, 1861, 6 
 Levi Joslin, 1839, 1842, 1844, 1845, 
 
 1846, 1850, 1851, 1860, 8 
 Ephraim Stowe, 1840, 1841, 1843, 
 
 1844, 1845, 1846, 1847, 1848, 8 
 Aaron Greenwood, 1841, 1842, 1846, 
 
 1855, 1856, 1857, 1858, 7 
 James A. Waite, 1841, 1 
 
 Luke Williams, 1842, 1 
 
 John F. Woodward, 1846, 1847, 
 1848, 1849, 1850, 1851, 1857, 1858, 
 
 1859, 1860, 1862, 1863, 1864, 13 
 Caleb Underwoood, 1849, 1850, 1851, 3 
 Sylvanus, Dunton, 1852, 1853, 1854, 
 
 1857, 1858, 5 
 Levi Miles, 1855, 1856, 2 
 
 Augustus Morse, 1855, 1856, 2 
 
 T. Sibley Heald.t 1861, 1 
 
 Horace Underwood, 1861, 1865, 2 
 
 Moses C. Wheeler, 1862, 1863, 1864, 
 
 1865, 1867, 5 
 Andrew Gleason, 1863, 1865, 1866, 3 
 John G. Allen, 1866, 1 
 
 Isaac Hallock, 1866, 1 
 
 Oren Marean, 1867, 1 
 
 Abel Howe, 1867, 1 
 
 At the aunual election held March 12, 1787, but little business was clone 
 except the election of Town Officers. The gentlemen elected Selectmen , 
 although new in office, were old in years, being severally between 67 
 and 70 years old. The inhabitants voted to grant no money for school- 
 ing during the present year, and raised no money to defray town charges ; 
 and adjourned the meeting for two weeks; when, the record says " Met 
 agreeable to adjournment, and no votes were passed save to excuse sev- 
 eral of the persons who were elected to office at the former meeting," 
 and then adjourned to April 2nd, which was the day of the election of 
 State officers. At this meeting no business was done under the March 
 meeting warrant, except to choose a Sexton and a person to take charge 
 of the meeting-house, -and the meeting dissolved. At the election for 
 State Officers that day, the whole number of votes cast was thirteen. 
 
 * Died May 26, 1843. 
 
 t Resigned to enlist in the army, and John F. Woodward was elected to serve the remainder 
 of the year. 
 
APPENDIX. 93 
 
 Hon. John Hancock received the entire vote for Governor, and this at 
 
 at a time when there was probably more excitement than at any former 
 
 election since the adoption of tin 
 
 Constitution; and we find in some of 
 
 the adjoining towns a larger vote 
 
 was cast this day than ever before. 
 
 A town meeting was held May 
 
 10th, when the vacancies in town offl- 
 
 cers were tilled ; and another October loth, when $200 were raised for 
 
 the support of Schools, and the like sum to defray town charges ; and 
 
 the other business done which was usually performed at the March 
 
 meeting. 
 
 
 The following is a list of persons who have served as Assessors in 
 
 Hubbardston from 1767 to 1867, inclusive, together with the year when, 
 
 and the number of years each person served : 
 
 Israel Green, 1767, 
 
 1 
 
 Daniel Woodward, 1798, 1799, 1800, 
 
 Benjamin Nurse, 1707, 
 
 1 
 
 1801, 1817, 5 
 
 Benjamin Hoyt, 1767, 1768, 1769, 
 
 
 Abijah Greenwood, 1799, 1 
 
 1772, 
 
 4 
 
 James Thompson, 1799, 1 
 
 Stephen Heald, 1768, 1770, 
 
 2 
 
 Edward Selfridge, 1800, 1 
 
 Adam Wheeler, 1768, 1769, 1771, 
 
 3 
 
 Jacob Waite, 1801, 1803, 1804, 1805, 
 
 William Pain, 1769, 
 
 1 
 
 1806, 1807, 1808, 1810, 1811, 9 
 
 Ezekiel Newton, 1770, 
 
 1 
 
 Abner Gay, 1802, 1803, 1813, 1816, 4 
 
 William Marean, 1770, 1771, 1792, 
 
 3 
 
 Abraham Cutting, 1802, 1 
 
 Joseph Evcleth, 1771, 1772, 1773, 
 
 
 Israel Davis, 1804, 1805, 2 
 
 1775, 1777, 
 
 5 
 
 Levi Greenwood, 1806, 1818, 2 
 
 Nathaniel Waite, 1772, 
 
 1 
 
 Asa Wheeler, 1807, 1808, 2 
 
 John Woods, 1773, 1774, 1775, 1776, 
 
 
 Luke Warren, 1807, 1808, 1809, 
 
 1788, 1789, 
 
 6 
 
 1812, 1814, 1815, 1820, 7 
 
 George Metcalf, 1773, 
 
 1 
 
 Timothy P. Marean, 1809, 1 
 
 Isaac Bellows, 1774, 1775, 1777, 
 
 
 Aaron Gates, 1810, 1811, 1816, 1817, 
 
 1779, 1781, 17S7, 
 
 6 
 
 1818, 1819, 1820, 1821, 1822, 1825, 
 
 William Muzzy, 1774, 1777, 1779, 
 
 
 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 15 
 
 17S6, 1792, 1798, 
 
 6 
 
 Nathaniel Waite, Jr., 1810, 1 
 
 Jonathan Gates, 1776, H80, 1783, 
 
 
 Luther Hale, 1811, 1812, 1813, 1814, 
 
 1784, 1788, 1789, 1790,1802,1803, 
 
 9 
 
 1815, 1821, 6 
 
 Robert Murdock, 1776, 
 
 I 
 
 William Rice, 1816, 1 
 
 Joel Pollard, 1779, 1780, 1781, 1782, 
 
 4 
 
 Nathan Wright, 1817, 1 
 
 Elisha Woodward, 1780, 1782, 1783, 
 
 
 Joel Pollard, Jr., 1818, 1819, 1822, 
 
 1784, 
 
 4 
 
 1823, 1824, 1830, 1839, 1840, 8 
 
 Joseph Shattuck, 1780, 1782, 1785, 
 
 
 William Hobbs, 1819, 1 
 
 1786, 
 
 4 
 
 Sewell Mirick, 1820, 1822, 1823, 
 
 Ebenezer Mann, 1780, 1797, 
 
 2 
 
 1824, 1826, 1827, 1830, 7 
 
 Alpheus Morse, 1781, 1785, 
 
 2 
 
 James II. Wheeler, 1821, 1 
 
 Moses Phelps, 1783, 1784, 
 
 2 
 
 Justus Ellinwood, 1823, 1824, 2 
 
 Ebenezer Joslin, 1785, 
 
 1 
 
 George Williams, 1825, 1 
 
 Philemon Woodward, 1786, 1788, 
 
 
 Abijah Clark, 1825, 1 
 
 1789, 1790, 1791, 1792, 1793, 1794, 
 
 
 Russell Brown, 1826, 1828, 1829, 
 
 1795, 1796, 1797, 1798, 1800, 1804, 
 
 
 1831, 1833, 1834, 1835, 7 
 
 1805, 1806, 1809, 1812, 1813, 1814, 
 
 
 Ephraim Stowe, 1827, 1 
 
 1815, 
 
 21 
 
 Silas Davis, 1828, 1829, 1831, 1832, 4 
 
 Samuel Morse* 1787, 
 
 1 
 
 John Church, 1831, 1832, 2 
 
 Moses Greenwood, 1787, 1790, 
 
 o 
 
 William Xoung, 1832, 1833, 2 
 
 John McClenathan, 1791, 1793, 1794, 
 
 
 Shepherd Clark, 1833, 1 
 
 1795, 1796, 
 
 5 
 
 John I). Pierce, 1834, 1835, 2 
 
 Asa Church, 1791, 1793, 1794, 1795, 
 
 
 Elisha Woodward, 1834, 1835, 1836, 
 
 1796, 1797, 
 
 6 
 
 1837, 1838, 1839,1840, 1841, 1842, 
 
 * Died April 20, 17S7, and .John Woods eleetc 
 
 l to tin die vacancy. 
 

 94 APPENDIX. 
 
 1844, 1845, 1846, 1847, 1848, 1849, 
 
 
 Joseph Raymond, 1852, 1853, 1854, 
 
 3 
 
 1851, 1858, 1859, 1860, 1863, 1864, 
 
 21 
 
 Israel Davis, 1852, 1853, 1854, 
 
 3 
 
 William Bennett, 1836, 1837, 1838, 
 
 
 Aimer Gay, 1855, 1856, 1857, 1859, 
 
 
 1839, 1840, 
 
 5 
 
 1860, 1861, 1862, 1863, 1865, 1866, 
 
 
 James H. Pierce, 1836, 1837, 
 
 2 
 
 1867, 
 
 11 
 
 Henry Prentiss, Jr., 1838, 1841, 1842, 
 
 
 Horace Underwood, 1855, 
 
 1 
 
 1844, 1845, 1846, 1847, 1848, 1849, 
 
 
 Leonard Clark, 1855, 
 
 1 
 
 1851, 
 
 10 
 
 William Joslin, 1856, 1857, 1861, 
 
 
 Lyman Greenwood, 1841, 1842, 1843, 
 
 3 
 
 1862, 1863, 1864, 1865, 1866, 1867, 
 
 9 
 
 Dana Brown, 1843, 1854, 
 
 2 
 
 Abijah H. Greenwood, 1856, 1857, 
 
 2 
 
 Rowland Woodward, 1843, 
 
 1 
 
 Levi Joslin, 1858, 
 
 1 
 
 William Bennett, Jr., 1844, 1845, 
 
 
 Albert Bennett, 1858, 1860, 
 
 2 
 
 1846, 1847, 1848, 1850, 1851, 
 
 7 
 
 Lvman Woodward, 1861, 1862, 1864, 
 
 3 
 
 Sylvanus Dunton, 1849, 1859, 
 
 2 
 
 Oren Marean, 1865, 1866, 
 
 2 
 
 Levi Miles, 1850, 1852, 1853, 
 
 3 
 
 Nathan H. Felton, 1867, 
 
 1 
 
 Simpson C. Heald, 1850, 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 A list of persons who have served as Town Clerk of Hnhhardston, 
 
 and the number of years the office has been held by each : 
 
 
 John LeBourveau, from 1767 to 1769 
 
 
 Jonathan Cutting, from 1803 to 1806 
 
 
 inclusive, 
 
 3 
 
 inclusive, 
 
 4 
 
 William Marean, 1770, 
 
 1 
 
 Jacob Waite, 1807, 1810, 1811, 
 
 3 
 
 Joseph Eveleth, 1771, 
 
 1 
 
 Daniel Woodward, 1808, 1809, 1812, 
 
 
 John Woods, from 1772 to 1784 in- 
 
 
 1813, 
 
 4 
 
 clusive, and 1795, 1796, 
 
 15 
 
 Samuel Swan, 1814, 1815, and from 
 
 
 Stephen Church* 1785, 1786, 
 
 2 
 
 1820, to 1835 inclusive, 
 
 18 
 
 Elisha Woodward, 1786 to 1794 in- 
 
 
 William Bennett, Jr., 1836 to 1864 
 
 
 clusive, 
 
 9 
 
 inclusive, 
 
 29 
 
 Abner Gay. 1797 to 1802 inclusive, 
 
 
 
 
 
 and from 1816 to 1818 inclusive, 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 A list of persons who have held the office of Treasurer in the town of 
 
 Hubbardston, together with the number of years each has served : 
 
 
 Ezekiel Newton, 1767, 1768, 1772, 
 
 
 Samuel Swan, 1822, 1823, 
 
 2 
 
 1775, 1776, 
 
 5 
 
 Clark Witt, from 1824 to 1827 in- 
 
 
 Adam Wheeler, 1769, 1770, 1771, 
 
 3 
 
 clusive, 
 
 4 
 
 William Marean, 1773, 1774, 
 
 2 
 
 John Church, from 1827 to 1830 in- 
 
 
 John Woods, 1778, 1779, 1780, 1781, 
 
 4 
 
 clusive, 
 
 4 
 
 Joel Pollard, 1782, 1783, 1784, 
 
 3 
 
 Levi Peirce, from 1831 to 1834 in- 
 
 
 Elisha Woodward, from 1785 to 
 
 
 clusive, and 1846, 1848, 1849, 
 
 
 1790 inclusive, and 1799, 
 
 7 
 
 1856, 1857, 1858, 
 
 10 
 
 Jonathan Gates, from 1791 to 1798 
 
 
 Shepherd Clark, from 1835 to 1837 
 
 
 inclusive, 
 
 8 
 
 inclusive, and 1840, 1841, 
 
 5 
 
 Abijah Greenwood, from 1800 to 
 
 
 Moses Phelps, 1838, 
 
 1 
 
 1803 inclusive, and 1809, 
 
 5 
 
 Appleton Clark, from 1842 to 1845 
 
 
 Daniel Woodward, from 1804 to 
 
 
 inclusive, 
 
 4 
 
 1806 inclusive, 
 
 3 
 
 Luther A. May, from 1850 to 1853 
 
 
 Ebenezer Warren, 1807, 1808, 
 
 2 
 
 inclusive, 
 
 4 
 
 Otis Parker, 1810,1811, 
 
 2 
 
 John Phelps, 1849, 
 
 1 
 
 Ebenezer Stowe, 1812, 
 
 1 
 
 Wm. Bennett, Jr., 1854, 1863, 1864, 
 
 3 
 
 Levi Greenwood, from 1813 to 1816 
 
 
 Benjamin D. Phelps, 1855, 1859, 
 
 
 inclusive, 
 
 4 
 
 1860, 1861, 1862, 
 
 5 
 
 Israel Davis, from 1817 to 1819 in- 
 
 
 Moses Greenwood, 1865, 
 
 1 
 
 clusive, 
 
 3 
 
 Lyman Woodward, 1866, 1867, 
 
 2 
 
 Justus Ellin wood, 1820, 1821, 
 
 2 
 
 
 ;ar. 
 
 * Died July 11, 17S<!, and Elisha Woodward was elected to serve for the remainder of the y< 
 
 i 
 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 95 
 
 A list of Delegates to the several Conventions held in Massachusetts : 
 
 John Clark, Delegate to Convention held at Concord, 1774 
 Willam Muzzy, Representative to Provisional Congress, held at Watcrtown, 1775 
 William Muzzy, Representative to General Court held at Watertown, 177."> 
 John Woods, Delegate to Constitutional Convention held at Cambridge, 177!) 
 William Marean, Delegate to Convention held at Concord, 1779 
 John Woods, Delegate to Convention held at Boston to adopt U. S. Con- 
 stitution, 1787 
 Ephraim Allen, Delegate to Convention held at Boston to revise the Con- 
 stitution, • 1820 
 William Bennett, Jr., Delegate to Convention held at Boston to revise the 
 
 Constitution, 1853 
 
 The followinsr is a list of Senators who have represented the County 
 of Worcester, in part, in the Legislature of Massachusetts : 
 
 Henry Prentiss, 1835 
 
 Ethan A. Greenwood, 1836-1837 
 
 Representatives to the General Court from 1780 to 1867, together with 
 the years each person served and the number of years : 
 
 William Muzzy, 1786, 1787, 1796, 
 
 1798, 4 
 
 John Woods, 1788, 1 
 William Marean, 1791, 1792, 1794, 
 
 1S00, 1801, 5 
 
 Jonathan Gates, 1803, 1 
 John McClenathan, 1804, 1805, 
 
 1806, 1907, 4 
 
 Jacob Waite, 1809, 1810, 2 
 
 Ephraim Allen, 1812, 1813, 2 
 
 Levi Greenwood, 1814, 1816, 2 
 
 Daniel Woodward, 1818, 1821, 2 
 
 Samuel Swan 1824, 1 
 Henrv Prentiss, 1827, 1829, 1831, 
 
 1832, 1836, 5 
 
 Moses Phelps, 1828, 1 
 Moses Waite, 1830, 1831, 1832, 
 
 1833, 1834, 1837, 6 
 
 Ethan A. Greenwood, 1833, 1834, 
 Silas Greenwood, 1835, 
 Asa Marean, 1835, 1836, 1837, 1838, 
 1841, 1842, 
 Micajah Reed, 1839, 1840, 
 George Williams, 1839, 1840, 
 Sylvanus Dunton, 1843, 
 William Bennett, Jr., 1846, 1848, 
 1849, 1850, 1351, 1852; the Dis- 
 trict, 1861, 1864, 
 Leonard Clark, 1855, 
 Levi Miles, 1856, 
 Henry Prentiss, 1857, 
 Aaron Greenwood, the District, 1859, 
 Horace Underwood, the District , 
 
 1863, 
 Lyman Woodward, the District, 1865, 
 
 1867. 
 
 In 1831, 1832, 1833, 1834, 1833, 1836, 1837, 1839 and 1840, the town 
 sent two Representatives. 
 
 The years not mentioned above, prior to 1858, the town was not re- 
 presented. 
 
 From 1858 to 1S66, Teinpleton and Hubbardston comprised one Dis- 
 trict. 
 
 Since 1866, Barre, Dana. Hardwick, Hubbardston, Petersham, Phil- 
 lipston and New Braintree make one District. 
 
96 APPENDIX. 
 
 CHURCHES. 
 
 The first Church of Christ in Hubbardston was organized Feb. 14, 
 1770, with six male members, to wit : 
 
 Nehemiah Parker, Pastor elect. 
 Adam Wheeler, dismissed from the Church in Rutland. 
 Nathaniel Upham, " " kt -• " Leicester. 
 
 Joseph Grimes, " " " "■ " Tewksbury. 
 
 Nathaniel Waite.* " " " " " Templeton. 
 
 Ephraim Rice.t " " " " '* " 
 
 The first Calvinistic Church was organized Oct., 1827, the majority of 
 the first Church seceding and forming themselves into another distinct 
 Church. 
 
 The Methodist Church was gathered during the year 1839. 
 
 Meetings had been held in Valley Village and in School District No. 6 
 during the fall and winter previous, and in the spring of 1839 the hall 
 in the Star Hotel in the centre of the town was engaged for their meet- 
 ings, and the first sermon preached there was by Rev. Joseph Whitman, 
 Jr., on Thursday, April 2nd, 1839. Lectures were continued in this hall 
 on Thursday and Sunday evenings, till May 12th, when regular Sabbath 
 preaching commenced, and was continued till the meeting of the Con- 
 ference, June 5th, when this was made a station, and Rev. Joseph Whit- 
 man, Jr., was appointed preacher. 
 
 The first Meeting-house in town was raised in June, 1773, and prob- 
 ably religious meetings began to be held in it as early as August of the 
 next year, but there was but very little done towards finishing the house 
 for several years. It appears from the records of the town that there 
 was no pulpit or permanent seats prior to 17S2. The belfry was erected 
 in 1805. 
 
 The Calvinistic Meeting-house was built during the season 1S27, and 
 was dedicated to the public worship of God Nov. 1st of that year. 
 
 The Methodist Meeting-house was erected during the season 1840, and 
 was dedicated September 25th of that year. 
 
 During the season 1842, the first Church was re-built, and publicly re- 
 dedicated January, 1843. 
 
 SCHOOLS. 
 
 Nothing had been done prior to 1781 towards dividing the town into 
 school districts. The town had made very liberal appropriations for 
 the support of common schools prior to the commencement of the War 
 of the Revolution ; but after the beginning of that struggle, the inhabi- 
 tants found it necessary to direct all their attention to furnishing their 
 quota of men for the army, and the support of the families of those who 
 were in the service, and. therefore, made very meagre appropriations 
 for other purposes. 
 
 * N. Waite and wife of Hubbardston, united with the Church at Templeton Sept. G, 1767. 
 t E. Rice and wife of Hubbardston, united with the Church at Templeton Aug. 27, 1769. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 97 
 
 One School-house was erected in 1770, which, for the time being, 
 answered the triple purpose of Church. Town House and School-house. 
 
 In March, 17,81, the town chose a Committee of seven men, to wit: 
 William Marean, Elijah Adams. James Thompson, Joseph Caryl, Joel 
 Pollard and Isaac Bellows*, to divide the town into School Districts, <>r 
 ," squadron out the town, 1 ' and determine how many school-houses to 
 huild; the committee to report at a future meeting. 
 
 The next March, 1782, the Committee presented their report, dividing 
 the town into seven " squadrons," and recommended the building of 
 seven new school-houses. 
 
 This report was accepted by the town, but no further action was taken 
 on the subject for the next two years. 
 
 In March, 1784, the town voted to build a school-house in each squad- 
 ron, and granted one hundred and five pounds towards defraying the 
 expenses thereof; and that said school-houses be completed before the 
 first day of June, 1785. This grant of money was not very promptly 
 assessed, for we find an article, in a warrant for a town meeting held 
 February 16. 178G, a to see if the town will reconsider the vote formerly 
 passed, granting £105 to build school-houses." The vote to reconsider 
 was in the negative. Prior to this time, to wit, May 2. 1785, the town 
 had voted to divide the northwest squadron, now making the number of 
 squadrons eight, and also voted to give the southwest squadron another 
 year to build their school-house. 
 
 During the year 1786. it was voted to grant, in addition to the sum al- 
 ready appropriated. £7. 10s. each for the two squadrons which had been 
 made out of the original northwest squadron, and also to grant £80 in 
 addition to the former grants, for the purpose of finishing the several 
 school-houses, thus giving to each squadron the sum of £25, or $83.33; 
 and by another vote which afterwards passed it appears that but one of 
 the houses had been finished, and probably the remainder were finished 
 during the year 1788. The names first given to the several schools 
 were, the Centre, Northwest, North, Northeast, East, Southeast, South 
 and West; But in a few years the name " squadron" was abandoned, 
 and the numerical numbers from one to eight were given in the order 
 above stated and the term " District" adopted. 
 
 After the setting oil' of the eastern portion of the town to Princeton, 
 the dividing line between Districts No. 5 and 6 was altered, and a few 
 years later the location of their school-houses changed. 
 
 In 1816. District No. 7 was divided, making District No. 9. 
 In 1820, District No. 10 was set off from No. 8; and in 1823. District 
 No. 11 was formed from parts of Nos. 1 and 3. 
 
 In 1828. District No. 12 was formed from parts of Nos. I, 1 and 5. 
 
 In 1837. the town was re-districted by a Committee of three, consist- 
 ing of Silas Greenwood. Justus Ellinwood and Moses Waite, and care- 
 fully defined territorial limits and boundaries established. 
 
 Prior to that time the school-houses had been erected and repaired by 
 
 ' The other name does not appear. 
 
 13 
 
98 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 the town. Since then each district has repaired and re-built its own 
 house, which is done by a separate tax, granted by the voters of the 
 district, and assessed upon the polls and estates of the inhabitants 
 thereof. 
 
 In 1851', District No. 13 was formed from parts of Nos. 2, 3 and 11, 
 and new territorial boundaries established between the several districts 
 Nos. 2, 3, 11 and 13. 
 
 With this one exception, but very few changes have been made in the 
 district lines for the last thirty years. 
 
 The school-houses are all now kept in very good condition, and our 
 inhabitants have no desire to abandon the district system, and fall back 
 upon the old but now very popular method of re-building and repairing 
 their school-houses at the expense of the town. 
 
 MILITIA. 
 
 Prior to 1791 there had been but one Military Company in the town. 
 
 Several attempts had been made to divide the company, which had 
 been rapidly increasing in number, till it now numbered about 140 men. 
 And September 26, 1791, the town voted to divide the militia into two 
 companies ; and then proceeded to choose Militia Officers. Thus it ap- 
 pears that the first officers were chosen in a town meeting, and were as 
 follows, to wit : 
 
 FOR THE WEST COMPANY. 
 
 Ebenezer Mann, Captain. Daniel Parkis,* Lieutenant. 
 
 John Browning, Ensign. 
 
 FOR THE EAST COMPANY. 
 
 Moses Greenwood. Captain. Asa Church, Lieutenant. 
 
 Paul Mathews, Ensign. 
 
 In 1S1G, an independent company, called the Hubbardston Rifle Com- 
 pany, was chartered, and the first officers elected were, — 
 
 James H. Wheeler, Captain. - Ephraim Mason, Lieutenant. 
 Briiiham Davis, Ensign. 
 
 In the Spring of 1829. after the active Militia were reduced so as to 
 include only the able-bodied men between the ages of 18 and 30 years, the 
 West Company (being the smallest) was disbanded, and the officers, to 
 wit: Asa Underwood, Captain, Makepeace Clark, Lieutenant. Samuel A. 
 Knox, Ensign, were discharged, and the non-commissioned officers and 
 privates were enrolleed in the East Company. 
 
 Soon after this, the military spirit waned very rapidly. The Rifle 
 Company, which had heretofore been a very spirited company now be- 
 gan to be regardless of a prompt discharge of duty, and the command- 
 ing officer, Captain Israel Davis, jr., neglected to warn his company for 
 the Regimental Review in the Fall of 1833, for which neglect he was 
 
 f Afterwards spelled Parkhurst. 
 
APPENDIX. 99 
 
 court martialed. Lieutenant William Hobbs received orders from the 
 superior officers to call out the company again; but the order was ttd 
 obeyed, and the company was soon after disbanded, and the COimnis- 
 Biened officers, Lieutenant Hobbs and Ensign Lyman Greenwood, dis- 
 charged, and the non-commissioned officers and privates enrolled in the 
 East Company. 
 
 Lieutenant Jonas G. Clark was now the only officer in that company. 
 He received orders for calling out the company for the choice of a 
 Captain and Ensign. The order was promptly obeyed, and the meeting 
 held, but the company were unable to choose any one for captain who 
 would accept of the office, and therefore the meeting was dissolved, 
 and soon after the old militia law was repealed, and a law authorizing a 
 volunteer militia enacted. 
 
 Again, in 1843, a charter for an independent company was granted, to 
 be called the Hubbardston Light Infantry, agreeably to the then existing 
 Laws of the Commonwealth. This company was organized, and the 
 following named persons elected and commissioned as the first officers, 
 to wit : 
 
 George Williams, Jr., Captain, Joseph Russell, 3d Lieutenant, 
 
 Henry Chase, 1st Lieutenant, Harvey Brown, 4th 
 
 Daniel Witt, 2nd tw 
 
 The members provided themselves with a good uniform, the Common- 
 wealth furnished the arms, and the Town provided an armory, and for 
 a time the duties required by law were performed promptly and with a 
 hearty good will. 
 
 After the discharge of Captain Williams, Lieutenant Chase was pro- 
 moted to Captain, and labored hard to keep up the same military spirit. 
 After his discharge, Harvey Brown was elected Captain, and served about 
 one year, and after getting his discharge, several meetings were held for 
 the purpose of electing a captain ; but the company failed of finding any 
 one who would accept of the office, and the duty of commanding fell on 
 Lieutenant W. D. Cheever, who discharged the duty of commander one 
 entire year; but during the season of 1S50, Moses Brown was elected 
 Captain and accepted, and continued to discharge the duties of the office 
 for the remainder of that year. But the next Spring, the Captain being 
 absent, orders were sent to Lieutenant John B. Flynn, who warned the 
 company for the annual May Training, but less than one half the sol- 
 diers responded to the call. 
 
 The company now surrendered their charter, and the arms belonging 
 to the Commonwealth were returned to the Adjutant General, and tliu< 
 ended Military Reviews, Inspections and Drills in the town of Hub- 
 bardston. 
 

 100 APPENDIX. 
 
 The Manufactures and productions in 1845 were as 
 
 follows : 
 
 Number of Chairs, 69,500, value $14,533.00 
 
 Number of Settees, 1000, value .... 
 
 2,000.00 
 
 Other Cabinet Ware, 
 
 200.00— $16,733.00 
 
 Employed 40 males. 
 
 
 Number of Brogans, 18,000 pairs, value . 
 
 15,700.00 
 
 • Number of Boots, 2,890 pairs, value 
 
 5,000.00— 20,700.00 
 
 Employed 26 males, 10 females. 
 
 
 Number of Wagons, Buggies, &c., 31, value 
 
 1,600.00 
 
 Number of Sleighs, 40, value . 
 
 800.00— 2,400.00 
 
 Employed 5 males. 
 
 
 Lumber, — Boards, 1,735,000 ft., value . 
 
 13,322.00 
 
 Shingles, 405,000, value 
 
 810.00— 14,132.00 
 
 Employed 35 males. 
 
 
 Hides tanned 2000, value of Leather, 
 
 . 4,908.00 
 
 Employed 5 males. 
 
 
 
 
 Employed 200 females and children. 
 
 
 Tin ware, value . . . 
 
 400.00 
 
 Air Tight Stoves and Funnel, value .... 
 
 600.00— 1,000.00 
 
 Employed 1 male. 
 
 
 Card boards, 11,579 doz. pair, value, 
 
 4,327.00 
 
 Employed 10 males. 
 
 
 Churns, (Cylinder), 1000, value 
 
 2,500.00 
 
 Churns, (Dash), 200, value 
 
 100.00— 2,600.00 
 
 Employed 5 males. 
 
 
 
 
 Employed 4 males. 
 
 
 Harnesses, 19, value . . . . 
 
 161.00 
 
 Collars, 25, value 
 
 69.00— 230.00 
 
 Employed 2 males. 
 
 
 Indjan Corn, 5,195 bushels, value 
 
 $4,157.60 
 
 Wheat, 20 " " ... 
 
 30.00 
 
 Rye, 750 " "... 
 
 625.00 
 
 Barley, 2,632 " " ... 
 
 1,579.20 
 
 Oats, 6,201 " "... 
 
 2,170.35 
 
 Potatoes,* 12,171 " " ... 
 
 . 4,057.00 
 
 Emit, 15,062 " "... 
 
 1,546.00 
 
 Hay, 2,785 tons, " ... 
 
 . 22,941.00 
 
 Butter, 44.664 lbs. "... 
 
 6,252.96 
 
 « Cheese, 53,365 " " ... 
 
 2,790.00 
 
 Turnips,Carrots and other vegetables, 1,917 bushels 
 
 value 387.00 
 
 * Less than one-third of a crop, because of the rot. 
 
 
APPENDIX. 101 
 
 Horses 221 value .... $12,244.00 
 
 Oxen, 246 " .... 7,89000 
 
 Cows, 881 "....'. 17,620.00 
 
 Other neat cattle 414 " .... 3,684.00 
 
 Sheep, 423 " 1,269.00 
 
 Swine, 224 " .... 1,792.00 
 
 The manufactures and productions of Hubbardston, returned to the 
 Secretary of the Commonwealth for 1855, were as follows, viz : 
 
 Establishments for the manufacture of Carriages, &c, 1; value of Carriages, 
 &c. manufactured $1000 ;• capital $200 ; employ 2 males. 
 
 Chairs, &c. 6 ; value of ware manufactured $25,835 ; capital $8,000 ; employ 
 44 males. 
 
 Tin Ware 1 ; value of ware manufactnred $18,000; capital 5,000; employ 9 
 males. 
 
 Glue 1 ; value manufactured $3000; capital $800; Employ 4 males. 
 
 Tanneries 1; Hides tanned 1,800; value of leather tanned $4,250; capital 
 $2,000 ; employ 4 males. 
 
 Boots and shoes, value manufactured $20,250 ; employ 39 males. 
 
 Palmleaf Hats, value $2,700 ; employ 200 females. 
 
 Wooden Ware, value $2,000 ; employ 2 males. 
 
 Lumber prepared, 2,540,000 ft. ; value $30,480; employ 33 males. 
 
 Firewood prepared, 4000 cords ; value $10,000; employ 25 males. 
 
 Sheep kept, 157, value $622.00 
 
 Wool produced, 428 lbs. 
 
 Horses, 256, value 20,760.00 
 
 Oxen, 200,1 1( ■ 17,890.00 
 
 Steers, 104, ) 
 
 Milch Cows, 681, U 29,238.00 
 
 Heifers, 211, J 
 
 Butter, 47,285 lbs. value 11,917.00 
 
 Cheese, 22,800 " 1,931.00 
 
 Indian Corn, 221 acres, 7,735 bushels, value 9,668.75 
 
 Wheat, 13 " 260 " " 520.00 
 
 Rye, 34 " 640 " " 1,020.00 
 
 Barley, 79 " 2,212 " " 2,212.00 
 
 Oats, 141 " 6.627 " " 8,318.50 
 
 Potatoes, 185 " 27,750 " " 13,875.00 
 
 Value of Onions, Carrots, Beets, and other esculent vegetables, . 1,764.50 
 
 English Hay, 2,465 acres, 2,247 tons, value 35,952.00 
 
 Swale or Meadow Hay, 620 " 4,976.00 
 
 Apples, ".-... 3,216.00 
 
 In 1865, the manufactures and productions were as follows ■ 
 
 Establishments for the manufacture of chairs, &c. 5 ; value manufactured 
 $35,004; capital $11,700; employ 41 males, 50 females. 
 
 Tin Ware 1 ; value of Ware $3,000 ; capital $1,000; employ 4 males. 
 
 Tanneries 1; Hides tanned 1,200; value of Leather $9,000 ; capital S3.000 ; 
 employ 3 males. 
 
102 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Box Establishments 2 ; value of wooden Boxes manufactured $3,100; capital 
 $1,700; employ 4 males. 
 
 Lumber prepared, 1,669,000 ft. ; value $24,784. Shingles 143,000 ; value $550 ; 
 capital $16,100; employ 19 males. 
 
 Firewood and bark prepared 1,306 Cords; value $3,688. 
 
 Shoe Tools 1 ; value $3,000; capital $2,500 ; employ 4 males. 
 
 Boots 22,328 pairs ; Shoes 300 pairs; value of Boots and Shoes $69,717 ; cap- 
 ital $16,000 ; employ 32 males and 3 females. 
 
 Toy Wheelbarrows and Hand Sleds, value $2000. 
 
 Sheep, 307, value $1,768.00 
 
 Wool produced 1303 lbs., value 652.00 
 
 Horses, 246, value 19,935.00 
 
 Oxen, 106, ) „ 
 
 Steers, 80, ) 
 
 Milch Cows, 508, I „ 
 
 Heifers, 39, J 
 
 Value of Neat Stock not enumerated in the above number, 241, . 5,669.00 
 
 Butter, 18,286, lbs. value . . 7,314.40 
 
 Cheese, 8,068 " 1,613.60 
 
 Milk, 1,855 sals. " 480.10 
 
 12,322.00 
 
 23,810.00 
 
 Indian Corn, 124 3-4 acres, 3,918 bushels, value .... 7,836.00 
 
 433.50 
 
 207.50 
 
 1,517.00 
 
 2,755.00 
 
 8,684.00 
 
 799.50 
 
 36,220.00 
 
 4,480.00 
 
 3,099 00 
 
 80.00 
 
 30.00 
 
 Card Board Establishments 3 ; Boards manufactured 7100 dozen pairs ; value 
 $4,450; capital $1,700; employ 9 males. 
 
 Wheat, 10 3-4 " 
 
 144 1-2 " 
 
 Eye, 5 3-4 " 
 
 83 
 
 Barley, 60 " 
 
 1,517 
 
 Oats, 94 " 
 
 2,755 " 
 
 Potatoes, 146 1-2 " 
 
 17,368 
 
 Turnips, Carrots, &c, 
 
 1,599 
 
 English Hay, 2222 
 
 1,811 tons, 
 
 Swale and Meadow Hay, 
 
 448 " 
 
 Apples, 
 
 
 Pears, 
 
 
 Other cultivated Fruit, 
 
 
 Population of Hubbardston at different periods : 
 
 1767, about 
 
 1776, .... 
 1790, .... 
 1800, .... 
 1810,* .... 
 1820, .... 
 
 150 
 
 1830, 
 
 488 
 
 1840, 
 
 933 
 
 1 850, 
 
 1,113 
 
 1855, 
 
 1,127 
 
 1860, 
 
 1,367 
 
 1865, 
 
 1,674 
 
 1,784 
 1,825 
 1,744 
 1,621 
 1,546 
 
 * The south-east corner of Hubbardston, containing about 500 acres of land, with 5 families 
 and about 40 inhabitants, was set off and annexed to Princeton Feb. 26, 1810. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 103 
 
 The whole number of Families in 1782, 
 
 " 1794, 
 
 " " . " 1800, 
 
 " 1810, 
 
 " " " 1820, 
 
 " " " 1830, 
 
 *' 1840, 
 
 " " 1850, 
 
 107 
 131 
 146 
 182 
 213 
 2G1 
 291 
 325 
 
 The valuation of the town as prepared by the State at the several dif- 
 ferrent dates has been as follows, to wit : 
 
 Polls. 
 1831, 346, 
 
 1841, 423, 
 
 1851, 473, 
 
 1861, 
 1865, 
 
 454, 
 
 5314,467.00 
 411,458.00 
 643,50.3.00 
 609,054.00 
 741,433.00 
 
 
 The report of the Valuation Committee of the year 18G0 shows the 
 following facts concerning the property of Hubbardston : 
 Number of ratable Polls 20 years old and upwards, . 
 
 " " male " " " " " not taxed, 
 
 " " males supported by the town, 20 years old and upwards, 
 
 " " Dwelling Houses, 326, value $325, . 
 
 Barns, 315, 
 
 Shops connected with dwellings 11, 
 
 150, 
 
 . 403 
 51 
 3 
 $105,950.00 
 47,250.00 
 
 " Other Shops, 
 
 74, 
 
 
 " Warehouses and Stores, 
 
 4, 
 
 500, 
 
 " Tanneries, 
 
 1, 
 
 1,800, 
 
 " Grist Mills, 
 
 2, 
 
 200, 
 
 " Saw Mills, 
 
 15, 
 
 200, 
 
 " Boot Factories, 
 
 2, 
 
 
 " Chair " 
 
 3, 
 
 
 Amount of every person's whole stock in trade, .... 
 " " money at interest more than any creditor pays interest for, 
 
 " " Stock in Banks, 
 
 " " Shares in Railroads 5 ; value 
 
 2,000.00 
 
 1,800.00 
 
 400.00 
 
 :s,( .00 
 
 2,400.00 
 
 3,000.00 
 
 18,900.00 
 
 82,085.00 
 
 7,760.00 
 
 500 
 
 Acres of land annually tilled (exclusive of orchards tilled), 671, val. $20, 13,420.00 
 
 " " orcharding of all kinds, 81, " 30, 2.430.00 
 
 " " Upland Mowing, (excluding orchards,) 2,441, " 20, 48,820.00 
 
 Tons of English Hay, 1,899, 
 
 " " Orchards mowed, 81, 
 
 Tons of Hay, 81, 
 
 " " Fresh Meadow, 875, 
 
 Tons of Meadow Hay, 644, 
 
 " " Pasture land, 9,385, " 10, 93,850.00 
 
 " "Woodland, 8,642, " 25, 91,050.00 
 
 Estimated number of Cords of Wood 108,024, 
 

 104 APPENDIX. 
 
 Acres of Unimproved land, 5,309, value $4, 21,236.00 
 
 " " Unimprovable land, 2,790, 
 
 " " Land used for roads, 345, 
 
 " u « covered with water, 420, 
 
 Horses 1 year old and upwards, . 249, " 60, 15,540.00 
 
 Oxen 4 " " " " 183, " 40, 7,320.00 
 
 Cows 3 " " " " 788, " . 25, 19,700.00 
 
 Steers and Heifers 1 year old and upwards, 485, " 10, 4,850.00 
 
 Sheep 6 months old and upwards, 206, " 2, 412,00 
 
 Swine 6 " " " " 146, " 6, 876.00 
 
 Valuation of, and Tax upon, the property of the town of Hubbards- 
 
 ton, as taken May 1, 1867 : — 
 
 Valuation of Real Estate, ...... $544,110 
 
 " " Personal Estate, 199,506—743,616.00 
 
 Number of Polls 409 
 
 Amount of money raised to defray town charges, .... $4,000.00 
 
 " " " " for support of Schools, .... 2,000.00 
 
 " " " " to repair Highways, 2,000.00 
 
 
 
 Overlay ings, 
 
 483.11 
 
 
 $13,263.66 
 
 Scale $16.30 on $1,000. 
 
 Names. Tax. 
 
 Names. Tax. 
 
 Allen, Asa $19.97 
 
 Baker, Sally 22.01 
 
 Allen, John G. 69.50 
 
 Baker, Quincy 18.96 
 
 Allen, Sally 6.52 
 
 Brown, Sewell 5.84 
 
 Allen, Mary 6.52 
 
 Brown, Dana 191.89 
 
 Allen, George 8.062 
 
 Brown, Clinton 4.54 
 
 Austin, Charles 19.38 
 
 Brown, Harvey 3.57 
 
 Allen, Apollos A. . 3.89 
 
 Brown & Bacon, 47.98 
 
 Adams, John 65.34 
 
 Brown, Austin 24.10 
 
 Adams, Darius 2.91 
 
 Brown, Shepherd 19.01 
 
 Adams, Homer M. 20.20 
 
 Brown, Thomas H, heirs of 49.71 
 
 Adams, John, Jr. 25.45 
 
 Brown, Gilbert 31.35 
 
 Adams, Amos T. 3.08 
 
 Brown, Moses 162.20 
 
 Adams, Henrv M. 2.91 
 
 Brown, Emeline 8.15 
 
 Ashley, Charles W. 15.54 
 
 Brown, Walter R. 2.91 
 
 
 Brown, Welcome 2.91 
 
 Bal com, Joseph G. 4.54 
 
 Barnes, Francis . 12.61 
 
 Bowker, George L. 5.36 
 
 Barnes, Myra and Lucy 2.77 
 
 Bowkcr & Balcom 97.80 
 
 Barnes, Myra 6.52 
 
 Bennett, William 136.97 
 
 Brigbam, Orlando S. 90.60 
 
 Bennett, Addison 70.33 
 
 Brigham & Potter, 9.78 
 
 Bennett, Henry 25.61 
 
 Bates, George S. 12.53 
 
 Bennett, Moses 5.43 
 
 Browning, Joshua 18.54 
 
 Bennett, Albert & Edwin 228.81 
 
 Browning, James 16.93 
 
 Bennett, Albert 29.34 
 
 Browning, Abby D. 9.78 
 
 Bennett, Loring 16,35 
 
 Browning, Lyman W. 2.91 
 
 Bennett, David 123.39 
 
 Bellows, Isaac 20.84 
 
 Bennett, Martha 7.82 
 
 Bigelow, Sullivan 6.17 
 
 

 APPENDIX. 
 
 lor, 
 
 Names. 
 
 Tax. 
 
 Names. 
 
 
 Bigelow, Joseph 
 
 17.58 
 
 Cleaveland, Joseph A., Jr. 
 
 •_'.'.» 1 
 
 Bigelow, Increase B. 
 
 10.24 
 
 Clienev. Lovering A. 
 
 18.72 
 
 Blood, Charles W. 
 
 44.6.'5 
 
 Cole, Stephen T. 
 
 18.64 
 
 Blood & Jackson, 
 
 3.26 
 
 Clark, Hervey 
 
 38.77 
 
 Blood, Theodore F. 
 
 3.89 
 
 Clark, Merrifield 
 
 11. or, 
 
 Blood, Joseph W. 
 
 7.80 
 
 Chase, George A. 
 
 4.21 
 
 Beaty, William T. 
 
 8.86 
 
 Cummings, Fred. A. 
 
 2.91 
 
 Bacon, Elbridge G. 
 
 2.91 
 
 Coleman, Frederick 
 
 2.91 
 
 Brant, William 
 
 10.25 
 
 Cushman, David Q. 
 
 2.91 
 
 Bennett, Hannah 
 
 29.34 
 
 Colon, Warren 
 
 2.91 
 
 Butler, Eli H. 
 
 5.36 
 
 Cole, John T. A. 
 
 2.91 
 
 Burroughs, George H. 
 
 7.97 
 
 
 
 Boyd, Hiram C. 
 
 2.91 
 
 Dewey, Francis H. 
 
 7. so 
 
 Bruce, Charles R. 
 
 2.91 
 
 Damon, Alonzo 
 
 12.<;:> 
 
 Blake, Ella 
 
 2.91 
 
 Davis, Amasa G. 
 
 81.42 
 
 Blake, John 
 
 3.73 
 
 Davis, Moses 
 
 2.91 
 
 Bigelow, Warren N. 
 
 2.91 
 
 Davis, Ann C. 
 
 7.33 
 
 Brooks, Henry D. 
 
 3.97 
 
 Davis, Charles 
 
 40.7.'! 
 
 
 
 Davis, Isaac 
 
 28.18 
 
 Clark, William S. 
 
 44.99 
 
 Davis, John 
 
 19.21 
 
 Clark, William S., Jr. 
 
 45.05 
 
 Davis, Carlo B. 
 
 16.76 
 
 Clark, William G. 
 
 15.62 
 
 Davis, Israel 
 
 73.65 
 
 Clark, Edwin H. 
 
 3367 
 
 Davis, John S. 
 
 7.80 
 
 Clark & Wilson, 
 
 8.15 
 
 Davis, Fred. E. 
 
 2.91 
 
 Clark, A. B. & E. H. 
 
 .82 
 
 Daniels, Augustus 
 
 2.91 
 
 Clark, Noah A. 
 
 14.71 
 
 Dexter, Benjamin 
 
 24.45 
 
 Clark & Goodnow, 
 
 13.04 
 
 Day, Nabby T. 
 
 9.13 
 
 Clark, Ferdinand N. 
 
 62.41 
 
 Day, Charles M. 
 
 2.91 
 
 Clark, Peter F. 
 
 20.35 
 
 Day, William B. 
 
 2.91 
 
 Clark, John C. 
 
 2.91 
 
 Downey, Michael 
 
 2.91 
 
 Clark, Amos F. 
 
 20.03 
 
 Dunton, Sylvanus, heirs of 
 
 54.75 
 
 Clark, Warren 
 
 52.63 
 
 Dunton, Newton 
 
 If). 39 
 
 Clark, Danford 
 
 61.75 
 
 Delano, C. 0. 
 
 10.16 
 
 Clark, Martin & Myrick, 
 
 Walton 30.37 
 
 Davis, Waite & Co., 
 
 70.09 
 
 Clark, Asa 
 
 5.36 
 
 Dyer, Otis 
 
 2.91 
 
 Clark, Charlotte 
 
 12.22 
 
 
 
 Clark, Asa G. 
 
 23.94 
 
 Eveleth, William J. 
 
 28.26 
 
 Clark, Washburn, 
 
 11.06 
 
 Earle, Jonathan P. 
 
 18.48 
 
 Clark, James W. 
 
 7.48 
 
 Earle, James 
 
 31.60 
 
 Clark, Anson B. 
 
 28.51 
 
 Earle, Tyler 
 
 2.91 
 
 Clark, Betsy and Maria 
 
 27.71 
 
 Earle, William H. 
 
 6.52 
 
 Clark, Betsy 
 
 29.34 
 
 Earle, Silas 
 
 10.49 
 
 Clark, Mary Ann 
 
 17.93 
 
 Eaton, John H. 
 
 2.91 
 
 Clark, John F., heirs of 
 
 3.26 
 
 Eames, Ambrose 
 
 4.21 
 
 Campbell, Vincent 
 
 4.79 
 
 
 
 Coleman, Almon 
 
 6.34 
 
 Felton, Nathan 11. 
 
 54.28 
 
 Coleman, Benjamin F. 
 
 18.23 
 
 Felton, George W. 
 
 5.86 
 
 Coleman, Reuben 
 
 12.53 
 
 Felton & Morse, 
 
 15.24 
 
 Coleman, Oliver B. 
 
 2.91 
 
 French, Perez 
 
 5 ."a. 
 
 Coleman, Hervey 
 
 9.84 
 
 Flagg, Josiah 
 
 7.80 
 
 Conant, Levi 
 
 62.82 
 
 Flagg, Joshua 
 
 22.0C, 
 
 Conant, Levi W. 
 
 15.62 
 
 Flagg, John E. 
 
 8 1:, 
 
 Conant, Benjamin P. 
 
 11.55 
 
 Flagg, Joshua, Jr. 
 
 9.48 
 
 Church, Eliza 
 
 6.52 
 
 Flagg, Joel S. 
 
 i 16 
 
 Church, Asa H. 
 
 2.91 
 
 Follett, Jonas 
 
 IS. 29 
 
 Church, Stephen D. 
 
 2.91 
 
 Follett, Lucy W. 
 
 18.04 
 
 Church, Sophia 
 
 f •,..-) 2 
 
 Falis, Joseph S. 
 
 2.91 
 
 Codding, Zenas 
 
 12.04 
 
 Kalis, Mrs. Joseph S. 
 
 25.26 
 
 Cleaveland, Henry L. 
 
 15.26 
 
 Kalis, Henry, heirs of 
 
 19.56 
 
 Cleaveland, Joseph A. 
 
 4.21 
 
 Kalis, Jarvis 
 
 
 
 14 
 
 
 

 106 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 
 Names. 
 
 Tax. 
 
 Names. 
 
 Tax. 
 
 Flynn, John B. 
 
 46.11 
 
 Hallock, Isaac 
 
 43.88 
 
 Flynn, James S. 
 
 2.91 
 
 Hallock & Pollard, 
 
 25.57 
 
 Frost, Benjamin C. 
 
 0.98 
 
 Holt, Elias O. 
 
 2.91 
 
 Fowler, Oscar A. 
 
 2.91 
 
 Harwood, Sumner 
 
 42,03 
 
 Fisher, Charles D. 
 
 2.91 
 
 Hobbs, Charles 
 
 69.50 
 
 Farrington, Manson 
 
 2.91 
 
 Hobbs, Moses G. 
 
 6.66 
 
 Forbush, David G. 
 
 2,91 
 
 Hobbs, Charles E. 
 
 2.91 
 
 
 
 Hager, Charles 
 
 17.51 
 
 Goodspeed, John 
 
 27.11 
 
 Hyde, William, 
 
 6.69 
 
 Gates, Jonathan 
 
 26.46 
 
 Hyde, William, heirs of 
 
 8.15 
 
 Gates, Jonathan D. 
 
 19.54 
 
 Hartwell, James H. 
 
 40.73 
 
 Gibbs, Amasa 
 
 12.12 
 
 Hartwell, Alonzo 
 
 21.13 
 
 Greenwood, Joseph E. 
 
 26.06 
 
 Hodge, Asa S. 
 
 68.97 
 
 Greenwood, Silas N. 
 
 25.73 
 
 Hamilton, George W. 
 
 38.48 
 
 Greenwood, Alson J. 
 
 48.30 
 
 Hastings, Dorinda C. 
 
 19.97 
 
 Greenwood, Aaron 
 
 42.27 
 
 Holt, Dennis 
 
 12.04 
 
 Greenwood, Lyman 
 
 70.39 
 
 Hosmer, D. & A. 
 
 18.91 
 
 Greenwood, Horace, heirs of 
 
 39 73 
 
 Hosmer, Amos 
 
 14.12 
 
 Greenwood, William S. 
 
 9.92 
 
 Holt, Jonas 
 
 20.03 
 
 Greenwood, Thomas E. 
 
 3.11 
 
 Harrington & Howard, 
 
 90.99 
 
 Greenwood, Morrill A. 
 
 2.91 
 
 Hinds, Charles E. 
 
 41.63 
 
 Grimes, Harrison 
 
 85.63 
 
 Harris, Joseph H. 
 
 14.32 
 
 Grimes, H., and Pollard A. 
 
 9.78 
 
 Harris, Calvin P. 
 
 5.83 
 
 Grimes, Hiram 
 
 33.23 
 
 Heard, Catharine 
 
 40.75 
 
 Grimes, Sewell 
 
 4.54 
 
 Hartwell, Edson 
 
 2.91 
 
 Grimes, Edwin 
 
 15.79 
 
 Hemenway, Albert 
 
 21.26 
 
 Grimes, Aaron 
 
 53.79 
 
 Horton, Andrew 
 
 5.92 
 
 Grimes, Joseph 
 
 20.02 
 
 
 
 Gardner, Volney 
 
 2.91 
 
 Jackson, Augustine 
 
 38.69 
 
 Gay, Aimer 
 
 43.01 
 
 Joslin, Silas 2d. 
 
 6.17 
 
 Gay, Elbridge A. 
 
 1.30 
 
 Joslin, William 
 
 67.70 
 
 Green, William M. 
 
 33.23 
 
 Ditto, as Guardian for 
 
 Dana 
 
 Green, John C. 
 
 20.51 
 
 Lyon, 
 
 18.41 
 
 Green, John C, Jr. 
 
 2.91 
 
 Joslin, Hollis 
 
 58.67 
 
 Gleason, Andrew 
 
 126.92 
 
 Joslin, Levi 
 
 67.18 
 
 Gleason, Freeland S. 
 
 2.91 
 
 Joslin, Levi G. 
 
 2.91 
 
 Gleason, Samuel S. 
 
 4.95 
 
 Joslin, Silas 
 
 25.57 
 
 Greenwood, Ethan A., heirs of 
 
 130.40 
 
 Johnson, D. L. 
 
 32.66 
 
 Greenwood, Caroline 
 
 13.04 
 
 Jennison, Flint 
 
 19.21 
 
 Gilson, Nathaniel 
 
 2.91 
 
 Jennison, Edward H. 
 
 2.91 
 
 Gregg, Frank 
 
 2.91 
 
 Jacobs, Charles 
 
 3.73 
 
 Green, Joseph 
 
 14.32 
 
 
 
 Goddard, S. W. E. 
 
 50,18 
 
 Kendall, Esther J. 
 
 5.54 
 
 Gaut, Samuel H. 
 
 2.91 
 
 King, Francis F. 
 
 2.91 
 
 
 
 Kelton, Elihu 
 
 73.62 
 
 Howe, Abel 
 
 59.51 
 
 King, Amos F. 
 
 2.91 
 
 Howe, Herbert W. 
 
 2.91 
 
 Kendall, Chester B. 
 
 20.03 
 
 Hale, Thomas, heirs of 
 
 39.28 
 
 
 
 Hale, Merrill 
 
 25.63 
 
 Leonard, Richard 
 
 20.35 
 
 Hale, Irving T. 
 
 15.95 
 
 Laughna, Terrence 
 
 7.48 
 
 Hale, J. Otis 
 
 75.89 
 
 Lamb, James 
 
 2.91 
 
 Hale & Williams, 
 
 110.02 
 
 Lamb, Harrison W. 
 
 2.91 
 
 Hale, Seth P. 
 
 2.91 
 
 Lamb, Larkin 
 
 2.91 
 
 Heald, Calvin 
 
 2.93 
 
 Lyon, Aaron 
 
 10.41 
 
 Heald & Goodspeed, • 
 
 66.13 
 
 Lovewell, Leander 
 
 23.24 
 
 Heald, Abigail 
 
 16.30 
 
 Lovewell, Joseph 
 
 25.97 
 
 Hunting; Julianna 
 
 29.91 
 
 Lovewell, John 
 
 27.37 
 
 Hunting, Daniel 
 
 4.87 
 
 Leamy, William 
 
 15.47 
 
 Hunting, Henry 
 
 3;21 
 
 Lester, Anthony 
 
 6.17 
 
 Hallock, William A. 
 
 2.91 
 
 Lamphear, S. H. 
 
 49.52 
 
 

 APPENDIX. 
 
 107 
 
 Karnes. 
 
 Tax. 
 
 Names. 
 
 Tax. 
 
 Lewis, Fanny S. 
 
 14.26 
 
 Nichols, Samuel G. 
 
 3.09 
 
 Lewis, Albert S. 
 
 2.91 
 
 Nichols, Joseph C. 
 
 2.91 
 
 Leland, Moses 
 
 15.38 
 
 Nichols, Moses 
 
 28.75 
 
 Lucius, Andrew 
 
 2.91 
 
 Nelson, Oliver 
 
 2.91 
 
 
 
 Newton, Timothy 
 
 3.73 
 
 Morse, John 
 
 77.43 
 
 
 
 Morse, Lyman 
 Morse, Joel 
 
 15.95 
 
 Osgood, Isaac 
 
 15.95 
 
 4.38 
 
 Osgood, Henry W. 
 
 4.70 
 
 Morse, J. & F. P. 
 
 12.22 
 
 Olmstead, Israel J. 
 
 2.91 
 
 Morse, Fred. P. 
 
 7.07 
 
 Orr, Thomas 
 
 2.91 
 
 Morse, Horace 
 
 31.44 
 
 Prentiss, Henry 
 
 207.47 
 
 Morse, William H. 
 
 83.60 
 
 Prentiss, Spencer 
 
 77.22 
 
 Morse, Augustus 
 
 26.08 
 
 Prentiss, George 
 
 43.66 
 
 Morse & Pollard, 
 
 97.80 
 
 Pollard, David 
 
 146.24 
 
 Morse, Augusta 
 
 26.08 
 
 Pollard, Charles E. 
 
 2.91 
 
 Marean, Joseph P. 
 
 53.45 
 
 Pollard, Alden 
 
 28.19 
 
 Marean, Clark W. 
 
 17.58 
 
 Pollard, A. and Greenwood 
 
 J. L. 9.78 
 
 Marean, Oren 
 
 79.36 
 
 Pollard, Edmund A. 
 
 39.59 
 
 Marean, William 
 
 12.20 
 
 Pollard, Charles A. 
 
 2.91 
 
 May, Patrick C. 
 
 4.38 
 
 Phelps, Benjamin D. 
 
 95.41 
 
 May, Mrs. P. C. 
 
 6.52 
 
 Phelps, Henry B. 
 
 2.91 
 
 Merriam, Asa 
 
 64.03 
 
 Phelps, Moses 
 
 16.05 
 
 Merriam, Willard 
 
 2.91 
 
 Phelps, Dexter 
 
 14.67 
 
 Marean, Dumont 
 
 3.24 
 
 Pond, Hollis 
 
 -4 1 .-: 1 
 
 Marean, Cecelia 
 
 7.33 
 
 Pond, George H. 
 
 2.91 
 
 Marean, William C. 
 
 2.91 
 
 Pond, Levi T. 
 
 2.91 
 
 Moulton, Sewell 
 
 180.33 
 
 Pond, Horace G. 
 
 48.63 
 
 Maynard, Samuel J. 
 
 4.21 
 
 Pond, Ezra P. 
 
 48.26 
 
 Maynard, Fred. 
 
 2.91 
 
 Parker, Otis 
 
 49.19 
 
 Miller, Addison 
 
 2.91 
 
 Parker, William J. 
 
 13.89 
 
 Morrissey, John 
 
 6.17 
 
 Parker, Stephen S. 
 
 2.91 
 
 Murdock, Sumner 
 
 27.93 
 
 Pierce, Benjamin F. 
 
 79.09 
 
 Murdock, Elisha 
 
 41.13 
 
 Pierce, Levi 
 
 32.60 
 
 Murdock, E., and Stowe, W. 
 
 12.43 
 
 Pierce, Watson I. 
 
 2.91 
 
 Murdock, Joseph C. 
 
 26.58 
 
 Parkhurst, A. H. 
 
 14.65 
 
 Murdock, Lcander L. 
 
 2.91 
 
 Phillips, James 
 Phillips, Benjamin F. 
 Partridge, Abijah, heirs of 
 
 2.91 
 
 Mann, Ebenezer 
 
 22.89 
 
 3.26 
 
 Mundell, Isaac 
 
 17.91 
 
 .4'.' 
 
 Martin, George W. 
 
 2.91 
 
 Potter, Bennett 
 
 27.85 
 
 Minns, Thomas 
 
 19.36 
 
 Prouty, Norman F. 
 
 3.26 
 
 Minns, James 
 
 2.91 
 
 Pike, Amos 
 
 15.46 
 
 Minns, John 
 
 2.91 
 
 Perry, Charles M. 
 
 4.54 
 
 Myriek, Walter 
 
 1.75 
 
 Parsons, Willard 
 
 10.65 
 
 McFarland, Elijah 
 
 8.64 
 
 Putnam, Rufus 
 
 2.91 
 
 McFarland, Elijah W. 
 
 18.56 
 
 Potter, James 11. 
 
 29.15 
 
 McClenathan, Whiting 
 
 14.32 
 
 
 
 Moore, Thomas L., heirs of 
 
 3.75 
 
 Richardson, Peter 
 
 79.60 
 
 Moore, Joseph W. 
 
 3.89 
 
 Raymond, Nathan 
 
 2.91 
 
 Moore, Rufus D. 
 
 2.91 
 
 Reed, Sophia P. 
 
 32.60 
 
 Morse, John Q. 
 
 59 56 
 
 Reed, Joseph P. 
 
 50.26 
 
 Morse, Adeline B. 
 
 8.15 
 
 Reid, George W. 
 
 152.75 
 
 Moore, Luke S. 
 
 60.46 
 
 Ditto, as Trustee for Amasa 
 
 Clark, 48.90 
 
 Miller, Fidelia 
 
 6.52 
 
 Pice, David 
 
 3.40 
 
 MeCormack, Michael 
 
 7.72 
 
 Rice, Francis 
 
 21.33 
 
 McCormack, Timothy 
 
 2.91 
 
 Rice, George W. 
 
 2.91 
 
 Maney, Edward 
 
 17.99 
 
 Russell, Silas 
 
 2,91 
 
 Magrath, Roxana, heirs of 
 
 4.89 
 
 RoSSell, Joseph 
 
 29.52 
 
 Morrissey, Patrick 
 
 2.91 
 
 Roper, Samuel 
 
 24-26 
 
 Mulstay, Owen 
 
 1438 
 
 Hand, William C. 
 
 2. '.M 
 
 
 
 Robbins, Albert 
 
 2. '.II 
 
108 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Names. Tax. 
 
 Stone, Jotham 21.17 
 
 Stone, Andrew 12.23 
 
 Stone, A. and Conant, B. P. 1 1 .41 
 
 Stone, Milton 31.19 
 
 Sheedy, William 2.91 
 
 Smith", John A. 7.80 
 
 Stowe, Ephraim 18.96 
 
 Stowe, William 51.89 
 
 Stowe, George W. 4 54 
 
 Stowe, Sumner M. 2.91 
 
 Stowe, Reuben 15.54 
 
 Stowe, Charles E. 2.91 
 
 Simonds, Willard A. 2.91 
 
 Savage, Seth 27.90 
 
 Savage, Samuel K. 22.01 
 
 Savage, James 24.73 
 
 Sawyer, Luke 71.95 
 
 Sargent, E. M. 5.36 
 
 Sargent, Mrs. E. M. 2.45 
 
 Smith, Emmons 16.11 
 
 Smith, Ira W. 2.91 
 
 Sargent, William H. 2.91 
 
 Shaffer, Jacob 2.91 
 
 Sargent, Elwell 2.91 
 
 Smith, Loring 2.91 
 
 Savage, Edward B. 2.91 
 
 Sanford, Richard 3.56 
 
 Sheron, John 3.64 
 
 Taylor, Lemuel F. 6.74 
 
 Taylor, Nathaniel 6.99 
 
 Tyler, Nathan 7.15 
 
 Thompson, John 72.70 
 
 Thompson, Charles J. 10.25 
 
 Thompson, Henrv C. 3.85 
 
 Temple, Rhoda 28.53 
 
 Tenney, Daniel W. 3.89 
 
 Tennev, Joseph M. 13.67 
 
 Tenney, Charles F. 2.91 
 
 Taft, Alonzo J., heirs of 1.30 
 
 Tilton, Ebenezer 68,80 
 
 Tilton, E. & Co. 44.82 
 
 Tilton, Joseph 7.23 
 
 Titus, William C, heirs of 9.78 
 
 Thacher, Elbridge G. 2.91 
 
 Tracey, Richard 2.91 
 
 Thomas, Herbert G. 2.91 
 
 Tolman, Henry J. 2.91 
 
 Taylor, Edward T. 3.61 
 
 Underwood, Asa 61.10 
 
 Underwood, Caleb 33.07 
 
 Underwood, Horace 98.18 
 
 Underwood, Josiah 106.42 
 
 Underwood, John 8.13 
 
 Names. Tax. 
 
 Uuderwood, Amos G. 20.12 
 
 Upham, James P. 6.17 
 
 Waite, Moses 9.13 
 
 Waite, Joseph 27.86 
 
 Waite, Aaron 47.90 
 
 Waite, George A. 2.91 
 
 Waite, Rockwell H. 26.06 
 
 Waite, Luke 75.67 
 
 Waite, Increase S. 55.89 
 
 Waite, Albert H. 2.91 
 
 Warren, Betsy 27.71 
 
 Warren, Walter 60.45 
 
 Whittemore, William H. 10.25 
 
 Woods, Edwin 22.56 
 
 Woodward, Elisha 22.55 
 
 Woodward, Rowland 33.39 
 
 Woodward, John E. 128.66 
 Ditto, as Trustee for P. Grimes, 97.80 
 
 Woodward & Warren, 60.31 
 
 Woodward, Lyman 71.08 
 
 Wheeler, Sewell 64.44 
 
 Wheeler, Jennison 26.06 
 
 Wheeler, Albert 23.49 
 
 Wheeler, Moses C. 26.87 
 
 Wilbur, Williams 43.67 
 
 Wilbur, Priest, heirs of 1 1 .90 
 
 Willard, Ephraim 41.89 
 
 Wilson, Abram H. 20.36 
 
 Whitney, Jonathan W. 15.95 
 
 Whitney, Rebekah G. 4.89 
 
 Williams, Luke 22.95 
 
 Wiljiams, Luke, Jr. 86.25 
 
 Williams, John D. 143.79 
 
 Williams, William C. 23.05 
 
 Williams, David R. 4.95 
 
 Witt, Daniel 14.32 
 
 Whitney, George W. 12.73 
 
 Wright, Nathan, heirs of 19.56 
 
 Wright, Benjamin F. 7.23 
 
 Wright, Benjamin 3.56 
 
 Wright, Joab C. 80.34 
 
 Wright, Elizabeth 40.10 
 
 Wright, John R. 26.22 
 
 Wvman, Harrison 26.59 
 
 Willis, George 18.40 
 
 Ward, James 12.69 
 
 Warren, Harriet 9.78 
 
 Ward, Hiram 11.72 
 
 Ware, Albert 2.91 
 
 Wilder, Henry A. 34.37 
 
 Woods, Edward 2.91 
 
 Young, Allen 4.94 
 
 Young, Sumner C. 30.31 
 
APPENDIX. 109 
 
 There are about 3968 acres of Non-Resident Lands : "Valuation thereof, 
 $62,830.00 ; Tax on the same, $1,024.13. 
 
 In addition to the foregoing, there were School District Taxes raised in the 
 following Districts, to wit : 
 
 District No. 2, Grant $50.00, Overlayings 1.75, Scale 0.60 
 " 3, " 25.00, " 1.91, " 40 
 
 " 7, " 25.00, " 1.68, " 40 
 
 " 9, " 75.00, " 1.90, " 2.00 
 
 The money granted by the town for the support of Common Schools is divided 
 among the several Districts in the following manner, to wit : 
 
 One third part thereof is divided equally among the Districts, and the remain- 
 der is allotted to the Districts in proportion to the children therein between the 
 ages of 4 and 21 years. 
 
3 t.\)"C- 
 
 £ASV~^**~^ 
 
 AN 
 
 AD D R E S S, 
 
 IX C O M M E M O It A 1 1 ( > N ( ) l ' T 1 1 E 
 
 ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY 
 
 OK THE INCORPORATION' OF THE 
 
 TOWN OF HUBBAKDSTOX, MASS.. , 
 
 DELIVERED JUNE 18th, 1867, 
 
 BY REV. JOHN M. STOWE, OF {SULLIVAN, N. II.: 
 
 A P E M , 
 
 PREPARED BY DEA. EPHRAIM STOWE: 
 
 TOGETHER WITH OTHER 
 PROCEEDINGS AND EXEKCISES CONNECTED WITH THE OCCAM* >N . 
 
 W I T II A X 
 
 A P P E N D 1 X , 
 
 Containing a List or the Municipal Officers, 
 
 ANI> OTHER INTERESTING MATTER. 
 
 WORCESTER: 
 PRINTED BY C II A S . HAMILTON, 
 PALLADIUM OFFK 
 
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