Class L Book COFWIGHT DEPOSIT. History of Chelmsford HENRY SPAULDING PERHAM J HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD MASSACHUSETTS BY THE REV. WILSON WATERS, M. A., B. D. Printed fok the Town Br THE COURIER-CITIZEN COMPANY Lowell, MASSACHUsETxa 1917. C4^SW3 COPYKIQHT, 1917 By WILSON WATERS ^ JUL 12 1917 :Dci Ai7j?ooi ^ INTRODUCTION THE work of preparing a history of Chelmsford was under- taken by Mr. Henry S. Perham in 1904, at the request of the Town. Mr. Perham, a native of Chelmsford, whose ancestor was one of the early settlers, had written a sketch of Chelmsford for Hurd's History of Middlesex Coimty, published in 1891; and at the Quarter-Millennial celebration in 1905, he delivered the historical address which was printed in the Report of the Proceedings. At the time of his death, in 1906, he had written so much of the contemplated history as appears in the first chapter of this volume under the title, "The Beginning." This, with whatever other material (consisting of a few notes, some correspondence, and occasional addresses in manuscript), was found among his papers, came into my hands, when, in 1907, I was asked by the Town to take up the work interrupted by the lamented death of Mr. Perham. I reluctantly accepted the task, realizing the labor involved and the time it would take from other pressing duties. I have endeavored to bring the work to completion in a manner as nearly consonant with that of my predecessor and as worthy of the subject as the imposed conditions and my own limitations would allow. I have traversed the whole field, verifying the quotations made by Mr. Perham, although this was hardly necessary in the case of such an accurate historian, and have searched diligently for the facts now presented to the reader. I am aware that further years of work might yield some things of interest yet unearthed, and perhaps give better finish to the result of my labors. The reader may discover a somewhat arbitrary grouping of chapters and subjects: perhaps a more homogeneous and logical arrangement might have been made, had the conditional limitations allowed. As the work progressed, it became evident that, to make a volume of reasonable size, and to shape it in the docimientary and topical, rather than the narrative style, it would be necessary to repress all inclination to the fine periods which make a book vi HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD more acceptable to the ordinary reader. The doctiments repro- duced are of more value in a work of this nature than a mere reference to them, or than anything which an author may say concerning them, and are often more interesting and illimiinating. This History is compiled, not so much to entertain, as to inform the reader concerning the past life of the Town, and to furnish him with a reference book of lasting value. Dr. Samuel A. Green, President of the Massachusetts Historical Society, a friend and helper of Mr. Perham in his historical work, said to me several years ago, "Do not spend too much time gathering material." A certain amount of material is essential to a good history, and, having gathered sufficient, as I think, for this purpose, I now present the result to the patient reader. Extracts have been given from Bridge's diary, now in the possession of the Fiske family, of which Mr. Perham made a faithful copy. It is a valuable doctmient, and should be printed. Wherever Mr. Perham's material has been used, it has been my purpose to give him due credit for the same. After Chapter I, extracts from the Town records have been given without reference to Book and page, the reader being able to find them in loco by the date. About forty manuscript volumes of Chelmsford records have been read through, and much has been gleaned from the 240 folio volumes of manuscripts in the State Archives. The first book of Proprietors' records was burned about 1715. Parts of the first and second volvmies of Town records are missing. The transcript made in 1742 gives only such records as the committee deemed important. Under a vote of the Town, in 1892, Henry S. Perham and George A. Parkhurst were made a committee to copy the first two books of records. The work was done by the former. Several of the early books have been preserved by the Emery process. The church records during the time of Mr. Clarke and Mr. Stoddard (1675-1740) are missing. Doctmients and quotations from records are reproduced as nearly like the original as can be done in type — not so easily read, but more pleasing to the historian and antiquarian. The old custom of writing ye for the arose from the resemblance of y to the Anglo-Saxon letter thorn, which was really more like INTRODUCTION vii our small italic p, and which had the value of ih. The letter thorn was used in English until, in the fifteenth century, it was transformed to y. The article, though written ye, should be pronounced the. Some persons will, perhaps, be disappointed that the history contains no complete family genealogies. Several genealogies of the early families were prepared, but, as it was found that to include all of these would require a separate volume, they were necessarily omitted.* Himian society, whether political or religious, makes progress by friction. Thoreau likened the two great political parties to the gizzard of a grain-eating fowl, between the two parts of which the people are ground. Benjamin P. Hunt, on a fly-leaf of his copy of Emerson's "First Church in Boston," copied these extracts from a letter of John Adams, written in 1817: "There is an overweening fondness for representing this country as a place of liberty, equality, fraternity, union, harmony and benevolence. But let not your sons or mine deceive them- selves. This country, like all others, has been a theatre of parties and feuds for near two hundred years. "Look into all our memorials, histories they cannot be called, Winslow's, Winthrop, Morton the first, Morton the second, Hubbard, Mather, Prince, and even Hutchinson himself, and then judge how sweetly harmonious our ancestors have been. "There is one morsel which I beg leave to recommend to the deliberate perusal of your children and mine. It is my friend Emerson's 'History of the First Church.' See there elements that have been fomenting, foaming and frothing ever since." (Works, Vol. 10.) See also Slafter's "Memoir of the Rev. John Checkley," and many other volumes. The truth of history is sacred. The chronicler and historian must record things as he finds them. In our day war is decried, *It hfta been necessary to omit even mention of many things which have had part in the life of the Town's people, such as the North Chelmsford Cricket Club, the Hornbeam Hill Golf Club at the Centre, the tennis, whist, and dancing clubs, the Lodge of Odd Fellows formerly existing at the Centre, and the Civic League. The prosperous life of the Town depends upon the worth of its citizens, the solid, faithful people, men and women, whose names, many of them, are not printed in town histories, because they happen not to be called to public duties. Among Chelmsford people who have gained success abroad may be mentioned John GaJen Howard (son of Dr. Levi Howard), who studied at the MassachuBetts Institute of Technology and I'Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris, and is now Professor of Architecture at the University of California, and the designer of its buildings. viii HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD and justly. We are sick of its horrible details. The history of our first two hundred years is ivll of battle, and if all its awfulness could be depicted, it would strongly dissuade from its continuance. Mr. Perham held deeply the modem feeling against war, and rightly. He felt that it was at least unwise to perpetuate the memory of war-like deeds and victories over our fellows obtained by great slaughter. We shall all welcome the coming of the day "when justice and reason and not rapine and murder shall hold sway over the destinies of the world." Yet none of us can fail to accord the meed of praise to the brave defenders of our liberties. I have no idea what Mr. Perham's plan was in regard to making a record of Chelmsford's part in the Indian Wars and the Revolution. He had very little material for such a record, and that, evidently, he had when the Htird sketch was written a quarter of a century ago. And in what he had written for this History, he passes over the period of King Philip's War with slight mention . My purpose has been to give only so much of the history of our wars as may help the reader to understand the part per- formed in them by the men of this Town. In Chapter V, the records of Chelmsford men in the Revolu- tion are given. The records of the Continental Line towards the close of the war are in Washington, and I have not had access to them. Some of the later records, as foimd in the Massachusetts Archives, are, however, included in this chapter. Religious conflict has been less bloody, but at times bitter among good men and women, and the facts are here told. What men most value, they struggle hardest to maintain, and justify their contentions by claiming to uphold the right. They have been willing to inflict martyrdom and to be martyrs for what they believed to be true and right. Thus the truth has been emphasized, set free, and made a part of human history. Allen writes of the thirty-nine first emigrants, a "company of holy pilgrims," who entered this wilderness and subdued the fallow ground; and it is well that we should know something of the character and worth of our ancestors and predecessors, the sturdy, upright lives of the men and women who have made Chelmsford what it is today. There is a proverb to the effect that a people which cares nothing for its past, has no present and deserves no future. It would seem as though everyone should be interested to know the INTRODUCTION ix history of his own town or of any town in which he may sojourn . He should wish to know what manner of people they were who first settled it, and whence they came, they who, "by their sturdy efforts subdued the earth and made it fruitful, felled and planted, delved and spun; who laid the foundations of our political, social and religious institutions; who they were that began under great privations and dangers what we now enjoy in abundance and without molestation." The knowledge of these things will help one better to love and to appreciate the topographical feattues of forests and hills, the brooks and meadows, the long-travelled roads that lead by the old homesteads, while one's imagination clothes them with incident and legend, and peoples them with the spirits of past years. One will more truly realize and enjoy the comforts and conveniences of the present day, as one compares them with the meagre advantages of the olden time. And still, while meditating upon the past, there is a tendency in htmian thought to find satisfaction in an age, if not golden, yet tinged with the enchantment of distance. There is a pleasure in returning to origins, in tracing the causes in the evolutionary process. And it is thus that our history becomes interesting as it takes us back, even to the ancient days in England, when names had a personal significance: When Abbotts were abbots, and Barrons, barons; when Kemps were knights; when the Chamberlains cared for the wardrobe of the lord; and Park, Parker, Parkhurst, the Warrens and the Fosters (Foresters) had charge of the hunting and pleasure grounds; and the Baileys were bailiffs. When the Fletchers fledged or feathered arrows, and the Bowers made the weapons to propel them; when Henchman was the faithful "right-hand man" of his chief, and Stoddard bore the Standard. When the lay Clarke (clerk) made the responses in Church, and the Hayward looked after the hedges and kept the cattle away. When Webb wove cloth, and Fiske (Fysche or Fisher) represented a craft which supplied many with an important portion of their food. When the Wright worked in wood and the softer materials, and the Smith in metals; of which latter name there is a remarkable dearth in our records. When Leach practised physic, and the Proctors kept order, or managed the affairs of others. When Kidder carried his kit; when Marshall and Farrer shod horses; when Perham and X HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD By(h)am lived at the hamlet, and the sturdy Spaulding [epaule- ding] gave shoulder blows; and everybody knew the meaning of his name. If History be Philosophy teaching by examples, mayhap this volume, falling into the hand of some newly naturalized citizen of Chelmsford, may persuade him to a reverence for the pious labors of the Fathers who made the Town and rendered it possible for him to enjoy the pleasures and privileges of the present time, and also move him towards an effort as energetic and effective for future betterment. The labor involved in the preparation of this History has been gladly bestowed con amore; and I trust its results will be accepted by my fellow-townsmen as a tribute to their worth and a token of my appreciation of the kindness I have tmiversally received at their hands. The quarter of a century passed in their midst has left with me memories of many pleasant hours spent in social intercourse, or in united effort for the furtherance of the best interests of the Town. I can say with TuUy : ' ' Haec scrip si non otii ahundantia, sed amor is erga te." (This have I written, not out of an abundance of leisure, but because of my. affection towards you.) It remains to express my appreciation of the courtesy shown me, while working in the State Archives, by Mr. J. J. Tracy and Miss Alice R. Famum, and others there and in the various offices at the State House, as well as in the Court Houses and rooms of the Historical Societies. Also I desire to thank those who have aided me in the final preparation of the History, by the reading of proof and in other ways; especially would I mention Alfred P. Sawyer, Esq., the Hon. Samuel P. Hadley and Mr. J. Adams Bartlett. Miss Bessie Alta Byam has been an efficient help in copying, and reading proof, and also in making the Index. Miss Ella A. Rose has aided by copying notes and documents. The printers have been obliging and considerate, and have done much to facilitate my work. By vote of the Town, the Trustees of the Adams Library were made the publishing committee. This committee put the whole matter into my hands, so that, except in this single particu- lar, all criticism of this volume must fall upon me. October, 1916. r'iHu^^^ CONTENTS. Chapter Page I. The Beginning 1 II. Early Grants — The Indians 72 King Philip's War 84 III. Province Wars 127 King William's War 127 Queen Anne's War 138 Dummer's or Lovewell's War 150 Service in the West Indies 156 King George's War 157 French and Indian War 162 IV. The War of the Revolution 190 The Concord Fight 216 The Battle of Bunker Hill 225 V. Records of Chelmsford Men in the Revolution . 301 VI. Shays' Rebellion. Wars of 1812, 1848, 1898 .... 356 VII. The Civil War, 1861-5 368 Records of Chelmsford Men 378 VIII. The Life of Long Ago 392 Roads, Stages, Social Life, the Doctor, &c. . . . 434 IX. Territorial Limits 468 Bridges, Canals, Steamboats, Railroads .... 494 X Papers by Mr. H. S. Perham 511 The Wamesit Purchase 511 The Early Settlers in that Part of Chelmsford now Lowell 524 The Folks at the Neck 540 The Early Schools of Chelmsford 550 XI. Slaves, Witches, Warning Out, Small Pox .... 570 School for the Deaf, Libraries, Monument Association, &.c. 582 XII. Town Meeting, Taxes, Population, Valuation, Money, &c. . 600 XIII. Topography 629 Meteorological and Seismical Observations .... 639 XIV. Geology and Botany 643 XV. Manufacturing 656 XVI. Religious Organizations 675 XVII. Burying Grounds 716 List of Interments in Forefathers' Burying Ground 721 XVIII. Civil List 754 XIX. Early Ministers, Physicians and Lawyers 769 XX. Annals 810 Notes and Corrections 825 List of Teachers in Chelmsford Schools, 1916 842 Index of Names 846 Index of Topics 888 MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS. The maps have been much reduced in size in order to bring them within the limits of the letter-press. Where there is a graphic scale, the measurements will be found correct. Otherwise, the reader is cautioned that a simple statement like "20 rods to the inch" will be misleading. A good reading glass will greatly assist in examining the maps. Naturally, there has been some difficulty in the selection of subjects for the illustrations, many having to be omitted which are historically interesting. The rule has been to include only those buildings which are of greatest architectural and historical interest within the present limits of the Town. Mr. E. R. Clark assisted in the preparation of the pictures, which were printed in Chelmsford by Mr. G. T. Parkhurst. Frontispiece. Portrait of Henry Spaulding Perham. 1. Reduced copy of a map of 1677. 2. Plan of Chelmsford, in 1653. In the State Archives. (See page 4.) 3. Reduced copy of a Plan by Henry B. Wood. 4. Reduced copy of a Map of Chelmsford in 1794. Official map ordered by the State, and now in the State Archives. 5. Reduced copy of a Plan of the Farms at East Chelmsford in 1821. Original in the office of the Locks and Canals Company, Lowell. The large island, part of which is shown at the top of the plan, is Long island. 6. Reduced copy of a Plan of Chelmsford in 1831. Official map ordered by the State, and now in the State Archives. 7. Plans of Chelmsford Centre and the South and West villages in 1875. In 1884, George H. Wilson built the large block in Central Square, Chelmsford Centre, and kept a hotel there for a number of years. 8. Plan of the North village in 1875. 9. This Map is based on that of the United States Geological Survey of 1886, edition of 1893. It shows almost all of the roads and some of the houses. Many of the Lowell streets are not shown. The figures show the old School Districts. (See page 560.) The exposed ledges, glacial marks and eskers are indicated as shown on a map made by G. H . Knowlton, formerly Superintendent of the Chelmsford schools. 10. Plan of the Chelmsford Centre Water District. North street is now known as Centre street. (See page 598.) 11. Plan of the North Chelmsford Fire District. (See page 597.) 12. The effigy of Mr. Bridge is from his gravestone, and probably shows more accurately his wig, gown and bands than it does his features. Portraits of Hezekiah Packard, Wilkes Allen and John Parkhurst. (See Chapter XIX and page 706.) MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS ■ xiii 13. Gravestones of Colonel Jonas Clarke and his wife. Gravestones of the Rev. Ebenezer Bridge and Madam Bridge. Forefathers' burying ground, Chelmsford Centre. 14. Gravestone of the Rev. Thomas Clarke (see page 71). The Stoddard tomb, and the old schoolhouse, which originally had a porch in front of it. Forefathers' burying ground. 15. The Sam Davis house, Chelmsford Centre. (See pages 299 and 396.) 16. The Crosby house, Chelmsford Centre. (See page 394.) 17. The Fiske house, Chelmsford Centre. (See page 395.) 18. These three views were sketched from memory by Judge S. P. Hadley. (See page 500.) 19. Map of Middlesex Village, by courtesy of the Lowell Historical Society. (See pages 442 and 478fr.) 20. View showing part of Chelmsford Centre from the reservoir on Robin's hill. Lowell in the distance. 21. Plan of Forefathers' burying ground (old part), Chelmsford Centre. (For references to figures, see pages 719 and 842.) 22. Reproduction of part of page 7, Book A, Town Records. 23. Reproduction of part of a page from the Town Records. These represent some of the more legible portions of the ancient records. 24. A glimpse of Heart pond. Baptist Church, South Chelmsford. 25. The Hayward garrison house, South Chelmsford, built in 1690. (See pages 46, 92 and 400.) A partition on the right of the interior view has been left out of the picture in order to show the construction beyond. 26. St. Mary's Church, Chelmsford, England. (See page 833.) View of the river Chelmer, Chelmsford, England, from a photograph taken by Walter Perham, in 1902. 27. Unitarian Church, Chelmsford Centre. All Saints' Episcopal Church, Chelmsford Centre. 28. Congregational Church, North Chelmsford, also the building burned in 1893. 29. Eagle Mills, West Chelmsford. Methodist Church, West Chelmsford. 30. St. John's Roman Catholic Church, North Chelmsford. Interior of St. Alban's Episcopal Mission, North Chelmsford. 31. Reduced copy of a Letter signed by Colonel Parker and Captain NValker (see page 233), from a photograph owned by the late Charles Nichols. 32. Baptist Church, Chelmsford Centre. Congregational Church, Chelmsford Centre. 33. S. E. View of the Adams Library, Chelmsford Centre. Architect, John A. Fox. (See page 585.) 34. Three historic Watches: The Swiss watch at the left has on the back case a beautiful piece of enamel in colors, and is said to have been carried by Colonel Stark of New Hampshire. It belongs to the Dadmun family. The small silver watch next shown is that carried by Joseph Spauld- ing, who fired the first shot at the battle of Bunker Hill. (See pages 226, 331, and 332.) The third watch, of silver (with its steel chain), which, by the Hall mark, is known to have been made in 1750, was found by Jonathan xiv HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Manning, when seven years old, in 1756, on the road from Chelmsford to Billerica. It may have been dropped by some EngHsh officer traveling to or from Boston. This watch is now owned by Arthur M. Warren, to whom it descended. 35. Old view of Robin's hill, showing lone pine tree. (See page 629.) This sketch was made about 1876 by A. G. McAllister, formerly Principal of the High school. It shows the houses of Sewall and Solomon Park- hurst, then the only buildings on High street. Sewall Parkhurst teamed the lime from Robin's hill, which was used in building the first mill in Lowell. The Town Hall, Chelmsford Centre, looking up Centre street; Common on the left. Schoolhouses and Town Hall, North Chelmsford. 36. The old Fletcher house, Chelmsford Centre. (See pages 393, 394.) The Spaulding-Hazen place, Chelmsford Centre. (See page 399.) 37. The Stoddard house. Revolutionary Monument and Classical school, Chelmsford Centre. The Adams house, North Chelmsford. 38. East Chelmsford in 1825, from a painting by Benjamin Mather. From left to right the principal buildings are the Machine Shop, the Merrimack Mills, St. Anne's Church, and Kirk Boott's house at the extreme right. (See pages 485, 489 and 711.) 39. View of part of North Chelmsford from the water tower, 1907; showing part of Moore's Mills. 40. Plan of Chelmsford Centre in 1856, from Walling's County Map. The great elm at the Putnam farm, Chelmsford Centre. (See page 698.) 41. House built by the Rev. Hezekiah Packard, Chelmsford Centre. (See page 396.) South view of the buildings at the Town Farm, Chelmsford Centre. The house is square, the west front being similar to that here shown. In this house, and in the Lovering house nearby (page 397), are sliding shutters similar to those mentioned on page 394. 42. View of the Silesia Mills at North Chelmsford. The low building at the right is the counting room of the Machine and Supply Company. (See page 668.) That on the left is the counting room of the Chelmsford Foundry Company. (See page 666.) The Berry house, South Chelmsford. (See page 398.) 43. The High School building, Chelmsford Centre, erected in 1916 on the site of the Farwell-Adams house, Billerica street; Edwin R. Clark, architect; cost, $65,000. Building Committee: James P. Dunigan, Herbert E. Ellis, Frederick A. Snow. Advisory Committee: C. George Armstrong, Gabriel Audoin, Ulysses Lupien, William H. Shedd, Wilbur E. Lapham. 44. Model of the meeting house burned in 1842. (See page 689.) Some century-old costumes preserved at the Fiske house. The military uniform is that of John Minot Fiske, Colonel of the Chelmsford Militia. 4."). The Bowers, Ford and Parker houses, now in Lowell. The Warren homestead, Chelmsford Centre, built prior to 1697. View inside the chimney, showing the backs of ovens, at Karl M. Perham's house. s 2 o ^ Seal of the Town of Chelmsford The first chapter of this History was -written by Mr. Henry S. Perham; for the remainder of the volume the Rev. Wilson Waters is to he held responsible. The expression, "the writer,'' frequently used, will he referred, accordingly, to the proper person. The attention of the reader is directed to "Notes and Corrections," at the end of the volume. CHAPTER I. THE BEGINNING. IN the settlement of New England the first towns which were planted along the coast had by 1640, when immigration ceased upon the accession of Cromwell in England, begun to extend inland, first to Watertown in 1630, to Concord in 1635, from Charlestown and Cambridge to Wobum in 1642 and from Lynn to Reading in 1644. Up to 1640, when the population of New England had reached 26,000, it was made up almost wholly by emigration from England, but from that time forward the growth of the colonies was almost entirely by the natural increase in population. After a town had been planted and the land taken up, the hardy and adventurous young men who lacked the means to buy land were ready to band themselves with others in like circum- stances and resolutely push on and make new homes in the wilderness. The General Court was ready to grant lands for such purpose to men of good character when their numbers promised to be sufficient for mutual protection and for the maintenance of religious worship. Soon after 1650 a few venturesome families took up their abode in Chelmsford, Groton and Billerica where, in a short time, they were joined by a sufficient number to become organized as towns. But the extension of the colony into new towns received a severe check in King Philip's War, and the ravages by the French and Indians which soon after followed, so that fifty years after its incorporation Chelmsford was still mentioned as a frontier town. The first recorded movement looking to the settlement of Chelmsford was made in 1652 by some citizens of Wobum and Concord who petitioned the Court for the privilege of examining a tract of land on the "other side of Concord River." Wobtu-n and Concord were the towns then nearest this tract. There was at this time no English settlement north of this tract, and none as far north on the west. 2 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD The examination of this land was followed by a petition for a grant of six miles square. The original manuscript of this petition, which is here given in full, was foimd several years ago among the papers left by Lemuel Shattuck, the historian of Concord, to the Mass. Historic Geneological Society. "To the honourd John Endicot Esqr. Gouvnr: with the reste : of the honord Magistrats and deputies at the General! Courte now at Boston Assembled: humbly Sheweth: That whereas we your humble petitioners: who made bould the last Court Assembled to present a petition: to the Vew of this honoured Courte which was eccepted and Granted to Vs : for which we giue the Courte hmbl thankes and beinge jncoraged by this Courte to Vew the Land that Lyeth yet Vndisposed of and Vnimprooued : on the other side Concord Riuer acordingly we haue by a Comity taken care and paynes to doe, with seuerall others: that by the prouidenc of god : are now joyned petitioners : with us : who Vpon our Vewinge the lands as abousaid doe find a tracke of land: which bordereth Vpon the Riuer Merimake: nere to paatooket, which we doe find: a Very Comfortable place to acomidate A company of gods people Vpon: that may with gods blessinge and Asistance Liue Comfortably Vpon : and doe good in or places for church and Comon wealth, which many of Vs your petitioners are throw our nesisitys for wante of acomidationes some neuer haueing any and some others: but Very Litle a Comidation soe yt we canot subsiste excepte we doo take some care to Looke out in away or god for our Comfortable Subsistance, and now we yr humble petitioners doe intreate this honoured Courte for our Comfortable Suply: would please to grante to Vs soe much land: as may be Comfortable for a plantatione: which we conceiue may there be Layed out to the quantity of six myles Square of Vpland and medow: which parcell of land: we doe intreate may be gin at merimacke Riuer at a necke of land nere to Concord riuer: and soe run Vp by Concord: riuer. South and west into the Contrie, to make Vp that sircomferenc or quantity of land as is aboue expresed: and for as much as many of yr petitioners are in greate nesesity haueinge no .setled place to abide in and we all in Generall beinge desirous to proseed as one man together to cary on that worke the lord shall call Vs t6 and this honered Courte shall in ther cristian wisdom Directe Vs in Tharefore we humbly entreate this honord" Courte to Gratifie yr humble petitioners with a speedy and expresed anser so shall you euer bind Vs to Seme you wherein you shall comand Your humble Seruantes, Benjamin Butterfeilde Richard Griffin John Parker James Blood Isac Lemed : John Smedley James Parker Roger Draper George flfarley William ffletcher THE BEGINNING 3 Thomas Chamberlin Thomas Adams Joseph Parker WiUiam Hartvvell John Stemes Robert Proctor Jacob Parker WilHam Butricke Henery Foster Babtis Smedley WilHam Chamberlin Richard Hildreth John Nutinge: Thomas Briggam Edmonde Chamberlin Daniell Bloggett John Baldinge John Hall WilHam Hall The magists Desier theire bretheren the Deputs to Consider of this peticoj;! @ retonrne theire thoughts first about it 19 may (53) . Edward Rawson Sec [Endorsed] Concord peticon entred wth ye magistrts & vvth pmisd ye inajists conceave it may be admitted & reed wth out pajment 1653 It will be seen by the description here given of the tract petitioned for that it included the fishing grounds of the Pawtucket Indians where the City of Lowell now stands and where Rev. John Eliot of Roxbury, the Apostle to the Indians, was laboring to convert them to Christianity. He therefore, at the same time, in their behalf entered a petition for a grant of land for the Indians that they might not be disturbed in their ancient possessions. The Court granted both petitions. Their answer, which follows, is as it is given in the published Records of Massachusetts. "May 18, 1653. "In ans' to the peticon of seuerall of the inhabitants of Concord and Woobourne for the erecting of a new plantacon on Merremacke River, neere to Pawtuckett, the court doth graunt the peticoners of Concord and Woobourne the track of land menconed in theire peticon, excepting some part of it joyning to Merremacke Riuer: Provided, that the sajd peticoners shall sufficjently breake vp full so much land for the Indjans in such place as they shall appointe wth in such plantacon as shall there be appointed them, as they haue of planting ground about a hill caUed Robbins Hill, and that the Indjans shall have vse of theere planting ground, aforesajd, free of all damages, vntill the peticoners shall have broken vp the land for the Indians as aforesajd. 4 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD "21y: For the plantacon peticoned for by Mr. Eljott, the court judgeth it meete to be graunted them, with the exceptions and provissions aforementioned, and for the stating of both, that Capt Willard and Capt Johnson be appointed to lay out the sajd plantacons or touneshipps, the Enghsh at the charge of the peticoners, the Indjans at the charge of the countrje, wthin one month after the end of this sessions, that neither of the plantacons be retarded. "Sly. That if the peticoners of Concord and Woobourne shall not, wthin two yeares, setle a competent noumber of familjes there, by building and planting vppon the sajd tract of land twenty familjes or vpwards, so as they may be in capacitje of injoying all the ordjnances of God there, then the graunt to be vojd." [Records of the Mass. Bay Colony, Vol. IV, pt. I. p. 136.] Of this Committee, who were instructed by the Court to lay out these grants, Capt. Edward Johnson was one of the founders and leading men of Wobum, and the author of a valuable and quaint volume entitled "The Wonderworking Providence of Zion's Savior in New England," now extremely rare. (Reprinted in 1910.) Simon Willard was one of the leading men of Concord and the ancestor of two of the Presidents of Harvard College. The surveyor was Capt. John Sherman of Watertown, the ancestor of those distinguished brothers. General Wm. T. and United States Senator John Sherman of Ohio. So it would appear that the work of laying out the township was intrusted to able hands. The following plan of Chelmsford was engraved from a tracing from the original in the Massachusetts Archives (Ancient Plans, Vol. 112, p. 81). The description of the bounds of the town made by this committee is unfortunately lost. A description and "plott" is referred to by the committee of the General Court which laid out the enlargement in 1656. Allen* gives the following description of the original bounds of the town. "It was bounded on the north by a straight line, beginning at the glass manufactory and running to the house of Benj. Osgood, Esq., of Westford. On the southwest by Tadmuck Swamp, and on the southeast by a straight line, beginning at Pawtuckett Stake, so calld, by the side of Concord river at a point where Billerica, Chelmsford and Pawtuckett, or Wamesit meet, and running southwest 43 deg. to the aforesaid Tadmuck swamp. On the northeast by Paw- tuckett or Wamesit for which see No. 5 Index." •History of Chelmsford, page 10. THE BEGINNING 5 The glass factory, erected in 1802, stood on what is now Baldwin street in Lowell nearly opposite West Pine street, and Benj. Osgood lived in Westford at what is now the residence of E. E. Hay^vood near Chamberlin's corner. A Hne drawn between those two points which Allen gives as the north line of the town would bring it on the south of Drum hill. It is unfortunate that he did not state the evidence upon which he concluded that the north line of the town was only about two miles north of the center of the town. On other points his description is evidently faulty. He gives Tadmuck swamp as the western line, which is near the present line between Chebnsford and Westford. The town did, however, originally extend five miles further west to the Groton line. He was doubtless deceived by the word Tadmuck written along the westernly line on the plan, supposing it to mean Tadmuck swamp. But the word Tadmuck was formerly applied to a wider extent of territory. We find in old land descriptions: Farther Tadmuck, Little Tadmuck, Great Tadmuck, and Hither Tadmuck, and Westford hill was Tadmuck hill. The space on the plan marked India Land was the Indian grant where the City of Lowell now stands, and Joe Sagamore's planting field is indicated by the small dotted space at the north- east. The larger dotted space, perhaps added later, was doubtless intended to indicate the extension which was made in 1656. It seems by this plan that the town did not, as first laid out, extend to the Merrimack river at any point. The loose manner of laying out land in those eariy days, the lines being indicated by marked trees and the bounds by stake and stones, led to endless controversies both between individuals and towns. Boundary controversies arose between Chelmsford, Billerica and Concord and in order to settle them the Selectmen of Chelmsford and Concord joined in a petition to the General Court, Feb. 7, 1693-4. The petition asked that a tract of land lymg between Chelmsford and Concord and claimed by Billerica be given to the two former named towns. Billerica also petitioned the Court in 1698, setting forth their claims to the tract in question and gained in May 1700. (Town Records, copy p. 49; first book p. 36.) Cornet Nathll Hill, and Samll: Fletcher Junr: were appointed by the selectmen to Joyn with Billerica. . 1700 to Gen Court ..... (as to lines bet. Billerica, Bloods, Chebnsford, Concord) This committee consisted of Major Jonathan Tyng, Major James Converse and Capt. Benjamin Garfield, and they reported, 6 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD May 28, 1701. It is only necessary to give so much of their report as relates to the Chelmsford lines. "That is to say, that as well by their own view of the lines, Court Grants, and Deeds produced to them, as on hearing of what was off erred by the agents of the severall Towns, they find the land of Billerika bounded by the hne of Chelmsford northward, beginning at Pautucket stake, so called by Concord River, where Chelmsford & Billerika & the Indians do meet, then Chelmsford line runneth south fourty three degrees west to a pillar of stones ; then it runeth south, seventy nine degrees west, three hundred thirty & two poles; which reacheth unto Major Willard's farme to a great heap of stones lying in Chelmsford line" * * * Chelmsford chose a committee. Captain Bowers and Thomas Parker, Dec. 10, 1697, "to act on the towns behalfe in all things nesery as to the finding out the first grant of the town and to do what soauer is nedfull to secuer the town as it is bounded." They obtained the deposition of one of the committee who had acted on behalf of the petitioners for the original grant when it was laid out 45 years before. "Groton, noumber: 24: 1698 capten Jeams parker being of full age testyfy and say that the honered Jenarall courte grated a sarten track of land for a plantation nowe caled chelmsford and impowered majear symon wilard and capten edward Johnson as a committe, which committe came with full power to lay out sd plantation and did se sd plantation layd out to ther content capten John Shearmon being the artes, did lay out sd planta- tion begining at a riuer comonly caled conkard riuer bounded with a stake upon the land caled wamaset land and so runing on a lyne by marked tres to a heape of stones and to nashoba plantation runing upon nashoba line to a great pine-tre and so runing on a strayt line ouer a pond caled stonny brook pond to a pine-tre marked with C and G and so ouer sd brook to a heape of stones and so runing on the south syd of a great hill on the north syd of sd brook and ouer sd brook to a great pine-tre and so to sd stake by conkard riuer thus sd committe and sd arttes layd out sd plantation and rescued full sattesfacttion for ther sarues therein: and did ingage to make a tru return to the honared court of ther laying out sd plantation: and furder sd parker douthe testyfy and say that himself Thomis adams Wilyam flecher and Isack larnit ware the committe chosen by the petetinors of sd land to se sd plantation layd out: this taken upon outh befoer me this 24 of noumber: 1698 "Thomis Hinchman, Justes. "This aboue is a true coppey of the origanall recorded by me, solloman Keyes, toune clerk the 5 day of desember 1698" THE BEGINNING 7 This testimony of James Parker is the only description which we have of the original bounds of the town from anyone who had any part in laying it out, and this description cannot be regarded as particularly lucid. Taking it, however, in connection with the report of the committee of the General Court in May, 1701, as near as the lines can be determined at this late day, they began at Wamesit stake at the Concord river, where Chelmsford, Billerica and Wamesit met. From that point southerly about four miles on Billerica line and continuing a little westerly into what is Carlisle to the Blood Farm which lay between Concord and Chelmsford ; and westerly to Nashoba, which was the grant to the Nashoba Indians and embraced practically what is now the town of Littleton, "and runing upon Nashoba line to a great pine-tre and so runing on a strayt line ouer a pond caled stonny brook pond to a pine-tre marked C and G." The letters, of course, stood for Chelmsford and Groton; and Stony Brook pond is now called Forge pond. It will be seen, therefore, that the line would be something like the present line between Littleton and Westford to Groton. Following the description from there "over sd brook to a heap of stones" which would be the northwest corner bound, "and so running on the south side of a great hill" probably Snake Meadow hill, "on the north side of said brook," "and over said brook to a great pine tree," which would be the northeast corner bound, located by AUen, as previously stated at the Glass Works, which stood on what is now Baldwin street, nearly opposite Pine street in Lowell. SETTLEMENT. A few families came in and settled upon this tract before the grant was made in 1653. They were here, doubtless, in 1652, as the first birth is recorded early in 1653, \az. : "Joseph Parker, the son of Joseph @ Marget his wife [ ] 30 daye of March: 1653." Allen states it as a tradition that Joseph Parker was the first person bom in town, which seems to be verified by the records. There was one other birth apparently earlier, that of a girl, "Sarah Parker the dafter of Jacob Parker @ Sarah his wife [was bom] Janeware: 14: 1653," but the reforni in the calendar, by Pope Gregory, had not then been adopted in New England. By the old style then in vogue the year began March 25th, therefore January, 1653, old style, would be January, 1654, new style. 8 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD The usual form of writing such a date occurring between January 1st and March 25th would be 1653-4. In the margin at the top of the first page of births stand the figures 1645, and of the first entry the date is missing. The record only informs us that "Isake Lamed the sun of Isake Larned was born [ ]."* It does not necessarily follow, however, that this was an earlier birth than those given, the earliest entries of births not being recorded in the order of dates, but, probably, as they were reported by the families after a town clerk was chosen. One other birth was recorded the same year, "Sarah Lamed the dafter of Isake Lamed @ Mare his wife was borne octo: 28: 53:" The first marriage recorded was that of Danl. Blodget. "Daniell Bloged & Marie his wife ware Maried by Mr. Browne [Water]towne September 15: 1653:" The wife was Mary Butter- field who was bom in England and the daughter of Benjamin Butterfield. There used to be a tradition that the wife of Abraham Parker was the first woman to "Bake and Brew" in Chelmsford. The authority for this tradition is a letter written by Jonathan Perham, Town Clerk, August 8, 1821, to Hon. Abel Parker which says: "Bridget who now is the wd. Pierce, * * * states that her great grandmother is said to be the first woman that Brewed and Baked in Chelmsford, which I suppose to be the wife of Abraham Parker. Mrs. Pierce states that Moses Parker son of Abraham was grand- father to her" . Jonathan Perham was a prominent citizen of the town, was Town Clerk, Selectman, Moderator and Representative. He was descended from the first settlers of the town. He was bom and lived in the house now occupied by the writer [H. S. P.] on Westford road. Of the twenty-nine petitioners for the grant of the town, fifteen, over one-half, never took up their abode here, none of their names appearing subsequently in connection with the town. They were John Hosmer, Henry Foster, Richard Griffin, John Smedley, Roger Draper, Wm. Hartwell, Wm. Buttrick, Baptis Smedley, Thomas Briggam, John Hall, Wm. Hall and Wm. Chamberlin. Several of the others who came here did not remain to become permanent residents of the town. James Parker went to Groton soon after 1661, where he became the important man of that town. Joseph Parker, brother of James, went to Groton about the same time, and afterwards to Dunstable. Jacob Parker, ♦"Chelmsford Vital Records" gives the date Sept. IG. 1655; Oct. 5 in the Court Record. [W.l •* ^ THE BEGINNING 9 another of the five Parker brothers, was the first town clerk, but went to Maiden after 1667. John Nutting was granted a house lot and lands and was here in 1659, but went to Groton in 1661, where he was killed by Indians in their assault upon that town in 1676. James Blood also went to Groton after a little time. The nine remaining petitioners all made homes here and remained during life. They were Benj. Butterfield, Isaac Learned, Thomas Chamberlain, Edmund Chamberlain, William Fletcher, Thomas Adams, Robert Proctor, Richard Hildreth and Daniel Blodgett. Others whose names are not among the petitioners were here from the first: Abraham Parker, another of the brothers, already mentioned as, perhaps, the first settler. Robt. Fletcher and Simon Thompson were also here and, perhaps, others. GATHERING OF CHURCH. As soon as these few families had become established in their new home, the first public matter to engage their attention was to provide for the religious needs of the community. They must have a church and minister. Early in the fall of 1654 they sent a committee to Wenham, where a small church had been gathered ten years before, and invited their minister, Rev. John Fiske, and his church with him to come and unite their fortunes with Chelmsford. Mr. Fiske, and some of his people came over and viewed the place and were satisfied with the proposals made to them by the people of Chelms- ford. Early the following spring there came a hitch in the pro- ceedings and negotiations seemed likel}'- to terminate but they soon came to a better understanding and it was decided between them that the important question should be submitted to a council to consist of the Governor, John Endicott, Rev. Richard Mather of Dorchester, Rev. Thomas Cobbet of Lynn, Rev. John Sherman of Watertown, Rev. John AUin, the minister of the church of Dedham (the friend of Mr. Fiske. they having been fellow passengers on the ship from England in 1637) and Capt. Edward Johnson of Wobum, who had assisted in laying out the first grant of the town. The weighty question before this able council apparently was whether Mr. Fiske and his people should remain in Wenham 10 HISTOR Y OF CHELMSFORD or remove to Chelmsford and unite with the people there to form a stronger church. The case was decided for Chelmsford, and upon the 13th of November, 1655, we find Mr. Fiske and his people at Chelmsford where that day was organized the church of Chelms- ford. This organization is still continued. It is now Unitarian and known as the First Congregational Society. These negotiations just mentioned and the organization of the church are of sufficient interest to warrant giving them in full as recorded by Mr. Fiske, himself. fiske's account. Vpon 4 of 7th, 1654 was dated a Lr. vnder the hands of Robt. Fletcher, Tho: Adams, Wm. Fletcher, Wm. Buttereck in the na of the rest, engaged in the N. plantation at Chelmsford, whrin the pastor with the rest of this church at Wenham were Invited This Lr. being eftsoones conveyed to vs by the hands of Isa: Lemet & Tho: Adams, was coicated to the church, & a Liberty by the Major pte graunted so far to attend the pvidence : as to pmit the pastor to Goe ouer & see the place accordingly a day was set of meeting at Chelmsford, & thrupon the messengers returned Vpon the sd. day set divrs of the Brethren accompanyed the pastor ouer vnto Chelms. where the comittee & divers others were prsnt a view was taken of the place. The Brethren prsent satisfyed themselves aboute there accommodations. & pposalls were then made to the pastor for his accommodation & yeerly mayntenance, as to be tendred vnto him by consent of the whole numb of Inhabitants & in their na by the Committee These pposals were pmised, with their furthr request to be taken into consideratio, & in so short seaso after the Returne an Answer & resolution to be sent by Br. Spalding, as at his coming ouer. After this Returne of the pastor & Brethren upon the 10th of 8 mo. 54 the resolution & engagmt of divrs of the Brethren was in the face of the whole church, at a church meeting concluded upo whras 5. absolutely engaged. 2 conditionally & in word only, refusing at prsent to subscribe their hands, yet after sent their Engagemts psonally by Bro: Spalding, so as the greater number of the Church now stood engagd, in case the pastor engaged also Vpon 6t. of 9mo. the pastor Sent his Engagmts. by Bro. Spalding & his Resolutio. as Respecting the engagt of so many Brethren as sd. Thus the matter Lay dormant as 'twere all winter till the 1st mo. 55. THE BEGINNING 11 at what time Bro: Read coming ouer enformed us in such wise here at Wenha. as thrvpon both the P. & the sd engaged Brethren demurred upo the pceedings & some tht had sold heere at Wenha, redeemed their accomodations agayne into their possession & a Lr. was sutably sent by Br. Read to acquainte the Cheknesf. Comittee how things stood, & advised to stead them- selves elswhere. Betwene this time & the 6t. of 4t. mo 55. things hung vncer- tayne & vncleered, notwithstanding some Lrs. passed & some agitatio at Wenha betwene Isa: Lernet agent fr Chelmsfd & Wenha Brethren. But as upo 6t of 4th aforesd was dated a Lr. & sent by the hands of Isa: Lernet Sim: Thompso & Tho: Adams, with full power to them to treate & finally to determine ths busines depending betwene both pties. Vpon there coming ouer to Wenham. The Matter was determined betwene them & the sd pastor touching the Building of the house Terms of Accommodation & of yeerly mayntenance., as under there hands affixed to the Lrs was sent before dated in first month tenth day. likewise it was concluded betwene them & the Brethren at Wenham to refer the matter to Counsell; & the pties agreed upon were. Mr Endicot Govrnor Mr Mather, Mr Allen of Dedham Mr Corbett. Mr Sherman Capt Johnson of Woobuerne who determined the case for Chelmsford. This case thus determined: on either side prpation was made for the Removal of the Church. Accordingly about the 13th of 9 mo. 55, there were met at Chelmsfd. the pasto with the engaged Brethren of Wenham church viz. Ezdras Read, Edw. Kemp. Austin Killam. Sa: Fostor. Geo: Byam & Rich. Goldsmith, seuen in all To whom such of the Brethren of Wooburne & Concord ch : who had before ppounded themselues to joyne with the ch: late at Wenham, Now in Removeing to Chelmsford. & prsented themselues, with there Lrs. of Dismission: upon satisfaction & Testimony Giuen were by an vnanimous vote Received into fellowship They being the greater numb, in way of mutual complyance, a Relatio passd on either side, as each one voluntarily would: Membs sigd Viz. Isaack Lernett (he dyed 8. of 10.57. 1 Simon Thompson (he dyed about 3 qrs of a y. after at Ooburne 2 Wm. Vnderwood 3 Abram Parker 4 Benja: Butterfeild 5 Tho: Chamberlin 6 Next received Dan Blogged who brought lrs. of dismission from the Ch : at Cambridge 7 12 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD So after this the scales of the supp administred & there were admitted by vote these Members of other churches, to coion with us in these scales. Mr Griffin Wm. fictcher & his wife Tho : Adams, & his wife Br. Vndrwoods wife (Edw. Spalding) Bro : Butterfeilds wife Bro : Chambcrlins wife Edm : Chambcrlins wife Abram Parkers wife Jos. Parkers wife Isa : Lemcts wife Sim : Thompsons wife since Rec'ed into fellowship was Jacob Parker 8 It [em]. Tho: Adams. & Edw. Spalding, on 27 of 2d 56 ^ FIRST TOWN MEETING. The following is the record of the first Town Meeting: The: 22d: the: 9th: month: 1654 At a Meeting then at William Fletchers Hous there was Chosen to officiate in Ordering the Public affairs of the Place by the Consent of the Major part of the Town for this present year ensuing are as followeth. Esdras Read: Edward Spaulding: William Fletcher: Isaac Lerned: Simon Thompson: William Underwood: Thomas Adams. We give to Mr Fisk Thirty acres of Meadow and Thirty Acres of Plowable Land for the acomidation of him for his most Conveniancy: And we do Agree and Order that he shall have a Hous built for him Thirty eight foot in Length & Twenty foot in breadth with three fire Rooms the Chimneys built with Brick or stone: And we promise to pay to Mr. Fisk Fifty Pounds for the first year: And we promise to pay his Maintinence as the Lord shall enable us for the future. The house where this meeting was held is said to have been the first frame house in town. It stood a few rods northeast of what is now known as the Crosby house. The land upon which it stood continued to be occupied by the descendants of William Fletcher vmtil about the year 1900. Some part of the original holdings still remain in the possession of the family. The road, one of the oldest in town, originally ran from the meeting house by Westford road, Worthen street, and Crosby place, and continued to Golden Cove road near the house of Jas. F. Steams. The part beyond the Crosby place has been long discontinued. THE BEGINNING 13 SECOND TOWN MEETING. The second Town Meeting fixed the date of the annual meeting and the officers to be chosen and also fixed a penalty for such as might be inclined to neglect their poHtical duties. At a Publick meeting of the Town month fist Day 24th 1655. William Fletcher is Chosen Constable: Isaac Lerned is Chosen Sergeant of the band: Simon Tomson is Chosen Clerk of the Band : It is ordered that the first second Day of the first month Shall be observed by all the householders of the town from year to year for the Chusing of all annual officers belonging to the Town as the select-men or Committee: Deputy for the Court: Constable: The three men to end all small causes under Forty shillings Surveyors for the high-way overseers of the fences and swine and to meet at the meeting-hous by nine a Clock in the morning and for the first hours nonappearance twelve pence and for a Whole Days Absence two shillngs. INCORPORATION. The little settlement now felt themselves sufficiently well established to be incorporated and at the May session of the General Court of 1655 and in the week ending May 29th, the following act of incorporation was passed. Vppon informacon from Major Willard, by a letter from Esdras Read, Edward Spalden, Wm. Fletcher, etc., inhabitants of a new plantacon, that the noumber of inhabitants, according to the time pfixt in the Courts graunt, were there settled at theire request, the Court doth graunt the name thereof to be called Chelmsford. The two adjoining towns, Groton and Billerica, were in- corporated at the same time. The town of Chelmsford was now organized with its church and town government, and it must now depend for its success and progress upon the industry, wisdom and fortitude of its inhabitants. The twenty or more families that now constituted the town were made up of the very best material with which to build a stable and well-ordered community. The heads of the families were for the greater part bom in England and left their homes there previous to 1640, because of religious per- secution, to take up their abode in the wilderness of America. As is always the case with people, who are willing to suffer hardship and privation for conscience's sake, they were men of strong char- acter and deep religious convictions. They were liberal in their support of their church as will be seen as this story progresses. 14 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD It would seem that the entire energies of these few pioneers in the wilderness must have been required to obtain simply food and shelter for themselves and families, and it is difficult to under- stand how they were able in so short a time to build their meeting- house, and such a commodious parsonage for their minister and incur other heavy expenses. NAMED FOR CHELMSFORD, ENGLAND. The town was named for Chelmsford, England, a substantial and interesting old town, twenty-nine miles from London, in the County of Essex, and containing a population of 13,000. It was named from the river Chelmer which flows through it. President John Adams, while visiting Chelmsford, England, in 1786 wrote in his diary: Chelmsford was probably named in compliment to Mr. Hooker, who was once minister of that town in Essex, but after- wards in Holland, and after that at "Newtown" (Cambridge) and after that at Hartford, in New England.* The Mr. Hooker referred to was Rev. Thomas Hooker, the founder of Connecticut and the author of "the first written con- stitution known to history that created a government, and it marked the beginning of American democracy, of which Thomas Hooker deserves more than any other man to be called the father. "f While it wotdd be pleasant to feel that the fathers of Chelmsford were prompted in giving it a name, by their admiration for this enlightened statesman and preacher, it is to be remembered that Hooker left Cambridge for Connecticut nearly twenty years before Chelmsford was settled, and there is no evidence that he ever had any connection with the town. It was undoubtedly named, in accordance with the custom of the time, for the town in England which had been the former home of some of the prominent settlers. An examination of a transcript of St. Mary's parish register, Chelmsford, England, in the possession of Mayor P. Chancellor, made by Walter Perham in 1902, shows that there were in the old mother town, between 1538 and the time of the settlement of this town, families or individuals bearing the names Adams, Butterfield, Spaldyng, Chamber! yne, Fletcher, Parker, Warren and Purkis, perhaps our Parkhurst — names that have been prominent in the affairs of the Town, and its offshoots, from its earliest days to the present. ♦Life and Works of John Adams, Vol. 3, p. 404. t.fohn Fiske. THE BEGINNING 15 Chelmsford is the only town of that name in the United States. There is, however, a Chelmsford in Ontario, Canada, and another in Northumberland County, New Brunswick. The Wenham company was a great accession to the little settlement, particularly their minister, Rev. John Fiske. The influence of the clergy was so great, in those times, that the welfare of the community depended very much upon the good sense, energy, and character of their spiritual advisors. This town was especially fortunate in that respect. The first four pastorates, those of Fiske, Clarke, Stoddard and Bridge, embraced a period of 137 years. No stronger evidence could be given of the good sense of these men and their strong hold upon the affections of their people than to say that during all this period, when religious controversies were so common, many churches being split in twain over what seem to us trivial doctrinal questions, no church council was ever called to settle any differences, in this town, between pastor and people. Differences, to be sure, they had, but they were all settled amicably between themselves, and each of the four first ministers remained and served the church and community until death severed the connection. The Rev. John Fiske came to this country from England in 1637 bringing a letter of introduction from Robt. Ryece to Gov. John Winthrop, which read as follows: To the woorshipfull his moste respected good ffrinde Mr John Wrinthrope esqr. at his house at Boston in New England give these. Sir, — This bearer, Mr. Fyske, being one every waye so pious & religeous, needes not my comendations of hym, but the malignitie of the tymes, removinge hym with sondry others of his profession into your partes, hathe required this shorte wry tinge of mee, in his behalfe, that what employment you can procure hym I may be thankefull vnto you for it. Hee is a graduate, & havinge preached mooche, seinge the danger of the tymes, he changed his profession of divinitie into phisicke. wherein he hath now laste warde employed hym selfe. He is a good schollar & an honeste man. I pray pardon my abrupte & sooddeyne writinge. I can stay no longer, but after the true remembrance of my best respecte vnto you. I take my leave this 19 of Apryll. 1637, and do remayne Yours euery wayes mooche bownde Robte. Ryece.* This letter was endorsed on the back by Gov. Winthrop: "Mr. Ryece per Mr. Fiske." ♦Coll. Mass. Historical Society. First Series, Vol. VI. 16 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Mr. Fiske was not only beloved by the people among whom he labored but he was held in high esteem by his contemporaries as appears from a biographical account of him by Cotton Mather from which the following is taken. [Magnalia, Vol. 1, p. 430.] "Among the first preachers and writers, which rendered the primitive times of New England happy, there was one who might likewise be called a beloved physician; one of whom there might also be given the eulogy, which the ancients think was given to Luke, a brother whose praise was in the gospel throughout all churches. This was Mr. John Fisk. Mr. John Fisk was born in the parish of St. James * * * in the county of Suffolk, about the year 1601, of pious and worthy parents, yea, of grand-parents, and great grand -parents, eminent for zeal in the true religion. There were six brothers in the infamous reign of Queen Mary, whereof three were Papists, and three were Protestants, I may say, Puritans; and of the latter (whereof none were owned by the former) two were sorely perse- cuted. For one of these brethren, the pursevant, having a kind- ness, gave him a private and previous notice of his coming with an order to seize him: whereupon the good man, first called his family to prayer, hastned away to hide himself in a ditch, with his godly wife, which had a sucking child at her breast. The pursevant being near at hand, a thorn in the hedge gave such a mark to the child's face, as never went out; whereat the child beginning to roar, the mother presently clapt it to the breast, whereby it was quieted at once, and there was no discovery then, or after, made of these confessors. Another of these brethren, from whom our Fisk was descended, was then (to avoid burning) hid many months in a wood-pile; and afterwards, for half a year in a cellar, where he diligently employed himself in profitable manufactures, by candle light, after such a manner as to remain likewise undiscovered; but his many hardships brought that excessive bleeding upon him, that shortened his days, and added unto the cry of the souls under the altar. Our John was the eldest of four children, all of whom after- wards came to New-England with him, and left a posterity, with whom God established his holy covenant. His parents having devoted him unto the service of the Lord Jesus Christ, they sent him first unto a grammar school, two miles from the place of their abode, whither his diligent soul was instead of wings, every day to carry him. His education at the school, having fitted him for the university, he went unto Cambridge, where he was admitted, into (as I think) Immanuel College, in which he resided, until he became a graduate. Some time after this, being both by art and by heart, well prepared for it, he applied himself unto the work to which he had been devoted; namely, the preaching of THE BEGINNING 17 the gospel; but the silencers grew so hard upon him for his non- conformity, that upon the advice of his friends, he set himself to study physick, and upon a thorough examination, he obtained a licence for public practice. When he was about eight and twenty years of age, he married a vertuous young gentlewoman [Anne Gipps]; several hundreds of pounds of whose patrimony were denied her upon the displeasure of her father, at her coming to New-England. But upon the death of his father, who had committed unto him the care of his mother and two sisters, and his youngest brother, he thought it his duty to remove into New England, where he saw an opportunity of returning unto the quiet exercise of his ministry. He, and that excellent man Mr. John Allin, came aboard in disguise, to avoid the fury of their persecutors; but after they were past the Lands-End, they entertained the passengers with two sermons every day, besides other agreeable devotions, which filled the voyage with so much of religion, that one of the passengers being examined about his going to divert himself with a hook and line, on the Lords-day, he protested, that he did not know when the Lord's day was; he thought every day was a sabbath day; for, he said, they did nothing but pray and preach all the week long. Mr. Fisk arrived at New England in the year 1637. * * * His aged mother died quickly after he came aboard, and his only infant quickly after he came ashore. * * * He came well stocked with servants, and all sorts of tools for husbandr}^ and carpentry, and with provisions to support his family in a wilderness for tliree years together; out of which, he charitably lent a considerable quantity to the country, which he then found in the distresses of a war with the Pequot- Indians. He now sojourned about three years at Salem where he was both a preacher to the church and a tutor unto divers young scholars (whereof the well-known Sir George Downing was one) as he was aftenvards unto his own children, when the want of grammar-schools at hand made it necessary. From thence he removed unto a place adjoining thereunto, which is now called Wenham; where on Oct. 8, 1644, a church was gathered, of which he continued the pastor, in that place, for more than twice seven years; contented with a very mean salary, and consuming his own fair estate for the welfare of the new plantation. About the year 1656, he removed with the major part of his church to another new town, called Chelmsford; and there he spent the remainder of his days. Twenty years did he shine in the golden candlestick of Chelmsford: a plain but an able painful, and useful preacher of the gospel; rarely if ever, by sickness hindered from the exercise of his ministry. * * * Thus our Mr. Fisk, now superseded his care and skill of dispensing medicines for the body, by doing it for the soul. 18 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD But although he did in his ministry, go through an exposition of almost all the scriptures in both Testaments, and unto his Lord's day sermons, added a monthly lecture on the week day, besides his discoiu'ses at the private meetings of the faithful, and his exact and faithful cares to keep up church discipline yet none of his labours were more considerable than his catechetical. * * * Our Fisk therefore did by most laborious catechising, endeavor to know the state of his flock, and make it good: and hence, although he did himself compose and publish a most useful catechism which he entitled, The Olive Plant Watered; yet he chose the assembly's catechism for his public expositions where- with he twice went over it, in discourses before his afternoon sermons on the sabbath." INIr. Fiske had six children. The first was bom in England and, as Mather mentioned, died soon after reaching this country. The births of the others, as recorded by himself in his note book or church record, were as follows : The Children of John & Anna Fiske Born in N. E. 1638 John. borne the 29th. of 6t 1 bapt. the 2d. of 7. J Salem Mr Petrs [Peters] _ Escaped a grte danger at wenha, in passing with the streame vndr the mill wheele, when the mill was a goeing. An. 1647. 6t. of 3d, at what time he receid. (as twere) a new life, not a bone broke &c. 1640 Sarah, borne 24. of 5t. \ bapt. 26t. of 5. J Salem. Mr pet 1642. Moses, borne 12 of 2d. at Wenha bapt. 0- of 4t. at Salem* by mr Norice 1644 Anna, borne 15t. of 11th 1645 baptised 2. of 1st. (the 1st. child bapt at | Wenham 1646. Eli-ezer. borne 8t. of 12th. \ bapt. 15. of 12. / Wenham. he Deceased 16. of 10. 49.) 1671. the sd. Anne Fiske wife to the sd. Jno. ffiske haueing liued with him about 37. yeers. deceased 14. of 12th. mo. at Chelmsford. 1672. Elizabeth Hinksman [widow of Edmund] marryed to the sd. Jno. fhske 1. of 6. mo. at Chelmsford. * * * Mr. Fiske kept a record from the year 1637 to 1675, about eighteen months before his death. It relates alm.ost wholly to church matters. Mr. Allen, in writing his history of Chelmsford, evidently did not have access to this valuable record, as he does not mention it or make use of the infomiation it contained. It evidently strayed away from Chelmsford early, perhaps through Mr. Fiske's youngest son. Rev. Moses Fiske of Braintree, who ♦The date of this baptism is not clear. The record was made, probably, at a later time, aad perhaps Mr. Fiske had forgotten the exact date. [Note by S. A. Green.] THE BEGINNING 19 was executor of his father's will, and inherited the property after the death of his elder brother, John, without issue. Moses Fiske had a son, Samuel, living in Salem, and it was there that the late David Pulsifer of Boston unearthed this old record book. He made a copy for the late Rev. Dr. Dexter of the Congre- gationalist, which is in the Yale University Library. After the sale of Mr. Pulsifer's effects this record book came into the posses- sion of Dr. Samuel A. Green of the Massachusetts Historical Society. Dr. Green has copied such part of this record as is deemed to be of historical interest, and published it in 1898, under the title, "Extracts from the note book of The Rev. John Fiske, 1637-1675, with an Introduction by Samuel A. Green." The quotations, with one or two exceptions that I have used are from the published extracts. There are but few who would be able to read the original: as Dr. Green says in his Introduction, "The handwriting is very hard to read, and contains many abbre- viations and nondescript characters which it is impossible to represent in type." The town made generous gifts of land to Mr. Fiske and his son, John, who reached his majority soon after coming to Chelms- ford, granting much more than that promised in 1654. The town also set apart a tract of land called the ministry land, for the benefit of the church and minister. This was the land now known as the Bussell place upon which Rev. Hezekiah Packard built, during his ministry, the fine old colonial house now standing. The following is the record of this grant as it appears in the second book of records, page 25 and page 34 of the copy made in 1892. The 31 of May 1679 by the Townes Gifte and order was laid out to the Ministry and for that only vse for euer in Chelmsford to say thirtey Acers of vpland and swampe bee it more or les and is bownded East by the high way to the training Feild south vp on a great Rock North by the land of mr Conelias Walldow With a straite line to a stake with a heape of stones aboute it which is a westerly Corner of John bates his land and so of a Straite line to a pine neare stoney brooke path — North west bownded vpon the towne Common vpland to a black oake and From thence [ ] straite line to a Red oake Neare the land that was giuen by the towne to mr Fiske and his sonne John Fiske and From thence to a great Rock southerly all waies prouided ther bee a sofitient Carte way left beetwine the land of the Aboue sayd Fiske and the fore mentioned land; which way is to bee 20 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Foure polles in bredth in wittnes heare vnto wee the Commity Aponted to Actte hear in haue seett to our hands the day and yeare aboue sayd William vnderwood John Fiske Commity This aboue is a trew Record and Approued by the selectt men as wittnes my hand Samell Adams 23 June 1679 Gierke The cart way mentioned in this description was what was known as "The Lane" until, by vote of the town it was named Bridge street in memory of Rev. Ebenezer Bridge, pastor of the church (1741-1792). In the description of Mr. Fiske's land, opposite the ministry, the "Pound" is mentioned. This was a small enclosure sur- rounded by a high stone wall. The Vv^all was removed and the land taken into the highway some ten years ago* when Bridge street was widened and improved. Mr. Fiske's land extended down to the cemetery. Formerly there were several families of colored people living on the lane. Peter Fields and his little one story cottage, where Mr. Daniel Haley's house stands, are still remembered by the older people. MEETING HOUSE. The town records contain no vote relative to the building of the first Meeting House, so that no description of the building has come down to us or any statement of the time when it was built. Mr Allenf says "The third public meeting was dated month 11, day 16. 1655 and, agreeable to a former vote, holden at the meeting house." "How and by whom the first meeting house was built" he says "are facts yet to be ascertained. There appears to be a tradition J that Samuel and Thomas Adams were at the principal expense of erecting this house. But the town records contain no infonnation relative to it. It stood at the south west corner of ♦About 1895. It .atood just west of the N. W. Corner of the Cemetery. ■fAllen's Hist., p. 12. JThia is intimated in a letter from the Jate President Adams of Quincy to Wm. Adams, Esq., requesting to know who built the first meeting house and mills. THE BEGINNING 21 the present house. It was built in the year preceding the erection of Mr. Adams' saw-mill 1656 and in all probability was made of logs, hewed and locked together." I do not agree with Allen's conclusions upon cither of the three points just mentioned. The vote of March 1, 1655, that futm^e town meetings should be held at the meeting house plainly indicates an intention to have a meeting house, but there is reason to believe that their hopes were not realized that year. In the record of the third town meeting, to which Allen refers, the place of meeting is not mentioned. The best evidence obtainable would indicate that the meeting house was not built for several years, probably in 1659 or 60. The first mention of the meeting house in Mr. Fiske's record is, inci- dentally, in specifying the duties of church officers when Thos. Henchman and Henry Farwell were chosen deacons, at a church meeting "16 of 9 [16]60. * * * So Br. Hinksman was to keep the box, booke & acconts of constitution. Br Kemp to p vide the bread & the wine, & Bro. Farwl. to take the charge of the linen & pewter &c. this day Br. Abr. parkr was chosen in Br. Nuttings place, to take care of the clensing the meeting house that it be kept in a desent posture & of the hower [hoiu:] glasse, Cushion &c. For a yeere. [In margin] He refusing attend Br. Bia [Geo. Byam] was chosen & acceptd" This would indicate that they now had a meeting house and proposed to have it decently cared for. The only light which the town records shed upon this question is in the action taken to provide for the payment for the building. From the large sums, over £264, froin 1659 to 1663, raised for that purpose, not including the sum of £46-8 raised to pay Saml. Adams in 1659 — the tradition that one or two individuals were at the main expense of erecting the building would seem to be exploded. And, as there was a saw mill in town in aid of which a large tract of land had been granted, the people would not be likely to construct their meeting house of logs. The building was sufficiently substantial and commodious to answer the needs of the town for fifty years. The town record showing the amounts that the town was assessing upon the inhabitants for various purposes during the years in which the meeting house was being paid for is sufficiently instructive to be given in full. 22 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD yeare :1 :6 [16]59 It[em] A List of the disbursements Leuied by rate in this Toune of Chelmsford from the first of the first month 'P and the names of the persons to home they ware Comited : A rate for the paiment for A drum to Henry Farwell the Country rate for yt yeare was wth an addition of halfe A rate to pay mr Samuell Addams . to A County rate 3-5-0 14-6-00^ 46-8-0 2-7-4 ye yeare :60: to Joseph Parker Constable' A rate for the Toune house to meet in . A Country rate Colledg & Law books A rate for a toune stock of amunition . A County rate and for A presentment Roberd Proctor Constable m ye yeare :61 : A Countery rate wth an addition & to ye Colledg A Toune rate for glass and other dues from ye toune 15-1-8 66-4-4^ 22-2-6 14-1-0 13-6-0 2-8-6 51-18-00 17-17-8 James Hilldereth Constable 32-19-4 8:62: A Countery rate wth an addition and Colledg . 19-19-3 A rate for the meeting house for ye Toune 100-8-00 8 63: Thomas Chamberline Constable A rate for the meeting house . to the Countery & Colledg A Toune rate for ye meeting house Carting & other dues 27-1-11 120-7-3 100-00-00 19-9-051 John Burge Constable" 146-1 l-4i After the removal of Rev. Mr. Fiske and his brethren from Wenham to Chelmsford those members remaining in Wenham retained their connection with the church, now the church of Chelmsford, and still looked to Mr. Fiske for spiritual guidance. This appears from a letter written by Mr. Fiske to the Wenham ♦Second Book, Town Records, original, p. 190, Copy of 1882, p. 118. THE BEGINNING 23 brethren, as copied from the Fiske record by the late David Pulsifer of Boston. Only so much of the letter is here given as shows the relation of the Wenham members to this church and the objects of the letter. FROM FISKE RECORD. "The Copy of ye Churchs Answer to ye Lrs. from or brethren of Wenham Dated 31 of 1. 59. To our beloved Brethren of ye Church at Chelmsford resident in Wenham. r^-, ■ ±. Grace mercy & Peace be multiply ed by Jesus Christ. Brethren Beloved in our Lord We receiued of late Letters from you by our Bro: Byam whereby you expresse yor desire of our present approbation counsell & prayers in Order to ye Erecting of a Church, amongst & of your selues, & to ye Calling an Officer to administer vnto YOU ye things of Christ: manifesting yor hopes of Enjoying Mr Ne™an in that worke & function: & afterward (when you shalbe fully resolved of this) that accordingly we would condescend to veeld you Letters of dismission to ye worke of God ****** _/^nd though we cannot but greately approue of yor prudence in not determining that matter, or desiring Letters of dismission from vs to that worke, before you haue recejved a full Answer from Mr Newman m ye case wch if we vnderstand be once giuen, according to your desire expressed, so as he shall both joyne wth you in gathering a Church, & vndertake office amongst you * * * you shall not need question a readiness & surenes on our parts to graunt you Letters of dismission, yea & our hearts & prayers shall goe along wth them for his gracious presence & blessing to be voutchsaffed m Jesus Christ. So desiring ye God of all Grace to make you perfect, stablish strengthen settle you in his owne holy Tmthes & waies, we take our leave at present, & rest. Chebnsford Yor Louemg Br. 24 of 2d ^^ ys bonds of ye Gospel ^g Jo: ffiske in ye name & with ye consent of ye Church Rev. Antipas Newman was ordained at Wenham, Dec. 8, 1663, a new meeting house having been built that year. Mr. Fiske prepared a Catechism for the instruction of the young people of his flock, which was printed at the expense of the church in 1657. Copies of this little work are now exceedingly rare, probably not more than one or two remain in existence. One spedmen was contained in the library of the late George Livermore 24 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD of Cambridge, which was bought by the Lenox Library, of New York, for $106, at the auction sale of the Livermore collection. It was entitled "The Watering of the Olive Plant in Christs Garden or A Short Catechism for the first Entrance of our Chelmesford Children." The address "To the Church & Congregation at Chelmsford, Grace & Peace, through Jesus Christ," is as follows*: — "Beloved, What is here presented to Public view is yours: for looking to the poor-Penman, as Relating to you : to the external moving Cause, as arising firstly & freely from you, to the End & use as centering in you, to the reason of the Publishing thereof, as resting with you, and the care and costs, as to that end expended by you: It must not otherwise be determined but YOURS. Which being so, you have saved me the labour, of prefacing on behalf e, either of this so necessary & fruitfull an exercise of Catechising, or of this present draught: or of publishing it. The present encumbrances of our new-begining you know to have declined me till of late, from the former, and mine own inabilities much more from the latter, as being rather desirous to have made use of some others labours that way, or at least- wise to have acted mine own feeble apprehensions in a more private manner amongst our selves. But God hath moved your minds, first to see, and seeing to cause, as it must be as it is. I shall add only a word or two touching use; 1. The Scripture quotations in the margent, are so severed by those distinct marks as it is not hard to discern to which answer they pertayn. 2. They are orderly set down (for the generall) as they relate to the severall sentences or parts in the answers. 3. Where more than one, are mentioned to the same purpose, it is not without special cause, and may serve for help of memory, when we may have occasion to branch out such a subject, into its particulars. 4. Profitably you may reduce Promises to their proper heads in the Lords Prayer, and Dutyes or faylings to their proper places in the Decalogue. As for the annexing of these with the Doctrine of the Sacraments, by way of Appendix. It is because the same will more suit with such capacities as are allready entered, then such as are but in their entcrance. I say no more but this. If now you & yours, (as is hoped) shall gain any Spiritual fruit by these poor weak Tra veils of mine. I have my desire: and no small encouragement, in the midst of many wilderness-discourage- ments. To His Blessing therefore I commit both you & yours, who is the God of all Blessing: and Rest Yours in the Lord John Fiske Chelmesford this 25 of \. mo: 1657." ♦Early New England Catechisms by Wilberforce Eames. THE BEGINNING 25 Mr. Allen says (p. 124), "This little work is moderate in its doctrines, catholic in its spirit." The conclusion, however, would not be warranted from this that it taught any milder Calvanistic doctrines than the generality of New England churches at that time. The Puritan theocracy was still in force during Mr. Fiske's pastorate. Our Puritan ancestors who had escaped from religious persecution in England, proposed to avoid religious dissensions in their new home by founding a commonwealth to be composed of a united body of believers. The Cambridge Platform had been adopted in 1648, defining the creed and powers of the clergy. This was laid before the congregations and adopted by them. And the General Court had already in 1646 enacted a law for the banishment of heretics, prefaced by the declaration: "Although no Humane [human] power be Lord over the Faith and Consciences of men, yet because such as bring in damnable Heresies, tending to the subversion of the Christian Faith, and destruction of the Souls of men ought duely to be restrained from such notorious impieties" ["Laws and Liberties of Massachusetts Colony," 1672, p. 58.] The Fiske Record gives some facts relative to the publication of the Catechism and the methods adopted by the church for catechising the children, viz. : "& togethr heerewithal in the 4 place of the refusall (as we vnderstood). to disburse their pportion to the Catech. printing, wch the Ch: stands engaged to see satisfyed. * * * [From a letter written to Esdras Read, under date of January 31, 1657-8, and copied into the Note-book.] 23 of 10 58 Voted by the Church that the 33 shs 9 d wch the Church stood engaged to see pd. to Br. James Parker for the Catechises should be for prsnt lent to him out of the Church stock. & if light app hrafte [appear hereafter] to the Church where it lies behind, to be taken in to the deacos hand on the accont of the catechizes in lew of this loan if not light, then this pte of the Church stock to be here levyed in his hands as assignd to the discharge of this debt of the Church. * * * 6 of 12 64 A Church meeting Catechising. Agreed by the Church, that the sa course of catechizg of all undere 16. yeers old. be attended at the house of the pasto. viz. for mayds the day afte the Lecture, & for youths the 2d. day of the weeke following the lecture. It [em] That for all yong men aboue 16. yeers old, vnmarryd. That it be moved, who will voluntarily app to giue in their Names to Answr in publick. & for such as shall decline: if Children of the Church, that the Church shall see that they attend to be 26 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD catechisd by the pasto in his House upon the 2d. day of the week monthly afte the lecture at the usual time, of meeting (viz. aboute 3 of the clock in aftrnoone & if they shall negl. to come on one day, to bring as much the next time, as may pportion the Time. This votd. That we begin the worke in publ. aboute the begining of 2d. month The Catechases to be dd out by Bro. Kemp at 6d. p peece. ♦ * * 30 of 4. 69 The Church mett * * * After this. It was pposed the way of Catechising fro house to house. & the yong or vnmarried psos to meet at so one house of 4 or 5, the maryed to be visitd in their owne houses" Of the six members of the church, who came with Mr. Fiske from Wenham, two of them, Richard Goldsmith and Austin Killam, soon returned to Wenham, where the former was killed by lightning in 1655 and the latter died in 1667. Esdras Read also withdrew from the church and went to Boston where he lived during the remainder of his life. There were others, however, who came with, or very soon after, Mr. Fiske, but who presumably were not members of the church as their names do not appear in the Fiske record. One of these was John Shepley, who sold in 1655 to William Fiske (brother of the minister) a dwelling house in Wenham and land, "butting with a bound tree by the mill & so running up to the meeting-house*." And in 1656 the names of "Sister Shipley's" children were recorded on the church book at Chelmsford. Dea. Cornelius Waldo, who, Allen says, came with the Fiske company, did not come for ten years. He was from Ipswich, where there is evidence of his living till 1665. In June, 1656, there were nine additional members received into the church. The record of the meeting is as follows: Vpon 11. of 4. 56. a publick gnal [general] fast In the close of the day was the Church Covt. renewed repeated & voted by the Brethren. It [em] there were received into or covt. pfessing their willing- ness to owne that or covt. as had ben exprssed 11 William Fletcher ] dismissed 1 Bro: Adams his wife J- fro the church Mary Adams 2 Bro. Vndrwoods wife j of Concord Sara Vndrwood 3 Anna Buttcrfield the wife of Bro: Butterfeild 4 Mary Chamberlin the wife of Bro: Tho: Chamblin 5 Mary Lernett the wife of Bro : Isaack Lernet ♦Essex Re«. Deeds. So. Diet., Vol. 1, Leaf 27. THE BEGINNING 27 6 Mary Thompso the wife of Bro : Symo Thoson 7 Rose parker the wife of Bro: Abra Parker 8 Margaret Parker, the wife of Joseph parker 9 Mary ChamberHn, the wife of Edmond chamblin dismissed to us fro the Church of Ooburne. Edmond ChambHn the so [son] of the 1. sd. Mary Chambhn baptised 29 of 4 56. This d. [ay] the Lo [rd's]: supp [er] & here coicated [communicated] with vs. Rob. Proctor of Concord Rafe Hill & his wife \ . , t.jt u ^ Geo: Early ) of ooburn [Woburn] Wm. Baker of the Church of charlestowne The church was for some time exercised over the question as to the relation which the children of the church members should sustain to the church. At a meeting "1 of 11. 56 [Jan. 1. 1657]" a set of propositions were adopted determining such relations, the third clause of which was : 3 That the Children of Church members, vnder the age of 14 or 15. y. when there pnts [parents] tooke the Covt. are included in there pnts Covt. & to be reputed members, & conse- quently to be baptised, not haueing ben before Baptised. This question having been disposed of the "Brethren prsented their childr, names & Ages," and then follow the names and ages of 75 children belonging to 17 families. The action of the church in the case of Mr. Fiske's son, Moses, who had been prepared for college by his father at the age of sixteen years, shows the zealous care which the church exercised over its members. "12 of 7 58. This day Moses Fiske, being suddenly to depte to the Colledge was called forth before the Church : & owned thr his followeth Covt. in the face of the Church, psonally in covt. engaging himself to the Church. & the Church to him, as in the forme as foUowes" The covenant follows and also the copy of a long letter addressed to the Church of Cambridge commending the young man to their brotherly care and watchfulness. The control exercised by the church over its members often affected their temporal interests. Personal interests must give way to those of the church, when they conflicted. This is shown in the case of James Parker, James Fiske, and John Nutting, who desired to withdraw from the church and remove to Groton. Before they could obtain their dismission from the church they were required to appear and present satisfactory reasons for their withdrawal. The meeting to consider the matter was held 28 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD "9 of 9 [16] 61 On this day, the 3 bre: Ja: parker, Ja: Fiske, Jon Nutting ppounded to the Church. That they haueing some thoughts and inchnations to a Remoue, desired to ppound it to the Church, that (as they may see God to make way for them) they may haue the Churches loueing leaue so to doe, & their prayers for them, for a blessing of God upo there vndertakeings. Some discussion followed over the matter, brother Adams saying, "they saw a call of God leading them to this place & if they apprehended a call of God away, twas ney [necessary] they should giue an accont to the church of their call hence" DISMISSED TO GROTON. Being called upon by the pastor "to approue their grounds." Brother Parker "stepping up to speak, * * * sd. that he for his pte [part] owned that God had a hand in bringing him hither: & he hoped he should see the sa [same] ouruling hand of his, in his Remoue & as to their grounds, tis not their desire to expresse them in ptic, [particular] vnlese it shall be pticularly desired & urged Onely in gnal [general] that it is bee. of sevral things prese upo their spits [pressing upon their spirits] as in refference to Church Administration, & so [some] uncomfortable differences, as they all know are wonted to arise abt the sa [sacrament]; & added, yt if he could enjoy all ordin: or Adminis- tration, as according to Rule, as he apprhended, he for his pte would not remoue Br. Fiske ppsed his assent. & added, yt as his ends of coming were wel knowne to God, & in so measure to the church, so it would be no smale thing that should moue him to a Remoue" More discussion followed in which the rules of church govern- ment were argued, and action was deferred to a future meeting, at which brother Nutting called attention to his situation as follows : "Br. Nutting pposed one ground further in r of his one ptic. viz. the inconveniences of his prsent situation & that he could not help himself, for in remoueing to his remote accommodations, haueing sevral smale childr, he should much deprue himself or wife of the ordin: [ordinances] by that means, & sought rather the settling himself comfortably for the outward man nigh to the meeting house." At this time no church had been organized at Groton, but in 1665 the families of James Parker, Joseph Parker, James Fiske, and John Nutting were dismissed to the church at Groton. James Parker became the leading man of that town, where he lived to a good old age. Joseph, his brother, was a large THE BEGINNING 29 landowner and "the ancestor of the most numerous branches of the Parker famihes in Groton and its vicinity." John Nutting was killed by the Indians when Groton was attacked and destroyed, March 13, 1676, and James Parker and family were obliged to seek an asylum among his old neighbors in Chelmsford, where he remained for several years. EXTENSION. Only the year following the incorporation of the town we find the people petitioning for an extension of their grant. They had found some parts of the land granted them stony and other parts barren, so that they had been constrained to set their habitations near the northeast corner of their town bounds as they alleged, "wheare wee haue no outlett for our Cattell to feed on" To understand the situation as they represented it, it is necessary to consider the town lines as they then existed, including, as they did, the present town of Westford and a large part of Carlisle, and as the north line did not extend as far north as the present village of North Chelmsford, it will be seen that what is now the center of the town, where the meeting house stood, was the northeast section of the town. That they found scanty pasturage over such a large tract while it was occupied by only twenty or thirty families was owing, of course, to the condition of the wilderness as they had found it and before they had cleared up land for cultivation. The land being covered by forest except on the meadows which skirted the streams or where Indian fires had destroyed the timber, it required a long range over which the cattle must roam to find sustenance. Their petition is as follows : '7th 3 mo., 1656. "The humbell petition of the inhabitants of Chemsford sheweth that wheareas this honotired Courtt hath fformerly giuen them a sertayn tractt of land which we thankefuly acsept of, and wee thought it to haue binn sofitient and Conuenient for a plantatyon, but by reason of the stonines of sum part and the barones of another part there of, we weare Constrained to set off our habitatyons on one corner of our bounds which w^as only Conuenient for that vse, and so wee have vnauoidably put our selues vp on straights because now our setuation is neare vpon our north east line, wheare wee haue no outlett for our Cattell 30 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD to feed on, may it please, therefore, this honoured Courtt to take this our Condityon in to Consideratyon, and to graunt a small parsill of land from our north east line downe to merimack Rieur, and so bownd us by the sayd Riuer aboutt three mills, and so to run vp on a south west line so as that wee woold nott bee any hindrance to grauton plantatyon: May it please this honoured Courtt to graunt this our petytion how euer your petisionors will Continualy Remayne praying for a blesing vpon all your waity affaires. "Isack lerned, "Thomas Addams, "Jo ffiske: "Simon Tompson, "Edward Spaulding, "Beniamin buterfild, "William fletcher "william vnderwood, "in the name & on the Behalf e of ye Towne. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 112, p. 80.] The Apostle Eliot, with an ever watchful care for the interests of his Indian charges, had petitioned the court for an extension of their grant. The court granted both petitions but not in a manner calculated to promote haitnony between the Indians and their white neighbors. They gave to the Indians a tract a mile in length lying between the Merrimack river and Chelmsford (Chelmsford did not then extend to the river at any point). It corresponded to what is now Middlesex village, from Black brook westward. The Indian name of this tract was Neahambeak as appears from a deed of land upon Black brook, from "Wanalanset the only Sonne surviving of old Passaconaway, deceased, who was the great and chiefe Sachem upon Merimack River" to Thomas Henchman in 1685. And a much larger tract was given to Chelmsford and the Indians jointly. This tract took in what is now North Chelmsford and the northern section of Westford. Both these grants are indicated on the plan by dotted lines, the smaller one marked "Joe Sagamore" being the Indian grant. [See Vol. Ill, p. 406, printed Records Massachusetts Bay.] The following is the answer of the Court: "In Answer to this Peticon and Allso that part of mr. Eliot's Peticon respecting An Jnlargement of land, vpon Conference with the Comittee who layd out the bounds of Chelmsford and perusal of a descripcon of A plott of the sayd plantacons and Allso of the Track of land now by both parts Peticoned for: Wee Apprehend it requisite that the Indian grant be extended A mile from the North East Angle or corner bound of Chelmsford Abutting on Merrimack and Patucket Eastward, taking in John THE BEGINNING 31 Sagamor's planting ground. And the end of the said mile to determine the Indain plantacon. And for the rest of the land on behalf of both towns — Peticoned for, that Chelmsford South and North line Abutting on Tadmuck, be extended from the North- weast Angle or Corner three Miles north: so as it pass not Merrimack riuer. And from thence to run A parralell line, with the East and west line of Chelmsford, vntill it meete with Meri- mack Riuer. And that the whole Track of land so taken in, be and remayne in Comunitie vnto the Towns of Chelmsford and the Indian Town called Patuckett for all vses. "21th 3 mo 1656. "Daniel Gookin, "Joseph Hills, "John Wiswall. "The Deputy es approve of the returne of the Comittee in answer to this petition desiringe the consent of or honord magists hereto, "William Torrey, Cleric. "Consented to by ye magists, Edward Rawson, S^cr^fj'." [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 112, p. 80.] This joint ownership plan did not prove satisfactory, and we find the Court again appealed to in 1660, and it confirmed an agreement between the whites and Indians, by which Chelmsford got that large section that had been given to them and the Indians jointly, and the Indians were given a small strip of land bordering their grant, which had belonged to Chelmsford. As was usual in such transactions, the whites got a good deal and the Indians got a little. The line as then established between the Indians and Chelms- ford, would appear from the description to correspond very nearly to the line of the old Middlesex canal as far, perhaps, as where the canal crossed the River Meadow brook. The following is the decree of the Court. [Massachusetts Records, Vol. 4, p. 430.] 1660 31 MAY EXCHANG OF LAND BETWENE YE INDIANS & CHELMSFORD. To all people to whom this present writing shall come to be scene or read. Whereas the honnored Gennerall Court of the Massachusetts was pleased of their free beneficence & bounty to graunt vnto the Indians of Patucket a parcell of land adjoyning to the bounds 32 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD of Chelmsford plantation, the scittuation whereof being by- experience found to be prejudicial! vnto the mutuall peace of the sajd plantations, — now, this wittnesseth that the Indian inhabitants of the abouesajd plantation, wth the consent and approbation of the Reuerend Mr. John Elliott, Sen, haue coue- nanted and agreed to make an exchange of land wth the inhabitants of Chelmsford, in manner following, vizt: tat the partition & dividing Ijne betweene the sajd English & Indian plantation shall beginn at the Great Swampe, the sajd swampe being left wthin the bounds of Chemsford, excepting only about tenn foote in bredth, and from thence the Ijne to be continued by the marked trees, as the former comittee sett out the same, vntill it reacheth Merremacke Ruier; and all the land lying on the northeast side of the sajd Ijne, formerly belonging to Chelmsford, shall henceforth be the propper right & to the sole vse of the sajd Indian plantation; and all the land on the southwest side of the sajd Ijne, excepting only what is hereafter graunted vnto James Parker, whither of the Indians old or new graunt, & euery parte thereof, shall foreuer be & remajn the proper right & to the sole use of the inhabitants of Chelmsford. And Whereas there is a parcell of land l3^ing & being at the west end of the Indians graunt, wch is not wthin the bounds (of either plantation) as aboue exprest, this wittnesseth that the sajd parcell of land, be it more or lesse, is, by the free consent of both the abouesajd plantations, given, graunted, & alienated vnto James Parker, of Chemsford, abouesajd, for and in con- sideration of his great pajnes and costs wch he hath necessarily expended in setling the bounds, as aboue is expressed, betweene the abouesajd plantations, to haue & to hold the sajd parcell of land, wth all the appurtenances thereof, vnto him, the sajd James Parker, his heirs and assignes for euer, to his and theire only propper vse & behoof e. And to the true performance of the aboue named exchange & graunt, mutually made by & betweene the sajd plantations, and also theire joinct graunt and guift vnto the sajd James Parker, on condicons & in manner aboue expressed, both the sajd plantations doe hereby respectively bind themselves, theire heires, execcutors, & administrators, each to other & joinctly, to the sajd James Parker, his heires & assignes, firmly by these presents; in wittnes whereof these whose names are subscribed as the deputjes Sc lawfull trustees of the abouesajd plantations, haue herevnto putt theire hands & scales. Aprill the third, 16G0. Signed in presence of James Parker, & a scale, Willjam Simmes, William Felther, Samuell Greene, Tho: Hincksman, & a scale, James Converse, John Elliott, in wittness of my appro- bation. (~^ .^^ ^ Q ^ <5 \ S\3 i — ^•f ( THE BEGINNING 33 The names of ye cheife inhabitants of Pmatucket, testifying theire consent and sattisf action in this deed: — The marke of () Puntahhun. John Tohatowon. The mrke. c^ Kussinauscut, The marke of Pannobotiquis, The mrke Un of Nomphon, The mrke of (J Peter, The mrke of CX Nonnoit, The mrke of ^ Wampannooun. Wee doe testify these markes & names were sett doune lawfully at a publicke meeting, the 14th of the 3d. 1660 John Eliot, Sen. John Eliot, Jun. This deed is acknowledged by Wm Fletcher, Tho Hincksman, together wth James Parker, as trustees for ye Indians, to be thire act & deed, this 5 2mo 1660 as attest Tho : Danforth. In ansr to the petition of the inhabitants of Chelmsford & Patuckett, the Court Judgeth it meete to confirme theire agree- ment, & orders the same to be recorded. In order that their title to the land might be further strength- ened and to satisfy any claim that the Indians might presume to hold upon lands within the town a deed was obtained, April 26, 1665, from the Indians, who deeded the land lying "within the bounds and limitts of the said Towne of Chelmsford, and is bounded Southerly by the lands of the Towne of Billerica and West Southerly partly by the lands of the towne of Concord and partly by the Indian plantation of Nashoba, and E' S'thly by the Countryes land. Northerly by the lands of Mr. Edward Ting, and on the North by Merrimacke River, and on the East and North East by the plantaccon of the Indians called Patuckett." In that year the town levied a rate of £31, 17s., 8d. for "A Toune rate and for the parches of the plantation of ye Indians." In 1665 the line was more definitely established between Chelmsford and Wamesit by committees from Chelmsford and Billerica and the Indians of Wamesit. It appears from the description of the line as established by them that it began at Concord river at what was subsequently known as Wamesit stake, from there crossing the river meadow and over the ridge on what is now the Lowell city farm to great swamp, through which later the Middlesex canal was constructed, and by the line of what is now Baldwin street to Merrimack river. 34 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD The following is as this agreement appears in the town records. [Transcript of 1742, p. 142.] THE BOUNDS BETWEEN CHELMSFORD & WAMASETT. June the: 8th: 1665: Ensign Hinchman and Sergeant Fletcher being apointed by the Town of Chelmsford: and Sergeant Parker with Jonathan Danforth of Billerica : and the Indians who are the Inhabitants of Wamasett being apointed by the Indian Court at Wamassett to Run the Line — between Chelmsford and Wamas- sett did attend the same: And the Bounds between them are as followeth : viz : we began at the stake by the side of Concord river which is the most Northerly Comer of Billerica & on that side of the River: and from that stake we Run a Streight Line untill you Come over the River meadow to a black oak marked with W and C: from thence westward Cross the high Ridge to a pine in the Bottom Marked as before: from thence it Runs by marked trees at a Little distance westward of the high ridge uto a Little white oak: from thence it turns to the great swamp by a great white oak marked on the east of Butterfields high-way: and from thence to the swamp: and Tenn foot within the swamp there being a White oak marked where we Com to the Swamp with: C and W: and so the Line is to, Run Tenn foot within the thick swamp: untill you Come to Ensign Hinchmans meadow there it comes from the Swamp to Tenn White oaks standing together: one being marked : and from thence by marked trees Leaving the swamp and meadow to Chelmsford: and Continue the Line to Merimack : Also it is agreed that Chelmsford is to have Conveniant high wayes through this Land in any place as shall be found need- full: as also a Covneniant highway by their Line from Merimack River to Ensign Hinchmans Damm. This was agreed by us: there was present and Consented Thomas Hinchman Nob How William Fletcher John Line John Parker Misstick George Jonathan Danforth Frances. Samuel: alias Manatoques old Rogger. This above is a true Copy of the origanall Recorded the : 27th : of January : 1691 : By me Solomon Keyes Town Clerk THE BEGINNING 35 FIRST SAW MILL. It has always been a marked characteristic of the New Englanders from the very first, that they manage to provide for themselves comfortable and substantial dwellings. There being no saw mill nearer than Concord or Wobum, and neither roads nor bridges between those places and Chelms- ford, the first who came must have been compelled to erect log houses for their shelter, although there is a tradition that William Fletcher had a frame house in 1654. There is a tradition also that Josiah Richardson's first shelter was partly formed by digging into the bank. The people were not long content to occupy such rude struc- tures, and very soon negotiated with the enterprising Samuel Adams to erect a saw mill, and also a mill for the grinding of com. Mr. Adams was a person of somewhat varied accomplish- ments. Rev. Wilkes Allen, in some notes made by him after his history of Chelmsford was published, states, upon the authority of some old deeds and other papers in the Adams family, that he was a millwright. "He was also somewhat skilled in medicine & exercised his skill to ye advantage & benefit of this infant settlement while they were destitute of a physician better informed." He was a Captain in the military, Clerk of the Writs, and for twenty years town clerk. The records in his handwriting are still mostly quite legible. The Town was quite liberal with Mr. Adams, giving him 100 acres of land in consideration of his "erecting & maintaining a Com Mill for the Towns suply," and he was given 450 acres in consideration of his erecting a saw mill. These with other grants made his holdings "by estimation about six hundred acres." * * * The following is the vote of the Town in reference to the saw mill as it appears in the town records [Transcript, p. 32]: "1656, July Day ye third. At a Public meeting of the whole town, it is Granted to Mr. Samuel Adams in Considoration of Setting up a Saw-mill: and thereby supliing the Town with Boards at three Shillings the hundred, or the Sawing of one Board log for the providing and bringing of another to be Redy to work by the next March ensuing. In consideration Whereof it is hereby Granted to the Sd Mr. Adams to have the Sum of Four hundred and fifty acres of Land upon the South Side of the meadow 36 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD belonging to the Sd Mr. Adams, called brook meadow; Farther that the Sd Mr. Adams Shall have Liberty to make use of the Pines upon the Common. And to hold the fore Sd Land to him and his heirs for ever." And "Mr Adams is granted Libberty to sett Flood gates for the advantage of his Mill pond at the Mouth of Hart pond this was granted by the Town for the use of his Mill to him and his heirs forever"* This mill was upon Great, or River Meadow brook, about two miles, a little east of south, from the center of the town. A saw and gristmill was maintained there by five successive genera- tions of the Adams family. It then passed by purchase to Mr. Abbot Russell, who was followed by his son, the late Lincoln H. Russell, since whose death in 1899, the mill has not been used. PETITION TO TRADE WITH INDIANS. The following petition to the General Court, asking for the privilege of trading with the Indians, gives their representation of the difhculties which they encountered in providing for their families in "this Remoat Comer of the wildernes." The 33 names signed to the petition probably included very nearly all of the adult males then li\nng in town. Chelmsford May: 17: 58 To the honered Coart Assembled at Boston the humble petistion the in habetants of the towne off Chelmsford Sheweth : that we have as god by his Providenc haveing despoased off us with our famelies into this Remoat Corner of the wildernes : whare not with Standing the improvement of all Lawfull Liberties and Advantages put into our hands wee have and doe find as the State of things now standeth Much dificalte to : nay imposebile [ ] of procuering such nesesarie suplye as boath Church and familie ocations doe call for to the great hasard boath of uss and owrs as wee dout not but yr wisdoms are sensable oflE which difecalltie is much increased to uss by beeing prohibeted from tradeing with the indiens which we doe Conseive to bee our Lawfull Liberte : owr humble Requeste tharf ore is that yr honers would bee pleased to take this Case into yr Consideration: and grant your petiscioners thare Lawfull Liberte which wee Conceive ought not to bee Menopolised in as much as it is no nue inuention and that the Lord would kepe boath you and yours in his feare and truth wee your petiscioners shall for ever praye ♦Town Records, Transcript, p. 34. THE BEGINNING 37 wee doe further in [ ] your honer Leter to bee our townes brand or Leter of Vss:C: to Rate for this inserted marke as Law injoyneth James Parker William Fletcher Henry Farwell Tho Chamberlin Edward Kempe James Blud Josiah Richardson John Fiske Berabin butterfild Roberd Procter Edman Chamberlin Joseph Parker Thomas Adams Edward Spalden Georg byam Beniamin buterfild Daniel Blodget John Spalden Roberd Flecher Samewell Foster Joseph Gilson: Games Hildereth: William Underwod John Shiple : Richard Hildereth John Nutting Abraham Parker John Right Jacob Parker Edward Spalden John Shiple Joseph Parkis Samewell Kempe [Massachusetts Archives, Trade &c., Vol. 119, p. 19.] What action was taken upon this petition does not appear, but the privilege asked for was probably not granted, because it would have interfered with a valuable source of revenue to the Colony, the statute holding that " * * * the Trade of Furrs with the Indians in this Jurisdiction, doth properly belong to this common-wealth and not unto particular persons."* EARLY ROADS AND LOCATION OF HOUSES. In fixing upon locations for their dwellings an important consideration, to the early settlers, was to be convenient to the meeting house. Mutual protection and social considerations would prompt them to cluster about this social center, and the General Court had decreed in 1635 that no dwelling should be placed more than half a mile away from the meeting house in any new plantation. But the physical condition of the country was such that these desires could not well be carried out, and they were forced to locate at places which offered the best promise of support for their families. ♦General Laws, 1672, p. 75. 38 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD When the committee first explored this tract with a view to settlement, the only land mentioned as under cultivation was the Indians' cornfield upon Robins hill. With that exception the territory which these men siirveyed from this eminence was probably an almost unbroken forest, excepting upon the meadows which skirted the streams, or upon land too barren to support vegetation. This, at least, would be the condition unless the land had been devastated by Indian fires. As the meadows furnished a supply of food, easily obtained, to carry their animals through the winter, we find many of the first inhabitants located near the borders of such meadows. One of the first necessities in promoting the development of the town was for suitable highways to enable the people to pass from house to house and to "mill and meeting house." Highway surveyors were chosen at the second town meeting in 1655 and annually thereafter. Often the aboriginal paths were widened and graded by the early settlers into roads. If there were any roads laid out by the town before 1659, they are not recorded. There were, however, roads in use previous to that time. One of the first of these passed between the cemetery and common, following the line of Worthen street and Crosby place to the house of William Fletcher, some thirty rods beyond the Crosby house. Soon, if not at first, this continued toward what is now the house of Jas. L. Stearns and from there by Golden Cove road and Stedman street towards the Merrimack river. The "town-way to the mill" led to Saml. Adams' saw and corn mill and corresponded to what is now the Boston road as far as the Hazen place. Originally it passed around (through what is now called Adams street) by the present house of C. E. Bartlett. It made a turn to the left near J. E. Warren's house, and, after crossing Farley's brook swung around to the east to avoid the hill. The "road to the Bay" was what is now Billerica road. This was the line of travel to Boston for Groton and Lancaster as well as Chelmsford, and those three towns were required to help build and support the bridge across the Concord river in Billerica. Upon these roads the houses in or near the village were located. The house of Mr. Fiske, the minister, was near the meeting house, of course. Wm. Fletcher's house has been men- tioned. His brother, Samuel, lived near him. John Bates' was THE BEGINNING 39 near Mr. Fred E. Russells', and the house of Dea. Cornelius Waldo, who came here from Ipswich in 1665, Allen tells us was in his garden, probably where the house of Edward J. Robbins was recently erected. Abraham Parker, the first settler, had his homestead lot on the south side of the Billerica road near the present town farm (he was bounded easterly by his river meadow, and north by the highway to the Bay), but later we find his house at the village, where he and his sons built a mill near the upper dam of the Mill pond. Jacob Parker, the town clerk in 1658 and several years fol- lowing, was near the first location of his brother, Abraham. Deacon Henry Farwell, the tailor, was nearer the village on the same road. John Nutting was on the south side of Beaver brook and east of the road to the mill and he had for near neighbors, James Blood and Joseph Parker. These last three and James Parker soon removed to Groton where their lot was made bitter by the repeated attacks upon that town by the Indians. Steven Pierce, a tailor, the progenator of the Pierce family in town, came from Woburn and married a daughter of Jacob Parker. His home was in the village. He was granted land in 1671. "A small parsill to sett a house upon * * * south west side of Beaver brook bridge." Samuel Adams we should find at his mills on Great brook, and between him and the village was Moses Barron, near the place of the late Chas. Sweetser; and for a short time his near neighbor was Francis Gould and his wife Rose, who had come from Braintree. Farles brook and Round meadow are named in the description of Barron's land. John Blanchard probably lived at what is now the Joseph E. Warren place. Dea. Joseph Warren came into possession of this land about 1700, since which time it has remained in that family. Benjamin Butterfield lived on the same road, nearer the village. The Beaver brook meadows west of the village attracted a number of families into that section. This was known as the "West End." One of these families was George Byam's, one of the original families which came from Wenham with Mr. Fiske They settled where Geo. A. Byam now lives (1905). The place has been continuously in the Byam family. 40 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD A near neighbor to the Byams was Thomas Chamberlain. The spot is pointed out a few rods east of the Hunt place, where his house is supposed to have stood. The earliest record of any highway in town started from his house. "January: 7: 1659 George Biam and Thomas Barrett are apointed a comitee to state the High-way that gos to Tadmuck before Thomas Chamberlains hous: The tree at his Hogs Coat is concluded one bound and so to Run his due bredth acording to order towards the Brook Cald Beaver brook."* Edmund Chamberlain, Richard Hildreth, Robert Proctor, the brothers, Jacob and Arthur Warren, and perhaps Dea. Edward Kemp and his son-in-law, Dea. Samuel Foster, both of whom were of the Wenham company, were in this neighborhood. Thomas Chamberlain's highway mentioned above presupposes one already in use for this neighborhood to go to the meeting house. This was formally laid out "3d 1 month 1662-3. Thomas Adams and Josiah Richardson being chosen a committee to Joyn with Groton committee to Lay out a High- way from Town to Town the work is performed by them and the way is Laid out from Beaver Brook Bridge over the North side of Robbins-hill and thence through Richard Hildreth 's yard and so to the west end of Hart pond over the swamp and so to Thomas Chamberlins meadow and so on towards Groton, on the east side of Tadmuck great meadow" f This was the road over which the Groton people passed in going to Boston. All of this road which lies in Chelmsford is still in use, although upon some parts of it the travel is very limited. Another road started on the south side of Robins hill and, passing around on the west side of the hill and into the road above described, at what is now John Byam's place. The description given in the records of this is: :7th: 8: month :: 1673: Laid out by the selectmen the Day above for the use of the Town a high-way which is Bounded Between Henry Gidleys Lott and John Blanchards meadow and so all a Long between the meadow and Robbins hill Runing into the way that corns from George Biams to the meeting hous: This road accommodated Thomas Barrett, who had come from Braintree with his father, Thomas, and bought, ten years before, a house and land on the south side of Robins hill, where *P. 42, Town records, Transcript, tBook A. p. 36. THE BEGINNING 41 C. W. Byam now lives. Henry Gidley may have lived at the Wm. Fay place, although there are marks of one or two old cellars on that road, over one of which his house may have stood. Quite a number of families settled in the northeast quarter of the town, near the Indian line, where they had near access to the fisheries on the Merrimack river. This section was called the "North End," and that term, later, included the section from Wamesit to the north schoolhouse (Dist. No. 2). Henry Bowtall, or Boutwell, who came from Cambridge with his wife and Jerathmell Bowers, her son by a former marriage, located upon what is now Stedman street, in Lowell. His house stood just north of where the stream crosses the road. In this neighborhood was Joseph Parkhurst,* the progenitor of the Parkhurst family in town, and on either side of him, John Wright and Thomas Sewall. North of these were John Shepley, Jona. Butterfield, and Eleazer Brown. Thomas Henchman was in what is now Middlesex village, his land being bounded east by the Indian line, and north by the river, and joining him at the south was his son-in-law, James Richardson. The picturesque John Webb, alias Evered, the former mer- chant of Boston, was the first man to cross over and plant himself on the opposite bank of the river. The first road which accommodated this section was called the "Highway to Merrimack." There is no record of its having been formally laid out. It terminated at "Poorman's bridge." Where that bridge stood there is neither record nor tradition to enlighten us, although it is mentioned from time to time in the records for 150 years. An examination of the old roads and paths in this section reveal its probable site. There is evidence of an old road leading from Stedman street towards the swamp just south of Mount Pleasant, and at Black brook, opposite to where this comes out at the edge of the swamp there are still to be seen some remains of a foundation to a bridge. The late Sewall Bowers, an old and lifelong resident of this section, stated that formerly a road crossed the swamp in the direction of Pine street. The road to Poorman's bridge was extended to Merrimack river in 1673, passing on the east side of Mount Pleasant, and from there the line corresponded to what is now Baldwin street; It is thus described in the records. *The records in regard to his house lot are contradictory, but the weight of evidence locates him as above. 42 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD [In margin] 20: 3: 1673 A highway Will vnderwood Will Flecher and Abraham parker being apointed to lay out a highway for the inhabitants on other sid meremake Do determin that it shall beegine att the Country way att pore mans bridge and so a longe bettwne the to swamps and ouer will vnderwods medow all along bowndid by markd treese on both sids and so runeth below mr hinchmans Dame and so to the Endian line to Answer the Contry Rode att meremake and on this side this is atrew rettorne of the Comity as Aboue Datted and heare entred by order of the selecttmen * * * Samell Adams clerk. Jerathmell Bowers, when he reached maturity, settled where his descendant, Joseph Bowers, now resides on Wood street. The place has been continuously in the family. The house, said to be over two hundred years old, is undoubtedly the oldest building now standing in Lowell. Another road which helped to develop this section was laid out from the newly incorporated town of Dunstable, viz.: [In margin] Country Way The 1 Day of January 1674 leften Thomas hinchman and liften Samuell Foster beeing Apointed by the Towne to Jo3nie with leftenant Whealer and Abraham parker the Cometty to lay out the Contry Way from — Donstable to Chelmsford thay Doe Joyntly Agree on both parties that the Way shall in Chelmsford bowns beegine at mr Tings Farme and so to bee sixe polle wid and so to Continew as by marked treese Downe to Jerathmell bowers land and so to black brooke into the Contry way that Comes From merimack this is a trew Rettorne of the Comity as above Datted wittis Samell Adames clerk This was the old road from Tyngsboro through North Chelms- ford. It swung to the left above Drum hill over a piece of road now little used, coming out upon what is now Westford street near Joseph Bowers'. The travel to Boston, from Dunstable and towns above, passed over this road for many years, passing over what is now Stedman street and the Golden Cove road and crossing the Concord river at Billerica. The following year a new bridge was built across Stony brook, "to foot higher than the former was." There were two foot-paths laid out near Jerathmell Bowers in 1677, which are thus described. THE BEGINNING 43 A highway — By apointment of the townesmen ther is tew foott waies laid out through the land of John Wright the one begining att the still next to Jerathmell bowers and * * * so to the Cartt brige and then below the orchard to the land of Jonathan butterfeild and then close by the fence of John wright vp to the drift way and the other begining Against John Sheplies and then straight to the drift way at Jonathan buterfilds bame by William vnderwoods and Jerathmell bowers and for partt of satisfaction hee hath taken apece of land about an acer and halfe bonendid North vp on the towne common east vp on the medow of John wright South vp on the lands of Jonathan Butterfeild and west upon the land of John wright: Recorded by order of the Selectt men 21 7 mo 1677 This is a trew Coppey Samell Adams of the Rettorn of the Comity clerk [Orig. Records, Book 1656, p. 129.] Whether it was Jerathmell Bowers' still which created the necessity for paths leading in his direction, we can only conjecture. In the transcript of the town records, which was made in 1742, the word is written stile, but the original record gives it plainly "still." In 1686 and again in 1688 Jerathmell Bowers was licensed to sell "strong waters" by the General Court. Capt. Josiah Richardson located upon what is now the road leading from Westford to Lowell where, his descendent, the late Edward F. Richardson lived. The farm had been continuously in the family to the time of the death of the latter*. STONY BROOK PATH. One of the very early roads at first known as "Stony brook path" was what is now Westford road. Upon this road, about half a mile from the meeting house, settled John Perham, after his marriage in 1664, but at just what time is not known. The place has been continuously in the family to the present time. The present writer, who now occupies it, is of the seventh genera- tion from John. Edward Spalding settled about a mile and a half ftuther west, upon the farm of the late Henry R. Hodson. This farm and those adjoining it on either side were occupied by Spaldings for several generations. To the west of Spalding, at what is now the William Martin place, at the foot of Francis hill, lived John Stevens and his descendants for five generations. ♦Family tradition. 44 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD. William Underwood was also in this neighborhood. His daughter PrisciUa, and Edward Spalding, Jr., having united their fortunes in marriage. The road from this neighborhood was early in use, but, if recorded, its description is, like those of so many of the old roads which were laid out by marked trees, such that it cannot be identified. It swung to the left near the present residence of Geo. F. Snow, crossing Stony brook at Westford comer, where a saw mill was established in 1669. STONY BROOK VALLEY. A number of families soon pushed out into the Stony Brook valley: John Snow, Joseph Butterfield and Joseph Parkhurst (probably Joseph, Jr.) and others. The following are the names of those who were chosen fence viewers for "Stony brook" from 1682 to 1700: Samuel Burge, John Spalding, Joshua Fletcher, Benj. Spalding, Joseph Spalding, Samuel Cleveland, Samuel Underwood and Gershom Proctor. Arthur Crouch planted his house upon Tadmuck hill. He was probably the first resident upon this beautiful hill now crowned by the charming village of Westford. Two highways were laid out, one to accommodate the Stony brook families and another leading into it from Tadmuck hill furnished the first continuous highway from what is now Westford Center to the Chelmsford meeting house. They are thus described : A hie way Laid out from stony broock houses throw the Land of Joseph buterfild and so ouer frances hill by Josaph Keyses house bounded by marked trees and ouer flagi mado plaine bounded by marked trees and by the East and of henory f orwells house in to the Cuntery road the hie way is 3 rod wide all so we laid out A hie way from Arthar Crouchis house and by the houses at Litell tadnick and by the house of Josaph parkhust and as the way is drawn bounded by marked trees untell it Coms to stony broock way Commity Soloman Keys Samuell Fletcher This record is not dated but it is recorded in the handwriting of Thomas Parker who was town clerk in 1696 and 97. The part of the road over Francis hill from No. 2 Schoolhouse, in Westford, to the top of the hill is no longer in use. THE BEGINNING 45 Samuel Cleveland's land, granted in 1681, was upon the east side of Tadmuck hill, "by the highway to Great Tadnack" with liberty to dam and flow the swamp. It is said that there still remains evidence of an old dam at that place. Samuel Cleveland was a son of Moses Cleaveland of Woburn, an ancestor of Ex-President Grover Cleveland. GREAT BROOK SETTLERS. The meadows upon Great brook early attracted settlements in the southerly quarter of the town, in what is now Carlisle. The first that we find there were: John Barrett, George Robbins, Thomas Cory and Ambrose Swallow. A highway was laid out for their accommodation "to mill and meeting-house" in 1671, described as follows: The selectt men vp on Request by George Robines for a highway to mill and metting house have Apointed a Cometty namly John Blanchard Moses Barron and John fiske to lay out the same And they make ther rettorne thatt they have laid out the same from the house lott of the f orsaid Robines to And through the land of John Brett and so passing Beefore his house in to Concord Rode way over great Brooke ; and so by Judgment of the Commetty And John Baretts Consent the town gives John barett three Acers of land Adioyning to his loott on the south side of his land By order of the selectt men* 31 the 8 mo 1671 Sam Adames This neighborhood had increased by 1692 to at least ten families, three of which belonged to sons of John Barrett, mentioned above. The section from there to South Chelmsford came to be known as the "South End." DEVELOPMENT OF WEST END. In 1719 a highway, which furnished an outlet for other families that had settled in the West End, is thus described: Chelmsford November the 4th 1719: A High-way Laid out which began at the corner of Jacob Warrens by the Highway to the great pond Called Hart pond : and from sd Corner as the Path now is to Jonathan Minotts from thence as the path now is to Thomas Adams's and Pelatiah Adams through there Land; and from thence as the path now is by marked trees along to Little Tadmuck to the Land of Thomas Adams & Pelatiah Adams & through there Land and through the Land of Ephraim Hildreth •First Book of Records, p. 106. 46 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD senr — by marked trees running & facing: and from thence to Ebenezer Wrights Land & through sd Wrights Land as the path now is: from thence by trees marked Runing & facing to the High-way that goes from the meeting hous to Ensign John Snows : The afore sd Highway is Three Rods wide* By the selectmens order Recorded this : 5th Day of November: 1719 \ Jonathan Richardson pr. Benj. Adams Town Clerk / Benjamin Adams Committee The original petition for this road was preserved in the house of B. O. Robbins until recently. The house is a very old one and it may have formerly been Jacob Warren's house. Of those mentioned in this description, Thomas Adams lived at the Hayward place. The house is still standing. It may have been built by Mr. Adams, who was a carpenter. He later removed to Dunstable, selling his place in Chelmsford in 1726 to Benj. Heywood, cooper, of Billerica. It has since re- mained in the Hej^ward name. Timothy Adams lived at what is now the John Sheehan place. Ebenezer Wright lived at what is now Edwin Heyward's place near Chamberlin's comer in Westford. The road terminated on Francis hill at the road which led from the Stony brook houses to the center of Chelmsford. DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOWN. The material from which to draw any picture of the life of the people of those early times is almost wholly wanting. We have neither tradition nor literature written at that period. We can simply present such bare facts as are found in public records, and the imagination must supply the rest. The houses of that period were small and mostly of one story, with a living room and kitchen and a loft overhead for sleeping rooms, reached by a ladder, or a stairway in front of the big chimney. The question is often asked. When were the old houses now standing built? It is impossible to say. It was not the custom then any more than today to inscribe upon a house the date of its construction. Some of the oldest houses are thought to have been standing for two centuries. These are the old gambrel roof house by North square; the Emerson house on Dalton street near the road to North Chelmsford; the railroad house, so-called, near the ♦Book A, p. 172. THE BEGINNING 47 depot on Littleton road; the Joseph Warren house and the Hazen house on Boston road; the Bowers house in Lowell; and the Hayward house and house of B. O. Robbins near South Chelmsford. Of the first mentioned, we have only its architectural features by which to judge of its age. All of the others have had additions and improvements which have changed their original form. The meeting house was the social center. The minister was the important man, looked up to with great respect. His presence was called for at all important public, or family occasions. Attendance upon public worship was compulsory. All were taxed to support the church, and, when a minister was to be settled, he was voted upon in town meeting, the church having previously made known its preference. SEATING THE MEETING HOUSE. The seats in the meeting house were assigned by a committee chosen by the town, persons being given preference according to their estate, office, or social standing. In 1678 the town chose "For a Comite to order the seating in metting house Capt thom hinchman, Capt Samell Adams, en [sign] Thom Adams william vnderwod, Josiah Richardson" It is not probable that the first meeting house contained pews, the people being seated on benches. It was repaired in 1702, "both wtout Side to keep out rain and snow, & also withinside such Inlargement as may be needful & in perticular A long table from one allee to another" At a later period persons were permitted to build pews at their own expense for themselves and families. In 1712, "It Was uoted that Colonall tyng Capt Bowrs Capt Barron and Jonathan Richardson shall haue the Liberty and Benefit of making Pues in that uacant Roome one the East side of the Pulpit in the New meeting hous to the East Window"* At a still later period the town received pay for such privilege. In 1772, "Voted to sell room, for pew, in meeting house by the mens stairs sold to Samuel Perham for ten dollars."! PRIVATE ENTRANCES. There are votes on record which indicate that such pew- holders were sometimes permitted to have a door cut through the side of the building, giving them a private entrance to their pews. ♦Book B, p. 16. tBook I, p. 100. 48 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD For what other purpose could have been the doors ordered by the following votes? In 1696, "it is voted yt two men shall be ordered to make two dors at ye back side of ye meeting hous" and the year following, "it is uoated that thare shall be A doar mad out at the noarth sid of ye meeting house and A pillor set under ye bame"* Before the introduction of bells it was the custom to summon the worshipers to meeting with a drum. Among the town charges in 1659, one was "for the paiment for A drum to Henry Farwell £3-5-0" It appears also that sometimes a flag was flung to the breeze for that purpose. "The 1 Day of June 1676 the selectt men made an Agreement with George biam to cleane the metting house putt out Cullers [colors] and Attend both saboth and lecttur Daies as formerly hee hath don and for the yeare insewing hee is to have 50 shillens in come or Cattell to bee paid halfe att the last of Nouembor the other halfe att or before the last of June Foloing" BELL. But these primitive methods were soon superseded by better. From 1680 to the present time the sound of the church bell has called the people to worship. On the above date "Ther was a voatt past that ther shold bee a bell bought for the Towns vse and that ther shold be so much land sould out of the Comon as will purchas the bell and hange him in the metting house that is to say if the towns stock in hand will not doe it then to sell landf The Commity to sell the lands ar Mr John Fisk Ser [geant] Richardson Soloman Keies" The date 1682 was inscribed upon the bell. When the third meeting house was built the town voted, in 1793, "to sell the old Bell and buy a new one of 700 wt, raising £110 for this purpose." The old bell went to Tyngsboro, where it was used on a schoolhouse|. *[pp. 22.5, 229, First Book, 139, 143 Copy.) tFirst Book. p. 157. Ullen. pp. 26, 77. THE BEGINNING 49 Several votes remind us of the Dial, the Hour-glass, and the Stocks, those ancient instruments, the two former for marking time, the latter for the punishment of offenders. In 1698 payment was made "to John Kyder for tythin mens staues £0-4-6 to John bates for mending the stoxs £0-1-6 Samuell Foster for the desency of the meeting house £0-10-0" At another time Jona Barrett is paid for "sitting up the dial," and Abraham Byham "for bringing the stooks £0-1-0" LAND DISTRIBUTION. The method which governed the proprietors of the town in their land distribution is not described in the records. This may have been contained in the first book of proprietors' records, which Allen says were burned about 1715, with the house which contained them. The rule was doubtless the same as in other towns at the time. In Billerica the Dudley farm "was divided into twelve lots of one hundred and twenty-five acres each and this number became the unit of measuring shares through the town. Each share was called a ten-acre lot and consisted of one hundred and thirteen acres of upland and twelve acres of meadow and carried with it the right to 'all town priviledges, after additions and divisions of land and meadow.' "* From this it would seem that each proprietor's holdings were much larger than appears by the records. There were four divisions of the common lands. As the town controlled the disposal of land and new residents were admitted by vote, undesirable persons were prevented from gaining a foothold. The laws of the colony were very strict in regard to receiving and harboring strangers, it being enacted in 1637 that "No Town or person shall receive any Stranger Resorting hither with intent to Reside in this Jurisdiction, nor shall allow any Lot or Habitation to any, or entertain any such above three Weeks, except such person shall have allowance under the hand of some one Magistrate! At first land was granted to approved characters on condition that they build and settle on same and pay town charges, but land soon came to have a greater value and in 1669 "it was ordered ♦Hazen's Billerica, p. 31. tLawe and Liberties. 50 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD by the town, that all those, who shall take up accommodations in town shall pay for a ten acre lot £2-10-0, and in the same pro- portion for any lot greater or smaller."* Land continued, however, to be granted free to encourage the introduction of useful trades. John Lowell was admitted an inhabitant in 1682, if he come and settle "and so follow his trade of Tanning" and given the privilege of taking bark from the commons. And James Dutton, in 1693, was granted three acres to set a house and shop on "in order to follow his trade." Thomas Parker, shoemaker, and Zachariah Richardson, blacksmith, were given similar grants. MILLS ESTABLISHED. Nothing more marks the enterprise of the people than the mills which were early established upon the various streams. The first saw and com mill, which the town so liberally endowed in 1656, was followed in 1669 by a second saw mill, upon Saw Mill Meadow brook which flows into Stony brook at what is now called Westford comer near West Chelmsford. "At a Publick meeting the: 3d: Day in September: 1669: Thomas Hinchman William Fletcher and Josiah Richardson Petitioning for a parcell of Land for there Conveniencies in Erecting of a Saw-mill and Carying along the work thereof." The grant was made by the town, the conditions being that the "Inhabitants thereof shall have there Boards at four shillings per Hundred and not exceeding that prise: for any kind of pay that the afore sd Inhabitants Can make : at price Currant between man and man in this Town: And that any of the Inhabitants of Chelmsford Giveing timely notice of there want of Boards to any of the owners of the Mill afore said that then they shall be suplied for there pay before others. And further it is Granted to the afore sd owners of the Mill that they shall have free Liberty to take of the Town Common What Timber they see meet for the Mill to work on: And to Rattifie the afore sd Grant the Town hath Chosen Samuel Foster and John Burge Senr to se to the Reccording thereof and that it is done according to former Order. Witnes our hands Samuel Foster Senr John Btirge Senr" t The banks of an old canal are still plainly seen at this point. Att a General metting of the towne the 3 day of Febuary 1673 * * * by a maior voatt was granted to Farther the ♦Allen, p. 21. tBook A, p. 40. THE BEGINNING 51 Iron worke that thye shall haue For 2d a Cord leave to cutt wood Acording to Former Agreement* This was doubtless Capt Jonas Prescotts mill at the outlet of Forge pond on the Stony- brook. GROTON MILL. "At A Genii Town meeting August the : 24th 1709: it was voted that Capt Jonas Prescot of Groton shall have the Common Meadow Lying in Chelmsford as it was granted to Thomas Chamberlain of Groton for the sum of Twenty five pounds of money" t When this grant was recorded the following year, the only part of the description now intelligible is "Lying within the Town of Chelmsford near to Groton Mill on both sides of Stony brook" Capt. Prescott's object in obtaining the meadow was, doubt- less, for the purpose of obtaining bog ore to be manufactured into iron. "Prior to 1730, Jonas Prescott had greatly enlarged and improved the works on Stony Brook by erecting forges for manufacturing iron from the ore as well as other purposes." J Capt. Jonas Prescott and his descendants continued the business at Forge Village till 1865, almost 200 years from the date of the first action by the town of Chelmsford in aid of the enterprise. FIRST FULLING MILL. The first Fulling mill, for the dressing of the homespun cloth, is indicated by a vote of the town Feb. 2, 1691. "on the day aboue lef tenant John barett and his sonn Jonathan barett propounding for libarty to erect a fuling mill on the mill brock it was by uote granted and ther was chosen on the day aboue to setell this mater captine richarson and Joseph farwell se and Thomes parker commity"§ This mill was probably in the present town of Carlisle near the road leading to that town from Chelmsford. The two Barretts mentioned in the vote lived in that neighborhood at the time. There are several mill sites on the stream in that section, one of which is still in use. ♦First Book, p. 118. tBook A, p. 172. iHodgman'a Westford, p. 243. §Fir8t Book, p. 188. 52 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD FIRST MILL AT CENTER OF TOWN. The first mill on Beaver brook at the center of the town, Allen tells us, was erected in "1678. — John Parker, son of Abra- ham, built a saw-mill on Beaver-brook, of which some remains are yet to be seen."^ I am unable to find any reference to this mill in the town records, but in an ancient deed from Abraham Parker, Senr., to his eldest son John, occurs this language: "Also whereas the said John Parker of his own estate hath ben at one third pt of ye charge in building of a saw milne now standing upon his father Abrahams land * * * both ye upper & lowr Dam with all the profits and comodityes of ye same According to his proportion of interest in ye said mill. * * * Dec 29. 1679" and from another deed, from the same to son Moses, it is plain that the mill was on Beaver brook. FIRST GRISTMILL AT NORTH CHELMSFORD. Daniel Waldo, who, doubtless, had learned the mill business of Samuel Adams, whose daughter Susanna he had married, proposed to undertake a mill on his own account, and, in 1695, he made an agreement with the town "about Building a com mill on Stony brook below the Highway to Dunstable" The agreement stipulated that said Waldo was to maintain a good mill and miller. "The sd mill to be kept for the Towns use Except the fourth Day of each week which is for Dunstable: and to grind the Towns Com well and there Mault for half Toal Except a small quantity a Bushel or the Like," and the people were to be served in turn, and he is not to "Damnific" the highway or any man's meadow by flowing. In consideration for which "we grant to the sd Waldow the stream of sd Brook: and also Twenty five acres of Land on each side of sd Brook provided the sd Highway be not Damnified" The Dunstable highway here mentioned is the street passing through the village of North Chelmsford, now known as Middlesex road. The bridge originally crossed the stream lower down than the present one. Allen, writing in 1820, says of this mill privilege, "This advantageous situation has been constantly occupied by a mill under several successive owners. The present proprietor, Wm. Adams, Esq., rebuilt the saw mill, 1815, and in 1814, the gristmill on an improved plan. It contains three runs of stones, THE BEGINNING 53 each of which is moved by a tub wheel. The wheels are placed at different elevations, that the uppermost may be used when the water in the Merrimack is at its greatest height, and either covers the other wheels or impedes their motion. As the water in the river falls to its common level, either or all of the wheels may be used at pleasure."* In a note made below, after his book was published, he wrote; "1822 These mills with twenty acres of land around were sold to Kirk Boott as agent for the Merrimack Manufacturing Company for 15 thousand dollars." But these mills continued in operation after Kirk Boott 's purchase, for the present writer has taken wheat there to be converted into flour, I should say, about 1858. JOHN Richardson's mill. To return again to the earlier period; Daniel Waldo sold, in 1700, to John Richardson, who then lived nearby, "one com mill also one half of the third part of a Saw Mill Standing on the aforesaid Stony Brook near to said com miH"t Daniel Waldo removed to Dorchester, and later to Bridg- water. In 1707, "Jonathan Richardson and John Richardson had granted the Liberty of erecting Iron works upon Stony brook with Conveniency of flowing provided it Damnific none of the Inhabitants,"! and in May, 1709, "It was voted that John Richard- son shall have the Liberty of Drawing of the pond Called New- fied-pond to suply his mill with Water ; And shall have the benifit of sd pond to the high-water mark" The attempt of Mr. Richardson to avail himself of the benefit of the waters of this pond caused a most remarkable catastrophe. As the workmen were digging a channel through the bank of the pond the pressure of the water suddenly bturst the weakened bank and the water rushing out carried with it a negro who was in the ditch at the time and buried him in a mound of sand washed by the water to the meadow below. Thus this pond, covering 100 acres, was aU drawn off with the exception of about an acre in the lowest part. This story rests wholly upon tradition. Allen relates it (pp. 19, 20) and at the time he wrote, the pond still remained dry and its bed "covered with a thrifty growth of wood." The writer's father, the late David Perham, has told him ♦Page 31. tRegister of Deeds, Cambridge, Book 20. p. 277. tBook A, p. 170. 54 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD of going with his father, when a boy, to haul timber from the bed of the pond. Thus it remained for more than a hundred years, until Gen. Leech, in 1824, filled up the old breach in its banks and it was again filled with water. HIGHWAY TO JOHN RICHARDSON's MILL, In 1707, the year that John Richardson's iron works were established, at the mouth of Stony brook, a road was laid out to it, which is thus described: "February the: 21: 1707 A high Way Laid out from Stony Brook to John Richardson mill bounded as foloweth begining at the high Way that Leads from John Snows to the meting hous this sd way bounded 2 : Roods wide by marked trees and so a Long to Dunstable Road near Stony Brook bridg."* I think this is the road which starts near the house of Patrick Savage, near Dist. No. 7 schoolhouse, passing the present house of A. M. Blaisdell and near that of the late E. F. Richardson. Mill street in North Chelmsford is probably a part of this old road. One object of this road at that time may have been to obtain a shorter route to their supply of bog ore, for Allen in a note written after his book was published speaks of "An ineshaustible bed of bog ore on the farm of Robert Richardson, late Mr. Andrew Spalding's." Robert Richardson, at that time, lived upon the place now occupied by the family of the late Henry R. Hodson, and a narrow road runs directly from their premises to the road above described. HERDING OF CATTLE AND FENCING IN COMMON. In the early days of the Town, before each farm was enclosed by fences, the cattle were allowed to range over the common lands, under certain restrictions. Each neighborhood had a prescribed range for its herd, which must have had a keeper to protect the cattle from wild beasts and to prevent them from encroaching upon planted fields. The term Field Driver may have originated from this custom. The Colony passed laws especially protecting the Indians' planting-fields, ordering that "the English shall keep their Cattle from destroying the Indians' Com." Large fields, in one case over two hundred acres, were fenced and used in common. •Second book, copy p. 72. THE BEGINNING 55 All these communal arrangements served to bring the people into closer relations one with another, and furnished a strong reason why only such should be admitted as inhabitants of the town as would work in harmony with such necessary regulations. The vote relating to herding reads, "7: 1 : [16] 71 its ordred Concerning herding of Cattell that From Cros Bridge to henry Bowtells shall bee one herd 2 From Cros brige to Moses Barrens shall bee an other herd 3 From Thommas Barrets to Robertt procters And John backe shall bee an other herd 4 From George Biams to Arthur warrens shall be an other heard and that if Any person shall Neglect to put ther Catell to the herd they shall pay ther preportion of herding and twelve pence a beast over and Above"* The first range mentioned in this order was from the center of the town to Stedman street, where the line between Chelmsford and Lowell crosses that street. The second was from the Center to where the road to Concord branches from the Boston road. The third was from the present residence of Chas. W. Byam, on the south side of Robins hill, around the hill towards Geo. A. Byam's. It is impossible to define the limits of the fourth range because we are unable to locate the habitation of Arthur Warren in 1671, except that it was in the "West end" probably beyond Geo. A. Byam's towards Heart pond. A former vote passed in 1667 provided that "such as Live remoat shall have Liberty to choose their heards and have Cows and working cattell exempted. "f The management of the swine seemed to be the cause of a good deal of trouble owing to the destructive tendencies of those useful animals. Hog Reeves were annually chosen whose duties were, as described in one entry, "to oversee swine and keep them in order." Swine were allowed to run at large but the number that any one man was allowed to keep upon the public lands depended upon the amount of land which he possessed. In 1683 "it was voated that eury inhabitant beeing an house holder shall have librty to keep to swine vp on the Common and eury tenne Acer loot the propriettors ther of haue liberty to keep Four swine on the Common And so eury man Acording to his enlarged loott to keep swine to *FirBt book, p. 106. tFirst book, p. 173. 56 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD ther priuilege Acording to A boue a tenn A cer lott And hee that keeps more swine then Acording to this order on the Common shall pay fine shillens evry swine so fownd on the Common as a penalty for his trespas"* The regulations made to prevent damage by a too free use of piggy's snout must have been very annoying to that humble creature. In 1681, "ordered that all Swine Aboue three moth old shall bee soffitiently Ringed in the midell of the Nose Constantly and Youcked From the tenth day of Aprill ontill the Twentith day of octobor: soffitiently on penality of sixe pence a swine for wante of either youck or Ringe and twellue pence a Swine for wante of boath and this penality to bee paid to the officer Appointed or to Any other on the empownding of such swine with all other damages For empownding or leagall Conuiction of the owners of the swine." f And these regulations were enforced. On account of trespass done by Abraham Parker's eight swine, they were impounded "Fouer times in the same year" Owners of horses or cattle that do damage to meadows must pay such sum as may be appraised. In order that the breed of horses might not deteriorate, stallions must be approved by the selectmen. "28 the 12 mo 1670 mr John Fiske pastor presenting a sorell stone horse with a white face which for said horse the selectt men Do Aprove of to Answer the law wittnes in the Name of the selectt men Sam Adames cleT"t Henry Bowtell's white stone horse was also approved the same year. With cattle, sheep and swine running at large, fences required much supervision. Sometimes as many as eight fence viewers were chosen. The selectmen ordered, 1677, that all fences should be made "sofitient Against great cattell." Such fences would not be a protection against sheep, and in 1681 it was ordered "that No Sheepe shall goe vp on the Common of this towne with out a Kepper" [Keeper]. ♦First book, p. 175. tFirst book, p. 168. jFiret book, p. 103. THE BEGINNING 57 Wild beasts, particularly wolves, caused such destruction to the flocks and danger to the people that a bounty of ten shillings was paid for each wolf killed. In 1692 the town paid for seventeen. The largest number taken by one person was by Moses Parker, "seven wolfs." In 1690 the town set apart a large tract of land in the north part of the town, extending from the Merrimack river westward to Groton, and in width from Deep brook to the Dunstable line (now Tyngsboro), "for to kepe a dri herd of chattells [cattle] and Shep"* SHEEP PASTURE — ROBINS HILL. In 1697 it was proposed to use Robins hill for a common sheep pasture. Three men, "Cap bowers Ephrem hildreth and samuell foster are Chosen a commity to draw up Artickels in order to the keping a flock of shep in a publick way upon Robins hill — and prasent them to the town the next town meeting"! NEWFIELD. A common field was laid out much earlier than those last mentioned, upon the Merrimack interval, north of Stony brook. It consisted of 214 acres, in lots of six acres each. It was owned by 22 proprietors, some of whom owned several lots. The largest owner was Benjamin Butterfield, who held seven lots, 42 acres. The field was enclosed by a fence, and, doubtless, used in common, by these owners, for pasturage. It was called Newfield, and that name came to be applied to all that part of the town now North Chelmsford. In 1667 a committee consisting of Lieut. Foster, Daniel Blodgett, and Jacob Parker were appointed by the Selectmen "to state to euery propriator in the New field there proportions of fence." The committee reported: "Acres of Land: 214: Length of fence : 555. due to A Lott of : 6 : Acres : 2 pole &: 10 foot of fence" | In 1659 a committee was appointed "to state the fence one the other parts of the said feild & they did find 2 pole and 6 foote to euery Acre Lying in the same order that the other doth * * *" *First book, p. 184. tFirst book, p. 233. JFirst book, p. 110. 68 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD MILLSTONES. Some of the Town's action, calculated to restrain individual enterprise, would, at first view, appear to be prompted by a narrow spirit, thus: "Millestones [in margin] 26 March 1678 the selectt men orderd as Foloeth For the good of the towne thatt if Any person what so euer shall take to worke or worke vp Any stone for a mill bee it for Corne or sider or Any other mill and make [s]all of the same stone or stones to Any other person then of this towne such person so selling shall pay to the vse of the towne the simi of twenty shillens a stone in money For euery stone so sould out of the town and no stone or stones as Aboue is to bee transported out of this township vntill this order bee satiffied datted the 26 March 1678 by order of the selecttmen: by Samell Adames" Gierke* And in 1689 it was "agred that no bordse or timber sho[u]ld be sovld ovte of this tovne comon land vpon penalltie of painge one shiling for evj hvndred of bord"t The common lands being held for the benefit of the community in general, nothing must be taken from them, for private profit, which would impair their value. Millstone hill is situated in the extreme northwest corner of the present town of Westford. As timber came to have a money value, upon the stump, it was voted, 1698, "that the owners of all saw mills in our towne except the first that improue the Towns Timber into bords shall pay two shilings a thousand in corn for the use of the Towne" LAW AFFECTING TAVERNERS. Our forefathers had their temperance problems no less than we of the present day. The Colony passed laws forbidding tippling at inns, and fines were prescribed for drunkenness, and, lest the attractions of the tavern might cause some to neglect their religious duties. It was ordered "That in all places where Week-day Lectures are kept, all Taverners, Victuallers and Ordinaries, that are within one mile of the Meeting-house to which they belong, shall from time to time clear their Houses of all persons able to go to Meeting, during the time of the exercise" J * * ♦ ♦First book, p. 146. tFiret book, p. 185. iLaws and Liberties, p. 83. THE BEGINNING 59 It is to be feared that this provision fell into disuse, for it appears, from the diary of Rev. Ebenezer Bridge, at a later period, that at one time he discontinued the weekly lecture, on account of the bad conduct of those who went to the tavern upon lecture days. "lICKERS" to INDIANS. The people in the early days consumed much rum and strong beer, but they soon discovered that such drinks were bad for Indians and sale to them was prohibited. One case of the en- forcement of that law appears upon our town records (First Book, p. 150). "the 24 day of march 1678-9 Abraham Parker senior with his tew sonnes moses an Isack weare Acused for seling of strong lickers to seuerall endians Contrary to the law established thay doe each of them frely Acknolege ther Faulte ther in And doe heare by bind them selues severaly vnto the selectt men of Chelms- ford neuer hear after to sell Any more stronge lickers to Any Indians" The oldest tax list that has been preserved is that of 1671. It contains sixty-two names, the minister not being included. This shows that in the first sixteen years after the incorporation of the Town the number of families had increased three fold. The record seems of sufficient interest to be given in full 30th 3 mo 1671 The Selectt men of Chelmsford madde this Rate as Foloeth for the payment of the Townes Ingagement to the m'nester Thomas Adames Thomas Chamberlin sen Thomas Chamberlin jun Beniamin Spaulding Joseph Spaulding Joshuah Flecher George Biam John perham En will Flecher John Battes John Coborn Robert Coborn Edward Coborn Thomas Coborn Edward Coborn sen John Wright James Richenson 2 14 1 13 19 — 19 8 18 13 4 1 11 1 01 8 3 1 16 14 16 15 4 12 9 1 18 9 1 05 1 05 / 60 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD John Sheply Jun 12 8 Beniamin Buterfeild 2 05 4 Jonathan Buterfeild 1 05 DanieU Bloggett 1 10 2 Nathaniell Buterfeild 19 4 Robertt Procttor 2 09 10 John Barrett 1 19 8 George Robines 13 Edmond Chamberlin 13 Thomas Corry 12 JohnBauke 14 6 Johnwadell 17 6 John Sheply sen 14 6 John Blanchard 1 10 4 will vnderwood 1 07 4 Edward Spaulding 16 Richard hildreth 1 16 2 Sarah parker 1 05 8 Samuell varnum 1 16 Joseph Barrett 1 10 4 Abraham parker 2 15 4 Jacob warren 09 Left Samuell Foster 2 12 2 william woodhead 07 Andrew Spaulding 13 4 Jerathmell Bowers 07 [ ] Thomas Copper 06 4 mr Thom Hinchman 2 16 4 Joseph perkis 17 8 Joseph Farwell 1 09 8 John Stevens 12 4 John parker 09 4 John Spaulding 19 4 JohnBurge 1 14 10 AmbrosSwalow 10 4 Francis Goold 13 James hildreth 1 09 mr Cornclios walldow 3 03 4 Samuell Fletcher 1 01 8 Henry Bowtell 1 01 8 Moses Barron 17 10 MrJohnFiskeJun 1 04 Josiah Richenson 1 19 4 Thomas Barrett 1 00 2 Samuell Adames 1 12 5 Solomon Keies 1 01 8 To so much ped over by the last yers Ratt 15 Totallis 80 01 ' 3 THE BEGINNING 61 At the time of Mr. Fiske's settlement as pastor he was promised, as we have seen, fifty pounds for the first year and "to pay his maintinence as the Lord shall enable us for the future." The above amount, eighty pounds, shows that the Lord had enabled them to make a very substantial increase in their minister's salary. In the tax list of the following year, 1672, there appears against nearly one-half the names an enumeration of the stock and real estate assessed. About an average estate is that of George Byam "2 heads 2 mares 4 Cowes 2 of 2 yer old 8 sheepe 1 swine 8 Acres land bowsing." The land was probably only that which had been improved and "bowsing" included all the buildings. CARE OF POOR. But little appears upon the records to show what provision was made for the support of the poor. John Martin at the "South end" applied to the General Court for assistance, receiving the reply that the "Court declares yt ye releife of poore persons concemes the toune to wch they doe belong * * * " They preferred to relieve the wants of the needy by individual contributions rather than levy a tax for the purpose. In 1696-7 "the inhabitance are not wiling to grant mony to releue the por to be raised by way of reat but promis to do it by a Contrybution--" Later the destitute were cared for in families at the expense of the town, but not until 1820 did the town purchase a farm and house for the support of the poor. CLUBS IN MEETING HOUSE. In 1671 we find the first intimation of danger from the Indians, with whom the people had thus far been at peace. Evidently, the Indians were manifesting symptoms of uneasiness at the growing strength of their white neighbors, whom they attempted to destroy in the conflict which broke with such fury upon the colonies four years later in King Philip's war. The men were ordered to bring clubs with them to the meeting house. The record reads: 25 the 5th mo 1671 It is ordred by the Selectt men For severall Considerations espetialy For the preseruation of peace That with in one moneth After the Date hear of euery malle person 62 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD with in our towne Above the Age of Fiueten years shall prouid a good Clube of Fouer or Fiue Foot in Hngth with a knobe in the end and to bringe the same to the meeting house ther to leaue the same vntill ocation fore use of it. sicmed the Name of the Rest By- Sam Adames clerke* town's house on robins hill. Two years later, the Town built a house upon Robins hill, the purpose of which is not clear. It was neither sufficiently large nor substantial for a garrison house, being of one room, 16 X 18, covered with but a single thickness of boards, and with but one window. The fact that Indian troubles were brewing, and that the committee appointed to select its location, Lieut. Samuel Foster and Ensign William Fletcher, were both officers in the "foot company," would indicate that it was intended to serv^e some military purpose. The place was admirably adapted for a lookout from which to discover and warn people of approach- ing danger. stockade — signalling. Several years before, the friendly Wamesits had built a stockade upon Fort hill, now Rogers park, in Lowell, to protect themselves from their dreaded foes, the Mohawks. There was a tradition, related to me many years ago by an old man, that these Indians signalled across from Fort hill to high points in Chelmsford. ROBINS hill house. The following is the wording of the contract for the house upon Robins hill: 7 of octtobor 1673 Att a general metting Acording tv the towne order thes Foloing * * * Articls of agreement made the seventh Day of October on thousand sixe hundreth seventy and three bettwine the inhabitants of Chelmsford and Joseph barrett of the same place 1 The said Joseph barrett Doth promis and Ingage to buld a house of eighten Foott longe and sixten foott wid and eight Foott stud and to Do all the worke belonging to the same From the stump to the finishing of the same and to Find ♦First book, p. 108. THE BEGINNING 63 bords For the hole house and lay the Flowers and Dobell bord the Roofe and bord the sids and ends and to make the Chemly and Dore and window and to Find stones and Clay and to Finish the said house att or beefore the last Day of March Next insewing the Date above 2 The inhabitants of Chelmsford Do promise and hearby ingage to pay vnto the Forsaid barett in full satiffacttion for the house Aforsaid the Just sum of twelve pownds in towne pay that is such as the towne Can produce and to pay the same twelve powds att or beefore the tenth Day of octtobor in the yeare onthousand sixe hundreth seventy and Foure as wittnes in the behalfe of the towne the Date above AUso it was agreed vpon that the towne Sam Adames shold Find Naills for the whole house Clerke* Upon the same date "It was voated that all male persons From the Age of Twelve years to sixtey shall every one worke one Day in the yeare For the Clearing of Robins hill" the selectmen to "Apoint a man to lead on the worke either ther or else whear" JOSEPH BARRETT. Joseph Barrett had a double motive for doing faithful work when he built the house for the town, for, when completed, it was promptly occupied by Francis Gould, whose daughter, Martha, the builder had married the year before. GOOLE. Goold, or Gould, signed an agreement with the selectmen, stating that "I have taken to hier the house and land that I now live in of the selecttmen of the towne For which house and land I Do couenatt with thm to pay yearly the simi of one peck of endian Corn For the towns use as wittnes my hand this last tuseday in Desembor 1 673 " Francis Goold his mark Gould and his wife. Rose, had a family of five small children, and others older, to occupy this one room cottage, which had but a single thickness of boarding to protect its inmates from the blasts of winter. Francis and Rose Gould have many descendants living today, one of whom is Hon. Samuel L. Powers. The fact that only a nominal rent was required, sufficient only to acknowledge the Town's ownership in the property, plainly *Fir8tbook, p. 116. 64 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD implies that the occupant was to render to the Town some service as an equivalent for the use of the property, or else that the family were in circumstances requiring aid from the Town. The most reasonable supposition is that he was to maintain a lookout and warn the inhabitants in case of any discovered peril. GALUSHA. Gould remained in the house until his death, March 27, 1676. In October, following, his daughter, Hannah, married Daniel Galusha, a Dutchman, who paid the Town the peck of corn due for rent and leased the house and seven acres of land for the term of seven years for which he was to pay as an acknowledgment of his grant from the Town "say one peck and halfe of Come yerly" The one condition stated in the contract was "that he distorbe not his mother Gools peaceabl living in the house"* Galusha remained in the house three years when, his mother- in-law, Gould, having died, his request to leave the house was granted. Later he removed to Dunstable, where the family had a sad experience. At the assault upon that town, by the Indians, on the night of July 3, 1706, his house, upon Salmon river, was attacked and burned. Galusha escaped and one of the women of the household fled from the flames and saved herself from the savages by hiding in the underbrush, but his daughter, Rachel, f was killed. INTEREST IN PUBLIC AFFAIRS. Difhcult as were the conditions of existence in this new settlement the people maintained a lively interest in public affairs. After the accession of King Charles II, when his displeasure was manifested toward the Colony and the Charter was felt to be in danger, Chelmsford was among the towns which sent petitions to the General Court, declaring their satisfaction in the present government, and expressing their earnest desire that the same might be continued. MIGRATION. About 1690, and for several years after, there was quite a migration of families to Connecticut to found the new town of ♦First book, p. 131. 1Born at Chelmsford. Sept. 14, 1683. THE BEGINNING 65 Canterbury. They were Capt. Joseph, Samuel, David and David Adams, Samuel and Josiah Cleveland, Jacob Warren, Joseph, William and Edward Spaulding, Eleazer Brown and probably others. Some of these became prominent in the affairs of that town. Jacob Warren, Joseph Spaulding and Saml. Adams were chosen on the first board of Selectmen, and Eleazer Brown was Deacon of the ch\irch. DEATH OF MR. FISKE. After twenty years of faithful service the aged pastor. Rev. John Fiske, became physically unable to carry the burdens of his labors alone, and the town took measures to procure him an assistant in the ministry. The following is the wording of the record : The 13 Day of the 10 mo 1675 att a Genorall metting of inhabitants of Chelmsford was voated as Foloeth lly in Consideration of mr Fisks Age and infermitis Acompaning the same ther is ned of sum hilpe to Joine with mr Fiske in the woorke of the minestry 21y that besids the eighty pownds Formerly grauntid yerly to the minestry ther shall be Fourty pownds more Raised — yearly For the obtaining of mr Clarke to bee a help in the worke Aforsaid if hee may bee Attained Recorded by order of the selecttmen the 28 10 1675 Sam Adams clerk* Mr. Fiske now rapidly declined in health, although he con- tinued his labors notwithstanding his weakness. "On the second Lord's day of his confinement by illness, after he had been many Lord's days carried to church in a chair, and preached as in primative times sitting * * * on January 14, 1676-7 he saw a rest from his labors." Mr. Fiske's will is dated June 18, 1674. It is a lengthy docimient written by himself in an excellent hand. His library was appraised at £60, and the entire estate at £703-3-10, including 154 acres of land, 1 pair oxen, 4 cows, 1 mare, 12 sheep, carpet, 7 quishions and 4 silver spoons. His gift, or legacy, of a silver communion cup to the church has been in use to the present time. The cup was made by John Dixwell, Jr., son of the regicide Judge of that name. He was a goldsmith at Boston. On the bottom of the cup is stamped ♦Firet book, p. 129. 66 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD the maker's mark, a fleur-de-lis, and his initials, I. D., and sur- rounding it the letters, I. F. L. C. C. — John Fiske's Legacy, Chelmsford Church. He is buried in "Forefather's" cemetery, but the exact spot is not known, as there are no inscriptions of so early a date. A memorial cenotaph has been recently erected in the cemetery by the Fiske family of Chelmsford, to commemorate the life and virtues of the First Pastor of the Chelmsford Chiirch, the Rev. John Fiske. SETTLEMENT OF REV. THOS. CLARKE. Rev. Thomas Clark, who had been Mr. Fiske's assistant, was now, upon the death of the latter, called to the pastorate, ^nd, as a settlement in the ministry was, in those days, expected to continue during the pastor's life, the relation was entered into with great deliberation and a thorough understanding between pastor and people, as the following, from the records, will show: Articls of Agreement bettwine mr Thomas Clerke And the inhabitants of Chelmsford in order to mr Clarks settellment in the ministry for time to Com in Chelmsford are as Foloeth 1 Firstly it is Agred beetwine both parties that the inhabitants of Chelmsford do pay yearly to the said Clarke the Just and full sum of eightey pownds in maner as Foloeth Twenty pounds in Ciu-ent mony and sixtey pounds in provision viz fortey-pownds in Corn of all sortes as God giues and the other twenty pownd in porke Beefe and other flish beefe not exseding . tow pence halfe peny p pownd more over its allso Agred that the towne shall soply mr Clerk with wood sofitient for his family use yearly which is by Agreement thirty cord yearly 2 Secondly it is allso Agreed that the said towne shall pay sixty pownds in mony towards the parchas of Corsers land lying in Chelmsford and that thay build an house vp on the said land which house shall bee forty foott in length twenty in bredth fiveten in stud and a kiching Adioyning of sixten foot square tenne foott stud prouided that the said Clark shall pay on Quarter partt of what this bulding shall Cost 3 Thirdly it is Agred that the said towne make an Adition to the salary Above stated if he stand in nede and the towne bee Abell ther to 4 Fourthly that the selectt men shall stand ingaged yearly to the performance of the Aboue Agreements by making a Rate and proporsining the Inhabitants his partt of the Forsaid sum and leuey the same. 5 Fifthly its Agred that his yearly salary shall bee paid with in the yeare THE BEGINNING 67 Finaly it is Agred that if the said mr Clarke do growndlisly remov[e] and leave the worke of his ministry in Chelmsford then the said land and house as Above shall rettorne into the hands of the towne of Chelmsford thay paying to mr Gierke what hee hath expendid towards the parches and bulding and bettring the Acomendatione And For A confirmation of this Agrement As above this fifth day of the Twelfth mont[h] one thousand sixe hundreth seventy and seuen wee have sett to our hands Thomas Clarke: Samell Adams Clerk in the Name of the Inhabitants* This house which the town provided for Mr. Clarke was certainly of ample proportions, being 40 x 20, two stories in height, with an ell 16 feet square for a kitchen. There is good reason to believe that the house was the parson- age later occupied by his successors in the ministry. Rev. Samson Stoddard, and Rev. Ebenezer Bridge, and, if so, it is still standing. It stood upon the site of the present passenger depot, and was removed to its present location upon Littleton road, when the railroad was put through the village in 1872. It is now known as the railroad house. The house has been enlarged by the addition of a wing facing upon Littleton road. The old part facing east corresponds in width and height to the house built for Mr. Clarke, although now somewhat longer. When the house was remodelled about twenty years ago, the walls of one room were found lined up with plank. In the "Settlemt of the Garrison in the Wt Regiment of Middx. March, 1691/2" five families were assigned to Mr. Thomas Clarke's house, besides his own. The meaning of this is that these families were to resort to his house for safety, in case of an Indian attack. This fact explains the object of the plank lining found in the walls of this old house, and supports the belief that is it the identical house built by the town for Mr. Clarke two hundred and twenty-seven years ago. [This was written in 1904.] Mr. Clarke acknowledges over his own signature that "the purchas of Corsers land and bulding a house on the same is fully performed by the inhabitants" * * * 27th 11 mo 1679 Rev. Thomas Clarke was born in Cambridge, March 2, 1652-3. His father was the Ruling Elder of the church, Jonas Clarke. He graduated from Harvard University in 1670. ♦First book, p. 144. 68 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD He served, probably as chaplain, in the Narragansett cam- paign, in King Philip's war, as the following record of his services show: October 17, 1676 "Mr Thomas Clarke, minister, being seven weekes in the aimy at Narraganset, & officiating at the request of the comander in chiefe during that time, the Court judgeth it meete to grant him sixe pounds money to be payd by the trestirer."* There is very little material from which to form an estimation of Mr. Clarke's character. Mr. Allen, writing more than eighty years ago, could find "neither chiu-ch records, manuscript sermons," nor "cotemporary notices" relating to him. It appears from the town records that he made few requests of the Town, and these in every case were granted, the most of them unanimously. He soon concluded that, rather than take three-quarters of his salary in grain, "porke beefe and other flesh" he would prefer to try a smaller salary to be paid in money, and, accordingly, in 1679, the selectmen made another agreement with him, that, for the next three years, he was to be paid yearly seventy pounds "in spesy" [specie]. By some means he became indebted to the town the same year for the sum of seven pounds and ten shillings, which he acknowledges upon the Town book (p. 150). At the end of two years from the date of the above arrange- ment, they returned again to the original agreement of 80 pounds in money and provisions, and, at the same time, "7 the 12 mo 1681" Mr. Clarke's debt was "by a vnanimus voat of the towne * * * Freely Forgiuen him" * * * With such a great scarcity of ready money as existed at that time, it must have been very difficult for the town to pay their minister wholly in specie. It seems that the minister did not find 30 cords of wood enough to keep his house warm, and the Town voted "30 of octobor 1683 * * * Mr Thomas Clerke shall have Forty Cord of wood alowed him by the towne yearly" The Town also granted him 10 acres of land near Beaver brook "22: 11: 1680" In 1688 Mr. Clarke asked of the Town an increase in his salary, which was granted unanimously, as appears by the following vote. •Sibley's Han*ard Graduates, Vol. 2. p. 322. THE BEGINNING 69 This seuenth day of Febuary 1687-8 mr Thomas Gierke requesting of the inhabitants that his yearly salary may be inlarged to which the Inhabitants doe Answer and Agree vnaimosly that mr Clark shall have paid him yearly on hundreth pownd that is twenty pownds in Ctirrent mony and eightey pownds in Come of all sortes at the price as it goeth From man to man in the towne not respectting the Country and this to bee paid the one halfe of mony and Come eury halfe year which is in full satiffacttion of the former Agrementt for mony Come Flesh and wood to which mr Thomas Clarke doth Asent to And Acsept of as wittnes my hand the day Above in the behalfe of both parties Samell Adams* clerk From these transactions, showing that every request made by Mr. Clarke was cheerfully granted, it is manifest that harmonious relations existed between the pastor and his people, and that he was held by them in affectionate regard. WITCHCRAFT. The witchcraft delusion occurred during Mr. Clarke's ministry and there was one suspected case at Chehnsford. The good sense displayed by Mr. Clarke in handling the matter shows him to have been free from that fanaticism which had seized upon the minds of the people at Salem with such disastrous consequences. The circumstances of the case are related in Mather's Magnaliaif "There was at Chelmsford an afflicted person, that in her fits cried out against a woman, a neighbor, which Mr. Clark, the minister of the Gospel there, could not believe to be guilty of such a crime, and it hapned while that woman milked her cow, the cow struck her with one horn upon her forehead and fetched blood; and while she was thus bleeding a spectre in her likeness appeared to the party afflicted; who, pointing at the spectre, one struck at the plase, and the afflicted said, 'you have made her forehead bleed;' hereupon some went unto the woman and found her forehead bloody and acquainted Mr. Clarke of it; who fortunate went to the woman and asked, 'how her forehead became bloody?' ♦First book, p. 183. tVol. 2, p. 478. 70 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD and she answered, 'by a blow of a cow-horn,' as abovesaid ; whereby he was satisfied, that it was design of Satan to render an innocent person suspected." The diary of Chief Justice Samuel Sewall, of Boston, mentions a visit to Chelmsford, in 1702, when he enjoys the hospitality of Mr. Clarke, but, unfortunately for us, he does not record his impressions of the man. He says: "Monday Octr 26. 1702 * * * Went to Chehnsford, by that time got there twas almost dark. Saw Capt Bowers and his Company; Gave a Volley and Huzza's. Supid at Mr. Clark's; I and Col. Pierce in his study."* We find one allusion to Mr. Clarke in the records of the Brattle Street church, Boston, which reveals his character in a very favorable light. It was at the time when that house of worship was new, and the church was having serious differences and troubles with their neighbors, (ministers and others) about their proceedings. The clerk "records in the Church Book an Acknowlegment of their great Obligations to * * '^ the Rev Mr. Clark of Chelmsford," and others, "for their good and kind Endeavours for their peaceable Settlement."! Mrs. Mary Clarke, the wife of the minister, died Dec. 2, 1700. He again married, Oct. 2, 1702, Miss EHzabeth Whiting, the daughter of Rev. Samuel Whiting of Billerica,t who survived him many years. Mr. Clarke's death occurred Dec. 4, 1704. The following brief account of it is found in Judge Sewall's diary, p. 118. Deer. 7th. Mr. Clark of Chelmsford dies of a fever; was taken very suddenly the Friday before, after he had been at a Funeral: buried the 11th. The Fairfield manuscript journal contains the following appreciative notice of him. "A great loss to all our towns, and especially to the frontier towns on that side of the country, who are greatly weakened with the loss of such a worthy man"§ Something may be judged of a man by his descendants. Those of Mr. Clarke have been people of intelligence and force of character. The most distinguished among them was his great grandson, the patriot Governor, John Hancock. *Sewal! Papers, Vol. 2, p. 67. tSibley'a Harvard Graduates, Vol. 2, p. 322. JAllen. IMass. H. C, Vol. 9. p. 195. THE BEGINNING 71 The epitaph upon Mr. Clarke's grave stone, in Forefathers' cemetery, is in Latin : MEMENTO FUGIT MORI HORA Huic pulveri Mandatag sunt Reliquiae Revdi Dom Thoas Clark Gregis Christi Chelmsf : Pastoris Eximij, qui fide & spe Beatae Resurrectionis amima in sinum Jesfi Expiravit Die o VII Decembr, Anno Dom MDCCIV & i^tatis suae LIL* The following receipt shows the cost of the monument : "Chelmsford 17th Nov. 1708 "Recievd of Mr. William Fletcher the sum of fifty shillings in money to be bestowed for a monument over the grave of the Rev. Mr. Thomas Clark late of Chelmsford deceased: it being the donations of sundry persons in Chelmsford for that use. I say received by me. "John Hancock." The signer of this receipt was Mr. Clarke's son-in-law, Rev. John Hancock, of North Cambridge, now Lexington, and the grandfather of the Governor. ♦Here to the dust are committed the remains of the Reverend Master Thomas Clark, the distinguished pastor of the flock of Christ in Chelmsford, who, in the faith and hope of a blessed resurrection, breathed forth his soul into the bosom of Jesus the 7th of December, in the year of the Lord 1704, and the 52nd of his age. [W.] CHAPTER II. EARLY GRANTS— THE INDIANS. EARLY GRANTS. THE Charter of Massachusetts Bay, given by King Charles I, in 1629, granted "all that part of America lying and being in breadth from forty degrees of northerly latitude from the Equin- oxial line to forty-eight degrees of the said northerly latitude inclusively, and in length of and within all the breadth aforesaid throughout the main lands from sea to sea." The maps of the previous century gave the extent of the Continent northward as much less than it is in reality, and some people in England as late as 1651 believed that the Pacific Coast was at the foot of the western slope of the Alleghanies. [Narr. and Crit. Hist, of America, Vol. II. p. 456.] The Charter continues: "All that part of New England in America aforesaid, which lies and extends between a great river there, commonly called Monomack, alias Merriemack, and a certain other river there, called Charles river, being in the bottom of a certain bay there, commonly called Massachusetts. * * * And also all * * * those lands lying within the space of three English miles on the south part of the said part of the said Charles river * * * and also all * * * the lands lying * * * within the space of three English miles to the southward of the southermost part of the said bay * * * and also all those lands * * * which lie * * * within the space of three English miles to the northward of the said river called Monomack, alias Merrymack, or to the northward of any and every part thereof, and all lands and hereditaments whatsoever, lying within the limits aforesaid, north and south in latitude and breadth, and in length and longi- tude of and within all the breadth aforesaid, throughout the mainland there, from the Atlantic and western sea and ocean on the east part to the south sea on the west part." EARLY GRANTS—THE INDIANS 73 De Monts, Champlain and Capt. John Smith are all three claimants to the title of discoverer of the Merrimack. De Monts named it for himself, but the name did not obtain acceptance. Champlain called it "la riviere du Gua," after one of his associates. Captain John Smith, who explored this locality in 1614, named the Charles for his King, and allowed the Merrimack to retain its Indian name. Cowley says: "Like all the great rivers on the Atlantic coast, the Merrimack pursues a southerly course, but after following this course from Franklin (N. H.) to Tyngs- borough, a distance of eighty miles, the Merrimack, unlike any other stream on the Atlantic, makes a detour to the northeast, and even runs part of the way northwest. It is obviously unnatural, that, after approaching within twenty miles of the head waters of the Saugus, as the Merrimack does, on entering Massachusetts, it should suddenly change its course, and pursue a circuitous route of more than forty miles to the sea. If the history of bygone ages could be restored, we should probably find the Merrimack discharging its burden at Lynn, and not at Newburyport." Samuel Maverick, in his "Description of New England" (1660), says: "Above Twelve miles above Watter Town is an In-land Towne called Concord. It lieth on the River Meromack I conceive about 20 miles above the first falls but good passing on it there in small Boats from place to place. They subsist in Husbandry and breeding of Catle." This was, undoubtedly, written with no knowledge of the grants first to Cambridge and then to Chelmsford settlers and others, after Maverick had removed, but makes Concord to include the land thus granted, even to the Merrimack. Maverick describes Wobum: "Power or five miles above Mouldon [Maiden] West is a more considerable town called Woobume, they live by ffumishing the Sea Townes with Provisions as Come and Plesh, and also they ffumish the Merchants with such goods to be exported." Of Wenham he says: "Six Miles from this Towne [Ipswich] lyeth a Town Called Wenham seated about a great Lake or Pond which abounds with all manner of ffresh ffish, and such Comodities as other places have it affordeth." Wobum and Wenham and Concord helped to settle Chelms- ford. 74 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD May 13, 1640, the General Court granted to Mrs. Margaret Winthrop, widow of the late Governor John Winthrop, three thou- sand acres of land, and the next year this was assigned about the lower end of Concord river, near Merrimack. This was east of the Concord and south of the Merrimack. Thirty acres of meadow were granted on the west side of the Concord, to compensate for poor land on the east side. In 1642 the report of those appointed to view it was that it was generally ordinary land, not of the best: "neither did wee see any medowe worth the mentioning there about, except a parcell on the west side of Concord Ryver which wee conceive may bee some 30 acres," which (as there were some Indians holding land within the large grant, and there being "no medow of any worth there") was also granted her. This was in Wamesit, and is mentioned in Tyng's deed of 1686, as excluded from the Wamesit purchase. In a later document, twenty-one acres of this is described as lying on the west side Concord river at the upper end of the meadow there, and is bounded about by the bounds of Chelmsford Township in that place, and below by a pine tree marked near the meadow side, and so runs cross the meadow to a stake that stands on the west side of a cove that runs toward Chelmsford field, not taking in the cove. [See also Mass. Bay Records, Vol. IV, pt. 2, p. 109.] In 1661 Mr. Deane Winthrop petitioned to have the land laid out for the use of the heirs, and Thomas Addams of Chelmsford was one of the committee appointed. The land (or part of it) included in the Chelmsford grant was originally given to Cam- bridge, June 2, 1641, and June 14, 1642. The language is: All the land lying upon Shawshin Ryver, and between that and Merrimack Ryver, not formerly granted by this Court, are granted to Cambridge, so as they erect a village there within five years, and so as it shall not extend to prejudice Charlestown village [Woburn], or the village of Cochitawit [Andover] &c. This grant was confirmed absolutely March 7, 1643-4, and included the present town of Billerica, portions of Bedford and Carlisle, and a part of Tewksbury or of Chelmsford, or of both, [Paige's History of Cambridge, page 3.] The record is as follows : "Shawshin is granted to Cambridg wth out any condition of makeing a village there; & the land between them & Concord is granted them, all save what is formly granted to the Millitary company or others, pvided the church & psent elders continue at Cambridge." EARLY GRANTS— THE INDIANS 75 This liberal grant was made to induce Mr. Shepherd and his church to remain in Cambridge, and not emigrate to Connecticut as Thomas Hooker and his company had done. Shepherd was the son-in-law of Hooker, who tu-ged him to follow him to Connecticut. (Hazen's Billerica.) In 1652, under a commission from the government of the Colony, the river (Merrimack) was explored by Captain Simon Willard and Captain Edward Johnson as far as Lake Winne- pesavikee. In the same year certain inhabitants of Concord and Wobum petitioned the General Court for the privilege of ex- amining the region at the confluence of the Concord and Merrimack with the intention of making a settlement, which was accomplished the next year. The Town of Chelmsford was settled in 1653, and incorporated May 29, 1655. THE INDIANS. At the time (1604) when the Sieur de Champlain discovered the Merrimack the region between the Concord and Merrimack rivers, afterwards called Concord Neck, and up to the Pawtucket falls, was the rendezvous of the Pawtucket or Pennacook Indians, the foremost of the five New England tribes, numbering, prior to the great plague in 1617, several thousand souls. The territory over which they roamed included all of what is now New Hampshire. Wamesit, at the confluence of the rivers, Merrimack and Concord, was their capital or headquarters, and these streams attracted the red men on account of the abundant supply of fish which they afforded. "Merrimack" means sturgeon, and this fish with salmon, shad, and alewives were easily taken in goodly numbers. "It was no unusual spectacle to see thousands of the dusky sons and daughters of the forest encamped here in the season of Spring, catching with rude stratagem their winter's store of fish. Aside from this periodical convention of Indians this region contained one or two villages of more permanent inhabitants — one at Pawtucket falls and another at Massick or Wamesit falls." [Cowley.] Within the bounds of the Lowell cemetery, during the progress of improvements, there have been exhumed, in past years, a large number of human bones, which would indicate that this was a burying place of the Indians. Near the Concord river a large skeleton, presimiably that of an Indian chief, was found buried in what appeared to be charcoal. It was in a sitting posture, 76 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD facing the east, and the skull seemed to have been broken by the blow of a tomahawk. Another skeleton seemed to indicate that the chief's squaw had been buried near him. A ntmiber of Indian fireplaces, constructed with stones, and of circular form have been discovered in this vicinity, at a depth of four or five feet below the surface of the ground, indicating great antiquity. The purpose of this History requires but a brief account of the Indian inhabitants of this region. Extended narratives may be found in the writings of Gookin, Hubbard, Drake and others, with descriptions of their wigwams, canoes, and implements of shell and bone and stone; their wampum (shell-bead money) and various personal ornaments. They were polytheists and polygamists, untruthful and fond of gambling; very hospitable and fond of extravagant dancing and reveling. Their government was a paternal despotism. These children of the forest were possessed of some noble traits and were grateful for kindness. They believed in the immortality of the soul and the resurrection of all animal life. They had no priests, but the powwow, or medicine man, had almost unlimited influence among them. Various writers have given us their observations on the relations of the Whites and Indians. The Indians can hardly be said to have had proprietory right to the land. They were nomadic, occupying a certain territory as long as it afforded them a livelihood, their occupancy being determined largely by the superior strength of their particular tribe. The earlier cessions of land were made under a mis- conception on their part. They thought that the English, after a few years, would move on and leave the tract again to them. It was not easy to deal with them in buying land or in making treaties, as their government was on a loose system without a responsible head, so that it was uncertain that any compact made with them would be secure. The Indian trade was one incentive to colonization, and the stubborn contest for supremacy on the part of the English, who felt that the country rightly belonged to those who could make the best use of it, developed among the pioneer settlers a bravery and spirit of endurance, which was an element of strength in the colony. The fierce and savage nature of the natives prevented their being largely domesticated as slaves and saved the northern colonies from the moral danger arising from contact with a servile race. EARLY GRANTS— THE INDIANS 77 These treacherous foes persecuted scattered settlements in the interior country, and thus compacted the population and enabled the colonies to make a more united stand against the English government, when this became necessary. Passaconaway, "the child of the bear," a man of considerable ability, was the earliest Indian chief whose subjects dwelt upon the banks of the Merrimack, and whom history has made known to us. He was regarded as a magician for whom the trees would dance and the rocks move, who in the summer turned water into ice, and in winter made it burst into flame. He could bring dead serpents to life, and make himself a burning fire. Major Gookin says he saw him alive about 1663, at Pawtucket, when he was about one hundred and twenty years old. He flourished at the time of the first permanent English settlements in Massa- chusetts, and showed himself the friend of the white man. In 1644 he, with others, made a treaty with and submitted themselves to the English. In 1660 he resigned the sachemship to his son, Wannalancet, and at a great banquet, according to the early chronicles, made the following oration : "Hearken to the words of your father! I am an old oak, that has withstood the storms of more than a hundred winters. Leaves and branches have been stripped from me by the winds and frosts. My eyes are dim ; my limbs totter ; I must soon fall. When young no one could bury the hatchet in a sapling before me. My arrows covild pierce the deer at a hundred rods. No wigwam had so many furs, no pole had so many scalp-locks as Passaconaway's. Then I delighted in war. The whoop of the Penacooks was heard on the Mohawk and no voice so loud as Passaconaway's. The scalps upon the pole in my wigwam told the story of Mohawk suffering. The English came; they seized the lands; they followed upon my footpath; I made war on them, but they fought with fire and thunder. My young men were swept down before me when no one was near them. I tried sorcery against them but they still increased, and prevailed over me and mine. I gave place to them, and retired to my beautiful Island, Naticook, I, that can take a rattlesnake in my palm as I would a worm without harm, — I, that have had communication with the Great Spirit, dreaming and awake, — I am powerless before the pale-faces. These meadows they shall turn with the plow; these forests shall fall by the axe. The palefaces shall live upon your hunting grounds, and make their villages upon your fishing places. The Great Spirit says this, and it must be so. We are few and powerless before them. We must bend before the storm; peace with the white man is the command of the Great Spirit, and the wish — the last wish — of Passaconaway." [Indian Wars of N. E., Caverly.] 78 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Wannalancet, the son of Passaconaway, succeeded his father in office and was friendly to the Enghsh. Numphow, the Indian magistrate, held a monthly court in a log cabin in the vicinity of the Boott canal in the City of Lowell. Samuel, his son, who had been well instructed in English and in Christianity, gave instruction to his fellow-Indians in a log chapel near the west end of Appleton street in Lowell. Cowley was certain this stood near or upon the site of what is known as the Eliot church on Summer street. Mr. H. S. Perham thought there was not sufficient evidence to substantiate the opinion of Cowley. The writer has talked with both these men on the subject. Mr. Cowley claimed to have the evidence of some who had seen the log chapel before it disappeared in 1823 or 1824. John Eliot, the Apostle to the Indians, who in 1647 had made his first visit to Pawtucket falls on the Merrimack was their staunch friend and in 1653, when the Chelmsford and Billerica grants were made, secured an ample reservation for the exclusive use of the Indians, where the City of Lowell now stands. There were two villages : Pawtucket, east of the falls, and Wamesit, east of Massick or Wamesit falls. The two were finally merged into one, known as Wamesit. The bounds of the reservation were enlarged in 1656 and 1660, and a few years later a ditch was dug to mark its limits. Eliot and Gookin did good work among the Indians, who, for ten years or more, gave promise of growth in civilization. General Daniel Gookin, appointed superintendent of the Indians, gives this description of the praying town at Wamesit. "Wamesit is the fifth praying town; and this place is situate upon Merrimak river, being a neck of land, where Concord river falleth into Merrimak river. It is about twenty miles from Boston, north north west, and within five miles of Billerica, and as much from Chelmsford: so that it hath Concord river upon the west north west; and Merrimak river upon the north north east. It hath about fifteen families; and consequently, as we compute, about seventy five souls. The quantity of land belonging to it is about twenty-five hundred acres. The land is fertile and yieldeth plenty of corn. It is excellently accommodated with a fishing place; and there is taken variety of fish in their season, as salmon, shad, lamprey eels, sturgeon, bass, and divers others. There is a great confluence of Indians, that usually resort to this place in the fishing seasons. "Of these strange Indians divers are vitious and wicked men and women; which Satan makes use of to obstruct the prosperity of religion here. The ruler of this people is called Numphow. He is one of the blood of their chief sachems. Their teacher is EARLY GRANTS— THE INDIANS 79 called Samuel: son to the ruler, a young man of good parts, and can speak, read, and write English and Indian competently. He is one of those that was bred up at school, at the charge of the Corporation for the Indians. These Indians, if they were diligent and industrious, — to which they have been frequently excited, — might get much by their fish, especially fresh salmon, which are of esteem and good price at Boston in the season ; and the Indians being stored with horses of a low price, might furnish the market fully, being at so small a distance. And divers other sort of fish they might salt or pickle, as sturgeon and bass; which would be much to their profit. But notwithstanding divers arguments used to persuade them, and some orders made to encourage them; yet their idleness and improvidence doth hitherto prevail. "At this place, once a year, at the beginning of May, the English magistrate keeps his court, accompanied with Mr. Eliot, the minister: who at this time takes his opportunity to preach, not only to the inhabitants, but to as many of the strange Indians, that can be persuaded to hear him: of which sort, usually in times of peace, there are considerable numbers at that season. And this place being an ancient and capital seat of Indians, they come to fish; and this good man takes this opportunity to spread the net of the gospel, to fish for their souls. "Here it may not be impertinent to give you the relation following. May 5th, 1674, according to our usual custom, Mr. Eliot and myself took our journey to Wamesit, or Pawtuckett; and arriving there that evening, Mr. Eliot preached to as many of them as could be got together out of Mat. xxii. 1-14, the parable of the marriage of the king's son. We met at the wigwam of one called Wannalancet, about two miles from the town, near Paw- tuckett falls, and bordering upon Merrimak river. This person, Wannalancet, is the eldest son of old Passaconaway, the chief est sachem of Pawtuckett. He is a sober and grave person, and of years, between fifty and sixty. He hath been always loving and friendly to the English. Many endeavors have been used several years to gain this sachem to embrace the christian religion ; but he hath stood off from time to time, and not yielded up himself personally, though for four years past he hath been willing to hear the word of God preached, and to keep the Sabbath. — A great reason that hath kept him off, I conceive, hath been the indisposition and averseness of sundry of his chief men and relations to pray to God; which he foresaw would desert him, in case he turned christian. — But at this time. May 6th, 1674, it pleased God so to influence and overcome his heart, that it being proposed to him to give his answer concerning praying to God, after some deliberation and serious pause, he stood up, and made a speech to this effect : " 'Sirs: You have been pleased for four years last past, in your abundant love, to apply yourselves particularly unto me and my people, to exhort, press and persuade us to pray to God. I 80 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD am very thankful to you for your pains. I must acknowledge, said he, I have, all my days, used to pass in an old canoe (alluding to his frequent custom to pass in a canoe upon the river) and now you exhort me to change and leave my old canoe, and embark in a new canoe, to which I have hitherto been unwilling; but now I yield up myself to your advice, and enter into a new canoe, and do engage to pray to God hereafter.' "This his professed subjection was well pleasing to all that were present, of which there were some English persons of quality; as Mr. Richard Daniel, a gentleman that lived in Billerica, about six miles off, and Lieutenant Henchman, a neighbor at Chelmsford, besides brother Eliot and myself, with sundry others, English and Indians. Mr. Daniel before named desired brother EUot to tell this sachem from him, that it may be, while he went in his old canoe, he passed in a quiet stream; but the end thereof was death and destruction to soul and body. But now he went into a new canoe, perhaps he would meet with storms and trials, but yet he should be encouraged to persevere, for the end of his voyage would be everlasting rest. Moreover he and his people were exhorted by brother Eliot and myself, to go on and sanctify the sabbath, to hear the word, and use the means that God hath appointed, and encourage their hearts in the Lord their God. Since that time, I hear this sachem doth persevere, and is a constant and diligent hearer of God's word, and sanctifieth the sabbath, though he doth travel to Wamesit meeting every sabbath, which is above two miles; and though sundry of his people have deserted him since he subjected to the gospel, yet he continues and persists. "In this town they observe the same civil and religious orders as in other towns, and have a constable and other officers. "This people of Wamesit suffered more in the late war with the Mawkawks than any other praying town of Indians; for divers of their people were slain; others wounded; and some carried into captivity; which providence hath much hindered the prosperous estate of this place." From this account it appears that their capital was on the east of Concord river, in what is now Belvidere. Allen states that Wamesit consisted of about 2500 acres, of which 1000 were estimated to be east of Concord river and 1500 on the west. The English came to this region at an opportune moment, because, a few years previously, the number of Indians had been No. 7 PI^AN OF CHELMSFORD FR jjj^g^^j^^jj. .j^^^ij^ TOWW OF CHELMSFORD \\ \ ^iBjsSmUhJ ASfKiiiliUnff ^\ 'iMf'/' 1% roKO ""Rr^c fnam From 1895 to 1915 a hundred houses or more have been erected in the Centre Village shown in part on the left of this map. The other villages in the Town have grown in proportion. The Town Hall has been built on the vacant lot between the railroad and the house of Miss M. E. Richardson ; All Saints' Church stands where the words "Episc. Soc." are on the map ; the Congregational Church is on the land marked "G. P. Winn and Sisters;" the Central Block, below the house of Mrs. E. W. Fiske ; and the large fireproof building of the Chelmsford Spring Company, above the mill pond on the lot marked "D. Perham." The Adams Library occupies the southern part of the lot marked "Res. of J. A. Bai-tlett." v^^iauM>iiMM.vj^lJiiu^ II II 1 1 li'i II I II 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 wwffimww Mwww ww a^ 5'8 COUNTY ATI.AS. 1875 EARLY GRANTS— THE INDIANS 81 greatly reduced by a most sanguinary war begun about 1614 between the Pawtuckets and the Tarrantines of Maine, whose devastation was followed by a terrible pestilence, which so afflicted the Indians that they "died in heaps." Thousands of corpses were left unburied, and the terrors of the plague were greatly increased by the comet of 1618, which appealed to the superstition of the savages. In the early settlement of New England, says Allen, the Pawtuckets consisted of about 3000; and, in 1674, 250. At Wamesit, when Mr. Eliot persuaded them to receive the Gospel, there were about 75 souls. Wannalancet resisted all Eliot's efforts, until 1674, when he received the Christian religion, and persevered in it, although some of his people abandoned him on that account. At the time of King Philip's war, the EngHsh and Indians in New England were about equal in number, probably 55,000 each. In 1642, upon suspicion of conspiracy to exterminate the English, forty men were sent to arrest Passaconaway, but could not find him. Wannalancet was taken and tied with a rope, which he loosened and escaped. He was retaken, and his squaw captured. When the English saw they had been mistaken in their suspicions, they apologized to Passaconaway, and invited him to Boston. "Tell the English," he said, "when they restore my son and his squaw, I will talk with them." Thinking the Mohawks were about to attack them, Wanna- lancet and a number of Indians descended the Merrimack, in 1669, and built a fort on what became known as Fort Hill, in Belvidere, Lowell. The English settlers became alarmed. The Indians of this region, numbering several hundred, and including the most dangerous, went against the Mohawks and were badly defeated. Wannalancet, however, was peaceably disposed, and friendly to the English, and escaped the fate of many of his race- For the first twenty years, the relations between the people of Chelmsford and the Indians were friendly. Trade between them was mutually advantageous. By it the Indian obtained food in winter (when, from their improvidence, it was lacking); better utensils; and, too often, rum. The Massachusetts Court held that trade with the Indians belonged to the Commonwealth and not to particular persons. From "The Retume of ye Committee betrusted to agree with such as presented to carry alonge ye Trade of Furrs," we learn 82 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD that "The exclusive right of Trading with the Indians on the Merrimack River was sold to Simon Willard, Thomas Henchman, ensign Thomas Wheeler and William Brenton for £25. on July 1, 1657." The trade of Concord sold for £5; that of Springfield and Norwottock for £20; Cambridge £2; Nashaway & Grotton £8. THE INDIANS AND WICASSEE ISLAND. From 1637, when the crushing blow was given to the Pequots, until 1675, the people of New England were at peace with the Indians. But as the years went by, the courage of the Indians revived. Though contrary to the law, the savages procured rum and muskets, both of which were elements in this revival. 1644, June 12. Passaconaway and Nanamocomuck signed a covenant submitting themselves and their subjects and pos- sessions to the Massachusetts Government. 1645. The military officers of the several towns were ordered to keep a daily watch against the Indians; and the Reverend Elders were requested to give advice concerning the Christianizing of the Indians. 1654. Persons licensed to sell intoxicating liquors to Indians were advised not to sell more than one pint to each individual. 1656. The sale of horses, boats and skiffs to the Indians was prohibited. 1659. John Eliot asked that Indians have no power to sell their land. But within a month (Nov. 8th) an order was issued permitting them to sell an island in Merrimack river (Wicassee) to John Evered to redeem Nanamocomuck, a son of Passaconaway, from imprisonment for a debt of £45. In 1663 there was made a grant of 3,000 acres on the same river at Naticot to Passaconaway and his associates. In 1663 John Evered and Thomas Hinchman were appointed to lay out 100 acres for Wannalancet about twelve miles from the house of Evered, on a great hill near a great pond. 1665. The Indians, living on the "Island of Wicosucke," asked permission to exchange other lands for the island purchased by Mr. John Webb (Evered), Wannalancet to surrender 100 acres of land formerly granted him by the Court. This was granted, and the Court gave John Evered, alias Webb, 500 acres adjoining his own, if he release his right and interest in Wicosuche. Wickasauke, Wicassee or Tyng's island, in the Merrimack river, opposite the northwestern part of Chelmsford, was owned EA RL Y GRA NTS— THE INDIA NS 83 by the family of Passaconaway, and cultivated as a corn field. Wannalancet, the son and successor of that chief, occasionally made it a place of residence. As stated, Wannalancet 's elder brother was in prison in Boston, having become surety to one John Tinker, for another Indian to the amount of £45. In order to have Nanamocomuck released from jail, Wannalancet obtained permission from the General Court to sell the island in 1659 to John Webb, alias Evered. Wannalancet was granted 100 acres on a hill, ten or twelve miles westward. The former owners came again into possession of the island, for the release of which the Court gave Mr. Webb 500 acres, and Wannalancet forfeited his 100 acres, above mentioned. After King Philip's war about sixty of the praying Indians from Wamesit were removed to this island or vicinity, under the care of Jonathan Tyng. They remained there about ten years, when they removed to St. Francis in Canada. In 1680 Capt. James Oliver, admitted freeman 1640, member of the Artillery Company, petitioned the Court to grant him "the Island whereon the Indian Wianenset lately dwelt lying neer Dunstable," etc. The Court for his relief on account of his incapacity for getting a "livelyhud," granted to his Kinsman, Nathaniel Barnes, with whom he lived, "a small Island of upland containing about twenty acres (more or less) wch lyeth in Merimack River near to Mr. Jonathan Tings farme wch Island hath been commonly caled & knowne by ye name of Tinker's Island," etc. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 45, p. 174.] October 18, 1681. The Court granted him two hundred acres "where it is to be found." December 5, 1683. Tyng's island, called Weikeset, was granted to Mr. Jonathan Tyng, in full, for all accounts having to do with his care of the Indians. [Massachusetts Bay Records, Vol. V, p. 430.] * * * "Whereas Mr. Jonathan Ting of Dunstable hath obtained of ye Honord Genii Court of the Massachusetts Bay a grant of a certaine Jland lying in Merimack River, near to the north east corner of Chelmsford land and partly right over and against a great commonfield in Chelmsford, lying upon said Merrimack River, which Hand is called & Known by ye name of Wekesoak Jland, which Jland hath been formerly planted by the indians" of which "the Indian right & title did & do belong & appertaine to Wanalansit, and indian sachem." The latter sells to Jonathan Ting for the full & just sum of six pounds sterling, New England coyne— 27th Oct. 1685. [Early Court Files, Number 2356.1 84 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD KING PHILIP'S WAR, Although the English regarded the Indians as heathen, whose inheritance God would give to His people, yet the Rev. John Eliot and others knew that they had souls, and so were to be brought to a knowledge of the truth. The Indians as a rule resented the attempts of the English to Christianize them. "With jealous eye the Indian saw his hunting grounds vanish with each advance of the English, and the number of warriors diminish by the increase of 'praying Indians'." Massasoit, chief sachem of the Wampanoags, friendly to Plymouth, died in 1660, leaving two sons, Wamsutta and Metacom, christened as Alexander and Philip. The former died in 1662 at Plymouth, where he had been siimmoned to defend himself against a charge of plotting mischief with the Narragansetts. Thinking his brother had been poisoned, Philip, his successor, became the scheming enemy of the English. After several rumors and denials, it became evident in 1674 that a general Indian uprising had been planned. Mount Hope, a peninsula, running into Narragansett bay, was the territory occupied by Philip. Sausamon, a Christian convert from the Massachusetts' tribe, with his family, had been taught by Eliot. His son, John, was a teacher and preacher to the Indians at Natick. Coming to Plymouth, Sausamon revealed to Governor Winthrop the plot of Philip, who declared his innocence. A few days later Sausamon was murdered near Middleborough by three Wampanoags, Philip's men, who were found guilty and put to death. On June 20, 1674, the Indians attacked Swanzey, killed many and committed fiendish outrages. Indian war parties now spread over the country, and panic seized the English in Massachusetts as far as the Connecticut valley. Worcester and Brookfield had about a dozen houses each, and from Springfield to Northfield a number of small villages were exposed to the Indian attacks. Captain Edward Hutchinson, son of the famous Ann, was sent by Governor Leverett to treat with the Nipmucks at Brookfield. He was murdered, with eight of his men, as his mother and most of the family had been before. Philip, himself, took part in the assault on Brookfield. The large house in which the inhabitants were besieged held them for three days, when Major Simon Willard, more than seventy years old, ancestor of two presidents of Harvard college, on his way from Lancaster to Groton with forty-seven horsemen, being informed of the EARLY GRANTS— THE INDIANS 85 situation, ttirned toward Brookfield and routed the Indians. Worcester, Groton, Mendon and Marlborough were destroyed. Attacks were made upon Springfield, Hatfield, Medfield, Hadley, Northampton, Sudbury, Chelmsford, Andover, Wrentham, Scituate, Middleborough and Bridgewater. At Sudbury Capt. Wadsworth, with seventy men, was surrounded by five hundred Nipmucks. He and fifty of his men were killed, six being burned alive over slow fires. By August, 1676, the Indians had been practically exterminated. Philip was shot by one of his own men on August 12th, and his head was exposed in Plymouth. A dozen sachems were hanged or shot and hundreds of Indians sold into slavery in the West Indies, among them Philip's little son. Of ninety towns, twelve had been destroyed, and more than forty others had suffered. CHELMSFORD OFFICERS. In 1655 Isaac Lemed was chosen Sergeant of the band, and Simon Tomson Clerk of the band in Chelmsford. Lemed, or Lamed, was one of the first settlers of Chelmsford, and removed here from Woburn. He died November 29, 1657. Simon Thompson, or Tomson, was of Ipswich in 1636, and was active in securing the removal of the Wenham people to Chelmsford. He returned to Ipswich. Both of these men were among the first trustees or selectmen of Chelmsford. 1659. 'Thomas Addams of Chelmsford, being presented by Joseph Parker, in the behalf e of that Towne for their Cheife Sergt & military Officer, This [County] Court being informed that the said Addams hath publiquely manifested himself to be Hessi- tant, as to the orders and practises of the churches in these places, do not judge meet to allow of ye said choyce, untill they shall be further sattisfied concerning the same — " The next year Mr. Adams was accepted by the Court, having solemnly engaged not to disseminate any of his principles or notions contrary to the practice of the churches. [Records of Middlesex Co. Court.] Thomas Adams was born in England in 1612, married in Braintree in 1642, moved to Concord, and to Chelmsford in 1650-4. He was Ensign in 1678, and Lieutenant in 1682, in the company of which his brother, Samuel, was Captain. He was town clerk, selectman and representative. He died July 20, 1688, aged 76 years. 86 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD In 1660 Thomas Hinchman was clerk of the train band. He was made freeman in 1654, was a magistrate, and Major of the Middlesex Regiment; a representative in 1666, 1667, 1671 and 1676; died July 18, 1703, aged 74 years. He had an accurate knowledge of Indian affairs, and his influence with them was of much value to the English. Edmond Hinchman, or Hincksman, of Chelmsford, died Oct. 27, 1668. His widow married the Rev. John Fiske. Major Thomas is supposed to have been the son of Edmond and the father of Capt. Thomas Hinchman. The Hinchman property adjoined the Warren homestead, and Deacon Joseph Warren married Ruth Wheeler, daughter of Sergeant Thomas Wheeler and niece of Major Hinchman's wife. 1669, Oct. 12. "In answer to the motion in the petition of severall ye inhabitants of Concord, Chelmsford, Billirrikey, Lancaster, Groton, the court judgeth it meet, & doe order, that such persons living in the frontier townes within the county of Middlesex as are legally capacitated to lyst themselves troopers shall have liberty to doe the same, under Thomas Wheeler, Senior, of Concord, whom this Court appoints to be their leiftent; & for such others as are already listed in the other troope in that country that may find it more convenient to joyne in this new troope, they haue liberty so to doe, provided they doe it orderly & legally, & that a sufhcjent number be left in the old troope, according to lawe." [Records of Massachusetts, Vol. IV, pt. 2, p. 439.] "Sarjant Willjam Fletcher of Chelmsford, is appointed ensigne to the ffoot company there." Oct. 12, 1670. [Records of Massachusetts Bay, Vol. IV, pt. 2, p. 466.] William Fletcher, one of the first settlers, came from Concord, was a selectman, and died November 6, 1677. He had a son, William, born February 21, 1657. Edward Tyng, prominent in the Indian wars, was Lieutenant in the 5th Company, Mass. Reg't, in 1675, for the Narragansett Campaign. Edward and William Tyng came to America about 1639. In 1660 James Parker, of Chelmsford, sold Edward three thousand acres in what is now Tyngsboro. Dunstable was named for the English town, the home of his wife, Mary. His sons, Jonathan and Edward, born in 1642 and 1649, were prominent in this region, as were William, son of the former, and Edward, son of the latter. William came to Chelmsford and EARLY GRANTS— THE INDIANS 87 represented the Town in the General Court. He was a Major, and married Lucy, daughter of the Rev. Thomas Clarke, Sept. 19, 1700. He was severely wounded while commanding a batallion between Groton and Lancaster, and died in Concord, August 16 1710. Lucy, his wife, died April 25, 1708. "The Nashoba Indians, who lived upon the southern borders of the Town, suffered great hardships during King Philip's War. They were removed by order of the Court to Concord, where they were cared for by John Hoar. Here they lived peaceably. When Captain Samuel Moseley came, he broke into their home, scattered their property, and they were hurried to 'their furnace of affliction' at Deer Island." In May, 1677, they were, with some of the Naticks, removed by order of the Court, to Pawtucket. Those who were removed were mostly women and children. It was ordered "that the men be improved in the service of the country." Arms were provided for such as were trusty, and they were placed under the command of Captain Hinchman. They were shiftless like all Indians and had no permanent homes, and required careful watching by their white neighbors whose pigs and chickens they often made away with. Rarely did the early settlers go into the field to work without taking their guns with them, and placing a sentinel to watch for the enemy. Gookin speaks of "some skulking Indians of the enemy" "the principal whereof was Nathaniel, he and his party did this and other mischief * * in burning several houses at Chelms- ford." Nathaniel was captured later in New Hampshire and hanged in Boston. At the opening of King Philip's war each county had its regiment of "trained soldiers." The Middlesex Regiment consisted of fifteen companies of foot and one of cavalry. Men were impressed from the local companies and placed under officers appointed for special service by the Council. The pay of soldiers was 6s. per week, and 5s. was paid for their "dyet." The old matchlock musket was used, but was discarded for the flint- lock or snaphance. No bayonets were used and pikemen were useless. The matchlock was too long and heavy to fire at arm's length, so that each soldier was obliged to carry a rest, or crotched staff, with an iron point at the bottom, and attached to his wrist by a string. He carried six feet of match or fuse with which to fire his gun. 88 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD This weapon had the disadvantage of the burning fuse being scented by the enemy when to leeward, and in wet weather it was well nigh useless. It was perhaps less effective than the bow and arrow. According to the old colonial law, sixty-four soldiers were accounted a foot company, which could nominate their officers, and must have two drums. Every foot soldier was to be completely armed and furnished, the pikeman with a good pike well headed, corslet, head-piece, sword and snapsack; the musquetiers with a good fixed musquet^ not under bastard musquet bore, nor under three feet nine inches in length, nor above four feet, three inches long, with a priming wire, worm, scouter and mould, fitted to the bore of his musquet ; also with a good sword, rest, bandeliers (shoulder-straps with many little boxes containing powder and ball), one pound of powder, twenty bullets, and two fathom of match upon the penalty of ten shillings for every defect; and all other inhabitants of this Jurisdiction, except magistrates, and elders of Churches, the president, fellows and students of Harvard College, shall always be provided of arms, and furnished as aforesaid under the penalty aforesaid. Soldiers and others provided their own arms. Poor men were put to service to earn out the cost of their arms. Flintlocks came into use shortly after the outbreak of King Philip's war. November 3, 1675, every town was ordered to provide 6 gun flints to each of its soldiers." As early as 1671 Chelmsford people began to prepare for the coming outbreak. Men were ordered to bring clubs to the meet- ing house. In 1672 the town "covenanted with Abraham Parker * * * to cut all the brush in the training place * * * and by training place is understood all that land now cleared by the town for that use." This land was probably on the pine plain, formerly called the Carolina plain, on the west side of the road between Chelmsford Centre and Lowell. In 1673 a house was built on Robin*s hill, probably for a lookout. 7th 8mo., 1673. The towne voated Lef tenant Samuell Foster and en-william Fletcher vShold a point the place whear the towne house Shold bee bultt. ... It was voated that all mall persons from the age of twelve years to sixtey, shall, every one, worke one EA RL Y CRA NTS— THE INDIA NS 89 day in the yeare for the Clearing of Robins hill, on the penalty of twelve pence a boy, and tow Shillings a man, in case thay Neglectt beeing ther unto caled...by order of the Selectmen. For sixe years in sewing, the datte heer of being left to the Selectmen to a point the day yeerly, and likwis thay are to apoint a man to lead on the worke either ther or else whear, att the selectmens apointment, dated as above by order of the Towne. [See Chapter on the Beginning.] At this period the Chelmsford Company in the Middlesex Regiment had for Lieutenant Thomas Hinchman, and for Ensign William Fletcher. The ensign carried the colors. The title of second lieutenant has been substituted for that of ensign, owing to the changed conditions of modern warfare. The following powder account of 1674 is found in the Town Records, and shows the names of Chelmsford's able-bodied men at that time. An ac't of Powder sould to the inhabitants of Chelmsford the 1 Day of September, 1674. It[em] James Richerson Samuell Flecher Will woodhead Andrew spaulding Will Underwood 2 pds Thom barett Joseph barett Solomon Keies Robertt proctor Efrm hildreth Moses barron Joseph buterfild John Spaulding Nath buterfild John steuens Paull Flecher Will Flecher Jerath bowers George Robines John Wright Samll buterfild Abraham biam Ambros swalow Steuen perce John blanchard John battes Jonathan Adames Thomas hinchman Jacob Warren 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 3 6 6 4 6 1 6 90 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Joshuah Flecher 1 6 Sam Flecher Jun 1 6 peletiah Adames 1 6 Thomas Adames 4 6 Joseph Farwell 1 6 Thomas Cobom 1 6 Edward Coborn Sen 1 6 John Cobom 1 6 Edward Cobom 1 6 James hildreth 1 6 John bauke 1 6 Thom Corry 1 6 Abraham parker, Sen 2 pounds 3 John parker 1 6 John barett 4 6 Thom Chambrlin Sen 3 Edward Spauldig 1 6 leften Foster 6 John perham 1 6 John Fiske 1 6 Josiah Richenson 3 henry Gidly 1 6 Eleazer browne 1 6 Cornell waldow 3 John burge 4 6 Sam varnxmi 3 Will Good 1 6 beniamin spaulding 1 6 Joseph spaulding 1 6 lefttenant Foster more 4 6 Thom Chamberlin Jun 1 6 Jacob parker 1 6 this ac't above is to be Charged att 15d p pound And giune by Rate to the Connstable 6 9 John Stevens, whose name appears in this list, (though it may have been another man, for he describes himself in his petition to the Court as a stranger, of Captain Mosely's company,) received a shot in his right arm so as to lose the use of it, and was granted 40 shillings and other compensation. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 67, p. 269.] The Town provided several garrison houses. Lieut. Thomas Henchman's was at Middlesex in the north part of the town, on the Merrimack. One is supposed to have stood on South street near Warren avenue, just north of the Marshall place; another on the high ground between the mill pond and the South Chelms- ford road; still another opposite Andrew Spalding's, the Hodson place. Allen mentions "one south of the meeting-house," An i EA RL Y CRA NTS— THE INDIA NS 91 ancient well was recently discovered on Acton street, on Winthrop Parkhurst's lot. There was also one on Francis Hill, near the Keyes' place, which overlooked the settlements on Stony brook. The location of another was on Riverside street, in Dracut, a mile below Pawtucket falls. Tradition says that the mistress of this house drove away a prying Indian by throwing a dipper full of hot soft soap in his face, before blowing the horn to give the alarm. Allen says (page 148), "The EngHsh erected garrison houses in different parts of the town, to which they fled on the first notice of danger, and where they usually spent their nights. They were environed by a strong wall of stones or of hewn timber, built up to the eaves of the houses; through which was a gate, fastened by bars and bolts of iron. They were lined either with brick or thick plank. Some of them had port holes, for the discharge of musquetry. In these the early settlers spent many a sleepless, anxious night." There were loop-holes in the oldest part of the Spaulding house — the ell — for use in case of an Indian attack. This part of the house is thought to be as old as any building in Chelmsford. It stands on the Boston road, where the old Mill road branches off. Almost all of these buildings have disappeared. Some houses built in the time of the later Indian wars were also constructed as nearly bullet-proof as possible, the framed walls being filled in with brick. A wall of this nature was taken down within recent years at the Putnam farm, and also one at the old Farwell or Timothy Adams place on Billerica street. The parsonage, where Ebenezer Bridge lived, now known as the "Railroad house," had its walls lined with pine plank of three inches thickness. The Dupee house and the Homer Thayer house, towards the South village, were used as garrison houses. The walls of the latter were filled with brick. A house that formerly stood near that in which Andrew H. Park lived is also said to have been used as a garrison. The house, which Jonathan Tyng built about 1674, at Tyngs- boro (then Dunstable) is interesting. It was then the most northerly house in the Colony of Massachusetts Bay. Tyng's farm was cultivated by slaves, and in the great attics are said to have been the slave-pens where refractory slaves were chained. In the tower, on one of the adjoining buildings, was the bell which called the slaves in from their work in the fields. 92 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD The Heywood, or Hayward, house at South Chelmsford is curiously constructed. The chimney, with three huge fireplaces opening into as many rooms, is about twelve feet square at the base, and rises in an open space in the middle of the house, which was built around it. The rooms on the second floor open on a sort of gallery in this space about the chimney, which here narrows to about half the above dimensions. It was bought in 1726 by Benj. Hejrwood, a cooper of Billerica, from Thomas Adams, who removed to Dunstable. One room in the house is said to have been a garrison, the plank lining of which was removed by Mr. Heywood, who died about 1860. In the present residence of Mr. J. Adams Bartlett, built in 1692, by Joseph Parker, some of the walls were filled with brick. What is known as "The Ark" at the junction of Bartlett and Acton streets, built by Dr. Nehemiah Abbott, in 1700, had in its immense chimney (taken down some years since) a hiding place, concealed behind a sliding panel. It was a small room about six feet square, and five feet from the floor. It was entered by means of a ladder. When discovered, there were in it a low chair and a jug or pitcher. The William J. Stevens' place was used as a garrison. The Emerson house, opposite Colonel Simeon Spaulding's house at the comer of North and Dalton streets, was a garrison house. At one time, while thus occupied, an Indian attempted to set it afire with a bundle of flax, to destroy the inmates. He was fired upon by a man with a rifle from the meeting house. The ball struck the clapboards, just above the Indian's head, near the door of the house. The hole was still to be seen, at the time the house was burned in 1905. The old part of this house had been standing for more than two centuries and had been held by the Emerson family from an early date. CREDITED AT THE GARRISON AT CHELMSFORD. November 20, 1675. £ s d £ s d Moses Cleaveland 02 12 08 Samuel Parris 02 12 08 November 30, 1675. Zachariah Shedd 03 00 00 Joseph Simons 03 00 00 John Ellis 04 10 00 John Roby 01 04 00 Richard Nevers 03 00 00 John George 04 16 00 Joseph Samson 04 10 00 Hopewell Davis 04 16 00 Thomas Sawin 03 00 00 William F'isher 04 16 00 Thomas Train 03 00 00 Henry Harris 04 16 00 EARLY GRANTS— THE INDIANS 93 December 20, 1675. Francis Nichols 02 11 04 Thomas Estman 01 04 00 Hezekiah Pilsbury 01 04 00 Richard Beach 03 08 06 Joseph Estman 01 04 00 William Foster 00 06 00 John Martin 01 04 00 Henry Harris 00 06 00 Benjamin Allin 01 04 00 Joseph Lamson 00 12 00 Amos Singlater 01 04 00 Hopewell Davis 00 10 00 Nathaniel Ladd 01 04 00 January 25 , 1675-6. John Bear 00 09 04 John Eliot 01 17 08 John Darling 00 09 04 Joseph Simons 01 15 02 George Wyatt 00 09 04 John Salendine 02 14 00 Samuel Parry 01 00 06 Arthure Crouch 02 14 00 Robert Shelston 02 09 08 William Ballard 02 08 00 Walter Davis 00 09 04 Moses Cleaveland 00 06 00 Thomas Wenmore 00 09 04 Richard Nevers 02 08 00 Benjamin Lernett 04 16 00 John George 02 04 06 Moses Cleaveland 02 08 10 Thomas Train 02 08 00 February 29, 1675-6. John Welch 00 07 08 March 24, Ephraim Matson 1675-6. 01 04 00 Thomas Henchman 01 10 00 Joseph Parker Junr. 00 12 00 Joseph Parker Senr. 00 12 00 June 24, 1676. Daniel Woodward 03 08 06 Robert Parker 00 10 00 Josiah Clarson 03 16 02 Nathaniel Graves, Capt . 12 10 00 Henry Harris 03 12 10 Timothy Day 04 16 00 Samuel Cleveland 03 07 08 George Stedman 02 12 02 John Clark 03 12 00 John Polly 02 18 00 Henry Sparkes 03 12 00 George Parson 01 16 00 John Mirecke 03 13 08 July 24 , 1676. John Solinden 06 12 00 John Priest 05 02 00 William Fisher 06 12 00 George Sowder 04 03 00 Arthure Crouch 06 12 00 Samuel Damman 03 10 00 John George 06 12 00 Saball Stearnes 03 05 00 Thomas Traine 06 12 00 Samuel Heberd 04 00 06 Samuel French 03 08 06 George Person 04 00 06 John Elliot 03 18 00 Alexander Alhort 02 10 06 August 24, 1676. Nicholas Lunn 03 10 00 Henry Harris 03 00 10 John Mirick 06 00 00 Samuel Perry 03 18 00 John Barbene 06 13 08 John Polly 00 18 10 Joseph Simons 03 18 00 John Barbene 05 04 06 September 23, 1676. John Priest 02 08 00 John Bateman 07 11 00 William Peirce 07 12 06 [Bodge, King Philip' s War, p . 357.] At Wamesick January 25, 1675 James Kidder 00 12 00 94 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD From a paper which was presented to the Court after Major Willard's death, in statement of his unpaid services and expenses for the government, it appears that from the 20th of September (1675) till the 18th of April (1676), the Major was employed about the country business, settling of garrisons in towns, and settling of Indians at Concord and Chelmsford and other business, etc. He was born in County Kent, England, baptized, April 7, 1605. He came to Cambridge in 1634. At the opening of King Philip's war he was the chief military officer of Middlesex County. He was then seventy years old. The following names are on the list of those credited with service from Chelmsford under Major Willard, from August 7, 1675 to January 25, 1675-6. October 5th Paul Fletcher Edward Foster John Barrett Gershom Procter Ephraim Hildred Samuel Cleaveland John Bateman Paid Fletcher [Bodge, p. 121.] 02 10 00 02 10 00 02 10 00 02 10 00 02 07 00 03 06 04 03 15 00 02 01 00 CREDITED UNDER CAPT. WHEELER: Feb'y 29th 1675-6. Simon Davis (two credits) 01 Nath. Hill. 01 Jonathan Hill. 01 Joseph Foster. 01 John Waldo. 01 Francis Dudly. 01 Samuel Fletcher Senr. 01 Samuel Fletcher Junr. 01 11 12 12 12 12 12 04 12 19 14 19 12 12 Eleazer Brown. 01 Cyprian Stevens. 00 Benjamin Graves. 00 John Bates. 01 Stephen Goble. 01 March 24th Simon Willard. 01 12 Thomas Tarball. 01 12 Joseph Blood. 01 12 June 24th 1676. Henry Woodis, Lieut. 04 02 Joses Buckman. 01 12 [Bodge, p. 114] Some of these were from David Batchelor. 10 Simon Crosbe. 10 Daniel Maginnis. 10 John Kitteridg. 10 James Pattison. 10 Jonathan Hide. 10 Samuel Davis. 05 John Brown. 10 Joseph Hayward. 04 John Hayward. 03 Stephen Hosmer. 04 John Gould. 10 Phinias Sprague. 10 Henry Green. Joseph Winn. 10 Sept. 23d 10 Abraham Jaque. 10 Joseph F"itch. Samuel Dunton. 02 Jonathan Prescott. 10 1676. 01 01 00 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 'oo 01 01 00 12 10 12 10 06 00 12 10 12 10 12 10 02 10 12 10 12 10 12 10 12 10 12 10 19 04 12 10 12 10 11 00 09 00 09 00 14 03 Chelmsford and Billerica. EARLY GRANTS— THE INDIANS 95 OTHER CREDITS FOR MILITARY SERVICE. August 24, 1676 Chelmsford — Towne Cr. By Sundry accpts viz. 05 05 06 Joseph Hyde pd. as per assignment 01 00 06 [Bodge, p. 373. Jacob Miller per Jerathmell Bowers 02 15 00 John Barrett 01 10 00 Chelmsford November 24, 1676 James Harwood 04 11 00 January 24, 1676 Cornelius Waldoe 00 19 00 Joseph Hildrick 01 01 04 [Bodge, p. 448.] Cornelius Waldo, who died here January 3, 1700-1, was probably born in England about 1624, and came from Ipswich after 1668. He was a deacon, and had a son of the same name. John, a son of Deacon Waldo, married Rebecca, daughter of Samuel Adams, in 1673 (?) at Chehnsford. In 1678 Cornelius was one of the committee to instruct the selectmen of Chelms- ford, and was selectman in 1698. John was wounded at Brookfield in 1675 while in Captain Wheeler's company. Rebecca Waldo married Edward Emerson, the school master of Chelmsford, in 1698, and from them Ralph Waldo Emerson in- herited two-thirds of his name. Oliver Wendell Holmes is recorded as saying of Edward Emerson: "He was noted for the virtue of patience, and it is a family tradition that he never complained but once, when he said mildly to his daughter, that her dumplings were somewhat harder than needful, but not often." [Brown: "Beside Old Hearthstones," p. 349.] Joseph Hildreth, born April 16, 1658, was the son of Richard, one of the early settlers of Chelmsford, who came from Cambridge in 1656. Joseph married Abigail Wilson at Wobum, the 25th of the 12th month 1683, and died January 28, 1706. Richard died February 23, 1692-3, aged 88. His first wife, Sarah, died in 1644. His second wife, Elizabeth, died August 3, 1693. 96 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD 1676. February 5. In an account of a return of the Committee of Militia in the Regiment of Middlesex for 20 men impressed, is this item: Chelmsford — Henery Sparkes [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 68, p. 130.] He married July 10, 1676 Martha Barrett of Chelmsford, who was imprisoned for more than a year in Boston on suspicion of witchcraft. "The towns assumed the payment of the wages of their own Soldiers, to their families left at home, the families thus receiving sure and immediate aid, and the towns being credited to that amount upon their colonial "rates" or taxes. It was doubtless a means of great help to the families, and of saving to the towns, as it secured at once the support of the families without public charge, and at the same time the prompt payment of taxes." The foregoing lists are from the account book of John Hull, Treasurer of the Colony, from which Bodge quotes extensively, and which is now in the keeping of the N. E. Hist. Geneological Society in Boston. Between August 9th and 16th Mosely had marched from Mendon to Brookfield, where he distributed his men as above. On the 17th he probably marched towards Chelmsford, as proposed, but on the 22d some of the Nipmuck Indians fell upon Lancaster and killed seven or nine inhabitants, and the next day the people sent for Capt. Mosely, and told him of their suspicions of the Hassanemesit Indians (friendly or Praying Indians) then living under supervision in a sort of fort at Marlborough. Capt. Mosely hastily marched to the fort and seized eleven (or, according to Major Gookin's account, fifteen) of the Indians, "pinioned" them and bound them neck to neck, and sent them down to Boston for trial. Of the fifteen, only eleven were accused; all were finally found innocent and acquitted, and Capt. Mosely's pro- ceeding severely criticised by the Court and his superior officers. Major Gookin believes that the people instigated suspicions "in order to secure the land of the Indians." After sending these prisoners down on August 30th, Capt. Mosely marched up the Merrimack as far as Pennacook (Concord, N. H.) to the home of the peaceful Wannalancit, where he was prepared to repeat the late transaction; but the Pennacooks had quietly withdrawn and eluded him. He burnt their village and stores of food, and marched back. Capt. Mosely's course was not approved and the Court immediately sent messengers to win back the friendship of Wannalancet. [Bodge, p. 67.] EARLY GRANTS— THE INDIANS 97 Letter of Capt. Samuel Mosely to the Governor. He was Captain of the "Volunteers," mostly adventurers, released pirates, &c. ffrom Nashowah Allies Lankestor 16th August 1675. Honored Sir Yesterday I spayred Capt. Beeres 26 our men to march with him to Sprinkefeild & it was with Major Willard ordder and I have also Accordinge to my orders from Major General Denison Sentt to Dunstable fort to Inlearge there gard 18 men & to Groatton 12 men & to Chelmsford 12 men out of those yt ware under Capt Hinksmans & of those yt Caime with me: Also last nightt about Seaven A clocke we martched into Nashowah [Lancaster] wheare we are Att present butt shall as soon as the Constable haith prest us a dozen Horses proseed for groatton & so to Chensford: according to the order Major Willard gave me yesterday Att Quoah-bawge [Brookfield] ; The day before I came from Quoahbaugh — I martched I (n) company with Capt Beeres & Capt Laytrop to the Swamp where they left mee & tooke theire martch to Sprinkfilld and a soone as they ware gon I tooke my martch Into the woods about 8 mills beyond the Swape where Capt Huttcheinson and the rest ware yt ware wounded & killed & so returned to follow the enemy as above saide ; also we did find & prsell of wigwoms beyond the Swaimp about 20 which we burnt &c. our Majr having a Seartayne Intelligence of a con- siderable party of Indians yt have gathered toogather a littell above Chensford which I hope wee shalbe up with this night or toMorrough at furthest & if it pleese God I come up with them God assisting me I will cloosely ingadge with them & God spearing my life I shall as oppertunity gives leave Acquaint your honnor of my Actions; I have with me butt 60 men at present; so desiring your prosperity & yt it my please God to preserve your Honour in good health and humbly beseach your prayers to God for my Good Suckses in this my undertaking with my Humbell Searvis &c in all deuttyfullness I subscribe myself your Respective kinsman & Humble Searvantt Samuel Mosley my Cosson Leverett ppresents his Deuty to yor Honour & my Antt. [Quoted by Bodge, p. 66.] A merchant of Boston in "The Present State of New — England," London, 1675, relates an amusing incident, which, from the above letter, we may infer took place "a little above Chensford" when Capt. Mosely came up with the "considerable party of Indians." We wonder whether he acquainted the Governor "of his actions" and those of the Indians. "About the 15th of August, Captain Mosely with sixty men met a company, judged about three hundred Indians, in a plain 98 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD place where few Trees were, and on both sides preparations were making for a Battle ; all being ready on both sides to fight, Captain Mosely plucked off his Periwig, and put it into his Breeches, because it should not hinder him in fighting. As soon as the Indians saw that, they fell a Howling and Yelling most hideously, and said, "Umh, Unih, me no staw merre [stay here?] fight Engis mon, Engis mon got two hed, Engis mon got two hed' if me cut off un hed, he got noder, a put on beder as dis; with such like words in broken English, and away they all fled and could not be over- taken, nor seen any more afterwards." "About a week after this Capt. Mosely took two Indians, the Father and his Son, and willing to examine them both apart, proceeded thus: Took the old Man and bound him to a Tree, after he was so bound, he sent away the Son by a File of Men out of sight; the old Man there confessed he was a Praying Indian, and that he was only hunting for Deer thereabouts, but said that his son was one of those Men that wounded Capt. Hutchison. So then after they had pumped him as much as they could, they fired a Gun with no Bullet in it over his Head, untied him, and sent him another way with a File out of sight: then telling him that they had shot his Father, and would shoot him also, if he would not confess what he was, and what he knew: He fairly told them, that he was a Praying Indian, but his Father made him go with him to the Nipmoog Indians, and that there they shot three or four times apiece; whereupon they then brought the old Man and tied him to his Son, and Examined them together, at length they confest. They were both among the Nipmoogs, and that the Son did wound Captain Hutchison; after their Examination, they were both shot to Death. In this same Week, King Philip's men had taken a Young Lad alive about fourteen Years old, and bound him to a tree two nights and two Days, intending to be merry with him the next day, and that they would Roast him alive to make sport with him; but God over night, touched the heart of one Indian so that he came and loosed him, and bid him run Grande (i. e. run Apace) and by that means he escaped." Aug. 30, 1675, the Governor and Council, yielding to the popular prejudice, against their own better judgment, decreed the disbandment of all Christian Indian Companies in service, to be confined in their five villages, one of which was Wamesit. * * * Oct. 18, a party of hostile Indians set fire to a haystack EA RL Y CRA NTS— THE INDIA NS 99 of Lieut. James Richardson, at Chelmsford, and managed that the deed should appear to be done by the Wamesit Praying Indians, that so the English should remove them from their village, or so persecute them as to drive them to the enemy. This crime was afterwards confessed by Nathaniel, a hostile Indian, who was taken at Dover by the strategy of Major Waldron, and executed at Boston. Although Lieut. Richardson declared that the "Praying Indians" were his warm friends, and would never injure him, their best friend in those parts, all availed nothing. The vulgar clamor prevailed, and the Court next day, passed an order for the troopers to bring down the Wamesits. * * * This order of the Council was carried out by a strong guard of troopers and infantry. The whole nimiber of Wamesits, in their village, was one hundred and forty-five, of whom only thirty-three were able-bodied men. The original order was for all to be brought down; but after the village had been broken up, and all had been started on the way, it occurred to the Council that there were no sufficient accommodations for so large a body of people, especially Indians, and they prudently ordered all, save the able-bodied, back to their village. The thirty-three men were brought down to Charlestown, and lodged in the town-house, under guard, for a few days, and then all except a few, against whom some suspicions existed, were returned to their homes. [Bodge, p. 397.] Three of the Indians were condemned and sent away to be sold as slaves. Later in the year the Wamesits met with another disaster, in the burning of a barn of hay, by some hostile Indian or English- man, for the purpose of casting reproach upon them. Lieut. Thomas Henchman, and Lieut. James Richardson, whose barn was burnt, were friends of these Indians, and in charge of them, and believed them innocent; but some of the English at Chelms- ford secretly organized a party, which went to the wigwams and shot down five women, seriously wounding them and killing a boy outright. The assault was unqualified, brutal murder. The lad was a son of a Sagamore, and grandson of a worthy old Sachem, Tahatawarre. The mother, who was among the dangerously wounded, was the daughter of the English "Sagamore John." This horrible outrage greatly exercised the Council; and the murderers, two fellows named Largin and Robbins, who were shown to be the ones who had fired their guns, loaded with shot, into the crowd, were arrested. But, notwithstanding the efforts 100 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD of the magistrates and ministers, with all the best men of the colony, no jury could be found to convict them; and, after an extended imprisonment, they were set free. By this act the rest of the Indians were so disheartened and frightened that they all forsook their villages and went away toward Pennacook to join Wannalancet. Sam Numphow and John Lyne, their rulers, sent back a written answer, by the messengers of the Council (sent to induce them to return, and promising protection), that they had confidence in the Council's good faith, but feared the people, and so were going away "to the French." * * * g^^^ being in straightened circumstances and earnestly reassured by the Council, they were induced to return after a few weeks; and Lieut. Thomas Henchman was placed in charge as their guardian, and Major Willard, Mr. Eliot and Major Gookin v/ent up and visited them. * * * Although the magistrates and their faithful friends, Eliot and Gookin, did all in their power to help them, these poor souls suffered terribly from cold and hunger during the winter. Bodge has this further to say: Against Eliot, Gookin and Danforth, the blind fury raged, and the lives of these true men were attempted in a cowardly manner on several occasions. In February the Wamesits, fearing the hostile Indians on the one hand, and their English neighbors on the other, petitioned to be removed to some safer place in the Colony. The Court promised, but neglected to take care of them, and the great body of them fled to Pennacook, to Wannalancet, being forced to leave behind, for the time, some half a dozen of their aged and blind, whom they considered safe, being helpless and harmless. After they were gone, these poor creatures were found and brutally murdered (being burned to death, as appeared, within their wigwams) by two brutes of the English, against whom nothing direct could be proved, but who were quite well known by the public, as they rather enjoyed such notoriety than feared it among their fellows. In this retreat of the Wamesits, Sam Numphow, their ruler, and Mystic George, died from exposure and famine. The foregoing account is from the full narrative given by Bodge. The Court's record, relating to Robbins and Largin, is here added. The letters and other documents which follow will explain themselves. They are arranged as nearly as possible in chronological order. EARLY GRANTS— THE INDIANS 101 "At an adjournment of the court of Assistants Nov. 19, 1675, George Robbins and Jno. Largin were Indicted and not found guilty. They were bound over to the next County Court at Cambridge in April to answer for their wounding of the Indians under the Court's protection." [Records of the Court.] In reference to this outrage, Increase Mather of Boston wrote in his diary: "It is to be feared yt yr is guilt vpon ye Land in resp. of ye Indians yea Guilt of blood in resp. of ye Indians so treacherously murdered at Chelmsford. I am affraid God will viset for yt gf [that grief]." LETTER OF NUMPHOW AND JOHN LINE. To Mr. Thomas Henchman of Chelmsford. [Whom the Council had asked to persuade them to return.] I, Numphow, and John a Line, we send a messenger to you again (Wepocositt) with this answer, we cannot come home again, we go towards the French, we go where Wannalancet is; the reason is, we went away from our home, we had help from the Council, but that did not do us good, but we had wrong by the English. 2dly. The reason is we went away from the English, for when there was any harm done in Chelmsford, they laid it to us, and said we did it, but we know ourselves we never did any harm to the English, but we go away peaceably and quietly. 3dly. As for the Island, we say there is no safety for us, because many English be not good, and may be they come to us and kill us, as in the other case. We are not sorry for what we leave behind, but we are sorry the English have driven us from our praying to God and from otir teacher. We did begin to understand a little of praying to God. We thank himibly the Council. We remember our love to Mr. Henchman and James Richardson [The marks of Numphow and John Line are afi&xed to the letter, which bears no date.] [Transact. Am. Antiq. Soc, Vol. II, p. 483.] Wepocositt was a servant to William Fletcher of this town. About twenty- three days after this, being much in want of food, the greater part of the Wamesits returned. Lieutenant Henchman informed the Council, who sent, as already stated, Gookin, Willard and Eliot, to encourage and settle them, and persuade the English at Chelmsford to be more friendly with them. Mr. Clarke, the minister of Chelmsford, asked the Indians what they had done while absent. They said they had kept three Sabbaths in the woods, that is, reading the Bible and praying to God, and otherwise deporting themselves as Christians. 102 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD ACTION OF THE GENERAL COURT. 1675. Oct. 13 — Whereas the Wa3nTiesitt Indians are vehemently- suspected to be actors & Concenters to the burning of a haystacke at Chebnsford, this Court judgeth it meet that such EngHshmen as cann inform or give euidence in the case be forth with sent for, and also those Indians now at Charls Towne, and the case to be heard by this Court, then & there to consider & conclude what wth the sajd Indians [Massachusetts Bay Records, Vol. V, p. 57.] It is ordered, that the major generall forthwith take order to secure the Indians at Wamesicke, & about Chelmsford. Vpon the Courts hearing the euidences produced against Wm Haukins, Indian, as to the firing the haystacke at Chelmsford, sentenct him to be sent away by the Treasurer. Two Indians, one an old man named Mannapaugh, & Mannen- esit, a young man, his sonn, pretending themselves to belong to Vncas, being found at Chelmsford, where the haystacke was fired, giving no reason of their coming & staying here, was judged to be spyes, and ordered to be sent away by the Treasurer. [Ibid, p. 58.] WARRANT TO SECURE WITNESSES AGAINST THE WAMESIT INDIANS FOR OUTRAGES COMMITTED AT CHELMSFORD. To Left. Tho. Hinchman & the Cunstable of Chelmsford You are hereby required in his Majty's name forthwith to sumon & require such & so many Englishmen as you or either of you know have heard or any of ye selectmen Wch you know cann Give any evidenc agt the Waymesit Indians wch have been actors or consentors to the burning of a Haystack in Chelmsford as also in reflEerence to the Indians now at Charls toune and require such persons as Cann testify in such respect to make their appearances before the Genl Court sitting in Boston the 25 inst at one of the clock in ye afternoon making your returne hereof nor to faile Dated in Boston 22 oct 1675 [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 30, p. 183.] Joseph sponnaur Condemned 29 octobr. '75 Sam I Indian condemed 29 octob John Indian sent down from left Tho. Hincksman Condemed [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 30, p. 183a.] THOS. HINCHMAN's LETTER CONCERNING THE INDIANS MENTIONED IN [183a]. Ye Honered Sir J Resefed Yover Honers wer in [wherein] you Recieved [required] me to sese the sqvaws wich be Lon[g] to Condemned indens and others who are rendered svspisiovs: Wo the Con- EARLY GRANTS— THE INDIANS 103 demned parsons are I knov not and so cold not tell will w[h]o to send dovn: bort J having som of the sobrist indens advis and all so thayer de sir that thes Company shold be sent down wich ar in nomer: 14: yon[g] and old: som of w[h]os husbans ar in the army others of them as J understand are sold or Condemd to be sold: not troblen yover honor any f order bot J sobcrib my Self Yover Sarvent To Command Tho: Henchman Chensford 30: 8 mo 75 [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 30, p. 184.] Mr. Eliot protested against selling Indians as slaves. THE PETITION OF JOHN ELIOT TO THE GOVERNOR AND COUNCIL "Sheweth 13th of the 6th 1675 That the terror of selling away such Jndians unto the Jlands fr perpetual slaves who shall yeild up ymselves to your mercy is like to be an effectual prolongation of the Warre. & such an exasperation of ym as may produce, we know not what evil conse- quences upon all the land." &c. [Massachusetts Archives. Vol. 30, p. 173.] The withdrawal of the Wamesit Indians into the wilderness occasioned great uneasiness, as it was feared they had joined the enemy. Some of the Chelmsford soldiers, who were in the more exposed garrisons at Groton, desired to be released because of this new peril at home. On September 8, 1675, the Council issued an order to Comet Thomas Brattle and Lieut. Thomas Henchman to march to Chelmsford with fifty men, collected, thirty from Norfolk (then a different county from the present one), and twenty from Middlesex County, and distribute them in the garrisons in the frontier towns of Groton, Lancaster and Dunstable. The men were to be left under the command of the chief officers in each town. For the succeeding months Major Willard was busily engaged in ordering the defences of the Middlesex frontier towns and settling the various bodies of friendly Indians. Garrisons were maintained at Lancaster, Chelmsford, Groton and Dunstable, and the entire available force of the country was kept in a "posture of war." [Bodge, p. 123.] 104 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD The following is the order to which reference has been made : For Cornet Thomas Bratle & Leiftenant Thomas Henchman. You are herby impoured & appointed with a party of horsmen vnder comand, forthwith to march to Chelmsford to attend & put in execution the instructions following: 1 first you are ordered with fifty soldiers that are appointed to meet you, at Leift Henchmans vizt thirty yt are to come from the county of Norfolke 8c twenty out of the county of Midlesex, that are ordered to neet you at Groton these fifty men you are ordered to sett in garrisons in the frontier townes of Dunstable, Groton, and Lancaster &c in such proportion as in your discretion shal bee expedient placing them vnder the comand of the cheefe military officers of each towne: glueing those officers direction: to joyne & lyst other meet persons of their owne companyes with them, & order them euery day to surraund the townes yey are to secure; & if they can to carry doggs with ym to search for & discouer any entmy that may aproch nere such towne & at night to repaire vnto such corps du gaurd, as are appointed to them for the security of the sd place, and there to keep watch by night; & furthermore you are to declare vnto the Inhabitants of each Towne (you are herby orderd to garrison) that the Gouernor & council do expect their bee meet prouisions of victual made for the garrison soldiers herby ordered, at ye charge of towne; whch is not to bee brought vnto the accot of the publicke; & if any town or people decline so to Doe so you are herby ordered not to leaue any soldiers with them. Secondly you are further ordered, to Vse your best endeuor to setle, compose & quiet matters respecting the Indians our neighboars, particularly those that Hue at Wamesit, Nashubah, & Malborough; yt you endeuer to put in execution the printed order, relating to those Indians & particularly yt you procure some english man or men to bee with ym or at least, to visit ym once a day to be as guardians for securing the english and Indians, that neither the one or other may bee piudiced or injured, & the council are willing to allow such person or psons a meet compensation for their seruice in yt Imploy. And concerning the Indians at Marlborow who are ordered to reside at Hassan- amesit about twelue miles distant whether you are to order the cheefe officer of Malborow to conuey them, & if you can possibly procure, an english man or two to reside with them, at Hassan- amesit according as the printed order proude but in case that can not bee obtained yn those Indians must be left at Hassan- amesit with exprse charge puncktualy to Obserue the printed order. Lastly you are to endeauor either one or both of you (if it may bee) to gaine the Indian Sachem called WannaJanset to com in againe and Hue at wamesit quietly [and] pecabley ; you may promise him in the CounciHs name yt if hee will returne & his people & Hue quietly at Wamesit hee shal susteyne No priudise EARLY GRANTS— THE INDIANS 105 by the english: only you are to ppose to him yt he deliuer for a hostage to the english his sonne who shalbe wel vsed by vs, & in case hee come in & can bee gained then you are to impour him to informe the Pennakooke & Natacook indians & all other indians on the East side of Merrimack Riuer, that they may Hue quietly & peacable in yr places & shall not bee disturbed any more by the english prouided they do not assist or ioyne with any of or enimiy nor do any dammage or preiudice to ye english: And hauing put in execution these instructions you are to retume home and giue an accot thereof to the Council. And what euer is necessary for fulfiling these Instructions you are herby impowred by order of the Gounor & Councel to do it. past by ye councel 8 September 1675 ERS. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 67, p. 252.] ORDER PERMITTING WAMESIT INDIANS TO GATHER THEIR HARVEST. At a meeting of the Council 21 of 7 bor 1675. It is ordered by the Councill that th Indians belonging to Wamesit, vnder Nobhow & John Alyne Rulers (they having approved themselves friends to the English) hau Liberty granted to gather their Come at Wemisett toune & to haue free Egress & regress to it from their fort neare Leif tenant Henchmans; prouided they do not goe any where whout th bounds of their plantation granted by the Genii Court & layd out to ym and this order to be & continue in force touching theise indians notwithstanding the old printed order Limitting ym not to travell above one mile from their wigwams. & All Englishmen are required to take notice of this order & not to molest theise indians in their lawfull employments duering the time of the Gathering & ining yr Corne. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 30, 176b.] CAPT. henchman's LETTER TO THE GOVERNOR. Chelmsford Sept 27, 75. Hond Sr In pursuance of my instructions; I and my Lieut, met at Major Willard's the last day of the week, with the Captaines of the severall townes directed to; as well for the drawing of the Souldiers, as to advise with them; for the first they promise they shall be sent to chelmsford at an hours warning and so will be ready here by that time I have provission for them; and that of absolute necessity for them will be powder shott biscake cheese and raisons, large and warme Wast-coats and drawers tobaco, some hatchets and a Chirurgion; for the later the Major and rest of the officers will advise to no other motion than about this and other towns; but I understanding the intent of the Ho'd Council 106 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD to be that I should march to Pennycooke although not named in my instructions ; I think it need full to acquaint your Hours there with, and desire your express there unto. I have not farther at present but to subscribe Sr your Hours humble Servant D. Henchman. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 67, p. 269.] Daniel Henchman was a trusted officer of Boston, at the above date in command of the Chelmsford garrison. ORDER FOR LT. THOS. HINCHMAN TO SEND 2 INDIANS TO TREAT WITH WANNALANCET. Boston 30 September 1675 It is ordered by the Councill That Leiftenant Thomas Henchman of Chelmsford do forthwith endevor to procure by hire one or two prudent & sutable jndians of Wamesit to trauill & seke to find out & speake with Wanna- lancent the Sachem & cary with them a writteng from the Councill, beeing a Safe conduct unto the said Sachem or any other principall men, not exceeding six persons, Belonging to Nantikook, penagooge or other people of thee northerly indians giving them free liberty to come into the house of the said Henchman ; where the Councill will appoint Capt Gookin & Mr Eliot (persons known to them) to treat with about termes of Amity & peace between them & the English, and in case Agreem'ts & Conclusions bee not made to mutuall satisfaction then the said Sachem & all others that accompany him, shall have free Liberty to retume Backe againe to their places without any preiudice or molestation By the English, and this offer the Councill are induced to make because the said Wannalancet sachem as they are informed hath declared himsefe that the English neuer did any wrong to him or his father Pasaconaway but alwais lived in Amity & that his said father Charged him so to doe and that hee ye said Wannalancet will not begin to do any wrong to the Englise. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 30, p. 178.] LETTER TO WANNALANCET. These for Wannalancett Sachem or for any other principal Persons of th indians that Live vpon Merrimacke riuer either Belonging to Natakoog Penngooge or others touns. This our writing or safe conduct doth declare that the Governour & Council of Massacusets Doe giue you: & evey of you provided you exceed not 6 persons free liberty of coming unto & Returning in Safty from the House of Leiftenant Thomas Henchman at Naamkeake & there to treat with Capt Daniel Gookin & Mr John Eliot: Whome you Know & wee wil EARLY GRANTS— THE INDIANS 107 fuly impoure to treat & conclude with you. upon such meet termes And Articles of friendship Amyty & subjection as was formerly made & concluded betwne the Englise and old Passa- conaway your father & his sonns & people: And for this end wee have sent these messengers. to conuay these vnto you & to bring yor Answer: Whome we desire you to treat Kindly & speedily to dispatch them Backe to us with yor Answer. Datted in Boston the fiuth day of October 1675. Signed by order of the Councill Edward Rawson Secrty John Leveret Govnor Past by ye Council [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 30, p. 179.] LETTER FROM SAM NUMPHOW. To the honoured gouvnour J Sam Numphow being com- manded to Carrie a letter to Wanna[lan]cit and we cam to pannakook a little further then we se sum of the punnakook Indians and asked them were wanna[lan]cit they sait he was at pemechowasick we went to Wannipposokick that was our way to goe to a pleace were they sait he was but when we cam to wannipposokick there we saw siim more indians we asked them were is the sachem they sait he went away three weeks agone irom pemechowasick he went toward the french and they tolled us two indians come from pascattoway today they tolled us they kiled two english men and taken one alive: ten indians in a company. And they tolled us there was sum more indians went out afore these last: from aospan and killed sum english and brought two children and one maid alive and they tolled us fifty more going out then we asked them which way doe they goe: they sait we can not tell. As we coming home we met with groton indians at panakook they tolled us they desired to com in our town Youres to command Sam Numphow 12 8 mo 75 [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 30, p. 182.] PETITION OF THOMAS HENCHMAN, OCT. 2, 1678. In 1675 the Gen Court ordered that Henchman should be paid by the Town of Chelmsford for maintaining several souldiers at his house on Merriinake River. His account is as follows: Account of Thomas Hinchmans Disburstments in Keeping of Garrison Souldiers which were sent to Garryson at Merrimake River by order of the Honord Councill. 108 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD For 6 sonlders from the 7th of August 1675 wch continued at the Garrison till ye 27th of June 1676 \ £ S. D. 46 weekes at 4 s. 8 d. per weeke j 64: 08: 00 For 4 souldiers from ye 27th of June 1676 and con- tinued untill the 1st of October 1676 13 weekes 5 1- 12: 02: 08 days at 4 s. 8 d. per weeke For 3 soulders of Majr Pykes who continued at ye sd Garrison one month and 3 from Ipswich six S- 07 : 00 : 00 weeks. Summa £83: 10. 8 A committee was appointed to lay out some Indian land, "neere adjacent," which should satisfy the petitioner — [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 69, p. 211.] ACTION OF THE GENERAL COURT. Whereas Left Thomas Hinchman hath been at great charge in providing ffor the diet of certeine souldjers appointed to garrison his house vpon Merremacke riuer, where sundry Englishmen, his neighbours, are concerned, which is a very apt place to secure that frontier, and besides, the sajd Hinchman hauing, vpon all occasions, binn very serviceable, and hath expended much. time and charge to put in execution sundry orders and directions sent to him from the Council, this Court doe order, that the souldiers of that garrison be mainteyned both for diet at the toune of Chehnsfords charge for the tjme to come, and vntill the Court or council take further order; and further more that tenn pounds be allowed him for his extraordinary expences and labour out of the Country treasiiry. 1675. oct. 13. [Records of Massachusetts Bay, Vol. V, p. 54.] 1675. oct, 13, Seven country rates were ordered to be levied. Chelmsford's tax was £14. 18. 00: Boston's, £300: Concord's, £33. 19. 10: Groton's, £11. 10. 00; Billerica's, £14. 07. 00. "All sorts of Come paid in said rates:" Wheat at 6 shillings; rye, 4/6; barly and pease, 4 shillings; Indian, 3/6; oats, 2 shillings per bushel. If paid in money, 1 /4 abated. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 68, p. 29a.] Prayers were ordered to be said daily in Camp. ORDER FOR CAPT GOOKIN AND OTHERS TO PERSUADE THE INDIANS AT CONCORD & CHELMSFORD TO SETTLE AT DEER ISLAND. It is ordered that Maior willard Capt Gookin & Mr. Danforth with Mr. Eliot, by the first oppertunity are to repayre to Concord & Chelmsford & to examine those Jndians there & to vse their EARLY GRANTS— THE INDIANS 109 best endeuor to setle them in sure a posture either at Deare Jland or in the pieces where they live so yt they who are friends to the English may be secured & the English in those parts also securied & as much as may satisfied with their setlement & the said Comittee or any two or three of them are impoured to effect this matter, & they are to vse their best indeur. that those indians may be imployd & kept to lauber & take Care they bee all disarmed 9 december 75 Past by ye Council Edw. Rawson D. Secrety [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 30, p. 190.] PETITION OF FRIENDLY INDIANS NEAR CHELMSFORD ASKING FOR PROTECTION. To the much honoured Govornour and Counsel We pray you Consider how we may be secured from the Indians now the snow is of the ground and they Com When they will to do Mischif nere to us for there is one Indian runaway from the Chansforth and he tell them how we are well among the English, if your worshipfull please brouoid place for us where we may be both for for planding and wod and for food pray consider our condison with speed Mark of Nanphow John liing his marke Simon Betogkom Sam Nanphow [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 30, p. 191.] PETITION OF CITIZENS OF CHELMSFORD. To the honored Comite of Majestrs yt are to mete at Namcock about the dispose of the Wamasak Indians We ye humble petitioners of the Town of Chelmsford, do humbly Intreat yt you would bee pleased to take [into consideration] our dangerous Conditions yt We are in, in refferance to our Hues & estate by reason of the retoiu^ne of the Wamasak Indians Emongst us: & also on[e] Indian whose name is Wibecusit & his wife yt is & have been harboured in a family Emongst us in the former Indians absence these are humbly to Intreat yr honors to take som such a course wth them as may seeme best to jnr Juditious eyes so as they may not be a snare unto us: we leaue you & yr wayty concerns to the wise disposinge hand of god & rest Yrs in the name of Dated this 13th of The Toune the 10th Mo. [December] 1675 William Underwood John Burge Thos Chamberlin [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 30, p. 186.] 10. Billerica. 15. 10. Andover. 10. 20. Concord. 20. 10. 110 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD NUMBER OF MEN TO BE RAISED FOR GARRISON SERVICE IN 1676. Magestrates consentt provided the proportion bee. Sudbury. 20. Haverhill. / Braintry. 10. Chelmsford. \ having already 12 JndiansMedfild. Bradford. 10. Weymouth. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 68, p. 252.] 1675/6. Jan. 11. "It was ordered by the Council that the Garrison Souldjers at Chelmsford, Billerica, Groaten, Lancaster, Marlborough, and Sudbury, under Major Willard, be discharged forthwith, and sent home"; and at the same time it was voted to pay them "two months' pay on their returne." This may have been done at the request of the people in the above-named towns, because we know that in many cases these garrison soldiers become very obnoxious to the citizens * * * [Bodge.] It is ordered by the Councill that the County Treasurer pay & satisfy Jeraphmiel Bowers of Chelmsford thirty shilling in part of his wages, for gaurding the Wamesit Jndians being appointed thereunto by order of the Councill 4 ffebr. 75/6 [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 30, p. 191.] Cowley says: On the third of February, 1676, some of Philip's partizans attacked Chelmsford and burned several build- ings. Colbum's garrison on the east side of the Merrimack was now strengthened and nearly all the outer settlements were deserted. A second attack was made on the 20th of March, and Joseph Parker was wounded. These dates seem not to correspond with those here given from other sources. A letter from Groton, written by Capts. Parker, Wheeler and Woodys in Feb. 1675-6 says: "The Touns from whence our forces are raised especially Chelmsford and Billerikey, being weak and in want of more strength at home and danger accreuing to them by the sudden and suspicious removall of the Wamassuk Indians," they demand a release. LETTER FROM THE "COMMITTEE OF THE MILITIA" OF CHELMSFORD. To our Honord Governor & Counsail in Boston Mercy and peace May it please your Honors, we have judged our Duty, to acquaint to you, with our present con- dition, and danger of following or Brethren and Neibors in the Hor- rible distructiens, mines and loss of our owne lives and or relatiens. The Savages have been for a day or two discovered to have ranged aboite or Borders; and this morning about an hower and halfe after sunrising, Joseph Parker of this place, with his son, coming EARLY GRANTS— THE INDIANS 111 for the Hon'd Major Willard, about fower mile from or meeting house, along by some houses perteyning to this town, now against one house standing nigh the way, way-layed, and had ye Indian Bullets thick (as they Report) about them, and were followed, by about 10 nilk guns, discharging at them and shouting: they rod fast to escape them: the young man was wounded in his shoulder by a Musket Bullet, as cut out on the other side of his Arme, and as we conceive, by pistol Bullets his cloathes torne in several places. Or men, ye inhabitants of ye saide place, never came away into towne over-night, but some as we heare gone up hastyly this morning, to see after their cattle; we are in such a posture, as without God's extraordinarye help, we see not how we can stand against the enemy. Or garrisons are so weake, and or men so scattered about their personal occasions: that we are without rational hope, for want of men, and what is otherwise necessary. Argnts [arguments] we shall not need to use to yr Wisdoms to consider or necessity of help : If or frontiere Touns be cutt off, what will be the consequence, Itis not for us to say. We leave it humbly unto yr Hon'd to doe as God shall persuade your hearts. Commending all yr and our concerns unto the Lord Almighty, and subscribe Yr Hon'dr to command. Chelmsford— 15 of 12. 75 [15 Feb. 1676] Post Scr. May it please to understand, yt part of or men are abroad with Majr Willard; upon public service, whereby we are the more enfeebled. Sam. Adams Samuel Fletcher William Fletcher. [Coll. N. H. H. Soc, Vol. Ill, p. 97.] ANOTHER LETTER. For the Honord Governor of the Massachusetts- or Honord Major General : at Boston Mercy & peace May it please yor Honors tht we owne orselves greatly obliged for the Signal care yor Honors & the honord Counsile, had of us when we were put into or late pplexed feares, with respt to or Enemies, lately alarming of us, in sending for the prsent succor Capt Reynolds & his company; through wch means through Gods Blessing, the Enemies designs upon us further haue ben Retarded hitherto : So where as this morning. Capt Reynolds hath recejved order to goe off from us towards Malbury : & we have for several days, had Expence of Jndian Scouts about or Towne, & the last night, (as this day we are Jnformed from Billereccy) was Seene on or side yt River betwene us, some fires, supposed by them, to be Jndians & this day about 11 of yc clock some house seemed on 112 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD fire, belonging to or Towne, wherevpon, some Scouts sent out, & a company of Capt Reynolds & others Marching out after them, the horsemen came up to about the place where Joseph Parkr was formerly shot & found three dwelling houses burnt nigh downe to the ground, & where Jndians had been, Att other houses in that parte of the Towne, ye houses deserted by the Jnhabitants, & come into the body of or towne, the sd Horsemen also Report that they also discovered aboute three Mile from the sd Houses, in a dis mal wood some fires, as if there might be some smale body of Jndians wigwams, wch Jntimate that the Enemy are not far from us, so as upon the motion of Capt. Reynolds from us; tis most probable, we shall be soone assaulted, & we yet in to weake a posture for Resistance: And therefore "we humbly Beseech your Honors to doe us this further favor, as by yor "countermand to the sd Capt Reynolds, to order his & his company "to reside (at least wise for some days) still amongst us : and withall you would please to order to Billerecay or otherwise, the securing there Bridge in there towne, betwene them & us : & May it please yor Honors, to Consider, that several of or men are prest out, some by or Honord Major Willerd of Troops, some upon the otherside of Merimake, to the present assistance & security of ye Colburns, we adde no further but to commend yor Honors to the protection & direction of the Almighty & Rest yor Honors to serve in the Lord Chelmsford Sam Adams 25 of 12. 75 Sam Foster Will Fletcher [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 68, p. 144a.] Lieut. Nathaniel Reynolds was in command of the garrison at Chelmsford in the fall and winter of 1675-6, and on February 25th the inhabitants petitioned the Court that he be allowed to remain, with his soldiers, for their protection. After the war he was prominent in the early history of Bristol, R. L He was born in England, the son of Robert and Mary; was of Boston, as early as 1632. He married Sarah Dwight of Dedham, Nov. 30, 1657. She died, July 8, 1663, and he married Priscilla Brackett, of Boston, before Feb. 21, 1666. He had three children by his first wife: Sarah, Mary, Nathaniel. By his second wife: John, Peter, Philip, Joseph, Hannah, Mary, Benjamin, Ruth. He was of the Artillery Company in 1658, and admitted freeman in 1665. I EA RL Y GRA NTS— THE INDIA NS 113 ACT OF THE GENERAL COURT. 21 February 1675-6 Vppon consideration of many sculking Indians about our plantations doing much mischeife & damage, & that a probable way for their surprizall is by scouting in smale partjes, for encouragement thereof, this Court doeth order, that euery person or persons that shall surprize, slay, or bring in prisoner any such Indian on the south side of Piscataqua Riuer, he or they shallbe allowed three pounds per head, or the prisoners so taken, making it appeare to the Comittee of Militia of that toune to wch they are brought. According to Hubbard, the burning of a part of Chelmsford took place about March 18, 1676, and on April 15 "fourteen or fifteen houses" were burned. John Monoco, one-eyed John, a leader of the Indians, had boasted that as he had burnt Mediield and Lancaster, so he would burn Groton, Chelmsford and other towns. March 18, several houses on the north side of the river, belonging to the Cobums, were burned, probably in retaliation, by the Wamesits, and two sons of Samuel Varnum were shot and killed while crossing the river with their father and sister in a boat to tend their cattle on the other side. One of them fell back dead into his sister's arms. Varnum shouted to the stupified soldiers who accompanied them, "Don't let dead men sit at the oars." The young men were buried by the river, on the Howard farm. The guard of soldiers with them were so taken by surprise that the Indians escaped. Drake mentions this attack upon Chelmsford, "where were many deserted houses burned in the beginning of April, 1676." See also, "Indian Wars of New England": Sylvester, Vol. II, p. 293. At the motion and request of Lieft Henchman of Chelmsford, about quitting his hovise at Merrimack, The Council declare yt they are willing for the present to continue the file of solders yt are there as formerly, and that Mr Henchman is impourered [sie] to take in any persons to abide with him to Keepe Garrison, and for their incouragement he shall abide neer to grant such persons liberty to improve any part of the Indians' land within the bounds of Wameset and Naamkeke untill the Council or General Court take further order. [Past 21 March 1675-6] Coll. N. H. H. Soc, Vol. Ill, p. 99.] 114 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD In Boston many maintained that God had set the savages upon the people of New England for neglect to persecute "false worshippers." Quaker meetings were forbidden, some harmless Indians were murdered, and there was bitter feeling, even against the Christian Indians and their superintendents, Daniel Gookin, and Thomas Danforth. The following is a sample of the Placards threatening Messrs. Gookin and Danforth with death, as favorers of the Indians. Boston February 28, 1675. Reader thou art desired not to suppress this paper but to promote its designe which is to testify (those traytors to their King and Country) Guggins and Danford, that some generous spirits have Domed their destruction, as Christians wee warne them to prepare for death, for though they will deservedly dye; yet we wish ye heal the of their soules. By ye new Society A. B. C. D. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 30, p. 193.] Council's act to Secure the corne at Chelmsford. 15. Febr. 1675. The Councill orders that Lieftenant Hinchman take speedy & effectual care that all the corn at the Houses of Colborn & his sons on the East side of Merrymock Riuer or any other Houses there be secured by transporting the same over to his own house, or if any other way be more advisable that he forthwith giue notice to the Councill. And he is hereby Authorized to impresse what help is needful, past E. R. S. [Edward Rawson, Sec'y-] 15 Feb. 1675 [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 68, p. 135b.] The following letter from a "chyrurgeon," or surgeon, who seems to have been sent to Chelmsford to be useful in case of need, gives some indication that there was fear of an attack at the time it was written. He may have been sent to attend the wounded man of whom he writes. Chelmsford N. E: March ye 20th 1675 Honord Sr. J bless God I came safely hither but was much troubled with a Jadish horse who tyred by that tyme we gott to Cambridge, so that wee had much adoo to gett him to Woobom. I am in very good Quarters & the Capt is very kinde to mee and extra- EA RL Y CRA NTS— THE INDIA NS 115 ordinary civill, Sr. the young man that was shott in the Belly dyed about two of the Clock this morning he was mortally wounded for his bowells were pricked with ye shott I took out a worme about 4 or 5 inches long & did dress his wounds, good Sr. I humbly intreat you to pray the Councill to grant us a stronger guard for wee expect the Jndians every hour to fall upon us & if they come wee shall be all cutt off. Sr. J would desire you to send mee a paire of fforceps & a probe with an Jncission knife, Thus hoping you will grant me my request, for without those Jnstruements J can do nothing. J remain in hast hauing not time to inlarge att present. Sr. Yor obliged Servant David Middleton. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 68, p. 168a.] David Middleton was credited in Capt. Scottow's Company, January, 1677-8. Oct. 24, 1676, he received £3. 5. 0. pay. At the siege of Brookfield in the early part of August, 1675, Edward Colbum of Chelmsford was killed at the ambuscade; and John Waldo was wounded, as was also Captain Wheeler, who being unable to conduct the defense of the garrison, appointed to that office Simon Davis of Concord, James Richardson and John Fiske of Chelmsford. Those engaged in this affair from Chelmsford, and who received credit for military service under Capt. Thomas Wheeler were : Oct. 19th, 1675. John Bates. 01 14 03 November 30th JohnWaldoe. 04 00 00 John Fisk. 01 14 09 Jan'y 25, 1675-6. James Richardson. 02 02 00 [Bodge, p. 113.] Edward Colbum also doubtless belonged to Wheeler's troop. John Fisk was the son of the minister. After the fight, the famous Cornelius Anderson, known as Consort to Captain Roderigo, the chief of the pii-ates, who had taken part, marched from Brookfield to Groton and Chelmsford. 116 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD In the Return of the Middlesex Comittee. dated Cambridge 28. 1 m. [March] 1676, is this proposal: 1 : That ye townes of Sudbury, Concord and Chelmsford be strengthened with forty men a peice, which sd men are to be improued in scouting betwen toune and toune, who are to be Comanded by men of prudence, courage and interest in ye sd townes and ye partys in each toune are to be ordered to Keepe together in some place comodious in ye sd tounes, and not in garison houses: and these men to bee vpon ye toune charge of ye country. A thousand bushells of corn were to be raised upon the Indian land at Wamesit, and there was to be scouting between there and And over, and on the west of Concord river, on the east and north of Chelmsford. Major Willard on complaint of the people of Chelmsford fortified Billerica bridge, and seized two great rafts which the Indians had in possession. In a letter dated April 1, 1676, from the Council to Major Savage, they express a fear that Chelmsford may meet the fate of Groton and Lancaster. The Council decided to brave the popular prejudice against employing friendly Indians in the war, and April 21, 1676, Capt. Samuel Hunting and Lieut. James Richardson drew up and furnished their company of forty Indians at Charlestown. They were ordered first to march to the Merrimack near Chelmsford, and build a fort and settle a garrison at the fishing place — the great (Pawtucket) falls, but the attack on Sudbury turned Capt. Hunting in that direction where he did good service, his company being doubled in number, and furnished with arms sent from England. The services rendered at Sudbury put the Christian Indians into better favor. The fort at Pawtucket falls was built in the simimer and autumn of 1676. Credited under Capt. Hunting. Samuel Hunting, Capt. 21.00.00 William Browne 01.05.08 James Richeson, Lieut. 10.10.00 Andrew Robinson 01.15.06 Nathaniel Dunklin 05.05.00 Thomas Frost 03.01.08 Sept 23, 1676 Jacob Farar 02.18.00 Benjamin ColHns 01.08.06 Thomas Peach 02.07.00 John Devericks 01.08.06 In general, accounts were not kept with the Indians. [Bodge.] EA RL Y CRA NTS— THE INDIA NS 117 ORDERS & INSTRUCTIONS, FOR MR SAMUEL HUNTING & JAMES RICHARDSON, April 25, 1676. 1 You are ordered (with all conuenient Dispatch) To take the conduct & comand of Such English and Indians as are ordered to accompany you & with them to march vp to the fishing places vpon Merrimack riuer (neare Pawtuckt falls) & in the most conuienient place there to erect a fortification Sutable for yor company & build such shelters within it as may bee nescerary according to yor best Discretion- 2 But while you are in hand wth this worke you are to send forth dayly one fowerth part of yor men vnder meet conductt both english & indians to scout on the north side of Merrimack riuer about or toune of Billerekey, Chelmsford, Andouer & woobume, according to yor best discretion & to order the retume of yor men to yor quarters at times appointed 3 If you meet wth the enimy you are to use yor best skill & vtmost endeuer to sease kill & destroy ym 4 For prouision for yor men wee conceue yr wilbe store of fish to be taken : for wh end you are to carry twine to make Scoop netts, or other netts wch yor indians are ready to do, & for supply of come Leift Tho Henchman hath promised to supply for the prsent at his house ther for wh you are to pass yor recept & take his order for the delivry of it 5 what you shall need for earring on yor worke of fortification & building a shelter you have a warrent to the constables of these townes to supply it, either carts or boards or any other thing, and the comisoners are to furnish you wth tools nails Twine or any other thing nessecary for this affayre 6 If you find any conuenient parcel of planting land Deserted by the english or indians vpon either side of merimake riuer or vpon any Hand you are to incoridg the english & indians vnder yor comand to plant it for ther owne Benifit, prouided the maine designe of scouting After the enimy & secviring those parts bee not neglegted but vigorusly prosecuted from time to time with a part of yor company: — 7 If any of the neighbour townes bee at any time assaletd or Alarmed you are wh all speid to endeaur to succor such place provid you leaue on fourth part of yor men at yor fort to secure a retreat 8 you are wh all care to Gouenern the solders vnder yor comand according to the Rules of Gods word & the wholsome laws of the country & take care to punish all profaines & wickednes. 9 wee have & doe ordered James Richardson late of Chelmsford to bee yor second and assistant. 118 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD 10 All soldiers vnder yor comand are required to submitt & giue obedience to all the LawfuU comands of yor selfe & officers at yr perrll Lastly you are to giue intellegence to the councill from time to time of all occurences: So desiring the Lords Presence & Blessing with & vpon your vndertaking for the publilce good so wee commit you to God. wee are yo obi freinds Edwd Rawson Seceret by order of ye council [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 68, p. 211a.] This Order was sent To the Constables of Chelmsford, Bilerekey, Andover and Woobume. You and every of you are hereby required in his Ma'ties name within your respective touns, to impress carts, boards, or other things necessary to build a fortification and shelter at Pautucket falls neare Merrimack river, under the Command of Samuel Hunting, for which this shall be yor Warrant, and futher more the townes afforesaid are to take notice, yt if at any time you be assaulted, you may send to the said Samuel Hunting for succor, whom we hau ordered to give you ayd as occasion shall require. Dated 19 April 1676. [Coll. N. H. H. Soc, Vol. HI, p. 99.] Capt. Samuel Hunting was born July 22, 1640, the son of John Hunting of Dedham. He settled at Chelmsford and later at Charlestown. He married Hannah Hackburne of Roxbury, Dec. 24, 1662, and had ten children. He was killed by the accidental discharge of his gun, Aug. 19, 1701. Lieut. James Richardson moved from Woburn to Chelmsford in 1659 & there (Captain Thomas Marshall, by special Act, being empowered to solemnize the marriage) married, November 28, 1660, Bridget Henchman, daughter of Thomas, and by her had 8 or more children. He was with Captain Wheeler in the defence of Brookfield and with Simon Davis, of Concord, and John Fiske, of Chelmsford, was appointed by the Captain, who was disabled by his wounds, to Manage the defence. He was afterwards active in the war; removed to Charlestown, May 1, 1676 & served as Lieutenant with Captain Samuel Hunting in his mixed English and Indian Com- pany in the summer and fall of that year at Pawtucket falls, where they built a fortification and maintained a garrison, of which Lieut. Richardson was left in Charge as well as of the Christian Indians at Chelmsford. He was well acquainted with the ways of the Indians and had great influence with them. Bridget, widow of James Richardson, married William Chandler of Andover, October 8, 1679. EARLY GRANTS— THE INDIANS 119 ORDER. It is ordered that twelve pound of pouder wth Shot answerable be delivered to the Committee of Militia of Chelmsford for so much lent by them out of their store to captain Sill at Groton. And it is further ordered that the Comissarye Mr Jno faireweatherer forthwith convey ouer to ye Constable to Charles- toun half a barrell of pouder & proportionable shott to be delivered to the persons appointed to carry the same to Capt Scyll at Groton together with twelve pounds of pouder with shott answerable to be conveyed & delivered to ye comittee of Militia of Chelmsford for somme lent by them to Capt Scyll for the Country service. 22 ApriU 1676 past. Edw. Rawson. Secy. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 68, p. 221a.] TO THE CONSTABLES OF CHARLESTOUNE These require you in his Majestys name forthwith on sight hereof to Jmpresse two able men completeately armed with fouer Days provission and two very substantiall horses bridles & Sadies & well shod to convey & carry the amu'tion to Chelmsford &Groaten & deliver the same to Capt Scill as comissary faireweather shall direct making 50- returne hereof, dated in Boston the 22d of Aprill 1676. By ye Council Edw Rawson Secret Deacon Elliot. You are ordered to deliver two of the countrys horses ye best you have in yr hands to constable Monsall for ye ends above expressed. 22 Aprill 1676 By ye councill Edw. Rawson Seer. [Ibid, p. 221b.] In May the Court ordered Nashoba and Natick Indians removed to Pawtucket under supervision of Hinchman, Fletcher and others. LETTER FROM CHELMSFORD To ye Honored Govrnor of ye Massachusets May it please yor Honor. This evening Jnformation comming to hand, of An Indian amongst others yt is come along with Wanalaunset, unto Mr Tings Garison: called Hankancor (& ordinarily by the English) al. Calacumbine: who was certajnely known to be amongst the Indians, )rt shot at Lieftenant Hicksman at our toune end & fired 120 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD afterward in the same day, at Tenne — which sd Indian was one (as is affirmed) of ye Guides of those murderers company : & soone he discharged his Gun upon some of the sd Company : considering several things, we have thought fit rather then to apprehend & bring the sd Jndian before yr Honors: to petition yor Honors, he may be sent for, & examined, & testimonies as may come agst him, be called for, & the sd Jndian to be secured, or at least disposed of from these parts. We being put into so great fears, by reason of ye mischeive is apprehended, he hath ben already amongst us achiefd (?) and if It please yor Honors, that Leift. Tho: Hinksman, Jerahmeel Bowers, or who may be nominated by either of ym, may be examined as to ye Case. Not further to trouble yor Honors: Desiring Gods presence with yor Honors we surcease Yor Honors most obliged Jno ffiske senr Chelmsford Samuel ffoster Senr 4. of 4. (June 4) John ffiske Junr. 76 Edward Spauldyng [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 30, p. 222a.] ORDER. The Councill having received information by Major Waldem of the Coming in of Wanalanset, with the sachim of Penicook & several other Jndians now at Cocheechee, & that they have brought in severall english captives & freely delivered them, as a testimony of their goodwill to the English & their desire to maintain peace & friendship with us; as also that by order of the Comittee there, three Jndians of the number abovesayd in hold as having an hand in the Killing of two Englishmen & Captivating those that they have now brought in. It is ordered that the comittee for treating with the Jndians in those Eastern parts are licensed & Authorized if they see cause to imploy those Jndians so come in, in the publick service against the enemy having some English in same Company. & for that end supply them with competent Amunition & that they may also send out with them any one of the Jmprisoned Jndians retayning & effectually securing the other two, that they may all three take their tumes to goe out if incouragement be found So to doe. 15 June 1676. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 30, p. 204.] ORDER. It is ordered that the garrison souldiers of Chelmsford, Billericay & Concord be dismissed unless those Townes or any of them shall make it appear, when ordered to the Council that there is a necessity of continuing them or any part of them and the Comanders of those several towns and the garrison souldiers are hereby required to take notice of this order 1st August 76 past E R S [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 69, p. 33.] EARLY GRANTS— THE INDIANS 121 PETITION OF MOSES CLEVELAND. To the honored Govrnor & councell May it please yr hons. yt my brother Saml Cle viand hath been in ye service more then these twelve months & harvest & hay time coming in, & J being disenabled by ye lameness of my arm, request yt you would be pleased to release my brother yt we may get in our corn & hay for ye preservation of or selves & cattle, & therein we shall be obliged to further service when yor honrs call us thereunto. Yor. sevt. Moses Cleavland. Aug 1st. 76 granted E R S Samuel Cleaveland is released & dismist the Country's service E R S [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 69, p. 31a.] LOSSES AT CHELMSFORD. To left hinchman Deputy from Chelmsford Sir: The Consideration of the losses that Chelmsford sustained by the Enemy and the laste law made the 3d of May last that the losers should have a meete Alottment in ther proportions in ther Rattes is argument to the Selectt men to psent what they with the Alowance of the honored Jenl. Courtt Judge meette to Alow to the Several persons as foloeth out of ther 10 Rates now Required. Jt to John Burge Sen —01—19—04 It. to Thom Chambrlin Sen —02—18—04 Jt to Robertt proctor —04—00—00 Will Underwood —03—16—00 Thom Chambrlin Jun —02—00—02 Thom Adams —03—06—06 Joseph Spaldin —01—15—08 Andrew Spaldin —01—13—04 John Stevens —01—16 — 08 left Sam Foster —00—12—06 Solomon Keies —01—17—06 Will Wood Senr Slain —01— 05— €6 John Wattill slain —00—16—08 Joseph butterfeld —00—09—00 Nath butterfield —00—03—00 Jt. to John Wright —01—18—00 Edward Spalding —01—09 — 09 John Sheply Jun —01—02—08 John Sheply Sen —00—02—06 James Richardson — 01 — 13 — 04 Joseph Perkins —01—14—00 122 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD More loss in the Country Rats by persons and Estats removed from us It to Ed leborns 10 Rattes —03- -11—06 Robertt leborns 10 Ratts —01- -10—00 John leborns 10 Ratts —01- -10—00 Thorn leborns 10 Ratts —01- -07—02 Sam varnum 10 ratts —03- -04—04 Thom Willkinson 10 Rats —01- -04—00 left hinchman estat in partt ] ved J —03- -09—08 and his person remo 53: 07: 01 5 Agust 1676 by the selectt men of Chelmsford Sam Adams John Burge Thomas Adams William Underwood Thos Chamberline sen This Account of '53:7: 1 was allowed to be abated out of their to (sic) thier last 10 countrey Rates William park The deputyes approve of the Hugh Mason returne of theire Comittee John Wayt and to this account ye Honorble 25 oct. '76. Magestrates consenting hereto William Torrey, Clerk. Consented to by ye Magistrates Ed. Rawson D. Secrety [Supreme Judicial Court. Early Court Files, No. 1521.] ABATEMENT. "In ansr. to the petition of the selectmen of Chelmsford, &c, it is ordered, that Chelmsford be allowed & abated the sume of fiuety three pounds seven shillings and one penny out of their last tenn county rates, toward theire losses." (by the Indian ennemy) Oct. 12, 1676. [Records of Massachusetts Bay, Vol. V, p. 125.] In an Account of People Distressed by the war in Mass. Colony, taken Jan 22 1676/7 we find: In Chettinford [Chelmsford] 11 familyes containing 44 persons £6. 12S. OD. [Coll. N. H., Hist. Soc, Vol. Ill, p. 101.] EARLY GRANTS— THE INDIANS 123 GENERAL DANIEL DENISON's LETTER. Sr. Yesterday I received a letter from Capt. Brocklebanck at Marlborough signifying his desire of being dismissed with his company the reasons he alleadges are 1. their necessities & wants having beene in the countryes service ever since the first of January at Narriganset & within one weeke after their return were sent out againe having neither time nor money (save a fortnights paye upon their march) to recruite themselves 2. he saith they doe little where they are: & he understands they are called off by the Council. I shall make bould to request the like favor in the behalfe of those (at least) some of those troopers 8c dragoons of Essex that went out last, intended for Hadley but by reason of the disaster at Groton diverted to Concord &c. to beate of & prose- cute the enemy in those parts and I directed orders to Major Willard, that with those he first tooke up wth him & then sent, together with the garrisons at Marlborough Lancaster & Chelms- ford (if need more) in all above 200 men he might not only defend the townes but might prosecute the enemy there, being within 2 dayes march, but I heare of no such attempt nor indeed of any considerable improvement of them that hath beene, or is like to be. I am therefore soUicitous for many of them that out of a respect to myself went willingly, hoping of a speedy returne to their families and occasions some of them more than ordinary great and urgent I entreate therefore they may be prsently considered & eased to attend the seed time &c. and if there be necessity that others may be sent in their roomes, who may with far less detriment be spared. The stockade from Watertowne to Wamesit, might better be from Watertowne to Sudbury river 9 miles taking in more country, & that river being as good a stop as the stockade the greatest objection is Merrimack river though broad yet I understand is fordable in 20 places betweene Wamesit & Haveril, & cannot be safe without guards wch must be kept upon it, for hast I Jumble many things, wch be pleased to pardon. The Lord Looke in mercy upon his poore distressed people upon your selves in particular so prayes your humble Servant Ips March 27: 1676 Daniel Denison. [Bodge, p. 214.] Daniel Denison, of Ipswich, was the highest militarj'- officer of the Colony. A line of fortifications or bulwarks was projected, to extend from Charles river to Merrimack river. It was to be a fence of stockade or stones, about eight feet high, for protection against the Indians. The large ponds along the route were to form a part of the defence. An anonymous letter to the Governor recommended the use of dogs against "the savage foe." 124 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD A list of soldiers under Capt. William Torner from the 7th of April, 1676, contains John ffiske Left, wounded Benjamin Barrett [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 68, p. 212.] In a list of men wounded at Eastward, sent from Salem, July 4, 1677, are these names: Jacob Parker of Chelmsford; shot through ye Shoulder. Tho. Button of Bellricke; shot in ye knee & body. Slain : Andiver. Jno Parker James Parker Lin: one man wch was all they sent [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 69, p. 137.] The following indicates the spirit of the times: In 1676, On the "Sabbath" Jonathan Atherton, a poor soldier, "cut a peece of an old hatt to put in his shooes" which galled his feet from long use, and emptied two or three cartridges from which the povv^der was leaking and which had become dangerous to carry. He was sentenced by Capt. Henchman to lose a fortnight's pay, and petitioned the Hon. Governor and Council to have the fine remitted ; "yet if it be deemed a breach of the Sabbath, he desires to be humbled before the Lord, and beggs the pardon of His people" Jonathan Poole petitioned to have the fine remitted, giving Atherton a good character; but the Council declared that they saw no cause to grant the petitioner any relief. LETTER FROM JAMES PARKER TO THE HON'rED GOVNER AND COUNCIL AT BOSTOWN: HAST POST HAST: From Mr. Hinchman's farme ner Meremack: 23: Imo: [March] 1676-7. To the Honred Govner and Counsell. This may informe youer honores that Sagamore Evanalanset [Wannalancet] come this morning to informe me, and then went to Mr. Tynge's to informe him that his son being one ye outher sid of Meremaek River a hunting, and his dauter with him up the River over against Souhegan upon the 22 day of this instant, about tene of the Clock in the morning, he discovered 15 Indens on this sid the River, which he soposed to be Mohokes by ther spech. He Called to them, they answered, but he culd not understand ther spech: and he having a canow [canoe] there in the River, he went to breck his canow that they might not have ani ues of it, in the mene time thay shot About thirty guns at him, and he being much frighted fled and come home forthwith to Nahamcok, wher ther wigowemes now stand. Not Eles at present, but Remain youer sarvant to Comand. Re'd 9 night 24 : Mrch 76-7 James Parker. [Shattuck Manuscripts, also printed in N. H. H. Soc. Coll., Vol. Ill, p. 100.] EARLY GRANTS— THE INDIANS 125 ORDER OF THE COUNCIL, JUNE 15th, 1677. It is reffered to Major Gookin forthwith to Supply Leift. Richardson & his pty at Chehnsford with provision Ammunition & appl necessary & to order him to scout & range ye woods between Merrimack & Pascatawq River & endeavour to kill and sease ye Lurking enemy in those parts for wch the Major is ordered to encourage ym wth a reward of twenty shillings for every scalpe & forty shillings for every prisoner or ye prisoner. And also to make up in number 25 men, & to order ym after some time spent there, to mrch to Blackpoint garison & Their to bee at ye ordering of Liftenant Tipping until further order from the Council the time of Randevous at Blackpoint is to bee the 26 of this Instant June if possible. Past. Edwd Rawson, Secretary. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 69, p. 129.] About ninety English and Natick Indians, under Captain Swett and Lieutenant James Richardson, were engaged in the fight at Blackpoint, July 29, 1677, where both lost their lives- "The Lieutenant was killed soon after the first onset." Chelmsford escaped the terrible fate of some of the other frontier towns, and this was, no doubt, due in part to the influence of Wannalancet and the friendly Wamesits, but the inhabitants of the town were in constant alarm, if not in fear or terror. The counsel of Passaconaway had its effect upon his son and successor and upon the actions of his people. Although Wannalancet suffered great provocation at the hands of the English, even in his retreat, his wigwams and provisions at Pennacook being destroyed by Captain Mosely's troops, he would not allow his men to retaliate. Allen (Hist. Chelmsford) says, "Wannalancet after a long absence called on the Rev. Mr. Fiske and congratulating him on the restoration of peace, solicitously inquired after the welfare of the people in Chelmsford, and whether they had suffered greatly during the war. Mr. Fiske replied that they had been highly favored, for which he desired to thank God. 'Me next,' said the sagacious sagamore, intimating that through his infliience this town had been exempted from the calamities that had befallen many others." In March, 1677, he informed Captain Henchman in Chelms- ford that the Mohawks, allies of the French, were not far away, and Lieut. Richardson was sent to prevent them from attacking the English. 126 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Wannalancet, with a remnant of his followers, after the return of peace, came back to Wamesit, but it was through an intrigue of Major Waldron at Dover, where he managed to gather about four hundred of them, and take them prisoners, half of their number being sold as slaves in the West Indies. Wannalancet brought back seven white captives whom he had rescued. The Indians were placed under the care of Colonel Jonathan Tyng of Dunstable. Wannalancet was a man of simple, native goodness, which contrasts favorably with the treatment he received at the hands of the whites. In 1683 an order was issued awarding £10 to Wannalancet and other Indians to silence their complaints concerning a breach of the treaty made with them. A gratuity of land, besides their wages, was promised the soldiers in this war, December 10, 1675. Narraganset Township No. 6, now Templeton, Massachusetts, was confirmed by the General Coiwt, February 12, 1733, to one hundred and twenty grantees, or their representatives, then residing in Chelmsford, Concord, Groton, Marlboro', Billerica, Lancaster, Lexington, and other towns in this vicinity. At the end of the war the plight of the savages was pitiful; without ammunition, without leadership, without country or hope of any sort, they found no mercy now at the hands of their older foes, the Mohegans and Pequots, nor yet the English, says Bodge. These hunted down their defenseless enemies, some of whom escaped to the eastward and put themselves under the protection of Wannalancet and his Pennacooks, who had remained neutral. The death of Philip was practically the close of the war, though hostilities continued for some time after. "King PhiUp's War, which was but the beginning of a long series of wars which devastated the frontiers, ma}'' be said, properly, to end with the treaty of Casco, April 12, 1678." [Windsor.] Hostilities continued, however, until the treaty of Portsmouth, September 8, 1685. On Fast Day, June 6, 1678, the various towns made con- tributions for the Canada captives, who had reached Albany. Chelmsford gave £2.16. 10. CHAPTER III. PROVINCE WARS. KING WILLIAM'S WAR. A RATHER uncertain peace reigned after King Philip's War, and continual watchfulness on the part of the English was necessary. The accession of William and Mary to the English throne occurred in 1689. The King of France espoused the cause of James. After the declaration of war, between England and France, began the first inter-colonial war, known in America as King William's War. The French planned an invasion of Boston and New York. On Feb. 8, 1690, a war party came from Canada and burned and butchered in Schenectady. The Governor of Massachusetts urged the necessity of immediate action and a congress of the Colonies was called. Sir William Phips commanded an expedition against Acadia in 1690. He took Port Royal, and carried away almost everything portable from the Province. His expedition against Quebec, the same year, failed. The selectmen were ordered to furnish ammunition to their respective towns. In 1680 Samuel Foster petitioned the Court that he might "lay doune his leiftenant place," and the request was granted. The same year the Court placed the military forces of Chelmsford and neighboring towns under Major Peter Bulkley. 1682. May 27. Ensign Thomas Addams is appointed to be Heft to the ffoot company in Chelmsford, vnder ye comand of Capt. Samuel Addams. In 1683 John Fiske was appointed ensign to the foot company. On November 7, 1685, Samuel Sewall of Boston wrote in his diary : "When came home, heard of body of Indians near Chelms- ford, 3 or 400. The fears and Rumors concerning them much increase. The Indians near Albany; Wonolanset brings the news to Chelmsford, and mistrusts of their mischevous designs." Boston May ye 10th 1689. Wee ye Representatives of the Severall Townes of ye Masitucets colony in newingland doe heere by declare in bee halfe of or selfes & ye several townes which wee A pere for, viz. for the ensuing yere. 128 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD the Governer & debety governer & A sistunt Chozen in May 1686 A ccording too or Charter Rights & ye debeties yeu then sent by the freemen of the severall Townes to be ye government there Established of ye A bove sayd Colony & that Majr Waite Winthrop is Majr Gineroll of our forces, in newingland & untel the freemen Renue there [choise] & that iff the present gouerment doe desier more A sistenc having enlarged the freemen there shall bee A Supply Emediatly maide according to Charter for ye Remaineing of the yere A pon ye the daye yt the gineral Cort shall A point hopping that all people will rest satisfied tell wee have confermation from ye Crown of Ingland which wee dayly hope for. Thees to testifi ye honered Councel for safety & the Repre- sentitives of the severall Townes of ye aboue sayd CoUony ye Town of Chelmesford beeing Convened to gether on 13 of May 1689 according to the honered Councell for safetye dezier ye aboue sayd act was severall times red & considered of & Legaly voted in the Afermitife , only 2. or 3. desented. Signed in the names & Consent of the in habitants of Chelmsford [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 107, p, Samuell foster Senr Cornelius Waldo Senr. Nathanell Hill Solloman Keyes Senr. 24a.l All laws made by the Governor & Company of the Mass. Colony that were in force on the 12th day of May 1686 were by the convention of Governor and Council and Representatives on June 22. 1689 declared to be the laws of the colony and to continue in force till further Settlement. The 20th of June 1689. Thees to sertifi: the Honored Councel in Boston that Sergent josiah Richardson was Legalli chosen Captaine. & Sergent James Hildreth Legally chosen Lef tenant, & Sergent John Stevens Legally chosen Ensigne by ye Towne of Chelmesford Test Samuell foster Senor Joseph Farwill The Representatives do allow and Confirme the above nomination of officers to the Towne of Chelmsford Attest Ebenezcr Prout, Clerk. Consented to by the Govr and Councill Jas Addington, Sec'y. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 107, p. 143.] June 27th, 1689. June 27 1689 PLAN OF THE CHELMSFORD WATER DISTRICT CHEUMSFORD MASS. SHOWING PIPES, GATE3* MVDRAnTS WATER DISTRITT J PROVINCE WARS 129 Capt. Thomas Henchman of Chelmsford was apprised of the plot against Dover, and sent down a letter of warning to the Council at Boston, as follows: Hond Sir This day 2 Indians came from Pennacook, viz. Job Mara- masquand and Peter Muckamug, who report yt damage will undoubtedly be done within a few days at Piscataqua, and yt Major Waldrons, in particular, is threatened; and Intimates fears yt mischief quickly will be done at Dunstable. The Indians can give a more particular account to your honor. They say iff damage be done, the blame shall not be on them, having given a faithful account of what they hear; and are upon that report moved to leave yr habitation and corn at Pennacook. Sr, I was verry loth to trouble you and to expose myself to the Censure and derision of some of the confident people, that ware pleased to make sport of what I sent down by Capt. Tom. I am constrained from a sense of my duty and from love of my countrymen to give the acct. as above. So with my humble service to your Honor, and prayers for the safety of an Indangered people, I am, Sr, your humble servant Tho: Hinchman. June 22 (1689) [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 107, p. 139.] This letter was received by Mr. Danforth, and on the 27th laid before Gov. Bradstreet and the Council, and a messenger was sent to Dover the same day with the following letter to Major Waldron, which was received too late to prevent the tragedy. The messengers were detained at the ferry at Newbury, and arrived the day after the attack. Boston: 27.: June: 1689 Honord Sir The Governor and Councill haveing this day received a Letter from Major Henchman of Chelmsford, that some Indians are come unto them, who report that there is a gathering of some Indians in or about Penecooke with designe of mischiefe to the EngHsh, amongst the said Indians is one Hawkins (Hogkins or Kankamagus) is said to be a principle designer, and that they have a particiilar designe against yourselfe and Mr. Peter Coffin which the Councill thought it necessary presently to dispatch Advice thereof to give you notice that you take care of yor own Safeguard, they intending endeavour to to betray you on a pretention of Trade. Please forthwith to Signify import hereof 130 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD to Mr. Coffin and others as you shall think necessary, and Advise of what Information you may receive at any time of the Indians motions. By Order in Councill, Isa: Addington, Sec'y- For Major Richd Walden and Mr. Peter Coffin or either of them at.Cocheca with all possible [haste] [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 107, p. 144.] After midnight the gates of the garrison house were opened by the squaws who had asked shelter in the garrison houses. The Indians waiting outside rushed in, struck down and bound the Major, eighty years old, into his arm-chair, and placed him thus on the table, where they mocked him, compelled his family to prepare supper for them, slashed the helpless man across the breast, saying, "I cross out my account." They then cut off his ears and nose and forced them into his mouth, and, when fainting from loss of blood, they held his sword under him, upon which falling, he expired. Some of the cruelties practiced by the Indians are too horrible to relate. Bodge gives a full acount of this event — page 316. In June, 1689, James Hildreth was confirmed Lieutenant of the Foot Company in Chelmsford, and John Stevens, Ensign. In 1691, Edward Spaulding was Ensign. A bounty not exceeding £10 per head was offered for Indians' heads or scalps, respect being had to the quality of the enemy taken or destroyed. In 1689, June 27, Major Thomas Hinchman was appointed Commander in Chief of the Upper Regiment in Middlesex. Wednesday, August 28th, the Upper Middlesex Regiment was ordered to rendezvous at Chelmsford. [Court Records, Vol. VI.] hinchman's letter. To the Honourable Councill seting in Boston July 12 1689. Chemlsford. Honourd. & Worshipfull : These bring you my humble services, Acquainting you that yors bearing date 11th Instant I have received; wherin I under- stand the great and eminent danger we are in, upon the account of the enemy, or Towne being threatened the next week to be assaulted; And not only from what yors expresses; but also, what was discovered at Groton, the night before last, the which PROVINCE WARS 131 I understand you have been informed of: And Allso at Dunstable, on Thirsday night last towards morning, appeared within view of Mr Weldses Garrisson 4 Indians shewed themselves, as Spyes; and it is Judged (tho not xHsible) that all the garrissons in said Towne were veiwed by the enemy: and that by reason their cattle and other creatures were put into a strange ffright. Wherefore Honoured and worshipll., I Judge it highly needful and necessary that we have relief at this Towne, and that speedily of about 20 men or more, for the repulsing the enemy in guarding some out places which are considerable, on each side of Marimake, As Mr Haward, Varnham, Coburne &c: which otherwise must come into us, and leave what they have to the Enemy: or be Exposed to the merciles cruelty of bloody and barbarous men. Thus Honourd and worshipll., pleas to consider this request as highly needfull and necessary and be expeditios in granting the same. AllSo, I have ordered of these Troops which are made up of Towns which are in danger, 40 at a time to be out upon scouting (according to order given me) 'Till the latter end of the next week ensving : concerning whom I Jud[g]e it needful and necessary that they be released to go home to guard the several Towns they belong to. Thus Honoiu"ed and worshippfull pleas to consider of and grant the above petitioned things, which I hope and believe will be conducible to the saftey and security of vs, and these exposed Touns: and highly oblidge, yor most humble Servant Thomas Hinchman Chebnsford July 12th 1689 [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 107, p. 198.] Ordered by the Representatives & consented to by the Gov. & Council, July 12, 1689, "that 20 men be fourth wth dispatched away to Major Henchman to be for the releife of Chelmsford farms" &c. July 31, Dunstable asked for protection for Samuel Adams' corn mill, "without the use of which the Town cannot subsist." In August six hundred men were furnished for the frontier towns. The General Court ordered the selectmen to furnish ammuni- tion to their respective towns. In the first number of "Publick Occurences" issued at "Boston, Thursday, Sept. 25th. 1690," the oldest newspaper in the United States (which was suppressed by the Governor and Council four days later, because it "contained Reflections of a very high nature.") is the following item: "While the barbarous Indians were lurking about Chelmsford, there were missing about the beginning of this month a couple of Children belonging to a man of that Town, one of them aged about eleven, the other aged about nine years, both of them supposed to be fallen into the hands of the Indians." 132 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD hinchman's petition. To his Excellency Sr. William Phips, Knt. Capt Generall and Govnr. in Chiefe of their Majties Province of the Massachu- setts-bay, in Newengland, with the Honod. Council Sitting in Boston. The Humble petition of Thomas Hinchman of Chelmsford, on behalf of himself e, and the Captaines, and Soldiers of the Regiment under his Command &c, Sheweth, That Wheras yor Petitionr. with his Regiment were employed in the Service of the Crown of England, by Com- mission and orders from Sr. Edmund Andros. Knt, Late Capt. Genii, and Govr. of this their majties Territory & Dominion, for the defence of the said Territory against the Common Enemy in the yeares 1688 & 1689, there became due to yor Petitionrs Considerable Sums for wages and Billeting and other incident Charges in the said Service, much of which remaines unpaid to this day, which the Continued Alarms from the Enemy ever since and the heavy Taxes that have been and still are like to be Imposed upon us, render the more intollerable : And for as much as there hath never yet been any way stated by authority for the adjusting of those accompts — Yor Petitionrs do Humbly pray yor Excellency & the Honod Council wilbe pleased to appoint and Impower meet persons for the Auditing & Adjusting all accompts of wages & Disbtu"smts in the said Service for the time aforesaid, within the said Regiment, and that speedy and Effectual care may be taken for payment of such arreares as shall appeare to be justly due. And yor Petitionrs shall ever pray &c Tho: Hinchman [Probable date, 1692. No record of an answer has been found.] [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 70, p. 168.] "Chelmesford November 30. 1691 A record of the last devision of the town stock of powder shot and flints acording to the acount that Decan foster gave to the selectmen is as followeth." Then are given 89 names; and also these 5 under "Powder lent to the garasons and shott as followeth" Left. Barett Mr Adams Mr Haward \ 2 pond pouder & 3 punds shot each, insingh Stevens Capt Richason The longer list includes "Mistres Shone" and "Mistres Adams." Thomas Chamarling, the second, received three pounds of powder, six pounds of shot and six fiints. PROVINCE WARS 133 The amounts given out varied from one to five pounds of powder, from one to ten pounds of shot, and from four to ten flints. Account of the Number of men now in pay Under Thomas Hinchman & where posted. Vizt. At Lancaster Six men 6 At Groton Six men 6 At Dunstable Town Seven men 7 At Mr Tyng's Garrison Six men 6 At Nath. Howards Three men 3 At Edwd. Colbtu-ns four men 4 At Sergt Vamimi's four men 4 At Sam. Hunt's Two men 2 At Chelmsford four men 4 42 Of wch number are out of pay, but most of them 1 -« ready at a days Warning for service J 120 Impressed at sundry times by Warr't. from the Governor & Council viz. Sept. 10th. '91 21 men Nov. 20 36 men Febr. 6 21 men July 15. '92 42 men In all 120 They were lately dismissed to ease charges, till futher Orders from His Excellency & ordered to be in readiness for service as above said. Novembr 17th Tho, Hinchman. 1692 [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 70, p. 184.] David Jeffries, writing from Boston, Sept : 16, 1692, to Lieut. Gov. John Usher, says: — * * * ye 14th Inst, at night a Post came to towne fro Major. Hinksman wch. gave an acott. of about 80 or 100 Indians, yt our scouts, had made discovery of in ye night siting per theire fires hammering of slugs for theire gunns — our scouts was soe neare them yt they could see ye Indians & heare them talke, yesterday morning we had news yt ye Indians had Killed two men at Groton. Jera: Bowers is gone out wth about 100 men after them * * * [Groton in the Indian Wars.] 134 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD There were nineteen garrisons at Chelmsford, as shown by the following Hst : SETTLEMENT OF THE GARRISON IN THE WEST REGIMENT OF MIDDLESEX. Chelmsford, March 16th. 169i Jerathmiel Bowers & with him J no. Wright Ebenezer Wright Joseph Wright J no. Shipley Joseph Parker and their familys Samuel Butterfield and with him Nathaniel Butterfield Joseph Hide 8. men Benjamin Bagnet and their familys Andrew Spauldin and Ensign Spauldin J no. Perrum Widdou Stevens Solomon Kye Solomon Kye Junr. Joseph Spauldins William Underwood and their familys Mrs. Adams and with her Moses Barnes Daniel Waldoe James Procter Two Souldiers 15. men 6: men. [Midst of Town] Mr. Tho; Clark and wth him Abraham Parker Moses Parker Stephen Peirce 6. men J no. Burgess, and their familys Major Thomas Hincksman Thomas Parker Benjamin Parker i/Daniel Gallusha [Great Brook.] 7. men Capt. Josiah Richardson and wth him Jno. Spauldin | Josiah Richardson 11. men Tho; Scot born and their familys Nathaniel Hill and with him Sergeant Samuel Fletcher 1 ^ Josiah Cleaveland 7. men and their familys J [Midst of Town] Samuel Foster Deacon and his three sons. Jno. Parker 6. men Jno. Kide. and their familys 13. men Jonathan Baratt and Lieut Baratt Jno. Baratt Thomas Core Jno. Core Samuel Baratt Zach; Fair Jno. More Ambrose Swallow James Harwood [West End, Elija Richardson place.] Moses Baratt, and Samuel Gold Peter Talbert William Power Joseph Baratt 9. men Thomas Baratt Thomas Reed Samuel Chamberlain & yr. familys Joseph Farewell and with him Samuel Flechers William Flechers 9. men Jno. Bates and their familys PROVINCE WARS 135 [Stoney Brook.] Jno. Spauldin and wth him Benjamin Spauldin Joshua Fletcher Joseph Butterfield Thomas Chamberlain Junr Arthur Crouch Samuel Underwood Joseph Parkis Thomas Blogett Edward Spauldin Samuel Burge Mr. Nathaniel Haywood and his Man, with two Souldiers there Posted. 4 men [Benj. Haywood's] Ephraim Hildrick and wth him Lieut Hildrick 12. men Israel Procter Pellatiah Adams Timothy Adams Jonathan Adams Jacob Waren Jacob Waren Junr 9. men [Nashoba] Joseph Hildrick and Peter Dill James Bowen or Burn (?) Water Bower (Power i) with their familys 7. men Samuel Varnum and Jno. Whittaker Jno. Walker Ezra Colburn 3 men (158 Men.) 10. men [West End] Robert Proctor and with him Thomas Chamberlain Thomas Chamberlain Junr Abraham Byum Peter Procter Gershom Procter and their familys Edward Colburn and with him Jno. Colburn: [Original owned by N. H. Hist. Soc] In 1889 this was printed by the N. E. Hist. Gen. Society. The locahties as indicated within the brackets are by Mr. H. S. Perham, who noted on the printed copy that it had been com- pared with the original. [See Hinchman's letter, page 166.] According to an act of the General Cotirt, March 12, 1694-5, inhabitants of the frontier towns were prohibited from deserting them without permission on pain of forfeiting their property. This included Chelmsford. The people had all they could do to obtain a livelihood at this time with short crops and attacks by the Indians along the frontier near Chelmsford. Raids by the Indians had been made on Billerica and Tewks- bury, and a number of people killed. Colonel Joseph Lynde with three hundred horse and foot scoured the neighborhood, August 24, 1695, but failed to secure the enemy. He is said to have fortified Lynde's hill in Belvidere. He had a guard of forty men at each of the three fords between Chelmsford and Andover, and ranged the woods "on the northern side of the great swamp," and guarded this town. He camped on Prospect hill "that lies between Chelmsford and the river." [See his report, Courier-Citizen Hist, of Lowell, p. 122.] 136 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD LIEUT. GOV. WILLIAM STOUGHTON's ORDER TO CAPT. JAMES CONVERSE, SEPT. 5, 1695. I order That at yoiir next passing over Merrimack with your Company towards Dunstable &c That you advise with Maj'r. Henchman and Mr Jona Ting concerning the posting yor men in the several Frontiers of Dunstable, Bilrica, Chelmsford, Groton, Lancaster and Marlboro for the better enforcemt of th Garrisons there and maintaining a good brisk Scout for the discovery of the Enemy to prevent their annoying of those Towns during the Harvest Season [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 51, p. 44.] 1696. November 19, £10, was granted to Jonathan Tyng for journeys and posts to neighboring towns (including two journeys to Chelmsford) to settle garrisons. Wannalancet died in 1696 and was buried by Jonathan Tyng on the Tyng estate. A memorial tablet on a granite boulder to mark the spot has been placed by the Massachusetts Society of Colonial Dames. [See Old Residents' Contributions, Vols. VI and in.] PETITION OF JONATHAN TYNG FOR AN ALLOWANCE FOR SUPPORTING WANNALANCET. To the right Honorle. Wm. Stoughton Esq Lt. Govemr. and Comandr In Cheife, &c: together with ye Hond Council and ye Representatives assembled in Genii Court, now setting in Boston May ye 27, 1697 The pettetion of Jonathan Ting of Dunstable Humbley Sheweth, That some time in ye yeare (1692) Wanalanset ye Indian Sagamore (belonging to patucket vpon Merremack) came in to dunstab with some other Jndians, and a flagg of truce, and sd Sagamore was desirous to stay with ye English, ye other Jndians promised to come again, but did not, this being before Wm phipps his arivall, your petetetior In formed ye then Govemmt. brought sd Sagamore to ye Hond. Mr Danford, who ordered him to be kept At ye prison in Cambridge, where he remained for some time, ye sd Sagamore petetioned that he might be removed to your petetioner's hous, upon sd Wm's Arival & addressd his Excelencey concerning this Matter who ordered him back to Dunstable to your petetionrs hous and orded me to supply him with nessessary provisions & promised it should be payd out of ye public, your petetionr also pd his expenses coming to Boston and his retume, Kept him with food and good pt of his cloathing for almost four years, who then dyed. I was also at some small charge to bury him, he haveing shewed him selfe friendly to ye English, in the former warr and now, authorety would not suffer him now in his old age to be J 11 treated. PROVINCE WARS 137 My prayer to this Hononrle Court is yt you would please to ordr. me out of the publick tresury of ye province some meet compensation for my aforsd exspence, which I dispensed pr ordr of Authorety. So shall yoiu- pettetionr pray &c. £20. allowed Tyng. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 30, p. 426.] [This Petition is written in the hand of the Rev. Thomas Clarke.] To ye honrable ye Lft Governr. Council & Representatives in Generall Cort assembled. The hiunble petition of the Inhabitts. of Chelmsford sheweth That whereas yor petitioners have been ever forward to the paymt of all ye publiq Assesmts for the support of his majestys Governmt, maintenance of ye warr &c as in duty wee were bound but by reason of the long continuance of the warr and the Enemys making greater assawlts & Depredations upon these frontier pts & our daily fears of being Invaded wch puts us upon still greater charges of building and repairing oux fortifications, being also exposed to extream diflficultys & Hazards in managing our hus- bandry, it having also pleased god to cut us very short in ovir harvest of late years (altho thro his great compassion wee hope wee have this year sufficient to maintain life) having also siiffered great losses in Hay by fires, so that ye estate of the Town is much exhausted by these means & because these accumtilated calamitys & a prospect of greater have driven away no less than ten familys not onely out of the Town but most of them out of province, (many more being upon the wing) which weakens and much discourages us, wee do therefore (being desirous yet to maintain our station in this one flourishing Town) & not without grateful acknowledgmts of ye care yt hath been taken for our defence, (wch through gods blessing wee have found ye benefit of) presume to spread before your honrs our distressing circumstances; & to supplicate himibly yt the wisdom & clemency of this honrable Generll Cort shall appear meet, to whose pleasure wee humbly submit & upon whose fatherly compassions wee cast ourselves, praying God almightys presence & blessing may crown all your pubHqe managmts. Chelmsford 12th. Oct. 1697 Thomas Clark Nataniell Hill ) Thomas Hinchman Et Ceteris Joseph Farwell Senr [ Selectmen Samll flfoster Senr Steven Peirce J Edward Spaulding left Will, fifletcher We have Requested Capt Bowers or Representative humbly to prefer this petition for us Octr. 19th. 1697 Read Joseph heldreth Constable. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 70, p. 358.] 138 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD In 1698 various towns were reinforced for the defence of the frontier. Eight men were ordered to Chelmsford. The Council advised that there be forthwith a levy made of 150 soldiers in two companies, one to be posted on the frontiers about Chelmsford, Groton and Lancaster, the other about Andover, Haverhill and Amesbury. An assault was expected along the Merrimack. Jo English brought word that about seventy French and Indians were on the way from Canada, sixteen of them to attack Deerfield , and the rest to strike the river towns. [Acts and Resolves, Vol. VIII.] RESOLVE ALLOWING £6 TO JOSEPH ENGLISH. Resolved By ye House of Representatives that Joseph English an Indian escaping from Frentch Captivity and makeing his way home giveing intelligence of ye motions of the Enemy with intent to doe mischiefe upon ye Frontiers at this tyme that there be six pounds drawn out of the Publique treasurie & put into ye hands of Majr. James Converse & Capt. Jerathmell Bowers to be by ym improved for to suply sd Indian & his wife & children with cloathing as a Recompence for his good Seruas June 14. 1698 (Council Concurred) [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 30, p. 437a.] King William's war, called an unrighteous war, brought only disaster, sorrow and desolation to the English settlements. It came to an end in 1697 by the treaty of Ryswick, by which Acadia was restored to France. QUEEN ANNE'S WAR. This war began in 1702 when England declared war against France and Spain. The French had the sympathy of the New England Indians, who made constant vigilence necessary in the frontier settlements to guard against raids and massacres. "For the first time the Indians were well armed and guided by a superior intelligence." The war ended in 1713 by the treaty of Utrecht. Newfound- land and Acadia came into the possession of England, whose prestige was strengthened in North America. 1702. November 19. A bill was passed providing snow- shoes for the men of the frontier towns at the charge of the Province. The Indians were more active and troublesome in PROVINCE WARS 139 the winter, and companies were organized for service upon the snow. William Tyng commanded the first Massachusetts com- pany, and received for services from December 28 to January 25, 1703-4, £71 .11.0, 25 shillings of which was paid toa "chyrugion." The company brought back five scalps and received as bounty £200. In the Granite State Magazine, Vol. I, is a list, with personal sketches, of forty-four men in this company, who, in 1735, with sixteen others named, were the grantees of Tyngstown, which included the greater part of the present Manchester, N. H. The adjustment of the province line in 1741 voided this charter, and Massachusetts gave the grantees the township now Wilton, Maine. The sketches of men who were born or lived in Chelms- ford are here given: 1. John Shepley, son of John, was born in Chelmsford, Mass., in 1677. A few years later the family removed to Groton, Mass., where the father, mother and all the children except John were killed by the Indians, July 27, 1694. John, then seventeen years of age, was carried into captivity where he re- mained three and one-half years, when he returned to Groton. In memory of the massacre of his kindred, undoubtedly he was a willing recruit in Captain Tyng's company. Subsequently he was prominent in the town and church affairs of Groton. He was a representative nine years. He died September 14, 1736. Among his descendants is the late Ether Shepley, a former United States Senator and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Maine. 2. Joseph Parker, Groton, son of Capt. Joseph and Margaret Parker, was born in Chelmsford, March 30, 1653. The family removed to Dunstable in 1675, where Joseph, Sr., was a constable seven years. Joseph, Jr., had considerable experience in Indian warfare. He removed from Dunstable to Groton and there died about 1725, leaving a large estate. 10. Joseph Perham, Groton, son of John and Lydia (Shepley) Perham, was born in Chelmsford, December 22, 1669. He lived in Dunstable and, by revision of town lines, in Nottingham West, now Hudson. At the time of his service in Captain Tyng's company he was a resident of Groton. 11. Joseph Butterfield, Dunstable, son of Joseph and Lydia (Ballard) Butterfield, was born in Chelmsford, June 6, 1680. He removed early in life to Dunstable, living in the section of the town now Tyngsborough, where he died in 1757. His daughter, Deborah, was the wife of Col. Samuel Moor of Litchfield. 140 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD 12. John Spalding, Chelmsford, son of Andrew and Hannah (Jefts) Spalding, was bom August 20, 1682. He lived through life in Chelmsford. He died March 7, 1760. 13. John Spalding, Jr., Chelmsford, son of John and Hannah (Hale) Spalding, was born in Chelmsford, February 15, 1659. Late in life he removed to Plainfield, Conn. His son, Samuel, born August 5, 1686, represented his father's interests in Tyngs- town. 14. Henry Spalding, Chelmsford, son of Andrew and Hannah (Jefts) Spalding, was born November 2, 1680. He was a brother of No. 12. He married a daughter of Thomas Lund, Sr. 16. Ebenezer Spalding, Chelmsford, son of Lieut. Edward and Margaret (Barrett) Spalding, was bom January 13, 1683. He lived in Chelmsford and later in Nottingham West, now Hudson. 17. Samuel Davis, Groton, son of Samuel and Mary Davis, was bom in Groton, January 8, 1669-70. He removed from Groton to Chelmsford in 1707. Many of his descendants have resided in New Hampshire. 22. Nathaniel Butterfield, Chelmsford, son of Nathaniel and Deborah (Underwood) Butterfield, was born about 1676 [1673]. He lived in Chelmsford, where he died in 1749. 23. Jonathan Butterfield, Chelmsford, was probably a son of Nathaniel and Deborah (Underwood) Butterfield, and a brother of No. 22. 26. Jonathan Parker, Chelmsford, son of John and Mary Parker, was bom in Chelmsford, January 2, 1683. His right appears to have been improved by Thomas Parker. I do not find that he had a son Thomas but he had a brother of that name. 27. Peter Talbot [or Talbird], Chelmsford, was an emigrant from England. He lived several years in Dorchester, but at the time of his service in the snow-shoe company, under Capt. William Tyng, he was a resident of Chelmsford. At that time he must have been fully fifty years of age. His right in the township was given to his son, George Talbot, who lived several years in Stoughton. 28. Stephen Keyes, Chelmsford. There is no record of his birth and it has been thought that he probably was a son of Elias Keyes of Sudbury. He received land in Chelmsford in the right of Solomon Keyes, and it is possible he was a son of Solomon PROVINCE WARS 141 and Frances (Grant) Keyes. He was married March 7, 1706, by Jonathan Tyng, Esq., to Anna Robbins. He died in Chelmsford, February 6, 1714. 29. Benoni Perham, Chelmsford, lived in Chelmsford. He was living in 1722 and died a short time after that date [1723]. His son, Samuel, represented his interest in the grant of Tyngs- town. 32. Josiah Richardson, Chelmsford, son of Capt. Josiah and Remembrance (Underwood) Richardson, was born in Chelms- ford May 18, 1665. He was a town clerk and selectman of Chelms- ford, where he died October 17, 1711. His wife was a daughter of Deacon John Blanchard. 36. Henry Farwell, son of Henry Farwell of Chelmsford. Mass., was bom about 1665. He was one of the early settlers of Dunstable. In the later years of Queen Anne's war his house was one of the seven garrisons in Dunstable. His son, Oliver was one of the victims of the Indian ambush at Naticook, September 5, 1724. His son, Josiah, was a lieutenant in Captain Lovewell's Company, and was killed by the Indians in the fight at Pigwacket, May 8, 1725. 38. John Richardson, Chelmsford, son of Capt. Josiah and Remembrance (Underwood) Richardson, was a brother of No. 32. Josiah Richardson was born in Chelmsford, February 14, 1669-70, where he died September 13, 1746. 40. Ephraim Hildreth, Chehnsford, removed from Chelms- ford to Dracut in 1712, and there died September 26, 1740. He was town clerk of Dracut, a major of the militia, and an active man in town and business affairs. He was one of the proprietors of Concord and an influential factor among the proprietors of T3mgstown. At one time he was the owner of the saw-mill. 41. Samuel Chamberlain, Chelmsford, son of Thomas and Sarah (Proctor) Chamberlain, was born in Chelmsford, January 11, 1679. He was a prominent citizen and styled Capt. Samuel Chamberlain in Chelmsford records. He died April 12, 1767. There was a Samuel Chamberlain of about the same age, a son of Samuel and Elizabeth Chamberlain, who was styled in Chelmsford records Lieut. Samuel Chamberlain. The Tyngstown proprietors' records call the grantee Capt. Samuel Chamberlain, which makes it reasonably certain that the Samuel first named was the soldier and grantee. 142 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD 42. Stephen Pierce, Chelmsford, son of Stephen and Tabitha (Parker) Pierce and grandson of Thomas Pierce of Woburn, was born in Chelmsford in 1678. He lived in Chelmsford and was the owner of many acres of land. He died September 9, 1749- This Stephen Pierce was the grandfather of Gov. Benjamin Pierce of Hillsborough, who was the father of President Franklin Pierce. 43. Timothy Spalding, Chelmsford, son of John and Hanna (Hale) Spalding, was born about 1676. He lived in the part of Chelmsford now Westford, where he died April 14, 1763. He was a brother of No. 13. 44. Paul Fletcher, Chelmsford, was the son of Joshua. His father was twice married: First, in 1668, to Gussies Jewell; second, in 1682, to Sarah Willey. I cannot state which of the wives was the mother of Paul. The Fletcher genealogy states that Paul Fletcher was a snow-shoe man in 1724. The date is an error. 45. Judge John Tyng, son of Major William and Lucy (Clarke) Tyng, born in Chelmsford, January 28, 1704-5, and graduated from Harvard University in 1725. He lived in Tyngsboro', where he died in 1797, aged ninety- two years. He wais a colonel of the militia, a representative of Dunstable, Mass., which then included Tyngsboro', and speaker of the house. He was a delegate to the convention at Boston, in 1768, "for the preservation of the public peace and safety," and a delegate to the Provincial Congress, which assembled at Cambridge and Watertown in 1775, but he is best known as a judge of the courts of Middlesex county, which office he held many years. 46. Col. Eleazer Tyng, Dunstable, son of Col. Jonathan and Sarah (Usher) Tyng, was born in the part of Dunstable now called Tyngsboro', April 30, 1690, and graduated at Harvard University in 1712. He was a magistrate and a colonel; an active and useful man. He was buried in the Tyng burial ground, about one mile below Tyngsboro' Village. Upon a broad, horizontal tablet is inscribed, "Underneath are entombed the remains of Eleazer Tyng, Esq., who died May 21, 1782, aged 92; Mrs. Sarah Tyng, who died May 23, 1753, aged 59; John Alford Tyng, Esq., who died Sept. 4, 1775, aged 44." John Alford Tyng, Esq., was a son of Colonel Eleazer. Fox's Dunstable is in error in calling him Judge Tyng. The judge, John Tyng, is No. 45. 47. Thomas Colburn, son of Edward Colbum of Chelmsford, was born in 1674. He lived in Dunstable, where he died Novem- PROVINCE WARS 143 ber 2, 1770. The committee of the General Court were instructed to admit six men who served under Capt. John Lovewell and were omitted in the grants of Pembroke, N. H., and Petersham, Mass. In the same connection there appears in the Massachusetts Archives the petition of Zaccheus Lovewell, Thomas Colburn, Peter Powers, Josiah Cummings, Henry Farwell, Jr., and Nicholas Crosby, alleging that they served against the Indian enemy under Captain Lovewell, either on his first or second march, and that all the other soldiers of Captain Lovewell 's companies have been rewarded in grants of land. Thomas Colburn appears to have been the only one of the six petitioners who was made a grantee of Tyngstown. 48. John Colburn, Dunstable, son of John and grandson of Edward Colburn, was born in Dunstable. John, the father died December 1, 1700, and John, the son, was the representative of his grandfather, Edward Colburn of Chelmsford, who was killed in an ambuscade in King Philip's war. 51. Jonas Clark, Esq., Chelmsford, son of Rev. Thomas Clark of Chelmsford, was born December 20, 1684. He was a colonel and a magistrate. Several meetings of the proprietors of Tyngstown were held at his house in Chelmsford. He died April 8, 1770. His sister, Lucy or Lucia, was the wife of Major William Tyng, and his sister Elizabeth married Rev. John Hancock of Lexington, and was grandmother of Gov. John Hancock, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. 53. Thomas Parker and William Reed. In a description of lands belonging to this right, the first name is written "Rev. Mr. Thomas Parker." He was a son of Josiah Parker of Groton, Woburn and Cambridge, and he was born in Cambridge, December 7, 1700. He graduated from Harvard University in 1718. At nineteen years of age he was ordained and installed over the church in Dracut early in 1720, and there labored and preached until his death, March 18, 1765. He attended several of the meetings of the proprietors, and was moderator of one or more meetings. William Read, the joint owner of this right, without doubt, was William Read of Chelmsford, son of Thomas Read, and was bom about 1688. He married Hannah Bates and lived in Chelmsford. Among his children were Robert Read of Amherst and Col. William Read of Litchfield, in whose honor Reed's Ferry was named. This family generally wrote the name Read, while the ferry is written Reed's Ferry. 144 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD 57. Jonathan Hart well, Chelmsford, son of John and Elizabeth (Wright) Hartwell, was bom in Concord, February 15, 1691-2. He lived several years in Chelmsford and, by division of the town, in Westford. He died in Littleton, October 18, 1778. The father, John, and his brother, William, were soldiers in King Philip's war. The heirs of William were grantees of Templeton, Mass. Jonathan Hartwell probably was admitted a grantee on account of the service of his father. See the clause in the grant relative to soldiers "at the Fort Fight or Long March in the Narragansett War." Col. Jonathan Tyng had three sons who grew to manhood: First, John, born in 1673, graduated from Harvard Universit}' in 1691, and immediately went to England where he soon died. Second, William, born April 22, 1679, was in the service almost continuously from 1703 until his death. He married Lucy Clark, a daughter of Rev. Thomas Clark, and settled in Chelms- ford, He was a representative to the General Court from that town in 1707, and in the service was promoted, 1709, to major. In the summer of 1710, while in command of a battalion between Groton and Lancaster, he was mortally wounded by the Indians. He was carried to Concord for medical attendance, and there died a few days later [Aug. 16]. This date is confinned by probate records, and in the will of the father. Col. Jonathan Tyng, written a few years later, he makes mention of his deceased sons, John and William. Third, Eleazer, born April 30, 1690, graduated from Harvard University in 1712 and was commissioned colonel in 1724. He was an influential and honored citizen of Dunstable. Governor Dudley wrote from Cambridge to Major Lane, November 5, 1702: "Sir, I desire you with two of your troops to repayr to the touns of Marlboro', Lancaster, Groten, Chelms- ford and Dunstable, and there deliver severally the letters given you, and encourage the officers in their duty, agreeable to the several directions . . Let the officers in the several towns use all prudence not to make the first breach [Hazen's Billerica, p. 136.] JVORTH ( IlKl.MSI OllD 1 IIU: DISTRICT, IVORTH ( HFJ..M8I ORl), \L\SS. DcccnacR , I907 I PROVINCE WARS 145 LETTER OF COLONEL TYNG. Capt. Lane. these are to order you forthwith to give out your warrant to your soldiers in Chebnsford to watch two in a night & the Day following at the wadeing place at Wamesit & to continue in jrt service till they have gone Round: The Soldiers are to keep at the said wading place till they are Relieved as the custom hath been by Capt. Bowers men Jonathan Tyng, Col. Dunst. 3 Sept. 1703. [Original among papers of A. E. Brown, Bedford.] 1703, November 26, £40 was allowed out of the Province treasury for each scalp of the Indian enemy above ten years of age. All Indians taken under that age were to be owned or sold by their captors. Supplies of bread were sent to Concord, Chelmsford, and neighboring places for the marching soldiers on the expedition to the north. In 1704 six hundred pairs of snow-shoes and "Mogginsons" were proxdded. Chelmsford and Captain William Tyng's company were the special objects of revenge on the part of the French and Indians. Dr. Green, in "Groton in the Indian Wars," quotes Pen- hallow's account of Butteriield's experience, among other instances of cruel treatment by the Indians: "A third was of Samuel Butterfield, who being sent to Groton as a soldier, was with others attackt, as they were gathering in the Harvest; his bravery was such, that he Kill'd one and wounded another, but being overpower'd by strength, was forc'd to submit; and it hapned that the slain Indian was a Sagamore, and of great dexterity in War, which caused matter of Lamentation, and enrag'd them to such a degree that they vow'd the utmost revenge ; Some were for whipping him to Death; others for burning him alive; but differing in their Sentiments, they submitted the Issue to the Squaw Widow, concluding she would determine something very dreadful, but when the matter was opened, and the Fact considered, her Spirits were so moderate as to make no other reply, than, "Fortune L'guare." Upon which some were uneasy; to whom she answered. If by Killing him, you can bring my Husband to life again, I beg you to study what Death you please; but if not let him be my Servant; which he accordingly was, during his Captivity, and had favour shown him." 146 HISTOR Y OF CHELMSFORD Dr. Green continues: The account of Butterfield's case was in substance originall}'^ printed in a pamphlet entitled "A Memorial of the Present Deplorable State of New England (1707) — now of great rarity, — which appeared twenty years before Judge Pen- hallow's History was published. This pamphlet has since been reprinted in the introduction to the sixth volume, fifth series, of the "Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society." The account is as follows: A man had Valiantly Killed an Indian or two before the Salvages took him. He was next morning to undergo an horrible Death, whereof the Manner and the Torture was to be assigned by the Widow Squa of the Dead Indian. The French Priests told him, they had indeavoured to direct the Tygres from ther bloody Intention, but could not prevail with them; he must prepare for the terrible Execution. His cries to God were hard, and heard; when the Sentence of the Squa, was demanded, quite contrary to Every ones Expectation, and the Revengeful Inclination so usual and well-Known among these Creatures, she only said. His Death won't fetch my Husband to Life; Do nothing to him ! So nothing was done to him. Butterfield remained a captive for more than a year. It is not known how he obtained his release. butterfield's petition. To his Excellency Joseph Dudley Esq. Capt General and Governor in Chief To the Honoble the Council and House of Representatives now in General Assembly convened at Boston — within & for her Majesties Province of the Massachuts Bay April 10. 1706. The Humble Petition of Samuel Butterfield — Sheweth That yor. Petitioner is an Jnhabitant of the Town of Chelms- ford, and in the month of August 1704, when the Enemy came upon Nashoway & Groton &c, yor. Petitioner (with others) was sent out by the Capt Jerathmel Bowers to Groton to assist Col. Taylor, where yor Petitioner being ordered out with some others to Guard a man who was going to work in the field, the Enemy came upon them, Killed one man and took yor. Petitioner and one other Prisoner, Tho yor. Petitioner made all the resistance possible. Killed one and Knocked down two more after they had seized him, for which yor Petitioner was cruelly used by them afterwards & threatened to be burnt, several times. May it please this great and Generall Assembly yor Petitioner was very well accoutred in all respects when he was taken. And then was stript of all and was between fourteen and fifteen months a Captive exposed to great hardships, and has sustained great loss and Damage. Yor. Petitioner therefore humbly prays the fa\'or of this great and General Assembly to take the premises into yor serious PROVINCE WARS 147 Consideration and Grant him such recompence for his Losses and sufferings as a foresd, as to yor wisdom and goodness shall seem meet. And yor Petitioner (as in duty bound) shall ever pray &c Samuel Butterfield [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 71, p. 196.] Acts & Resolves. Vol. VIII. Chapter 48. Resolved that there be allow 'd and paid out of the publick treasiiry to John Shipley of Groton, and Samuel Butterfield, the sum of four pounds, each, for the scalp of one of the Indian enemy, being a man by them killed at Groton aforesaid in the summer past [1704] and that no other or further siun be allowed for Killing the said Indian. (Allowed as a special gratuity, he being not entitled to demand the statute bounty.) Chapter 107. (Taken Prisoner while in the Queen's Service.) Upon reading the petition of Samuel Butterfield setting forth his being taken Captive by the Indian enemy, cruelly used and strip 'd of all, having Killed one of them after they had seized him — Resolved that the sum of Five Pounds be Allowed, & Paid out of the Publick Treasury to Samuel Butterfield the Petitioner in Consideration of his Losse & seivice. In the Journal of the Rev. John Pike of Dover, N. H., is the following : 1706, July 3. Captain Pearson's troops at supper were surprised by Indians marching to Dunstable. Jacob Galusha, a Dutchman, his house assaulted by Indians. The house was burned and some persons were killed, and some escaped. July 27. Lt. Butterfield and his wife, riding between Dunstable and some other town [returning home to Chelmsford], had their horse shot down by the enemy. The man escaped, the woman was taken, and Jo. English, a friendly Indian in company with them, was at the same time slain. [Coll. N. H. H. Soc, Vol. III.] In Vol. VIII of the Acts and Resolves it is stated that a band or bands of hostile savages, apparently those who perpetrated the outrages above described, infested for several days the region extending from Chelmsford to Exeter, N. H. Jo English was much distinguished for his attachment to the white settlers. Penhallow records: July 21, 1706, several strokes were afterwards made on Chelmsford, Sudbury and Groton. Chelmsford names on a list of men who went to Lancaster, Aug. 4, 1704, to "inforce Major Taylor," and had received nothing for provision. 148 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Henery Spaldinge, Benjamin Adams, Edward Spalding, John Swolow. [Lane papers.] "The Names of the men that went the roun[d]s with Major Lane." No date. Henry Spalding, John Swolow, John Barit, also six Billerica men and as many officers. [Lane papers.] Another list headed by the name of Capt Lane, no date. 30 Billerica men with officers. 7 Groton and Dracut men. Chelmsford men: Edward Spalding, Henery Spalding, John Swalo, Samull Chamberlain, Benoy Perham, Samull Barron, Samull Sady, Jonathan Hill, Roland Flechard, John Barit, Joseph Hilldrath. [Lane papers.] Another list has these names: Benony Perhame, Benjamin Adams, Samuell Barron, Henery Spalding, John Swalow. [Lane papers.] In the Archives, Vol. 71, page 105, is the petition of William Tjmg, stating that just before the mischief was done at Lancaster, by his Excellency's order he was going from Boston by Dunstable to Lancaster on his own horse which he turned into a pastiire, and in the morning the Indians drove the horse into the woods and killed and ate him. Also that John Spalding, a young man and good soldier, was killed and his gun taken by the Indians. The gun was his father's, who was very poor. (Nov. 18, 1704.) On page 138 Jonathan Tyng asks to be paid for 42 pair of snow- shoes; also 43 pair at 5 shillings a pair; also hired 12 pair at 2 shillings a pair. He was granted £42. 9. 0. To his Excy ye Gouernor and Hond Councill & Reprsentatiues now in Generall Court Assembled in Boston: Novr. 3d. 1704. The humble motion of Jonathan Tynge, of Dunstable Sheweth That whereas yor petitionr, by vertue of an order from his Excell- ency ye Gournr for the takeing Care that prsuant to ye Direction of ye Generall Assembly there Should be Erected and built four Blockhouses upon Merimack River In Complyance where wth, he hath procured ye Same to be done and perfected, the Same being all in ye County of Middx — vizt one in Billerica, Two in Chelmsford, and one in Dunstable for ye which according to his agreemt wth Sundry prsons for ye same he Stands obliged to pay them Six pounds apeice, ye whole amounting to Twenty four pounds, Humbly prayes That yor Excelency and ye Honbl Councill & Reprsentatiues, would please to grant An order that he may be paid out of ye Province Treasury the Said Sum, that he may Satisfy ye Workmen there wth as he Stands obliged. And as in Duty bound Shall pray Jonathan Tyng : PROVINCE WARS 149 In the House of Representatives Novr: 3: 1704 Read and Ordered That the Praier of this Petition be Granted, and the Sum of Twenty four Pounds be Allowed & Paid out of the pubhck Treasury to Jonathan Tytig Esqr. accordingly. Sent up for Concurrence. lams. Converse Speaker In Council. Read and Concurrd. Isa : Addington Sectry. [Indorsed] Jona. Tyng Esqr. Allowed £24. for four blockhouses Erected on Merrimack River past Novr. 1704. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 71, p. 83.] TYNG S LETTER. For Capt. William Tyng at Boston. Son Tyng I met ym this day at Chelmsford: I had at Chelmsford 30 pr : of Rackets : at my house 42 pr : at Groton 6 pr : beside them yt were brought there of Capt Willards providing, of those about 30 may be fit for a long march & 40 may be service- able for scouting with riging up, the rest are lost and not fit for any servis: I am yr loving ffather Jonath Tyng Jime ye 14. 1705. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 71, p. 139.] 1706. "A list of the Names of yr. Troopers which serued vnder my comand to the releefe of Dunstable July the fourth seventeen htmdred & six: Being seventy nine men two days with theire sustenance." 28 names are given; including these of Chelmsford: Edward Spoldin, Samll. Chamberlin, Benone Periham, John Colbom, James Ehitton. [Lane papers.] 1706. "Those which served under me in my march to Groton & Dunstable & Drawcut from the 11th of August to the 13th by Command from his Exelencj'- are as followeth & served 3 days and found thir own sustenance." 20 names are given : among them : Edward Spoldin, Benone Periham, Samll. Sady, Samll. Barren, Henery Spolden, Samll. Chamberlin. [Lane papers.] 150 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD 1708. Chelmsford names on the Muster Roll of John Lane's Com- pany. 24 Billerica names are followed by these : John Swolow Centinel Aug. 30. Sept. 4. 6 days Samuel Sady Samuel Chamberlin " " " Henery Spaldin " " " Benony Periam " «< «« Eephrim Hildreth " " " JohnBaritt " " " Thomas Tarbell " |' '' Simon Stone " SamuU Parker " " " William Nutting " .. *. [Lane papers. A. B. Cutler, Bedford. Copied by Henry A. Hazen for H. S. Perham.] Soldiers were "for their encouragement" paid seven shillings for the first cost of their snow shoes and mogginsons, and two shillings a year afterwards from the year ITIL DUMMER'S WAR. In August, 1723, Lieutenant-Governor Dummer, then acting Governor of the Province, ordered detachments of from three to six men from the several frontier towns to range the woods, as the Indians were still in a threatening attitude. Groton, Dunstable and Lancaster were then more on the frontier than Chelmsford, but this town was still necessarily watchful, and contributed men for the service. A number of men (some of them prominent) who are credited to other towns were born in Chelmsford. In Dummer's, or Lovewell's, War, snow-shoe companies were raised in all the towns lying upon Merrimack river, says Allen, page 182. These companies were minute men, equipt with snow- shoes and fire arms, &c., holding themselves in readiness to go on scouting parties in pursuit of the Indians at the moment of alarm. The following constituted the snow-shoe company in Chelms- ford in 1724; under the command of Captain Robert Richardson and Lieutenant Joseph Parker: Paul Fletcher, Samuel Fletcher, Joseph Keyes, Henry Stevens, Robert Peirce, Josiah Spaulding, Zacharias Richardson, Nathan Proctor, Matthias Cowdrey, John Proctor, Jr., Benjamin Robbins, John Buttcrfield, James Burn, Benjamin Chamberlain, Benjamin Goold, Moses Graves, Timothy Spaulding, Phineas Spaulding, v, Joseph Underwood, Jacob Blodget, Ebenezer Parker, Joseph Warren, Jr., Jonathan Parker, Joseph Fletcher, Jonathan Spauld- J PROVINCE WARS 151 ing, James Kidder, Ezekiel Keyes, Edward Foster, Benjamin Parker, John Spaulding, John Corey, Jonathan Hildreth, Josiah Birge, Simon Rummery, Daniel Blodget, Henry Spaulding, Jonathan Cummings, Thomas Reed, Joseph Foster. JOSEPH Parker's commission. William Dummer, Esq., Lieut. Governor and Commander in Chief in and over his Majesty's province of Massachusetts Bay in New-England. To Joseph Parker, Gent: — Greeting. By virtue of the power and authority in and by his Majesty's Commission to me granted, to be Lieutenant Governor &c., I do by these presents, reposing especial trust and confidence in your loyalty, courage and good conduct, constitute and appoint you the said Joseph Parker to be Lieutenant of a company of snow- shoe-men, and of those that are appointed to be in readiness to issue out against the Indian enemy and rebels upon any alarm or attack; whereof Robert Richardson is Captain, in the regiment of Militia in the county of Middlesex, whereof EleazerTyng, Esq., is Colonel. You are therefore diligently and faithfully to dis- charge the duties of a Lieutenant, &c. Given under my hand and seal at arms at Boston, 5th day February, in the Eleventh year of the reign of his Majesty, King George. A. D. 1724. Wm. Dummer. [Allen, p. 183.] CAPTAIN Richardson's certificate. May it Please your honores By Virtue of an order from Coll. Eleazer Tjmg I have drawn out of my company Thirteen able bodyed men well fitted with snow shoes and moggasons according to the order of ye General Court and I desire the money may be paid to Robert Richardson Capt. over said snow shoemen to be repaid by him to his men. Your humble Servant Jonth Richardson, Capt. Chelmsford Feby. 22, 1724/5 [Msssachusetts Archives, Vol. 72, p. 218.] The following rolls contain Chelmsford names : A Muster Roll of the Company in His Majesty's Service under the Command of Captain [1724?]: Jonathan Butterfield, Sergt., Dunstable; Joseph Richardson, Centinel; Joseph Bassow, Joseph Chamberlain, Wm. Chamberlain, 152 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Benj. Blochet, Timo. Spaulding, Wm. Spaulding, Zach. Spaulding (servant to John Davis), David Procter, John Hildrake, Joseph Reed, Nath. Emerson, Benj. Smith, Henry Farwell, Heny. Wright, Wm. Jeffs (serv't to John Spaulding), Zach. Cobum, John Coburn, Thos. Coburn, Jno. Peirce, John Wright, John Procter, Thos. Lane, Wm. Richardson, Thos. Chamberlain, Zach. Stevens, Wm. Gasson (servt to Benj. Robbins). [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 91, pp. 66, 67.] Another Roll, probably 1724: John Foott, Capt.; Joseph Varnum, 13/4 per week; Benj. Kidder, Centinel, 10/ per week; Ephraim Corey; Ebenezer Frost, John Farmer, Wm. French, sons under age; Obediah Parker, Josiah Wright, Jonathan Wright, Eben Wright, James Kidder, Jona. Snow, John Barrot. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 91, pp. 66, 67.] Read and committed. House of Rep. June 18. 1724 : Jabez Fairbank, Capt.; Jona. Butterfield, Sentinel; Jno. Barret, Ebenr. Virgin, Benj. Chamberlain, Jona. Heldreth. These are all Chelmsford names. [Ibid, Vol. 91.] A list of soldiers dismissed. In Col. Tyng's Company. Nov. 3. 1724: Wm. Spaulding, Edw. Winn, Benj Baldwin, Saml. Barron, Nich Danforth, Wm. Jeffs, Saml. Winn, Ephraim Spaulding. Those who remained in ye service : Lt. Joseph Blanchard, En. Jonathan Butterfield, John Snow, Henry Keyes, Eph. Chandler, Wm. Proctor, Eph. Corey, Eph. Barrot, Saml. Adams, Wm. Boyd, Joshua Reed, Jona. Wright, John Wilson, Henry Richardson, Jos. Butterfield, Jos. Whittemore, Josiah Richardson. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 91, pp. 124, 126.] Sept. 13. 1724. Powder, bullets, and flints were delivered out by the Military officers of Chelmsford. 24 men received from half a jill to a pint of powder, from 6 to 18 bullets and 2 to 4 flints PETITION OF CHELMSFORD CAPTAINS. To ye Honourable William Dimimer Esq. Lieut Govemour in Chief and over his Majesties province of the Massachusets bay in New England. The petition of us ye Subscribers Humbly sheweth that where as Merrymacke River is at present being exceeding low and thereby ye Town of Chelmsford is very Exceedingly endangred and we humbly pray your honour we PROVINCE WARS 15S may be allowed a Scout of men to Scout upon said River and other exposed part of the Town for about ye space of Two months from ye date hereof as in Duty bound Your humble Petitioners shall ever pray. Chelmsford June ye 23, 1725. Jonathan Richardson Captains for Jonas Clark Chelmsford. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 72, p. 247.] Chelmsford men in the Company of Capt Joseph Blanchard of Dunstable. 1725: John Walker, Thomas Spaulden, Samuel Barron, Jonathan Spaulden, Benj Kidder, Wm. Spaulden, John Corey, Zechariah Emery, James Bum, James Kidder Benj Smith, Gersham Proctor, The Captain " Lieut. " Ensign " Sergt. " Pilot " Surgeon " Clerk " Centinel centinel receivd 28 / per week 28/ ■ 28/ 28/ 28/ 28/ 28/ 28/ 28/ 28/ 28/ 28/ 50/ 40/ 32/6 32/6 32/6 40/ 32/6 28/ [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 91, p. 169.] Chelmsford men under Capt. Eleazer Tyng of Dunstable from June 10 to Nov. 10, 1725: Jona. Butterfield, Lieut.; Eph. Cory, Corp.; Henry Keyes, Corp. ; Thos. Chamberlain, Jo. Chamberlain, John Bowers, Jona. Bowers, Aaron Hubbard, Alexander Kelsy, Josiah Cory, Robt. Miers, Jona. Spaulding, Benj. Blodget, Nathan Cross, Jabez Davis, John Usher, Benj. Chamberlain, Eph. Barrot, Saml. Adams, John Williams, Centinels; Robert Dickie, John Wright, John Kerkin, Samuel Lennox, John Kerkin, Tho. Bixby, Thomas Bixby, Moses Colbum, Ebr. Virgin. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 91, p. 193.] 1725. Under Capt Joseph Heath, ford] . (Same at Richmond Fort.) [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 91, p. 254.^ James Coller [of Chelms- 154 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD On the 8th of May, 1725, occurred the famous Lovewell's fight. On April 15th Capt. John Lovewell of Dunstable with forty-seven well-armed men (Green: Groton during the Indian wars, says thirty-four were in the fight) set out to travel more than two hundred miles to attack the Pequawkets under Paugus, their Sachem, whose headquarters were on the Saco river in what is now Fryeburg, Maine, named for the English Chaplain, Jonathan Frye, of Andover, one of Lovewell's men who was slain. Of this party Lieut. Jonathan Robbins, and Solomon Keyes were bom in Chelmsford, as was John Chamberlain who killed Paugus . (Nason: Hist.-Dunstable says, "Paugus was probably killed by Ensign Wyman.") The parents of Chamberlain were Thomas and Elizabeth ; his father was a carpenter and miller. John was born March 29, 1692. Solomon Keyes was born May 11, 1701, son of Solomon, son of Solomon. Mr. H. S. Perham quotes Parkman [see "The Wamesit Purchase," Old Res. Contributions] : "Solomon Keyes of Billerica received two wounds, but fought on till a third shot struck him. He then crawled up to Wyman in the heat of the fight, and told him that he, Keyes, was a dead man, but that the Indians should not get his scalp if he could help.it. Creeping along the sandy edge of the pond, he chanced to find a stranded canoe, pushed it afloat, rolled himself into it, and drifted away before the wind." Fortunately a favoring breeze wafted him across the lake, and notwithstanding his wounds, he succeeded in reaching the stockade. There he found several others of the survivers with whom he set out through the wilderness for Dun- stable, which they managed to reach six days later. The brave and hardy Keyes recovered from his wounds but was killed in battle thirty years later at Lake George while commanding a company from Western (now Warren), Mass. Why he was credited to Billerica does not appear. Hazen's History of Billerica gives no evidence of such a name there until it appeared upon their tax list in 1749. Hodgman, the Westford historian, claims him for that town. We will make the claim for Chelmsford, where we find his early home at Wamesit, and the name upon the tax list until after the date of Lovewell's fight. Joseph Farrar (son of George, son of Jacob, son of Jacob), bom Feb. 28, 1694, married in 1715, and settled in Chehnsford. He was in Lovewell's fight, where his cousin Jacob was killed. He died about 1731. [John P. Farrar, of Lynn.] . PROVINCE WARS 155 Lieut. Jonathan Robbins was a native of Chelmsford born in that part of the town which was afterwards annexed to Carlisle. After sunset the enemy drew off and left the field to the English , who assembling themselves and examining their situation, about midnight, Robbins and Usher were found unable to travel. Robbins desired his companions to charge his gun and leave it with him, which they did; he declaring that "as the Indians will come in the morning to scalp me, I will kill one more of them if I can." [Coll. Top. Hist, and Biog., Concord, N. H., 1822.] "Paugus their chief and several other Indians were known to Lovewell's men. They frequently conversed with each other during the engagement. In the course of the battle Paugus and John Chamberlain, a native of Chelmsford, discoursed familiarly with each other: Their guns had become foul from frequent firing: they washed their guns at the pond, and the latter assured Paugus that he should kill him: Paugus also menaced him, and bid defiance to his insinuations ; *It is you or I,' he said. In loading, the bullet of Paugus lodged in about the center of his gun, which obliged him to draw his ram-rod. This gave Chamberlain the advantage. He fired first and Paugus fell." [Ibid.] Green in "Groton during the Indian Wars," says: "Paugus had nearly finished loading his gun, and was priming it from the powder-horn, when Chamberlain struck the breach of his own gun on the ground, causing it to prime itself, and in this way got the start of his Indian foe." The whole story of this famous battle is full of interest, and may be read in the Memoirs and Sermon of Rev. Thomas Symmes and in various histories. Several ballads on the event became very popular, and Captain Lovewell, who was killed, became a great hero. He was a brave and adventurous leader. This battle ended the war, and the Pequawkets removed to Canada. COMMISSION. PROVINCE OF THE \ JONATHAN BELCHER, ESQ; MASSACHUSETTS-BAY. / Captain General and GO VERNOUR. in Chief in and over His Majesty's Province of the Massachusetts-Bay in New-England, &c. To John Butterfield Gentleman Greeting. By Virtue of the Power and Authority, in and by His Majesty's Royal Comission to Me granted, to be Captain General &c. over this His Majesty's Province of the Massachusetts-Bay aforesaid: 156 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD I do (by these Presents) reposing especial Trust and Confidence in your Loyalty, Courage and good Conduct, constitute and appoint you the said John Butterfield to be Capt. of a Troop of hors in the Rigment of hors in the County of Middlesex wharc of Joseph Varnum Esq. is Colonel this Troop was the forst Troop in Colonel Tyngs Rigment. You are therefore carefully and diligently to discharge the Duty of a Capt in Leading, Ordering and Exercising said Troop in Arms, both Inferiour Officers and Soldiers; and to keep them in good Order and Discipline; hereby commanding them to Obey you as their Capt. and yourSelf to observe and follow such Orders and Instructions, as you shall from time to time receive from Me, or the Commander in Chief for the Time being, or other your Superiour Officers for His Majesty's Service, according to Military Rules and Discipline, pursuant to the Trust Reposed in you. Given under My Hand and Seal at Arms, atBOSTON,the 15 Day of November In the Eleventh Year of the Reign of His Majesty KING. GEORGE the Second. Annoque Domini 1737. J. Belcher. By His Excellency's Command, J. Willard Secty. [Original in the Adams Library.] SERVICE IN THE WEST INDIES. The war between England and Spain was declared with due solemnity in Boston, April 21, 1740. New England raised about 1,000 men to join the fleet of Admiral Vernon in the West Indies. Winsor says scarce a hundred of them ever returned. 1740. August 27. A list of Persons as are Entered as Volunteers in His Majesties Service in the West Indies under the Command of Capt. John Prescott. Time of Persons Names Of what Town Age Calling Enlisting Oliver Spaulding Chelmsford 29 Husbandman July 15. Ephraim Fletcher " 30 Labourer July 14. (Only Chelmsford names are here given.) Other rolls are headed "Expedition against the Spaniards in Cuba," or "Expedition against ye Spanish West Indies." [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 91, p. 333.] PROVINCE WARS 167 1742. Names on a roll of Edward Tyng's Co.: Samuel Cleveland (carpenter), Eb. Howard, Joseph Glover, Moses Cleveland, Jona. Waldo, Robt. Moores, Eb. Moores, Saml. Warren, James Nutting, Richard Richardson, Peter Reed, Geo. Reed, Jos. Richardson. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 92, p. 5.] Chelmsford Men in Phineas Stevens' Company: Josiah Parker, Wm. Haywood, Joseph Bloggett, Danl. Crosby, Thos. Clark, Benj. Corey, John Fletcher, Peter Fletcher, Josiah Foster, Josiah Hill, Isaac Parker, Joshua Reid, Chas. Stevens, Moses Walker. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 92, p. 85.] KING GEORGE'S WAR. War was declared between England and France in 1744. Peace was again restored by the treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, in 1748, which was really a mere truce in the long contest for supremacy in America. In 1745 about four thousand Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Connecticut men went against Louisburg, the French port on the island of Cape Breton, and captured the fortifications which had been twenty-five years in building, and were the most formidable in America. Commodore Warren, the English naval commander in the West Indies, furnished ships for the convoy of the troops. The treaty restored Louisburg to the French. The attack planned the next year against the French at Crown Point came to nothing. The mutual restoration of all conquests by the treaty of 1748, which meant Louisburg given back to the French without the consent of the Americans, was one of the causes of dissatisfaction on the part of the Colonists which led eventually to a desire for separation from the mother country . 1748, December 24. The Commissary General was directed to deliver to Capt. Saml. Chamberlayne a Gun out of the Province store for the use of Ebenczer Foster in place of one he furnished his son, a soldier in the public service, and which was taken from him by the Indian enemy, also 1749, January 3, a gun and £10. for the use of Henry Stevens, Jr. in consideration of his loss of time and sufferings occasioned by his being taken prisoner by the enemy, while in the Province service. [Acts and Resolves, Vol. 14, p. 199.] 158 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD "Wm. Blodget and divers others, Inhabitants of Chelmsford, were granted the use of an island in the Merrimack containing 3 /8 of an acre for the privilege and conveniency of fishing. [Ibid, Vol. 15, p. 625.] Isaac Parker in service at No. 4, April, 1746, was taken captive and a gun taken from him. which he valued at £16. £4 was allowed him. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 73, p. 39.] Zacheus Blodgett in Capt. Hartwell's Company was killed by the Indians in 1748. His brother Oliver asked the Province Treasurer to pay the wages of Zacheus to Capt. John Colbum of Dracut. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 73, p. 405.] 1748. Phineas Stevens' Company: Phineas Stevens, Capt.; Elias Alexander, Lieut.; John Burk' Sergt. ; Caleb Howe, Sergt. ; James Johnson, Clerk; Josiah Parker. Corp.; William Haywood, Corp.; Bildad Andrews, Surgeon; Benjamin Allen, Centinel; Nathaniel Andrews, Isaac Aplin, David Burr, Joseph Bloggett, Titus Belling, Robert Barber, Daniel Crosby, William Cranney, Thomas Carpenter, Thomas Clark, Benjamin Corey, Robert Campbell, Eleazor Davis, John Dodd, John Fletcher, Peter Fletcher, Josiah Foster, David Fams- worth, Joshua Gerry, Daniel Gray, Squier Goff, Jonathan Gray, James Cowin, Samuel Holmes, Eleazer Hotton, Isaiah Hills, John Henry, James Holding, Stephen Johnson, Forbes Hibble, John Meeden, Daniel McKinney, Isaac Parker, Joseph Perry, Noah Paine, Benjamin Paine, Ephraime Powers, Eleasar Priest, Joseph Russell, Joseph Rutlin, Peter Russell, Joshua Reid, Ebenezcr Scott, Charles Stevens, John Stevenson, John Summers, Josiah Suddock, Thomas Terry, Joshua Train, Joseph Wilson, Mathew Wyman, Moses Walker. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 92, p. 85.] 1748. Elisha Hawley's Company: Ebenezer Gould, Corporal, Chelmsford; Oliver Barret, Centinel, Dracut; Thomas Blodget, Chelmsford; Nathaniel Hunt, Dracut; Eliseus Barron, Dracut; John Corey, Billerica; Joseph Bates, Dracut. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 92, p. 90^] PROVINCE WARS 159 Capt. John Catlin's Co. 1748. Due to the following men [Scouts] for their travehng Home: Jonathan Farwell 80 miles 10 shillings Henry Snow 80 10 John "Parker 60 7/6 Samuel Adams 80 10 David Bates 80 10 Jonathan Parker 60 7/6 Moses Parker 100 12 Josiah Parker 60 7 [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 93, p. 28.] Capt. Eleazer Melvin's Co. : Thomas Byam, Nath. Butterfield, Caleb Bean, Benj. Byam, Andrew Hutchins, Thomas Hutchins. All Chelmsford names. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 93, p. 136.] 1748. Josiah Willard's dismissed men: Peter Fletcher, Eb. Fletcher, Timothy Fletcher, Benj. Barrett. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 92, p. 185.] ORDERS TO THE TREASURER. In the House of Rep'ives Jany 12, 1748 Ordered that the Treasurer be directed to pay Nathaniel Richardson or Order the Wages due upon muster Roll to his son Joseph Richardson dec'd who was Killed in the Service of the Province, the sd Nathaniel to be accountable to any admr. that shall be appted. upon the Estate of the Dec'd. Sent up for concurrence Attt. Roland Cotton Cler. Dom. Rep. In Council Jan 13, 1748. Read & Concurred Consented to J. Willard Secy. W. Shirley. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 73, p. 325.] In the House of Reo'ives. April 7, 1749. In as much as Zacheus Blogget a soldier in the service of the Province was slain by the Indian Enemy the last summer, and He ha\'ing left no other Estate than the Wages due from the Province : Therefore Ordered that the Treasurer be directed to Pay sd. Wages to Capt Saml Chamberlayne to be by him paid among the Brethren and Sisters of the Dec'd according to Law. Sent up for concurrence, T. Hutchinson Dep. Sec. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 73, p. 403.] 160 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Lunenburg February the 8th. 1748 These may Certify that Zacheus Blodgett was the last summer in His Majesties Service under my Command as he is bom upon my last Muster role who was Killed by the Indian Enemy the fifth Day of July last. Attest Edward Hartwell. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 73, p. 404.] PETITION OF EBENEZER FOSTER. JR. To his Excellency William Shirley Esq. Province of the 1 Govemour and Commander in Chief — Massachusetts Bay j the Honble his Majesties Council and House of Representatives in General Court Assembled Nov. 1748. The Petition of Ebenezer Foster, Jr. of Chelmsford Himibly Sheweth That Reuben Walker a Servant to your Petitioner was Impressed into his majesties Service and being under the Command of Capt. Josiah Willard was Captivated by the Enemy and Lost a gim of the value of Twelve pounds and the Property of your Petitioner who Prays that he may be allowed for the same. Samll Chamberlin in behalf of the Petitioner In the House of Rep'ives Dec. 23, 1748 Read and in answer ordered that the Commissary Genl be directed to deliver to Capt. Saml Chamberlayne a gun out of the Province Store for the Use of the Petitioner. Sent up for Con- currence T. Hutchinson, Spkr, J. Willard Secy. In Council Dec. 24, 1748 Consented to Read & Concurred. W. Thirlbey. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 73, p. 267.] John Henry of Lawful Age Testifieth that he was Taken Captive in July Last by the Indian Enemy at the same time when Reuben Walker was Taken and that he was well Knowing that the said Walker lost his gun he seeing it several times after in the Enemies hand and further saith not. Concord Nov. 25th. 1748 John Henery. Middlesex SS Nov. 25th. 1748. The above named John Henry personally appearing made oath to the truth of what is above written before me James Minot Just. Peace [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 73, p. 268.] EFFIGY OK EBENEZKK BRIDGE HEZEKIAH PACKARD WILKES ALLEN JOHN PARKHURST PROVINCE WARS 161 PETITION OF HENRY STEVENS, JR. To His Honour Spencer Phips Esg. Province of the Lieutenant Governer, Captain General Massachusetts & Commander in Chief of the Province Bay &ca. aforesaid, the Honoble His Majesty's Council and House of Representatives in General Court Assembled at Boston on the Twenty second Day of November Anno Domini 1749. The Petition of Henry Stevens junr. of Chelmsford in the County of Middlesex, Humbly Sheweth, That, he on the sixteenth Day of June A. D. 1748 Then a Soldier in the Service of the sd. Province under the Command of Capt Josiah Willard, was, at Fort Dummer, captivated by the Indians, stripped of what he had with him, and canned to Quebec, where he arrived the first Da}'- of July next following, and im- prisoned until the 27th Day of August then next, and from thence taken and put on board a French Man of War, which was about to sail as a Flag of Truce to Cape Briton: That on his Passage from Quebec to Cape Briton (where he arrived about the middle of September following) he was taken very sick of a Fever, and continuing so at his arrival, was put into the Hospital, and there detained by his sickness until the 14th of October following, before he was able to take Passage for New England (being there sometime longer than his Fellow Captives) from thence he then sailed, and arrived at Home in Chelmsford aforesd. the 12th Day of November following. And that he while in Captivity aforesaid suffered great Hardships & Distresses & ca. Your Petitioner therefore humbly prays your Honour and Honours would be pleased to grant him his full Wages out of the Treasury of this Province from the Time he was taken until he arrived at Home aforesaid, and a proper allowance for his Gun (of the Value of Fifteen Pounds Old Tenor Bills) which the Indians took from him when taken. And also that he may be reimbursed the sum of Ten Pounds Old Tenor Bills, which he was obliged to pay for his Passage from Cape Briton (he not being able otherways to procure the same) who as in duty bound Shallever pray. Henry Steavins, Junr. In the House of Rep'ives. Deer. 22 1749 Ordered that the Treasurer be directed to pay to Capt. Chamberlayne Rep'ive. of Chelmsford for the use of the Petr. the sum of ten pounds in consideration of his loss of time, sufferings &c Ordered also that the Commissary Genl. be directed to deliver said Chamberlayne for the use aforesaid a Gun out of the Province Sent up for Concurrence Attt Roland Cotton Cler. Dom. Rep. In Council Jan 3 1749 Read and Concurred Sam Holbrook Dep Sec Consented to S. Phips M assachusetts Archives, Vol. 73, p. 565.] 162 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR. This was the fourth intercolonial war and the last and most severe of the struggles between the English and French colonies. It began in May, 1754 and ended in February, 1763. The Indians, as usual, took an important part in this war. After the capture of Louisburg (1745), the French had become aggressive. In 1754 they seized the English fort at the forks of the Ohio, and Braddock's defeat took place the following year. Besides this expedition against Fort Du Quesne, others were to proceed against Niagara and Crown Point. Lord Loudon failed to take Louisburg in 1757, but General Amherst succeeded in 1758, and the power of France in America declined rapidly. The reader must look elsewhere for the fate of Ticonderoga, of Fort William Henry, and the events which took place on our northern boundaries. A tragic feature of this war was the expulsion by the British of the Acadians from Nova Scotia, justified on the grounds of military necessity. More than a thousand, about one-seventh of the whole number carried away, were brought to Massachusetts, to be for years a burden on the public. [See Longfellow's "Evangeline," and Parkman's "Half Century of Conflict."] Encouraged by success the Colonists, with England, set out to accomplish the total reduction of Canada, which by the treaty of Paris was ceded to England in 1763. Chelmsford names on a bill for £848 : 8 : 0. The Province of Massachusetts Bay to John Winslow, Dr. To cash paid by himself and Major Frye out of his money to the Sundry Soldiers Inlisted in his Regiment. June, 1754. Of Capt. Melvin's Co. : Benj. Byam, Gordon Hutchins, Benj. Barrot, Joseph Butter- field, Simon Farrar, Caleb Bean, Thos. Byam, Andrew Hutchins, Solomon Kidder, Wm. Shed, Benj. Hutchins, Timothy Fletcher, Nat. Butterfield, Thos. Hutchins, Richard Burge. Of Capt. Hobb's Co. : Benj. Correy, Oliver Blodgctt, John Blazdell, Jonas Parker, Leonard Parker. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 93, p. 139a.] 1754. In defense of the Eastern Frontiers: Eleazer Melvin, Capt., Concord; Centinels Thos. Byam, Nat. Butterfield, Caleb Bean (servant to Saml. Chamberlain), Benj. Byam, Andrew Hutchins, Thos. Hutchins, all of Chelmsford. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 93, pp. 136-7.] PROVINCE WARS 163 1754. Company for defence of Eastern Frontiers, Capt. John Fox. This roll contains the name of Charles Barron, Chelmsford. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 93, p. 131.] 1754. In Capt. Humphry Hobb's Co. were: Oliver Barron, Oliver Blodgett, Patrick Rogers, John Blazdell, all of Chelmsford. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 93, p. 133.] DEPOSITION. The Deposition of Jonathan Butterfield and Oliver Blodget, both of Lawfull age Testifie & say that being in Company with Jonathan Snow & Samuel Butterfield on the head Branches of Little Androscoggin River, on Monday the nineteenth of this Inst. May. We the Deponts parted with ye said Jona. & Samll, & agreed to meet each other at ye place of our departure on ye Wednesday following if our business would allow of it, if not to meet there without fail if alive & well on Saturday following, accordingl}^ our business not allowing to go on Wednesday we went on Saturday, but on our return about three miles before we came to the place of meeting on a Small Brook we Trackt seven Indians (as we then supposed) and coming to the camp we found the said Jonathan (as we judged) Kill'd & Scalpt, lying out of ye Camp and covered with a Bark. The Deponant Jonathan saith as he was viewing the Dead Body (which was very much cut & stab'd) the Depont Oliver told me he heard some noise & disired I would draw of, that we might make our escape which we did and upon our Return to North Yarmouth when we had got about eight miles we Trackt about the same number which were travelling down towards the English settlement. The Deponts say that they judge the person was killed some days before they came to the Camp and that they found the shoes of said Snow and the bullet bag of the said Samuel in the Camp. And a wooden spit stuck in the ground, with a mogasin hung on the end of it pointing towards the North West. And further say not. Jonathan Buterfield Oliver Blodget. Sworn May 27, 1755. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 32, p. 613.] Sept 22 1755 Men in Expedition against Crown Point. Col. Eleazer Tyng's Reg't. : Troopers Stephen Adams, John Foster, Wm. Pirce, Peter Spaulding, Nathaniel Butorfield, John Foster, Joseph Barret, Samuel Stevens, Juner, Gideon Fletcher, Isaiah Spaulding, Samuel Fletcher, Joseph Done [Dtmn], Jobe Spaulding. Josiah Richard- son, Muster-Master. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 93, p. 194.] 164 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Jonathan Butterfields Company. 1755: Stephen Adams, Ensign; Saml. Stevens, Peter Spavilding, Edw. Spaulding, Simeon Gould, Nat. Butterfield, Joseph Dunn, Gideon Fletcher, Job Spaulding, Joseph Barratt, Saml. Fletcher, Wm. Barratt, Oliver Spaulding. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 94, p. 59.] A Return of Gov. Shirley's Companies. Nov. 28. 1755. Chelmsford Names: Major Jedediah Preble's Company on board the Sea Flower and Three Friends: Age Born. Last Residence, occupation. Jona. Howard. Private .35 Chensford Berwick Tanner Capt Humphry Hobb's Phoenix : Co on board Three Friends and Capt Enoch Bayley's Co: Age Born. John Parry Private 20 Boston Capt Elijah Willard's Co: Age Nathl. Foster Saml. Foster Andrew Hutchins Eliakim Hutchins Corporal 25 Private 25 25 22 Born. Chilmsford Last Residence, occupation- Chelmsford Housewright Last Residence, occupation. Chelmsford Husbandman " Labourer " Husbandman " Labourer Age Born. Last Residence, occupation. Eleazer Stevens Private 24 Chensford Chensford Labourer Patrick Rogers 22 Wexford " " John Warrin 21 Chensford " " Benj. Kemp 22 " " Cooper John Blasdall 22 " " " Jacob Farmer 41 Bilricka " Labourer Benja. Byam 21 Chelsford Chilsford Cooper Thos. Byara 40 " " Cordwainer . Ezekiel Davis 18 Newton Chemsford Labourer Jere Frost 19 Bilricka " " Benj Chamberlain 18 Chensford " " Benj Fletcher 17 Bilricka " " Abraham Cummings 21 Notingham " Smith Capt Phineas Osgood's Co on board the Sloop Swan & Jolley: Age Born. Last Residence, occupation. Nathl. Butterfield Private 42 Chelmsford Chelmsford Husbandman Ebenezer Kiterage 23 " 1. i< Zebadiah Corey 22 " Billerica Cordwainer Wm Correy 22 " Concord Cooper Lieut Col George Scott's Co: Age Born. Last Residence, occupation. Nehem. Varnuni Private 19 Dracut Chelmsford Labourer Maj Joseph Frye's Co : Age Born. Last Residence, occupation- • Abner Keys Private 17 Chelmsford Chelmsford Blacksmith Daniel Stevens 18 " " Yeoman I PROVINCE WARS 165 Capt Ephraim Jones' Co: Age Born. Last Residence, occupation. Saml. Cowdry Private 20 Chelmsford Chelmsford Labourer Jona Shed " 45 " Pepperel Yeoman [Winslow's Journal. Mass. Hist. Soc] Captains Adams, Hobbs and Osgood were with Col. Winslow atOrandPre. SeeParkman's"Montcalmand Wolfe," Vol. l,p.270. Col. Edmund Goffe petitioned the Governor for compensation for himself and Henry Blaisdell whom he had appointed "to be surgeon to the said forces." [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 72, pp. 169-172.] In Capt. Saml. Preston's Company of Littleton. Served Aug 11, 1755 to Jan 1. 1756. Travel from Albany to Littleton. 180 miles, 12 days. John Spaulding, Clerk; Privates Oliver Spaulding, John Mansfield, Henry Spaulding, all of Chelmsford. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 94, p. 65.] Capt Jonathan Butterfield's Co. : Benj. Abbitt, Charles Barron, Simeon Corey, Robert Butter- field, Eb. Butterfield, Benj. Manning, James Button, John Warren, Isaac Proctor, Benj. Butterfield, Nat. Butterfield, Wm. Bowers. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 94, p. 185.] Chelmsford men under command of John Reed & Beniah Young. Expedition to Crown Point from Mch. 30, 1755 to Jan. 5. 1756. Travel from Albany. 20 to 30 weeks service. Jonathan Barron, Left.; Moses Parker, Sargt., later Ensign; Reuben Corey, Corp., later Sargt.; Joshua Atwood, Private, later Corp.; Privates Charles Barron, Isaac Warren, Elisha Procter, Asai Marten, Joshua Snow, John Parker, Jacob Parker, James Emery. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 94, p. 105.] 166 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD -v-v-n y, '^ y, "-" "^ pC, l^ •■*-' •— 'S'5 c c HHUU o U u O u 4) c aj o U O U ■ o" « "r; CO ■ a c/5 '•5 u 3^ rrt a. rt mO^ I o O p< ■ O rt O S o 3 - 3 TO J '* rt- X U5 n 1- 2 S i C c« 3- d 3 Q u O C/3 '^ en c - 3^ ■T3 3. >> tn , "i- 3 " > 5 v-. .. S ^ > « > S ■^ , rt C -^ nquire out ered into s t it, say, : 1 off ym h may be ca ii ■3 as 0) i-nr; 3— >, 4_) O O! O 2 0) >. ^ "^ rt > -- Sn >. en ^ u 3 01 (U OJ "" ^ u Bj= > .M •3 ^^'S >>i2 ■3 3oa S ^ 0.0 •- o 0) 3 "O en ti . OJ ^^ S >>u^- >. 3" >< Sn 3 u Ox 3 % rt 3 2 >• 2-0 -a'** § 5 3 O) -r; -i-j--^ 3 en u •:= ra •^3 bfjij ^ ^ C3 o 'e fo o > -a en" O-g Sou s:§2 i; 03 T3 3 C. O "in O^ Q-- 03 ►— rt 13 O u c < <^ E 8 g S O o a; 3 o rt 3 . 1- >^ 5; r2 . o C3^ > 00 -I >' J? (ii .i^X en i- 3 ^ 3-0 &— 3 Jr^ ^ ^ ^ en O -^ - ^-^^ ^^ c --> O rt HT3 rt 3W3aj>,'-. en ►__»-H-.Xl'-;o^ S 3 3-E > 2 E 3 en en-ii I PROVINCE WARS 167 Capt Butterfield's Company. Mustered. Oct. 11, 1756: Robt. Butterfield, sick, Sergt.; Benj. Hoagg, sick, Corp.; Benj. Butterfield, Corp.; Nat. Butterfield, dead; Wm. Bowers, sick; Zebulon Buttman, sick; Simeon Corey, dead; James Dutton, Ambross Emery, Nathaniel Langley, dead; Benj. Manning, sick; Isaac Procter and Simeon Roby, sick at Albany. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 94, p. 458.] Capt Bayley's Co. : Jacob Blasedell and Moses Blasedell. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 94, p. 458.] LIST OF THE ACADIANS CARED FOR IN CHELMSFORD. Chehnsford Oct 24, 1757. In obedience & pursuant to an Order of the Great and General Court of the Province of the Massachusetts Bay, made & passed the 21st Day of January A. D. 1757 The following is a true list of the several French Persons names in the Town of Chelmsford, the amount of their age sex & the circimistances of their Health & capacity for Labour. The Number of Frence are seventeen. Aged. 62yrs. 60 weekly & unable to labour & labouring under the misfortune of a broken arm & the charges there of now, 22 able to Labour. 20 Sickly & not able to Labour. 18 able to Labour. 16 " 29 Sickly & not able to Labour. 29 able to Labour Vizt. Names Jean Landrie a man Maudlin his wife Paul Landrie his son Charles Do Do Simon Asam Charles Trawhorn a man Tithorne his wife Mary their daughter Maudlin " Joseph " son Grigwire " " Margaret " Daughter Joseph Landrie a son of the sd Jean Landrie Maudlin his wife Jean their son Murray Maudlin their daughter 5 months 4 sickly 3 : 7 months 26 years Healthy & able to Labour. 26 " " 2 years sickly & weakly. David Spaulding Daniel Proctor Henry Spaulding Jonas Adams Andrew Fletcher Selectmen of Chelmsford. 168 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD December 4, 1758, there were reported two more, Joseph and Paul, grandsons of Jean Landrie, twins, six weeks old, sicldy. The Town Records show many items of expense for the support of these people, such as rye and Indian meal, shuger, beef, mutton, salt pork, peas, syder, rhumb, biscake, fire-wood, and medical attendance. They were well taken care of, but of course suffered much from home-sickness, loss of friends and property, and other things incidental to their sad fate. In one instance one of the French is paid by the town for assistance rendered by him to his less fortunate companions in exile, as appears by the following :—" Joseph Landrie for time spent in moving Jane Landrie and wife with their goods from David Spaulding's to Ephraim Warrens and for going twice to Dunstable about a nurse for said Jane Landrie and wife when sick, five shillings and four pence," and David Spaulding is paid for his "cart and oxen to move the French from his own house to Ephraim Warren's." The Province accounts show items such as the following : June 14, 1758. Allowed to the Selectmen of Chelmsford for supporting French Neutrals, £25.2.51. Jan. 17, 1759. Allowed to the Selectmen of Chelmsford for supporting French Neutrals, £42.2.6^. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 136, p. 517.] An account was rendered by the Town from time to time to the secretary of the Province of the expense which had been inciured in their support. The following record shows that the Town was wholly, or in part, reimbursed: "Chelmsford, April 27, 1761. At a meeting of the Major part of the Selectmen it was agreed upon and ordered that Oliver Fletcher, Esq., pay to Mr. Samuel Perham, Town Treasurer for the Town of Chelmsford for the year A. D. 1761, the Stun of twenty nine Pounds eight shillings and two pence lawful money, which the sd. Oliver received of Harrison Gray, Esq., Province Treasurer, a Grant made to the Town of Chelmsford for their last account exhibited for supporting Jean Landrie and Family in this Town, which grant was made on or about the first of April currant. £29-8-2." The fall of Fort William Henry in 1757 occasioned great alarm throughout the colony, and troops were hastily organized in the different towns to repel the threatened invasion. In August the Sheriffs were ordered by the Governor "to keep watch over French, and not allow them too great liberty at this critical juncture, as in consequence of the surrender of Fort William Henry and the attack of Fort Edward, the issue of which is uncertain." In 1760 Charles Trawhom and family were moved from Chelmsford to Concord by order of a committee of the General Court. While in this Town they lived in the house of "John Blazedel." PROVINCE WARS 169 In regard to the treatment of those Acadeans who "sojourned" in Massachusetts, Gov. Hutchinson wrote that "many of them went through great hardships, but in general they were treated with humanity." We cannot but hope that those whose lot was cast among the farmers of Middlesex found some loving hearts to help lift the burdens which man's inhumanity had heaped upon them. Of their ultimate fate much has been written. Many of those who had been quartered in the vSouthern States found a permanent home in Louisiana. Fifty thousand "Cajeans," as they are vulgarly called, con- stitute today a separate community along the "Acadean coast" of the Mississippi in the western part of the State. Papers on file among the Massachusetts archives leave no doubt that those in this state, at least, found homes in Canada. Soon after the Treaty of Paris, by which Canada was ceded to Great Britain, a correspondence was opened between the Governors of Massachusetts and Quebec in regard to their settle- ment in Canada. One paper bears the endorsement, "List of the Acadeans ready to go to Canada, amounting to 890." Muster Roll of The Company in His Majesty's Service under Command of Jonathan Butterfield of Dunstable, Captain. Gridley's Reg't. to Crown Point. Feb. 7. 1756 to Dec. 1756. Stephen Adams, Lieut. \ Broke and Cashiered [a broken man j for stealing old Iron, was an outlaw.] Robert Butterfield Dead. Benj Hoagg Corp. Tukesbury. Dead. Benj Butterfield " John Warren " Chas. Barron Drummer Nat Butterfield Private Dead Wm Bowers Zebulon Buttman Simeon Corey " Dead James Dutton Nat. Langley Benj Manning Billerica Isaac Procter [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 95, p. 84.] A roll of the 1st Military Co — under Capt James Minott. contains the names of Oliver Barron, Benj. Barrett, John (or Jonas) Bateman, Saml. Estabrooks. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 95, pp. 322-324.] 170 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD 00 i-H in lO ic »o ic »o lo lo o Lo lo m 'O S £ e; O-rl o o 5- nU.>- .^c a S o WO 3 tO 3 Q (fl V- (U (J (U 3 <" — nj p '-^ g n), ■> w C "^ ^^ o a 0^ w ;-! r-t ^vood (died Aug. 6), Dennis McLane, John Porter (Jos. Parker, Master), Elijah Richardson, Levi Spaulding (died June 25), Wm. Wright. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 98, pp. 254-5.] A Roll of Officers and men in Capt Moses Parker's Company and Col. Frye's Regiment, in Ser\nce in the Province of Nova Scotia after the 1st of January, 1760 and at the time of their discharge. Moses Parker, Capt.; 1st Lieuts. John Clap, Josiah Foster; Sergts. John Burrill, John Warren, David Barker, Wm. Butter- field; Corpls. Moses Collins, Thomas Parry, Joseph Dunn, Samuel Brown; Privates Zachr. Alexander, Thomas Boutell, Jeremy Briant, Benj. Bachelor, John Boston, John Boutell, Thomas Byam, Benj. Baker, Colbum Barrett, James Baker, Jr., William Baster, Simeon Brooks, Benj. Curtis, Oliver Corey, Job Cowins, William Corbett, Samuel Dammon, John Dunn, Timothy Damon, Charles Dwymell, Jonas Farmer, John Freelon, Samuel Farley, Peter Goss, Daniel Goss, Benj. Gould, Robt. Gilson, Amos Green, Edward Gross, John Gross, Thomas Hutchins, Ebenezer Randall, John Logan, Eliphalet Lewis, Isaac Lapham, Robert Morrill, James Moor, Alexander Orr, William Parris, Jr., Asa Pollard, Nehemiah Palmer, Edward Prouty, Moses Richardson, Samuel Sheldon, John Sentie, Daniel Stevens, Zachary Shad, Seth Silvester, Isaac Torrey, Jonathan Town, David Thompson, Jabez Upton, Isaac Walton, Eliphaz Wyman, Peletiah Whittemore, Oliver Wright, Nirah Wran. The whole number, 68. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 98, p. 450.] 1760. 105 miles travel. 34 weeks, six days. Capt. Jonathan Butterfield, Thomas Byam, Benj. Cham- berlan. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 93, p. 136.] 176 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD 1760. Aug. 26. "Orders for a ntimber of men to go on bord the Prize Vessals Consisting of 165 men, officers Included, to go Voluntiers from the Proventials, also for 41 men to List out of the Massachusetts Regts. To Joyne Major Roggers as Rangers in Lieu of that Number of the New hampshires that was not fit for Rangers. Thompson Maxwell, of Capt. Whitings Company Listed a Ranger — & Sergt. [Jonas] Parker [of Chelmsford], Samll. Treadwell [of Littleton] Thaddeus Read [of Westford] & John Robinson [of Dunstable] wint on Board the Prizes." ["Three Military Diaries." S. A. Green, p. 61.] NOTE BOOK OF OLIVER COREY — IN THE POSSESSION OF THE DADMUN FAMILY. Oliver Cory his book June the 12d. 1759. This day a sloop came in fort fradrek [Frederick] from boston and brot Rum and syder and clo[th]ing for us Shuger and all sorts of things for us and we had nuws that all Chelmsford pepel was well that day August the 15d. 1759 then there came in a slop and a skonoer and borot sum stores in to fort fradrek at sant John river. Aparl the 24d. 1759 then we wnt aboard of a brig whec was [ ] upon water then we ariued sant iohns is fort. Sant John reur at fort fradrek. And I listed the 23d of March and that is now leuen weks and three days May ye 14d 1759. then [we] spied three french and ingings and sent sixteen men besides officers after them and tha spied them and chased them but tha culd not git them and the 15d we sent thurty men beside and the 18 of May then whe went 13 men and I was won of them and they all askered [scared] but one and that was Dutton of birikey and we was a fishing at the wars [wiers] in the euing Wen the ingens shot on us six guns and whe run and we had no gon waith os June the 15d 1759 in the moring about ten men went down to fishing and then the frinch fired at our men and tha cilled one and wound one more and there was about twenty french and our men run to help them and our ofes [officers] called them back all but three or four and then run and shot at them and then hailed the wounded men away and they retreted and whe sent fiftey five men after them but they could not ove tack them. September the 6d 1759. then we sent up Sant John riuer a bout a hondred men and a skone[r] with two suels [swivel] gons in the skoner and they had fight with the french and we lost five men that was cilled there and seuen wound all in Ca[pt] parker Comp'ny. and one more was wound septemder the 12d 1759 the scout came in. GRAVESTONES OF COL. JONAS CLARK AND HIS WIFE. A'o. /?. GRAVESTONES OF THE REV. EBENEZER BRIDGE AND MADAM SARAH BRIDGE. PROVINCE WARS 177 September the 28d 1759. I have ben listed 27 weks 36 dols for 24 weks October the 17d 1759 A snow a day then I and anouer man dog a grave for one of the wound men and berered him that day Otober the 18d 1759 then cam a flag a truth [truce] and three french for to sw're abegens [obedience] to oure King. Octoba the 26d 1759 then about one hundred men went up the river and brot down a bout one hundred and seuenty french and we 1[ ]e in the 8d of Novembr, 1759. March the 5d 1760 it was a very warn day and very wendy day and they gees flew breskly that day and dolk [duck] two August the lid 1759 then we sent eighty men up the Sant John r'ver in six battos August the 18d. 1759 then these men came in again and they brot in two skonos and riggins fit for sailing and more plonder wch is thort is woth about twoo thousand or more and they got one boot that they thet is woth fiftey pound and they colled it Moses for that was it name. July the 9d 1759 then whe sent forty eight men be sids ofes [officers] and in hoi was sixty men Capten parker and Leaften foster went up the riuer slant John July the 12d 1759 then this scout came in all well and they bright in too french men into fort fradrick July 12d 1759 then we sent up the riuer seventy men a skout July the 16d 1759 then the [s]cout cam in all wll and got nothn but sum old plonder a bout one 100 pound worth 33 dols June 8d 1759 I writ this and I was on gard this fort hes four grat gons twenty four pounders and forteen twelve pounders Capten Gavis is ouer one Compny and Capten Crits is ouer a nother Compny and Capten parker is ouer a nother Compny thes are the captens ouer three Compens dcember the 25d 1759 we dined with the gonars [gunners] and we had a god dener and then we had licker and that night and the 26d I went on gard and it snow hard. January the 5d 1760 at Sant John at fort fredrick then there was six men ran a way from this pis with a skoner January th 29d 1760 then the Curnel bur — went to half ax with about two hundred french and sixteen men for a gard. Oliver Corey made and mended shoes for the soldiers, and lent them money, and sold "sider," rum and "bere," and baked bread. He charged Jonathan Snow £0. 12. 10 for making a pair of shoes, and five shillings for mending "pomps." His name is found on .several of the preceding rolls. The entries in the book are given in the same order as in the original. 178 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD 1761. Chelmsford names in Capt. Aaron Willard's Co.: Charles Barron, Ezra Corey (servant to John Button), Oliver Fletcher (son to Stephen Fletcher), Elijah Galusha, dead, (servant to Saml. Sureen), John Jewell, Charles McLean (son to Susan McLean). [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 98, pp. 228 and 389.] 1762 — Capt William Baldwin, Col. Hoar's Regt. marched from Chelmsford to Boston, shipped to Halifax & then sailed to aid in the reduction of some French ports in the Gulf of St. Lawrence Officers of the South Company in Chelmsford; Daniel Proctor, Capt., 1762; Jonathan Harwood, Lieut., Jona. Robbins, Ensign. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 99, p. 35.] Thomas Fan-ington's Co. 1762: Ephraim Corey, son of Oliver Corey, Littleton; William Barrett, Chelmsford; Ezra Corey, Westford; Levi Fletcher, Chelmsford. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 99, p. 120.] Chelmsford Names in Capt Moses Parker's Company, 1762: Moses Parker, Capt.; Jonas Parker, Sergt.; Corpls, Leon Butterfield, John Senter, Rice Knowlton, Saml. Cowdry; Privates, Joseph Barrett, Jerh. Butterfield, Thos. Byam, Solomon Crosby, Ebenr. Foster (son of E. Foster), John Freeland, Benj. Gould, Jr. (son of A. Gould), Jona. Harwood, John Jewell (son of N. Jewell), Daniel Keyes (ser\'ant to Jos. Moores), Chas. McLain (servant to J. Dun), Willm. Perry, Saml. Stratton (servant to A. Spaulding), John Stephens. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 99, pp. 153 and 158.] Chelmsford Names in Capt. Jonathan Carver's Company, 1763: Daniel Keyes, Sergt., servt. to Jos. Moors; Jeremiah Butter- field, Privates; Luke Bowers (S. of Bowers), Charles Barron, Joseph Barrett, Joseph Butterfield (s. of Wm. Butterfield), Uriah Fletcher (s. of Ste. Fletcher), Robert Fletcher (s. of Robt. Fletcher, Benj. Fletcher (s. of Jos. Fletcher), Benja. Gould. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 99, p. 245.] Capt. Benjamin Edward's Co.: Luke Richardson (son of Henry Richardson). Ebenr. Foster (c. of Ebenr. Foster). [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 99, p. 256.] PROVINCE WARS 179 Thursday July 1, 175G. The Petition of OHver Adams of Chelmsford in the County of Middlesex Executor of the last Will and Testament of Benjamin Adams junr. late of Chelmsford aforesd, Housewright, deceased, humbly sheweth that the said Benjamin Adams, on the twenty seventh Day of September last being Saturday at evening was impressed into His Majestys service for the Crown Point Expedition then carrying on by Capt Ephraim Spaulding by order from Colo. Eleazer Tyng, to compleat a deficiency of Men in his Regiment: that on the next Day being Sabbath Day, the sd Benjamin received Orders from the said Colo. Eleazer Tyng to march the next Day morning for Worcester in the County of Worcester & there wait for further orders. And accordingly he did the next morning, being Monday, set out for Worcester aforesaid not having any Opportunity to settle any of his Affairs or even so much as to make any Charges for his Labour against those People whom he had then lately laboured for; to the great injury of the Heirs at Law of the sd. Benjamin; and that the sd Benjamin arrived at Worcester aforesd. the thirtieth Day of September last & there Tarryed nine Days and Billetted himself at his own Costs from the time that he marched from Chelmsford aforesd. eleven Days, at one shilling & six pence per Day — before he received, or there was any Provision made for his sub- sistance, by the Government; that the sd. Benjamin at Worcester aforesd. was put under the Command of Capt Henry Ingalls & with him from thence proceeded to Albany, & was employed from thence to Lake George as a Guard to the Waggoners Carrying Provisions for the Army untill the twenty fourth Day of November last, when through the great fatigues of his marches & the Duty he was ordered to perform & the very bad and unholesome Provisions he did receive & was obliged to eat (or else to starve) he was reduced to a low & bad state of health, and thereby rendered unable to do any further Duty; he on the twenty fourth Day of November aforesd Obtained dismission from the Service under the Hand of Colo. John Hazeltine to return Home to Chelmsford aforesd.; that in his journey & return his illness & weakness increased so upon him that he was unable to travel on foot the greater Part of the way & necessarily put the charged Eight shillings Lawful money for the hire of Horses from Town to Town and assistance therein, as also the expence of one shilling & six pence per Day for his subsistance for eleven Days in his return to Chelmsford aforesd.; being sixteen shillings & six pence Lawful Money, that the said Benjamin on the fourth Day of December last got to Chelmsford aforesd. to the House of one Peter Procter, within about three miles of his own Lodging, and then was taken so very sick of a Fever that he could not hold out to be moved to his own Lodging, & continued so at the sd Peter Procter's until the eighteenth Day of December aforesd. when he died; That thesd. Oliver Adams Executor as aforesd. hath 180 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD been Obliged to pay to the sd. Peter Proctor for the nursing of the sd. Benjamin & providing for the nurses & watchers & trouble about the same the sum of one Pound sixteen Shillings Lawful money, as per said Procter's receipt. Oliver Adams Executor July 3, 1756. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 75, p. G83.] £2. 9. Allowed Deacon Spaulding was reported among the sick & wounded. The Petitition of William Bowers of Chelmsford in the County of Middlesex; Humbly Sheweth that he in the month of March Anno Domini 1756 inlisted in His Majesty's Service in the Crown Point Expedition then carrying on in a Company under the Command of Capt Jonathan Butterfield of Colo. Gridley's Regiment and proceeded to Lake George & there did perform Duty until on or about the Middle of October last & then was taken Sick of a Fever & thereby rendered wholly unable to perform any further Duty, and on or about the first of November last continuing unable to perform Duty was removed from thence Homeward to a place called the Half Moon, & was there obliged to tarry about six Weeks by reason of his Sickness, not being able to proceed any further homeward for that term of time, that on the 12th Day of December last he got to Capt Brewers at a place called Number one, on his Way Homeward & then not being able to travel any further by reason of his Great Weakness & Sickness & he having before that time sent home to Chelmsford for a man & Horse to assist him in the remaining Part of the Way Home, & that a man and Horse did come thither to him from Chelmsford aforesd. and assisted him Home to Chelmsford aforesd. where he arrived on or about the first Day of January last, that he was necessarily put to the expence of one Pound thirteen shillings and four pence Lawfull Money for the Expence of providing for the Man & Horse on the Road, while performing the sd. Journey being thirteen Days Chelmsford May 23 1757 William Bowers. Affidavit signed by Oliver Fletcher Just. Pac. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 77, p. 13.] £3.3.6. Asked J £0.15.2. for man's time. 1/2 per day. £0.15.0. hire of horse. Remained sick two months. £3. allowed. PROVINCE WARS 181 Province of the Massachusetts Bay &c To His Honour Spencer Phips Esq &c The Petition of Zacheriah Emmery of Chelmsford in the County of Middlesex Humbly Sheweth — That he in the month of June A. D. 1745 inlisted into His Majesty's Service in the Expedition against Cape Breton under the Command of Gershom Davis, Captain, & that he proceeded thither, & that in the month of October then next following; the General having given Orders for Each Company to choose an Agent to send to Boston, in New England, to make up the Muster- Roil of Each Company, he was then made choice of by the sd. Davis's Company for the same service and accordingly proceeded to Boston aforesd. & EtTected the same Business: & that he was to have returned again to Cape Breton, but was prevented by the Providence of God, being taken sick and continuing so for along time; that when he left Cape Breton, he left his Gun with & under the care of his son Samuel Emmery who was in the same service under the command of Captain Peter Hunt. & that the said son afterw^ard died at Cape Breton, aforesaid, & that thesd Petitioners own Gun and his sons Gun were sent in a Chest with other Guns to Zeuberbukler Commisary to Briggadr. Dwights Regmt. to his Agent or Attorney Mr Jarvis of Boston mercht. tobe delivered to the owners, but it happened through mistake that the sd Chest of Guns was delivered by the sd. Mr Jarvis to Mr. Wheelwright Commisary General of said Province whereby the said Petitioner hath been Prevented receiving his own Gun & the Gun of his son aforesaid, as he ought to have done, they being his & his son's own property. Your Petitioner therefore humbly prays your Honour & Honours would be pleased to make an order that he may be allowed out of the publick Treasury of this Province in con- sideration of the loss of his own Gun, the sum of ten Pounds ten Shillings Old Tenor Bills and of his Sons Gun the Sum of fifteen Pounds Old Tenor Bills being the true value of the sd Guns and your Petitioner as in duty bound shall ever pray, &ca. Zechariah Emery [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 74, p. 103.] Allowed £3. 18.0 in full consideration for the loss of the two guns. Province of the Massachusetts Bay in New England. To His Honour Spencer Phips Captain General & Commander in Chief of the Province aforcfaid. The Honourable His Majestys Council & House of Representatives in General Court Assembled at Boston on Wednesday the second Day of October Anno Domini 1751. The Petition of Oliver Blodget of Chelmsford in the County of Middlesex humbly Showeth, that his Brother Zacheus Blodget 182 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD was a soldier in His Majestj^s Service under the Command of Capt. Edward Hartwell of Lunenburgh in the year 1748 and that about the middle of July the same year he was Killed by the Indians at Lunenburgh aforesd & Striped of his Cloths & Gun which the Indians carried away with them. Your Petitioner therefore humbly moves your Honour & Honours would be pleased to give Order that he & his Brother Nehemiah Blodget (a minor) the only Heirs may be reimbursed the Sum of Two pounds thirteen shillings & fom* pence Lawful Money the value of the sd. Gun out of the Treasury of the Province aforesaid Who as in duty bound shall every pray &c. Oliver Blodget. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 74, p. 40.] The simi of £2. was allowed the petitioner. Province of the \ To His Honour Spencer Phips Esq Massachusetts Bay j Lieutenant Governour and Commander in Chief of the Province aforesaid, the Honourable His Majesty's Council & House of Representatives in General Court Assembled, at Boston on Wed- nesday the twenty sixth Day of May, Anno Domini 1756. The Petition of Asa Martin of Chelmsford in the County of Middlesex, Husbandman, Humbly sheweth— That he on or about the fifth Day of April Anno Domini. 1755. inlisted into His Majesty's Service, in the then intended Expedition against Crown Point, in a company under the Command of Captain John Read of Woburn in the same County, & proceeded in the same Company to Lake George and that he on the fourth Day of October last being in a low state of Health & not able to do Duty, obtained a dismission from thesd. Senace, under the Hand of Colo. Jonathan Bagley and the Hand of Amos Putnam, Surgeon, to return Home to Chelmsford. Where he arrived on or about the twenty first Day of October last, quite in a weak and low state of Health, after which in about six or seven Days he was taken Sick of a grievous Fever & continued so for a month, & there by was rendered unable to do anything for his Sz his Famil5'''s Support for the space of twelve weeks, and put to the Charge of two Pounds eight Shillings Lawful Money for Doctoring, as b}'- the Account of Doctor Samuel King, charged against him herewith exhibited may appear, and also to the further charge of the Sum of three Pounds twelve Shillings Lawful Mone}' for twelve weeks Nursing of him &ca. as per his account for the same herewith also exhibited may appear. Your Petitioner therefore most humbly prays &c Asa Martin [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 75, p. 595.] £3. was allowed the Petitioner. PROVINCE WARS 183 May 26 1756 [Heading omitted] The Petition of Benja Warren of Chelmsford in the County of Middlesex, Saddler— Humbly sheweth that his servant Isaac Warren did in the month of April Anno Dom 1755 inlist into His Majesty's Ser^ace in the Expedition then carrying on against Crown Point, in a Company under the Command of Captain John Read of Wobura in the same County & proceeded in the same Company to Lake George, and was in the morning of the Eight Day of September last in the Engagement with the French and Indians in the Detachment under the Command of Colo. Williams, & then & there lost his Blanket, which he received as Part of his Bounty — that he on the thirteenth Day of October last being in a low state of Health & not able to do Duty, obtained a furlough to return home till further order under the Hand of Colo. Jonathan Bagley and two Surgeons, and accordingly arrived At Home in Chelmsford the twenty seventh Day of October aforesd. and on or about the Second Day of November last was taken sick of a bad Fevour and Confined to his Bed three weeks, & needed nursing five weeks where by your Petitioner was put to Considerable Cost & Charge for nursing & watchers, vizt. to the charge of the sum of one Pound ten Shillings Lawful Money * * * [He asks for this amount & a blanket] [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 75, p. 603.] £0. 18. 0. allowed. Province of the Massachusetts Bay To His Excellency William Shirley Esq. Governotir of sd. Province and the Honble. Council with the House of Representa- tives. The Petition of David Keyes Humbly Sheweth that his Father Solomon Keyes, Commander of a Company, on the late Crown Point Expedition, in Colo. Ruggles Regiment, who was on the Eighth of Septemr. Killed, on a Scout AA'th Colo. Williams on said day, and was Entirely Stript of Everything And likewise your Petitioners brother Solomon Keyes Jr. had a Mare Imprest from Him, by Major Genl. Johnsons Order to Col Gilbert at Albany for the Use of the Waggoners. Your Petitioner nor His decest brother, not Having any account of Her nor Allowance for said Mare Humbly begs your Honours would tal. Ephm bpauldmg Aaron Chamberlin [ Committee Timothy Clark J 192 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD WARRANT FOR SPECIAL TOWN MEETING. Middlesex S.S. To Andrew Battles one of the Constables of the Town of Chelmsford in the said County of Middlesex ] In his Majesties Name You are hereby Required forth- SEAL !■ with to warn all the freeholders and other Inhabitants [ ] of the Said Town (in your ward) Qualified by Law to Vote in Town Affairs; to Assemble at th Meeting house in Sd. Chelmsford on Monday the first day of September next: at three of the Clock in the afternoon, then and there (if they see cause) to give their Representative Instructions how to act in the General Court with respect to making good the Damages to [those] that ware Sufferers in the late affairs that happened by reason of the Stamp Act; and to act anything in that affair that they shall think proper. 2dly To Give in to the Selectmen of sd Town a true Invoice of the Number of their Rateable Polls, and all their other Rateable Estate in order to make the Town and Province Taxes for the present Year; hereof fail not: and make Return of this warrant with your Doings thereon unto the Town Clerk some time before the time appointed for sd Meeting; Dated at Chelmsford afore- said the twenty fifth day of August in the sixth year of his Majesties Reign. Anno domini, 1766. By order of the Selectmen of Said Chelmsford. Ephraim Spaulding. Town Clerk. On the question whether the Town was willing that the Damages resulting from the tumults that happened by reason of the Stamp Act should be paid out of the public Treasury the vote was in the negative. An article in the warrant for a special Town Meeting in December, 1767, reads To see if the Town will come in with the Proposals of the town of Boston that some prudent and legal measures may be taken to encourage the produce and manu- facturies of this Province and to lessen the use of superfluities, &c. Voted: to encourage the manufacturies of this Province and to discourage the importation of foreign superfluities. 1768 Sept 19 A warrant was issued for a town meeting to choose a person or persons to join with the Committee of Boston & other towns to meet in Faneuil Hall Sept 22. "to consult what measures may be taken for The Real Service of our Gracious Sovereign and the welfare of his Subjects in this Province under the distressing Circumstances of the Present Day. Sampson Stoddard Esq was chosen a Committee man for that Purpos. GRAVESTONE OF THE REV. THOMAS CLARKE \j -^P^IEl ^-- ^ ', ..■ ' .- " pp^^^^ ^; «•{;,.;• Upr ■'■' M liC'^*^'-' Kk^iuJ 1 r .^*., :»%|l Jv • ••- y '**!»! ■ '- ; -■ iBfcr' fVf\ -,■:■• pf 1 V 1 ' s: *v' '- / f i^l'^i ^^; f .Hk lyiMEa^^^^^ »|i^ ■ mm 1 * 1 ^^^^^^^H('.. MA-:- ^^^H A'o. y./ THE STODDARD TOMB OLD SCHOOL HOUSE THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION 193 The "Boston Massacre" occurred in 1770. The "Boston Tea Party" took place in December, 1773, when fifty or sixty men, disguised as Indians, Mohawks, boarded two vessels laden with tea, tore open the hatches, and threw 340 chests overboard, as a protest against the levy of taxes by the British government without the consent of the people. The populace had previously refused to pennit any cargo of tea to be landed, and a number of ships had been obliged to leave port with their cargoes untouched. The British Parliament passed a bill closing the port of Boston until the city should indemnify the owners of the £15,000 worth of tea destroyed, and transferring the seat of government to Salem. The bill became a law on March 31, 1774, and its effect so exasperated the people that Gen. Gage, the British Commander, began to fortify Boston Neck, the only approach to the city by land. A regular siege was maintained by the Americans from July 3, 1775, when Wash- ington took command, to March 17, 1776, when the British evacuated the city and went to Halifax. Some of the Pitts family, members of which afterwards resided in Chelmsford, participated in throwing overboard the tea. James Pitts and his sons John, Samuel and Lendall, were all associated with the Tea Party. Jan. 11, 1773 at a meeting of Freeholders and other Inhabi- tants. In consequence of some papers sent up by the Town of Boston enumerating sundry grievances, and Particularly the stipend annexed to the offices of the Judges of the Superior Court. Voted to Chuse a Committee of five Gentlemen to make Report to the adjournment viz. David Spaulding, Mr Jonathan Williams Austin, Capt. Oliver Barron, Mr Samuel Perham and Mr Benjamin Walker. On Jan. 21, the Committee Reported the following Draft which was uninamously agreed to: We are fully of oppinion, that the Inhabitants of this province are Justly entituled to all the Priviliges of Englishmen, & to all those Rieghts, inseperable from them as members of a free Com- munity. We are also Sensible that Some of those Rights are at present endangered. In such unhappy Circimistances, the only Question that can be made is this, what method is most suitable to obtain a Redress. Whatever Doubts may arise about the perticular mode, this we are clear in, that all Rash, Unmeaning passionate Proceeduers are by no means Justifiable in So Delicate a Crisis, when a Community thinks any of its Rights endangered, they should always weigh Consequences, and be very Cautious least they Run into a Step, that may be attended with the most 194 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD deplorable Effects. The Cause of Liberty, says a very fine Writer, is a Cause of too much Dignity, to be sullied by Turbulance and Timiults. "When the Passions of a People are Inflamed, Reason is too often Silenced, and they soon forgit the Cause they originally iinbarked in. Whereas the Patriot on true principles, always endeavours to Keep those Principles in View, conscious that he is a member of a Community he will endeavour to come up to all the obligations. Resulting therefrom, & to keep every part of it entire. Therefore while he cooly, but firmly pleads his own Right, he will never forget those of his Sovereign; but is always sensible. Loyalty to the prince & a Regard to the Liberties of the Subject are very Consistant things. These are Sentiments we are very full and Clear in, and by them we hope to Regulate our present Conduct. Greevencies we at present Labour under: But we can by no means think the Resolves of a Single Town Can be any Renioveal. We hartily concur with owe Brethren of Boston, that it is high Time, these Greevencies be Redressed; but then we think the general Court who Represent the province is the only Proper body to Preform this Task. The Cause of Liberty never more suffers, then when measures are pursued for its Defence, that can Never answer the end proposed. We are therefore of opinion that we can do nothing. Consistent with that Wisdom which will ever govern a free people. But Prepair the following Instructions to our Representative, which we heartily and unanimously concur in: To Mr. Simeon Spaulding, Representative of the Town of Chelms- ford in the General Court of this Province. "Sir, as the Present aspect of the Times is Dark and Difficult, we Do not Doubt but you will chearfully know the sentiments and receive the assistance of those you Represent. The matters that may now come under you Cognizance are of great Importance. The highest Wisdoin, therefore, Prudence and t)e[s]cresion is evidently necessary-. We would earnestly caution you and yom* own good sense will easily see the propriety of it; by no means to consent to any Rash, Passionate Plan of Action, wliich will not only sully the Dignity, but finally prove the utter Destruc- tion of the cause we pretend to support. We hope those little animosities that involve persons, not things, and which have been too frequently used may be utterly banished, we hope every Determination will founded in the nature of a free State, and that therefore every Privilege annexed to each part may be Religiously Preserved. Of Consequence, you will be Careful not to trample on Majesty, while you are firmly but Decently Pleading the Liberties of the Subject. In fine, wc wish you that wisdom which is from above, and we pray God that your conduct is this Important Crisis may be such as the coolest Reflection will ever after justifie." When the news of the Act closing the port of Boston and transferring the seat of government to Salem was received, "At THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION 195 a very full meeting of the freeholders and other Inhabitants of the town of Chelmsford May 30, 1774, in Consequence of Letters sent to the Committee of Correspondence of this Town by the Committee of Correspondence of the town of Boston, containing matters of as great Importance as ever came before a Town- meeting," a Committee of Correspondence was chosen, consisting of Jonathan Williams Austin, Captain Oliver Barron, Mr. Samuel Perham. David Spaulding, Mr. Benjamin Walker, Deacon Aaron Chamberlin, Captain Moses Parker, Mr. Samuel Stevens, Jr., and Mr. Simeon Spaulding, and the town expressed the following sentiinents : It is the opinion of this Town that the present Day is as Dark and Distressing a Day as this Country ever experienced, perhaps the Liberties of the Land, in no period, from the first Settlement of our Fathers, were ever as endangered as of present, and when we consider the aspect of the times, not only what has actually taken place, but what we are Immediately threatened with, we must think that the Question is, whether we submit to the arbitrary, lawless, tyrannical will of a minister, or by using those Powers given us by the God of nature, and which it were sacrilege to surrender, prevent so awful a Catastrophe; and it is extremely afflicting to us to Consider that, if we are made Slaves, we are so made by a nation whom we ever gloried in as a parant State, whose Honor was Dear to us, and to secure whose reputation the best, the Richest Blood of this Country has been Spilt, and who ever is acquainted with the Annals of America must know that their never was a time when it was not our ambition to expend Life 8c Treasure for the Service of great Britain. And after all this waste of Blood & Treasure we found acts taking Place for the Purpose of Raising a Revenue, the Direct Tendency of which was to entail Slavery on us and our Posterity, we were willing to impute it to any other Cause, than a Direct Intention to enslave. And it has been to the Honour of the several towns of this Province, in their Instructions, and of the House of Representatives in their proceedings, that they have remonstrated & reasoned on the nature. Tendency and unhappy consequences of such acts. But these Remonstrances, these argimients have been totally Disregarded. And as if this was not sufficiently afflicting to vs, the Capital of the Province is actually ruined, by an act of Parliament, which we must say is as Cruel, and Severe an act as ever originated in the Breast of any minister in the worst of times, an Act, that not only ruins that Town, but must in the end prove the Destruction of us all. And when we consider the Temper of the Present minister, his Influence in the Present Parliament, and the Bill he has brought in to alter our civil Government, we justly fear as Compleat a System of Slavery is forming for this Province, as any People unhappily experienced. In this Dangerous and critical Situation, after cool and serious Thought, these are our Sentiments, that the notion of the 196 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Right of the ParHament of great Britain, their taxing this People for the purpose of raising a Revenue is utterly unconstitutional and which we never will concede to. Taxation without Repre- sentation we have no Conception of, and as we suppose it to be productive of absolute Slavery, so we must be Justified in never submitting to it. We have too many Instances in the History of mankind of the unhappy consequences that attend a Contrary Doctrine. When once a people have yielded the Right of granting their own monies, and permitted the King to exercise this power, when and in what manner he pleases, that mom^ent they become Slaves. France was once free, but in Consequence of such Behaviour, their Estates and Lives are at the absolute Disposal of the monarch. The Cortes of Spain had once the same Rights with our parliament. But having allowed the King on a Particular occasion to raise monies without their interposition, they lost their Authority, and the People their freedom. The present act respecting the blocking up the port of Boston, we esteem dangerous and Destructive. If the head of the province is Demolished, we look upon the Consequences in a political sense, as ruinous as in a natural. In both cases the members must suffer with it. And considering the Bills which are now in agita- tion, we are of oppinion, the Present act is Like the Bird of Noah, Sent over the Waters: if it find footing here, every other Evile will certainly follow. "We are not so lost to every generous principle of the human mind as not to sympathize with our Brethren of Boston, who have in a more peculiar sense been struggling in our Common Cause and are now suffering for our Common Liberties; and we think the act so very Severe and Cruel and consider at the same time the principle on which it was sent, so we are Determined to Support with all our power the town of Boston, in Defense of Rights Common to us all. And while we are sensible our Cause is Right, we are Resolved never to submit to the Iron hand of Despotism and oppression. It is with Greef we find the House of Representatives removed from their ancient Seat in Boston. We shall not examine into the particular causes of this proceedure, we hope that as former Houses have Resolutely protested against this Indignity, the present House will not tamely acquiesce in it. We submit this to the wisdom of the House, and have no Doubt they will act worthy the guardians of a free people. One thing further, we think it our Duty to mention in the present Emergency. We are Informed that an address has been prepaired to the late Governer Hutchinson, by Gentlemen in Different Departments on his leaving the province. We are of opinion that an handle may be made of this proceeding by our Enemies, who are numerous and Crafty, as if his adminis- tration had been agreeable and happy to this people. We by no means Intend to Question the uprightness of those Gentlemen's Intention, but as a Town, and as a part of the Community, we THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION 197 are obliged to ssiy that so far from thinking that the late governor was a friend, we cannot but look upon him to have been very- Inimical to the province, and we think the man, who would willingty "abridge english Liberties," would as willingly see the Town of Boston Ruined & the civil polety of the province altered. And we resent the base Treatment which that illustrious defender of american Liberty, Dr. Franklin, has received for Detecting such wicked Designs, but we have the pleasure to be assured he may be reviled, but cannot be disgraced. May he still live to be guardian of our Rights and the scourge to the Enemies of Liberty on both sides the Atlantic. And when he Dies, have a monument of marble erected to his memory. In fine, when we Consider what a melancholy Situation our Public affairs are in; acts of Parliament sent over to enslave, and because Resisted, threatned to be dragooned into obedience, when our Capital is ruined, and the many thousands of her poor, exposed to want and all the Horrors of poverty and misery and our other sea ports, out of a generous principle, Reducing them- selves to the same piteable Circumstances, our Hearts bleed within us. What can be thy policy, O Britain, by this Conduct, Not only our poor, but thousands, of thine own Subjects must suffer with them. Torn from the [ ] by so violent an Effort, Britain must bleed in every Vein. But in such a situation we dont think it sufficient to weep only at the Distresses of our Country; we think our Union is our Life — the contrary is Death. We mean, therefore, to preserve this union Inviolate at all Hazards and we are Determined in a manly, firm, virtuous, and joint way, neither cajoled on the one hand nor Intimidated on the other, to Secure and Defend our liberties, those Liberties purchased for us by our ancestors, at the expense of so much Blood and Treasure, and before they are wrenched from us, to struggle hard, ver}^ hard for them, con- sidering ourselves as the guardians of unborn millions ; and O our God! in the midst of this Struggle we would look up for Thy Direction and assistance; may the Liberties of America still flourish under Thy smiles as they eminently did in the Days of our Fathers. May we look up to the in every step we take, and do thou give us an head to Contrive and an Heart to execute, and grant in the most adverse Situation of our public affairs, we may trust in thee, and may this be the prevailing Sentiments of us all — IN FREEDOM WE'RE BORN AND IN FREEDOM WE'LLDIE. Voted, — That the foregoing Draught (after being Twice Read) be sent to the Committee of Correspondence of the Town of Boston. The Committee allowed an account of their proceedings to be printed in the Boston Gazette before it was sent to the Boston Committee. Today we might attribute this to the activity of 198 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD some enterprising reporter. They took the blame upon them- selves, and indited the following apolog}^ to Boston. In both documents we recognize the hand of Jonathan Williams Austin. To the Committee of Correspondence for the Town of Boston. Gentlemen : As the Representative of the Town of Chelms- ford has received the Votes & Instructions of the said Town, which Votes & Instructions have been committed to the Printers of the Boston Gazette, and not in the first place delivered to you, we take the earliest Opportunity to apologize for such a mode of Conduct. Situated as We are in a Corner of the Earth, which the particular Transactions of the Province seldom reach, We were utterly ignorant that the Votes of each Town, were sent directly to the Committee of Correspondence. But imagining that the Design of these Meetings, was to know the Sentiments of the Province, We were of Opinion that the readiest Way to collect these Sentiments was their Appearance in print. To this, and this only was owing the Conduct of the Committee of this Town, and not to any Disrespect to the worthy Committee of the Town of Boston. On the contrary We entertain the sincerest Affection for You, as Brethren embarked in one comman Cause, and heartily wish the divine Approbation on all your Endeavors. Difference of Sentiment in immaterial Matters will unavoidbly take place. It is impossible it should be otherwise, while human Nature is thus framed. But we hope this will never cause an alienation, while we fully agree in the most essential points. In fine., Gentlemen, as we think you are actuated by the purest Motives, we heartily wish Success to your Undertakings. And while your plan of Action is such, as will evince a true Magnanimity of Soul, a thorough Knowledge of the Constitution, Loyalty to the Prince and Affection to the Rights of the People, We hope almighty God will bless, & prosper You: And that all Manlo to Watertown. * * =!= Came home. My sons whom I saw in yc Army gave me pleasr. for Wm. I am thankful. On the day of the Concord fight some people living on the southerly borders of this Town removed their families to what they deemed a safe distance, carrying with them provisions for an extended absence, in case the British soldiers should overrun this part of the Province. A family of Proctors went over in the vicinity of Virginia meadow and built a place to live in for a time. The news of the repulse of the redcoats encouraged most of these people to return to their homes, and thanksgivings for their unex- pected deliverance were on every tongue; yet some hardly dared whisper opposition to the Mother Country. THE BATTLE OF BUNKER HILL. Chelmsford men took a prominent part in the battle of Bunker Hill on June 17, 1775. It was on the previous day that Captain John Ford volunteered to carr}^ from Cambridge to Bunker Hill a message from General Artemas Ward. It was necessary in accomplishing this to pass within range of the British guns while crossing Charlestown Neck. Realizing his peril, General Ward ordered him to dismount and cross on foot, thus to escape observation. "But he ran the risk, and passed and repassed on horseback. While at Bunker Hill he warned Colonel Prescott that from the movem^ents of the enemy it was evident that they were preparing to attack the Americans upon the hill, and urged the necessity of immediately casting up breastworks and redoubts."* "When the dawn of light revealed to the astonished Britishers the American works on Breed's Hill, Capt. Ford, who was now in command of the Chelmsford company, which consisted of sixty men, was stationed with the army at Cambridge, under Gen. Ward. When the preparations for the battle began, the gallant Captain, who had no taste for inactivity, obtained permission from the General to withdraw his company privately and march directly to the scene of action, to reinforce the troops. They marched across Charlestown Neck, which was being raked by cannon from the British ships, (a tradition given by Deacon Otis Adams is that some wavered and one or two turned back) and were pro- ceeding down Bunker Hill when they were met by Gen. Putnam, who ordered Capt. Ford, with his company, to draw the cannon, which had been deserted by Capt. Callender and left at the foot of the hill, into the line. The Captain at first remonstrated on the •Old Res. Contrib. Vol. IV. 226 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD ground that his company were ignorant of the management of artillery, many having never seen a cannon before, but finally obeyed 'and moved with the cannon and the General himself to the rail fence,' which they reached just before the battle began." It was here that Joseph Spaulding of Ford's Company, being unable to restrain his impetuosity, began the battle by firing the first gun. It was from the hand of General Putnam that he received a blow on the head for it, and the General threatened to cut down with his sword the next offender who dared to risk the waste of another musket charge. It is related that Spaulding always declared that he killed Major Pitcairn, and Farmer's Geneological Register so states. It is thus recorded in the Chelmsford chirrch record. He may have aimed at the Major, who, having been twice wounded, again placed himself at the head of his forces, and fell with four balls in his body. He did not die on the field. Captain Knowlton and the Connecticut troops were also stationed with Colonel Stark and the New Hampshire troops at this part of the defences. The right wing of the British army, under General Howe, was directed against the rail fence for the purpose of turning the flank of the Americans, and cutting off their retreat from the redoubt. As the enemy advanced to the attack, the artillery, manned by a portion of Captain Ford's company opened upon them with great effect, some of the shots being directed by General Putnam himself. The muskets were ordered to reserve their fire until the enemy were within forty yards, and again, until the whites of the enemies' eyes could be seen. It was at this time that Spaulding, and then some others fired, while the enemy paused to destroy the fence which obstructed their advance. When the word was given, the fowling-pieces mowed down their victims with fatal celerity, and the enemy was obliged to retreat, "leaving on the ground," as Colonel Stark related, "where but the day before the mowers had swung the scythe in peace, the dead, as thick as sheep in a fold." When upon the third assault of the enemy the fortunes of the day were reversed, and the Americans were obliged to retreat from the redoubt, the force at the rail fence, where some reinforcements had been received, maintained their ground with great firmness and intrei^idity, and successfully resisted every attempt to turn their flank. This line indeed was nobly defended. The force here did great service, for it saved the main body, who were retreating in disorder from the ( THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION 227 redoubt, from being cut off by the enemy. When it was perceived that the force under Colonel Prescott had left the hill, these brave men gave ground, but with more regularity than could have been expected of troops who had beenno longer under discipline. Captain Ford behaved with great spirit in the engagement. Thirteen men of his company were wounded. Benj. Pierce (afterward Gen. Pierce, and the father of President Pierce) was a member of his company. He afterwards related that when Putnam ordered Ford to man the cannon, the latter "addressed his company in a very animated, patriotic and brave strain, which was characteristic of the man." The men then seized the drag-ropes and drew the cannon to the rail fence. One of these pieces burst after being fired eleven times. The firing continued until all the ammunition was spent. There is a tradition that, when the first man in Ford's Com- pany fell, his comrades, then for the first time under fire, were seized with panic; but thereupon one of Ford's officers began to sing "Old Hundred" in a firm voice, and this so reassured the men that they gave no further sign of panic. It is related that, just as the ammunition of the Americans was exhausted and orders were given to retreat, a British officer mounted the breastworks, and with a flourish of his sword, exclaimed, "Now, my boys, we have you." Hearing this. Captain Colburn, of Dracut, picked up a stone, about the size of a hen's egg, and, throwing it with all his might, hit the officer in the forehead, knocking him down back- wards. The Captain and his men then hastily retreated with the rest of the American forces. From a letter of Benjamin Pierce of Ford's Company, later of Hillsborough, N. H.: "I went onto the Hill about 11 o'clock, A. M. When I arrived at the summit of Bunker's Hill I saw two pieces of cannon there standing, with two or three soldiers by them, who observed they belonged to Capt. Callender's Company, and that the Captain and his officers were cowards and had run away. Gen. Putnam there sat upon a horse * * *" and "requested our company, which was commanded by Capt Ford, of Chelms- ford, Mass., to take these pieces and draw them down. Our men utterly refused, and said they had no knowledge of the use of artillery, and they were ready to fight with their own arms. Capt. Ford then addressed his company in a very animated, patriotic and brave strain, which is characteristic of the man. The company then seized the drag-ropes and drew them to the rail fence about half the distance from the redoubt on Breed's Hill to Mystic River." 228 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD To Major Henry Dearborn. [Boston Patriot and Daily Chronicle, June 13, 1818.] Sworn Statement of Alexander Davidson [from the Columbian Sentinel, July 22, 1818.] Alexander Davidson, of Edgecomb, [given as from Tewkes- bury] in the district of Maine, who was a private in Capt. Ford's company, confirms what Gen. Pierce of New Hampshire states as to Putnam's ordering down the Cannon; but recollects what Pierce seemed to forget that Putnam accompanied them in person and saw to the placing of them, and until they commenced firing the pieces. I well recollect an expression he used at the second fire of one of the pieces ; it was loaded with canister, and seemed to make a lane through them. After firing eleven times, the piece near me split. What time Putnam left our company I cannot say, but he was with us at the rail fence, when the battle begun, animating the men and telling us not to fear. Capt. Callender afterwards fully established his character as a brave man and received the approval of Washington. Benjamin Pierce (born December 25, 1757), was 18 years old at the time of the Concord fight. He was in the service of his uncle, as his father was dead. After the fight he went to Cambridge by night and enlisted in Captain Ford's company of Colonel Bridge's regiment, and, after Bunker Hill, during the rest of the war was in Colonel Brook's regiment, and took part in many hard fought battles, especially those preceding the surrender of Burgoyne in 1777. At the close of the war he was Captain and had a noble record for bravery. He was afterwards promoted to the office of Brigadier General. In 1786 he went to Hillsborough, N. H., where he had fifty acres of wild land, which he cleared, living alone in a log hut. He became Governor of New Hampshire, and was the father of General Franklin Pierce, President of the United States. He died April 1, 1839, aged 81, In one of the battles, when the bearer of the colors was shot, young Pierce seized the colors and bore them to the front during the conflict. He remained in the army until the last troops were disbanded at West Point in February, 1784. He passed through various grades of a common soldier, corporal, sergeant, ensign and lieutenant, leaving the army in command of a company, and with the reputation of a brave soldier. He returned to Chelmsford after an absence of almost nine years. He lived where Orlando Blodgett's stable now stands, at the comer of Chelmsford and Midland streets. [Old Residents' Contributions, Vol. III.] COLONEL EBENEZER BRIDGE. "Ebenezer Bridge's regiment was commissioned May 27. Moses Parker was lieutenant-colonel; John Brooks, major; Joseph Fox, adjutant; John Bridge, quartermaster. A return, dated June 23. gives but nine companies belonging to it. Though the THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION 229 whole regiment was ordered to parade on the 16th of June, yet, it is stated that three of its companies did not go on under Colonel Prescott. Ford's company reached the field just before the action began; and a portion of this regiment,- — two companies, — under Major Brooks, were on the way to the hill when the Americans were retreating. Colonel Bridge, though wounded on the head and in the neck by a sword cut, and though he was one of the last to retreat, did not escape the scouting that took place in relation to the battle. It was charged against him that he kept too cautiously covered in the redoubt. He was tried, and acquitted on the ground of indisposition of body. Colonel Bridge was the son of the Rev. Ebenezer Bridge of this Town, and was born here April 23, 1744. He graduated from Harvard at the age of twenty. He taught school for more than a year at Worcester, and became a dealer in "East and West India goods" at Billerica. In 1775 he was chosen Colonel of the 27th Regiment of Minute-men. During the war he was chosen Registrar of Deeds of Middlesex County. From 1781 to 1800 he was Senator in this state. From 1783 to 1808 he was the County Treasurer. In these positions of trust he served honor- ably. His death is recorded in the Chelmsford Church Records, February 22, 1814, at "Cassenobia," N. Y. Chelmsford claims him, although he was living in Billerica at the beginning of the Revolution. His record in the Revolution is given as follows; Bridge, Ebenezer, Billerica. Colonel, Middlesex Co. regt. of Minute-men; Marched April 19, 1775; service, 4 days; roll dated Cambridge; also, list of officers dated Cambridge, May 16, 1775; reported field officer for the day. May 17, 1775; also, list of officers dated May 21, 1775; reported officer of main guard. May 22, 1775; also, list of officers dated Cambridge May 30, 1775; reported field officer for May 30 and May 31, 1775; also order for cartridge boxes dated Cambridge, June 24, 1775; also list of officers commanding regiments, dated Headquarters, Cambridge, July 22, 1775; brigade under command of its senior officer forming part of reserve corps under Maj. Gen. Putnam for defense of ports north of Roxbury; also, pay roll for service from date of engagement, April 24, 1775 to Aug. 1, 1775, 3 mos. 15 days; also, certificate dated Cambridge, Nov. 30, 1775; signed by said Bridge as Colonel of the 27th regt., certifying to the loss of articles at the battle of Bunker Hill, June 17, 1775, also, list of officers who delivered firelocks Feb. 17, 1776. LIEUTENANT COLONEL MOSES PARKER. Lieutenant Colonel Moses Parker was born May 13, 1731, the son of Joseph, bom March 25, 1693-4, the son of Moses, born about the year 1658, the son of Abraham, who died August 12, 1685. He was a skillful and brave veteran of the French wars, and behaved with great gallantry at Bunker Hill. A ball fractured his thigh and he was left in the redoubt. The British carried him 230 HISTOR Y OF CHELMSFORD a prisoner to Boston, and lodged him in jail, where after the amputation of his leg, he died on the 4th of July, aged forty-three. He was a good officer, much beloved by his regiment, and his loss was severely felt. An obituary notice of him — in the New England Chronicle, July 21, 1775 — says: "In him fortitude, prudence, himianity, and compassion, all conspired to heighten the lustre of his military virtues;" and it states that "through the several com- missions to which his merit entitled him, he had always the pleasure to find that be possessed the esteem and respect of his soldiers, and the applause of his countrymen." The notice concludes in the following strain: "God grant each individual that now is, or may be, engaged in the American army, an equal magnitude of soul; so shall their names, unsullied, be transmitted in the latest catalogue of fame; and if any vestiges of liberty shall remain, their praises shall be rehearsed through the earth 'till the sickle of Time shall crop the creation.' " Lieut. Col. Moses Parker was remarkable for his bravery and life-long love of military pursuits. From his lieutenancy in Capt. Jonathan Butterfield's company in the French and Indian war, he was in 1759 promoted to a captaincy and was at Fort Frederick the following year. In 1761 Colonels Thwing and Arbuthnot protested they would not make the campaign without this dauntless and skillful officer. Allen quotes a letter of Oliver Fletcher, Esq., to the effect that these colonels said "They would not go without him, that he was the only Captain they had insisted upon" among thirty captains the Governor was selecting from a multitude of applicants. So great was his popularity that his friends assured him that if he would accept a Captainship " fifty men might be immediately raised to serve under him." He was endeared to those under him, says Allen, by his assiduous attention to their wants and constant endeavors to render their situation as pleasant as circumstances would permit. He had won dis- tinguished praise for valor at the siege of Fort Frontenac. Colonel Parker lived at what has been known as the Driscoll place on the Middlesex turnpike, about one hundred and fifty rods south of where it crosses River Meadow brook. In Trumbull's painting, "The Battle of Bunker Hill," Colonel Parker is represented as seated on the extreme left of the canvas, after being wounded. MOSES Parker's commission. The Congress of the Colony of the Massachusetts — Bay To Moses Parker Esq Lt. Colo. Greeting. We, reposing especial trust and Confidence in your Courage and good Conduct, Do, by these presents, constitute and appoint you the said Moses Parker Esq to be Lt. Colo, of the Foot Regi- THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION 231 ment in the Regiment of Foot whereof Ebenezer Bridge Esq is Colo raised by the Congress aforeasid for the Defence of said Colony. You are therefore, carefully and diligently to discharge the duty of a Leiut Colo, in leading, ordering and exercising the said Regiment in Arms, both inferior Officers and Soldiers, and to keep them in good Order and Discipline; and they are hereby commanded to obey you as their Leiut. Colo, and you are yourself to observe and follow such Orders and Instructions as you shall, from Time to Time, receive from the General and Commander in Chief of the Forces raised in the Colony aforesaid, for the Defence of the same, or any other your superior Officers, according to military Rules and Discipline in War, in Pursuance of the Trust reposed in you. By Order of the Congress, Joseph Warren President P. T. Dated the 19th of May, A. D., 1775. Saml. Freeman Secretary P. T. [Original in the possession of Mrs. Mary A. Hatch.] "Captain Benjamin Walker led the second Chelmsford company of about fifty resolute men, sixteen of whom were from Chelmsford, into Charlestown before the battle commenced, to fire from the cover of buildings and fences, and thus to annoy the enemy's left flank. They did great execution and then abandoned their dangerous position to attack the right flank on Mystic river. Here the captain was wounded. It was probal^ly when the Americans began their retreat from Bunker Hill that Captain Ford found Captain Walker lying wounded on the field and took him upon his shoulder and carried him about forty rods to save him from capture by the British. Captain Walker, however, pursuaded his friend to drop him and save himself. The unfortunate man was carried to Boston and lodged in the jail with Lieutenant-Colonel Parker. His leg was amputated and, after several weeks of suffering and neglect, he died of sickness near the close of the month of August, 1775. THE FIRST SHOT. Joseph Spaulding, who fired the first gun at Bunker Hill, was born April 18, 1756, the son of Robert and Hesediah (Johnson) Spaulding. Lt. Robert was the son of Lt. John, a member of Capt. Robert Richardson's snow-shoe company in Lovewell's war. His brother Joseph, born 1728, died in the army in 1756. Lt. John was the son of Jospeh, son of John, son of Edward, one of the first settlers of Chelmsford. 232 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD The inscription on his tombstone reads: "Sacred to the memory of MR. JOSEPH SPALDING who died July 31 1820 Aet. 64. in hope of eternal life which God who cannot lie hath promised to believers in Christ. "He was among the brave asserters and defenders of the liberties of his country at Bunker Hill, where he opened the battle by firing upon the enemy before orders were given: &, after enjoying for many years the blessings of civil & religious liberty in common with others "He 'sunk to rest With all his countrys honor's blest.' " He is reported to have said, "I fired ahead of time, and Putnam rushed up and struck at me for violating orders. I suppose I deserved it, but I was anxious to get another good shot at Gage's men ever since our affair at Concord. The blow from "Old Put" hit me on the head, made a hole in my hat, and left this scar." ["Beside Old Hearthstones."] AN ACCOUNT OF WHAT things was Lost in Capt. Ford's Company belonging to Col Bridges Ridgmt in Bunker Hill Fight, June 17 Francis Davisson 1 Gun boyonet Cartridge Box 3. 0. 1 Beaver hat 12/ a good Waistcoat 12 1. 4. Daniel Keyes 1 Gun William Chambers 1 Gun William Campbell 1 Gun Jonas Spaulding 1 Stout body Coat £11. 9. [Endorsed] Cambridge March 18. 1776 These may certify the within named men ware in My Company in Col Bridges Ridgtm: and that they Lost the within mentioned in the action at Bunkers Hill June 17 A D 1775. John Ford Capt. In the House of Representatives Watertown June 24 1776 Resolved that there be paid out of the Publick Treasurey of this Colony to the persons within named the several sums hereafter named, viz. to Francis Davisson Three pounds eighteen shillings: to Daniel Keys one pound Eighteen Shillings; to William Cham- bers one pound eighteen shillings: to William Campbell one pound thirteen shillings and to Jonas Spaulding one pound in full of the within account by them Exhibited. Sent up for Concurrence Timo Danielson Sec. p. Tem. [Massachusetts Archives. Vol. 70, p. 114.] £4. 4. £2. 2. 2. 2. 1. 16. 1. 5. THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION 233 At Bunker Hill the British loss, as officially reported, was 35 officers and 191 soldiers killed, 122 officers and 706 soldiers wounded. These belonged to the artillery, to the marines, and to the various regiments of foot. The American loss is difficult to be ascertained, as so little organization had been effected at that time. Frothingham estimates it at 140 killed, 271 wounded and 30 captured. A special messenger by way of Billerica brought the news of the battle to Chelmsford the same evening. It caused great excite- ment and anxiety because of the uncertainty as to the fate of the Chehnsford men who participated in it. The alarm guns were fired, and before morning several of the wounded returned. Letter of Colonel Moses Parker to his wife. Boston 22d. June 1775. My Dear After tendering you my most Affectionate regard — I would inform you that in the unhappy Engagement on the 17 instant, I was badly wounded in one of my thighs. The bone of which is broke, but am as well treated as I can desire and attended with great care and tenderness by Doc Whitworth, as are the rest of the prisoners. — Must desire you would procure some Linnen, Stockings, and other Clothing, with some money if possible, and direct that they be left for the care of Major MuncrieJ at the Lines on Boston Neck; must entreat you to do it as soon as you can — remain your loving husband Mosesparker ; Mrs Sarahparker [In the possession of Mrs. Mary A. Hatch.] The following letter was sent to the families of the wounded men who signed it in Boston Prison. Boston Prison, July 3, 1775. Lieutenant CoUonel Parker & Captain Walker acquaint their Friends that they are well & sufficiently supply'd with all Necessaries but fresh Provision, which they need daily, in their present Condition, and which Major Moncrief has kindly promised to convey upon Receipt Moses Parker Benjamin Walker. It is written in an excellent hand, but the signatures give evidence of physical weakness caused by suffering. These men were by no means "well." Colonel Parker died the day after the date of the letter, and Captain Walker on August 15. 234 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD The faithful wives of these brave and sxiffering prisoners, in response to these requests, walked to Boston, carrying what they could of food and dainties and other things for their comfort, but were denied the privilege of seeing them, and so were obliged to retrace their weary steps with heavy hearts. "The British authorities took their packages, but heartlessly refused them the privilege of seeing their husbands" "who were dying in prison for want of the very care which they had plead in vain for the privilege to bestow." [Testimony of a son of Captain Walker to Mrs. E. H. Warren.] The patriotism and enthusiasm of the time moved some home-spun bards to express their feelings in moralizing rhymes. The following verses, beginning in the style of the Irish "Come all ye"s, are from a specimen of this kind of poetry, whose author is unknown. The paper on which it is written bears the name of Samuel Richardson, and now belongs to Edward Richardson. There are twenty- two verses. Isth Come all who have skill and Lament and let your hearts and eys have vent While you to memory do call The Valiant Colonel Parkers fall 2th He bravely did with courage go To Charlestown fight to meet his foe And in his place was Valient found And with great boldness kept his ground 3sth But fighting for his Countries good Whar danger roled like a flood A Wound received in his thigh Of which in Boston he did die 11th His officers and soldiers all Who moiun their Valiant Leaders fall May God inquire [inspire] with courage still And giv Submission to his will 12th May Gods protection them Surround And all their bloody foes confound May they possess the gates of those That Do our city now inclose 13th God Sanctify this Loss to all Who saw this noble Hero fall And while his courage they relate May they his virtue emitate THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION 235 OPINION OF SECRETARY KNOX. The opinion of Henry Knox, Secretary of War, 1793, to whom was referred the following petition of Sarah Parker, widow of the late Col. Moses Parker, who was wounded and taken prisoner by the British troops in the action of Bunker Hill, on the 17th of June, 1775, and who afterwards died of his wounds in Boston in the month of July following. That she was left with a large family of young children, and has to encounter many difficulties in supporting and bringing them up. That she has not received the relief provided by the resolution of Congress for the widows and children of officers who died in the service since the month of August, 1775. That she does not apprehend it was the intention of Congress to make any distinction between the widows and children of officers who died in the service, on account of the time when they died. She therefore prays that the benefit of said resolution of Congress may be extended to her and her children. Secretary Knox's opinion was that: It may, by rigid prin- ciples, be questioned whether the regiments in action on that day prior to May 15, 1778 were in Continental service, and therefore, whether by any rule of Construction, the officer then Killed could be considered "as officers commissioned by Congress." But if this was a doubt on the 17th of June, it was not so on the 27th of June, the day General Washington arrived in Cambridge, and assumed the command of the Army, and issued such orders as denominated and to all intents and purposes made it a Conti- nental army, and the officers were commissioned accordingly, "and should it be judged proper to extend the provision to any prior to the said 15th of May 1778, it would seem inciimbent on the character of the Nation to provide for the widows of those gallant men who nobly sacrificed their lives, by which they eminently contributed to establish the cause and reputation of their Country" [Taken from "Pay & Bounty Revolutionary Army," Washington, D. C, 1838.] Note : It will be noticed that Secretary Knox gives June 27, 1775, as the date Washington arrived in Cambridge, whereas Lossing gives July 3, 1775, as the date he took command of the army. EXTRACTS FROM BRIDGE'S DIARY. 1775 June 17. A terrible day this ! in relation to our Army — in Battle with our oppressors at Charlestown. The whole Town on fire ! The armies engaged on Bunker Hill — at night we saw ye fire at [from] Chelmsford — an Express came fm Billerica, & an Alarm was fired here in ye eveng. — before morng. arrived at Barron's, 236 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Francis Davidson & Benjamin Haywood of this Town both wounded in ye fight & brot news of ye Slaughter of diverse of our pple this way, tho' of only Capt. Walker of this Town, &c. 18. Lord's Day — We assembled & held ye Pub. wor: Tho* but a few in number And thro' divine goodness were in as quiet a State at home, as could be expected. The Armies at Charlestown being Still engaged and News flying with respect to the Slain & wounded &c. I preached all day fm. Hab. 3. 2. old serms. without y. application. Read A. M. II Chron. 35. half ye Chap. After meeting P. M. heard fm. y Army particularly of my Son ye Colo, in ye Battle. I & my wife extremely distressed on his accot. not expecting to hear of his being living — But by & by heard That he was living but badly wounded. & yt. he was on his way home — I sent off my horse & chaise to meet him — but y Messenger had not gone far before he met with some of our men returning who could give ye best information of him & others. So he returned — & Benja. Butterfield, & afterward Deacon Chamberlain visited me — and assiired me yt. yy. Saw my Son at Camb. — & Tho' he was terribly wounded & bruised, yet his wounds were deemed not mortal. That he was so well as to mount on horse back this A. M. to Visit ye Generals, and that his wounds had been dressed. O this tho' bad was greatly to our Comfort. Blessed be the Lord. My Son Jno. well — he was not in battle. My Son Wm. well, he went off last night in ye alarm. All there. The Lord preserve em fm. sin and all evil. They, ye one, or ye other, or both, gave an accot. of ye Death of Capt. Walker of this Town. Killed at once. Of Col. Parker (My Son's Lieut. Colo.) his being wounded and left in ye hands of our Enemies, but not certain of his being Killed, & of Doctr., now General Warren's being Killed, & of many others I know not. This is a day big with distress & trouble. The Lord suffers it to be so, yt. our Enemies are yy. who were our brethren — Of ye same Nation, & Subjects of ye Same King. And all for y sake of y. Vengeance of a Wicked & Corrupt Ministry a deluded- — a Devilish Venal parliamt. — O, ye Judgmts. of the Lord are a great deep — The Lord is known by ye Judgments wch. he execute th. Amen. 19th. I visited Capt. Walker's widow & mother, on occasion of his Death — My Son Wm. retiu-ned fm. Camb. and brot. me Word yt. his brotlir. ye Colo, was THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION 237 better & yt. Jno. went a plundering at Charlestown yesterday — & was not very well last night & this Momg. Continual news Varying greatly fm y army. &c. Our Militia returned. O tis a day of sore distress — 20 I visited Wido. Parker & her daughter ye wife of Col. Moses Parker, wounded, Missing, & supposed to be Slain in ye late battle. & discours'd & prayd wth em. 26. O, This is an unsettled day & time. I am glad when I can seize a moment for any duty. 27 Visited Mrs Walker, wife of Capt. Walker, To rejoice with her, on her receiving ye news of her husband's being alive — Tho' wounded & in Captivity in Boston. Also Doctr. Abbot to rejoice with em on accot. of y news yy. have also received of Colo. Moses Parker their brothr. his being alive, tho' Wounded & in Captivity in Boston. July 1. Capt. Symmes & his family went off for Littleton to take up their abode there. 1776 June 25. Mr Dimkinson, a young Gentleman fm. Scotland Captivated by our forces a year ago & who has resided at Concord, dined with me in his way with 7 or 8 highland officers lately captivated, to Dunstable where yy. are to remain prisoners. A Lieut. Christie also Visited me after dinr. A number of highland soldiers are brot. in among us as prisoners, and a numbr. sent off this momg. to Dunstable 30. Lord's Day — After ye Blessing read a Resolve of y Genl. Court relating to y raising men To go to Canada. And at y desire of Colo. Spaulding Notified y pple on y Alarm & training lists to appear tomorrow wth arms &c at one of y Clock & gave a Short Word of Exhortation to em upon y affair. July 2. Much worried about y times. 3. The town again in confusion. Companies mett to draw out men for Canada. 5. More hurry abot. raising soldiers. 15. Capt. Andw Symmes of Boston, Colo. Conant & Mr. Samll Fletcher came from Billerica to see us P. M. 22. Two of y British officers, prisoners at Dunstable Visited me. P. M. 23. Capt Ford & his Company marched off, in ordr. to Join our Northern Army. At his desire I went into ye meeting house, previous to their Marching. Sung part 18th psalm, fm. 32 ver. to end 38 — prayed with em & gave em a word of exhortation 238 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD * * * Part of Two other Companies, Soldiers on their march, on ye same rout fm. lower Towns, came into Town toward night & lodged in Town. 25 Much ComDy & much confusion by reason of Soldiers passing &c. 26 Early in ye morning I prayed in the meeting house with Capts Toy & Bancroft of Woburn & Reading & their respective companies upon their march to Join our Northern Army. 30. Rev. Mr. Hitchcock of Beverly, going as a chaplain to ye Northern Army gave me a Visit A. M. Aug 1 Fast Day thro ye Massachusetts Bay. Sept. 1. After service P. M. Read y declaration of independence of ye United States of America in y pub. congre- gation, agreeable to y order of y. council of this State. And when I had done, added Zion heard and was glad and y Daughters of Juda rejoiced because of yy. ludgments, Lord. 19. (David Spaulding receivs news of death of son David in army at Ticonderoga of Small Pox on Aug 27 or 28 24 (Visited Willard Byam & Jonas Dutton both sick home from ye army.) 30. (prayed in Meeting house with Compy. of Soldiers going to N. Y. under Capt Wright of Westford) 1777 Oct. 23 This morng. Assurtained of ye news of Genl. Burgoine's surrendering himself & Army to Gen Gates &c &c Blessed be ye Lord. [On the day that the news of Burgoyne's surrender reached Boston, Joseph Warren, who in turn, with a few other citizens, went on horseback once in two weeks to that city for the mail, brought a paper containing the news to "Parson Bridge." On reaching home, Mr. Warren called his son Joseph, then a lad of nine or ten years, to make haste and carry the paper to the Parson. This he did, and on being shown into his room, passed the paper to Mr. Bridge, who, uDon reading the ]oytvl news, jumped and capered about in a manner sur- prising to the boy. The happy Parson rewarded the boy with a pistareen.] [Related by E. H. Warren.] 26 My son y Colo, came * * * f^, Cambridge. 1777 Oct (Some time back the price of a cask wine for Communion was £8 lawful money. Now a cask of y same bulk costs £50.) Nov 5 (Wm. Foster lately reed news of his son Noah's death killed in battle. & of Ebenezer Foster [of Westford] who died of sickness in ye Army.) 11 Jacob Howard's son Willard \ sick lately returned from & Saml. Howard's son Ben. / Army. THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION 239 12 Flying news of Washington's taking Howe, &c. 20 (Thanksgiving Day) Dec 7 Informed y. Congregation of y Continental Thanks- giving to be on next Thursday se'nnight. He preached from H Chron. 20. 20 latter part. 11 visited Leiut Isaac Warren lately returned from ye Army. 23 Received a valuable present of a new gown both inside & outside, from a number of the good women of the parish, also a sum of money and several quantities of wool & flax. 29. [A Committee of ye Town brought him £36.8.0 lawful money; others gave grain.] 1778 Jan 3 Mr Guild tutor of Havd Coll & Mrs Sally Bradstreet dined with us. 5. (Capt. Hastings from y Eastward visited him) Capt. Minot's wife fell in ^'■e fire in a fit Lieut. Benj. Fletcher, Lieut. Harwood, Liut Blodget, Col Eleazer Tyng, Liut. Jno. Spaulding, Col. Symmes, Col. Conant. & Capt Fox, called. Dr. Hastings ret'd from ye Army. Nov 16 Town voted £400 addition to his salary (lawful money) . Dec 27 So cold that only 6 or 8 persons came to meeting. 1779 Dec. 6. £1000 added to salary Road laid out by ye Town between ye ministry & ye land of Mr Fisk i. e. ye road south of ye ministry. 1780 Jan 7 Yet stormy, windy, cold & blocked up I think more than I ever saw it. 9 Lord's day but a handful of pple attended ye pub. wor. & those came on snow shoes except about }4 Doz. in ye neighborhood. 14 much drifted. No traveling. Shut up. No news this fortnight. &c May 15 I attended town meeting for ye Consideration of ye form of Government drawn up by ye Convention for ye State. 1781 July 7 Doctor Hastings & wife & child moved to young widow Stoddard's to live there. [Dr. Hastings' mother — Elizabeth, daughter of Rev. Jno. Cotton of Newton, was a life long friend of Mr. Bridge.] Aug 17 Reed visit from Mr Waters a young preacher Oct 6 We have a great deal good news from ye forces at ye Southward both by sea & land. 1782 April 1 I went to Town Meeting p m & voted for Govem'r. 4. Lords day I began reading in public — after the winter 16. Col Bromfield of Harvard dined with us. 25. Fast day thro all ye States. 28. Rev. Mr Ripley visited me. 240 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD May 21 Col Baldwin, high Sheriff, Visited & breakfasted with us, going to Groton Court. This eveng died Col. Eleazer Tyng, aged 93. 24 His funeral. "I made ye prayer" & was a p bearer. 25 Had a talk with ye wife of oliver adams a Shaking Quaker. She is a poor deluded visionary. En- thusiastic, high-tempered, self-willed creature, and is tended to no good purpose. [For an account of things lost by Chelmsford men at Bunker Hill and recompense therefor, refer to pages 232 and 844.] [The soldiers of the Seventy-First Regiment of Foot, Highlanders, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Archibald Campbell, were taken prisoners at the capture of the transport-ship George in Boston harbor, in June, 1776. See pages 223 and 237.] The following receipt was found among the Town papers. "Bunker Hill Monument Association. Received of Capt. Caleb Abbot $369, being the amount subscribed in the town of Chelmsford towards the erection of a moniunent on Bunker Hill. Nathl. P. Russell, Treasurer. Boston, April 8, 1825." Roll of Chelmsford Minute Men who participated in the Centennial Celebration of the Battle of Bunker Hill, June 17, 1875. H. S. Perham, Capt. J. A. Bartlett, Lieut. J. C. Hobbs, Ensign Rev. E. Fitz Gerald, Sergt. Geo. Spalding, Sergt. Robt. Fletcher, Sergt. Chas. Christy, Sergt. A. G. Green, Corp. N. P. Dadmun, Corp. E. B. Kittredge, Corp. Milo J. Proctor, Corp. Herbert H. Emerson A. C. Thissell C. Proctor Henry B. Hunt A. W. Allen G. W. Butterfield E. R. Marshall E. H. Warren E. Crosby Otis Adams, Jr. Geo. P. Mansfield Luther C. Upham Geo. E. Hall Levi Lamphere L L. Putnam Jas. H. Hazen A Lowell paper of the day gave the following, apparently from the pen of H. S. Perham, as to the plans of the above company. Saml. Hagerman Thos. Borden Asa H. Webber E. G. Nicless O. N. Thissell C. E. Parkhurst Isaac Button C. A. Parker C. H. Hall W. Whitfield Geo. F. Reed J. H. McFarhn J. H. WiUis John H. Lane R. Wilson Dix Henry Martin Frank Kelley C. D. Ticknor Timothy Adams W. E. Stone A. H. Park H. F. Ebert John Larey F. Sweetser Pearson, Drummer Willie Adams, Fifer THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION 241 The company will wear the continental costume. They will carry old flint lock muskets, and powder horns. The sword that was carried by Capt. Ford — who commanded the Chelmsford men at the battle of Bunker Hill — will be carried by the captain. Several of the guns and powder honis were also used at the battle. The Chelmsford Monimient Association will aid in furnishing the banner for the occasion. Sergeant Geo. Spalding — grandson of Joseph Spalding — will carry the banner. A sword that was captured from the British at Ticonderoga, and brought home from there by a Chelmsford soldier, Samuel Parkhurst, father of the late Rev. John Parkhurst, will also be carried. The officers of the Boston & Lowell railroad, have tendered to the company the use of a hall in their passenger depot in Boston, where the company will partake of a collation after the procession is dismissed. The Cambridge Cadets will escort the company to their place in the procession. Frank Leslie's of July 3, 1875 contains a double page illus- tration of the Lexington and Chelmsford Minute Men passing up Columbus Avenue, Boston, on the day of the celebration. Co. F, Unattached Cavalry, of Chelmsford, was assigned a place in the procession. The significance of the battle of Bunker Hill is not, however, to be gauged by the losses on either side, heavy as they were in proportion to the numbers engaged, nor by its purely military results, but by the moral effect which it produced; and when it is considered from this standpoint its far-reaching consequences can hardly be over-estimated. "It roused at once the fierce instinct of combat in America * * * ^ and dispelled * * * the almost superstitious belief in the impossibility of encountering regular troops with hastily levied volunteers. * * * Nq one questioned the conspicuous gallantry with which the provincial troops had supported a long fire from the ships and awaited the charge of the enemy, and British soldiers had been twice driven back in disorder before their fire." The pride which Americans naturally felt in such an achievement, and the self-confidence which it inspired, were increased when they learnt that the small force on Bunker Hill had not been properly reinforced, and that their ammunition was running short before they were dislodged from their position. [Encyclopaedia Britannica.] The British soldiers fired without taking aim, and charged that the Americans were murderous because they took aim and fired from the shoulder. COLONEL SIMEON SPAULDING. Colonel Simeon Spaulding was born August 4, 1713, the son of Joseph (born September 22, 1673) and Elizabeth Colburn Spaulding who were married April 10, 1700. Joseph was the son of John and Hannah Hall (or Hale) Spaulding who were married May 18, 1658. John, born about 1633, was the son of Edward, died February 26, 1669-70. He was of Braintree, where his wife, 242 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Margaret, died in 1640. He had sons, John; Edward, Repre- sentative in 1691; Benjamin; Joseph; Andrew, deacon in the Church at Chebnsford, born 1653, died 1713; and two daughters, Grace and Dinah. Colonel Spaulding married Sarah Fletcher; 2d, Mrs. Abigail (Johnson) Willson, daughter of Edward Johnson. He was the Town's agent for dehvering contributions in the Revolution. On the farm he was succeeded by his son Deacon Noah, whose daughter Julia Ann married Dr. John C. Dalton. She was a woman of great force of character. Colonel Spaulding was Town Treasurer and Selectman; Colonial Representative from 1771 to 1775; in the Provincial Con- gress, 1775 to 1778; Chairman of the Committee of Safety, 1776; Commissioner to adjust War Act., 1778; Delegate to form the new Constitution, 1779. He died, April 7, 1785. By his first wife he had five children, and nine by his second. His record in the Revolution is given as follows : Spaulding, Simeon. 1st Lieutenant Colonel, Col. David Green's (2d Middlesex Co.) regt., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 6 days; reported returned home; also official record of a ballot by the House of Representatives, dated Feb. 7, 1776; said Spaulding chosen Colonel, 7th Middlesex Co. regt. of Mass. Militia; appointment concurred in by Council Feb. 8, 1776; reported commissioned Feb. 8, 1776; also, .list of officers chosen in 4th Co. (North Co. in Chelmsford), as returned by said Spaulding, field officer and moderator, dated Chelmsford, July 5, 1776; also. Colonel; list of members of committees appointed to raise men for New York and Canada, showing number of commissions delivered them; said Spaulding reported as belonging to committee for Middlesex Co.; also, resignation dated Chelms- ford, March 9, 1778, signed by said Spaulding, resigning his commission as Colonel of 7th Middlesex Co., regt. of Mass. Militia on account of advanced age; resignation accepted in Council March 11, 1778. See also later record in Chapter V. An account of Colonel Bridge has already been given. A MUSTER ROLL OF THE FIELD & STAFF OFFICERS BELONGING TO COLO. BRIDGE'S REGIMT. OF MINUTE MEN. Officers' Names Towns they ^^ Jime of Time in Ainount of belong to i«.»"«». Marching Service Wages Ebenr Bridge Moses Parker John Brooks Joseph Fox Walter Hastings Billerica Chelmsford Reading Billerica Chelmsford Colonel Lt. Colo. Major Adjutt. Surgeon April 19th April 19th 19th 19th 19th 4 Days 4 Days 4 Days 4 Days 4 Days £1. 1. 1. 1. 14. 7. 2. 10. 1. 4 5 10 4 5 Errors Excepted. Cambridge Dec . 20th. 1775. Ebenr Br; idge Col. £4. 14. 11 Min. Men. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 26, p. 35.] On the original a pen has been drawn across the name of Walter Hastings and all on that line, which explains the footing. THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION 243 « a CQ o H I-H 2; ifi a 00 — 5 J) 0) O O (9 O 03 O. 1^2 O OS »-i ■* O CO T}< 1—1 O O 5D O Tt< (N CO C^* CO 00 oi O CO co' TfH . CO CO CO I— I C^l ,— I T-H (M (N -g -g -C jC x' J3 ;* -* Tf< •^ •^ -51 ti IM C^ C^ (N (M (N ^ < S g o u t;± o 'S O 4J 'S ^ C 3 O T3 "O TJ rtn J^ QJ "73 J^ ^ "5 C rt § o-o « 2 g S C i^dii c ^ 0-5 <2-c rtj= <^ o U CQ i-H OJ J3 E U s c ll 00-5 c-n 3 •" H Oh' >. -w U V CO a Q .o 3 >^ = ^' >- ci3 («.y i2 E ^"^ " > IS 3 to 244 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD CAPTAIN OLIVER BARRON. Captain Oliver Barron was born January 7, 1733, son of Lt. Jonathan, bom June 28, 1698, and Rebecca Prescott BaiTon. Jonathan was the son of Moses, Jr., who was born October 28, 1669, and Mary Bunker (Richardson) Barron. Moses, Sr., bom 1643, married Mary Learned, and was the son of Ellis or Eliseus of Watertown, freeman in 1641, married Grace . Captain Barron married Abigail Proctor July 30, 1755. He died November 11, 1809. She died September 10, 1820, aged 87. Parson Bridge records that Captain Barron's house burned November 18, 1770, and that he raised the frame of a new one on the old site, January of the following year. CAPT. OLIVER BARRON S ALARM ROLL. A List of the Travil and Service of Capt. Oliver Barron of Chelmsford in the County of Middlesex and the men under him belonging to the Regiment of Militia whereof David Green Esq is Colonol. We in Consequence of the alarm made one ye 19th of April 1775 marched from home for the defence of This Colloney against the Ministerial Troops. Men's Names Oliver Barron Samuel Stevens John Ford Benjamin Warren Silas Spaulding Jonas Peirce John Spaulding Jacob Howard Benjamin Spaulding David Burge Ephraim Parkhurst Oliver Richardson Daniel Dammon Daniel Sillaway Willard Howard William Bowers Josiah Richardson John Dunn John Twiss Henry Spaulding, Junr. Joseph Marshall Stephen Peirce, Junr. Samuel Fletcher Rank Capt. Lieut. Sergt. Sergt. (( Cor. Drummer Private J5 ,3 E QJ HI at one penny §•2 lis C-u per mile E"2; .si £. 3. d. H 50 0:4:2 16 50 0:4:2 10 6 9 50 0:4:2 50 0:4:2 16 6 10 50 0:4:2 50 0:4:2 10 50 0:4:2 11 50 11 50 do 11 50 7 50 do 18 50 9 50 2 50 13 50 3 50 do 3 50 3 50 7 50 5 50 5 50 do 4 Wages £ S. D. Q : 8: 7:0 : 8: 6:3 :10: 3:2 :15: 5:0 : 7: 5:0 : 9: 5:1 :15: 8:1 :14: 3:0 :15: 8:0 :15: 8:0 :15: 8:0 :10: 0:0 : 5: 8:0 :12:10:0 : 2:10:0 :18: 7:0 : 4: 3:0 : 4: 3:0 : 4: 3:0 0:10: 0:0 0: 7: 1:0 0: 7: 1:0 0: 5: 8:0 Total carried out £ S. D. Q 3:12: 9:0 1:12: 8:3 0:10: 3:2 0:19: 7:0 1:11: 7:0 0: 9: 5:1 0:19:10:1 0:18: 5:0 0:19:10:0 0:19:10:0 0:19:10:0 0:14: 2:0 1: 9:10:0 0:17: 0:0 0: 7: 0:0 1: 2: 9:0 0: 8: 5:0 0: 8: 5:0 0: 8: 5:0 0:14: 2:0 0:11: 3:0 0:11: 3:0 0: 9:10:0 THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION CAPT. OLIVER Barron's alarm roll — continued. 245 Men's Names Joshua Davis Oliver Fletcher Jonathan Peirce Nathaniel Farrar Joseph Tylor Thomas Marshall, Junr. William Mears John Roby Benjamin Parkhurst Moses Barron John Mears Jeremiah Abbott Reuben Parker David Danforth Benjamin Parker Amos Mastes Isaac Keent, Junr. David Marshall Benjamin Melvin Samuel Marshall Daniel Keyes John Keyes William Dunn Benjamin Barrit James Dunn, Junr. Francis Davidson Moses Esterbrooks William Cambel David Chambers John Chambers Jonathan Sprage Isaiah Foster, Junr. Samuel Britton William Chambers Benjamin Parker, Junr. Benjamin Peirce Josiah Fletcher, Junr. Joseph Spaulding [61 names] Rank Private JS at one •" 2 P penny per mile a^fc a,g" 2 22 -a a 50 £. s. d. f-1 8 50 « 50 11 50 9 50 do 10 9 4 50 0:4:2 50 17 50 do 8 50 15 50 5 50 5 50 do 18 50 4 3 50 0:4:2 50 0:4:2 7 50 0:4:2 6 50 0:4:2 5 5 — 9 — 6 — 6 50 0:4:2 4 — 6 — 8 — 7 — 8 — 6 — 8 — 7 — 6 — 6 — 6 — 3 8 — 7 — 9 6 Sum Total Wages £. S. D. Q. 0:11: 5:0 0:11: 5:0 0:15: 8:0 0:12:10:0 0:14: 3:0 0:12:10:0 0: 5: 8:0 4: 3:0 4: 3:0 5:0 1:0 1:0 7:0 8:0 1: 7: 7: 0:18: 0: 5: 0: 4: 3:0 0:10: 0:0 0: 8: 7:0 0: 7: 2:0 0: 7: 2:0 0:12:10:0 0: 8: 7:0 0: 8: 7:0 0: 5: 8:0 0: 8: 7:0 0:11: 5:0 0:10: 0:0 0:11: 5:0 0: 8: 0:11: 0:10: 0: 8: 0: 8: 0: 8: 0: 4: 7:0 5:0 0:0 7:0 7:0 7:0 3:2 0:11: 5:0 0:10: 0:0 0:12:10:0 0: 8: 7:0 Total carried out £. S. D. Q 0:15: 7:0 0:15: 7:0 0:19:10:0 0:17: 0:0 0:18: 5:0 0:12:10:0 0: 9:10:0 1: 8: 5:0 0: 8: 5:0 1: 5: 7:0 0:11: 3:0 0:11: 3:0 1: 2: 9:0 0: 9:10:0 0: 8: 5:0 0:14: 2:0 0:12: 0:11: 0:11: 9:0 4:0 4:0 0:12:10:0 0: 8: 7:0 0: 8: 7:0 0: 9:10:0 0: 8: 7:0 0:11: 5:0 0:10: 0:0 0:11: 5:0 0: 8: 7:0 0:11: 5:0 0:10: 0:0 0: 8: 7:0 0: 8: 7:0 0: 8: 7:0 0: 4: 3:2 0:11: 5:0 0:10: 0:0 0:12:10:0 0: 8: 7:0 £45: 5: 4:1 Oliver Barron > Capt. 246 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Chelmsford January 1th. 1776. I Oliver Barron atest the above To be a True Miisterroal according To the best of My Knowledge Colony of the Massachusetts Bay, Jan 24th. 1776. Capt Oliver Barron above named made solemn oath to the truth of the above rool by him subscribed to the best of his knowledge. Before me Saml Hotton J of Peace thro the Colony. April 3. 1776 the Council ordered a warrant drawn on the Treas. for the above amt. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 11, p. 210.] To fill a blank space on this page this pedigree is inserted. Dr. Walter Hastings was bom Sept. 25, 1752, and died Nov. 29, 1782. He graduated at Harvard in 1771. He settled in Chelmsford as a physician, and married, Nov. 23, 1777, Lucretia, daughter of the Rev. Ebenezer Bridge. He was at Bunker Hill in the capacity of surgeon in Col. Bridge's regiment. His record will be found in Chapter V. His father was Jonathan, bom in January, 1708; died at Cambridge, Feb. 16, 1783, a graduate and steward of Harvard. His home was the headquarters of General Artemas Ward in 1775. From this house General Warren went to the battle of Bunker Hill. The father of Jonathan Hastings was Jonathan, bom July 15, 1672; died, 1742. He was the son of Walter, bom 1631; died, 1705. Walter's father was John, who came to this country in 1638; freeman, 1643; died at Cambridge, Dec. 2, 1657. ANCESTRY OF LT. COL. MOSES PARKER. Abraham Parker, from Wiltshire, England, came to Wobum; freeman, 1645, came to Chelmsford 1653, married Rose Whitlock in 1644. He died here in 1685. His son Moses, born about 1658, married Abigail, daughter of Richard Hildreth, 1684; died 1732. His son Joseph, born March 25, 1693-4, married Rebeckah and died April 29, 1738. His son Lieutenant Colonel Moses, bom May 13, 1731, married Sarah . She died March 10, 1817, aged 80. The following names are those of their children who.se births are recorded in Chelmsford: Abel and Aaron, twins; Joseph, Nehemiah Abbott, Moses, Rebecca and Sarah. THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION 247 A MUSTER ROLL OF COL. MOSES PARKER COMPANY, YEAR 1775. Men's Names Benjn. Walker Isaac Parker John Freland Wm. Parker Azariah Procter Willard Parker Simeon Barritt VVm. Abbot Saml Perham Jr. Wm. Parker Jr. Isaac Foster David Spaulding Aaron Chamberling Henry Fletcher Wm. Fletcher 3d Jeptha Spaulding Mica Spaulding Robert Adams Supply Reed Levi Peirce Isaac Marshall John Bates Nathaniel Foster Benjn. Farly Enoch Cleaveland Benin. Butterfield Reuben Foster Joseph Spaulding, Jr Solomon Keys John Parker John Adams Ebenezer Goold Josiah Blood Zacheous Fletcher Robert Peirce Saml Marshal Joseph Ausgood Charles Fletcher Thomas Adams Benjn. Ausgood Joshaway Durant David Walker Town from whence they came Chelmsford Rank Time ingaged Lieut. April the 19th Sargt. Private Travil 54 miles in the hole Amount at one penny a mile 0:4:6:0 5 17 11 11 11 9 16 13 9 16 11 10 21 11 12 10 12 8 10 12 7 7 6 The hole amount 0:14: 3:1 0:12: 6:0 1:13: 6:2 1: 3: 3:2 1: 3: 3:2 1: 3: 3:2 0:17: 3:0 1: 7: 4:0 1: 2:11:0 0:17: 3:0 1: 7: 4:0 1: 1: 9:0 0:18: 9:1 1:14: 3:0 1: 1: 9:0 1: 1: 6:0 0:18: 9:0 1: 1: 6:0 0:15:10:0 0:18: 9:0 0:17: 1:2 0: 9:11:0 0: 9:11:0 0: 8: 6:0 0:11: 4:0 0: 9:11:0 0:11: 4:0 0:11: 4:0 0:14: 8:0 0: 9:11:0 0:12: 9:0 0:12: 9:0 0:12: 9:0 0:12: 9:0 0:12: 9:0 0:12: 9:0 0:12: 9:0 0:12: 9:0 0:12: 9:0 0:12: 9:0 0:12: 9:0 0:12: 9:0 £ s d q r.„ , I 35: 1: 9:1 [43 names] In council April 1776. Read and allowed & ordered that a warrant be drawn on the Treasurer £35.1.9X in full of the within roll. Perez Morton D. Secy. [Deputy Secretary] This company was commanded by Lieut. Benjamin Walker, who became captain. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 13, p. 153.] 248 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD CAPTAIN BENJAMIN WALKER. He was born October 6, 1741, the son of Benjamin, son of Benjamin, son of Joseph, first of Wobum, then of Billerica where he settled in 1667. The genealogy of this family is given in Hazen's Billerica. The reader will please consult the Index to find the ancestry of Captain Benjamin Walker. He married Abial Abbott of Andover. The following births are recorded in Chelmsford : Abbott, son of Benjamin and Abial Walker, July 24, 1770. Ephraim, " " " " " " July 22, 1772. Rhoda, daughter of " " " " April 12, 1774. This marriage is recorded : Abiel Walker and Samuel Fitch of Acton, April 23, 1778. CHELMSFORD NAMES ON A RETURN OF CAPT. BENJAMIN WALKER's COMPANY IN THE 27th REGT. OF FOOT. [aN IMPERFECT ROLL TO AuG. 1-1775] Rank Time of Travel Time of — Enlistment milea service months days Charles Fletcher Sergt. April 19 25 3. ] L5 8. 4. 11 Josiah Blood Corp. do 25 3. ] 7.H. 2 Thomas Marshall Corp. do 25 3. ] 7.11. 2 John Adams Private do 25 3. ] 6.17. 8 Zacheous Fletcher do 25 3. ] 6.17. 8 Robert Peirce do 25 3. ] 6.17. 8 Joseph Osgood do 25 3. ] 6.17. 8 Ebenezer Gould do 25 3. ] 6.17. 8 Joshua Durant do 25 3. ] 6.17. 8 David Putnam David Osgood Samuel Marshall Benj. Osgood Phinehas Kidder David Walker Thomas Adams These names are supplied from the October Return. • These men were undoubtedly at Bunker Hill with the others, as there were prac- tically no enlistments between the dates of these rolls. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 16, p. 57.] [A few of these men had guns & cartridge boxes, Shoes, stockings, &c, furnished by the Province. Guns charged at £1 . 16 . to £2. 14. 0. Cartridge boxes 4 Shillings. Shoes 0.6.8 Shirt 0.9.0 Stockings 0.3.4 Privates were given £2. advance wages. Officers, 8. S. or 4. S. more.] THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION 249 [October Return, 1775] A RETURN OF CAPT BENJAMIN WALKER's COMPANY 27th REG FOOT COMMANDED BY COL. EB. BRIDGE. Benjamin Walker Capt. Dead from Chelmsford John Flint 1 Lieut Tewksbury Ebenr Fitch 2 Lieut Bedford Men's Names The Towns they belong to Men's Names The Towns they belong to Sargts Lake Swett Tewksbury Josiah Kidder Tewksbury Asa Fassett Bead ford Nehemiah Hunt Tewksbury Charles Fletcher Chelmsford Amos Foster Tewksbury Eliakim Walker Tewksbury John Bailey Tewksbury Corprils Josiah Blood Chelmsford Joseph Frost Tewksbury Thomas Marshal Chelmsford John Welch Andover Peter Hunt Tewksbury James Bailey Andover David Bailey Tewksbury Jonathan Dutton Tewksbury Phinehas Annis, Drum Tewksbury Malachi Allen Bedford Isaac Manning, Fife Tewksbury Jabez Carter Bedford John Adams Chelmsford Asa Duran Bedford Zacheus Fletcher Chelmsford Samuel Fletcher Billerica Robert Peirce Chelmsford Obediah Johnson Bedford Joseph Osgood Chelmsford Ebenezer Johnson Bedford Ebenezer Gould Chelmsford Abraham Meriam Bedford John Hall Tewksbury Abner Mead Lexington David Morrill Tewksbury Simeon Parker Bedford Hezekiah Thorndike Tewksbury Joseph Ross Bedford Justus Blanchard Billerica Epheriam Smith Bedford Jonathan Beard Tewksbury Benjn. Winship Bedford John Haywood Tewksbury Abel Winship Lexington Paul Hunt Tewksbury David Osgood Chelmsford Eliphalet Manning Tewksbury Samuel Marshall Chelmsford John Dandelen Tewksbury Benj Osgood Chelmsford Jonathan Gould Tewksbury Phinehas Kidder Chelmsford Jonathan Frost Tewksbury David Walker Chelmsford Joseph Phelps Tewksbury Benj Dilleway Andover Jonathan Gray Tewksbury William Calwell Billerica Amos Goodell Bedford Thomas Adams Chelmsford Asa Leavestone Tewksbury Reuben Beacon Dead Bedford Samuil Bayley Tewksury Jacob Crosby Dead Billerica Joshua Durant Chelmsford Jacob Frost David Putnam Chelmsford Prisoner Boston Tewksbury Amos Russell Lexington Corprel Philip Fowler Timothy Dutton Tewksbury Missing Tewksbury [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 56, p. 178.] 250 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD CAPTAIN JOHN FORD, HIS COMMISSIONS AND MUSTER ROLLS. Captain John Ford was bom August 3, 1740, the son of Robert Ford and Esther Davis Ford of Haverhill. John was the fifth of seven children. Robert died at Cape Breton, July 5, 1745. Captain Ford married Sarah Barker of Methuen. They had eleven children. He is described as a tall, wiry and active man, with a florid complexion. All his actions were indicative of great resolution and endurance. He was a man of few words, simplicity of manner and sterling integrity. He was early put to work. When foiu-teen years old he drove an ox team drawing logs, and was so small that in order to reach the off ox, he was obliged to run his goad under the nigh one. He was at the second taking of Louisburg, in 1758. In 1767, he purchased his property at the head of Pawtucket falls. John Corliss, the carpenter who built his house, married his eldest daughter, Sarah. He owned a sawmill at the foot of the falls. In 1820, by an act of the General Court, he, with nimierous others, was set of from the Chelmsford church to the church in Dracut ( Pawtucket ville) . Chase, in "Old Residents' Collections" says: "Captain Ford once told Colonel Thomas Adams that one day when he went to his sawmill wearing his 'Revolutionary' coat, having three brass buttons two inches in diameter, he was met by an Indian, who sprang at him, shouting 'Me got you!' and immediately attempted to stab him with a knife, but the knife striking one of his buttons, his life was saved. Captain Ford having in his hand a bar with which he moved the logs in his mill, struck the Indian a powerful blow and sent him dead out of the tail race of the mill." FROM A PAPER BY MISS JOSEPHINE H. EARL. Capt. Ford's company belonged to the regiment of Col. Ebenezer Bridge. This regiment on the morning of the battle of Bunker Hill had not yet left their quarters in Cambridge. It shows the impatient disposition of the man that, becoming restive at the delay, he gained permission to lead forth his com- pany alone, and proceeded to the Hill. It is related by one of his historians that, while at Bunker Hill, the day before the battle, Capt. Ford warned General Prescott that it was evident that the British were preparing to attack the Americans upon the hill, and urged the necessity of immediately throwing up breastworks. Prescott, who had not feared such an attack, yielded to the persuasion of Capt. Ford and before morning, the fortifications were completed, without which the Americans could not have held their ground or achieved the immortal glory of that day. Mr. Chase in his article pertinently asks, "Is it asking too much to claim a share of that glory for the brave and sagacious Capt. Ford?" THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION 251 At the end of the nine months' service of Capt. Ford's first company, another company of Chelmsford men, with Ford in command, was raised to reinforce the army in Cambridge. This company served from January to April, 1776, but with little fighting, and in April the soldiers returned to their farms. In connection with Capt. Ford's second company, I quote from a manuscript of Lawyer Corliss. "William Fletcher of Chelmsford was a member of Capt. Ford's 2d company at Cambridge. His son William told me that his father, then alive, told him that Washington planned an attack upon Boston in the night, to cross with boats and Capt. Ford was put in charge of a boat, but for some reason the expedition was given up." In the summer of 1776 a third company with Ford as Captain was raised and stationed at Ticonderoga. While there Capt. Ford kept a regimental order book in which are recorded regi- mental orders, trials by court martial, promotion of officers, punishments of soldiers, and other matters. This book is in the possession of his descendants. [On their starting out to join the Northern Army, Captain Ford, his impetuosity having been somewhat abated, since April 19, 1775, requested Parson Bridge to pray with them in the meeting house, which he did. They sang part of the 18th Psalm and he gave them a word of exhortation.] FROM THE ORDER BOOK. HeadQuarters Aug. 31, 1776. General Orders: — The Officers and Soldiers may be satisfied that the Genii, has left no means in his Power untry'd to procure medicines and every comfort for the Sick of this Army which the Station and Circumstances of this place will admit. The Genii, is credibly informed that a principal Surgeon is dispatched from N. Y. above a fortnight ago with a supply of medicines and apprehends that the Badness of the weather and Roads has alone prevented his arrival. It is the Soldiers duty to maintain the post he is ordered to defend. The same climate affects our enemies that affects us and the favor of the Almighty to whom we have appealed will if we trust in him, preserve us from Slavery and Death. Capt. Ford and his company returned to Chelmsford toward the close of 1776 and for some months they attended to their farms and mills, but on Sept. 30, 1777, still another company raised in Chelmsford and commanded by Capt. Ford marched to reinforce the Northern anny. They were a little too late, however, to assist in the splendid victory at Saratoga. On returning they brought forty or fifty British prisoners from Stillwater. 252 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD During the forty-five remaining years of his Hfe he carried on his lumber business, bought large tracts of land in Chelmsford und did considerable farming. Among his papers is a ruling of the Court of Common Pleas, Middlesex Co., given at the December term, 1806, in a case of some disagreement between two Chelmsford men. "The parties appear and agree to refer this action and all demands between them to the determination of Capt. John Ford, Messrs. Joel Spalding and Phineas Whiting." John Ford married Sarah Barker of Methuen. They were blessed with eleven children, seven of whom lived to manhood and womanhood. Sarah, the eldest, bom in Chelmsford in 1767, married John Corliss of Chelmsford, afterward of Haverhill, N. H. The other children, Deborah and Prudence, lived, unmarried, and died on the old homestead. Elisha, who was a civil engineer, spent many years in the service of the Locks and Canals Co., and helped to build Pawtucket bridge, the wooden structure that preceded the present bridge. He was captain of the militia of the town of Chelmsford, and represented the town of Lowell in the General Court in 1828. John Ford died November 6, 1822, aged 84, and was buried in the Pawtucketville Cemetery. THE CONGRESS OF THE COLONY OF THE MASSACHUSETTS-BAY. To John Foord Gentleman — Greeting. WE, reposing especial Trust and Confidence in your Courage and good Conduct, Do, by these Presents, constitute and appoint you the said John Foord to be Captain of the Foot Company in the Regiment of Foot whereof Ebenezer Bridge Esq. is Colonel raised by the Congress aforesaid, for the Defence of said Colony. You are, therefore, carefully and diligently to discharge the Duty of a Captain in leading, ordering, and exercising the said Company in Arms, both inferior Officers and Soldiers, and to keep them in good Order and Discipline; and they are hereby com- manded to obey you as their Captain, and you are yourself to observe and follow such Orders and Instructions as you shall, from Time to Time, receive from the General and Commander in Chief of the Forces raised in the Colony aforesaid, for the Defence of the same, or any other your superior Officers, according to Military Rules and Discipline in War, in Pursuance of the Trust reposed in you. By Order of the Congress Jos. Warren President P. T. Dated, the 19th of May, A. D. 1775. Sam Freeman Secretary P. T. THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION 263 Middlesex SS June 1 1775 Then John Ford within named personally appeared and repeated the Oath by Congress required to be taken by the officers of the Massachusetts Army. Before us Jona. Hastings 1 Justices Jona. Dix j of Peace COMMISSION. Sigilium Coloniae f 1 SEAL Massachusettensis Colony of the \ The Major Part of the Council of the Massachusetts-Bay j Massachusetts-Bay, in New-England. B. Greenleaf To John Ford Gentleman Greeting. W. Spooner YOU being appointed Captain of a Company Caleb Gushing raised by this Colony as a temporary reinforce- J. Gushing ment to the American Army untill the first Jedh. Foster day of April next. Eldad Taylor By virtue of the Power vested in us, WE do B. Lincoln by these Presents, (reposing special Trust and John Whitcomb Confidence in your Loyalty, Com-age, and good Moses Gill Conduct,) Commission you accordingly. — You S. Hoi ten are therefore carefully and diligently to dis- Michael Farley charge the Duty of a Captain in leading, order- L Palmer ing, and exercising said Company in Arms both John Taylor Inferior Officers and Soldiers ; and to keep them B. White in good Order and Discipline: And they are Jabez Fisher hereby commanded to obey you as their Captain and you are yourself, to observe and follow such Orders and Instructions as you shall from Time to Time receive from your Superior Officers. Given under our Hands and the Seal of the said Colony, at Watertown the Seventh Day of February in the Sixteenth Year of the Reign of his Majesty King George the Third, Anno Domini, 1776. By the Command of the Major Part of the Council Perez Norton D[eputy] Secy. 254 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD COMMISSION. Colony of the Massachusetts-Bay. The Major Part of the Council of the Massachusetts-Bay, in New-England. f \ To John Ford — Gentleman Greeting. You being appointed Captain of the fourth Company in the Seventh Regiment of Militia in the County of Middlesex whereof Simeon Spaulding Esqr. is Colonel — By Virtue of the Power vested in us, WE do by these Presents, (reposing special Trust and Confidence in your Loyalty, Courage, and good Conduct,) Commission you accordingly. — You are therefore carefully and diligently to discharge the Duty of a Captain in leading, ordering, and exercising said Company in Arms both Inferior Officers and Soldiers; and to keep them in good Order and Discipline: And they are hereby commanded to obey you as their Captain and you are yourself, to observe and follow such Orders and Instruc- tions as you shall from Time to Time receive from the Major part of the Council or from your Superior Officers. GIVEN under our Hands and the seal of the said Colony, at Watertown the third Day of September, in the Year of our Lord, 1776 — By the Command of the Major Part of the Council John Avery, Depy. Secy. Given under our hands and seal of said Colony at Watertown Sept. 3. 1776. SEAL Jer. Powell Caleb Gushing J. Winthrop Rich'd Derby J. Gushing I. Holten Ebenr. Thayer. Jr, B. Lincoln B. Chadbourn Jos. Gushing D. Sewall B. White D. Hopkins John Taylor F. M. Dunn [Condensed.] A RETURN OF THE CO. OF THE 7tH REGT OF MILITIA IN THE COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. OflScere' Names Rank Date of Commission Place of Abode John Ford, Capt June 11th 1775 Chelmsford Benj Warren 1st Lieut Sept 3d 1776 do Vacant, 2nd " Vacant do Training Band Present 76 Alarm List present 34 Clerks 1 Under 50 years of age 16 Serjeants 4 Between 50 and 60 years 9 Drummers and fifers . . 2 " 60 " 65 " 9 Rank and File Total . . 76 Total alarm List 34 THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION 255 Absent in the Training Band in Capacity of Non-Commissioned officers and Privates In the Continental Army 17 " " State Service JJ. "28 The whole number of males above 16 years of age not included either in the Training Band or alarm list 13 Whites between 16 and 60 years of age 129 Upwards of 60 years of age 9 138 [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 55, p. 48.] In a Muster Roll of Capt John Ford's Company in ye twenty- seventh Rigimt of Foot in Continental Army, these officers are given: 1775 John Ford Capt John Bats Corp 1 Isaac Parker Liut William Chambers Do ! p Jonas Parker Ensign William Cambell Do j ^ Moses Barker Sergt \ Benjn. Berritt Do ] Parker Emerson Do I o i-„ William Ranstard 1 Drummer Daniel Keyes Do | ^ Barzilar Lew j and Fifer Jonas Pierce Do j [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 55, p. 49.] The whole number of Equipments in the Training Band and Alarm List Present 83 Good Fire Arms 31 Steel Ram-rods 58 worms 74 Priming — wire and Brushes 74 Belt and Scabboard Bayonets 3043 BuUetts 63 Cartridge-Boxes of 15 Rounds 83 Blanket 5339 Buck-Shott 72 Canteen [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 55, p. 48.] 75 Jack-Knife 83 wadding 327 Flints 66 lb Powder RETURN OF CAPT JOHN FORDS COMPANY John Ford Capt Isaac Parker Lieut. Jonas Parker Ensign IN COL BRIDGE S RIDGM. JUNE 15, 1775. Men's Names Age Day Inlisted Town they belong to ple?™on ^'^^ their occupation Sergts Moses Barker 36 Parker Emerson 30 Daniel Keyes 37 Jonas Pierce 25 Corps John Bates 28 William Chambers 25 William Cambell 37 Benja. Berret 42 John Keyes 26 Alexander Davidson 27 John Chambers 27 Samuel Briton 18 25 April 26 25 25 26 25 Dracutt Chelmsford Chelmsford Tewkesby Chelmsford Light 6 Farmer fresh 5 . 10 housewright do 5 . 10 farmer do 6 housewright Dark 6 Light 6 Dark 6 Light 6 Fresh 6 farmer Do Do Do Do Dark 5.9 Cordwinder Light 6 farmer Dark 5.6 Do 256 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Men's Names Age Day Inlisted Town they belong to Com- plection Size their occupation Moses Barker Jr Benjamin Pierce David Chambers Ebenezer Shed Samuel Wilson Jonathan Sprigue Nathll. Foster James Dun Isaiah Foster Benja Parker Enoch Cleavland Benja Butterfield Samuel Haywood Moses EsterBrooks Robert Aynger Elijah Heaselton John Glode Jesse Dow Joseph Spaulding Francis Davidson Oliver Cory Samuel Marshel Joseph Chambers Nathaniel Hunt Reuben Foster Joseph Spaulding Jr Noah Foster Jonas Spaulding Solomon Keyes Isaac Berret Benja. Farley Timothy Adams Josiah Fletcher John Parker James Chambers Silas Parker Benj Haywood Robert Richardson Berzillia Lew William Rowell William Ranstard Thomas Bewkell William Brown James Alexander Solomon Farmer William Brown James Alexander Solomon Farmer 16 25 April Dracutt Light 5.6 Do 19 26 Chelmsford Do 5.8 Do 26 27 11 Do 6 Do 25 25 " Dark 6 housewright 21 25 " Light 6 farmer 19 25 " Do 5.8 housewright 20 26 " Dark 6 farmer 23 27 i< Light 6 Do 22 25 II Light 6 Do 22 27 Do Do Dark 6 Do 19 27 Do Light 5.8 Do 18 27 Do Light 5.6 Do 17 26 Do Dark 5.6 Do 30 27 Do Light 6. Do 42 28 Billiraca Do 5.5 Do 25 29 Tewksbury Dark 5.6 Do 25 28 Chelmsford Dark 5.10 Do 21 29 Methen Dark 5.10 Blacksmith 20 25 Do Chelmsford Do 5.10 farmer 23 26 Do Do 5.9 Do 18 28 Do Do 5.6 Do 23 29 Do Do 6 Do 21 26 Do Do 6 Do 20 29 Tewkesbury Do 5.9 Do 23 27 Chelmsford Light 6.1 Do 19 27 Do Do 6. Do 18 27 Do Light 5.6 Do 19 29 Do Do 6. Do 23 29 Do Do 5.10 Do 22 25 Do Do Do 6 Do 17 25 Do Do Do 5.10 Do 18 29 Do Do Do 5.6 Do 18 28 Do Do Do 5.6 Do 20 26 Do Dark 5.10 Do 16 2 May Do Light 5.6 Do 17 29 April Do Light 5.6 Do 21 28 April Do Do 5.5 Do 33 4 May Do Do 6. Do 30 6 IVl ay Do Negro 6 . Cooper [Fifer] 25 6 Do Sandown Liglit 6. farmer 14 6 Do Boston Dark 5. Do [Drummer 25 27 April Chelmford Light 5.10 Do 23 25 April Darcutt Light 6. Do 26 28 Do Chelmford Dark 5.10 Do 21 28 Do Do Do 5.6 Do the 29 of Mav. 1775 En istec in to the Train I I 55, p. 54.] 179], dated Sept. 25, 1775, has the Thomas Bewkell 25 of June 1775 Desarted from Camp in Cambridge [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. Another Roll [Vol. 56, p. same names. Mr. Henry S. Perham once expressed to the writer the opinion that the name Chambers on the foregoing roll might be erroneously given for Chamberlain. This was the first enlisted company of Chelmsford men, and was stationed at Cambridge, serving from April 25, 1775 to February, 1776. MIDDLESEX VILLAGE. AQUEDUCT, LOOKING WEST. MIDDLESEX VILLAGE. AQUEDUCT, LOOKING EAST. No. 18 BALDWIN MANSION. STORE HOUSE. BRIDGE OVER CANAL, MIDDLESEX VILLAGE. THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION 257 Captain Barron's company, which turned out on the 19th of April, remained at Cambridge a short time, the service of the men varying from two to eighteen days. About twenty of these men enlisted into Capt. Ford's company, a few days later. On the 25th of April, nineteen of Capt. Ford's company were enlisted, eight on the 26th, and by the 29th, twenty-five more. The militia was called out, as a temporary reinforcement to the army, to serve to April 1, 1776, until a new army could be recruited to take the place of those whose term of enlistment had expired. Second Enlisted Company of Chelmsford men, at Cambridge, which served from January, 1776, to April 1776. John Ford, Capt.; Lemuel Perham, Lieut.; Micah Hildreth, Benjamin Byam, John Adams, Uriah Keyes, Moses Barker, Oliver Richardson, Samuel Twiss, Daniel Silaway, Solomon Keyes, Isaac Liveston, John Taylor, James Heaston, Eliphalet Manning, Israel Hunt, Jonathan Hunt, John Roby, Willard Hall, Nicholas Morrill, Stephen Pierce, John Marsh, Nathaniel Richardson, John Needham, Isaiah Foster, Sherebiah Fletcher, Jeremiah Morrill, Moses Esterbrooks, Samuel Wilson, Ebenezer Gould, Jr., Elijah Hildreth, Joshua Jones, Solomon Abbott, Barzilla Lew, Joseph Barrett, James Annas, Simon Hyde, Ezekiel Andrews, Joshua Durant, Hezekiah Thorndike, Willard Pierce, John HajnA^ood, John Mears, Daniel Abbot, Jonathan Stevens, John Spaulding, Samuel Fletcher, Jonathan Shed, James Read, Joseph Ingals, Caleb Cobum, Daniel Clough, Daniel Proctor, Jeptha Spaulding, William Fletcher, Jeremiah Hill, Joseph Willson, Leonard Willson, John Hunt, Joseph Spaulding, John Baker, Thomas Hoadley, Benjamin Lane. [Ford Papers.] The following names are on the enlistment papers dated January, 1776, among the papers left by Capt. Ford, and probably served in the company, although they did not receipt for their pay with those named above: John Carlton, Jr., Stephen Barrett, Elijah Cory, Josiah Abbot, Paul Hill, Timothy Gray, John Wright, Benjamin Sanders, Charles Harris, John Wining, Benjamin Sprake, Benjamin Dutton, John Sprake, William Stearns, Joel Crosby, Nicholas Sprake, Aaron Monroe, Abraham Jaquith, John Merrick, Moses Hardee, Aaron Palmer, John Perham, 3d, Lemuel Perham, Jr., Josiah Danforth, Gershom Proctor, Francis Lane, David Lane, William Clough, Uriah Griffin, James Hazeltine, John Hunt, Daniel Glode, James Bailey. [Ford Papers.] "It may be that some of the last names are of men transferred to other companies, although their names are on enlistment papers with the names of those on the pay roll of April 19, 1776." [See Lowell Journal and Courier, Sept. 23, 1859.] 258 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD a - O H 1— I tn < < < E s o w Pi M Q Z <; o u a a H b o .-) o pti c>i u H en a m ^eoCT>;ocoeocoo5coececoo>-icccoooc<3cooccocicccoocccofOc<3eo 1-1 ,— ( ,-H T-t 1— I 1— It— (1— 1 T-(i— It— (1— (1— IT-H .— 1 rHi— 1 ,-lt- lr-(.-Hi-< C0'*C<)C0'^O0iCTt(Tj^Ot>^t^ -i 90IAJ9g JO ora;x ^•^TflTtlT^TfHTt<-*COT}t^T-HOr^l>l^t^^-r^t^t^t^t^Ot^t-Ol^t^l^t^t^t^l~^l^t^t^t^ (NC> . ^ . E c3E oE^E pEoooooooooo U ccoo omooococo cc«o loecioo o eo»ci o -^ o coco ot~ o ,— Ir— I .— Ii— Ir-ll— I 1— 4i— It— (1-H •*-• CD CD CS CO OJ t- CC*i O fO (N CO - CO CO CO rH rH % ^ o ooo oooooooo oooooooo ooooooo .„ » ^g •^ •* O -* •* -^ ■* 00 O •<1' Tf ■* Tt< O O O ■* O ■* Tt< Tj< ■* . (N rt< e— I I— ll— ll— I OOoi^^cDt^t~-C^'ot^cOOCOo6505iicb(NCDt-^OOcOt^Oi t-h I— (i— Ii— l>-Hi— I i-Hi-H 1— ll— ll— ll— ll— ll— I I— It-H i— (i— Ii— I i— I t^ t-- CO CO CO CC CO h» t> O CO t> CO CO CO CD CO CO l> CD CO l>- CD O CO CO CO 1— i 1— I t-h iO'*C0i-iOC0OC<)(N(NOO'*iOi-iC0J>O'-HiOC0C0C0 CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO C0 1—1 1—1 ^h CO CO CO 00 CD CO 1—1 CO CO CO 00 CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO 05 CO CO co T— I (N(NC^|T-HC^C (N (M — 4-j -3 "O -O T3 -O fe -S "O -O 'O -O TS TJ ID TJ T3 TJ -O "O ^ -t; T3 T3 ^ rroj_c.''j_e Sir- 5r" 2 ~ P 1*73 (/) Ul ™ 3 4; nj 00 35 ►— >cOi-i U u, fc oa cQ .2 S S E.2 = g_o = > «) 5£> a o > 260 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Captain Ford's muster roll of August, 1775, is placed after that of the second enlisted company in order to bring it on opposite pages. Company of Capt. John Ford of Chelmsford, at Ticonderoga, being mostly men from Chelmsford, from July to the end of December, 1776. John Ford, Capt. ; Micah Hildreth, Lieut. ; John Richardson, Lieut.; John Chaney, also Lieut, for part of the time; John Lane, Ensign; Ebenezer Bowman, Sarg't.; Daniel Parker, John Osgood, John Smith, Robert Richardson, Robert Morrell or Morall, John Adams, Ezra Corey, Joel Estabrooks, Joseph or Josiah Estabrooks, William Mears, Samuel Brown, Eleazer Colburn, Abram Littlehale, Jesse Haywood, Benjamin Hajrwood, Daniel Silaway, William Smiley, John Taylor, Joshua Jones, Samuel Piper, Willard Hall, Benjamin Barron, Philip Butterfield, John Marsh, Moses Chandler, John Perham, Isaac Carkin, Reuben Silaway, Abijah Wood, Solomon Wood, Alexander Brown, Timothy Farrar, David Adams, Thomas Clark, Richard Hughes, Daniel Damon, Ebenezer Wakefield, Samuel Ellingwood, John Fox, William Blazedell, Hezekiah Thorndike, Caleb Rea, Benjamin Sprake, Jacob Williams, Aaron Farmer, Eben'r Green, Levi Parker, Jonas Whitney, James Cumings, James Davis, Seth Didson, Ephraim Howe, Lazarus Hubbard, Nathaniel Boroughs, Abijah Fox, Joseph Butterfield, Jesse Butterfield, William Bowers, Benjamin Williams, Robert Adams, Jeduthan Warren, Solomon Keyes, William Chambers, Charles Fips or Phipps, Samuel Whitney, Jonathan Woodward, Sampson Harris or Hardy, Mitchell Davis, John Mears, Moses Barker, Obadiah Johnson, Jonathan Evans, Barzilla Lew, John Mills, Asa Colburn, Joseph Carkin, Solomon Adams, John Bowers, Ziba Lane, Abraham Mears, Zaccheus Fletcher, Joshua Durant, John Manning, John Burge, John Ditson, John Storrs. [Ford Papers.] THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION ROUTE TO TICONDEROGA. 261 In the Diary of Micah Hildreth of Dracut (Lieutenant in Capt. Ford's company), are given the routes taken by the troops on their march from Chelmsford on July 25, 1776, and on their retvun. Dracutt, July 25. 1776. to Chelmsford to Westford Groton Pepperel Townsend Ashby Ashbumham New Ipswich Ringe Jeffry New Marlboro Swanzey Keen Surry Westmoreland Walpole Charlestown, N. Y. Springfield Weathersfield Cavendish Saltish Ludlow Susbury Clarendon Rutland Castleton Skeenborough Mount Independence Ticonderoga Then marched for Cannada From Ticonderoga, Nov. 26. 1776. To Fort George Fort Edward " Miller Saratoga Still Water Half Moon New City Albany Flats Albany Then across the River to Green Bush Scoduck New Lebanon Green Groves, called Philipstown Pittsfield Partridgefield Washington Williamsburg Hatfield Then across the river to Hadley Amherst Shutesbury New Salem Petersham Templeton Westminster Fitchburg Lunenburg Shirley Groton Westford Chelmsford Dracut [Courtesy of Dr. M. G. Parker.] "A Muster Roll of Capt. John Ford's Company of Volunteers in Col. Jonathan Reed's Regiment of Militia, who engaged Sept 27th and marched Sept. 30, A. D. 1777, to reinforst the northern army, by the desire of the General Court of the Massachusetts Bay." as we belonged to sd. State. Cheknsford Sept. A. D. 1777. 262 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Establishment Distance from Disch'd Nov. 8 per month home 40 miles Time of service Whole Amt. John Ford, Capt. Tempel Kindall Lieut. Jonathan Bancroft, Sergt. Willard Parker Sergt. Azariah Proctor, Corp. Silas Pierce, Corp. Caleb Colburn, Corp. Simeon Cummings, Corp. Privates Oliver Barron, Esq. Jonathan Shed, William Chambers Jonathan Woodard Willard Hayward David Putnam Joseph Adams Samuel Adams Jeduthan Warren Sam'l Perham Josiah Fletcher Henry Fletcher Joe! Spauldin David Danforth David Marshall Aaron Chamberlain Azariah Spauldin Timothy Adams Jonathan Robins Ephraim Robins Supply Reed William Spauldin Stephen Pierce Benjamin Butterfield Levi Fletcher Banja Hayward Oliver Richardson John Hadlock Joseph Butterfield Joseph Ingals Aaron Small William Fletcher Elijah Fletcher Benjamin Didson Sam'l Lunn Solomon Pollard John Marsh Jesse Butterfield Elizer Farwell William Parker Jacob Baldwin or Bauldwin Joseph Tyler John French Oliver Adams Samuel French Days allowed £12. 0. to return home 8. 2. 20 miles per day 2. 8. 2. 8.0 2. 4.0 2. 4. 2. 4. 2. 4.0 2. 0. 2. 0.0 2.0. 2.0.0 2.0.0 2.0.0 2. 0.0 2.0. 2. 0.0 2.0. 2. 0.0 2. 0.0 2.0.0 2.0.0 2 0.0 2.0.0 2.0. 2.0.0 2.0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. 0.0 0.0 2.0.0 2. 2.0. 2.0.0 2. 0.0 2.0.0 2.0.0 2.0. 2.0.0 2. 0.0 2.0.0 2. 0.0 2. 0. 2.0. 2. 0. 2.0.0 2. 0. 2.0.0 2. 0. 2.0. 2 days 43 days do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do Disch'd Oct. 20, 23 days do do do £17. 4. 11-12. 3. 8. 9 8. 9 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2. 17. 4 2. 17. 4 2. 17. 4 2. 17. 4 2. 17. 4 2. 17. 4 2. 17. 4 2. 17. 4 2. 17. 4 2. 17. 4 2. 17. 4 2. 17. 4 2. 17. 4 2. 17 4 2. 17. 4 2. 17. 4 2. 17. 4 2. 17. 4 2. 17. 4 2. 17. 4 2. 17. 4 2. 17. 4 2. 17. 4 2. 17. 4 2. 17. 4 2. 17. 4 2. 17. 4 2 17. 4 2. 17. 4 2. 17. 4 2. 17. 4 2. 17. 4 2. 17. 4 2. 17. 4 2. 17. 4 2. 17. 4 2. 17. 4 2. 17. 4 2. 17. 4 2. 17. 4 2. 17. 4 1. 10. 8 1. 10. 8 1. 10. 8 1. 10. 8 [Capt. Ford allowed for extra services] Chelmsford, March 28. 1778. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 55, p. 57. £171 46, 19. 3 9. 4 £218. 08. 7 5. 16. 2 2. 8. 9 7. 7. 6 7. 4. 4 3. 12. 2 134. 11. 8 :otal 165. 16. John Ford. Capt THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION 263 An abstract of Capt. John Ford's Company in Col Reed's Regiment A D 1776 for travel from fort George and for mileage from Albany home at one penny Pr mile and one Days Pay for every twenty miles from Albany home. 1 Capt. for travel 265 miles and 200 mile mileage 3. 15. 5 2 Lieuts. Do 1 Ensign Do 4 Seargt. Do 4 Corol. Do 2 Drum & fife Do 76 Privates Do Chelmsford January 9th. 1777 John Ford [Ford Papers.] Captain Ford's Company was at the taking of Burgoyne, and brought back with them between forty and fifty of the prisoners from Stillwater to Cambridge. An Abstract for pay Due to Capt. John Ford and his Company for pack horses to carry their baggage to Stillwater and for horses Expences and for the men to bring back their horses and for Extroydenary Expence in their Return as they Brougt back the prisoners. 9 horses for 53 men at /6d pr mile Each 160 miles Each £36 = = for 2 men to bring back the pack horses 15 Days at 3s. pr man pr day 4 = 10 = and for their Expences for the men to Bring back the horses 4 = 10 = and for the Expence for the above horses at l£-16s-0 pr horse 16 = 4 = for milage to Bennington 53 men 160 miles 2 pence pr mile Each 35= 6 = 8 for Extrordinary Expence from Stillwater to Cam- bridge in bringing back the prisoners 250 miles Each and one peny pr mile 51 = = 10 the above was transacted A: D: 1777 total 147: 11: 6 Chelmsford March 28 1778 John Ford Capt [Ford Papers.] Sept. 10, 1778, Capt Ford was ordered to detach 3 privates from his Company to reinforce Gen. Sullivan and to defend the seacoasts, to march to Providence, armed & equipped as the law directs. [Ford Papers.] 264 HISTOR Y OF CHELMSFORD ANCESTRY OF CAPTAIN JOHN MINOT (^)Thomas Minot of Essex, England, had a son (2)George, bom Aug. 4, 1594, who came to Dorchester in 1630; was an Elder in the Church and prominent in the town. He married Martha and died Dec. 24, 1671. (^) James, their son, was born Dec. 31, 1628, and died March 30, 1676. He married 1st Hannah (daughter of Col. Israel Stoughton and sister of Lieut. Gov. William Stoughton), Dec. 9, 1653; 2d Hepsibah Corlet, May 21, 1673. (^) James, born April 2, 1659, married Rebecca Jones of Concord, Feb. 9, 1688. (^)Lieut. Jonathan, born 1689; died July 23, 1770. Married Elizabeth Stratton of Concord, Jan. 26, 1714. They had Samuel, Elizabeth, Rebecca, Jonathan, Anna. («)John, born at Chelmsford, Dec. 16, 1730; died Sept. 16, 1809. Married Rachel Spaulding, June 27, 1753. She died Dec. 31, 1812, aged 80. No children are recorded in Chelmsford. Jonathan, brother of (^)John, was of Westford, and a Captain in the Revolution. Chelmsford names on "A Pay Role of Travill and Wages Due to Capt. John Minots Company in Col. Dike's Regt. for the Travill from their Places of Abode to the Heights of Dorchester the Place of Rendezvous and back to their Respective homes and one days Wages for Every Twenty Miles home." ^ ^ CD 0) •aiS n ■?o,a oi 1) O Men's Names Towns 11! •3^ °3 o 3 e8 > a) c~ io§ », -zr If § fin C ^ S +^ 6 >-> 0) O ^^ o o ^^ I )^_, n, rt cepq O (1) GO i o c^ i oooooooooo OOOOOOCJOOOO 0:i(^OiO:iOiOiOiO:>OiOi (M(M(N(M(MC^, O OOOOOOOO ^lOOOOOOOOO"— 7 (M •3 4:ij--j "^K^3" //o. /9 /?/i//f:/f MAP or Old Mi DDLEiSEix Village.. Drawn in >9ii, I3v Mom. Saml.P Haoley. •ScAUE-or rLE-T THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION 273 t; u (LI u e^ ,l J2 o u e O 2 Hi O >^ ^ E CI c Si qoBa JO [ ] aq^ JO saud aqj, [papjAojd] s^ajjaeja JO joqoin^ saSBM JO ^niB ajoqAV aqj^ siAjog ni araij sioqAi aqj] jtBp jad sa[tcti OS »B anibq njn^aj o; s/Cbq ainoq mojj aoaB-jeiQ -d CD O O CO CD CO CO lO «D CD CD CD CO «D CO " t>-' 1^ t^ !>-■ t>^ t^ t-J t--^ t^" r^ fj t^ ivj t^' fj c«i o" o o o o o o o o o o" o o o o c rn^^ ° OOOOOOOOOO aJoajiLiaiaJnajajoaiDajaj CCCCCCCCCCCdCC oooooooooooooo •OOOOOT)HOOrJiOOQOOOTt*OOTt<00 mcOOGO>0(NU300a6ti)iOo6iCa) 1— I rH ,—1 ,— I i'^'^'-* <^ r-i 1:0 c^ c0 CO iC CD CD CD CO CO CO CO CO CO CO oooooooooooooo aSjBqosip JO aintx stAjag aqi ui aniij, amoq mojj auTqojeni JO amix q^uoni jad Abj ^SS22'^ooocooooo 2SSSpQ=='Oooooooo 05 >r o> o o^a^ o -M *^0 >.n'"5^ '«^'t^M §-n| ;5 = .> E.> E 8-S'd ^ E CL> Qi -0 oj '='.t; d^ dJU >,X) '^ "^.t;ld 2^ >^k >< u, S-^iw u, H >.- 2 iM-d t^ _d rf" iJ 'So's^'H ourgoin dred& A^e of t [le Subs r--^ ^ G +J .fe ^ 0) 3 U5 ., j^x: w-i^ ^S H cf^:^ ^ 0} S^ « aj2 ==* ^ WU a> en j-> d ' — 7 10 a; iX j= ^ H TtH ^ 00 > t^ 1— 1 xrt ■^ Q) J3 CO > <> >, U u 01 < 3 w J2 <1) li, w •0 u aJ s U g^ 274 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Chelmsford names on A descriptive list of the Second Division of six months men marched from Springfield under the Care of Capt Phinehas Parker July 2' 1780. Names Age Stature Complexion Town County Arrived at Springfield Timo Farrow 20 5. 9 Light Chelmsford Middlesex July 2nd William Adams 18 5. 7 do do do do Benj Howard 20 5. 8 do do do do Oliver Perham 17 5. 9 do do do do James Marshall 20 5. 9 do do do do Jacob Marshall 20 5. 9 do do do do Lemuel Barrett 17 5. 3 do do do do Samuel Lancey 20 5. 9 do do do do Phinehas Kidder 23 5. 9 Dark do do July 7 David Walker 23 6. 3 do do do July 2 Silas Parker 20 6. do do do do Oliver Core 23 5.11 do do do do John McKlenne 28 5. 5 do do do do Ephraim Pierce 18 5.10 do do do do Supply Reed 25 5.6 Light do do July 9th 1780 [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 35, pp. 183, 188b, 192.] William Adams was out in the army at West Point, and saw the execution of Major Andre. In some instances the same men served at different times in two or more companies. A brother would relieve a soldier in camp at Cambridge and the latter would return home for a short period to help in farm work. "The minute men, determined as they were and actuated by intense patriotism, came and went according to their own estimate of the relative importance of their agricultural and military duties." [F.V.Greene.] The following affidavit, made by William Adams, of Chelms- ford, is found among the Revolutionary papers of the Massa- chusetts Archives (LV., File li. No. 1) in the volume marked on the back "Worcester Rolls Parcels 2nd. & Mixed Rolls Vol 2." * * * Pomp Phillis, one of the privates, was a negro; then aU colors, red, white or black, were warmly welcomed by the patriots. "William Adams of Chelmsford in the County of Middlesex and Commonwealth of Massachusetts, in the seventy-ninth year of my age, do testify and say that I rendered service in the Revolutionary War, that I now receive a Pension for services thus rendered; That in the first part of the Simimer of 1778 I enlisted and went to West Point, the Company that I belonged to was Capt. Asa Lawrence Company of Groton, the regiment was commanded by Col. Poor of Andover or Methuen, some part of our service was rendered at White Plains and Peekskill, THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION 275 this was an eight monthes service, we received our Discharges in the month of February, 1779. the Company was commanded principally by the first Leutenant John Flint of Tukesbury, this Company was made up of men from Groton Chelmsford Bilerica Tukesbury, and other Towns in this vicinity, and I further testify that I have carefully examined the Role of Capt. Asa Lawrence Company hereto attached and the principle part of the names bom on this Roll are familiar to me, and many of the mens names, born on this Rolle are persons which I am certain were with me in the eight monthes service as above described, and I have no doubt but what it is an original Roll of the Company which I rendered service in as above described, Wm. Adams [ wafer ] Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Middlesex ss. . Chelmsford April 23 = 1841 = then Personally appeared the above named William Adams, well known to me to be a person of sound mind, and veracity, made Oath that the above affidavit by him subscribed is true. Before Me Benjn. Adams Justice of the Peace" [Groton in the Revolution, pages 24-5.] Cato Abbott was a slave belonging to Dr. Nehemiah Abbott. He died in 1818, aged about 80. See his record in next chapter. "Barzillai Lew, the son of Primus, was a negro and belonged to a well-known colored family of that day, somewhat noted for their musical attainments." [Three Military Diaries, Green.] Some of his descendants still live in Dracut and Lowell. In 1760 he was in Farrington's Company of Groton, (given as born there), for the total reduction of Canada. 1777, August 15, the company of Colonel Stephen Russell of Dracut rendezvoused at Chelmsford. In 1780 a fine of £150 was imposed on drafted men able to pay it, who should fail to pass muster or hire an able-bodied man in his stead. The fine to be paid within twenty-four hours or be collected by levy or warrant of distress. The following resolve passed by the General Court, December 2, 1780, explains itself, and to some extent the succeeding documents relating to "Classes." "A bounty of $50 for each man enlisted and passing muster was promised to every town or plantation which should fill up its quota on or before Jan. 1. 1781." CLASSES OF SOLDIERS. December 2, 1780, the General Court Resolved, That the several towns and plantations within this Commonwealth be, and hereby are authorized to agree (if they think fit) upon classing 276 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD the inhabitants thereof at a legal town-meeting called for that purpose, in order to procure their proportion of soldiers to serve in the Continental army, for three years or during the war: And in all towns and plantations where the mode of classing shall be adopted, the selectmen of such towns, and the assessors of such plantations, or such committee as the town or plantation shall appoint for that purpose, shall divide all the inhabitants thereof, with others who were assessed in the hard-money-tax, into as many classes as according to the annexed schedule, there are men required of such town or plantation, in proportion to their several taxes, intermixing poor with the rich, so as to make the several classes as nearly equal in property and in number of polls as may be with convenience; and each of said classes shall, on or before the twentieth day of January next, procure a good able- bodied effective soldier to serve in the Continental army three years or during the war, unless such town or plantation shall in some other way procure the whole nirmber of soldiers to be by them raised: And that in case any one or more of said classes shall neglect or refuse to procure the soldiers assigned them, within the limited time aforesaid, such town or plantation is hereby empowered and directed to procure such soldier for each class so neglecting of such town or plantation, and the assessors shall assess said classes, or the several neglecting individuals thereof, in the same proportion they were severally assessed in the hard- money-tax, the full value of the sum which shall be expended in procuring said soldier, with an additional sum not exceeding double the sum advanced to procure the said soldier, as the said town shall determine; and the several collectors of such towns or plantations are hereby authorized and required to collect said assessments in the same manner as they are directed by law to collect town taxes, and pay in the same according to the direction contained in the warrant which they may receive from the select- men or assessors of such towns or plantations for the purpose of collecting said assessments; and the said selectmen or assessors are hereby authorized to grant such warrants, agreeable to the form by law prescribed for collecting town taxes, mutatis mutandis. Chelmsford November 26, 1781 The following is a List of the Names of the parsons which are Classed together to precure one Good Able Bodyed Man to go into the Contanental Armey for three years or Dureing the present wor which is by ordor of the Authority of the Common- welth of the Massachusetts and the Stun sett against Each parsons Name is their Equal part of the first payment which is £45 this Tax Being made agreable to the Hard Money Tax Benjn. Spaulding £3: 10 Benjn. Chamberlin 3:12 James Haywood 3: 16 Jonathon Adams 3:12 Samll. Adams ashbornham 3: 2 1:3 0:0 6:0 11:2 3:3 THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION 277 Abnor Herick £0: 13 : 0:3 Oliver Peirce 2: 0: 4:2 Zebadiah Roggers Billirace 1: 8: 0:0 JohnGlode 0:13: 0:0 Ebenezer Sheed 1: 0: 0:3 Agt. Wm. Bridge 0: 19: 3:0 Thomas Adams 0: 19: 0:1 Jonathon Richardson 0: 17: 0:3 WilHam PhiHps 1: 4: 0:0 Samuell ChamberHn 0:13: 0:0 Jesse Haywood 0:13: 0:0 Sargt. Parker Emerson 0:17: 0:3 Sargt. Pattrick Fleming 0: 13: 0: David Walker 0:13: 0:0 JohnBetteys 0:15: 4:0 Timothy Manning 2: 0: 3:0 William Parker . 1 : 6: 2:1 Widw. Sarah Parker 3: 17: 6:3 Josiah Blood 0: 13: 0:0 Elnathon Sherwin 1: 6: 0:0 Mary Adams 1 : 2: 1:0 Henry Blazdell 0: 13: 0:3 William Betteys 0: 13: 0:0 John Keys 0: 13: 0:0 Saml. Lovkin 0: 13: 0:0 David Danf orth on the Estate of John Bolen Esqr. 1 : 5 : 2:0 Henry Richardson 1 : 1 : 0:0 Samll. Butterfield 1: 2: 0:1 [C. 0. Robbins Papers.] Another list of the same names has somewhat smaller amounts set against them, and the amounts which some are "to receive back." This list is among the Ford Papers. Oliver Richarsdon, one man. Stephen Peirce, one man. Samson Stoddard & Vryling Stoddard, one man. Benj Melven one man Benj Spaulding & Josiah Richardson, one man. Stephen Spaulding & Abijah Spaulding, one man John Dunn & Benj Gould, one man Jonathan Manning & Timothy Manning, one man. Daniel Stevens & Silas Coburn and Timothy Path, one man. Philiap Parker one man Thomas Marshall & Samuel Marshall one man Joseph Moor one man Samuel Fletcher and Jonas Pierce, one man Timothy Clark and Samuel Howard, one man 278 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD CLACES NAMES & SUMES. Benjamin Spaulding £2:15: 5:0 Benjamin Chamberlin 2: 17: 6:2 James Haywood 3: 0: 5:0 Jonathon Adams 2:17: 8:0 Samuell Adams Ashbornham *2: 9: 4:0 Abnor Herick 0: 10: 11 : Olever Peirce 1 : 14: 2:0 Zabadiah Roggers Billireca 1: 2: 6:0 John Glode 0: 10: 2:0 Ebenezer Sheed 0: 16: 4:0 Agt. Wm. Bridge 0: 15: 6:2 Thomas Adams 0:15: 3:0 Jonathon Richardson 0:13: 6:0 William philips 0: 18: 5:0 Samuel Chamberlin 0: 10: 2:0 Jesse Haywood 0: 10: 2:0 Sargt. parker Emerson 0:13: 6:0 Sargt. pattrick Fleming 0: 10: 2:0 David Walker 0:10: 2:0 John Bettyes 0:11: 6:2 Timothy Manning 1 : 12: 10: 2 Wm. parker 1: 1:6:2 widw. Sarah parker 3: 2: 4:2 Josiah Blood 0: 10: 2:0 Elnathan Sherwin 1 : 0: 4:0 Mary Adams 0: 17: 8:0 Henry Blazdell 0: 10: 4:0 Wm. Betteys 0:10: 2:0 John Keys 0:10: 2:0 Samll. Lufkin 0: 10: 2:0 Henry Richardson Westford 0: 16: 10: Samuel Butterfield 0:17: 4:0 David Danforth on the Estate of 1 John Bolen Esqr of Boston Decest j 1: 0: 0:0 38: 0: 5:0 Chelmsford March 23, 1784. At a meeting of a Class whareof Mr. Benjamin Spaulding & Mr. Wm. parker are a Committee 1st ly. it was Voted that Mr. Benjn. Spaulding be a moderator to govern Sd. meeting & John Betteys Clerk to record the votes passed at Sd. meeting 2d. ly Voted that Mr. David Walker pay his Class Rate for the year he was in the Contanental Sarvis 3d. ly Vcted not to pay Mr. Jonathon Stratton the four pounds which He forfated by not being in the Contanental Sarvis at the Time he agreed to which Money the Class Gave to Mr. David THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION 279 Walker whome Mr. Stratton agreed to Sattisfy for what time He Remained in Sarvis after the first of January 1783 that The Class be at no Cost in Consequence of his not marching upon His Receaveing his money 4th. ly Voted that Mr. Benjamin Spaulding and Mr. William parker Be Defended (as a Committee.) By the Class from all Charges that Shall arise in Consequence of not paying the four pounds to mr. Jonathan Stratton, which Sinn was paid to mr. Walker to Sattisfy Him for the time he remained in Sarvis after the Class had ingaged Mr. Stratton. 5th. ly Voted to Chuse a Committee to Visit Mr. Jonathan Stratton and informe him of the proceedings of the Class, and Demand the Obligations which the Classes Committee have given him which obligations are Sattisfyed according to agreement 6th. ly Voted that this Committee Concest of three parsons. 7th. ly Voted that Mr. Benjamin Chamberlin be one of this Committee. 8th ly Voted that Mr. William Bridge be one of this Committee. 9th. ly Voted that John Betteys be one of this Committee. lOthly Voted that this meeting be adjumed to the first Monday in April next at 6 oClock in the afternoon Benja. Spaulding — Moderator John Betteys Cler. of Sd. Meeting. At a meeting of the within Class upon an adjurnment as within to April 5: — it was 1st. ly Voted that the within Committee Viz Mrsseres Benjn. Chamberlin Wm. Bridge and John Betteys be a Cummittie to act as they may think proper and go into what meathods they may think proper in order to make a final Settlemen with Mr. Jonathan Stratton 2dly Voted that the Class Defend the above Commettie from all Cost and Charges that Shall arise in Consequence of any Lawfull preceeding in Makeing a vSettlement with Jonathan Stratton John Betteys Clar. BOND. Know all men by these presents that We, phinehas Cham- berlin, Blacksmith, Jacob Reed, yeoman, James Wheeler, yeoman, Benjn. procter, yeoman, Elijah procter. Gentleman, Andrew Betteys, yeoman, Timothy Hildreth, yeoman, peter procter, yeoman, John Reed, yeoman, Hugh Cargill, Cordwiner, John Harwood, yeoman, John Mansfield, yeoman, James Hall, Black- smith, and William Foster, yeoman, all of Chelmsford in the County of middlesex and commonwealth of the Massachusetts in New England, are holden and stand firmly Bound and obliged to Isaac Barrot, Laborer, of said Chelmsford in the full and Just Sum of four hundred Spannish milled Dollars to be paid to him 280 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD the sd Isaac Barrot his Executors, administrators or assignes, to the which payment well and truly to be made we bind our selves and each of our executers, administrators and assignes firmly by These presents, sealed with our seals. Dated this twenty- eighth Day of May, one thousand seven hundred eighty one and in the fifth year of the Independence of the United States of amaraca — The condition of the present obligation is such that we the above bounden phinehas Chamberlin, Jacob Reed, James Wheeler, Benjn. procter, Elijah procter, andrew Betteys, Timothy Hildreth, peter procter, John Reed, Hugh Cargill, John Harwood, John Mansfield, James Hall, William Foster, have agreed with the above named Isaac Barrot for fifteen head of young Chattels for his going into the sarvice of the United States of amaraca for the tarme of three years (unless suner Regulerly Discharged) for the Clace that the above named men Compose, Sd Chattels to be Delivered to the sd Isaac Barrot in the manner following that is to say if the sd Isaac Barrot Shall Be Regularly Discharged at the End of two years from the Above Date he Shall Receve sd Chattels at two years old and if not Discharged till sd tarme is out he Shall Receive sd Chatties at Three years old all Being Calved in the Spring Season of the year one thousand seven hundred and Eighty-one and to be of a full midling Size part Stears and part heffers to be Delivered on the twentyeth Day of may whether at two or three years old Each one his preportinable part to the sd Isaac Barrot his heirs Executers adminestrators or assigns then the above writen oblegation to be Voide and of none effect or Else to be and Remain in full force Strength and Virtue. Phinehas Chamberlen (seal) Signed Sealed and Delivered in presents of us John Betteys John Spolding Oliver Barrott Jacob Reed (seal) James Wheeler (seal) Benjn. procter (seal) Elijah procter (seal) his William Foster (seal) Andrew X Betteys (seal) mark peter procter (seal) Hugh Cargill (seal) John Harwood (seal) [CO. Robbins papers. Timothy Hildreth (seal) The soldiers who fought in the Revolution had to foot it home if they survived the British bullets and the diseases which killed many of them. They were a miserable lot. They had to beg food and sleep where they could. They dragged themselves home. Dr. Marshall, who lived in the present residence of Mr. C. W. Byam, came home one day in December, 1776, and said he did not like the smell in the house, and asked if any soldiers had been there. The answer was that one had stopped there. The doctor's fears were realized. His wife and two children died of the small-pox; the soldier also died of the same disease. Mrs. Marshall was a lovely woman, and the doctor was broken- hearted. THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION 281 ITEMS FROM THE TOWN ACCOUNTS. 1774. For one barrel of powder for the Toun's use £ 4: 0:0:0 1775. To. Capt. Oliver Barron for the expense of the Com- mittee of Correspondence £ : 4 :8 :0 Joseph Warren for time about getting powder for theToun 0: 2:0:0 Joseph Warren for 56 pounds of lead and 200 flints 1 : :0 :0 Joseph Warren for running bullets : 3 :8 :0 John Minott for one day running bullets : 1 :9 :0 1777. January 25, to Captain Samuel Stevens for 2 half barrels of gunpowder for the Toun's use £35 : 7 :0 :0 1778. To Mr. Samuel Perham for nine fire-arms 33 :15 :0 :0 250 pounds of lead 10: 1 :3 :0 8 gunlocks and 184 flints 7:14:9:0 Going to Concord and purchasing the above articles :15 :0 :0 Captain Samuel Stevens and Lieutenant Benjamin Fletcher were paid for journeys to Concord transporting clothing for the soldiers, £1:10:0 a trip. 1779. The selectmen paid bounty and billeting money "to the soldiers gone into the Army" £ 450: 5:0 Also Bounty to Eleven men "raised to join General Washington" ($1,100) £ 330: 0:0 Also Bounty to three men to go to Rhode Island 90 : :0 1780. November 6, $36,720, was voted by the Toun, to be paid instead of the beef required by the State for the Army. Paid billeting money to the three months men £ 900 : :0 Paid billeting money to the Continental men 480 : :0 Price of the horses provided "for the yuce of the Army" 3340: 0:0 For one blanket provided for the soldiers 90 : :0 For "another blanquet" 45: 0:0 1780. November 6. To Mr. Samuel Howard for time spent and expenses in driving sheep to Boston to relieve the inhabitants of that Town 30: 0:0 To Capt. Samuel Stevens for time spent and expenses in driving sheep and cattle to Boston to relieve the inhabitants of that town when in distress ... 30 : :0 282 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Besides the ordinary expenses of the Town there "* £ 2541 : 7 :7 :0 was raised by taxation in Cheknsford in 1780 for hiring men to go into the service of the \ 2061:12:5:0 United States on one assessment. A war- rant being given to each Constable On another For beef which the General Court required to be procured for the Army 24017: 7:0:0 15982:13:0:0 6017:13:3:0 4998: 6:9:0 The ordinary taxes were: three assessments for the State tax 1780. "To answer the State Treasurer's Warrant" Each assessment was divided between the north and south "ends" of the Town. . To defray the charges arising in the Toun in 1780 For the support of the Gospel ministry for 6 months For the support of the Gospel ministry for 6 months £ 5460 4448 11897 9473 152 122 £ 6657 5342 18270 11729 £ 1202 797 3240 1759 11:10:0 8: 2:0 0: 4:0 9: 8:0 3: 2:0 4:10:0 14: 7:0 5: 13: 7: 0: 0: 5: 14: 5:0 4:0 4:0 0:0 0:0 3:0 9:0 In 1777 a levy of 5,000 blankets for the army was ordered, of which this Town's proportion was 19. The next year the General Court ordered a levy of shirts, shoes and stockings for the army, of which Chelmsford's proportion was 47 shirts and the same nimiber of pairs of shoes and stockings. In 1780 another demand was made. Some items from the Town records are here given. 1781. For clothing for the soldiers £ For five blankets for the yuce of the army . For one horse for the yuce of the army .... " Wages and blankets for the soldiers .... To Major John Minot for his hiring men to go into the service in 1779 To John Byam, Jr., for going to Rhode Island as a soldier in 1780 For part of 100 bushels of Indian corn due Jacob Marshall for 6 months service in the army in 1780 In lieu of 20 bushels of Indian com and interest 11 months to Josiah Fletcher For 4 shirts for the yuce of the soldiers 505 0: 200 0: 911 0: 982 2: 768 7: 6 8,359 10: 2,379 14: 10 4: 2 6: 0:0 5: 2:0 1: 6:8 THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION 283 To William Bridge for conveying three horses to Concord, time and expenses, and buying one horse at Springfield in 1780 £ 0: 8:6 To the same for conveying Clothing for the Solgers to Concord in 1779 0: 18: 6 Grain and money for 9 months men in 1780 5,542: 2: The six months continental men and the three months militia to be paid their bounty in corn at sixty dollars per bushel with interest till paid. The sums were respec- tively \ 8,000: 0:0 / 40,000: 0:0 To Capt. Samuel Stevens, one journe}'- to Concord and horse and expenses to carry the clothing for the army 0: 6:0 To Benj. Spaulding for 1 day spent in notifying the Classes in this Town to procure the Continental men 0: 6:0 To Mr. John Minot to pay the 3 months men to go to North River and the five months men to go to Rhode Island 30: 0:0 To Lt. Daniel Proctor for one journey to Woburn and horse and expenses to pay money to the agent for beef 0: 6:0 Shirts and stockings for soldiers 4: 4:0 Shoes 2: 0: For 6 pairs of stockings which Mrs. Sarah Richardson provided for the soldiers 1:16:0 For 9 pairs shoes provided by Oliver Peirce Jr. and one pair for the poor 4: 6:0 For 13 shirts provided for the soldiers by Abel Adams 3: 18: 1782 Paid out of the Town's money granted in 1780 for beef and paying out to the soldiers and for horses for the yuce of the army, for clothing and other articles 61,832: 7: To Capt. Joseph Warren for beef for the army 45 : 0:0 For grain and money provided and paid to the 9 months men in 1780, in old Continental money 5,542 : 2:0 These are a few out of hundreds of items found on the records. The Town did wonderfully well in supplying men, money and provisions, paying bounties and providing for the families of her soldiers. Frequently the taxes of soldiers were abated, and constables were sometimes released from the obligation of paying into the Town Treasury taxes which were "not gittable." 1780 — December 27. Committee appointed to raise fifteen Continental men as required by the State. 284 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD The Town appropriated for beef for the Army, clothing and blankets, £27000:0:0. 1781. The six months Continental men and the three months Militia to be paid their bounty in corn at $60. per bushel, with interest till paid. The stims were respectively £8000. and £40,000. $1, new emission, equalled £12. old Continental money. The men who engaged for three years or during the war were each to receive twenty head of homed cattle. 1787. To Col. Simeon Spaulding for 55 days attendance at the Constitutional Convention at Cambridge and Boston and expenses, £990:0:0. In 1780-81 Chelmsford was called upon for 31 shirts, pairs of shoes and stockings, and 15 blankets for the Army. FROM THE SIXTH CENSUS OF THE UNITED STATES. Names of Pensioners for Revolutionary or Military Services. Chelmsford. Josiah Fletcher Samuel Davis Age. 81 75 Names of Heads of Families with whom Pensioners resided. June 1. 1840. Josiah Fletcher Samuel Davis Samuel Brown 75 Samuel Brown Samuel Parkhurst 81 Samuel Parkhurst Levi Proctor 73 Levi Proctor John Crosby Hezikiah Thorndike 80 86 John Crosby Hezekiah Thorndike William Adams 78 William Adams Martha Merrill 68 Charles A. Frost Amy Wibber Polly Pierce Rachel Dunn 89 83 80 Hugh Pettingill In the report of 1835 is the following: Amount of Allowance Pension began died Cato Abbott, private $96 Apr. 14, 1818. Nov. 16, 1819. [Church Record says, died 1818.] THE COLONEL S ORDER. Chelmsford 10th May 1777. Sir- Conformable to order wch I have received from General Warren, I call upon & require of you, that you strictly Examine, forth with, ye Company of Militia under your Command, and see how they are furnished with arms & ammunition and see whether any of yr men are deficient in any articles required by the Militia Act. & yt you take ye most Effectual measures without delay, to have them supplied, yt they may be ready to march on the Shortest notice — And that you make return to ine as soon as possible of ye State you find em in — And this because THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION 285 of Intelligence received, that our Enemies are determined to enslave us, if it Shall be in their power, & New England is fixed upon, as the particular Object of their revenge & present Campaign. Im yr. humble servt. [Adams Library.] Col. John Betteys, credited to Dracut, Private, Capt. Joseph Bradley Varnum's Co. Col. Mcintosh's Regt., Gen. Lovell's Brigade: enlisted July 29, 1778, discharged Sept. 11, 1778 service 1 mo. 18 days, at Rhode Island. He was born in Chelmsford, July 7, 1757, the son of Andrew and Mary Battles of Chelmsford. Col. Varnum's order book is among his papers in the possession of C. O. Robbins. His letter addressed to his father, Andrew, is here given. Honored Father and Mother: This comes with my Duty to you with my lov to Brother and all other inquireing friends we marchd. into Rhod island on Sundy last about alio Clock and we Remain on the island yet and I trust we shall as long as we please for contanental State Regts. melisha and Volentears are very numerous on the island and I hope we Shall Be abel to Giv you a better acount of them Be fore it Be long: but we have not had a Site at them yet I am well at present and have bean Ever sence I came from home tho I have nothing to lay on but the ground and the open heaven to Cover us but I am in hops we Shall fare Better be fore longe. Sir I want sum money for I am in the Camps — tell Lieut. Procter to Send me 80 [old] Dollers if he can and I will Sattisfy him when I com home. I Don't want no more Cloaths only a pare Shues and Capt foard is Coming you may Send By him or Soom trusty hand ; So no more from your Dutifull son, Compton Rhod island Jo. Betteys. Portsmouth Aug. 11. 1778. REPLY. Chelmsford August 18th. 1778 Louing Son I would in Form you that we are all well at present threw the goodness of god hoping these Lines will find you as they Leve us I Reed the Letters from you that you Sent By Capt Wright I woiild Be glad that you Would Rite to us the news as Sone as you Can for we want to hear them to know how you fare Doct. marShall Sent ten Dollars By mr. John Dun we have not got the Shoues But we will send them as Sone as we have any oppertunety mr James Haywoods folks are well So no more at present But we Remaine your Loving parrence Andrew Bettey To John Bettey in Capt Varnum Company att Rodiseland in Colo Mcingtuch The above and following letters are among the Robbins papers. 286 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD IN THE HAND OF JOHN BETTEYS "Camp on Rhodisland August 29-1778. Died in Battel John Heywood of Tuksbury. He was a Respectable youth, a good Solgear and Died Like a Hero Fiteing in Defence of his Ravished Cuntray; oh! may Each one of his fellow Solgears think upon him and as far as his Exampals was good may Thay patron after him and if thay are Called to meet the Enemy may thay Consider thir Caus is good, and under god may thay fight manfully knowing and considering Who is abel to Succor and presarve them." Besides the John Heywood in the list of Chapter V, there were six others of the same name, one of whom is given as of "Capt Benjamin Walker's Co., Col. Bridge's Regt.: order for advanced pay, signed by said Heywood and others, dated Cam- bridge, June 6, 1775." None of these is given as of Tewkesbury. The two here mentioned were probably the same. EXTRACTS FROM TWO LETTERS WRITTEN BY CHELMSFORD BOYS TO ONE OF THEIR COMRADS AT HOME. Camps longisland Red hook August ye 24th. 177G. Sir it is with the gratest pleasur I take this oppertunity to Rite to you to let you No that I am Well hoping these few lins Will find you in as good helth as they leave me at this time. I Would in form you that I Sent you a letter Dated July 21 Weather you have got it or no I have nothing more Strang to Rit to you more than I put in that Letter only there is more Ships Come in it is judged that there is about 200 — and 50 — or — 300 sail of the Kings troops lies Close by in plane sight of us and Can Come so near as to fire into our tents I am stashaned on a Little island about three miles to the South of New York a place Called Red hook and We Expect to have a battle Enny Day Whereas if We Should We Expect to be Kild or taken if We Dont beat them for there is no Room to Retreat for the Water is all Round us When the tid is up * * * I Remain your true friend and humble sarvant Nathaniel Foster. Mr To John Batteys att Chelmsford this With Cair and speed Absent friend I Now set Down with Plasure to write To Jnform you of my Wellfair, hoping these unworthy Lins will find you in good helth as they Leve me att this time. I Received your Letters Dated October 6 and Nov. 21, and was Exceeding glad to find you was well our Compy are all in good helth it is Exceeding helthy Jn the Camp thak god: and J hope will Remain So. J THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION 287 have No nuse to write to you att present only we Entend to Kill all the Enemy Before we come home if we Can for we have Amenison plenty we Draw Pees that will after Boild twenty foiir hours Do Excicution thirty Rods if they hit rite & J am sure we shall make the ships to hot for them when we give them a few Broad sides. * * * Remember My Love to all the prity girls. * * * Your humble sen^ent till Death. Jesse Heywood North Kingston Nov. 29. 1777. To Mr. John Betty in Chelmsford with Care ENLISTMENT AGREEMENTS. We the subscribers do hereby severally inlist ourselves into the service of the United Colonies of America to serve until the first day of April next if the service shall require it, and each of us do agree to furnish and carry with us into the service a good effective Fire Arm, and Blanket (also a good Bayonet and Catridge Pouch if possible), and we severally consent to be formed by such Persons as the General Court shall appoint, into a Company of Ninety men, including one Captain, Two Lieutenants, one ensign, four Sergeants, four Corporis, one Drummer & one fifer to be elected by the Companies and when formed we engage to March to headquarters of the American Army with the utmost Expedition and to be under the Command of such Field officers as the General Court shall appoint, and we further agree during the time aforesaid to be subject to such generals as are or shall be appointed and to be under such Regulations in every respect as are provided for the Army aforesaid. Dated this 29th day of January A D 1776. John Adams his Joseph X Barrett mark Samuel Willson Jesse Spaulding Daniel Proctor Joseph Adams Jr his Benj. X Chambling mark Jonas Marshall Roger Toothaker Samson Cobum [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 55, p. 53. Also Miss H. M. Spalding.] 288 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD We the Subscribers do hereby severally inlist Ourselves into the Service of the United Colonies of America, to serve until the first Day of April next, if the Service Shall require it; and each of us do engage to furnish and carry with us into the Service, a good effective Fire Arm, and Blanket, (also a good Bayonet and Cartridge Pouch, if possible.) And we severally consent to be formed by such Person as the General Court shall appoint, into a Company of Ninety Men, including one Captain, two Lieu- tenants, one Ensign, four Sergeants, four Corporals, one Drummer, and one Fifer, to be elected by the Companies; and when formed, we engage to march to Head-Quarters of the American Army, with the utmost Expedition, and to be under the Command of such Field Ofhcer or Officers as the General Court shall appoint. — And we further agree, during the Time aforesaid, to be subject to such Generals as are or shall be appointed; and to be under such Regulations, in every Respect, as are provided for the Army aforesaid. Dated this Day of January the 29 A. D. 1776. Samuel Perham Junr, Jonathan Stevens, Joseph Spaulding, Samuel Twiss, Uriah Keyes, John Mears, William Fletcher, Stephen Peirce the (?), Sherebijah Fletcher, Jonas Spaulding, Oliver Rjchardson, Ebenezer Goold, Isaiah foster, Jephthae Spaulding, Charles fletcher, John Spaulding, William Peirce. [Original in the possession of Miss H. M. Spalding.] The following are among the Ford papers : Names on an Enlistment paper dated 1776. Uriah Griffin, John Heywood, Jonathan Shed, James Heazel- tine, John Hunt, Jsrael Hunt, Jonathan Hunt, Eliphalet Manning, Hezekiah Thomdike, Daniel Glood, James Annas, James- Bailey, Jeremiah Morrill, Benj farley, T Bakewell. These names are attached to Receipts for pay or pay orders. Saml Heald, B Barron, Saml Ellinwood, Edw Butman, Bengam Didson, Benj Butterfield, John Green, Parker Emerson, John Taylor, Jr., Jesse Heywood, Wm Blazdell, Jr., C. Pollard, John McCluer, Thomas Mclaney, Oliver Farwell, John Partherch, Daniel How, Wm Peirce, Benj Lane, Samuel Moor, John Stark, Jonathan Stark, James Vose, James Nober or Noble, Moses Barker, Jr., Eleazer Farwell, Benj Heywood, Thomas Hoadley. The following documents are among the Ford papers : These men received Cartridge Boxes: Lt. Perham, John Mears, Joseph Ingles, Gershom Proctor, Samuel Twist, John Winning, Aaron Farmer, Saml Fletcher, Caleb Colburn, Daniel Gload, Nat Richardson, Joseph Wilson, Josiah Danforth, Jonathan Hunt, John Merre, Moses Hardee, Jonathn Shed, Nicholas Sprake, Willard Hall, Simon Hide, Ezekiel Andress, Joseph Berret, Jesse Spaulding, Stephn Pierce, Jonas Spaulding, Wm. Abbot, John Sprake, Daniel Sillaway, Benj Bream (or THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION 289 Byam?), James Reed, Oliver Richardson, Daniel Abbott, John Wright, Joshua Jones, Beni Chamberling, James Annes, Barzillar Lew, Solomon Abbot, Learnard Willson, John Cathorn, David Lane. Cambridge, Jan. 1, 1776. Twenty-one men, names under-mentioned, returned each man a cartridge box into the ordnance stores. Moses Barker Benj Parker John Keyes Benj Farley Berzellai Lew Enoch Cleauland John Bates Benj. Butterfild Reuben Porter Oliver Corey Samuel Briton Samul Marshall William Ramstead Joseph Chambers Alexander Davidson Nathanil Hunt John Chambers Isaac Barret Parker Emerson James Chambers Samuel Hayward All these names are on Capt. Ford's Rolls except Isaac Barret. RECEIPT. Camp at Cambridge June 27, 1775. Received of Eben Bridge Fifteen Pounds in Province Notes for my Company £15 John Ford. ORDER. Cambridge, May 17, 1775. Parole, Ethan; Countersign, Allen; officer of the Day, Col. William Henshaw; Field officer for the Picket gard, Lt. Col. Bond's. Field officer for the main gard tomorrow, Col. Scammons; Field officer for Treatage tomorrow, Lt. Col. Whitney; agitant of the Day, Gager. Otherwise as usual. CERTIFICATE. Hospital, Cambridge, May 13, 1775 Sir — Having examined William Parker Junr. of your regiment, who was kicked by a horse some time ago, he is, in my opinion, absolutely unfit for service at present, and should he continue in the army it would greatly endanger his life, without the least prospect of his doing any good. Isaac Foster, Jun. Surgeon. 290 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD colonel's orders. To Col. Eben'r Bridge To Capt. Ford — Sir: I expect to-morrow morning by sunrise you will not fail of parading every one of your men on the common parade and leave none in the barracks, except those that are really unfit for duty. John Robinson, Col. Cambridge, March 9th, 1776 Capt John Ford Sir your AUarm Post or Place of Pradue on an AUarm is at the Meeting House in Chelmsford & you will Direct your Company accordingly the meathord or mod of making an alarm I submit to you Yours to serve. April the 29 1777. Simeon Spaulding, Con'l. SALE OF JOHN BATES' EFFECTS. Cambridge Dec. 7 1775 This day sold by order of Capt Ford the things and wearing apparill of John Bates who died at Cambridge Dec. 5, 1775 Whereof Lt. Isaac Parker was Vendue master old tenor £. s. d William Campbell a pare of stokens 0. 15. Samuel Hayward a shirt fine 4. 8. " " a piece of cloth velvet 4. 17. Elijah Heasiltine a tow sheet 1. 16. " " a pare of old Britches 1. 17. Enoch Cleveland Dr to a hat 2. 0. William Campbell Dr to a pare of shoes 1. 15. " " " " " old shoes 0. 6. John Keyes Dr to a pare of stokens 0. 5. Benj Pierce Dr to an old coat 1. 1.0 Capt Ford Dr to the Coat Found by the Government . . 7. 17. Benj Pierce to an old wescot 0. 15. [Ford Papers.] 27. 8. PRINTED RESOLVE. IN PROVINCIAL CONGRESS, AT WATERTOWN, APRIL 23, 1775: — Resolved, That the following Establishment of Forces now immediately to be raised for the Recovery and Preservation of our undoubted rights and liberties be as follows, Viz. THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION 291 To each Col. of a Regiment of 598 men £15. 0. To 1 Lieut. Col. of such a regiment 12. 0. To 1 Major " " " " 10. 0. For a Capt. of 59 men, including officers 6. 0. For 1 Lieutenant of such a company 4. 0. For 1 Ensign ditto 3. 0. For 1 Adjutant for such Regiment 5. 10. For 1 Quartermaster ditto 3. 0. For 1 Chaplain ditto 6. 0. For 1 Chirurgeon ditto 7. 10. For 1 Surgeon's Mate ditto 4. 0. For Each Sergent 2. 8. For Each Corporal 2. 4. For '• Fifer 2. 4. For " Private Centinel 2. 0. Resolved, That besides the above, a coat for a uniform be given to each of the non-commission officers and privates, so soon as the state of the Province will admit of it. Also, Resolved, That the selectmen of the several towns and districts within this Colony be desired to furnish the soldiers who shall enlist from their respective towns and districts with good and sufficient blankets, and render their accounts to the committee of supplies who are hereby directed to draw on the colony treasurer for payment of the same Joseph Warren, Pres. P. T. RECEIPTS. Chehnsford, March 17, 1777. Capt. Ford: Sir — Pleas to Deliver the Barer of this order all the wages dew me and Reers of all kind and this shall be your final discharge Per me Jesse Heywood. Chelmsford January ye 12 1779 This Day Rec'd of Capt John Ford the sum of Eight Pounds, sixteen ShilHngs in full of what was my Due upon the sd. Capt Ford's musterroal for servis on the Alarram in the year 1777 at the time of the surrender of Burgones army. J say Reed by me Oliver Barron. 292 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Some extracts from Captain Ford's order-book at Ticonderoga have been printed in Brown's "Beside Old Hearthstones," which give regimental orders, parole and counter-sign, the finding of courts-marshal, punishments inflicted on disorderly soldiers, and so forth. Some received 39 lashes on the bare back. One was sentenced to be tied naked to the post for five minutes at the head of the regiment. One, besides receiving 39 lashes, was to wear a withe on his neck for 14 days "for a mark of Ignominion," and if seen without it, he was to receive 100 lashes with the cat o'nine tails. Green, in "Three Diaries," gives an instance in 1745 of a soldier who, for disrespect to an officer, was condemned to "ride the rickets for an hour." As an illustration of one of the minor difficulties which beset the historian, it may be interesting to the reader to know that in the list of Soldiers in the War of the Revolution prepared by the State, there are fourteen Joseph Emersons, and none of them is credited to Chelmsford. Joseph Emerson of Chelmsford served in the latter part of the War, possibly earlier. The record given below puts him in Moore's Company, a Bedford company made up of men from the neighboring towns, as the most likely. One or more of the earlier records might belong to him. Emerson, Joseph. Sergeant, Capt. John Moore's Co., Col. Jonathan Reed's (1st) Regt. of guards; joined April 2, 1778; service to July 3, 1778, 3 mos., 2 days, guarding troops of convention at Cambridge; enlistment, 3 months from April 2, 1778. From the records in the Adjutant General's office it is learned that he was 1st Lieutenant in 1781, and Captain December 27, 1786. He resigned in 1789. The original document is preserved with many others at the State House. For one finding the record of an ancestor in the preceding list, it might be well to refer to the official volume, where possibly another record of earlier or later date might be given, but not credited to Chelmsford. In John Bridge's record he is given as of Walker's Company. His name is not on the rolls of that company, and he probably signed for some one else. He might have been "doing a turn" for another man. This was a common practice. Brother would relieve brother, father or son, and servant relieve master, when needed at home for a season, to attend to business or get in the crops. Chelmsford, Jan. 26, 1776. Received of Philip Parkis three pounds, twelve shillings, lawful money, in full for doing a turn for him in the continental army, this present year. Sylas Parker. Attested. — Francis Southack. [Ford Papers.] THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION 293 The following are among the Parker papers at the old home- stead on Pine street, Lowell; "Simon Parker and John Dutten march to Cambridge July ye 3, 1776 Paid thirteen Mileage to North riuer £71 : 10: Paid Seuen Men Millige to Rodeisland £11 : 17: 6 Paid Two Millige to Winter Hill 1: 3:0 Sum Total £84: 10: 6 The stmi of the Clo[thling is 282: 4: £366: 14:6 An agreement of Thorn Snydam to serve in the Continental service for the Town. Mustered in August 28, 1781, for the Class whereof Mr. Benj. Parker and others are members. Oliver Barron, Muster-master. Chelmsford August 28 1781 I the Subscriber haveing inlisted myself into the Continental Serves for the Term of three years. Do promise and Ingage to be under such Regulations as shall be provided from time to Time by the Commanding officer of the army of the Unitid States and to obey all my superior officers in sd army from Time to time as I shall have orders from them while in the Army of the United States of America. Thorn Snydam. A SUBSCRIPTION PAPER. We the Inhabitance of the town of Chelmsford taking into consideration the dificulties hardships which our Bretheren endure and undergo that are in the Service of the United States of America and in the Defence of the Rights and Priviliges of the People of said Stats, we being sensible that sundry articles being wanted by our Bretheren which are in servis Espeseally Shirts. & Shoes & Stockings therefore we the subscribers the inhabitants of the town of Chelmsford aforesaid being willing to contribute something to their Relif by way of subscription. We the subscribers do Promise and Ingage each one for ourselves to Provide the Artical which we shall subscrib and specify at the End of our names and also that we will procure the said articles as soon as Posabally can be with any convennantcy. men's nams shirts stockings shoes John Ford one Peare of Shous Wm Peirce one Peare of shous Simeon Moors one Peare of shurts Ebenezer Frost stockings one pair Oliver peirce iun one pare of shous 294 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD men's nams shirts stockings shoes — Continued Oliver peirce one par stockines John Purmort P. Underwood one Jonas Peirce one shirts Simeon Blodget one pair of shoes Jon'an Bickford one peair of stockings Josiah Foster one pr shoes Samuell Marshal one pair of stockings Sert. Robert Bates stockings one pair Benjamin Parker Shirt one Philip Parker stockings one pair Thomas Marshal shirt one Among the Parker papers are Shirley's Commission (dated July 29, 1754) to Benjamin Parker, Gentleman, to be 2d Lieutenant of the first foot Company in Chelmsford, of which Ebenezer Parker was Captain; also Harrison Gray's warrant to Benjamin Parker, Constable and Collector of Chelmsford, dated 28. October, 1765. TRADITION. There is a tradition that on the 19th of April, 1775, the men in the northern part of the Town assembled in a field opposite the old Parker place on Pine Street (Lowell), and from that place went on to join their comrades at the centre of the Town. August, 1778, six men were draughted from the Militia, to go to Rhode Island, viz. : — Oliver Bowers, John Dunn, Josiah Fletcher, Levi Fletcher, Jesse Haywood, Wm. Spalding. Dr. John Betty went as a volunteer, and was chosen Clerk of the company commanded by Joseph B. Varnum. The above were draughted for six weeks, were in an engagement on Rhode Island — in which from Capt. J. B. Vamum's company, one was killed, two wounded, one missing. 1779—16 men were engaged to go to Rhode Island for three months, viz.: — James Marshall, Simon Parker, Ashbel Spalding, Josiah Parkhurst, Benja. Butterfield, John Byam, Joseph Hay- wood, Luke Bowers, Joseph Chambers, Wm. Chambers, John Keys, Simeon vSpalding, Abel Chamberlin, Peter Farror. 1780 — The militia officers were empowered by the town to hire fifteen men for the continental service, and the selectmen in- structed to raise money and produce, to pay them for nine months' service; and, Phineas Kidder, Peter Farror, Jacob Marshall, Robert Spalding, Noah Foster, Henry Fletcher, Samuel Wilson, Jr., Pelatiah Adams, Thomas Hutchens, Jesse Stevens, John Keyes, Leonard Parker, Benja. Spalding, Joseph Warren, Jr., Robert Richardson, were engaged. [Allen, page 181.] THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION 296 Allen (page 66) says: 1777. "Thirty men were raised for the three years' service or during the war. The town agreed to give them £20 bounty per man, over and above what the continent and state offered. This bounty was in 1781, permuted for twenty heads of horn cattle, of a middling size, per man. If the war lasted but one year, they were to have their cattle at one year old ; if it continued two years, at two years old and so on in the same proportion. The scarcity of specie and the uncertain value of paper currency suggested various expedients for supplying the place of money, in carrying on the war. The bounty and wages in some instances were paid in corn, in others, in cattle. Another expedient was to supply the families of soldiers with the necessaries of life. To prevent exorbitant demands and charges for the articles thus furnished to the families of soldiers, a Committee was chosen to join with committees from the westerly part of the country, in order to regulate and fix the price of labor and of necessaries. Thus without money or with very little, the town paid the soldiers it furnished for the war ; and by such methods an arduous and expensive struggle for liberty was long maintained and finally brought to a successful close. A new levy was called for, partly to join Gen. Washington's army at North river, or Hudson, partly to go to Rhode Island. The requisition of eleven men for the continental service to the westward was for nine months, and that of three men for Rhode Island three months. The town gave at this time $100 bounty to each soldier. 1779. This year the town received a quantity of fire arms and steel from Government, which were sold at auction to the in- habitants of the town on condition that the fire arms should not be struck off at less than twenty-two dollars a piece, nor the steel at less than ten shillings per pound. The over plus after paying the first cost and expense of transportation was paid into the town treasury. 1780. Another requisition of fifteen men for Tyconderoga was made, to be enlisted for six months. These were engaged for a hundred bushels of corn per man as a bounty. The militia officers were empowered to hire and the selectmen to raise money and produce by which to pay them. A demand was made this year by the government, upon the respective towns in the Province for clothing to supply the army. The depreciation of paper money may be learned from the following items. A horse bought of Ephraim Spalding, Esq. for the army cost £911. A blanket £100. Col. Simeon Spalding's account for attendance and necessary expences fifty-five days at Cambridge in a convention for forming the Constitution was £990. And the Rev. Mr. Bridge's salary from September to March, eight months, was set at £3,600. In a resolve of the legislature of this province, passed June 22, 1780, each town was required to furnish a certain quota of beef, for the Continental army. The town voted to raise 30,720 dollars instead of the beef required. Voted also to raise 40,000 296 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD dollars to pay the six months' continental soldiers, and three months militia men, together with their bounty; for which the selectmen and militia officers had given their notes payable in com, at 50 dollars per bushel. It was also agreed that every dollar of the new emission should be equal to £12 in said taxes. The expenditures of the town this year for horses and supplies for the army, amounted to £61,832. 1784. The rapid depreciation of paper money, the little probability of its rising again, together with the inexplicable difficulties in which it involved the people, induced the Tov.-n to lay it aside and make their grants in specie. The expenditure for horses provided for the army this year was £3340. In obedience to a late Law or act of the great and General Court, or assembly of the State of Massachusetts Bay in New- England, relative to the afhxing of the prices of the necessaries of life, which are produced in America, we the Selectmen and the Committee of Correspondence, Inspection and safety of the town of Chelmsford met, considered and proceeded as follows: Rye, Good and merchantable 4s. 8d per £ S. D. Q. Bushel 4 8 Wheat, Do. 7s per Bushel 7 Com, Good merchantable Indian Corn, 3s. 8d pr. bush 3 8 Wool, Do. 2s. pr. lb 2 . Pork, Do. 4d: Iq. pr. lb 4 1 Salt Pork, in usual proportion the price of salt, good middlings at 8d. 2q. pr. lb 8 2 Beef, well fatted and grass fed, 3d per lb. . . . 3 Stall fed beef of the best quality, 4d per lb. . . 4 Hides, Raw Hides at 3d per lb 3 Calf-skins, Green at 6d. per lb 6 Cheese, New-milk 6d. other cheese according to its goodness 6 Butter, Good at 9d. per lb 9 Pease, Good at 7s. 4d. per bush 7 4 Beans, Good at 6s. per bush 6 Potatoes, In the fall Is. 2d 1 2 In the Spring Is. 6d 1 6 Stockings, Made of good yarn and well knit, (men's) 6 Shoes, men's, Made of neat's leather, common sort, 7 8 Women's Do 5 4 Oats, Good and merchantable 2s. per bushel . 2 Flax, Well drest and of a good quality Is. per lb. 1 Tallow, Good tried tallow 7d. 2q per. lb. . . . 7 2 Tow Cloth, 3-4 yd. wide Is. 9d 1 9 Veal, Good veal 3d. per lb 3 Mutton and Lamb, 3d. 2q. per lb 3 2 THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION 297 £ S. D. Q. Horse-keeping on English hay, Is. per night . . 1 Ox-keeping, a large yoke on English hay Is. 6d. do 1 6 Ox- work, For a large, good pair 2s. per day from the 1st of April till the last of Sept. . . 2 the other six months Is. 6d. pr. day 1 6 Men's Labor, In the 3 summer months for a faithful day's work 3s 3 From Nov. to April — Is. 6d. per day,. . . 16 The other 4 months 2s 2 Hay, English the best quality 3s 3 Shingles, per thousand 12s. 6d 12 6 Boards, at the Mill or landing £1 13s per thous. 1 13 Clapboards, Per. thousand £3 6s. 8d 3 6 8 Coal, Pine 3d. 2q. per Bush, at the Smith's Shop 3 2 Do. Maple and Birch at Do. 4d. per bush 4 Axes, Warranted by the smith 9 Do. New-laying and warranting 5s. 4d 5 4 Shoemaking, For one pair, the shoe-maker finding thread and wax and making them at his shop 3 2 Do. at the Farmer's house Salt, Good imported salt, lis. 8d 11 8 Tanning, Tanning hides 2d per lb. currying in proportion 2 Tobacco, Well made into rolls and of the best quality 8d 8 Spinning, Woolen warp, taking it home, 5d. per skein 5 Double Skein of Cotton warp, 5d. do 5 Spinning by the week from home 2s. 8d 2 8 Housework by the week 2s. lOd 2 10 Carpenters, Labor per day from 1st of Apr. 6 mo. & found 3 4 the other 6 months 2s. 6d 2 6 Wood, by the cord, oak wood corded up in the middle of the town, 8s 8 Horse-shoeing and steeling all round and well 6s 6 Horse-shoeing, plain without steeling 4s. lOd. 4 10 Malt, Rye Malt, 4s. 8d. per bushel 4 8 FHp, Made of W. India Rum, lOd. per mug . . 10 Do. of N. E. Rum, 8d. per do 8 Rum, W. I. for a gill in the Innkeeper's house . 4 N. E. do. do 3 Toddy, W. I. lOd. per Mug 10 Do. N. E. 8d. per mug 8 Chelmsford, May 1779. 298 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD CHELMSFORD GIVES ASYLUM TO PEOPLE FLEEING FROM BOSTON AND CHARLESTOWN. Charlestown stiff ered full as much as Boston during the siege. Hundreds of people from both towns were given passes, and removed to the country towns, which the Congress ordered to provide for these people according to their population. At first it was arranged that Chelmsford should have forty-nine of the inhabitants of Boston, who were removed from the besieged city. The nimiber of Boston people allotted to the different towns of the Commonwealth was 4,903. In the year 1776 the selectmen of Chelmsford, as required by the authorities at Boston, sent to the Secretary's office a list of the people of Boston and Charlestown who were resident in Chelmsford on the 20th of March in that year. There were one hundred and six of them. The Town Records do not give the names of these people. The writer has searched every likely place in Boston to find this list, but without success. A few names are given in the Town accounts, and Bridge's Diary gives some: Captain Symmes and family; Mrs. Blake, sister of Mr. Bridge; James Fitzgerald and wife, he a privateer and an Irish Roman Catholic. Bridge, in his diary, says that Fitzgerald's prosperity destroyed him. "Captain" Andrew Symmes is given as 2d Major in Col. Henry Bromfield's Boston Regiment of Massachusetts Militia; also as Major in command of a detachment from Lieut. Col. Jabez Hatch's Boston Regiment, and also as Lieutenant Colonel in the same regiment. The widow Mary Baker, a stranger, late of Boston, died at the house of Mr. Samuel Pitts, November 24, 1787. Items in the Town Records, Book I, page 350, show that William Perrin, James Perrin and family, and others came from Charlestown to Chelmsford. The State of Massachusetts paid for bringing their goods and supporting the Perrin family. In 1777 Joshua Snow received of the Town £1, for bringing a family of Boston people from Charlestown; paid by Captain Joseph Warren, whom the Town reimbursed. Henry Spaulding removed some of these people's goods from Charlestown ferry. William Parker, Jr., was paid for sundry articles delivered for their support. Widow Elizabeth Bryant and Widow Sarah Hicks and family were from Charlestown. The General Court, in the session of 1780-81, granted Billerica's petition to be allowed to remove Mrs. Hicks and her family, consisting of four persons, to Chelms- ford, and directed the selectmen here to provide for them agreeably to the acts of the Commonwealth. There are numerous items in the Town accounts of sums paid for the support of these women — doctoring, food and wearing apparel, and "digging grave for wido Hicks, 0: 3: 0: — " in THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION 299 1784. They lived for a time in the Widow Elizabeth Park- hurst's house. Nathaniel Coverly left Boston in 1775, and set up a printing press in the south part of Chelmsford. Some of the Pitts family came to Chelmsford from Boston at the time of the siege, and some of them went to Dunstable, from which town the Hon. John Pitts was several times sent as representative to the General Court. He married Mary, daughter of John Tyng, in 1779. John Pitts, son of Berwick, was bom in England, came to Boston in 1695, and married Elizabeth Lindall. Their daughter Sarah married William Stoddard, in 1721. Their son James, bom in 1712, married Elizabeth, daughter of James Bowdoin, afterwards Governor, and was a councillor, a patriot, and an antagonist of Governor Hutchinson, who, in his diary, July 1, 1774, says King George III asked him, "Who is Mr. Pitts?" when Hutchinson told the King he was one of the select few to whom Hutchinson's letters had been shown before publication. Of the sons of James, John married Mary Tyng; Lendall married Eliza- beth Fitch; and Samuel, bom 1745, married Joanna Davis. Samuel was a merchant of Boston, and, with his father, owned and sent merchantmen to the Bermudas. He was a Son of Liberty and one of the Boston Tea Party, as was his brother Lendall, who commanded the division of the Tea Party which boarded the brig, "Beaver." This fact had to be concealed, as his father and uncle Bowdoin were of the King's Council. The tradition is that the boys were sent away from Boston to get them into "a cooler atmosphere," or at least were induced to come to Chelmsford, where, according to the statement of Mrs. Luther Faulkner of Billerica (who was Martha Prescott Merriam of Chelmsford, and lived in what had been Colonel Stoddard's house), Samuel Prince, a nephew of Samuel Pitts, built what is known as "the Sam Davis house" in Worthen street, which, it has been generally supposed, was built by Davis, who was probably connected with the Pitts family, and followed the sea. It may have been that the young men were persuaded to come to Chelms- ford that they might be under the restraining influence of Colonel Stoddard and Parson Bridge. Samuel Pitts lived in the house which had been the home of Colonel Stoddard, which he found too small for his accommodation, and he bought the house built by the Rev. Hezekiah Packard, and lived there until his (Pitt's) death, in 1805. His sister Elizabeth married Robert Brinley of Tyngsborough. Nathaniel Brinley married Sarah Elizabeth Bridge. Daniel Goodwin, Jr., in his Memorial of the Pitts, says that after the Revolution Samuel Pitts came to Chelmsford and lived in luxury, devoted to domestic comfort and a noble hospi- tality. Copley painted his portrait. After the death of his wife, Joanna, he married her sister, Mrs. Mary Davis Carver. Bridge, in his diary, records a visit from Mr. Samuel Pitts, who had come with his family to live in the late Colonel Stoddard's house. 300 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Captain James Pitts, son of Samuel, bom in Boston in 1777, was educated for the Navy. He owned and sailed merchant vessels to the Bermudas. He married Rachel Hildrcth of Chelms- ford, in 1808, and lived here in the house which was the home of the late Joseph Read. He died December 19, 1843. Elizabeth W., daughter of Lendall Pitts, married Gerard Cazeaux, the French Consul to the United vStates. Thomas, son of Samuel, married Elizabeth Mountfort, both of Chelmsford, Nov. 9, 1802. They were the parents of Mrs. Mary A. P. Wheelock of Framingham, and of Mary Ann Warren, wife of Ezra Warren. Mary, daughter of Samuel of Chelmsford, married, in 1811, William Stoddard Bridge, of Chelmsford, (son of William, and grandson of the Rev. Ebenezer Bridge). Sarah Chardon, daughter of Samuel, married Noah Davis. Sarah Bridge married Jonathan Mountfort, Jr., in 1742. Col. Ebenezer Bridge married Mary Mountfort, in 1787. Thomas Pitts, says Mrs. Wheelock, held three commissions as Lieutenant and Captain in the War of 1812. "At the Battle of Lundy's Lane he commanded men enough to cover a mile of ground." When peace was declared, he removed from Chelmsford to Boston, and was in the State Bank for some years; was eight years an inspector of Customs. He died at Cambridge, in 1836, aged 57 years. For mention of the Pitts family, see Drake's "Tea Leaves," Goodwin's "Memorial," and "History for Ready Ref.," Vol. V, p. 3211. THE END OF THE WAR. The Revolutionary War came to an end when Comwallis surrendered at Yorktown, Va. He hoisted the white flag, October 17, 1781, four years after Burgoyne's surrender, and fonnally capitulated two days later, when his 8,000 men marched out to the tune "The World's Turned Upside Down." To Washington belongs the glory. m CHAPTER V. RECORDS OF CHELMSFORD MEN IN THE REVOLUTION. THE following lists have been compiled with great care, at the cost of much time and labor, and are, it is hoped, as nearly complete and correct as it is possible to make them. LIST OF CHELMSFORD SOLDIERS COMPILED FROM "MASSACHUSETTS SOLDIERS AND SAILORS OF THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR." Abbot, Cato, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. William H. Ballard's Co., Col. Brook's Regt.; Continental Army pay accounts for service from March 26, 1777, to Dec. 31, 1779; enlistment, 3 years; reported transferred to Capt. Day's Co., Oct. 31 (?); also, muster roll of Capt. Luke Day's Co., for March and April, 1779, dated Cherry Valley. Abbot, Daniel. Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Robinson's Regt.; receipt for wages from Feb. 5 to April 1, 1776, dated Chelmsford. Abbot, Solomon. Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Robinson's Regt.; receipt for wages from Feb. 5, 1776 to April 1, 1776, dated Chelmsford. Abbot, William, Chelmsford. Private, Col. Moses Parker's Co., commanded by Lieut. Benjamin Walker, which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 16 days. Abbott, Jeremiah, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Oliver Barron's Co., Col. David Green's Regt., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 5 days. Abbott, Josiah. Ensign, Col. Benjamin Tupper's (10th) Regt.; muster rolls of field and staff officers for services and subsistence from Oct. 1, 1781, to Jan. 1, 1783. Adams, Abel. 2d Lieut., Capt. Benjamin Fletcher's (1st) Co., 7th Middle- sex Co. Regt.; list of Massachusetts militia; commissioned July 6, 1780; also, Lieut., Capt. Asa Drury's Co., Col. Turner's Regt.; enlisted Aug. 1, 1781; discharged Dec. 1, 1781; service, 4 mos., 4 days, on an alarm at Rhode Island. Adams, David. Capt. John Ford's Co.; receipt for wages, etc., dated Ticon- deroga, Aug. 28, 1776; also, receipt dated Ticonderoga, Oct. 2, 1776. Adams, John, Chelmsford. Private, Col. Moses Parker's Co., commanded by Lieut. Benjamin Walker, which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 9 days; also, Capt. Benjamin Walker's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; receipt for advance pav dated Cambridge, June 24, 1775; also, muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; enlisted April 28, 1775; service, 3 mos., 11 days; also, company return (probably Oct., 1775); also, certi- ficate of non-receipt of bounty coat or its equivalent in money, dated Jan. 1, 1776; also, Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Robinson's Regt.; receipt for wages from Feb. 5, 1776, to April 1, 1776, dated Chelmsford; also, receipt for wages due Oct. 2, 1776, dated Ticonderoga; also. Corporal, Capt. Moses Barns's Co., Lieut. Col. Solomon Pierce's Regt.; enlisted May 17, 1779; discharged July 1, 1779; service, 1 mo., 14 days, on an alarm at Rhode Island; enlistment, 2 months. Adams, Joseph, Chelmsford. Capt. John Ford's (Volunteer) Co., Col. Jonathan Reed's Regt.; enlisted Sept. 27, 1777; discharged Nov. 8, 1777; service, 1 mo., 13 days; marched to reinforce Northern Army. 302 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Adams, Oliver, Chelmsford. List of men in Col. Baldwin's Res:t., May 1, 1775; also, Private, Capt. John Ford's (Volunteer) Co., Col. Jonathan Reed's Regt.; enlisted Sept. 27, 1777; discharged Oct. 20, 1777; service, 23 days; marched to reinforce Northern Army. Adams, Pelatiah, Bradford (also given Chelmsford). Private, Capt. William Hudson Ballard's Co., Col. John Brooks's (late Alden's) 7th Regt.; Continental Army pay accounts for service from March 25, 1777, to Nov. 11, 1778; reported killed Nov. 11, 1778. Adams, Robert, Chelmsford. Private, Col. Moses Parker's Co., commanded by Lieut. Benjamin Walker, which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 12 days. Adams, Salathiel, Chelmsford. List of men in Col. Loammi Baldwin's Regt., May 1, 1775. Adams, Samuel, Chelmsford. List of men in Col. Baldwin's Regt., May 1, 1775; also Private, Capt. John Ford's (Volunteer) Co., Col. Jonathan Reed's Regt.; enlisted Sept. 27, 1777; discharged Nov. 8, 1777; service, 1 mo., 13 days; marched to reinforce Northern Army. Adams, Samuel. Private, Capt. John Ford's (Volunteer) Co., Col. Jonathan Reed's Regt.; enlisted Sept. 27, 1777; discharged Nov. 8, 1777; service, 1 mo., 13 days; marched to reinforce Northern Army. Adams, Solomon, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. James Varnum's Co., Col. Michael Jackson's Regt.; Continental Army pay accounts for service from May 15, 1777, to Dec. 31, 1779; also. Continental Army pay ac- counts for service from Jan. 1, 1780, to May 15, 1780. Adams, Thomas, Chelmsford. Private, Col. Moses Parker's Co., commanded by Lieut. Benjamin Walker, which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 9 days; also, Capt. Benjamin Walker's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; receipt for advance pay dated Cambridge, June 24, 1775; also, company return (probably Oct., 1775); also, order for bounty coat or its equivalent in money, dated Cambridge, Dec. 25, 1775. Adams, Timothy, Chelmsford. List of men in Col. Baldwin's Regt., May 1, 1775. Adams, Timothy. Private, Capt. John Ford's (Volunteer) Co., Col. Jonathan Reed's Regt.; enlisted Sept. 27, 1777; discharged Nov. 8, 1777; service, 1 mo., 13 days; marched to reinforce Northern Army, Adams, Timothy, Chelmsford. Descriptive list of enlisted men; Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's Regt.; age, 18 yrs. ; stature, 5 ft., 6 in.; complexion, light; occupation, farmer; enlisted April 29, 1775; also. Private, Capt. Ford's Co., Col. Bridge's (27th) Regt.; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; enlisted April 29, 1775; service, 3 mos., 10 days; also, company return dated Sept. 25, 1775; also, Capt. John Ford's (Volunteer) Co., Col. Jonathan Reed's Regt.; enlisted Sept. 27, 1777; discharged Nov. 8, 1777; service, 1 mo., 13 days; marched to reinforce Northern Army; also, descriptive list of men enlisted from Middlesex Co. for the term of 9 months from the time of their arrival at Fishkill, June 19, 1778; Capt. Minot's Co., Col. Spaulding's Regt.; age, 20 yrs.; stature, 5 ft., 9 in.; also, list of 9 months men returned as received July 20, 1778, by Col. Rufus Putnam. Adams, William, Chelmsford. Descriptive list of men raised to reinforce Continental Army for the term of 6 months, agreeable to resolve of June 5, 1780; age, 18 yrs.; stature, 5 ft., 7 in.; complexion, light; arrived at Springfield, July 2, 1780; marched to camp July 2, 1780, under command of Capt. Phineas Parker; also, pay roll for 6 months men raised by the town of Chelmsford for service in the Continental Army during 1780; marched June 30, 1780; discharged Dec. 6, 1780; service, 5 mos., 17 days; company raised for service at North River, N. Y. Admos, William, Chelmsford. List of men raised for the 6 months' service and returned by Brig. Gen. Paterson as having passed muster, in a return dated Camp Totoway, Oct. 25, 1780. Alexander, James, Chelmsford. Descriptive list of enlisted men; Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; age, 26 yrs.; stature, 5 ft., 10 in.; complexion, dark; occupation, farmer; residence, Chelms- RECORDS OF CHELMSFORD MEN IN THE REVOLUTION 303 ford; enlisted April 28, 1775; enlisted in the train May 29, 1775; also, private, Capt. Ford's Co., Col. Bridge's Regt.; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; enlisted April 28, 1775; service, 1 mo., 3 days; also, Capt. John Popkin's Co., Col. Richard Gridley's (Artillery) Regt.; receipt for advance pav dated Winter Hill, July 14, 1775; also, Matross, muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; enlisted May 29, 1775; service, 2 mos., 8 days; also, company return dated Sept. 27, 1775. Andrews, Ezekiel. Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Robinson's Regt.; receipt for wages from Feb. 5 to April 1, 1776, dated Chelmsford. Annas, James. Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Robinson's Regt.; receipt for wages from Feb. 5 to April 1, 1775, dated Chelmsford. Ausgood, Benjamin, Chelmsford. Private, Col. Moses Parker's Co., com- manded by I-ieut. Benjamin Walker, which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 9 days. Ausgood, Joseph, Chelmsford. Private, Col. Moses Parker's Co., com- manded by Lieut. Benjamin Walker, which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 9 days. Austin, Jonathan W[illiams], Boston. Major, Col. Paul Dudley Sargent's (16th) Regt.; engaged April 20, 1775; roll made up to July 31, 1775; service, 3 mos., 18 days; also, list of field officers of the Continental Army stationed at Cambridge in 1776. [In the proceedings of the Mass. Hist. Soc'y, 1878, p. 350, is an extract from Gen. Greene's orderly book under date of May 10, 1776, from which it appears that Major Austin, with three Companies of Colonel Sargent's Regiment, was directed to take Castle Island to defend, and forward the work there. Another order, also, on the 12th.] Austin, Jonathan W. Volunteer, brig "Hazard," commanded by Capt. J. F. Williams; engaged Dec. 21, 1778; discharged April 21, 1779; service, 4 mos. Roll dated Boston. Bacon, John. Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Robinson's Regt.; receipt for wages for service from Feb. 5 to April 1, 1776, dated Chelmsford. Baker, John. Private; list of men returned as serving on picket guard under Maj. Loammi Baldwin, May 11, 1775; also, Capt. Jonas Hubbard's Co.; list of men returned as serving on picket guard under Maj. Baldwin, May 23, 1775. Bancroft, Jonathan, Chelmsford. Sergeant, Capt. John Ford's (Volunteer) Co., Col. Jonathan Reed's Regt.; enlisted Sept. 27, 1777; discharged Nov. 8, 1777; service, 1 mo., 13 days; marched Sept. 30, 1777, to reinforce Northern Army. Barker, Enoch, Chelmsford. List of enlisted men dated Lincoln, July 21, 1779; Capt. Ford's Co.; residence, Chelmsford; reported returned by Maj. Brown. Barker, Joseph, Chelmsford. Descriptive list of men enlisted from Middlesex Co., in 1779, to serve in the Continental Army; Capt. Ford's Co.; age, 16 yrs.; stature, 5 ft., 3 in.; complexion, light; residence, Chelmsford; delivered to Ensign T. Clark; also, list of men dated Lincoln, July 21, 1779, returned by Maj. Brown. Barret, Isaac, Chelmsford. Descriptive list of enlisted men; Capt. John F"ord's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; age, 22 yrs.; stature, 6 ft.; complexion, light; occupation, farmer; residence, Chelmsford; enlisted April 25, 1775. Barret, Lemuel, Chelmsford. List of men raised for the 6 months' service and returned by Brig. Gen. Paterson as having passed muster, in a return dated Camp Totoway, Oct. 25, 1780. Barret, Simeon, Chelmsford. Sergeant, Capt. Zaccheus Wright's Co., Col. Brook's Regt.; return of men in service at White Plains, Oct. 31, 1776. Barrett, Benjamin, Chelmsford. Corporal, Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; enlisted April 25, 1775; roll made up to Aug. 1, 1775; service, 3 mos., 14 days. Barrett, Isaac, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer Badge's (27th) Regt.; enlisted April 25, 1775; roll made up to Aug. 1, 1775; service, 3 mos., 14 days; also, descriptive list of men enlisted from 304 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Middlesex Co.; age, 29 yrs.; stature, 5 ft., 9 in.; complexion, dark; hair, dark; eyes, dark; occupation, farmer; residence, Chelmsford; enlisted May 23, 1781; enlistment, 3 yrs._ Barrett, Lemuel, Chelmsford. Descriptive list of men raised to reinforce Continental Army for the term of 6 months, agreeable to resolve of June 5, 1780; aee, 17 yrs.; stature, 5 ft., 3 in.; complexion, light; residence, Chelmsford; arrived at Springfield, July 2, 1780; marched to camp July 2, 1780, under command of Capt. Phineas Parker; also, pay roll for 6 months men raised by the town of Chelmsford for service in the Con- tinental Army during 1780; marched June 30, 1780; discharged Jan. 2, 1781; service, 6 mos., 14 days; company raised to serve at North River. Barrit, Beniamin, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Oliver Barron's Co., Col. David Green's Regt., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 6 days. Barritt, Simeon, Chelmsford. Private, Col. Moses Parker's Co., com- manded by Lieut. Benjamin Walker, which marched on the alarm of April 19. 1775; service, 9 days. Barron, Benjamin. Capt. John Ford's Co.; receipt for wages, etc., dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28 and Oct. 2, 1776. Barron, Moses, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Oliver Barron's Co., Col. David Green's Regt., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 15 days; also, list of men in Col. Baldwin's Regt., dated May 1, 1775. Barron, Oliver, Chelmsford. Captain of a company in Col. David Green's Regt., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; serx'ice, 16 days; also. Captain, serving as Ensign, Capt. John Ford's (Volunteer) Co., Col. Jonathan Reed's Regt.; enlisted Sept. 27, 1777; discharged Nov. 8, 1777; service, 1 mo., 13 days, with Northern Army. Barron, Oliver, Chelmsford. Muster Master for Middlesex Co.; official record of a ballot by the House of Representatives, dated Feb. 19, 1781; appointment concurred in by the Council, Feb. 19, 1781. Barrot, Isaac, Chelmsford. List of men in Col. Baldwin's Regt., dated May 1, 1775. Barrott, Benjamin, Chelmsford. Corporal, Capt. John Minot's Co., Col. Dike's Regt.; return of men in service from Dec. 13, 1776, to March 1, 1777. Bates, John, Chelmsford. Private, Col. Moses Parker's Co., commanded by Lieut. Benjamin Walker, which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 7 days; also, descriptive list of enlisted men; Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; age, 28 yrs.; stature, 6 ft.; complexion, dark; occupation, farmer; residence, Chelmsford; enlisted April 26, 1775; also, Capt. Ford's Co., Col. Bridge's Regt.; order for advance pay dated Cambridge, June 6, 1775; also. Corporal; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; enlisted April 26, 1775; service, 3 mos., 13 days; also, company return dated Sept. 25, 1775. Bats, John. Corporal, Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; enlisted May 25, 1775 (service not given). Bauldin, Jacob, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. John Ford's (Volunteer) Co., Col. Jonathan Reed's Regt.; enlisted Sept. 27, 1777; discharged Nov. 8, 1777; service, 1 mo., 13 days; marched to reinforce Northern Army. Berret, Benjamin, Chelmsford. Corporal; descriptive list of enlisted men; Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Bridge's Regt.; age, 42 yrs.; stature, 6 ft.; complexion, light; occupation, farmer; residence, Chelmsford; enlisted April 25, 1775; also, Capt. Ford's Co., Col. Bridge's (27th) Regt.; company return dated Sept. 25, 1775. Berret, Isaac, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Ford's Co., Col. Bridge's (27th) Regt.; company return dated Sept. 25, 1775. Berrett, Benjamin, Chelmsford. Corporal, Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's Regt.; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; enlisted April 25, 1775; service, 3 mos., 14 days. Berrett, Isaac, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's Regt.; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; enlisted April 25, 1775; service, 3 mos., 14 days. RECORDS OF CHELMSFORD MEN IN THE REVOLUTION 305 Bettes, William, Chelmsford. List of men in Col. Baldwin's Regt., dated May 1, 1775. Betteys, John, Dracut. Private, Capt. Joseph Bradley Varnum's Co., Col. Mcintosh's Regt., Gen. Lovell's Brigade; enlisted July 29, 1778; dis- charged Sept. 11, 1778; service, 1 mo., 18 days, at Rhode Island. Bewkel, Thomas, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; company return dated Sept. 25, 1775; reported deserted June 25, 1775. Bewkell, Thomas, Chelmsford. Descriptive list of enlisted men; Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Bridge's Regt.; age, 25 yrs.; stature, 5 ft., 10 in.; complexion, light; occupation, farmer; residence, Chelmsford; enlisted, April 27, 1775; reported deserted from Camp at Cambridge, June 25, 1775. Blasdell, Henry, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. John Minot's Co., Col. Dike's Regt.; return of men in service from Dec. 13, 1776, to March 1, 1777. Blasdell, William, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. John Minott's Co., Col. Dike's Regt.; return of men in service from Dec. 14, 1776, to March 1, 1777. Blazdel, Henry, Chelmsford. Private, Lieut. Colonel's Co., Col. Bailey's Regt.; Continental Army pay accounts for service from Jan. 1, 1780, to March 20, 1780. Blazdel, William, Chelmsford. Private, Lieut. Colonel's Co., Col. Bailey's Regt.; Continental Army pay accounts for service from Jan. 1, 1780, to March 20, 1780. Blazdell, Aaron, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Samuel Tay's Co., Lieut. Col. Webb's Regt.; enlisted Aug. 18, 1781; discharged Nov. 29, 1781; service, 3 mos., 22 days; enlistment, 3 months; regiment raised in Suffolk and Middlesex Counties to reinforce Continental Army. Blazdiel, William. Receipt for wages due Oct. 2, 1776, dated Ticonderoga, given to Capt. John Ford; marched from Chelmsford, July 25, 1776; discharged at Albany, Jan. 1, 1777. Blazdiel, William, Jr. Receipt for mileage and wages dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1776, given to Capt. John Ford. Blazedell, Henry, Chelmsford. Private, 1st Co., Col. Bailey's Regt.; Con- tinental Army pay accounts for service from March 20, 1777, to Dec. 31, 1779; also, Capt. Hugh Maxwell's Co., Col. Bailey's Regt.; return dated Camp near Valley Forge, Jan. 24, 1778. Blazedell, William, Chelmsford. Private, 1st Co., Col. John Bailey's Regt., Continental Army pay accounts for service from March 20, 1777, to Dec. 11, 1779; also, Capt. Hugh Maxwell's Co.; return dated Camp near Valley Forge, Jan. 24, 1778. Blood, Josiah, Chelmsford. Private, Col. Moses Parker's Co., commanded by Lieut. Benjamin Walker, which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 9 days; also. Corporal, Capt. Benjamin Walker's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's Regt. ; receipt for advance pay dated Cambridge, June 24, 1775; also, muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; enlisted May 28, 1775; service, 3 mos., 11 days; also, Company return (probably Oct., 1775); also, order for bounty coat or its equivalent in money dated Cambridge, Nov. 30, 1775; also, list of men who received money from the public treasury for losses at the battles of Lexington and Bunker Hill, allowed in Council, June 13, 1776; also, 1st Co., Col. John Bailey's Regt.; Con- tinental Army pay accounts for service from Jan. 1, 1777, to Feb. 1, 1779; reported as serving 7 mos. as Corporal, 18 mos. as Sergeant; discharged Feb. 1, 1779; enlistment, 3 years; also, Capt. Hugh Maxwell's (1st) Co., Col. Bailey's Regt.; return of men in Camp near Valley Forge, Jan. 24, 1778; reported promoted to Sergeant, Aug. 1, 1777; also, receipt for bounty paid him by William Bridge for the town of Chelmsford to serve in the Continental Army for the term of 3 years, dated Boston, July 5, 1782; also. Private, Capt. Benjamin Pike's Co., Lieut. Col. Calvin Smith's Regt.; return for wages, etc., for June— Dec, 1782; time allowed from July 5, 1782. Bolifield, Samuel, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Zaccheus Wright's Co., Col. Brook's Regt.; return dated White Plains, Oct. 31, 1776. 306 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Bowers, [Luke.] Private, Capt. Amos Foster's Co., Col. Cyprian How's (7th Middlesex Co.) Regt.; enlisted July 28, 1780; discharged Oct. 30, 1780; service 3 mos., 8 days, at Rhode Island; enlistment, 3 months. Bowers, Oliver, Dracut. Corporal, Capt. Joseph B. Varnum's Co., Col. Mcintosh's Regt., Gen. Lovell's Brigade; engaged July 29, 1778; dis- charged Sept. 11, 1778; service, 1 mo., IS days, on an expedition to Rhode Island. Bowers, William, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Oliver Barron's Co., Col. David Green's Regt., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 13 days; also. Corporal, Capt. Zaccheus Wright's Co., Col. Brook's Regt.; return dated Camp at White Plains, Oct. 31, 1776. Bowman, Ebehezer. Capt. John Ford's Co.; receipt for wages and mileage dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1776; also, receipt for wages due to Oct. 2, 1776, dated Ticonderoga; marched from Chelmsford, Jul}' 25, 1776; discharged at Albany, Jan. 1, 1777. Brenon, Samuel. Receipt for wages due Oct. 2, 1776, given to Capt. John Ford, dated Ticonderoga; marched from Chelmsford, July 25, 1776; discharged at Albany, Jan. 1, 1777. Bridge, Ebenezer, Billerica. Colonel, Middlesex Co. Regt. of Minute-Men; marched April 19, 1775; service, 4 days; roll dated Cambridge; also, list of officers dated Cambridge, May 16, 1775; reported field officer for the day. May 17, 1775; also, list of officers dated May 21, 1775; reported officer of main guard, May 22, 1775; also, list of officers dated Cambridge, May 30, 1775; reported field officer for May 30 and May 31, 1775; also order for cartridge boxes dated Cambridge, June 24, 1775; also list of officers commanding regiments, dated Headquarters, Cambridge, July 22, 1775; brigade under command of its senior officer forming part of reserve corps under Maj. Gen. Putnam for defense of posts north of Roxbury; also, pay roll for service from date of engagement, April 24, 1775 to Aug. 1, 1775, 3 mos., 15 days; also, certificate dated Cambridge, Nov. 30, 1775, signed by said Bridge as Colonel of the 27th Regt., certifying to the loss of articles at the battle of Bunker Hill, June 17, 1775; also, list of officers who delivered firelocks, Feb. 17, 1776. Bridge, John, Chelmsford. Capt. acting as Quartermaster, Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (Middlesex Co.) Regt.; engaged April 24, 1776; service to Aug, 1, 1775, 3 mos., 15 days. Bridge, John. Capt. Benjamin Walker's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; order for bountv coat or its equivalent in money dated Cambridge, Dec. 25, 1775. Bridge, William. Adjutant, Col. Doolittle's Regt. of Minute-Men; service from April 19, 1775 to April 26, 1775, 7 days; also, Adjutant, 7th Middle- sex Co. Regt.; official record of a ballot by the House of Representatives, dated June 20, 1778; appointment concurred in by Council, June 20, 1778. Briton, Samuel, Chelmsford. Descriptive list of enlisted men; Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; age, 18 yrs. ; stature, 5 ft., 6 in.; complexion, dark; occupation, farmer; residence, Chelmsford; enlisted April 25, 1775; also, order for advance pay dated Cambridge, June 6, 1775; also, Private; company return dated Sept. 25, 1775. Britton, Samuel, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Oliver Barron's Co., Col. David Green's Regt., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 6 days; also, Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer F3ridge's (27th) Regt.; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; enlisted April 25, 1775; service, 3 mos., 14 days. Brown, Alexander. Receipt for wages and mileage signed by said Brown and others of Capt. John Ford's Co., dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1776; also Capt. Fiord's Co.; leceipt for wages due Oct. 2, 1776, dated Ticon- deroga; endorsed marched from Chelmsford, July 25, 1776; discharged at Albany, Jan. 1, 1777. Brown, Samuel. Receipts for wages and mileage given to Capt. John Ford dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28 and Oct. 2, 1776. RECORDS OF CHELMSFORD MEN IN THE REVOLUTION 307 Brown, William, Dracut (also given Chelmsford). Descriptive list of enlisted men; Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; age 23 yrs.; stature. 6 ft.; complexion, light; occupation, farmer; residence, Dracut; rank. Private; enlisted April 2-5, 177.5; service, 1 mo., 6 days; reported enlisted in the train May 29, 1775; also, Capt. John Popkin's Co., Col. Richard Gridley's (Artillery) Regt.; receipt for advance pay dated Winter Hill, July 14, 1775; also, Matross; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; enlisted May 29, 1775; service, 2 mos., 8 days; also, order for bounty coat or its equivalent in money dated Artillery Barracks, Winter Hill, Jan. 13, 1776. Burge, David, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Oliver Barron's Co., Col. David Green's Regt., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 11 days. Burroughs, Nathaniel. Receipt for mileage, etc., given to Capt. John Ford dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1776; also receipt for wages to Oct. 1, 1776, given to Capt. John Ford dated Ticonderoga; endorsed "marched from Chelmsford, July 25, 1776; discharged at Albany, Jan. 1, 1777." Burt (?), Moses (?). Receipt dated Ticonderoga, given to Capt. John Ford, for wages to Oct. 1, 1776; roll endorsed "marched from Chelmsford. July 25, 1776; discharged at Albany, Jan. 1, 1777." Butterfield, Benjamin, Chelmsford. Private, Col. Moses Parker's Co.. commanded by Lieut. Benjamin Walker, which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 7 days; also, descriptive list of enlisted men; Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; age, 18 yrs.; stature, 5 ft., 6 in.; complexion, light; occupation, farmer; resi- dence, Chelmsford; enlisted April 26, 1775; also, same Co. and Regt.; order for advance pay dated Cambridge, June 6, 1775; also, muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; enlisted April 26, 1775; service, 3 mos., 13 days; also, company return dated Sept. 25, 1775; also, Capt. John Ford's Co. of volunteers, Col. Jonathan Reed's Regt.; enlisted Sept. 27, 1777; discharged Nov. 8, 1777; service, 1 mo., 13 days; marched to reinforce Northern Army. Butterfield, Benjamin. Private, Capt. Amos Foster's Co., Col. Cyprian How's Regt.; enlisted July 28, 1780; discharged Oct. .30, 1780; service, 3 mos., 8 days, at Rhode Island; enlistment, 3 mos.; company detached from 7th Middlesex Co. Militia to reinforce Continental Army. Butterfield, Jesse, Chelmsford. Receipt for mileage, etc., dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1776, given to Capt. John Ford; also, receipt for wages to Oct. 1, 1776, dated Ticonderoga, Oct. 2, 1776, given to Capt. John Ford; receipt endorsed "marched from Chelmsford, July 25, 1776; discharged at Albany, Jan. 1, 1777"; also. Private, Capt. John Ford's Co. of Volunteers, Col. Jonathan Reed's Regt.; enlisted Sept. 27, 1777; service, 1 mo., 13 days; company marched Sept. 30, 1777, to reinforce Northern Army. Butterfield, Joseph, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. John Ford's Co. of Volun- teers, Col. Jonathan Reed's Regt.; enlisted Sept. 27, 1777; discharged Nov. 8, 1777; service, 1 mo., 13 days; company marched Sept. 30, 1777, to reinforce Northern Army. Butterfield, Philip. Receipt dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1776, for mileage, etc., given to Capt. John Ford; also, receipt for wages due Oct. 1, 1776, given to Capt. John Ford dated Ticonderoga; receipt endorsed "marched from Chelmsford, July 25, 1776; discharged at Albany, Jan. 1, 1777. '[ Byam, Benjamin. Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Roberson's Regt.; receipt dated Chelmsford, April 19, 1776, for wages for service from Feb. 5, 1776, to April 1, 1776; also. Private, Capt. Reuben Butterfield's Co.; enlisted Dec. 16, 1776; discharged March 16, 1777; service, 3 mos., 15 days. ^ Byam, John, Chelmsford. Drummer, Capt. John Minot's Co., Col. Dike's Regt.; service from Dec. 13, 1776, to March 1, 1777; also, Capt. John Moore's Co., Col. Jonathan Reed's (1st) Regt. of guards; joined April 2 (also given April 1), 1778; service to July 3, 1778, 3 mos., 2 days, guarding troops of convention at Cambridge; enlistment, 3 months from April 2, 1778. 308 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Byam, Willard, Chelmsford. Account of subsistence money due said Byam from Aug. 24, 1776, to Sept. 28, 1776, dated Roxbury, Oct. 15, 1776; also, Private, Capt. John Minot's Co., Col. Dike's Regt.; pay abstract for wages and travel allowance to and from Dorchester Heights; warrant for pay allowed in Council, Nov. 30, 1776. Byham, John. Private, Capt. Amos Foster's Co., Col. Cyprian How's Regt.; enlisted July 28, 1780; discharged Oct. 30, 1780; service, 3 mos., 8 days at Rhode Island; enlistment, 3 mos.; company detached from 7th Middlesex Co. Regt. Cambel, William, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Oliver Barron's Co., Col. David Green's Regt., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 6 days. Cambell, William, Chelmsford. Descriptive list of enlisted men; Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Bridge's Regt.; age, 37 yrs. ; stature, 6 ft.; com- plexion, dark; occupation, farmer; residence, Chelmsford; enlisted April 25 (also given May 25), 1775; also. Corporal, Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; company return dated Sept. 25, 1775. Campbell, William, Chelmsford. Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; order for advance pay dated Cambridge, June 6, 1775; also, Corporal, same Co. and Regt.; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; enlisted April 25, 1775; service, 3 mos., 14 days; also, order dated Chelmsford, Aug. 8, 1776, for money due for losses incurred at battles of Lexington and Bunker Hill. Carit (?) [Barit (?)], Joseph. Receipt dated Chelmsford for wages for service in Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Roberson's Regt., from Feb. 5, 1776 to April 1, 1776. Carkin, Joseph. Receipt given to Capt. John Ford for mileage, etc., dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1776; also, receipt given to Capt. John Ford for wages due Oct. 1, 1776, dated Ticonderoga; receipt endorsed "marched from Chelmsford, July 25, 1776, discharged at Albany, Jan. 1, 1777." Chamberlain, Abel, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Moses Barn's Co., Lieut. Col. Samuel Peirce's Regt.; enlisted May 17, 1779; service to July 1, 1779, 1 mo., 14 days, at Rhode Island; enlistment, 2 months from May 1, 1779. Chamberlain, Benjamin, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. John Minot's Co., Col. Dike's Regt.; service from Dec. 13, 1776, to March 1, 1777; also, list of men mustered in Suffolk Co. by Nathaniel Barber, Muster Master, dated Boston, Jan. 8, 1777; Capt. Thomas's Co., Col. Thomas Marshall's Regt.; also Capt. Philip Thomas's Co., Col. Thomas Marshall's (10th) Regt.; rations allowed from date of enlistment, Jan 1, 1777, to Feb. 6, 1777; credited with 37 days' allowance, also subsistence allowed for 11 days' travel on march from Boston to Bennington. Chamberlain, Benjamin, Chelmsford. Fifer, Capt. Smart's Co., Col. Calvin Smith's (late Wigglesworth's) Regt.; Continental Army pay accounts for 1777-1779 (service not given); credited to town of Falmouth; reported transferred to Capt. Pillsbury's Co.; also, Capt. Nicholas Blasdel's Co., Col. Edward Wigglesworth's Regt.; muster return dated Camp Valley Forge, Feb. 5, 1778; residence, Chelmsford; enlisted for town of Chelmsford; mustered by Col. Barrett, County Muster Master; Fifer, Capt. Blasdel's Co., Col. Wigglesworth's Regt.; muster roll for May, 1778, dated Camp Valley Forge; also, same Co. and Regt.; muster roll for June, 1778, dated "Camp Greenage"; also, Drummer, same Co. and Regt.; muster roll for Oct., 1778, sworn to in camp at Providence; also, same Co. and Regt.; muster roll for March and April, 1779; sworn to at Providence; enlisted March 1, 1777; enlistment, 3 years; reported transferred to Light Infantry Co.; also, Fifer, Capt. Daniel Pillsbury's (Light Infantry) Co., Col. Wigglesworth's Regt.; muster roll for March and April, 1779; reported furloughed for 10 days from April 20, 1779. Chamberlain, Benjamin, Jr., Chelmsford. List of men enlisted for Continental Army from Middlesex Co. (year not given); residence, Chelmsford; enlisted for town of Chelmsford. RECORDS OF CHELMSFORD MEN IN THE REVOLUTION 309 Chamberlain, Benjamin, 3d, Chelmsford. List of men enlisted into Con- tinental Army from Middlesex Co. (year not given); residence, Chelms- ford; enlisted for town of Chelmsford. Chamberlain, Samuel, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. John Minot's Co., Col. Dike's Regt.; service from Dec. 1, 1776, to March 1, 1777. Chamberlin, Aaron, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. John Ford's Co. of Volun- teers, Col. Jonathan Reed's Regt.; enlisted Sept. 27, 1777; discharged Nov. 8, 1777; service, 1 mo., 13 days; company marched Sept. 30, 1777, to reinforce Northern Army. Chamberlin, Abel, Chelmsford. Descriptive list of men enlisted from Middle- sex Co., agreeable to resolve of Dec. 2, 1780; age, 18 yrs. ; stature, 5 ft., 2 in.; complexion, light; hair, light; eyes, light; occupation, farmer (also given cordvvainer); residence, Chelmsford; enlisted April 11, 1781; enlistment, 3 years. Chamberlin, Benjamin, Chelmsford. Capt. Pillsbury's Co., Lieut. Col, Calvin Smith's (13th) Regt.; list of deserters; age, 16 yrs.; stature, 5 ft., 6 in.; complexion, light; hair, dark; occupation, yoeman; birth- place, Chelmsford; residence, Chelmsford; deserted April — , 1779. Chamberlin, Benjamin, Chelmsford. Sergeant, Col. Thomas Marshall's Regt.; Continental Army pay accounts for service from March 1, 1777, to Dec. 31, 1779; residence, Chelmsford; credited to town of Chelmsford; also, 2d Sergeant, Capt. Philip Thomas's (5th) Co., Col. Thomas Marshall's (10th) Regt.; appointed by Colonel, Sept. 20, 1777; also, same Co. and Regt.; muster roll for Jan., 1779, dated West Point; enlisted Jan. 1, 1777; enlistment, 3 yrs.; also, Colonel's Co., Col. Marshall's Regt.; muster roll for April, 1779, dated West Point; reported sick at Hartford; also, (late) Capt. Thomas's Co., Col. Marshall's Regt.; account of clothing delivered for the year 177S; reported deserted Aug. I, 1779; also, Capt. Thomas's Co., Col. Marshall's Regt.; account of clothing delivered for the year 1777, certified to at "Steenrapie," Sept. II, 1780. Chamberlin, Isaac, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. John Nutting's Co. of Minute-Men, Col. William Prescott's Regt., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775, from Pepperell; service, 6 days; also, Capt. Nutting's Co., Col. Prescott's (10th) Regt.; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775: enlisted April 25, 1775; service, 3 mos., 8 days; also, company return dated Cambridge, Oct. 2, 1775, also, order for bounty coat or its equivalent in money dated Cambridge, Jan. 1, 1776. Chamberlin, Samuel, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. John Minot's Co., Col. Dike's Regt.; pay abstract for wages and travel allowance on march to and from Dorchester Heights; warrant allowed in Council, Nov. 30, 1776. Chamberling, Aaron, Chelmsford. Private, Col. Moses Parker's Co., com- manded by Lieut. Benjamin Walker, which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 10 days; reported enlisted April 19, 1775. Chambers, David, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Oliver Barron's Co., Col. David Green's Regt., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 8 days; also, descriptive list of enlisted men; Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's Regt.; age, 26 yrs.; stature, 6 ft.; com- plexion, light; occupation, farmer; residence, Chelmsford; enlisted April 27, 1775; also, Private, Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Bridge's (27th) Regt.; order for advance pay dated Cambridge, June 6, 1775; also, same Co. and Regt.; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; enlisted April 27, 1775 service, 3 mos., 12 days; also, company return dated Sept. 25, 1775 also, list of men who delivered firelocks; date of delivery, Jan. 1, 1776 also, descriptive list of men detached to service in the Continental Army for 9 months, agreeable to resolve of June 9, 1779, returned as received of Justin Ely, Commissioner at Springfield, July 19, 1779, by Capt. James Cooper; Capt. Ford's Co., Maj. Brown's Regt.; age, 28 yrs.; stature, 5 ft., 10| in.; complexion, light; residence, Chelmsford; also, list dated Lincoln, July 21, 1779, of enUsted men as returned by Maj. Brown. 310 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Chambers, James, Chelmsford. Descriptive list of enlisted men; Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th). Regt.; age, 16 yrs.; stature, .5 ft., 6 in.; complexion, light; occupation, farmer; residence, Chelmsford; enlisted May 2, 1775; also. Private, same Co. and Regt.; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; enlisted May 2, 1775; service, 3 mos., 7 days; also, company return dated Sept. 25, 1775. Chambers, James, Tewksbury (also given Chelmsford). List of men mustered in Suffolk Co. by Nathaniel Barber, Muster Master, dated Boston, April 13, 1777; Capt. Lane's Co., Col. Nixon's Regt.; residence, Chelms- ford; enlisted for town of Chelmsford; enlistment, 3 years or during war; also, Major's (8th) Co., Col. Thomas Nixon's (6th) Regt.; Continental Army pay accounts for service from April 6, 1777, to Nov. 30, 1779; residence, Tewksbury; credited to town of Tewksbury; reported dis- charged; also, Capt. Jabez Lane's Co., Col. Nixon's (5th) Regt.; return of men in camp on or before Aug. 15, 1777, dated Camp near Peekskill, Feb. 16, 1779; also, Maj. Joseph Thompson's Co., 6th Regt.; pay roll for June — ^Oct., 1779; reported sick at Continental Village, Sept. and Oct., 1779; also, Major's Co.; account of clothing delivered for 178'), dated Peekskill, Dec. 5, 1779; also, Maj. Peter Harwood's Co., Col. Nixon's Regt.; pay rolls for Nov. and Dec, 1779; reported transferred to Col. Sheldon's Regt., Nov. 30, 1779; also, Capt. Nathaniel Craft's Co., Col. Sheldon's Regt. of light dragoons; Continental Army pay accounts for service from Dec. 1, 1779, to Dec. 31, 1779. Chambers, John, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Oliver Barron's Co., Col. David Green's Regt., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 7 days; also, descriptive list of enlisted men; Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; age, 27 yrs.; stature, 6 ft.; complexion, light; occupation, farmer; residence, Chelmsford; enlisted, April 26, 1775; also, same Co. and Regt.; order for advance pay dated Cambridge, June 6, 1775; also, muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; enlisted April 25, 1775; service, 3 mos., 13 days; also, company return dated Sept. 25, 1775. Chambers, Joseph, Chelmsford. Descriptive list of enlisted men; Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; age, 21 yrs.; stature, 6 ft.; complexion, light; occupation, farmer; residence, Chelms- ford; enlisted April 26, 1775; also, Private, same Co. and Regt.; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; enlisted April 26, 1775; service, 3 mos., 13 days; also, company return dated Sept. 25, 1775; also, Capt. Stephen Russell's Co., Col. Samuel Bullard's Regt.; enlisted, Aug. 15, 1777; discharged Nov. 30, 1777; service, 3 mos., 28 days, with Gen. Warner's Brigade in Northern department; roll dated Dracut; also, descriptive list of men enlisted from Middlesex Co. for the term of 9 months from the time of their arrival at Fishkill, June 19, 1778; Capt. Minot's (also given Capt. Ford's) Co., Col. Spaulding's Regt.; age, 23 yrs.; stature, 5 ft., 10 in.; residence, Chelmsford; also, list of men returned as received of Jonathan Warner, Commissioner, by Col. R. Putnam, July 20, 1778. Chambers, William, Chelmsford (also given Newbury). Private, Capt. Oliver Barron's Co., Col. David Green's Regt., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 3 days; also, descriptive list of enlisted men; Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; age, 25 yrs.; stature, 6 ft.; complexion, light; occupation, farmer; residence, Chelmsford; rank. Corporal; enlisted, April 25, 1775; also, same Co. and Regt.; order for advance pay dated Cambridge, June 6, 1775; also, same Co. and Regt.; account of articles lost in battle at Bunker Hill, June 17, 1775; also, muster roll dated Aug. I, 1775; enlisted April 25, 1775; service, 3 mos., 14 days; also, company return dated Sept. 25, 1775; also, receipt dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1776, given to Capt. John Ford; also, receipt dated Ticonderoga, for wages to Oct. 1, 1776, given to Capt. John Ford; endorsed "marched from Chelmsford, July 25, 1776, discharged Jan. 1, 17/7"; also Capt. John Ford's Co. of volunteers. Col. Jonathan Reed's Regt.; enlisted Sept. 27, 1777; discharged Nov. 8, 1777; service, 1 mo., 13 days; company marched Sept. 30, 1777, to reinforce Northern Army; RECORDS OF CHELMSFORD MEN IN THE REVOLUTION 311 also, descriptive list of men enlisted from Essex Co. for the term of 9 months from the time of their arrival at Fishkill, June 20 (also given June 19), 1778; age, 28 yrs.; stature, 5 ft., 10 in.; complexion, light; hair, light; eyes, light; residence, Chelmsford; enlisted for town of Newbury (also given Newburyport); also, list of men returned as received of Jonathan Warner, Commissioner, by Col. R. Putnam, July 20, 1778. Chandler, Moses. Receipt dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1776, for mileage, etc., given to Capt. John Ford; also, receipt dated Ticonderoga, Oct. 2, 1776, for wages due Oct. 1, 1776, given to Capt. John Ford; roll endorsed "marched from Chelmsford, July 25, 1776, discharged at Albany, Jan. 1, 1777." Chaney, John. Lieutenant; receipt dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1776, for mileage, etc., given to Capt. John Ford; also, receipt dated Ticonderoga, Oct. 2, 1776, for wages due Oct. 1, 1776, given to Capt. John Ford; endorsed "marched from Chelmsford, July 25, 1776, discharged at Albany, Jan. 1, 1777"; also, 2d Lieut. Capt., Asahel Wheeler's Co., Col. Jonathan Reed's Regt.; list of officers (year not given); also, Lieut., Col. Jonathan Reed's Regt.; rations allowed from July 11, 1776 to Nov. 30, 1776; credited with 143 days allowance; also, 1st Lieut., Capt. Nathaniel Lakin's Co., Col. John Robinson's Regt.; muster return dated North Kingston, Dec. 18, 1777; commissioned June 27, 1777; company engaged for 6 months from July 1, 1777, Chizen, William. Private, Capt. Hawe's corps of Artillery artificers, Col- Jeduthan Baldwin's Regt.; Continental Army pay accounts for service from Jan. 1, 1780, to Dec. 31, 1780, stationed at Springfield. Chizm, William, Chelmsford. Private, Maj. Eayer's Co., Col. Flower's Regt. of Artillery artificers, Continental Army pay accounts for service from Sept. 30, 1778 to Dec. 31, 1779. Clark, Thomas. Capt. John Ford's Co.; receipt for mileage dated Ticon- deroga, Aug. 28, 1776; also, same Co.; receipt for wages due to Oct. 1, 1776, dated Ticonderoga, Oct. 2, 1776; endorsed "marched from Chelms- ford, July 25, 1776, discharged at Albany, Jan. 1, 1777."_ Cleaveland, Enoch, Chelmsford (also given Westford). Private, Col. Moses Parker's Co., commanded by Lieut. Benjamin Walker, which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 8 days; also, descriptive list of enlisted men endorsed "Jan. 11, 1781"; age, 25 yrs.; stature, 5 ft., 4 in.; complexion, light (also given dark); hair, dark; occupation, farmer; birthplace, Westford; residence, Chelmsford (also given Westford); enlisted March 16 (also given April — ), 1779, by Capt. Coburn; joined Light Infantry Co., Lieut. Col. John Brooks's (7th) Regt.; enlistment, during war; also. Private, Capt. William White's (Light Infantry) Co., Lieut. Col. John Brooks's (7th) Regt.; muster roll for Jan., 1781, dated West Point; also, Light Infantry Co., Lieut. Col. Brooks's Regt.; list of men court-martialed; tried March 30, 1781, by regimental court-martial, Capt. Felt, President, on charge of stealing a blanket; sentence, 100, lashes, 10 remitted; also, Capt. Asa Coburn's (Light Infantry) Co. Lieut. Col. John Brooks's (7th) Regt.; muster rolls for Feb. — Dec, 1781, dated York Hutts; also Light Infantry Co., Lieut. Col. Brooks's Regt.; list of men discharged subsequent to Jan. 1, 1781; discharged June 10, 1783, by Gen. Washington, term of enlistment having expired. Cleavland, Enoch, Chelmsford (also given Randolph). Descriptive list of enlisted men; Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; age, 19 yrs.; stature, 5 ft., 8 in.; complexion, light; occupation, farmer; residence, Chelmsford; enlisted April 27, 1775; also, Private, same Co. and Regt.; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; service, 3 mos., 12 days; also, company return dated Sept. 25, 1775; also, muster return dated Albany, Jan. 12, 1778; residence, Chelmsford; enlisted for town of Chelmsford; joined Capt. William Hudson Ballard's Co., Col. Ichabod Alden's Regt.; mustered by Col. Barrett, County Muster Master; reported on furlough; also, Private, Capt. Asa Coburn's Co., Lieut. Col. John Brooks's (7th) Regt.; Continental Army pay accounts for service from 312 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Jan. 1, 1780, to Dec. 31, 1780; also, Capt. Asa Coburn's (Light Infantry) Co., Lieut. Col. Brooks's Regt.; muster rolls for Jan. and Feb., 1782, dated York Hutts. Cleveland, Enoch, Chelmsford (also given Randolph). Private, Capt. William Hudson Ballard's Co., Col. Asa Whitcomb's Regt.; muster roll dated Camp at Ticonderoga, Nov. 27, 1776; enlisted Jan. 1, 1776; reported re-engaged Nov. 13, 1776; also, Capt. William Hudson Ballard's Co., Col. John Brooks's (7th) Regt.; Continental Army pay accounts for service from Jan. 1, 1777, to Dec. 31, 1779; reported transferred to Capt. Coburn's Co.; also, Capt. Asa Coburn's (Light Infantry) Co., (late) Col. Ichabod Alden's (6th) Regt.; muster roll for March and April, 1779, dated Fort Harkimer; enlisted Nov. 13, 1776; enlistment, during war. Clough, Daniel. Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Robinson's Regt.; receipt dated Chelmsford, April 19, 1776, for wages for service from Feb. 5, 1776, to April 1, 1776. Coburn [Colburn], Asa. Receipt for mileage dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1776, signed by said Coburn and others of Capt. John Ford's Co.; also receipt dated Ticonderoga, Oct. 2, 1776, for wages due to Oct. 1, 1776, signed by said Coburn and others of Capt. John Ford's Co.; roll endorsed "marched from Chelmsford, July 25, 1776; discharged at Albany, Jan. 1, 1777." Colborn, Caleb. Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Robinson's Regt.; receipt dated Chelmsford, April 19, 1776, for wages for service from Feb. 5, 1776, to April 1, 1776. Colburn, Caleb. Corporal, Capt. John Ford's Co. of volunteers. Col. Jonathan Reed's Regt.; enlisted Sept. 27, 1777; discharged Nov. 8, 1777; service, 43 days; company marched Sept. 30, 1777, to reinforce Northern army; roll dated Chelrnsford. Core, Oliver, Chelmsford. Descriptive list of men raised to reinforce Con- tinental Army for the term of 6 months, agreeable to resolve of June 5, 1780, returned as received of Justin Ely, Commissioner, by Brig. Gen. John Glover, at Springfield, July 7, 1780; age, 23 yrs. ; stature, 5 ft., 11 in.; complexion, dark; residence, Chelmsford; marched to camp July 7, 1780, under command of Capt. Dix. Corey, Ezra, Chelmsford. Capt. John Ford's Co.; receipt for wages due Oct. 1, 1776, dated Ticonderoga, and endorsed "marched from Chelms- ford, July 25, 1776, discharged at Albany, Jan. 1, 1777." Corey, Oliver, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's Regt.; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1776; enlisted April 28, 1775; service, 3 mos., 11 days; also. Private, Capt. White's Co., Col. Brook's Regt.; Continental Army pay accounts for service from Jan. 1, 1780, to March 17, 1780; also, list of men raised for the 6 months' service and returned by Brig. Gen. Paterson as having passed muster in a return dated Camp Totoway, Oct. 25, 1780. Corey, Stephen. Return of recruits sent by Massachusetts as a portion of her quota of the Continental Army subsequent to Jan. 1, 1781, who were reported unfit for duty; 3d Mass. Regt.; age, 16 yrs.; stature, 5 ft.; reported under size; engaged for the town of Chelmsford; engagement, 3 yrs.; also, list of men mustered in Middlesex Co.; mustered April 11, 1781, for the town of Chelmsford. Corry, Ezra, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. William Hudson Ballard's Co., Col. lohn Brooks's Regt.; Continental Army pay accounts for service from March 23, 1777, to May 9, 1777; enlistment, 3 yrs.; also, Capt. Ballard's Co., (late) Col. Ichabod Alden's (6th) Regt.; return of men in camp on or before Aug. 15, 1777; reported died May 9, 1777. Cory, Ezra. Receipt for mileage dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1776, given to Capt. John Ford; also, Capt. William Hudson Ballard's Co., Col. Ichabod Alden's Regt.; muster return dated Albany, Jan. 12, 1778; residence, Chelmsford; enlisted for town of Chelmsford; mustered by Col. Barrett, Muster Master for Middlesex Co.; reported died May 9, 1777. RECORDS OF CHELMSFORD MEN IN THE REVOLUTION 313 Cory, Oliver, Chelmsford. Descriptive list of enlisted men; Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; age, 18 yrs. ; stature, 5 ft., 6 in.; complexion, dark; occupation, farmer; residence, Chelmsford; enlisted April 28, 1775; also. Private, same Co. and Regt.; company return dated Sept. 25, 1775; also. Private, Capt. William Hudson Ballard's Co., Col. Brooks's Regt.; Continental Army pay accounts for service from March 27, 1777, to Dec. 31, 1779; also, Capt. Ballard's Co., Col. Ichabod Alden's Regt.; muster return dated Albany, Jan. 12, 1778; residence, Chelmsford; enlisted for town of Chelmsford; mustered by Col. Barrett, Muster Master for Middlesex Co., and by a Continental Muster Master; reported taken prisoner July 20, 1777; also, Capt. Ballard's Co., (late) Col. Alden's (6th) Regt.; muster roll for March and April, 1779, dated Cherry Valley; enlisted March 17, 1777; enlistment, 3 yrs.; also, 1st Co., Lieut. Col. John Brooks's (7th) Regt.; return made up to Dec. 31, 1779, signed by Lieut. James Lunt; also, pay roll for 6 months men raised by the town of Chelmsford for service in the Conti- nental Army at North river during 1780; marched June 30, 1780; dis- charged Jan. 7, 1781; service, 6 mos., 19 days. Coudre, Nathaniel. Private, Capt. Ford's Co.; return of cartridges received from Nov. 4 to Jan. 6 (year not given). Crosby, John, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Zaccheus Wright's Co., Col. Brooks's Regt.; company return dated Camp at White Plains, Oct. 31, 1776; also, descriptive list of men engaged for Continental service; Capt. Minot's Co., Col. Spaulding's Regt.; age, 18 yrs.; stature, 5 ft., 11 in.; engaged for town of Chelmsford; term, 9 months from time of arrival at Fishkill, June 19, 1778; also, list of men raised in Middlesex Co., returned as received of Jonathan Warner, Commissioner, by Col. R. Putnam, July 20, 1778. Cumings, James. Receipt for mileage dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1776, given to Capt. John Ford; also, receipt for wages due Oct. 1, 1776, dated Ticonderoga, given to Capt. John Ford; receipt endorsed "marched from Chelmsford July 25, 1776, discharged at Albany, Jan. 1, 1777." Cutler, Jacob. Private, Capt. Ford's Co.; list of men with an account of the ammunition allowed them from Nov. 4 to Jan. 6 (year not given). Dammon, Daniel, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Oliver Barron's Co., Col. David Green's Regt., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 18 days. Damon, Daniel. Receipt for mileage given to Capt. John Ford, dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1776; also, receipt for wages due Oct. 1, 1776, given to Capt. John Ford, dated Ticonderoga, Oct. 2, 1776; receipt endorsed "marched from Chelmsford, July 25, 1776, discharged at Albany, Jan. 1, 1777." Damon (?), David, Chelmsford (probably). List of men probably belonging to Chelmsford, dated May 1, 1775. Danforth, David, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Oliver Barron's Co., Col. David Greene's Regt., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 4 days; also, Capt. John Ford's Co. of Volunteers, Col. Jonathan Reed's Regt.; enlisted Sept. 27, 1777; discharged Nov. 8, 1777; service, 43 days; company marched Sept. 30, 1777, to reinforce Northern Army. Danforth, Jonathan, Chelmsford. List of men raised in Middlesex Co. to serve in the Continental Army (year not given); residence, Chelmsford; reported "in the works at Springfield." Daverson, [Davidson], F"rancis, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Oliver Barron's Co., Col. David Green's Regt., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 7 days. Davidson, Francis, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. John Ford's Co., Col, Bridge's Regt.; age, 23 yrs.; stature, 5 ft., 9 in.; complexion, dark; occupation, farmer; residence, Chelmsford; enlisted April 26, 1775; also, Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; order for advance pay dated Cambridge, June 6, 1775; also, company return dated Sept. 25, 1775. 314 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Davis, James. Company receipt for mileage dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1776, given to Capt. John Ford; also, receipt dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 2, 1776, given to Capt. John Ford, for wages to Oct. 1, 1776, endorsed "marched from Chelmsford, July 25, 1776, discharged at Albany Jan. 1,, 1777." Davis, Joshua, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Oliver Barron's Co., Col. David Green's Regt., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 8 days. Davis, Moses, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. John Minot's Co., Col. Dike's Regt.; pay abstract for wages and travel allowance to and from Dor- chester Heights; warrant allowed in Council, Nov. 30, 1776. Davis, Samuel. Private, Capt. Jonathan Minott's Co.; Col. Baldwin's Regt.; pay abstract for traveling allowance from home and return dated Cambridge, Jan. 12, 1776; 106 miles traveling allowed. Davis, Thomas, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Zaccheus Wright's Co., Col. Brooks's Regt.; return of men in camp at White Plains dated Oct. 31, 1776. Davis, Thomas. Private, Capt. Ford's Co.; return of cartridges received from Nov. 4, to Jan. 6 (year not given). Davison, Francis, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's Regt.; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; enlisted April 26, 1775; service, 3 mos., 13 days. Didson, Benjamin, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. John Ford's Co. of Volunteers, Col. Jonathan Reed's Regt.; enlisted Sept. 27, 1777; discharged Nov. 8, 1777; service, 1 mo., 13 days; company marched Sept. 30, 1777, to reinforce Northern Army. Ditson, John. Capt. John Ford's Co.; company receipt for mileage dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1776; also, same Co.; company receipt for wages to Oct. 1, 1776, dated Ticonderoga; roll endorsed "marched from Chelms- ford, July 25, 1776, discharged at Albany, Jan. 1, 1777." Dun, James, Chelmsford. Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Bridge's Regt.; descriptive list of men; age, 23 yrs.; stature, 6 ft.; comple.xion, light; occupation, farmer; residence, Chelmsford; enlisted April 27, 1775. Dun, William, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Zaccheus Wright's Co., Col. Brooks's Regt.; company return dated Camp at White Plains, Oct. 31, 1776. Dunn, James, Chelmsford. Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; company order for advance pay dated Camp at Cam- bridge, June 6, 1775; also. Private, same Co. and Regt.; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; enlisted April 27, 1775; service, 3 mos., 12 days; also, company return dated Sept. 25, 1775. Dunn, James, Jr., Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Oliver Barron's Co., Col. David Green's Regt., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 8 days. Dunn, John, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Oliver Barron's Co., Col. David Green's Regt., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 3 days. Dunn, John. Private, Capt. Joseph Bradley Varnum's Co., Col. Mcintosh's Regt., Gen. Lovel's Brigade; engaged Aug. 19, 1778; discharged Sept. 11, 1778; service, 28 days, travel included, on an expedition to Rhode Island. Roll dated, Dracut. Dunn, Joseph, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. John Minot's Co., Col. Dike's Regt.; pay abstract for wages and travel allowance to and from Dor- chester Heights; warrant allowed in Council, Nov. 30, 1776. Dunn, William, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Oliver Barron's Co., Col. David Green's Regt., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 4 days; also, Corporal, Capt. James Varnum's Co., Col. Michael Jackson's Regt.; Continental Army pay accounts for service from May 15, 1777, to May 15, 1780; residence, Chelmsford; credited to town of Chelmsford; enlistment, 3 yrs. RECORDS OF CHELMSFORD MEN IN THE REVOLUTION 315 Durant, Joshua, Chelmsford. Private, Col. Moses Parker's Co., commanded by Lieut. Benjamin Walker, which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 9 days; also, Capt. Benjamin Walker's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; company receipt for advance pay dated Cambridge, June 24, 1777; also. Private, same Co. and Regt.; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; enlisted April 2S, 1775; service, 3 mos., 11 days; also, company return (probably Oct., 1775); also, order for bounty coat or its equivalent in money dated Cambridge, Dec. 25, 1775; also, Capt. John P'ord's Co., Col. Robinson's Regt.; company receipt for wages from Feb. 5, 1776, to April 1, 1776, dated Chelmsford, April 19, 1776; also, Capt. John Ford's Co.; company receipt for money due Oct. 1, 1776, dated Ticon- deroga; receipt endorsed "marched from Chelmsford, July 25, 1776, discharged at Albany, Jan. 1, 1777"; also, Capt. John Minot's Co., Col. Dike's Regt.; service from Dec. 13, 1776, to March 1, 1777; credited to town of Chelmsford. Dutton, John, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. John Minot's Co., Col. Dike's Regt.; pay abstract for wages and travel allowance to and from Dor- chester Heights; warrant allowed in Council, Nov. 30, 1776. Dutton, Jonas, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. John Minot's Co., Col. Dike's Regt.; pay abstract for wages and travel allowance to and from Dor- chester Heights; warrant allowed in Council, Nov. 30, 1776; also, account of milk and sauce money due said Dutton and Willard Byam from Aug. 24, to Sept. 28 (year not given), dated Roxbury, Oct. 15, 1776. Easterbrooks, Moses, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; enlisted April 27, 1775; service, 3 mos., 12 days; also, Capt. Varnum's Co., Col. Michael Jackson's Regt.; Continental Army pay accounts for service from May 5, 1777, to Dec. 31, 1779; residence, Chelmsford; credited to town of Chelmsford; term, 3 yrs.; reported "deserted, but returned to his duty and served the whole of his time, as appears by a certificate from Capt. Smith, and N. Dix, Captain Commandant, dated April 22, 1781"; also, same Co. and Regt.; Continental Army pay accounts for service from Oct. 17, 1780, to Dec. 31, 1780; reported joined from desertion. Eaton, Jonathan. Private, Capt. Ford's Co.; return for cartridges received from Nov. 4 to Jan. 6 (year not given). Eavens, Sherebiah. Private, Capt. Ford's Co.; list of men on an account of ammunition allowed from Nov. 4 (year not given, probably 1777), to Jan. 6 (year not given, probably 1777); also. Private, Capt. John Dix's Co., Col. Mcintosh's Regt., Gen. Lovel's Brigade; enlisted July 30, 1778; discharged Sept. 12, 1778; service, 1 mo., 17 days, travel included, at Rhode Island. Ellinwood, Samuel. Receipt for mileage given to Capt. John Ford, dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1776; also, company receipt given to Capt. John Ford for money due to Oct. 1, 1776, dated Ticonderoga, Oct. 2, 1776. Emerson, Parker (alias Peter), Chelmsford. Sergeant, Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; age, 30 yrs.; stature, 5 ft., 10 in.; complexion, fresh; occupation, housewright; residence, Chelmsford; enlisted April 25, 1775; also, same Co. and Regt.; company order for advance pay dated Cambridge, June 6, 1775; also. Sergeant, same Co. and Regt.; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; enlisted April 25, 1775; service, 3 mos., 14 days; also, company return dated Sept. 25, 1775; also, memorandum of firelocks received from sundry ofticcrs and men; date of delivery Jan. 1, 1776; also. Sergeant, Capt. William Hudson Ballard's Co., Col. John Brooks's Regt.; Continental Army pav accounts for service from March 10, 1777, to Dec. 31, 1779; also, Capt'. Ballard's Co., Col. Ichabod Alden's (6th) Regt.; muster return dated Albany, Jan. 12, 1778; residence, Chelmsford; engaged for town of Chelmsford; mustered by Col. J. Barrett, Muster Master for Middlesex Co., and by a Continental Muster Master; also, same Co. and Regt.; muster roll for March and April, 1779, dated Cherry Valley; enlisted March 10, 1777; enlistment, 3 yrs.; reported on command after deserters; also 316 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD 1st Co., Lieut. Col. John Brooks's (7th) Regt.; return made up to Dec. 31, 1779; also, Capt. White's Co., Col. Brooks's Regt.; Continental Army pay accounts for service from Jan. 1, 1780, to March 10, 1780. Estabrooks, Joel, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Ebenezer Bancroft's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's Regt.; company return dated Sept. 25, 1775; also, company receipt given to Capt. John Ford for mileage dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1776; also, company receipt given to Capt. John Ford for wages due to Oct. 1, 1776, dated Ticonderoga, Oct. 2, 1776; receipt endorsed "marched from Chelmsford, July 25, 1776, discharged at Albany, Jan. 1, 1777." Esterbrooks, Josiah (?). Company receipt given to Capt. John Ford for wages due to Oct. 1, 1776, dated Ticonderoga; receipt endorsed "marched from Chelmsford, July 25, 1776, discharged at Albany, Jan. 1, 1777." Esterbrooks, Josiah (?). Company receipt given to Capt. John Ford for mileage dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1776. Esterbrooks, Moses, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Oliver Barron's Co., Col. David Green's Regt., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 8 days; also, descriptive list dated June 15, 1775; Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Bridge's Regt.; age, 30 yrs. ; stature, 6 ft.; complexion, light; occupation, farmer; residence, Chelmsford; enlisted April 27, 1775; also Private, Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; company return dated Sept. 25, 1775. Estherbrooks, Moses. Capt. Ford's Co., Col. Bridge's Regt.; company order for advance pay dated Camp at Cambridge, June 6, 1775; also, Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Roberson's (Robinson's) Regt.; company receipt for wages from Feb. 5, 1776, to April 1, 1776, dated Chelmsford. Evens, Jonathan. Company receipt for mileage given to Capt. John Ford dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1776; also, company receipt given to Capt. John Ford for wages due to Oct. 1, 1776, dated Ticonderoga, Oct. 2, 1776, and endorsed "marched from Chelmsford, July 25, 1776, discharged at Albany Jan. 1, 1777." Farley, Benjamin, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; company return dated June 15, 1775; age, 17 yrs.; stature, 5 ft., 10 in.; complexion, light; occupation, farmer; resi- dence, Chelmsford; enlisted April 25, 1775; also, muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; enlisted April 25, 1775; service, 3 mos., 14 days; also, company return dated Sept. 25, 1775. Farley, William, Chelmsford. Receipt dated July 14, 1781, for bounty paid said Farley by the town of Ashby to serve in the Continental Army for the term of 6 months; also, descriptive list of men raised in Middlesex Co., agreeable to resolve of Dec. 2, 1780, as returned by Joseph Hosmer, Superintendent for said county; age, 20 yrs.; stature, 5 ft., 11 in.; complexion, dark; hair, dark; eyes, dark; occupation, farmer (also given laborer); residence, Chelmsford; engaged for town of Ashby; engaged July 14, 1781; joined Capt. Francis's Co., Lieut. Col. John Brooks's (7th) Regt.; term, 6 mos. (also given 3 yrs.); also. Sergeant, Capt. Nathaniel C. Allen's (8th) Co., 4th Mass. Regt.; muster rolls for May — Aug., 1783; reported promoted from Corporal, June 10, 1783; balance of term of enlistment unexpired, 6 mos.; also, 8th (also given 3d) Co.; order dated Dec. 26, 1783, for wages for the month of May and 9 days in June as Corporal, 21 days in June and the months of July — Dec. (year not given), as Sergeant, appearing as a register of orders accepted on account of wages. Farly, Benjamin, Chelmsford. Private, Col. Moses Parker's Co., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775, under command of Lieut. Benjamin Walker; service, 6 days. Farmer, Aaron. Company receipt given to Capt. John F"ord for mileage, dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1776; also, company receipt given to Capt. John Ford for wages due to Oct. 1, 1776, dated Ticonderoga, and endorsed "marched from Chelmsford, July 25, 1776, discharged at Albany, Jan. 1, 1777"; also. Private, Capt. Nathaniel Lakin's Co., Col. John Robinson's Regt.; enlisted July 7, 1777; service, 2 mos., 25 days, at RECORDS OF CHELMSFORD MEN IN THE REVOLUTION 317 Rhode Island; enlistment to expire Jan. 1, 1778; roll sworn to at Groton; also, Capt. Solomon Pollard's Co., Col. Samuel Denny's Regt.; enlisted Oct. 23, 1779; discharged Dec. 4, 1779; service, 1 mo., 12 days, travel included; company detached to march to Claverack and join Con- tinental Army for 3 months; roll dated Billerica; also, Capt. Watts's Co., 8th Mass. Regt.; list of United States pensioners made up to Dec. 31, 1787, as returned by John Lucas, Commissary of Pensions; age, 30 years; pensioned Sept. 1, 1782. Farmer, Oliver, Chelmsford. List of men raised to serve in the Continental Army (year not given); residence, Chelmsford; engaged for town of Chelmsford; also, list of men mustered by Nathaniel Barber, Muster Master for Suffolk Co., dated Boston, Feb. 16, 1777; Capt. Lane's Co., Col. Nixon's Regt.; also. Private, Major's Co., Col. Thomas Nixon's (6th) Regt.; list of deserters dated Camp Ten Eyck, Aug. 27, 1780; deserted Dec. 20, 1777. Farmer, Solomon, Chelmsford. Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; descriptive list dated June 15, 1775; age, 27 yrs. ; stature, 5 ft., 6 in.; complexion, dark; occupation, farmer; residence, Chelmsford; enlisted April 28, 1775; reported enlisted in the train May 29, 1775; also, Private, Capt. Ford's Co., Col. Bridge's Regt.; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; enlisted April 28, 1775; service, 1 mo., 3 days; also, same Co. and Regt.; company return dated Sept. 25, 1775; also, Capt. John Popkin's Co., Col. Richard Gridley's (Artillery) Regt.; company receipt for advance pay dated Winter Hill, July 14, 1775; also, Matross, same Co. and Regt.; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; enlisted May 29, 1775; service, 2 mos., 8 days; also, company return dated Camp at Winter Hill, Sept. 27, 1775; also, order for bounty coat or its equivalent in money dated Winter Hill, Jan. 2, 1776. Farrar, Nathaniel, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Oliver Barron's Co., Col. David Green's Regt., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 9 days. Farrar, Timothy, Chelmsford. Capt. Ebenezer Bancroft's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; company receipt for advance pay dated Camp before Boston, July 24, 1775; also, same Co. and Regt.; order for bounty coat or its equivalent in money dated Nov. 4, 1775. Farrar, Timothy. Company receipt given to Capt. John Ford, for mileage, dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1776; also, company receipt given to Capt. Joeh Ford, for wages due Oct. 1, 1776, dated Ticonderoga and endorsed "marched from Chelmsford, July 25, 1776, discharged at Albany, Jan. 1, 1777." Farrer, Peter. Private, Capt. Amos Foster's Co., Col. Cyprian How's Regt.; enlisted July 8, 1780; discharged Oct. 10, 1780; service, 3 mos., 3 days, at Rhode Island; company detached from 7th Middlesex Co. Regt. to reinforce Continental Army for 3 months. Farror, Timothy, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Ebenezer Bancroft's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's Regt.; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; enlisted May 4, 1775; service, 3 mos., 5 days; also, company return dated Sept. 25, 1775. Farror, Timothy, Chelmsford. List of men for the 6 months' service and returned by Brig. Gen. Paterson as having passed muster in a return dated Camp Totoway, Oct. 25, 1780. Farrow, Nathaniel, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Varnum's Co., Col. Michael Jackson's Regt.; Continental Army pay accounts for service from April 28, 1777, to Dec. 31, 1779; residence, Chelmsford; engaged for Chelms- ford; term, 3 yrs. Farwell, Eleazer. Private, Capt. John Ford's Co. of volunteers. Col. Jonathan Reed's Regt.; enlisted Sept. 27, 1777; discharged Nov. 8, 1777; service, 43 days; company marched Sept. 30, 1777, to reinforce Northern Army; roll dated Chelmsford. Fips, Charles. Company receipt given to Capt. John Ford for mileage, dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1776; also, company receipt given to Capt. John Ford for wages to Oct. 1, 1776, dated Ticonderoga, and endorsed "marched from Chelmsford, July 25, 1776, discharged at Albany, Jan. 1, 1777." 318 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Fleming, Patrick, Chelmsford. Capt. Micajah Gleason's Co., Col. Nixon's Regt.; company receipt for advance pay dated Cambridge, June 10, 1775; also, Sergeant, Capt. Moses Hart's Co., Col. Paul Dudley Sergeant's Regt.; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; enlisted April 24, 1775; service, 98 days; also, same Co. and Regt.; order for bounty coat or its equivalent in money dated Dec. 13, 1775. Fletcher, Charles, Chelmsford. Private, Col. Moses Parker's Co. which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 9 days; also Sergeant, Capt. Benjamin Walker's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; company receipt for advance pay dated Cambridge, June 24, 1775; also, same Co. and Regt.; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; enlisted May 28, 1775; service, 3 mos., 11 days; also, company return (probably Oct., 1775); also, order for bounty coat or its equivalent in money dated Cambridge, Nov. 30, 1775. Fletcher, Elijah. Private, Capt. John Ford's Co. of volunteers. Col. Jonathan Reed's Regt.; enlisted Sept. 27, 1777; discharged Nov. 8, 1777; service, 1 mo., 13 days; company marched Sept. 30, 1777, to reinforce Northern army. Roll dated Chelmsford. Fletcher, Henry, Chelmsford. Private, Col. Moses Parker's Co., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 21 days; roll endorsed "Lieut. Benjamin Walker's roll" ; also, Capt. John Ford's Co. of volunteers Col. Jonathan Reed's Regt.; enlisted Sept. 27, 1777; discharged Nov. 8, 1777; service, 1 mo., 13 days; company marched Sept. 30, 1777, to reinforce Northern Army; also, descriptive list of men raised in Middlesex Co. to serve in the Continental Army for the term of 9 months, agreeable to resolve of June 9, 1779, returned as received of Justin Ely, Commissioner, by Capt. James Cooper, at Springfield, July 19, 1779; Capt. Ford's Co., Col. Brown's Regt.; age, 25 yrs. ; stature, 5 ft., 8 in.; complexion, light; engaged for town of Chelmsford; also, list of men raised for Continental service, as returned by Brig. Gen. Eleazer Brooks to Maj. Hosmer, dated Lincoln, July 21, 1779; also, list of men raised for Continental service, as returned by Joseph Hosmer, Superintendent for Middlesex Co., Nov. 24, 1779; also, Capt. Varnum's Co., Col. Michael Jackson's (8th) Regt.; entered service July 15, 1779; discharged April 15, 1780; term, 9 months. Fletcher, Josiah (also given Jr.), Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Oliver Barron's Co., Col. David Green's Regt., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 9 days; also, Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Bridge's Regt.; descriptive list dated June 15, 1775; age, 18 yrs.; stature, 5 ft., 6 in.; complexion, light; occupation, farmer; residence, Chelmsford; enlisted, April 28, 1775; also. Private, Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; enlisted April 28, 1775; service, 3 mos., 11 days; also, company return dated Sept. 25, 1775; also, Capt. John Ford's Co. of Volunteers, Col. Jonathan Reed's Regt.; enlisted Sept. 27, 1777; discharged Nov. 8, 1777; service, 1 mo., 13 days; company marched Sept. 30, 1777, to reinforce Northern Army; also, descriptive list of men raised in Middlesex Co. for the term of 9 mos, from the time of their arrival at Fishkill; Capt. Ford's Co., Col. Spaulding's Regt.; age, 20 yrs.; stature, 5 ft., 8 in.; residence, Chelmsford; engaged for town of Chelmsford; also, list of men returned as received of Jonathan Warner, Commissioner, by Col. R. Putnam, July 20, 1778; arrived at Fishkill, June 20, 1778. Fletcher, Levi, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. John Ford's Co. of Volunteers, Col. Jonathan Reed's Regt.; enlisted Sept. 27, 1777; discharged Nov. 8, 1777; service, 1 mo., 13 days; company marched Sept. 30, 1777, to re- inforce Northern Army; also, Capt. Thomas Hovey's Co., Col. Nathan Tyler's Regt.; enlisted July 6, 1779; discharged Dec. 16 (also given Dec. 18), 1779; service, 5 mos., 16 days, travel included, at Rhode Island; also, same Co. and Regt.; pay roll for Dec, 1779; allowing 1 mo., 5 days service at Rhode Island. RECORDS OF CHELMSFORD MEN IN THE REVOLUTION 319 Fletcher, Oliver, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Oliver Barron's Co., Col. David Green's Regt., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 8 days; also, Capt. Zaccheus Wright's Co., Col. Brooks's Regt.; company return dated Camp at White Plains, Oct. 31, 1776. Fletcher, Sampson. Private, Capt. Jonathan Minott's Co., Col. Baldwin's Regt.; pay abstract for travel allowance to and from home, dated Cam- bridge, Jan. 12, 1776; also, Capt. Edmund Longley's Co., Col. Cogswell's Regt.; enlisted Sept. 22, 1778; discharged Dec. 31, 1778; service. 3 mos., 12 days, travel included; company detached to fortify posts at and about Boston. Fletcher, Samuel, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Oliver Barron's Co., Col. David Green's Regt., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 4 days; also, Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Roberson's (Robinson's) Regt.; company receipt for wages from Feb. 5, 1776, to April 1, 1776, dated Chelmsford. Fletcher, Sherebiah, Chelmsford. Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Roberson's (Robinson's) Regt.; company receipt for wages from Feb. 5, 1776, to April 1, 1776, dated Chelmsford; also. Private, Capt. James Varnum's Co., Col. Michael Jackson's Regt.; Continental Army pay accounts for service from May 15, 1777, to May 15, 1780; residence, Chelmsford; engaged for town of Chelmsford ; term, 3 years. Fletcher, William. Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Roberson's (Robinson's) Regt.; company receipt for wages from Feb. 5, 1776, to April 1. 1776, dated Chelmsford; also; Private, Capt. John Ford's Co. of Volunteers, Col. Jonathan Reed's Regt.; enlisted Sept. 27, 1777; discharged Nov. 8, 1777; service, 1 mo., 13 days; company marched Sept. 30, 1777, to re- inforce Northerm Army; roll dated Chelmsford. Fletcher, William, 3d, Chelmsford. Private, Col. Moses Parker's Co., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 11 days; roll endorsed "Lieut. Benjamin Walker's roll." Fletcher, Zaccheus, Chelmsford. Private, Col. Moses Parker's Co., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 9 days; roll endorsed "Lieut. Benjamin Walker's roll"; also, Lieut. John Flint's Co.; order on Maj. Barber dated Cambridge, June 24, 1775, signed by Col. E. Bridge, for cartridge boxes; also, Capt. Benjamin Walker's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; company receipt for advance pay dated Cambridge, June 24, 1775; also Private, same Co. and Regt.; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; enlisted April 28, 1775; service, 3 mos., 11 days; also, company return (probably Oct., 1775); also, company receipt given to Capt. John Ford for mileage, dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1776; also, company receipt given to Capt. John Ford for wages due to Oct. 1, 1776, dated Ticonderoga, and endorsed "marched from Chelmsford, July 25, 1776, discharged at Albany, Jan. 1, 1777." Ford, John, Chelmsford. Sergeant, Capt. Oliver Barron's Co., Col. David Green's Regt., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 6 days. Ford, John, Chelmsford. Captain, Col. Ebenezer Bridge's Regt.; regimental return dated May 26, 1775; 59 men reported as in said Ford's Co.; also, Capt., Col. Bridge's Regt.; list of officers to be commissioned; ordered in Provincial Congress, May 27, 1775. that said officers be commissioned; also. Captain, 7th Middlesex Co. regt.; return of said Ford's Co.; com- missioned June 11, 1775; also. Captain, Col. Bridge's (27th) Regt.; engaged April 19, 1775; roll made up to Aug. 1, 1775; also, same regt.; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; engaged April 25, 1775; service, 3 mos., 14 days; also, company return dated Sept. 25, 1775; also. Captain; list of officers chosen Jan. 29. 1776, in a company raised in Billerica, Dracut, Chelmsford, Dunstable, Tewksbury and Bedford, to reinforce the army; list endorsed "to the first of April next"; ordered in Provincial Congress, Feb. 7, 1776, that said officers be commissioned; reported commissioned Feb. 7, 1776; also. Captain, 1st Co., Col. John Robinson's Regt.; list of officers to be commissioned; commissions reported as dated Feb. 5, 1776; Hst endorsed "to April 1, 1776"; also. Captain, same Regt.; regimental 320 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD return dated Camp Cambridge, Feb. 24, 1776; also, account of articles lost at Bunker Hill, June 17, 1775, by men belonging to his company, as certified by said Ford at Cambridge, March 18, 1776; also, Captain, 4th Co., 7th Middlesex Co. Regt. of Mass. militia; list of officers; com- missioned May 31, 1776; also. Captain; account of provisions delivered Col. Reed's Regt. while at Charlestown, N. H., in 1776, as returned by Joseph Gilbert, Commissary, dated Charlestown, Aug. 6, 1776; also, company receipt given to said Ford, for mileage and travel allowance, dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1776; also Captain, 4th Co. (North Co. in Chelmsford); list of officers chosen in said company, as returned by Simeon Spaulding, field officer, dated Chelmsford, July 5, 1776; ordered in Council, Sept. 3, 1776, that said officers be commissioned; also. Captain, Col. Jonathan Reed's Regt., Brig. Gen. Bricket's brigade; ammunition return dated Ticonderoga, Sept. 3, 1776; also, company receipt given to said Ford, for wages due Oct. 2, 1776, dated Ticonderoga; also, return of flints needed in Col. Reed's Regt., dated Ticonderoga, Oct. 4, 1776; also, Col. Reed's Regt.; regimental return dated Ticonderoga, Nov. 2, 1776; also, same Regt.; return for rations dated Nov. 30, 1776; rations allowed said Ford from July 11, 1776, to Nov. 30, 1776; credited with 143 days allowance; also, same Regt.; pay abstract for travel allowance from Albany, home, in 1776, dated Chelmsford and endorsed "company marched from Chelmsford, July 25, 1776, containing 94 men, including officers, when mustered bj' Simeon Spaulding"; also. Captain of a Volunteer Co., Col. Reed's Regt.; engaged Spet. 27, 1777; discharged Nov. 8, 1777; service, 43 days; company marched Sept. 30, 1777, to reinforce Northern Army; roll dated Chelmsford. Foster, Isaac, Chelmsford. Private, Col. Moses Parker's Co., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service 16 days; also, Corporal, Capt. John Minot's Co., Col. Dike's Regt.; service from Dec. 13, 1776, to March 1, 1777; also, Sergeant, Capt. John Minot's Co., Col. Josiah Whitney's Regt.; arrived at destination May 10, 1777; discharged July 9, 1777; service, 2 mos., 9 days, travel included, at Rhode Island; roll dated Warwick Neck. Foster, Isaiah (also given Jr.), Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Oliver Barron's Co., Col. David Green's Regt., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 6 days; also, Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; company order for advance pay dated Camp at Cambridge, June 6, 1775; also, descriptive list dated June 15, 1775; Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Bridge's Regt.; age, 22 yrs. ; stature, 6 ft.; complexion, light; occupation, farmer; residence, Chelmsford; enlisted April 25, 1775; also. Private, same Co. and Regt.; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; enlisted April 25, 1775; service, 3 mos., 14 days; also, company return dated Sept. 25, 1775; also, Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Roberson's (Robinson's) Regt.; company receipt for wages from Feb. 5, 1776, to April 1, 1776, dated Chelmsford; also, Capt. Solomon Kidder's Co., Col. Brooks's Regt.; company return endorsed "1776"; said Foster reported at White Plains. Foster, Joseph, Chelmsford (also given Kittcrj')- Private, Major's Co., Col. Ebenezer Sprout's Regt.; Continental Army pay accounts for service from Jan. 1, 1777, to July 6, 1777; enlistment, during war; reported a prisoner from July 6, 1777; also reported deserted. Foster, Nathaniel, Chelmsford. Private, Col. Moses Parker's Co., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 7 days; also, Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Bridge's Regt.; company order for advance pay dated Cambridge, June 6, 1775; also, descriptive list dated June 15, 1775; Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27) Regt.; age, 20 yrs.; stature, 6 ft.; complexion, dark; occupation, farmer; residence, Chelms- ford; enlisted April 26, 1775; also, Private, same Co. and Regt.; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; enlisted April 26, 1775; service, 3 mos., 13 days; also, company return dated Chelmsford, Sept. 25. 1775. RECORDS OF CHELMSFORD MEN IN THE REVOLUTION 321 Foster, Noah, Chelmsford. Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Bridge's Regt.; company order for advance pay dated Cambridge, June 6, 1775; also, descriptive list dated June 15, 1775; Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; age, 18 yrs.; stature, 5 ft., 6 in.; complexion, light; occupation, farmer; residence, Chelmsford; enlisted April 27, 1775; also. Private, same Co. and Regt.; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; en- listed April 27, 1775; service, 3 mos., 12 days; also, company return dated Sept. 25, 1775; also, Capt. William Hudson Ballard's Co., Col. John Brooks's (late Col. Ichabod Alden's) 7th Regt.; Continental Army pay accounts for service from March 10, 1777, to Oct. 7, 1777; reported killed in battle Oct. 7, 1777; also, Capt. Ballard's Co., 6th Mass. Regt., lately commanded by Col. Ichabod Alden; return of men in camp on or before Aug. 15, 1777; also, Capt. Ballard's Co., Col. Ichabod Alden's battalion; return dated Albany, Jan. 12, 1778; residence, Chelmsford; enlisted for town of Chelmsford; term, 3 years; mustered by Col. Barrett, Muster Master for Middlesex Co., and by a Continental Muster Master. Foster, Reuben, Chelmsford. Private, Col. Moses Parker's Co., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 8 days; roll endorsed "Lieut. Benjamin Walker's roll"; also, Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; descriptive list dated June 15, 1775; age, 23 yrs.; stature, 6 ft., 1 in.; complexion, light; occupation, farmer; residence, Chelmsford; enlisted April 27, 1775; also. Private, same Co. and Regt.; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; enlisted April 27, 1775; service, 3 mos., 12 days; also, company return dated Sept. 25, 1775. Freland, John, Chelmsford. Sergeant, Col. Moses Parker's Co., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 17 days; roll endorsed "Lieut. Benjamin Walker's roll." French, John. Private, Capt. John Ford's Co. of Volunteers, Col. Jonathan Reed's Regt.; enlisted Sept. 27, 1777; discharged Oct. 20, 1777; service, 23 days; company marched to reinforce Northern Army, Sept. 30, 1777. Roll dated Chelmsford. French, Samuel. Private, Capt. John Ford's Co. of Volunteers, Col. Jonathan Reed's Regt.; enlisted Sept. 27, 1777; discharged Oct. 20, 1777; service, 23 days; company marched Sept. 30, 1777, to reinforce Northern Army Roll dated Chelmsford. Garey, Joseph. Return of cartridges for Capt. Ford's Co. received from Nov. 4th to Jan. 6th (year not given). Gibson, William, Chelmsford. Descriptive list of men raised in Middlesex Co. to serve in the Continental Army for the term of 9 months from the time of their arrival at Fishkill; age, 20 yrs.; stature, 5 ft., 6 in.; residence, Chelmsford; arrived at Fishkill, June 26, 1778. Glode, John, Chelmsford. Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; order for advance pay, signed by said Glode and others, dated Cambridge, June 6, 1775; also, descriptive list dated June 15, 1775; Capt. Ford's Co., Col. Bridge's Regt.; age, 25 yrs.; stature, 5 ft., 10 in.; complexion, dark; occupation, farmer; residence, Chelmsford; enlisted April 28, 1775; also, Private, same Co. and Regt.; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; enlisted April 28, 1775; service, 3 mos., 11 days; also, company return dated Sept. 25, 1775; also, list of men raised to serve in the Continental Army (year not given); residence, Chelmsford; en- gaged for town of Chelmsford; term, 3 years; also. Private, Capt. James Varnum's Co., Col. Michael Jackson's Regt.; Continental Army pay accounts for service from May 15, 1777, to May 15, 1780. Goold, Ebenezer, Chelmsford. Private, Col. Moses Parker's Co., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 9 days; roll endorsed "Lieut. Benjamin Walker's roll"; also, Capt. Walker's Co., Col. Bridge's Regt.; receipt for advance pay, signed by said Goold and others, dated Cambridge, June 24, 1775. Goold, Ebenezer, Jr. Receipt dated Chelmsford, April 19, 1776, signed by said Goold and others, for wages for service from Feb. 5, 1776, to April 1, 1776, in Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Roberson's (Robinson's) Regt. 322 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Gould, Ebenezer, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Benjamin Walker's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; enlisted April 28, 1775; service, 3 mos., 11 days; also, company return (probably Oct., 1775); also, Capt. Zaccheus Wright's Co., Col. Brook's Regt.; company return dated Camp at White Plains, Oct. 31, 1776; reported as fit for duty and in camp. Green, Thomas, Chelmsford. List of men raised in Middlesex Co., as returned by Brig. Gen. Eleazer Brooks to Maj. Hosmer, dated Lincoln, July 21, 1779; Capt. Minot's Co., 7th Middlesex Co. Regt.; also, list of men raised agreeable to resolve of June 9, 1779, returned by Joseph Hosmer, Superintendent; also, descriptive list of men raised in Middlesex Co. to serve in the Continental Army for the term of 9 months, returned as received of Justin Ely, Commissioner, by Capt. James Cooper, at Spring- field, July 19, 1779; Capt. Minot's Co., Col. Brown's Regt.; age, 27 yrs. ; stature, 5 ft., 7 (also given 5 ft., 6) in.; complexion, light; residence, Chelmsford; engaged for town of Chelmsford; also. Col. Michael Jack- son's (8th) Regt.; engaged July 15, 1779; discharged April 15, 1780; term, 9 mos. Hall, James, Chelmsford. List of men raised in Middlesex Co. to reinforce the Continental Army, as returned by Brig. Gen. Eleazer Brooks to Maj. Hosmer, dated Lincoln; also, list of men raised agreeable to resolve of June 9, 1779, as returned by Joseph Hosmer, Superintendent; also, descriptive list of men raised in Middlesex Co. to serve in the Continental Army for the term of 9 mos., returned as received of Justin Ely, Com- missioner, by Capt. James Cooper, at Springfield, July 19, 1779; Capt. Minot's Co., Col. Brown's (7th Middlesex Co.) Regt.; age, 25 (also given 35) yrs.; stature, 5 ft., 7 in.; complexion, light; residence, Chelms- ford; engaged for town of Chelmsford; also. Col. Michael Jackson's (8th) Regt.; entered service July 15, 1779; discharged April 15, 1780; term' 9 mos. Hall, Willard. Company receipt dated Chelmsford, April 19, 1776, for wages for service in Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Roberson's (Robinson's) Regt.; from Feb. 5, 1776, to April 1, 1776; also, company receipt for mileage, given to Capt. John Ford, dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1770; also, company receipt for wages to Oct. 1, 1776, given to Capt. John Ford, dated Ticonderoga, and endorsed "25 July 76 march's from Chelmsford & discharged at Albany on 1 Jary 77." Hardey, Sampson. Company receipt for mileage, given to Capt. John Ford, dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1776. Hardwick, William, Westford (also given Dunstable and Chelmsford). List of men raised to serve in the Continental Army from Capt. Peletiah Fletcher's Co., 6th Middlesex Co. Regt., as returned by Col. Jonathan Reed to Brig. Gen. Prescott, dated Littleton, Sept. 17, 1777; residence, Westford (also given Dunstable); engaged for town of Westford (also given Dunstable); joined Capt. Ballard's Co., Col. Alden's Regt.; term, 3 5'rs., to expire in 1780; reported a transient; also. Private, Capt. William Hudson Ballard's Co., Col. Brooks's Regt.; Continental Army pay accounts for service from March 15, 1777, to Feb. 2, 1778; reported "Taken prisnor & Deserted"; also, Capt. Ballard's Co., 6th Mass. Regt. lately commanded by Col. Ichabod Alden; return of men who were in camp on or before Aug. 15, 1777; reported taken prisoner July 21 (also given July 20), 1777, escaped from captivity Jan. 10, 1778, and joined (date illegible) ; also Capt. Ballard's Co., Col. Ichabod Alden's Regt. ; return dated Albany, Jan. 12, 1778; mustered by Col. Varrick, Muster Master for Middlesex Co., and by a Continental Muster Master; also, Private, 1st Co., Lieut. Col. John Brooks's (7th) Regt.; return made up to Dec. 31, 1779; also, descriptive list dated Feb. 20, 1782; Capt. Jonathan Felt's Co., Lieut. Col. Brooks's Regt.; age, 35 yrs.; stature, 5 ft., 8 in.; com- plexion, light; hair, light; enlisted March 9, 1779 (also given March 9, 1777); enlistment, during war; also, list of men who deserted subsequent to Jan. 1, 1777, dated West Point, Aug. 18, 1782; Capt. Felt's Co., Lieut. Col. Brooks's Regt.; residence, Chelmsford; deserted July 20, 1777, from Ticonderoga. RECORDS OF CHELMSFORD MEN IN THE REVOLUTION 323 Hastings, Walter, Chelmsford. Surgeon, Col. Ebenezer Bridge's Regt. of Minute-Men; marched April 19, 1775; service, 4 days (name crossed out on roll); also, same Regt.; list of surgeons and surgeons' mates, examined and approved by a committee of Congress at Watertown, July 5, 1775; also, same Regt.; engaged April 24, 1775; service to Aug. 1, 1775, 3 mos., 15 days; also, return made by Lieut. Col. John Brooks to the Council, of officers to be commissioned in Col. Michael Jackson's Regt. (year not given); also, Surgeon, Col. Michael Jackson's (8th) Regt.; Continental Army pay accounts for service from Jan. 1, 1780, to Dec. 31, 1780. Hays, Thomas. Return of cartridges for Capt. Ford's Co. received from Nov. 4, to Jan. 6 (year not given). Hayward, Samuel. Capt. Ford's Co., Col. Bridge's Regt.; order for advance pay, signed by said Hayward and others, dated Cambridge, June 6, 1775; also, account showing sums of money to be paid from the public treasury to sundry persons for losses sustained at battles of Lexington and Bunker Hill; amounts allowed in Council, June 13, 1776. Haywood, Benjamin, Chelmsford. Descriptive list dated June 15, 1775; Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Bridge's Regt.; age, 21 yrs.; stature, 5 ft., 5 in.; complexion, light; occupation, farmer; residence, Chelmsford; enlisted April 28, 1775; also, Private, Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; enlisted April 28, 1775; service, 3 mos., 11 days; also, company return dated Sept. 25, 1775; also, company receipt, given to Capt. John Ford, for money due to Oct. 2, 1776, dated Ticonderoga. Haywood [Heyward], Joseph. Private, Capt. Amos Foster's Co., Col. Cyprian How's Regt.; enlisted July 28, 1780; discharged, Oct. 30, 1780; service, 3 mos., 8 days, including 5 days (100 miles) travel home; company detached from 7th Middlesex Co. Regt. to reinforce Continental Army for 3 months, and ordered part to Fishkill and part to Rhode Island. Haywood, Jesse. Private, Capt. Joseph Bradley Varnum'sCo.,Col. Mclntush's (Mcintosh's) Regt., Gen. Lovel's Brigade; enlisted July 29, 1778; dis- charged Sept. 11, 1778; service, 1 mo., 18 days, on expedition to Rhode Island, including 5 days (100 miles) travel home. Roll dated Dracut. Haywood, Samuel, Chelmsford. Descriptive list dated June 15, 1775; Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Bridge's Regt.; age, 17 yrs.; stature, 5 ft., 6 in.; complexion, dark; occupation, farmer; residence, Chelmsford; enlisted April 26, 1775; also. Private, Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; enlisted April 26, 1775; service, 3 mos., 13 days; also, company return dated Sept. 25, 1775. (He)adlock, John. Private, Capt. John Ford's (Volunteer) Co., Col. Jonathan Reed's Regt.; engaged Sept. 28, 1777; discharged Nov. 8, 1777; service, 40 days; company probably raised in Dracut, Chelmsford, and Dun- stable, and marched to reinforce Northern Army, Sept. 30, 1777. Heasten, James. Receipt dated Chelmsford, April 19, 1776. signed by said Heasten and others belonging to Capt. John Ford's Co., Col Robinson's Regt., for wages for service from Feb. 5, 1776, to April 1, 1776 Heaward, Benjamin. Private, Capt. John Ford's (Volunteer) Co., Col Jonathan Reed's Regt.; engaged Sept. 28, 1777; discharged Nov. 8 1777; service, 40 days; company probably raised in Dracut, Chelmsford and Dunstable, and marched to reinforce Northern Army, Sept. 30, 1777 Heawood, Willard. Private, Capt. John Ford's (Volunteer) Co., Col. Jona than Reed's Regt.; engaged Sept. 28, 1777; discharged Nov. 8, 1777 service, 40 days; company probably raised in Dracut, Chelmsford, and Dunstable, and marched to reinforce Northern Army, Sept. 30, 1777. Heywood, Benjamin, Chelmsford (probably). List of men probably belonging to Chelmsford, dated May 1, 1775; also, company receipt for mileage, given to Capt. John Ford, dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1776; also, company receipt for wages to Oct. 1, 1776, given to Capt. John Ford, dated Ticonderoga; company marched from Chelmsford, July 25, 1776, and was discharged at Albany, Jan. 1, 1777. 324 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Heywood, Jesse, Chelmsford (probably). List of men probably belonging to Chelmsford, dated May 1, 1775; also, company receipt for mileage, given to Capt. John Ford, dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1776; also, company receipt for wages to Oct. 1, 1776, given to Capt. John Ford, dated Ticonderoga; company marched from Chelmsford, July 25, 1776, and was discharged at Albany, Jan. 1, 1777. Heywood, John. Company receipt, dated Chelmsford, April 19, 1776, for wages from Feb. 5, 1776, to April 1, 1776, for service in Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Roberson's (Robinson's) Regt. Heywood, Samuel, Chelmsford (probably). List of men probably belonging to Chelmsford, dated May 1, 1775. Hibbord, Lazarus. Company receipt for mileage, given to Capt. John Ford, dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1776; also, company receipt, given to Capt. John Ford, for wages to Oct. 1, 1776, dated Ticonderoga; company marched from Chelmsford, July 25, 1776, and was discharged at Albany, Jan. 1, 1777. Hildreth, Elijah. Drummer, Capt. Jonathan Minott's Co., Col. Baldwin's Regt.; pay abstract for mileage to and from headquarters, dated Cambridge, Jan. 12, 1776. Hildreth, Elijah. Receipt dated Chelmsford, April 19, 1776, signed by said Hildreth and others belonging to Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Roberson's (Robinson's) Regt., for wages for service from Feb. 5, 1776, to April 1, 1776. Hildreth, Zachariah, Boston. List of men mustered by Nathaniel Barber, Muster Master for Suffolk Co., dated Boston, June 8, 1777; Capt. Langdon's Co., Col. Henry Jackson's Regt. Hodgman, Asa. Private, Capt. Joshua Parker's Co., Col. Robinson's Regt.; enlisted Aug. 2, 1777; service to Jan. 1, 1778, at Rhode Island. Hogmon [or Hodgman], Asa, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Zaccheus Wright's Co., Col. Brooks's Regt.; company return dated Camp at White Plains, Oct. 31, 1776. How, Ehpraim. Company receipt for mileage, given to Capt. John Ford, dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1776; also company receipt for wages to Oct. 1, 1776, given to Capt. John Ford, dated Ticonderoga; company marched from Chelmsford, July 25, 1776, and was discharged at Albany, Jan. 1, 1777. Howard, Benjamin, Chelmsford. List of 6 months men raised agreeable to resolve of June 5, 1780, returned as received of Maj. Joseph Hosmer, Superintendent for Middlesex Co., by Justin Ely, Commissioner; also, descriptive list of men raised to reinforce the Continental Army for the term of 6 months, agreeable to resolve of June 5 1780, returned as received of Justin Ely, Commissioner, by Maj. Peter Harwood, of 6th Mass. Regt., at Springfield, July 2, 1780; age, 20 yrs.; stature, 5 ft., 8 in.; complexion, light; engaged for town of Chelmsford; marched to camp July 2, 1780, under command of Capt. Phineas Parker; also, list of men raised for the 6 months' service and returned by Brig. Gen. Paterson as having passed muster in a return dated Camp Totoway, Oct. 25, 1780; also, pay roll for 6 months men raised by the town of Chelmsford for service in the Continental Army at North river during 1780; marched from home June 30, 1780; discharged Jan. 2, 1781; service, 6 mos., 14 days, including 10 days (200 miles) travel home. Howard, Jacob, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Oliver Barron's Co. of Militia, Col. David Green's Regt., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 10 days. Howard, Samuel (also given Samuel Smith Howard), Chelmsford. Descrip- tive list dated West Point, Jan. 25, 1781; Col. John Greaton's (3d) Regt.; age, 22 yrs.; stature, 5 ft., 7^ in.; complexion, dark; hair, dark; eyes, dark; residence, Chelmsford; enlisted Nov. 18, 1776, by Lieut. Dorathy; enlistment, during war. [See Samuel Hayward.] Howard, Willard, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Oliver Barron's Co. of Militia, Col. David Green's Regt., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 2 days; Capt. John Ford's Co., marched Sept. 30, 1777 to reinforce the Northern Army. RECORDS OF CHELMSFORD MEN IN THE REVOLUTION 325 Hucherson, Nathaniel, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Simon Hunt's Co., Col. Brooks's Regt.; company return (year not given); reported wounded. Hughes, Richard. Company receipt for mileage, given to Capt. John Ford, dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1776; also, company receipt given to Capt. John Ford, for wages to Oct. 1, 1776, dated Ticonderoga; company marched from Chelmsford, July 25, 1776, and was discharged at Albany, Jan. 1, 1777. Hunt, John. Receipt dated Chelmsford, April 19, 1776, signed by said Hunt and others belonging to Capt. John Ford's Co., Col, Roberson's (Robin- son's) Regt., for wages for service from Feb. 5, 1776, to April 1, 1776. Hunt, Jonathan. Receipt dated Chelmsford, April 19, 1776, signed by said Hunt and others belonging to Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Roberson's (Robinson's) Regt., for wages for service from Feb. 5, 1776, to April, 1776. Hutchinson, Nathaniel, Chelmsford. List of men returned as serving on picket guard under Maj. Baldwin, dated May 2.3, 1775; reported detailed under Capt. Reuben Dickinson; also, Capt. Abishai Brown's Co., Col. John Nixon's (5th) Regt.; receipt for advance pay, signed by said Hutchinson and others, dated Cambridge, June 26, 1775; also, Private, same Co. and Regt.; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; enlisted April 28, 1775; service, 3 mos., 11 days; also, company return dated Sept. 30, 1775; said Hutchinson's place reported as having been taken by Joseph Herriman. Hyde, Simon. Company receipt dated Chelmsford, April 19, 1776, for wages for service from Feb. 5, 1776, to April 1, 1776, in Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Roberson's (Robinson's) Regt. Jacob, Sa'l. Return of cartridges for Capt. Ford's Co. received from Nov. 4 to Jan. 6 (year not given). Johnson, Obadiah. Company receipt tor mileage, given to Capt. John Ford, dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1776; also, copy of a company receipt, given to Capt. John Ford, for money due Oct. 2, 1776, dated Ticonderoga. Jons, Jonathan. Return of cartridges for Capt. Ford's Co. received from Nov. 4 to Jan. 6 (year not given). Jonson, Obadiah. Company receipt, given to Capt. John Ford, for wages to Oct. 1, 1776, dated Ticonderoga; company marched from Chelmsford, July 25, 1776. and was discharged at Albany, Jan. 1, 1777. Keent, Isaac, Jr., Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Oliver Barron's Co. of militia, Col. David Green's Regt., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 6 days. Kent, Isaac, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Moses Barns's Co., Lieut. Col. Perce's (Pierce's) Regt.; enlisted May 24, 1779; service to July 1, 1779, 1 mo., 7 days, at Rhode Island; enlistment, 2 months, to expire July 1, 1779. Keyes, Daniel, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Oliver Barron's Co. of Militia, Col. David Green's Regt., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 6 days; also, Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; order for advance pay, signed by said Keyes and others, dated Cambridge, June 6, 1775; also. Sergeant, same Co. and Regt.; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; enlisted April 25, 1775; service, 3 mos., 14 days; also, account of articles lost at the battle of Bunker Hill, June 17, 1775, certified at Cambridge, March 18, 1776. Keyes, John, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Oliver Barron's Co. of Militia, Col. David Green's Regt., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 6 days; also, list of men mustered by Nathaniel Barber, Muster Master for Suffolk Co., dated Boston, March 30, 1777; Capt. Lane's Co., Col. Nixon's Regt.; also. Sergeant, Capt. Amos Foster's Co., Col. Cyprian How's Regt.; entered service July 28, 1780, 3 days preceding march; discharged Oct. 30, 1780; service, 3 mos., 8 days, probably at Rhode Island, including 5 days (100 miles) travel home; company detached from 7th Middlesex Co. Regt. and ordered part to Rhode Island and part to Fishkill; regiment raised to reinforce Continental Army for 3 months. 326 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Keyes, Solomon, Chelmsford. Capt. Ford's Co., Col. Bridge's Regt.; order for advance pay, signed by said Keyes and others, dated Cambridge, June 6, 1775; also, descriptive list dated June 15, 1775; Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Bridge's Regt.; age, 23 yrs. ; stature, 5 ft., 10 in.; com- plexion, light; occupation, farmer; residence, Chelmsford; enlisted April 29, 1775; also, company receipt dated Chelmsford, April 19, 1776, for wages for service from Feb. 5, 1776, to April 1, 1776, in Capt. Ford's Co., Col. Roberson's (Robinson's) Regt.; also, company receipt for mileage, given to Capt. John Ford, dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1776; also, company receipt, given to Capt. John Ford, for wages to Oct. 1, 1776, dated Ticonderoga; company marched from Chelmsford, July 25, 1776, and was discharged at Albany, Jan. 1, 1777. Keyes, Uriah. Company receipt dated Chelmsford, April 19, 1776, for wages for service from Feb. 5, 1776, to April 1, 1776, in Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Roberson's (Robinson's) Regt. Keys, John, Chelmsford. Descriptive list dated June 15, 1775; Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Bridge's Regt.; age, 26 yrs.; stature, 6 ft.; complexion, fresh; occupation, farmer; residence, Chelmsford; enlisted April 25, 1775; also, Private, Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; enlisted April 25, 1775; service, 3 mos., 14 days; also, list of men raised to serve in the Continental Army; residence, Chelmsford; engaged for town of Chelmsford; term, 3 years; also, Sergeant, 8th Co., Col. Thomas Nixon's Regt.; Continental Army pay accounts for service from Jan. 1, 1777, to Dec. 31, 1779; also, Capt. Jabez Lane's Co., Col. Thomas Nixon's (5th) Regt.; return of men who were in camp on or before Aug. 15, 1777, and who had not been absent subsequently except on furlough, etc., certified in Camp at Peekskill, Feb. 16, 1779; also, Maj. Joseph Thompson's Co., Col. Nixon's (6th) Regt.; pay rolls for June — Oct., 1779; also, Maj. Peter Harwood's Co., Col. Nixon's Regt.; pay rolls for Nov. and Dec, 1779; reported discharged Jan. 1, 1780; also. Major's Co.; account of clothing delivered for the year 1780; receipt for said clothing dated Peekskill, Dec. 5, 1779. Keys, Solomon, Chelmsford. Private, Col. Moses Parker's Co., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 10 days; roll endorsed "L't. Benj. Walkers Roll"; also, Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; enlisted April 29, 1775; service, 3 mos., 10 days. Kidder, Phineas, Chelmsford. Order on Maj. Barber, dated Cambridge, June 24, 1775, signed by Col. E. Bridge, for cartridge boxes for said Kidder and others belonging to Lieut. John Flint's Co.; also. Private, Capt, Benjamin Walker's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; company return (probably Oct., 1775); also, order for bounty coat or its equivalent in money dated Cambridge, Nov. 30, 1775; also, Private, Capt. Stephen Russell's Co., Col. Samuel Bullard's Regt., Gen. Warner's Brigade; enlisted Aug. 15, 1777; discharged Nov. 30, 1777; service, 3 mos., 28 days, in Northern department, including 12 days (240 miles) travel home; roll dated Dracut; also, list of 6 months men raised agreeable to resolve of June 5, 1780, returned as received of Maj. Joseph Hosmer, Superintendent for Middlesex Co., by Justin Ely, Commissioner; also, descriptive list of men raised to reinforce the Continental Army for the term of 6 months, agreeable to resolve of June 5, 1780, returned as re- ceived of Justin Ely, Commissioner, by Brig. Gen. John Glover, at Springfield, July 7, i780; age, 23 yrs.; stature, 5 ft., 9 in.; complexion, dark; engaged for town of Chelmsford; marched to camp July 7, 1780, under command of Capt. Dix; also, list of men raised for the 6 months' service and returned by Brig. Gen. Paterson as having passed muster in a return dated Camp Totoway, Oct. 25, 1780; also, pay roll for 6 months men raised by the town of Chelmsford for service in the Continental Army at North River during 1780; marched from home June 30, 1780; discharged Jan. 7, 1781; service, 6 mos., 19 days, including 10 days (200 miles) travel home. RECORDS OF CHELMSFORD MEN IN THE REVOLUTION 327 Kyes, Daniel, Chelmsford. Sergeant, Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Bridge's (27th) Regt.; descriptive list dated June 15, 1775; age, 37 yrs. ; stature, 5 ft., 10 in.; complexion, fresh; occupation, farmer; residence, Chelmsford; enlisted April 25, 1775; also, company return dated Sept. 25, 1775. Kyes, John, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; company return dated Sept. 25, 1775. Kyes, Solomon, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; company return dated Sept. 25, 1775. Lancey, Samuel, Chelmsford. List of 6 months men raised agreeable to resolve of June 5, 1780, returned as received of Maj. Joseph Hosmer, Superintendent for Middlesex Co., by Justin Ely, Commissioner, dated Springfield; also, descriptive list of men raised to reinforce the Con- tinental Army for the term of 6 months agreeable to resolve of June 5, 1780, returned as received of Justin Ely, Commissioner, by Maj. Peter Harwood, of 6th Mass. regt., at Springfield, July 2, 1780; age, 20 yrs.; stature, 5 ft., 9 in.; complexion, light; engaged for town of Chelmsford; marched to camp July 2, 1780, under command of Capt. Phineas Parker; also, list of men raised for the 6 months' service and returned by Brig. Gen. Paterson as having passed muster in a return dated Camp Totoway, Oct. 25, 1780; also, pay roll for 6 months men raised by the town of Chelmsford for service in the Continental Army at North River during 1780; marched from home June 30, 1780; discharged Dec. 19, 1780; service, 6 mos., including 10 days (200 miles) travel home. Lancy, Samuel, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. John Moore's Co., Col. Jonathan Reed's Regt. of guards; muster rolls dated Cambridge, May 9, and June 1, 1778; enlisted April 1, 1778; service guarding troops of con- vention; enlistment, 3 months from April 2, 1778; also, same Co. and Regt.; joined April 2, 1778; service to July 3, 1778, 3 mos., 2 days, at Cambridge; also. Corporal, Capt. Thomas Hovey's Co., Col. Nathan Tyler's Regt.; enlisted July 6, 1779; discharged Dec. 25 (also given Dec. 18), 1779; service, 5 mos., 25 (also given 5 mos., 17) days, at Rhode Island; also, same Co. and Regt.; pay roll for Dec, 1779, allowing 1 mo., 5 days service at Rhode Island, including travel (100 miles) home. Lane, John. Ensign; company receipt for mileage, given to Capt. John Ford, dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1776; also, company receipt for wages to Oct. 1, 1776, given to Capt. Ford, dated Ticonderoga; company marched from Chelmsford, July 25, 1776, and was discharged at Albany, Jan. 1, 1777; also. Ensign, Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Jonathan Reed's Regt.; rations allowed said Lane from July 11, 1776, to Nov. 30, 1776; credited with 143 days' allowance. Larkins, Peter, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Joshua Parker's Co., Col. William Prescott's Regt.; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; enlisted April 26, 1775; service, 97 days. Lew, Barzillai, Chelmsford. Descriptive list dated June 15, 1775; Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Bridge's Regt.; age, 30 yrs.; stature, 6 ft.; occu- pation, cooper; residence, Chelmsford; enlisted May 6, 1775; reported a negro; also, Fifer (also given Drummer), Capt. Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; enlisted May 6, 1775; service, 3 mos., 3 days; also, company return dated Sept. 25, l775; also, company receipt dated Chelmsford, April 19, 1776, for wages for service from Feb. 5, 1776, to April 1, 1776, in Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Roberson's (Robinson's) Regt.; also, company receipt for mileage, given to Capt. John Ford, dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1776; also, company receipt for wages to Oct. 1, 1776, given to Capt. John Ford dated Ticonderoga; company marched from Chelmsford, July 25, 1776, and was discharged at Albany, Jan. 1, 1777. Lloyd, Thomas, Boston (also given Chelmsford). Return of men raised to serve in the Continental Army from Capt. Ebenezer Gore's (1st) Co., Col. William Mcintosh's (1st Suffolk Co.) Regt.; engaged for town of Roxbury (also given Walpole); joined Capt. Sumner's Co., Col. Greaton's Regt.; term, 3 years, to expire April — , 1780; reported as from Ireland; also, list of men mustered by Nathaniel Barber, Muster 328 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Master for Suflfolk Co., dated Boston, March 16, 1777; Capt. Sumner's Co., Col. Greaton's Regt.; also, descriptive list of men mustered, as returned by Nathaniel Barber, Muster Master for Suffolk Co., dated Boston, June 25, 1780; Col. Nixon's Regt.; age, 25 yrs.; stature, 5 ft., 5 in.; complexion, dark; occupation, gentlemen soldier; residence, Chelms- ford; mustered by Capt. Chambers; also, descriptive list dated West Point, Jan. 20, 1781; Capt. Chambers's Co., Lieut. Col. Smith's (6th) Regt.; rank. Private; age, 24 yrs.; stature, 5 ft., 5 in.; complexion, dark; hair, dark; eyes, dark; occupation, tailor; residence, Boston; enlisted in 1780, by Capt. Chambers; enlistment, during war; also. Private, Capt. Matthew Chambers's Co., Lieut. Col. Calvin Smith's (6th) Regt.; return for wages; wages allowed said Lloyd for Jan., 1781 — ^July, 1782; reported sick in hospital Oct., 1781 — Jan., 1782, transferred to 2d Co. in Aug., 1782; also, Capt. Daniel Pilsbury's Co., Lieut. Col. Smith's Regt.; return for wages; wages allowed said Lloyd for Aug. — Dec, 1782; reported transferred from Capt. Chambers's Co., Aug. 1, 1782. Lunn, Samuel. Private, Capt. Reuben Butterfield's Co.; enlisted Dec. 16, 1776; discharged March 16, 1777; service, 90 days; travel home 15 days (300 miles) also allowed; also, Capt. John Ford's Co. of Volunteers, Col. Jonathan Reed's Regt.; enlisted Sept. 28 (also given Sept, 27), 1777; discharged Nov. 8, 1777; service, 40 (also given 43) days; company probably raised in Dracut, Chelmsford and Dunstable, and marched Sept. 30, 1777, to reinforce Northern Army. Macintir, Benjamin. Capt. Ford's Co., return of cartridges received from Nov. 4 to Jan. 6 (year not given). Macintir, Daniel. Capt. Ford's Co.; return of cartridges received from Nov. 4 to Jan. 6 (year not given). Maneng, John. Company receipt, given to Capt. John Ford, for wages to Oct. 1, 1776, dated Ticonderoga; company marched from Chelmsford, July 2.5, 1776, and was discharged at Albany, Jan. 1, 1777. Maning, John. Company receipt for mileage, given to Capt. John Ford, dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1776. March [Marsh], John. Private, Capt. John Ford's Co. of Volunteers, Col. Jonathan Reed's Regt.; enlisted Sept. 28 (also given Sept. 27), 1777; discharged Nov. 8, 1777; service, 40 days; company raised in Dracut, Chelmsford and Dunstable, and marched Sept. 30, 1777, to reinforce Northern Army. March [Marsh], John. Receipt dated Chelmsford, April 19, 1776, signed by said March and others, for wages for service from Feb. 5, 1776, to April 1, 1776, in Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Roberson's (Robinson's) Regt.; also, company receipt, given to Capt. John Ford, for mileage, dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1776; also, company receipt, given to Capt. John Ford, for wages to Oct. 1, 1776, dated Ticonderoga; company marched from Chelmsford, July 25, 1776, and was discharged at Albany, Jan. 1, 1777. Marchel [Marshall], David. Private, Capt. John Ford's Co. of Volunteers, Col. Jonathan Reed's Regt.; enlisted Sept. 28, 1777; discharged Nov. 8, 1777; service, 40 days; company probably raised in Dracut, Chelmsford and Dunstable, and marched Sept. 30, 1777, to reinforce Northern Army. Marshal, Isaac, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Zacchcus Wright's Co., Col. Brooks's Regt.; company return dated Camp at White Plains, Oct. 31, 1776; reported sent with the wounded; also, Capt. Stephen Russell's Co., Col. Samuel Bullard's Regt.; enlisted Aug. 15, 1777; discharged Nov. 30, 1777; service, 3 mos., 28 days, with Gen. Warner's Brigade in Northern department, including 12 days (240 miles) travel home; roll dated Dracut. Marshal, Samuel, Chelmsford. Private, Col. Moses Parker's Co., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 9 days; roll endorsed "L't. Bcnj Walkers Roll." Marshal, Thomas, Chelmsford. Corporal, Capt. Benjamin Walker's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; company return (probably Oct., 1775). RECORDS OF CHELMSFORD MEN IN THE REVOLUTION 329 Marshall, David, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Oliver Barron's Co. of Militia, Col. David Green's Regt., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 5 da>'s. Marshall, Isaac, Chelmsford. Private, Col. Moses Parker's Co., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 12 days; roll endorsed "L't Benj Walkers Roll"; also, Capt. John Minot's Co., Col. Josiah Whitney's Regt.; arrived at destination May 10, 1777; discharged July 9, 1777; service, 2 mos., 9 days, at Rhode Island, including travel (8 days) to and from place of destination; roll dated Warwick Neck. Marshall, Jacob, Chelmsford. List of 6 months men raised agreeable to resolve of June 5, 1780, returned as received of Maj. Joseph Hosmer, Superintendent for Middlesex Co., by Justin Ely, Commissioner; also, descriptive list of men raised to reinforce the Continental Army for the term of 6 months, agreeable to resolve of June 5, 1780, returned as received of Justin Ely, Commissioner, by Maj. Peter Harwood, of 6th Mass. Regt., at Springfield, July 2, 1780; age, 20 yrs.; stature, 5 ft., 9 in.; complexion, light; engaged for town of Chelmsford; marched to camp July 2, 1780, under command of Capt. Phineas Parker; also, list of men raised for the 6 months' service and returned by Brig. Gen. Paterson as having passed muster in a return dated Camp Totoway, Oct. 25, 1780; also, pay roll for 6 months men raised by the town of Chelmsford for service in the Continental Army at North river during 1780; marched from home June 30, 1780; discharged Jan. 2, 1781; service, 6 mos., 14 days, including 10 days (200 miles) travel home. Marshall, James, Chelmsford. List of 6 months men raised agreeable to resolve of June 5, 1780, returned as received of Maj. Joseph Hosmer, Superintendent for Middlesex Co., by Justin Ely, Commissioner; also, descriptive list of men raised to reinforce the Continental Army for the term of 6 months, agreeable to resolve of June 5, 1780, returned as received of Justin Ely, Commissioner, by Maj. Peter Harwood, of 6th Mass. Regt., at Springfield, July 2, 1780; age, 20 yrs.; stature, 5 ft., 9 in.; complexion, light; engaged for town of Chelmsford; marched to camp July 2, 1780, under command of Capt. Phineas Parker; also, list of men raised for the 6 months' service and returned by Brig. Gen. Paterson as having passed muster in a return dated Camp Totoway, Oct. 25, 1780; also, pay roll for 6 months men raised by the town of Chelmsford for service in the Continental Army at North river during 1780; marched from home June 30, 1780; discharged Jan. 2, 1781; service, 6 mos., 14 days, including 10 days (200 milesj travel home. Marshall, Joseph, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Oliver Barron's Co. of Militia, Col. David Green's Regt., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 5 days. Marshall, Samuel, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Oliver Barron's Co. of Militia, Col. David Green's Regt., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 9 days. Marshall, Samuel, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. John Ford's Co., Col, Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; enlisted April 29, 1775; service, 3 mos., 10 days. Marshall, Samuel, Chelmsford. Capt. Benjamin Walker's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; receipt for advance pay, signed by said Marshall and others, dated Cambridge, June 24, 1775; also, Private, same Co. and Regt.; company return (probably Oct., 1775). Marshall, Samuel, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. John Minot's Co., Col. Josiah Whitney's Regt.; arrived at destination May 10, 1777; dis- charged July 9, 1777; service, 2 mos., 9 days, at Rhode Island, including (8 days) to and from place of destination. Roll dated Warwick Neck. Marshall, Thomas, Chelmsford. Corporal, Capt. Benjamin W^alker's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's Regt.; receipt for advance pay, signed by said Marshall and others, dated Cambridge, June 24, 1775; also, muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; enlisted April 28, 1775; service, 3 mos., 11 days. 330 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Marshall, Thomas, Jr., Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Oliver Barron's Co. of Militia, Col. David Green's Regt., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 9 days. Marshel, Abel. Descriptive list of men raised in Middlesex Co., agreeable to resolve of Dec. 2, 1780, as returned by Joseph Hosmer, Superintendent for said county; age, 16 yrs. ; stature, 5 ft., 6 in.; complexion, light; hair, light; eyes, blue; occupation, farmer; engaged for town of Chelms- ford; engaged July .31, 1781; term, 6 months. Marshel, Samuel, Chelmsford. Descriptive list dated June 15, 1775; Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Bridge's Regt.; age, 23 yrs.; stature, 6 ft.; com- plexion, dark; occupation, farmer; residence, Chelmsford; enlisted April 29, 1775; also. Private, Capt. Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; company return dated Sept. 25, 1775. Marting, William, Walpole (also given Chelmsford). Private, Capt. Luke Drury's Co., Col. Jonathan Ward's Regt.; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; enlisted May 1, 1775; service, 3 mos., 7 days; also, company return (probably Oct., 1775); reported on command at Canada; also, certificate dated Grafton, May 25, 1776, signed by Capt. Luke Drury, certifying that said Marting had been a soldier in his company and had enlisted in Sept., 1775, into Capt. Jonas Hubbard's Co. for the expedition to Quebec, and that he had not received a bounty coat for that 8 months' service prior to said enlistment. Mastes, Amos, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Oliver Barron's Co. of Militia, Col. David Green's Regt., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 7 days. Maxell, Elijah. Order on Capt. Ford, payable to Lieut. Eaton, dated Cambridge, Jan. 26, 1778, signed by said Maxell, for 20s 6d out of his wages; also, company receipt for wages, etc., given to Capt. Cadwallader Ford, dated Wilmington, May 22, 1778. McClaning, John, Chelmsford. List of men raised for the 6 months' service and returned by Brig. Gen. Paterson as having passed muster in a return dated Camp Totoway, Oct. 25, 1780; also, list of men mustered in Middlesex Co.; engaged for town of Chelmsford; mustered March 4, 1781. McClannen, John. Pay roll for 6 months men raised by the town of Chelms- ford for service in the Continental Army at North river during 1780; marched from home June 30, 1780; discharged Dec. 10, 1780; service, 5 mos., 21 days, including 10 days (200 miles) travel home. McCom, Josiah. Capt. Furbush's Co., Col. Bridge's Regt.; receipt for advance pay, signed by said McCom and others, dated Cambridge, June 30, 1775. McKawes, Hugh, Chelmsford. List of men mustered to serve in the Con- tinental Army, as returned by Nathaniel Barber, Muster Master for Suffolk Co., dated Boston, April 26, 1780; Col. Nixon's Regt.; age, 25 yrs.; stature, 5 ft., 8 in.; complexion, brown; occupation, gentleman soldier; residence, Chelmsford; mustered by Capt. Chambers; enlist- ment, during war. McKlenne, John. List of 6 months men raised agreeable to resolve of June 5, 1780, returned as received of Maj. Joseph Hosmer, Superintendent for Middlesex Co., by Justin Ely, Commissioner, dated Springfield; also, descriptive list of men raised to reinforce the Continental Army for the term of 6 months, agreeable to resolve of June 5, 1780, returned as received of Justin Ely, Commissioner, by Brig. Gen. John Glover, at Springfield, July 7, 1780; age, 28 yrs.; stature, 5 ft., 5 in.; complexion, dark; engaged for town of Chelmsford; marched to camp July 7, 1780, under command of Capt. Dix. Mears, John, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Oliver Barron's Co. of Militia, Col. David Green's Regt., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 5 days; also, receipt dated Chelmsford, April 19, 1776, signed by said Mears and others belonging to Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Roberson's (Robinson's) Regt., for wages for service from Feb. 5, 1776, to April 1, 1776; also, company receipt for mileage, given to Capt. John RECORDS OF CHELMSFORD MEN IN THE REVOLUTION 331 Ford, dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1776; also, company receipt, given to Capt. John Ford, for wages to Oct. 1, 1776, dated Ticonderoga; company marched from Chelmsford, July 25, 1776, and was discharged at Albany, Jan. 1, 1777. Mears, William, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Oliver Barron's Co. of Militia, Col. David Green's Regt., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 4 days; also, company receipt for mileage, given to Capt. John Ford, dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1776; also, company receipt, given to Capt. John Ford, for wages due to Oct. 1, 1776, dated Ticonderoga; company marched from Chelmsford, July 25, 1776, and was discharged at Albany, Jan. 1, 1777; also. Private, Lieut. Colonel's Co., Col. John Bailey's Regt.; Continental Army pay accounts for service from Jan. 1, 1780, to Dec. 31, 1780; residence, Chelmsford; engaged for town of Chelmsford; also, descriptive list dated Hutts, West Point, Jan. 25, 1781; Capt. Hayward's Co., 2d Mass. Regt.; rank, Private; age, 25 yrs. ; stature, 5 ft., 4 in.; complexion, dark; hair, black; residence, Chelmsford; enlisted April — , 1777, by Lieut. Ball, at Chelmsford; enlistment, during war. Meears, William, Chelmsford. Private, 1st Co., Col. Bailey's Regt.; Con- tinental Army pay accounts for service from April 23, 1777, to Dec. 31, 1779; also, Capt. Hugh Maxwell's (1st) Co., Col. John Bailey's Regt.; company return dated Camp near Valley Forge, Jan. 24, 1778; residence, Chelmsford. Melendy, William, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. John Minot's Co., Col. Josiah Whitney's Regt.; arrived at destination May 10, 1777; discharged July 9, 1777; service, 2 mos., 9 days, at Rhode Island, including travel (8 days) to and from place of destination; roll dated Warwick Neck; also, Capt. Joshua Walker's Co., Col. Samuel Deanney's (Denny's) Regt.; enlisted Oct. 27, 1779; discharged Nov. 23, 1779; service, 1 mo., 9 days, including travel (215 miles) home; company detached to join Continental Army and ordered to march to Claverack to serve for 3 months; roll dated Woburn. Melvin, Benjamin, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Oliver Barron's Co. of Militia, Col. David Green's Regt., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 5 days. Menule, Charles. Pay roll for 6 months men raised by the town of Chelmsford for service in the Continental Army at North river during 1780; reported deserted before he arrived at camp. Meriam, Abraham. Company receipt for mileage, given to Capt. John Ford, dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1776; also, company receipt for wages to Oct. 1, 1776, given to Capt. John F'ord, dated Ticonderoga; company marched from Chelmsford, July 25, 1776, and was discharged at Albany, Jan. 1, 1777. Minot, John, Chelmsford. Captain, 1st Co. (South Co. in Chelmsford), Col. Simeon Spaulding's (7th Middlesex Co.) Regt. of Mass. Militia; list of officers chosen in said regiment; ordered in Council, May 31, 1776, that said officers be commissioned; reported commissioned May 31, 1776; also, return of officers who marched to camp to join Col. Dike's Regt., dated Dorchester, Sept. 27, 1776; said Minot, Captain, with the other officers of his company, marched Aug. 21, 1776; ordered in Council, Sept. 27, 1776, that said officers be commissioned; also, Captain, Col. Dike's Regt.; pay abstract for mileage to and from Dorchester Heights and travel allowance home; mileage (64 miles) and 2 days' travel allowed said Minot; warrant allowed in Council, Nov. 30, 1776; also, Captain, Col. Josiah Whitney's Regt.; arrived at destination May 10, 1777; discharged July 9, 1777; service, 2 mos., 9 days, at Rhode Island, including 8 days (144 miles) travel to and from place of destination; roll dated Warwick Neck; also. Major; lists of men appearing under the heading "Hartwell Brook the first Everidge"; said Minot appears among men who "filled up the Continental Army 1777"; also, official record of a ballot by the House of Representatives, dated June 20, 1778; said Minot chosen 2d Major, Col. William Thompson's (7th Middlesex Co.) Regt. 332 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD of Mass. Militia; appointment concurred in by Council June 20, 1778; also, official record of a ballot by the House of Representatives, dated April 21, 1780; said Minot chosen 2d Major, Col. Jonathan Brown's (7th Middlesex Co.) Regt. of Mass. Militia; appointment concurred in by Council, April 21, 1780; reported commissioned April 21, 1780. Minott, John. Lieutenant, Capt. Ebenezer Withington's Co., which mustered April 19, 1775; service, 12 days; also, Captain, Col. Nicholas Dike's Regt.; list of officers of two regiments raised for defence of Boston (year not given, probably 1776); also. Captain; return of company officers of Col. Dike's Regt., showing number of men present and also those not joined, dated Dorchester, Sept. 21, 1776, and endorsed "Officers to be Commissioned"; company probably joined from Col. Brooks's or Col. Sawtell's Regt., Brig. Prescott's Brigade; also. Captain; list of officers in Col. Nicholas Dike's Regt.; ordered in Cou;icil, Feb. 1, 1777, that said officers be commissioned; commissions to be dated Dec. 1, 1776; also Captain; list of officers belonging to Col. Dike's Regt., who agreed to tarry at Dorchester Heights until March 1, 1777; also. Captain; Col. Dike's Regt.; muster roll for Dec, 1776 — Feb., 1777; credited to town of Chelmsford; engaged Dec. 1, 1776; regiment raised to serve until March 1, 1777. Morall, Robert. Company receipt for mileage, given to Capt. John Ford, dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1776. Morel, Robert. Company receipt, given to Capt. John Ford, for wages to Oct. 1, 1776, dated Ticonderoga; company marched from Chelmsford, July 25, 1776, and was discharged at Albany, Jan. 1, 1777. Morrill, Jeremiah. Capt. Charles Furbush's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's Regt.; receipt for advance pay, signed by said Morrill and others, dated Cambridge, June 30, 1775; also, order for bounty coat or its equivalent in money dated Cambridge Camp, Nov. 21, 1775; also, receipt dated Chelmsford, April 19, 1776, signed by said Morrill and others belonging to Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Roberson's (Robinson's) Regt., for wages for services from Feb. 5, 1776, to April 1, 1776. Needham, John. Company receipt dated Chelmsford, April 19, 1776, for wages for service from Feb. 5, 1776, to April 1, 1776, in Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Roberson's (Robinson's) Regt. Newton, Hananiah, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Joseph Fox's Co., Col. Henry Jackson's (16th) Regt.; Continental Army pay accounts for service from July 10, 1777, to July 10, 1780; residence, Chelmsford; credited to town of Chelmsford; also. Col. David Henley's Regt.; return of recruits for knapsacks, dated Boston, Feb. 16, 1778; reported under marching orders; also, Capt. Joseph Fox's Co., Col. Henley's Regt.; pay roll for Nov., 1778; also, Capt. Fox's (7th) Co., Col. Jackson's Regt.; muster roll for April, 1779, dated Pawtuxet; enlisted July 10, 1777; enlistment, 3 yrs. ; also, same Co. and Regt.; return dated Camp Providence, July 8, 1779; also, same Co. and Regt.; pay roll for July, 1779; also, Capt. Joseph Fox's (3d) Co., Col. Jackson's Regt.; muster roll for Oct., 1779, dated Camp Providence; reported on command at Newport; also, same Co. and Regt.; regimental return made up to Dec. 31, 1779, dated Camp at Providence; also, return certified at Camp near Morristown, April 30, 1780, of officers and men belonging to Col. Lee's, Col. Henley's, and Col. Jackson's Regts., and men belonging to Massa- chusetts in Col. Henry Sherburne's Regt., who were incorporated into a regiment under the command of Col. Henry Jackson, agreeable to the arrangement of April 9, 1779; Capt. Fox's Co.; rank. Drummer; resi- dence, Chelmsford; engaged for town of Chelmsford; engaged July 10, 1777; term, 3 yrs.; reported reduced to Private, July 6, 1778; also, Capt. Joseph Fox's (3d) Co., Col. Henry Jackson's Regt.; pay rolls for April — July, 1780; reported discharged July 10, 1780. Nickles, Jere. Capt. Ford's Co.; return of cartridges received from Nov. 4, to Jan. 6 (year not given). RECORDS OF CHELMSFORD MEN IN THE REVOLUTION 333 Osgood, Benjamin, Chelmsford. Capt. Benjamin Walker's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; order for advance pay, signed by said Osgood and others, dated Cambridge, June 6, 177.5; also. Private, same Co. and Regt.; company return (probably Oct., 1775); also, order for bounty coat or its equivalent in money dated Jan. 1, 1776; also. Private, Capt. William Hudson Ballard's Co., Col. Brooks's Regt.; Continental Army pav accounts for service from March 1, 1777, to March 1, 1778; reported deceased; also, Capt. Ballard's Co., 6th Mass. Regt., formerly commanded by Col. Ichabod Alden; return of men who were in camp on or before Aug. 15, 1777; also, Capt. Ballard's Co., Col. Alden's Regt.; return dated Albany, Jan. 12, 1778; mustered by Col. Barret, Muster Master for Middlesex Co., and by a Continental Muster Master; reported on furlough; also, 1st Co., Lieut. Col. John Brooks's (7th) Regt.; return made up to Dec. 31, 1779; enlisted March 2, 1777; enlistment, 3 yrs.; reported died March, 1, 1778. Osgood, David, Chelmsford. Capt. Benjamin Walker's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; receipt for advance pay, signed by said Osgood and others, dated Cambridge, June 24, 1775; also, order on Maj. Barber, dated Cambridge, June 24, 1775, signed by Col. E. Bridge, for cartridge boxes for said Osgood and others belonging to Lieut. John Flint's Co.; also. Private, Capt. Walker's Co., Col. Bridge's Regt.; company return (probably Oct., 1775); also, order for bounty coat or its equivalent in money dated Cambridge, Nov. 30, 1775; also, list of men raised to serve in the Continental Army; residence, Chelmsford; engaged for the town of Chelmsford; also. Private, 7th Co., Col. Thomas Nixon's (6th) Regt.; Continental Army pay accounts for service from April 9, 1777, to Dec. 31, 1779; also, Capt. Elijah Danforth's Co., Col. Nixon's Regt.; return of men who were in camp on or before Aug. 15, 1777, and who had not been absent subsequently except on furlough, certified at Camp near Peekskill, Feb. 16, 1779; also, Lieut. Col. Calvin Smith's Co., Col. Nixon's (5th) Regt.; muster roll for May, 1779, dated Highlands; also, same Co. and Regt.; pay rolls for Aug.— Oct., 1779; also, Lieut. Col. Daniel Whiting's Co., Col. Nixon's Regt.; pay rolls for Nov. and Dec, 1779, dated Soldier's Fortune; also, Lieut. Colonel's Co., 6th Mass. Regt.; return for clothing for the year 1780; receipt for said clothing, dated Peekskill, Dec. 5, 1779; also. Lieut. Colonel's (7th) Co., Col. Nixon's Regt.; Continental Army pay accounts for service from Jan. 1, 1780, to April 9, 1780; also, Lieut. Colonel Daniel Whiting's Co., Col. Nixon's Regt.; pay roll for Jan. — June, 1780; reported discharged April 9, 1780; also, order on Capt. Howard, Paymaster, 6th Mass. Regt., payable to Phineas Osgood, dated Billerica, Jan. 24, 1785, signed by said David Osgood, for wages and clothing allowance for 1777-1779. Osgood, John. Company receipt for mileage, given to Capt. John Ford, dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1776; also, company receipt given to Capt. John Ford, for wages to Oct. 1, 1776, dated Ticonderoga; company marched from Chelmsford, July 25, 1776, and was discharged at Albany, Jan. 1, 1777. Osgood, Joseph, Chelmsford. Capt. Benjamin Walker's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's Regt.; order for advance pay, signed by said Osgood and others dated Cambridge, June 6, 1775; also. Private, same Co. and Regt.; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; enlisted April 28, 1775; service, 3 mos., 11 days; also, company return (probably Oct., 1775). Osgood, Phineas, Billerica (also given Chelmsford and Charlestown). List of men raised to serve in the Continental Army; residence, Billerica; engaged for town of Billerica; also, Private, 7th Co., Col. Thomas Nixon's (6th) Regt.; Continental Army pay accounts for service from April 7, 1777, to Dec. 31, 1779; reported as serving 18 mos. as Corporal, 14 mos., 24 days as Private; also. Corporal, Capt. Elijah Danforth's Co., Col. Nixon's Regt.; return of men who were in camp on or before Aug. 15, 1777, and who had not been absent subsequently except on furlough, etc., certified at Camp near Peekskill, Feb. 16, 1779; also, Lieut. Col. Calvin Smith's Co., Col. Nixon's (5th) Regt.; muster roll for May, 1779, dated 334 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Highlands; also, same Co. and Regt.; pay rolls for Aug. and Sept., 1779; reported reduced to Private, Sept. 24, 1779; also. Private, same Co. and Regt.; pay roll for Oct., 1779; also, Lieut. Col. Daniel Whiting's Co., Col. Nixon's Regt.; pay rolls for Nov. and Dec, 1779, dated Soldier's Fortune; also, Lieut. Colonel's Co., 6th Mass. Regt.; return for clothing for the year 1780; receipt for said clothing, dated Peekskill, Dec. 5, 1779; also, description list of men belonging to Col. Thomas Nixon's Regt., who enlisted for the war prior to Sept. 30, 1779, certified at Highlands; age, 20 yrs.; stature, 5 ft., 8 in.; complexion, light; engaged for town of Billerica; also, Capt. A. Holden's Co., Col. Nixon's Regt.; Continental Army pay accounts for service from Jan. 1, 1780, to Dec. 31, 1780; residence, Chelmsford; also, Lieut. Col. Daniel Whiting's Co., Col. Nixon's Regt.; pay roll for Jan.— June, 1780; said Osgood allowed 2 mos., 29 days' service; also, Light Infantry Co., 6lh Mass. Regt.; return of men in need of clothing, dated Peekskill, July 31, 1780; also, Capt. Abel Holden's (Light Infantry) Co., Col. Nixon's Regt.; pay rolls for Jan. — Dec, 1780; said Osgood made up from March 29, 1780; also descriptive list dated West Point, Jan. 29, 1781; Capt. Holden's Co., Col. Nixon's (6th) Regt., commanded by Lieut. Col. Calvin Smith; age, 20 yrs; stature, 5 ft., 8 in.; complexion, light; hair, light; occupation, farmer; residence, Charlestown; enlisted April 7, 1777, by Capt. Danforth; enlistment, during war; also, Capt. Peter Clayes's (Light Infantry) Co., commanded by Capt. John K. Smith prior to May 1, 1781, Lieut. Col. Calvin Smith's (6th) Regt.; returns for wages for the years 1781 and 1782; wages allowed said Osgood for 24 mos.; reported deserted in Feb., 1782, joined in March, 1782, and full amount of wages allowed. Parker, Benjamin, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Oliver Barron's Co. of Militia, Col. David Green's Regt., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 3 days. Parker, Benjamin (also given Benjamin, Jr.), Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Oliver Barron's Co. of Militia, Col. David Green's Regt., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 8 days; also, descriptive list dated June 15, 1775; Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Bridge's Regt.; age, 22 yrs.; stature, 6 ft.; complexion, dark; occupation, farmer; residence, Chelmsford; enlisted April 27, 1775; also. Private, Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; muster roH dated Aug. 1, 1775; enlisted April 27, 1775; service, 3 mos., 12 days; also, company return dated Sept. 25, 1775. Parker, Chester, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Asa Drury's Co., Col. Turner's Regt.; entered service Aug. 24, 1781; discharged Nov. 30, 1781; service, 3 mos., 11 days, at Rhode Island, including travel (SO miles) home; roll endorsed "five Months' Service at Rhode Island." Parker, Daniel. Company receipt for mileage, given to Capt. John Ford, dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1776; also, company receipt, given to Capt. John Ford, for wages to Oct. 1, 1776, dated Ticonderoga; company marched from Chelmsford, July 25, 1776, and was discharged at Albany, Jan. 1, 1777. Parker, David, Chelmsford (probably). List of men probably belonging to Chelmsford, dated May 1, 1775. Parker, Isaac, Chelmsford. Lieutenant, Col. Moses Parker's Co., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 5 days; roll endorsed "L't Benj. Walkers Roll"; also. Lieutenant, Capt. John Ford's Co.; list of officers belonging to Col. Ebenezer Bridge's Regt. to be com- missioned; ordered in Provincial Congress, at Watertown, May 27, 1775, that said officers be commissioned; receipt for above commissions dated Watertown, May 27, 1775; also. Lieutenant, Capt. John Fiord's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; enlisted April 25, 1775; service, 3 mos., 14 days; also, 1st Lieutenant, same Co. and Regt.; company return dated Sept. 25, 1775; also, 2d Lieutenant, Capt. John Minott's Co., Col. Nicholas Dike's Regt.; list of ofificers; ordered in Council, Feb. 1, 1777, that said officers be com- missioned; commissions to be dated Dec. 1, 1776; also, 2d Lieutenant, RECORDS OF CHELMSFORD MEN IN THE REVOLUTION 335 Capt. Minott's Co., Col. Dike's Regt.; muster roll for Dec, 1776 — Feb., 1777; engaged Dec. 13, 1776; regiment raised to serve until March 1, 1777, and stationed at Dorchester Heights; also. Lieutenant, Col. Michael Jackson's Regt.; Continental Army pay accounts for service from Jan. 1, 1777, to Oct. 3, 1778; reported resigned Oct. 3, 1778; also, list of men belonging to Col. Michael Jackson's (Mass. Line) Regt., approved April 9, 1779; Capt. James Varnum's Co.; rank. Lieutenant; also, same Co. and Regt.; return of officers for clothing, dated Bcston, April 27, 1778; also, certificate dated Medford, Feb. 15, 1779, signed by Lieut. Col. J. Brooks, certifying that said Parker served as Lieutenant in Col. Michael Jackson's Regt. from Jan. 1, 1777, to Oct. 3, 1778, when he was honorably discharged, and that when in service he was not absent except on furlough or on command; also. Lieutenant; Council warrant dated Feb. 15, 1779, for £36 drawn in favor of said Parker for gratuity allowed by resolve of May 1, 1778. Parker, John, Chelmsford. Private, Col. Moses Parker's Co., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 7 days; roll endorsed "L't. Benj. Walkers Roll"; also, descriptive list dated June 15, 1775; Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Bridge's Regt.; age, 20 yrs.; stature, 5 ft., 10 in.; com- plexion, dark; occupation, farmer; residence, Chelmsford; enlisted April 26, 1775; also. Private, Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; enlisted April 26, 1775; service, 3 mos., 13 days; also company return dated Sept. 25, 1775. Parker, John, W'estford (also given Chelmsford). List of men raised to serve in the Continental Army, as returned by Capt. Zaccheus Wright and Capt. Pelatiah Fletcher; residence, Westford (also given Chelmsford); engaged for town of Westford (also given Chelmsford); joined Capt. Ballard's Co., Col. Alden's Regt.; term to expire in 1780; also, Private, Capt. William Hudson Ballard's Co., Col. John Brooks's Regt.; Continental Army pay accounts for service from April 18, 1777, to Oct. 7, 1777; also, Capt. Ballard's Co., Col. Ichabod Alden's Regt.; return dated Albany, Jan. 12, 1778; mustered by Col. Barrett, Muster Master for Middlesex Co., and by a Continental Muster Master; also, 1st Co., Lieut. Col. John Brooks's (7th) Regt.; return made up to Dec. 31, 1779; reported killed in action Oct. 7, 1777. Parker, Jonas, Acton (also given Chelmsford). Ensign, Capt. John Ford's Co.; list of officers belonging to Col. Ebenezer Bridge's Regt. to be commissioned; ordered in Provincial Congress, at Watertown, May 27, 1775, that said officers be commissioned; receipt for above commissions dated Watertown, May 27, 1775; also. Lieutenant, Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; enlisted April 25, 1775; service, 3 mos., 14 days; also, 2d Lieutenant, same Co. and Regt.; companv return dated Sept. 25, 1775; also, 2d Lieutenant, Capt. William Hudson Ballard's (4th) Co., Col. Asa Whit- comb's Regt.; muster roll dated Camp at Ticonderoga, Nov. 27, 1776; appointed Jan. 1, 1776; reported re-engaged for the war, Nov. 13, 1776, as 1st Lieutenant in Capt. Ballard's Co., Col. Alden's Regt., but to remain in Col. Whitcomb's Regt., until Dec. 31, 1776; also Captain and Lieutenant, Col. Brooks's Regt.; Continental Army pay accounts for service from Jan. 1, 1777, to Dec. 31 1779; reported as serving 30 mos. as Lieutenant, 6 mos. as Captain; also 1st Lieutenant, Capt. William Hudson Ballard's (1st) Co., Col. Ichabod Alden's Regt.; return of field, staff, and commissioned officers (year not given); residence, Chelmsford; also, return of Capt. Ballard's Co., Col. Ichabod Alden's Regt., dated Albany, Jan. 12, 1778, signed by said Parker and James Lunt, Lieutenants; also. Captain Lieutenant, in command of (late) Colonel's Co., (late) Col. Alden's Regt.; muster roll for Dec, 1778, dated Cherry Valley; also. Captain, in a regiment formerly commanded by Col. Alden; return of field, staff, and commissioned officers, dated Boston, Jan. 5, 1779; also. Captain Lieutenant, 9th Co., Col. Alden's (6th) Regt.; muster roll of field, staff, and commissioned officers for March and April, 1779, dated Cherry Valley; appointed Oct. 1, 1778; also, Captain Lieutenant, 336 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD in command of (late) Col. Alden's Co., 6th Mass. Regt. formerly com- manded by Col. Ichabod Alden; muster roll for March and April, 1779, dated Fort "Harkemer"; reported furloughed by Gen. Clinton; also, Captain, 7th Mass., Regt.; list of settlements of rank of Continental officers, dated West Point, made by a board held for the purpose and confirmed by Congress, Sept. 6, 1779; commissioned June 25, 1779; also, return of field, staff, and commissioned ofificers of Lieut. Col. John Brooks's (late Col. Alden's) 7th Regt., made up to Dec. 31, 1779; said Parker commissioned as Lieutenant, Jan. 1, 1777; promoted to Captain Lieutenant and commissioned Oct. 1, 177S; promoted to Captain and com- missioned June 5, 1779; service as Lieutenant, 21 mos., as Captain Lieu- tenant, 8 mos., 4 days, and as Captain, 6 mos., 26 days; also. Captain, Col. Brooks's Regt.; Continental Army pay accounts for service from Jan. 1, 1780, to Dec. 31, 1780; also. Captain, 4th Co., Lieut. Col. John Brooks's (7th) Regt.; return of ofificers, dated Sept. 9, 1780; commissioned Nov. 11, 1777; also, same Regt.; return of officers for clothing, dated Camp Totoway, Oct. 16, 1780; also, returns of effectives between Oct. 26 and Nov. 23, 1780, dated Camp Totoway; reported absent in Massachusetts without leave from Oct. 19, 1780; also, Captain, 3d Co., Lieut. Col. Brooks's Regt.; muster roll of field, staff and commissioned officers for Oct. — Dec, 1780, dated Huts West Point; appointed June 5, 1779; also, returns of effectives between Jan. 5, and Jan. 19, 1781, dated German Hutts and West Point; reported under arrest; also, muster roll for Jan., 1781, dated West Point; reported dismissed the service Jan. 24, 1781. Parker, Jonathan, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Zaccheus Wright's Co., Col. Brooks's Regt.; company return dated Camp at White Plains, Oct. 31, 1776; said Parker reported as in camp at White Plains fit for duty and as having lost articles in battle. Parker, Joseph, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Zaccheus Wright's Co., Col. Brooks's Regt.; company return dated Camp at White Plains, Oct. 31, 1776; said Parker reported as in camp at White Plains. Parker, Leonard, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Samuel Tay's Co., Lieut. Col. Webb's Regt.; enlisted Aug. 18, 1781; discharged Nov. 29, 1781; service, 3 mos., 22 days, including 11 days (212 miles) travel home; regiment raised in SufTolk and Middlesex Counties to reinforce Con- tinental Army for 3 months; roll dated Woburn. Parker Levi. Company receipt, given to Capt. John Ford, for mileage, dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1776; also, company receipt, given to Capt. John Ford, for wages to Oct. 1, 1776, dated Ticonderoga; company marched from Chelmsford, July 25, 1776, and was discharged at Albany, Jan. 1, 1777. Parker, Moses, Chelmsford. Lieutenant Colonel, Col. Ebenezer Bridge's Regt. of Minute-Men; marched April 19, 1775; service, 4 days; also. Lieutenant Colonel, Col. Ebenezer Bridge's Regt.; engaged April 24, 1775; service, 2 mos., 22 days; also, Lieutenant Colonel; order of the day, dated May 8, 1775; said Parker appointed field officer of the main guard; also, order of the day, dated Cambridge, May 11, 1775; said Parker appointed field officer of fatigue; also, Lieutenant Colonel; list of officers belonging to Col. Ebenezer Bridge's Regt. to be commissioned; ; ordered in Provincial Congress, at Watertown, May 27, 1775, that said officers be commissioned; receipt for above commissions, dated Watertown, May 27, 1775; also. Lieutenant Colonel; order of the day, dated Cam- bridge, June 2, 1775; said Parker appointed field officer of fatigue for June 3, 1775; also, order of the day, dated June 4, 1775; said Parker appointed officer of the main guard; also, order of the day, dated Cam- bridge, June 4, 1775; said Parker appointed field officer of the main guard for June 5, 1775; the foregoing orders taken from Lieut. Col. Loammi Baldwin's Orderly Book. Parker, Oliver, Chelmsford. List of men mustered by Nathaniel Barber, Muster Master for Suffolk Co., dated Boston, Sept. 14, 1777; Capt. Varnum's Co., Col. Michael Jackson's Regt.; also, Private, Capt. Varnum's Co., Col. Michael Jackson's Regt.; Continental Army pay RECORDS OF CHELMSFORD MEN IN THE REVOLUTION 337 accounts for service from May 15, 1777, to June 1, 1778; residence, Chelmsford; credited to town of Chelmsford; term, 3 years; reported discharged. Parker, Reuben, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Oliver Barron's Co. of Militia, Col. David Green's Regt., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 13 days. Parker, Silas, Chelmsford. Descriptive list dated June 15, 1775; Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Bridge's Regt.; age, 17 yrs.; stature, 5 ft., 6 in.; complexion, light; occupation, farmer; residence, Chelmsford; enlisted April 29, 1775; also, Private, Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; enlisted April 29, 1775; service, 3 mos., 10 days; also, company return dated Sept. 25, 1775. Parker, Silas, Chelmsford. List of 6 months men raised agreeable to resolve of June 5, 1780, returned as received of Maj. Joseph Hosmer, Super- intendent for Middlesex Co., by Justin Ely, Commissioner, dated Spring- field; also, descriptive list of men raised to reinforce the Continental Army for the term of 6 months, agreeable to resolve of June 5, 1780, returned as received of Justin Ely, Commissioner, by Brig. Gen. John Glover, at Springfield, July 7, 1780; age, 20 yrs.; stature, 6 ft.; complexion, dark; engaged for town of Chelmsford; marched to camp July 7, 1780, under command of Capt. Dix; also, list of men raised for the 6 months' service and returned by Brig. Gen. Paterson as having passed muster in a return dated Camp Totoway, Oct. 25, 1780; also, pay roll for 6 months men raised by the town of Chelmsford for service in the Continental Army at North river during 1780; marched June 30, 1780; discharged Jan. 7, 1781; service, 6 mos., 19 days, including travel (200 miles) home. Parker, Simon. Private, Capt. Simon Hunt's Co., Col. Jacob Gerrish's Regt. of Guards; enlisted July 4, 1778; discharged Dec. 15, 1778; service, 5 mos., 12 days; roll dated Winter Hill. Parker, Willard, Chelmsford. Sergeant, Col. Moses Parker's Co., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 11 days; roll endorsed "L't Benj Walkers Roll"; also, Capt. John Ford's Co. of Volunteers, Col. Jonathan Reed's Regt.; engaged Sept. 28 (also given Sept. 27), 1777; discharged Nov. 8, 1777; service, 40 (also given 43) days; company probably raised in Dracut, Chelmsford, and Dunstable, and marched to reinforce Northern Army, Sept. 30, 1777. Parker, William, Chelmsford. Sergeant, Col. Moses Parker's Co., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 11 days. Roll endorsed "L't Benj Walkers Roll." Parker, William. Private, Capt. John Ford's Co. of Volunteers, Col. Jonathan Reed's Regt.; engaged Sept. 28 (also given Sept. 27), 1777; discharged Nov. 8, 1777; service, 40 (also given 43) days; company probably raised in Dracut, Chelmsford, and Dunstable, and marched Sept. 30, 1777, to reinforce Northern Army. Parker, William, Jr., Chelmsford. Private, Col. Moses Parker's Co., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 9 days; roll endorsed "L't Benj Walkers Roll"; also, Capt. John Minot's Co., Col. Josiah Whitney's Regt.; arrived at destination May 10, 1777; discharged July 9, 1777; service, 2 mos., 9 days, at Rhode Island, including travel (8 days) to and from place of destination; roll dated Warwick Neck. Parkhurst, Benjamin, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Oliver Barron's Co. of Militia, Col. David Green's Regt., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 3 days. Parkhurst, Ephraim, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Oliver Barron's Co. of Militia, Col. David Green's Regt., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 11 days. Parkhurst, Samuel, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. John Minott's Co., Col. Dike's Regt.; muster roll for Dec, 1776 — Feb., 1777; enlisted Dec. 1, 1776; regiment raised to serve until March 1, 1777;also, Capt. John Minot's Co., Col. Josiah Whitney's Regt.; arrived at destination May 10, 1777; discharged July 9, 1777; service, 2 mos., 9 days, at Rhode Island, including travel (8 days) to and from place of destination; roll dated Warwick Neck. 338 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Parkhust, Josiah. Private, Capt. Joshua Lealand's Co. of Guards; enlisted Sept. 29, 1779; discharged Nov. 10, 1779; service, 1 mo., 13 days; company detached from militia by order of Gen. Hancock to man forts at and about Boston until Nov. 10, 1779, and stationed at Boston under Maj. Nathaniel Heath. Peirce, Benjamin, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Oliver Barron's Co. of Militia, Col. David Green's Regt., which marched in response to the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 7 days; also, Sergeant, Col. Michael Jackson's (8th) Regt.; Continental Army pay accounts for service from May 15, 1777, to Jan. 25, 1778; credited to town of Chelmsford; reported pro- moted to Ensign; also, list of officers and men belonging to Col. Michael Jackson's Mass. Line Regt., returned probably in 1779; Sergeant, Capt. James Varnum's Co.; also, Ensign, same Regt.; Continental Army pay accounts for service from Jan. 25, 1778, to Dec. 31, 1779; also, same Regt.; return of officers, dated West Point, Nov. 8, 1779; also. Ensign, same Regt.; list of officers promoted in the Continental Army; com- missioned Nov. 26, 1779; also. Ensign, same Regt.; Continental Army pay accounts for service from Jan. 1, 1780, to Dec. 31, 1780; also, Ensign; return dated Phillipsburgh, July 18, 1781, made by Ezra Badlam, Lieut. Colonel Commandant, 8th Mass. Regt. of officers of said regiment doing duty upon warrants; date of warrant, Nov. 26, 1779; also, communica- tion addressed to His Excellency Gov. Hancock, dated West Point, July 3, 1782, signed by J. Vose, Colonel, requesting that a warrant might be issued to said Peirce as there was a deficiency of officers in his regiment; advised in Council, July 31, 1782, that a warrant be granted in accordance with Col. Vose's recommendation; certificate dated Camp Nelson's Point, July 14, 1782, signed by J. Greaton, Colonel, 3d Mass. Regt., accompanying above communication, certifies that said Peirce, Ensign, was entitled to a Lieutenancy in the 1st Regt., Vice Lieut. Joseph Foot, resigned. Peirce, Jonas, Chelmsford. Corporal, Capt. Oliver Barron's Co. of Militia, Col. David Green's Regt., which marched in response to the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 6 days; also, list of men probablj^ belonging to Chelmsford, dated May 1, 1775; also. Sergeant, Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; engaged April 25, 1775; service, 3 mos., 14 days. Peirce, Jonathan, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Oliver Barron's Co. of Militia, Col. David Green's Regt., which marched in response to the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 11 days; also, Capt. John Minot's Co., Col. Josiah Whitney's Regt.; arrived at destination May 10, 1777; discharged July 9, 1777; service, 2 mos., 9 days at Rhode Island, including travel (8 days) to and from place of destination; roll dated Warwick Neck. Peirce, Levi, Chelmsford. Private, Col. Moses Parker's Co., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 10 days. Roll endorsed "L't Benj Walkers Roll." Peirce, Robert, Chelmsford. Private, Col. Moses Parker's Co., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 9 days; roll endorsed "L't Benj Walkers Roll"; also, Capt. Benjamin Walker's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; order for advance pay signed by said Peirce and others, dated Cambridge, June 6, 1775; also. Private, same Co. and Regt.; company return (probably Oct., 1775); also, descriptive list of men raised in Middlesex Co. for the term of 9 months from the time of their arrival at Fishkill; Capt. Ford's Co., Col. Spaulding's Regt.; age, 23 yrs. ; stature, 5 ft., 11 in.; residence, Chelmsford; engaged for town of Chelmsford; arrived at Fishkill, June 19, 1778. Peirce, Silas. Corporal, Capt. John Ford's Co. of Volunteers, Col. Jonathan Reed's Regt.; engaged Sept. 28 (also given Sept. 27), 1777; discharged Nov. 8, 1777; service, 40 (also given 43) days; company probably raised in Dracut, Chelmsford, and Dunstable, and marched Sept. 30, 1777, to reinforce Northern Army. RECORDS OF CHELMSFORD MEN IN THE REVOLUTION 339 Peirce, Stephen, Chelmsford. Private. Capt. Zaccheus Wright's Co., Col. Brooks's Regt.; company return dated Camp at White Plains, Oct. 31, 1776; said Peirce reported as in Camp at White Plains, fit for duty. Peirce, Stephen. Company receipt dated Chelmsford, April 19, 1776, for wages for service from Feb. 5, 1776, to April 1, 1776, in Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Roberson's (Robinson's) Regt. Peirce, Stephen. Private, Capt. John Ford's Co. of Volunteers, Col. Jonathan Reed's Regt.; enlisted Sept. 28 (also given Sept. 27), 1777; discharged Nov. 8, 1777; service, 40 (also given 43) days; company probably raised in Dracut, Chelmsford, and Dunstable, and marched Sept. 30, 1777, to reinforce Northern Army. Peirce, Stephen, Jr., Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Oliver Barron's Co. of Militia, Col. David Green's Regt., which marched in response to the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 5 days. Peirce, Willard, Chelmsford. Company receipt dated Chelmsford, April 19, 1776, for wages for service from Feb. 5, 1776, to April 1, 1776, in Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Roberson's (Robinson's) Regt.; also. Private, Capt. Reuben Butterfield's Co.; enlisted Dec. 16, 1776; discharged March 16, 1777: service. 90 days; 15 days (300 miles) travel home also allowed; also. Private, Capt. James Varnum's Co., Col. Michael Jackson's Regt.; Continental Army pay accounts for service from April 28, 1777, to Dec. 31, 1780; residence, Chelmsford; credited to town of Chelmsford; also, descriptive list dated Jan. 7, 1781; Capt. Lieut. E. Smith's (also given Capt. Wade's) Co., Col. Michael Jackson's (8th) Regt.; rank. Corporal; age, 33 yrs. ; stature, 5 ft., 6 in.; complexion, dark; hair, brown; occupa- tion, farmer; birthplace, Chelmsford; residence, Chelmsford; engaged Feb. 5, 1780, by Sergt. Barron, at West Point; term, during war; also, list dated Boston, Jan. 28, 1803, returned by John Avery, Secretary, and J. Jackson, Treasurer, of men who had enlisted into the Continental Army, and actually served 3 years, and were, accordingly, entitled to gratuities under resolves of March 4, 1801, and June 19, 1801; regiment of invalids. Pence, Ephraim, Chelmsford. List of men raised for the 6 months' service and returned by Brig. Gen. Paterson as having passed muster in a return dated Camp Totoway, Oct. 25, 1780. Perham, John. Company receipt for mileage, given to Capt. John Ford, dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1776. Perham, Oliver, Chelmsford. Private, Lieut. John Flint's Co., Col. Thomas Poor's Regt.; enlisted June 10, 1778, 3 days preceding march; discharged Feb. 11, 1779; service, 8 mos., 14 days, at and about White Plains, including 12 days (240 miles) travel home; regiment raised to fortify passes of North river, N. Y.; also, Capt. Asa Lawrence's Co., Col. Thomas Poor's Regt.; pay rolls for June — Aug., 1778, dated Fort Clinton; also, (late) Capt. Asa Lawrence's Co., commanded by Lieut. John Flint, Col. Poor's Regt.; pay roll for Sept., 1778, dated West Point; also, Lieut. John Flint's Co., Col. Poor's Regt.; pay roll for Nov., 1778, dated West Point; also, list of 6 months men raised agreeable to resolve of June 5, 1780, returned as received of Maj. Joseph Hosmer, Superin- tendent for Middlesex Co., by Justin Ely, Commissioner, dated Spring- field; also, descriptive list of men raised to reinforce the Continental Army for the term of 6 months, agreeable to resolve of June 5, 1780, returned as received of Justin Ely, Commissioner, by Maj. Peter Harwood, of 6th Mass. Regt., at Springfield, July 2, 1780; age, 17 yrs.; stature, 5 ft., 9 in.; complexion, light; engaged for town of Chelmsford; marched to camp July 2, 1780, under command of Capt. Phineas Parker; also, list of men raised for the 6 months' service and returned by Brig. Gen. Paterson as having passed muster in a return dated Camp Totoway, Oct. 25, 1780; also, pay roll for 6 months men raised by the town of Chelmsford for service in the Continental Army at North river during 1780; marched from home June 30, 1780; discharged Dec. 19, 1780; service, 6 mos., including 10 days (200 miles) travel home. 340 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Perham, Samuel. Private, Capt. John Ford's Co. of Volunteers, Col. Jonathan Reed's Regt.; enlisted Sept. 28 (also given Sept. 27), 1777; discharged Nov. 8, 1777; service, 40 (also given 43) days; company probably raised in Dracut, Chelmsford, and Dunstable, and marched Sept. 30, 1777, to reinforce Northern Army. Perham, Samuel, Jr., Chelmsford. Private, Col. Moses Parker's Co., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 13 days. Roll endorsed "L't Benj Walkers Roll." Perhomn, John. Company receipt, given to Capt. John Ford, for wages to Oct. 1, 1776, dated Ticonderoga; company marched from Chelmsford, July 25, 1776, and was discharged at Albany, Jan. 1, 1777. Pierce, Benjamin, Chelmsford. Company return dated June 15, 1775 Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Bridge's Regt.; age, 19 yrs.; stature, 5 ft. 8 in.; complexion, light; occupation, farmer; residence, Chelmsford enlisted April 26, 1775; also. Private, Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Eben ezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; enlisted April 25 (also given April 26), 1775 service, 3 mos., 14 days (also given 3 mos., 13 days); also, company return dated Sept. 25, 1775; also. Lieutenant, Col. Joseph Vose's (1st) Regt.; list of officers of 1st Mass. Brigade (year not given), probably 1782 or 1783), showing dates of appointments; commissioned July 7, 1782; also. Lieutenant, Col. Joseph Vose's (1st) Regt.; returns of effectives between Sept. 6, and Sept. 20, 1782, dated Camp Verplanck's Point and Camp West Point; reported on command at West Point from Aug. 1, 1782; also. Lieutenant and Paymaster, same Regt.; returns of effectives, dated Camp Philadelphia, July 11, and July 18, 1783; reported on command at West Point; also. Lieutenant; returns of effectives between July 25, 1783, and Aug. 22, 1783, dated Camp Philadelphia; reported on command at West Point. Pierce, Ephraim, Chelmsford. List of 6 months men raised agreeable to resolve of June 5, 1780, returned as received of Maj. Joseph Hosmer, Superintendent for Middlesex Co., by Justin Ely, Commissioner, dated Springfield; also, descriptive list of men raised to reinforce the Contin- ental Army for the term of 6 months, agreeable to resolve of June 5, 1780, returned as received of Justin Ely, Commissioner, by Brig. Gen. John Glover, at Springfield, July 7, 1780; age, 18 yrs.; stature, 5 ft., 10 in.; complexion, dark; engaged for town of Chelmsford; marched to camp July 7, 1780, under command of Capt. Dix; also, list of men raised for the 6 months' service and returned by Brig. Gen. Paterson as having passed muster in a return dated Camp Totoway, Oct. 25, 1780. Pierce, Jonas, Chelmsford. Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; company return dated June 15, 1775; age, 25 yrs.; stature, 6 ft.; complexion, fresh; occupation, housewright; residence, Chelms- ford; enlisted April 25, 1775; also. Sergeant, same Co. and Regt.; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; service, 3 mos., 14 days; also, company return dated Sept. 25, 1775. Pierce, Robert, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Benjamin Walker's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's Regt.; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; enlisted April 28, 1775; service, 3 mos., 14 days. Piper, Samuel. Company receipt for mileage, given to Capt. John Ford, dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1776; also, company receipt, given to Capt. John Ford, for wages to Oct. 1, 1776, dated Ticonderoga; company marched from Chelmsford, July 25, 1776, and was discharged at Albany, Jan. 1, 1777. Procter, Azariah, Chelmsford. Sergeant, Col. Moses Parker's Co., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 11 days; roll endorsed "L't Benj Walkers Roll"; also, Corporal, Capt. John Ford's Co. of Volunteers, Col. Jonathan Reed's Regt.; engaged Sept. 28 (also given Sept. 27), 1777; discharged Nov. 8, 1777; service, 40 (also given 43) days; company probably raised in Dracut, Chelmsford, and Dunstable, and marched to reinforce Northern Army, Sept. 30, 1777. RECORDS OF CHELMSFORD MEN IN THE REVOLUTION 341 Procter, Daniel. Enlistment agreement dated Jan. 29, 1776, signed by said Procter and others, engaging themselves to serve until April 1, 1776; also, receipt dated Chelmsford, April 19, 1776, signed by said Procter and others, for wages for service from Feb. 5, 1776, to April 1, 1776, in Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Roberson's (Robinson's) Regt.; also, 1st Lieutenant, Capt. Benjamin Fletcher's (1st) Co., 7th Middlesex Co. Regt. of Mass. Militia; list of officers commissioned July 13, 1780. Procter, Elijah. 2d Lieut., Capt. John Minot's (1st) Co. (South Co. in Chelmsford), Col. Simeon Spaulding's (7th Middlesex Co.) Regt. of Mass. Militia; list of officers chosen in said regiment; ordered in Council, May 31, 1776, that said officers be commissioned; reported commissioned May 31, 1776; also. Lieutenant, Capt. John Moore's Co., Col. Jonathan Reed's Regt. of Guards; muster rolls dated Cambridge, May 9, and June 1, 1778; appointed March 23, 1778; service guarding troops of convention; term, 3 months from April 2, 1778; also, same Co. and Regt.; engaged April 1, 1778; discharged July 1, 1778; service, 3 mos. at Cambridge. Procter, Levi, Chelmsford. Descriptive list of men raised in Middlesex Co. for the term of 9 months from the time of their arrival at Fishkill, agree- able to resolve of April 20, 1778; Capt. Minot's Co., Col. Spaulding's Regt., age, 21 yrs.; stature, 5 ft., 9 in.; residence, Chelmsford; engaged for town of Chelmsford ; arrived at Fishkill, June 19, 1778; also, list of men returned as received of Jonathan Warner, Commissioner, by Col. R. Putnam. July 20, 1778. Putman, David. Private, Capt. John Ford's Co. of Volunteers, Col. Jonathan Reed's Regt.; enlisted Sept. 28, 1777; discharged Nov. 8, 1777; service, 40 days; company probably raised in Dracut, Chelmsford, and Dun- stable, and marched Sept. 30, 1777, to reinforce Northern Army. Putnam, David, Chelmsford. Capt. Benjamin Walker's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; order for advance pay, signed by said Putnam and others, dated Cambridge, June 6, 1775; also, order on Maj. Barber, dated Cambridge, June 24, 1775, signed by Col. E. Bridge, for cartridge boxes for said Putnam and others belonging to Lieut. John Flint's Co.; also. Private, Capt. Walker's Co., Col. Bridge's Regt.; company return (probably Oct., 1775); also, Capt. John Minott's Co., Col. Dike's Regt.; muster roll for Dec, 1776 — Feb., 1777; enlisted Dec. 13, 1776; regiment raised to serve until March 1, 1777. Quinlen, William, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Asa Drury's Co., Col. Turner's Regt.; entered service Aug. 24, 1781; discharged Nov. 27, 1781; service, 3 mos., 8 days, at Rhode Island, including travel (80 miles) home; roll endorsed "five Months Service at Rhode Island"; also, receipt dated Dunstable, March 26, 1782, for bounty paid said Quinlen by Class No. 1 of the town of Dunstable, of which Ebenezer Bancroft was Chairman, to serve in the Continental Army for the term of 3 years. Rea, Caleb. Company receipt for mileage, given to Capt. John Ford, dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1776; also, company receipt, given to Capt. John Ford, for wages to Oct. 1, 1776, dated Ticonderoga; company marched from Chelmsford, July 25, 1776, and was discharged at Albany, Jan. 1, 1777. Read, Abel, Chelmsford. Descriptive list of men raised in Middlesex Co. to reinforce the Continental Army, agreeable to resolve of June 9, 1779, as returned by Brig. Gen. Eleazer Brooks to Maj. Hosmer, dated Lincoln, July 21, 1779; Capt. Minott's Co., 7th Middlesex Co. Regt.; age, 22 yrs.; stature, 6 ft., 1 in. (also given 6 ft.); complexion, light; residence, Chelms- ford; engaged for town of Chelmsford; reported delivered to Ensign Clark. Read, James. Receipt dated Chelmsford, April 19, 1776, signed by said Read and others belonging to Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Roberson's (Robinson's) Regt. for wages for service from Feb. 5, 1776, to April 1, 1776. 342 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Read, Supply, Chelmsford. List of men raised for the 6 months' service and returned by Brig. Gen. Paterson as having passed muster in a return dated Camp Totoway, Oct. 25, 1780; also, pay roll for 6 months men raised by the town of Chelmsford for service in the Continental Army at North river during 1780; marched from home June 30, 1780; discharged Jan. 9, 1781; service, 6 mos., 20 days, including 10 days (200 miles) travel home. Reed, Abel. List of men raised in Middlesex Co., for Continental service, agreeable to resolve of June 9, 1779, as returned by Joseph Hosmer, Superintendent for said county. Nov. 24, 1779; engaged for town of Chelmsford; also, Maj. Keith's Co., Col. Michael Jackson's (8th) Regt. ; entered service July 28, 1779; discharged April 28, 1780; term, 9 months. Reed, Peter, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. John Minot's Co., Col. Josiah Whitney's Regt.; arrived at destination May 10, 1777; discharged July 9, 1777; service, 2 mos., 9 days, at Rhode Island, including travel (8 days) to and from place of destination. Roll dated Warwick Neck. Reed, Supply, Chelmsford. Private, Col. Moses Parker's Co., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 8 days; roll endorsed "L't Benj Walkers Roll"; also, Capt. John Ford's Co. of Volunteers, Col. Jonathan Reed's Regt.; enlisted Sept. 28 (also given Sept. 27), 1777; discharged Nov. 8, 1777; service, 40 (also given 43) days; company probably raised in Dracut, Chelmsford, and Dunstable, and marched Sept. 30, 1777, to reinforce Northern Army; also, list of 6 months men raised agreeable to resolve of June 5, 1780, returned as received of Maj. Joseph Hosmer, Superintendent for Middlesex Co., by Justin Ely, Commissioner, dated Springfield; also, descriptive list of men raised to reinforce the Con- tinental Army for the term of 6 months, agreeable to resolve of June 5, 1780, returned as received of Justin Ely, Commissioner, by Brig. Gen. John Glover, at Springfield, July 11, 1780; age, 25 yrs. ; stature, 5 ft., 6 in.; complexion, light; engaged for town of Chelmsford; arrived at Springfield, July 9, 1780; marched to camp July 11, 1780, under command of Ensign Bancraft. Rice, Benjamin, Chelmsford. List of men raised to serve in the Continental Army (year not given); residence, Chelmsford; engaged for town of Chelmsford. Richardson, James, Chelmsford. Fifer, Colonel's Co., Col. Thomas Marshall's (10th) Regt.; Continental Army pay accounts for service from Jan. 10, 1777, to Dec. 31, 1779; residence, Chelmsford; credited to town of Chelmsford; also, Capt. Philip Thomas's (5th) Co., Col. Thomas Mar- shall's Regt.; subsistence allowed from date of entering service, Jan. 15, 1777, to Feb. 6, 1777; credited with 22 days' allowance; subsistence also allowed for 11 days (220 miles) travel on march from Boston to Benn- ington; also, same Co. and Regt.; subsistence allowed from Feb. 6, 1777, to June 2, 1777; credited with 135 days' allowance; also, same Co. and Regt.; muster roll for Jan., 1779, dated West Point; enlisted Jan. 10, 1777; enlistment, 3 yrs.; also. Colonel's Co., Col. Marshall's Regt.; muster roll for April, 1779, dated West Point; also. Private, same Co. and Regt.; Continental Army pay accounts for service from Jan. 1, 1780, to Jan. 12, 1780. Richardson, Josiah, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Oliver Barron's Co. of Militia, Col. David Green's Regt., which marched in response to the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 3 days. Richardson, Nathaniel, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Varnum's Co., Col. Michael Jackson's Regt.; Continental Army pay accounts for service from Jan. 1, 1780, to Feb. 3, 1780; residence, Chelmsford; term, 3 years; reported deceased. Richardson, Nathaniel. Receipt dated Chelmsford, April 19, 1776, signed by said Richardson and others, for wages for service from Feb. 5, 1776, to April 1, 1776, in Capt. John Ford's Co., Col Roberson's (Robinson's) Regt. RECORDS OF CHELMSFORD MEN IN THE REVOLUTION 343 Richardson, Oliver, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Oliver Barron's Co. of Militia, Col. David Green's Regt., which marched in response to the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 7 days; also, receipt dated Chelmsford, April 19, 1776, signed by said Richardson and others, for wages for service from Feb. 5, 1776, to April 1, 1776, in Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Roberson's (Robinson's) Regt.; also, Private, Capt. John Ford's Co. of Volunteers, Col. Jonathan Reed's Regt.; enlisted Sept. 28 (also given Sept. 27), 1777; discharged Nov. 8, 1777; service, 40 (also given 43) days; company probably raised in Dracut, Chelmsford, and Dun- stable, and marched Sept. 30, 1777, to reinforce Northern Army. Richardson, Robert, Chelmsford (also given Lancaster). Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; order for advance pay for 1 month, signed by said Richardson and others, dated Cambridge, June 6, 1775; also, same Co. and Regt.; company return dated June 15, 1775; age, 23 yrs. ; stature, 6 ft. ; complexion, light; occupation, farmer; residence, Chelmsford; enlisted May 4, 1775; also. Private, same Co. and Regt.; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; enlisted May 4, 1775; service, 3 mos., 5 days; also, company return dated Sept. 25, 1775; also, company receipt for mileage, given to Capt. John Ford, dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1776; also, company receipt, given to Capt. John Ford, for wages to Oct. 1, 1776, dated Ticonderoga; company marched from Chelmsford, July 25, 1776, and was discharged at Albany, Jan. 1, 1777; also, Capt. John Minott's Co., Col. Dike's Regt.; muster roll for Dec, 1776— Feb., 1777; enlisted Dec. 13, 1776; discharged Jan. 22, 1777; regiment raised to serve until March 1, 1777; also. Private, Colonel's Co., Col. Thomas Marshall's (10th) Regt.; Continental Army pay accounts for service from Jan. 12, 1777, to Dec. 31, 1780; residence, Chelmsford; credited to town of Chelms- ford; also, Capt. Phillip Thomas's (5th) Co., Col. Marshall's Regt.; subsistence allowed from date of entering service, Jan. 15, 1777, to Feb. 6, 1777; credited with 23 days' allowance; subsistence also allowed for 11 days (220 miles) travel on march from Boston to Bennington; also, same Co. and Regt.; subsistence allowed from Feb. 6, 1777, to June 2, 1777; credited with 135 days' allowance; also, same Co. and Regt.; muster roll for Jan., 1779, dated West Point; enlisted Jan. 12, 1777; enlistment, 3 yrs.; reported sick at Hartford; also. Colonel's Co., Col. Marshall's Regt.; muster roll for April, 1779, dated West Point; also, descriptive list endorsed "W point January 11th 1781"; Capt. William Parks' Co., Col. Benjamin Tupper's (10th) Regt.; age, 44 yrs.; stature, 5 ft., 8 in.; complexion, light; hair, light; residence, Lancaster (also given Chelms- ford); engaged Oct. 7, 1779, by Capt. Parks; term, during war; also. Private, Col. Tupper's Regt.; service from Jan. 1, 1781, 24 mos. Robb, John. Company receipt, dated Chelmsford, April 19. 1776, for wages for service from Feb. 5, 1776, to April 1, 1776, in Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Roberson's (Robinson's) Regt. Robbins, Jonathan. Sergeant, Capt. John Minott's Co., Col. Dike's Regt.; muster roll for Dec, 1776 — Feb., 1777; credited to town of Chelmsford; enlisted Dec. 13, 1776; regiment raised to serve until March 1, 1777. Robens [Robins], Ephraim. Private, Capt. John Ford's Co. of Volunteers, Col. Jonathan Reed's Regt.; enlisted Sept. 28 (also given Sept. 27), 1777; discharged Nov. 8, 1777; service, 40 (also given 43) days; company probably raised in Dracut, Chelmsford, and Dunstable, and marched Sept. 30, 1777, to reinforce Northern Army. Robens [Robins], Jonathan. Private, Capt. John Ford's Co. of Volunteers, Col. Jonathan Reed's Regt.; enlisted Sept. 28 (also given Sept. 27), 1777; discharged Nov. 8, 1777; service, 40 (also given 43) days; company probably raised in Dracut, Chelmsford, and Dunstable, and marched Sept. 30, 1777, to reinforce Northern Army. Roby, John, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Oliver Barron's Co. of Militia, Col. David Green's Regt., which marched in response to the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 17 days. 344 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Rowell, William, Sandown (also given Chelmsford). Private, Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; enlisted May 6, 1775; service, 3 mos., 3 days. Shad, Jonathan. Company receipt dated Chelmsford, April 19, 1776, for wages for service from Feb. 5, 1776, to April 1, 1776, in Capt. Ford's Co., Col. Roberson's (Robinson's) Regt. Shed, Ebenezer, Chelmsford. Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; company return dated June 15, 1775; age, 25 yrs.; stature, 6 ft.; complexion, dark; occupation, house wright; residence, Chelmsford; enlisted April 25, 1775; also. Private, same Co. and Regt.; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; enlisted April 25, 1775; service, 3 mos., 14 days; also, company return dated Sept. 25, 1775. Shed, Jonathan, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Zaccheus Wright's Co., Col. Brook's Regt.; company return dated Camp at White Plains, Oct. 31, 1776; said Shed reported as in Camp at White Plains and fit for duty. Shed, Jonathan. Private, Capt. John Ford's Co. of Volunteers, Col. Jonathan Reed's Regt.; enlisted Sept. 28 (also given Sept. 27), 1777; discharged Nov. 8, 1777; service, 40 (also given 43) days; company probably raised in Dracut, Chelmsford, and Dunstable, and marched Sept. 30, 1777, to reinforce Northern Army; also, order on Capt. John Ford, of Col. Jonathan Reed's Regt., payable to Daniel Proctor, dated Chelmsford, Nov. 16, 1778, signed by said Shed, for wages for 40 days' service in 1777. Sherwin, Elnathan, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Thomas Hove^^'s Co., Col, Nathan Tyler's Regt.; enlisted July 15, 1779; discharged Dec. 18, 1779; service, 5 mos., 9 days, at Rhode Island; also, same Co. and Regt.; pay roll for Dec, 1779, allowing 1 mo., 5 days' service at Rhode Island, in- cluding travel (100 miles) home. Silaway, Reuben. Company receipt for mileage, given to Capt. John Ford, dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1776; also, company receipt, given to Capt. John Ford, for wages to Oct. 1, 1776, dated Ticonderoga; company marched from Chelmsford, July 25, 1776, and was discharged at Albany, Jan. 1, 1777. Sillaway, Daniel, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Oliver Barron's Co. of Militia, Col. David Green's Regt., which marched in response to the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 9 days. Siloway, Daniel. Company receipt dated Chelmsford, April 19, 1776, for wages for service from Feb. 5, 1776, to April 1, 1776, in Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Roberson's (Robinson's) Regt.; also, company receipt for mileage, given to Capt. John Ford, dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1776; also, company receipt, given to Capt. John Ford, for wages to Oct. 1, 1776, dated Ticonderoga; company marched from Chelmsford, July 25, 1776, and was discharged at Albany, Jan. 1, 1777. Simmonds, John, Boston (also given Chelmsford). Fifer, Major's Co., Col. Henry Jackson's Regt.; Continental Army pay accounts for service from July 14, 1777, to June 1, 1779; residence, Chelmsford; reported deserted June 1, 1779, returned to service May 1, 1780; also, Capt. Nathaniel Jarvis's Co., Col. Jackson's Regt.; pay roll for Feb., 1778; also, same Co. and Regt.; pay rolls for June, July, and Aug., 1778, sworn to at Providence; also, same Co. and Regt.; pay roll for Sept., 1778, certified at Pawtuxet; also, Lieut. Thomas Hunt's Co., Col. Jackson's Regt.; pay rolls for Dec, 1778, and Feb., 1779, sworn to at Pawtuxet; also, Capt. Hunt's (4th) Co., Col. Jackson's Regt.; pay roll for March, 1779, sworn to at Pawtuxet; also, Capt. Lemuel Trescott's (3rd) Co., Col. Jackson's Regt.; muster roll for April, 1779, dated Pawtuxet; enlisted June 27, 1777; enlistment, 3 years; reported furloughed Feb. 22, 1779, by Col. Jackson, for 25 days; also, descriptive list dated Hutts, three miles from West Point, Jan. 28, 1781; Capt. Hastings's Co., 9th Mass. Regt., commanded by Col. Jackson; rank, Fifer; age, 13 yrs.; stature, 4 ft., 8 in ; complexion, dark; hair, dark; residence, Boston; enlisted Jan. 17, 1781, by Col. Jackson; enlistment, during war; reported much marked with small-pox. RECORDS OF CHELMSFORD MEN IN THE REVOLUTION 345 Smiley, William. Companj' receipt for mileage, given to Capt. John Ford, dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1776; also, company receipt, given to Capt. John Ford, for wages to Oct. 1, 1776, dated Ticonderoga; company marched from Chelmsford, July 25, 1776, and was discharged at Albany, _ Jan. 1, 1777. Smith, John. Company receipt for mileage, given to Capt. John Ford, dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1776; also, company receipt, given to Capt. John Ford, for wages to Oct. 1, 1776, dated Ticonderoga; company marched from Chelmsford, July 25, 1776, and was discharged at Albany, Jan. 1, 1777. Spalding, Artemas, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Zaccheus Wright's Co., Col. Brooks's Regt.; company return dated Camp at White Plains, Oct. 31, 1776; said Spalding reported as in Camp at White Plains and fit for duty. Spalding, Joseph, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Zaccheus Wright's Co., Col. Brooks's Regt.; company return dated Camp at White Plains, Oct. 31, 1776; said Spalding reported as in camp and fit for duty; also reported as having lost articles in battle. Spalding, Samuel, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Zaccheus Wright's Co., Col. Brooks's Regt.; company return dated Camp at White Plains, Oct. 31, 1776; reported sick at Weathersfield. Spaulding, [Ashbel.] Private, Capt. Amos Foster's Co., Col. Cyprian How's Regt.; entered service July 28, 1780, 3 days preceding March; discharged Oct. 30, 1780; service, 3 mos., 8 days, probably at Rhode Island, including 5 days (100 miles) travel home; company detached from 7th Middlesex Regt., and ordered part to Rhode Island and part to Fishkill; regiment raised to reinforce Continental Army for 3 months. Spaulding, Azriah, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. John Minot's Co., Col. Josiah Whitney's Regt.; arrived at destination May 10, 1777; discharged July 9, 1777; service, 2 mos., 9 days, at Rhode Island, including travel (8 days) to and from place of destination; roll dated Warwick Neck. Spaulding, Benjamin, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Oliver Barron's Co. of Militia, Col. David Green's Regt., which marched in response to the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 11 days. Spaulding, Benjamin, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Samuel Tay's Co., Lieut. Col. Webb's Regt.; enlisted Aug. 18, 1781; discharged Nov. 29, 1781; service, 3 mos., 22 days, including 11 days (212 miles) travel home; regiment raised in Suffolk and Middlesex Counties to reinforce Continental Army for 3 months. Spaulding, David, Chelmsford. Private, Col. Moses Parker's Co., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 11 days; roll endorsed "L't Benj Walkers Roll." Spaulding, Henry, Jr., Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Oliver Barron's Co. of Militia, Col. David Green's Regt., which marched in response to the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 7 days. Spaulding, Jephthah, Chelmsford. Receipt dated Chelmsford, April 19, 1776, signed by said Spaulding and others, for wages for service from Feb. 5, 1776, to April 1, 1776, in Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. John Rober- son's (Robinson's) Regt.; also. Private, Capt. Zaccheus Wright's Co., Col. Brooks's Regt.; company return dated Camp at White Plains, Oct, 31, 1776; said Spaulding reported as in Camp at White Plains; also reported as having been sent with the wounded; also, Capt. John Minott's Co., Col. Dike's Regt.; muster roll for Dec, 1776 — Feb., 1777; enlisted Dec. 13, 1776; regiment raised to serve until March 1, 1777. Spaulding, Jesse, Chelmsford (probably). List of men probably belonging to Chelmsford, dated May 1, 1775; also, enlistment agreement dated Jan. 29, 1776, signed by said Spaulding and others, engaging themselves to serve until April 1, 1776; also. Corporal, Capt. Reuben Butterfield's Co.; enlisted Dec. 16, 1776; discharged March 16, 1777; service, 90 days; travel home, 15 days (300 miles), also allowed; also, order on Capt. Butterfield, signed by said Spaulding, for remainder of wages due for service in Capt. Butterfield's Co., Col. Thatcher's Regt. (year not given). 346 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Spaulding, John, Chelmsford. Drummer, Capt. Oliver Barron's Co. of Militia, Col. David Green's Regt., which marched in response to the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 10 days. Spaulding, John, Chelmsford (probably). List of men probably belonging to Chelmsford, dated May 1, 1775. Spaulding, John (also given John, 3d), Chelmsford. List of men mustered by Nathaniel Barber, Muster Master for Suffolk Co., dated Boston, June 8, 1777; Capt. Brown's Co., Col. Henry Jackson's Regt.; reported received State bounty; also, Drummer, Major's Co., Col. Jackson's Regt.; Continental Army pay accounts for service from Jan. 1, 1780, to April 3, 1780; also, return certified at Camp near Morristown, April 30, 1780, of officers and men belonging to Col. Lee's, Col. Henley's, and Col. Jackson's Regts., and men belonging to Massachusetts in Col. Henry Sherburne's Regt., who were incorporated into a regiment under the command of Col. Henry Jackson, agreeable to the arrangement of April 9, 1779; Major's Co.; rank. Drummer; residence, Chelmsford; engaged for town of Chelmsford; engaged April 3, 1777; term, 3 yrs. ; reported discharged April 3, 1780, term of enlistment having expired. Spaulding, John, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Samuel Tay's Co., Lieut. Col. Webb's Regt.; enlisted Aug. 18, 1781; discharged Nov. 29, 1781; service, 3 mos., 22 days, including 11 days (212 miles) travel home; regiment raised in Suffolk and Middlesex Counties to reinforce Continental Army for 3 months. Spaulding, John. Receipt dated Chelmsford, April 19, 1776, signed by said Spaulding and others, for wages for service from Feb. 5, 1776, to April 1, 1776, in Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Roberson's (Robinson's) Regt. Spaulding, Jonas (also given Jonas, Jr.), Chelmsford. Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; company return dated June 15, 1775; age, 19 yrs.; stature, 6 ft.; complexion, light; occupation, farmer; residence, Chelmsford; enlisted, April 29 (also given April 27), 1775; also. Private, same Co. and Regt.; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; enhsted April 29, 1775; service, 3 mos., 10 days; also, company return dated Sept. 25, 1775; also, account of articles lost at the battle of Bunker Hill, June 17, 1775, by said Spaulding and others; also, memorandum of firelocks received of sundry officers and soldiers; date of delivery, Jan. 1, 1776. Spaulding, Joseph, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Oliver Barron's Co. of Militia, Col. David Green's Regt. which marched in response to the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 6 days; also, Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; order for advance pay, signed by said Spaulding and others, dated Camp at Cambridge, June 6, 1775 also, same Co. and Regt.; company return dated June 15, 1775; age 20 yrs.; stature, 5 ft., 10 in.; complexion, dark; occupation, farmer residence, Chelmsford; enlisted April 25, 1775; also. Private, same Co and Regt.; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; enlisted April 25, 1775 service, 3 mos., 14 days; also, company return dated Sept. 25, 1775. Spaulding, Joseph. Receipt dated Chelmsford, April 19, 1776, signed by said Spaulding and others, for wages for service from Feb. 5, 1776, to April 1, 1776, in Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Roberson's (Robinson's) Regt. Spaulding, Joseph, Jr., Chelmsford. Private, Col. Moses Parker's Co., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 8 days; roll endorsed "L't Benj Walkers Roll"; also, Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; company return dated June 15, 1775; age, 19 yrs.; stature, 6 ft.; complexion, light; occupation, farmer; residence, Chelmsford; enlisted April 27, 1775; also. Private, same Co. and Regt.; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; enlisted April 27, 1775; service, 3 mos., 12 daysr also, company return dated Sept. 25, 1775. Spaulding, Micah, Chelmsford. Private, Col. Moses Parker's Co., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 10 days. Roll endorsed "L't Benj Walkers Roll." RECORDS OF CHELMSFORD MEN IN THE REVOLUTION 347 Spaulding, Robert, Chelmsford. 2d Lieutenant, Capt. John Ford's (4th) Co., 7th Middlesex Co. Regt. of Mass. Militia; list of officers; com- missioned May 31, 1776; also, 2d Lieutenant, Capt. Ford's (4th) Co. (North Co. in Chelmsford); list of officers chosen in said company, as returned by Simeon Spaulding, field officer, dated Chelmsford, July 5, 1776; ordered in Council, Sept. 3, 1776, that said officers be commissioned; also, 2d Lieutenant, Capt. Zaccheus Wright's (8th) Co., Col. Eleazer Brooks's Regt.; list of officers of a regiment drafted from Middlesex Co. Militia and ordered to march to Horse Neck by Brig. Oliver Prescott, Sept. 26, 1776; also. Lieutenant, Capt. Wright's Co., Col. Brooks's Regt.; company return dated Camp at White Plains, Oct. 31, 1776; said Spaulding reported as in Camp at White Plains and fit for duty. Spaulding, Samuel. Private, Capt. John Minott's Co., Col. Dike's Regt.; muster roll for Dec, 1776 — Feb., 1777; credited to town of Chelmsford; enlisted Dec. 19, 1776; regiment raised to serve until March 1, 1777. Spaulding, Silas, Chelmsford. Sergeant, Capt. Oliver Barron's Co. of Militia, Col. David Green's Regt., which marched in response to the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 16 days; also, list of men probably belonging to Chelmsford, dated May 1, 1775. Spaulding, Simeon. 1st Lieutenant Colonel, Col. David Green's (2d Middle- sex Co.) Regt., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 6 days; reported returned home; also official record of a ballot by the House of Representatives, dated Feb. 7, 1776; said Spaulding chosen Colonel, 7th Middlesex Co. Regt. of Mass. Militia; appointment con- curred in by Council, Feb. 8, 1776; reported commissioned Feb. 8, 1776; also, list of officers chosen in 4th Co. (North Co. in Chelmsford), as returned by said Spaulding, field officer and moderator, dated Chelmsford, July 5, 1776; also, Colonel; list of members of committees appointed to raise men for New York and Canada, showing number of commissions delivered them; said Spaulding reported as belonging to committee for Middlesex Co.; also, resignation dated Chelmsford, March 9, 1778, signed by said Spaulding, resigning his commission as Colonel of 7th Middlesex Co. Regt. of Mass. Militia on account of advanced age; resignation accepted in Council, March 11, 1778. Spaulding, [Simeoni. Private, Capt. Amos Foster's Co., Col. Cyprian How's Regt.; entered service July 28, 1780, 3 days preceding march; discharged Oct. 30, 1780; service, 3 mos., 8 days, probably at Rhode Island, in- cluding 5 days (100 miles) travel home; company detached from 7th Middlesex Co. Regt. and ordered part to Rhode Island and part to Fishkill; regiment raised to reinforce Continental Army for 3 months. Spaulding, William. Private, Capt. Joseph Bradley Varnum's Co., Col. Mclntush's (Mcintosh's) Regt.; Gen. Lovel's Brigade; enlisted July 30, 1778; discharged Sept. 11, 1778; service, 1 mo., 17 days, on expedition to Rhode Island, including 5 days (100 miles) travel home. Roll dated Dracut. Spaulding, Zebulon, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Zaccheus Wright's Co., Col. Brooks's Regt.; company return dated Camp at White Plains, Oct. 31, 1776; said Spaulding reported as in Camp at White Plains and fit for duty. Spauling, Jephthah, Chelmsford. Private, Col. Moses Parker's Co., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 12 days; roll endorsed "L't Benj Walkers Roll." Spoulding, Azriah. Private, Capt. John Ford's Co. of Volunteers, Col. Jonathan Reed's Regt.; enlisted Sept. 28 (also given Sept. 27), 1777; discharged Nov. 8, 1777; service, 40 (also given 43) days; company probably raised in Dracut, Chelmsford, and Dunstable, and marched Sept. 30, 1777, to reinforce Northern Army. Spoulding, Joel. Private, Capt. John Ford's Co. of Volunteers, Col. Jonathan Reed's Regt.; enlisted Sept. 28 (also given Sept. 27), 1777; discharged Nov. 8, 1777; service, 40 (also given 43) days; company probably raised in Dracut, Chelmsford, and Dunstable, and marched Sept. 30, 1777, to reinforce Northern Army. 348 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Spoulding, William. Private, Capt. John Ford's Co. of Volunteers, Col. Jonathan Reed's Regt.; enlisted Sept. 28 (also given Sept. 27), 1777; discharged Nov. 8, 1777; service, 40 (also given 43) days; company probably raised in Dracut, Chelmsford, and Dunstable, and marched Sept. 30, 1777, to reinforce Northern Army. Sprage, Jonathan, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Oliver Barron's Co. of Militia, Col. David Green's Regt., which marched in response to the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 6 days. Sprake, Benjamin. Company receipt for mileage, given to Capt. John Ford, dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1776; also, company receipt, given to Capt. John Ford, for wages to Oct. 1, 1776, dated Ticonderoga; company marched from Chelmsford, July 25, 1776, and was discharged at Albany, Jan. 1, 1777. Sprake (?), Nicholas. Company receipt dated Chelmsford, April 19, 1776, for wages for service from Feb. 5, 1776, to April 1, 1776, in Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. John Roberson's (Robinson's) Regt. Sprauge, Jonathan, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; enlisted April 25, 1775; service, 3 mos., 14 days. Sprigu, Jonathan, Chelmsford. Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Bridge's Regt.; company return dated June 15, 1775; age, 19 yrs.; stature, 5 ft., 8 in.; complexion, light; occupation, housewright; residence, Chelmsford; en- listed April 25, 1775. Sprigue, Jonathan, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; company return dated Sept. 25, 1775. Stacy, William, Pepperell (also given Chelmsford). Descriptive list dated Feb. 20, 1782; Light Infantry Co., Lieut. Col. John Brooks's (7th) Regt.; age, 19 (also given 20) yrs.; stature, 5 ft., 10 in.; complexion, light (also given dark) ; hair, light (also given dark) ; occupation, black- smith; birthplace, Chelmsford; residence, Pepperell (also given Chelms- ford); engaged for town of Chelmsford; engaged April 22, 1782; term, 3 yrs.; also. Light Infantry Co., Lieut. Col. Brooks's (7th) Regt.; list of men who died or were discharged subsequent to Jan. 1, 1781; said Stacy discharged June 15, 1783, by Gen. Washington; reported an officer's servant. Starns, Jonathan. Company receipt, given to Capt. John Ford, for wages to Oct. 1, 1776, dated Ticonderoga; company marched from Chelmsford, July 25, 1776, and was discharged at Albany, Jan. 1, 1777. Stevens, Jesse, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Samuel Tay's Co., Lieut. Col. Webb's Regt.; enlisted Aug. 18, 1781; discharged Nov. 29, 1781; service, 3 mos., 22 days, including 11 days (212 miles) travel home; regiment raised in Suffolk and Middlesex Counties to reinforce Continental Army for 3 months; roll dated Woburn. Stevens, Jonathan. Company receipt dated Chelmsford, April 19, 1776, for wages for service from Feb. 5, 1776, to April 1, 1776, in Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Roberson's (Robinson's) Regt. Stevens, Samuel, Chelmsford. Lieutenant, Capt. Oliver Barron's Co. of Militia, Col. David Green's Regt., which marched in response to the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 10 days. Taloy, John. Company receipt dated Chelmsford, April 19, 1776, for wages for service from Feb. 5, 1776, to April 1, 1776, in Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Roberson's (Robinson's) Regt. Taylor, John. Company receipt for mileage, given to Capt. John Ford, dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1776; also, company receipt, given lo Capt. John Ford, for wages to Oct. 1, 1776, dated Ticonderoga; company marched from Chelmsford, July 25, 1776, and was discharged at Albany, Jan. 1, 1777. Thorndike, Hezekiah. Company receipt dated Chelmsford, April 29, 1776, for wages for service from Feb. 5, 1776, to April 1, 1776, in Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Roberson's (Robinson's Regt.; also, company receipt for mileage, given to Capt. John Ford, dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, RECORDS OF CHELMSFORD MEN IN THE REVOLUTION 349 1776; also, company receipt, given to Capt. John Ford, for wages to Oct. 1, 1776, dated Ticonderoga; company marched from Chelmsford, July 25, 1776, and was discharged at Albany, Jan. 1, 1777. Tuttle, Nathaniel, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Samuel Tay's Co., Lieut. Col. Webb's Regt.; enlisted Aug. 18, 1781; discharged Nov. 29, 1781; service, 3 mos., 22 days, including 11 days (212 miles) travel home; regiment raised in Suffolk and Middlesex Counties to reinforce Contin- ental Army for 3 months. Twiss, John, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Oliver Barron's Co. of Militia, Col. David Green's Regt., which marched in response to the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 3 days. Twiss, Samuel. Receipt dated Chelmsford, April 19, 1776, signed by said Twiss and others, for wages for service from Feb. 5, 1776, to April 1, 1776, in Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Roberson's (Robinson's) Regt.; also, Private, Capt. John Minott's Co., Col. Dike's Regt.; pay abstract for equipments for Dec, 1776, Jan. and Feb., 1777. [See Samuel Swiss.] Twist, Daniel, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Zaccheus Wright's Co., Col. Brooks's Regt.; company return dated Camp at White Plains, Oct. 31, 1776; reported as in camp and fit for duty. Tyler, Joseph. Private, Capt. John Ford's Co. of Volunteers, Col. Jonathan Reed's Regt.; enlisted Sept. 28 (also given Sept. 27), 1777; discharged Oct. 20, 1777; service, 20 (also given 23) days; company probably raised in Dracut, Chelmsford, and Dunstable, and marched Sept. 30, 1777, to reinforce Northern Army. Tylor, Joseph, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Oliver Barron's Co. of Militia, Col. David Green's Regt., which marched in response to the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 10 days. Underwood, Phineas, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Zaccheus Wright's Co., Col. Brooks's Regt.; company return dated Camp at White Plains, Oct. 31, 1776; said Underwood reported as in camp and fit for duty. Wakefield, Ebenezer. Company receipt for mileage, given to Capt. John Ford, dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1776; also, company receipt, given to Capt. Ford, for wages to Oct. 1, 1776, dated Ticonderoga; company marched from Chelmsford, July 25, 1776, and was discharged at Albany, Jan. 1, 1777. Walker, Benjamin, Chelmsford. Lieutenant, Col. Moses Parker's Co., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 5 days; roll endorsed "L't Benj Walkers Roll"; also. Captain; list of officers belonging to Col. Ebenezer Bridge's Regt. to be commissioned; ordered in Provincial Congress, at Watertown, May 27, 1775, that said officers be commissioned; receipt for above commissions, dated Watertown, May 27, 1775; also, Captain, Col. Bridge's (27th) Regt.; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; engaged April 19, 1775; service, 3 mos., 15 days; also, company return (probably Oct., 1775); reported deceased. Walker, Benjamin, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Samuel Tay's Co., Lieut. Col. Webb's Regt.; enlisted Aug. 18, 1781; discharged Nov. 29, 1781; service. 3 mos.. 22 days, including 11 days (212 miles) travel home; regiment raised in Suffolk and Middlesex Counties to reinforce Continental Army for 3 months. Walker, David, Chelmsford. Private, Col. Moses Parker's Co., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 9 days; roll endorsed "L't Benj Walkers Roll"; also, Capt. Benjamin Walker's Co.; order for advance pay, signed by said Walker and others, dated Camp at Cambridge, June 6, 1775; also, order on Maj. Barber, dated Cambridge, June 24, 1775, signed by Col. E. Bridge, for cartridge boxes for said Walker and others belonging to Lieut. John Flint's Co.; also. Private, Capt. Walker's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; company return (probably Oct., 1775). Walker, David, Chelmsford. List of 6 months men raised agreeable to resolve of June 5, 1780, returned as received of Maj. Joseph Hosmer, Superintendent for Middlesex Co., by Justin Ely, Commissioner, dated Springfield; also, descriptive list of men raised to reinforce the Continental 350 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Army for the term of 6 months, agreeable to resolve of June 5, 1780, returned as received of Justin Ely, Commissioner, by Brig. Gen. John Glover, at Springfield, July 7, 1780; age, 23 yrs.; stature, 6 ft., 3 in.; complexion, dark; engaged for town of Chelmsford; marched to camp July 7, 1780, under command of Capt. Dix.; also, list of men raised for the 6 months' service and returned by Brig. Gen. Paterson as having passed muster in a return dated Camp Totoway, Oct. 25, 1780; also, pay roll for 6 months men raised by the town of Chelmsford for service in the Continental Army at North river during 1780; marched from home June 30, 1780; discharged Jan. 7, 1781; service, 6 mos., 19 days, including 10 days (200 miles) travel home; also, descriptive list of men raised in Middlesex Co., agreeable to resolve of Dec. 2, 1780, as returned by Joseph Hosmer, Superintendent for said county; age, 25 yrs.; stature, 6 ft., 2 in.; complexion, light; hair, brown; eyes, blue; occupation, farmer (also given laborer); engaged for town of Chelmsford; engaged Dec. 28 (also given Nov. 28), 1781; term, 1 year. Warren, Benjamin, Chelmsford. Sergeant, Capt. Oliver Barron's Co. of Militia, Col. David Green's Regt., which marched in response to the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 9 days; also, 2d Lieutenant, Capt. Samuel Stephens, Jr.'s (4th) Co. (North Co. in Chelmsford), Col. Simeon Spaulding's (7th Middlesex Co.) Regt. of Mass. Militia; list of officers chosen by the several companies in said regiment; ordered in Council, May 31, 1776, that said officers be commissioned; also, 2d Lieutenant, Capt. Stephens's (4th) Co., 7th Middlesex Co. Regt. of Mass. Militia; list of officers commissioned May 31, 1776; names of officers of said company crossed out on list, probably because another set of officers was chosen later; also, 1st Lieutenant, Capt. John Ford's (4th) Co. (North Co. in Chelmsford), 7th Middlesex Co. Regt. of Mass. Militia; list of officers chosen in said company, as returned by Simeon Spaulding, field officer, dated Chelmsford, July 5, 1776; ordered in Council, Sept. 3, 1776, that said officers be commissioned; commissions reported dated Sept. 3, 1776. Warren, Jeduthan. Private, Capt. John Ford's Co. of Volunteers, Col. Jonathan Reed's Regt.; enlisted Sept. 28 (also given Sept. 27), 1777; discharged Nov. 8, 1777; service, 40 (also given 43) days; company probably raised in Dracut, Chelmsford, and Dunstable, and marched Sept. 30, 1777, to reinforce Northern Army. Warren, Joseph, Chelmsford (also given Townsend). Return of men raised to serve in the Continental Army from Capt. Warren's Co., Col. Jonathan Reed's (6th Middlesex Co.) Regt.; residence, Chelmsford; enlisted for town of Townsend (also given Chelmsford); joined Capt. Maxwell's Co., Col. Bailey's Regt.; enlistment, 3 yrs.; also, Private, 1st Co., Col. John Bailey's Regt.; Continental Army pay accounts for service from June 1, 1777, to Dec. 31, 1779; also, Capt. Hugh Maxwell's (1st) Co., Col. Bailey's Regt.; company return dated Camp near Valley Forge, Jan. 24, 1778; residence, Townsend; also, same Co. and Regt.; muster roll for July, 1779, dated West Point; enlisted Jan. 1, 1777; reported on command at Philadelphia; also, Lieut. Colonel's Co., Col. Bailey's Regt.; Continental Army pay accounts for service from Jan. 1, 1780, to June 1, 1780. Weatherby, John, Chelmsford. List of men raised from 3d Middlesex Co. Regt. to reinforce the Continental Army for the term of 9 months, agree- able to resolve of April 20, 1778, as returned by E. Brooks, Superintendent; also, descriptive list of men raised by the town of Danvers to serve in the Continental Army, agreeable to resolve of April 20, 1778; age, 27 yrs.; stature, 5 ft., 7 in.; complexion, light; hair, dark; eyes, dark; residence, Chelmsford. Wheelock, Jonathan. Receipt dated Boston, May 24, 1782, for bounty paid said Wheelock by Samuel Lancey, Chairman of Class No. 2 of the town of Chelmsford, to serve in the Continental Army for the term of 3 years. RECORDS OF CHELMSFORD MEN IN THE REVOLUTION 351 Whiting, Samuel. Company receipt for mileage, given to Capt. John Ford dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1776; also, company receipt, given to Capt' John Ford, for wages to Oct. 1, 1776, dated Ticonderoga; company marched from Chelmsford, July 25, 1776, and was discharged at Albanv Jan. 1, 1777. ■'' Whiting, William. Private; list of men belonging to Capt. Asa Lawrance's Co., Col. Poor's Regt.; depositions affixed made by William Adams and Joseph Dows, sworn to at Chelmsford, April 23, 1841, and in Middlesex Co., May 6, 1841, respectively, state that in the summer of 1778 they enlisted for the term of 8 months and went to West Point; that they served m Capt. Asa Lawrance's Co., Col. Poor's Regt., near King's Ferry and Peekskill; that said company was made up of men from Groton, Westford, Chelmsford, Tewksbury, Billerica, Bedford, Tyngs- borough, and Dracut, and was commanded for the most part by 1st Lieut. John Flint. Wier, Jeremiah, Limerick (also given Chelmsford). Private, Capt. Henry Farwell's Co., Col. William Prescott's Regt.; muster roll dated Aug 1 1775; enlisted April 25, 1775; service, 98 days; also, return of men raised to serve in the Continental Army (vear not given); residence Chelmsford; engaged for town of Chelmsford. ' ' Williams, Benjamin. Company receipt for mileage, given to Capt. John Ford, dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1776; also, company receipt, given to Capt. John Ford, for wages to Oct. 1, 1776, dated Ticonderoga- company marched from Chelmsford, July 25, 1776, and was dischar<^ed at Albany, Jan. 1, 1777. "^ Williams, Jacob. Company receipt for mileage, given to Capt. John Ford dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1776; also, company receipt, given to Capt John Ford, for wages to Oct. 1, 1776, dated Ticonderoga; company marched from Chelmsford, July 25, 1776, and was discharged at Albanv Jan. 1, 1777. •" Willis, Zachariah, Chelmsford (also given Westford, Westfield, and Lanes- borough). Private, Capt. Smart's Co., Col. Calvin Smith's (late Wiggles- worth s) 13th Regt.; Continental Army pay accounts for service from Jan 6, 1777, to Dec. 31, 1780; residence, Chelmsford (also given West- ford) ; credited to town of Chelmsford; also, Capt. Nicholas Blasdel's Co Col. Edward Wigglesworth's Regt. ; return dated Camp Valley Forge, l^eb. 5, 1778; mustered by Col. Barrett, County Muster Master- also ^me Co. and Regt.; muster roll for May, 1778, dated Camp Valley Forge; also, same Co. and Regt.; muster roll for June, 1778, dated Camp Greeage"; reported at Peekskill tending the sick; also, same Co. and Regt.; pay roll for Oct., 1778, sworn to at Camp Providence- also Capt. Blasdel's Co., (late) Col. Wigglesworth's Regt.; muster roll for March and April, 1779, dated Providence; enlisted Jan. 6 1777- enhstment, 3 yrs.; reported furloughed April 23, 1779, by Maj. Porter' T u /- ^^^' ^'^°' descriptive list dated West Point, Jan. 25, 1781- Col John Greaton's (3d) Regt.; age, 39 yrs.; stature, 5 ft., A\ in.; complexion, ^nV^'uU aai"^; eyes, dark; residence, Westfield; enlisted Nov. 15, n \^\ir^'^^--^^^^'^' enlistment, during war; also (late) Capt. Smart's iT^o'i j^^^' ^^^^•'' account of clothing delivered subsequent to Jan. 1, 1781, endorsed "July 1781"; reported on command at West Point- also, list dated Jan. 18, 1802, returned by John Avery, Secertary, and i'. Cottin, Treasurer, of men who had enlisted into the Continental Army and actually served 3 years, and were, accordingly, entitled to gratuities under resolves of March 4, 1801, and June, 1801; 3d Mass. Regt.; residence, Lanesborough. Willson Ephraim, Chelmsford. Sergeant, Capt. Turner's Co., Col. Henry Jackson s Regt.; Continental Army pay accounts for service from June 1, 1777, to Dec 31, 1780; also, Capt. Joseph Fox's Co., Col. Henley's Regt.; pay roll for Nov., 1778; also, Capt. Thomas Turner's (9th) Co., «_ol. Jackson s Regt.; muster roll for April, 1779, dated Pawtuxet- appointed June 1 1778; term, 3 yrs.; also, same Co. and Regt.; return dated Camp at Providence, July 10, 1779; engaged for town of Chelms- 352 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD ford; also, Capt. Turner's (5th) Co., Col. Jackson's Regt.; pay roll for Oct., 1779; also, same Co. and Regt.; regimental return made up to Dec. 31, 1779, dated Camp at Providence; engaged June 1, 1777; also, return certified at Camp near Morristown, April 30, 1780, of officers and men belonging to Col. Lee's, Col. Henley's, and Col. Jackson's Regts., and men belonging to Massachusetts in Col. Henry Sherburne's Regt., who were incorporated into a regiment under the command of Col. Henry Jackson, agreeable to the arrangement of April 9, 1779; Capt. Turner's Co.; rank. Sergeant; residence, Chelmsford; engaged July 2, 1778; term, during war; also, Capt. Thomas Turner's Co., Col. Jackson's (16th) Regt.; pay roll for June and July, 1780; reported sick and absent. Willson, Joseph. Company receipt dated Chelmsford, April 19, 1776, for wages for service from Feb. 5, 1776, to April 1, 1776, in Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Roberson's (Robinson's) Regt. Willson, Leonard. Company receipt dated Chelmsford, April 19, 1776, for wages for service from Feb. 5, 1776, to April 1, 1776, in Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Roberson's (Robinson's) Regt. Willson, Samuel. Enlistment agreement dated Jan. 29, 1776, signed by said Willson and others, engaging themselves to serve until April 1, 1776; also, company receipt dated Chelmsford, April 19, 1776, for wages for service from Feb. 5, 1776, to April 1, 1776, in Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Roberson's (Robinson's) Regt. Wilson, Ephraim, Chelmsford. List of men mustered by Nathaniel Barber, Muster Master for Suffolk Co., dated Boston, July 5, 1778; Capt. Fox's Co., Col. Henley's Regt.; reported received State bounty; also, descrip- tive list dated Hutts, three miles from West Point, Jan. 28, 1781; Capt. Turner's Co., 9th Mass. Regt. commanded by Col. Henry Jackson; rank. Sergeant; age, 21 yrs. ; stature, 5 ft., 6 in.; complexion, light; hair, light; occupation, blacksmith; residence, Chelmsford; engaged, Jan, 1, 1780, by Col. Jackson; term, during war. Wilson, Samuel, Chelmsford. Capt. John Ford's Co., Col. Bridge's Regt.; company return dated June 15, 1775; age, 21 yrs.; stature, 6 ft.; com- plexion, light; occupation, farmer; residence, Chelmsford; enlisted April 25, 1775; also. Private, Capt. Ford's Co., Col. Ebenezer Bridge's (27th) Regt.; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; enlisted April 25, 1775; service, 3 mos., 14 days; also, company return dated Sept. 25, 1775; also, Capt. Zaccheus Wright's Co., Col. Brooks's Regt.; company return dated Camp at White Plains, Oct. 31, 1776; said Wilson reported as in Camp at White Plains and fit for duty. Wood, Solomon. Company receipt for mileage, given to Capt. John Ford, dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1776; also, company receipt, given to Capt. John Ford for wages to Oct. 1, 1776, dated Ticonderoga; company marched from Chelmsford, July 25, 1776, and was discharged at Albany, Jan. 1, 1777. Worren, Jeduthan. Company receipt for mileage, given to Capt. John Ford, dated Ticonderoga, Aug. 28, 1776; also, company receipt, given to Capt. John Ford, for wages to Oct. 1, 1776, dated Ticonderoga; company marched from Chelmsford, July 25, 1776, and was discharged at Albany, Jan. 1, 1777. Wyer, Jeremiah, Chelmsford. Private, Capt. Henry Farwell's (1st) Co., Col. William Prescott's (10th) Regt.; company return (probably Oct., 1775); reported enlisted April 19, 1775. RECORDS OF CHELMSFORD MEN IN THE REVOLUTION 353 LIST OF MEN ON ROLLS OF CHELMSFORD COMPANIES, BUT NOT CREDITED TO ANY TOWN. Adams, Benjamin Adams, Capt. Jesse Annis, Ezra Annis, Jacob Bailey, James Bailey, William Bancroft, Caleb Bancroft, Ebenezer Barrett, Joseph Barrett, Stephen Barrit, John Barron, Lieut. Jonathan Bell, Joshua Blanchard, Cuff Blanchard, Jeremiah Blodgett, Lieut. William Blood, Able Blood, Edmund Boldwin, John Bowers, Lieut. Jonathan Bowers, John Brown, John Burge, John Butterfield, Nathaniel Capron, Jonathan Carleton, John Carleton, John, Jr. Chamberlin, Capt. Samuel Clark, Benjamin Clark, Col. Jonas Clough, David Coburn, Nathan Coburn, Samson Colburn, Eleazer Colburn, Jerahmel Colby, James Corey, Elijah Corey, Samuel Craford, John Cummings, Sim(eo)n Didson, John Didson, Seth Durant, John Emerson, Joseph Estabrooks, Joseph Pips, Charles Foster, Jonath Fox, Abijah Fox, John Frost, Sart. Joseph Frothingham, Jabez Gordin, Wm. Green, Ebenezer Griffin, Uriah Hardee, Moses Harris, Chas. Harris, Sampson Harwood, Lieut. Jonathan Hill, Jeremiah Hunt, Israel Kilmot, Thomas Lane, Zibon Liveston, Isaac Longon, Daniel Loyd, John MacGould, Noah Maskel, Samuel Mearel (?), David Mears, Abraham Merrick, John Mills, John Monroe, Aaron Morrill, Nicholas Morrison, Corp. Wm. Palmer, Aaron Peak, Samuel Perham, Lemuel, Jr. Person, James Petingal, Daniel Pettingal, Joseph Pollard, Solomon Porter, Asa Proctor, Gershom Richardson, John Richardson, Capt. Zechariah Robbins, Ensign Jonas Russell, Amos., Sergt. Small, Aaron Smith, Thomas Smith, Wm. Spalding, Thomas (or Spaulding) Spaulding, Artemas Spaulding, Ashbel Sprake, John Stearns, W^m. Sterns, Wm. Storrs, John Underwood, Jonathan Webber, John Welsh, Daniel Whitney, Samuel Winning, John Woodward, Jonathan 354 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Names of men found on the Town records who received bounty for going into the service, and whose names are not on the other lists: Chambers, Matthew; Blodgett, Henry; Blodget, Simeon; Fitzgerald, James; Hildreth, Zachariah; Hutchins, Thomas; Snydam, Thorn; Woods, Samuel. RECAPITULATION. Nimiber of records of Chelmsford men given . . . 504 Nimiber of names on Chelmsford rolls not credited to any town 120 Number of men who received bounty from the Town of Chelmsford, whose names are not on the above lists . 8 Total ^632 Nimiber twice mentioned 88 Number of Chelmsford men who served in the Revolu- tionary War 544 CHELMSFORD MEN WHO ANSWERED THE ALARM OF APRIL 19, 1775. Abbot, William; Abbott, Jeremiah; Adams, John; Adams, Robert; Adams, Thomas; Ausgood, Benjamin; Ausgood, Joseph; Barrit, Benjamin; Barritt, Simeon; Barron, Moses; Barron, Oliver; Bates, John; Blood, Josiah; Bowers, WilHam; Bridge, Ebenezer; Bridge, William; Britton, Samuel; Burge, David; Butterfield, Benjamin; Cambel, William; Chamberlin, Isaac; Chamberling, Aaron; Chambers, David; Chambers, John; Cham- bers, William; Cleaveland, Enoch; Dammon, Daniel; Danforth, David; Daverson, Francis; Davis, Joshua; Dunn, James, Jr.; Dunn, John; Dunn, William; Durant, Joshua; Esterbrooks, Moses; Farly, Benjamin; Farrar, Nathaniel; Fletcher, Charles; Fletcher, Henry; Fletcher, Josiah; Fletcher, Oliver; Fletcher, Samuel; Fletcher, William; Fletcher, William, 3d; Fletcher, Zaccheus; Ford, John; Foster, Isaac; Foster, Isaiah; Foster, Nathaniel; Foster, Reuben; Freland, John; Goold, Ebenezer; Hastings, Walter; Howard, Jacob; Howard, Willard; Keent, Isaac, Jr. ; Keyes, Daniel; Keyes, John; Keys, Solomon; Marshal, Samuel; Marshall, David; Marshall, Isaac; Marshall, Joseph; Marshall, Samuel; Marshall, Thomas, Jr. ; Mastes, Amos; Mears, John; Mears, William; Melvin, Benjamin; Minot, John; Osgood, Joseph; Parker, Benjamin; Parker, Benjamin, Jr.; Parker, Isaac; Parker, John; Parker, Moses; Parker, Reuben; Parker, Willard; Parker, William; Parker, William, Jr.; Park- hurst, Benjamin; Parkhurst, Ephraim; Parkhurst, Samuel (Family tradition); Peirce, Benjamin; Peirce, Jonas; Peirce, Jonathan; Peirce, Levi; Peirce, Robert; Peirce, Stephen, Jr.; Perham, Samuel, Jr.; Procter, Azariah; Reed, Supply; Richard- son, Josiah; Richardson, Oliver; Roby, John; Sillaway, Daniel; Spaulding, Benjamin; Spaulding, David; Spaulding, Plenry, Jr.; Spaulding, John; Spaulding, Joseph; Spaulding, Joseph, Jr.; Spaulding, Micah; Spaulding, Silas; Spaulding, Simeon; Spauld- RECORDS OF CHELMSFORD MEN IN THE REVOLUTION 355 ing, Jephthah; Sprage, Jonathan; Stevens, Samuel; Twiss, John; Tylor, Joseph; Walker, Benjamin; Walker, David; Warren, Benjamin; Wyer, Jeremiah. The Chelmsford men at Bunker Hill were those found on the roll of field and staff officers of Bridge's regiment, those on the roll of Ford's first enlisted company, and those on the roll of Walker's company. Chelmsford men who were wounded in the Battle of Bunker Hill, as given by Allen: Col. Ebenezer Bridge, Lieut. Col. Moses Parker, Captain Benjamin Walker, John Keyes, Moses Barker, James Dunn, Elijah Hazelton, Samuel Marshall, John Parker, Benjamin Hay- ward, Solomon Keyes, Robert Richardson, Joseph Spaulding, Noah Foster, Francis Davidson. The last name is from Bridge's Diary. These Chelmsford men were at Valley Forge during the army's terrible experience in the winter of 1777-78. The first four are from a List of Officers at Valley Forge, prepared by Brig. Gen. Philip Reade: Isaac Parker, 1st Lieutenant, 8th Infantry (M. Jackson); Walter Hastings, Surgeon, 8th Infantry (M. Jackson); Zachariah Hildreth, Ensign, 16th Infantry (H. Jackson); Benjamin Pierce, Ensign, 8th Infantry (M. Jackson); Joseph Warren, William Mears, Josiah Blood, Benjamin Chamberlain, Zachariah Willis, William Blazedell, Henry Blazedell. Names of soldiers from Chelmsford who died or were killed in the Revolutionary War: Lt. Col. Moses Parker, wounded at Bunker Hill, died a prisoner in Boston, July 4, 1775. Buried at Boston. Capt. Benjamin Walker, wounded at Bunker Hill, died a prisoner in Boston, in ye latter end of August, 1775. (Aug. 15, Bunker Hill Mem. Tablets, p. 123.) Buried at Boston. "He died, not of his wound, but of sickness." Allen says that both Parker and Walker had a leg amputated. Lt. Robert Spalding, died at Milford, Ct., in 1776, "returning from ye Army at New York." "The Spalding Memorial" says: "While on his way to join the American Army." John Bates, died in the Army at Cambridge; buried at Cambridge, December 4, 1775. David Spalding, Jr., died at Ticonderoga, of the smallpox, August 28, 1776. Peletiah Adams, killed at Cherry Valley, 1778, in the fall (Nov. 11). Ezra Corey reported died May 9, 1777. Noah Foster, killed at Bemis's Heights, Stillwater, October 7, 1777. Henry Fletcher, killed at White Plains, February 3, 1780. Ebenezer Foster, died "in the Army," before Nov. 5, 1777. Samuel Wilson never returned from the army, nor were the time and manner of his death ever known. [Allen.] CHAPTER VI. SHAYS' REBELLION— WARS OF 1812, 1848, 1898. SHAYS' REBELLION. THE War of the Revolution brought great economic distress to the country, and this, with a certain spirit of lawlessness, was the cause of Shays' Rebellion, so called from the leader, Daniel Shays, who had been a Captain in the Continental Army. The seat of the rebellion was western Massachusetts, where the people were under a burden of private debts and heavy taxes. The courts were over-crowded with lawsuits. Debtors were pressed. "Attachments were put upon the poor man's cattle and teams, and his little homestead was sacrificed under the sheriff's hammer." Conventions met and drew up statements of grievances. Demand was made that the Court of Common Pleas be abolished, that large amounts of paper money be issued, taxes reduced, and "that the General Court should no longer sit amid the baleful influences of a merchant-and-lawyer-infested Boston." The following, in the possession of the writer, will serve as a sample of the documents relating to this period. To the Honbl. The Court of Common Pleas to be Holden Att Worcester the 5 day of Septr. Jnstant. The Petition of the Inhabitants of The Town of Athol Humbly Sheweth that By Reason of the Great Scarcity of a Circulating Medium The Good People of this County are Unable to Satisfy the Executions that May Come Out against them Without their Property Being Sold Much Under the Real Value. We Your Petitioners Therefore Pray Your Hours That all Sivil Causeis Might be Suspended Except Whare the Parties are agreed to have a trial or Where itt appears to the Court That the Creditor is in Jmmediate Danger of Loosing His Property. And your Petitioners as in Duty Bound Shall Ever Pray. Athol Septr. ye 4th, 1786. Simon Goddard Moderater. In the stimmer of 1786 the Coiu-ts at Northampton, V\^orcester, Great Barrington, and Concord were prevented from sitting. The Supreme Court at Springfield was broken up. At Worcester the bravery of Gen. Artemas Ward, then Chief Justice, in facing the bayonets of the insurgents, is well known. (See "Old Times in Shrewsbury," Elizabeth Ward.) At Concord the insurrec- tionary leader was Job Shattuck of Groton, who had been a captain in the Revolution. (For an account of him, see Green's "Groton in the Revolution.") Governor Bowdoin raised a force of militia under General Lincoln, and put down the rebellion. SHA YS' REBELLION— WARS OF 1812, 1848, 1898 357 At Petersham, 150 of the insurgents were captured, and the rest were dispersed and fled into New Hampshire. The rout of Shays' men at Petersham was complete, February 4, 1787. The vanquished rebels were treated with marked clemency. Governor Bowdoin's energy lost him his re-election. A free pardon was finally offered by Governor Hancock to all who had taken part in the insurrection, provided they should take the oath of allegiance. Fourteen of the leaders had been tried and sentenced to death, but were not executed, for the authorities saw that the great mass of the people were in sympathy with them. (See Minot, "Insurrections in Massachusetts.") McMaster (Hist, of People of U. S.) quotes this specimen of poetry and wit on the retreat of Shays. "Says sober Will, well, Shays has fled. And peace returns to bless our days. Indeed! cried Ned, I always said, He'd prove at last 2i fall-hack chaise; And those turned over and undone Call him a worthless Shays to run.'' When in 1787 the State pardoned political offenders, one hundred and seven from Groton, sixty-two from Shirley, sixty- seven from Townsend, thirty-nine from Pepperell, three from Ashby, ten from Westford, one from Chelmsford, and one from Framingham took the oath of allegiance. There were no others in Middlesex County. A meeting was held in Chelmsford, and an account of the proceedings was sent with a letter to the selectmen of Cambridge to influence them to join with others in securing the pardon of Shattuck. This is the reply. Cambridge July 13. 1787 Gent. Your letter of the 6. inst. directed to the Selectmen of this Town containing the proceedings of a number of Gentlemen met at Chelmsford, & also the form of a petition in behalf of Capt. Shattuck We have received, & having considered them with that Attention they deserve when coming from such respectable Characters, We take the first Opportunity to return an Answer. In Order to justify an Oppinion that does not seem to coincide with yours, it may be necessary to make some Observations, which We hope will be received with that Candor that We are led to expect from persons of your known moderation. Mr. Shattuck was unknown to us till since the conclusion of the late War, We are therefore unable to bear testimony to his former life, either with respect to his Character as an Officer, or his charitable disposition as a private person. Since that time We have chiefly known him by the publick Inquiries that have been made by the Supreme Judicial Court at different times; but in every case it appears he has been connected with the 358 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Tumults & opposition to Government. These Circumstances surely cannot Operate as an inducement for us to think very favorably of him. After the minds of many people had been misled with respect to the Goveminent, a circular letter was framed in the upper part of this County in the Course of last Summer & sent to the different Towns, & to this among others, requesting their Assistance at a County Convention. Alarmed at such a proceeding the Inhabi- tants at a Town meeting desired the Selectmen to protest against such an unconstitutional Assembly. You will undoubtedly recollect that their letter was published containing at large the reasons of their dissent. How far those reasons were satisfactory, will appear by the readiness with which they were adopted by many Towns throughout the Commonwealth. It makes us unhappy to find that the ill consequences which were then easily foreseen, soon came to pass. If then our sentiments were against joining with an Assembly, which We consider as unconstitutional when apparently justified by the form of an Election it can hardly be expected We should concur in a similar measure where even that form has not been observed. We were then & still are of Opinion, that the Consti- tution & the laws provide for every case. It has invested the Governor & Council with a power to pardon those Criminals that may be convicted in any case where they suppose the publick Good will be promoted, & We conceive that power could not be more properly lodged in any other hands. It must be presumed, they are the best acquainted with all the Circumstances both for & against the Convict; infinitely more so, than persons at a distance & without the means of information; & We think there has been no reason to distrust the Judgment or the Uprightness of those who are invested with that power. And further. We presume that if you had seen the resolve of the General Court passed on the 29 of June last, you would not have desired us to have interfered in matters of Government in the present Instance. In that Resolve, after specifying the particular exceptions from the Act of Indemnity, they declare that any further Act of Grace will not be consistant with the dignity of Government, & with the safety & protection which ought to be afforded to the peaceable & loyal Citizens, it becomes therefore peculiarly improper for individual Citizens to give their Advice in contradiction to the declared sense of two great branches of the Government, the Legislative & Judicial. These Reasons without others that might be added, We presume are sufficient to convince you of the impropriety of our joining in the proposal contained in your Letter. We have only to add that it is our sincere Wish that the happy time may come & that the period may be not far distant, when that Confidence in those who by the Constitution are invested with the Government, may be restored; without which SHA YS' REBELLION— WARS OF 1812, 1848, 1898 359 We never can expect that the Confidence between Individuals which is so necessary to promote their Happiness, will be revived; that such an Event may soon take place is the earnest desire of Gent. Your Humble Servant. AARON HILL. Chairman of the Selectmen of said Town. [Original in the possession of C. O. Robbins.] The following petition is among the Robbins papers. It indicates the fact that the sympathies of a considerable number of people in this, as in other communities, were with the insurgents. Comonwelth of Massachusetts To His Excelency the Govener, and the Honorable the Councel now Setting in Boston; The petition of the Subscribers inhabitence of the town of Chelmsford in the County of Middlesix, Himibly Sheweth, that whareas Job Shattuck of Said County is now under the Sentance of Death For treasanable conduct against this Commonwelth Which conduct we Vew with abhorrance & Disaprobation. But we believe that he was in a grate measure insensable of the fatal tendancy of his conduct, and that through ignorance of the Laws and Constatution of the Commonwelth and by hearing the Complants of the people; together with the Insinuations of rash an inconsiderate men, he was led to Conduct in such a manner as he Did ; Which circomstances we think in Som measure extenuates his Crimenallety. Considering the above circomstances together with the character which according To information from undoubted athority the Said Shattock has Hear tofore Sustaned Especially as being a good officer in the Servis of this Commonwelth in the late war with Britain, and also in being Very charetable to the poor. Therefore, yoiu" petitioners himibly conceive that it would be Consistante with the Good and Safety of the Commonwelth that his life might be spaired and that it would have a tendancy To restore peace and harmony to the people of this Commonwelth, and prevent the dissafection of many people in the Neighbouring States; There- fore your petitioners htmibly and most earnestly pray that his Excelency and your Honours would take the matter into your wise Consideration and if it Can be Consistant with the Good and Safety ^r one Commonwelth, that the above named crimenal may be pardoned ; and your petitioners as in Duty bound will ever pray John Mansfield Jonathan Snow Levi Snow David Dun Sen. Samuel Spaulding Joel Barrett Ebenezer Shed William Parker Elijah Procter Joseph Parker Eliakim Read Jonathan Manning 360 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Phinehas Chamberlin Nathan Ames, Junr. James Heywood Joseph Heywood Joseph Foster John Adams Robert Adams Josiah Parkhurst Saml. Chamberlin Moses Hale John Byam John Byam Jun William Laws Abel Chamberlin Samuel Sims Asa Hodgman Zebiilon Spalding Henry Spaulding Samuel Adams John Spaulding Benja. Adams David Walker Isaac Warren Asa Procter Thomas Adams Jeremiah Wyer thomas Weber Isaac Chamberlin Andrew Spaulding Jacob Howard Isaac Clark John Hildreth Benja. Parker Joseph Parker Jedutham Parker Zebulan Parker Philip Parker Samuel Hadlock Moses Estherbrooks Josiah Coben George Furbush Reuben Davis Josyah Simonds Jeremiah Abbott Isaiah Foster Jeremiah Warren Isaiah Blood Jonathan Richardson Thomas Marshall Jacob Marshall Ebenezer Frost David Marshall Samuel Marshall Abel Mansfield Timothy Manning Stephen Peirce Seth Levingston Joseph Peirce Stephen Peirce, third Robert Peirce, ir. Stephen Peirce Zacheus Fletcher Silas Peirce Isaac Marshall Andrew Fletcher Joseph Moors Thos Hoadley Levi Dakin Michel Carter Andrew Fletcher Willard Howard Jacob Howard Juner William Bowers Peter Procter Samuel Parkhurst John Adams Jur. Timothy Adams Henry Spaiilding Jun John Reed David Morrison John Batteys Isaac Patten Wilard Mansfield William Mansfield Benjamin pelscy Jonathan Adams Abishai Crosman Eldr of the Babtist (sic) Chh. in Chelmsford. Chehnsford, July 16, 1787 We the Subscribers approve of Fourgoing petition the Greater part of the Signers being Freeholders and legal Voters m town. SHA YS' REBELLION— WARS OF 1812, 1848, 1898 361 A PAY ROLL OF CAPT JOSEPH EMERSON COMPANY IN LT. COL. EBENEZER BANCROFT'S REGT. CALLED UPON TO RENDEZVOUS AT LANCASTER ON THE 29 OF JANUARY, 1787, IN ORDER TO SUPPORT CONSTITUTIONAL GOVERNMENT. Estab. Time Total per month in service wages Joseph Emerson Capt. £8: 0:0 5 d 1:16:8 Josiah Fletcher Ens. 4:10:0 5 d 1: 1:8 William Fletcher Clerk 2:14:0 5 d 0:12:4 Andrew Spanlding Sargt. 2: 8:0 5 d 0:11:4 Oliver Baron Private 2: 0:0 4 d 0: 8:0 Aaron Chamberlain do do do 0: 8:0 Samuel Howard do do do Timothy Harrington do do do Francis Bowers do do do John Freland do do do Oliver Baron Jr do do do Philip Spaulding do do do Henry Spaulding do do do Simeon Spaulding do do do Ephraim Spaulding do do do Mattethias Spaulding do do do Benjamin Walker do do do Joseph Fletcher do do do Samuel Loufkin do do do Sampson Stevens do do do Nehemiah Ab Parker do do do Simion Blodget Jr do do do Samuel Lancey do do do Parley I. Dunklee do do do Sum Total £12:2:0 Chelmsford, April 16, 1787. Joseph Emerson, Capt. [Massachusetts Archives Vol. 191, p. 208.] Time of service includes one day for travel home. Total wages includes rations. Priva tes entered service January 27. A list of names of twenty-seven Chelmsford men who went under General Lincoln in 1787. Each man received, by vote of the Town, $1, or 6 shillings, bounty. Jacob Spaulding, Zebulon Spaulding, Jeremiah Warren, John Butterfield, Aaron Spaulding, Dennis MacLaine, Jesse Stevens, Samuel Stevens, Thomas Chamberlain, Oliver Adams, John Farmer, Stephen Willson, Levi Spalding, James Parker, William Mears, Nathaniel Chamberlain, Joseph Emerson, Jr., Timothy Haward, Benjamin Butterfield, Jr., Abel Marshall, Willard Marshall, John Macknannel, Henry Spaulding, Benjamin Adams, Silas Parker, Reuben Goold, Leonard Parker. 362 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD These names are found scattered over numerous pages of the Town records. Allen gives "A list of those who were detached from the militia and formed a part of the Army of General Lincoln, in the memorable expedition through the counties of Worcester and Berkshire, to suppress the insurrection in 1786, commonly known by the name of the Shays insurrection. The company, formed from this and the neighboring towns, was commanded by Capt. (now Col.) James Varnum, of Dracut. 1 Lt. Daniel Procter 2 Lt. Abel Adams Benj. Butterfield, Jr. Oliver Perham Silas Parker Oliver Cory Jeremiah Warren Zebulon Spalding, Jr. Oliver Adams Benj a. Adams Ruben Goold, Jr. John McClenny Aaron Spalding John Butterfield Joseph Emerson, Jr. Timothy Howard Jesse Stevens Henry Spalding, Jr. Thomas Chamberlin Samuel Stevens James Parkhurst John Farmer Willard Marshall Abel Marshall Amost Prescott Levi Spaulding." The following items were obtained at the office of the Adjutant General, giving Chelmsford officers at this period. 1781 Col. July 1 Benjamin Fletcher Captain 7th Reg Jonathan Bancroft Daniel Proctor 1st Lieut do do Samuel Stephens Capt. do do Joseph Emerson 1st Lieut do do Jonas Pierce Capt do do 1786 Dec 27 Joseph Emerson Capt do Jonas Pierce Lieut do Josiah Fletcher 3d Ensign do 1787 Sept 20 Azariah Proctor Ebenezer Shed Lieut Co 4 do Ensign do do Joseph Bryant do do J. B. Varnum do Committees were chosen from various towns and met at Concord to devise measures for suppressing the Insurgents. 1788, March 1. The Town paid Aaron Chamberlain, Samuel Howard, Samuel Stevens and Oliver Barron nine shillings each expenses as committeemen at Concord in September, 1786 "on public matters relating to the Insurgents rising against the Govern- ment to stop the Courts sitting." SHAYS' REBELLION— WARS OF 1812, 1848, 1898 363 FROM THE DIARY OF PARSON BRIDGE. 1787, Jan. 17. Confusion by reason of Soldiers collecting here, going out against ye Insurgents. 29. Dr. Harrington * * * marched yesterday with ye soldiers to Lancaster, & so to Worcester, with a view to suppress ye Rebels under a Vile fellow named Shays in Hampshire County. On the memorable thirtieth of January, Lincoln's men per- formed a march of thirty miles, without refreshment through deep snows, in a stormy and severely cold night; a march that would have done honor to the veteran soldiers of Hannibal or Napoleon. [Allen.] As in the Revolution, Chelmsford was the rendezvous for troops marching westward, so it was at this time. Nason, in his History of Dunstable, gives the route taken by the Dunstable men. "On the 17th of January, 1787, we marched to Chelmsford ; on the 18th, to Lincoln; 19th, to Weston; 20th, to Sudbury; 21st, to Marlborough; 22d, to Worcester; 25th, to Western; 26th, to Palmer; 27th, to Springfield, West 25 miles; 29th, to Hatfield, 25 miles; Feb. 4th. to Petersham, 33 miles; 7th, to Amherst, 25 miles; 8th, to Northampton, 8 miles; 9th, to Chesterfield, 14 miles; 10th, to Partridgefield, 18 miles; nth, to Pittsfield, 8 miles; 13th, to Tyringham, 20 miles; 14th, to Sandisfield, 16 miles; 22d, to Grantville; 23d, to Springfield; 24th, to Spencer; 25th, to Harvard; 26th, to Dunstable, the end of the march." ARREST OF CAPTAIN FORD. As in the height of the witchcraft excitement a century earlier, so, in 1787, in what might be called another popular delusion, there were many spite accusations, and the authorities, in their eagerness to put down the insurrection, were, perhaps, too ready to issue warrants for the arrest of men who might be accused or suspected. For some reason, on March 12, 1787, a warrant went forth to the Sheriff of Middlesex County, or either of his deputies, for the apprehension of Captain John Ford, which reads in part as follows: "The Governor and Council, upon information received, deeming the safety of the Commonwealth inconsistent with the personal liberty of John Ford of Cheknsford in the County of Middlesex, and that the enlargement of the said John Ford is dangerous to the said Commonwealth, its peace and safety. You are therefore hereby authorized and required forthwith to apprehend the said John Ford and him to commit to any Gaol or other safe place," &c. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 189, Part I, p. 220.] 364 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Captain Ford was confined with the following named men: List of Insurgents in Boston Jail, 1787. Col. Luke Drury, Rev. Caleb Curtis, Mr. Daniel Beard, Mr. Aaron Broad, Capt. Jonah Goulding, Lieut. Henry Gale, Capt. Artemas Dry den, Capt. Job Shattuck Capt. Oliver Parker, Mr. Benjamin Page George Marsden Capt. John Ford Capt. Moses Harvey Justice Wright Worcester Co. Grafton. (( (< Charlestown. (( (1 Worcester. (( 4 c* , ^ t\~ THE CIVIL WAR, 1861-5 369 starch. Mittens were knit with the forefinger free, to pull the trigger. Picking lint, to send for the surgeons to use, was the children's occupation. In 1862 the officers were: treasurer, Mrs. H. W. Morse; secretary, Miss M. E. Perham. The weekly meetings were held at the homes of the following ladies: Mrs. Dr. Bartlett, Mrs. Charles Proctor, Mrs. G. D. Furber, the Misses Winn, Mrs. E. F. Webster, Mrs. H. W. Morse, Mrs. E. A. Upham, Mrs. Jabez Stevens, Mrs. Clement Upham, Mrs. Dr. Howard, Mrs. Eliza Fiske, Mrs. Joel Adams, Mrs. Solomon Parkhurst, Mrs. Joseph Reed, Mrs. David Perham, Mrs. Owen Emerson, Mrs. N. P. Dadmun, Mrs. Francis Parker, Mrs. Loammi Chamberlain, Mrs. Joseph Fletcher, Mrs. Charles E. Reed and Mrs. WilHam Fletcher. They met at Central Hall to quilt and during the sinnmer of 1864 met there regularly. Mr. S. S. Parkhurst received the thanks of the Society for the use of the hall. In 1863 the officers were: president, Mrs. Joseph Reed; vice-president, Mrs. David Perham; secretary, Miss M. E. Perham; treasurer. Miss M. E. Richardson. The next year the officers were: president, Mrs. David Perham; vice-president, Mrs. Loammi Chamberlain; secretary, Miss M. E. Perham; treasurer. Miss Nellie Richardson; directors, Mrs. J. C. Bartlett, Mrs. N. P. Dadmun and Mrs. Charles Proctor. THE CHELMSFORD VETERANS* ASSOCIATION. This organization was formed April 21, 1891. President, Henry S. Perham; vice-president, John C. Hobbs; secretary, George A. Parkhurst; treasvu-er, James P. Emerson; executive committee, Daniel P. Byam, J. R. Fletcher and Royal S. Ripley. The following is from the Record Book. Members of Chelmsford Veterans' Association, 1915: Charles L. Adams, South Chelmsford Joseph E. Adams, Chelmsford George Alexander, Chelmsford J. A. Bartlett, Chelmsford Daniel P. Byam, South Chelmsford J. P. Emerson, Chelmsford Francis Hutchinson, Chelmsford William H. Hills, Chehnsford W. W. Kilboume, Chelmsford C. T. Melvin. Chehnsford George H. Smith, North Chehnsford George G. Stetson, North Chelmsford A. G. Charles, Chelmsford J. J. Middleton, Chehnsford A. J. Boise, Chelmsford H. H. Emerson, South Chelmsford Burt Emerson, Chehnsford Thomas Smith, Chehnsford 370 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Members of Chelmsford Veterans' Association — Continued. J. H. Stewart, Chelmsford E. A. Bartlett, East Chelmsford Luther C. Titcomb, South Chelmsford DECEASED COMRADES. Name Age Date of Death Alfred Day- 68 June 21, 1894 Charles S. Reed 63 April 16 1898 Melvin E. Dam 54 May 30 1898 Albian J. Lamphere 58 Nov. 15 1898 John H. Nichols 70 Dec. 9 1898 James W. Patchen 74 May 11 1899 Nathan B. Lapham 60 July 24 1899 Charles E. A. Bartlett 63 April 4 1900 Robert Fletcher 73 Sept. 21 1902 Homer E. Thayer 64 Oct. 13 1902 Samuel J. Garland 68 Feb. 5 1903 A. Howard Richardson 69 March 16 1903 Henry R. Hodson 56 Oct. 17 1903 George A. Parkhurst 70 Feb. 3 1904 Arthur B. Chapin 72 April 15 1904 Riley Davis 62 July 17 1904 Wm. A. Kneeland 65 Sept. 23 1904 Henry Herbert Emerson 63 Oct. 22 1904 Morrill C. Gove 81 April 21 1905 Loren Loker 94 April 28 1905 George F. Locke 64 April 28 1905 Henry S. Perham 62 Feb. 25 1906 Benjamin M. Fletcher 79 Nov. 10 1906 Henry Adams Cobum 65 Dec. 7 1906 John F. Buckley 63 Dec. 15 1907 Charles D. Clark 75 Dec. 19 1907 Jonathan Wright — March 17 1909 William R. Fowle — Oct. 22 1909 Jessee H. Parker — Nov. 2 , 1909 Lorenzo Sweetser — March 2 , 1910 William A. Ingham — March 16 , 1910 S. L. Dutton, M. D. — May 27 1910 James Thomas 70 Jan. 28 , 1911 H. L. Knowlton 69 March 21 , 1912 John C. Hobbs 75 March 30 1912 Owen Burnes — July 4 1912 J. R. Fletcher — Nov. 28 1912 Charles M. Connell A. G. Parkhurst — Feb. 7 , 1913 C. H. Greenleaf 75 March 15 , 1913 R. S. Ripley 72 March 28 , 1913 Joseph Marshall 74 Nov. 30 , 1913 Wallace W. Joslyn 74 Oct. 2 , 1913 A. P. Goddard — 1915 THE CIVIL WAR, 1861-5 371 LIST OF CIVIL WAR VETERANS BURIED IN FOREFATHERS' CEMETERY, CHELMSFORD CENTRE. David Carleton William Carlton Jos. B. Emerson Benj. M. Hildreth Henry B. Lovering Calvin Allen Fitz Henry Spalding Charity L. Dunn Charles Rolf C. E. A. Bartlett Charles F. Fletcher George B. Lamphere Levi Lamphere Elijah N. Day George E. Reed Paul Kitridge Nelson C. Cook John Esty Samuel C. Hunt Alfred Day Warren A. Blackmer Adams Emerson John H. Nichols James W. Patchen Howard Richardson George A. Parkhiirst A. J. Loker Loren Loker C. S. Manchester W. A. Kneeland Edward A. Parkhurst Charles S. Reed Herbert H. Emerson Henry S. Perham David A. Copeland Charles D. Clark Jonathan Wright Samuel L. Dutton William R. Fowle Josiah R. Fletcher Albion J, Lamphere John C. Hobbs Co. F, 23d Mass. Regt. Co. B, 39th " Co. B, 6th Co. G, 33d " Co. G, 33d Co. K, 6th Capt.. Co. K, 6th Co. K, 6th Co. D, 30th " Co. E, 26th " Co. K, 6th also Co. D, 4th Cavalry Co. C, 30th Mass. Regt. Co. H, 10th Vt. Co. H, 10th " Co. C, 6th Mass. " Co. A, 26th " 30th " Co. B, 2d N. H. Co. I, 105th Ohio " Co. B, 6th Mass. Co. K and B, 6th Mass. Regt. Co. C, 34th Mass. Regt. Co. E, 57th " Co. B, 47th " Co. D, 9th Vt. Co. K, 6th Mass. Co. K, 6th " Co. K and B, 6th Mass. Regt. Co. A, 1st Mass. Regt. Co. D, 2d Wisconsin Regt. Co. K, 6th Mass. Regt. Asst. Surg. , 1st Mass. Heavy Artl'y nth Mass. Battery Co. K, 6th Mass. Regt. Co. E, 26th " Co. A, 6th " Inf. James Thomas PINE RIDGE CEMETERY. 1st Heavy Artillery 372 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD LIST OF VETERANS BURIED IN RIVERSIDE CEMETERY, NORTH CHELMSFORD William H. Davidson 30th Mass. Infy E. H. Ripley Navy J. V. Pierce 33d •' -'^ ' V . ^ ,.4JpiW A GLIMPSE OF HEART POND A'o. i'^ BAPTIST CHURCH, SOUTH CHELMSFORD THE LIFE OF LONG AGO 417 for himself, his Executors and administrators ; doth covenant and Grant to, and with the Said Selectmen and overseers of the poor, and Every of them, their and Every of their Executors and Administrators and their, and Every of their Successors in the Said office ; for the time being by these presents ; that he and the Said Mristress Shall use the Utmost of their Endeavours to teach and Instruct; or cause her sd. apprentice to be Instructed in Reading &c.; and to teach and Instruct her in the Art, and Business of Spinning, and all other Common houshold work of womens Imployments; and also to provide for the Said Ap- prentice, Sutable and Sufficient meat. Drink, Apparrel, washing, and Lodging, in Sickness and health Doctering, Nursing &c, in case of Sickness, fitting and Sutable for an Apprentice Dureing the Said term; And at the End of the Said term of time to give and deliver to her the Said Apprentice two Good Suits of Apparrel ; the one Sueite New, fitt for Sundays; the other Suite Good, fitt for working days; In Witness whereof the Parties first above Named to these present Indentures, their hands and Seals have Interchangably Set the Day and year first above written Signed, Sealed, and delivered his in presence of us Andrew A Battles (seal) Samuel Howard Mark Silas Richardson Middlesex S. S. Chelmsford January 16th. 1767 We Oliver Fletcher & William Stickney Esqrs. two of his Majesties Justices of the Peace for the County of Middlesex within mentioned do hereby — Declare our Assent to the putting forth, and Binding out the within Named — Abigal Dutton Apprentice to the Said Andrew Battles according to the Intent and Meaning of the Indenture within written Oliver Fletcher 1 Just. Pacs. Wm. Stickney J HOMES, SCHOOLS. There were few painted houses, even one hundred years ago. Red ochre was cheap and some used it. An article in Rees's Cyclopaedia claims that in most cases the use of paint accelerates the destruction of every species of wood to which it is applied. Families were large, and lived entirely upon farm products. Everything used on the farm and in the home was made there as a rule, and brewing, baking, spinning and weaving were household industries, also the making of tallow dips, the curing of meats and preparing other articles of food. Where there Vv'erc smooth board floors they were sanded, and sometimes fancy figures were marked out upon them. It was not uncommon on large farms to have a tanning vat, a forge, a carpenter's bench, and other useful adjuncts. Cider mills were nimierous. In Chelmsford a dozen might be 418 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD counted within a mile. Cider and rum loosened tongues, which were sometimes not as civil as they are now. The minister had occasionally to take cutting jokes and allusions. The first settlers in Massachusetts were well educated; the next generation had little opportunity for learning; and although schools were made compulsory in towns, the common people received a scanty education, compared with that of today. Some of the farmers could read and write with difficulty. There were some who made their mark instead of signing their names. When they were boys they had sat in school and whittled the desk or planned practical jokes. Part of the year at least the farmers had more leisure in the early days, and it was not unusual for eight or ten of them to gather in some neighbor's kitchen and talk most of the morning. The early schoolhouses were so built as to need no modern system of ventilation. There were no clapboards on their sides; one could almost thrust one's hand through the wall. The stove in one of them, a century ago, is described as built of brick, with a sheet iron top, and in it cord wood was stood on end to burn. The ink often froze. Quill pens were used, and there were frequent requests: "Teacher, mend my pen! Teacher, mend my pen!" Children were not trained in personal neatness, as they are now, and conditions were unsanitary; they went barefoot six or seven months in the year. When the children went to meeting, they walked barefoot, carrying their shoes (and stockings if they had any) in their hands until quite near the meeting house, when they would stop by the wayside and put them on. This saved shoe leather. Great economy was necessary in everything. It was not uncommon in the cold winters for a child to come into school with a frozen ear or nose, which an application of snow would generally relieve. Eighty or a hundred years ago there was often five feet of snow on the ground; people would have sometimes to tunnel through a drift to get out of the door in the morning. Sometimes there would be a crust on the snow that would almost hold up a horse. Teams would go across lots, or brush would be stuck along the sides of the roads for guides. Ox teams would come at night to take the children home from school. The hungry youngsters might find their mother drawing the luscious bean pot from the brick oven, with the brown bread of rye and Indian. When not in school, children had to be useful. One boy remembers how he used to get up at 2 o'clock in the morning to drive a load of wood from District No. 5 to Lowell over Pine Hill (there was no Littleton road then) in time to meet the mill operatives who came out for breakfast, to sell his wood, and get home again by half-past nine, then go to Westford and load up in the afternoon for the next day. Nobody burned coal in those days. There was plenty of wood. Pine and chestnut trees, as big around as hogsheads, were split up for cordwood. In the middle thirties (1835) New England farming was beginning to be at its best. Most farmers had money laid bj', and THE LIFE OF LONG AGO 419- if one wanted to borrow, he went, not to the Bank, but to his neighbor. The Town occasionally borrowed of private indi- viduals. Sending knees and other timbers for building small vessels at Salem and Boston was quite an industry. North Billerica was one shipping point for things that went by the Canal. WINE AND BEER. These items will show the attitude in regard to wine and beer. In 1644, "The Court, apprehending yt it is not fit to deprive ye Indians of any lawfull comfort wch God aloweth to all men by ye use of wine, do ordr, yt it shalbe lawfull for all such as are or shalbe alowed licence to retaile wines to sell also to ye Indians so much as may be fit for their needful! use or refreshing." Four years later, all but one man in Boston were prohibited from selling wine to the Indians. In 1654, two persons in each of six counties were named as authorized to sell to Indians, one in Concord & one in Reading for Middlesex. Benjamin Tompson, in his poem on King Philip's War, entitled "New England's Crisis," 1676, has these lines among others in Indian dialect, in which Philip compares the punishment meted to Indians and English. "We drink, we so big whipt; but English they Go sneep [sleep], no move, or else a little pay." For getting drunk, the Indian received a severe whipping. The white man slept it off, or paid a light fine. 1649. Every victualler or ordinary taverner was ordered by the General Court to be provided with good and wholesome beer, for the entertainment of strangers, to save the expense of buying wine; and if a taverner were found without such beer, he should forfeit forty shillings for the first offence, and for the second, he should forfeit his license. No laborer should be inforced to take wine in pay for his labor "whereby — ye good creature of God [is] notoriously abused." No laborer should be allowed to sell wine or make pa3nnent of any debt therewith. Wherever the minister went, he felt obliged to drink the glass offered him, and Parson Bridge found it best not to make too many calls in an afternoon. 1647. The General Court sent 18 gallons of wine "as a small testimony of ye Court's respect, to yt reverend assembly of elders at Cambridge" FOOD. As for food, there v/as plenty of fish, sometimes bear-meat, venison, or other wild game or fowl. The common domestic animals were bred from stock sent from England in the earliest 420 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD days of the colonies. Among the poorer families, turnips often took the place of potatoes, and for coffee they had a drink made of barley, rye or brown bread crusts. Coffee came into use among those who could afford it, not long before the year 1800. It was first used in England about 1690, as stated by Evelyn. Tea was little used. Home brewed beer was a common drink, and when orchards were grown, cider was used in great quantities. Wine and spirituous liquors were imported and used freely on all occasions. Two barrels of cider were provided for the use of the council at the ordination of Mr. Packard in 1793. Zachary Reed was, perhaps, the greatest apple grower in Chelmsford, having about one hundred and fifty acres for an orchard. Fruits were first grown here from seed and plants brought from the old country. Bread was generally made by mixing two parts of Indian meal with one part of rye flour. "Rye and Indian" was the staple for two hundred years. Morning and evening, the people partook of hasty pudding — boiled Indian meal — with milk or molasses, or porridge made of beans or peas, and salt pork or beef. The will of Willard Parker, in 1804, provides that his wife shall have, among other things, "six barrels of Cyder yearly and every year, and six bushels of good rye, twelve bushels of good Indian corn yearly and every year." Note the proportions of rye and Indian corn. FISH. The earliest writers who mention the Merrimack, speak of the abundant supply of fish which it afforded. Among their voltmies may be mentioned, "A Description of the Plantations of New England as they were Anno Christi 1633," and "A True and Faithful Account of the Four Chiefest Plantations of the English in America. London, 1670." "There are many sturgeons, but the most are caught at Cape Cod, and in the River of Meramack, whence they are brought to England. They are twelve, fourteen, and some eighteen feet long." Among other New England fish are mentioned — "The scale-fenc'd sturgeon, wry mouth'd Hollibut; The flouncing Salmon, codfish, Greedigut; The stately Bass, old Neptune's fleeting Post, That tides it out and in from sea to coast; Consorting Herrings, and the bony Shad. Big-bellied Alewives, macrils richly clad" — &c "Merrimack lies eight miles beyond Agowomen [Ipswich] (which is 9 miles North from Salem) where is a River Navigable for twenty miles, and all along the side of it fresh marshes, in some places three miles broad. In the River is Sturgion, Salmon, Bass, and divers other Kind of fish." THE LIFE OF LONG AGO 421 In 1681, mention is made of a fishing ware (weir) at the upper end of Newfield on the Merrimack. Prior to 1668, John Webb had one on the river, possibly at that place. In 1661, the Town granted him "20 acres without any town privilege saveing the Keeping a beast or two." He had other grants. A highway was laid out "to begin at Meremake river where Mr John Weebe made his ware." The inhabitants valued their riparian rights highly, and guarded them well. The "fishing island," in the Merrimack, at the bend of the river, was much used. See Map No. 5. In Vol. 117, p. 210, of the Archives, and in Acts and Resolves, Vol. XV, p. 625, are the records of proceedings relating to the grant of the use of a fishing island in the Merrimack to Wm. Blodget, Robt. Reding, Jona. Parkhurst, Simeon Blodget, Stephen Spaulding, John Richardson, Foster, John Butterfield and Peter Spaulding, during the pleasure of the Court. The grant was made, January 11, 1757. Sixty-one Chelmsford men certify their approval. The island was in size, about half an acre. 7:12:1681 by a voate it is granted to the proprieters of the New feild to erectt a fishing worke on Merimake River at the vper end of the Newfeild and that they shall have liberty of a highway bettwine the Newfeld and Samell frenches land downe to the fore said fishing place in the river allwais conditiones that Any inhabitant of Chelmsford shall att Any time up on his paying his proportion of exspenses about the erecting the worke have his share Acordingly in the fishing trad. In 1730, three men were appointed to "lett oute the fishing places and to take care of them," and again, "To take care of the fish and see that they have free passage according to law." With hook and line, it was easy to take a good string of fish in half an hour. A school of shad and alewives came up to the fordway on Acton street, near Heart pond, one season, perhaps seventy-five years ago, and could not get across, but filled the brook solid. A man came along on his way home, with an empty ox cart, which he filled by scooping up the fish with his hands. This was told the writer by an old man of undoubted veracity. Perch and pickerel were plenty in Heart pond. The fish caught in the rivers formed a staple supply of food, many more being taken than could be eaten. The farmers were accustomed to use them as a fertilizer, one or two fish being placed in each hill of corn. The inhabitants of the Town had the right to take what fish they could. Within the memory of some living, citizens would back up their carts on the river bank, and take home a load. Two men in boats, with a seine between them, would take a cartload at one haul. "At certain seasons of the year," says Miles, "the mouth of the Concord appeared to be almost literally full of fish. There are those now living [1845], who have seen one thousand shad taken at one haul, from a basin of water since filled up, and now 422 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD the site of the large Mill of the Middlesex Company. Down as late as 1820, there were caught, mostly at this spot, and at the foot of Pawtucket falls, twenty-five hundred barrels of salmon, shad and alewives, besides many other fish of less value." [See Allen, page 41.] The mill operatives in the early days protested to the boarding- house keepers that they could not endure to eat salmon more than three days in the Vv^eek. Oilman says: "Before the progress of the waters of the Merrimack to the sea had been checked and restrained by dams they bore in their bosom a bountiful source of supply for the sustenance of not only the Indians, but also the first English settlers. Within the memory of the oldest inhabitant now living, (1880), the Merrimack teemed with salmon, shad, alewives and eels. Occasionally a sturgeon was seen leaping, in sportive activity, high in the air." This is what one of the oldest inhabit- ants now living (Captain Silas Tyler) says: "The best haul of fish I ever knew was eleven hundred shad and eight or ten thousand alewives. This was in the Concord river, just below the Middlesex mills. Formerly, there was what was called an island on the Belvidere side of the bridge, near the mouth of the Concord. Occasionally, the water from Concord river found a course down by the Owen house and the old yellow Tavern house. There were four fishing places, two above and two below Concord river bridge. Joe Tyler, my uncle, owned those above, and Josiah Fletcher, those below the bridge. * * * 'pj-^g ^^^ allowed us to fish two days each week in the Concord, and three in the Merrimack. * * * People would come 15 or 20 miles on fishing days to procure these fish. Shad were worth five dollars per hundred, salmon ten cents per pound." CATTLE. Swine were allowed to go at large until 1793, when they were to be shut up during September and October. Hog-reeves were chosen "to oversee swine and keep them in order." In 1824, twenty hog-reeves were chosen. 1670, March 20, all swine within the boundes of this town from 12 wekes ould and upward shall be sofitiently ringed from ye 10 day of April to ye 10 day of October on penalty of 12d a swine and in case any swine shall do any dam.age in any inclosier then the owneres therof shall pay for ye first trespase dobell damages &c 1674. On account of trespass Ensign Will Fletcher em- pounded eight swine of Abraham Parker four timics the same year. We read a chuckle between the lines of the record. Poor Abraham would be the butt of the Town for a twelvemonth. THE LIFE OF LONG AGO 423 In 1677 "the Selectmen ordered that all fences within the limits of this Town shall be made up and repaired according to law to be sufficient against great Cattell," or, as the phrase is, "horse high, bull strong and pig tight." Three swine taken "damage fesant." Aprised by us whose names are underwritten three swme taken up by Magor Thomas hinchman the charges aloved for kapinge said swine beinge deducted in oure aprihenshong fule valeu amounts to = 01 = 02 = 06 in monie. 14 November '92. Samevel foster Steven Pears In 1737, rams were ordered to be kept enclosed from August 20 to November 1. From 1730 to 1795 Deer-reeves were chosen, to prevent the destruction of deer. In 1693, the Town chose "men to loke after horses to se thay be acted with acordinge to lawe." For some time the practice varied from year to year, as to allowing animals to go at large. In 1824, swine were restrained, but horses and cattle were allowed to go at large. Fence viewers looked after the fences. Field drivers were elected by the Town to perform the duties of a hayward— to prevent wandering cattle from doing damage or becoming a prey to wolves, and to impound strays. Their fees were commonly called pound-shot. This office has sometimes been bestowed good-naturedly upon the newest benedicts. SHEEP. At an early day the General Court expressed themselves thus: "For as much as wollen cloth is so useful a comodity without which wee can not so comfortably subsist in these pts by reason of could winters * * * & whereas through ye want of woollen cloaths & stuffs, many pore people have suffered much could and hardship to ye impairing of some of yr healths * and such who have been able to prvide for yir children cloathmg of cotton cloth (not being able to get other) have, by yt meanes, had some of their children much scorched with fire, yea, divers burnt to death * * * this court * * * ^ doth hereby desire all ye townes in generall & evry one m prtickler * * * to preserve & increase "such sheope as they^have already as also to prcure more with all convenient speede" In 1675, the Gen. Court prohibited any person from exporting "any sheeps wooU out of this jurisdiction by sea to any foreigne parts"; likewise "Racoone ffurs" because "this Court is informed of the usefullness of racoone furrs for making a good sort of hatts for the supply of the country." 424 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD SHEIPE ORDER. Sheipe 25 the 12 moth 1681 to prevent damages by sheipe in order inclosiers ordered that no sheepe shall goe upon the common of this towne with out a Kepper up on penality of paying twelve pence a sheepe every time thay ar taken with in any in closier the fence beeing sofitient Acording to towne [order]. In 1662, sheep were rated at 10s. per head. In 1673, five pounds per score. 1688 At a legall towne metinge of the in habitans of Chellms- ford the tov/ne did jointe agree to grante a parsile of land for to kepe a dri heard of chattels and shep which land lyse a joining upon Mr Johnathan Tyngs farm it was then agreed that it should extend in breadth from the abovsaid tings land to the brocke comonly caled Deep broke & so the same breadth that it is at the above sad plase to extend throu out tile it comse to the south and north line betwene groton and vs. 1697 Capt. Bowers, Ephraim Hildreth and Samuel Foster are chosen a committee "to draw up artickels in order to the keping of a flock of shep in a publick way upon Robins Hill." Sheep were of great value to the early settlers. They were kept, as the phrase is, for the good of back, belly and purse. 1683. This Court, considering that catle are rated to the country at a greater value then they will yeild from man to man, doeth therefore order, that henceforth all neat catle shall be rated to the country, viz : oxen at four yeare old & above at three pounds a peece, all cowes & steeres at three yeares old & aboue at forty shillings a peece & all of two yeare old at thirty shillings a peec, and yeare olds at fiueteen shillings a peece, & swyne at a yeare old at tenn shillings a peece. Prior to that date, an ox above four years old was valued at six pounds, a cow of the same age, at five pounds, a sheep above a year old, thirty shillings, a swine above a year old, at twenty shillings. Men who worked at arts or trades were rated proportionable to other men for estates. The valuation of horses being far below what they were worth, in 1653, the Gen. Court ordered that horses of four years old or upwards should be valued in the country rate at sixteen pounds; three years old, ten pounds; two years old, at seven pounds; of one year old, at three pounds, ten shillings. SALT AND SUGAR. In 1624, a salt maker was sent from England to teach the art at Plymouth. The project failed. In 1649, John Winthrop, son of the Governor, undertook to manufacture salt out of "meer salt water," he to receive for good white salt, at Boston and other places, wheat, or other corn of equal value, bushel for bushel. THE LIFE OF LONG AGO 425 Sea water furnished more or less salt for the people for many years. Cape Cod was the locality considered most favorable. In 1808, there were, at Barnstable, half a million square feet of vats. The Indians taught the settlers to make sugar from the maple. Most farmers had their sugar orchards, "and 'sugaring- off' was as much a part of the agricultural year as plowing or hay-making." soldiers' diet. While the people at home were eating fish and rye-and- Indian, the soldiers of 1756 were given these rations: Computation of one day's allowance per man. 1 lb Bread £0:1:5 1 " Pork 0:2:0 1 Jill Rum 0:0:6 i pint of pease or beans :0 :5 per. day 0:4:4 half a pound sugar per week 0:1 :6 2 ounces ginger :0 :5 1 Flour 0:1:2 1 pint Indian meal :0 :4 4 ounces of Butter 0:1 :0 1 pint of Molasses 0:1 :7 0:6:0 is per day 10^ Old Tenor 0:5 :2i per day 0: 4:4 7 1:10:4 0: 6:0 OT per week 1:16:4 [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 75, p. 312.] POVERTY. The scanty crops which the first settlers were able to raise on their clearings barely kept them from starving. Wild beasts and savage Indians harassed them, they suffered from the rigors of the climate and from the lack of many things which we deem almost essential to existence. For many years, com and rye formed the chief support of life, and some families had little of these. Many lacked fruit and vegetables. During the long 426 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD winters not further back then one hundred years ago, some families were obHged to sustain themselves chiefly on turnips, potatoes and salt. Occasionally, they had fish or game. Yet they were not shiftless, and, when the opportunity came, they improved it. An instance, which, at one time, might almost be called typical, is that of a family in which there were fourteen children living not far from the centre of the town, about a century ago, all in rags, some of whom, on cold winter nights, slej^t on straw in the potato bin in the cellar, and who had been constantly assisted by their more favored neighbors, who at last found work in one of the early mills in East Chelmsford. In later years, three of these boys became overseers, and the others did well in mill work. After the application of water power to the weaving of cloth, there were rapid and marvelous changes in the condition of many families. BEARS. The little black bears, sly as foxes, which lived about the swamps, were continually lurking near the homes of the early settlers, and, coming in the night, did much damage to the crops, and caused considerable annoyance in other ways. They cared as little for the sting of a bullet as for the sting of a bee, and were hard to kill. Mr. C. W. Byam tells of an incident which, one day, enlivened the home of his mother's great uncle. Col. Wright, who was, at the time, on the frontier, looking after the general interests of the settlers. His wife and two little children were left to carry on the farm at Chestnut hill. They were in the woods, gathering sticks for fuel to keep them warm and cook their food. The children, having strayed away from their mother, found a couple of balls of fur, and came running back, crying, "Mother, Mother, See!" The furry balls were two young cubs, whose eyes were not yet open. Mrs. Wright took the children in her arms and ran homeward for dear life, and barred the door, expecting every moment to be torn to pieces by the mother bear; but, fortunately, the she-bear had been shot, and could do them no harm. Ephraim Brown, in Vol. 4, Cont. Old Res. Hist. Assn., gives an interesting account of the killing of a bear by Mary Chandler Heald, a Chelmsford girl, who married and went to live in that part of Carlisle which was then within the limits of Concord. It was in 1693. Her husband, with other men, had started out early in the morning with their hounds, to kill a savage and destructive bear, which had made great depredations in their fields and flocks, and which, by its fleetness and cunning, had escaped their dogs and traps. Mary, at her door, heard the distant baying of the hounds, and strong voices of the men on the hills, and knew that the chase was leading towards her home. "To the right," "To the left," "Close up the centre," she heard THE LIFE OF LONG AGO 427 them shout. "She shut the doors and windows, seized her long rifle, picked the flint, left her infant, Timothy, in the cradle asleep, and sallied forth into the deep shades of that swampy- forest to meet the monster in the very spot which she believed it would pass. Soon the waving bushes, the rustling leaves, the heavy man-like tread, and the loud breathing, told that the monster was rushing directly upon her, and, now full in sight, was charging upon her very footsteps. With the rifle at her eye, her finger on the trigger, she received his oncoming without flinching, and, when the beast rose with open mouth and a terrific growl, doubly enraged at the sight of this new enemy, striking with its huge arms right and left to clear its way, she pulled the trigger. The echo of her rifle, mingled with the roar of the beast, rolled over the region and told every hunter that a grand day's work was done. Expecting to meet some other and unknown hunter and the captured game, the hunters rushed forward, and, amazed, saw the dying beast leaping vainly to regain its feet, with a bullet through its heart, roaring fearfully, and this woman, rifle in hand, looking calmly on, surveying the work of her hands, and giving welcome to the hounds and hunters gathering around. She had shot a huge and ferocious bear. The hunters, in amaze- ment and admiration, gave cheer upon cheer, not only because the dreadful beast was dead, but because it was killed in the forest by a woman, all alone." The dead beast was worth thirty or forty dollars in our present money. Mr. William Pierce, aged 85, tells (1901) that Debora Stevens, born at the old Stevens place, near Frances hill, was frightened in childhood by a bear coming into the house. Her nerves were affected so that ever after her head was shaky. She married Oliver Pierce. The following may or may not be history. It is an old manuscript among the Fiske papers, and will, at least, illustrate the fiction, if not the fact, of early times. CURIOUS STORY. "The following anecdote of an honest farmer, who was one of the first settlers, will serve to show the fanatical spirit, which then prevailed, so contrary to that liberal toleration now prevalent, and which so happily unites every denomination of Christians in the bonds of charity and love — but to vay story. "The farmer in question was a plain, pious man, regular in the discharge of his duty, both to God and his neighbour; but, unluckily, he happened to live near one with whom he was not inclined to cultivate either civil or friendly terms ; the troublesome personage was no other than a monstrous, overgrown he-bear that descended from the mountains, trod down and destroyed the 428 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD cornfields, and carried off whatever he laid his paws upon. The plundered sufferer watched for him in vain, the ferocious and cun- ning animal ever finding methods to elude his utmost vigilance ; and at last the bear had learned his cue so thoroughly as to commit his depredations only on the Lord's day, when he knew from experience the coast was clear. Wearied out with these oft- repeated trespasses, the good man resolved to stay on the next Sunday in the fields, where, with his gun, he would conceal him- self. The bear came, as usual — he fired, and shot him dead. The explosion threw the whole congregation (for it was about the hour of the people's assembling to worship) into consternation. The cause was inquired into; and, as soon as the Pastor, Deacon and Elders became acquainted with it, they called a special meeting of the church, and cited their offending brother before them, to shew cause, if any he had, why he should not be excommunicated out of Christ's Church, for this daring and unequaled impiety. In vain did he urge from the Scriptures themselves, that it was lawftd to do good on the Sabbath day; he pleaded before Judges determined to condemn him; and the righteous parson, elders, and church viva voce agreed to drive him out from amongst them as polluted and accursed. Accordingly he was enjoined, (as is customary on such occasions) on the next Sunday to attend his excommunication in the church. He did attend, but not entirely satisfied with the sentence and too much of a soldier to be scandal- ised in so publick a manner for an action which he conceived to be a good one, he resolved to have recourse to stratagem : he therefore went as he was summoned, with his gun loaded with a brace of balls, his sword and cartridge-box by his side and his knapsack on his back with six days provisions in it. Service was about half over when he entered the sanctuary in marshal array. He marched leisurely into a corner and took his position. As soon as the benediction was ended, the holy parson began his excom- munication, but scarce had he pronounced the words, "Offending Brother," when the honest veteran cocked and levelled his weapon of destruction, at the same time crying out with a louder voice, "Proceed if you dare, proceed and you are a dead man." At this unexpected attack the astonished clergyman shrunk behind his desk, and his opponent with great deliberation recovered his arms. Some minutes elapsed before the parson had courage to peep from his ecclesistical battery, when finding that the old hero had come to a rest he tremblingly reached the order to the eldest deacon, desiring him to read it. The deacon with stammer- ing accents, and eyes staring with affright began as he was com- manded; but no sooner had he done so than the devoted victim again levelled his piece, and more vehemently than before exclaimed, "Desist and march — I will not live with shame; — desist and march, or you are all dead men!" Little need had he to repeat his threats; the man of God leaped from his desk, and escaped, the deacon, elders and congregation followed in equal trepidation; the greatest confusion prevailed, the old women THE LIFE OF LONG AGO 429 with shrieks and cries sought their homes; and the victor was left undisturbed master of the field, and the church too, the doors of which he calmly locked, put the keys in his pocket and sent them with his respects to the Parson. He then marched home with all the honours of war, lived eighteen years afterwards, and died a brother in full communion, declaring to the last (among his intimates) that he never tasted so great a dainty before. "Nature gives merit and fortune sets it at work." WOLVES. Wolves and foxes made constant depredations. The wolves were ever-threatening enemies, which, no doubt, greeted the Chelmsford settlers as they did the Pilgrims at Plymouth, who said the wolves "sat on their tayles and grinned at them." The General Court calls the wolves "Ravenous cruell creatures & daily vexatious to all ye inhabitants of ye Colony," "which doe destroy so great nombers of or Catle," and early took measiires "for supprsing of yva." In 1644, in the records of the Court, "It is ordered yt there shalbe a bushell of Indian Come or three qrts of wine paid to any Indian by ye constable of evry tovme for evry wolfe killed wthin ye bounds of ye towne" &c. This was repealed the next year, and it was ordered that ten shillings should be paid to any person for every wolf killed within ten miles of any plantation "within this Jurisdiction." The selectmen of every town were empowered to procure "of the townes stock so many hounds as they thinlce meete and to impose the keeping of them on such as they thinke fitest, that so all means may be improved for the destruction of wolves," &c. In 1648 the Court also ordered that every inhabitant, English or Indian, that should kill a wolf and bring the head to the constable, who was to bury it, should receive, an Englishman, thirty shillings, an Indian, twenty shillings, ten shillings whereof was to go to the constable. In 1661, Indians were to receive two pounds of powder and eight pounds of shot, or one pound of powder and four pounds of shot and five shillings in corn or other pay, or ten shillings only, for every wolf killed. The wolves' ears were to be cut oflE and buried, so that none should be twice paid for. In 1662, every person killing a wolf was to receive twenty shillings, ten from the towne and ten from the country Treasurer. In Chelmsford, 7 Feb. 168| "ther was a voatt passed that if any man shale kill a woolfe or grone wolues that hee shall have tenne shillens each woolfe paid him by the towne in Common pay." "March 7 169J the towne by voate did repeal there [their] in gage as to the payinge ten shiligs for Kilinge wolfs." In 1674, John Parker is credited with "fouer woolues kiled," and in 1676, he received £1.10.0. for "woolvs." 430 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD In the following account are found some items of bounties paid for killing wolves: An account of debts due to sevrall persons for servis done expenses [1689—1692] It[em] to Mr Walldoe in paye £ 2. 00. 11 It in moni 9 It to Sam veil flecher senor for desinsie of the metinge house 8.00.00 It for thre wolfs kilinge atested by Cornstubl perem . . 1. 00. 10 It to leftenante hildreth 2 It for 2 wolfs kiled by Edward foster atested by constabl Spalding 1. 00. 00 Ittem to capten adams his saliri in yeare 89 1. 00. 00 It to Josiph Hid one wolfe atested by cornstub spalding & payed by cornstuble brown It to Josiph Spaldige for mendinge the pound 00 01 00 It to Samevll foster Juner for mending the pund .... 00. 02. 00 It to Josiah richardson sener for his servis done Acovnte in monie 10. 00. 00 It for 2 yer serving the toune as toune clerke 2. 00 00 It to Mister Walldov too pond sixten shilings & ten pens 2. 16. 10 and 2 shiling & 5 pens in monie 00. 02. 05 1690 to Mosis baron & his sone for goinge the priam- ballason betwene Concord & Chelmsford 00. 06. 00 it for one woulf kiled in 9. by information of constabele brown 00. 10. 00 Item to Josiah richardson senor for going the pream- belason betwen Mr tings and the toune 00 03 00 Item for runinge the bounds betwen gratton and Chelmsford 00 03 00 Item to John wrighte for runinge the above said priambolasons 00 06 00 Item Ebineser parkis runinge the above said priam- bilasons 00. 06. 00 Item to Josiah Richardson senor for serving the toune as clerke 1692 01. 00. 00 Item to mosis parker seven wolfs ] attested by ! constable Joseph Spaldinge Item to Josiph Spauldinge sen f Constable samel flecher one wolf . . 1 atested ^ Item to Mosis parker by Joseph Spauldinge Constable brown tou wolfs, a foster. Elieser Brown constable by Constable andrve Spaldings and Item one wolfe to Samevel flecher sen It to John Walker 00 10 00 atested by constable Andrev Spavldinge Kild May 6, 1692 THE LIFE OF LONG AGO 431 _ Wolfs Killed sins May 14, 1692 Item too Mosis parker one wolfe & a half It Willam flecher Junr halfe a wolfe It Samevel varnam five wolfs November & Desember '92 Item to lef Jarathemel bovrs one wolfe September 29, '92 No bounty was paid for bears. They were valuable for fur and meat and fat. Foxes were worth twelve pence a head. 1695, May 20. Nathaniel Foster brought thirty-three grown blackbirds' heads. It is also recorded that on June 23, 1696, Edward Foster "kild a grone wolfe," and on Nov. 18, 1696, Thomas Colbom "kild a grone wolfe." 1698 Memarandome. comited to cornit hill as towne tresuer for Kiling a grown woulf £l. 0. 1701 To Samuel Burdg for catching Two woulues .... 2. 0. 172f John Parker for a grown Wolfs head that he brought 4.0.0 1730 John Parker for Killing a grown wild cat some time in March 1730 1. 0. 1731 For a woolfs hed and catts head 2. 0. 1732 Benj Blogett one grown wolves hed 4. 0. 1733 John Parker for one grown wolves hed 4.0.0 1735 July 18 Jonathan Butterfield, Jr., the 2d, for one wild Catte hed 1. 0. 1736 Ebenzer Foster for one wild catte hed 1. 0. There were wolves in eastern Massachusetts until after the Revolution. SQUIRRELS AND BLACKBIRDS. WILDCATS AND CROWS. 1742, May. The Town paid bounties for 2,548 ground squirrels, 552 blackbirds and !our crows, and in November of the same year, for 1,922 squirrels and 169 blackbirds. 1743, February. 217 squirrels were paid for, and later in the same year another account shows that the Town paid for 2,984 squirrels, 371 blackbirds. 1750. Benjamin Howard is credited with one grown wildcat's head, for which he received ten shillings, eight pence. The lists of 1742-3 give the names and numbers. Joseph Warren brought in 344 squirrels, and the Widow Remembrance Foster, 140. In 1790, the Town paid for 59 crows' heads, a shilling ahead £2: 19: 0:0 1800, the Town paid the same bounty for every crow's head brought to the Town treasurer, who cut off the bill. 432 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD 1802, the Town paid for 3,573 squirrels' heads ... $35 . 73 " " 83 crows' heads 13.83 1803. The Town paid for 16 crows' heads 2.67 " " and for 15 striped squirrels' heads .15 1806. The Town paid for crows' heads 15.40 The year previous it was voted to pay 20 cents bounty "for only such as are killed in this Town." 1811. The Town refused to give bounty for crows, squirrels, and blackbirds. In 1873, 25 cents a head was the amount offered by the Town for all woodchucks and crows killed within the limits of the Town. INDIANS. In 1675, each town was ordered to provide six flints to a listed soldier. There was to be no trading with the Indians except in open shops and towns where goods were sold to the English. The next year, all trade with the Indians was pro- hibited. The Court offered £3 per head for Indians dead or alive. The state of affairs in Chelmsford was of interest to Boston people. Increase Mather says, in his diary, one-eyed John was hanged with other Indians in Boston, Sept. 22, 1676. This was the Indian who had threatened to burn Chelmsford. 1677, Sept. 22, he records that the Indians at Chelmsford had withdrawn themselves. Notwithstanding the Indian attacks and the fact that many of the inhabitants had left the Town, there were, in 1691, in the Chelmsford garrisons, 158 men. Allen says (page 147) : The Maquas, and strange Indians from the southward, were the fomenters and perpetrators of most of the mischief that was done. The affair in 1676 (see Chapter II) was caused, as Hubbard and others assert, by the imprudent and unjustifiable attack of some people from Wobum and Chelmsford, vfho, to retaliate the burning of a bam, and some haystacks, supposed to have been done by the Indians, fired upon them, killed some and wounded several others. This excited the Indians to a predatory war. They burned several houses in Dracut, Chelmsford, Shawshin and Andover; killed a son of George Abbott of Andover, and carried away another captive. Roger Marks was wounded and his horse killed. Two sons of Samuel Vamum were shot as they were rowing a boat across the Merrimack river. Allen says some of the walls and cellars of the Garrison houses were remaining in his day, and quotes the following: Considering the present danger of an assault by the Indians on the County of Middlesex, it is ordered that John Phillips, Esq., HEYWOOD OR HAYWARD GARRISON HOUSE, VIEW ON SECOND FLOOR .Vf). 2S HEYWOOD OR HAYWARD GARRISON HOUSE, SOUTH CHELMSFORD THE LIFE OF LONG AGO 433 be commander-in-chief of the lower regiment, and Maj. Tho. Hinchman of the upper regiment in Middlesex, and so continue till an orderly nomination of Majors can be made for said regiment. Consented to by the Governor and Council, Isaac Addington, Sec'y- June 27, 1689. There is a tradition that a party of Indians once came to the house of one of the early settlers in the night, and made noises like swine and other annoying demonstrations. The man went out, but did not return. His wife barred the doors, and remained with her children until morning, and, on going out, found the head of her husband stuck up on a pole. There is also a tradition that before the settlement of Chelmsford, a battle was fought between the Nashoba Indians and the Wamesits. The battle- ground was a triangular piece of ground on the north side of Frances hill. [Hist, of Westford.] Long after the days of Hannah Dustin and the kidnapping of the Chelmsford children, in 1690, were the lives of the white settlers insecure. Vagabond Indians lived on the fish they caught, or begged from door to door; and in warm weather, clad only in breech-cloths, would shock the modesty of the "lady of the house," as they lay about under the trees, and helped them- selves to fruit; of pears, especially, they were fond. Not until after the War of 1812, were these shiftless remnants of the savage tribes driven back over the Canadian line. The region towards Littleton, once called Nashoba, sheltered some undesirable Indians, and, after the Revolution, a number of wild and lawless characters found their way there. Dea. Isaiah Spalding related that in Indian times one of the girls of the family told the men one morning that the colt was loose at the barn, for she saw his head at the window. The men, believing it to be the head of an Indian, did not go to the barn that day. After the fear of Indian attacks ceased, people did not feel it necessary to lock their doors at night. Almost any stranger "v^as given entertainment. In the morning a weary traveller might be found lying near the kitchen chimney. Indian relics found on the land known, in the early history of Chelmsford, as the "Carolina Plain," lead one to believe that many years ago, the red man dwelt there, and one can almost fancy he sees his stalwart form by the ruddy glow of his camp fire. Many arrow-heads, broken tomahawks, sinkers and other stone relics have been found from year to year while cultivating the soil, and at one time quantities of flint clippings could be seen, but now these are hidden by the dead grass and brush. It is quite evident that these clippings were caused by reducing the rough stone to the desired form. This must have been an arduous 434 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD task, as they had the crudest implements with which to perform their labors. Arrow-heads are said to have been chipped out of flint by a quick twist with a notched stick of hard wood. Some of the arrow-heads are made of quartz, and others of granite, but the greater part are of flint. The Indians must have travelled many miles to obtain the flint, as none can be found in this locality. Could these relics but speak, they might tell us many an interesting story, but their history is obscured in the dim years of the vanished past. Close by the supposed Indian village, is a small stream, and many cool and never-failing springs. The land is very easily worked (which must have been much to the Indians' satisfaction), and quite productive for certain crops, especially corn, and if this were a permanent camping ground, some of the land was evidently cultivated for that purpose. But the true history of the encampment will never be known. Tradition tells us that less than one hundred years ago, a lone Indian, the last of his tribe, walked over this plain, viewing the ancient camping-ground of his forefathers, then turned his face westward, and stalked slowly and silently away, his eyes following the setting sun. Mr. Edwin L. Stearns, who supplied the writer with some of the above facts, has a large collection of Indian relics, found upon the Stearns propert}?-. PART TWO. TOW^N ROADS. Report of the Committee on Naming Streets, 1905: CHELMSFORD CENTRE. Chelmsford street : — From the Centre, at junction of Billerica road to Lowell line at Chelmsford street in Lowell. (State high- way.) Centre street : — From the Centre at Town Hall, and through North Chelmsford to Middlesex road at Common. Westford road:— From railroad track (N. Y., N. H. & H.), running between the Common and Unitarian Church, through former School District 7, past the house of Fred L. Fletcher, to Westford line. Littleton road: — From railroad track, running toward Little- ton to Westford line at Tadmuck swamp. (State highway.) Acton road: — From the Centre at junction of Boston road to South Chelmsford, and beyond, towards Acton, to Westford line. (State highway.) Boston road : — From the Centre at junction of Billerica road, running due south by the Hazen place to Billerica line. Billerica road: — From the Centre at Parkhurst's store by the Town Farm to Billerica line. THE LIFE OF LONG AGO 435 Crosby place : — From Centre street, at North square, to house of Miss Abbie F. Crosby. Fletcher street: — From Centre street, near J. M. Fletcher's to Chelmsford street at railroad crossing. Worthen street : — From Westford road at Westford square to Centre street at North square. Bridge street: — From Westford road, near Baptist Church, by house of T. A. Harmon. Dalton road: — From Westford road, near house of the late D. C. Perham, by house of James F. Stearns to Chelmsford street at Westlands. Concord road: — From Boston road at Farley's brook to Carlisle line. Mill road: — From Boston road, passing schoolhouse and sawmill, to Billerica road. Bartlett street: — From Acton road by Warren's grove to Acton road. High street: — From Bartlett street, crossing Acton road, over north side of Robin's hill, by house of John Byam to road at Beaver brook. Adams street: — From Bartlett street, by Adams Library to Boston road. Robin's Hill road: — From High street, over Robin's hill, crossing Locust road, to Acton road at South Chelmsford. Warren avenue: — From Boston road through Homestead lands. Putnam avenue: — From Boston road to and along the south line of Homestead lots. On Homestead: Cross streets: — First, Second, Third. River Neck road: — From Billerica road near Rivermeadow brook, to East Chelmsford, passing old schoolhouse and termin- ating at Gorham street. Turnpike road: — From Billerica road at Town Farm, by Rocky hill to Mill road. Golden Cove road: — From Town Farm, crossing Chelmsford street at Golden Cove, by schoolhouse and crossing Dalton road, to Lowell line at Steadman street. Wilson street: — From Chelmsford street, by Wilson cottages to Billerica road. Evergreen street: — From Chelmsford street near junction with Dalton road, running northerly at Westlands. Parkhurst road: — From Centre street by Parkhurst's green- houses to Lowell line. Redshire road: — From Parkhurst road at old turnpike, over Rcdshire meadow to Golden Cove road. Lowell road : — From Westford line at Lowell road in Westford, by house of the late E. F. Richardson to Lowell line at junction of Parkhurst road. 436 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD SOUTH CHELMSFORD. Maple road: — From Acton road at Post Office to Littleton road at John Ward place. Tadmuck road: — From Littleton road at John Ward place towards Chamberlain comer in Westford. Grove road: — From Maple road, past Heart pond cemetery to Westford line. Proctor road: — From Acton road at Common, over Proctor hill, crossing Park road to Concord road. Park road: — From road near house formerly of L. J. Mans- field, Jr., running southerly, crossing Acton and Proctor roads to Carlisle line. Locust road: — From High street at house of John Byam, running easterly, crossing Robin's hill road to Acton road, near house of Alfred B. Paasche. EAST CHELMSFORD. Gorham street: — From Gorham street, Lowell, to Billerica line. (State highway.) Carlisle street: — From Carlisle street in Lowell, by new schoolhouse to Gorham street. Manning place : — From River Neck road by house of William Manning to J. M. G. Parker estate. Marshall street: — From River Neck road to Carlisle street near new schoolhouse. River Neck road : — From Gorham street towards the Centre of the Town, as previously described. Canal road: — From River Neck road by Samuel L. Blood estate, on line of old Middlesex canal to Brick-kiln road at Daniel Reardon's. Brick-kiln road: — From Gorham street at house of Charles Fennick to Billerica road (a portion being in Billerica). WEST CHELMSFORD. Main street: — From Westford comer toward North Chelms- ford to Groton road. School street: — From Main street, crossing Stony brook at depot, by schoolhouse, to Westford road near schoolhouse at former District No. 7. High street: — From School street near house of J. A. Park- hurst to Crooked Springs road. Crooked Springs road: — From School street near house of George F. Snow towards North Chelmsford to Richardson road. THE LIFE OF LONG AGO 437 NORTH CHELMSFORD. Middlesex street: — From Lowell line to Tyngsboro line. Newfield street: — From Groton road to Gay street. Cottage row: — From Middlesex street to Centre street. Washington street: — From Centre street southerly to New- field street. Groton road: — From Middlesex street to Westford line. Mill street: — From Middlesex street at R. R. crossing to Centre street. Church street: — From R. R. Station, crossing Aliddlesex street to Centre street. Richardson road: — From Centre street past house of W. Dunnigan to Lowell road near house of J. P. Daly. Edward's place : — From Middlesex street to Middlesex street. Wright street: — From Middlesex street to Newfield street. Dunstable road: — From Groton road to Tyngsboro line. Cross street: — From Middlesex street to Dunstable road. Wood street: — From Middlesex street to Dunstable road. Princeton street: — From Lowell line to intersection of Centre street. (State highway.) Gay street: — From Middlesex street, crossing Centre street to Newfield street. Mount Pleasant street: — From Centre street to Mill street. Ripley street: — From Washington street to the canal. Mansur street: — From Newfield street to a proposed street parallel to Newfield street. Henry S. Perham, William H. Shedd, Stewart Mackay, George P. Mansfield, George F. Snow, Committee. In 1908 the Road Commissioners, Royal S. Ripley, George P. Mansfield and J. Adams Bartlett, ascertained by actual measure- ment that the total length of all roads and streets in Chelmsford is 91 8-10 miles. The longest road in Town is the road from Tyngsborough line through Chelmsford Centre to the Billerica line at the top of Stevens hill, 7 3-10 miles. Virtually the length of the Town. The road from West Chelmsford to the Lowell line at Gorham street. East Chelmsford, going through the Centre, is 6 4-10 miles. The road from the Westford line to the Lowell line at East Chelmsford, via the Centre, is 5 7-10 miles. Virtually the width of the Town. From the Centre to North Chelmsford at Tyngsborough line is 4 7-10 miles. From the Billerica line to the Centre is 2 6-10 miles. Gorham street from the Billerica line to Lowell line is 1 1-10 miles. Chelmsford street (formerly Lowell street) from the Lowell line to the Post Office at the Centre is 1 8-10 miles. 438 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD The Syndicate road (Dalton road) from the home of E. C. Perham to the Lowell road is 1 8-10 miles. From Westford line by the Richardson road by E. F. Richard- son's house to Lowell line is 2 9-10 miles. From the Lowell line to Westford line via the Centre and South Chelmsford by Heart pond is 5 2-10 miles. There are 12-10 miles on the Homestead, so called, Chelmsford Centre. The road leading off the Butman road, called Smith avenue, and Stedman street by the old Turnpike to Russell road is 4 miles. The Dublin road, so called. East Chelmsford, from Billerica road to Gorham street is 1 mile. The road from East Chelmsford at Lowell line to Chelmsford Centre is 3 miles. The road from Chelmsford Centre to Carlisle line via Carlisle road by W. Parker's is 2 6-10 miles. From the Post Office, South Chelmsford, via Parrott hill to Ward's comer on Littleton road is 1 3-10 miles. From the Post Office, South Chelmsford, to Westford line by the "Pond plain" is 1 mile. From the Carlisle line to the Post Office at South Chelms- ford by the house of E. Paignon is 1 6-10 miles. Locust street from Paasche corner on South Chelmsford road to Littleton road at Geo. A. Byam's corner is 1 mile. The Acton road from Chelmsford Centre to Westford line via South Chelmsford is 3 4-10 miles. From the Westford line via West Chelmsford to North Chelmsford is 2 3-10 miles. The various short roads at West Chelmsford by Crooked Spring road and rendering works measure 3 2-10 miles. From Westford line by Westford street, to the road leading from the Centre to North Chelmsford at foot of Drum hill is 2 miles. From the Westford line by the Groton road to the State highway at North Chelmsford measures 1-8 of a mile. From Tyngsborough line to Lowell line on Middlesex street is 3 miles. The Dunigan road to State highway is 1 mile. There are 5 7-10 miles of short streets in the village of North Chelmsford. The back road from the Lowell line near the house of Con Leary to the road leading from Chelmsford Centre to North Chelmsford is 6-10 of a mile. In the villages of North and West Chelmsford from the foot of Drum hill, including the road from Lowell line to Westford line, are 24 miles of road. In the villages of Chelmsford Centre, and East Chelmsford, there are 67 8-10 miles of road. THE LIFE OF LONG AGO 439 MIDDLESEX TURNPIKE. In 1803 a committee was appointed by the Town to go to the General Court to oppose all turnpike roads through Chelms- ford. The Town wanted a free road from New Hampshire to Boston. The old Middlesex Turnpike, chartered June 15, 1805, by Samuel Swan, Jr., Perkins Nichols, Royal Makepeace, Ebenezer Bridge, William Whittemore, Jr., and James Abbott, and opened about five years later, took the travel to and from Boston through Tyngsborough and Nashua, and was the direct route to the North. It started at Tyngsborough meeting-house and went through Chelmsford, Billerica, Bedford, and Cambridge. The charter was repealed in 1841 and it became a free road in 1846. The toll house still stands opposite the Town Farm where the turnpike crosses Billerica street. From that point the turnpike lay just south of the present Golden Cove road and led straight on, crossing the present Lowell road where the lane comes out some distance south of the Cove. The Lowell road from Central square to Golden Cove was laid out in 1827 and was continued to the Middlesex canal in 1829. There was a bridge over Golden Cove brook and also one over the Middlesex canal, where this road crossed it at the boundary line between Chelmsford and Lowell. There was also a bridge over Beaver brook in Central Square in the Centre Village. The County road from Chelmsford Centre to Bedford was laid out December 26, 1822. The Littleton road was laid out in 1848. MAMMOTH ROAD, The Great Mammoth road, built in 1792 to accommodate travel from Boston to Concord, N. H., crossed the Merrimack at Pawtucket bridge, also built that year. In 1819 Middlesex street in Lowell, then East Chelmsford, and Pawtucket street were made to intersect at the point where they now join, to give better facilities for travel to Middlesex Village, to which place the street was extended. The skeleton of an Indian was found near the junction of the two streets mentioned. The Westford road was opened in 1722. The short piece of road lying on the north side of the common, from Centre street to Westford road, was laid out in 1860. The street from the Centre railroad crossing to Crosby lane was opened prior to 1830. The Sawpit Hill road, or Byam road, as it was called, which in the Centre village is known as Bartlett street, was laid out November 1, 1828. It was discontinued in 1850, when Acton 440 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD street was cut through, and was again opened up in 1893. An ancient saw pit may still be seen at about the highest point on the road. A road was laid out over Chestnut hill in 1826. The Pine Hill road was laid out in 1836. The Drum Hill road was laid out in 1831. This completed the Cross Bridge road which was a continuation of what is now Centre street from the railroad crossing in Chelmsford Centre, which was laid out some years previously. Bridge street, improved in 1896, was originally a cart path, or lane, leading to the lime kiln, before Littleton street was laid out. Warren avenue was laid out in 1876 and extended in 1882. Streets on the Westlands were laid out in 1906. Bedford road was laid out in 1822 from the bridge over Beaver brook in the Centre village; that from Bedford road to Russell's mills, in 1865. School street in Lowell was originally known as Bond street. A school was built at the corner of Westford street. LOWELL-CHELMSFORD ROAD. "The Commissioners of Roads for Middlesex County, decided on Saturday last in favour of a petition of Messrs. Kirk Boott and others, for the alteration of the public road between Lowell and Chelmsford, and for discontinuing that part of the old road lying between Mr. Hobbs' store and the point where it would be inter- sected by the new road, near the new Canal." [From the Columbian Centinel for November 15, 1828.] Some account of the old stage routes will be of interest to the reader. AMHERST STAGE. "The Public are informed, that the Stage which runs from Amherst in New Hampshire, to Boston; will begin upon a new Arrangement, the first Week in May: The Stage will set off from Amherst, Tuesday Mornings about Sunrise, and exchanging Horses at Chelmsford, will arrive at Boston, on Tuesday Eve, when it will be put up at Beals's Tavern. Wednesday Noon, it will set out from Beals's and arrive at Chelmsford, about 6 o' Clock, when it will set out from Chelmsford, at Sunrise, and arrive at Beals's before noon: Friday Morning at Sunrise, will set out for Amherst, and arrive there in the Evening: — The rate of Passage, is Two pence half Penny, per Mile: The Stage will punctually start at the stated hours. The Driver will be answerable for any thing entrust[ed] to him. May 2, 1793" ["vSupplement to the Independent Chronicle" (Boston), May 16, 1793.1 THE LIFE OF LONG AGO 441 In 1822 a regular line of stages was established between East Chelmsford and Boston. In 1824 a stage-coach was advertised to be in readiness at Mr. S. Spalding's hotel, on the arrival of the Middlesex packet, to take passengers to East Chelmsford. In the latter place passengers could book at Carter's hotel, and Morrills' and Tyler's stores. WORCESTER STAGE. In the Chelmsford Courier of April 29, 1825 is this advertise- ment: "Worcester and Chelmsford Stage. New Line. Leaves Worcester Monday, Wednesday and Friday at 8 o'clock, A. M. — Arrives at Chelmsford, same day, at 5 o'clock P. M. Passes through West Boylston: intersects with the Boston and Barre line at Sterling; the Boston and Brattleborough line at Lancaster; the Lunenburg line at Harvard; the Boston and Keene line at Groton; the Concord, N. H. line at Chelmsford and meets the Newburyport and Haverhill lines at East Chelmsford. Returning, Leaves Chelmsford Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday, at 8 o'clock, A. M. arrives at Worcester same day at 5 o'clock, P. M. by the same route — where it meets the Providence stages — intersects with the New York mail, by the way of Hartford, every day; and with the Boston and Albany stages, by the way of Springfield and Northampton, every day (Sundays excepted.)" & c, & c. There were at one time as many as five stages running over the South Chelmsford road, to Clinton, Worcester, Fitchburg, Framingham, and Marlborough. MARLBOROUGH STAGE. In September, 1832, there was advertised "A New Line of Stages, from Lowell, through Chelmsford, Acton, Stow, by Rock Bottom Factory, through Feltonville to Marlborough — inter- secting with the Boston and Worcester Accommodation Line passing through Northborough, Shrewsbury into Worcester. Leaves Lowell every Monday, Wednesday and Friday at 8 A. M. Returning leaves Marlborough every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday at 10 a. m. arrives in Lowell at 3 P. M." & c. BOSTON STAGE. In 1826 the Lowell and Boston Accommodation Stage left Frye's Tavern daily (except Sundays) at 6 A. M. and made the trip to Boston in three hours. On the return trip it left Wildes and Hosmer's, Elm street, at 4 P. M., and arrived in Lowell at 7. The fare, either way, was $1.25. On the Canal a packet boat left Middlesex Village, Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays, at 7 A. M., reaching Boston (or Charles- 442 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD town) at 2 P. M., and returned on the other three week days. Fare, 75 cents. Carriages were in readiness to convey passengers from Middlesex Village to Belvidere, or from Charlestown to Boston. The Canal line of stages was advertised to leave Middlesex Village for Boston on Tuesdays and Thursdays at 8 A. M. and Saturdays at 12 M., passing through Lowell, Tewksbury, Wil- mington, Woburn, Medford and Charlestown. The return was made on the other week days. The Rev. Dr. Packard, writing at Middlesex Village, May 11, 1832, says: "The season is forward. Many of our trees are dead, but not so many as some apprehended. Farmers are very busy — our village witnesses much brisk and useful movement. Six or seven stages with six horses harnessed to ye chief of them daily pass my door. The canal seems at times crowded with boats and rafts, and our factories are in successful operation." TRAFFIC AND TRAVEL. Says Judge Hadley: "I can remember when the only means of transporting goods and merchandise from Boston to the north was by means of huge wains called baggage- wagons, drawn by not less than six, oftener by eight, horses. There were regular lines of these immense wagons, and they passed through the (Middlesex) village with such regularity that we children knew just when to expect them, and I can remember sitting with other children beside the road and waiting the passing of these wagons, and, as they passed us, choosing, with other children, the particular pair of horses which we called ours, and came to know them. These great wagons were covered with canvas tops, and the goods within were securely protected from the rain by thick tarpaulins. In winter, long lines of two-horse pung sleighs, loaded with butter, cheese, apple-sauce, dressed hogs, maple sugar, and other country produce, were constantly passing on the way to Boston market, and returning loaded with supplies of all kinds, purchased or exchanged in Boston. Many of these country produce drivers stopped for the night or to bait at the Adams' Tavern in North Chelmsford and at the old Middlesex Tavern. "There were two, and some of the time three lines of stages passing through the village, all starting from the American House in Lowell, which was, in those days, the White Horse Tavern of this vicinity. One line ran to Groton and Townsend, another to Nashua and Concord. In summer the arrival of the north bound mail stage at the village store was the great morning event. It was due at about 8 o'clock, and when it was announced by sentinel boys, that the stage had reached Black brook, all the men and boys, and girls, sometimes, gathered under the piazza of the tavern near the store entrance, to await its arrival. THE LIFE OF LONG AGO 443 "Old Deacon Ebcn Adams, who was postmaster, a great stickler for the enforcement of the United States laws relating to the receiving, opening and delivery of mails, was the centre of the group. This scene is before me — I can hear the rattle of the coach as it comes up the road. It reaches the turn of the road at Mr. Nathan Tyler's; four bay horses, sometimes six, full of fire and action, are attached to the coach. Corbin is on the box, holding the ribbons with confident ease and not a little honest pride, and sitting in the midst of a group of outside passengers, ladies among them carrying parasols, and wearing on their heads huge bonnets which almost conceal their pleasure-lighted faces. On it comes with the rattle and chucking of wheels, the jingle and clatter of harness, the puffing of horses, and the rocking of the coach, a gaily painted and lettered vehicle, having, as we now see, six or perhaps eight inside passengers, who looked eagerly out, to get their bearings, and make remarks, while we stare at them in eager curiosity. Corbin reaches down under his seat, and, seizing a mail bag, throws it off with easy experienced grace into the extended arms of old Deacon Adams, who runs with it into the store, and behind the counter to his little blue desk where he empties the bag, selects the Middlesex letters, puts his own letters with the letters for other points on the line in the bag and starts for the door. "While the Deacon has been inside, Corbin has been enter- taining the ladies with a brief history of the place, and we have sized up every passenger, and counted the trunks. The old Deacon appears with his mail bag, puffing with his run, throws it into the hands of Corbin, who receives it, places it in the seat- box, draws up his reins, and, with a sharp crack of his long-lashed whip, the impatient horses spring forward with the coach and passengers up the incline of the road over the canal bridge; away they go up the road, and are soon out of sight at the turn near the Major Howard place." As has already been noted, in the early days the only roads leading out of Chelmsford were "the road to the Bay," now known as Billerica street, and perhaps the first road in the Town (there is no record of its being laid out) ; and the old Concord road, which led out of the village over "the town-way to the Mill," (South street). The former accommodated the travel from Groton and Lancaster and other towns which were obliged to pay towards the maintenance of the "great bridge" over the Concord at Billerica. The other gave exit to Concord and places to the south. The Billerica road, which at Hazen's corner branches off the old road, was made to relieve the heavy travel over the latter about one hundred years ago. When the turnpike was built, it accommodated most of the travel, from Lake Champlain, Saratoga, and all the north and west. At a time within the memory of some now living there might have been seen on one of these roads a dozen heavy wagons at once, each drawn by from four to eight horses. Sometimes 444 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD it would be necessary for one driver to unhitch his horses and help another wagon up a steep grade. The meadows in the Centre Village were used for pasturing horses and cattle over night. Sometimes there would be as many as one hundred horses or more stabled or pastured here in an evening. When droves came over the road from the north, there might have been seen two hundred horses or three hundred cattle on the meadows. Sheep and hogs, and flocks of turkeys were driven over the road to the Boston market. When driving turkeys, one man would go ahead on horseback, dropping occasionally a few kernels of corn which tempted the birds forward in a kind of "flying wedge," while another man followed behind to keep them in the road. When night began to fall, and a convenient tree was near, up went the turkeys to roost, and there the night must be spent. The owner of the above mentioned meadows sometimes cautioned the men cutting the grass to "mow it high," so that the sharp ends of coarse stubble would prick the horses' noses and prevent their eating much of the grass. Less than fifty years ago many long horned "Cherokee" steers from Texas were driven through here from Brighton. Frequently one of them would get frightened and run wild. The only thing to do was to shoot it. The man who accomplished this received five dollars. Until about the year 1800 the only way of conveying mer- chandise from Chelmsford to the seaport markets at Salem and Charlestown was to cart it over the roads. A small caravan, made up of several carts and drivers, for fellowship and safety, would set out late in the day and make the journey to Salem by night, as it was cooler; most of the carting being done in the summer. The men took with them for refreshment some simple fare — brown bread and cheese and a little rum. They spent little or no money while on the trip. They used crude two-wheeled carts drawn by oxen. The carts had heavy wooden axles, and the wheels were fastened on with wooden pins driven through the ends of the axles, and between the pins and the hub was a wreathing of birch withes. An ox-team would travel about two miles an hour. John Tucker the physician and storekeeper received produce and "barils" at the C. O. Robbins place at the South Village and shipped them in this way to market. From his account book is taken the following list of shipments. From the account book of John Tucker, storekeeper: (The spelling has been modernized.) Sept. 2, 1751, Andrew Betty carted 40 barrels to Mystic and 28 to Charlestown. March 14, 1753, Mr. Jonathan Butterfield carted 7 hundred of oak boards to Charlestown. April 15, 1753, Mr. Jonathan Adams carted 40 fish barrels and cloth and old brass to Charlestown. THE LIFE OF LONG AGO 445 April 19, 1753, Mr. Eben Harris carted 6 barrels to Mr. Reeves [at Mystic] and 34 to Charlestown. June 6, 1753, Young Benj. Chamberlin carted 40 barrels to Mr. Hunt near Charlestown . June 14, 1753, Mr. Samuel Adams carted 35 rum barrels and 5 fish barrels to Mr. John Bickford in Salem. June 14, 1753, Mr. Beni Procter carted tar and turpentine to Salem. June 14, 1753, Mr. Simeon Procter carted shingles and tar to Salem. July 5, 1753, Israel Procter carted 7 hundred slit-work to Salem. July 5, 1753, Samson Hildreth carted 7 hundred slit- work to Salem. July 11, 1753, Jonathan Butterfield carted 1 M of boards to Salem. July 11, 1753, Ephraim Keys carted 7 hundred slit-work to Salem. July 11, 1753, Henry Byam carted 7 hundred slit-work to Salem. Jiily 11, 1753, Beni Procter carted 5 M shingles to Salem. Aug. 9, 1753, Simeon Procter carted 3 hundred and half of staves and 1 hundred and 3 quarters of slit-work to Charlestown to Mr. Devon. Aug. 9, 1753, Samuel Fletcher carted 40 barrels to Charlestown. Sept. 28, 1753, Ephraim Keys carted 730 foot of slit-work. Mr. Cory carted 40 barrels to Charlestown. John Minot carted 40 barrels to Charlestown. Samson Hildreth carted 39 barrels to Charlestown. John Hill carted 6 hundred of slit- work to Charlestown. Oct. 16, 1753, Thomas Adams carted 5 hundred of slit-work and 1009 foot of maple boards and 1012 foot of oak boards to Charlestown. Mr. Harris carted 7 hundred of oak boards to Charlestown. Mr. Jonathan Spalding carted 7 hundred slit-work to Charles- town. Jonathan Snow 23 barrels and 150 foot of oak "gice" to Charlestown. Oct. 30, 1753, John Adams carted 4 barrels of tar and 2 M of shingles to Salem. Nov. 15, 1753, Jonathan Adams carted 50 feet of boards and 2 M of shingles and 2 barrels to Salem. Nov. 15, 1753, Mr. Procter carted 5 M and half of shingles to Salem. Nov. 15, 1753, Benj. Procter carted 1 M of boards to Salem. Other lists include "oak gice," "double oak gice," "fish barils," "rum barils," "tow cloth," "beans, cloth, tobacko, meal, clap- boards, bedstead, carted to Salem." Other men who carted to Salem or Charlestown were Phylup Robbins, Jacob Read, Caleb farley, Amos Russell, "ye old Mr. Ebin hildrish," Simeon fletcher, Georg neclas, Eben spalding. Cooperage was a thriving industry in those days in Chelms- ford. "Slit-work" was a name used for thin boards. See Vol. VI, p. 115, Narrative and Critical Hist, of America; also the Oxford Dictionary, and Colonial Laws of the ninth year of Queen Anne, 1710. 446 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD In 1791 an item in the Town records states the amount paid for plank and sHt-work to repair a bridge. SHt-deals were pine boards 5-8 of an inch thick; whole deals were 1 1-4 inches thick. Oak knees for small vessels were worked out here and taken to the ship yards. One item of cloth is included in the above list. Weaving cloth on hand looms also occupied the time of some families during the less busy seasons. The setting up of power looms late in the 18th century destroyed this household industry. This letter to Mr. Andrew Betty or Betteys of South Chelms- ford, indicates that orders were taken for such work. In an indentiu-e dated 1758 he is described as a "wever." Charlestown July 9, 1768. Mr. Bettys. I should be very glad if you would weave that cloth directly to whiten, or send it to somebody else that I may have it soon, as I want it directly to have it whiten'd now in season. Sarah Bradstreet. Sarah Bradstreet's maiden name was Foster. March 22, 1739, she married Samuel Bradstreet, son of the Rev. Simon Bradstreet whose father, Samuel, was a physician and the son of Governor Simon Bradstreet. Parson Bridge records that she dined with him, January 3, 1778, in Chelmsford. It was probably her father-in-law who preached here on one or two occasions. She kept a shop in Charlestown and died there a widow, in 1802. Her will [No. 2485 Probate Court] is dated 1797, and mentions a son Samuel, (to whom she gave her great silver tankard) : and daughters Sary, Mary and Catherine: also her grandchildren, the children of her daughter, Lucy Harris, deceased. To her three umnarried daughters she gave "all my shop goods, i.e., piece goods." Samuel Chamberlain wrote from Charlestown, Nov. 12, 1792, to Dr. John Betteys asking him, as he went about among the people, to get them to send to him at Charlestown such things as he could sell in the shop — rye and Indian meal, malt, hops, beans, peas, butter, cheese, leathern shoes of all kinds, eggs, &c. Nov. 23, he sent the Doctor a schedule of prices: "Rye meal goes at about 4/6. Indian at 4/. Beans at 5/ or 5/6 as they are for goodness — butter from 8 to 12 pence. Cranberries are asked for much, they would fetch a good price, woolen stockings would sell well now. Rye meal is in good demand now, I believe it would fetch 5/, that which is brought in soon. The ways have been so bad that the Market has been very good for some days past. If you can send me a few bushils of meal, chiefly rye, I think I can sell it for you at a good lay." THE LIFE OF LONG AGO 447 "Dec. 5. I have not seen a Chelmsford man since some time before Thanksgiving — had no opportunity to send this letter (Post excepted, which set out sooner than usual) since I wrote. ****** Mr. Procter tells me he got 4 /6 for Indian — it will be cheaper most surely when the going comes to be good." The letter was "Hond. by Mr. James Procter, Westford." Feb. 7, 1793, Mr. Chamberlin wrote again to Dr. Betteys: "The cloth of which I sent you a sample, was, I think 2 inches more than | yard. 21 yd would make a pair of breeches. Barley I find to be much lower than it was a while back — I think it will be a chance if you get more than 4/6. Red clover seed will not fetch so much here as you say they talk of there. I found one man who would give a pistareen [19.3 cents = 9| pence] if he could have it directly, that is the highest by the quantity. I can buy it by the single pound for 1/4 [1 shilling 4 pence] Mr Boiet told me he expects some hundreds of barrels by water in a few days. I have not sold any hops yet they are not in very good demand just now. some think will be by & bye. I have retailed the meal you sent by W — P — at 1/4 peck — it was sold this week for 4/6 bushel. The scarcety of money of late ha!s caused many to show there weak side, since last thirsday there has 6 shut up- — I heard of 3 more but can't assert it for truth, one of the 6 who failed owed one man, they say, 6000 Dollars or verry nigh. * * * 15th I can buy clover seed for 1/3 single pound— Nobody seems to want Barley nor hops — I understand hops may be bought for 7 d. lb. I rather think Barley vAW not fetch more than 4 /6." LIME. Artemas Parker was an expert in the lime industry. He burned the last kiln of lime in Chelmsford before the business was abandoned, about 1830. After Lowell was built, wood brought too large a price to be burned in lime kilns, and the lime works at Thomaston, Maine, came into competition. Wood was cheaper there and the lime was brought to Massachusetts markets in boats at less cost than it could be made here, though it was not of as good quality. The Chelmsford kilns were operated by the Fletchers and Perhams. George P. Mansfield's father, when a boy, was employed in this industry. In some old Chelmsford houses the plaster made of this lime is today ahnost as hard as tile. It is laid on expanded lath of oak or spruce. There were five lime kilns in Chelmsford. Chelmsford lime was carted with ox teams to East Chelmsford and used in the construction of mills and corporation buildings. SOME REMINISCENCES. Benjamin Gould Hosmer writing to Mr. Pcrham in 1905 says: "I was born on the Goold Estate in the year 1817 and was 13 years of age when my Father left the town and have been a stranger 448 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD since to the place of my birth. The old turnpike originally- passed the Goold homestead ; whether there is any mark to identify the old place, I know not. Our nearest neighbor toward the middle of the town was Andrew Parkhurst, who had a son Amos and a daughter Betsy; then next came the home of Henry Spaulding, who had a son Benjamin about my age, then his brother Joel and an elder brother Harry and I think there was a sister Mary; then on up the hill was the red school house, where Benjamin Spaulding and myself used to contend for the head of the class; then above the school was John Spaiilding's house, he who was nearly destroyed in blasting rocks; then on to the right hand road we came to the Whittemore farm; then Charley Richardson's farm; then Uncle Elijah Richardson's who had a son Elijah and Samuel. On the hill above the Whittemores lived the Duns; then past the Duns lived Isaiah Spaulding. The Parkhursts and Spauldings were very numerous in the town of Chelmsford. Then to go to the middle of the town was Dr. J. C. Dalton, our family physician; Captain Pitts, Mr. Byam, the Fletchers and Perhams, Caleb Abbot, merchant, who had two sons, Fletcher and Gardner who became a Judge. Then there was our old parish domine Wilkes Allen, who wrote the history of Chelmsford, a copy of which I still have. Then there was the old Reed's Tavern and Stevens, the blacksmith, who was also the general undertaker; then there was the old Academy where I think it was that Edward Everett gave a discourse one Sunday P. M., I may be in error about the name, but I was there and saw Mr. Reed pay him for his services on the morn after. Then there was Otis Adams who lived on the road to the pond in the South-west part of the town. On the road to Middlesex, our first neighbor was Captain Bowers, then came the Howards. Middlesex Village, at the head of the canal, the highway to Boston, was an enterprising locality for a series of years; Bent & Bush carried on a hat factory, a window glass factory was also in operation; Fairbanks, English & West India goods; Luke Merrill, English and West India goods. Then there was North Chelmsford, which was called Newfield." A little book, printed in 1904 for Mr. Charles H. Dalton, contains "A Wintersnight Tale" told on Christmas evening, 1903, to his family and their guests, assembled around the dinner table or in the drawing room at 33 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston; and it has so much in it that relates to past days in Chelmsford that most of it is here reproduced in slightly condensed form. The first Town Meeting of the Chelmsford settlement, in Middlesex County, was held September 22, 1654, more than two hundred and forty-nine years ago, at William Fletcher's house, there being no public town-house. My maternal ancestor, Edward Spaulding, married Margaret. His son John married Hannah. S. E. VIEW OF ST. MARY'S CHURCH, CHELMSFORD, ENGLAND A'o. 26 THE RIVER CHELMER, CHELMSFORD, ENGLAND THE LIFE OF LONG AGO 449 His son Edward married Priscilla, Governor Endicott officiating. His son Joseph married Elizabeth. His son Simeon married Sarah. His son Noah married Anne. Noah and Anne were my grandparents. These six generations of gentlemen were yeomen, living on and cultivating their own lands, while serving the town, colony, state and church in various public offices. My great-grandfather, Colonel Simeon, inherited lands from his father in 1728. When he was twenty-three years old, having fallen in love with Sarah, he married her, and that same year bought more land and soon built a house on it, where they lived the rest of their lives. This was our Chelmsford homestead, which my grandfather Noah [Spaulding] inherited. He, his daughter Julia, who was my mother, and myself were born in this house. It is about one hundred and sixty years old, and is still standing, a modest structure of two stories, the hewed posts and beams of the frame showing in the rooms. There are several ancient elms about the house, which must be nearly if not quite the same age, and I suppose Colonel Simeon planted them. My grandfather Noah was fond of having his grandchildren about him, so it was here that, after my father moved to his own house, I stayed a great deal in summers, and often in winters, during my early teens. It seemed to me the pleasantest of all possible places. I liked it better than going to school. Sixty-odd years ago life on a New England farm was very different from that of today, as were also the characters and qualities of the households. The farms, then, had usually de- scended through several generations of pure English stock, as you will have noticed by the names of the gentlemen and gentlewomen which I have mentioned in the opening of this story. In examin- ing the first town records of Chelmsford, I did not find a solitary name other than English. Furthermore, the "hired men," so called, were young Ameri- cans, who came down from New Hampshire and Vermont to work during the summer months. Their pay was fourteen to sixteen dollars a month, with board and lodging. They were generally young fellows of excellent character, w4th plenty of self-respect. They did not shirk their duties, but worked long hours, especially in haying and harvesting time. Much of my time was passed in their company, in riding the horse while they held the plow between the rows of potatoes and corn, and in the hay-field, and in turning the grindstone when they sharpened their scythes, a kind of labor which made me tired. Nearly all the food consumed by the household and animals was raised on the farm, and various industries, requiring no little knowledge and skill, were carried on to supply the domestic wants. 450 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Purchases of food were limited to such articles as tea, coffee, sugar, spirits, spices, etc. The products of the farm were hay, wheat, rye, oats, corn, buckwheat, potatoes, beans, the small vegetables, fruits and poultry. The pigs grew into hogs, were fattened on corn, killed and salted, the hams and bacon smoked, the lard tried out, the beef corned, cheeses, butter, soap and candles made, fruits were pre- served, and rose water made from the rose leaves, which I had to pick. The grain crops were reaped with the sickle, till a "cradle," so called, was substituted, — an efficient tool which required a stalwart man to swing, but it did great execution. Now it is as obsolete as the sickle. The grass was mowed with the scythe. The corn was husked by hand in the barn, sometimes in the evening by the dim light of two or three lanterns, followed by a simple supper. The ears were stored in bins and shelled by hand over the blade of a spade. The grain was threshed on the barn floor with flails. When required for grinding into meal it was winnowed, wind and weather being favorable, by spreading a sheet on the grass and potiring on it the grain from a peck measure held by a man at arm's length above his head, the wind blowing the dust and chaff away, just as the Phoenicians did and as the Egyptians do today. A wonderful hand winnowing machine was bought, which the neighbors came to see and admire, and the ancient picturesque way ceased. The grain was then bagged and taken to a little rickety grist mill, run by water from a brook some two miles the other side of the village, and ground into excellent meal, the miller taking his legal toll in payment for grinding. This was a full afternoon's job and I considered it "larks." The rude machinery seemed to me a wonderful creation of genius. There was a cider mill on the farm, worked by a horse, who went round in a circle, grinding our apples and those of the neighbors. During the autumn apple season the mill was busy all day and often well into the evening. I drove the horse, sitting on his back or in a chair fastened on the rig behind him. In the evening I was tied into the chair to prevent me from falling off if I went to sleep, which I generally did, but the horse did not know it, and would keep moving if I were there; or if he did stop, I woke up and started him along. About forty barrels of cider was the year's product of the farm; some was bottled, the bottles kept in sand in the cellar, and when opened the cider sparkled like this champagne which you have been drinking ; some was kept in wood for common use, and some turned into vinegar for making pickles. This was the beginning of my manufacturing experience. With all these varied products of the farm, the table was generously provided with the best of food. The kitchen fireplace was so large that I used to go into it, and, looking up the chimney, see the stars at night. [The stars might have been thus seen in day- THE LIFE OF LONG AGO 451 light as well as at night.] The meats were roasted in a tin kitchen in front of the fire, and the vegetables boiled in iron pots and kettles hung by chains on S-shaped hooks from a long iron crane. On the side of this fireplace there was a big brick oven, where on Saturdays a fire of fagots was kept burning till the bricks were thoroughly heated, when it was swept clean of ashes, and the bakings for the next week's consumption, pots of beans, Indian pudding, brown and white bread, pies, etc., put in, and the door shut tight. The bread and pies were taken out in the afternoon, but the beans and pudding remained inside till Sunday, when they were served hot. There was little or no cooking on Sunday, for my grandfather, though in his early manhood he had been Captain of Cavalry in the Seventh Regiment, Second Brigade, Third Division of the Militia of the Commonwealth, was then senior deacon of the church. Among the old-fashioned, blue-and- white china in common use were two large tureens, decorated with views of our beautiful State House on Beacon Hill, Boston, showing cows grazing on the Common in the foreground. Sometimes the entire menu, soup, meats and vegetables, were served in one or both of these generous tureens, followed, perhaps, by a pudding for dessert; and it was as good a dinner as you are having today, though not quite so elaborate. Wool was sheared from the few sheep kept, carded by hand- cards and spun in the house on the same old wheel now upstairs here. I recall distinctly the pleasant hum and buzz of this wheel in winter. The yarn was dyed a dark indigo blue, but not, I think, at the farm, and then sent to a little water mill at West Chelmsford, where it was woven with a strong cotton warp into an excellent fabric, called "farmer's f rocking," from which was made the long warm frocks which the men wore in their winter work. A seamstress, named Lucy Shed, whom we children called "Bimible Bee," for her stoutness, cut and sewed these and other garments for the household, she living in the house while so occupied. I had a small blue frock, which gave me more real satisfaction than any clothes I have ever had since. The stockings, mittens, gloves and neck comforters for the family were knit from this yarn, in the house. There was also a small wheel for spinning flax. There were always several hives of bees in the garden, which supplied ample store of honey, and this, I suppose, took the place of the white loaf sugar for some purposes. The West India soft brown sugar in common use was not attractive in appearance, and had a rummy flavor. When the bees swarmed it became a matter of much anxiety to secure them in a new hive. Sometimes the swarm, led by a revolutionary member, would try to secede, and rising in a body some fifteen feet in the air, would fly off with much humming, which would be heard at a considerable distance, in a bee line 452 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD for the woods, or some isolated trees. When this happened, we ran along in front of them, beating tin cans and throwing up sand, trying to turn them back or make them swarm again where they could be secured. I do not remember that we ever succeeded in doing so. When, as usual, the bees swarmed on a bush or on a rail, placed for the purpose near their old home, a skillful person could generally re-hive them without much risk. But occasionally the bees would become unruly and then angry, when those of us who were watching the progress of events would scatter to a safe distance. In the autumn a pair of steers or oxen, that had worked during the summer, were fatted and sent to Brighton to be sold. In the spring the young cattle and calves were branded. A responsible drover came along, collected such stock from the neighboring farms, and drove them, often quite a herd, over the highway to Vermont, to graze during the summer on the rich hill pastures. They were driven down again in the autumn to be raised or fatted for market, much as is practised in Switzerland nowadays. Our stock went to Stoddard. [N. H.] The direct highway from Boston to Concord, New Hampshire, called the Mammoth road, passed through the farm in front of the house. It was traversed by large wagons covered by white canvas, and drawn by teams of four or six horses. Going north these were filled with store-goods, bringing back farm produce in return. They usually passed our farm on Fridays. Sometimes there were several in a convoy, and in dry weather they raised great clouds of dust, from the poorly built road, which could be seen long before the teams came in sight, and after they had disappeared. On the tail-board of these wagons there was usually a hogs- head of New England rum, taken on from the Medford distillery as they came through that town. In those days rum was the only spirit in common use; it was cheap and potent, and an injury to the farming community. Perhaps the large quantities of salted meats consumed stimulated the craving for a "toddy" more cheering than the domestic hard cider. No coal was then used in the country. The wood for fuel was cut in the wood-lot some two miles up the Westford road, and hauled down on ox sleds, making a big pile in the dooryard; also a few logs to be sawed into boards for repairing the premises. I greatly prized these winter excursions into the snowy forest as a kind of arctic expedition. Some kinds of birds were much more numerous then than now, especially the common pigeon. Vast flocks of these game birds flew to the north in the spring, returning south in the autumn. "Pigeon stands," so called, were prepared in a wood or near its edge, away from any house, some twenty feet square, the brush cleared away, and grain scattered on the ground, which would attract the birds in large quantities. A net was so arranged on THE LIFE OF LONG AGO 453 poles on one side of the stand that pulHng a string when the birds were busy feeding, it woiild suddenly cover the space and imprison the game; and great numbers were caught in this simple way. Partridge in the woods and quail in the thickets along the stone walls were more common than nowadays. In the pasture behind the bams, where were many old hollow apple trees suitable for nests, turtle-doves, — a very beautiful bird, — wood-pigeons and woodpeckers abounded, and in the meadows beyond larks and bobolinks were plentiful. The hanging nests of the golden oriole were always pending from the great elms about the house. Chim- ney swallows built in the big kitchen chimney, the nests occa- sionally tumbling down on to the hearth, and the eaves of the barns were plastered inside and out with the clay nests of the swifts. At the time of a craze for raising silkworms from the leaves of the plant Moms Multicaulis, which industry promised a sure fortune, was bought a supply of plants and silkworm eggs. The plants were set out in the garden where raspberries and thimble- berries had formerly flourished. Benches were fitted up in the granary for the worms, which were duly hatched. Though the plants grew rapidly the worms did better still. More and more leaves were needed daily, while the plants supplied less and less. In this emergency, to avert a fatal disaster and the loss of a fortune, resource was had to a group of old mulberry trees on top of Robin's hill, two miles in front of the house, but four miles by road. Thither I was sent in a wagon day after day to pick the leaves. The squirrels were fond of the sweet mulberries, which were plentiful, and they became so used to seeing me up in the trees and beneath them, that they treated me in the most friendly way. By feeding the worms with these leaves they were saved alive until in due time they turned into beautiful yellow cocoons. These, when first baked to kill the chrysalis inside, were immersed in hot water, and the raw silk was reeled off and made into hanks for the market. I never heard what the financial result was, but as the experiment was not repeated, I think it turned out a failure. For myself I was not sorry, as I had had enough of leaf picking. After the death of my grandmother the housekeeper was Hannah Wilson, a Vermont young woman, with a bright com- plexion and red hair. She was very efficient and a good cook. One day in a paroxysm of house-cleaning she lighted upon a box of old papers in the garret and emptied them into the pig-yard, the general receptacle for rubbish. Happily my Uncle Philip discovered what she had done just in time to jump into the yard, disperse the pigs, who were already destroying the papers, and rescue many of them; but some were mined. Among those saved were civil and military commissions and semi-public documents, official and private correspondence, bundles of deeds nearly two hundred years old, and various valuable papers of dates before, during and after the Revolution, which are now arranged and preserved among the Family Records in my keeping. 454 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Among the commissions, for example, is one from "William Shirley, Esq., Captain General and Governor in Chief in and over His Majesty's Province in Massachusetts Bay in New England &c," appointing "Simeon Spaulding, Gentlemen, to be cornet of the first troop of horse," dated March 18, 1755. There is also one dated "In the 28th year of His Majesty King George the Second, Annoq. Domini 1755," and signed "W. Shirley." Another com- mission, twenty years later, — 1775, — appointing Simeon "to be one of our Justices to keep our peace," was signed by "Samuel Adams, Secy.," whose statue now stands in Adams Square, Boston. But shortly there was no peace to keep, for another com- mission, dated February 12, 1776, appointed Simeon "one of the Field officers of the Seventh Regiment in the sixteenth year of the Reign of George the Third &c." Two days later another commission appointed Simeon Colonel of the regiment. This last document is interesting as showing the printed heading, "George the Third, by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, France and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith &c.," crossed out, and having this title written above, "The Government and People of the Massachusetts Bay in New England," and at the bottom the date, "In the 15th year of his Majesty's Reign," crossed out, and the words, "In the year of our Lord, one thousand seven hundred and seventy-five," substituted. You will notice that these Rebels were using the King's stationery without his knowledge or consent, which was certainly wrong. These commissions are a good inheritance, and rank with those issued by Abraham Lincoln to my brothers John, Edward and Henry. The other important route from the sea to the back country was by the then famous Middlesex canal, which was opened for traffic just a century ago. It began at Middlesex Village, on the bank of the Merrimack river, some three miles from the farm, and ended at a basin in Haymarket square, Boston, — a distance of twenty-seven miles. The craft were long, narrow, fiat- bottomed scows, called "canal-boats," They were towed by horses and moved about three miles an hour, bringing down such bulky things as lumber, cord-wood, bricks, hay, etc., and carrying back store-goods. By means of several sets of locks on the river, this navigation reached Concord, New Hampshire, sixty-five miles from Boston. The canal cost half a million dollars, a large sum in those days. Besides these freight boats, there were "packet-boats," for passengers. I have been told that, some time in my first year, mxy mother made this voyage, taking me with her, when she went to visit Madame Dalton at her house, No. 82 Mt. Vernon street, Boston. If this is true — and I have no reason to doubt it — I probably enjoy the distinction of being the only living person who first arrived in Boston by a canal-boat. But I do not claim any great merit on this account. THE LIFE OF LONG AGO 465 When the Boston and Lowell railroad was opened, nearly seventy years ago, the value of the canal was destroyed. After- wards the Boston and Maine railroad built its station on the site of the canal basin in Hajmiarket square. Later still this station was moved back to Causeway street, where it is now, and ten years ago the Boston Transit Commission took this same site for a subway station. I mention these incidents as unique illustrations of the radical changes in the methods of transportation occurring at this spot during seventy years, as well as illustrating the progress which science has made; namely, the canal-boat, towed by horses; the trains of cars hauled by steam-engines and the electric car, with its source of power miles away, transmitted by an insignificant-looking copper wire. You young folks will doubtless live to see even greater changes, such as, for example, flying machines, to which I do not doubt you will contribute your full share. And I trust you will take your revenges on somebody by telling your stories, as a recompense for what you have so politely endured in listening to mine. MILITIA. The Militia trained in the spring of the year and in the fall was the Annual Muster, which was sometimes in Chelmsford and sometimes in neighboring towns. In Chelmsford the muster field was in the meadows at the centre of the Town, near where the Gun Club's house now stands. It was on one of these occasions, eighty-four years ago, when the men were all at the muster, that the buildings at the old Spaulding home were burned, with Joseph Spaulding's hat, which showed the effects of Putnam's sword at Bunker Hill. Muster days were great occasions. There were also muster fields at North Chelmsford and Middlesex Village. There is a rifle range at North Chelmsford. LOCAL TRADITIONS. Many local traditions tell of the things which amused the people of the long ago. Once when the Town chose a represen- tative to the General Court, some one moved that a committee of three be appointed to take him to Boston and show him the way to the State House. On another occasion some one who had a poor opinion of the deputy elected, moved that he should be instructed not to tell what town he came from. When Carlisle was set off from Chelmsford, one man on the border declared he would not be a citizen of the former place, and so the line was run to exclude his farm. The doctrinal discussions which prevailed a century ago furnished some amusing incidents. The minister, who was of the "liberal" type, was driving along the road one day, when he 456 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD noticed a farmer (who had observed his approach) stoutly be- laboring a dead hedgehog, or some such animal, with a club. "What are you doing?" inquired the Minister. "I am trying to prove to you that there is such a thing as punishment after death." After the Adams Library had been established, the Unitarian Minister was called to visit an old man who lived in the past and remembered his youthful reading, and who wished to give quite a sum of money to buy books for the library. He wanted the Minister to go with him to Lowell and make the purchase there. The Minister told him it would be better to give the money to the Trustees and let the purchasing committee make the selection. "Well," said the old man, "I hope they won't buy any of them hell and damnation books they used to have around here." Some strange characters in this vicinity reheved no doubt the even monotony of country life; the man who vowed never to trim hair or beard and who kept his vow; the mentally-kinked man who always walked backwards and never forwards; the man who wore the light brown coat which belonged apparently to his great-great-grandfather, made of the best English cloth, which would never wear out, cut in the fashion of more than a century ago, with tight waist, long shirts and big flat brass buttons. SOCIAL LIFE. There always was a genuine, hearty, social life in Chelmsford. The early recreations were corn huskings, trainings of the militia, ordinations, house raisings, sleighing parties, and dancing, which the minister winked at, because he coiild not stop it. Practical jokes were a common amusement. A man, after spending an evening at the tavern, might, with difficulty, get into his chaise in the dark, and find his horse apparently backing when told to go forward, some wicked boys having hitched him into the thills with his head where his tail ought to be. On a cold winter night the boys stuffed the schoolhouse chimney with hay, and poured water down upon it, which froze solid, so that it was impossible to have a fire the next morning. The first thing a new schoolmaster had to do was to show himself master of the biggest boys, which, sometimes, required a knock-down blow, resulting in universal respect for the school- master. In such a tussle, one poor man had his long hair rubbed full of burrs. Parson Bridge, when courting his second wife, the Widow Abbott, in taking a short cut to her house, "the Ark," had to cross a plank over the brook. One evening it broke, and let him into the water, the boys having sawed it nearly in two in the middle. The corn huskings and sewing bees, which were ways of combining useful occupation with pleasure, were common. Dancing schools and parties were conducted in a polite and genteel manner. THE LIFE OF LONG AGO 457 The following announcement of a dancing school will be of interest. Chelmsford January 15th, 1816 A school will be opened at the Hall of Ezra Blodgets. this evening at 6 oClock by Mr Robbins. to Instruct in the polite accomplishment of Dancing. Terms three dollars fifty cents per quarter last six weeks half price. Ladies — Clarisa Howard, Lucretia Varnum, Hannah Adams, Sally Colburn, Sally Sherborm, Irena Bowers, Louisa Butterfield, Edna Varnum, Sarah Wood, Abagail Spalding. Gentlemen — Charles Howard, John Spalding, Parker Varnum, Jr., Saml. Penst [prob. Priest], John F Adams, John Hunt, Henry Blodget, James Hayl, Anthony Hilben, John Hirsck, Thomas A Adams, Benjamin Adams, James Coburn, Ebn. Adams, Capt Adams, Capt J Bowers, Samuel Wood, John Butterfield, Major N. Howard, Parker Varnum, Jeremiah Varnum, [G.] Blodgett, George Hunting, Varnum Spalding, James Varnum, Charles Melvin, Ezra Blodgett, Benja Pierce, Alex Wright, Chase, William Adams, Lewis Sticklemire, Otis Howard, William Spaulding, Charles Blood, Aron P. Richerson The following ticket and invitations are samples of those formerly used here: Social Ball Admit Mr. S. Parker, Jr. N. Spalding At Pawtucket Hall in Chelmsford on Wednesday evening, Jan. 22, 1817. ***Dancing to commence at 5 o'clock P. Bradley ] J. Bowers. \ Managers C. Howard. J Concord, Mass. Printed by Joseph T. Peters. Dr. Peleg Bradley of Dracut, a noted physician, owned a Hall in Dracut where a Thanksgiving ball was given Dec. 5, 1817. And here is an invitation to a fashionable ball: Sleigh Ride and Ball. The Company of and Lady is solicited to attend a sleigh ride and ball, at W. Reed's, Chelmsford, on Tuesday, 3rd of January, 1832, at 9 o'clock, A. M. Jepthah Parker, | Charles Johnson, [ Managers. Solomon Parkhurst, J I&"Dancing to commence at 5 o'clock, P. M. 458 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Social Ball Sir:— Your company with a Lady, is respectfully solicited to attend a Ball at Joseph Reed's Hall in Chelmsford, on Wednesday Evening, December 21, 1842. Kittredge. Piper. \ Musicians. Chandler, Charles Sweetser, ") Franklin M. Hills, j- Managers. Wm. M. Spalding, J li^Dancing to commence at 6 o'clock, P. M. EAST CHELMSFORD LITERARY SOCIETY. Various organizations have helped to further the intellectual life of the Town. In East Chebnsford, for instance, in December, 1875, a literary society was formed. S. L. Blood, Henry Martin and R. Wilson Dix were the originators, the latter being secretary. It was enjoyed by the whole neighborhood, and by people from a distance. The "East Chelmsford Advance" received contributions from the members, and was read at the weekly meetings, which continued for four or five years. As a rule, such village organizations are not long-lived, when proximity to the city affords a varied round of entertainments, theatres and lectures. THE CHELMSFORD LITERARY UNION. The first meeting was held at the home of Mr. Bates, Central Hotel, on September 30, 1887. The Rev. Mr. Chase and Mrs. C. E. A. Bartlett were the prime movers in the organization, and held the offices of president and secretary. Taine's History of English Literature occupied their attention for the first season. The fortnightly meetings were held alternately in the Unitarian and Baptist vestries and then in private parlors. The early members were: Rev. J. A. Chase, Mrs. C. E. A. Bartlett, A. H. Davis, Alfred B. Paasche, A. Heady Park, Sarah L. Putnam, Ada F. L. Chase, Susie M. Emerson, Addie E. Emerson, Olive C. Hunt, Hannah C. Hunt, Anna Eliza Hunt, Nellie S. Ward, Mrs. Emma L. Bussell, Mr. and Mrs. Henry S. Perham, Mr. and Mrs. E. H. Warren, C. H. Bates, Mrs. A. P. Perham, Mrs. J. W. Perham, Abbie F. Crosby, Dr. Amasa Howard, John Byfield, Helen F. Morton, Laura L. Butterfield, Rev. N. C. Saunders, Amy Marshall, Dr. Chamberlain, George A. Parkhurst, E. F. De Normandie, Hortense Parkhurst, Marietta Parkhurst, Malvina Hodgman, Martha E. Dadmun, Susie McFarhn, J. A. Bartlett, Mr. PoUey, Miss Worthen. Others were added from time to time. A number of ministers and school teachers have been prominent in the work of the union. Rev. Mr. Pierce followed Mr. Chase as president and Mrs. Bartlett was succeeded by Mr. H. S. Perham as secretary for a THE LIFE OF LONG AGO 459 time. A. H. Davis, and Abbie F. Crosby also filled that office. Since 1899 the Rev. Wilson Waters has been president, and Mrs. E. R. Clark has been secretary since 1902. During the winters of 1898-9 and 1900 a series of free lectures was given in the Town hall under the auspices of the Union, the expense being met by contributions. The speakers included the Hon. Geo. S. Boutwell, Rev. Samuel Eliot, John Baker, Prof. Barton, Edwin D. Mead. For some years the Union has held its meetings in the Adams Library. Several organizations furnished wholesome amusement as well as intellectual exercise for the people at the Centre Village. One of these was known as "Onesimus Bildam"; then came, about 1850, the "Old Line Thespians." Some of the active members of these were E. K. and George Parkhurst, Clorinda Hodgman, Jane H. Manning (Mrs. Short), Julia E. Manning (Mrs. Warren), Malvina Hodgman, Sewall Byam, Mrs. Sarah Emerson, Abbie F. Crosby, George H. Bartlett, J. A. Bartlett, Mrs. Buzzell, Bradford Emerson. The "Chelmsford Coons" for many seasons supplied this and neighboring towns with the best minstrel entertainments, and became quite famous as fun makers. Among the members of this organization were Albert Perham, Charles Nichols, J. A. Bartlett. Several bands and orchestras in different parts of the Town have at different times attained considerable excellence and have contributed to various occasions when their music has been very welcome. The Training School band at North Chelmsford is an efficient band which is frequently called on for entertainments. The Boy Scouts have a flourishing organization at the North Village. THE v. I. A, On Monday evening, November 15, 1875, in the Town hall was organized the Village Improvement Association, with J. A. Bartlett, chairman, and H. S. Perham, secretary. E. K. Parkhurst and Dr. J. C. Bartlett addressed the meeting, and committees were appointed. On November 22nd, a constitution was adopted. The purpose of the organization was the general improvement and lighting of the Centre Village streets and public squares, and to promote the general interests of the community. The first officers were: President, Dr. J. C. Bartlett; Vice President, E. K. Parkhurst; Secretary, E. H. Warren; Treasurer, George A. Park- hurst. Executive Committee: N. F. Libby, David A. Bussell, Rev. B. F. Cooley, Mrs. David A. Bussell, Mrs. N. P. Dadmun. This association has done a great deal to improve the appearance of the village. The present officers are: President, Ralph P. Adams; Vice President, Royal P. Dutton; Secretary, Mrs. W. H. Hall; Treasurer, Joseph E. Warren. 460 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD In 1876, 1877 and 1883 they printed each year a number of the Chelmsford Eagle. H. S. Perham, Rev. E. Fitz Gerald and Rev. B. F. Cooley were the editors in 1876. H. S. Perham alone edited the last, and E. H. Warren was associated with him in editing the second nimiber. Considerable matter of historic and practical interest to the Town was printed in them. Similar organizations have done good work in other villages. THE DOCTOR. Extracts from Hippocrates' Aphorisms. Sect. II, Aphorism 20. An experienced Physician should not as soon as he enters go instantly to Fiel ye Patients Pulse but let him first set Down with a chearful Countenance & ask him How he finds Himself lest & if he finds he is under aney Fears or uneasey Aperey Hinsions let him endeavor to hearten him by some seansible story & then he may Proceed to fiele ye Patients Pulse. Expl. To render ye Patients mind chearfull is half ye Cure Especially in Weomen. &c &c Life is Short & the art is long, occasion sudden, to make experiments dangerous, judgment difficult. Neither is it sufficient that the Physician do his office unless the Patient & his Attendants do their duty and Externals are likewise well ordered. These quotations are from a book, whose varied ownership is indicated in the following names. It is among the Robbins papers : Crown Point Sept. 23d. 1760 Joseph Ballard's Book Abiel Abbot His Book John Betteys' Book These recipes will interest the curious reader, and perhaps reconcile him to living in the present rather than in the good old days. "A vomit is best in ye increase of the Moon; Because the Humours tend more Upwards; & a purge is best in the Decreas of the moon Because the Humours tend more Downwards." For Canker. Pl Bull paddocks or frogs with fresh butter: simer them close coverd. to a crisp, then strane for use. Dr. J. Kittridge had numerous recipes: for gunshot wounds — green wounds ; for the bite of a dog ; A medicine for young women yt are weakly and pail. A most Certain Medicen to Cure the Hearing — take a Large Silver Eeale take out his Guts and pound as much onions as will fill his Belly full and sew it fast together and tye a Line to his tail and hang it Down to a moderate fire and keep it turning till the oyl is well Rosted out then put it into a vial well stoped Drop 2 or 3 Drops in the Ear and mind to keep the Ear well stoped with Black wool — and Repet it once in a Day for some time and be very Carfull of Cold. THE LIFE OF LONG AGO 461 A Recept for the fever and Ago. R: Cortis Calibeat and Radis serpenturia and 5i give 2 or 3 att aDose 2 or 3 times a Day when the fit is off. Col. [Wm.] Brattil of Cambridge The best Remed. for Lame & num Limbs is — oyl wherein Frodgs have been Boyld till their flesh is com of their Sons. For old dry sores a remedy was made of hog's fat, bee's wax, rosin, turpentine, deer's tallow, "boyl them over a gentle fire" and add red lead or sumach. From Nehemiah Abbot— His Book. 1739. For sinews that are Srunk take young swallows by Number Twelve with a hanful of Roosmery tops. Bay Leaves, Lavender tops, Strabery Leaves. Cut of the Long feathers and put all together birds and herbs into a morter and pound them, then mix three pound of hodg's fat with it, set it in the sun Twenty or thirty days and then take it and boy[l] it and strain it out and keep it for your vse. This is an excelent olm and ought alway to be ready because it is so long in the preparation that you should always have it in readness. For an old joynt Desese. Make a Bath with emmets and there egs — will quickly cure them. A Drink for wounded men was made of Crabs from the River beaten into fine powder with various roots, boyl ym in a linen cloth in 3 pints of ale, and Perwinkels — the herb not ye fish. This is one of the best drinks I know of in the world. Another book is dated 1740, and entitled "Liber de Remediorum Recolecttis de Medecm." 1740 To ease pain &c. R : oyl of Lillies or violets four pound, boyl it in two whelps newly whelped until the flesh com of the bones then put unto them earth worms lb. 1. boyl then again and strain them out put to them the oyl: venice turpentine 5 iiii. spirits of wine 5.i. mix them acording to art and keep them for your use, it is one of the finest oyls that I know of all most in the world. In 1825, in the Chelmsford Courier, is advertised: "Bateman's ointment, a safe and certain cure for the itch." The itch seems to have been prevalent in 1778. 1778. Dracot Mr Willard Cobron to John Betteys, Dr. £S. d Oct. 19. to oyntment to cure ten Pursons of the Itch. 1.17.6 There were numerous other similar items in that year. "That Contajos Distempr. viz. the Small pox" also was brought here by returning Revolutionary Soldiers. Dr. Marshall lost his wife and two children by it. 462 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD AGREEMENT. Chelmsford, Febuwarey 3rd, 1777. Minits of the proposols that Doctr. Marshall made to me Before I Came to Study physick with him. The payment yt. the Doctr. Sade he wold take is 13 Bushels of Grain for Each Year and as much meet as we Shall Agree for: for he Sath he has forgot how much meet the Rule is to Support a man a year, and he Sath that I may Labor in tending the Cattle and other Labor a Nuf to pay him for Cucking my Board and washing and other Necesseries that are not above mentiond. and I am to Live With the Doctr. two years to Lame the art of physick & Surgerey and ye. Doctr. promeses he will Instruct me in Art of physick & Surgerey as far as he is Capable of Giving instructions & I of Receaving the same, and he promeses me he will Give me all his Recepts on physick and Surgerey of all Kinds, Except one on Cancors, and he Said he wold Give that if I was of Considarable Sarvice to him in his practice, and the Doctor promest me he wold not Charg me Nothing for Larning me ondly what I Culd Do in his practice that is If I was Benifishal to him in his practice and the Doctr. promest me that if I was helpfull to him in the Smallpox that he wold alow me for that practice Exclusive of the other practice, and he promest me that he wold Favor me as much as he Culd and let me have all the priveledge that he Culd not to Ingor him, and I promest the Doctr. I wold Labor for him Sufisiantly anuf to pay him for my Cucking washing and other Necessereys that are not above mentioned and if I Neglect to Labor for him anuf to pay him for Such Necesereys: as are not named above I must pay him in money orther way what I Shall Neglect to pay in Labor and if I Labor for the Doctr. more than anuf to pay him for my Cucking and washing & other Neceserey, he is to pay me for it. John Betteys. Here are a few items from the account book of Dr. Betteys in 1780: £.s. d. To Bleeding Jacob 0. 0.6 Pulling a tooth 0. 0.4 Replaising a dislocated joint 0.18.0 travel 3 miles 0. 1.6 Wildor Richardson must have been well to do, for Dr. Betteys charges him 45 shillings for 2^ miles' travel and medicines ac- cordingly. Dr. Betteys often received his pay in other things than money — labor, spinning, one day's reaping, 4 cheir bottoms, 13 bushels of corn, knitting, one brume. THE LIFE OF LONG AGO 463 A hand bill brings to public notice : The Genuine Liquid Opodeldoc or Rheumatic Ointment Faithfully Prepared and Sold by Ezekiel Byam, Chelmsford, Mass. on Favorable Terms. Samuel Chamberlain advertised his "Patent Bilious Cordial, a vegetable compound, gentle and innocent." November 12, 1778. Rec'd of Mr. Oliver Farror nine pounds lawful money for doctoring his son and attending him when sick with the small pox, and I returned the whole to Doctor Marshall. John Betteys. The following item relates to an old Chelmsford physician: "Dr. Nehemiah Abbot Amos Lawrence (b. 1716, d. 1785) married Abigail Abbot, and one of their four sons was Deacon Samuel Lawrence; and hence later the surname was brought into the family as a given name. Deacon Lawrence, the executor of the estate advertised below, was a nephew of Dr. Nehemiah Abbot, who died on July 13, 1785, without children. He had a son born on December 16, 1792, whom he named "Abbott"; and this son afterward became some- what noted in various ways. By order of the Court of Common Pleas for the county of Middlesex, Will be sold at Public Vendue, on Monday, the 10th day of January next, at two o'clock, P. M. at the House of OLIVER BARRON, Esq. Innholder in Chelmsford, in said county, Two-thirds of the Real Estate of NEHEMIAH ABBOT, late of Chelmesford, Physician, deceased, lying near the Meeting-House in said town, for the payment of the debts of said deceased, and charges of sale. The conditions of sale may be seen at the time and place aforesaid, or by applying in Groton, to SAMUEL LAWRANCE, Executor. Groton, December 6, 1790. — 'Independent Chronicle; and the Universal Advertiser' (Boston), December 23, 1790." [Groton during the Rev., p. 221.] AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES. Agriculture has been the occupation of a majority of the population, and different movements have been made for its advancement. Probably the first agricultural society in the United States was formed in Philadelphia in 1785. The first agricultural society incorporated in Massachusetts was "The Massachusetts Society for Promoting Agriculture," March 7, 1792. On January 6, 1794, a society was organized in Chelmsford for 464 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD the "promotion of useful improvements in agriculture." This was made up of men living in the western part of Middlesex county. February 28. 1803, it was incorporated as "The Western Society of Middlesex Husbandmen," the first president being the Hon. Ebenezer Bridge of Chelmsford. The annual meetings were held alternately at Westford, Littleton and Groton. This society was later merged in the Middlesex North Agricultural Society. In 1819 the name was changed to "The Society of Middlesex Husbandmen and Manufacturers," and in 1852, to "The Middlesex Agricultural Society." About 1850 the Chelmsford Farmers and Mechanics Asso- ciation was formed. Wednesday, Sept. 29, 1852, the third exhibition of the Association was held. Dr. J. C. Bartlett was president; Capt. Asa Hodgman, vice-president; E. H. Warren, secretary; and Joseph Reed, treasurer. The cattle shows and all that went with them made these exhibitions great events in the rural communities. Of late years the organization known as the Grange has been active in promoting, especially, the social side of country life. ODD INTERJECTIONS. We no longer hear such exclamations as "Do tell!" "Why, how you do talk!" "Dear me, suz!" "The quaint and disappearing Yankee locution 'I want to know!' means not so much inquiry as sjonpathy and admiration for another's mental processes." In the old days when people had too little to divert their minds, they were eager to hear any news or entertaining tale, and seemed sometimes to try to work themselves up into a state of excitement over trivial matters. The monotony of farm life a century ago was a very severe test of mental poise. The lack of amusements for young people in the prerevolutionary period sometimes turned them into wrong avenues of entertainment, and as Rev. J. A. Chase, in his little pamphlet remarks, in Mr. Bridges' time there were many cases of church discipline. In those days everything was brought before the church. Open confession must be made. Leaves from an old diary kept in a Chelmsford farm house give such records as these: Tuesday — Olive made a cheese. Wednesday — Thomas went to the village to purchase some groceries. Thursday — John killed a pig. Such were the chief events of many a dreary week. No wonder that young people sometimes followed the line of least resistance in seeking relief from an austere and rigid life. The following action of the Town shows an attempt to remedy matters. UNITARIAN CHURCH, CIIKLMSFORD CENTRE .Vo. jy ALL saints' episcopal CHURCH, CHELMSFORD CENTRE THE LIFE OF LONG AGO 465 1775 March 6. The Town chose a Committee consisting of the Selectmen and fifteen others to deal with idle and disorderly persons, and Voted that the said Committee make enquiry and get the best information that may be of all Idle & Disorderly persons in sd Town such as waste their time & substance at publick or private houses or any other place or places in sd Town, at any unlawful gaming, excessive drinking, quarreling or frolick- ing, or such as may be known to be frequent at horse racing, or any that use profane Cursing or swearing, sabbath -breaking, or any other unlawful & unbecoming behaviour: that the said Committee take the earliest opportunity to discourse with such persons and use the utmost of their endeavours to convince them of their folly and danger, and if any persons are known to the sd. Committee to continue in any such wicked practices, to shun the company of such offenders as much as may be consisting with good reason and justice, leave dealing with them or to entertain any such persons in any of their houses by night or by day saving when in some honest & lawful employment. To manifest a dislike to their conduct, and bear testimony against their vicious practices, and look upon them as disturbers of the peace and good order amongst us, and that any of the Inhabitants of this Town that shall entertain any such person in any of their houses unemployed when able to labour, such persons will procure to themselves the displeasure of this Town and shall be dealt with as offenders, and that the said Committee shall put out such idle and disorderly persons and see that they are employed in some lawful calling, or inflict such punishment on such offenders as the nature of their crime may require. And that the said Town will aid, assist and support and defend the said Committee in proceeding with such offenders as a fore said. CHANGES IN THE LIFE OF THE TOWN. In Virginia, local self-government was developed in the county system; in New England, the town system prevailed, owing to various causes, natural, industrial and financial. The town meeting has been called the most perfect local democracy that the world has ever seen. The Town originally had more governmental powers than it now has. Some it relinquished to the County and some to the State. Judicial functions were passed up to higher tribunals than the commissioners or board of selectmen. The Town militia had large independence, electing their own officers. The conditions of the early days made this necessary. The early land titles were given by the Town to whom it saw fit. Religious affairs were settled in town meeting. Religion was supported and largely controlled by the Town, until about a century ago, when this was given into the hands of voluntary societies, which were formed on sectarian lines, and by dividing 466 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD the religious life of the community, weakened it and marred its moral effect, as well as the unity of civic sentiment and activity. The spreading out of families from the central life of the village to settle on the more distant farms, the development of five distinct villages, and the dividing of the Town into school districts, no doubt weakened the sense of unity, and made sectional antagonism possible. The modern trend to the city has taken from the Towm much of its virile strength, its brain and brawn, and village life has been impoverished by urban competition in commercial, educational, social and ecclesiastical activities. The character of country life has changed with its conditions. The homes of the interesting old traditions are transformed by a new order of things. The isolated farm has an enlarged environ- ment. The moulding influences are those of the world at large instead of the immediate neighborhood. In the old days, there was little travel and few avenues by which the news of the world could approach. The intellectual and religious life was com- paratively circumscribed. Seventy-five years ago there was a daily mail brought from Lowell, when the stage-man did not forget it. Now, numerous mail trains pass daily through the Town; the rural delivery leaves the mail at every door ; the telegraph and telephone, the trolley car and daily paper inform the most remote of what the world is doing. The farmer is a citizen of the world instead of being limited to the interests of his native place. • The incandescent bulb in his home is but the symbol of a larger enlightenment, and the drudgery of other days is relieved by music, even if it be a graphophone, or by books and periodicals from the public library. And as travel by trolley and automobile increases over the well-constructed roads they have been instru- mental in building, the rural population being under closer and more constant observation, is prompted to take more pride in well ordered surroundings. The consolidating and grading of the schools, and transporting the children to central buildings, while these may have defects in practice, yet tend to strengthen the feeling of unity among the rising generation, as well as to increase the efficiency of the school system. Easy access to the city has been not entirely dis- advantageous. The returning villagers have brought back much to increase the happiness and comfort of the rural home; and often the wealth of the city seeks a quiet home in the country town, and gratefully bestows benevolent institutions in its midst. These and other considerations lead to the opinion that the rural community has an important part to play in the future of the State and Nation. The New England home of the earlier days, barren as it might seem of most things which are prized today, had some important elements of high character. There was, to use the well-worn phrase, plain living and high thinking. There was I I THE LIFE OF LONG AGO 467 respect for authority, children obeyed their parents, there was thrift and self-denial. The religious influence of the old days was austere, but there is no doubt that it made strong character. For more than two centuries, such homes trained the men and women who have been largely the leaders of the best activities in American life all over the country. They have gone into every state, and into every walk in life. One of the serious problems of today is how to restore or preserve the home life with its whole- some influence in moulding the characters of those who are soon to take their part in the affairs of Town and State and Nation. Some of the strongest and pleasantest impressions of the writer's boyhood days are those received at the homestead of his maternal ancestors, where, for seven generations, the family of General Ward have lived among scenes and traditions of historic times. The dignity, solemn and severe, of the white meeting- house on the hill, the hush of the Sabbath-day, even in that quiet village, and the reverence for all sacred things, are features of that old religious life which Christians may well remember today. This was in Shrewsbury, the home of Elnathan and Lydia Pratt Allen, parents of Wilkes Allen, the minister of Chelmsford, and it was Dr. Joseph Sumner, of Shrewsbury, who preached Mr. Allen's ordination sermon in this Town. Dr. Sumner stood six feet four, a grave and dignified man, who filled the young with awe; a child who saw him approaching the house, ran in, fright- ened, and told his mother that God was coming. CHAPTER IX. TERRITORIAL LIMITS. BRIDGES, CANALS, STEAMBOATS, RAILROADS. "MriOWNS * * * became in effect municipal or quasi jL corporations, without any formal act of incorporation." [122 Mass., p. 349.] August 23, 1775. "Every incorporated district 'shall hence- forth be, and shall be holden, taken, and intended to be, a town to all intents and purposes whatsoever.' " [Prov. Laws, Vol. V, p. 420.] March 23, 1786. "The inhabitants of every town within this government are hereby declared to be a body politic and corporate." [Acts, 1785, Chap. 75.] Nov. 4, 1835. "All places now incorporated as districts, except the district of Marshpee, in the county of Barnstable, shall have all the powers and privileges, and be subject to all the duties to which towns are entitled by the provisions of this chapter." [R. S., Chap. 15, Sec. 9.] Chelmsford was incorporated May 29*, 1655. Common land. May 14,* 1656 land granted to Chelmsford. May 31,* 1660 bounds between Chelmsford and the Indian plantation at Patucket established. June 27,* 1701 bounds between Chelmsford and Billerica established. Nov. 23,* 1725 part annexed to Littleton. June 13,* 1726 "Wameset" annexed. Sept. 23,* 1729 part established as Westford. April 24, 1755 part annexed to Dunstable. April 28, 1780 part included in the second district of Carlisle. Mar. 1, 1783 part of the second district of Carlisle annexed. Mar. 1, 1826 part established as Lowell. Feb. 17, 1865 part annexed to Carlisle and bounds established. May 18, 1874 part annexed to Lowell. June 23, 1874 act of May 18, 1874 accepted by Lowell. Aug. 1, 1874 the act took effect. [Manual for the General Court.] A valuable article on the early land titles of this region, by Martin L. Hamblet, will be found in the Courier-Citizen History of Lowell, page 73. * Old style. This foot-note is retained from the Manual for the General Court. TERRITORIAL LIMITS 469 CHELMSFORD BOUNDARIES. From the Atlas of the Harbor and Land Commission. Chehnsford was incorporated as a plantation May 29, 1655, and was first mentioned as a town May 14, 1656. It did not originally bound on the Merrimac river, its northeasterly corner being one mile distant therefrom in what is now the city of Lowell, south of the Pawtucket canal. It was bounded on the east by the Indian land known as Pawtucket, after 1686 called Wameset, as far south as "Patuxet stake" on the Concord river (now Billerica-Chelmsford 1); southeasterly by the line of Billerica, which was incorporated on the same date; southwesterly by the Indian lands called "Tadmuck" or "Zadmuck" (now the westerly part of Westford) ; and northwesterly by common, unoccupied lands and John Sagamore's plantation. On May 14, 1656, on petition of the inhabitants of Chelms- ford and Rev. Mr. Eliot, representing the Indian lands, this territory was extended northerly to the Merrimac river, one mile at its northeasterly corner, and three miles at its southwesterly corner, and westerly to the Groton line. This three-mile extension appears to move the northerly boundary as far as the present south line of Tyngsborough, although a strip of land about one and one-half miles wide and situated north of this line was settled and owned by Col. John Tyng of Chelmsford, making the northerly boundary of Chelmsford very nearly coincide with the southerly boundary of Dunstable. No record has been found, however, of this grant to John Tyng. On April 24, 1755, the farms of Col. John Tyng, John Alford Tyng and Willard Hall, Junr., were set off from Chelmsford to Dunstable. A small part of Chelmsford, including the estate of David Parker, was set off to Carlisle as incorporated, April 28, 1780. A portion of this area was set back to Chelmsford, March 1, 1783, but was re-annexed to Carlisle, February 17, 1865. On September 23, 1729, the west precinct of Chelmsford was incorporated as Westford. On March 1, 1826, the northeasterly part, bounding on the Merrimac and Concord rivers, was incorporated as the town of Lowell. Another portion was set off to Lowell, May 18, 1874; this act was accepted by the city of Lowell, June 23, and took effect, August 1 of the same year. LINE BETWEEN THE TOWNS OF CHELMSFORD AND BILLERICA. Beginning at the corner of Billerica, Chelmsford and Lowell, a point in the middle of Concord river, north 58°, 01' west, and about 225 feet distant from the witness mark, a granite monument marked B T and standing in bushes 18 feet east of the bank of 470 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD the river; thence southerly along the middle of Concord river to corner 1, a point in the middle of the river; thence south 32°, 18' west about 125 feet to the witness mark, a granite monu- ment marked B C and situated in cultivated meadow 25 feet west of the bank of the river, on land of Charles Judge, about 1,500 feet east of the Boston & Lowell road; thence in the same direction 19,180 feet to the corner of Billerica, Carlisle and Chelms- ford, a rough granite monument, triangular in section, marked B C and situated in low land 16 feet east of an angle in a wall at the southeasterly corner of a woodlot, about 1-2 mile southwest of the Billerica-Chelmsford road. Chelmsjord-Billerica Line. The northerly portion, following the Concord river, was established on May 29, 1655, when Billerica and Chelmsford were incorporated, but was not definitely described, being a part of the westerly boundary of the plantation known as "Shawshin." It is shown on an early plan of Chelms- ford — 1656 — Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 112, page 81. The remainder of the line was defined June 27, 1701. LINE BETWEEN THE TOWN OF CHELMSFORD AND THE CITY OF LOWELL. Beginning at the corner of Billerica, Chelmsford and Lowell, a point in the middle of Concord river, north 58°, 01' west and about 225 feet distant from the witness mark, a granite monument marked B T and standing in bushes 18 feet east of the bank of the river; thence northerly along the middle of the river about 700 feet to corner 1, a point in the middle of the river; thence south 86°, 17' west about 200 feet to the witness mark, a granite monument marked C L and situated 15 feet west of the high- water line of the river, in open, cultivated meadow about 1,600 feet east of Gorham street; thence in the same direction 8,343 feet to comer 2, a rough granite monument marked C L and situated in cultivated land about 140 feet southeast of the line of Chelmsford street; thence north 46°, 55' west 329 feet to comer 3, a rough granite monmnent marked C L and situated 9 feet northeast of the bank of the old Middlesex canal, and about 125 feet northwest of the line of Chelmsford street; thence north 62°, 02' west 9,481 feet to corner 4, a granite montiment marked C L and situated on the southeasterly side of Westford street at its junction with the Chelmsford road, then north 16°, 52' west 4,126 feet to corner 5 witness mark, a granite monu- ment marked C L and situated about 12 feet south of the south bank of Merrimac river, and 26.4 feet north of the northerly rail of the double tracks of the Boston & Maine railroad; thence in the same direction about 400 feet to the true corner, a point in the middle of Merrimac river; thence westerly and northerly along the middle of the river to the corner of Chelmsford, Lowell and Tyngsborough, an unmarked point in the middle of the river opposite the mouth of Scarlet brook (old location). TERRITORIAL LIMITS 471 Chelmsford-Lowell Line. The westerly portion of this line, following the Merrimac river, is defined by chapter 240 of the Acts of 1874. The portion between comer 2 and comer 5 was established by chapter 241 of the Acts of 1874, and the portion between corner 2 and the comer of Billerica, Chelmsford and Lowell was established by chapter 112 of the Acts of 1826, incorpor- ating Lowell; the remainder of the line, following Concord river, was a portion of the original westerly boundary of Shawshin and the easterly boundary of the Indian lands, known as Pawtucket, or Wameset. LINE BETWEEN THE TOWNS OF CHELMSFORD AND TYNGSBOROUGH. Beginning at the corner of Chelmsford, Lowell and Tyngs- borough, an unmarked point in the middle of Merrimac river, opposite the mouth of Scarlet brook (old location) ; thence westerly and northerly along the middle of Merrimac river to corner 1, a point in the middle of the river, opposite the witness mark on the westerly bank; thence south 68°, 49' west about 310 feet to the witness mark, a rough granite monument marked C T and situated on the westerly bank of the river 15 feet from the water's edge, on the northerly side of a wire fence; thence in the same direction 598 feet to corner 2, a rough granite monument marked C T and situated 1.6 feet east of the wall on the westerly side of a road opposite the house of Frank Mallory; thence southerly along the westerly side of the road about 2,465 feet to corner 3, a rough granite monument marked C T and situated on the westerly side of the road, about 150 feet north of its junction with the Lowell and Dunstable road; thence south 37°, 41' west 252 feet to comer 4, a rough granite monument marked C T and situated 22 feet south of the end of a wall at the westerly edge of young pines, and about 145 feet from the roadstone on the southerly side of the Lowell and Dunstable road; thence north 57°. 35' west 1,240 feet to comer 5, a rough granite monument marked CT and situated 1.5 feet southwest of the wall on the northeasterly side of the Lowell and Dunstable road, nearly opposite Alfred Trubey's house; thence north 29°, 18' west 683 feet to comer 6, a rough granite monument marked C T (sidewise) and situated in a wall on the southerly slope of a hill, at the northerly edge of a cultivated field belonging to George Worden; thence south 74°, 09' west 359 feet to comer 7, a granite monument marked C T and situated in an open field, about 150 feet northeast of George Worden 's house; thence north 78°, 51' west 1,222 feet to corner 8, a rough granite monument marked T C and situated on the southwesterly side of Lowell and Dunstable road ; thence south 63°, 36' west 665 feet to corner 9, a rough granite monument marked T C and situated at the easterly edge of the root of a twin maple tree, and at the westerly edge of a pine grove, at a point about 550 feet south of the Lowell and Dunstable road; 472 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD thence north 9°, 41' west 530 feet to corner 10, a rough granite monument marked C T and situated 12 feet south of the south- easterly corner of an old shed, and about 75 feet south of the Lowell and Dunstable road, just west of a pine grove; thence north 42°, 03' west 2,142 feet to the corner of Chelmsford, Tyngs- borough and Westford, a stone monument marked C T W and situated in swampy land at the northerly end of a comparatively open meadow surrounded by thick brush and young growth, about 1,115 feet north of the road stone on the southerly side of the Lowell and Tyngsborough road. Chelmsford-Tyngsborough Line. The easterly part of this line, following the Merrimac river, Vv^as defined by chapter 13 of the Laws of 1789, incorporating the district of Tyngsborough. The westerly portion of the line follows certain farm lines of John Alford Tyng, Willard Hall, Jr., and others, annexed to Dunstable, April 24, 1755, the courses and distances agreeing sub- stantially with the official map of 1830. LINE BETWEEN THE TOWNS OF CHELMSFORD AND WESTFORD. Beginning at the corner of Chelmsford, Tyngsborough and Westford, a stone monument marked C T W and situated in swampy land at the northerly end of a comparatively open meadow surrounded by thick brush and young growth, about 1,115 feet north of the roadstone on the southerly side of the Lowell, and Dunstable road; thence south 11°, 47' east 38,653 feet to the corner of Carlisle, Chelmsford and Westford, a rough granite monument marked C C W and situated in level woodland 58 feet north of the center of a wood-road, and about 1,500 feet east of the junction of Acton street with Bear Hill road. Chelmsford-Westford Line. This line was established by chapter 2 of the Laws of 1729-30, incorporating the west precinct of Chelmsford as Westford. LINE BETWEEN THE TOWNS OF CHELMSFORD AND CARLISLE. Beginning at the corner of Billerica, Carlisle and Chelmsford, a rough granite monument, triangular in section, marked B C and situated in low land 16 feet east of an angle in a wall at the southeasterly corner of a woodlot, about 1-2 mile southwest of the Billerica-Chelmsford road; thence north 74°, 04' west 3,863 feet to corner 1, a rough granite monument marked C C and situated 23 feet west of the center of a cart-path at the north- easterly base of a thickly wooded hill, and about 1-2 mile east of the intersection of Carlisle road with Lowell street, Carlisle or Concord street, Chelmsford; thence south 70°, 55' west 6,274 feet to corner 2, a granite monument marked C C and situated in woodland 15 feet southeast of an extensive stone pile, and about 200 feet west of the road leading to South Chelmsford; TERRITORIAL LIMITS 473 thence south 61°, 21' west 6,151 feet to the corner of Carlisle, Chelmsford and Westford, a rough granite monument marked C C W and situated in level woodland 58 feet north of the center of a wood-road, and about 1,500 feet east of the junction of Acton street with Bear Hill road. Chelmsford-Carlisle Line. Established by chapter 34 of the Acts of 1865. CHANGES. In 1652, certain inhabitants of Concord and Wobum asked the General Court to allow them to examine the region later granted them — six miles square — and called Chelmsford. In 1656, an extension was granted of about three miles on the north side of the Town. THE BLOOD FARMS. The lines between Chelmsford, Concord and Billerica, and the farms of John and Robert Blood, were the cause of considerable controversy, which was settled in favor of Billerica. In 1694 a committee was appointed to run the lines between Concord and Chelmsford, Billerica, Wameset and the Blood Farms. Some vacant land was found which the committee claimed the right to grant. The writer saw some time since in the keeping of Mr. George H. Robbins of Carlisle four old deeds dated 1666 and 1667, and bearing the signatures of Daniel Gookin and Thomas Danforth, which had to do with the Blood farms. They are written on parchment, deer-skin or bear-skin, and one of them showed the round hole made by the bullet which killed the animal. One also has a patch sewed on with a rawhide thong to cover a hole or tear in the skin. Hazen's Billerica contains some facts concerning these farms. The Blood family have been represented in the neighboring towns. Robert married Elizabeth, daughter of Major Simon Willard and had twelve children. He died October 27, 1701. This item is found in the Town records: Chelmsford geniway the 15, 169^ In considderason of a proposishon mad by Robard Bloode conseminge a parsile of land purchased of the Indians, he the said robbarde blood prepoaseth to the town of Chelmsford that in case the afore named toune wile joine with him the sed robbarde in petishon for a confermason of the same and they doe asume the a fore said land then the abovesaid Robarde in gageth to the town to in treste them in one thousand acorse upon condishon the above said toune paye to the above said Robbart blood five pound in silver and beare parte of the charge and further the above said Robarte ingageth to give to Mr Thomas Clarke of Chelmsford one hundred ackerse of land. 474 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD FARMS ABOUT MERRIMACK TO BELONG TO CHELMSFORD AND MIDDLESEX COURTS, 9 OCTOBER, 1667, Vpon information of sundry ffarmes erected aboue the toune of Chelmsford, about Merremack Riuer, whose inhabitants pretend their sajd farmes to be out of the County of Midlesex, & possibly be not conteyned in any county, it is therefore ordered by this Court & the authority thereof, that all & euery the inhabitants of such farmes as there are or shall be improoued shall, in all points, haue their dependances vpon, & performe services, & beare chardges wth the sajd toune of Chelmsford, & that the sajd ffarmers repaire to the Courts of Midlesex for justice, & all, till this Court take further order, any lawe or custome to the contrary notwthstanding. [Records of Massachusetts Bay, Vol. 4, Pt. 2, p. 351.] Feb. 2, 1685. "The toune in genorall chose Capt. Thomas hinchman Mr. John fhske and Ser. Josiah Richarson to bee a Commity to treate with the Courtt and indianes about Wamaseke Neck of land in way of purchasing the same for the townes propriety. In 1721, sundry inhabitants of Concord and Chelmsford were annexed to Littleton in regard to support of the ministry. 1725, May 23, certain lands in Chelmsford were annexed to Littleton. 1725, Dec. 24. Jonathan Bowers, Samuel Hunt and divers others, dwellers on the land called Wamesick Purchase and Win- throp Farm, which lands lie adjoining to Billerica between Paw- tucket and Chelmsford line, pray to be erected into a distinct town. This was never acted upon by the General Court. Chelmsford opposed it, and secured the annexation of the greater part of the Wamesit purchase, June 13, 1726. For an account of the Wamesit purchase, see Chapter X. 1735, June 19. A petition was presented to the General Court, asking that Chelmsford, Billerica, Groton, Dunstable, Littleton, Westford, Dracut, Nottingham, Townshend, Lunenburg, Harvard, Tewksbury and Litchfield, in Middlesex and Worcester counties, might be made a new county. The Court ordered notice of the petition to be sent to each of the towns concerned, but nothing more was effectually done. Chelmsford aspired to become the shire town. The next year, it was voted in Town Meeting "that the agents for a new county be allowed for their servis as the Town will allow them, if they obtain this Town to be the Shear town." The condition has a pen mark drawn across it. In 1752, "Began the long struggle to form a new town from the corners of Chelmsford, Concord, Bedford, Billerica and Acton." In 1755, the Town voted to allow part of the District of Carlisle, the towns of Billerica, Chelmsford, Acton and Westford to be erected into a township or district. TERRITORIAL LIMITS 475 The Journal of the House of Representatives, of June, 1757, says — A petition of sundry of the Inhabitants of the Towns of Concord, Chelmsford, Billerica and Acton in the County of Middlesex, shewing that they lie at so great a distance from the meeting houses in the several towns to which they belong that they cannot, without great difficulty and inconvenience, attend on the Public Worship; and praying that they may be erected into a separate Town or District. The petition was not sustained. 1800. Certain persons in the northeasterly part of the Town desired to be set oflE to unite with a part of Dracut. In Town meeting it was voted "that all that part of this Town that lyeth between the little canal and Merrimack river be set off." 1816. Captain John Ford and others petitioned to be incorporated into a new town. This Town was opposed to it. PAWTUCKETVILLE (dRACUt). In 1820, Feb. 1, the General Court passed an act by which a number of the citizens of East Chelmsford were (for parochial purposes) set off from Chelmsford to the Pawtucketville society. They were "to enjoy all the parochial privileges of the society and pay their proportion of all necessary charges that may arise for such purposes." The names of those set off were Phineas Whiting, Nathaniel Wright, John Ford, Silas Hoar, Artemas Holden, James Bowers, Jonathan Bowers, Samuel F. Wood, Nathan Tyler, Josiah Fletcher, John C. Hall, Otis Tyler, Nathan Tyler, Jr., Nathan Hunting, Nathan P. Ames, Joseph Dane, Ephraim Osgood, Simeon Parker, Lewis Butterfield, Zebulon Parker, Jeduthan Parker, Osgood Worcester, Joel Dix, Varnum Spalding, Robert Spalding, Micajah Bowers, Bradley Varnum, John Goulding, Samuel Hunt, Moses Chever, Jr., and Amos Proctor. DRACUT. The people who settled upon the north side of the Merrimack river sustained a peculiar relationship with Chelmsford. The grant of this Town did not extend beyond the river at any time; nevertheless, the people living there were regarded as citizens of the Town. They voted, paid taxes, and attended meeting in Chelmsford, and looked to the Town for protection. And when some of those people attempted to escape from their share of the burdens of taxation, on the ground that their farms were not in Chelmsford nor in the County of Middlesex, the General Court confirmed the relationship previously existing, and ordered that they "haue their dependancs vpon, & performe services, & beare chardges wth the sajd toune of Chelmsford" — "any lawe or cus- tome to the contrary notwthstanding, 1667, Oct. 9." 476 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD When "A tract of land called Dracut beyond Chelmsford" was made a township, the General Court decreed "that the inhabitants of said land assist in the maintenance of the ministry at the town of Chelmsford as at present they do, until they are provided with a minister as the law directs." It was not until 1720 that they had a settled pastor. Still, the Town's relationship with the people on the north side of the river practically terminated with the incorporation of Dracut in 1701. Chelmsford took no formal action, however, until 1706, when it was "Voted that Draw Cutt shall not voat in Chelmsford." WESTFORD. The agitation for the formation of a precinct in the western part of the Town began in 1713. In town meeting, "March 2, 1713. Voted, that the town doth not esteme those petitioners that did petition to be a separate precinct capable at present." During fourteen years, a number of requests for a west precinct received similar treatment. "While the question was pending, the town of Littleton was incorporated, November 2, 1714; and the residents of that town doubtless selected their earliest location for a meeting-house and training-field, or common, near the boundary line of Chelmsford with the expectation that a portion of the westerly part of that town lying so remote from the centre would, at a future time, be annexed to Littleton. Several families were thus annexed for parish convenience, and so remained until the west parish of Chelmsford was formed, when they were disannexed from Littleton by the General Court and included in said west parish, and Littleton took early measures for removing their centre about one mile southwesterly of their early location." [Hodgman's Westford.] Allen gives the names of these families; Joshua Fletcher, Josiah Whitney, Benjamin Robbins, Moses Foster, Joseph Hildreth, John Reed and Samuel Chamberlain. These were "dismissed" from paying toward the support of the minister in Chelmsford as long as they paid in Littleton. Josiah Barrett paid in Littleton. An Act of the General Court erecting the western part of the Town into a separate parish or precinct was passed in May, 1724. 1724-5 To Benj. Adams for time expended at Court and with the Committee and other time and writ- ting and money expended relating to the affair of the Precinct £10.13.02 To Capt. Clark for time and money expended at the Generall Court Relating to the precinct affair £00.16.06 The Court ordered that Chelmsford pay £100. to the west parish for their proportionable expense in building the meeting- house, 1710-12. TERRITORIAL LIMITS 477 Mch 5. 1727-8 The town considered the petition of Joseph Underwood Joshua Fletcher and Thomas Read in behalf of the West Precinct praying that the Town would set them ofiE'a separate Town Ship for Reasons there in Mentioned * * * Voted that the West Precinct be and hereby are granted the Liberty to be set of for a Separate Town Ship with there Proportion of the Ministry and to take it in the sd Precinct and there pro- portion in the Town stock of Ammunition. And they bearing there part in the Town Charges this year ensuing. There were 324 pounds of bullets and lead. Chelmsford's part 216 pounds Westford's " 108 " The stock of powder weighed 150 with the casks Chelmsford's part with the casks about 100 " Westford's " " " " about 50 " NASHOBA. Nov. 1698 Joseph Easterbrook & Thomas Clark & several other inhabitants of Concord & Chelmsford asked for a grant of land for a Township commonly called Nashoba lying near unto the said towns — Elisha Hutchinson Esq. Maj. James Converse & Capt Jonathan Danforth were appointed a Comm. to examine into the quality & circimistances of the said land & that Henry Ashurst haue his grant of 1000 acres out of this tract if free. Major Jonathan Tyng was added to the Committee. PETITION OF THOS. HENCHMAN AND OTHERS ASKING CONFIRMATION OF THE SALE OF INDIAN LAND AT NASHOBA. Province of the 1 To His Excellency The Govemour, Council Massachusetts Bay [ & Representatives Now Assembled in J Generall Court at Cambridge Oct. the 15, 1702. The Humble Petition of Thomas Henchman Esquire of Chelmsford; Francis Burroughs of Boston, Mercht. as Adminis- trator to Major Bulkley Late of Concord, Deceased; Josiah Whetcomb of Lancaster senior, & Walter Powers of Concord. Hiimbly sheweth to Your Excellency & Honour's. That there is a Certain Tract of Land Call'd Nashoby containing about four miles Square & Lying Between Groughton, Chelmsford, Concord & Stowe, that was Reserved and Confirmed as A Town- ship for the Indian Proprietors thereof, who afterward Removed themselves and familys to Natick and Having No occasion for their lands at Nashoby, They and their Descendts. that Remain, and who now are Reduced to very few Have at several times upon valuable considerations By Good & Sufficient Deeds (Ready to be produced) alienated & conveyed away all their Right & Title Thereto, the one Half thereof to Major Bulkley when living and your Petitioner Henchman ; and the other Half e to y our Petitioners Whetcomb & Powers. 478 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD But Your Petitioners not Dareing to Rely Upon their Title from the Indians, Doe in obedience to the law of the Province, now pray for a Confirmation thereof from this Great and General Assembly. Which Jf they may obtain they Design to Jmprove the Same By Settling their own and Other family s there and to annex themselves to which of the neighboring Townes shall to the Generall Court Seem most Convenient and thereby the more Serviceable to the Province. And Your Petitioners as in Duty Bound Shall Ever Pray &c The land petitioned for was confirmed to the Petitioners provided they agree with Ye Jndians yt remayne upon ye place for a Convenient setlemt. & yt ye sd Tract of Land be annexd to Ye Towneship of Stowe. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 30, p. 486.] For an extended account of Nashoba see "Boundary Lines of Groton." CARLISLE. In 1754, Carlisle was a "district"; annexed to Concord two years later, and in 1780, established as a district, made up of parts of Acton, Billerica, Chelmsford and Concord. Carlisle was made a town in 1805. March 1, 1783, David Parker's land was set off from Carlisle and annexed to Chelmsford. DUNSTABLE. In 1755, Jonathan Tyng and others of Chelmsford asked to be annexed to Dunstable, giving, as the reason, that they were five or six miles from the meeting house, and only a mile or two from a house then building in Dunstable. Numerous inhabitants of the latter asked that the petition be granted, as the 300 acres "would be of little consequence to the large and rich town of Chelmsford, and will be of some advantage to Dunstable." Ephraim Spaulding, agent for Chelmsford, petitioned the Court not to grant the prayer. It was granted, however, April 24, 1755. Hence "the extreme crookedness" of the line between Chelmsford and Tyngsborough. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 116, p. 744.] MIDDLESEX VILLAGE. Middlesex Village (660 acres set off to Lowell in 1874), was so called because it was at the head of the Middlesex canal, and really came into existence because of the construction of that waterway, previous to which the only buildings there were the Clark tavern, the Howard house, the Bowers house, Clark's house at the ferry, and the Sawin house. Judge Hadley, in the first volume of the publications of the Lowell Historical Society, TERRITORIAL LIMITS 479 gives a very entertaining account of life at this place. Almost all the houses in the village, some of them of good Colonial style, were built in the decade following 1820. "Whist parties, singing parties, and, among the younger portion, kissing parties, were common enough; while the elders met once a week at the house of Mrs. Baldwin, Mr. Wood, Deacon Adams, Mr. Smith or Mr. Tyler, for prayer and meditation, or the study of the Scriptures, in what was known as the Bible Class." In winter, balls were given at the tavern. "There were no round dances in those days. Fisher's Hornpipe, Money Musk, Chorus Jig, Portland Fancy, Lady Washington's Reel, Speed the Plough, and other old contra dances, which called for real dancing, and the cotillion, were in order." Then there was the "Chelmsford Appolonian Temperance Brass Band." Judge Hadley says: * * * 'pj^g territory between Black Brook and the present Chelmsford line was long a favorite Indian residence, and used by them for the purpose of their rude husbandry, and called "John Sagamore Plantation." The Indians sold to Henchman, and Henchman sold a part to Cragie and a part to the Howards. Cragie owned east of the present centre of the village, and the Howards all to the west. Cragie, or his grantees, sold to Capt. Tyler, and the Howards sold a part of their territory to Cyrus Baldwin. On the bank of the river, opposite Wood street, was Major Hinchman's garrison house, used in King Philip's War. The three-story house in Middlesex, a little way east of Hadley street and on the opposite side of Middlesex street, was owned by Samuel F. Wood, and occupied by S. P. Hadley, father of the Judge. The elder Hadley succeeded Cyrus Baldwin, who was in charge of the locks and the canal business at this point. Two immense pollarded willows stood in front of the house. In the second story of this house was the lodge-room of the Pentucket Lodge of Masons, chartered March 9, 1807. In the great gale of September 23, 1815, which inspired Holmes's poem, the roof of this house was blown off, and landed in the interval back of the building. The Bowers barn was also blown down, and other damage was done. The Tyler and Baldwin houses were among the well-appointed homes. The hat factory of Bent and Bush, later of Boston, and the glass factory, were the prominent industries. Within the memory of some persons now living, there was standing in a field opposite Hadley street, a buttonwood tree, twenty-two feet in circumference. COLONEL JONAS CLARKE. Some years since, James Bayles, a WTiter in the Courier-Citizen, gave an account of Col. Jonas Clarke, which is here reprinted. There is no record of the building of the Middlesex tavern; nor is there any tradition of the time when it was built, or by whom 480 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD it was built. The supposition is that it was built by Jonas Clark, sometime early in the eighteenth century; for it is recorded that Jonas Clark presented a bill for the entertainment of the selectmen at his place in 1737. (He probably was there nine years earlier.) Jonas was the son of the Rev. Thomas Clark, the second minister of Chelmsford, and was born December 2, 1684. Where he was educated is not known, but probably his education was received chiefly from his father, with a view to entering the ministry. But be that as it may, Jonas took to another course of life. He is recorded as living on what was later known as the "Cragie" farm in Middlesex Village. His house stood between the tavern and the river. Baldwin street was then the main road to Boston, via Golden Cove and Chelmsford, and to con- venience the people who lived across the river, Jonas established a ferry which was called "Clark's ferry." It is presimied that, conceiving the prospect of a profitable patronage, Jonas built the tavern which was known as "Clark's tavern." In those days, the stream of travel from New Hampshire and the northern territories flowed past the tavern and, turning to the right, went over the hill toward Boston. There was no place of refreshment until Chelmsford village was reached, and Jonas Clark became a prosperous Boniface at his hospitable inn. His sister, Elizabeth, had married Rev. John Hancock of Cambridge, and became the grandmother of Gov. John Hancock, who signed the Declaration of Independence, and it is supposed that the Hancocks were frequent guests at the tavern, as were all the fashionable folk who traveled in those days. The tavern was then a square building, substantially built, as the timbers still show; a roomy, spacious house, with large square rooms and great open fireplaces. Its table had a fame, and its swinging sign waved a greeting to every advancing guest. The stables must have been in the rear, for there is an expansive stable yard there, and great must have been the stir when the coaches with their four and six horses drove up, the passengers alighted, and were greeted by the substantial, courteous host, who must have been a man of rare accomplishments and steadfast principles, for he was honored by his fellow-townsmen and by the people of his Commonwealth. He ranked high in military life, being a colonel, and he was a selectman in 1723, '26, '32, '35 and '36; a representative to the General Court in 1729; an assessor in 1728; a surveyor of highways and a member of important town committees. He was assessed as Lieut. Jonas Clark in 1720; as Captain Jonas Clark he was elected surveyor of highways in 1721 ; he was chosen representative in 1729 as Major Jonas Clark; and in 1732 he was elected a selectman as Col. Jonas Clark. Here are a few excerpts from the ancient Town records, which make mention of Jonas Clark: CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH, NORTH CHELMSFORD ^O- ^S CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH, NORTH CHELMSFORD, BURNED IN 1893 TERRITORIAL LIMITS 481 In 1723 — To Capt. Clark for the Selectmen expense at there meeting there and the committee expense at Running the neck line, 00 16 00. 1727 — Capt. Jonas Clark for seven days about the valluation 01, 08 00. In 1727 — To Benjamin Fletcher for arranging the limits of the highway from Capt. Jonas Clarks to Jerathemeil Bowers to the Long Causeway. May, 19, 1729 — That Major Jonas Clark be Representative for the year ensuing. In 1730 — To Major Jonas Clark to answer his bill of expense and time expended about getting the neck land of from being a precinct 03, 04 06. In 1732 — That Major Jonas Clark be a member of the committee to confer for the management of the wammassett purchase. In 1732— That Coll.ll Jonas Clark, Capt. Samuel Chamber- lain, Leut. Joseph Parker, be ye agents to Joyn with Sum of ye neighboring towns in order to obtain a new county. In 1733 — It was put to vote whether the town would allow the highway throw collonall Clarks land to Jonathan Howards Land at the town cost and it was passed in the negitive. In 1733 — To com't Simeon Spaulding for one day spent in Laying oute a Road through the neck over Spens brook and across a Road from the Road that Leads from Coll'll Jonas Clarks to merimaeck River at Abbotts ferry, 00 02 18. [Refer to Index of Topics for further mention of ferries.] In 1736 — Coll.ll Jonas Clark was a member of the committee to manage the afaire concerning a new bridge and way petitioned for by Leutt Joseph hill of Bilerica. In 1736 — Coll.ll Jonas Clark for fowr Dayes rating ye province tax 00 16 00. In 1736 — 7 Coll.ll Jonas Clark have the Liberty of erichting a pew near Coll.ll Tyngs pew he being at the Cost of Cutting the Seatt according to the Direction of the Selectmen. In 1738 — On the day above said was measured out by the Selectmen that part of the Room in the meeting house neer Colonel Elizer Tyng's pew which was voted to Coll.ll Jonas Clark to erect a pew in which Room is in Lengthe six foot Betwixt coll.ll Tyngs Pew Dore and the Est Dore of the meeting hous allowing full Liberty of the opening of said Dore and the width five foot and three inches. March 1, 1762 — It was voted to except of a Bridle Road laid oute by the Selectmen from the north Side of the Road that leads from Hunt's ferry to Colo. Jonas Clark's bounded on the westerly side by a River Birch then running northerly to merrimack River low watter mark at Abbott's ferry extending two rods easterly from Said bound. 482 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Rev. Mr. Allen's history of Chelmsford, published in 1820, has this foot note to a sketch of Rev. Thomas Clark: "Jonas, the eldest son, was bom December 2, 1684; resided in what is now known as the 'Cragie farm,' where he kept a public house near the ferry, which has since ever borne his name. His house was the great resort of all fashionable people in these parts. He was honored with various civic and military offices; was very popular, was esteemed as a very good Christian. "He was honored in his day and was the glory of his times. "He closed his long and useful life April 28, 1770, aged 86. "His highest military title was colonel commanding the Second Regiment Middlesex Militia. His descendants are now living in Tewksbury." Full of years and replete with honors, the soldier, civic servant, landlord and freeman departed this life to the regret of all whom he had served, and was carried with martial pomp and laid upon the knoll at the foot of which his reverend father slept. The tombstone of the colonel and that of his wife, Elizabeth, are fine specimens of colonial mortuary art, and are very well preserved. They are of slate and are very elaborately sculptured with floral borders, scallops and fleur de lis. There are two angels, one with a book, and the other with a tnmipet, hovering over a head, which may be that of the colonel, on his tombstone, and the inscription reads : HERE lies Interr'd the body of Coin. Jonas Clark, who departed this Life, April 28th, 1770. In the 86th year of his age. God's creatures are his own, their lives He may at pleasure take. While he resimies but what he gives, Who can objections make? Death to the grave this dust conveys. There sleeps the hidden prey. Nor wakes till with a mighty noise The heavens shall pass away. Thessalonians iv., 16. For the Lord himself shall descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of the archangel, and with the trump of God: and the dead in Christ shall rise first. TERRITORIAL LIMITS 483 On the tombstone of Elizabeth is one angel sounding the last trump. The inscription reads: Here lies interr'd the remains of Mrs. Elizabeth Clark the wife of Jonas Clark, esqr. who departed this life April 27th 1767, aged 74 years. Halt passenger as you go past Remember time it runneth fast. My dust in narrow bounds do ly; Remember man that thou must dye; This dust revive it shall again And in a grave no more remain; When trumpet sounds I shall be raised For God's Holy word hath said. Jonas Clarke was succeeded by his son, Timothy. About 1815, Jesse Smith became the proprietor of the tavern, and made the alterations which connected the tavern with the store, and built the hall. The Middlesex canal was then in its prime, and the tavern was the resort of the passengers and the boatmen, while the hall was the place of assembly for the people of the village in their merrymakings. Jesse Smith was landlord until Simeon Spalding took the tavern sometime about 1820. After leaving the tavern Mr. Smith and his wife, who was a daughter of Joseph Warren, took up their residence with Mrs. Warren in the house opposite the training field, where his daughter, Miss Abba Smith, now resides. Enoch Merrill became the owner in 1833 and made many improvements, and "Tom" Parker was the landlord. In addition to his reputation as a host, "Tom" had repute as a fiddler; and to sit by the open fire on a winter night and hear "Tom" fiddle was a never-to-be forgotten privilege. [Jacob Howard was landlord prior to 1816. Thomas Parker was a brother of William, the agent of the Glass Company. In the early forties the sign read, "D. Poor Middlesex House." Daniel was his first name.] But time works changes, and the iron horse came, and ban- ished the canal, the glass works and Bent and Bush's hat factory, and Middlesex Village subsided from the once busy place it was into the somnolent and peaceful section it now is. The busy days of the tavern ceased to be, and have but place in the remem- brance of those whom time has blessed with mature age. Since then, among the landlords have been Orrin Wilkins, and John Arlin. There was a Keeley cure there at one time. Of late years it has ceased to exist as a place of public refreshment. 484 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD CHELMSFORD GLASS COMPANY IN 1820. On the east bank of Middlesex canal, at the distance of two hundred rods from Merrimack river, a large building 124 feet long and 62 wide, with necessary appendages for the manu- facturing of window glass, was erected in 1802. Near it is a two-storied house, handsomely finished, designed for the residence of the overseer, and around it, at convenient distances, a number of smaller houses for the accommodation of the workmen and their families. There are, says Allen, appertaining to this manufactory, about 20 families, consisting of 40 men, 20 women and 40 children, one hundred in all. It is now in a flourishing state. About three hundred and thirty thousand feet of window glass are annually made, or three thousand three hundred boxes of one hundred feet each, which, at $13 per box, will amount to forty two thousand nine hundred dollars. The situation is very favorable for the transportation of glass to Boston, and those raw materials from thence, which it would be expensive to convey by land. A ready and cheap supply of wood is also easily obtained, of which it is estimated, that about tv^^o thousand cords are annually consumed in the manufactory and houses attached to it. The manufactory consists of 2 furnaces, 3 flattening ovens, 2 tempering ovens, 6 ovens for drying wood, cutting, mixing, and pot rooms, a kiln for burning brick, a mill-house and sand house. [Allen, page 75.] Various ornamental, as well as useful articles made at the Glass Works, of plain or colored glass, are still treasured in Chelmsford homes. The sand used in making the glass contained so much iron that much of it was hued with various tints. The Rev. Hezekiah Packard wrote, Oct. 11, 1831, while he was still living at Middlesex Village: "The spirit of enterprise is busy in this place. But Lowell still appears like enchantment. It once constituted a part of my parish, with a few, very few scattered houses and very little cultivation, and now the population almost sufficient to claim the privileges and hold the authorities of a city." Clark's ferry, at Middlesex Village, ceased operation when the Pawtucket Bridge was built. This was a great undertaking for those days. It was the means of opening up travel from Vermont and New Hampshire through Dracut and Chelmsford to Boston. Thousands of teams loaded with pork, butter, cheese and all kinds of country produce passed over the bridge every season for many years, even after the railroad was in operation. Hunt's ferry crossed the Merrimack at what is now Bridge street. It was afterwards called Bradley's ferry. TERRITORIAL LIMITS 485 EAST CHELMSFORD IN 1820. At Middlesex Village was the Howard estate, the home of Nathaniel, 1682-1710, and of his son Jonathan, 1710-1758, then of his grandson, Benjamin. Along the bank of the river, past Pawtucket falls, were the residences of Silas Hoar, Amos Whitney, Archibald McFarlin, Capt. John Ford, the Spaulding place, now the home of the Molly Varnum Chapter, D. A. R., Capt. Phineas Whiting's place, where was afterwards built the residence of Frederick Ayer, (corner of Pawtucket and School streets); Asahel Steams, Jonathan Fisk, Mr. Livingston (a house once used as Capt. Whiting's store), then the house of Joseph Chambers, a cooper. Then near the present Corporation Hospital, (Kirk Boott's house, moved from where the Boott Mills now stand), was "a red schoolhouse, from whose windows the pupils, when tired of their books, looked down upon the water- falls and the huge rocks of the river." Benjamin Melvin's place was close to the foot of the falls, and not far away were Nathan Tyler's saw- and grist-mills, which the ice carried away in the winter of 1810. Below the site of the present City Hall was the house of a blacksmith named Hall. Near the corner of John and Paige streets, lived Josiah Fletcher. East of the Concord river, stood the "Old Joe Brown House" of two stories, and further on was a tavern known as the "Old Yellow House," which, subse- quently, became Judge Livermore's home. About 1737, Nicholas Sprake (Sprague), Jr., erected a fulling mill on the east side of Concord river, this being the first manu- factory for dressing cloth in what is now Lowell. A year or two earlier. Mr. Sprague also built the first dam across the Concord river, where the East Merrimack street bridge now is. (The easterly end of the bridge rested originally on an island.) Near the mill, above mentioned, were also a sawmill and a gristmill. The Spragues sold a large tract of land, with the mill privilege, to Timothy Brown, in 1769. Six years earlier. Brown had bought land of William Hunt, and owned land bounding on Merrimack river. A road was cut on the south bank of the Merrimack to the Concord, at whose mouth Brown's ferry was established, across the Concord, and Bradley's ferry across the Merrimack. The river-bank road was known as the road to Salem until East Merrimack street superseded it. Interesting articles on the dwellers of East Chelmsford will be found in Chapter X, also in Volumes I and HI of the Old Resi- dents' Contributions. In 1787, at Beverly, was made the first attempt in this country to manufacture cotton cloth by machinery. In 1790, Moses Hale removed from Dracut (where his father had a fulling mill), to East Chelmsford, and built a fulling mill on River Meadow brook, which, at that point, was afterwards called Hale's brook. He was bom in 1765 at West Newbury. 486 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD In 1801, he introduced a carding machine into his mill, which was between Hale's mills and Whipple's mills, and was, for many- years, run by Joshua Mather, a native of Preston, England, of which town was Richard Arkwright, the inventor of cotton- spinning machinery in that country. In 1811, a protest was made against the building of a dam across Merrimack river, above Pawtucket falls, as it would flood the low land along the river. It did render useless the locks at Wicassee falls. In 1812, the war with England put an end to our over-sea commerce, and attention was necessarily turned to the manu- facture of cotton goods in this country, as most of our manufacttired goods had been brought from England. In 1813, Captain Phineas Whiting and Major Josiah Fletcher erected a successful wooden cotton mill on the present site of the Middlesex Company's mills. A similar enterprise by John Golding failed. The former mill was bought by Thomas Hurd in 1818, and turned into a woolen mill. In 1816, the Bowers saw- and grist-mills were built, and Nathan Tyler started a grist-mill where the Middlesex No. 3 now stands. Hurd manufactured satinet. Winthrop Howe made flannels by hand looms until 1827, at Wamesit falls. In 1818, Moses Hale started the powder-mills on Concord river, with forty pestles. The next year, William Tileston and Oliver M. Whipple entered the business. This institution con- tinued in operation until 1855, Mr. Whipple having been sole proprietor for twenty-six years. In a single year during the Mexican war, says Cowley, nearly a million pounds of powder were manufactured here. [See Chapter: "Annals," 1820.] Nathan Appleton, in his "Introduction of the Power Loom and Origin of Lowell," gives an account of the beginning of the city, and how he and Mr. Jackson, on the suggestion of Ezra Worthen to Paul Moody, the Waltham manufacturers, after consulting Thomas M. Clark, the agent of the Pawtucket Canal Company, inspected the vicinity of Pawtucket falls, with a view to purchasing the canal. They first visited the place in November, 1821. The party consisted of Patrick T. Jackson, Kirk Boott, Warren Button, Paul Moody, John W. Boott and Nathan Appleton. "At that time there were, I think," says Mr. Appleton, "less than a dozen houses on what now constitutes the city of Lowell, or rather, the thickly settled parts of it: — that of Nathan Tyler, near the corner of Merrimack and Bridge streets, that of Josiah Fletcher, near the Boott mills, the house and store of Phineas Whiting, near Pawtucket bridge, the house of Mrs. Warren, near what is now Warren street, the house of Judge Livermore, east of Concord river, then called Belvidere, and a few others." This was written in 1858. TERRITORIAL LIMITS 487 "Such," says Miles, "was East Chelmsford in 1820. A few scattered farmhouses, standing, however, on good soil, and occupied by intelHgent and substantial families, the store, the tavern, the humble wooden factory, the few small buildings for the powder-works, the two gristmills — this was nearly all that the place possessed. The head of the canal had some promise of becoming a flourishing village. There was the house of Captain Phineas Whiting; that long occupied by the Hon. Asabel Steams, before his appointment to the professorship of Law in Harvard University, and, subsequently, by Nathaniel Wright, Esq., who succeeded him in professional practice; the dwelling, also, of Mr. James Bowers; and the houses of Messrs. John and Elisha Ford. Much of the land was low, interspersed with swamps, muddy ponds and clumps of bushes. Mr. Clark made the purchase of the land and canal shares in his own name, the others furnishing the money. The story is told of how the prospectors were watched by the shrewd farmer, as they were apparently casting flies for salmon, on the river bank. He doubled the price of his farm over night, and said, 'I calk'lated su'thin' was in the wind when I saw two strangers across the river sit on a rock and talk, then one feller go up and the other daown, an' talk ag'in.' They bought four farms, containing about four hundred acres, paying from one hundred to two hundred dollars an acre. When they wanted more land, the farmers fixed their own prices." [Old Paths and Legends of N. E. : Abbott.] The story, as given by Oilman [Drake's Middlesex Co., p. 61], is this: In Kirkland's Anecdotes will be found the following amusing notice of Kirk Boott: When the prospect of founding a large manufacturing town on the Merrimack river was in contemplation, some of the persons interested in that great commercial enterprise sent up to Mr. B , a young gentleman skilled as an engineer, and who was also fond of sporting, to view the water privilege carefully, and to make inquiry as to the prices of land in the vicinity. He went with his dog, gun, and fishing tackle, and obtained board in a farmer's house, a Mr. F . He spent his time in viewing the falls, the canal, the river, and the grounds, with occasional fowling and fishing. After spending some time there, in talking with the farmer, one evening, he told him that he liked the place very well, and thought he should be pleased to come and live there. The man said he should be pleased to have him. "Well, Mr. F , what will you take for your farm?" "Why, I don't want to sell it, Mr. B , nor would I unless I got twice what it is worth, as I am satisfied here, and don't want to move." "Well, what do you say it is worth, Mr. F ?" "Why, it is worth fifteen hundred dollars, and I can't sell it for less than three thousand dollars." "That is too much," said Mr. B , "I cannot give that." "Very well, you need not." 488 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Here the conversation ended. Mr. B continued his sporting, and, having received his instructions, in the course of a few days renewed his talk with Mr. F , and said to him, "Well, Mr. F , I have made up my mind that I should like to live here very well; and, though you ask so much, I will take up with your offer, and give you three thousand dollars." "Why, as to that, Mr. B , you did not take my farm when I offered it to you, and I am not willing to sell it now for anything less than six thousand dollars." "You are joking, Mr. F !" "Not so, Mr. B ; I am in earnest, and I shan't continue my offer more than twenty-four hours." B , finding he was determined, went off for instructions, and the next day told Mr. F he would give him six thousand dollars. The purchase was made, deed passed, and money paid. Some time afterward, Mr. B asked the farmer what reason he had, in the course of a few days, to double the price of his farm, and to insist upon it. "Why, Mr. B , I will tell you; a day or two after I offered you the farm for three thousand dollars, I saw two men on the opposite side of the Merrimack river, sitting on a rock, and talking for some time; then they got up, and one went up the river and the other down, and, after some time they returned, seemed in earnest conversation half an hour or more, when they arose and went away. I did not know what it meant, but I thought something was in the wind, and I determined, if you asked me again to sell my farm, I would demand double the price." Thus began the purchase, by Boston merchants, of the land upon which the city of Lowell has been erected. At Lowell's fiftieth anniversary, General Butler said: "First and foremost of the remarkable men who were its founders stands the name of Kirk Boott. * * * 'pj^g early engineers reported no water power here, and it remained for an English half-pay cavalry officer, wandering along the side of our fall, rod in hand, casting the fly for the salmon, to discover and appreci- ate the mechanical force of a river which now does the work of ten thousand horses. Kirk Boott reported this view of the capabilities of the Merrimack river to Patrick T. Jackson, which view was confirmed by Paul Moody. On the same occasion, John A. Lowell claimed that Ezra Worthen was the first to recognize the value of Pawtucket falls for commercial use, and that the purchase of land, &c., was made before Kirk Boott set foot upon it. The accounts are conflicting. February 6, 1822, the Legislature granted "An Act to incorpor- ate the Merrimack Manufacturing Company. Kirk Boott, William Appleton, John W. Boott, and Ebenezer Appleton were the persons named in the act. The capital was $600,000. Up to this time, they had purchased six hundred and thirty-nine shares in the Pawtucket Canal or Locks and Canals Company, for which they paid $30,607.62; the Tyler farm for $8,000; the TERRITORIAL LIMITS 489 Josiah Fletcher farm, for $6,860; the Joseph Fletcher farm, for $1,230.62; and eight-tenths of Cheever's land, for $1,605. These sums, with $2,700 paid to N. Wright, $647.80 paid to T. M. Clark, and other incidental expenses, amounted to $69,815.62. Says Oilman : Thomas Hurd, reputed to be a shrewd operator, being in Boston about the time these lands were bought, overheard a conversation that led him to hasten back to Chelmsford, secure a refusal of the Bowers Saw Mill near Pawtucket falls, and of land in that vicinity. The Merrimack Company purchased of him the mill and land adjoining. The dam across the Merrimack, at Pawtucket falls, was built in 1822. The main canal was enlarged, and the Merrimack and Hamilton canals begun. The Merrimack Company completed the first mill and started the wheels on the first of September, 1823. Bedford and Merrimack, N. H., furnished the bricks used in the construction of this and other mills. Chelmsford furnished the lime. Kirk Boott was agent and treasurer. The Lowell Machine Shop was started in 1824, by Paul Moody, who supervised the construction and setting up of most of the machinery for the mills, until his death, in 1831. A good account of the beginning of Lowell and of the men who made the town, will be found in Drake's History of Middlesex Co., also in the Courier-Citizen's History of Lowell. Kirk Boott was, no doubt, the moving spirit and most prominent man in the early history of Lowell. Born in Boston, in 1791, educated at Rugby, England, and at Harvard College, he was a lieutenant in the Duke of York's regiment, in the Peninsular campaign under Wellington. He returned to this country in 1817, and soon became superintendent of the new mills at East Chelmsford. Lowell was named for Francis Cabot Lowell, the founder of the cotton manufacturing industry in America. As early as November 22, 1824, a committee of the Merrimack Company was appointed to consider the matter of a new township for East Chelmsford. In 1824, Mr. Jackson remarked that the purchase of real estate near the falls comprised about as many acres as were contained in the original territory of Boston. "If our plans succeed," he said, "we shall have as large a population in our territory in twenty years as we had in Boston twenty years ago." The population of Boston in 1804, was 26,000, and that of Lowell in 1844, was 28,000. Where the first mills were built, four or five families moved off the land, and soon fifteen hundred people were at work. In 1824, Ezra Worthen, superintendent of the Merrimack Company, died and was succeeded by Warren Colburn, of Arithmetic fame, who had taught school. Great numbers of his books were sold here and in Great Britain. He had great mathe- matical and mechanical skill. 490 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD EXTRACTS FROM A LETTER PRINTED IN THE ESSEX REGISTER AND REPRINTED IN THE CONCORD GAZETTE AND MIDDLESEX YEOMAN OF AUG. 13, 1825. We started from Salem, and took the road leading through Danvers, Lynniield, Reading, Wilmington and Billerica. The usual silence and total destitution of incident worthy of remark on the roads through which we passed, afforded no topic for our journals. We could only observe the ruinous effects of the late drought in the withered cornfields, the crusty mowing grounds, the yellow potatoe patches, and the meagre hop-yards. In passing through the town of Wilmington, "famous for hops," but not "of high production," unless the tall hop-poles will make the words of the poet good, we sympathized with an old farmer on account of the late drought, and the destruction occasioned by the Tornado, which had made sweeping work in his hop-yards. We then proceeded for Chelmsford. In Billerica, we observed that the Mills and Factories at the Falls of the Concord River, were stopped, in consequence of the deficiency of water occasioned by the dry season. As we ascended the high grounds which lie on this side the Merrimack, the beautiful valley which has been chosen for the site of the Manufacturing Establishments, opened upon our view. It is indeed a fairy scene. Here we beheld an extensive city, busy, noisy and thriving, with immense prospects of increasing extent and of boundless wealth. Everything is fresh and green with vigor of youth, yet perfect in all strength of manhood. On the banks of the Merrimack are already erected five superb Factories, and two immense piles of brick buildings occupied for Calico printing. In front of these, and on the banks of the Factory Canal, which is fenced in, and ornamented with a row of elms, are situated the houses for the accommodation of those employed in the Factories. The houses are double, two stories high, and separated from each other by wide avenues. They are handsomely and uniformly painted, and are beautifully ornamented with little flower gardens in front, and are accommo- dated with out-houses in the rear. There is a beautiful Gothic Stone Church (St. Anne's) opposite the dwelling houses, and a Parsonage house (of stone) is erecting near the Church. There are in the vicinity of the factories, two printing offices, from which weekly papers are published, a book-store, a book- bindery, a post-office, five taverns, one of which is a superb stone edifice, with out-buildings of the same material, eleven English and West-India goods stores, hat and shoe stores, various Mechanic shops and perhaps two hundred houses, all fresh from the hands of workmen, & many others building. The whole ground is scattered over with lumber and other materials for six other factories which are erecting on the other side of the Canal. — The ground is intersected with fine roads and good TERRITORIAL LIMITS 491 bridges. The whole seems to be the work of enchantment, — all is in motion — Labourers, interspersed in all directions, hewing timber, cutting stone, making bricks, and teamsters moving the materials to their proper places. There are only two of the new Factories now in operation — another is nearly ready to put in motion. They intend to have six in operation in the course of the year. About three hundred persons, two thirds of whom are young women from the neighboring towns, are employed in each factory. The women earn from a dollar to three dollars per week, according to their skill. In addition to the Cotton Factories, there are already at Chelmsford two large Woollen Factories, a Glass-House, where they manufacture the cylinder window-glass, and a Gunpowder Manufactory. We stood gazing at this fairy vision at the distance of a mile. The roar of the water-falls intermingled with the hum and buzz of the machinery. Sometimes it would raise its voice above the roar of the waters, and then die away, and be lost and mingled with them in harmony. It seemed to be a song of triumph and exultation at the successful union of nature with the arts of man, in order to make her contribute to the wants and happiness of the human family. — In his oration, at the 75th Anniversary of the Incorporation of Lowell, Solon W. Stevens, referring to the mill life of the early days, said: "We shall notice, on the part of those who are promi- nent and influential, a strong desire to provide for both the physical and the moral well-being of the people who have left their homes on the farm to become workers in the mills. We shall find the boarding-houses where the mill people lived were, in reality, neat, comfortable and attractive homes; and among the female operatives, we shall see a remarkable degree of intelligence and refinement. The fact is, the New England women who came here to weave and to spin in those days were not degraded in the least by their employment or through their surroundings. They brought with them, their mental and religious training, and, as they grouped together, impelled by similar tastes, they naturally inclined to grow intellectually under the stimulus of association, rather than to deteriorate. They very often stepped out of the factory life into semi-professional occupations, and, in many instances, they left the loom and the spindle, to become the wives of self-reliant men of substantial means, to become the queens of homes of virtue and intelligence, and to become mothers of cultured daughters and sons, who, as they grew into the responsibilities of life, never forgot to honor the mother who taught their infant lips to pray, and who made their childhood happy with her sweet caress. It was in recognition of such conditions that Mr. Charles Dickens was moved to ask his country- men 'to pause and reflect upon the difference between this town 492 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD (Lowell) and those great haunts of desperate misery' with which people living in the manufacturing districts of England were, at that time, perfectly familiar. The founders of the factory system in the town of Lowell (East Chelmsford) were far-seeing men who knew full well that the population gathering here, with its varieties of social character and religious belief, could not be moulded into a well-ordered community without the benign influences of the schoolhouse and the church. The first edifice dedicated to the worship of Almighty God, within the limits of the territory which became the town of Lowell, was St. Anne's church, the corner stone of which was laid in 1824. (The Rev. Theodore Edson was the rector.) For nearly sixty years, until the hour of his death, this godly man went in and out before this people in the spirit of perfect conse- cration to his Master's service, leaving behind the record of a life woven into the very texture of the events which gave perman- ence of character to the community in which he lived." For an account of Lucy Larcom, the mill girl of Lowell, see her Life by Addison. Her brother and sisters lived in Chelmsford. On November 25, 1825, in Chelmsford town meeting, a committee consisting of Joel Adams, Caleb Abbott, Nathaniel Howard, Samuel Stevens, and Benjamin Chamberlain, reported favorably on a petition of Kirk Boott and others for a new town, the State and County taxes to be paid jointly by both towns, according to their present valuation, and all debts due from the Town, excepting the principal debt due on the poor farm be paid as above. On an irregularly shaped piece of hand-made paper, seven inches square, is printed this NOTICE The Inhabitants of the Town of Chelmsford, qualified by law to vote in town affairs, are hereby notified and warned to meet and assemble at the Meeting house, in the middle of said town, on Monday the 2d day of January next, at one of the clock, P. M. to act on the following articles, viz. L To choose a Moderator. 2. At the request of Ephraim Spalding and others, to see if the Town will take measures to prevent the establishment of a highway from near the house of Willard Read to Golden Cove, so called, or act thereon as the Town may think proper. 3. At the request of Noah Spalding, to see if the Town will agree to alter the west line of the new or contemplated Town, so as to include the house and land now in the occupation of Osgood Worcester, or act anything thereon. By virtue of a Warrant from the Selectmen, dated Dec. 28^ A. D. 1825. EZEKIEL BYAM, Constable of Chelmsford. [Owned by Miss H. M. Spalding.] TERRITORIAL LIMITS 493 January 2, 1826, in town meeting it was voted that the voters go out of the (meeting) house and be polled on the common. The west line of the new proposed town (Lowell) was to be altered so as to accommodate the estate on which Osgood Worcester resided, and the south line to accommodate the estates of Sprake and Benjamin Livingstone. The original bounds of Lowell, as given in the charter, are thus described: Beginning at Merrimack river, at a stone post, about two hundred rods above the mouth of Pawtucket canal, so called; thence, running southerly in a straight course, until it strikes the Middlesex canal, at a point ten rods above the canal bridge, near the dwelling-house of Henry Coburn ; thence southerly on said canal twenty rods; thence a due east course to a stone post at Concord river. The area thus lost to Chelmsford was 7,735 acres, or about twelve square miles. [See Map No. 6.] "The town of Lowell was incorporated March 1 , 1826. For four years after the work on the Merrimack Mills was begun, the village retained the name of East Chelmsford. The number of inhabi- tants in this village had risen from 200 in 1820, to 2300 in 1826, more than eleven-fold. These twenty-three hundred people were compelled to go four miles— to Chelmsford Centre — to attend town-meetings and transact other municipal business. The two villages had no common business relations and no social sym- pathies. The taxes raised upon the valuable property of the mills could be claimed and expended by the town of Chelmsford. The schools of the new village were under the management of the town. Various motives conspired to make it the desire of East Chelmsford to become a town by itself." [Lowell, by C. C. Chase.] A meeting of the voters of Lowell was called for March 6, at Balch and Coburn's tavern, the "Stone House" near Pawtucket falls, now the Ayer Home, and officers for the new town were elected. On a piece of paper similar to the above mentioned, is printed, of the width of a newspaper column, this notice: Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Middlesex, S.S. To KIRK BOOTT, of the Town of Lowell, in the County of Middlesex, aforesaid, Esq. Greeting : — Pursuant to a law of the Commonwealth, aforesaid, passed on the first day of March, instant; you are hereby authorized and required to notify and warn the freeholders and other inhabitants of the said Town of Lowell, qualified by law to vote in Town affairs, and for the choice of Town Officers, to meet at the Tavern of Messrs. Balch & Coburn in said Tov/n, on Monday, the sixth day of March instant, at one of the clock, in the afternoon, to act upon the following articles, viz: — 494 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD 1. To choose a Moderator of said meeting; 2. To choose all such Town Officers, as towns are required by law to choose ; 3. To give their votes for a Register of Deeds, for said County; 4. To agree upon the manner of calling future Town Meetings. Given under my hand and seal, this second day of March, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and twenty-six. JOSEPH LOCKE, Justice of the Peace. — 000 — In pursuance of the foregoing warrant, to me directed, I do hereby notify and warn the inhabitants of the Town of Lowell to meet at the time and place therein mentioned, and for the purposes therein expressed. KIRK BOOTT. Lowell, March 2, 1826. [Owned by Miss H. M. Spalding.] PART TWO. BRIDGES. In 1656, the bridge between Chelmsford and Concord was "driven down by the violence of waters." THE CONCORD RIVER BRIDGE. Soon after the settlement of Chelmsford and Billerica, the County appointed a committee to locate a bridge at the most convenient point between the towns.* It was built at what was called the Ford way, about one half a mile above North Billerica. In 1657, the County Court ordered that this bridge and that at Misticke should be the only two to be finished at the County's charge, and afterwards to be repaired by the towns. Chelmsford was abated two pounds and Billirrikey one pound in their rates to the bridge on account of its benefit to the County. In 1658, the same Court ordered that warrants be issued to collect arrears due to be paid towards "Chenceford and Misticke Bridges." The next year the selectmen of Chelmsford sent a petition to the Court, which appointed a committee to investigate the cause of, and amount of, needed repairs, and ordered that the selectmen of Chelmsford, with those that covenanted to build the bridge, should forthwith repair and finish it, and "that the charges expended in repairing" it "be repaid to those that undertook the work in manner following, i. e., Joseph Parker for his neglect in not finishing it according to covenant shall bear forty shillings of it." The remainder, £12. 11. 4, to be paid by the County Treasurer. The several towns to pay five shillings in the pound ♦December 30, 1650, Thomas Adams of Chelmsford was appointed one of a committee to consider what bridges are necessary to be made and maintained in this county. TERRITORIAL LIMITS 495 for so much as they were behindhand to the workmen. Groton was also required to pay, as the bridge was a great convenience to the travel from that town. It was a crude piece of work, and was constantly in need of repair. The work was done by Chelms- ford and Billerica in conjunction. In 1660, the two towns were presented, on account of the insufficiency of the bridge. In 1662, Hazen records, Billerica furnished five hands and Chelmsford four, "a day in the water," charging 2s. 6d. per day. There is also a charge for two quarts of liquor, 4s. In 1666, Chelmsford refused to assist further in maintaining the bridge, and Billerica, "for the prevention of dangers and hazards," had some of the planks taken away, and provided danger signals, so that the bridge ^could not be used. A year and a half later, the three towns were obliged by the Court to repair the bridge. The County Court "did nominate and empower Mr. John Webb, alias Evered, Mr. Thomas Hinksman, Mr. James Parker & Jonathan Danforth, to agree with some able and honest artificer for erecting" a bridge. Job Lane was employed to do the work. He was distinguished as a contractor. The timber arches were to be sixteen feet wide, and the flooring of oak plank four inches thick. The cost was to be "seven score and five pounds sterling." This bridge seems to have stood about ten years without repair. In 1699, the records show that it had been carried away by a flood, probably in 1698, for, in December of that year, Chelmsford arranged with Billerica, Groton and Dunstable to erect a new structure to replace it. Groton would not co-operate until compelled by the General Court. Thomas Hinchman, Solomon Keyes, Sen., and Nathaniel Hill acted for this town. Billerica preferred to have the new bridge nearer the centre of the Town, and it was built at the "Corner." Farmer, in his Historical Memoir of Billerica, says the bridge was removed from the Ford- way (higher up the river, [Allen]), in 1663, at the expense of Billerica and Chelmsford, and that, in 1699, it was rebuilt con- siderably higher up the river, which made it necessary to alter the road between the two towns. In 1716, the selectmen of the two towns met at the bridge and found it very defective, and took the advice of experts. They all agreed that a new structure should be built. In that year, Thomas Dutton of Billerica was voted twenty shillings "paid out of our (Chelmsford's) town treasury unto him in consideration of the loss of his cow at bilereca greit bridg." In the same year, Groton obtained a release from further expense for the bridge. This had been granted in 1699, but on the petition of the other towns, the General Court referred the matter to the Court of Sessions, with the result as above stated. Dracut, Dunstable and Westford were holden till 1737, and Chelmsford till 1792. [Allen.] In 1737, the bridge fell down, and it was debated whether or not to build again in the same location, or further down the 496 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD river, "near the fordway where the ancient bridge stood." Chelmsford preferred the latter place, but it was rebuilt at the Corner. In 1768, it was voted to confer with the committee of Billerica about repairing the bridge, "to make the travelling safe for all his majesties subjects." The dispute between Chelmsford and Billerica was renewed in 1787, and the records of the Supreme Judicial Court say, that "The Inhabitants of Billerica recover against the Inhabitants of Chelmsford the sum of £31, lawful money damage and cost Taxed at £15:1:8. Sept. 20, 1787. In 1789, Chelmsford chose a committee to carry on a lawsuit with Billerica. The former town tried to get the Court to excuse them from further expense in relation to the bridge. The committee received £6:4:0:0 An execution was levied, and some private property seized, as the following items from the Town records show. To one hog that was taken to satisfy the execution that Billerica had against Chelmsford £2: 8:3:0 To one horse and saddle and bridle that was taken to satisfy the execution that Mr. Smith had against Chelmsford £12: 0: 0: To Money Wm. Fletcher paid to Barthw. Richardson on account of the execution that Billerica had against Chelmsford and for his trouble when his oxen was taken with the said execution . . . £15: 16: 0: To paid to Richardson when Mr. Isaac Chamberlain's and Mr. Wm. Fletcher's cattel was taken £17 : 13 : 1 : To money which Seth Lovering advanced to satisfy part of Billerica's execution against Chelmsford to the Cost of Billerica great bridge over Concord River £ 2: 11:0: Money advanced by Wm. Fletcher for same £ 0:13:5:0 " " £ 0: 8: 6: To more for time and expense at sundry times when contending with Billerica £ 1:11:9:0 To Mr. Willard Howard for money he let Mr. Saml. Perham, Jr., have when he was town treasurer to satisfy a part of an action which the Town of Billerica had against Chelmsford £0: 9:0:0 Paid to Capt. Jonathan Stickney when Chelmsford and Billerica was in dispute £0: 4:6:0 In 1789, the records of the Court of Sessions show that a memorial of Chelmsford was entered, respecting Billerica. The case was called the next year, but neither party appeared. In November, 1791, Chelmsford was discharged from any further expense in building or repairing this bridge. EAGLE MILLS, WEST CHELMSFORD, AS REBUILT AFTER THE FIRE OF 1863 No 2g METHODIST CHURCH, WEST CHELMSFORD TERRITORIAL LIMITS 497 In May, 1792, it was voted in Chelmsford Town Meeting that the Selectmen be a committee to see if they can make out what became of the money that was borrowed to pay the execution that Billerica had against this Town respecting the Bridge. In 1873, the old wooden bridge was replaced by an iron structure. BRIDGE AT THE MOUTH OF THE CONCORD. Allen says the first bridge at the mouth of the Concord river was about twenty rods below the present. It was blown down by a gale of wind before it was entirely finished; and that the second bridge was just below the one now standing. The third and last bridge was built in 1810, at the joint expense of Tewksbury and Chelmsford. An iron structure now spans the river at this point. Brown's ferry was at this point before the bridge was built. The bridge was rebuilt in 1819, 1835 and 1837. The first bridge was built in 1774. PAWTUCKET BRIDGE. The Proprietors of the Middlesex Merrimack River Bridge were incorporated February 4, 1792. Their names were: Parker Varnum Bradley Varnum James Varnimi Jonathan Varnum Thomas Russell Benjamin Varnum Jonathan Simpson Nathan Tyler Louis de Marisquelles Eliakim Wood Joseph B. Varnum Daniel Coburn Loammi Baldwin Moses B. Coburn William Blanchard Asa Richardson Solomon Aiken Oliver Whitney, Jr. Samuel Cotton Joel Spalding William Hildreth, Jr. John Ford Jeptha Spalding Jona. P. Pollard Josiah Fletcher, Jr. Thomas Beals Peter Coburn, Jr. Ebenezer Hall There is an interesting history of this bridge in Vol. IV, of the Old Residents' Contributions, which is used in this account. The charter provided that, after fifty years, the legislature might alter the tolls, from time to time; and might authorize a canal on the bank, or under the bridge, for the passage of boats and rafts. But, at the end of four years, on petition, and repre- sentation that the tolls were inadequate for the maintenance of the bridge, the legislature allowed an increase of the tolls, on an average of about fifty per cent. The tolls were first designated in EngHsh money, but in 1796, they were changed to Federal money, indicating that the transition in the currency of this 498 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD country was made about that time. The toll for a foot passenger was from two-thirds of a penny to one cent and five mills. Half cents were then in circulation. In 1807, all persons were given free passage to any public meeting at the west meeting-house in Dracut. Reduced rates were allowed to those who used the bridge regularly and often. The next year, Ebenezer Griffin bought the toll of the bridge for one year, for nine hundred dollars, but found it unprofitable. In 1822, the Proprietors voted to choose an agent to oppose, in the Legislature, the petition of Edward St. Loe Livermore, for a bridge over Merrimack river, at Hunt's falls. From time to time, they encouraged the laying out of roads which would increase travel over the bridge. It is recorded that one of the early meetings of the Proprietors took place at 5 o'clock in the morning. Col. Loammi Baldwin was appointed to procure one ton of iron and two barrels of New England rum. Each workman was allowed half a pint of rum per day. When the bridge was opened for travel, Nov. 5, 1792, all persons who came to see it were treated with flip or toddy, at the expense of the Proprietors. In 1803, stone abutments were built. The original cost of the structure was about £1,600, or $8,000. It was cheaply built, and had to be rebuilt in twelve years, and different parts of it were again rebuilt at various times, and in 1848, the whole was rebuilt. In 1861, it was sold for $12,000, and became a free bridge with great rejoicing by the public. McFarlin's horses drew the toll-gate across the bridge, preceded by a band of music. A gathering at Huntington Hall, in which the neighboring towns took part, celebrated the event. CENTRAL BRIDGE. The Central Bridge Corporation was incorporated Feb. 24, 1825, and the bridge was in use by December of the next year, when two stage coaches crossed it daily, one to Haverhill and Dover, and one to Londonderry. It was 540 feet long, and cost $22,128.25. It was a toll bridge, of the old covered wooden type. It was rebuilt in 1862. It was burned August 4, 1882, and was replaced by an iron structure. This bridge took the place of Bradley's Ferry, earlier known as Hunt's Ferry, between Chelmsford and Dracut, at Bridge street, Lowell. The ferry was kept on the Dracut side at the foot of Ferry lane, as it was then called, and those who wished to cross from the Chelmsford side of the river were obliged to blow a horn or shout across to the ferryman. The ferry was attached to a rope or chain stretched across the river. Clark's Ferry was at Middlesex Village. In 1737, a road was laid out between the two ferries on the Chelmsford side of the river. [See Vol. II, Old Residents' Contributions.] TERRITORIAL LIMITS 499 The tolls on Central Bridge were the same as on Pawtucket Bridge. The corporators were Joseph Bradley, Ezekiel Cheever, Abijah Fox, Ezekiel Fox, and Peter Heaselton. THE PAWTUCKET CANAL. It was inevitable that manufacturing enterprises should sometime be attracted to the locality provided with water power by Pawtucket falls. On August 8, 1792, there was formed a corporation entitled "The Proprietors of the Locks and Canals on the Merrimack River." The incorporators were Dudley Atkins Tyng — the reporter of the decisions of the Supreme Judicial Court — William Coombs, and others. To avoid the falls and rapids, the logs and lumber which came down the Merrimack had to be removed from the river at a point above Pawtucket falls, and transported nearer the mouth of the Concord, which flows into the Merrimack at a level thirty-two feet below that of the latter above the falls. The primary object was to connect the two levels by a canal, and thus provide continuous navigation to the sea, making the river passable to boats, rafts and masts. On March 11, 1793, a contract was made with Joseph Tyler for a canal not to exceed thirty feet in width, and one and a half mile in length. The cost was to be £4344, lawful currency. Tyler failing to fulfill the contract, Thomas M. Clark, of Newburyport, was employed. The canal w^as to begin at Pawtucket falls "near the great landing place, thence running to Lily pond, from thence by Speen's brook to Concord River." [See Map No. 5.] The canal followed Speen's brook along the swamp to the river. It was opened, October 18, 1796, and cost $50,000. The first boat passed through it in 1797. There were four locks — the Guard, Mink, Swamp and Lower. It was nearly thirty years before large manufacturing interests availed themselves of this water power. With the exception of the canal built, in 1793, around the falls of the Connecticut, at South Hadley, and, possibly, that at Turner's falls, (and some claim it without these exceptions), this was the first canal opened in this country, and when the first boat passed through it, several hundred people assembled to view the unusual event. They stood upon the walls of the first lock and the banks of the canal. The directors and other gentlemen invited by them to take the trip were on board the boat. "Scarcely had they entered the first lock," says Allen, 'when the sides suddenly gave way. The water, bursting upon the spectators with great violence, carried many down the stream. Infants were separated from their parents, wives from their husbands, young ladies from their gallants, and men, women, timber, and broken boards and planks were seen promiscuously floating in the water. ('Nantes — rari apparent in gurgite vasto.') Some had their clothes partially, others almost entirely torn off from 500 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD them. Mothers were shrieking for their lost children, husbands swimming in search of their wives and daughters; paleness sat on the countenance and anxiety filled the hearts of those on shore for the safety of their friends in the water. All, at length, came safely to land without any material injury. Thus ended the amusement of that memorable day." THE MIDDLESEX CANAL. The value of the Pawtucket canal was greatly lessened by the building of the Middlesex canal, which provided a more direct route to Boston. The surveys between Chelmsford and Charlestown were made by Samuel Thompson of Woburn, superseded by Samuel Weston, an English engineer, and were completed, August 2, 1794. The canal followed closely the ancient bed of the Merri- mack, from which it was shifted in the glacial period. Two routes were considered; the rejected route was, forty years later, selected for the B. & L. Railroad. The canal, thirty feet wide, four feet deep, with twenty locks, seven acqueducts, and crossed by fifty bridges, was, in 1802, sufficiently completed for the admission of water, and the following year was opened to public navigation from the Merrimack to the Charles. Its cost, about $500,000, of which one third was for land damages, was but little more than the estimate. From an article by Lorin L. Dame, in Vol. 3, Old Residents' Contributions : The curious traveller may still trace with little difficulty the line of the old Middlesex Canal, with here and there a break, from the basin at Charlestown to its junction with the Merrimack at Middlesex Villiage. Like an accusing ghost, it never strays far from the Boston and Lowell Railroad, to which it owes its untimely end. At Medford, the Woburn sewer runs along one portion of its bed, the Spot Pond water-pipes another. The tow-path, at one point, marks the course of the defunct Mystic Valley Railroad; at others, it has been metamorphosed into sections of the highway; at others, it serves as a cow-path or woodland lane ; at Wilmington, the stone sides of a lock have become the lateral walls of a dwelling- house cellar. Judging the canal by the pecuniary recompense it brought its projectors, it must be admitted a dismal failure; yet, its inception was none the less a comprehensive, far-reaching scheme, which seemed to assure a future of ample profits and great public usefulness. Inconsiderable as this work may appear, compared with the modern achievements of engineering, it was, for the times, a gigantic undertaking, beset with difficulties scarcely conceivable today. Boston was a small town of about twenty thousand inhabitants; Medford, Woburn, and Chelmsford were TERRITORIAL LIMITS 501 insignificant villages; and Lowell was as yet unborn, while the valley of the Merrimack, northward into New Hampshire, supported a sparse agricultural population. But the outlook was encouraging. It was a period of rapid growth and marked improvements. The subject of closer communication with the interior early became a vital question. Turnpikes, controlled by corporations, were the principal avenues over which country produce, lumber, fire-wood, and building-stone found their way to the little metropolis. The cost of entertainment at the various country inns, the frequent tolls, and the inevitable wear and tear of teaming, enhanced very materially the price of all these articles. The Middlesex Canal was the first step towards the solution of the problem of cheap transportation. The plan originated with the Hon. James Sullivan, who was, for six years, a judge of the Supreme Court of Massachusetts, attorney-general, from 1790 to 1807, and governor, in 1807 and 1808, dying while holding the latter office. A brief glance at the map of the New England States will bring out in bold relief the full significance of Sullivan's scheme. It will be seen that the Merrimack River, after pursuing a southerly course as far as Middlesex Village, turns abruptly to the northeast. A canal from Charlestown mill pond to this bend of the river, a distance of 27^ miles, would open a continuous water-route of eighty miles to Concord, N. H. From this point, taking advantage of Lake Sunapee, a canal could easily be run in a northwesterly direction to the Connecticut at Windsor, Vt. ; and thence, making use of intermediate streams, communication could be opened with the St. Lawrence. The speculative mind of Sullivan dwelt upon the pregnant results that must follow the connection of Boston with New Hampshire, and, possibly, Vermont and Canada. He consulted his friend. Col. Baldwin, sheriff of Middlesex, who had a natural taste for engineering, and they came to the con- clusion that the plan was feasible. Should the undertaking succeed between Concord and Boston, the gradual increase in population and traffic would, in time, warrant the completion of the programme. Even should communication never be estab- lished beyond Concord, the commercial advantages of opening to the market the undeveloped resources of upper New Hampshire would be a sufficient justification. Accordingly, James Sullivan, Loammi Baldwin, Jonathan Porter, Samuel Swan, and five mem- bers of the Hall family at Medford, petitioned the General Court for an act of incorporation. A charter was granted, bearing date of June 22, 1793, "incorporating James Sullivan, Esq., and others, by the name of the Proprietors of the Middlesex Canal," and on the same day was signed by His Excellency, John Hancock, Governor of the Commonwealth. By this charter the proprietors were authorized to lay such assessments from time to time as might be required for the construction of the canal. 502 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Commencing at Charlestown mill pond, it passed through Medford, crossing the Mystic by a wooden aqueduct of 100 feet, to Horn Pond in Woburn. Traversing Woburn and Wilmington, it crossed the Shawshine by an aqueduct of 137 feet, and struck the Concord, from which it received its water, at Billerica Mills. Entering the Concord by a stone guard-lock, it crossed, with a floating tow-path, and passed out on the northern side through another guard-lock; thence it descended 27 feet, in a course of 5}4 miles, through Chelmsford to the Merrimack, making its entire length 27)4 miles. In 1805, the Town sent a remonstrance to the General Court against the contemplated tow-path on the bank of the Merrimack river, and also against the proprietors of Middlesex Canal having certain privileges on the meadows. From a Thanksgiving sermon, Nov. 29, 1810, by Rev. Wilkes Allen : Note A. Middlesex Canal is supplied with water from Concord river at a fall in Billerica, four miles from its mouth. This river in the summer is about 107 feet higher than the waters in Boston Harbor at full tide, and 21 feet above the surface of Merrimack. You ascend from the Merrimack by three Locks to the level of the canal, and thence to Concord river; crossing its surface, you proceed 11 miles on the same level, passing over several small streams and rivers on aqueduct bridges, especially Shawsheen, which is 20 feet below the waters of the canal. From the Concord to Boston are thirteen locks. From a Paper Read by Prof. Geo. L. Vose of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, before the Boston Society of Civil Engineers, 1885: The pioneer work of actual internal improvement in Massa- chusetts, if not in America, was the Middlesex canal, the inception and execution of which was due mainly to one of the most dis- tinguished men of the last century, James Sullivan. He saw, upon the map, the Merrimack river reaching far up into the heart of the great state, which lacked only the means of sending its products to market to set in motion a thousand wheels of industry. "The connection of Boston," says Mr. Amory, in his excellent life of Sullivan, "by a line of navigable waters with New Hampshire and Vermont, and perhaps with Canada, became early for Sullivan a favorite project. The Merrimack, after issuing from Lake Winnipesaukee, 120 miles from Boston, ran southerly within 27 miles of that capital, and then, turning abruptly to the northeast, discharged itself, after an obstructed course of 50 miles, at New- bury port. Between Concord, in New Hampshire, and Windsor, Vermont, the Sunapee lake gave facility for connecting the Connecticut and Merrimack, and the latter could be made navigable by locks at low cost. Should the undertaking succeed between TERRITORIAL LIMITS 503 Concord and Boston, the gradual traffic would, in time, warrant its extension to the Connecticut, and perhaps to the St. Lawrence. The first step was a canal from Chelmsford to Boston." The length of the canal was 27 miles; the rise from the Merrimack river at Chelmsford to the Concord river mill-pond at Billerica was 27 feet, and the fall from the mill-pond to Charles river 107 feet. There were in all, 20 locks, 48 bridges over the canal, and 7 aqueducts. The work was under construction from 1795 to 1803. The cost was about $500,000, of which about one-third was for land damages. In the month of May, 1793, several gentlemen, prominent among whom were James Sullivan, Loammi Baldwin and Jonathan Porter, associated themselves for opening a canal from the waters of the Merrimack, by Concord river or some other way, through the waters of Mystic river to the town of Boston; and a committee proceeded at once to obtain a charter from the General Court, which was signed by Governor Hancock on the 22d of June, 1793. The company organized by the choice of James Sullivan as President, and Loammi Baldwin and John Brooks as vice presidents, and proceeded at once to make the necessary surveys to find the most eligible route between Medford river and the Merrimack. An accurate survey in those days was almost unknown in this country, and a leveling instrument was an unheard-of thing. In January, 1793, Mr. Sullivan wrote to Gen. Knox: "We are under the necessity of procuring a man who is skilled in the business of canaling, who can point us to the place where, under all circumstances, the canal ought to be cut. We hear that such a person is in Philadelphia, who has come to America on the invitation of Mr. Morris. We beg the favor of your inquiring whether such an artist is there, and whether we can obtain his aid." The "artist" referred to was Mr. Samuel Weston, an engineer brought up in England under James Brindley. A preliminary examination of the ground was made in the summer of 1793 by Mr. Samuel Thompson, of Woburn. He appears to have made a very careful study of the country, but was not provided with instrtunents of sufficient precision to obtain the elevations accurately. In March, 1794, the directors voted to send Loammi Baldwin to Philadelphia, that he might try to get Mr. Weston to make the survey for the canal, which he succeeded in doing. The surveys were commenced in July, and on the 2d of August, 1794, a full report was made upon the work. It was found that the route of the canal would be crossed in Billerica by the Concord river, which at that point was 107 feet above tide water at Boston, and 27 feet above the Merrimack at Chelms- ford, being at the summit of the canal, and able to supply water in both directions. The work of building the canal was commenced in the spring of 1795, under the direction of Col. Loammi Baldwin, the elder. 504 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD and continued, in the face of numerous difficulties, until 1803, at which time it was so far completed as to be navigable from the Merrimack to the Charles river. The canal was 18 feet wide on the bottom, 30 feet wide at the water line, and 4 feet deep. The locks were 11 feet wide and 76 feet long, with an average lift of about 7 feet. Some of these locks were made of wood, and others of stone. In the wooden locks, the side walls, which were of wood, were inclosed between rough walls of masonry placed a few feet back of the timber-work. The masonry was, thus, the retaining wall for the earth, while the timber formed a tight box for the water, the two walls being well braced apart by struts of wood. In this way, expensive masonry was avoided, but the cost of maintenance in after years was increased. Although the Middlesex canal was completed in 1803, great expense was incurred for many years, owing to imperfections in the banks and other parts of the work, and nearly the whole income was expended in additions, alterations and repairs, so that no dividend was declared until Feb. 1st, 1819. One hundred assess- ments were put upon the shares, which, with interest added to the above date, amounted to $1,455.25 on each share, making the whole cost of the canal, $1,164,200. From 1819 to 1843, there were paid in dividends, $504 a share, averaging $20.16 per annum, being an interest on the cost of about 1.39 per cent, per annimi. From the year 1819 to the time when the Lowell railroad went into operation, the receipts gradually increased, so that the dividends rose from $10 to $30 a share. The year the Boston & Lowell road was opened, the receipts of the canal were reduced one-third, and when the Nashua & Lowell was opened, they were reduced another third. The receipts of 1842-3 were not enough to cover the cost of repairs and current expenses. After 1846 the traffic was small, though boats continued to run until 1852. In 1859 the charter was declared forfeited. The property was finally disposed of for about $130,000, and after the final dividend little more than the original assessments had been returned to the stock-holders. When the Middlesex canal went into operation it was the greatest work of internal improvement in America. It had been twenty-two years in operation when in October, 1825, DeWitt Clinton made his triumphant passage from Lake Erie to the Hudson river. Like many more recent works, it produced a large indirect benefit. It was said by Daniel Webster to have added $5,000,000 to the value of the New Hampshire forests. The Middlesex passage boat, Governor Sullivan, according to the advertisement, left the head of the canal in Chelmsford precisely at 8 o'clock, on Monday, Wednesday and Friday, and returned on the alternate days. Stages left Lowell and Boston an hour earlier to connect with the boat at Middlesex Village and Charlestown. Fare on the boat was 75 cents; on the stage, TERRITORIAL LIMITS 505 6>^ cents. Previously, in 1831, the fare from Lowell to Boston by stage was $1. This was the fare in the early days of the railroad. Five cents a mile was all that could be demanded [i. e., this was the legal limit]. Some interesting facts are contained in A Historical Sketch of the Canal by the Agent (Caleb Eddy) of the Corporation, printed in 1843 (53 pages). Samuel Thompson of Woburn was appointed engineer. By the original survey, the ascent from Medford river to Concord river was 68>^ feet. Actually, it was 104 feet. By the original survey, the Merrimack was IQ'jA feet above the level at Billerica bridge over the Concord, whereas actually, the water in the Concord at said bridge was about 25 feet above the Merrimack at Chelmsford. Quantity of water lost by evaporation and filtration of such a canal estimated at . . 7,560,000 galls, per day Loss by Lockage at Chelmsford filled and discharged 6,000 times a year 1,000,000 " " " Loss by Lockage at Charlestown 1,400,000 " " " do do at Medford 1,000,000 " " " 10,960,000 In addition to this, vast quantities pass over the waste wiers. It was estimated that the cost of conducting water from the canal at Woburn to supply the city of Boston would be $900,000. Dr. John Farmer, born in Chelmsford, June 12, 1789, son of John, of Chelmsford, a tiller of the soil and a deacon of the church, furnished Allen with much of the material for his history of Chelmsford. In 1816, Farmer printed, in pamphlet form, a history of Billerica in thirty-six pages. His mother was Lydia Richardson, daughter of Josiah. Farmer died August 13, 1838, and was buried in the old cemetery at Concord, N. H. At Billerica, September 18, 1818, he wrote: There is considerable navigation on the canal this season. Boats loaded with wood, barrels, various kinds of timber, the Chelmsford granite, &c., are almost constantly passing. The Middlesex packet, a very pleasant and handsome boat, passes here every day, having ladies and gentlemen on board. In 1816, the General Court granted to the proprietors of the Middlesex canal two townships of land on the east side of Moose- head lake. The location is indicated on the map of Maine in Johnson's Family Atlas, 1865. Until 1820, Maine belonged to Massachusetts. The following is the preamble and part of the first section of the act of incorporation: "An act for incorporating James Sullivan and others, by the name and style of the Proprietors of the Middlesex Canal. 506 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Whereas, James Sullivan, Esq., and others, have petitioned to be incorporated for the purpose of cutting a canal from the waters of the Merrimack river into the waters of the Medford river; and whereas, it is represented that sundry persons are ready to raise funds sufficient for the purpose of opening the same canal : Sec. 1. Be it therefore enacted, by the Senate and House of Representatives in General Court assembled, that the said James Sullivan, Oliver Prescott, Jas. Winthrop, Loammi Baldwin, Benjamin Hall, Jonathan Porter, Andrew Hall, Ebenezer Hall, Samuel Tufts, Jr., Aaron Brown, Willis Hall, Samuel Swan, Jr., and Ebenezer Hall, Jr., their associates and successors, are hereby incorporated and shall be a corporation forever, under the name of The Proprietors of the Middlesex Canal," &c. "Ascending the Merrimack through three stone locks, it extended through Chelmsford, and entered Concord river mill- pond by an excavated stone guard-lock, and crossed it with a floating tow-path. It left Concord river through another guard- lock, and passed through a difficult excavation a quarter of a mile in length over ground low and wet, where a canal could be easily made, but was liable to lose its water. Proceeding through swamps, deep cuttings, and over extensive embankments, it passed through another aqueduct at Wobum to Horn Pond. Here it descended through five locks, somewhat apart, to the head of Medford river; thence by Wilmington valley, across the Brooks estate at Medford, to Medford river; then to tide-water in Charlestown mill-pond, and thence by a tide-lock consummated its connection with Charles river, opposite Boston." Benjamin Blood of Lowell, who was engaged in boating over the canal for twenty years, says that one year he helped take through the canal 43,000 feet of stone, used in building the state prison at Charlestown. The stone was quarried at Westford and Chelmsford by Tuck & Reed. The stone used for the U. S. Bank on State street, and the pillars and pedestals of Quincy market, Boston, were got out by Charles Hollis of Tyngsborough and floated down the canal. Much of the first brick used by the Merrimack corporation in Lowell, was transported from Charlestown to Lowell by the canal, 843,000 coming through in one season. During the War of 1812, it supplied material to the navy yard at Charlestown, and in time of peace, it distributed through a wide extent of country many articles of foreign commerce. The motive power consisted of two horses harnessed "tandem." Slowly moved the laden boat through the still water, between smiling hedgerows, through patches of woodland, under low bridges, and past pleasant villages, with delicious glimpses all along of charming, romantic or pastoral scenery. Sometimes the canal widened into a miniature lake, mirroring the azure TERRITORIAL LIMITS 507 vault of heaven and the bending foliage of the surrounding trees. Ever and anon a "sail ahead" would appear in the shape of a vast flat-boat, laden with flour or lumber, or the product of some of the nascent factories, or it may be a huge raft of timber, came floating down with two or three mariners in charge, an old spavined horse dragging the establishment along. Many points on the line were exceedingly picturesque. One in particular, was quite charming — the place where the canal skirted Horn Pond at a much higher elevation, and you looked down through the buttonwood trees on the broad expanse of water, with its little wooded islet in the centre, and across to the mountain that guarded and guards, like a giant sentinel, its southern shores. In fact, a panorama of the Middlesex Canal, after the fashion of Banvard's Mississippi, would have been by no means an uninteresting exhibition. But the condition of this pleasure was fine weather. To embark on the "raging canawl," in a storm, required a hardihood and nerve vouchsafed to few. Then furious waves, at least an inch in height, disturbed the usually placid surface of the water. The little ponds into which the canal frequently widened realized the descriptions of a mud-puddle in a thunder-storm to be found in ancient poetry. Your safety depended on the strength of the tow-rope, the skill of the rider- boy, the docility of the horses, the vigor of the mariner with the setting-pole, and the experience and energy of the captain, who usually managed the helm. The captain, the ruling spirit of the elements combined in canal-voyaging, must needs be an "ancient mariner" of unequivocal force of character. Fabius told the Roman Senate — and a very sensible gentleman was that same Fabius — that any of the sailors could steer in pleasant weather, but when a storm had arisen, and the deep was disturbed, then the helm required a strong hand. This was emphatically true of canal navigation. In pleasant weather, the very cabin-boy could steer; in a storm, it took a man, and he "couldn't hardly." * * * But the voyages of the canal-boats on the Middlesex, though pursued frequently in the midst of storms, had this alleviating feature — they were never made in the night ; that horror at least was spared the hardy mariners. When darkness covered the face of the earth and heaven as with a pall, the canal- boat rode out the storm either at Chelmsford or Boston, with both bow and stem anchors under foot, fast grappling in the mud, a stopper on the tow-rope and the tiller lashed amidships. [From an article by Maj. A. C. Varnum in Lowell Vox Populi, July 6, 1881.] The Merrimack Manufacturing Company was incorporated in 1822; they built a dam across the Merrimack above Pawtucket falls, and, having obtained possession of the Pawtucket canal, 508 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD doubled its width, and also built the Merrimack canal, which leaves the Pawtucket canal near the Swamp Locks, and furnishes power to the Machine Shop, Lowell Company, the Merrimack Mills, and the gristmill at the foot of Anne street. In 1825, the Locks and Canals Company was reorganized, and regained possession of the Pawtucket canal. STEAMBOATS. The first steamboat was put on the Merrimack by Hon. John L. Sullivan about 1814 or '15. "It had four wheels, two on each side connected by a broad belt or chain, from which stood out at right angles with the belt square pieces of board which, as the wheels revolved, were carried forward on the top of the wheels till they came to the forward wheel, when they were plunged into the water, and passed back to the hind wheel." It was of a size to pass through the locks. [Old Res. Hist. Soc, Contrib. I, 4.] In order to afford the passage of boats and rafts by the Wicassee falls, just west of Wicassee Island (Tyng's Island), the present home of the Vesper Country Club, the Middlesex Canal Co. were authorized to widen and straighten the natural waterway of the river on the east side of the island, and construct a lock through which boats and rafts could be lowered to the level of the canal, as the new waterway was called. The original Act of 1793, in which this power appears, was amended in 1814, Chapt. 100, and reads as follows: Be it enacted &c., That the Proprietors of Middlesex Canal be, and hereby are authorized and empowered to demand and receive toll on boats and rafts that shall pass Wicassee Lock and Canal in the town of Tyngsboro, in this Commonwealth, at the following rates, viz., for every cord of pine wood, eight cents; for every other kind of wood, ten cents per cord; for every ton of merchandise or other loading, ten cents; for other articles going down the canal, one tenth of the toll now collected on the same articles at Middlesex Canal, Feb. 11, 1815. [See Chapter: "Annals," 1816.] The raising of the water by the dam at Pawtucket smoothed out the Wicassee falls, but the remains of the old lock can be clearly seen where the canal leaves the river, just north of the boat house. The Act of 1812, Chapter 113, provides as follows: "The Proprietors of the Middlesex Canal are hereby authorized and empowered, in order to make Merrimack River completely and conveniently navigable for boats, from the said canal to the boundary of the State, to make and construct a lock and a dam at the rapids in Tyngsborough, known by the name of Wicassee Falls, at such place or point of said rapids or falls, and on which- soever side of the island that may be found most convenient." The company were required to keep and maintain an opening, slope, or fish way in the dam for the passing of fish and rafts. TERRITORIAL LIMITS 509 In 1819, the General Court passed an Act (Chapter 51), to incorporate William Bartlett, Moses Brown, John Pettingill and others as Proprietors of the Merrimack Canal, empowering the proprietors within the term of six years from the passage of the Act, to open and cut a canal from the head of Hunt's falls in Merrimack river to the tide-waters of said river, to erect such locks, and dams as may be necessary in order to admit the passage of boats, rafts, and masts into and through the said canal and to the tide-waters of said river. Nothing appears to have been done under the authority of this Act. The improvements in the navigation of the Merrimack, in connection with the canal were, says Mr. Oilman: the locks built at Wicasee falls, round Tyng's island, which were afterwards rendered useless on account of the back flowage when Pawtucket dam was built; the locks at Moor's falls, at Little Cohoes, at Short's falls, at Moor's Big falls, at Amoskeag (now Manchester), at Hooksett falls. Craven's falls, and Turkey falls, a little below Concord. Going up, those locks had to be used; but, coming down, the boats, in an ordinary state of water, ran the falls. In 1851, the proprietors of the Middlesex Canal surrendered their charter, and in 1852, sold the property in sections, and the owners on its borders were, in most cases, the purchasers. On October 3, 1859, the proprietors were declared, by the decree of the Supreme Judicial Court, to have forfeited all their franchises and privileges by reason of non-feasance, non-user, misfeasance, and neglect. On November 25, 1851, the last boat, owned by Dix and Rand, and in charge of Samuel King, passed through the canal. Its cargo consisted of eighteen tons of stone and two cords of pine wood. RAILROADS. The early railroad charters of Massachusetts, about 1830, gave extraordinary powers to the Corporations. The Boston and Ontario Railroad, in 1831, was authorized to construct a railroad, beginning at any point in or near the town of Lowell, and running thence to the northerly and westerly line of the Commonwealth in such manner as they might deem most expedient — six rods wide — and to take as much more land as might be necessary. Railroads were considered to be like common high- ways, over which any one could run his carriage by obeying the rules and paying toll. In the Boston and Lowell charter, it is provided that "such road may be used by any persons who shall comply with such rules and regulations, and the corporation are authorized to erect toll-houses, establish gates, appoint toll col- lectors and demand toll upon the road." The Boston and Lowell Railroad was chartered June 5, 1830, and, although not lying at all within the limits of the town of Chelmsford, affected the interests of the inhabitants con- 510 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD siderably. It was opened June 24, 1835. Stone sleepers and fish-bellied rails were used. The stone was soon replaced with wood. The Lowell and Nashua Railroad was chartered in 1836, and opened October 8, 1838. There is a station at North Chelms- ford. The Stony Brook Railroad has stations at North Chelms- ford and West Chelmsford. The first locomotive used on the Boston and Lowell Railroad was a Stephenson engine made in England. It was taken apart in Boston, and was brought to Lowell on the canal, the usefulness of which, by the irony of fate, it helped to destroy. The Proprietors of the Canal fought the proposed railroad. They argued against it at the State House; spoke of a supposed source of revenue to a railroad from carrying passengers; thought they could be carried as rapidly and safely on the Canal, and said that the terminus of the road must always be at Lowell, as there never could be sufficient inducement to extend it further. "Railroads," they said, "may do well enough in old countries, but will never be anything for so young a country as this." But the charter was granted, with the provision that no other railroad should be constructed within five miles, thus preventing the Canal Proprietors from becoming competitors by putting iron rails on their canal line. The Framingham and Lowell Railroad was opened, August 22, 1871, with stations at Chelmsford and South Chelmsford. The next year $2,000 was raised by subscription in the Centre Village to secure an "Early Train" from Chelmsford Centre to Lowell, guaranteed by the Boston, Clinton and Fitchburg Railroad, lessees of the Framingham and Lowell Railroad. Of this amount, David Perham paid $500, and Israel Putnam, $200. The others varied from $100 to $10. The train was put on July 8, 1872, and was to run once each way daily for five years, arriving in Lowell at 6.45 A. M., and leaving there at 6.15 P. M. Later, what was known as the "Scoot-train" went back and forth several times a day, making in all eight passenger trains daily between Chelmsford and Lowell. When the trolley cars began to run, in 1894, the "Scoot" was taken off. This road is now operated by the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad. In 1837, a committee was appointed "to see that the railroad corporation does not intrude on the public roads and passageways." In 1839, the Lowell and Nashua Railroad was required to put up gates at the crossing near Amos Whiting's. CHAPTER X. PAPERS BY MR. H. S. PERHAM. THE following papers, by Mr. Perham, are of such interest that it is thought they should find a place in this history, in which, had he lived to complete it, he would, no doubt, have incorporated much of the material they contain. They have been printed in the Contributions of the Old Residents' Historical Association. THE WAMESIT PURCHASE. BY HENRY S. PERHAM, CHELMSFORD. READ BEFORE OLD RESIDENTS' HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION, LOWELL, MASS., FEBRUARY 16, 1897. By the Wamesit Purchase the Indians relinquished forever, to their white neighbors, their ancient possessions upon the south side of the Merrimack and west of the Concord rivers. Here from immemorial time their wigwams had dotted the landscape and their frail canoes had glided over the waters of the Merrimack. They hunted the noble game of the forest and plied their rude arts all unconscious of the mighty changes to be wrought upon their native haunts by the white man's civilization. Through the kind ofifices of the apostle Eliot, this tract had been reserved to the Indians by an act of the General Court in 1653. Their title now passed to other hands and their home from henceforth was in the northern wilderness. It was such a movement as has since become somewhat familiar in Indian history. Allen* states that a few families still "remained at Wamesit several years; and others were occasionally there on hunting and fishing parties and for the purpose of visiting their English friends and former neighbors." Several families lingered upon the Dracut side of the river as late as 1820. Two Indian pilots were employed about that time, to guide the log rafts down the river, one at Wickiseck and the other at Hunt's falls, f (The rafts were taken apart above Pawtucket falls and the logs floated around by way of the canal and Concord river). But from the time of King Philip's war the Indians had practically abandoned their Wamesit "plantation" and in 1685 the people of Chelmsford took steps looking to the purchase of their title. •History of Chelmsford, p. 151. tM. L. Hamblet, Esq. 512 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD The Wamesit purchase was consummated by Jonathan Tyng, Esq., of Dunstable, and Maj. Thomas Hinchman of Chelmsford the same year, and conveyed by them the year following to fifty proprietors living in Chelmsford. The conveyance from Tyng and Hinchman was by separate deeds one from each conveying to the fifty associates one moiety, or half part of one fiftieth of the entire purchase, to each purchaser. The original deeds, executed upon scrolls of buckskin, * are now in the possession of a descendant of one of these proprietors now living in this city. The deed from Tyng reads as follows: To all people to whom these Presents shall come greeting know ye that the worshfuU Jonathan Ting Esqur of the Towne of Dunstable in the county of midlesex in his majties Territory and dominion of New England in America. For and in consideration of the full and just summe of one hundred and fiuety pound pound sterl. New England coyne to to him well and truely paid by Maj. Thomas Hinchman Ens: John ffisk & Serj: Josiah Richardson all of the Towne of Chelmsford in the forenamed county in New England aforesd which money so paid by t[ ]m was for their owne use and behooffe as also for the use and behoofFe of seuerall other gentlemen and neighbours here after mentioned in this Instrument. The receits of said hundred and fiuety pound, the said Jonathan Ting doth by these presents acknowledg, and there with to be fully satisfyed, Contented and paid, & Thereof and of euery part part and parcell, Thereof do fully, freely, clearely and absolutely: acquit, release and discharge the said Thomas Hinchman, John fiske and Josiah Richardson, they & euery of them their h[ ]res associates and assignes and eurey of them for Euer. Haue granted, bargained and sold. Aliened, Enfeoffed and confirmed, and by these presents to fully freely clearly and absolutely grant bargaine and sell, Alien, enfeoflfe and confirm vnto the said Thomas Hinchman, John fisk, Josiah Richardson senr and to their associates, Mr Moses ffisk, of Brantry, Mr Tho clarke, Josiah Richardson Junr Jerihmeel Bowers, James Richardson, Thomas parker, Solomon Keys Junr Joseph Parkiss senr Joseph Hide, Edward Spaldin Senr Samuel fifletcher, Sen. Steuen Peirse, Benjamin Parker, Moses parker, Andrew Spalden, Eliazar Browne, william vnderwood, Nathaniel Howard, John wright Junr John perrum, John Spalden Junr Josiah fifletcher, Benjamin Spaldin, Joseph Spalden, Joseph ffarwell, Solomon Keys Senr Peter Talbott, John Kidder, William fifletcher, Samuel ffoster Junr Edward ffoster, Sam ffoster Senr John Steuens, Nathaniel Butterfield, Samuel Butterfield, Joseph Butterfield, John Spaldin Senr John Shipley, mr Cornelius Waldo Senr georg Robbins, John Parker, John Bates, gorsham Proctor, Peter Proctor, Isaack Parker, and Abraham Parker, to each of them and to euery one of them, their heires and assignes, and to each and Euery of their heirs and assignes, for euer, to their only proper vse and behoofe, one moiety or half part of weymesit lands which were sold by ye indians of sd Weymesit to the said Jonathan Ting, by a deed of sale baring date, the sixth day of Septembr last past, the moiety or half of said Weymesett lands being at ye same time and by ye same instrument Conueyed to Maj: Hinchman aforesaid, this aboue said grant contained in this instrument, containes the one half of the wholl purchase which was joyntly made by the afore sd Thomas Hinchman and Jonathan Ting, the wholl purchase containing all that part of indian plantation called Weymesitt, & lying on ye west_ side of concord Riuer, but not taking any part of the indian field that is within fence and ditch, by Concord River side, but said land is bounded eastward, by said field & Concord riuer, from the most southerly Corner, (which is at Chelmsford corner stake, where Billerica, chelmsford & weymesitt land meet all at one stake, by ye riuer side) vntil you come to the mouth of Concord riuer by merimacke, bounded Northward by mcrimack riuer & Westward by *A hole in one of them is said to have been made by the bullet that brought down the buck. .-^^ilmmm*^ m«mM»m KluPIWIHUji!""^*^ '-*-■ ST. JOHN S ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH, NORTH CHELMSFORD A'b. JO INTERIOR OF ST. ALBAN"S MISSION, NORTH CHELMSFORD PAPERS BY MR. H. S. PERHAM 513 wanalansits old field, and Maj: Hinchmans land, formerly purchased by him of the indians, and on ye South West it is bounded by Chelmsford according to a former exchang betwene said Towne, & said Weymesitt indians. Also fiue hundred acres more of wilderness land lying on the Northside of Merimack, bounded by patucket falls southward & by beauer brooke, eastward, according as it was granted by ye Honrble General! Court to said plantation & laid out to them be the same more or less. The indians by said deed reseruing to them selues, their heires and associates for euer, their ancient priuiledges of all fishing places in said land for their owne vse as formerly they haue made vse of it, as also free liberty of fier wood & timber upon said whoU Tract of land on both side merimack (not making any strip and wast of said wood & timber, but to cleare all they cutt downe) to them ye said weymesitt inhabitants their heirs and associates foreuer. Now it is the one half only yt is sold by said Jonathan Ting by this instrument. To Haue and to Hold the aboue granted and bargained moiety or halfe part of said purchase of Weymesitt with all the priuiledges and appurtenances to the same appertaining or in any wise belonging to, them the said Tho Hinchman to each indiuidall person, one fiuetyeth part of ye whoU moiety to be enjoyed by euery and each Pson afore- said, their and euery of their heires and assignes forever to theire and their only Proper vse and behooffe. And hee the said Jonathan Ting, for himself his heires and admstrators do couenant, promise, and grant to and with the said Thomas Hinchman, John ffisk, and Josiah Richardson Senr and with their heires & assignes by these Presents, as Trustees for and in behalfe of the rest of the aboue Named Persons, that hee the said Jonathan Ting, Now is and at the ensealing and deliuery here of shall stand and Bee lawfully and rightly sole seized in his demeanes of the aboue granted premises, of a good and indefeasable estate of inheritance, in fee simple by good right and lawfuU authourity, absolutely without any manner of condition, or mortigage or limitation of vse or vses, to alter change or determine the same. And that hee the said Jonathan Ting hath in himselfe good right full power and lawful! authority the premises to grant bargaine and confirme to them and to each and euery of them named Psons, and to their heires and assignes for euer. And that they the said Thomas Hinchman, John fifisk, Josiah Richardson, Moses fhsk. Tho: dark, Josiah Richardson Junr Jarahmeel Bowers, James Richardson. Thomas Parker, Solomon Keys Junr Joseph Parkiss Senr Joseph Hides, Edw: Spaldin Senr Samuel fifletcher senr Steuen Peirce, Benj: Parker, Moses Parker, and the rest of the persons aboue named their heires and assignes for Euer hereafter shall and May at all times, and from time to time for euer hereafter, quiedy and peaceably Haue, Hold, occupy, possess and enjoy each person aforesaid and euery one of them, one fiuetyeth part of the sd Moiety and aboue granted Premises without the lawful! lett, Hinderance, Eiuction, Expulsian, sute, Molestation, contradiction or denial of him the said Jonathan Ting, his heires or executors, adm'strators or assignes of him, or of them, or of any other Pson or Psons what so euer lawfully claiming and hauing any ciuill and legal! right title & interest therein or therevnto by from or vnder him, or by any other lawful! way and [ ]what so ever, in Witness whore of the said Jonathan Ting hath affixed his hand and scale herevnto, December the forthten day. Anno Domini one thousand six hundred eighty six Anno: Regin Regis Jacob! secunde secundo Memor anduni, that is couenanted & agreed, that the said Jonathan Ting, doth yet rcserue to himself & at his dispose, one fiuetyeth part of said moiety exprest in th prmises & is at equal! charg for it wth any one of ye fortynine, aforesaid, signed. Sealed and deliuered in the Presence of Samuel Manning Senr Josiah Parker Nathanel! Hill. Before signing it is to be vnderstood yt ye worshipful! Jonathan Tynge Esqr doth not in this instrumt make sale of the meadow in wamesit belonging to ye Honrable House of ye wynthrops wch meaddow is excepted & not [ ] ye Honrd Councills Answer to ye sd worshipful Tyngs petition. JONATHAN TYNG. 514 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD The Winthrop meadow mentioned was a part of the grant to Margaret the widow of Gov. Winthrop in 1640. A part of this grant lay upon the west side of Concord river. In Hinchman's deed of the other undivided half the con- sideration is 49 pounds (euery man hauing paid for himself twenty shillings in silver and so are thereby all equal in purchase.") Maj. Hinchman had already purchased Nov. 18, 1685, Wana- lancet's old planting field which lay at the west of the Wamesit Purchase in what is now Middlesex. This land is described as 30 acres — *"south of Merrimack river at a place called Neaham- beak near Wamesit upon Black brook — bounded by Merrimack river on the north Hinchmans land on ye west, it contains that whole com fields fenced in with ditch & other wise that was broken & improve for some years by said Sachem Wanalansit & by his sonnes & by his men it lying near to the old Indian fort in that place." The Indian field at the east end of the Wamesit purchase, was bought by Jerathmel Bowers, for "3 pounds & also much former kindness." It is described as "west side of Concord river lying within the Indian field that is within Ditch & fence — near their old pound" &c.t June 9, 1686. This Indian name of what is now Middlesex, Nehambeak, is given in an earlier deed from the Indians to Hinchman, Naamcook. | It is to be regretted that more of the Indian names in this vicinity have not been perpetuated. The Indian name of the tract at the mouth of Stony Brook, is given "Suneanassitt" in a deed from Hinchman to Andrew Spaulding, in 1692.1 The acreage of the Wamesit Purchase is not given. General Daniel Gookin who accompanied the apostle Eliot, in one of his visits to the Wamesits, estimated that their grant consisted of about 2500 acres. Allen estimated that of this amount 1500 acres were upon the west of the Concord. It included about the same area as was originally incorporated as Lowell. These 50 proprietors of the Wamesit Purchase managed their lands very much as did the proprietors of townships in the early days. Their record book covers a period of a hundred years, and then the last Proprietors' clerk, Benjamin Parker, at whose house the last recorded meeting was held, laid away the old book, and deeds, in his attic where they have since remained. This old book now comes forth brown with its age of more than two centuries, and with its covers badly worm eaten, but with contents unimpaired to enlighten us as to the doings of the first white owners of the land now occupied by this populous city. In this book is given a full description of what each man received by the first division of the land, but no ♦From copy of M. L. Hamblet, Esq. tCopy of M. L. Hamblet, Esq. iCambridge Registry, Vol. 4, p. 120. §Tho deed is now in the cabinet of the Adams Library, Chelmsford. PAPERS BY MR. H. S. PERHAM 515 separate descriptions are given of the alotments by subsequent divisions. They laid out highways, erected a pound, made regulations respecting the maintenance of fences, set apart a quantity of land to encourage the erection of a mill, and at one meeting (1726) to enforce their regulations they chose Surveyors of Highways, Fence Viewers, and Field Drivers, who were sworn to the performance of their duties. The title page of the record book reads: "This booke belongeth to the purchasers & proprietors of the VVameset neck and was bought by theire order & for theire use may: 26: 1687: prise: 4s:" Town Voted. The record upon the first page is as follows: "Seuerall of the inhabitants of Chelmsford hauing bought a persel of land of mr Jonathan tyng of Dunstable and maigor Thomas hinchman of Chelms- ford, the sd purchesors at a generall meeting at Chelmsford; did Joyntly agree together: to flfence in & in Close part of sd land for their present use & in order their unto sd Company did make Choise of a Comette to state ye fenc & make a division of sd land medow & fenc into fifty parts acording to the nomber of ye purchesors of sd land; whos nams are spescefied in ye deeds granted from sd. Tyng & hinchman, the Comette haueing stated the fenc & mad a diuision of: sd : land medow & fenc. & bownded them wt so many marked staks, as are Judged soficient (Js maintained by the owners) for each proprietor to know his own proportion of upland medow land & fenc; the Comette guing notes to the proprietors for a meeting: sd; Company did meet upon the: 13: theenth. day of may 1687; whear each persun had liberty to draw his fiuger from under a hat each mans proportion of upland medow land & seueral persels of fenc answering the fiuger yt fell to him by lot; each proprietor hauing receued his lot desired their seuerall persels of upland medow land & fences should be recorded, for the preuenting of futer trobel;" Upon the following 50 pages are recorded the descriptions of each man's portion of the first allotment. From these descrip- tions it appears that the field which they had voted to inclose for "their present use" consisted of 900 acres, with a fence upon the south side and upon the east and west ends; the Merrimack river making a fence unnecessary upon the north. The lots, which were numbered from west to east extended, with a few exceptions, from the fence upon the south back to the Merrimack river. The exceptions were lots 1 and 2 (at the west end) which were bounded upon the north by the Indian ditch near to Merrimack, lots 40-41-42-43-44 which were bounded upon the north by land reserved at the fishing place, and the six at the east end of the field which were bounded north by Pawtucket meadow, each person selecting his lot, as we have seen, by the impartial method of drawing his figure from beneath a hat. I will read one of these descriptions which will be sufficient for an understanding of the whole. Instead however of selecting a figure from under a hat I will take number 50 as I shall have occasion to refer to that lot later on. 516 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD "The vpland medow Land & several persels of fenc wc belongeth to Thomas Parker it being his full proportion in ye first Diuision of ye wamaset Land as it fell to him by Lott upon ye 13th day of may: 1687. 1. 18 Acres being ye 50th Lott bownded on ye south by ye fenc on ye east by A Range of stakes marked wt 50ty: Vpon A Lyne from stake to stake from sd fenc to patucat medow on ye North by patucat medow, Except John Stevens medow on ye west by ye Land of John Perhum. 2. Two Acers more or Les Lying on ye north side of speens brooke, bownded on ye North by ye higeway, on ye east corner by A Stake marked wt 50ty, Runing down by Another stake to speens brooke on ye south by speens brook, taking ye bredt [ ] of two Lots next speens brook from sd brook to samucl ffoster Juns. vpland, on ye west by samuel fosters Jun vpland. Also three persels of fenc, Two of which Lyeth At ye west end of sd feeld being ye 50th Lott both ways. 3. Three or four poll A ye east end of sd fTeeld At ye end of ye Indian Ditch by merimack River side." Most of the proprietors had two of the small lots outside the fence, or "without the fence" and some had three; one lot in each case being meadow. This large field was known by the name of the "general field" or "Wamesit Field." It was used in common for some years as a pasture for stock. At a meeting of the proprietors March the 7, 1712 it was voted "that every man that hath Right or Rights in sd neck: may turn in six creturers to a Right & no more." In "feb 13 1722 et wos voted yt the fence aboute sd felld shall be shall be made acording to law and so contenewee yerely by the seuenth day of martch. 3 te was voted that now Cretors shoud be torned in to sd felld only from the seuenth of ocktober To the Thurteth." This would indicate that the field was under cultivation and only pastured after the crops were harvested. This also appears from a deed from Stephen Peirce to his son Robert Mch 3, 1729-30* of land "within the Now improved Generall feild in Wamas- sett ajoining to Chelmsford." In 1739 however it would appear to be again in pasturage as a committee of twelve was chosen to see that six creatures were turned in to a right and no more. In the history of Chelmsford by Rev. Wilkes Allen, published in 1820 1 he describes the field thus "The north west boundary of said 'purchase' began near the head of the Middlesex Canal and so to the glass manufactory and thence running near the houses of the late Mr. Philip Parker, Mr. Micah Spalding; and Capt. Benj. Butterfield, terminated at Wamesit falls in Concord river, or at the mouth of River Meadow Brook." Philip Parker, here mentioned, lived upon what is now Pine street; Micah Spalding at the corner of School and Liberty streets, and Capt. Butterfield upon Hale street where stands the residence of the widow of the late Benj. Edwards, a few rods from Lincoln square. ♦Benjamin Parker papers. tPage 15. PAPERS BY MR. H. S. PERHAM 517 To give his description by the present city streets it would be bounded by Baldwin, Pine, Liberty, and Hale streets and from there to Wamesit falls or to the mouth of River meadow brook. The names of the proprietors given in the descriptions m the record book correspond with those in the deed, but vary slightly from a Hst in the book headed "The Names of the first Proprietors of Wamesit Purchers." In the latter the name of Joshua Fletcher is omitted and that of Cornelius Waldo occurs twice, and the name Peter Fascutt is given in place of Peter Talbott. The list is not in the handwriting of either the first clerk Eleazer Brown, or his immediate successor Solomon Keyes Sen. The first action in reference to the mill lot appears in the record of the meeting of "march; 17; 1695-96, a vote in reference to the undevided land was passed at the same time. 1. yt ye stream together wt twenty Acors of Land below winthrops meadow on both sids of ye brook shall be Reserued for ye vse of ye whol Company yt is to be vnderstod yt place whear is it most Conuenient to set vp A mill: this sd twenty Acors is to be Layd out befor ye Lots are Layd out, this voted , . . , . i v n u 2. yt all ye vndiuided Land & meadow on this side merimack shall be deuided this year ensueing, this voted." It appears by a subsequent vote that the same method was used in selecting the lots by each man drawing his "figer." The following is the description given of the mill lot. "aperell the: 11: 97. . land layd out for the incoregdment of bilding a mill at wamasite this land is twenty aceres moer or lese bounded south and southarly by the riuer medo riuer and north and noreast and norweast by marked tres: one whight ocke one red ocke on the nor weste part: on the north and noreast part: thre black ocke tres marcked: one acere of sayd land lys on the south syd of sayd riuer by the mill place. Solloman Keyes, senier. Sameuell foster, Junier. Andrew Spolding, Senier. Committee." By these votes we find that it is just 200 years since the first movement was made proposing to utilize some of the abundant water power within the present limits of this city for manuf acturmg purposes. A primitive saw mill only was then contemplated. There is no record to show when the mill was erected, or by whom, but a record in 1714 shows that the mill was there at that time. I will give the full record of that meeting. "Chelmsford sum Time in The munth of Nouember 1714 et wos voted at a meting of the proprietors of wamaset pvrches yt The land Land Lefte vndivided by The saw mell place should be diuideed in to htty loots and hywayse convcniant to The fishing place and to the sawmell and in to concord riuer Neck— Edward foster Edward Spavlding Stephen peirce wos chosen for To lay out These loots and hywayse 1 fist a hyway wos laid out 1 hrow sd Land roneing To the neckfield fence To mr Borlens land Two Rod wide Z a 518 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD hyway from this hyw [ ] to the sawmill be Tweene Solomon Keyses house and barn Two Rod wide 3 a hyway from the saw mell esterly by marked Trees to a black ock Tree marked by The side of The River Two Rod wide a hyway from The a boue sd black ock a croce the Riuer and by stacks To The format deuided land — 4 a hyway from The fust hyway below The place calde ye wolnut Tree to The olde ford way aboute six rod wid as wetnes our hand this Twenty forth day of Janawary 1715 Stephen peirce atest Edward Spaulding Stephen peirce commety Clark" It seems from these entries that the saw mill was upon River Meadow Brook, perhaps where Hale's mill was erected later. The mention of Solomon Keyes' house in the record just read leads me to digress a moment, as it sheds light upon a disputed question. Solomon Keyes (born June 24, 1665) was the son of Solomon, the second proprietors' clerk, who died in 1702 (Mch 28). He also had a son *Solomon (born May 11, 1701) 13 years of age at the time of this record. This son was later a member of the company of Capt. John Lovewell and participated in the famous "Lovewell's fight," that obstinate and deadly fight with the Indians in the wilderness. His part in the battle is thus told by fParkman. "Solomon Keyes, of Billerica received two wounds, but fought on till a third shot struck him. He then crawled up to Wyman in the heat of the fight, and told him that he, Keyes, was a dead man, but that the Indians should not get his scalp if he could help it. Creeping along the sandy edge of the pond, he chanced to find a stranded canoe, pushed it afloat, rolled himself into it, and drifted away before the wind." Fortunately a favoring breeze wafted him across the lake, and, notwithstanding his wounds, he succeeded in reaching the stockade. There he found several others of the survivors with whom he set out through the wilderness for Dunstable which place they managed to reach six days later. The brave and hardy Keyes recovered from his wounds but was killed in battle thirty years later at Lake George while commanding a company from Western (now Warren), Mass. Why he was credited to Billerica does not appear. Hazen's History of Billerica gives no evidence of such a name there until it appeared upon their tax list in 1749. Hodgman, the Westford historian, claims him for that town. We will make the claim for Chelmsford where we find his early home at Wamesit, and the name upon the tax list until after the date of Lovewell's fight. What disposition was made of the 500 acres included in the "purchase" upon the north side of the Merrimack river does not appear from anything to be found in the record book. Allen states t that it "appears to have been retained by the Indians." ♦Keyes Gen. 1880, p. 74. tHalf Century of Conflict, Vol. 1, p. 255. JPage 170. PAPERS BY MR. H. S. PERHAM 519 If SO it was by sufferance only. It evidently had a recognized value. In 1702 a committee was chosen to run the line "Betwene the Varnums and said proprietors on the land purchesd by said proprietors on the North side of Merimake Riuer" and ftirther to employ "Capt Danforth as an Artie" (artist) if they "should see cause" and Sar. Solomon Kej'es records the sale* in 1701 "to capten bowe-r my whol intrest in the five hundred acres on the north syd of meramack which belongs to my lot in wamesat neck." The following are some of the local names given in descriptions of land and highways. Georges' brookf Pine Hill SpeensJ brook Black brook Hill Pond meadow meeting house Hill Round " Wamesit meeting house§ Hill Pawtucket meadow Great swamp Wamesit meadow Blind bridge Long Pond Great Pine plain Round Pond Long cause These names have long since gone out of use. Some of them however can be located from their relation to other objects. Pawtucket meadows extended from the fishing place, at the foot of Pawtucket falls, to the mouth of the Concord river. They have since been filled in and occupied by the mills along the river bank. Wamesit meadows were along the Concord river. The "long cause" was the causeway where Plain street crosses the river meadow. In the early Chelmsford records the road from the centre of the town in that direction was described as the road to the "long causeway." The "great pine plain" was upon the south side of River Meadow Brook and included the land now occupied by the Catholic and Edson cemeteries. The name "Wamesit meeting house hill" is probably the name given to the spot where the apostle Eliot was accustomed to gather the Indians about him to teach them the principles of the christian religion. The name occurs in the description of Moses Parker's small lot, or lot 2. It reads "Two Acers more or Les Lying at wamaset meeting house hill bownded on ye North by ye highway, on ye North east Corner so Runing down by another stake to wamaset medow, on ye south by wamaset medow, on ye west by thomas Parkers Long Lott" The name occurs also in the description of a highway recorded in 1696. "3 ye way begins at A blake oake vpon ye meeting house hill & gos along ye south side sd hill by marked trees & gos ouer wamesit medow in mr John Fisk his Lott & on ye south side sd meadow Cros all ye Lots to mr Moses fisk his Little Lott" ♦Page 53. tAlso given George Robbins' brook. jNamed for an Indian "James Speen, Indian, received £8 for four wolves heads." §Page 43. 520 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD There are two points given in this first description which help us in fixing its general location: its southern boundary upon Wamesit meadow, and its western boundary upon Thos. Parker's "long lot." Parker's lot was No. 50 in the general field, and therefore at the extreme east end. If there was ever a hill near the corner of Central and Merrimack streets I should say that that might be the place. Provision was made for the convenience of fishermen by "*A small parsel of Land against ye fishing place Reserued As well for strangers As town dwelers To bait yr horses." They were not so liberal however towards strawberry pickers as "it was voted that evry propriator shall pick strabres. Apone his one land and yt no parson that is not A propriotor shall pick A pone Any mans Loot on Las Te oner of The loot be Thare with tham." The fishing place was sure to be kept open as the fish were abundant and furnished an important article of food up to the time when the factories were established along the rivers' banks. As Mr. Sidney Davis describes the method which he has seen employed for taking fish it was by nets, one of which was spread between two boats, and as they rowed into shoal water at the shore their haul would load a wagon with the salmon and shad. No farmer's cellar was well furnished without its barrel of salted fish; indeed so abundant and cheap were they that it is said that in order to prevent apprentices from being fed too exclusively upon a fish diet, it was sometimes specified in their indentures that only a certain proportion of their food should consist of shad. We may conclude that Merrimack river salmon were highly esteemed in Boston for when Justice Oliver Fletcher of Chelmsford wished to give a present to his friend Judge Sewall in 1755 he sends a nine pound salmon, which "my said Brother deli'd at his house in Boston." It seems that salmon also frequented the smaller streams in the vicinity as the selectmen testified in 1745 that the mill dams were no obstacle to their course in Great brook. "Chelmsford March ye 11th 1744-5 we whose names are here unto Subscribed are of oppinion that the Mill Dams a Cros Grate Brook so Called in Cheemsford is of no damedg to any person or to the publeck in perticuler, so to the Coarce of Fishes pasen Espetially Saman Shad Ealwaives & c — but is of Service to the Publect to have them kept up and Improved. Ephraim Spaulding Danl. Procter Benj Chamberlin Zachariah Richardson Selectmen of Chelmsford Allen, the Chelmsford historian, estimated f" The quantity of salmon, shad and alewives, caught in Chelmsford annually may be computed at about 25 hundred barrels, besides a large quantity of other fish of less value." *Page 9. tPage 41. PAPERS BY MR. H. S. PERHAM 521 As the Wamesit land came to be divided into farms there was a smaller number of proprietors is as folfJws:"'"' "'" '"' "-^'^"- '^'"^ '"=°'^ °' *at meeting Andrew Fletcher on seuen Sert Benjamin Parker on five Henry Fletcher on three Sert Joseph moors on Seuen Stephen Fletcher on fiue Sert Jerathmiel Bowers on fiue Benjamin Parker Junr on two Ebenezer Frost on one Quat Robert Peirse on fiue Josiah Fletcher on two Sert Henry Stevens on two Robert Fletcher on four John Burg and David Butterfield on one Lapt Ebenezer Parker on one Sert James Perkust on one Capt John Butterfield on two Stephen Peirce on two 2 voted and chose Capt Ebenezer Parker modderator 3 voted and chose Robert Fletcher Proprietors clerk. joseXprs%.?^^,!^%^Tr, li'si ?re?Jhfr's;;.ifr:^- 't ^Z^^^^r' '-''' ''- ^-"^^ bi^^e^'r^paSero^^n^inriotS 6 voted that the meeting for the futer Should be att Corn! Jonas Clark. Attest Robert Fletcher, Clrk. Col. Jonas Clark here mentioned kept the tavern bv Clark's ferry now known as the "old Middlesex tavern " ^ JNo meeting was again called until 1773 (Aug. 7.) SocLln ;h: atr°no"n°''''"" ""'''''' ^"^°'^^^ '" Chelmsford at one of the concerni:'rthT^p:Ji'ng^tS^;S^^^^^ " " ^« ^ ^^at they will doe and to see what they will doe with the undevided Lands or any part of them. Robert Fletcher proprietors Clark." cH-ii ^"^Ti °^y^s lived at Davis' corner where the propertv is ^assi^f th'rL^i: tt sS'm^"'^- "'^ ^^ -ommodate^ t'riX's brirf^"' one meeting was held after that, the record of which is 522 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD "Chelmsford January the 13 / 1785 at a Meeing of a Number of the Proprietors of Wamasett purchas so called at the House of Benjamin Parker January the 13 / 1785 at fore aclot in the ater noon in order to Chuse a Clark for the to Keep the Boock and All other Rightings first proceaded and Choase Mr Moses Davis Modrater for sd Meeting then proceaded and Chose Benja- min Parker their Proprierts Clark." Mr. Benjamin Parker was a son of one of the first proprietors, Benj. Parker. His house stood upon what is now Pine street, near the Highland school. One of his descendants, Mr. Henry E. Parker, (of the fourth generation from Clerk Benjamin*) still occupies the ancestral homestead. And to that family we are indebted for the preservation of these valuable historic records. This old record book contains not a line in reference to the hardships and dangers encountered by those who established their homes upon this tract. The purchase of their lands from the Wamesits was an amicable transaction, but they were nevertheless in danger of attack from bands of hostile Indians in quest of scalps and cap- tives. In 1695, such a band surprised some families in Billerica, killing or carrying away as captives fifteen persons. Other neighboring towns suffered at different times. So that the danger must have been sufficient to keep the families in a constant state of anxiety and dread. A petition f on file in the Massa- chusetts archives of which the following is a copy, shows the danger to which they felt themselves exposed in 1725: "To ye honourable William Dummir Esqr Lieut Governour in Chief in and over her Majesties province of the Massachusetts bay in New England The petition of ye subscribers Humbly Sheweth that where as Merry make River is at present being Exceeding low and thereby ye Town of Chelmsford is very Exceedingly indangered and we humbly pray your honor wee may be allowed a scout of men to scout upon said River and other Exposed partes of the Town for about ye space of Two months from ye Date here of as in Duty bound your homble petitioners shall ever Ever pray Jonathan Richardson Captains for Jonas Clarke Chelmsford Chelmsford June ye 23: 1725" But notwithstanding these dangers which menaced them they had prospered so that at the very time of this petition they felt themselves sufficiently strong to entertain the ambition to assume the responsibilities of a separate town. Heretofore although Wamesit had not been formally annexed to Chelmsford, they were considered as inhabitants of that town, and it was there that they went to meeting and were assessed for taxes. This anomalous condition could not always continue. In 1725 the General Court refused to seat the Representative from Chelms- ford, Deacon Stephen Pierce, who lived at Wamesit, on the ground that he was not a resident of Chelmsford. % This brought matters to a crisis. The people of Wamesit refused to pay the taxes that had been assessed upon them. ♦1. Benjamin. 2. Jeduthan. 3. Benjamin. 4. Henry E. tPetitions, Vol. 72, p. 247. t Allen, pp. 171; 45. PAPERS BY MR. H. S. PERHAM 523 The inhabitants of Wamesit together with the people adjacent to them on the east side of the Concord river petitioned the General Court to be "erected into a separate and distinct Town,"* and Chelmsford sent in a petition by the selectmenf asking to have Wamesit annexed to Chelmsford. The General Court took the petitions into consideration and, June 10, 1726, "Ordered that they Prayer of the Petition be so far granted. That the Tract of Land called Wameset & ye Inhabit- ants thereon be and hereby are annexed to and accompted as Part of the Town of Chehnsford."t Failing in their efforts to become a separate town, they petitioned the General Court two years later to be formed into a separate precinct. The following is the report of the legislative committee and the action thereon, April 9, 1729: "Spencer Phips Esqr from the Committee on the Petition of the Inhabitants of Wamasset gave in the following Report, viz. The Committee appointed on the Memorial of Samuel Hunt and others Inhabitants & Proprietors of Lands called Wamasset Purchase or Winthrops Farm, by an Order of this Court of June the seventh last past, have in Obedience to the said Order repaired to the said Lands petitioned for to be erected into a Precinct & have carefully viewed the said Land & considered the Situation & Circumstances of the Petitioners as well as the Town of Billerica in this affair, & are humbly of Opinion, That the Lands hereafter described together with the Lands commonly called Wamasset or Indian Purchase & their respective Inhabitants be erected into a distinct & separate Precinct: The Line to begin at Concord River between the Lands of John Rogers Junr & Enoch Kidder & so on that line to the Way leading to Winthrops Farm so called thence on a strait line to the South East End of Prospect Hill six Score Rods North of the House of James Kittredge, Continuing the same Line to Andover Line; From thence on Andover Line to Merrimack River thence on said River to the Bounds till it comes to Chelms- ford old Line (which was the Bounds between the said Town & Wamesset or Indian Purchase) Keeping said Line to Concord River to a Stake called Patucket or Wamasset Stake; Thence crossing Concord River to the Bounds first mentioned: Wch includes Wamesset or the whole Indian Purchase: — And is submitted In the name & by order of the Commtee Spencer Phips Ju In the House Representves Read & Ordered that the Lands Set forth & deliniated in the within Report be & hereby are made & constituted a distinct & Separate Precinct (The former Order of this Court referring to Wamasset Purchase Land notwithstand- ing:) And the Inhabitants of said Lands are hereby vested with the Powers Privileges & Immunities that the Inhabitants of other ♦Massachusetts Court Records, Vol. 13, p. 55. tAllen, p. 171. ^Massachusetts Court Records, Vol. 13, p. 154. 524 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Precincts within this Province by Law are or ought to be vested. Provided that the Inhabitants of said Precinct do within the space of three years from this time order & finish a good and Suitable House for the pubHck Worship of God & place it where the Committee that have already viewed the said Lands shall appoint & also procure & settle a learned orthodox Minister of good conversation & make Provision for his Comfortable & honourable Support In Council; Read and Concurd."* It seems that the opposition of Chelmsford prevented this act from being carried into effect, for in 1730 the town paid to "Majr Jonas Clark to answer his bill of Expense and time expended about getting the neck Land of from being a precinct 03-04-06." The people at the Neck continued their relations to the Chelmsford Church up to the time embraced in the memory of some persons now living. Mr. Sidney Davis tells of the long ride there to meeting on Sunday mornings and the sermons of the minister, Rev. Wilkes Allen. He remembers also that pastor's parochial calls at the Davis home (at Davis corner) observing that when the decanters of liquor were set on (as the social custom of the time demanded) the minister partook sparingly. The "noon house," where the family of Silas Pierce spent the inter- mission between the morning and afternoon service, stood at the corner of Lowell and Billerica streets. THE EARLY SETTLERS OF THAT PART OF CHELMSFORD NOW LOWELL, READ FEB. 16, 1892, BY HENRY S. PERHAM. When the tract which now includes Chelmsford, Westford and Lowell, was first examined by the English, in 1652, with a view to settlement, it was already partially occupied by the Indians. The explorers found "a planting ground about a hill called Robins Hill," and wigwams of the Pawtuckets, or Wamesits, were standing upon the banks of the Merrimack at Pawtucket Falls and at their village, Wamesit, on the east side of the Concord River. Large numbers of Indians assembled here in the fishing season. The fertile lands "yielded them plenty of com," and from the river, with their nets made of wild hemp, they drew forth the salmon and bass. Or with a flaming torch of birch-bark waving from their canoe at night, they allured the sturgeon which came "tumbling and playing and throwing up their white bellies" to the unerring spear of the Indian. Rev. John Eliot, called the Apostle to the Indians, visited the Pawtuckets every year. And here by the sound of the falling waters, this noble teacher assembled these children of the forest about him and attempted, with some success, to instil into their minds the principles of the Christian religion. *Court Records, Vol. 14. pp. 242, 243. PAPERS BY MR. H. S. PERHAM 525 The English petitioned the General Court, May 19, 1653, for a "quantity of six miles square of upland and meadow, which parcel of land we do entreate may begin at Merimacke River at a necke of land next to Concord River — and so run up by Concord River south and west into the country to make up that circum- ference or quantity of land."* But the faithful Eliot could not see the Pawtuckets wholly despoiled of their ancient possessions, and he forthwith filed a petition on behalf of the Indians. The General Court granted both petitions and appointed committees to lay them out. Gookin says that Wamesit (the Indian grant) contained about twenty-five hundred acres. Allen, the historian of Chelmsford, estimated that about one thousand acres were upon the east side of Concord River, and fifteen hundred on the west side. The line between Pawtucket and Chelmsford was the occasion of some dispute and several changes were made. But from the description of the bounds as finally established in 1665, t the line may be determined approximately, especially the northern portion of it. Beginning at Merrimack River the line followed very nearly what is now the bed of the Old Middlesex Canal for some distance through Great Swamp, and then taking a more easterly direction over the ridge upon what is novv^ the city farm, and across the River Meadows to Pawtucket stake at the Concord River. A number of the early settlers of Chelmsford erected their dwellings near the northern end of this line and within the limits of the present City of Lowell. They were doubtless attracted to this quarter of the town, which was called the "north end" or the "neck," by its proximity to the river, and it is also not unlikely that more land may have been cleared of forest here by Indian fires. The latter view of the case is strengthened by the fact that we find some of them upon the very poorest land, upon what is now Stedman Street. Others located in the neighborhood of Baldwin, Westford, Pine and perhaps Parker Streets, and one, at least, at Middlesex Street. Several roads and foot paths were laid out for the accommo- dation of this neighborhood, and from the description of these and the land grants to individuals, we learn the location of the dwellings. The meeting-house at the centre of the town was the point from which all the main roads radiated. There is no record of the first one laid out to this section, but in a description of a land grant by the town of Chelmsford in 1659, the "Highway to the Merrimack River" is mentioned. It was undoubtedly the old road passing by the Golden Cove and Carolina Plain. The Lowell end is now Stedman Street. Originally, however, it turned to the right from Stedman Street, passing to the south of Mount *Allen, p. 162. t Allen, p. 166, 526 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Pleasant, or Mount Misery,* as it was formerly called, and termin- ated at Poorman's Bridge, at Black Brook. In 1673 this road was extended to the river, corresponding to what is now Baldwin Street, to its termination at Westford Street, and from there below Mount Pleasant to Poorman's Bridge. The following is the description given in the records (Book A, 1656, p. 117): 20: 3: 1673 Will underwood, Will Flecher and Abraham parker being A highway. apointed to lay out a high way for the inhabitants on other side of meremake do determin that it shall beegine att the Country way att pore mans bridge and so alonge bettwne the swamps and over Will Underwoods medow all along bowndid by marke treese on both sids and so runeth below mr hinchmans dame and so to the endian line to answer the Contry Rode att Meremake and on this side this is a trew retorne of the Comity as above datted and heare enterd by order of the Selectt men. Samll Adams, Clerk. Previous to this, in 1668, another road was laid out which is described as follows: "There is a Highway Laid out of twelve rod wide beginning at the country Road on the East of Poor mans Bridge and so it extendeth itself over Black- brook into the woods."t They are in the habit of defining the bounds of the highways, in that quarter of the city, more accurately to-day. But that no misapprehension should arise as to the width intended for this road, the following language was inserted in a subsequent record : "always provided that the Highway over Black Brook on the farther side be twelve polls wide. "J I have seen no explanation of the object which they had in laying out a highway nearly two hundred feet wide. I think it may be accounted for by the fact that it passed into the Indians' grant where the possessors were indifferent as to the amount thus taken. The point from which these several roads extended, as will be noticed, was Poorman's Bridge. And it is a singular fact that although this bridge must have been known by that name for a hundred and fifty years, the name is now so completely lost that I have been unable to find any person who ever heard of it. Several records appear upon the town books, from time to time, showing that Poorman's Bridge was a recognized public way. In 1757 an article was inserted in the warrant for the town meeting as follows: "At the desire of Saml. Chamberlain and others to see if the town will proceed and vote to make a bridge and casaway beyond and near Poorman's Bridge so called whare the water Flows the Country Rode at Every Freshet. "8 The town voted in accordance with this request. ♦The marks of this ancient road from Stedman Street down to the swamp are plainly visible ' J Transcript, p. 40. Transcript, p. 89. §Book F. p. 118. PAPERS BY MR. H. S. PERM AM 627 Chelmsford, July 30th, 1798. Received of the Town of Chelmsford an order on the Treasurer of the said Town for the sum of thirty dollars Payable in sixty days which is in full of all Damage Sustained by me and my Brother by Reason of Poormans Bridge So called Braking down and leting several Barrels of Potash & other artacals into the Brook & in full of all demands of me and my brother against the Said Town James Aikens* From the evidence stated I conclude that Poorman's Bridge crossed Black Brook some distance south of Westford Street, and the road, twelve rods wide, crossed the land now belonging to the estate of the M. C. Pratt heirs. Mr. Sewall Bowers states that a road crossed there within his knowledge, and turned to the left into Pine Street. The foundations to a former bridge are still plainly to be seen. There were several residences upon the road leading from the centre of Chelmsford to Merrimack River. Henry Boutel, or Bowtal as it is sometimes given in the records, lived upon what is now Stedman Street, near the present line between Chelmsford and Lowell. Anthony Harker and Thomas Sewell were both granted house lots in 1659, bounded by the highway to Merrimack River. I think that neither remained to become permanent residents, as I do not meet with their names upon the records except at a very early day. It was a custom of early times, before the people had their lands enclosed with fences, for the town to establish ranges over which the cattle roamed in the care of a field driver, who protected them from wolves, and prevented them from straying and doing damage to growing crops. The range which accommodated this neighborhood is thus described: "7:1:71 [1671]. Its ordered concerning herding of cattell that from Cros Bridge to Henry boutells Shall bee one herd." Cross Bridge is near the centre of the town on the North Chelmsford road. Three other herds were laid out at the same time for other sections of the town. Boutell came from Cam- bridge. Savage (Gen. Diet.) gives the name Bowtell or Boutwell. He married Elizabeth Bowers April 25, 1657. He returned again to Cambridge, where his will came to probate, June 21, 1681. The last clause reads: "Moreover my will is that my beloved wife may have the use of my now dwelling house with the sixe acres adjoining to it during her naturall life but in case She see good to goe and live with her son bowers then to have halfe the rent the said hous and land produceth," etc. A highway, which is marked in the margin "Country Way," meaning a road leading from town to town, was laid out in 1674. In the transcript made in 1742 it is marked "Dunstable Highway." The following description is given in the original record (Book A, 1656, p. 125): ♦Book Q, p. 215. 528 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Country The 1 Day of January 1674. leften Thomas hinchman and lilten Way. Samuell Foster beeing Apointed by the towne to Joyne with leftenant Whealer and Abraham parker the comitty to lay out the Contry way from Donstable to Chelmsford thay Doe Joyntly Agree on both parties that the way shall in Chelmsford bowns beegine att mr Tings Farme and so to bee sixe polls wide and so to Continew as by marked treese Downe to Jerathmell bowers land and so to black brook into the Contry way that comes from merimack this is a trew Rettorne of the Comity as above Datted witt[nlis. Samuel Adams Clerk This corresponded to the road which passes from Dunstable through North Chelmsford towards the centre of the town till it comes to the north side of Drum Hill, swinging there to the left over an old road still open, for the greater part of the way, and coming out on Westford Street near the house of Sewall Bowers. The travel to Boston from Dunstable, and the towns above, passed over this road for many years, passing what is now the Chelmsford town farm and crossing the Concord River at Billerica. The Sewall Bowers farm has been in the family possession as far back as the history of it is known. The dwelling is, I think, the oldest now standing in Lowell. It is said to be two hundred years old, which I think not improbable. Here lived Jerathmell Bowers (born May 2, 1650), one of the prominent men of the time. He probably came to Chelmsford with the family of Henry Boutell, who was his step-father. He was a son of George Bowers who was in Plymouth in 1639, and afterwards removed to Cambridge. (Savage.) He was the ancestor of those of that name in this vicinity. Jerathmell was a man of some wealth. He was chosen representative to the General Court, and, as captain in the military, performed good service against the Indians. Chief Justice Samuel Sewall made a tour of inspection through Middlesex County. In his diary he wrote: "Monday, Oct. 26, 1702. . "Went to Chelmsford, by that time got there twas almost dark; Saw Capt. Bowers and his company; Gave a volley and Huzzas; Sup'd at Mr. Clark's. I and Col. Pierce in his study."* This diary has been printed in the "Collections of the Massa- chusetts Historical Society." In the printed volume the name is Bowles but in the original manuscript it is Bowers. The Mr. Clark at whose house they supped, was the minister, Rev. Thomas Clark, an ancestor of Gov. John Hancock. Bowers removed to Groton a short time before his death, which occurred in 1724. His gravestone in Groton bears the following inscription, as given in "Groton Epitaphs," by Hon. Samuel A. Green: Here Lyes ye Body of Capt JERATHMELL BOWERS Who Deed. April ye 23d 1724 in ye 78th Year of His Age. *Sewall Papers, Vol. II, p. 67. ■I r^ ^ PAPERS BY AIR. H. S. PERHAM 529 His wife is buried in Chelmsford. Her epitaph reads as follows : Here Lyes ye Body of Mrs. Elizabeth Bowers Wife to Capt Jerathmell Bowers Who Deed March 4th 1721 in ye 76 Year of Her Age. Near it is: Nathaniel Bowers Son of Mr. Jerathmel & Ms Sarah Bowers Deed. Februry ye 27th 1726 Aged 4 years & 11 Mo. The will of Jerathmell Bowers was lodged for probate June 10, 1724. He mentions three sons, Jonathan, Samuel and Jerathmeel ; three daughters, Elizabeth Shed, Hannah Wilson and Mary- Page; grandson, Jerathmeel Pearce, son of daughter Hannah; grandson Benjamin, son of son Jonathan, and children of son John, deceased. An administratrix was appointed Jan. 27, 1752, on estate of Jerathmael Bowers, and John Shed was appointed guardian of his son Jerathmal, in his third year. Jerathmael Bowers made his will Feb. 23, 1764, which was probated Sept. 18, 1764, and the widow, Elizabeth, appointed executrix. He mentions: Sons — Oliver of Chelmsford, and Charles of Charles- town; daughters — Lucy Colburn and Betty Peirce, both of Dunstable; grand-daughter, Sarah, wife of Simeon Butterfield of Merrimack, N. H. Jonathan Bowers made his will April 6, 1756, which was probated Nov. 29, 1756. He mentions five sons, Isaac, William, Benjamin, Francis and Luke; daughters, Mary and Hannah; son Jonathan of Litchfield, deceased, and that one's sons, Benjamin and Francis. No other estate of Bowers of Chelmsford was settled through the probate office, down to modern times.* Jan. 2, 1683, Jerathmeel Bowers of Chelmsford, conveys to John Cooper, Jr., of Cambridge, six acres of land in Cambridge, with buildings, "sometime the dwelling of Henry Boutell, decd."t Sept. 16, 1703, Capt. Jerathmeel Bowers, and Elizabeth, his wife, convey interest in Wamesit lands, north of Merrimack, to the Varnums-I Same parties to Sam. Sadey, cordwainer, Sept. 21, 1711. Capt. Bowers to son Jonathan, land in Chelmsford, 1710: N. by land of Thos. Sewell. W. by John Spalding, Sr. S. by Capt. Bowers. E. by common. § Capt. Bowers and Elizabeth to son Jerathmeel, Jan. 6, 1713: N. upon county road. S. upon Jona. Bowers. W. upon Eben Parkhurst. E. upon Capt. Bowers and a ditch, II *Mr. George A. Gordon. +Lib. VIII, Fol. 526. iXIII, 736. §XVi, 239. II XVI, 325. 630 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Joseph Spalding, Sr., to Jerah. Bowers, Jr., land on Wamesit Neck, lot 16, 18 acres. There were two footways laid out in this section, described as follows: "By appointment of the townesmen ther is tew foott waies A highway laid out through the land of John Wright the one begining at the still next to Jerathmell bowers and so to the cartt brige and then below the orchard to the land of Jonathan butterfeild and then close by the fence of John wright vp to the drift way and the other begining against John Sheplies and then straight to the drift way at Jonathan buterfilds barne by William underwood's and Jrathmell bowers and for partt of satisfaction hee hath taken apece of land about an acer and halfe bonendid North vp on the towne common east vp on the medow of John wright south vp on the lands of Jonathan Butterfeild and west upon land of John wright: Recorded by order of the Selectt men 21 7mo 1677."* In the transcript which was made of the first two books of town records, the word still is given stile, but in the original it is plainly still. This, perhaps, explains why all roads tended to Jerathmell Bowers'. That "still" was the word intended, is made evident by the fact that in 1686, Oct. 5, Jerathmeel Bowers and John Fisk were licensed by the court to sell "strong waters." Sept. 4, 1688, Jerathmeel Bowers and Cornelius Waldo were licensed, and in 1687 Edward Spalding was appoinged "Gager." John Fisk was a son of the minister, and Cornelius Waldo was deacon of the church and lived at the centre of the town. No stigma attached to that occupation in those times. The sentiment which then seems to have prevailed upon the temperance question was, that liquor was bad for the Indian but very good for the white man. An instance of the enforcement of the law against selling to Indians is given in the records, book 1656, p. 150: "The 24 day of march 167f Abraham Parker senior with his tew sonnes Moses and Isack weare Acused for seling of strong lickers to severall endians Contrary to the law established they doe each of them freely Acknolige ther faults ther in and doe heare by bind them selves severaly unto the selectmen of Chelmsford never hear after to sell any more Stronge lickers to any Indians as wittness our hands the day above." Mr. Sewall Bowers states that he found a circular space paved with stones, near his garden below his house, and opposite to it evidence of an old cellar. He called the paved space an Indian hearth. Is it not more likely that he has discovered the foundation of Jerathmell Bowers' "still"? The description given of the two footways indicates that three of those whose names are there mentioned, viz: John Wright, John Shepley, and Jonathan Butterfield, were located on the east side of Black Brook, in the neighborhood of Pine and Parker Streets. In the description of the line between Pawtucket and Chelmsford, in 1665, Butterfield's highway is mentioned. John Shipley, or Shepley, was one of the early settlers of Salem. In 1637 he was living in that part of Salem which became ♦Book 1656, p. 129. PAPERS BY MR. H. S. PERHAM 531 Wenham. His wife was admitted into the church at Wenham Aug. 15, 1648. He disposed of his lands in Wenham to William Fiske (a brother to the minister), and removed, with his minister, Rev. John Fiske, to Chelmsford in 1655. Shipley had three children, John, born at Salem in 1637; Nathaniel, born in 1639; and Lydia born in 1641. They were baptised into the church at Chelmsford Dec. 1, 1656. John Shepley died Sept. 10, 1678, and his widow Ann July 11, 1685. The second John Shepley removed, with his family, to Groton, where, with one exception, they were all massacred by the Indians. The inscription on the Shepley monument in Groton, says : "The Indians massacred all the Sheples in Groton save a John Sheple, 16 years old who the[y] carried captive to Canada and kept him 4 years, after which he returned to Groton and from him descended all the Sheples or Shepleys in this vicinity." John Shipley and Susannah, his wife, sold his "homestead lott & land" in Chelmsford, in 1698, to Jerathmel Bowers. The first John Shipley has, however, numerous descendants now living in this vicinity, through the marriage of his daughter, Lydia, to John Perham in 1664. John Perham settled upon the farm where I now live, in Chelmsford. I am of the eighth generation from John Shipley. During the time of Indian troubles places of rendezvous were designated at which the people were to take refuge in case of alarm. In the "Settlement of the Garrison in the Wt Regiment of Middx.* March, 169^," there are nineteen garrison houses given for Chelmsford. The first on the list is "Jerathmiel Bowers and with him Jno. Wright, Ebenezer Wright, Joseph Wright, Jno. Shipley, Joseph Parker and their families — 8 men." The last two on the list, which were doubtless on the north side of the river, were "Samuel Varnum and Jno. Whittaker, Jno. Walker, Ezra Colbum — 10 men," and "Edward Colburn and with him Jno. Colbum — 3 men." John, Joseph and Ebenezer Wright were the sons of John Wright of Wobum. Ebenezer removed, later, to the part of town now in Westford. Hodgman (historian of Westford) says he lived upon what is now the Edwin Heyward farm, near Chamberlin's Corner. John Wright remained at the neck. His wife was appointed to teach the children of the neighborhood. The order reads: "Chelmsford Agust the 26th 1699 the selectmen of said Town Apointed Samuell Fletcher Junr Schoolmaster to Learne young persons to write: on the Day Above said Selectmen Apointed for Scooldames: Decon Fosters wife Jno. Wrights: Moses Baratts wife and Joshua Fletchers wife."t Deacon Foster lived near the centre of the town, Moses Barrett upon South Row, and Joshua Fletcher in the Stony Brook neighborhood. ♦The New England Historical and Genealogical Register, October, 1889. tBook 1656, p. 189. 532 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Jonathan Butterfield, whose bam is mentioned in the descrip- tion of the footway, was born in England.* He came to this country with his father Benjamin. In 1638 they were living in Charlestown; in 1640 at Woburn, where Jonathan's brothers, Nathaniel, Samuel and Joseph, were born. Benjamin Butter- field's name heads the Hst of petitioners for the Chelmsford grant in 1653. He died at Chelmsford March 2, 1687-8. His sons all lived and died in Chelmsford. Samuel Butterfield, a son of Nathaniel, was a man of some prowess as an Indian fighter. He was taken prisoner by the Indians at Groton, in August, 1704, and remained a captive upwards of a year, f His petition to the General Court after his release, sets forth that he was an inhabitant of Chelmsford sent by Capt. Jerathmel Bowers to Groton to help Col. Taylor, when the enemy came upon them. From some early accounts of the affair, it appears that Butterfield made a vigorous resistance, and before being captured, slew an Indian Sagamore "of great dexterity in war," in consequence of which the Indians proposed to inflict upon him a death by torture, but the squaw of the slain Indian interceded in his behalf and his life was spared. John Shepley, then living in Groton, was paid four pounds for killing an Indian in the same engagement. A Lieutenant Butterfield, while returning from Dunstable, two years later, was set upon by Indians. His horse was shot and his wife taken captive, "and Jo English, a friend Indian, in company ym, was at the same time slain." Another resident of this section was Joseph "Parkis." He was a son of George Parkhurst, who came from England and settled at Watertown, an ancestor of a family which has always been prominent in Chelmsford. One of the footways passed through Joseph Parkhurst 's land and he was granted an acre elsewhere in compensation. He was granted a "house lott fifteen acers . . . west by town highway to the mill north by land of Thomas Sewell east by town common south by land of John Wright." The term "town common" meant land which had not been granted to individuals, and was held by the proprietors in common. Also, "Joseph Parkis is granted Tenn Rods of Land Lying by the swamp side against his house to make a garden and Well: and approved of by Henry Boutall and John Wright." Parkhurst (or son) later removed to the Stony Brook neighborhood, now in Westford, where he died. William Underwood and John Spalding both had grants of land here, but it is uncertain where their dweUings were. James Parker had a large grant of land near the Indian line. He was one of five brothers who came from Woburn to Chelmsford. He was admitted an inhabitant Feb. 1, 1656. He early removed to Groton, where he became the most influential inhabitant of *The Butterfields of Middlesex, by George A. Gordon, A. M. tGroton during Indian Wars. PAPERS BY MR. H. S. PERHAM 533 that town.* After the destruction of Groton by the Indians, in the spring of 1676, Parker again found an asylum among his old neighbors of Chelmsford, as we learn from a letter addressed by him to the governor and council at Boston, "From Mr. hinchmans ffarme ner meremack: 23: 1 mo. 16^f." James Richardson and Thomas Hinchman were near neigh- bors. They lived near the Indian line, as appears by the following description of land laid out to James Richardson: "48 acres east by tree joining upon the Indian line there is a highwaie laid through the midst of the said Thomas [Hinchman] for the use of the said Thomas Hinchman's house." Richardson was a soldier against the Indians in King Philip's war. His good services were recognized by Captain Wheeler at the engagement at Brookfield, which will be mentioned later on. In 1668 a highway was laid out in this section, described as follows (page 53, Transcript) : Mr. Webbs Highway. "Mr. John Webb desiring a highway from his Farm over Merimack River to wards Chelmsford: The Selectmen con- sidering thereof: have apointed William Fletcher and James Parker to Lay out the Same, and the fore sd. William Fletcher and James Parker make there Return to the Selectmen that they have determined the fore sd. Way to begin at Merimack River where Mr. John Webb made his Wair: and so to be of a sufficient breadth for Carting: and to run through to the common." This introduces us to John Webb, alias Evered, the first settler upon the north side of the river, and the man in whose honor the town of Dracut was named. Webb, or Evered, obtained his land by a grant from the General Court to the military officers, the record of which is as follows:! "June 7 1659 laid out to Left. Peter Oliver Capt. James Oliver Capt. James Johnson and ensigne John Evered: 1000 ace: of land: in ye wildernesse on ye northerne side of Merimack river: lying about nahamkeage being bounded with merimack river on ye south and on ye west, the wilderness else wher surrounding according to marked trees: as by a platt taken of the same is demonstrated by Jonathan Danforth surveyr." Webb doubtless purchased the right of the other grantees to this tract, as their names do not appear in any later transfers. A. C. Varnum, Esq., in his article upon Dracut, in J. W. Lewis & Co.'s History of Middlesex County, states in relation to the residence of Webb, "It was on the river bank below the old 'Captain Blood Place,' later owned and occupied by William H. Durkee, and now owned by Dr. George W. Clement, formerly of Dracut, now of Boston." Webb's highway must, then, have passed through the J. C. Ayer farm, purchased by him from the Howards. An old path is still to be seen leading, under the railroad, down to the river. A ferry was maintained at this point within the memory of persons now living. *Groton Indian Wars. tState Archives, Plans and Maps, Book 1, p. 7. 534 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Webb, before coming to Chelmsford, was a merchant in Boston, and the honors bestowed upon him soon after his settlement here argue that he was regarded as a person of consequence. Webb came to this country in the ship James, which sailed from England in April, 1635, and arrived June 3rd. In the list of passengers his name is given John Webb alias Evered, laborer or husbandman, Marlboro in Wiltshire. The htmible occupation given and the alias may both have been for the purpose of deluding the English authorities who sometimes prevented persons of prominence from embarking for America. There is some evidence that he was in this country at an earlier date and after returned to England, as John Webb, then a single man, was admitted to the church of Boston Feb. 9, 1634. He was admitted a freeman Dec. 7, 1636, and a member of the Artillery Company in 1643. This was the famous organization now known as the "Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company." His residence in Boston was upon that historic spot now known as the "Old Corner Book Store." A former occupant of the property was the gifted but unfortunate Anne Hutchinson, who was banished from the colony because of the disturbance in the church caused by the promulgation of her peculiar religious views. Some time after the banishment of the Hutchinsons Mr. John Evered, alias Webb, bought the property, consisting of a house and half an acre of land, of a relative of the family, Richard Hutchinson of London. At that time what is now Washington Street was known as the road to Roxbury, and School Street was "School-house Lane." The brick building now standing upon that corner was built about 1712, and is one of the oldest brick buildings now standing in Boston. Webb sold a portion of this estate in 1661, probably about the time of his removal to Chelms- ford. He made several other transfers of real estate in Boston. One of these, Oct. 30, 1665, was to William Alford, and is described as "Land & ware houses upon the town way down upon the flats"; another in May of the same year, to Thomas Deane, of a dwelling house and land on "the broad street." The Town of Chelmsford granted several parcels of land to "Mr. John Webb," under date of November 9, 1661. All of these were near to Merrimack River. He was chosen, by the Town of Chelmsford, deputy to the General Court in 1663, 1664 and 1665. In the list of members of the General Court in 1663 his name is given Ensigne John Webb, and for the session of 1664 it appears as Ensigne Jno. Euered. In 1664 he and Samuel Adams were "empowred to joyne persons in marriage that shall be duely published according to lawe wth in the toune of Chelmsford." But alas for human frailty. While Webb was attending a session of the General Court at Boston, in May, 1665, he was convicted of unchaste conduct, at the tavern of Jno. Vialls, where he was staying, and the court acted in the case with true Puritan rigor. His sentence was: PAPERS BY MR. H. S. PERHAM 535 "To pay twenty pounds as a fine to ye country »& be discharged the Court and his comissions for civil and millitary trust, and to stand disfranchised, & all during the pleasure of this Courte, & give bond wth sufificjent suretjes to the value of one hundred pounds for his good abearing during the pleasure of this Court, & stand comitted till the sentence be performed." The next year: "The Court being informed that Mr John Euered aljas Webb hath payd his fine, & carried it humbly & submissively, & under a due sence of his sinne, the Court Judgeth it meete to sett him at liberty from the rest of the sentence of this Court," and the Town of Chelmsford were given liberty to "make chojce of military officers as they shall see meete." Webb obtained, by purchase from the Indians, Wickisuck Island (now called Tyng's Island) in the Merrimack River. This was, in 1665, released to Wannalancet and other Indians, by order of the Court, and Webb was granted five hundred acres elsewhere in compensation. In 1664 Webb disposed of a portion of his land. The following is the description of the conveyance (Mdx. Deeds, Vol. Ill, p. 347): "John Evered alias Webb, of Drawcutt upon Merrimack (Co. of Norfolk) to Richard Shatswell and Saml Varnum of Ipswich, for £400 One halfe of the farme of Drawcutt aforesaid, except the field with the houses barnes, struc- tures, edifices & Buildings & the garden, the field mentioned to be called the upper field, and three acres of the lower field below the the log fence next the barne to containe 1100 acres. 10 Jan. 1664." This is the earliest mention of the name Dracut. Webb, as we have seen, came from Wiltshire, England, where Dracut, or Draycote, was a local name. Webb came to his death in a singular manner. The date given in the Chelmsford records is Oct. 1, 1668. Rev. Simon Bradstreet's journal contains the following account (Gen. Reg., Vol. IX, p. 44): "1668 Mr. Jno. Webbe, who sometime liued at Boston was drowned Octob. catching a whale below the Castle. In coiling vp ye line vnad- visedly he did it about his middle thinking the whale had been dead, but suddenly shee gaue a Spring and drew him out of the boat, he being in ye midst of the line, but could not bee recouered while he had any life. (Mr. Webb's death, as after I was better informed was not altogether so as related.)" After Webb's death his widow sold the estate to Jno. Faire- weather, Sept. 4, 1669. And in 1671 Thomas Hinchman sold the Shatswell portion of the eleven hundred acres bought of Webb, to Edward Cobum. All the transfers of property in Dracut previous to 1700, are given in an article by E. W. Thompson, in the Lowell Journal of April 1, 1887. Edward Coburn and Samuel Varnum were the first actual settlers to follow Webb. They both came from Ipswich, and were the ancestors of families which have always been prominent in Dracut and vicinity. 536 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD In speaking of people upon the north side of the river I have called them citizens of Chelmsford, and, previous to the incorpora- tion of Dracut, in 1701, they were so regarded, although the Chelmsford grant never extended beyond the Merrimack River. The people living there voted, paid taxes and attended meeting in Chelmsford. In the Chelmsford minister's rate, March 30th, 1671, are the names of at least six persons who lived on the north side of the river. They were Samuel Varnum, John Coborn, Robert Coborn, Edward Coborn, Thomas Coborn, and Edward Coborn, Sen. When some of the people attempted to escape from their responsibilities to Chelmsford the court established their relations by the following order (Records of Mass., Vol. IV, Part 2, p. 351): "Vpon information of sundry ffarmes erected aboue the Farmes abt toune of Chelmsford, about Merrimack River, whose Merremack to inhabitants pretend their sajd farmes to be out of the belong to County of Midlesex, & possibly be not conteyned in any Chelmsford & county, it is therefore ordered by this Court & the authority Midlesex thereof, that all & euery the inhabitants of such farmes as Courts there are or shall be improoued shall, in all points, haue their dependances vpon, & performe services, & beare chardges wth the sajd toune of Chelmsford, & that the sajd ffarmers repaire to the Courts of Midlesex for justice, & all, till this Court take further order, any lawe or custome to the contrary notwthstanding. 1667 Oct 9. The following action by the town of Chelmsford, in 1706, terminated the relationship: "Voted that Draw Cutt shall not voat in Chelmsford." Edward Coburn, Jr., was killed by the Indians, at Brookfield, July 14, 1675. He was a soldier in Captain Wheeler's company of horsemen, who were waylaid by the Indians near that place, and thirteen of their number killed or mortally wounded. The remnant of the company then took refuge in a garrison house in the town, where they repelled the assaults of the foe for two days and nights, when they were relieved by a force under Major Willard. There were three other Chelmsford soldiers in that engagement, viz., James Richardson, John Fiske and John Waldo, the latter of whom was wounded. Captain Wheeler, when he became incapacitated by reason of his wounds from continuing the command, "appointed Simon Davis of Concord, James Richardson and John Fiske of Chelmsford, to manage affairs for our safety," etc. Of those who settled within the present limits of the City of Lowell, prior to the year 1700, Maj. Thos. Hinchman was, without doubt, the most influential person. He was often selected by his townsmen, and also by the General Court, for the most delicate and responsible services. And whether he was called upon to negotiate with the Indians or to act as a committee to seat the meeting-house, his conclusions were accepted with confidence; and as seating the meeting-house meant the assignment of the different families to the seats to which by their relative consequence PAPERS BY MR. H. S. PERHAM 537 they were entitled, it is uncertain which of those two kinds of service would call for the most skillful diplomacy. A study of the history of the town at that period cannot fail to inspire a genuine respect for the character of this man. He was withal a very modest man. He shrunk from accepting the office of deacon of the church because of want of confidence in his fitness. (Fiske Records.) As trustee for the Indians he seems to have held the entire confidence of the Pawtuckets, both before and after the breaking out of hostilities. This is the strongest evidence that his actions were governed by principles of justice. The fact that Chelmsford suffered less from Indian depredations than most of the frontier towns was doubtless due, in a great measure, to his wise manage- ment. Thomas Hinchman was admitted an inhabitant of Concord in 1654. The name is spelled in various ways in the records. Farmer says that he spelled it Hinchman, and that it was pro- nounced as if spelled Hinksman. He was a magistrate, a major of the Middlesex regiment, and a representative to the General Court in 1666, 1667, 1671 and 1676. Upon the breaking out of King Philip's war, in 1675, several garrison houses were built in different parts of the town. Hinch- man erected one for this neighborhood of which the following account appears in the Records of Massachusetts, Vol. V, p. 54: "Whereas Left. Thomas Hinchman hath been at great charge in providing flfor the diet of serteine souldjers appointed to garrison his house upon Merre- macke Riuer, where sundry Englishmen, his neighbours, are concerned, which is a very apt place to secure that frontier, and besides, the sajd Hinch- man hauing, vpon all occasions, binn very serviceable, and hath expended much time and charge to put in execution sundry orders and directions sent to him from the council, this Court doe order, that the souldiers of that garrison be maintayned both for diet at the toune of Chelmsfords charge for the tjme to come, and vntill the Court or council take further order; and further more, that tenn pounds be allowed him for his extraordinary expense and labor out of the country tresury." The tradition in reference to this garrison house is that it stood upon the bank of the river about opposite to what is now Wood Street. Judge Samuel P. Hadley states that, when the water in the river was low, he has seen what was evidently an old well laid up with brick. The bricks were wide at the outer end so that they would fit together when laid in a circle. He also found near it the skeleton of an Indian woman. The atrocities of Phihp's war excited the greatest animosity in the minds of the people towards the Indians, and when some of Eliot's Christian Indians were found among the parties that were burning and pillaging the exposed settlements, popular feeling toward all Indians became very bitter. The court enacted very severe measures, which it is not pleasant to dwell upon. Eliot and Gookin, and some others, who were more intimately acquainted with the Indian character, exercised their influence in favor of more moderate measures, but without avail. Several 538 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD of the peacefully disposed Pawtuckets were wantonly shot because they were suspected of having burned a barn and haystack. The state of the public mind at the time may be inferred by the language of the order of the court for the investigation of the affair (Mass. Records, Vol. V, p. 57): "13 Oct. 1675. Whereas the Wamesit Indians are vehemently suspected to be actors and consentors to the burning of a haystack at Chelmsford, this Court judgeth it meet that such Englishmen as cann inform or give evidence in the case be forthwith sent for, and those Indians now at Charls Toune, and the case to be heard by this Court, then and there to consider and conclude what wth the sajd Indians." The following spring, 1676, the Pawtuckets withdrew into the wilderness; not however until they had retaliated upon the English (Drake's Hubbard, Vol. I, p. 222): "At Chelmsford the said Wamesit Indians about March 18th before fell upon some Houses on the North side of the River, burnt down three or four that belonged to the Family of Edward Colburn: the said Colburn with Samuel Varnham his Neighbor being pursued as they passed over the River to look after their Cattel on that side of the River; and making several Shots against them who returned the like again upon the said Indians (judged to be about forty) what success they had upon the enemy was best known to themselves; but two of Varnham's sons were slain by the Enemies Shot before they could recover the other side of the river. April 15 also were fourteen or fifteen houses burnt there." The author of this account was Rev. William Hubbard of Ipswich. He was a former neighbor of Cobum and Varnum at Ipswich, and he doubtless obtained his information from them. I think buildings was what was meant when he gives the nimiber as fourteen or fifteen. There could not have been that nimiber of separate dwellings on that side of the river at the time. This conduct of the Pawtuckets occasioned great alarm. Wannalancet must be won back if possible, and who could better accomplish this desirable object than the just and moderate Hinchman. The court directed Lieut. Thomas Hinchman and Cornet Thomas Brattle as follows: "You are to endeavor either one or both of you (if it may bee) to gain the Indian Sachem Wannalanset to com in againe and live at wamesit quietly [and] pecabley: you may promise him in the councills name yt if hee will returne & his people and Hue quietly at Wamesit hee shall susteyne no pruidise by the English; only you are to ppose to him yt he deliuer for a hostage to the English his sonne who shalbe wel vsed by vs. & in case hee come in and can bee gained then you are to impour him to informe the Pennakooke and Natacook indians and all other Indians on the east side of Merrimack River, that they may Hue quietly and peacably in yr places and shall not be disturbed any more by the english provided they do not assist or ioyne with any of or enimiy nor do any dammage or periudice to ye english." Later, in 1685, Hinchman reminded the court that Wannalancet and other Indians had received no acknowledgement for their services in the treaty with the Indians at Pennacook; and in PAPERS BY MR. H. S. PERHAM 539 two Indians from Pennacook came to Mainr ^J.l ' ^ ,' Imported a plot against the life of ^Sjor wSon o^Po.r^" ^"^ fatal night of June 27th, while the courie? was data ned J-^\ *" h^"se^s,^%rdThrdt.^tt^^Sn?^hT^^^^^^^^^^ .^. fn"ro?d%ret:v^kss^-i|{Sl HERE LYETH YE BODY OF MAJOR THOMAS HINCHMAN Aged 74 Years Decd. July ye 17 1703. doubSl':" sTe t^^^^^^^ '' his property. It was the bulk of hif estate to hTs wirgli 'aSr Th^ """''■ ^' ''^' bequests, one of five pounds Ind';,n^?.f;- I^T T'^ ^^° ^^^er to his minister, Re^ TLmls CwT'^'^ Warren, 'W kinsm^n^b/rrrlgef and Ruth \t^^^^ ^'T^ kmswoman, ye house and all IhlJj f^^f^^^h, his wife, my dear Blanchards' (L cZ^X calledV' ^ ^^'^-^ '' to Joseph Warren is th/r^rl ^' ^ , ^^ ^^^ bequeathed at ChelLsford Centre It hLh"" ''''"'.^ ^^ J°'^P^ E^arren family. It,is pheasant to ''Ct''^T^''?:::l^, S^^"^" Hmchman IS still kept green in the Warren7aSS7 Mr P ""5' Warren, the present town treasurer of CheSrd ff^QP] ^• named m his honor, E. Hinchman Wan-en ^ ^ ^' ^^^ section from the%?af r7li)"L'?,5n^ the development of this facturing in 1823^ whch resulted '?^^^^^^^ f '"""" "^""^- prosperous city. Some writers hipl. ^i ^7^^°?"^^"^ ^^ this JaSran^/f ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ %' KmacT^^^^e'rTt^ r,!.r' f ^^^ ^^^ ^^'-^ ^^"^^e History of the Peoole of ?h??f v''^ c"""^" industry. "The McMaster, in speaW o the ^l^^'r^'f ^'f 'I ^^ J°^" Bach says (Vol. I p 61^ ^ condition of the people in 1820, 540 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD "When, in 1820, the fourth census was taken the country around Lowell was a wilderness where sportsmen shot game. The splendid falls which now furnish power to innumerable looms, were all unused, and the two hundred needy beings who comprised the whole population of the town, found their sole support in the sturgeon and alewives taken from the waters of the Concord and Merrimack." It is unnecessary to prove to the members of the Old Residents ' Association, the falsity of this picture of poverty. The canals, bridges, schoolhouses, and manufacturing establishments of various kinds then in operation, gave ample evidence of the presence of an intelligent, thrifty and enterprising people. The social condition of the other parts of the town may be inferred from the fact that Dr. John C. Dalton was engaged in the practice of his profession at the centre of the town ; Willard Parker, one of Chelmsford's sons, who later acquired more than a national reputation in the medical profession, was teaching the district school; Joel Adams, A. M., was practicing law; Rev. Wilkes Allen, at his handsome residence, had just completed his "History of Chelmsford"; and only five years later, in this territory which the historian would have us believe was something of a wilderness, Ralph Waldo Emerson was teaching the Chelmsford Classical School, and among the youth of the town who were his pupils, were Benjamin P. Hunt and Josiah G. Abbott. THE FOLKS AT THE NECK (nOW LOWELL), IN YE OLDEN TIME. READ BEFORE THE OLD RESIDENTS* HISTORICAL ASSOCIA- TION, LOWELL, MASS., DECEMBER 21, 1897, BY HENRY S. PERHAM, CHELMSFORD. In a former paper* I gave some account of the early settlers of Chelmsford, who located near the borders of the Indian reserva- tion upon land now included within the limits of the City of Lowell. Their homes were scattered along the Merrimack inter- vale and upon the easily cultivated plain about Mt. Pleasant. This section included what is now Middlesex Village and extending along up the river, to the Stony Brook and as far south as the No. 2, or North Row, schoolhouse, came to be known as the North End. The Indians' land passed to an association of individuals in Chelmsford in 1686, by what is known as the Wamesit Purchase; it included practically the whole of original Lowell. The period embraced in this paper is from the opening up this tract to settle- ment up to the time of the revolution. The section from the North End eastward between the Merri- mack and River Meadow brook was called the Great Neck in distinction from Concord River Neck, which lay between the River Meadow brook and the Concord River. But the simple name Neck came to be more generally adopted. The name Wamesit also clung to this entire tract for some time. ♦The Early Settlers of that part of Chelmsford now Lowell. PAPERS BY MR. H. S. PERHAM 541 The people who occupied this section performed their political duties in Chelmsford and attended meeting there, although no formal act of annexation was passed until 1826.* This step was brought about by the refusal of the General Court to seat the representative of Chelmsford, Stephen Pierce, whose home was in Wamesit, on the ground of his not being a resident of Chelmsford. Rev. Wilkes Allen, the historian of Chelmsford, states that "His [Stephen Pierce's] house, the cellar of which is now [1820] visible, was between Capt. Isaac Chamberlain's and Mr. Samuel Marshall's houses. "f Chamberlain lived at what is now called the Jenness place on Chelmsford street, and Marshall at what is known as the Noah Spalding house on Parker street. Chelmsford street passes diagonally across the site of the old road between those two points. The house was near the corner of Forrest and Chelmsford streets. The place continued in the Pierce family for several generations. That spot has especial interest as the early home of Gen. Benjamin Pierce, the father of President Frankhn Pierce. Stephen deeded to son Robert March 3, 1730, land "within the now improved general field in Wamesit ajoining to Chelmsford. "t Robert was the uncle of young Benjamin and furnished the latter a home after the death of his father in 1764, and until the alarm guns upon April 19, 1775, called young Benja- min to the stern duties of a soldier. A school was kept in Robert's house in 1755, and probably at other times before a schoolhouse was built in this section. The first of the Pierce family who settled in Chelmsford was Stephen, a tailor. He was granted land at the center of the town in 1671, "a small parsill to sett a house upon, 20 rods south west side of beaver brook bridge." The line of descent from him to Benjamin is ^Stephen Pierce, son of Thomas of Woburn, married Tabitha Parker dau. of Jacob Parker, Nov. 8, 1676. ^Stephen m. Esther Fletcher, Jan. 5, 1707 d. Sept. 9, 1749. ^Benjamin b. Nov. 25, 1726, m. EHzabeth Merrill of Methuen, pub. Aug. 2, 1746; he d. June 16, 1764. ^Benjamin baptised Dec. 12, 1756. Alien! states that "The first English settlements made on the Indian plantation were on the borders of Concord river, upon a plot of ground much resembling a heater, which gave rise to the name Concord River Neck." Here lived Solomon Keyes, (son of Solomon and Frances, b. June 24, 1665,) as early as 1714, || and his hardy son Solomon (b. May 11, 1701,) who later was one of the heroes of the famous Lovewell's fight. Among the original proprietors of the Wamesit Purchase, Benjamin Parker was the only one whose possessions there have continued in the hands of his descendants to the present time. He was a son of Jacob and Sarah Parker, (b. July, 1663). In ♦See "The Wamesit Purchase." tAllen's Chelmsford, p. 45 — Note. tBenj. Parker Papers. §Page 15. II Wamesit Proprietors' records. 542 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD 1732, March 21, he and wife Sarah deeded, "to sons Benjamin and Jona. lands and buildings in Wamesit Purchase" and other property.* This son Benjamin extended this Wamesit property by the purchase of adjoining lots. His brother Philip lived upon an adjoining farm. Perhaps they occupied a barn in common as the minister Rev. Ebenezer Bridge mentions in his diary: "was invited to a barn moving by Benjamin and Philip Parker." A barn moving in those times was a work performed by the united efforts of the neighbors and their oxen, and the minister was invited whenever the people gathered for any laudable purpose. His diary frequently mentions attending barn and house raisings. At the raising of Oliver Barron's tavern at the center of the town, to take the place of one that had been burned, the 34th Psalm was sung. The liquors which were freely served at such occasions were frequently the cause of conduct which brought a sharp reproof from the parson. Benjamin Parker was commissioned by Governor Shirley, July 29, 1754, to be "Second Lieut, of the First Foot Company in Chelmsford, under the Command of Capt. Ebenezer Parker." This interesting document is still preserved by the family of one of his descendants, Mr. Henry E. Parker, at the old home- stead on Pine street where Lieut. Parker lived. Mr. Parker has many other manuscripts and relics of former days, some of which are of great historic value. The year following the date of Lieutenant Parker's commission was one of active military operations in the Colonies. A supreme effort was made in an attempt to accomplish the reduction of Canada. A day of fasting and prayer was observed July 3, 1755. The people gathered at the meeting house and Parson Bridge preached to them from Psakn 102: 13-17, f "Thou shalt arise & have mercy upon Zion for ye Time to favour Her, yea ye set time is come &c." This discourse is interesting as it gives expression to the political sentiments which prevailed at the time, and which prompted them to make the great sacrifices necessary in support of those perilous campaigns. He tells his people: — "Had it not bin for ye French who have settled Northward of us, and Extended Their settlements all along Westward & Even to ye Southward of us — These — Dupes To Arbitrary powr & Tyranny — blind adherers to the Docts of passive obedience & non resistance — base born miscreants. Nour- ished and brot up, upon ye breasts Of ye great Whore, ye Mothr of Harlots — Mortal Enemies To our liberties as English men & as christians — have all along envied our happiness & Taken advantage Of ye darkness & Ignorance of ye poor heathen, the Indians — and set em upon ye most barbarous murders & devastations wch were in their powr To perpetrate — And have not ye whole land Groaned often, on accot of ye Wars wch have prevailed wth em — have not Multitudes of particulr persons & families, mourned and Groaned on accot of ye bereavemts some times Of ye heads, sometimes of ye branches of ye families &c. wch These poor barbarous pple have bin ye Instruments of wch in all likely hood had bin in a great measr prevented if *Benj. Parker papers. tBridge's mss. aermona. Vol. 23. PAPERS BY MR. H. S. PERHAM 543 it had not bin for French religion, French Malice & French policy — perhaps we had by this time bin more successful in our Missions among em To bring em To ye Faith of Christ & his gospel, wch wod have softened their minds, and disposed em To live in love & peace — if it had not bin yt ye notions Of ye papists, inculcated upon em, by French Jesuits are Vastly more agreeable to ye Dark understandings of those unhappy Pagans, than ye sublime Docts & maxims of xtianity, (Christianity) uncorrupted are — And To this source may be attributed ye great advantage ye French have over ye Indians. "Be it so, or frm wt quarter it will. The Indians are in ye Interest of & in subjection to ye French — and These i. e ye French have demonstrated it. That yy have laid schemes for To Overcome us & if possible to root us out — Our knowledge hereof occasions our Vigorous Efforts, In our warlike Enter- prises in this day To resist em & if we Can to bring ye mischief yy design'd us to fall down upon their own heads. Still Thoo. we are alarmed & our Nation Alarmed upon our Accot &c— yet That War shod Arise to us, and That we have reason To go forth in Great Armies one way & anothr to defend ourselves in our just rights, & to remove Encroachments wch are already made upon us, this is Grievous — & it must be look'd upon as a Day of affliction — A day of fear and Calamity — A day & Time calling aloud upon Every one to considr of their ways & their doings — To repent & return unto ye lord frm whom we have departed ought we not firmly to believe & To depend upon it that L (God) will arise & have mercy upon Zion & favr her in ye set time _ when there are such Vast preparations & armaments upon this Continent & yese (these) nothern seas as nevr have bin known before We have heretofore called, & L (God) hath answd — Witness ye remarkable & almost maraculous success in our Expedition agt Cape Breton — Wittness ye remarkable Interposition of ye Divine prov. in ye scattering ye French squadron undr ye Comd of ye Duke D'Anvil, upon our own Coasts, who were Design'd upon our ruin, but Tho nevr followed or resisted by an English squadron, yet baffled, dispersed, ruin'd & turned back ashamed — And shall we not be Encouraged In Faith & prayr frm ye already favourable success granted us — "Our forces frm England arrived safe to ye southward, our own men remarkably spirited To Inlist & to offer emselves to go in & upon ye several Expeditions on foot one way & anothr — A fine squadron of our own upon ye heels of a french one upon our Coasts & already masters of their ships, success of our army at Nova Scotia, plenty at home, & scarcity of provisions among ye french — are not these all Encouraging symptoms. Of good success attending our Enterprises we must not Trust to our own men, our numbrs our Strength or our skill — but in God & to him Shod we cry - - - - We may observe that ye Spirit of ye English Nation in ye pastt day seems to be the ancient spirit — & both ministry & pple seem to be united & not divided as hath bin too Common a Circumstance very favourable an omen (we hope) for Good" "Preached 3 July 1755 Fast day on accot of several Expeditions To drive ye French frm their Encroachments." In the Nova Scotia expedition of that year which resulted in the removal of the Acadians, were twenty-two Chelmsford men, fourteen of whom were with Col. Winslow at Grand Pr^.* [See pages 164, 165, 167.] In the Massachusetts archives are preserved the rolls of some of the soldiers who took part in the expedition against Crown Point, and Bridge's diary furnishes some interesting details in regard to their fate. He writes: "Jona Barron going off on an expedition to Crown Point is made a Lieut prayed with the soldiers at Lieut. Barron's." With Lieut. Barron were twelve *Win3low'3 Journal, Massachusetts Hist. Collection. 544 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Chelmsford men.* They took part in the battle of Lake George and from the losses sustained it is probable that they were in the fray long known as the "bloody morning scout." The news of the battle was received in Chelmsford seven days after and at the same time the call for re-enforcements. "Sept 15 A general muster of companies through the Provinces to raise men to reinforce army at Crown Point. Spent morning at Parkers with officers & this day the news came of the engagement between Gen Johnsons army & the French & Indians, in which Johnsons army came off conquerors having taken the French General & killed 700 officers & men & taken and wounded many. The battle was on the 8 Sept instant. A signal mercy, though at the same time we are called to mourn the loss of divers brave officers & Soldiers to the number of about 120 or 130." Soon rumors began to be received of casualties among the Chelmsford men, which were verified by more definite news, and the dutiful parson was constant in his ministrations to the afflicted families. The account can best be given in his own words. "Sept. 25. Visited the wife of Jona Barron as I did yesterday towards night upon a flying report of her husband being killed 'n the battle ag't the enemy on the way to Crown Point." 26 "Visited IV rs Barron this morning upon the acct of her hearing more news of her husbanc' jeing killed & discoursed with her" "Prayed at Parkers with a company soldiers going off to Crown Point, Capt. Butterfield, of Dunstable." "27 Visited Widow Parker upon a flying report of her son being killed in the fight under Gen. Johnson, so upon the same acct visited wife of Jacob Parker." "30 Visited Mrs. Barron who this day is certified of the death of her husband in the late battle with our enemies in the way toward Crown Point, by an extract of a letter of Maj Nichols (to his wife) who also was wounded in the same engagement, I dis- coursed with her again & endeavored to comfort her" "Visited the wife of Jacob Parker upon [ ] that her husband was certainly [ ] in battle." "Oct 6 P. M. I visited widow Parker she has received a letter from her son Moses in the army whereby is certified to us the death of Lieut Barron, Jacob Parker & James Emery of this town, also visited the widow of Jacob Parker." Lieut. Jonathan Barron was a son of Lieut. Jona. and Rebecca Barron. Jacob Parker was a son of John and Rebecca. Emery was son of Zachariah Emery. The town record of deaths states: "Died in the Grate Battle at Lake George September 8th 1755." Lieut. Benj. Parker died in 1771, and was buried from his home upon what is now Pine Street. One of the customs, of long standing at that time, was the giving of gloves at funerals. In the case of persons prominent in Church, state, or society, this custom was often carried to great excess. Alice Morse Earle saysf "one great expense of a funeral was the gloves. In some communities these were sent as an approved form of invitation to relatives and friends and dignitaries whose presence was desired." The Parkers followed the prevailing practice. ♦Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 94, p. 105. tCuatoms of New England, p. 116. B/, TIST CHURCH, CHELMSFORD CENTRE ^°- ?^ CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH, CHELMSFORD CENTRE PAPERS BY MR. H. S. PERHAM 545 The bill for the gloves and other mourning articles, reads as follows :* "Mr BENJ PARKER to SAMSON STODDARD Dr 1771 May 23 — To 15 pr mens Gloves To 2 pr mens Black Ditto To 19 pr woms Ditto To 3 pr woms Black Ditto To 3 Black handkerchief To 3 Vails To 1 yd Black Ribbond To 1 Black Fan To 3 yrds hat band Crape dd Mr William Peirce for the Funl of Lieut Benja Parker Late of Chelmsford Deceased." Mr. Stoddard was the merchant at the centre of the town. The bill is written in an excellent hand — although by a graduate of Harvard College. The manner in which a house was prepared for a funeral is thus described by Mrs. Stowe in her charming story "Oldtown Folks." "It was a doctrine of those good old times, no less than of many in our present days, that a house invaded by death should be made as forlorn as hands could make it. It should be rendered as cold and stifT, as unnatural, as dead and corpse-like as possible, by closed shutters, looking-glasses pinned up in white sheets, and the locking up and hiding out of sight of any pleasant little familiar object which would be thought out of place in a sepulchre." The hour having arrived let us enter the dwelling thus pre- pared for the occasion and pay our tribute of respect to the memory of the departed. In the best room are seated the family and near relatives, the Parkers and Blodgetts. In the other rooms wearing the funeral gloves provided for the occasion are "Mr. Robert Peirce, Mr. Stephen Peirce, Mr. Jacob Howard and Wife, Mr Benja Butterfield and Wife, Mr Joseph Peirce and Wife, Mr. William Peirce and Wife, Silas Peirce and Wife, Joseph Warren, William Bowers, Daniel Keyes, Mis Elizabeth Clark, Wid Abagil Bates, Wid Martha Howard, Wid Susana Fletcher, Wid Sarah Fletcher, Mis Lydda Bates, Mary Bowers, Lusy Fletcher, Sarah Fletcher, Rachel Howard, Thankful Peirce. For the Bairs (bearers) Capt Ebenezer Parker, Capt Epa Spaulding Esq, Capt Zacriah Richard- son Left Jona Spaulding Left Joseph Moor, Mr. Robert Peirce. "f The minister, Rev. Ebenezer Bridge, alights from his chaise and with staid and dignified bearing, enters the house of mourning. He ofifers prayer and the services are concluded. The coffin is placed upon the bier and, followed by the procession, is borne *Benj. Parker papera. t"The persons that are to Receive the Gloves." The spelling is as it appears in the original paper. 546 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD over the long winding road to the burial ground at the centre of the town, four miles away.* The bell slowly tolling from the church tower from the time the procession comes in view. The inscription upon the grave stone is: Here lies the Body of Lieut BENJAMIN PARKER who departed this Life May 23d 1771 Aged 72 years 8 months & 11 days The funeral sermon was preached at the meeting house, the Sabbath following the burial. This was preceded by a request from the family of the deceased, for the prayers of the congregation that their loss may be sanctified to them for their spiritual good. A favorite discourse of Parson Bridge for such occasions was from the text in Gen. v. 24: "And Enoch walked wth God and he was not: for God took him." This was "Preached Sab. after ye D & funll of Henry Spaulding — octo. 6 — 1754" — and with some changes several times after, the last being Jan. 1, 1792, the Sabbath after the death and funeral of Deacon Ephraim Spauld- ing. ^t 83. _ Three physicians were paid for attendance upon Lieut. Parker.j "Dr Kittredge 39:^ Dr Oliver Prescot 5 — 14 — Nehemiah Abbot 46/8" The first named was a Tewksbury physician. (Dr. Benj. or Dr. Francis.) The last was of Chelmsford. He lived at the Centre, in the house which stands at the corner of Acton street. Dr. Prescott was a more noted physician from Groton, perhaps called in consultation. "The limits of his practice were extended to a great distance on every side."| He was a brother of Col. Wm. Prescott of Bunker Hill fame, and himself an active patriot in the revolution, receiving the appointment of the second Major General of Militia in 1781. His long rides on horseback, to answer his many calls led him, it is said, to acquire the habit of sleeping in that position. If some of the mourning customs of those days occasioned heavy expense the undertaker's bills were certainly not excessive. The cost of the cofhn was 5 shillings and 4 pence, (0 — 5 — 4) paid to Moses Davis, who kept a tavern at what is now known as Davis' corner. ♦Where the bearers were old and the distance long, young men were selected to act as under- bearers. tProbate Records. {"Physicians of Groton." Dr. S. A. Green. PAPERS BY MR. II. S. PERHAM 547 The list of the personal effects left by Lieut. Parker remind us of the great changes that have taken place in dress and domestic economy. Many of the articles are now found only in garrets or antiquarian collections. Among them were a "blew coat & Tucket, leather breeches, shoe buckles, knee buckles, warming pan, brass skillets, trammels, pillion. Riddle, sword & belt, Camblet coat & Green jacket, silver buttons" and two wheels. The last named articles, to be sure, seem somewhat familiar to moderns. With those "wheels" the women of the household took their daily "spin" undisturbed by any fears of also taking a "header." One was a wool and one a flax wheel. In the estate of the daughter Sarah, we find such articles as a "Ridingwood [sic] caps, ruffles, ribbons, necklace, gloves, fans, stays, side saddle & bridle and pillion." From which it seems that the young ladies of those days found modem means to gratify their feminine fancies as well as their modern sisters. Of the people whose names have been mentioned as the recipients of the funeral gloves, Mr. Robert Pierce was a young man of 17, bom April 13, 1754, son of Stephen and Betsey (Bowers) Peirce. Mr. Stephen Pierce lived at East Chelmsford. His house, since remodeled, is now the residence of our respected citizen, Mr. William Manning. He (born 1754) was a son of Oliver and grandson of Stephen and Esther. He married Hanna Marshall, July 30, 1778, was a soldier in the revolution, died April 16, 1826. Mr. Jacob Howard and wife were a middle- aged couple from Middlesex. He died March 26, 1796, aged 78. The name is in the rolls of soldiers in the revolution. The Butter- field home where Benjamin and his wife probably lived was upon Hale street, a few rods from Lincoln Square. William Pierce was a son of Robert and Mary, grandson of Stephen and Esther, born Oct. 29, 1735. His intention of marriage to Elizabeth Pierce was published Dec. 4, 1760. His father deeded to him in 1758, shortly before William's marriage, "^ of all my real estate in Chelmsford" for £100.* Silas Pierce is accompanied by his young bride Lucy Spaulding, (m. March 26, 1771.) He will be referred to again. Joseph Warren was from the centre of the town. He died March 18, 1792, aged 67. William Bowers was from Middlesex. He was a descendant of Jerathmel, who first settled upon the ancestral homestead on Wood street, now occupied by Joseph Bowers, a brother of City Engineer Bowers. The line is from ^Jerathmel son of George (of Scituate, 1637) m. Elizabeth — died in Groton April 23, 1724. ^Jonathan, b. April 13, 1674, m. Hannah Barrett May 17, 1699, d. Feb. 12, 1744 or 5. ^Jonathan, b. July 5, 1701, m. Mary Grimes, June 7, 1726, d. Nov. 1756. ^William m. Hannah Kidder of Billerica, Jan. 1, 1761. ^Joseph, b. Dec. 31, 1780, m. Rhoda ♦Benj. Parker papers. 548 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Butterfield April 1, 1803, d. Jan. 15, 1859. «Sewall, b. July 10, 1810, m. Sylvia Fisher, Nov. 24, 1847, d. Dec. 23, 1893. ^Joseph and George. The location of the Keyes house has been mentioned. Miss Elizabeth Clark, b. Feb. 28, 1725, was a maiden lady with some- what aristocratic connections. Her father Col. Jonas Clark kept the public house at the ferry, since known as the Middlesex tavern. She was connected with the Hancocks who often visited here. Her aunt Elizabeth (daughter of Rev. Thos.) married Rev. John Hancock of Lexington, and was the grandmother of the patriot Governor John Hancock. Abigal Bates was probably the widow of Robert, whom Parson Bridge mentions among his parishioners whom he visited at the Neck. Widow Martha Howard was Martha Poor of Andover, before marriage to Benjamin Howard, Jan. 12, 1748. She died April 27, 1793, age 79 H-* Sarah Fletcher was the widow of Henry who died June 1, 1764, and the mother of Henry (b. Jan. 17, 1754,) who was killed at White Plains, New York, Feb. 3, 1780, while serving as a soldier in the revolution. He left two small children, Henry and Betsey. The latter, (b. April 19, 1777,) married Johnson Davis, the father of Mr. Sidney Davis, a member of this association. The six bearers were all military men of mature years, and doubtless all had seen service in the wars. Capt. Ebenezer Parker commanded the company of which the deceased was an officer. Capt. Ephraim Spaulding v/as a justice of the peace and deacon of the church. At the funeral of the wife of Lieut. Parker, (Eliza- beth, d. Dec. 19, 1765,) Deacon Spaulding officiated in place of the minister, t Captain Zachariah Richardson is a veteran of the wars, now past the age for military service. He died March 22, 1776, aged 81. Lieut. Jona. Spaulding J was a tavern keeper at the south part of the town, within the present limits of the town of Carlisle. He was an active business man. His old account books which have been preserved afford a curious study of the times. His military commission bearing the autograph of Governor Pownal, 1757, is in the Adams Library, Chelmsford. He lived to the great age of 95, (b. 1705.) Lieut. Joseph Moor lived upon what is now Moor street, where some of his descendants still reside. The present occupant being the sixth generation of the family upon the old homestead. Joseph Moor died July 5, 1775. Mr. Robert Pierce was a quarter-master in the military. He was a widower of 63, his wife Mary (Landlee) having deceased ten years before, (d. June 5, 1761.) He was a son of Stephen and Esther, (b. Jan. 19, 1708, m. published June 17, 1731 ; died April 2, 1789). Joseph Pierce lived upon what is now the city farm. His house stood a few rods south of the Coburn houses on Chelmsford street. The ♦Grave stone. tBridge'a Diary. jOr John. I think Jona. the name intended. PAPERS BY AIR. H. S. PERHAM 549 old road passed between the Coburn and Pierce houses. He married Mary Pierce, March 20, 1744. She was a daughter of Stephen and Esther, born Dec. 14, 1722. Pierce was a tailor and his services in that capacity were sought by people of quality. Among his customers was Oliver Fletcher, Esq., who lived at the centre of the town. Squire Fletcher was a graduate of Harv^ard College and a man highly esteemed for "piety and integrity." He attended to the legal affairs of the town, and for individuals. When he attended court at Cambridge, or Concord, he went faultlessly attired. His account book mentions a number of garments made for him by Joseph Peirce. Here is a description of the materials for one of them: 1756 "October 18 aforesd I paid for cloth for a coat &c. To paid Mr Cushin for 3 yds 1 & i of Drab broad cloth for a [ 26 Great Coat @ £ 8 p yd is J To pd Marshall for Cutting out the said Coat . . .10 To paid for sowing silk for said Coat 7 6 To paid for half an ounce of thread for thesd Coat . .020 To paid for 2 Dozen of Buttons covered with hair for said Coat to Lawton 140 To 2 Skains of silk Twist at 5/ each at same place for sd Coat To § yard Shalloon for sd Coat at Lawtons at 28/ p is . 14 February 25, 1757 To making the sd Great Coat pd \ Peirce / 1 15 0"* Squire Fletcher must have presented a striking appearance arrayed in his beaver hat, brown wig, and drab great coat with its two dozen of buttons covered with hair. And he apparently enjoyed pleasant relations with those before whom he appeared at Cambridge, for we find under date "1753 May 17 Expenses to Court 2 dollars £4—10—3 out of which I paid £1—12—0 for Puch [punch] which I gave the Court after Dinner." The Pierces were a long-lived race. Of the children of Joseph, the eldest Silas outlived five wives, leaving the sixth a widow at the age of 84. Joanna was cut off by an accident at 90. Sarah died at 98, and Thankful lived to reach her 100th year. For the benefit of such as are interested in a study of the effects of the use of alcohol upon longevity, it should be stated that the head of this remarkable family was addicted to intemperate indulgence in drink — we are not informed as to the brand he used. Silas continued to live at the old homestead. Mr. Franklin Coburn describes it as a long rambling cottage, made so by extensions added from time to time to accommodate the increasing tenants. He has pleasant recollections of the kindly old couple, Silas and his wife, and of visits to the cottage where from the chimney corner he could look up to the stars. The farm ♦Oliver Fletcher's Account Book. 550 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD was ptirchased by the city for its present use of Joseph, a son of Silas. Sarah Pierce, (b. Dec. 30, 1759, daughter of Joseph and Mary) , has many descendants living in Chelmsford and Lowell by her marriage to Amos Byam. She married second Oliver Park- hurst. Joanna Pierce, (b. March 24, 1769,) married James Marshall, a Revolutionary soldier. She has a son, Rufus Marshall, now living in this city, at the age of 87, one of the very few living sons of revolutionary soldiers. Thankful, (b. Jan. 9, 1752, daughter of Joseph and Mary Pierce), was the last name in the list of those who received the funeral gloves. She then was a sunny blue-eyed miss of nineteen summers. She married, about 1773, Samson Walker. They removed to Temple, N. H., and later to Andover, Vt., where they passed the remainder of their days. He was a soldier in the Revolution.* [Brother of Captain Benjamin Walker.] The history of Andover, Vermont, states that Samson Walker was at the battle of Bunker Hill, one of five brothers, all holding commissions and all over six feet tall. They reared a family of nine children, the daughters being noted for their beauty, two of whom lived to a great age. The following is a copy of the inscrip- tion upon her grave stone, in the old cemetery in a neglected but picturesque spot high up among the hills beside the old stage road in Andover. THANKFUL wife of Samson Walker DIED March 28, 1851 JE 99 y's 2 m's &8d's Great peace to those that loves God's laws and nothing shall offend them. I was introduced to a descendant of Thankful at a very early age. She was placed in the cradle with me when we were infants. I do not remember the impression she made upon me at that time but I have a distinct recollection that at a later date I thought her beautiful — and to me she is so now. We still keep the old family cradle, and its latest occupant was our grandson of the sixth generation from pretty Thankful Pierce of 1771. FROM A PAPER ON THE EARLY SCHOOLS OF CHELMSFORD, BY H. S. PERHAM, READ FEBRUARY 6, 1890, BEFORE THE OLD RESIDENTS* HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION, LOWELL. In 1642, the General Court passed an act requiring the selectmen to "have a vigilant eye over their brethren and neighbors to see, first, that none of them shall suffer so much barbarism in ♦Certificate from War Department, Washington, D. C. PAPERS BY AIR. H. S. PERHAM 661 any of their families as not to endeavor to teach, by themselves or others, their children and apprentices so much learning as may enable them perfectly to read the English tongue." The same act also required parents to "give religious instruction to their children and apprentices." In 1647, a free school was made compulsory. If there were fifty householders, the town must appoint a teacher; and towns of one hundred householders must have a grammar school of such grade that youth "may be fitted for the University." As early as 1636, the General Court had appropriated £400 toward the establishment of a college at Newtown. This is said to have been "the first body in which the people, by their repre- sentatives, ever gave their own money to found a place of educa- tion." As to the means employed by the Town to provide instruction to the children during the first forty years, the records do not enlighten us. The teaching was, probably, mainly provided by the good mothers at their homes. In cases where these lacked the necessary qualifications, the good minister, doubtless, aided. He had received a collegiate education in England, and he found means while in this Town to prepare one of his sons for Harvard College, from which he graduated in 1662. It was the duty of the selectmen, as we have seen, to have a vigilant oversight in the matter. We have sufficient evidence that by some means these duties were attended to. Boys then of school age were afterwards chosen to administer the affairs of the Town. The records pre- served to us, in their handwriting, show them to have possessed the proper qualifications for those duties. Deeds and other legal instruments are found with the names of the men affixed, usually in a plain, legible hand. Their wives, however, are often obliged to sign by the hand of another, showing that it was not, in those days, looked upon as an essential accomplishment in girls to be able to write. The provisions for the religious instruction of the children are given in the following record made by the minister. Rev. John Fisk: 4 — 2d Some agitation there was about ye way of proceeding in 58 catechising ' our younger persons; & for ye males concluded upon ye Lord's day in afternoon, for ye females, upon ye day after our Lecture constantly at 3 of ye clock in ye afternoon at ye pastors house. The first record of a teacher appointed by the Town is as follows : Samuel Fletcher is Apointed to be a scolle master for the year 1696 by order of the selectmen. THOMAS PARKER, Clarke. r,r)2 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Of the qualifications of this first schoolmaster, Samuel Fletcher, we must infer that they were at least fair, as he after- wards became [)rominent in the affairs of the Town, occuijyinj^ at different times the offices of town clerk, treasurer and selectman. The Town now contained one hundred families, and the statute, as we have seen, required a school of such j^rade as to prei)are youth for the University. A word here in regard to the condition of the Town records. The earlier records were transcribed by order of the Town in 1742. In this transcript I find nothing relating to the schools. If this portion of them was transcribed, it must have been in another volume which is not to be found. I have been obliged, therefore, to consult the original records. They are scjmewhat dilapidated, dim and time-worn. The record following the one I have given, is evidently incomplete. It reads as follows: May the 12: 10: 98 the towne being * * * mr edward emerson scoolmaster for the year 1G98. This teacher belonged to that family of Emersons which numbered among its descendants Ralph Waldo Emerson of Concord. The Town granted him land at different times, perhaps as compensation for his services, j-lc married a daughter of Cornelius Waldo. His house stood where Mr. Allen Cameron now lives, in Westford Centre. For the year following the record stands: Chelmsford Agust the 26th 1099 the selectmen of said towne Apointed Samuel Fletcher Junr schoolmaster t(j Learne young jjersons to write: on the Day Above said Select men Apointed for vScooldames: Deacon Fosters wife Jno Wrights: Moses Barretts wife and Joshua Fletchers wife Here recorded by me Samll Fletcher Towne Clerk. There was, at this time, no schoolhousc in Town. The children gathered at the house of the nearest teacher or school- dame. The selection of these teachers must be governed somewhat by their location, so as to accommodate the; children in the different sections of the Town. Deacon Foster lived ujjon the north side of Robin's Hill. Joshua Fletcher lived at the Stony Brook district, now in Westford. Moses Barrett lived south of Robin's Hill. John Wright lived at the Neck, so called, now Lowell. This section was called the Neck or the Great Neck. Concord River Neck was what is now called East Chelmsford. For the next two years no grammar school was maintained. It was common for towns to be com])laincd of and fined 1)y the Court for their failure to provide suitable schools. We are obliged to record that Chelmsford was not an exce])tion. At a General Towne Meeting March 3()th 1702 A proposition was mad whether we should apply ourselves to ye General Court PAPERS BY MR. H. 5. PERHAM 553 by GUT Debety in Reference to our being presented to the quarter session & finned at sd court for not haveing a Grammar Scool yt we may endeavor by a petision to sd general court to be eased in our greivanc on yt account. this v/as voted in ye Afirmitive the day above it was voted yt ye selectmen should draw up a petision to present to ye General Court & send it by our Debyty In August, the same year the Town chose a committee to "agree wt A scoolmaster for sd Towne." September 4: 1702 captain Bowers comet Hill & Eleazar Brown Sen Agreed M^t Sir Weld to be our scoolmaster half a year for £15 ye sd Sir Weld begun to keep scool on ye 1st of October 1702 This was Thomas Weld, a son of Rev. Thomas Weld, the first minister of the church of Dunstable. The title Sir was applied to college graduates. He had just completed his studies at Harvard. He died in 1704. This is the first record in which compensation to the teacher is mentioned. The stun, fifteen pounds for six months' services, shows the amount necessary at that time to obtain teachers qualified to prepare young men for the University. The only record for the next year reads: April the 28th 1703 on the Day Abovesaid capt Bowers and mer: Emerson wer chosen to joyn with the Selectmen to Agree with a scoll master to save the Towne from A fine. If a school was maintained in 1704, the record of it is omitted. In 1705 appears the following: Chelmsford May the: 28 1705 the selectmen of sd towne Appointed Moses Barron and Eben wright Scole Masters to teach yoimg parsons To Right And one the Day a bove sd the wido' Biirdg the wife of John Snow the wife of Israll Prockter the wife of old torn Cory the wife of sargent Samuell Foster war Appointed scooLs Dames for the teaching of children to Reed Recorded By Moses Barron Town clar This record is interesting in that it defines the duties of the teachers. The schoolmasters were to teach wr'ting and the schooldames reading. Fortunately, we are able to judge of the qualifications of one of these writing teachers, Moses Barron, as the record stands in his hand-writing. He write a plain, heavy hand with no attempt at graceful curves or fine shading. No pimctuations are used except in the date. He is profuse with his capitals, and decidedly original in his manner of spelhng. It is fair to say, however, in justice to the memory of Moses Barron, that most of the records which appear in his hand-writing, as town clerk, are quite an improvement on the one I have given. He must have been a man of worth, as he was chosen by the Town, at different times, to the offices of selectman, representative to the General Cotirt, and town treasurer. The latter he held at the time of his death in 1719. 554 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Ebenezer Wright, the other schoolmaster, lived at the Neck. This, as we have seen, was the Lowell section of the Town. There were three brothers of that name, John, Joseph and Ebenezer. In 1692 they all lived in this section. John Snow, whose wife was schooldame, dwelt in the Stony- Brook valley, near where Westford Depot now stands. That neighborhood was called the Stony Brook Houses. Schooldame Corey lived in the south part of the Town, near Great Brook, now in Carlisle. An interval of several years now occurs in which the records furnish us no light upon the subject of our inquiry. The grammar school was felt to be a heavy burden and had not been sustained. In 1710, the Town paid "To Moses Barron for a jurney to Boston and entring a petition to the genorall as to an easmnt of our gramer Scoole and to a Jurney to Cambridge as to our presentment for want of a gramer Scoole." At "A Generall Towne Meting March the 7th:1709-10 Voted that the selectmen shall agree With a man to teach children and youth to Wright and sifer and kep scool in Chelmsford." In 1711, "The Selectmen are appointed By the uote of the towne to provide a Scoolmaster as the Law Derects." Five pounds were paid, in 1712, "To mr Cheney for being our Scoolmaster," and "at a genorall towne meeting December 12: 1712 the towne uoted that It was thare minds to have a Scoole master." From this time forward, the Town was not without a school for some part of each year, although the grammar school had not yet become firmly established. The Town was called upon to answer to the Court for want of one in 1714, 1716, 1721, and again in 1726. At a "Town Meeting May the: 12th 1718, voted to Petition the genorall court that the fishing place at Pattuctt may be granted to Chelmsford for the benifit of seporting a scoole in chelmsford the fishing place one the south side meremack." What action was taken upon this petition does not appear. The privilege asked for was a most important one. Allen, writing in 1820, says: "The quantity of salmon, shad and alewives, caught in Chelmsford annually may be computed at about twenty-five hundred barrels, besides a large quantity of other fish of less value." The name "Merrimack signifies in the Indian language a sturgeon." As the settlements extended each year farther from the centre of the Town, the question of the location of the schools became an important one, and sometimes occasioned lively contests. An article annually appeared in the warrant for the March meeting similar to the following: To agree and Vote in what part or parts of the said Town the Grammar School or other Schools shall be Kept the year ensuing, and to act in that affair as shall be thought proper. PAPERS BY MR. H. S. PERHAM 555 In 1716 the Town voated that the scule master shall keep scule in the fore quarters of the town one month at a time in one place Voated that the selectmen shall determine wheir the fore quarters of the town are This was a duty which must have taxed the wisdom of the fathers of the Town. Mr. Nathaniel Prentice, of Cambridge, was the schoolmaster for the years 1718, 1719 and 1720. He graduated from Harvard College in 1714. He was afterwards the second minister of the church of Dunstable, where he labored until his death in 1737. The following is the language of the contract between Mr. Prentice and the Town: Chelmsford September 22d 1719 The select men have agreed with mr Nathaniel Prentice of Cambridge to keep scoole in Chelmsford from the firs of October next ensuing the Date untill the firs Day of Aprill 1720 the above sd Nathaniel Prentice does oblige himself to keep scoole six hours every Day in sd term except it be Saturday Dayes which he is alowed for him self For which sd prentice is to have eigteen pounds. The name of Mr. Prentice is signed to this contract in a bold and graceful hand. There is no suggestion of Christmas Holidays in this agreement. The school, as we have seen, rotated between the four quarters of the Town. Let us accompany Mr. Prentice in his rounds. The first month would be at the centre of the Town. At the end of that time, he dismissed his pupils and moves, perhaps, to the Stony Brook neighborhood, five miles away. There, in a room of some convenient dwelling, he organizes his classes, before the blazing log fire in the great open fireplace. His text- books are as primitive as the other accessories. In reading, Nasons says, "it was the New England Primer, with its rude cuts of Adam and Eve, Jonah and the whale, and rustic rhymes, such "The idle fool Is whipt at school." After his brief month here, he must go to meet the boys and girls at the South End. And, like the others, we may suppose them to have been hearty, ruddy and boisterous youths, from their active out-door life. And if Mr. Prentice's pupils did not acquire the proficiency in Algebra and Latin, which pupils of the same age in our schools possess, who shall say that they had not a compensating advantage in the possession of more robust health and lively animal spirits. Nervous disorders induced by lack of exercise, and the inhaling of the vitiated atmosphere of the crowded schoolroom, was, probably, not common at that day. The South End school was 556 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD usually kept near where the South Chelmsford schoolhouse was afterwards built, on the road leading by the house of Mr. Quimby to Carlisle. The next month would be at the North End. This included, besides the present Nimiber Two District, all that part of the Town to the north and northeast, including what is now Lowell. The late John Parkhurst told me, that in his boyhood he had met at the old Number Two schoolhouse, John Farrar, and other boys from West Chelmsford, and the Adams boys, Benjamin and Thomas, from North Chelmsford. We have now come to an important event, the building of the first schoolhouse. In 1718, the Town granted three rods and a half of land for that purpose, at "the most easterly comer of the buring Place." [Where the brick school was later built. The land was laid out to William Fletcher by the Town and by him given to the builders.]* The cost, about one hundred dollars, was paid by subscription. The names of those citizens who contributed to this worthy object have been preserved in the record which reads as follows: The names of those that built and finished the Schoole house And What Each man gave thereto mr Stoddard 2: 0:0 Nathall Butterfield 1: 0: Moses Barron 1 : :0 Josiah Fletcher 1 : :0 Deacon Waring 1 : 0:0 Eben Foster 1: 0:0 Edward Spaulding 1:10:0 William Fletcher 1:10:0 John Bates 1: 0:0 Stephen Peirce 1 : 0:0 Moses Parker 1: 10: John Dauest 0: 10: The second schoolhouse must have been built very soon after, for a road was laid out, in 1720, from the "North School house" (leading over the home meadow and Carolina plain.) The building stood a few rods east of the "Owl's Nest Green House," at a turn of the road by the old Middlesex Turnpike. It is probable that this schoolhouse also was paid for by subscription. There is no evidence that the Town raised any money for such a purpose prior to 1794. Mr. Prentice was succeeded by Joseph Whipple, who taught from 1721 to 1724. A difference of opinion existed as to the merits of Mr. Whipple's teaching. It was settled by a Town meeting, in 1724, which "Voted that the Petition of Moses Parker and nine others freeholders who Petitioned that the Schoole master be Dismissed and a committee chose to Provide another in his Room be dismissed" *See plan No. 21. tProbably meant for Davia. Samll Barron 1: 0: Benone Perham 1: 0: Eben Parker 1: 0: John Burge 0: 10: Benj Parker 0: 10: Richard Stratton 1: 0: Joseph Foster 0: 15: Benjamin Adams 1: 00: 00 Edward Foster 00: 15: 00 PAPERS BY MR. H. S. PERHAM 557 Mr. Thomas Frink, of Sudbury, followed Whipple. He taught till 1727, when the Town paid John Spaulding "to wait upon Mr. Frink home." Josiah Richardson and Isaac Richardson taught one year each. Joseph Lovett, two years, Jonathan Mills, one, and Samson Stoddard, five, ending in 1734. The latter was a son of Rev. Samson Stoddard, and graduated from Harvard College, in 1730. He became one of the leading men of the Town, was a colonel in the militia, and held many offices of trust. The Town of Stoddard, N. H., w^as named in his honor. After Mr. Stoddard, no teacher remained longer than two years, until 1750, when Oliver Fletcher took charge of the schools and continued six years. He was a graduate of Harvard College of the class of 1735. He was a man of great worth of character. [Bridge refers to his death, which occurred in 1771, as a "great loss."] Allen says of him: "His piety and integrity gave him great ascendancy over his fellow-townsmen, and secured their esteem and confidence." In 1747, the Town Voted that the Grammar School be kept in the middle of this Town the year ensuing, and that the out scirts of sd Tovv^n shall have their proportionable part of money that is paid for schooling allowed to them for to provide Writing Schools for them- selves and that all the sd Schools shall be free schools for the sd Town Voted that the Middle of sd Town shall be allowed to extend Two miles each way from the Meeting house Voted That each end of sd Town shall be allowed to have three months schooling in the most suitablest season in this year ensuing for writing schools: as their proportionable part on sd Towns cost. One clause in this vote, "that all the said schools shall be free schools," and another at a later date, that there shall be "No schools at town cost but grammar school," indicate that supplementary schools were sometimes maintained at private expense. A record appears in 1755 which shows the character of the services which each teacher was expected to render: Oliver Fletcher, Grammar & writing six months. Ebenezer Gould, three months writing school. Daniel Procter three months reeding. Righting & Cyphering school. With the first of these, Oliver Fletcher, we have already become acquainted. He was an elegant penman. His copy most of us would be glad to be able to imitate today. So much, however, cannot be said for Daniel Procter. It would be a mark of ingenuity in his pupils if they could write as badly. Let us hope that his strength lay in the other branches, "reeding & Cyphering." Thomas Rice succeeded Oliver Fletcher in the grammar school. He continued several years. 558 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD In 1764, Peter Spaulding was employed, and he was followed by Samson Stoddard, Jr., a son of a former teacher of that name, and a graduate of Harvard, and after him Vryling Stoddard, also of the same honorable family. He graduated from Harvard in 1765. Allen says of him: "He became an eminent instructor of youth in this place." Now let us go back a little and follow the action of the Town in fixing the location of its schools. This question was decided by vote in town meeting, but was often far from satisfactory to the people in the more remote sections of the Town. The method usually adopted for the grammar school was to divide the time between the different sections of the Town, or to "circulate ac- cording to town vote." Occasionally it would be continued throughout the year at the centre of the Town. This was the case in 1724. Two citizens, Joseph Underwood and Ebenezer Wright, recorded their "decent against the settle- ment of the School." One of these, Joseph Underwood, lived at what is now the centre of Westford. The other, Ebenezer Wright, had removed from the Neck, and was now living upon the present site of Edwin Heyward's house near Chamberlin's Corner in Westford. The next year the wish of the dissenters was respected, and the "west end" was given four months' school. The town was soon relieved of the necessity of providing for the "west end, "as it was incorporated as the town of Westford, in 1729. In 1730—31 : At a meeting of the selectmen Pursuant to the Town vote for Removing the Scoole in three severall places in the Town it is ordered that the School master keep Schoole in the Schoolehous in the midle of the Town from the first of November Last past Thirteen weeks and then to Remove to the north end and keep schoole at the Dwelling house of Jonathan Bowers (or in some other convenient place where the neighborhood shall appoint) the space of six weeks and then to Remove to the South end of the Town and keep school at the Dwelling hous of Samll Procter (or in some other convenient place where the neighborhood shall appoint) the term of seven weeks which will fulfill the half year agreed upon. Jonathan Bowers here mentioned lived at the Neck. A record in 1753 contains the first mention of a schoolhouse at the South End. It stood near the Paignon place in South Chelmsford. It has since been converted into a dwelling, and is still standing. The North End school was kept that year at the house of James Parkhurst, which stood a few rods west of the Number Two schoolhouse. The reason for holding this school at a dwelling house appears in the diary of the parson. Rev. Ebenezer Bridge, who records, "Catechised the children at James Parkhurst's the school-house PAPERS BY MR. H. S. PERHAM 559 being unfit." In 1756, the school was kept "one-half in the north end and one-half in the south end." But the plan adopted in 1757 was finally settled upon as causing the least friction. This was to divide the time between the three sections of the Town, the north end, the centre, and the south end. This method continued with but one or two interruptions until for formation of the school districts in 1792. In the distribution of the schools in 1755, it was "voted that the writing school shall be kept three months in the north end of the Town att the school house & three months at the dwelling House of Robert Peirce." Robert Peirce lived near the present residence of Orlando Blodgett on Chelmsford Street. The house faced a road, now discontinued, which ran back of Mr. Blodgett's house. This was afterwards the home of Benjamin Pierce, the distinguished father of a distinguished son, President Franklin Pierce. In 1767 a reading and writing school was kept "2 mos at school house in the neck." This is the first mention of a schoolhouse in this section. It stood upon School Street, not far from the old cemetery. Other grave and important matters were now coming forward to engross the attention of the people and put school questions in the background. But, during the distressing times of the Revolution, the schools were by no means abandoned. In 1781, in addition to the grammar school, the Town voted Nine months Righting school 3 mos in Neck so called extending from Mr. Timothy Clarks to the mouth of Concord & to Mr. Simeon Moreses & to Mr. Joseph Pierieces So by Mr. Philip Parkers Voted one month schooling at Newfield one month at Mr. David Spauldings one month in Concord River Neck so called & five 3eks on the mill road so called & eight weeks at or near Mr. John Adams. This record is valuable, as it defines the limits of the Neck district, and furnishes a basis for estimating the population here one hundred years ago. Timothy Clark here referred to, lived at Middlesex near where Baldwin Street terminates at the river. Simeon Mores lived upon what is now Moore Street. The house of Joseph Pierce was near the present city farm buildings, and Philip Parker's was upon West Pine Street near the Highland school. This district embraced, then, all of what is now Lowell, excepting Belvidere, Centralville and Pawtucketville; and all of the children then living here, excepting the few who attended the grammar school four miles distant, were accommodated with a three months' school in the little red schoolhouse upon School 560 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Street. It would require a pretty commodious building to accommodate the ten thousand school children in the same district today [1890]. After the adoption of the Federal Constitution in 1789, the times became more tranquil and prosperous, and school questions again came uppermost. The school district system now began to develop. In 1792, the management of the schools was, for the first time, placed fully in the hands of a school comimittee. The change was not made without a struggle, but, after repeated adjournments and reconsiderations, the Town voted: That a select committee be chosen to provide the grammar school masters and all other School masters & that said com- mittee proportion Inspect and Regulate Said Schools. Nine persons were chosen to constitute this committee, one from each district or "squadron." The next step wa^ to provide schoolhouses for those districts not already so provided for. In 1794, it was Voted to raise £250 for the purpose of building schoolhouses each squadron to draw their own money for building their school- house, location decided by vote of members of squadrons. In the year 1800 the Town supported twelve schools at an expense of six hundred dollars. They were located as follows: At the middle of the Town, now District 1. At the North Schoolhouse, now District 2. Near Ebenezer Parker's, South Chelmsford, now District 3. At Mill Row, now District 4. At Squadron by Capt. Benj. Fletcher's, now District 5. At Concord River Neck, now District 6. At Schoolhouse by Simon Stevens's, now District 7. At Newfield, now North Chelmsford, District 8. At Grate Neck, now Lowell. At Samuel Marshall's, also Lowell, comer Parker and Powell Streets. At schoolhouse by Joseph Adams' and at schoolhouse by Benj. Chamberlain's. [For location of School Districts, see Map No. 9.] One of the two last named was, undoubtedly, in Carlisle, where the schoolhouse now stands, north of Great Brook, and the other in Lowell. This portion of the Town had now begun to increase in population. A map of the Town made in 1794 shows on this section a clothier's mill, iron works, five saw mills, and two gristmills. The only roads shown in the same section were one from Middlesex Village to the Concord river, marked Road to Salem. This followed the present line of portions of Baldwin, West Pine, Parker, Chelmsford, Hale, Thorndike and Gorham to Moore street, and on that to the river. A Country Road ran from Pawtucket falls over the present line of School, Powell and Plain streets. Another, beginning near the mouth of Concord river and terminating at Middlesex, corresponds with Merrimack, Pawtucket, and the west end of Middlesex streets. Still another, marked Town Road, ran to the centre of Chelmsford. 1 PAPERS BY MR. H. S. PERHAM 561 The little red schoolhouse was now outgrown, and three new ones took its place: One at the comer of Parker and Powell streets, another where the Hospital now stands on Pawtucket street, and the third at Middlesex. By the adoption of the school district system, every family in TowTi was provided with a school within easy reach of their home. Men teachers were employed for these schools in winter, and women for the summer terms. Another result not, perhaps, at first contemplated, was the loss of the grammar school. The Town was too poor to support a high grade school in addition to their twelve district schools. The grammar school teachers had been men of character and scholarly attainments, and, coming from the college to the school- room, with the best mental training which the time afforded, must have exerted an important influence in moulding the character, and stimulating the ambition and mental activity of the young men and women under their charge. [The school in District No. 11 was "near Capt. Phineas Whiting's," at the upper end of Merrimack street. In 1821, the Town voted "to petition the Legislature to alter the school law in such a way as not to oblige the Town of Chelms- ford to keep any latten grammer school" In 1825, the Town appointed as a committee to examine the schools in Chelmsford: Rev. Wilkes Allen, Joel Adams, John C. Dalton, M. D., John O. Green, M. D., Rev. Theodore Edson and Rev. John Parkhurst. The money to be drawn by School District No. 11 was to be equally divided, the Merrimack Manufacturing Company to draw one half, and the district the other half; the whole to be expended in the district for the support of schools.] To THE Selectmen of the Town of Chelmsford Gentn The increase of Population in the Eleventh School District has been so great for a year or two past, that the Children cannot possibly be accommo- dated in the School House belonging to said district. The Merrimack Manu- factg Company have in consequence erected a School House for the conven- ience of all children residing on their premises. Therefore we the undersigned request that an article may be inserted in the warrent for the Town meeting to be holden on the first Monday of April next to ascertain if the Inhabitants will appropriate the money paid by the Merk Mang Company & persons in their employ for supporting the School established by them, and to have the district so divided as to effect the above purpose Chelmsford 23d March 1825.— Kirk Boott Agent Paul Moody w.\rren colburn N Goodwin Allan Pollock George B. Pollock Hiram Thompson Henry Smith D. J. Moody Charles Nicholas 562 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD The paper containing the following was endorsed upon the back "Report of the Selectmen respecting School District No. 11 — 1825" The subscribers to whom was referred the article in the the warrant for the last town meeting, respecting a a division of school district No. 11 having attend to the servic. respectfully submit the following Report. That said district be divided as follows, viz. beginning at Merrimack River at the northeasterly corner of the Kittridge farm, so called, thence running southerly to the bride over George's brook so called on the road from Patucket Bridge to Concord River bridge, thence westerly on said road to the land of Luther Richardson, thence southerly on said Richardsons land and in the same course to the Patucket land four rods west of the house of Thomas Bagden and that the part of the town east of said line, and north of said canal be made a school district, and called district No. 13. Caleb Abbott Nath Wright Alpheus Spaulding The teaching of those days was confined to a very few lines of study. But in the fundamental branches the training was thorough, and the pupils left the school with clear minds and a solid fotmdation upon which to build in after life. [Additional from page 262, Kurd's Hist. Middlesex County, 1890.] In 1801 a new schoolhouse was built in the "Mill Row" District (No. 4), costing $310, and the following year a new brick schoolhouse took the place of the original structure at District No. 1, at a cost of $500. This building is now used by the Town for a hearse-house in Forefathers' Cemetery. The district schools had some famous teachers, among whom was Willard Parker, afterwards the eminent physician of New York. He taught in the old brick schoolhouse in the winters of 1821, '22 and '23*. Dr. Parker was a descendant of one of the five brothers who came from Wobum and settled in Chelmsford in 1653. He graduated from Harvard College in 1826, studied medicine under the direction of Dr. John C. Warren, Professor of Surgery in Harvard University, and took his degree of M. D. in 1830. He was at once appointed Professor of Anatomy at the Medical School at Woodstock, Vt., and the same year, the same position at the Berkshire Medical Institution. Plis appointment to the chair of surgery at the same college soon followed. In 1836 he filled the chair of surgery at the Cincinnati Medical College. He soon after visited Europe and spent considerable time in the hospitals of London and Paris. Upon his return he was appointed to the chair of surgery in the College of Physicians in New York City, a position which he held for thirty years. He was one of the founders of the Academy of Medicine and at one time its president. In 1870 the degree of LL. D. was conferred upon him by a college in New Jersey. Dr. Parker was a son of Jonathan Parker, who removed to New Hampshire when a young man. He returned ♦Letter of Dr. Parker written in 1877 to H. S. Perham. PAPERS BY MR. H. S. PERHAM 563 to Chelmsford when Willard was five years old and settled upon the hill where Riley Davis now lives on South Street. Jonathan was "Jock" in those days, and he was called "Hill Jock" to dis- tinguish him from another Jonathan Parker, his next neighbor, who was called "Trooper Jock." (There was also "Black Jock.") Dr. Parker always retained his interest in Chelmsford. He kept the old homestead until near the close of his life, when the care of it became too perplexing. The feelings with which he regarded it are shown in a letter written in 1879: "I love it as my old home, and where my parents lived, worked hard and died." His death occurred in New York City in April, 1884. Chelmsford Classical School. The desire of the people for better educational advantages, for those wishing to pursue the more advanced studies, led to the establishment of the Chelmsford Classical School in 1825. The building, which has since been converted into a parsonage for the Central Baptist Society, was erected for that purpose. The funds for the support of the school were furnished by individual enterprise. The management was entrusted to the following Board of Trustees : Abel Hunt, Rev. Wilkes Allen, Rev. Abiel Abbott, Samuel Bachelder, Esq., Oliver M. Whipple, Jonathan Perham, Esq., J. S. C. Knowlton, Esq., Capt. Josiah Fletcher, Sen., Dr. J. C. Dalton, Owen Emerson, Jr., Cranmore Wallace, Captain William Fletcher, Dr. J. 0. Green, Dr. Rufus Wyman, Otis Adams, Joel Adams, Esq., Joseph Warren, Captain John (?) Butterfield. The trustees with rare good fortune secured the services of Ralph Waldo Emerson, of Concord, as teacher. Although the Chelmsford Classical School had a brief existence the town has occasion to feel proud of its results. Probably at no other period have so many young men gone out from.the schools of Chelmsford to gain distinction abroad and confer honor upon their native town. The following distinguished men were among the pupils of Ralph Waldo Emerson, or the teachers who immediately followed him: Judge Josiah G. Abbott, of Boston; Hon. Fletcher Abbott, Esq., who died at Toledo, Ohio; Morrill Wyman, A. M., M. D., LL. D., who is still in the practice of his profession at Cambridge, Massachusetts; Professor Jeffries Wyman, M. D.; the late Benjamin P. Hunt, of Philadelphia, and the late Professor John Dalton, M. D., of New York, who gained a national reputation in his profession. J. G. Abbott entered Harvard College at the age of thirteen. After completing his studies there he chose the profession of the law, in which he rapidly rose to distinction. He has also occupied many high positions of political honor, among them that of member of the United States Congress. 564 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Benjamin P.Hunt, born May 18, 1808, entered Harvard College in 1 828 . From there he went to Philadelphia and engaged in teaching a classical and scientific school. He sailed for Kingston, Jamaica, March 6, 1840, in the capacity of supercargo. He wrote an account of his voyage which was published in The Dial in 1843. Emerson said of it: "It seems to me the best of all sea voyages. Besides its rhetorical value, it has another quite additional, inasmuch as it realizes so fully for me the promise of the large, wise boy who made my school-days in Chelmsford so glad by his lively interest in books and his native delight in ethical thought, and life looks more solid and rich to me when I see these many years keep their faith." Hawthorne pays the following high tribute to the literary excellence of the article — "a solid example of facts which had not lost their vigor by passing through the mind of a thinker." In 1842 Mr. Hunt went to Hayti and became the head of a wealthy mercantile house. Although actively engaged in business his scholarly mind was at work in other directions. He made a study of the West Indian negro character, and he got together a unique collection of books relating to those islands. It is said that his collection of works relating to the Antilles is the most complete in the country, if not in the world. In 1858 he retired from business and settled in Philadelphia. Here he became actively engaged in charitable and philanthropical movements, especially those for the benefit of the freedmen. Through his efforts the orphans of the negro soldiers were collected and provided for in a home upon the banks of the Dela- ware. In June, 1869, Mr. Hunt was requested by President Grant, through Secretary Fish, to "join a party of gentlemen going to the West Indies for the purpose of obtaining information concerning several interesting localities in those islands, but more especially Saint Domingo." He was deeply interested in the project of annexation, but sickness prevented his taking part with the commission. Jeffries Wyman was Professor of Anatomy at Harvard College at the time of the famous murder of Dr. Parkman by Professor Webster, and the trial largely turned upon the scientific investiga- tions of Professor Wyman. His death occurred September 4, 1874. The need of better educational advantages than were offered by the public schools led to a movement in 1859 for the establish- ment of a school of a higher grade. The use of the building erected for the Chelmsford Classical School, thirty-four years before, was obtained, and on Aug. 29, 1859, the "Chelmsford Academy" was opened. Albert Stickney, A. B., a graduate of Harvard University, was the principal. The trustees were: Levi Howard, M. D., William Fletcher, Dea. David Perham, Charles H. Dalton, Edward F. Richardson, Solomon E. Byam and Edwin H. Warren. PAPERS BY MR. H. S. PERHAM 565 Mr. Stickney was succeeded by Edward E. Spalding, now of Passadena, Cal. Mr. Spalding was a native of the town, and had had a long and successful experience as an instructor. But in the mean time the War of the Rebellion came on. Some of the pupils joined the ranks of the army. The trustees were unable to secure the support necessary for its maintenance, and in 1862 the school was closed. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE PUBLIC SCHOOL SYSTEM. BY BENJ. E. MARTIN, SUPT. OF SCHOOLS, 1915. Changed conditions in the American home, the extreme subdivision of labor, and the discontinuance of the apprenticeship system in the trades, have necessitated radical changes in the public school system. In earlier times the home contributed a large part toward the education of the child, especially along manual lines. This is no longer true, except in a small minority of homes. With the great changes in the nature of the population, and in the industries, with the consequent failure of the home to perform the educational work it had formerly done, and the failure of the shop to contribute toward the industrial education of its employees, the burden upon the public school system has proportionately increased. Many changes in the system have resulted. The following are some of the more notable changes in the elementary school system — already completed, or in process: (1) the change from the highly graded system, with large groups as units, to the various systems that recognize the needs of the small group or of the individual child; (2) the introduction of prevocational courses into the work of the grades; (3) the shortening of the elementary school course to six years, with the work of the two or three upper grades incorporated as a part of a junior high school course. This work, with the work of the high school, constitutes a six year secondary school course. This is the so-called "six and six" plan, six years of elementary school work and six years of secondary school work. This change has come about through the recognized need of differentiations in the course of study to suit the varying needs of the pupils when they reach the age of about twelve years — the age when the individuality of the child begins to assert itself. In the education of pupils of secondary school age, the changes have been even greater. From the old style high school with one or two courses, there has been developed the modern high school with its multiplicity of courses. The development of very complete commercial courses, domestic science courses, agricul- tural courses, and other vocational courses in our regular high schools, in addition to the courses that formerly constituted the work of these schools, is notable. Besides these specialized forms of education in our high schools, there have been established the so-called industrial schools, vocational schools, trade schools, 566 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD and agricultural high schools, in which our youth from fourteen years up receive industrial and vocational training. These schools are today well established parts of our public school system. The continuation school, in which the industrial worker is given opportunity, and in some cases required, to supplement his education while at work, are rapidly becoming a recognized part of the public school system. The highly diversified evening school system in cities and large towns, and vacation schools, are recent additions to our school system that are worthy of note. The kindergarten and supervised playgrounds are also well- established parts of the public school system. The extension of the compulsory school age, the great atten- tion to the physical welfare of the child, the great care with which dependent, defective, and delinquent children are dealt with, are all features of the present day school system. To the foregoing account by Mr. Perham, the following is added by the present writer, although it involves some repetition : A few years ago, upon request, Mr. Emerson's son, Edward Waldo Emerson, kindly supplied the writer with the following: "I think it was in the Autimin of 1825 that Mr. Emerson, then a divinity student, went to Chelmsford to teach in the Academy. His younger brother, Robert Bulkeley Emerson, a good youth, but mentally deficient, was at work there on a farm at that time. Among Mr. Emerson's pupils were young Josiah Gardner Abbott and Benjamin Peter Hunt, a youth especially interesting to him, and with whom, though they seldom met, (for Mr. Hunt lived in Philadelphia), he always kept friendly relations. Hunt wrote to my father in 1860: — 'It is now thirty- five years since you began your teachings to me, and, with the exception of those of the great, rough, impartial world, I think they have been the best I ever received from any man whom I have personally known. I hope I shall continue to receive similar teachings, thankfully as at present for many years to come.' " [The present writer had, some years since, in his possession several letters of a most friendly character written by Emerson to Hunt. In one of them was a pleasing reference to Carlyle's Sartor Resartus, then just published.] "In Mr. Emerson's Journal for 1860 he writes: — 'When I remember how easily and happily I think in certain company, — as, for instance, in former years with Alcott, Charles Newcomb, earlier with Peter Hunt, though I must look far and wide for the persons and conditions, which yet were real, — and how unfavorable my daily habits of solitude are for this success, and consider also how essential this Commerce is to fruitfulness in writing, — I see that I cannot exaggerate its importance among the resources of inspir- ation.' I think he was writing 'Inspiration' at this time, and among the sources he notesConversation." (See "Letters and Social Aims.") PAPERS BY MR. H. S. PERHAM 567 Frederick F. Ayer, Esq. (Old Residents' Contributions, Vol. 5, p. 47), says: [Judge J. G. Abbott's] description of Emerson as a schoolmaster interested me most because I saw that Emerson had left his character on him in marks that would never wear away. He said Emerson never corrected, nor criticised, nor found fault with a boy, no matter what the boy had done; that only behind his wondrous smile, which almost concealed a faint expression of regret, could one read pages of what he would say, but never articulated. He said the worst boy in school was devoted to him. When some of the boys would be engaged in rough quarrels, he had seen Emerson appear at the door of the schoolhouse with his heart in his face, and the boys would forget their quarrel in an instant. The following account of Mr. Hunt was prepared by his nephew, Samuel Chamberlain Hunt. Benjamin Peter Hunt was bom in Chelmsford, Middlesex County, Massachusetts, on the 18th day of May, 1808. His ancestors were of the early Puritan stock, and in 1641 we find one of them, "William Hunt, admitted freeman of Concord," and in 1655 another, Edmund Chamberlain, the same, of Chelmsford. From his mother (Olive Chamberlain) Hunt, he inherited a wonderfully retentive memory, a cakn and impartial judgment, and the absolute loathing of all deception, shams, and falsehood, which made him such a terror to evil-doers. His valuable library was left to his heirs — nieces and nephews. He attended the common school until he was seventeen, when a year spent under the instrucJ:ion of Ralph Waldo Emerson, at the Chelmsford Academy, gave him an impulse to a higher education. In 1828 he entered Harvard College, the classmate, among others, of the Rev. Doctors Bellows and Osgood, the Honorable Geo. T. Curtis, John S. Dwight, Esq., and the Rev. Charles T. Brooks. Not remaining to finish the course, he came to Philadelphia, literally to seek his fortune. He taught a classical and scientific school for a number of years, reading everything that came in his way, and always seeking for his associates the cultivated and refined of both sexes. At last, disgusted with the school- master's drudgery, he determined to adopt a new calling, and sailed for Kingston, Ja., on the 6th of March, 1840, as supercargo of the brig "Olive Chamberlain." An account of this voyage was published in two numbers of "The Dial," in 1843. Emerson speaks of it as follows: "It seems to me the best of all sea voyages. Besides its rhetorical value, it has another quite additional, inasmuch as it realizes so fully for me the promise of the large, wise boy who made my school-days in Chelmsford so glad by his lively interest in books and his native delight in ethical thought, and life looks more solid and rich to me when I see these many years keep their faith." Hawthorne cites this piece from "The Dial" as "a solitary example of facts which had not lost their vigor by passing through the mind of a thinker." / 568 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD In 1842 Mr. Hunt went to Hayti to engage in mercantile business, landing at Cape Haytien in May, 1842, just after the earthquake had nearly buried the town. Here, at the scene of the defeat of Le Clerc's expedition, he visited the birthplace of Toussaint, and the old haunts of Dessalines and Christophe, and here began his study of the West Indian negro character and his almost unique collection of books relating to these islands. Success attended his efforts, and he became the he?d uf a wealthy com- mercial house in Port-au-Prince. The natural integrity of his character, his close attention to business, and his pleasure in literature, kept him from the dissipation and immorality into which foreigners in the West Indies so often fall. In 1851 he married a lady of Philadelphia, and in 1858, after making several visits to the United States, his health began to fail, and he retired from business, making Philadelphia his home, and he was only too happy to spend his life in his quiet library among his beloved books. A sincere abolitionist, Mr. Hunt early took part in the work for the freedmen, and earnestly labored as the Corresponding Secretary of the Port Royal Relief Committee, the Secretar}^ and Treasurer of the Pennsylvania Freedmen 's Relief Association — which latter position he relinquished when it became a salaried office, — and as one of the Supervisory Committee for Recruiting Colored Soldiers in Pennsylvania. When the war was ended, he set himself to right the wrongs of the colored people in his adopted city. In June, 1869, Mr. Hunt was requested by President Grant, through Secretary Fish, to "join a party of gentlemen, going to the West Indies for the purpose of obtaining information con- cerning several interesting localities in those islands, but more especially Saint Domingo." This project of annexation was very dear to him, but from motives entirely different from such as governed many of those interested in the subject. To some it was either the advantages of a coaling station, or so much more gold, sugar, coffee, and rum added, free of duty, to their commerce; but to him it was the door which opened the way for our laws, civilization, and Christianity, to permeate a half-barbarous community of blacks, who are keeping up to this day many of the superstitious practices which they brought from Africa. On the eve of the commission's departure from New York he was obliged reluctantly to give up his share in it, on account of sickness; but he kept, to the day of his death, the unshaken faith, that, sooner or later, the islands of the West Indies will form a part of the great Republic of America; and he left, unpublished, a most interesting and valuable account of the condition of society as he found it in Hayti, which his long intercourse with its people, his sympathy with them, and his insight into character, rendered him peculiarly fitted to describe. Mr. Hunt died at the Harrison Mansion, Frankford, Philadelphia, February 2, 1877. PAPERS BY MR. H. S. PERHAM 569 His physician said, "When I look at Mr. Hunt in his sufferings, I can think of no other word than 'majestic,' to describe his appearance." When some one said to him a few days before his death, "I think you will be a judge in the spirit world, — for if ever any one could decide between right and wrong, justice and injustice, you are that one," he replied, "I cannot tell what I shall be there, nor even if I shall go to heaven; but wherever the Lord appoints me, and gives me a work to do, there is my place, and there I shall be satisfied." The Hon. Josiah Gardner Abbott, LL. D., was born in Chelmsford, November 1, 1814, the son of Caleb and Mercy Abbott. She was the daughter of Josiah Fletcher. Caleb was the son of Caleb, son of Nathan, son of Timothy, son of Timothy, son of George, born in 1615, who came from Yorkshire, England, and was one of the first settlers of Andover. In 1838, Josiah Gardner Abbott married Caroline Livermore, daughter of the Hon. Edward St. Loe Livermore. They had eleven children. Three of his sons served in the army during the Civil War, and two of them fell in battle. He was born in what is known as the Wynn house opposite the Common, where, later. Deacon Otis Adams lived. His father kept a store in the village — Chelmsford Centre. He graduated at Harvard in 1832, and taught in the Fitchburg Academy. He studied law with Joel Adams, who had his office in Chelmsford; and with Nathaniel Wright of Lowell. He was a member of the Legislature in 1837, and was State senator in 1842 and 1843. In 1840 he edited the Lowell Advertiser. In 1853, he was a delegate to the Constitutional Convention, and two years later was made a Judge of the Superior Court for Suffolk County. In 1874, he was elected to the lower house of Congress. He was a man of great intellectual ability and of a kind heart. He died in 1891, aged seventy-six years and seven months. CHAPTER XI. SLAVES. WITCHES. WARNING OUT. SMALLPOX. FIRST SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF. THE SOCIAL LIBRARY. THE ADAMS LIBRARY. THE NORTH CHELMSFORD LIBRARY. THE MONUMENT ASSOCIATION. PRINTING. THE VILLAGE CLOCK. WATERING TROUGHS. MATCHES. WATER DISTRICTS. TOWN FARM. TRAINING SCHOOL. NEGRO SLAVES. SLAVERY, which had existed from the early days in Massa- chusetts, was legal after 1641, but practically ceased .before the Revolution. The State never explicitly abolished it, though the slave trade was prohibited in 1788, and, on account of the declara- tion of human rights in the Constitution of 1780, a number of slaves were declared free. In 1754, there were reported 8 negro slaves over 16 years old in Chelmsford. The number in Middlesex County was 361. In Boston, 989. In 1764-5, the number in Chelmsford was 11 — 7 male negroes and mulattoes, and 4 females. Between 1745 and 1767, the baptisms of 11 negroes are recorded in the church records. In 1772, 1 negro marriage, and 1 in 1782, are recorded in the Town records. 36 deaths of negroes are recorded between 1747 and 1830 in the church records. Rev. Evenezer Bridge owned a negro woman named Venus. Dr. Nehemiah Abbott owned a negro man named Cato, and a negro woman named Zube. Phillis and Dinah belonged to Joseph Moors. Colonel Stoddard, Benjamin Walker, Timothy Clark, William Campbell, Widow Elizabeth Fletcher, Benjamin Byam, Joseph Pierce, Samuel Adams, Gershom Procter, Deacon Ephraim Spaulding, Widow Rebecca Parker, Capt. John Butterfield, Eleazer Richardson, Capt. Jonathan Richardson, Josiah Fletcher, Ephraim Blood and Henry Spaulding owned slaves. At the end of lists of births, marriages and deaths in the printed Vital Records of Chelmsford will be found the names of negroes in this Town. SLAVES, WITCHES 57j WITCHES. The witch of Endor is everywhere known to Bible reader. the eye is the quickest, and exha es fiHu^o ' " -ST.'" ^°.'^' rti-reid=<£?-S^^^^^^^ body, and so^enS more ^netratinj a^d'Tr '"'1'"''! "^ fibres dehcate and susceptible ^^^''J'f'^^l^^^^^^^^t and their when the person is diSed provoM'^^^^^^^^ ^^^^"^^^ some extraordinary stress or emotion of minTf.^' . "^^^^"^S :?:JSi4"t^e-"~^^^^^^ ™te»ss-^Ji^l-;s^^^ 13th Century many executions took place in Engg^d *^ * ""= adiuU: rtit "wit"Ll^Lfir^feC i s-Bi^ ::rVa?ei -SL^^dthrwS^^^^^^ last four years arPr^^^iS T ^^ ''''^ sorcerers, within these realm YoS Grace's sXinT/^- ^"'''^''^ ^^'^"^ >^°^^ Grace's their colour fadetrthe:vteo?rf.^ '^'^ ""^° ^^^ death In France and Scotland tW ^^^' ^^^^' 'P^'^^ ^^ benumbed." nee and Scotland there were great outbursts of witchcraft witch^a^ ^nrtTa\^^.t^t^ "f^^^^ l^ '''' ^--bed a Cotton MathVcftes tSrom^cL' fo^ P^^^^^ ^P^"^'' A witch is a ner^nn i-u^-i- u . , ^.^^^estignsDaemonum: ^^idSISrr'^ "- -" or?--- believed there was such fhfio:, ^ °P'*? '" "'° ^'^"^ Century chusetts there were oSlv three or%"™' '"^ wtoheraft. In Massa- after the settkment ^ '™'' '^'^^ '" "^'^ "'■''^t ^^^ty years 572 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD There was no body of law in Massachusetts until 1641. The magistrates, in dispensing justice, used their understanding of right and wrong. In the year just named, "The Body of Liberties" was adopted, and was the beginning of Massachusetts statutory law. Equal justice to all; inviolability of person and property, except by law; humane treatment of brutes; no second trial for the same offence; cruel punishments forbidden; public records open for inspection; Church regulations enforced by civil courts; Scriptures to overrule custom or prescription; no slavery, except in case of lawful captives, or those who willingly sell themselves; were some of its provisions. Yet slavery con- tinued until 1780. A man or woman who was a witch was to be pvit to death, and there was the same penalty for invasion or rebellion. There were twelve capital crimes. At Chariest© wn, a woman was hanged as a witch in 1648. Others suffered in 1656 and 1688. In 1692, when the great out- break occurred in Salem, a general despondency had fallen upon the people, resulting from four consecutive small-pox epidemics, the loss of the old charter, a temporary increase in crime, financial depression, and a general dread of another Indian war. It was an apt moment for the spread of superstitious fear. There were sporadic cases in this vicinity. Mary Toothaker of Billerica was charged with wickedly, feloniously, and maliciously making a covenant with the devil, confirming it by making a mark on a piece of birch rind, that the devil brought to her; which shows the strange credulity of the time. Others were suspected in neighboring towns. Thomas Baly testified to hearing "a hideous noyse of strange creatures" when "ridinge between Groton Mil and Chensford," and was much affrighted, fearing they might be some evil spirits. John Willard, supposed to have been a witch, said they were locusts. Several women in Chelmsford were suspected of being witches. In 1760, Ebenezer Bridge, in his diary, says: Oliver Adams's wife charged Widow Byham with being a witch. Jarvis Mansfield told the writer that one of his ancestors married a witch. She was suspected, and the family kept her in doors most of the time for fear she would be accused and taken. The delusion caused the death of twenty-five or thirty persons in Massachusetts, one being crushed to death, that is, pressed to death by heavy weights placed upon him. In some cases their own families paid the expenses of the accused while in prison. In 1710, numerous petitions were presented by sons, husbands and others, for money expended at the time of imprisonment and execution of their relations, and for the removal of the attainder. In some cases, from £10 to £20 was paid that the record of condemnation might be expunged. Cotton Mather, colonial divine and author, eldest son of Increase Mather, was born in Boston, February 12, 1663. He SLAVES, WITCHES 573 graduated at Harvard when fifteen years old, and studied medicine. He married Maria, daughter of John Cotton. Overcoming a propensity to stammering, he became assistant minister to his father at the age of seventeen. He was a great scholar and a conservative leader among the Puritans. He took great interest in witchcraft, and published books on the subject. He was overworked and perhaps unbalanced by the attacks upon his activity in the witchcraft crisis. His father was president of Harvard, and he was greatly disappointed when he was not appointed to that position. He died February 13, 1728. He had extraordinary learning. His Magnalia Christi Americana was first printed in 1702. He never gave up his belief in witchcraft. He believed America was originally peopled with "a crew of witches transported hither by the Devil," who would allow the present victims to read Quaker books, the Common Prayer, and popish books, but not the Bible. When the children of John Goodwin became curiously affected in 1688, he, with three other Boston ministers, held a day of fasting and prayer. He took the eldest daughter to his house in order to inspect the spiritual and physiological phenomena of witchcraft, and his experiments are wonderful instances of curiosity and credulity. He discovered that the devils were familiar with Latin, Greek and Hebrew, but seemed less skilled in the Indian languages. He was sufficiently egotistic to regard the assaults of the infernal enemy as directed particularly against his own efforts to bring the souls of men unto heaven. After the excitement had subsided, he admitted "there had been a going too far in that affair." He was made a member of the Royal Society of London. The Legislature of Massachusetts appointed a day of fasting and supplication "that God would pardon all the errors of his servants and people in a late tragedy raised among them by Satan and his instruments." Judge Sewall, who had presided at many trials in Salem, stood up in the meeting house and implored the prayers of the people that the judgments of an avenging God might not be visited on the country, his family and himself. There was in Chelmsford one notable instance of accusation of witchcraft. Probably it may be safe to assume that the person referred to by Cotton Mather (see page 69), was Martha Sparks. How much Cotton Mather really knew of the case, it is impossible to say. Martha was born at Braintree, Sept. 16, 1656, the daughter of Thomas Barrett, son of Thomas. Her father moved to Chelms- ford, sometime prior to March, 1660. The two Thomases bought a house and fifty-two acres of land on the south side of Robin's Hill, April 10, 1663. These deaths are recorded: Thomas Barrett, Sr., Oct. 6, 1668. Margreatt, wife of Thomas Barrett, July 8, 1681. Thomas Barrett, Dec. 8, 1702. Fransis, wife of Thomas Barit, May 27, 1694. These were her grand-parents and parents. 574 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD On July 10, 1676, Martha was married to Henry Sparks of Exeter, N. H. In February of that year he is credited to Chelmsford in the return of a Middlesex Regiment of Militia. He was granted land in Chelmsford. The births of two of their children, Abiell, a daughter, in 1686, and Deliverance, a son, March 8, 1690, are recorded in Chelmsford, as is the death of another son, not named in the record, July 6, 1683. Henry Sparks died July 16, 1694, and Martha died Feb. 28, 1697. She was confined in Boston Gaol, October 28, 1691, on suspicion of witchcraft. November 1, 1692, her father petitioned the Governor and Council for her release, and on December 6 gave a recognisance for her appearance in Court, and two days afterwards she was set free, no doubt owing to the influential interposition of the Rev. Mr. Clarke, then minister of Chelmsford ; that is, assuming this to be the case mentioned by Mather. The case was probably never called in Coxu-t. At that time, after the dissolution of the first charter, the Court of Assistants was super- seded by the Superior Court of Judicature, and there is no record of such a case being tried by either of these Courts. The Records of the Middlesex County Court for the period when this case might have been called in that Court were burned some time since in a fire in Concord, where they were then kept, but no papers relating to the case are to be found in the Court files of 1692 and 1693. In the early part of 1693, Governor Phips, being about to leave the country, pardoned all the condemned, and the jails were delivered. In Europe, executions for witchcraft were occasional until nearly the end of the eighteenth century. These are the documents relating to the case of Martha Sparks : PETITION OF THOMAS BARRETT. To his Excy. Sr. WiUiam Phips, Knt. Capn Genii, and Governor, in Cheife of their Majties Province of the Massachusetts Bay in New England and to the Honed. Council thereof. The Humble Petition of Thomas Barrett of Chelmsford in New England, in behalf of his Daughter Martha Sparkes, wife of Henry Sparkes who is now a Souldier in their Majties Service att the Easterne Parts, and soe hath beene for a Considerable Time, Humbly Showeth That yor Petitionrs Daughter hath Layne in Prison in Boston for the Space of Twelve months and Five days, being Committed by Thomas Danforth, Esq the Late Depty Governor, upon suspicion of Witchcraft, Since which noe Evidence hath appeared against her in any Such matter, neither hath any Given bond to prosecute her nor doth any one att this day accuse her of any such thing as yor Petitionr knows of. That Yor Petitionr hath SLAVES, WITCHES 575 ever since kept two of her children — the one of 5 years ye other of 2 years old, wch hath been a considerable Trouble and charge to him in his poore & meane Condition; besides yor Petitionr hath a Lame antient & sick wife, who for these 5 y cares & upwards past hath beene soe afflicted: as that shee is altogether rendred uncapable of affording her self any help, wch much augments his Trouble. Yor Poore Petitionr Earnestly and humbly Intreates Yor E'cy & honrs. to take his distressed condition into yor consideracon, And that you will please to order ye releasemt. of his Daughtr. from her confinemt. Whereby shee may retume home to her poore children to look after them, haveing nothing to pay the charge of her Confinemt. And yor Petitionr as in duty bound shall ever pray, Nov. 1, 1692. &c. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 135, p. 62, doc. 64.] THOMAS Barrett's recognizance for martha sparks' appearance AT MIDDLESEX COURT. Recognizance of Martha Sparks : "Memorandum That on the Sixth day of Decembr. 1692 in the ffowerth year of the Reign of our Souerain Lord & Lady William & Mary by the grace of God of England &c; King & Queen Defenders of ye ffaith ; Personally Appeared before us James Russell & Samuell Heyman Esqs of their Maiesties Council! & Province of the Massachusets Bay in New England, & Justices of peace within ye Same; Thomas Barrat of Chelms- ford in ye County of Middlesex; Mason & Acknowledged himself to be indebted unto our Sd: Lord &. Lady the King & Queen and the survivors of them, their Heires & Successors, in the Some of Two hundred pounds to be leavied on his Goods or Chattells Lands or Tennements for ye use of our said Lord &. Lady ye King &. Queen or Surviver of them if default be made in the performance of the Condition under- written, viz The Condition of the above Recognisance is Such yt wheare as Martha Sparks of Chelmsford in the County of Middlesex was committed to Boston Goall being accused & suspected of per- petrating or committing divers Acts of Wichcraft; If therefore ye aforesd. Martha Sparks Shall make her personal! Appearance before the Justices of our sd. Lord & Lady the King & Queen; at the next Court of Assizes Oyer & Terminer & Generall Goall deliuery to be holden for, or within ye County of Middlesex Abouesd. to Answer what Shall be Obiected against her in their Maities. behalfe refering to Witchcraft and to do &. Receiue yt. 576 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD which by said Court Shall be then and there Inioined her, and not depart without Licence then the abouesaid Recognizance to be void or Elce to abide in ffull fforce &. virtue. Capt. & Recognit die & diet. Coram. Ja: Russell Samuell Hayman" [Suffolk Clerk of Courts— Early Files— No. 2696.] ITEMS FROM THE ACCOUNT OF JOHN ARNOLD, THE GAOL KEEPER AT BOSTON. 1692 The Country is Dr. March 9 To Chaines for Sarah Good & Sarah Osbourn £ — :14 May 23 To Shackles for 10 prisoners £ 2: 29 To 1 pr. of Irons for Mary Cox £- To Sarah Good of Salem Villedge from the 7th of March to ditto 1st June 12 weeks at 2/6 £ 1:10:— To Rebecca Nurse of same place from 12th April 7 weeks and one day at 2s. 6d £ — :17: — To the Keeping of Sarah Osbourn from the 7th of March to the 10th of May, when she died, being 9 weeks & 2 days £1:3: — To Keeping Martha Sparks from the 28th of October 1691 to the 8th of Decembr. 1692— 58 weeks at 2 /6 pr w £ 7 : 5 : 1 To 20 cord of Wood expended on Sundry prsons committed for witchcraft in the Winter of 1692 £ 8:— :— To Bedding, Blankets & Clothes for sundry poore Prisonrs. committed for Witchcraft by order of the Governmt £16: — : — To Turning the Key £ — : 5 : — John Arnold [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 135. Document 24, and Vol. 40, pp. 612-626.] (Arnold's salary was £20 a year.) INHABITANCY AND WARNING OUT. The Town government in Massachusetts was based upon English law and custom. The early settlers believed that a corporation, established by free consent, and embodying their place of residence, belonged to them, and that no man had a right to come in and be one of them without their consent. New inhabitants in a Town could become such only by vote of the freemen of that place, or the selectmen. "All strangers of what quality soever, above the age of sixteen years, arriving SLAVES, WITCHES 577 in this Jurisdiction, shall immediately be brought before the Governor to give an account of their business in this country." (Law of 1651.) No stranger was allowed to be entertained, except friends from other parts of this country, for more than three weeks. In 1722, Chelmsford imposed a fine for keeping strangers in Town more than 30 days. Inhabitancy, or the right to live in a Town, did not always give the right to vote, nor did the owning of property. In 1631, the Colony restricted the right to vote to inhabitants in full communion with the church, which meant a minority of the male population. Any person not excepted against within three months was reputed an inhabitant. Towns were responsible for the proper conduct of their inhabitants, and for the support of such as became incapable of their own support, and they felt they had the right to exclude those for whom they did not wish to become responsible. Thus arose the liability for property destroyed by riots, and the expres- sion, "the freedom of the city," or the right to dwell therein, and the right to take the estate of any inhabitant in execution on a judgment against the Town. The right to exclude from inhabit- ancy was sometimes used to keep out persons whose religious or political opinions were objectionable. This right of exclusion was generally used with discrimination, but in some Towns practically all newcomers, regardless of their character or standing, were warned to depart, thus avoiding any possibility of liability on the Town's part, though, in many cases, it was not expected that they would depart. The right of inhabitancy generally included the right of owning land in the Town, and of commonage, and also carried riparian rights. "Every Inhabitant who is an House holder, shall have free Fishing and Fowling in any great Ponds, Coves and Rivers, so far as the Sea Ebbes and Flows within the precincts of the Town where they dwell, unless the Freemen of the same Town or the General Court have otherwise appropriated them;" &c. [1641, 7.] The basis of land titles in New England was a grant from the English Crown, i. e., the King. Purchases of land from Indians without license from the Colony were void. Whatever land the Indians had possessed and improved, they held by right. Lands or houses could not be sold or let to strangers without the consent of the Town. This was also necessary for the exchange of land between inhabitants. The General Court, in its early sessions, gave much time to making grants of land, establishing bounds of Towns and estates, and making highways and bridges. The first Town meetings did the same. Most of the early bounds are now impossible to locate. For example: in Chelmsford, in 1670, "a parsill of land" was granted to henry Bowtell — bounded on the north by a hole in the ground, east by a white oak tree, south by the brook, west by the highway 578 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD leading to the merrimack. Other bounds were as uncertain, such as a stump in a swamp, or a marked pine, or a heap of stones, which, of course, were not many years in disappearing. In 1656, an order was passed by the Town that no person should own land until he had been approved and admitted as an inhabitant by a majority vote at a public Town meeting. Only such persons as could contribute to the prosperity of the Town or the well-being of the inhabitants were desired. Trades were among the recommendations of the newcomers. About 1655, Henry Farwell came from Concord. He died in 1670, and in his will he styles himself a tailor. In 1656, William How, a weaver, was admitted an inhabitant and granted 30 acres of land on condition that he follow his trade, and perform the Town's work. In the same year, Samuel Adams was admitted and given a grant of land provided he set up a saw- mill and supply the Town with boards at three shillings a hundred, or saw one log for the providing and bringing of another. He was also given other land in consideration of his putting up a corn-mill, and the Town passed an order "that no other corn-mill shall be erected for this town, provided the said Adams keep a sufficient mill and miller." In 1663, the Town granted to John Stevens a ten acre lot of upland, he to pay fifty shillings "by the next Meckletide." (Michaelmas.) Another expression used in the records is ','on Monday come se'n night." "1 March 1670 Petter Dell is granted a house lott answerable to what other young men have had vp on condition that hee Buld a dweling house vp on the same and there to live and to pay all publike Dewes to Chelmsford." In a deed of 1671, Steven perce is styled a tailor. "The 5 Dy of 12 mo 1677 was given to Jacob Warren tew Acers of land lying Ajoyning to richard hildreth land on the south sid of the bridge for him to buld a house on for his subsistance." "The 5 Day of 12. 1677 was granted and given to Petter Dell three Acers of land neare to the land of Thomas Cory for a house lott and hee is to buld and inhabitt on the same or [ ] forfitt the same to the towne." "The Day Above att a genorall metting was given to Thomas Adams tow Acers of land near Thomas Parkers land on Robins hill for the said Adams to buld a Dweling house on the same or else this gifte to be of no force." "26, 12, 1677 was granted to Thomas Parker sixe Acers of land on Condition that hee com and folow his trade of Shoo- making in this towne." "The Day Above was given to Will good Foure Acers of land Aioyning to David freshold now John barks lott for to buld a house on it co folow his trade." SLAVES, WITCHES 579 "The Day Above was given to henry sparks an Acer and halfe of land Aioyning to his former lott for him to buld a house on near the springe." "1681. 7 the 12 mo. Josiah Sawyer at his request was admitted an Inhabitant in this Towne." "1682, 5 day of Febuwary. John Louell a tanner, was admitted an inhabitant in this towne the towne granted him Hberty on the Common for barke as is Convenient for his trade." Feb. 2, 1685. "Mr. Jerathmell Bowers by a unanimous voat was admitted an inhabitant of this town." 1693. Jeams Dvtton was granted 3 acres to build a house and shop in order to following his trade. 1698 — "Voted that Zacrah Richardson of wobom shold have 3 or 4 acers of land on condition he come and dwell in our town and follow the trade of ablack Smith." In 1659, an order was passed by the General Court providing that, in cases in which the Town was not willing that certain persons should remain, notice should be given them, and if they still remained, the selectmen should petition the next County Court and prosecute the same to effect. The Articles of Confederation of the Massachusetts, Plymouth, and Connecticut Colonies in 1672 recognized the right of Towns to warn strangers to depart to the place of former abode. Three years later the danger from the Indians obliged many to forsake their homes for other places. They did not thus become "reputed inhabitants thereof," but, if necessary, were to be so employed or disposed of that public charge might be avoided. As population increased and people moved about more, the Article of 1672 was to some extent disregarded, and in 1692, an act was passed for warning persons out of Town, and the custom was practiced until the Act of Settlement of 1793, or for more than one hundred and thirty years. ["Warning Out in N. E.," Benton.] The following items are a few from the Chelmsford Town Records, which will illustrate the subject: June 3 1696 paid out of the Town Rate for mending the pound and entring 2 Caviats at Conkerd Court Against persons warned out of the Towne £01.01.00 When there was danger of newcomers becoming burdensome to the Town, they were warned out and a Caution was entered with the Court of Sessions. 1700 To Joseph Parkhurst for warning Ann Dickerman out of ye Town 0:1:0:0 In 1707, the following items appear, for warnings the previous year. To Constable Swalo for warning the wido Coper out of Town 0:1:0:0 580 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD To Constable Swalo for warning Sam Davis out of Town £0 :1 :0 :0 To " Hildreth" " ben barit " " " 0:1:0:0 To " " " " Nathaniell Davis out of Town 0:1:0:0 "By a warrant from the Town Clerk by order of ye selectmen bearing Date the: 11: Day of July 1720 Mary Man was warned out of the Town of Chelmsford to Depart to the Town of Scituate where of Righ[t] she did belong as appears by the Retron on sd warrant viz. Chelmsford the: 12: Day: 1720 Notified the Person within mentioned forthwith out of Town." Dec. 16 John Partison was warned to depart out of the Town of Chelmsford with his family to the Town of Billericae. "There was a warrant for the warning Mary Blan chard out of Town entered at the general sessions of the peice [ ] at Concord the last Tuesday of August 1722." To Richard Stevens for conveying Mary Blanchard to Dunstable 00.07.00 March 12 172>^ The selectmen apointed Mr Joseph Underwood to give in Reasons to the Genii Court Why Mary Lambert should not be setled as an inhabitant upon Chelmsford. June the: 4: 1722 The select-men Ordered that Lt. Benja- min Adams in there behalf Should agree with the Select-men of Concord Concerning Mary Lambert on these following terms. viz: That if Concord will remit there Cost which was sett upon Chelmsford at the last Inferiour Court at Concord holden by adjournment on the second Tuesday of April last that then they will receive her as an Inhabitant. To Mr Joseph underwood for his going to Concord Court as agent for the select-men to Defend the Town from Mary Lambert being settled as an Inhabitant with his time, expenses, and seeing a Lawyer 01.18.04 Feb. 5, 172^ the widow Ana Golusha and her children and John Duncan were warned out of town. Wm. Langley was paid 2 shillings for entering a Warrant at Court. 1726 Jerimy Miller was warned out of town. 1735 To Edward Spaulding Constable for warning several persons out of town 00.03.00 1755 To Olever Peirce Constable for Warning persons out of Town in the year 1753 five shilling 00.05.00 1756 To Zebadiah Keyes Constable for warning out Jeremiah Ferington and family and Samuel Fasset and family two shillings 00.02.00 1758 To Mr. Jonas Adams for warning Persons out of town and for money paid for Entring Cautions in the year 1756 six shillings 00.06.00 1759 To Elcazer Richardson for warning Robert Hildretch and family out of town and for money paid for entring Causion 00.03.04 SLAVES, WITCHES 581 1759 To Sergt Samuel Perham for Removing Timothy farley and family out of town four shillings £00.04.00 In 1795, 211 persons were warned to depart out of Town within fifteen days. These included: Phinehas Whiting, Elisha Ford, John Farmer and wife, Henry Cobum and wife, Dr. Timothy Harrington and wife, Samuel Pitts, Joanna, his wife, and their children, Thomas, John, Sarah and Mary, and a person by the name of Mary Philips from Boston; Jeremiah Abbott, wife and daughter, Jonathan and Timothy Manning and their wives, Israel and David Putnam. Books F, G, I, P and V of the Town Records name hundreds of people warned out during the Eighteenth Century. SMALLPOX. From very early times (the sixth century) the Chinese inocu- lated persons with smallpox, with a reduced mortality. In 1721, Lady Mary Wortley Montague had her son inoculated in London. But inoculated persons became a focus for the spread of the disease. Shortly before the year 1800, one-tenth of the population of England died of the smallpox. In 1775, Jenner discovered vaccination to be a preventive of this disease. This was inocula- tion with cow-pox as a protection against smallpox, and began to be practiced in 1796. The ravages of smallpox in the army and navy as well as among people generally were very great. In 1721, nearly 8 per cent, of the population of Boston died with this disease. Smallpox was brought to Europe by the returning crusaders and reached England by the thirteenth century. It was introduced into America by the Spaniards shortly after the year 1500, and spread with great severity. "April the 23, 1722 it is Ordered by the Select-men That in as-much as the small-pox is in John Bates his family and it is to be feared the infection will spread if some due Care be not rather speedily [taken] to prevent the same: That the Country Road be stopt with fencing across by sd Bates Cider-mill and by Ebenezer Spauldings Orchard and that notifications be sett on the sd fence at each stopage to inform passengers of the occasion that thereby they may be prevented from taking any infection " To a perticular Warrant to notifie Bates familie to prevent the spreading of the small pox £00.02.00 for Returning the precept 00.05.00 for one Day to hire a nurce to nurce at Bates 00.02.00 for fencing the high-way to prevent the spreading of the small pox 00.03.00 Novem. 2, 1722. To John Davise Constable for one Day to notify those families that had the small-pox that they keep themselves entirely at home to prevent the spreading thereof 00.03.06 to Sd Davice for another Day in the service above sd. . 00.03.06 582 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Feb. 24, 1776. To Benjamin Spaulding for time spent about fencing up the road to prevent people's going to Dr. Marshall's when the small pox was there £0:1 :6:0 In 1792 Voted "not to have a Horspetel (or pest house) erected in this Town" "not at the expense of the Town but of such persons as may chuse to be inoculated in some part or parts of the Town where non of the Inhabitants shall in measure be exposed to the infection." In 1823 the Town voted to provide a suitable hospital for the reception of all infected with the smallpox, and to petition the Legislature to make it the duty of the selectmen of each Town to provide annually for the vaccination of the inhabitants. The names of the Committee were Francis Brinley, William Adams and Kirk Boott. In 1835, $100 was appropriated for vaccinating all persons in the Town. In 1838, the turnpike was closed to travel on account of smallpox, from which the families of James V. Hadley and Willard Cummings suffered, and received respectively from the Town S136 and $71 to help pay their charges. PART TWO. FIRST SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF. 1866, June 1, a school for the deaf was established in Chelms- ford, of which Miss Harriet B. Rogers was made the principal and Miss Mary Byam, assistant. Only three pupils were enrolled on the first day, others were engaged to follow in a short time, one came in September and two in the following spring. This Chelmsford school was the first regularly organized school for the deaf in this country in which only the pure oral method was taught. The number of pupils was limited to seven. While Miss Rogers had eight pupils in the spring of 1867, only two were paying the full price, and Mr. Gardiner Greene Hubbard raised about a thousand dollars to help carry on the v/ork, Mrs. Henry Lippitt, Mr. Talbot, Mr. Francis W. Bird, Mr. S. D. Warren and others subscribing. The Hon. Mr. Hubbard was of great assistance in many ways. The school owed its existence to him. Mrs. Mary Swift Lamson, a teacher of Laura Bridgman, lent her aid. The Chelmsford School became the nucleus of the Clark School at Northampton. [See Dumb No Longer, De Land.] Several notices of the Chelmsford School appeared in the Boston papers. These notices led officials of institutions for the deaf, in other States, to visit the school to perceive how the seemingly impossible was brought about. Some thought the system was wasteful of time and money, but others highly appre- ciated the value of the new system of instruction, and gradually introduced it into their institutions; that is, the system of teaching only by articulation and lip-reading. This school had great SLAVES, WITCHES 583 success and deaf-mutes were taught to speak and articulate correctly and to read from the lips. The school was held at first in the left-hand upper front-room of Deacon Otis Adams' house fronting on the Common, and later was moved to the lower floor of the Academy, which adjoined it and which became the Baptist parsonage. Mr. John Clark of Northampton intimated that he would give S50,000 to found a school for the deaf in that town, and in 1867, the organization of the corporation was completed. Miss Rogers was unanimously elected principal, and a cordial invitation was extended to the Chelmsford pupils to enter the new school. At first, says Mr. De Land, Miss Rogers hesitated to close the little pioneer school. She finally accepted, and left Chelmsford in August, and on October 1, 1867, formally opened the Clark School, with Miss Mary S. Byam as her assistant. One of the pupils at Chelmsford was Theresa, daughter of the Hon. Lewis J. Dudley of Northampton. She was a deaf- mute, but learned to talk. Another pupil was Mabel, daughter of Mr. Hubbard. A third was Jeanie, daughter of Gov. Lippitt of Rhode Island. Roscoe Green was also a pupil of Miss Rogers. Mabel Hubbard became the wife of Alexander Graham Bell. It was from his experiments in visualizing the vibrations of speech in order to enable deaf children to read speech from the graphic presentations of the inflections and modulations of the speaker's words, that the invention of the telephone came about. ["Dumb No Longer."] THE SOCIAL LIBRARY. The period following the Revolution was marked by intellec- tual as well as other activities. In an address made at the centennial of the founding of this library, Mr. H. S. Perham dwells upon that fact, and speaks of the m.en like the Hon. John Pitts and the Hon. Dudley A. Tyng, officers of the Mass. Society for promoting Agriculture in 1792, and of other members, the Hon. Ebenezer Bridge, perhaps the most influential citizen of Chelmsford at that time, Parker Varnimi, Esq., and Samuel Pitts, Esq., as being interested in furthering such organizations for the good of the community. Such industrial and agricultural enterprises with the various religious and educational institutions, schools and academies, which were founded in that period, as well as the canals, bridges, mills, and good dwellings, show a community of a high order of intelligence. "The state of society was such as to attract brilliant and gifted minds to settle here for the practice of the professions. Samuel Dexter, LL. D., the statesman, opened an office here in 1786, and Asahel Stearns, A. M., later professor of law in Harvard College, in 1800." The Social Library was organized in 1794, and incorporated in 1812. Some account of it will be found in connection with the life of its founder, the Rev. Hezekiah Packard. The articles of 584 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD agreement were signed by seventy-eight persons, making a valuable collection of Chelmsford autographs. In 1801, the Institution and Regulations were printed with the list of books (170). The Institution varies slightly in phraseology from the original Constitution and reads thus : Every attempt to improve the minds and morals of men is laudable and praiseworthy. Every exertion to entertain and instruct persons of different ages and ranks, and to induce a relish for useful learning and moral science deserves the patronage of the wise and good. Being persuaded that a Social Library, under good regulations, ma}^ answer these purposes. We, the Subscribers, do constitute and form ourselves into a Society, this sixth day of January, 1794, for establishing such a Library in the Town of Chelmsford. And we mutually promise and engage to conform and submit to the following Laws and Rules, which shall be subject, however, to such alterations as shall hereafter be thought proper. The membership fee was two dollars; the annual dues twenty-five cents. Of the first ninety-three books purchased, but twelve could be classed as fiction. Moral, religious and philosophical works predominated, relieved by a few volumes of poetry or of voyages and travel. The books were kept at the houses of the librarians, of whom the first was Oliver Barron, at whose tavern the books were first lodged. Next they spent a year at Simeon Spaulding's, then several years at the parsonage, and a long time at the house of Captain Caleb Abbott. They were moved about frequently after that, (E. H. Warren thus transported them six times) imtil no suitable place could be found, and they were stored. Then Mr. William Fletcher cared for them, and finally a room was fitted up in the Town Hall to receive them. Joseph Warren gave $500 for a fund and Adams Emerson S75. In 1893, it was made a free public library, taking advantage of the State provision, the Town appropriating $200, and the State giving $100 worth of books. $50 worth was also given by the library commissioners. The Social Library gave their 1,846 volumes. There was also the Chelmsford Agricultural Library of 101 voliunes. FREE PUBLIC LIBRARY. The Free Public Library of Chelmsford, in the report of 1894, states that the proprietors of the Chelmsford Social Library voted, May 8, 1893, to donate the books belonging to them to the Free Public Library. These were turned over to the trustees, July 1. The South Chelmsford Library also gave their entire collection of books. The library was first opened to the public, October 7, 1893. The trustees were Mrs. Harriet M. Bartlett, secretary, Luther _H. Sargent, Henry S. Perham, chairman, S. Ingersoll Briant, Louisa A. Allen, A. Heady Park. SLAVES, WITCHES 585 In 189G, by vote of the Town, the name was changed to "The Adams Library." THE ADAMS LIBRARY. The inadequacy of the accommodations at the Town Hall for the increasing number of volumes led to the making of plans for remodelling of the old brick schoolhouse at the cemetery, when Mr. Amos F. Adams became interested in the project, and other locations were considered. Finally, the present site of the Adams Library was given to the Town by Mr. J. Adams Bartlett, and Captain C. E. A. Bartlett bore the expense of grading it. Mr. Adams then caused to be erected the present elegant building, at a cost of about $30,000. Amos Francis Adams was born in South Chelmsford, May 26, 1842, and married Alice J. Wellington of Ashby, Mass., December 25, 1865. He was the son of Charles and Nancy Robbins Adams. His line of descent on his father's side is: Amos F., Charles, Isaac, Thomas, Samuel, Tim.othy, Lieut. Thomas, Henry. He died, Wednesday, January 4, 1911, at his home in Newton. He received his early education here, and then at the Appleton Academy, New Ipswich. In 1862, he went to Boston and obtained employment in the Quincy Market. In 1866, he became a commission merchant, and later the senior member of the firm of Adams and Chapman, in North Market street. He liked hunting as a diversion, and went sometimes to the West with gun and dogs on a hunting trip. He was generous and affable, and in personal appearance was well-built and handsome. He contributed liberally to the Unitarian organ in Chelmsford and to the erection of All Saints' cloister. He was a member of the Dalhousie Lodge of Masons in Newton and of the Royal Arch Chapter and Gethsemane Commandery. His life-size portrait in oil hangs in the Library. CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. The centennial celebration of the founding of the Social Library took place in the Town Hall, Saturday evening, January 6, 1894. Mr. H. S. Perham gave the historical address. Mr. George A. Parkhurst read a poem written for the occasion by Mrs. M. L. Emerson. Addresses were made by Governor Greenhalge, Thomas Parker Proctor, Esq., Judge Samuel P. Hadley and Professor C. F. Emerson of Dartmouth College, and letters were read from Mr. C. H. Dalton of Boston and Professor A. S. Packard of Brown University. 586 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD DEDICATION. The dedication of the Adams Library took place May 8, 1895. Dinner was served in a large tent on the Library grounds at one o'clock. The Rev. E. A. Horton of Boston delivered the address. Many people were assembled, and some of the speakers were those who had spoken at the above mentioned centennial. The Adams Library contains over 11,000 volumes, and has a circulation of about 18,000. Although situated in the Centre Village, it also supplies the South and East Villages with books. The report of 1895 gives the organization of the Board of Trustees, as H. S. Perham, chairman, Mrs. H. M. Bartlett, secretary; the other trustees were A. Heady Park, Louisa A. Allen, Luther H. Sargent and Rev. S. Ingersoll Briant. The report of 1896 gives J. Adams Bartlett and Mrs. Georgiana H. Pierce instead of Mr. Perham and Miss Allen. The other trustees elected by the Town have been, O. S. Batchelder, Emma L. Gay, Albert H. Davis, Rev. Wilson Waters, Frances Clark, Otis P. Wheeler. The present Board consists of Messrs. Davis (since 1898). Waters (since 1899), Park (since 1894), E. R. Clark (since 1910), Wheeler (since 1910), and Miss Clark (since 1903). The librarians of the Free Public Library and the Adams Library have been Mrs. E. T. Adams, Miss Nettie M. Stevens, Rev. H. A. Cornell, Lieut. Com. Charles H. Greenleaf, E. R. Clark, Mrs. E. R. Clark. [For action of the Town in accepting the building, see chapter entitled "Annals."] In 1895, the committee appointed by the Town to arrange for the dedication of the new building of the AdamiS Library were : J. Adams Bartlett, E. K. Parkhurst, H. S. Perham, Frank C. Byam, Newell E. Parker, S Ingersoll Briant, E H Shaw, George F Snow, Wilson R Dix. The dedication took place May 8, 1895. "The citizens, with the invited guests, assembled at noon and marched in procession under the lead of the marshal, Hon. E. H. Shaw, to the tent (on the Library grounds) in which dinner was served. Music was furnished by the Dunstable band, and during the exercises by the Corinthian Quartet of Boston. The divine blessing was invoked by Rev. S. I. Briant. The president of the day, Mr. C. E. A. Bartlett, made the opening address. The donor, Mr. Amos F. Adams, in felicitous words, presented the keys of the Adams Library to the chairman of the selectmen, Mr. J. E. Warren, who accepted the trust in behalf of the Town. The dedicatory prayer was offered by Rev. Granville Pierce. The oration by Rev. E. A. Horton of Boston set forth 'The signifi- cance of the Free Public Library in modern New England.' Addresses followed from Hon. John D. Long of Hingham, Thomas P. Proctor, Esq., of Boston, Rev. W. S. Packard of Brown Univcr- SLAVES, WITCHES 587 sity, Judge S. P. Hadley of Lowell, Hon. Henry S. Nourse of Lancaster, Hon. George A. Marden of Lowell, and Prof. C. F. Emerson of Dartmouth College. There was a large audience. Gifts were reported aggregating $1,150; also 359 volumes and 517 magazines. Some of the larger donations which the Library has received are these: From Thomas Minot Adams, $500; from Thomas P. Proctor, $500; by the will of Miss Mary B. Proctor, $10,000, subject to certain contingencies, with a life-size portrait of her father, Thomas P. Proctor; a tall clock from B. M. Fiske; a reference case from Miss Maria L. Reed, in memory of the Reed family; from the V. I. A., a cabinet for the preservation of historic relics; and $200 from the estate of Serlina G. Richardson. The Library is supported by an annual appropriation of $1,200 by the Town. NORTH CHELMSFORD LIBRARY. A meeting for the organization of the North Chelmsford Library Association met at the Town Hall in that village, January 19, 1872. Dr. N. B. Edwards was chairman, and L. H. Sargent, secretary. The officers elected were President, N. B. Edwards; Vice President, Charles W. Flint; Secretary, F. T Gay; Treasurer, Samuel T. Wright; Directors: Ziba Gay, 3 years; L. H. Sargent, 2 years; Benj. Fletcher, 1 year. The next winter a course of lectures was given under the auspices of the Association. Other courses followed. October 16, 1878, it was voted to purchase a building and land of N. B. Edwards. In 1879, the number of books in the Library was 376. The interest shown in the prosperity of the Library was frequently evidenced by gifts of various kinds and work done on the building. The Ladies' Union Club contributed to its success. In 1888, some correspondence is noted with the Social Library at the Centre Village, in regard to exchange of books. Dr. Edwards and Mr. C. W. Flint each gave $500 for a fund. Various other gifts have been received. In 1893, there was a discussion of the proposition to make the Social Library at the Centre (of about 2,000 volmnes) a free town library, and the library at the North Village (with about 2,700 volumes) becoming a branch of this. In 1894, the Association voted, in consideration of an appro- priation of $200 made by the Town, to make the books of the Library free to all inhabitants of the Town. The Association was incorporated August 8, 1907, under the name of the North Chelmsford Library Corporation. 588 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD ORIGINAL SUBSCRIBERS TO THE LIBRARY FUND. Adams, Thomas J.; Adams, Willie; Baldwin Co.; Bailey, George 0.; Blodgett, Floyer F.; Blodgett, Frederick W.; Blod- gett, Hattie M.; Bond, Phineas S.; Bosworth, Henry E.; Burn- ham, R. S. ; Butterfield, John H. ; Choate, Alfred R. ; Dodge, J. S. ; Draper, William L. ; Duncan, Fred T. ; Dunn, Sarah; Durant, Thos. and Son; Edwards, Nathan B.; Farr, Mary; Fisk, Henry A.; Flagg, Timothy; Fletcher, Benjamin; Fletcher, Frank A.; Fletcher, Jona. T.; Flint, Charles W.; Gay, Frederick T.; Gay, Ziba; Grow, Don Alonzo; Hall, Harrison; Hall, John S.; Hogan, Patrick; Hollis, Mary; Holt, George B.; Howard, Mary; Hyde, George; Josselyn, Edwin; Leavitt, Stephen B.; Marshall, Thomas W.; Phillips, Daniel, Rev.; Rendall, Job; Richardson, Edward F. ; Ripley, Fred. K.; Ripley, Royal S.; Sampson, James A.; Sampson, Seth P. ; Sargent, J. Hoyt; Sargent, Luther H. ; Sargent, Nelly H.; Sharp, Clara J.; Sharp, John; Shaw, Elisha; Shaw, Elisha H.; Sheldon, George T. ; Sheldon, Julia L.; Sleeper, James F.; Small, Everett F.; Smith, George H.; Stetson, Martha; Swain, Edwin; Swett, Mrs. William; Tuck, William; Warley, John; Warren, Frances; Wheeler, Otis P.; Whidden, George W.; Willsteed, Charles; Woodward, Horace W.; Worden, Mrs. Charles; Wright, Samuel T.; Wright, Otis D. The directors for 1914 were Henry T. Ripley, H. Ellen Sargent and Sarah E. Sheldon. The North Chelmsford Library contains about 7,000 volumes, and has a circulation of about 14,000. It supplies the West Village with books. The Town appropriates $800 annually for its support. THE CHELMSFORD MONUMENT ASSOCIATION. Mr. Charles H. Dalton of Boston, having suggested the idea of erecting a monument to the memory of the Revolutionary patriots of Chelmsford, the following gentlemen met at the house of Deacon Otis Adams, on the evening of Friday, March 25, 1859, to discuss the subject: Capt. Josiah Fletcher, Otis Adams, Dr. J. C. Bartlett, Gardner Fletcher, William Fletcher, E. K. Parkhurst, J. Richardson Fletcher, C. H. Dalton, E. H. Warren. Deacon Adams was chairman, and E. H. Warren, secretary. The result of this meeting was that a public meeting of the citizens was held at the Town hall, with the same officers, on the 15th of April, and the Chelmsford Moniiment Association was formed. Mr. Dalton presented a patriotic preamble and resolutions, and a constitution was adopted. Willard Parker, M. D., of New York, was chosen president, and J. C. Bartlett, M. D., H. W. B. Wight- man, Esq., Capt. Asa Hodgman, and R. W. Emerson, Esq., of Concord, vice presidents. The recording secretaries were E. H. SLAVES, WITCHES 589 Warren and G. A. Parkhurst, and the corresponding secretaries, J. Richardson Fletcher, C. H. Dalton, Esq., and J. F. K. Adams. Deacon Otis Adams was treasurer. The executive committee were: Capt. Josiah Fletcher, John C. Dalton, M. D., Gen. Benjamin Adams, Hon. J. G. Abbott of Lowell, Major Joseph Manning, Matthias Spalding, M. D., of Amherst, N. H., Gardner Fletcher, Esq., Christopher Roby, Esq., Alpheus Spalding and William Fletcher. A Prospectus for the Chelmsford Monument v/as issued and signed by John C. Dalton, Willard Parker, J. G. Abbott, Benj. Adams, R. Waldo Emerson, Matthias Spaulding, William Fletcher, Joseph Warren, Otis Adams, Josiah Fletcher, Joel Adams, Samuel F. Wood, Alpheus Spalding, Owen Emerson, Amos Carlton, Gardner Fletcher, and Joseph Manning. By the 10th of August, 954 persons had contributed $1,675, and the contract for the monmnent had been awarded to Loammi Chamberlain, a Chelmsford contractor, who was the lowest bidder. The monument was to be completed by September 15, and to be of Chelmsford granite. The contract price for the monument was $1,373 . 00 For cutting the inscriptions 80 . 50 For plans, drawings, printing, &c 173.88 Sl,627.38 Balance unappropriated 58 . 00 Some incidental expenses were expected to require more than this balance. The whole amount received was $1,788.25. The Association continued to meet annually until 1877, after which occasional meetings were held, the latest being in 1909 to prepare for the observance of the fiftieth anniversary of the dedication of the Monument. In 1875, the Association provided a banner to be carried by the Cheknsford minutemen at the centennial of the Battle of Bunker Hill in Charlestown. In 1893, the Association took charge of the flag and flag-staff on the Common, and in 1894, it was voted that all lineal descend- ants of the original members from this time henceforth forever shall be regarded as bona fide members. Any citizen of Chelmsford may become a member. Mr. J. R. Fletcher was treasurer for 32 years. The present officers are: Joseph E. Warren, president; George O. Spaulding, vice president; G. T. Parkhurst, treasurer; Paul Dutton, secretary; Arthur M. Warren, Ralph Waldo Emer- son, Harry L. Parkhurst, executive committee. In the Adams Library hangs a large poster (framed), which, at the time, informed the public of the approaching "Inauguration of the Chelmsford Montmient," and must have attracted con- siderable attention, as it gave the Order of Exercises with the names of the expected speakers, and announced a dinner, to be 590 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD served in one of Yale's tents on the Common, by a Boston caterer. Tickets to the dinner were sold at one dollar. Otis Adams was chief marshal. A pigeon pot-pie was cooked in a big pot hung over a fire built on the ground back of the Unitarian church, and everybody had a pigeon and a dumpling. The four sides of the monument face the cardinal points of the compass. INSCRIPTIONS ON THE MONUMENT. North Side. Erected 1859 Let the children Guard What the sires have won. South side. In Honor of the Townsmen of Chelmsford who served their Country in the War of the Revolution This monument is erected by a Grateful Posterity East side. Lt. Col. Moses Parker and Capt. Benj. Walker wounded at Bunker Hill June 17, 75 Died Prisoners in Boston July 4 & Augt. 75 Lt. Robt. Spalding Died at Milford Ct. 76 West side John Bates Died in army in Cambridge David Spalding Jr. Died in army at Ticonderoga Pelatiah Adams Killed at Cherry Valley Noah Foster Shot at Capture of Burgoyne Henry Fletcher Killed at White Plains SLAVES, WITCHES 591 The Town appropriated S400 for the celebration at the dedication of the Monument. At the dedication, Dr. Willard Parker of New York made the address. Letters from Ralph Waldo Emerson of Concord, and Benjamin P. Hunt of Philadelphia were read, stating that ill health prevented them from attending. In place of Mr. Emerson, the Hon. J. S. Keyes responded for his fellow townsman, expressing great regret that his friend could not be present. DEDICATION OF MONUMENT. A contemporary report says: Thursday, Sept. 22, 1859, was a great day in this Town, it being celebrated as the 205th anniversary of its settlement, and the day appointed for the dedication of the Monument to the Revolutionary Soldiers. Mr. Beals of Boston had, the evening previous, decorated the neighborhood with a profusion of flags. The morning was stormy, which prevented hundreds from attend- ing. However, it rained but little during the exercises in the meeting house and tent. The procession formed at eleven o'clock at the residence of C. H. Dalton, Esq., which was formerly the home of Col. Simeon Spaulding, who was Colonial Repre- sentative, 1771-1775; Representative to the Provincial Congress, 1775-1778; Chairman, Committee of Safety, 1776; Commissioner to adjust War Act, 1778; Delegate to form New Constitution, 1779. Died, 1785, aged 72. These facts were displa3^ed on a tablet above the door of the house, which was gaily decorated with bunting. The procession moved to the meeting house, where an orchestra of string instruments and a large choir led the people in the singing of "America" as the opening hymn. Hon. H. W. B. Wightman, president of the day, then welcomed the assembled company, making some reference to the history of the Town, and giving Mr. C. H. Dalton the entire credit of the inception and completion of the Monument. A Prayer was made by the Rev. John Parldiurst, chaplain of the day. Ode, written by John C. Dalton, Jr. Mr. Wightman then introduced Dr. Willard Parker of New York. The band played a short piece, and then Hon. Charles R. Train spoke. Letters from Ralph Waldo Emerson, H. P. Hunt and others were read. The Brigade Band filled the intervals with sweet music. Ode, Air: Auld Lang Syne by Mrs. Martha L. Emerson. At the appointed time, the procession formed at the church and marched round the square. When passing the Monument, three hearty cheers were given. At the large tent in the rear of the church, a sumptuous dinner was served, and toasts were given. The tent was decorated with numerous patriotic mottoes. 592 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Gov. Banks and Ex-President Pierce were not present, nor was Judge Abbott. Deacon Otis Adams responded to the toast, "The Ladies," but, contrary to his usual gallantry, he forgot the ladies and gave some traditions relating to the men of the Revolution. S. N. Merrill, Mayor Cook, Thos. P. Parker of Boston, G. S. Curtis, architect, Hon. F. J. Parker of Boston and Hon. Linus Child spoke. The exercises closed about 5.30 P. M. Some time ago. Dr. Edward Waldo Emerson kindly supplied the writer with the following notes (since published with Emerson's Journals) which his father, Ralph Waldo Em.erson, had written, evidently for his intended address at the dedication of the Monu- ment in Chelmsford in 1859. "I know well the town in which they lived; the landscape which they saw. I spent an autimin and winter among these hills and plains. I knew where the chestnut first spread its brown harvest on a frosty morning for the boys; where the apples covered the ground with white fruit. I saw the last fires that burned in the old limekiln. I knew the ripples of the Baptist Pond, and the woods that grew where the com is now ripening. "Plain homely land, sandy fields which the Merrimack washes, but the sun and stars do not disdain to fill it with magnificence in June, and with sublime lights in autumn. And I can easily believe that the soldiers you celebrate deserved your praise. For I had an acquaintance with the young men and young women who grew up here in a poverty I suppose as severe, with manners as hardy and plain; and I know that their feeling was as tender and their intellect as vigorous as that which opens under softer skies, and in city palaces. I read and conversed with friends here, children of the soil, who shov/ed that force of thought, and that sense of right, which are the warp and woof of which greatness is woven; that curiosity for knovi^ledge and that delight in intellec- tual conversation which is the purest joy of Youth, and the beginning of all national greatness. I suppose it is fair to judge the tree by its fruits, the fathers by the children. "These people were original authors of liberty, and not plagiarists, not sentimental nations like the Italians, French, and Hungarians and Germans. These all learned it of our people. Our farmers were all orthodox, Calvinists, mighty in the Scriptures, had learned that life was a preparation, and "probation," to use their word. They read no romances, but with the pulpit, on one hand, and poverty and labour on another, they had a third training in the town meeting. They held the fee of their farms ; no patron, no ground rents, and great proprietaries, but every man owned his acres. "We go to Plutarch and Montaigne for our examples of character, but we might as well go to Pliny and Varro for oaks and firs, which grow as well in our own dooryards and cow-pas- ROBIN S HILL, SHOWING LONE PINE TREE TOWN HALL, CHELMSFORD CENTRE -Vo. ,?.5 SCHOOL HOUSES AND TOWN HALL 'AT RIGHT), NORTH CHELMSFORD SLAVES, WITCHES 593 tures. Life is always rich, and spontaneous graces and forces elevate life in every domestic circle, which are overlooked, whilst we are reading something less excellent in old authors. I think as I go through the streets, each one of these innumerable houses has its own calendar of saints, its unpublished anecdotes of courage, of patience, of wit, cheerfulness, for the best I know were in the most private comers. "Everything draws to its kind and frivolous people will not hear of its noble traits; but let any good example of this secret virtue come accidentally to air, like Florence Nightingale, and you will have parallels in every direction. "From the obscurity and casualty of those examples which I know, I infer the obscurity and casualty of the like balm and consolation and immortality in a thousand homes which I do not know, and all round the world. Let it lie safe in the shade there, from the compliments and praise of foolish society. It is safer so. All it seems to demand is that we know it when we see it. This is no mean reward. If an intelligent and generous witness, passing by, sees our plight and so much as exchanges a searching glance of sympathy, "Well done, brave heart!" it is better than the thunder of theatres, and the world full of newspapers, which only echo each other." The Fiftieth Anniversary of the Dedication of the Monument took place in the Town hall on September 22, 1909, at 2 o'clock. The programme included a band concert ; Selection by the Adams orchestra, and vocal solos by Edward Everett Adams (descendants of Deacon Otis Adams, at whose house the preliminary meeting was held in 1859); Singing by the school children under the direction of Miss Mary B. Raynes; Introductory remarks by the President, Joseph E. Warren; Prayer by Rev. L. L. Greene; Remarks by Josiah Richardson Fletcher, only living member of the original officers; Address by Solon W. Stevens, Esq.; Remarks by invited guests; Singing by audience of Ode written by Mrs. Martha L. Emerson for the Dedicatory Exercises in 1859; and Benediction by Rev. C. H. Ellis. PRINTING IN CHELMSFORD. In 1775, Nathaniel Coverly, during the troubled condition of affairs in Boston, removed from that place to Chelmsford, "and set up his printing press in the south part of the Town. Sundry pamphlets and small works were executed at his press dated 'Chelmsford, New England.' " The Chelmsford Courier, published, from a small one-story building opposite the meeting house in Middlesex Village, by William Baldwin, editor, was, as far as is known, the earliest newspaper, which appeared June 25, 1824. The office having been burned, the name was, next year, changed to the Chelmsford Phoenix, with Rev. Bernard Whitman, the Unitarian minister at 594 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Middlesex, editor, and William Baldwin, proprietor. In Septem- ber, 1825, E. M. Reinhart became the publisher, and the next year, J. S. C. Knowlton purchased it and changed the name to the Merrimack Journal. It was supposed that the new Town would be called Merrimack, but when it was named Lowell, the paper became the Lowell Journal. The Ladies' Literary Friend appeared in East Chelmsford, March 23, 1825. There was a paper called the Globe, published at the General Printing Office, East Chelmsford, by J. H. White, which appeared June 24, 1825, but was printed in Boston, or, possibly, in East Chelmsford. In September of the above year, the Phoenix office was removed to East Chelmsford and occupied the place of the Globe Printing Office. The Monthly Quarto appeared at North Chelmsford in 1876, published by Merrill and Sargent. One number only was issued. Rev. L. J. Merrill was pastor of the Second Congregational Society. Mr. Sargent was bookkeeper for Silver and Gay, machinists, for forty years. The Chelmsjord Eagle has been published occasionally by the Village Improvement Association: January 1, 1876, December 12, 1877, and December 15, 1883. These three nimibers were edited, Vol. I, by H. S. Perham, E. Fitz Gerald, and B. F. Cooley; Vol. II, by H. S. Perham and E. H. Warren; Vol. Ill, by H. S. Perham. VILLAGE CLOCK. A Company or Association was formed January 27, 1877, with Moses C. Wilson, president, E. K. Parkhurst, vice president, Henry S. Perham, secretary, and Joseph Reed, treasurer. Report of the Treasurer of the Village Clock Company. Bills Paid Howard & Co. for the Clock $275.00 Green and Hagerman 145 . 02 Mrs. Robinson, for Board 4 . 00 Cole and Nichols, for weight 20 . 74 Fiske and Spalding's bill 3.13 E. K. Parkhurst, for freight 3.30 N. P. Dadmun's bill 11.97 i.l6 Amount of money received from all sources $463 . 61 Balance in the hands of the Treasurer .55 Chelmsford, Dec. 24, 1877. Joseph Reed, Treasurer. Received since the above was made .50 The clock was purchased with money subscribed for that purpose, the amounts ranging from $1 to $25. SLAVES, WITCHES 595 Until 1892, the care of the clock was paid for by subscription. Since then the Town has made an appropriation for that purpose. The last officers elected were J. Adams Bartlett, president, Joseph E. Warren, vice president, Harry L. Parkhurst, secretary and treasurer. WATERING TROUGHS. In Central Square at Chelmsford are two good-sized granite troughs. That on the upper side of the square bears this inscrip- tion: Presented by N. M. Fletcher 1880 That at the lower side of the square is inscribed thus: A Gift from L. A. Young Aug. 19, 1891. The granite troughs at South Chelmsford and West Chelms- ford were placed by the Town in 1900. At the North Village, the granite trough was placed by the Town in 1903. In the "square" at the North Village is an old cannon which was, according to tradition, purchased by subscription, before the Civil War, 1861-5, and was used on the Fourth of July and other patriotic days. THE FIRST LUCIFER MATCHES MADE IN AMERICA. Many of the old contrivances for warmth, comfort and convenience have not been mentioned here — the tin or sheet iron foot-stove, filled with hot coals, and the warming pan, a long- handled, covered pan, in which live coals were put, and run in between the sheets, to warm the beds in freezing cold rooms. We rarely see the pot hooks and trammels which held the kettles hanging from the crane in the fireplace; the wooden door latch with leathern latch-string; the knocker; the iron fire front and Franklin stove, which were like a metal fireplace standing out in the room, superseding the old fireplace and saving much heat (see a fine example in the Bowers house) ; these things, and many more, were familiar a century ago. The chimney-sweep flourished until 1830 or later. When hard coal was brought into use, the soot did not accumulate in the chimneys as it did when wood was burned, and chimneys were made much smaller, so that a sweep could not find his way up and down the chimney, as formerly. "If you from fire secure would be, then have your chimney swept by me," is the old advertisement. 596 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD The Indians obtained fire by rubbing two sticks together until the friction caused them to ignite. The early white inhabit- ants used tinder boxes of metal in which punk or charred linen was ignited by a spark from steel striking on flint. Sometimes they would be obliged to borrow live coals from a neighbor's hearth. Between the tinder-box and the friction match, several inventions came into use. An article in the "Chelmsford Eagle," 1883, probably by H. S. P., says: One of these was the "instantaneous-light box," which consisted of a small tin box containing a bottle, in which was placed some sulphuric acid, with sufficient fibrous asbestos to soak it up and prevent its spilling out of the bottle, and a supply of properly prepared matches. These consisted of small splints of wood, about two inches long, one end of which was coated with a chemical mixture prepared by mixing chlorate of potash, six parts; powdered loaf sugar, two parts; powdered gimi arable, one part; the whole colored with a little vermilion and made into a thin paste with water. The splints were first dipped into melted sulphur and afterwards into the prepared paste. They were readily inflamed by dipping the prepared ends into sulphuric acid. There were several disadvantages in this invention, especially those arising from the use of so destructive a material as sulphuric acid, which also had another drawback — its great power of absorb- ing moisture soon rendered it inert by the absorption of moisture from the atmosphere. The Lucifer match, which succeeded the above, was an English invention. This match was of small strips of wood, and the inflammable mixture was a compound of chlorate of potash and sulphurate of antimony, with enough of powdered gum to render it adhesive when mixed with water and applied over the end of the match, dipped in melted brimstone. These matches were ignited by drawing them through a piece of bent sandpaper. The first Lucifer matches that were made in this country were manufactured at South Chelmsford, in 1835, by Ezekiel Byam, the founder of the house of Byam, Carlton & Co., of Boston, of which his son, E. G. Byam, was afterwards at the head. These matches were put up in packages containing one hundred, which sold for twenty-five cents a package. Althotigh this was a great improvement over anything that had preceded it, the expense was too great to bring it rapidly into favor. Very soon, however, this difficulty was overcome by the invention of the present friction match. This was patented by A. D. Phillips, of Springfield, Mass., October 24, 1836. Mr. Byam at once saw the importance of this invention, and, with characteristic enterprise, he purchased, first, the right to manu- facture, and soon after the whole patent, and in 1837, introduced the friction match to the public. The old "match shop," as it was called, stood on the old road leading from South Chelmsford to SLAVES, WITCHES 697 the Centre, a few rods from the house of Mr. Eli P. Parker, on the opposite side. It was a .small building, set into the bank, with one story above the basement. The matches were put up at the Willard Byam house, which stood just beyond the shop on the site of the residence of Mr. E. P. Bean. After manufacturing here about a year, Mr. Byam removed to Boston, at the comer of Union and Blackstone streets. He returned, however, to Chelmsford about the year 1845, and con- tinued till the spring of 1848, when the business, having outgrown his accommodations, was transferred permanently to Boston. Most of the old match shop was demolished years ago, but a portion of it was removed to the premises of Mr. N. B. Lapham, and used as a carriage house. The place in South Chelmsford where the matches were made was called Brimstone Comer. These verses went with the matches all over the country: "For quickness and sureness the public will find, These matches will leave all others behind; Without further remarks we invite you to try 'em, Remember all good that are signed by E. BYAM." Ezekiel Byam was bom in Chelmsford, October 24, 1796, the son of William and Rebecca. February 15, 1818, he married Charlotte Bateman. He died at the home of his daughter, Mrs. O. B. Dudley, in Bunker Hill street, Charlestown, August 9, 1863, and was buried in Forefathers' Cemetery, Chelmsford. NORTH CHELMSFORD FIRE DISTRICT. The first annual report of the North Chelmsford Fire District, in 1907, states that when Shaw's store with the church under which it was located was destroyed by fire in the year 1893, Dr. N. B. Edwards rode his horse bareback to Lowell, and secured the services of the Lowell Fire Department. About three years later, through the influence of George C. Moore and others, some water pipe was laid in the village, and water and power were supplied through the kindness of George C. Moore, and later, of the Moore Spinning Company. A few residences had water piped from the Mill, but it was not fit for drinking. An attempt was made to have water supplied from Lowell, but came to nothing. In 1906, the Legislature passed an Act allowing North Chelmsford to take water from Lowell or build its own system. A fire district was established, and George C. Moore, F. E. Vamey, M. D., James P. Dunigan, John E. Hogan and Royal S. Ripley were chosen a committee to select a site for water supply. Ten 2|-inch wells, from 25 to 30 feet deep, were driven near the shore of Newficld Pond, and a standpipe and pumping station 598 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD were erected. The standpipe is 22 feet in diameter and 125 feet high, with a total capacity of about 354,000 gallons, giving a water pressure of about 75 pounds. Bonds for $50,000 were issued, and sold for $1,013.25 premium. The whole amount issued is $80,000, $10,000 of which have been paid. From June, 1914 to May, 1915, inclusive, the total amount of water pumped was 17,877,940 gallons: daily average, 48,980 gallons. The area of the district is about 339 acres. The valuation of the district in 1906 was $1,379,475.00. The present commissioners are, C. Frank Butterfield, James F. Leahey and David Billson. THE CHELMSFORD WATER DISTRICT. In Chelmsford Centre, the agitation for a water system began some time prior to the establishment of such a system in 1913. In 1911, the Town appointed Arthur M. Warren, George M. Wright and Edwin R. Clark to investigate the matter. A fire district was favored by some, and Charles E. Bartlett, C. George Armstrong, Herbert E. Ellis, Josiah E. Marshall, and William B. Northrop were appointed to make further investigation. The same committee, with the substitution of Harry L. Parkhurst and Edwin R. Clark in the place of the last two, was to take immediate steps towards establishing a water district. This was done by an Act of the Legislature in 1913, which was accepted by the voters of the district. Bonds for $60,000 were issued, and sold for $1 ,972.88 premium. There was a later issue of $10,000. The completed plant cost under $70,000. Sixteen wells were driven, and a pumping station was built at the foot of Warren avenue, on River Meadow brook, and a covered circular reservoir of reinforced concrete, twenty feet in height, was constructed on the side of Robin's hill, 217 feet above the pimiping station. Its capacity is about 225,000 gallons. The floor is practically solid rock. The pumps will fill the reservoir in five or six hours. The water pressure in Central square is over 90 pounds. The average daily consumption varies at different seasons, being from 21,000 to 40,000 gallons. The present commissioners are: C. G. Armstrong, Winthrop A. Parkhurst, and Edwin R. Clark. The total cost of the land, about twenty acres, purchased by the district, including surveying, grading, fencing, setting bounds, and so forth, was only $1,572.46, the owners, Darius C. Edwards, George P. Mansfield, E. C. Wright and the estate of Edwin H. Warren, selling at a price much below the assessed value. Justin L. Moore gave the right to lay the main under his land. The successful completion of this water system is due largely to the skill and efficiency of George F. Bowers, the engineer. The area of the district is about 1,452 acres. The valuation of the district is $995,605.00. SLAVES, WITCHES 599 THE TOWN FARM. The care of the poor has received mention on page 61. Paupers were formerly put out to the lowest bidder to be cared for. 1796. The Town voted to allow Deacon Aaron Chamberlain the sum of four dollars for his bidding off the widow at the Vendue and his trouble in going after her. March 6, 1732/3, the Town voted "to build a dwelling house for the poor," but, apparently, the project was allowed to drop. In 1733, Nathaniel Harwood was overseer of the poor, and received £4 for their support. The Town repeatedly thereafter refused to choose overseers of the poor. According to the Town records, a farm of 120 acres with house and bam was bought of Salathiel Adams in 1823, and constituted as a workhouse, where the poor of the Town should be employed. The price paid was S2,950. The sum of $530.72 was required for repairs. The Town, as was common in those days, borrowed of its citizens, $3,500. The names and amounts were these: Abraham Prescott, $1,500; Abbott and Fletcher, $600; John Butterfield, $426; Henry Adams, $300; Samuel Davis, $274; Zebulon Spaulding, $200; Oliver Parkhurst, $100; Moses Parker, $100. This house stood on the north side of the Mill road near where the Turnpike crosses it. It was burned in 1871, and for some months the inmates were kept in a house on the opposite side of the road and owned by Benj. F. Hodges. In 1872, the present property was bought by the Town, and became known as the Town Farm or Almshouse. The price paid was $4,750. The deed, signed by Emeline Rockwood, calls for 30 acres with the house, and 14 acres on the south side of the East Chelmsford road. The latter parcel was used for Pine Ridge cemetery. All originally belonged to the Manning estate. The house was the Manning tavern mentioned on page 397. The usual nimiber of inmates is from ten to twelve. There are today 21 acres in the present farm. The Town also owns 34 acres of wood land reserved from the old farm. Waldo Hannaford is the Superintendent, 1915. MIDDLESEX COUNTY TRAINING SCHOOL. This institution, belonging to the County and not to the Town, was established in 1894 as the Middlesex County Truant School, where truants and boys guilty of minor offenses are sent for reformation. M. A. Warren was Superintendent until 1910. In 1908, the name was changed, substituting the word Training for Truant. It is situated near the North Village, and has six substantial and well-equipped buildings. See Map 11. The inmates number from 100 to 120. Rufus E. Corlew is the present Superintendent. The property is valued at $250,000. CHAPTER XII. TOWN MEETING. TAXES. POPULATION. VALUATION. FINANCIAL MATTERS. AN account of the first Town Meeting will be found on page 12, and of the second, on the following page. At the latter, the first Monday in March was made the day for the Annual Meeting. In 1699 the first Tuesday in March was made the day for choosing Town officers. The day was changed in 1877 to the third Monday in March. In 1915, the first Monday in February became the day for Town Meeting. The chief Town officers are chosen by ballot, the "under officers," as far back as 1736, were chosen "by nomination and hand vote"; now viva voce. In the early days three men were chosen to end all small causes under 40 shillings. In 1685 and some years later a com- mittee was chosen "to give the selectmen instructions according to law." The instructions were to be given in writing to "fit men' chosen to order the planting and prudential affairs of the Town." The number of these selectmen was not to exceed nine "In every Town within this Jurisdiction, there shall henceforth be a Gierke of the Writts, nominated by each Town, and allowed by each Shire Court; to grant Summons and Attachments in all Civil Actions," &c. [Laws and Liberties, 1641.] When State officers or other such officials had been voted for, the meeting was called to order to transact Town business, or, as the expression was: Then was the meeting regulated. In 1742 the Town voted that "the selectmen and such other Town officers as has been usual to have a super on the Town's cost on the evenings of Annual Town Meetings heretofore, be allowed no more supers for the future on the Town's cost." In 1791, there were nine Town Meetings. From March, 1794 to March, 1795, there were ten Town Meetings. In 1871, the sale of intoxicating liquors was authorized, also in 1876-8-9 and 1884. In 1880, it was voted to request the selectmen not to issue liquor licenses. In 1915, the vote on license was: Yes, 91; No, 358. It was formerly the custom to have prayers at the opening of Town Meeting. In 1827, "Prayers were performed" in Town Meeting by Rev. John Parkhurst. TOWN MEETING, TAXES, POPULATION 601 In 1828, "Prayers were offered" by Rev. Wilkes Allen. As a rule, the proceedings are quietly and decorously con- ducted. On rare occasions, a heated controversy breaks the monotony. In 1829, at the close of the meeting, it was voted to dispense with the reading of the riot act, and the meeting was then dis- missed. Town Meeting was commonly held in the meeting house. In 1842, the basement of the meeting house was built by the Town, and meetings were held there. Sometimes, for lack of room, the voters were obliged to go out on the Common to be polled. See "Traditions," p. 455. In 1820, it was voted that there shall not be any Town business done hereafter in the meeting house in the middle of the Town by candle light. In 1852, it was voted to build a Town House in North Chelmsford, "not to exceed the cost of the present town house." The next year the thanks of the Town were tendered to Hon. Benj. Adams and Thos. J. Adams, Esq., for "their liberal, free and generous gift" of land for the building. Williams, Bird & Co. gave $100 towards the cost of the house, which was $1,847.66. In 1853, the November Town Meeting and election were held at the North Village, as was also the annual March meeting the next year. The annual meetings were held alternately at the Centre and North villages for a number of years. In 1871, it was agreed that all intermediate or special meetings be held alternately at the Centre and North. In 1873, the Town voted not to build a Town House at West Chelmsford, and hold a portion of the Town Meetings there. Also not to build a Town House in the Centre Village to cost not more than $10,000. Similar propositions were voted down in subsequent years. In 1879, it was voted to build a Town Hall in the Centre Village at a cost not to exceed $7,000. The next year the sum of $1,000 was appropriated to furnish it. In 1881, the Moderator, Edwin H. Warren, received a vote of thanks for the very satisfactory manner in which he performed the duties of the office. In 1885, the Town voted that all future Town Meetings for Town business should be held in the Town Hall at the Centre of the Town. In 1887, the Town was divided into three voting precincts. There are now four. 1894. In Town Meeting the voters expressed their cordial recognition of the strict integrity, conscientious fidelity and unfailing courtesy which have characterized the long term of office of Town Treasurer, E. H. Warren, with earnest wishes for his restoration to health. In 1903, the Australian ballot was adopted. 602 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD 1904. The Town adopted the following Resolution in regard to the death of George A. Parkhurst, Town Clerk for 33 years. Resolved, That in his death the Town recognizes the loss of a valued public servant whose duties during this long period have been executed with marked ability and fidelity. And we, the voters of Chelmsford, desire further to place on record our tribute to the personal worth of the deceased as a highminded, modest, patriotic and public-spirited citizen. A committee was appointed to report on the public observance of the 250th Anniversary of the Incorporation of the Town. Mr. H. S. Perham was asked to prepare a history of the Town. 1914. In accordance with an Act of the General Court, the Town's financial year closed on December 31. Hereafter, Town Meeting, instead of being held on the fourth Monday in March, is to be held on the first Monday in February, of each year. 1915. Town Meeting held on the first Monday in February, as provided by State law, instead of the foiu'th Monday in March, as had been the custom. By a unanimous rising vote, the Annual Town Meeting expressed its thanks and appreciation to J. Adams Bartlett, who for thirty years had, as Moderator, shown his unfailing ability, discrimination and justice with a ready wit which often brought harmony out of discord. OFFICERS OF THE TOWN OF CHELMSFORD, 1915. Town Clerk EDWARD J. ROBBINS Selectmen and Overseers oj the Poor D. FRANK SMALL (term expires 1918) KARL M. PERHAM (term expires 1917) A. HEADY PARK (term expires 1916) Assessors JAMES P. DUNIGAN (term expires 1918) FRED L. FLETCHER (term expires 1917) HERBERT C. SWEETSER (term expires 1916) Town Treasurer and Collector oj Taxes ERVING W. SWEETSER Auditors WINTHROP A. PARKHURST PRESTON L. PIGGOTT HARLAN E. KNOWLTON TOWN MEETING, TAXES, POPULATION 603 Constable HERBERT H. RICHARDSON School Committee WILLIAM H. HALL (term expires 1918) CELIA B. PARK (term expires 1917) CHARLES H. CROWELL (term expires 1916) Trustees of Adams Library Albert H. Davis A. Heady Park (Term expires 1918) Frances Clark Wilson Waters (Term expires 1917) Edwin R. Clark Otis P. Wheeler (Term expires 1916) Tree Warden and Superintendent of Moth Work Minot A. Bean Sinking Fvmd Commissioners William H. Shedd (term expires 1918) William J. Quigley (term expires 1917) Walter Perham (tenn expires 1916) Cemetery Commissioners Charles F. Scribner (term expires 1918) Charles A. Holt (term expires 1917) James S. Byam (term expires 1916) Park Commissioners Fred L. Fletcher (term expires 1918) Patrick S. Ward (term expires 1917) Arthur M. Warren (term expires 1916) Fence Viewers James P. Daley George P. Mansfield Leonard Spaulding Appraisers of Personal Property at Town Farm Emile E. Paignon, Jr. Walter Perham Pliny C. Bliss Weighers of Hay S. Waldo Parkhurst Myron A. Queen Paul Dutton Frank E. Bickford Henry H. Emerson John B. Emerson 604 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Measurers of Wood S. Waldo Parkhurst Paul Button Alvin H. Fletcher Daniel A. Reardon Frank E. Bickford Myron A. Queen John Marinel, Jr. Melvin Walker Francis O. Button Jay B. Pliunmer Surveyors oj Lumber R. Wilson Bix Stewart Mackay George E. Spaulding E. Hamlin Russell Myron A. Queen Melvin Walker Herbert C. Sweetser Alvin H. Fletcher Jay B. Plummer Francis O. Button Field Drivers R. Wilson Bix Thomas Murphy E. Hamlin Russell Committee on Appropriations Karl M. Perham John J. Monahan B. Frank Small A. Heady Park William H. Shedd APPOINTED BY THE SELECTMEN. Weighers oj Coal S. Waldo Parkhurst John B. Emerson Paul Button James P. Bunigan Frank E. Bickford Clarence Leavitt Superintendents oj Burials Walter Perham George F. Cutler Fred W. Edwards Superintendent oj Burial oj Indigent Soldiers and Sailors Walter Perham Agents oj the Board oj Health Arthur G. Scoboria (Precincts 1 and 4) Fred E. Vamey (Precincts 2 and 3) Registrars oj Voters Patrick H. Haley (term expires 1918) George H. Ripley (term expires 1917) John F. McManomin (term expires 1916) Edward J. Robbins, clerk, ex-officio TOWN MEETING, TAXES, POPULATION Sealer of Weights and Measures Curtis A. Aiken 605 Superintendent of Town Farm Waldo Hannaford Superintendent of Moth Work Minot A. Bean Forest Warden Arnold C. Perham Deputy Fire Warden Walter S. Holder Highway Surveyor David Higgins James S. Byam Janitors of Public Buildings Albert E. Jenny Patrick S. Ward Inspector of Meats and Provisions Arnold C. Perham George C. Moore Thomas Brown James J. Hackett Frank C. Byam Patrick S. Ward John Marin el, Jr. W^m. E. Belleville James F. Leahey James Long James Peck Special Police Officers Albert E. Jenny Thomas Jones James Buchanan James S. Byam Henry Staveley George Small Charles Grantz Owen Scollan Waldo Hannaford Frank G. Foote Curtis A. Aiken James R. Gookin John J. Quessy Fred I. Vinal Weighers of Merchandise James J. Hackett Clarence Leavitt Emma L. Parkhurst William Brown Game Wardens Charles F. House 606 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD SOME OLD WARRANTS AND LICENSES. Before the Revolution, warrants for Town Meetings were issued in the King's name to the constables of the Town. Thus, in 1776 there were, as for many years, two constables, one in the south end and the other in the north end, in this year, Amos Kidder and Thomas Marshall, each of whom received a copy of this warrant : Middlesex. SS. To Amos Kidder one of the Constables of the Town of Chelms- ford in the County of Middlesex. In his Majesties name you are hereby required forthwith to warn all the freeholders and other Inhabitants of sd. Town in your ward qualified by law to vote in Town affairs, to assemble at the meeting house in Chelmsford aforesd, on Monday the fourth day of March next at eight of the clock in the forenoon, then and there to make choice of all Town officers as the Law directs to serve the said Town the year ensuing. 21y. To Grant such sum or sirms of money as shall be thought needful for the support of the Gospel ministry, and to defray all other needful Town charges in said Town the year ensuing. Sly. To agree and vote in what part or parts of the said Town the grammar school or other schools shall be kept the year ensuing The fourth Article relates to repairing highways. The fifth to providing firewood for the Rev. Mr. Bridge. The sixth to see whether the Town will vote that swine shall go at large. The seventh relates to the County tax. The eighth. At the desire of Deacon Ebenezer Goold and Capt. Zachariah Richardson and others to see if the Town will make choice of "Queresters and come in to some regulation respecting singing in the Congregation." The ninth. At the desire of Mr. Josiah Parkhurst, to see if the Town will exempt those persons which call themselves ana- baptists from paying the Minister rate Hereof fail not and make return, Dated at Chelmsford aforesaid the nineteenth day of February in the seventeenth year of his Majesties Reign, anno Domini, 1776. By order of the selectmen of said Chelmsford. David Spaulding, Town Clerk. TOWN OFFICERS CHOSEN MARCH 6, 1775, AT THE ANNUAL MEETING. Moderator, Selectmen, Clerk, Assessors (the Selectmen), Overseers of the Poor (the Selectmen), Treasurer, Constables, Wardens or Wardeners, Tythingmen, Surveyors of Highways, TOWN MEETING, TAXES, POPULATION 607 Fence Viewers, Field Drivers, Surveyors of Board and Timber, Deer Reeves, Hog Reeves, Sealer of Leather, two men to prevent the destruction of Fish, Sealer of Weights and Measures. In 1737, a surveyor of hemp and flax was chosen. In 1793, inspectors of bread were chosen. [See p. 409.] At the Annual Town Meeting March 4, 1776 The Town voted for a grand juryman and a County Treasurer and Registrar. Then the meeting was regulated. Chose a Moderator, a Com- mittee of Correspondence, five Selectmen, Town Clerk, Assessors (the Selectmen), Overseers of the Poor (the Selectmen), Town Treasurer, two Constables. The remaining part of the business (the choosing of under- ofhcers) was by nomination and hand vote: Wardeners, Tything- men. Surveyors of Highways, Fence Viewers, Field Drivers, Surveyors of Boards and Timber, Deer Reeves, Hog Reeves, Sealer of Leather, two men for preventing the destruction of Fish in the Merrimack and Concord Rivers, Sealer of Weights and Measures. July 3 chose Representative to the General Court. 1776, May 13, the names of two men were drawn out of the box for Petty jurymen at the Superior Court. A Representative and a County Registrar were voted for. Warrant issued to William Fletcher: 5th year of the Reign of our Sovereign Lord George the Second, of Gt. Breton, King Province of the | Royal Arms Massachusetts — j Bay S.S. Jeremiah Allen Esq. Treasurer and Receiver General of his Majesties said Province. To Mr. Wm Fletcher Constable or Collector of Taxes of Chelms- ford Greeting: &c By Virtue of an Act of the Great & General Court or Assembly of the said Province, Begun & Held at Boston, upon Wednesday the Twenty-Sixth Day of May 1731. In the Fourth & Fifth Year of His Majesties Reign, Intitled, An Act for Apportioning and Assessing a Tax of Six Thousand Eight Hundred & Eighteen Pounds, and for Assessing a Tax of Twenty Pounds laid on the Town of Weston, for not sending a Representative; And also for Apportioning and Assessing one other Tax of Four Thousand One Hundred & Nine Pounds Six Shillings paid the Representatives for the Year 1730, 31. And a further Tax of One Thousand Pounds Emitted «& Appropriated for the Payment of His Majesty's Council, in this present Year 1730, 31. 608 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD These are in His Majesties Name to Will & Require you to Collect all and every the Sums of Money mentioned in the List or Lists of the said Tax or Assessment of your Town, made by the Assessors or Select men of the Said Town, and Committed to you to Collect; Amounting in the whole to the Sum of fourty- five pounds eight shillings & two pence. In manner following: That is to say, Of each Persn the whole of his Proportion set down in the Said List or Lists, before the Last Day of March next, so that you duely pay in the Siim Total of the said Lists unto & make up and issue your accompt of the whole thereof with Myself, His Majesty's Treasurer, &c And in Case Any Person or Persons shall refuse or neglect to pay the several Simi or Sums of Money, whereat he or they are set in the Said Assessment and are to pay towards the same, upon demand made: It shall & may be lawful for you and you are hereby Authorized & Required for Non-payment to distrein the Person or Persons for refusing or neglecting by his or their goods or Chattels & the Distress or Distresses so taken, to keep by the space of four days, at the cost and charges of the owner thereof, & if the said owner do not pay the Simi or Simis of Money so assessed upon him within the said four days, then the said Distress or Distresses to be forthwith openly Sold At an Out-cry by you, for payment of the said money For want of such distress to commit the Party to the Common Gaol. The collection or gathering up of Town taxes or rates was made by the Constables who received an order like this: Chelmsford, March 25, 1772. To Mr John Robbins, one of the Constables of the Town of Chelmsford, you are hereby ordered to pay in to Mr. David Parker, Treasurer for the said Town of Chelmsford the Town Rate which you shall levy and collect, by virtue of this List and Warrant as followeth, viz. The sum of fifty five pounds, on or before the twentieth day of May next. And the further siim of fifty nine pounds, six shillings and eleven pence and one farthing, on or before the thirtieth day of December next. By order of the Assessors of said Chelmsford. David Spaulding, Town Clerk. Chelmsford, April 17, 1772 At a meeting of the selectmen it was ordered that Mr David Parker, Town Treasurer should receive the Town Tax or Rate made this present year which is committed to the Constables of Sd Town to collect "the captain bill FLETCHER HOUSE," CHELMSFORD CENTRE .\'o. S'' THE SPAULDING-HAZEN HOUSE, CHELMSFORD CENTRE TOWN MEETING, TAXES, POPULATION 609 The Constable for the north end of the Town in 1772 was Samuel Howard. He and John Robbins received copies of the following : Middlesex, SS. To Samuel Howard, one of the Constables of the Town of Chelmsford in the County of Middlesex Greeting — — ' — - \ In his Majesties name you are hereby required to levy SEAL j-and collect of the several persons named in the list ..^v^^ J herewith committed unto you each one his respective proportion therein set down of the sum total of such list, being part of a tax or assessment agreed upon and granted by the Inhabitants of said Town of Chelmsford regularly assembled the second day of March, Anno Domini, 1772, for defraying the necessary charges arising within the said Town the present year, and deliver and pay in the sum and simis you shall so levy and collect unto Mr David Parker, Treasurer of the said Town, and to compleat and make up an account of your collections of the whole sum at or before the thirtieth day of December next. And if any person or persons shall neglect or refuse to make payment of the sum or sums whereat he or they are respectively assessed in said list, you are to distrain the goods or chattels of such person or persons to the value thereof and the distress or distresses so taken to keep by the space of four days at the cost and charge of the owner; and if the owner do not pay the sum or sums of money so assessed upon him or them within the said four days, the said distress or distresses so taken you are to expose and openly sell at an outcry for payment of the said money and the charges, notice of such sale being posted up in some public place within the same town twenty four hours before hand. And the overplus coming by said sale (if any be) besides the sum or sums of the assessment and the charges of taking and keeping of the distress or distresses to be immediately restored to the owner. And for want of goods or Chattels whereon to make distress you are to seize the body or bodies of the person or persons so refusing, and him or them to commit unto the common gaol of the same county, there to remain until he or they pay and satisfie the several sum or sums whereat they are respectively assessed as afore sd. unless upon application made to the Court of General Sessions of the Peace the same or any part thereof shall be abated. Dated at Chelmsford the twenty fifth day of March in the twelfth year of his Majesties Reign, Anno Domini 1772. David Spaulding Oliver Barron Joseph Warren Zebulon Spaulding John Minot Assessors for Chelmsford 610 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Warrant issued to John Minot: The Honorable Harrison Gray, Esq; Treasurer and Receiver-General for His Majesty's said Province. To John Minot Constable and Collector of Chelmsford Greeting, Etc. Where As the Great and General Assembly of this Province did in their Session in October, One Thousand Seven Hundred and Seventy, grant unto His Most Excellent Majesty a Tax of Twenty-seven Thousand three Hundred Pounds, to be levied on Polls and Estates both real and personal within this Province: And Where As the Great and General Court or Assembly at their Session in May, One Thousand Seven Hundred and Seventy-one, did not agree to levy and apportion a Tax of Twenty-seven Thousand three Hundred Pounds, which by the Act aforesaid they were impowered to do; And Where As in Obedience to the Act aforesaid made and passed in October, One Thousand Seven Hundred and Seventy, I issued out my Warrants directed to the Selectmen or Assessors of the several Towns and Districts within this Province, to assess the Sums laid upon them respectively as their Proportion of the said Stmi of Twenty-seven Thousand three Hundred Pounds. These are in His Majesty's Name to will and require you to collect all and every the Sums of Money mentioned in the List or Lists of the Tax of Assessment of your Town, District, Parish or other Place, made by the Assessors or Selectmen of the said Town, District, Parish or other Place, and committed to you to collect: Amounting in the Whole to the Simi of Fifty two pounds five shillings three pence. In Manner following: That is to say, To collect the whole of each respective Sum assessed on each particular Person, set down in the said List or Lists, so that you duly pay in the Sum- Total of the said List or Lists unto, and make up and issue your Accompt of the Whole thereof with Myself, His Majesty's Treasurer and Receiver-General of His Revenue within this Province, my Deputy or Deputies, or Successors in the said Office, at or before the Thirtieth Day of April next, which will be in the Year of our Lord One thousand seven hundred and seventy two. And in Case any Person or Persons shall refuse or neglect to pay the several Sum or Siims, whereat he or they are set at in the said Assessment, and are to pay the same upon demand made, it shall and may be lawful for you, and you are hereby authorised and required for Non-payment, to destrein the Person or Persons for refusing or neglecting, by his or their Goods or Chatties: and the Distress or Distresses so taken, to keep for the Space of Four Days, at the Cost and Charges of the Owner thereof; and if the Owner does not pay the Stun or Sums of Money so assessed upon him, within the said Four Days, then TOWN MEETING, TAXES, POPULATION 611 the said Distress or Distresses to be forthwith sold at an Outcry, by you for the Payment of the said Money, Notice of such vSale being posted up in some pubhc Place in the same Town, District, Parish or other Place, Twenty-four Hours before-hand; and the Overplus coming by the said Sale (if any there be) over and above the Charges of taking and keeping the Distress or Distresses to be immediately restored to the Owner. And if any Person or Persons assessed as aforesaid, shall refuse or neglect to pay the Srmi or Sums so assessed, by the Space of Twelve Days after Demand thereof, where no sufficient Distress can or may be found, whereby the same may be levied; in every such Case, you are to apply yourself unto Two or more of the Assessors within your Town, District, Parish or other Place, for Warrant to commit such Person or Persons to the common gaol, as the Law directs. And where any Person or Persons shall remove from your Town, not having first paid the respective Siims or Proportion set upon him or them in said Tax or Assessment, you are hereby authorised and impowered to demand the Sum or Stmis assessed upon such Person or Persons, in what Town or Place soever he or they may be found within this Province; and upon Refusal or Neglect to pay the same, to destrein the said Person or Persons, by his or their Goods and Chatties, as aforesaid; and for want of such Distress to commit the Party to the common Gaol, there to remain until Payment be made of the Sum or Sums so set upon him, with all Charges arising by reason of such commitment. And hereof you are not to fail, upon the Pains and Penalties as may in such Cases by lav/ be inflicted on you. Given under my Hand and Seal at Boston, the Thirty-first Day of December, 1771, in the Twelfth Year of the Reign of our Sovereign Lord George the Third, of Great Britain, Etc. King. H. Gray. i^-As there will be a necessity for the above Money to be in the Treasury by the 30th. of April, to enable me to dis- charge the Government's Securities, that will about that Time become due: You are therefore ordered strictly to obey this Warrant. [In the possession of Mrs. J. E. Warren.] CORNELIUS Waldo's license. December 16, 1685, Mr. Weld was ordained minister at Dunstable, and a church was formed of seven male members, of whom Cornelius Waldo was one, and John Blanchard and Cornelius Waldo were chosen the first deacons, showing that at that time he was residing at Dunstable; yet December 14, 1686, "Cornelius Waldo, Senr of Chelmsford," was associated with 49 others in the purchase of land at Wamesit of Jonathan Tyng, and in 1690 he was keeping a tavern at Chelmsford, and received a 612 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD license for the same and to sell liquors therein. The original bond for this license is on file in the Probate Office of Middlesex County, and reads as follows: "Memorandum That on ye ninth Day of May in ye year of our Lord sixteen hundred and ninety And in ye second year of ye Reign of our Sovereign Lord and Lady William & Mary by the grace of God of England Scotland ffrance and Ireland King & Queen Defenders of ye ffaith &c Before the County Court at Charlestowne by Adjournment from Cambridge 16 April last past Cornelius Waldo senr of Chelmsford in ye County aforesaid became bound in ye sum of twenty pounds Current money of New England which he doth acknowledge himself to ow and stand justly indebited to our Sovereign Lord and Lady King William & Queen Mary, theire heirs and successors to be Levied on his goods and Chattels Lands and Tenements "The Condition of this Recognizance is such, that whereas ye said Cornelius Waldo above bound is admitted and allowed by ye said County Court to keep a Common Publick house of Enter- tainment and to use Common Selling of wine Ale Beer Syder Brandy Rum and other Liquors for the year ensuing in ye Now Dwelling house of said Cornelius Waldo "If therefore ye Cornelius Waldo during ye time aforesaid shall not permit suffer or have any playing at Cards Dice Tables Bowls Ninepins Billiards or any other unlawful game or games in his said house, yard or Garden or backside nor shall suffer to be or remain in his house any prson or prsons not being of his own familie upon Satturday nights after it is Dark, or on ye Sabbath dais, or in ye time thereon, of Gods Publick worship, nor shall entertain as Lodgers in his house any strangers Men or Women above the space of forty and eight hours, but such whose names and Sir names he shall deliver to some one of the Selectmen or Constables of the Town unless they be such as he very well knoweth and will answer for his or their forth Coming, Nor shall sell any wine or Liquors, in any manner or way whsoever to any Indians or Negroes, Nor suffer any Children or Servants or any other prson to remain in his house Tipling or Drinking after nine of ye clock in ye night time nor shall buy or take to pawn any stolen goods, nor willingly or unknowingly harbour in his house barn stable or other where, any Rogues, vagabonds Thcives sturdy beggars masterless men or women or other notorious offenders whatsoever, nor shall suffer any prson or prsons what- soever to sell or utter any wine Beer Ale Syder Rum Brandy or other Liquors, by Deputation or by Colour of his License, nor shall entertain any prson or prsons of whom he shall be pro- hibited by Law, or any one of ye magistrates of ye County afore- said, or prsons of an low Conversation, and given to Tipling, and shall also keep the lead Assize and measure in his Potts, Broad and otherwise in uttering of any wine Beer Ale Syder Brandy Rum or other Liquors, and ye Same Sell by Sealed measure, and TOWN MEETING, TAXES, POPULATION 613 in said house shall use and maintain good order and Rule, and is and shall be provided wth sufficient housing and Two Beds at ye least for entertainment of strangers and Travailers, and shall attend ye Laws and order at Court referring to yt employ- ment, then this prsent Recognizance to be void, or else to stand in full force, power and virtue. In witness whereof we have hereunto sett our hands & seals this Day & year above written. "Signed sealed & delivered to ye Clerk or Court in prsens of CORNELIUS WALDO Seal. ISAAC JOHNSON JOHN BARNARD" [Waldo Genealogy] TAXES. On November 3d, 1620, King James signed a patent by which the adventurers to the northern colony of Virginia between forty and forty eight degrees north latitude, were incorporated as the Council Established at Plymouth in the County of Devon, for the Planting, Ruling, Ordering and Governing of New England in America. This was the great civil basis of the future patents and plantations of the country On March 19th, 1627, the Council at Plymouth sold to some Knights and gentlemen about Dorchester that part of this patent which lay between the Charles and Merrimack rivers. It was to these persons, or to their successors, that King Charles, in 1628, granted a Charter incorporating them into a body politic under the style of the Governor and Company of the Massachusetts Bay in New England. This Company lacked the power to levy assessments, and could not grant power of taxation to the Colony. The act of the Court of Assistants* of Massachusetts in 1630 was an act of usurpation, which became legitimate only by the acquiescence of every freeman so rated. The power to tax became an accomplished fact, which the Charter of Charles II ignored and that of William & Mary confirmed. Forms of taxation usual in England were introduced — the general property tax, imposts, excises, the capitation tax, income tax, and taxes on certain specified classes of property. The general property tax was the backbone of the system. The machinery of assessing and collecting was simple and this Colonial system extended through the Provincial period and well into the 19th Century. The General Court granted the simi to be raised and this was apportioned among the various towns. The restrictions of taxation to freemen of the Colony resulted, as long as all the adult male inhabitants of the Colony were freemen, in manhood taxation. When the number of men who were debarred from becoming freemen because they were not church members, and who thus escaped taxation altogether, had become so large that the manhood *See Chapter XX. 614 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD basis began to be seriously impaired, the Colonial Government required all males above 16 to contribute to the common charges. Magistrates were exempted, and so in some cases were towns newly settled or lately ravaged by the Indians. Chelmsford's taxes were abated in 1676. To the Constables was committed the collection of taxes, which was often difficult work. In 1647 the Colonial treasurer was instructed to send out notice every fifth month without further instruction, to the constable and selectmen of every town, requiring the constable to call together the inhabitants, who should select one of their freeman to be commissioner, who, together with the selectmen, should make out a tax list, submit it to the examination of the freemen and after correction transmit it to the treasurer. A penny in the pound had become the usual tax rate before 1646, and this was established in that year by an Act of the General Court as the legal rate upon lands and goods; fixed upon as the proportion which, in the light of experience ought to yield a sum nearly or quite sufficient to meet the public expenses, when reckoned upon the property of the Colony and taken together with the proceeds of the Poll tax. Certainly the inhabitants of the Colony were good enough mathematicians to know that in a computation in which the base and the rate per cent, are both fixed quantities, the product is also a fixed quantity; but if they hoped, by fixing upon an unvarying rate to be applied annually to the property in the Colony, to limit the expenditure of the government to the siun thus obtained, it was not long before the futility of their attempt was manifest. The ingenuity of the Colonial legislators was however sufficient for the emergency that arose when it became evident, that the whole amount of property in the Colony, as returned by the Commissioners was not increasing at as rapid a rate as the public expenses were From the passage of the Act of Nov. 13, 1655 which ordered one and one-quarter rates to be laid, the one penny per every twenty shillings ceased to be the rate and became "a rate." The early practice of making more than one levy per year was revived when occasion demanded. In 1670 only "half a rate" was levied, and in 1672 it was ordered that no rate at all be levied, as the income from wines, peltry, &c, was sufficient to meet the public expenses. From this time on till the loss of the Charter, the rates were added to or multiplied year by year, the number rising in some years as high as sixteen, noticeably in 1676, to meet the expenses of King Philip's War. The average for the whole time was not far from four. The poll tax was 20d; £20, the value of a poll. In 1648 troopers were exempt, and magistrates to the extent of £500. Some were exempted on account of poverty, old age or other disability. The professors at Harvard were exempt to the extent of £100. TOWN MEETING, TAXES, POPULATION 615 In 1646 the poll tax was 20d. Next year it was raised to 2/6. In 1653 the old rate was restored. In 1690 it was reduced to 12d. for each "rate." There was also an income tax. All laborers taking over 18d. per day to pay 3s. 4d. over and above the 20d. poll tax. [See "Financial Hist, of Mass.," by Douglas; and Maclear's "New England Town."] After the Revolution, it was the custom in Chelmsford to let out the collection of taxes to the lowest bidder. In 1799, the collection of taxes was bid off to the lowest bidder "at three distinct Strocks" for £0:0:4:3 per pound. For some years prior to 1700 there were town commissioners chosen to serv^e with the selectmen in making assessments. There were really two systems. In some towns, the selectmen or trustees acted as assessors; in others separate boards of assessors were chosen. In 1802, tax bills were sent on printed blanks like this: Cheknsford. Novem. 1st, 1802. To Mr Judathan Parker. Your taxes for 1802. Dlls. Cents. Minister 2 = 24 Town 9 = 78 State 3 = 34 Total to pay 15 = 36 Reed, pay in full A. Chamberlin, Jr., Collector. At the present time, a citizen of this Town pays all his tax in one lump sum. The Town Assessors add the amount of the State and County tax to the amount of money appropriated by the Town for expenses during the year, and from this result subtract the amount of poll tax, corporation tax, and estimated receipts, and then figure the rate for $1,000 to be paid by the property owners. Any tax payer may, upon request, have the amount of his State tax computed for him. In the old days, there was "a rate" levied for each — minister, schools, running expenses. State, County, support of poor, &c. A man who paid poll tax was said to be "rated for his head." A RATE FOR THE MINISTER. An acountt of the estate of the severall persons in Chelmsford in perticuler Rateable to the minester in the yer 1672 lefft Joseph whelers estatt £ s. d. 2 heads 15 Acers land 2 oxon 2 horses 4 cowes 1 bull of 3 yer old 5 swine howsinge 7 . 9 616 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Josiah Richerson 2 heads 4 oxon 4 cowes 2 of 2 yer old 2 yerlings 8 £ s. d. sheep 1 horse 6 swine 14 Acers land howsing one mill 2 stears 3 yer old 10 . 5 Mr Waldow 3 heds howsing 24 Acers land 4 acers pastur 2 oxon 6 cowes 1 of 3 yer old 2 of 2 yer old 3 yerlings 3 horses 5 swine 13 . 5 Samuell varnimi 2 heds 2 oxon 5 Cowes 2 mares 1 of 3 yer old 1 of 2 yer old 1 swine 20 Acers erolld howsing ... 7.8 James Richerson 1 head 2 oxon 4 Cowes 2 of 3 yer old 1 horse 1 of 2 yer old 1 yerling 3 swine 3 sheepe 12 acers land howsing 5. 4 Andrew spalding 1 head 1 mare 2 of 2 yer old 2 swine 16 Acers land 3 . John wright 1 head 14 Acers land 1 horse 2 oxon 4 cowes 3 of 2 yer old 8 sheep 1 swine howsing 5 . 9 Mr Thom hinchman 2 heads 8 Cowes 4 oxon 2 horses 3 of 3 yer old 1 of 2 yer old 3 yerlings 20 sheepe 3 swine saw mill and howsing 18 Acers of land 20 Acers of pasture 13 . 6| John Spaulding 1 head 1 horse 3 Cowes 2 oxon 2 swine 1 of 3 yer old 2 yerlings 8 Acers land howsing 4.9 Mr John ffisk Jun. 1 head 2 horses 2 oxon 4 Cowes 2 of tv yer old 1 yerling 2 swine 8 Acers land howsing 5.7 Mr Will fflecher 3 heds 6 oxon 5 cowes 5 of 3 yer old 4 yerlings 14 sheepe 2 swine 20 Acers land 3 horses howsing mill 14 . 11| John Battes 1 head 1 horse 3 Cowes 2 of 2 yer old 2 yerlings 4 swine 8 Acres land howsing 4.4 Joseph perkis 1 head 8 acres land 3 Cowes 2 oxon 1 of 2 yer old 2 yerlings 5 swine 1 horse 4.6 George Biam 2 heads 2 mares 4 Cowes 2 of 2 yer old 8 sheepe 1 swine 8 Acres land howsing 7.4 Sarrah parker 2 heads 2 oxon 5 Cowes 1 horse 1 of 3 yer old 1 of 2 yer old 2 yerlings 7 sheepe 6 swine 12 Acers of land and howsing 7.11 Samuell fflecher 1 head 2 oxon 3 Cowes 1 of 2 yer old 2 swine 1 horse 13 Acers land howsing 4.8 Joseph ffarwell 1 head 4 oxon 4 Cowes 1 of 2 yer old 2 horses 7 swine 16 Acers land howsing 6. 10 will woodhead 1 head 1 Cow 1 swine 1 mare howsing . 2.6 Abraham parker 2 heads 2 oxon 7 Cowes 2 of 2 yer old 1 of 3 yer old 1 horse 28 Acers medoe 8 of paster land 7 swine 12 sheep 10 . 7 John Stevens 1 head 2 Cowes 4 swine 6 Acers land howsing 3 . John Blanchard 2 heads 2 oxon 2 sters 3 yer old 3 Cowes 1 yerling 1 mare 1 Coltt 2 yer old 9 sheepe 4 swine 12 Acres land howsinge 7.11 TOWN MEETING, TAXES, POPULATION 617 Will vnderwood 2 heads 4 oxon 4 Cowes 1 horse 2 of £ s. d. 2 yer old 1 yerling 6 swine 24 Acers land howsing 8.8 Samuell foster sen 3 heads 6 oxen 5 Cowes 2 of 3 yer old 2 of 2 yer old 1 yerling 3 horses 3 swine 10 sheepe 30 Acers land his pastur and howsinge 13 8 Nathaniell Buterfeld 1 head 2 oxon 2 Cowes 2 sters 3 yer old 2 of 2 yer old 2 yerlings 2 sheep 1 mare 3 hoges five Acers of land his housing 4 10 Jonathan Buterfeld 1 hed 2 oxon 5 Cowes 4 of 2 yer old 4 of 3 yer old 1 yerling 2 mares 1 Calf 5 swine 16 acers land 7 sheepe howsing g ^ Edward vSpalding 1 head 2 Cowes 3 of 2 yer old 1 horse 3 sheep 1 swine 9 Acers land and howsing 4 q Jerathmell Bowers 1 head 2 10 Richard hildreth 8 7 James hildreth n' ni Thomas Adams ' ' ^1 41 Pelatiah Adams 3' -1^ Jacob warren 2 8 Thomas Chamberlin Sen \] 7 ' y John Barke 3 4 John Barrett g ' q Ambros swalow 3 ' George Robines 3 ' j Thorn Corry o ' Thom Chamberlin Jun 4 ' g francis Goole 2 fi Joseph Barrett 5 ' o Thom BaiTett 4 '{} Henry Gidly 1 H Robertt Procttor j^ ' a Joseph Spalding 4 ' r Beniamin Spaulding 4 8 Moses Barron 4 ' k Joshuah fflecher ' ' ' 3 * 4 Beniamin Buterfild 12 6 John Sheply Jun \[ 4 ' g John Sheply Sen l 8 John Perham / ' 4 ' 2 John parker . ^ 3 5 Eliazer Browne 18 Thom Copper ^' g will Good 1 8 Steven perce 211 Edward Cobom Sen 9 ' 2 John Cobom 3 ' g Robert Cobom 4 Edward Cobom Jun 3 n Thom Cobom 3 ' k 618 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD £ s. d. Sam Adams John Wadell John Burge Solomon Reids Chelmsford is deptor in the year 1674. It. to a Rate For the County s vse and tresurs ordr . 6 It. to a rate For the towne house goole Hues in ... . 12 It. to a rate for the payment of the Minester 83 It. to a rate for the Country as by tresurers ordr. . . 16 It. to a rate for the Townes vse by the selectt mens order 20 It. to a rate for powder sould out of towns stock .... 5 It. to a rate for glas For the metting house 2 It. to an other Rate for the County s vse by tresures warent 5 It. to an other Rate For the Minestry and toune the 28. 7. 1675 19 It. to a Contry Rate as by tresures warent in '75 . . 15 [Town Records.] COUNTY AND TOWN TAXES. 6. 4 3. 9 9. 2 5. 8 4 7 10 6 10 9 2 6 7 10 6 9 3 11 16 6 14 10 7 2 Tax Bills : single rates. Chelmsford. 1657. £ 9.15.7 1669-70. £ 18. 1.8 1658-9. 9.19.2 1674. 16. 2.6 1662-3. 14. 2.5 1675-6. 14.18.0 1663-4. 13. 5.6 War Taxes assessed on Chelmsford. 1692. 4694-5. 1696. 1698. 1699. 1702. 1703-4. 1705. 1709. £100. 91. 72. 35. 21. 7.6 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 43.19.0 83.10.0 167. 0.0 167. 0.0 1714. 1715. 1721. 1726. 1730. 1737. 1741. 1746. £118.19.4 83. 6.0 48. 3.3 160. 1.0 65.16.2 248.13.3 41.10.3 139. 6.6 Chelmsford's Tax. 1751. 1755. 1769. 1775. Provincial Tax. £ 121. 8. 144. 0. 126.15. General Tax. Representative's Pay £ 52. 0.0 53. 0.0 36. 0.0 194.14.2i * Also to pay individual loans at interest £46. TOWN MEETING, TAXES, POPULATION 619 State Tax. Representative's Pay. 1781. £1,047.10. £ 23.10.9 1786. 1,003.15. 73. 3.0 1791. 85.10.11 25. 4.0 1796. $392.22 $100. 1810. 313.33 32. 1820. 273.33 34. 1830. 90.90 In a table of the Proportions of the several Towns to a tax of £1000. passed by the Genl. Court in 1742, are these: Chelmsford, £4.1.8. Boston, £180. Concord, £8.4.11. Billerica, £4.4.3. Groton, £6.10.1. Chelmsford's proportion to a Province tax of £1000. in 1761, was £4.4.6. Chelmsford's proportion to a tax of the same amount in 1772, was £3. 15.5. Chelmsford's proportion to a tax of the same amount in 1782, was £3.9.10. Chelmsford's proportion to a tax of the same amount in 1793, was £2.18.10. Chelmsford's proportion on ever}^ $1000. of the entire taxes 1801, $2.35. 1831, $1.89. 1811, $1.83. 1840, $1.68.9. 1821, $2.02. 1844, $117. on a tax of $75,000. Carriages — 1753 to 57. Coaches. Chariots. Chaises. Chairs. Chelmsford 1 2 Westford 1 Billerica 6 Concord 8 In 1755, there were 3 chairs in Chelmsford, i. e., light one- horse carriages. POLLS AND REAL ESTATE, 1761. A List of the Polls and of the Estates Real and Personal of the Several Proprietors And Inhabitants of the town of Chelms- ford taken pursuant to an Act of the General Court of the Province of the Massachusetts Bay in the First year of His Present Majesty's Reign [1761?] Polls Rateable 223 " not Rateable 28 Dwelling Houses & Still-Houses 149 Ware houses 2 Superficial feet of Wharf Grist mills, Fulling-Mills and Saw Mills 5^ Iron Works and furnaces Servants for Life between 14 and 45 years of age 5 620 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Tuns of Vessels of every kind Amount of Each person's whole Trading Stock 321 :19:7 Factorage &c Money at Interest more than any person pays interest for 2470:11:0 Horses and Mares three years old and upwards 160 Oxen four Years old and upwards 272 Cows and Heifers of three years old and upwards 556 Goats one year old and upwards Sheep one year old and upwards 1040 Swine one year old and upwards 85 Acres of Pasturage and what Number 80 Ij^ of Cows it will Keep Yearly 344 Acres of Tillage Land 1250 r 5204 Bushels of Grain and Com of each Sort I ^^^„ \ 9236 Acres of Orchard 189| Barrels of Cyder the Produce of Orcharding 3281 Acres of Mowing Land 1518>^ Tuns of English and Upland Hay it yields in one year . 286>^ Tuns of fresh Meadow Hay it yields in one year 1125| Acres of Salt-Marsh &c Sum Total of Rents 1136:19:8 Rents Received [Original in Boston Public Library.] [Condensed.] The names on the Tax lists for 1775 are as follows: GIVEN TO THE CONSTABLE AT THE SOUTH END. Abbott, Nehemiah, Dr.; Adams, Jonas; Adams, John, 3d; Adams, Joseph; Adams, Samuel; Adams, Jonathan; Adams, Mary; Adams, John, Sergt.; Adams, Oliver, Cler. ; Adams, Abel; Adams, Benjamin; Adams, John; Adams, Samuel, Jr.; Austin, Jonathan Williams, Mr.; Barrett, Lydia, widow; Barrett, Joel; Barrett, Christopher; Barrett, Simeon; Byam, Henry Sergt.; Byam, John; Betties, Andrew; Betties, William; Blazdel, William; Carver, Jonathan; Chamberlin, Aaron, Dea.; Chamber- lin, Jacob; Chamberlin, Benjamin; Chamberlin, Benjamin, Jr.; Chamberlin, Phineas; Crosby, Nathan, Jr.; Crosby, Benjamin; Cory, Ezra; Emery, Zachariah, Mr.; Emery, Ebenezer; Ester- brooks, Josiah; Foster, William, Cler.; Foster, Robert; Foster, Edward; Fletcher, Grace, widow; Fletcher, Benjamin; Hutchings, Thomas; Haywood, James; Harwood, Jonathan, Lieut.; Hodg- man, Josiah; Hodgman, Stephen; Hutcherson, Nathaniel; Kidder, Amos; Lock, Daniel; Minot, John; Marshall, Jonas, Dr.; Mansfield, John; Proctor, Susanna, widow; Proctor, Samuel (David Parker Guardian for); Proctor, Azariah; Proctor, Henry; Proctor, Benjamin; Proctor, Peter; Proctor, Elijah; Proctor, Daniel; Proctor, Ebenezer (Dea. Ebenezer Goold Executor on will TOWN MEETING, TAXES, POPULATION 621 of) ; Parker, David; Parker, Sarah, widow; Parker, Willard; Parker, Jonathan; Parker, Isaac; Parkhurst, Josiah; Putnam, Jonathan; Robbins, John; Robbins, Jonas, Ensign; Robbins, Jonathan; Robbins, John, Jr.; Rae, Jeremiah; Swallow, Jonathan, Scrgt.; Spaulding, Jonathan, Lieut.; Spaulding, Henry, Comet; Spauld- ing, Thomas, Cler.; Spaulding, Jesse; Spaulding, Job; Spaulding, Josiah; Spaulding, John, Jr.; Spaulding, Samuel; Spaulding, Zebulon; Spaulding, Zebulon, Jr.; Shedd, Zachariah; Shedd, Ebenezer; Snow, Joshua; Symonds, Josiah; Prescott, Benj. of Acton, Dr.; Warren, Joseph; Warren, Isaac; Emerson, Parker; Wilson, Samuel; Wright, Zacheus of Westford; Keycs, Abel; Durant, Joshua; Foster, Isaac; Parker, William, Jr.; Adams, Robert; Adams, Peletiah; Teed, John; Barret, Isaac; Peirce, Ephraim; Adams, Saml., 3d; Adams, Thomas; Martin, Asa; Stratton, Jonathan; Kidder, David (Josiah Hodgman Guardian for); Parker, David, Jr.; Emery, Samuel; Wilson, Leonard; Heywood, Benjamin; Harwood, John; Proctor, William: Richardson, Zechariah (Dea. Aaron Chamberlin guardian for); Richardson, Robert (Dea. Aaron Chamberlin guardian for); Parker, Nathaniel of Billerica; Andrews, Edward of Concord; Keyes, Uriah. NAMES GIVEN TO THE CONSTABLE AT THE NORTH END. Blodget, William, Lieut.; Bowers, Oliver; Bowers, Mary, Widow; Bowers, William; Barron, Oliver, Capt.; Butterfield, Anna, Widow; Butterfield, Benjamin; Butterfield, Ephraim; Butterfield, Samuel; Butterfield, Keziah, Widow; Blodget, Sirneon; Bates, Abigail, Widow; Bates, Robert, Sergt.; Blood, Josiah; Bridge, John; Burge, David; Barret, Benjamin; Clark, Timothy; Clark, Elizabeth Mrs.; Chambers, David; Dutton, Rebecca, Widow; Dutton, James; Dutton, Joseph; Dutton, John; Dutton, James Jr.; Mastis, Amos; Davis, Moses; Davis, Joshua; Sillaway, Daniel; Dutton, John; Emerson, Joseph; Fletcher, Josiah ; Fletcher, Elizabeth, Widow; Bigford, Jonathan; Fletcher, Henry (William Peirce guardian for) ; Fletcher, Mary, Widow; Fletcher, Robert; Farrar, Nathaniel; Fletcher, Susanna, Widow; Sawtell, Obediah, of Shirley, Ens.; Fletcher, William; Fletcher, Samuel; Fletcher, Andrew; Fletcher, William, Jr.; Frost, Ebenezer; Foster, Isaiah; Foster, Isaiah, Jr.; Ford, John; Farrar, Joseph; Farmer, Jonas; Farmer, Simeon; Fanner, Solomon; Freeland, John; Fletcher, Zacheus; Graves, Sarah, Widow; Goold, Ebenezer, Dea. ; Goold, Reuben; Howard, Jacob; Howard, Samuel; Howard, Martha, Widow; Kent, Isaac; Keyes, Solomon; Langton, Thomas, Dea.; Lewis, Samuel; Moars, Joseph, Lieut.; Moars, Simeon; Marshall, Thomas; Marshall, Samuel; Marshall, Joseph; Meeds, John; Mears, John; Nicklcss, Robert, of Tewksbury; Peirce, Robert, Quart.; Peirce, Joseph; Peirce, Oliver; Peirce, Stephen; Peirce, William; Peirce, Oliver, 622 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Jr.; Peirce, Silas; Peirce, Jonas; Peirce, Jonathan; Peirce, Levy Parker, Moses, Capt.; Perham, Samuel, Sergt.; Parkhurst James, Sergt.; Parker, Benjamin; Parkhurst, Benjamin, Dea. Parker, Philip; Parker, Oliver; Parker, William; Parkhurst Philip; Parkhurst, Ephraim; Peirce, Willard; Parker, Reuben Richardson, Zechariah, Capt.; Richardson, Esther, Widow Richardson, Sarah, Widow; Richardson, Eleazer; Richardson Josiah; Richardson, Robert; Robie, John; Stoddard, Sampson Col.; Stoddard, Sampson, Jr., Esq.; Spaulding, John, Lieut. Spaulding, Simeon, Comet; Spaulding, Isaiah; Stevens, Samuel Ensign; Stevens, Jacob; Stevens, Ephraim, Esq.; Stevens David; Stevens, Robert; Stevens, Stephen; Stevens, Peter Stevens, Jonathan, 3d; Stevens, John, 3d; Stevens, Silas; Stevens, Samuel, Jr.; Stevens, Simeon; Stevens, Daniel; Stevens, Jona- than; Spaulding, Abel; Spaulding, Benjamin; Spaulding, Joel Spaulding, Willard; Stevens, Deborah, Widow; Tyng, James, of Dunstable, Mr.; Twiss, John; Tylor, Joseph; Talor, Thomas, of Tewksbury; Warren, Benjamin; Walker, Benjamin; Cambel, William; Abbott, William; Abbott, Jeremiah; Spaulding, William, of Westford; Richardson, Henry, of Westford; Howard, Willard; Herrick, Abner; Esterbrooks, Moses; Glode, John; Pollard, Jonathan, of Billerica; Rogers, Zebediah, of Billerica; Laws, James, of Billerica; Keyes, John; Cambel, Hannah, Widow; Crosby, Simeon; Bowers, Francis; Chambers, John; Parker, Rebecca, Widow; Fletcher, deceased, the two daughters of (Dr. Nehemiah Abbott guardian for); Lew, Barzilla; Fletcher, Oliver; Lufkin, Samuel; Manning, Jonathan; Perry, Joseph; Blanchard, Eleazer; Spaulding, Henry Jr.; Marshall, Samuel, Jr.; King, Charles; Bridge, William; Bates, John; Hastings, Walter, Dr.; McClure, Richard; Estabrooks, Joel; Bridge, Ebenezer of Billerica, Mr.; Danforth, David; Spaulding, Micah. MONEY. BILLS OF CREDIT. LAND BANK. The money brought to Massachusetts by the first settlers was insufficient to meet the wants of the community. Resort was made to other media of exchange, such as beaver; dried codfish; wampum, the shell money of the Indians; bullets; different kinds of grain and cattle; boards, etc. In 1652, the General Court established a mint for silver coin. In order to retain such money at home it was made with about one-fourth more alloy than similar pieces in England. The emission of the Colony bills of credit was inaugurated under the provisional government which held the reins after the downfall of Andros. The occasion for this step was the collapse of the expedition which set forth in the fall of 1690 under Sir William Phips with the expectation of capturing Quebec. Hutchin- son says: "The government was utterly unprepared for the return of the forces. They seem to have presumed, not only TOWN MEETING, TAXES, POPULATION 623 upon success, but upon the enemy's treasure to bear the charge of the expedition. The soldiers were upon the point of mutiny for want of their wages. [See Davis: Currency and Banking in the Prov. of Mass. Bay Part I, p. 9.] The currency emitted in 1690, before the arrival of the second charter, was generally spoken of as Colony or Old Charter Bills, and, according to the order of its emission, was denominated old, middle, and new tenor. The bills of public credit of this Colony formed a precedent for the founders of the Bank of England in 1694. In 1686, 1714, and again in 1740, there were projects for the establishment of Land Banks to emit notes on real security. In 1740, a Manufactory Company was formed in Boston "for the ease of trade and commerce." Bills of credit to the extent of £150,000, called Manufactory Bills, were to be issued. This was called the Land Bank Scheme, because land was pledged for the redemption of the bills. The Governor resisted this and another, called the Hard Money Bank, especially the former. But the scheme found favor in the rural districts. Many towns took the notes. There were about one thousand subscribers. The names below were taken from several pieces of paper that were saved out of the fire when the Boston Court House was burned in 1747. This, called also the Town House (the Old State House), was the successor of the building burned in 1711. This was rebuilt in 1714. Sums received by the Commissioners of several of the Direc- tors and Partners of the late Manufactory Company: Names. Towns. Assessment Oz. of silver. Gershom Procter, Chelmsford 4 2 Joseph Barrett, Adm., do 1.10 4^ Land Bank Proprietors. Jos. Barrett 15. Gersh. Procter 10. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 136, p. 83 ff.] The career of this bank and others was suppressed in 1741 by parliamentary intervention, "brutal in its disregard of the rights of the colonists," who were interested in them, and provoking great hostility, which was not without its effect as the Revolu- tionary period came on. In the early days a piece of eight, the Spanish peso duro (hard dollar), passed at five shillings. In 1642, the General Court fixed its value at 4s. 8d. sterling, and later in the same year at 5s. In 1704, Queen Anne issued a proclamation by which the value of a piece of eight was made 4s. 6d. and the weight, 17 dwt. 12 gr. This coin bore the numeral 8 and the value 8 reals. The commercial sign$ is derived from this figure, the vertical lines on the 8 being the Pillars of Hercules stamped on some Spanish dollars. In 1750, the Province fixed the value of a Spanish dollar 624 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD at six shillings, which made the pound in New England currency equal to three and one-third Spanish dollars: $3.33| in United States money. Six shillings made a dollar; three shillings, half a dollar, which nomenclature continued in use until recent times. In 1750, the value of Old Tenor in Lawful Money was: Old Tenor Lawful Money. £. s. d. £ s. d. 7 1 equals 1 1 . equals 2 . 8 100. equals 13.6.8 1000. equals 133.6.8 A pistole full weight was worth 22 . An English shilling was worth . . . . 1.4 Feb. 27, 1781. The Justices of the Supreme Court were appointed to deter- mine the value of the bills of public credit. — From April 1, 1780, to April 20, one Spanish dollar was equal to 40 of the old emission; to April 25, 42; to April 30, 44;^to May 5, 46; and so on to Feb. 27, 1781, 75. (Signed) William Gushing Nath. Peaslee (Sargeant) David Sewal James Sullivan The amounts of the annual issues of Province bills depended on the military outlook. After the peace of Ryswick in 1697 and that of Utrecht, the Bostonians feared no attack by the French, and could undertake no expeditions against Port Royal or Quebec. But there was cause for agressive movements against the Eastern Indians, and from 1703 to 1728 there were large issues. In 1711, there was a temporary loan of £50,000. In 1714, there was a direct loan of £50,000. In 1716, there was through Counties a loan of £100,000. In 1721, there was through Towns a loan of £50,000. In 1728, there was through Towns a loan of £60,000. From 1702 to 1750, the emissions of bills including loans amounted to £4,634,700, and the withdrawals, £2,814,900. To overcome the disturbance this occasioned, bills of credit were distributed among the inhabitants on loans secured by real estate. In 1721, the loan to Chelmsford (£401.10) was to be let out in sums of not more than £20, nor less than £5, at 5% interest. A sixth part of the income was to recompense the Trustees — Benj. Adams, Joshua Fletcher and Edward Spaulding. The yearly interest on the loan in Chelmsford, amounted to £16.14.07. [See Town Records.] THE STODDARD HOUSE, THE REVOLUTIONARY MONUMENT ON THE COMMON, AND THE CHELMSFORD CLASSICAL SCHOOL, CHELMSFORD CENTRE A'o. THE ADAMS HOUSE, NORTH CHELMSFORD, MASS. TOWN MEETING, TAXES, POPULATION 625 The trustees of this Town's part of the £60,000 loan of 1728 were Capt. Jonathan Richardson, Deacon Stephen Peirce and Capt. Samuel Chamberlain. Deacon Peirce became "impaired in his reason" and another was appointed in his stead. Not less than £5, nor more than £10, to be let out to one person. This receipt is found in the Town records: Boston, Septembr. 19th. 1735. Received of the Trustees of Chelmsford by Mr Saml. Chamberlain Ninety-four Pounds, Seventeen Shillings, being the first fifth, £60.000. Loan, & Eighteen Pounds, Nineteen Shillings & four pence Interest sd. Loan, first fifth 94:17. Interest 18:19:4 The paper currency was so oppressive and embarrassing that Parliament passed an act to reimburse the colonies in specie, but the grant was insufficient to redeem all the paper money, so a tax of £75,000 was levied, of which Chelmsford paid £305.15 besides £29.7.6 to the Town's Representative. This was in 1748. POSTAGE. In 1792, the rates of postage were: For every single letter by land — Miles. Cents. Miles. Cents. Under 30 6 150 to 200 15 30 to 60 8 200 to 250 17 60 to 100 10 250 to 350 20 100 to 150 12| 350 to 450 22 For more than 450 miles, 25 cents. If the letter were written on two or more pieces of paper, postage was charged on each piece. In 1845, the rate was 5 cents for 300 miles per ^ ounce. In 1851, the rate was 3 cents for less than 3,000 miles. In 1863, the rate was 3 cents for any distance. The 2 cent rate came in 1883. SURPLUS REVENUE. The Surplus Revenue of 1837 was caused by the operation of the high tariff, and a new method of managing the public deposits. The sale of public lands also contributed to it. $28,000,000 or more of this surplus was distributed among the States, according to their electoral vote or on the basis of direct taxation, using the census of 1830. Massachusetts had 14 votes, and received $1,338,173.58. Chelmsford's population was 1387, and the Town's portion was $2,022.30; paid May 9, 1837, "Received per order Benj. Adams." The first two instalments 626 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD were to be deposited with the towns in proportion to their popula- tion by the last census, the last two according to the population by a new census to be taken in May, 1837. Chelmsford's portion was received in a single payment, according to the Treasurer's books at the State House. The towns were bound to refund the deposit when the U. S. Treasury called it in, but meanwhile they were to apply the money or the interest on the same to those public objects for which it is lawful to raise money, and for no other purpose. Massachusetts used the interest somewhat for the support of schools, but the principal has been used up mainly on Town expenses. In the Town records, it is stated that the third instalment was $ 1 , 025 . 90 , and that the fourth was never received . The money was loaned to the inhabitants in sums not exceeding $500 on mortgages on real estate. There seems to be a discrepancy between the State record and that of the Town. The two pay- ments mentioned, amounting to over $3,000, probably completed Chelmsford's full portion. ACREAGE OF CHELMSFORD. The tract originally asked for was six miles square, which would include 23,040 acres. The additional grant was less than half the original in extent, say 10,000 acres. Allen states that the measurement in 1781 gave 13,838 acres, 2,063 of which was in roads, ponds and sunken lands. Westford had been separated from Chelmsford, and since then other parts of the Town, including Lowell and Middlesex Village, have been cut off. In the report of the Valuation Committee of 1850, in the vState Library, the acreage is given as 14,301, of which 323 acres was in roads and 1,563 covered by water. The Assessors' report for 1914 gives the number of acres of land assessed as 13,908. This, of course, does not include land owned by the Town — the Town Farm, land on which are located the Town Halls and schools and cemeteries, church property, ponds, waterways and roads, commons and public squares. Symme's Map of Westford, 1753-5, gives a Plan of Chelms- ford in 1725, and states the area of the eastern part (Chelmsford) to be 19,519 acres, 116 rods; and that of the western part (West- ford) the same; making a total of over 39,000 acres. VALUATION OF CHELMSFORD. Polls Population 1790 $ 9,512.75 (Polls) 299 1,144 1800 11,816.10 322 1,290 1810 12,659.10 1,396 1820 15,993.98 402 1,535 1830 355,751.00 Total 416 1,387 1840 443,684.77 443 1,697 1850 958,369.00 543 2,097 TOWN MEETING, TAXES, POPULATION 627 Polls Population 1860 $1,371,136.00 Total 583 2,291 1870 1,695,075.00 593 2,374 1880 1,461,316.00 642 2,553 1890 1,772,035.00 758 2,695 1900 2,448,848.00 1,275 3,984 1910 4,524,105.00 1,347 5,010 1915 4,514,610.00 1,337 5,182 POPULATION. 1707-8, March 18. Number of polls. Chelmsford, 137 Cambridge, 260 Billerica, 140 Concord, 223 Groton, 67 Charlestown, 270 Dracut, Dunstable, 15 20 Middlesex Co., / 2,641 \ Populatic )n, 10,564 1741. Chelmsford: Males, 415. Females, 438. Total, 853. 1763-5. There were in Chelmsford 133 houses, 176 families, 224 males under 16, 227 females under 16, 246 males above 16, 304 females above 16. Total, 997. Errors, 4+. Negroes: male, 7; female, 4. Total, 1,012. In 1755, there were eight negro slaves in Chelmsford above 16 years of age. In Boston there were 989. In 1776, there were 1,341 white people in Chelmsford, includ- ing 106 persons from Boston and Charlestown. (See page 298.) Middlesex County had within its borders 40,121 white people. In 1777, there were 319 males of 16 years and upwards. Strangers, 5. Quakers, 0. In 1778, the niimber of polls in valuation was 255. In 1781, the number was 240. In 1784, the nirtnber of male polls in Chelm.sford, rateable and not rateable, was 279. Supported by the Town, 2. In 1790, the population of Chelmsford was 1,144. Males over 16, 327; under 16, 233. Females, 572. All other free persons, 12. Allen says the cause of the decrease in the population from 1776 to 1790 is to be found in the separation of seventeen families from Chelmsford to form the District of Carlisle, 1780. The decrease in 1830 is accounted for by the fact that Lowell was set off in 1826. [See U. S. Census, Am. Statist. Ass'n. Coll., and Allen, p. 184.] Town Expenses. For the year ending Dec. 31, 1914, (ten months) accord- ing to the Assessors' report, the total expenses of the Town were $87,431 . 13 Less estimated receipts 14,590 . 00 $72,841 . 13 This includes the State tax 8,925.00 State Highway tax 526 . 59 County tax 4,894 .48 628 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Rate of taxation, $15.70 per $1,000.00. Number of polls assessed 1,384 Assessed on polls only 682 Residents assessed on property: Individuals 1,105 All others 20 1,125 Non-residents assessed on property: Individuals 356 All others 21 377 Total niimber assessed 2,184 For the vear ending Dec. 31, 1915, total expenses $82,362.16 less receipts, $12,752.21 (Rate $17.80). $69,609.95 For the year ending Feb. 28, 1914, total expenses $82,234.80 less receipts, $9,000 (Rate $16) $73,234.80 For the year ending Feb. 28, 1913, total expenses $78,374.72 less receipts, $14,500 (Rate $14.20) .... 63,874 . 72 For the year ending Feb. 28, 1912, total expenses $91,644.25 less receipts, $7,160 (Rate $19.40) 84,484.25 1914. Number of horses assessed 486 Number of cows assessed 925 Nimiber of sheep assessed 57 Nimiber of neat cattle other than cows 225 Number of swine 151 Number of fowls 14,534 Number of dwellings 1,133 Number of acres of land 13,908 The writer made copies of the following documents, which are too extended to be included in this book, but they may be con- sulted at the Adams Library. The United States Direct Tax of 1798. "A General List of all Dwelling-Houses, which with the Out- Houses appurtenant thereto, and the Lots, on which the same are erected, not exceeding two acres in any case, were owned, possessed or occupied on the 1st day of October, 1798," &c., with the names of owners and occupants, and valuation. List of Chelmsford Names, &c. Original in the Library of the N. E. Hist. Gen. Soc, Boston. The First Census of the United States, 1790. Chelmsford Town. Names of heads of families and number of males and females. Printed by the United States in "A Century of Population Growth," 1909. CHAPTER XIII. TOPOGRAPHY. HILLS. MEADOWS, BROOKS. AND PONDS. robin's hill. WHAT follows is from a note on the Pennacook Indians, by John Farmer printed in the N. H. H. Soc. Coll., Vol. I, p. 225. John Farmer, the distinguished New England antiquary, was bom in Cheknsford, June 12, 1789, the eldest son of John Farmer of this Town, who was descended from Edward who came from Warwickshire, England, to Billerica, in 1670. "The Pennacook Indians were a more warlike tribe than the Wamesit Indians who lived around Pawtucket Falls in Cheknsford. They were opposed to the introduction of Christianity among them, and 'obstinately refused to pray to God.' " "The Indians of the most peaceful character among the Pennacooks were the Robin family, a part of which lived in Cheknsford, and owned a hill in that town, which, for almost two hundred [now nearly three hundred] years has been known as Robin's Hill." The hill was so called when the first settlers came here in 1652. At the beginning of the settlement, through John Eliot's agency with the Indians and at Court, an exchange of land under improvement on Robin's Hill for an equal quantity under similar improvement at a place to be designated by the Indians within their grant, was agreed upon and ordered by the Court. . , ,1 The height of Robin's Hill is 450 feet above sea level. Latitude: 42° 35' 06.252"; Longitude: 71° 21' 56.086". Cheknsford Meeting House: Latitude: 42° 35 50.493 ; longitude: 71° 21' 12.322". .... St. Anne's Church, East Chelmsford (Lowell): Latitude: 42° 38' 47"; longitude: 71° 19' 2". Cheknsford, Middlesex Church: Latitude: 42 38 11.58 ; longitude: 71° 21' 19.87". . ^ u- - -lt-h A single pine tree formerly stood on the top of Robm s Hill, and formed a landmark which, it is said, was the first object sighted by vessels entering Boston Harbor. The steel-framed watch tower now, in a way, takes its place as a landmark. The top of the tower is 30 feet from the ground; the cabin which surmounts it is 8 feet square. A 60-foot tower has been planned to take the place of this one. The Custom 630 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD House tower in Boston may be seen from the watch tower. Wachusett, Monadnock and the foot-hills of the White mountains stand out against the sky on the horizon. Forty-nine towns may be seen, and a territory of 400,000 acres is within the scope of the glass. Brush fires or forest fires may be located by triangulation within a few feet. At the triangulation station on the simimit of Robin's Hill close to the tower, there is an iron bolt in the rock. The station has three witness marks, that is, drill holes enclosed in squares cut in the rock, with arrows pointing toward the centre. The name of this hill has been spelled Robin, Robins and Robin's. In the chapter entitled "The Beginning," it is printed as Mr. Perham wrote it. In the remaining portion of the History, "Robin's" has been employed, as having been used by Farmer, and is, the writer thinks, the correct form of the word. The following lines were written for the Chelmsford Eagle. ' robin's hill. Dear, oft remembered "Robin's Hill!" How many memories cluster still Around thy bold, yet graceful form, Unshaken by the ages' storm. Often in Childhood has my gaze Lingered with joy, when sunset rays Diffused their splendor 'round thy head, Like veil of glory o'er thee spread. Upon thy summit, how serene And beautiful, the wide-spread scene! The distant hills, in calm repose. In kingly garb of purple rose. And lake, and stream, and woodland, made A picture that will never fade. The ancient highway on the north, Trod by our grandsires in their youth, Had many charms in youthful eyes, Which still in later years we prize. On one hand lay the lime-pits old. Dug deep as men have dug for gold; And I would wander there alone. Charmed with the strangeness all their own, And let my fancy roam at will. Thro' deep ravine, o'er rocky hill; To my imagination then, Smile not in scorn, ye wiser men; In truth they really seemed as grand As Alpine wilds of Switzerland. Still further, where the ledge laid bare Its mossy breast to sun and air. And a few pine trees murmured low, And spread their sheltering arms, as though To guard a spot most sacred made, For there my saintly father prayed ;* His presence, and his purity. Have made it a Gethsemane. Rev. John Parkhurst. TOPOGRAPHY 631 And winding on around the hill, Beside the road a rock lies still, On which a curious track is seen, As though a foot had melted in, Which old time superstition said, Was by the Evil Spirit made; When in his wanderings to and fro, In respite from his home below, He passed this way, and on the stone His foot-print left, and only one; So that the inference may be drawn. He made no stay, but hastened on. Upon the hill's broad rocky crown. The lone pine stands, which marks to town. By those approaching it is seen Afar, and welcome has it been Full oft, to many a weary eye. Returning homeward joyfully. Long may it on its firm throne stand, And never avaricious hand Be raised this king of pines to slay, Till time shall crumble it away. Change with its ever busy hand, Has ridden boldly thro' the land; Old houses vanish, new ones rise, And steam, like magic, time defies; Faces familiar once and dear. Have passed, and left their places drear. A few brief years, and those who ran And played, as only children can. Around the hill, are scattered wide. And some have gained the other side; But the old hill unchanged remains. Thro' winter's storms and summer's rains, An emblem faint of love and power. Which guards our lives from earliest hour, Till we up Zion's mount shall climb. Past earthly hills, past earthly time. — Martha L. Emerson. TADMUCK. "The Town of Westford was originally a part of Chelmsford and its early history is involved in the history of that town. From the land allotments recorded in Chelmsford and from old deeds, it appears that the meadow and plain in the southwest part of Westford were called Great Tadmuck; the swamp on the east side was called Tadmuck; and these were sometimes designated as Farther Tadmuck and Hither Tadmuck ; and the region about the east burying-ground was known as Little Tadmuck. The hill on which the central village stands bore the name of Tadmuck. No proof has been found that this name was given to any territory north of Stony Brook, and no Indian name of this stream has been discovered. The early deeds also mention Nubanussuck Pond and Kissacook Hill, north and west of the brook, and these are each Indian appellations. HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD "Some of the favorite haunts of the Indians are still known, where they built their wigwams and planted their com. These were generally near a stream or spring, but sometimes on a warm hillside. One of their resorts was on the east side of Boutwell's Meadow, about one mile from the Centre, and near the house of Oren Coolidge. Stone tools and flints have recently been found there, and are now in possession of Mr. Coolidge. "Another resort was an island in Providence Meadow, on which their implements have been found. Still another on the slope near the lone tree west of George Drew's house, and there probably they raised patches of Indian com, after the manner of Indian husbandry. Yet another was on the hill east of Eli Tower's, where a flat rock is shown upon which the squaws kindled their fires and baked Indian cake in the best style of Indian cookery. "But Forge Pond was the rallying point of the tribes. It is to be regretted that the Indian name of this pond has not been preserved. On its banks they were accustomed to gather for feasting and dancing, and for purposes of Indian hospitality and friendship. On the eastern margin two places are shown where the encampments of lodges were fixed, which are indicated by slight excavations and the finding of arrow-heads. Old Andrew, the Indian, who sold his warre (weir) at the outlet to the Town of Groton before 1680, was doubtless a fisherman (an expert in the business), but driven away by the encroaching white man. No trace of their abiding at or near Nubanussuck is known to the compiler ; but it is fair to presume that they often went there as well as to other ponds on the north part of the town. By those clear and quiet waters no doubt the Indian maidens had their toilet, and by the setting sun their graceful forms were mirrored in the limpid stream. These freeborn children of solitude have passed away, but still the waters shimmer in the sunlight and remind us of the sad fate of a vanished race." [Hodgman's "History of the Town of Westford," pp. 2, 3.] OTHER LOCALITIES. Heart pond was so named on account of its shape, the outline somewhat resembling that of the conventional heart. It has sometimes been called Baptist pond because most of those living near it were of that religious denomination. The western bank of the Concord or Musketaquid river, where the English made their earliest settlements on the old Indian pasture, known later as the Wamesit Purchase, bounded "a plot of ground much resembling a heater," says Allen, "which gave rise to the name of Concord River Neck." "The Great Neck, or Neck Land, so called, includes the whole Indian planta- tion, lying northeast of original Chelmsford and between Concord river and Merrimack river. Concord River Neck lies between River Meadow brook and Concord river, extending southwest to the line between Chelmsford and the Indian plantation." TOPOGRAPHY 633 Golden Cove (found in the Town records as early as 1688) is an ancient name for the locality where the brook of that name is crossed by the road to Lowell, but its origin is obscure. The sand which covered the bottom of the old fordway; the yellow lilies once numerous there; a story that the Indians had fotmd gold there; these are some of the vague attempts to account for the name. In 1660, a highway was laid out to "Verjeniah." In 1716, "Voted that a hy way between Chelmsford and Concord shall be laid out by verginea meddows." (See Map No. Merrimack plain was the name of the northwestern part of Newfield, and included all the land northwest of Deep brook. Carolina plain, or South Carolina plain, as it once appears in the records, lies near Golden Cove. (See Map No. 11.) So called as early as 1720. Frances hill should be thus spelled. In 1664, Solomon Keyes of Newbury took up his residence on a piece of land on the north side of this hill, and named the hill for his wife, who was Frances Grant, and whom he married the preceding year. He was the first premanent settler in what is now Westford. Hills: Robin's, Frances, Chestnut, Drum, Flatt, Walnut, Tadmuck, Millstone, Ridge, Bare or Bear, Pine, Huckleberry, Rocky, Fort, Providence, Nashoba, Kissacook, Railtree, Rattlesnake, Sawpit, Black Brook, Meeting House, Wamesit Meeting House, Steven's, Proctor. Ponds: Heart, Long Sought For, Round, Long, Nabnasset, Annanniesumsick (Newfield), Nonsuch, Providence, Keyes' (north part of Westford), Flushing, Birge's. A region called Texas is in the southern part of what is now Westford. Farther Tadmuck and Hither Tadmuck are swamps on the east side of Westford. Little Tadmuck is in Westford, toward Chamberlain's comer, region around the east burying ground. Great Tadmuck meadow and plain in southwest part of Westford. The Centre Village of Westford is on Tadmuck hill. Swamps: Great and Little Tadmuck, Great (by the Canal), Wigwam, Bear, Poplar, Long, Muddy, Spruce. Plains: Merrimack, Carolina, Pine, Golden Cove, Bocken- egont. Pond. Brooks: Great or Mill, River Meadow, Hale's, Beaver, Farley's, Black, (flows through Peat meadow). Long, Stony, Keyes, Deep (runs into the Merrimack at Newfield), East Meadow, Gilson's, Crooked Springs, House (southeastern part of Town), Golden Cove, George's, George Robbins', Vine, Speen's (in East Chelmsford), Sawmill Meadow. 634 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Flaggy meadow is in the western part of Chelmsford, a half mile west of the Elbridge Button homestead, a mile from the Westford line. Peat meadow, in the eastern part of the Town, is a part of the tract known as "Redshire," about a mile west of Stedman street. Black brook flows through this meadow, and through Middlesex Village. River meadow gives its name to the brook flowing through it. Long meadow is named in Adams's grant, 1660. Flushing meadows are near Flushing pond. Ministry meadow; Round meadow; Smooth meadow; East meadow; Mole Hill meadow; Golden Cove meadow; Forty Acre meadow; Pond meadow; Crane meadow; Cross meadow; Home meadow; Blanchard's meadow; Tobacco meadow; Sakateare meadow; Wamesit meadow; Long Pond meadow; Pawtucket meadow; Spring meadow; are mentioned in the records. Snake meadow is between the West and North Villages, near Crooked Springs brook. Grasshopper valley is east of the bridge in North Chelmsford. Drowned Cow hole is in Tadmuck swamp. Six acres called Providence meadow lie on the east side of Tadmuck hill. QUOTATIONS FROM ALLEN — 1820. "Chelmsford is situated twenty miles north-west of Boston, on the post-road to Amherst and Windsor. It is bounded on the north by Merrimack river, on the east by Concord river, south-east by Billerica, south by Carlisle; west by Westford, and north west by Tyngsborough. By a measurement in 1781, it was found to contain 13,838* acres; 2,063 of which are in roads, ponds and sunken lands. It is remarkably diversified by meadows and swamps, uplands and forest trees of various kinds, and inter- sected by brooks and rivulets. Few townships in the Common- wealth have a greater variety of soil, or possess greater facilities to a profitable market for their various productions. Upon the Merrimack and Concord, much of the land is alluvial and fertile. Thence proceeding south west, lies a pine plain, called Carolina plain, upwards of a mile wide, intersecting the north east and south west part of the town. The soil is shallow and sandy; and of little use except for raising rye. It produces a crop of about ten bushels per acre triennially The flour is of a quality superior to that raised on a richer and more fertile soil. The natural growth of this plain is white and yellow pine. It lies in the vicinity of Middlesex canal ; and makes advantageous additions to the farms bordering upon it The wood is an article of great domestic use, and finds a ready market at the Glass Manu- factory The wood lands in the neighbourhood of this great plain produce an alternate growth of oak and pine. * 6 miles square contains nearly 23,000. TOPOGRAPHY 635 The west part of the town is generally rocky and hard to be subdued; but when much labor and expense have been bestowed upon it, it is found to yield a large croj) and to retain its strength and vigor for many years. So illy suited to grazing is the town, that few families even among the most wealthy make a sufficiency of butter and cheese for their own consumption. Its principal productions for market are English grain and cider. Since the opening of Middlesex Canal, much of the woodland has been cleared up, and its growth sent to the capital. The principal resources of the town are its fisheries, granite, lime-stone, clay, peat, wood, mills, manufactures, canals, and great roads. HEART POND. The only [?] pond in town, is Heart Pond, which is a very pleasant basin of water of a few miles in circiimference, much frequented, formerly by those who were fond of angling. It lies in the south west comer of the town, and in form resembles a heart. BROOKS. Stony Brook originates in Harvard, passes through the northerly parts of Littleton and Westford, and the north west comer of Chelmsford, where it enters into the Merrimack. It affords a number of excellent seats for mills, which are improved by forges, trip-hammers, saw mills, grist mills, and clothing mills. Mill brook, rises out of Heart Pond, and takes a south easterly direction to the north part of Carlisle where it shifts its course towards the north, and falling into the great meadows, in the easterly part of Chelmsford, is called River-meadow-brook, from the junction of Beaver brook; where it takes a north easterly course, until it enters Concord river above Wamesit falls. It has upon it four grist mills, two saw mills, and a clothier's mill. Beaver brook rises in Tadmuck and other swamps west of the meeting-house, and running a few rods south of it falls into River-meadow-brook half a mile east of the said meeting house. On this stream , though less than three miles in length, are a saw mill, a grist mill, a carding machine, lathe and apparatus for sawing felloes for wheels, moved by water. Black brook issues from a large swamp south of Stony brook, runs about a mile and a half in an eastern direction, and then north east into Merrimack river, half a mile above Pawtucke t falls. Deep brook begins in the north east comer of Westford, and passing through the north west comer of Chelmsford, enters the JMerrirnack, between Newfield Eddy and Stony brook. 636 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD The town possesses natural advantages, which may be the means of increasing the wealth and population, so as to make it the seat of much business. The two rivers that form its northern and eastern boundaries are connected by Middlesex canal with Boston harbor. This opens a communication from these rivers, which facili- tates the transportation of lumber and produce, and increases their value. The fisheries upon these rivers are lucrative to individuals, and were the laws regulating the taking of fish better observed, would be a source of considerable wealth to those who devote their attention to this business. When the town was first settled and for fifty years afterwards, Merrimack river abounded with salmon, shad, alewives and sturgeon,* together with various kinds of smaller fish. With these the mouth of Concord river was also stored. Some of the smaller streams, particularly Stony brook, abounded with shad and alewives. For some years the inhabitants used them to manure their fields. Artificial obstructions across these rivers and brooks, and other causes have greatly diminished the fish; so that they are rather desirable as a ltixiu"y, than as an article of cheap living. The quantity of sahnon, shad and alewives, caught in Chelms- ford annually may be computed at about 25 hundred barrels, besides a large quantity of other fish of less value. MILLS. The advantages of the brooks and rivers above mentioned will best appear from the number of Mills, Machines and Manu- factories, built upon them. There are six saw-mills; seven grist mills; one woolen manufactory; and iron works, where hoes and shovels are manufactur'd, and various kinds of curious work done, and irons for machinery castf, a fulling Mill and clothier's shop. Also a very curious loom for weaving boot- straps, moved entirely by water. This loom, constructed by Mr. John Golding is a great curiosity in these parts, and will, it is believed, bring a handsome income to the ingenious and indefatig- able owner. LIME. In the south west part of the town, is a bed of lime stone, of an excellent quality, extending two miles north-east. It has five lime kilns upon it, and from which are annually drawn, about a thousand hogshead, which may be estimated at $5 per hogshead. * Merrimack, signifies in the Indian language a Sturgeon. In some of the earliest histories of this country it is called Merrimack or Sturgeon River, t Messrs. Ames & Fisher. TOPOGRAPHY 637 PEAT. Peat has been lately found in sundry places Few experi- ments have yet been made to ascertain its quantity or quality. From the few that have been made, it appears highly probable, that many meadows now esteemed of little value, contain vast treasures of fuel, from which future generations will draw their supplies, as the present do from their wood lands. GRANITE. In the north west part of the town, are granite [boulders] of superior beauty and excellence. They are not found in quarries, but on the surface of the earth, or partly sunk into it. They are of various sizes and dimensions, from one to a hundred tons' weight. They are first split with iron wedges, and then wrought into any form by hammers and other iron tools, at the pleasure of the workman. They are in so great a demand for the con- struction of dwelling houses, churches and public edifices, that eight workmen, the last season (1817) were not able to answer the urgent calls, which were made for them. A quantity of the value of twelve thousand dollars and upwards, was transported the last year, in a rough state through Middlesex Canal, to the State Prison in Charlestown, where they were hammered and prepared for the builders' use by the convicts So extensive has become the knowledge, and so celebrated the beauty of them, that an elegant church was built of them at Savannah, Georgia, in 1818 They are found in divers parts of the town; but the best and whitest are in Merrimack plain, or Newfield, and the adjacent part of Tyngsborough. They have acquired the common and discriminating name of 'Chelmsford granite.' The amount of stones wrought in Chelmsford, and transported to Boston and other places, in 1818, is estimated at upwards of 25,000 dollars. CLAY. Beds of clay have been opened in sundry places and con- siderable attention has been paid to the making of brick; par- ticularly in the east part of the town. The clay is not of the purest and best kind; but is manufactured to good advantage. The local situation and quality of the clay, hold out advantages sufficient to induce enterprising men to carry on the brick-making business upon a more extensive plan, than has yet been attempted. [Allen, pages 38-43.] 638 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD INDIAN NAMES. Aberjona: Hale's, or River Meadow brook, the region below the great causeway — i. e., Plain street, Lowell.* Assanunnickcom — ^misick, Annannieumsick : Newfield pond. Kissacook hill, in Westford. Massachusetts: at or about the great hills, i. e., the Blue Hills of Milton. Massic falls and island. Concord river. Musketaquid : the Concord, the grass grown or meadow river. Merrimack: sturgeon, rapid river, place of swift waters, river of broken waters. Naticot, Nacooke, Nahamcok, Naamkeak, Namcock, Name- keake, Nahamkeage, Neahambeak: eel-land, or a fishing place. Middlesex Village. Nabnasset, Nubannussuck : pond in Westford. Pawtucket: at the falls, or, place of the loud noise. Suneanassit: region at mouth of Stony brook. Tadmuck: hill and swamp in Westford. Wamesit, Weymessick : the place for all, or of a large assembly. Weikeset, Wicasee, Wicasuck, Wickasauke, Wicosucke: now called Tyng's Island, in the Merrimack. ORTHOGRAPHICAL VARIATIONS. Twenty-three different spellings of the name of the Town have been noticed in the records and docimients consulted. Chelmsford Chenceford Chellmsford Chensford Chellmsfoord Chalmsford Chemlsford Chelford Cheemsford Chilford Chemsford Celmsford Chilmsford Clemsford Chimsforde Chemsfort Chimsfarde Chettinford Chansford Chalmsforth Chansforth Chelmsforth Chalmsferd These variations are found in records relating to the English town: Chelmsford Chelmesforde Chelmsforde Chelmysford Chelmersford Chelmysforde Chilmersford Chelmysfode Chelmesford Chainsford ♦Probably a reminiacenoe of the Aberjona river in Woburn, whence came some of the early settlers. TOPOGRAPHY 639 Lippincott's Gazetteer gives the pronunciation of the name "Chemzford" — the e short, and without sounding the 1. This is the common pronunciation. The name Merrimack, according to the Encyclopaedia Britannica, is spelled with the k at places along the river above Haverhill ; but the k has now been ofi&cially recognized as belong- ing to the name. PART TWO. METEOROLOGICAL AND SEISMICAL OBSERVATIONS. The earliest recorded earthquake in this region was on June 1, 1638, between the hours of 3 and 4 p. m. The weather was clear and warm, and the wind westerly. All New England was violently shaken. The shock lasted about four minutes. In some places people could scarcely stand upright. On January 26, 1663, another heavy shock was felt in New England. It was especially severe in Canada. Feb. 27, 1695, the General Court could not sit in Boston on account of the severe cold, and a violent storm of wind and snowdrifts. In 1727, on October 29, there was a severe earthquake in this part of the country, lasting about two minutes. Walls and chimneys fell and all the towns on the Merrimack suffered severely. 1816 was the cold year. The grain raised was not sufficient in quantity to suffice for planting the following season. There was a considerable emigration from New England to the West. FROM THE DIARY OF THE REV. EBENEZER BRIDGE. 1750/1. Jan. 22. This morning a very high wind which blew down several buildings, & much rain. 1755. Oct. 30. Lecture day. I preached. Snow storm. The thinest meeting I have seen in Chelmsford. [1755. Nov. 18, occurred an earthquake which shook the grasshopper weather-vane off Faneuil Hall in Boston. And on the same day the city of Lisbon in Portugal was destroyed by an earthquake. Rev. William Emerson says: "On the morning of 18 Novem- ber, 1755 the inhabitants of Boston, and of all the northern and middle states of North America, were surprised with the most violent shock of an earthquake that ever was experienced in this part of the world. Many houses were shattered, hundreds of chimneys were blown down, wells broken, and huge chasms made in various parts of the earth. It lasted about three minutes." It was taken to be a token of the divine anger.] 640 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Parson Bridge gives this account of his experience: 1755. Nov. 18. About 4 o clock this morning we were suddenly awaked out of sleep by a most terrible & shocking Earth- quake. I was awaked whether by ye noise or ye shaking I know not, but immediately I thot what it was. Called to my wife & she & I leaped immediately out of bed — & were casting about in our minds wt Course to take for safety. She ran to ye Chamber where 4 of our children & our Servt. lay. I run after her & then took back to dress me. She then ran to ye chamber where my Sons Ebr. & Jno. lay — My dear lambs were all in a dreadful surprize — I believe this shock was as great as yt in ye year 1727 wch I well remember. We all got up & dressed ourselves & I could not enough praise & bless the Lord who had preserved us and ours. I observed presently a little repetition of ye Shock & about an hoiu: & a half another Considerable one. I discoursed with my family upon this loud call in ye providence of ye Lord & gave em ye best counsel I could. My son Ebenr. & Daughter Sarah were effected. While my wife & I were in our greatest Confusion & She running to ye Kitchen Chamber. I perceived ye shock to abate, but then it Came again with a greater force, & I called to her to stand still & see ye Salvation of the Lord. About this time a hand bell in our garret was set a ringing by the shake. Two bricks fell from the top of our chimneys, but the Lord pre- served us and ours from all damage. Blessed and forever blessed be his great and holy name. I soon went out and walked about. Ye night had been remarkably serene. & clear, but a considerable Cloud had lain in ye East, as it had done for a night or two before. Oh, it is a night much to be observed by me & by all people in ye land. I pray I may never forget it. May the Lord quicken me & my wife and all my people, & all his people, and may he lead us all to repentance. 20. Last night about 10 o'clock there was considerable nmibling of an earthquake but little or no shaking. 22. This evening between 8 & 9 o'clock we were alarmed again with ye shock of an earthquake. It rained. We kept up till toward 2 o'clock. Oh that I and mine could trust in ye Lord calmly. Lord, spare thy people. 1756. Jan. 8. A Day of Public Humiliation & Prayer on account of ye Earthquakes, &c. 1757. Aug. 14. Foul weather p. m, so that one could not observe the eclipse of the sun, only ye darkness. 1759. Feb. 1. Earthquake between 2 & 3 in the morning. 1761. March 12. A very considerable shock of an earth- quake, greater than I have known, except that of 1727 & '55. During the siimmer there was a long draught — no thunder storms. Oct. 24. Great wind did damage to fences and trees. Nov. 1. Earthquake this evening between 8 & 9 o'clock. 1772. March 15. Ebenezer Bridge was sick and could not send for a doctor on account of the deep snow. \ TOPOGRAPHY 641 JOHN bettey's observations. Nov. 26. 1779 the Ground was covrd. with snow and in Deer. the first portion of the month their came snow a foot deep. Then on Jan. 3rd. their came 3 foot more and so on from time to time till got to be 25 foot deep in many places. And on May 19, 1780. it was so dark for many hours that know work could be performed in house without a candle and went to dinner with a candle. This is my observation. J. Bettey. THE DARK DAY. May 19, 1780 was the famous Dark Day which filled the superstitious with terror. Nov. 2, 1819 was another Dark Day. Sept. 6, 1881, some can remember as the Yellow Day. Whittier, in "Abraham Davenport," describes the day in 1780: '"Twas on a May-day of the far old year Seventeen hundred eighty, that there fell Over the bloom and sweet life of the Spring, Over the fresh earth and the heaven of noon A horror of great darkness. ***** Birds ceased to sing, and all the barnyard fowls Roosted; the cattle at the pasture bars Lowed, and looked homeward. ***** Men prayed and women wept; all ears grew sharp To hear the doom-blast of the tnmipet shatter The black sky." A lady in Boston, it is related, sent her young son to Dr. Mather Byles to know if he could explain this terrifying phenomenon. "My dear," said the reverend gentleman, "tell your mother I am as much in the dark as she is." FROM bridge's DIARY. 1780. May 19. A very great darkness came on fm abt. ^ after nine, a. m. & lasted till between 2 or 3 p. m. It was so dark by 11 o'clock yt I could not read with my spectacles wthout a candle. We ate our dinner by candle light, such lights were to be seen in ye neighboring houses. I suppose it was occasioned by ye density of ye Clouds, wch spread over every part of ye heavens above us, & even to ye whole visible horizen, & no wind. Many people were terrified, & full of fearful apprehensions. 20. Last night there was a great & uncommon darkness for ye night as yt was in ye day time for ye day. 1782. April 12. Had a fine view of an Eclipse of ye Sun in ye middle of ye day. How manifold are yy. works O Lord. In wisdom hast thou made em all. All yy. works praise thee, O, Lord. I could not help calling to mind these passages & such like, of holy writ, and felt my soul somewt. affected wth. the thots of ye Infinite powr, wisdom & goodness of the Lord. June 18. About 5 o'clock, p. m. there was a prodigious Gust of wind wth. thunder & rain, wch passed by us & seemed for a 642 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD short space as if it would bear down all before it. Some limbs were blown off fm. a tree by my house. A great deal of this sort was done in ye trees by David Danforth's, & Josiah Fletcher's bam was blown down entirely. It seems as if it was similar to a hurricane, for it extended but a little way in width. There were other such winds in other places the same afternoon, and much damage. 1785. Feb. 25. A very great snow storm, and ye way vastly blocked up. 1786. January 1. Extremely cold. Ebenezer Bridge almost fainted in the pulpit. December 11. Roads so blocked up with snow, they could not bury the dead. 1790 July 17 A great storm, rain and hail, thunder and lightning. Wind, which did a great deal of damage. Parson Bridge's windows and those of others greatly broken by large hail stones. Rye, corn, trees, &c., greatly damaged. THE SEPTEMBER GALE. 1815. The "great blow" or September Gale, which inspired a poem by Oliver Wendell Holmes, occurred on September 18, 1815. Allen says: "The remarkable and destructive gale, experi- enced through New England, Sept. 18, upset and moved out of their place, most of the small buildings, and several bams in the Town. The barns of Mr. Samuel Marshall, sen.. Col. Bowers and Mrs. Haywood, together with a barn of Mr. Joel Mansfield, were blown down. Col. Joseph Bowers, his nephew of 16 and son of 8 years old, were wonderfully preserved. They were at work in the bam, and happened to be in the linter at the moment when it fell. They were buried under its ruins. Col. Bowers and his son were uninjured. His nephew, Milo F. Byam, had his head so badly pressed between two timbers as to start his eyeballs from their sockets; he was timely relieved, and in a few weeks recovered his health. A considerable proportion of the fruit and forest trees were broken down, eradicated, or prostrated to the ground. The wood blown down and destroyed in Chelmsford is estimated at 50,000 cords. A very large elm of 60 years' growth, before the house of Maj. Nathl. Howard, was blown down, which contained on measurement 8^ cords of wood. It was 4| feet in diameter at the ground and 14 feet in circumference." The roof was blown off the "three story" or Bowers house in Middlesex Village. The pine forest near the Dupee house at South Chelmsford was levelled with the ground. Portions of the Mansfield bam were strewn along for half a mile. A pine tree of good size was uprooted and blown along down a slope of nearly half a mile, and fetched up against the Spaulding-Hazen house. 1832. Note by Allen : This winter was remarkable for long, severe cold. Many fruit trees were killed, owing, as is supposed, to the cold weather setting in before the sap had gone down. CHAPTER XIV. GEOLOGY, BOTANY. GEOLOGY treats of the history of the earth and its life. Among the principles which it utilizes are those of physics, chemistry, mineralogy and botany. The latter science is that branch of biology which deals with plant life. The complete history of a given locality should include some account of the ground we walk upon, and of the vegetation which is so important to our welfare. The following articles on the Geology and Botany of Chelmsford were prepared expressly for this History at the request of the present writer. Map No. 9 will indicate to the reader the location of exposed ledges, glacial marks, and cskers in this vicinity. THE GEOLOGY OF CHELMSFORD. By Clarence H. Knowlton, formerly Principal of the Chebnsford High School. Numerous publications refer in one way or another to the geology of Chehnsford and vicinity. The oldest of these is Hitchcock's Report on the Geology of Massachusetts, published m 1835, which describes the Westford granite and the Chelmsford limestone. Prof. William O. Crosby, recently of the Massa- chusetts Institute of Technology, studied this area with con- siderable care, and published a very interesting map.* His descriptions of rocks and minerals are good, but many of his published conclusions have been superseded. I have also con- sulted three less technical local papers, f one of which, on Early Mining near Lowell, deserves careful reading, for it combines with Its geological facts a great deal of interesting local history. (A portion of this paper is printed in Chapter XV.) For a modem presentation of the essential facts in regard to the under- lying bedrock, I am greatly indebted to my classmate, Mr. Lawrence La Forge of the U. S. Geological Survey. There are three general classes of rocks : sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic. Sedimentary rock is composed of fragments of older rock, usually laid down in water. It usually shows layer ♦Contributions to the Geology of Eastern Massachusetts, pages 123—161, 1880 T Geological Explorations, Rev Owen Street. D. D., Contributions of Lowell Old Residents' Historical Association, Vol, IV pages 60—86. Our local Geology, Harriette Rea, do.. hnH^nf 'i^^'^n J-"";^^- . I*' y Mining Operations near Lowell. Alfred P. Sawj-er. Contri- butions Lowell Historical Society, Vol. I. Pages 316—342 644 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD structure, and often the fragments of which it is made can be distinguished. Sandstone and limestone are examples. Igneous rocks are those which have cooled from a molten mass, like lavas at the surface, or granite in the interior. When there is great pressure and heat applied to rocks, as in mountain building, strata are often bent and twisted and heat enough is generated to change the original structure, and the rock becomes more crystalline, often developing new planes of cleavage. Such rocks are called metamorphic, and gneiss, schist and slate belong to this class. All the bedrocks of this region are very, very old, running back many millions of years. The limestone is earlier than the Cambrian period of the Palaeozoic age, and is probably Archaean, and other rocks may be equally old. The age of many of the other rocks is still unsettled, for they contain no fossils and have been greatly changed by heat and pressure. The granite belongs to the Carboniferous or coal period of the Palaeozoic, and nothing except a few dikes is more recent. Mr. La Forge writes me: "In general, the rock which might be said to form the 'ground mass' of the geologic map of the area, the rock into which the other rocks are intruded, or upon which they were laid down, is a biotitic granitoid gneiss. It is in part certainly sedimentary and in part probably igneous, but it is not feasible to map the two parts separately, as they are thoroughly inter-layered, hence, presumably, the igneous parts were intruded into the sedimentary parts, which are, therefore, older. There is also another biotitic granitoid gneiss which is probably of purely igneous origin, and which may or may not be closely associated with the first mentioned gneiss. It, however, is more abundant in the towns farther south than Chelmsford, and is not extensively exposed in that town. "The lenses of limestone seem to be closely associated with the sedimentary part of the biotitic gneiss, and to be probably of the same general age. They are, as you say, greatly meta- morphosed, the metamorphism being probably due in part to the intrusion of the igneous portion of the gneiss and in part to the great deformation that the rocks have suffered. "Besides the general 'ground-mass' of gneiss, there are a number of strips and lenses of metamorphic sedimentary rock, the principal types being a biotitic sandstone or quartzite and a fibrolitic mica schist, both being more or less pyritic in many places and hence characteristically rusty on the outcrops. It is not yet certain whether these lenses and strips are of later age than the gneiss, and infolded or infaulted in it, or of the same age and interJDedded with it, and their age is, at least at present, entirely unknown. The widest and principal strip extends through Littleton, Westford, and the northern part of Chelmsford into Lowell, and southeast of it are a number of others, even as far southeast as the northern part of Bedford. GEOLOGY, BOTANY 645 "Cutting the gneiss and schists in almost every outcrop are many sheets, stringers and lenses of pegmatite and of muscovite- biotite granite, which also occurs as larger lenticular or oval bodies in several places, and forms a great mass, occupying practically the whole area northwest of the railroad from Ayer to Lowell. It is evidently later, as you say, than the other rocks of the region, and Professor B. K. Emerson has adduced pretty fair evidence that it is of late Carboniferous age, in which he seems to be correct. There are no rocks of later age, so far as I know, except a few diabase dikes." There are some exposures of this bedrock which are worthy of special mention. One of these is the bed of the Merrimack below the Pawtucket dam. Here the mica schist has developed marked slaty cleavage, so that Professor Crosby characterizes it as mica slate. The cleavage planes are nearly perpendicular, and the river has eroded enough to leave ledgy shores. At the Middlesex Street station of the B. & M. R. R., in Lowell, the cut under Chelmsford street is through mica schist, there a firm hard rock. In other places, it contains more mica, and is a rusty, cnmibly, rotten stone. In Chelmsford Centre, many of the boulders in the stone walls are composed of a much contorted mica schist, a rather firm stone. The ledges on Littleton Street, Chelmsford, and at the summit of Robin's hill are of gneiss, in which there is a great deal of feldspar, and there are many boulders of this material. On the south slope of Robin's hill, however, there is a soft pyritic schist which was formerly worked to a depth of fifty feet as a copperas mine. On the northwest side of Robin's hill is a lens of the ancient limestone, and another lies north of Littleton street. At both places the old lime kilns and quarries are easily accessible. This limestone is highly crystalline, and a large nimiber of different minerals have been found here. Among these are black serpentine, actinolite, magnesite and scapolite. One form of the latter has been called Chelmsfordite. Professor Hitchcock and Professor Crosby give good accounts of these interesting minerals. Granite is an igneous rock, and its origin is closely related to the geological history of the region. "Granite is now regarded as the product of the slow cooling and crystallization of molten, glass-like matter at a dull-red heat — matter which contairied superheated water, and was intruded from below into an overlying mass of rock of sufficient thickness not only to prevent its rapid cooling and its general extrusion at the siu-face, but also to resist its pressure by its own cohesion and powerfully to compress it by its own gravity. ***** The overlying rock mass which furnished so large a part of the pressure required to form granite has at many places been removed from it by erosive processes that operated through great stretches of time. Indeed, it is only by the removal of this mass that granite is anywhere 646 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD naturally exposed. Although this mass may have measured thousands of feet in thickness, its former presence is at some places attested only by a thin capping on the granite or by frag- ments which the lacerating action of the intruding granite has incorporated into itself."* It seems strange to us that the surface of this region was once hundreds, if not thousands of feet higher than it is today, but the presence of the granite, and the metamorphic condition of the older rocks are geological indications of this. In the Permian period, which followed the Carboniferous and closed the Palaeozoic age, there was developed a very strong stress in the earth's crust. The lateral pressure was so intense that the rocks were forced slowly up from their former positions, folded, crumpled and broken, and mountains were formed, of unknown height. All through the long Mesozoic age, the forces of nature wore down these ancient hills and mountains, until, at the close of the age, in the Cretaceous period, the land was almost leveled. Only harder masses of rock like Robin's hill and Nobscot, Wachusett and Watatic, rose above the undulating surface of the so-called peneplain, whose surface was only slightly above the level of the sea. This must have been tnily an age-long process, for these levelling agencies of nature work very slowly. At the end of the Cretaceous period, before or at the beginning of the Cenozoic age, there came a vertical uplift, which raised the peneplain to the level of a plateau, and which again set the brooks and rivers to carving out and transporting the rock material to lower levels. The old peneplain gradually disappeared, leaving as its legacy the even skyline which you see from Robin's hill. Ridge after ridge, and hill after hill, except for an occasional harder peak, have the same long level siunmit-lines. Toward the end of the Tertiary period, the land surface was much as now, except that the valleys were deeper, the ledges rougher, and the hillsides more jagged and irregular than now. The vegetation at this time, though it left few relics of itself in New England, contained many modem genera of trees. The present topography and most of the present soil have been profoundly influenced, and in many cases caused, by the great glacial invasion which came at the close of the Tertiary period. For various reasons, not yet fully understood, the summers changed in character so that snow and ice remained all summer in the ravines and valleys of the northern highlands, in constantly increasing quantities. These masses gradually became valley glaciers, which, from year to year, advanced further and further over the adjacent lowlands. As the summers became less and less effective in melting, and additional snow and ice kept forming each winter, the whole surface, even the tops of the White Mountains, finally became covered with one immense continental glacier. This mass of ice was not static, but, because * T. Nelson Dale, The Chief Commercial Granites of Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Rhode Island, Bulletin 354, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 9—10. 1908. GEOLOGY, BOTANY 647 of its own weight, uneven strains in the mass, and alternate freezing and thawing, and the pressure from huger outflowing masses in Canada, it flowed very slowly in a generally south- southeasterly direction across New England, finding its southern tennini in the ocean, and on Long Island, Martha's Vineyard, and the gravel hills of Cape Cod. This immense glacier carried along great quantities of rocks and all the original soil of the region, and worked them over like some great mill. In the lower ice were frozen thousands of rocks, which were pressed down on the underlying ledges by the immense weight above. Thus the projecting hilltops and ledges were rounded off by this tremendous attrition. The exposed ledges in Chelmsford still show this rounding, and where the ledge is hard or has not been long exposed to the weather, the scratches and grooves worn by the rocks passing over, may readily be seen. It is from these scratches and grooves that the general direction of movement has been determined. When the ice-sheet passed over valleys and low places, it usually partly filled them with the groimd-up soil and roughly- rounded boulders, often brought from many miles to the north- ward. The weight of the many thousand feet of ice above con- solidated this material into the hard-pan, or till, which underlies the surface soil in many places. This material which was pushed along under the glacier is called the ground moraine. It forms the strong rocky soil still found on the uplands. When the glacier melted, it deposited over this ground moraine most of the rnaterial it had been carrying in the ice above, so in many places this good soil was buried under coarser material. For some as yet unknown reason the ground moraine was in places heaped up under the moving glacier in large lenticular hills called drumlins, whose longer axes point in the direction of the general flow. There is a large group of these drumlins in Groton. In Lowell there are two very good examples in Fort hill and Belvidere hill. Where the glacier halted for a time on the land, there was always piled up in front of it an irregular ridge of the materials that had been carried in or on the ice. This contained many large boulders, some of them unmodified by the ice. Such a formation is called a terminal moraine, and there is no example of it in Chelmsford. When the ice retreated evenly from year to year without long halts at any one place, the material it had been carrying was left on the ground moraine beneath. Sometimes there was only a thin layer of this, and in other cases great masses, which have been deposited in irregular hillocks. The clay was washed away from this gravel by the water from the melting ice, and the stones are often as well rounded as shore pebbles. The irregular hillocks are called kames, and are of frequent occurrence in Chelmsford and elsewhere in eastern Massachusetts. Often the sand and gravel in them is in layers, as may be seen where they have been used for gravel-pits. 648 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Sometimes there are long, irregular ridges of nearly uniform height made of these water- worn materials. One of these ridges, or eskers, runs over five miles from North Chelmsford, crossing the Lowell road near Golden Cove, parallel with the old turnpike, thence running southward. Another lies between Chelmsford and Westford, and still another runs from the south part of Chelmsford down near the Carlisle pines. These were parts of a system of drainage by which the waters of the melting glacier escaped. Some of the streams flowed in ice-tunnels at the bottom of the glacier, sorting over the materials of the ground moraine, and carrying away the clay in suspension, the so-called "glacier milk." As the ice-sheet melted, the roofs fell in, bringing down a lot of surface debris, later augmented by tributary streams from the top of the glacier. When the ice melted further, the reduced stream slipped down to one side, leaving its former bed high and dry, as one of these eskers. Some of the drainage streams flowed on top of the ice sheet, with banks of ice on either shore. As they cut deeper, the rock material they found was assorted, much as by the sub-glacial streams, and they finally carved and melted their way down to the ground beneath the ice-sheet, leaving an esker ridge when the ice had disappeared. In front of the melting ice, where the slope was not too steep, the streams from the glacier spread out in a broad network, carrying vast quantities of sand and gravel, and distributing them in layers over the surface, while the finer clay, which made the water milky, was carried in suspension to the sea. There were many shallow ponds at the time, where dams of glacial debris held back for a time the vast volimies of water. In these ponds the glacial streams made many broad deltas which sometimes filled the entire pond. In some such ways as these were formed the barren sand-plains so well known in this region. So, too, were formed many of the lower plains now occupied by swamps and wet woods. Now and then, among the kames or in the sand-plains, a block of ice would be isolated from the main mass or buried in the gravel. When this melted, a depression was left in the gravel, sometimes dry today, sometimes containing a small pond. These pits are called kettle-holes or ice-block holes. Besides causing this variety of land-forms and furnishing most of our soil, the glacier, with its transported materials, upset the whole system of drainage, so carefully developed during the forming of the peneplain. The most important change for this district was in the course of the Merrimack river, which, in the Tertiary period, flowed into Boston Harbor. The glacial debris choked the old channel and forced the river into an easterly course, and, where it fell over ledges the water powers of Lowell and Lawrence have been developed and cities have sprung up. Dams of glacial debris also made Heart pond and most of the Middlesex County ponds and swamps. GEOLOGY, BOTANY 649 The muck or peat in the swamps and wet woods has all been deposited from vegetable remains since the close of the glacial period. In some of these deposits, especially at North Chelmsford and near Forge pond, Westford, the early settlers dug good quantities of bog iron ore. Water with acids in it trickled through the soft mica schists and came into the bogs charged with iron. When it met the air, the iron crystallized and was deposited, its weight bringing it into fairly compact masses. Richer deposits elsewhere have driven these humble sources of iron ore into disuse. QUOTATIONS FROM HITCHCOCK. Hitchcock, in "Geology of Massachusetts," 1841, says: In the bed of the Merrimack, from Chelmsford to Newbury, is a hard slate approaching quartz rock, which I apprehend will answer nearly as well for a road stone as the slate around Boston associated with the graywacke. [Page 211.] He mentions the scenery and cascades near the mouth of the Concord river, and the deep cut for the railroad through mica slate, (at the junction of Chehnsford and Westford streets); also the scenery at Pawtucket falls on the Merrimack: "The bottom of the stream is composed of rocks, whose ragged aspect is finely contrasted with the smooth water and beautiful banks extending several miles above the city. " [Page 280.] On page 264, he notices the exceedingly beautiful landscape, with the graceful curve in the river half a mile south of the village of Tyngsborough, (at the Chelmsford line). He mentions two or three beds of limestone, and says the simple minerals imbedded in this limestone are numerous and interesting. The most common and abundant mineral is scapolite. It occurs both crystallized and compact. The crystallized variety is most abundant at * * * Chelmsford * * *_ The crystals are sometimes transparent, more commonly opaque and white, having begun to decompose. Sometimes the crystal exhibits the primary form, or a right square prism, acuminated by four planes set on the lateral planes. More commonly, how- ever, the lateral edges are slightly truncated. Some of these crystals are one, or even two inches in diameter; though, in such cases, generally imperfect. Often this mineral is compact, and the color either white or lilac red. This red color, however, occurs also in that which exhibits an aggregation of prisms. * * * At Chelmsford, small masses of black serpentine occur in the limestone, and at Littleton also, of a lively green color. They occur also at Bolton, and form a good vert antique. Very delicate and beautiful amianthus is found in veins in the limestone, about two miles southwest of the center of Chelmsford. The fibres are sometimes two or three inches long, and resemble the finest and most beautiful while silk. [Page 564.] 650 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD The spinelle of several colors has been found at Bolton, Littleton and Acton. At Bolton and Littleton, it is sometimes red, and forms a real Balass ruby. At the same places, it is blue and hair brown, forming the pleonaste. The latter has also been found at Chelmsford, as well as Brucite, or chondrodite; and also a beautiful wine coloured garnet. * * * Rose quartz. This differs only by a shade of color from the amethyst. It would be much esteemed in jewelry were it not that it is liable to fade. Yet a faded specimen may be in a measure restored by being placed for some time in a moist place. This variety occurs in Blandford, Chesterfield, Chester, Williamsburgh and Chelmsford, but at none of these places is it particularly beautiful. [Page 185.] The granite range, extending from Cohasset and Quincy, through Randolph, Stoughton, Foxborough, &c., nearly to Rhode Island, affords much valuable stone for architectural purposes. ^ ^ :i: The stone used in Boston under the name of Chelmsford granite is found in a range of this rock, not connected with the deposit that has been described above. * * * This rock is pure granite, with no hornblends; and, being homogeneous and compact in its texture, it furnishes an elegant stone. Good examples of it may be seen in the pillars of the United States Bank, and in the Market House in Boston. These were from Westford. [Page 148.] He mentions, on page 604, quartz of a rose red color as found in Chelmsford, but is not certain that mica slate is its gangue, because he found it only in boulders, yet has little doubt that such is the fact. The limestones in Chelmsford are magnesian, and most of them are loaded with earthy impurities. The limestones of eastern Massachusetts are among the oldest on the globe. The crystaline dolomite of Chelmsford occurs in the midst of gneiss, and is frequently fetid, so as to give a strong odor when struck with a hammer. [Page 568.] The naturalist will be gratified to learn that on digging over the earth on the bank of Merrimack river, to lay the foundation of the locks of the Middlesex Canal, pine cones and charcoal were found at the depth of twelve feet from the surface, in a sound and unimpaired state; specimens of which are deposited in the museum at Cambridge. A small horn was also found at nearly the same depth from the surface, supposed to be that of a cow of two or three years old. [Allen, page 74.] Chelmsfordite is the same as Scapolite (Wemerite) and is a silicate of akiminmn with calciimi and sodium. Colors, light: — white, grey, pale blue, greenish, or reddish. Streak, uncolored. Transparent to nearly opaque. Hardness, 5 to 6. Sp. Grav., 2.6 to 2.8. Clearage indistinct. Occurs in crystals, or massive, or sub-lamellar. GEOLOGY, BOTANY 651 THE BOTANY OF CHELMSFORD, BY C. H. KNOWLTON. The plants of this region have been studied mostly by amateurs. The first of these was Rev. John Lewis Russell, pastor of the Unitarian Church at the Centre from 1839 to 1841. He was a corresponding member of the Boston Society of Natural History, and occasionally read and published papers in which Chelmsford plants were mentioned. He was especially interested in mosses. Dr. Charles Walter Swan of Lowell collected very extensively in Lowell and Chelmsford, and contributed much information for the Flora of Middlesex County, published by Messrs. Dame and Collins, in 1888. His collection is now part of the Yale Herbarium at New Haven, Conn. Emerson and Weed's "Our Trees, How to Know Them," published in 1908, contains many fine pictures of Chelmsford trees. These were photographed by Mr. Arthur L Emerson, and appear in the book as half-tone engravings. My own collecting in Chelmsford was done from 1900 to 1903, with occasional visits_ since. I have a list of 500 species which are known to grow in the Town, and there are, doubtless, over 800 species in the region, including the ferns and their allies. Most plants have certain preferences as to soil, moisture, shade and other conditions, and, therefore, may be grouped according to habitat in what are called plant societies. The Chelmsford plants, I find, naturally arrange themselves in six of these societies. These are dry woods, cleared upland, wet woods, meadows, sand-plains, and lastly, a group of cosmopolites, mainly of European origin, which grow anywhere and everywhere, and are called weeds. Most of the plants in the first five societies are native, and were probably growing here when the settlers came, though in different proportions than now. The area covered by moist and dry woods has been greatly reduced by clearing and by fires, while meadows, cleared upland and unwooded sand-plains are more extensive than originally. In general, the region belongs to the coastal belt of dry woods, sand-plains and meadows, and is different from the plateau region of Worcester County and the morainal region of Cape Cod, though all three have many species in common. In the following pages, after a general account of common and conspicuous trees and plants, I have added brief lists, giving the Latin names of other characteristic species. The dry woods are composed mainly of white oak, with occasional trees of red, scarlet and black oak. In some places, the chestnut is the prevailing tree, and white pines are abundant! Poplars, butternuts, hickories, sassafras, a few hemlocks, beeches and hornbeams, and here and there an occasional red cedar or savin, are mixed with the oaks in some places. There are a few straggling shrubs in these woods and along their borders, especially the hazel, the huckleberry and the low blueberries'. There is a little mountain laurel in remote places. There are numerous brakes, and in rocky places a number of more delicate 652 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD ferns. The ground is carpeted with dry leaves, much the same, winter and siinimer. Here, in early spring, a few May flowers may be found by those who know where to look, but the best flower of these woods is the pink lady's slipper, which blooms in late May. The other plants in the undergrowth are mostly weedy or inconspicuous. Smilacina racemosa (L.) Desf. Maianthemtun canadense Desf . Anemone cylindrica Gray. Anemone virginiana L. Aqui- legia canadensis L. Saxifraga virginiensis Michx. Baptisia tinctoria (L.) R. Br. Desmodium Dillenii Darl. Desmodium marilandicum (L.) DC. Desmodium paniculatum (L.) DC. Ceanothus americanus L. Lechea villosa Ell. Gerardia pedicu- laria L. Viburnum acerifolium L. Prenanthes trifoliolata (Cass.) Femald. Solidago bicolor L. Solidago caesia L. Cleared upland in pastures and old fields gives a chance for such woody plants as the juniper, sweet fern, blackberries, the smnachs (of which there are three kinds, the staghorn, the smooth, and the dwarf), the woodbine and the poison ivy. This last flourishes wonderfully by Chelmsford roadsides, and often develops into a regular hedge above the stone walls. The barberries also like the old pastures and flourish there. On and around Robin's hill, there are many beautiful locust trees. These are not con- sidered native in Massachusetts, but were long ago introduced from further south. Many of the plants of the dry woods, accustomed to light shade, flourish equally well in the open. The first spring flowers on the upland are the little everlastings, or "pussy's toes," followed by the dainty bluets, the blue violets and wild strawbeiTy blossoms. There is a little yellow flower like the strawberry, but smaller, which fills the drier fields and often crowds out the grass. This is the cinquefoil, of which there are several kinds, one of them with silvery leaves. Another beautiful early flower is the wood betony, which has fern-like, velvety leaves and a head of irregular yellow or reddish flowers. Robin's plantain is a late spring flower with plantain -like leaves, but the flowers are like bluish and purplish daisies. Later in the summer, there are the pink bell flowers of the dogbane, the coarse but fragrant milkweed, and numerous asters and golden-rods. In many of the pastures, there are immense clumps of garget, a fleshy broad-leaved plant, with long racemes of whitish flowers and purple berries. Newly seeded fields contain little but "English grass" and clover sowed in them by the farmers. Spiranthes gracilis (Bigel.) Beck. Ranunculus fascicularis Muhl. Potentilla arguta Pursh. Geum strictimi Ait. Linum medium (Planch.) Britton. Hypericum punctatum Lam. Viola sep- tentrionalis Greene. Ligustrum vulgare L. Myosotis virginica (L.) BSP. Lobelia spicata Lam. Aster dumosus L. Aster laevis L. Aster patens Ait. Aster vimineus Lam. Krigia virginica (L.) Willd. Solidago rugosa Mill. GEOLOGY, BOTANY 653 The sand-plains look so barren that it is hard to realize that they support a considerable number of species, some of which grow also on the dry upland. The gray birch and the pitch pine are the chief trees when the plains are wooded, and there is often much white pine. Other woody plants are two dwarf willows, two kinds of scrub oak, sweet fern and bayberry.^ In several places the beach pltmi {Primus maritima Wang.) is abundant, and the bullet-like fruit is often used to make a fine preserve. There are several characteristic grasses, two or three of which are rightly called "poverty-grass." One of these {Andropogon scoparius Michx.) is reddish and coarse, about two feet tall, and a certain sign of poor soil. Even in winter, it waves above the snow and betrays lack of fertility below. There are very few spring flowers in the sand, the bearberry and the birdfoot violets being^ the most conspicuous. Lupines are occasional, and in midsummer the red Philadelphia lily with its upturned cup. In early auttimn comes the blazing-star, a long wand with three to seven beautiful purple flowers scattered near its tip. In the most barren places there blossoms in mid-September a dcHcate, wiry annual with very slender racemes of delicate little white or pinkish flowers, the Polygonella. Then come dwarf asters, and several golden-rods. Aristida dichotoma Michx. . Aristida purpurascens Poir. Digitaria filiformis (L.) Keeler. Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Steud. Panicum dichotomimi L. Panicum Scribnerianimi Nash. Sporobolus neglectus Nash. Salix hmnilis Marsh. Salix tristis Ait. OuercusilicifoliaWang. Quercus prinoides Willd. Coman- dra urnbellata (L.) Nutt. Crotalaria sagittalis L. Oenothera muricata L. Lechea maritima Leggett. Trichostema dichoto- mum L. Asclepias amplexicaulis Sm. Aster linariifolius L. Aster multiflorus Ait. Solidago juncea Ait. Solidago puberula Nutt. In the wet woods the dominant tree is the red maple. There are mmierous trees of the very scraggly swamp white oak, and occasional elms and ashes. The tupelo or black gum is a very odd tree in such places, with a great many parallel droopmg or horizontal slender branches and smooth, shining leaves. There are tangles of horsebrier and long festoons of wild grape, bitter- sweet and clematis. In the spring comes the first flower of all the season, the unsavory skunk-cabbage, soon followed by the brilliant yellow marsh marigold or cowslip. The yellow spice- bush gives way to the shad-bushes, and a succession of other flowering shrubs, closing in August with the sweet alders and their fragrant spikes of cream-colored flowers. There are few simimer herbaceous flowers, for the shade is usually dense, but here and there the ghostly Indian pipes rise pallid from the decaying vegetation below. At Heart pond, South Chelmsford, there is a spruce swamp, filled with trees of black spruce, not a common tree in eastern Massachusetts. 654 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD The strip of alluvium along the Merrimack is rather narrow, but it supports occasional trees of red ash, and, in some places, the ragged-barked red birch. The lower Merrimack region is the only place in New England where this peculiar tree is native. Leersia virginica Willd. Peltandra virginica (L.) Kunth. Calla palustris L. Allium canadense L. Clintonia borealis (Ait.) Raf. Trillium cemuum L. Epipactis pubescens (Willd.) A. A. Eaton. Carpinus caroliniana Walt. Impatiens bifiora Walt. Aralia racemosa L. Rhododendron viscosum (L.) Torr. Oro- banche uniflora L. Rhus Vernix L. The meadows and open swamps have a very large number of species. For v/oody plants, there are alders and willows, with rhodora and many straggling shrubs from the wet woods. In the wettest places there are great clumps of ferns, with the royal fern and its kindred dominating, and in midsummer great masses of native grasses and sedge. Here grow the white violets, and the long-stemmed blue violets, the early yellow parsnip and the pale magenta geraniimis. There are anemones and yellow star- grass, and later, two kinds of iris — the common blue flag and the slender, grass-leaved iris from the coast. But the rarest meadow flower is the scarlet painted-cup, which blooms about May 30. This was reported by Rev. J. L. Russell in an article published in 1841, as "very common in meadows." Late simimer brings out a large array of coarse flowers, conspicuous among them the tall swamp coneflower, from which the "Golden Glow" developed. There are wild lettuces, beggar- ticks, the parasitic dodder, thoroughwort, nettles, vervain and loosestrife, with occasional plants of the brilliant cardinal-flower. There are many swamp asters and golden-rods, and mmierous vigorous growers which help to make dense masses of vegetation in every place where moisture is abundant and the black mucky soil furnishes plant food. Woodwardia virginica (L.) Sm. Ophioglossimi vulgatum L. Leersia oryzoides (L.) Sw. Panicum agrostoides Spreng. Pani- cum clandestinum L. Carex folliculata L. Smilax herbacea L. Myrica Gale L. Salix pedicellaris Pursh, var. hypoglauca Femald. Thalictrum polygamum Muhl. Sarracenia purpurea L. Drosera rotundifolia L. Viola lanceolata L. Viola pallens (Banks) Brainerd. Viola primulifolia L. Viola cucullata Ait. Rhexia virginica L. Cicuta bulbifera L. Cicuta maculata L. Vaccinium corymbosum L. Gentiana Andrewsii Griseb. Gen- tiana crinita Froel. Menyanthes trifoliata L. Chelone glabra L. Gerardia paupercula (Gray) Britton. Aster novae-angliae L. Aster novi-belgii L. Aster paniculatus Lam. Bidens laevis (L.) BSP. Senecio aureus L. Solidago neglecta T. & G. Solidago rugosa Mill. GEOLOGY, BOTANY 655 There are a great number and variety of weeds in eastern Massachusetts, as every farmer and gardener well knows, and Chelmsford has no shortage of these troublesome plants. The broadest definition for a weed is "a plant out of place," but certain plants are so habitually out of place that, in cultivated ground, they are always classed as weeds. Such are the witch-grass and several annual grasses; the nettles, smartweeds, docks and pig- weeds; the chickweeds, purslane and the mustards; the ragweeds, daisies, thistles, burdocks and dandelions. The buttercups, of which Chelmsford has at least three kinds, seem to belong in this class, too. One rare weed which fills at least one field in South Chelms- ford is the ragged robin. It is as tall as the grass, with a delicate pink flower, the petals curiously ragged. The elecampane is a big, sturdy weed, with large leaves and a round, yellow head, at least two inches across. Most of the weeds came from the Old World, where, from centuries of resistance against agriculture, they seem to have developed qualities which insure their success. Some of them are so fleshy that they die very slowly; many of them grow close to the ground where they are not easily disturbed, and almost all of them produce thousands and thousands of seeds. In addition to these cosmopolitan weeds, a large number of strange waifs have appeared from time to time. Some have come up in the waste of the city, as the canary grass and millet have frequently done, but the strangest plants have come to the North Chelmsford woolen mills. Separated from the foreign wool, the seeds have sprung up when the wool -waste was spread on the land. Rev. W. P. Alcott reported a large number of these aliens in the Middlesex Flora, and Miss Emily Fletcher of Westford has also studied them more recently. These plants do not seem to have liked oiu" soil and climate, and, so far as I know, only two species have really spread enough to be considered a permanent part of the flora. These are a prostrate grass with prickly burs, and the beautiful purple loosestrife (Lythrum Salicaria L.) along Stony brook and the Merrimack. Other weeds of some interest are the following: Eragrostis megastachya (Koeler) Link. Eragrostis minor L. Cenchrus carolinianus Walt. Mollugo verticillata L. Berteroa incana (L.) DC. Solanum nigrum L. Centaurea nigra L. CHAPTER XV. MANUFACTURING. A PAPER on "Early Mining Operations near Lowell," by Alfred P. Sawyer, Esq., published in Vol. I of the Contributions of the Lowell Historical Society, is of special interest, as being closely related to the subject of this chapter. After describing the first blast-furnace in this country at Saugus, and the early iron-works at Concord and elsewhere, he says: "The ore used in all these early iron- works was the hydrate oxide of iron, which was found as a deposit in many of the ponds, and also in the swamps and meadows in eastern Massachusetts. It is known as limonite, from the Greek word for meadow, and its common designation as bog ore or bog iron ore accurately describes it. The early settlers discovered that if the deposit was removed, the iron-bearing springs or streams would form a new deposit within twenty or thirty years. Sea-shells furnished a sufficient flux for smelting it with charcoal, and the product was a fairly good iron, although on account of the phosphorus present it was generally only fit for castings. "The quantity of bog ore in and around Chelmsford early attracted attention, and the Town Records show that "At a Gen'll Town meeting, march the 4th, 1706-7, Jonathan Richardson and John Richardson had granted the Liberty of erecting Iron works upon Stony brook with the conveniency of flowing provided it Damnifies none of the inhabetants." "The location of this iron -works is unknown, but, if the valley of Stony brook between North Chelmsford and Forge Village was once a lake, as has been claimed, the presence of the bog ore in the valley is easil}'' explained. "Probably the Chelmsford grant was nearly contemporaneous with the furnace or forge started by Jonas Prescott at the outlet of Stony Brook pond, which became known as Forge pond, and the settlement as Forge Village, now in Westford. He was the grandson of John Prescott, who, with four others, settled Lan- caster in 1647, naming the town after their native county in England. John Prescott was a blacksmith and millwright. A grist-mill built by him in 1653, and a sawmill which he built in 1659 and operated, stood on the site of the Bigelow Carpet Company's mill in Clinton, and another mill which he built in Harvard in 1667, he gave to his son Jonas. MA N UFA CT URING 657 "The word blacksmith in those days was a broad term descrip- tive of a worker in the baser metals. As John Prescott brought with him from England his coat of mail, helmet and armor, which he used in the early wars, it is entirely probable that, whether cavalier or puritan, he was an armorer as well as blacksmith, and could make and repair armor, tools, and weapons, as well as perform the himible occupations of his calling. He was one of the petitioners for colonial license to erect iron-works in Lancaster and Concord, and, according to Nourse, in his Annals of Lancaster (1884), he planned a bloomery in connection with his sawmill at Clinton. Slag and cinders, such as accttmulate at a forge, were to be found at this place, bounded, as described in the grant to him in 1657, "by the east end of a ledge of Iron Stone Rocks southards," but, as this was so near the date of the construction of the Concord iron- works before referred to, it is probable that this pioneer made use of the bog ore which was used in these early furnaces. "His son Jonas built a mill at Forge pond by vote of the Town of Groton passed June 15, 1680, after the resettlement of the town following its destruction by the Indians in 1676. It was near the "warre" (wier) purchased by the Town for twenty shillings from Andrew the Indian. As Jonas Prescott followed his father's craft, he undoubtedly had a forge and used the bog ore found below his location on Stony brook. The property passed to his son of the same name, the above grandson of John Prescott, who enlarged the works and erected forges for manxifacturing iron from the bog ore which he brought from the northern part of Groton. The product of this forge was known as "Groton iron," and was brittle and not of good quality. This iron-works con- tinued in operation until 1865 under the control of the descendants of the first Jonas Prescott. The last of that name who carried on the business, Jonas Prescott, who died in 1870, was the owner, in 1863, of forty shares of the Forge Company. The Forge Village Horse Nail Company, organized January 5, 1865, purchased the property and put in machinery for making nails. Its capital stock was $30,000, which was increased in 1868 to $100,000. The officers were John T. Daly, president, John F. Haskins, secretary, and Alexander H. Coryl, treasurer. The business was carried on successfully for several years, but was closed in 1877, In October, 1879, the buildings and water power were purchased by Abbot & Company, of Westford, who conveyed the same, in 1900, to the Abbot Worsted Company. "About the year 1823, William Adams, who owned much of the land in the Newfield section of Chelmsford, including the bed of Newfield pond, brought these deposits to the attention of General Sheperd Leach, who was then carrying on an iron and foundry business in Easton, where he owned seven furnaces, as shown by the tax lists for that year. 658 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD "This pond originally contained nearly one hundred acres, and its surface was about thirty feet above the level of Stony brook, although it discharged its water into Deep brook through an outlet at the north end of the pond. Mr. John Richardson owned a mill on Stony brook, and at a Town Meeting held May 25, 1709, it was voted, "That John Richardson shall have the Liberty of Drawing of the pond called New-field pond to suply his mill with Water; and shall have the benefit of said pond to the high-water mark." Acting presumably under this authority, although Allen in his History gives the date of the incident as in the year 1700, Richardson commenced the construction of a canal through the sandy embankment which separated the waters of the pond from the valley of Stony brook. The workmen had completed about two-thirds of the excavation, when the waters of the pond burst through the bank, sweeping away a negro workman named "Jack," Vv^hose body was never recovered. The pond became a swamp partly covered in time with a heavy growth of wood, and producing a long meadow grass which was cut and used in packing the products of the Chelmsford Glass Works, which were estab- lished at Middlesex Village nearly a centiiry later. "Mr. Adams conceived the idea of filling this breach in the bank of the old pond, and by bringing the waters of Stony brook to it by a canal from West Chelmsford, to fill it to its original capacity, and by means of a canal from this reservoir, to utilize the whole fall. In 1824, General Leach purchased about nineteen acres of land in the village of North Chelmsford from Mr. Adams, together with the bed of Newfield pond and the land necessary for the construction of the canals. The canal from West Chelms- ford was made, the pond, then known as Leach's pond and now called Crystal lake, was filled, and its waters conducted through a canal which he dug to his land in North Chelmsford. There he erected a blast-furnace near the present location of Moore's mills, and obtained the power to operate his works and the ptunps which supplied the air for the blast-furnace, from two breast- wheels forty feet in diameter which were fed by the water from his canal. The first iron was produced at this furnace in 1825. Much of the bog ore used in the beginning of this enterprise was obtained in Chelmsford and the neighboring towns, and was brought in by the farmers with their own teams. Some of it is known to have been found in the Redshire meadows near North Chelmsford, and some of it came from Dunstable and Groton. Nason, in his History of Dunstable, (1887), says: "Good bog- iron ore is found on the farm of the late Jasper P. Proctor, about one-half mile southeast of the center of the town. About half a century ago this ore was carried to Chelmsford and worked up to advantage." Shattuck's Historj^ of Concord, (1835), states that, "Bog iron ore is found in abundance Several tons of this ore have recently been carried in boats from this town to the furnace in Chelmsford, and it is said to produce good castings." MA N UFA CT URING 659 "Limestone from the quarries near Robin's hill served as a flux, and the charcoal used in smelting this bog ore was made by General Leach in four circular kilns, which were in existence until the number two Moore mill was erected, and large tracts of land were stripped of their wood which was converted into charcoal for this use. Many castings, especially heavy gears, were made at these works for the mills in Lowell and other manufacturing cities. "After the death of General Leach in 1832, the property passed into the hands of his brother-in-law, Captain Lincoln Drake, of Easton. He added a cupola furnace about 1842, and carried on the business until 1849. He was succeeded by Williams, Bird & Company, and in 1858, George T. Sheldon, who was a brother- in-law of Charles T. Bird of that firm, purchased the property and organized the Chelmsford Foundry Company which still (1908) conducts the business. "As the deposits of native ore became exhausted, the works used iron from other sources, some of which came from the Katahdin iron works in Maine, and, with the red molding-sand from New Jersey and other supplies, was brought up the Middlesex canal. Under the management of Captain Drake, the works employed about forty men. "It is somewhat noteworthy that all the successive owners of this plant. General Leach, Captain Drake, and Messrs. Bird and Sheldon, were from Easton, then an important iron town, where it is claimed the first attempt in America to manufacture steel was made by Eliphalet Leonard, about 1775, in making firearms. "These early iron works, which drew their supplies of ore from Nature's laboratories in our Massachusetts ponds and swamps, served well the needs of the early colonists, and stand as monu- ments to the energy, ingenuity, and resourcefulness of those pioneers of the great iron industry of today." After an extended account of the Dracut Nickel Mine, and reference to the Carlisle Copper Mine, Mr. Sawyer continues: "Another early mining enterprise was the "Copperas Mine," as it was called, in Chelmsford. It was located on the southerly slope of Robin's hill, and is said to have been worked to a depth of over fifty feet. Very little can be learned about it, as the mine probably has not been worked for over one hundred years, and it is now filled with stones and other refuse matter. It is said to have yielded a dark, rotten rock of greenish hue, from which copperas was obtained, which was locally used in the tanning and manufacture of leather. There were eight or ten tanning vats by the small brook on Bartlett street, in Chelmsford, a larger number in Westford, and several vats in Acton, which created a demand for the product of this mine. The material taken out, if we may judge of it from the name given to the mine, was probably partially decomposed or weathered iron pyrites, which by oxidation and other natural processes produced copperas. 660 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD By simple artificial imitative processes, this mineral would yield the ferrous sulphate commercially known as green vitriol or copperas. "The Chelmsford limestone quarries before referred to are worthy of mention in this connection, for the caves and tunnels from which the limestone was removed warrant treatment of the subject as a mining enterprise of olden days. "Massachusetts possesses large deposits of limestone in the western portion of the state, but many small deposits of good quality have been found in this vicinity. The lime used in early colonial building was made from sea-shells, and, being the carbonate of lime, was free from impurities. In 1697, limestone was dis- covered at Newbury by Ensign James Noyes, and caused great excitement. As many as thirty teams in a day came to carry it away, until a town meeting was called to prevent the spoliation, and it was stopped by the sheriff. This may have been the first attempt in this country at conservation of our natural resources. "The Bolton limestone was discovered about 1736, but it is not known when limestone was first found in Chelmsford. The lichen covered walls of schist and gneiss, the trees which have grown in the partially filled excavations, and the general appear- ance of the surroundings would indicate that the Chelmsford deposits were worked at as early a date as those at Bolton. It is said that the "pigs" of limerock turned up by the plow in the cultivation of the land, led to the discovery of these deposits' in Chelmsford. The principal quarries were on the westerly slope of Robin's hill, and on the other side of the valley of Beaver brook, westerly of the Littleton road. The caves and grottoes from which the limestone was taken in the latter locality and the ruins of the old lime-kilns are still objects of interest. It took a week or ten days to burn a kiln of lime, and required much skill and care. The making of lime added much to the business of the town, as the kilns used a large amount of fuel, and the coopers were kept busy making casks and barrels for the transportation of the lime. In Allen's History of Chelmsford (1820), it is said that 'in the southwest part of the town, is a bed of limestone, of an excellent quality, extending two miles northeast. It has five kilns upon it, and from which are annually drawn, about a thousand hogsheads, which may be estimated at $5 per hogshead.' "Professor Edward Hitchcock, in his Geology of Massachusetts, written in 1839, groups the beds of limestone in Acton, Bolton, Boxborough, Carlisle, Chelmsford, and Littleton together, because of their similar mineral characteristics, and describes them as white crystalline limestones, highly magnesian, and almost destitute of stratification, placed between highly inclined strata of gneiss. He even classes them as dolomite, and believes them to be among the oldest on the globe. He says the rock is usually very much mixed with foreign minerals, such as scapolite, serpen- MA N UFA CT URING 661 tine, compact feldspar, etc., and that none of the beds are of any great extent in the direction of their strata, nor is their width more than a few yards in any case. "He gives the following analysis of the Chelmsford limestone: Carbonate of Lime 56 . 52 Carbonate of Magnesia . . . . 39.38 Peroxide of Iron .90 Silica, Alumina, etc 3.20 100.00 "He states the specific gravity as 2.85, and the per cent, of quicklime, 31.65. On account of the large percentage of magnesia, the mortar made with this lime was harder and whiter than that made from lime which was purer. It was of good quality, and was used in the construction of many buildings in Chelmsford and early Lowell. It is said that the mortar made with it is so strong and clings so tenaciously, that bricks laid in it are not worth cleaning. Part of a ceiling made with this lime recently fell to the floor in an old Chelmsford house without fractiire. The woods in the vicinity of the kilns were in time so cut ofif as to greatly increase the cost of burning the lime, and the low priced lime from Thomaston, Maine, was brought up the Middlesex canal and undersold the Chelmsford product in its home market. Mr. Henry S. Perham, who was engaged in writing the history of Chelmsford at the time of his decease, states in the History of Middlesex County, that David Perham, who was his grand- father, operated the largest lime-kiln in Chelmsford and continued the business until 1832. The manufacture of lime at Bolton was carried on as late as 1861. "Although most of these limestone deposits have been exhausted, and none of the quarries have been worked for many years, they are well worth visiting to study the geological story they so plainly reveal, and to acquire a fuller realization of the value of these deposits to the colonists. Lime was a very import- ant article in their day, when the only source of supply was in the shells to be found on the seashore, and their search for lime- stone was exceedingly thorough. Professor George H. Barton says that in all his geological explorations and field-work in eastern Massachusetts, he has never found a limestone deposit of any size which had not been worked in former days. "These old quarries are rich in the variety of minerals which they contain. At Bolton may be found actinolite, allanite, apatite, boltonite, calcite, chondrodite, petalite, phlogopite, pyroxene, sahlite, scapolite, spinel, and titanite, and other rarer minerals. Many of these may be found in Chelmsford, which also possesses a mineral of its own, a variety of wernerite called chehnsfordite, and amianthus is also found there. Some geologists 662 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD think they have found in the Chehnsford limestone the fossil of the earliest form of life, the eozoon canadense, while others vigorously oppose this view, and declare the supposed fossil to be nothing but a minute discoloration in the stone. Whatever it may be, it is clearly perceptible as a small green speck or stain imbedded in the white limestone." Two early industries are mentioned by Mr. Perham: In 1673 (Feb. 3d), the following action was taken by this Town: "the day above, by a major voatt was granted to farther the Iron-works that they shall have for 2d. a cord leave to cutt wood acording to former agreement." There is no further record in regard to iron-works at so early a date. It probably refers to works near the outlet of Forge pond, then in Groton. The people in the east part of the Town were accommodated by a grist-mill upon the Concord river at what is now North Billerica. The following vote refers to the mill at that place: "7 of March, 1721-2. Voted that the Selectmen in the name of the Town Petition to the Hond General Court that Mr. Christopher Osgood's mill Dam may be speedily erected again." Osgood's grant from the Town of Billerica was in 1708. In 1794 a map or plan of the Town was made from a surv^ey by Frederick French. From this map it appears that there were at that time two sawmills and one corn-mill on the Merrimack river at Pawtucket falls ; one sawmill and one set of iron-works on Concord river near its mouth; one sawmill on the canal near where it emptied into the Concord river; one clothier's mill ; one saw- and grist-mill upon River Meadow brook : these were all within the limits of the present City of Lowell. A grist- mill and sawmill are shown upon Stony brook, at what is now North Chelmsford; a grist-mill on Beaver brook at the centre of the Town, and one on Great brook (then the Adams mill). Hale's clothier's or fulling mill, built in 1790, stood just below where Gorham street crosses River Meadow brook. The other mills on this brook were above Gorham street. The iron -works mentioned were carried on by John Ames and John Fisher, and were situated on the Concord river at Massick falls, near Ames street, which was named for John Ames. His son, Nathan P. Ames, according to Mr. H. S. Perham, introduced many improve- ments in the works. Allen says: "hoes, and shovels are manu- factured, and various kinds of curious work done and irons for machinery cast." N. P. Ames possessed great mechanical skill, an enterprising spirit and an inventive talent of high order. In 1829 he removed to Chicopee. There was a bridge over the Concord at the iron-works, and an old road, which lead from Tewksbury, may still be traced running to it from the junction of Rogers and High streets. The bridge and adjacent buildings were burned, probably about 1820. MANUFACTURING 663 THE CENTRE VILLAGE. As has been elsewhere noted, Chelmsford has always been in the main an agricultural town, with a few stores, blacksmith shops, saw- and grist-mills, and other industries, like Marshall's woodworking shop, commonly found in such communities. Of late years, there have come into being a ntmiber of greenhouses, and market gardening is a growing industry. The Chelmsford Directory gives the names of 131 farmers. The oldest settled part of the Town, Chelmsford Centre, is now fast becoming a place of residence for people who have their business or employ- ment in Lowell, and many attractive houses have been built. The distance is traversed by the steam cars in eight minutes, and by the trolley cars in twenty minutes to the B. & M. Station in Lowell. Express trains nm between Lowell and Boston in thirty- eight minutes. The opening up of new residential districts, such as the Homestead and the Westlands, in the Centre Village indicates the character of its development. The history of manufacturing at the Centre Village is brief. In 1887, a brick two-story machine shop was erected by Mr. John B3/iield, for the manufacture of knitting machinery. Busi- ness was commenced in January, 1888, under the name of the Byfield Manufacturing Company. Mr. Byfield withdrew from the firm, and occupied the upper story for the manufacture of knit goods, under the name of the Beaver Manufacturing Com- pany. This building was burned in 1893. In 1901, the Chelms- ford Spring Company rebuilt the structiu"e and used it for manufacturing Ginger Ale and other such beverages. The build- ing was again burned in 1912, and replaced by a modem fireproof structure of reinforced concrete. C. G. Armstrong is no'w the sole proprietor, and has built up a growing and prosperous business. Eben R. Marshall has a sawing and planing mill in the Centre Village. About 1840, a Mr. Butterfield owned the blacksmith's shop at the Centre. In 1842, N. P. Dadmun and Eben H. Marshall owned it. It has since been operated by John Wosencroft, Wil- kins, David Policy, Henry Hanson, George M. Wright and F. W. Santamour. In 1845, Mr. Marshall built a shop at the comer of South street and Warren avenue, which was enlarged by his son, Eben R. Marshall. It was burned in 1893, and the same year the present shop was built on the same lot, where all kinds of house finish are turned out. F. J. Whittemore has a carriage manufactory and repair shop. Nearly forty years ago an attempt was made to manufacture glass on the Homestead, which proved not to be a success. Specimens of the work done there, such as paper weights of varied hues, are preserved as souvenirs. 664 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD A business closely related to the fanning interests has been the manufacture of cider vinegar. David Perham began to make a specialty of that in connection with his farming in 1840. The business constantly increased. In 1872, he sold to his son, Henry S. Perham, of the seventh generation from John Perham, who first settled upon this farm in 1664. From 3,000 to 5,000 barrels of cider are made annually from apples brought to the mill from this and adjoining towns. About 20,000 barrels of apples are now made into cider at this mill. Walter Perham succeeded his father, Henry S. Perham, who died in 1906. The late Israel Putnam was also largely engaged in this business. The Perham Farm Vinegar is made by the natural process, and has a high reputation. The Eclipse Chemical Manufacturing Company makes indelible inks and aniline dyes, with a business of $30,000 or more per year. R. B. Barbour is the proprietor. Mention is made, on page 52, of a mill on Beaver brook. There may still be seen at the bottom of the Paasche lot on the north side of the railroad track by the mill pond at the Centre Village a wheel pit, and an old sluice-way ninning low on the south side of the track. This, no doubt, belonged to the Parker mill at the upper dam. The mill was removed to the lower dam within the memory of persons living twenty-five years ago. The entrance to the mill at the upper dam was through what is now Bridge street at a point just west of Forefathers' cemetery. In the late forties the mill was owned by Mr. Roundy. In 1857 Joseph Steams sold to George S. Wood, and in 1864 the transaction was reversed. For about twenty years the Chelmsford Mill Company, consisting of David Perham, Levi Howard, Benj. M. Fiske and E. K. Park- hurst, carried on the business. David Perham sold the mill to Edwin E. Dutton in 1884. He operated it in partnership with his brother Lewis M., until 1899, when it was sold to H. C. Sweetser. The firm name was for some years, Sweetser and Day. George W. Day is now the owner. The grist-mill was burned and rebuilt in the early years of its ownership by Mr. Wood. The Adams mills, on Great brook (see page 35), later known as Russell's mills, is still used to some extent as a sawmill. The present dwelling house on the property was built in 1816, and, with about 100 acres, is owned by H. P. Swift. On the same water course, just beyond the present Carlisle line, on the estate of J. C. Wetmore, were built by the Adamses about seventy-five years later than the former mills, some prosperous mills, almost every vestige of which has now disappeared, but about which were erected dwellings so numerous as to be called "the city." A niimber of cellar holes are still to be seen there. There was also, on an adjacent hill, a stone structure known as the "fort," where the people repaired on an alarm of an expected attack by the MA N UFA CTURING 665 Indians. At the old mill site there is a fall of water of twenty feet or more, and the old sluice-way and remains of the water wheel, with the surrounding scenery, make it a romantic spot. Mr. Wetmore's deed includes the right to use the water for power. [For other early industries see pages 483 to 491.] THE NORTH VILLAGE. The early mills at North Chelmsford are described in Chapter I. Waldo's mill must have been erected earlier than 1695, for in a deed from Thomas Hinchman dated Dec. 2, 1692, of land lying upon Stony brook, one line runs "to Stony brook a little below the place where Mr. Dl. Waldo's mill first stood," the "place called Suneanassitt." [Note in Mr. Perham's copy of Allen.] Referring to an account of the grist-mill, quoted on page 52, Allen says fiirther: Other improvements deserve notice. The run of stones designed principally for com has a small fanning wheel, fixed near the mouth of the shoe, to which motion is com- municated by a band from the stone, and which impels a current of air against the grain, as it falls into the eye of the stone, and blows ofiE chaff and other light substances. The bottom of each of the shoes of the other runs of stones is a tin sieve, through which fall sand, sorrel seed and other impurities in the grain which is to be ground. These improvements deserve the attention of all millers. The Merrimack Manufacturing Company bought this mill to secure the right of fiowage by the erection of the dam at Paw- tucket falls. It was sold by the Merrimack Manufacturing Company to the Locks and Canal Company, who leased it to different parties until 1839, when it was sold to Lincoln Drake. In 1842, Lincoln Drake sold to Charles Blood. In 1845, Charles Blood sold one-half to William Swett, who, in 1848, sold his half to Joel Paige. In 1861, Edward Lamson, J. E. Rogers and Warren C. Hamblet bought the mill. From 1695 to this time the privilege had been used for grinding grain and sawing lumber. Between the years 1863 and 1868, the sa^vmill was taken out, an additional story put on the sawmill building and the mill utilized for grinding and storing grain for a grain store in Lowell. A spice- and drug-mill was also introduced, where drugs were ground for J. C. Ayer & Co., for the compounding of their medi- cines. Large quantities of gypsum were ground at one time during their occupancy of the mill. For a short period a portion of the room was occupied in the manufacture of worsted yam by Sharp & Axtell. Later the mantifacture of hosiery was carried on for a time. In 1868 James C. Dodge bought the mill, and in 1871 sold one-half his interest to John G. Sherburne, using it largely for milling purposes in connection with a grain and flour store kept by them in Lowell. 666 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD From 1872 to 1882 the premises were occupied by Gray, Palmer & Pendergast, for the manufacture of shoddy, who turned out some 250,000 pounds of shoddy a year, being very successful financially until the dissolution of the partnership in the latter year. After the removal of the shoddy business in 1882, the mill remained practically idle, the buildings going to decay and the dam rotting and being washed away, until 1887, when Mr. George C. Moore bought the privilege, and in 1888 tore down the old grist- mill part, and in 1889 removed the last of the dam, building a substantial wall on either side of the brook from the bridge to the original site of the dam, using them as abutments for a railroad bridge, and occupying the remaining building for storage purposes. In the foregoing account of Early Mining Operations is recorded the development of the iron industry by William Adams and others, until the organization of the Chelmsford Foundry Company. In 1888 a shop, eighty by forty-four feet, and two stories high, was erected in connection with their foundry for the finishing and fitting up of their cast and wrought iron work. An addition, sixty by thirty feet, one story high, was erected in 1890. They also occupied a shop in Boston and another in Cambridge for the same purpose. In their foundry and shops, in the several places, they employed about 150 hands. From 1825 many heavy- castings were made for the mills erected in Lowell, Nashua and Manchester, especially in the line of heavy gears, until the burn- ing of their pattern-house in 1875. The stone-ore, pig-iron, hard coal, sand and other materials used in a foundry were brought from Boston to North Chelmsford in canal-boats, by way of the Middlesex Canal and Merrimack River, till 1853, when the canal was given up. The boats were "poled" up from the head of the canal into the pond below the grist-mill dam, and the freights transferred to carts and conveyed to the places of their use. Castings were frequently sent to Boston by the same route. Mr. E. D. Bearce and Mr. H. W. B. Wightman were prom- inent in the management of this industry. The Chelmsford Foundry Company went out of existence in 1913. October 11, 1912 was the last day they poured. In this account free use has been made of Mr. Perham's sketch in the History of Middlesex County. Swain's Machine-Shop. — In 1867 Mr. Asa M. Swain, having purchased the site of an old saw-mill on the road leading from North Chelmsford to Dunstable, built a substantial dam across Blodgett's Brook (called in the early history of the town Deep Brook), and erected a shop, 80 x 43 feet, one story high, for the manufacture of a first-rate water-wheel, invented by himself, and known as Swain's turbine-wheel. This shop was run about ten years, affording work at one time for twenty men. It was given up about 1877, and came into the possession of Dr. Simpson, MA N UFA CTURING 667 remaining unoccupied till 1889, when it was taken down and the lumber removed. This shop was known as the Wickasauke Works. Its ruined foundation still remains. Baldwin Mill. — A mill was erected for the manufacture of worsted yam and carpets in 1841, and a company was afterwards organized as the Baldwin Manufacturing Company, which was very successfully operated for several years, until near the close of the war, when, with many similar companies, they failed. The property came into the hands of Mr. G. H. Sheldon and remained idle for some time, until he sold it to Mr. George C. Moore, who uses it in connection with his business. Moore's Mill.— In 1872, Mr. George C. Moore, then a young man, bought of G. T. Sheldon the old foundry on the northerly side of the passage-way leading from the Lowell road to the old turnpike, near the brook, with the water privilege, except certain rights previously sold and certain rights reserved by Mr. Sheldon. Machinery was put in and wool-scouring was at once commenced. In 1875 he erected a brick mill, 100x70 feet, three stories high. A part of the building was rented to Mr. Richard Rhodes for the manufacture of worsted yam, and wool-scouring was carried on in other parts. Oct. 25, 1875, this new mill, just completed, together with the old foundry boarding-house, foundry carpenter's shop, ware-dressing shop, pattem-shop and counting-room was burned. A temporary wooden building, 100x40 feet, one story high, was soon erected and wool-cleansing restimed. In 1877 a new brick mill, 220x70 feet, one story high, was erected, covering the temporary wooden building, so that wool-cleansing was not intermpted during the rebuilding. In 1885 an additional brick building, 140x76 feet, two stones high, was erected at the easterly end of the one-story building. In 1888 a second story of brick, 120x70 feet, was put on to the easterly end of the one-story building, and a brick building, 45x56 feet, two stories high, was added to the easterly end of the mill, for a machine-shop and a carpenter's shop. The lower story of the two-story mill, 260x76 feet, was used for sorting and drying wool, and carding and combing wool. The second story was used for spinning worsted yam and for a counting-room. In 1890 the old walls of the westerly end of the one-story building were tom away, and a new building, 100x70 feet, three stories high, erected, to increase the facilities for cleansing wool. The worsted mill about 1890 was producing 16,000 lbs. of worsted yam per week, mostly from camel's hair. It had facilities for cleansing 30,000 lbs. of wool a day. The pay-roll contained 170 names. On January 19, 1909, this building was partially bumed, but it has been rebuilt. Today, 1915, twenty-five million pounds of wool are scoured annually in the scouring-mill of Mr. George C. Moore, who owns all the water privilege from North Chelmsford to Graniteville, 668 kHISTORY OF CHELMSFORD seven miles, including sixteen hundred acres. He owns half of Forge pond, which he raised three feet at a cost of $35,000. He also owns Nabnasset and other ponds. The power on this water way has been increased four times in thirty years. Mr. Moore raised a mile of the Stony Brook Railroad six feet and profited thereby four times the cost in the increased height of the water. Mr. Moore owns more than eighty tenements in the North Village. The North Chelmsford Machine & Supply Company, for- merly the Silver & Gay Co., and at one time, known as Gay, Silver & Co., claims to be the oldest established industry in the Town of Chelmsford, and, as such, merits an extended notice. Established in 1832, it has continued in operation ever since. The first authentic record of transfer is recorded in the South Middlesex registry at Cambridge, book 332, page 130 under date of May 22, 1834. This deed sets forth in detail that Lincoln Drake, of Easton, "in consideration of the stim of $4,000.00 before the delivery hereof well and truly paid by Ira Gay of Dunstable in the county of Hillsborough in the state of New Hampshire, Gentleman, the receipt whereof I do hereby acknowledge, have given, granted bargained and sold, and by these presents do hereby give, grant bargain, sell, alien, enfeoff, convey and confirm unto the said Ira Gay his heirs and assigns forever, the several pieces of land, buildings, water power, and rights of way hereafter described, lying and being in the Town of Chelmsford in the County of Middlesex which were recently a part of the estate of Shepherd Leach, late of said Easton, Gentleman, deceased." The deed then proceeds to describe in legal terms the Machine Shop, Air Furnace and other details about the property, and stipulates that with the real estate is included, "also a water power sufficient to carry 1,000 spindles such as are now used in the Hamilton Mills at Lowell for spinning cotton yam nimiber fourteen with the requisite machinery for converting cotton into cloth running at the same speed as those spindles and that machinery now run which water shall be taken from the canal conducting the water to Drake's Furnaces," etc., etc. In 1838, a deed from Lincoln and Caroline Drake, signed, sealed and delivered in the presence of Daniel and Caroline Belcher as witnesses before Ebenezer Adams, Esq., conveyed to Ziba Gay of Nashua "three undivided fourth parts of several pieces of land together with water power and rights of way over the road between the Middlesex Turnpike and the road leading from Adams' Tavern to Lowell." In 1841 Ziba Gay deeded to Harvey Silver "one undivided half of all the lands, buildings, water power, rights of way, etc., included in the previous deeds to said Ziba Gay." Under date of Dec. 13, 1859, there is recorded a deed from Stephen Fairbanks to Harvey Silver of "one undivided fourth MA N UFA CT URING 669 part" of a piece of land "upon which the machine shop, so called, stands." This deed contains the same provision previously noted in regard to power sufficient to drive 1,000 spindles, etc. On December 26, 1859, "in consideration of $15,000 to me paid by Ziba Gay, Jr., of Chelmsford," Ziba Gay of Nashua deeded to the said Ziba Gay, Jr., "one undivided half of all and singular the several parcels of land, buildings, water power, rights, easements, privileges, goods, fixtures and chattels, known and described as the 'Machine shop and Air furnace.' " This deed contains a clause referring to "The right granted me in the said deed (of one Seth Williams) to use and occupy in common the Railroad side track for the purposes for which it was designed." In 1892, Mary E. Gushing and Edward H. Silver deeded "one undivided half of all the machine shop property" to Ziba Gay. This deed refers to the property as the Machine Shop and Air Furnace, and also contains the provision that the amount of water used shall be sufficient to drive 1,000 spindles such as were used in the Hamilton Mills in 1838, together with the requisite machin- ery for converting cotton into cloth at the same speed as then run. In 1898, the entire property was purchased by George C. Moore, who operated it under the name of "The North Chelmsford Machine Co." until February, 1905, when it was incorporated together with the North Chelmsford Supply Co., a manufacturing company organized in 1897 for the purpose of manufacturing leather belting, leather comb aprons, brushes and general mill supplies, also owned by George C. Moore, under the name of the North Chelmsford Machine & Supply Co. The corporation was capitalized at $50,000.00, with George C. Moore, treasurer, H. Stanley Crysler, president, and Henry Woods, secretary. April 27, 1901, the old building was partially destroyed by fire. The burned portion has since been replaced by a more modern building better suited to the needs of present day manu- facturing. The output of this corporation has a wide distribution. In almost every state in the union, where textile manufacturing is carried on to any extent, may be found machines made in this shop. Their machines are in use today in Venezuela, Scotland, Ireland and Canada, as well as in the United States. The principal articles manufactured at present are automatic ball winders, yarn quillers, jack spooling machines, reels, wool scouring machinery, wool openers, leather belting, roll covering leather for worsted, jute and flax mills. Steel fallers for the same trade, worsted comb aprons and brushes and special machinery of any kind to drawing or pattern. This shop was one of the first, if not the very first in America to manufacture worsted yam machinery. Some of the spinning frames built here are still running, and from all outward appearances are good for many years more. 670 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD The automatic ball winder for winding twine, yam, silk, etc., was originated and perfected here, and by far the largest part of all the material outside of binder twine and tarred twines used in this country are being wound on Silver & Gay bailers. They were the originators of, or at least among the very first to make, machinery for the manufacture of split pins, or cotter pins, and many samples of the work they did in this line are still to be seen at the shop. Among many other machines originated or perfected at this shop, may be mentioned the following: Bolt cutters, baling presses, bundling machines, doublers, drills, dynamometers for measuring power. One of these machines is used by the United States Government for measuring and determin- ing the amount of power transmitted in the various shops at Annapolis. Also hydraulic presses and pumps, gear cutters, Jacquard looms for the weaving of carpets, engine lathes, planers, pickers, openers and lappers, roll covering machines, saw mills, slabbers, yam twisters, skein winders, wire winders and many other kinds of machinery are made here. The present buildings consist of a three-story brick main building with three-story wooden wing, and one-story boiler house with forge shop attached, also a pattern shed and pickling house of wooden construction. The business employs between fifty and sixty men, and has run with very little interruption and no serious trouble since its beginning in 1832. The Silesia Mills, belonging to the United States Worsted Company, is the largest establishment in Chelmsford, and has twenty-five acres of floor space. George C. Moore sold this plant to the Moore Spinning Company for $1,600,000 about the year 1902. They sold it in 1912, to the United States Worsted Company for $3,000,000. The Wm. P. Proctor Company was organized as a corporation under the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in 1905, and piu-chased the site of its present plant on the north side of Middlesex Street, in North Chelmsford the same year. It began building operations in the fall of 1906, but it was about two years before the plant was put into active operation, employing about twenty-four men. At the present time, 1915, about seventy-five hands are given employment by this corporation. It manufactures box shooks and house finish, and deals in all kinds of building material, wood and kindlings. It is also equipped for sawing logs. The Stanhope Manufacturing Company make tinsel yams and binding twines, lace yarns and crochet cottons. Chelmsford has good railroad facilities. The New York, New Haven & Hartford (Old Colony System), runs through South Chelmsford and the Centre, connecting at Lowell with the Boston & Maine. The double track line of the Boston & Maine Railroad from Boston to Concord, N. H., skirts the shores of the MA N UFA CT URING 671 Merrimack river, with a station at North Chelmsford. The Stony- Brook Branch serves the people of West Chehnsford, and connects at North Chelmsford with the main line. A private track runs to the big granite quarries of H. E. Fletcher & Co., at West Chehnsford. Upwards of two miles of side tracks serve the various manufacturing industries located at North Chelmsford, mostly on the Stony Brook road. About 700 cars per month are used in receiving and forwarding the commodities of manufacture- A business of less than $1,000 a month in 1890 has grown to $12,000 per month at the present time. The Bay State Street Railway has a double track from Lowell to North Chehnsford^ where connections are made for Ayer and Tyngsborough. Another line runs to Chehnsford Centre. About the year 1900, the principal industries of North Chelmsford were George C. Moore's mills, where wool scouring and spinning woolen yams were employing probably 300 hands; the Chelmsford Foundry Co., conducting a business in heavy ornamental cast and wrought iron for building purposes, employing about 100 hands, and the Silver & Gay Machine Shop, manu- facturing textile machinery, such as spinning frames, loopers, ball winders, etc. The electric car line connecting the village with Lowell had been in operation five or six years at that time, and this connecting link was beginning to make a change in the conditions of life in the village from what it had been for years past, for the industries had depended largely upon the local residents for employees. The accessibility to the city through the improved means of trans- portation has caused the village to grow rapidly in manufacturing and residential buildings. Within the last sixteen years, many changes have taken place in all lines of public activity. Moore's Mills have changed hands, and are now called the Silesia Mills of the U. S. Worsted Co. The former owner, whose name the mills bore, George C. Moore, has erected new mills slightly up stream on the Stony Brook Railroad, principally for wool washing and spinning. Part of this mill has been occupied for six or seven years by the Lowell Textile Co., which manufactures towels. One industry which is of considerable importance to the village, is that of the Boston Ice Co., which has ten or twelve large ice houses which it fills from Crystal lake, giving employ- ment to hundreds of hands for a short time each winter, with steady shipping during the simimer months to the Boston market. Many improvements have taken place in the village con- ditions within the last few years, the State Highway known as the Princeton Boulevard from Lowell, having been completed and connected with the New Hampshire State Highway, makes this a main artery for automobiles traveling north to the White Moun- tains and other points of recreation. 672 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD The proposed State Highway along South and North (or Centre) streets through the Centre and North Villages will make a direct route from Boston to New Hampshire. THE SOUTH VILLAGE. The South Village is a quiet farming hamlet, not unlike many in New England, with church and school and store, whose stillness is broken only by the locomotive. D. P. Byam manufactures sleighs and sleds. For an account of the manufacture of the first lucifer matches see page 595. The Daniel Gage Ice Company has ice houses at Heart pond. THE EAST VILLAGE. The East Village seems to be absorbed into the City of Lowell, yet, unlike the city, it has no manufactories. THE WEST VILLAGE. Ninety years ago, there were only three houses in West Chelmsford, including Westford Comer. One street ran through it from North Chelmsford to Westford. The nearest way to the Centre Village was by a bridge across Stony brook near Brook- side. Soon after 1820, Deacon John Farwell from Fitchburg, an en- terprising scythe maker, with an old-fashioned family of smart boys and girls, rented the Farrar house, one of the three mentioned, bought land and the water privilege upon Stony brook, built a factory, and carried on a lucrative business for about twenty years, making scythes. He and his son each built a dwelling house, as did George Messenger, one of Farwell's employees. Elias, brother of George, a brick mason, built his house of brick. The village was known as Farwell, until after the building of the railroad, and it was also called Scythe Factory Village. From 1,500 to 2,000 dozen scythes were turned out annually, from which was realized from $15,000 to $20,000. In the spring of 1844, Deacon Farwell gave up the business to his sons and son- in-law, who, two years later, sold the real estate to Lincoln Drake of North Chelmsford, and removed the machinery to Fitchburg. Drake sold to F. T. Sawyer, who sold a half interest to Christopher Roby. Roby, Sawyer & Company refurnished the plant and manufactured scythes. The factory was destroyed by fire, but was soon rebuilt. In 1853, Mr. Sawyer retired, and the business was then conducted under the name of C. Roby & Co. The market for these goods was largely in the Southern and border States, and when the war broke out, in 1861, this company found their trade destroyed, and, in addition to that, suffered the loss of most of their goods which had been shipped during the previous winter. PLAN OF CHELMSFORD CENTRE IN 1856 >^^-'''^^^s^^-MbL No. 40 THE i;keat klm at the putnam farm, chelmskokd centre. SEE page 698 MA N UFA CT URING 673 The company now ceased to manufacture implements of peace, and proceeded to furnish implements of war. They manufactured swords and sabres until 1865, when the company closed up its affairs. The Hiscox File Company purchased the scythe works, and engaged in the manufacture of files and machine knives. They discontinued business about 1888. In 1830, a dam was built above the scythe factory pond by Mr. Nathan Oliver, assisted, perhaps, by his brother, Samuel Oliver, of Lowell. They sold the water power and land to the "Chelmsford Company," by which a mill was erected for the manufacture of worsted yam. Mr. William Calvert was the superintendent for several years. When the financial depression of 1857 came on the mill was closed. After a time, it was purchased by Isaac Farrington, of Lowell, who resumed business. It was burned, 1863, but was at once rebuilt. Business was continued by several parties until 1883, when it was again destroyed by fire, and was never rebuilt. The last operators of these mills, called the Eagle Mills, were T. H. Tyler and his successor, M. L. Heery. Trains on the railroad through West Chelmsford began running July 4, 1848 ; soon afterwards, a post office was established, relieving the citizens from the inconvenience of going two miles to North Chelmsford for their mail. John Goss, road-master on the Boston and Lowell Railroad, was the first station agent. Captain C. Roby, Frederick T. Sawyer, associated with him in the scythe business, and William Calvert, of the Chelmsford Woolen Mills, were active in having the post office established, and the name of the place was changed to West Chelmsford. David Simons was the first postmaster. In 1852, Captain Roby was appointed postmaster, and continued in that office for thirty-four years. CHELMSFORD GRANITE. The H. E. Fletcher Company's quarries have furnished granite for the First National Bank of Boston, part of the Albany State Capitol, about twenty stories of the Bankers' Trust Company building in New York City, for the Camden Court House in New Jersey, for the Presbyterian church in Savannah, Georgia, for the base and approaches to the post office at New Orleans, for the Frick mansion, and many other residences on the North Shore, for the lower story of the new wings of the State House in Boston, and also many miles of curbing and paving for New England towns and cities. The granite for the lower portion of the Forsyth Dental Infirmary in Boston also came from these quarries. 674 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD From Geo. P. Meirill's "Stones for Building and Decoration:" "It was not, however, until early in the present century that granite began to be used at all extensively in and about Boston, when the material was introduced in considerable quantities by canal from Chelmsford, thirty miles distant. It was from Chelms- ford stone that was constructed in 1810 the Boston Court-house; in 1814 the New South Chiu"ch; and about the same time the Congregational house on Beacon street; the old Parkman house on Bowdoin square; University hall in Cambridge; and in 1818-19 the first stone block in the city, on Brattle street." It is stated in the "Fletcher Genealogy" that Gardner Fletcher, in 1822, engaged in the stone business in Chelmsford, which he carried on successfully for twenty years. He furnished the columns for Quincy Market in Boston. In 1837, there were seven air furnaces in Chelmsford, and one glass manufactory; the product of the latter was valued at $30,000. There were thirty hands employed; one scythe manu- factory, having a capital of $10,750, and employing twelve hands, one machine shop employing twenty hands, one hat manufactory, producing hats valued at $32,500. The population was 1,613. The following occupations are represented in Chelmsford, as shown in the directory: Architect, 1; Automobile Repairing, &c., 4; Bankers, 3; Binding Twines, 1; Blacksmiths, 4; Boarding Houses, 7; Boat Livery, 1; Boot and Shoemakers, 4; Box Mfg., 1; Brick Mfg., 1; Builders' Finish, 1; Markets, 2; Carpenters, 14; Carpet Yam Mfg., 1; Carriage Mfg., 1; Cattle Dealer, 1; Chemical Mfg., 1; Cider and Vinegar Mfr., 1; Clergymen, 8; Coal and Wood, 2; Concreter, 1; Contractors, 5; Doors, Sash and Blinds, 2; Dressmakers, 6; Druggists, 2; Electrician, 1; Embalmer, 1; Express Companies, 3; Farmers, 131; Fish Dealer, 1; Florists, 1; Funeral Directors, 2; Furniture Mover, 1; Garage, 1; Gardeners, 3; General Stores, 6; Grain and Feed, 2; Granite Dealers, 6; Groceries, 5; Hotel, 1; Ice, 3; Ice Houses, 2; Insur- ance, 1; Junk, 1; Justices, 8; Landscape Gardener, 1; Laundry, 2; Lime and Cement, 1; Limiber, 6; Machine Mfg. and Repairs, 1; Market Gardeners, 9; Masons, 2; Markets, 2; Milk Dealers, 9; Notaries Public, 5; Nurserymen, 2; Nurses, 5; Leather Belting, 1 ; Painters, 4; Physicians, 6; Plumbers, 2; Poulterers, 11; Press Bagging Mfg., 1; Printers, 2; Produce, 1; Provisions, 5; Quarry- man, 1; Real Estate, 2; Restaurants, 2; Roofers, 3; Saw Mills, 4; Sled Mfg., 1; Soda Water, 1; Tailor, 1; Teaming, 6; Tea Dealer, 1; Tops and Noils, 1; Towels and Crashes, 1; Variety Stores, 7; Veterinary Surgeon, 1; Vinegar Mfg., 1; Well Driver, 1; Worsted Yams, 1. CHAPTER XVI. RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS. THE FIRST PARISH. FOR an account of the early days of the First Parish, and of Mr. Fiske and Mr. Clarke, see pages 15-29, and 65-71. Biographies of other early ministers will be found in Chapter XIX. For an account of the first meeting house, see pages 20 and 47. The old meeting house was repaired in 1701-2, but was fast approaching a state of decay. Here are some items from the Town accounts. 1701 June ye 3d These are to order you [Comet Nat. Hill] the said Treasurer to pay the Townes Depts as foloweth : To Comet Hill for nailes and Boards used about the meeting Hous £ 0: 3:0:0 To Comet Hill for Drink 0: 1 :2:0 To Sargt Samll ffoster for the Decense of ye meeting House. [Decence is an obsolete word for decency.] 1 :18 :0 :0 To the Glaziers for mending the glass about the meeting house & for nailes 0:11 :8:0 After Mr. Clark's death, various ministers preached, as will be seen from the following: 1705 June 24 To Lef tenant William Fletcher Town Treasurer pray pay thes folowing siuns: To Deckon Spaldin for A companig Mr. Stodard To Chelmsford and for Keeping ministers horses 5 wekes 0:10:0:0 To Comet Hill for Minesters Entertainment at sundrey times 1:10:0:0 To yourself for four jomys tow Ipswitch one to Cam- bridg one To Wobom To Acompany Minesters to preatch with us 2 : :0 :0 To Deckon Spalding for mony paid to Mr Broadstreet . 0:12:0:0 To yourself for mony Lent the Towne : 4 :0 :0 To Muster Goodhue 17: 0:0:0 To Leuetenant William Fletcher to entertaining Mr Goodhue 5: 0:0:0 To John perham Senor for pastering Mr Goodhues hors :16 :0 :0 To Mr hanckkuk 2: 0:0:0 To Mr cuttler 1 : 0:0:0 To Mr fox 1 : 0:0:0 To Mr Thatcher 3:12:0:0 676 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD In 1700 the Town accounts show this item: To Eyeing the Coshin for the pulpet £2 :1 :0 :0 In 1763, Colonel Stoddard received a vote of thanks for giving the Town a "Gushing" and also a ntimber of Psalm books. There was a box to lay the burying cloth in; also boxes to keep the cushion in, and the Town's stock of powder, &c. Mr. Bridge mentions the "paul holders." The "burying cloth" is several times mentioned. In 1701, Cor. Stephen Peirce, tailor, made a burying cloth, and received £0 :2 :6 :0. In 1703, there was an article in the Town Warrant to buy a burying cloth. In 1794, Major John Minott gave SIO to pay for a new burying cloth. 1773, Sept. 2, it was voted to sell all the old Communion vessels, flagons, dishes and tankards, and to purchase new ones. In 1702, the meeting house was repaired "both withoutside to keep out rain and snow, & also withinside such Inlargement as may be needful & in perticular a long table from one allee to another." In 1705, Moses Barron was allowed to build a stable near the meeting house. The petition "for the meting hous to be sit in the senter of the towne" was not granted. A committee was chosen "to draw a few lines and send to Mr Thatcher." The Rev. Messrs. Goodhue and Thatcher both declined to become the minister of Chelmsford. The Rev. Messrs. Willard, Brattle and Mather were con- sulted in regard to a man for that offlce. Messrs. Esterbrooks, Barnard and Broadstreet preached. In 1706, there was a day of prayer with the elders of the neighboring towns, and a public Town Meeting was held for the election of a minister. The Rev. Samson Stoddard was ordained July 25 of that year. THE MEETING HOUSE OF 1710-12. 1710. March 30. Voted to build a new meeting house in Chelmsford where the old meeting house stands. There was an attempt made some years previously to change the location of the meeting house to Chestnut Hill, near the geographical centre of the Town, which had some advantages, but was not favored by a great number. Sept. 19. It was voted by the inhabitants of Chelmsford an non-concurance to those petitioners that petitioned for the removal of the meting house to the Centre or that they may be dismist acording to thar pitition. It was also voted to choose a committee to consider the Bigness of the new meeting house, which it was decided should RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS 677 be "fifty towfoots in Length and forty tow foots in Brodth and twenty four foot Between Joynts, 25 foot spar, and a terit to hang the Bell in." Voted to choos a Comity of five men to drar up proposals how the meting hous voted to be bult in chelmsford shall be finished and ofred to the toune. Lent. Adams, Sergt. Jonathan Richardson, Moses Barron, Ephraim heldreth, Edward Spaulding are chose a comity for that purpose. Voted a concturence to the Comitys proposalls in all things as to finishing the meting hous which we have agreed to build in chelmsford except the stepell. Committee for carying on the building: Jonathan Richardson, Wm. Fletcher, Corprell Wm. Fletcher, Moses Barron, Moses Barit Senr. The Town voted to give £330. of money and the "ould meting hous" and the raising of a new meting hous, for the erecting and finishing a new meting hous, the old house not to be defaced until the new be fit to meet in. Lieut Adams, Jonathan and John Richardson, Lieut, fletcher a committee for letting out and carying on the work, "to be raised by the last of June next and to be finished by June come twelve month folowing." The money to be paid, ^ at the raising and ^ at the finishing of the house. Stephen Richardson of Wobum "shall be sought unto to be helpfull as to raising our meeting hous with his implements proper as to such an employe." The Town stores (military, &c.) were removed from the old building when it was demolished. To Mr. Hill innholder for the select mens expense and the County's expense at thare three severall meting about the meeting hous £2: 1 :10 To Ambrose Swalow for macking 20 spickes and furells for Raising the meting hous 0:13: 4 To Sargent Saml Foster for Deceasencey in the meting hous 1:18: To the select men for tending the Genorall Cort to macke answare to the petitioner about the siting the meting hous, &c 2:3:0 1712 The Town voted that Mr. Stoddard shall have a pue for the euse of his family at the Westerle Comer of the meeting hous and the said Stoddard relinquisheth his right in the ministerial pue. Voted that there be an aley from the south Dore of the Meeting hous to the Decons Seate. Voted that the coving of the meting hous shall be Paid by the Town and those that have given by subscription shall have thare money again. To Mr. Stoddard for the Coving £2:15:3 To Sundry persons that gave towards the coving of which thare is a list 3 : 4 :9 678 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD 1712. July 1, the Town accepted the building, and a com- mittee was chosen to seat the new meeting house : John Richard- son, Sergt. William Fletcher, Capt. Joseph Adams, Ephraim Hildreth, Sen., Joshua Fletcher, Jr. Voted that the eldest persons shall be seated in the foremost seats and likewise that there be a moderate regard to estates in seating the meeting house. To the Comitys expence to [John] Perhams [innholder] that seated the meeting hous £0 : 8 :8 Dec. 12 It was voted that Col. Tyng, Capt. Bowers, Capt. Baron, and Lieut. Jonathan Richardson shall have the Liberty and Benefit of making pues in that vacant Roome on the East side of the Pulpit in the new Meeting house, to the East window. 1713. .John Bates shall have Liberty to buld a pue in the north-west corner of the Meting hous Provided it Dont Damnifie the Aley. Capt. Adams made motion for a Pue in the south side of the meeting hous. 1713. To Jonathan Bowers for Mr Roby's preaching £1:5:0 To William Fletcher for Mr Coton's preaching 1 : 0:0 To Moses Barron for the hier of Mr Coton's horse : 5 :0 To Jonathan Barit for fetching Mr Coton to preach : 5 :0 1714 . . To Jon. Bradish for mending the glass in the meeting house :14 :0 1719 Stephen Peirce, Senor, and several inhabitants of the Neck have liberty to build a stable near the meeting house. Also Left. Adams, Ensign Snow, Zach Emery and Thomas Barrett. In this meeting house the men sat on one side and the women on the other. There was a men's gallery and a women's gallery, also men's stairs and women's stairs. Samuel Adams bought pew-room in the gallery over the men's and women's stairs. June 20. 1729 Voted that the last bell shall be rang exactly at ten of the Clock on Sabath day mornings yearly. Voted that the time allowed between exercises on Sabath dayes be two hours from the furst day of March to the Midle of October, and from the Midle of October unto the first day of March be one hour yearly. 1736. Left. Joseph Parker erects a pew in the S. W. comer, and another in the S. E. part near the women's door. 1737. Col. Jonas Clark erected a pew in the meeting house near Col. Tyng's pew. Voted in Town Meeting that all heads of families direct their families to be orderly in their going out of their seats in the meeting house on Sabbath days after public worship. 1738. Mr. Gookin preached five Sundays. Mr. Chandler, Mr. Parker, Benj. Bowers and Joseph Underwood also preached during Mr. Stoddard's "weakness and inability." His death occurred August 23, 1740. RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS 679 1740, Oct. 23 was a solemn fast. Committees of the Town and Church were appointed to take the advice of the neighboring ministers in regard to settHng a new minister. Mr. Thomas Bridge was invited to preach. The Rev. Ebenezer Bridge was ordained May 20, 1741. 1753. The meeting house was repaired by clapboarding with spHt pine clapboards, new window frames and sashes were made, and the house new glazed. Micajah Morrill of Salisbury was employed to glaze it, and received for his services £12. 1755. For three months from April 7, Deacon Ebenezer Gould taught the first singing school in Town, and received £1.12.0 la\vful money per month. 1762. An elegant folio Bible was presented to the church by Joshua Henshaw, Esq., of Boston, to be read publicly by the minister on the Lord's days. It was printed in 1739. If the practice of reading the Scriptures publicly should cease by vote of said church, the Bible was to go to the minister to be used by him and his successors. The Bible was newly bound in 1812. 1766 To Mr John Robbins providing stones for Building the New pound £6.13.4 To James Dunn for Laying up the Stones for the New pound £2. 13 .4 To Joseph Adams Junr. for Timber for the Gate of the pound £0 . 4.0 1766 To Joseph Adams for hemp to make the Rope for the Meeting house Bell £0 . 1.7.3 To John Barret for makeing a Rope for the Meeting house Bell £0 . 1.0.0 To David Danforth for mending the totmg of the meeting house Bell and the Latches of the meeting house Doors £0 . 2.4.3 1768. The town treasurer was to receive 12 shillings for the old iron which came off the Top of the Meeting house. 1769 for providing leather to line the Gushing in the meeting house £0 . 5.0.3 1771 To Mr Benjamin Walker for mending a Loock to the meeting house door £0.1.0.0 1776. The Town voted for "Queresters" or "Persons to Tune the Salm on Lords Days:" Deacon Ebenezer Goold, Mr, Joseph Emerson, Reuben Goold, John Freeland, Jonas Pierce, Thomas Davis, John Robbins, William Fletcher, Jr. Voted that those persons that are made choice of to tune the Salm on Sabbath Days, and others that may be Desirous to Joyn in singing may have seats by them selves. Voted that those persons made choice of for singing shall have the Liberty of the second seat in the front gallary for that purpose. This privilege was obtained with difficulty. The people were fearful of dangerous innovations. 680 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD In 1777, Thomas Thatcher preached here, and Jonathan Smith in 1789. In 1779 Ebenezer Gould, Samuel Marshall, Phinehas Cham- berlain, and Joel Barrett were chosen to practice reading in the meeting house on the Lord's Day between meetings. THE MEETING HOUSE OF 1792. In 1784, some began to agitate for a new meeting house, and plans were drawn. The next year the vote was 73 to 7 in favor of the old site. In 1789, it was voted in Town Meeting not to have the Town "sentered," i. e., not to have the meeting house placed at Chestnut hill. In 1790, it was voted to build a new meeting house 54 feet square. This was changed to 63 by 46 feet, and in 1792 the final decision was to have it 64 by 48 feet. There was to be a projection 12 feet in length and 23 inches wide. The windows in the gallery were to be "Simecurcle." There was to be a steeple, and a "vain or wheather cock on the top of the speir." The under- pinning was to be of hewed stone two feet above the ground. While this was building, the meetings were held in the hall at the tavern of Oliver Barron. There was to be one tier of pews round the gallery, and two rows on each side the broad alley, and 52 square pews on the floor, each 6>^ by A.}4 feet in size. They were to have bannisters, and were not to be painted. The cushion on the new pulpit was covered with baize which cost 10 shillings. The whole trimming for the pulpit cost £15. It was voted that the Town raise £400 and the old meeting house and the pews in the new, except the minister's pew, for building the new meeting house. 1791. Voted, 62 to 45, not to have the new meeting house in the center of the Town, i. e., at Chestnut hill. The sum of £300 was voted for the new building to be built "on the hill where the old meeting house now stands." Parson Bridge records in his diary : 1791 , May 15. Preached all day but omitted reading by reason of the pulpit being so wet after the rain. "January 2, 1792. [The Town] Voted to chuse a Committee to establish the writing with those persons that shall undertake to buld the new meeting house." 1792. March 11, Mr. Jacob Coggin preached the last two Sundays and received £2. Mr. Bridge died Oct. 1 of that year and the Town chose a committee "to hier preetching for the futer." Among those thus engaged were Daniel Marrctt, Alden Bradford, Mr. Kimball, and John Tappen. 1793. The Town voted not to hang the old bell in the new meeting house, and £110 was appropriated to "purtich" an English bell of seven hundred weight and hang the "saim." RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS 681 The Town voted not to abate the taxes made against the Baptists for building the new meeting house. May 13, 1793, the Town invited Hezekiah Packard to become pastor of the church. In his letter of acceptance, which was read to the church and congregation by the Rev. Caleb Blake of Westford, he says: "The kindness, hospitality and friendship which I have so largely experienced excite and deserve unfeigned gratitude, and your invitation presented me by the committee of Church and Town I think it my duty to accept. And may he who presides over the assembly of the first-bom pour upon us his richest blessings, under the cultivation of divine grace may we enjoy the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace." Mr. Packard was ordained Oct. 16, 1793, with £200 settlement and £100 a year. In preparation for the ordination, a committee was appointed by the Town to take proper measures that order be kept in the meeting house on the day of ordination and that the meeting house be secured against "ingury." It was propped. It was ordered by the selectmen that Oliver Barron, Town Treasurer, should receive out of that part of the Town's money that was raised for the support of the Gospel ministry the following sums, viz. for two barrels of Cyder he provided for the use of the Council at the ordination [of Mr. Packard] £0:15 :0:0 1796. To Isaac Chamberlain for iron and labour he did in fixing waits on the meetinghouse bell 2 : :0 :0 and for making a fraim to set the crisning bason in ... 0:16:0:0 1797. The Town appropriated $400 for the support of the Gospel ministry. In 1815, the amount was $500. The Town voted to give consent to have the meeting house bell rung at twelve of the clock in the day, and at nine in the evening, at the expense of those who desired it. In 1800, the Town voted not to hier a singing school-master. An article was read to see if the Town will give any encouragement to those persons that are disposed to learn the art of singing, that the singing may be carried on in good order in the meeting house. At the next meeting $40 was appropriated: the Baptists to draw their equal proportion. At that period the singing was congrega- tional, and was often very poor and tended not to edification. Mr. Packard resigned July 5, 1802, and preached his valedic- tory sermon, August 1, from Rom. 15: 1, 2, 3; after that the following ministers preached: Perez Lincoln, Elisha Clapp, Samuel Veazie, Mr. Stone, Joseph Kidder, Messrs. Sawyer, Mcllen, Blood, Thompson, Ballard and Richardson. Rev. James Thompson declined the Town's invitation to become pastor. The Rev. Wilkes Allen accepted a call. The Town gave him $333.33 settlement and $500 a year. He was ordained Nov. 16, 1803, and his pastorate closed the third Sunday in October, 1832. 682 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD A committee consisting of Mr. Saml. Howard, Genl. Ebenezer Bridge and Capt. Jonas Pierce was chosen to confer with Mr. Allen about the time of his ordination. Another committee consisting of Capt. Josiah Fletcher, Wm. Adams, Esq., Capt. John Butterfield, Ichabod Gibson and Capt. Jonas Pierce was chosen to cause provision to be made for that event, and to prop and secure the meeting house. Another committee was chosen consisting of Mr. Azariah Spaulding, Lt. Daniel Procter, Mr. Josiah Parkhurst, Lt. Jonathan Snow, Capt. Saml. Stevens, Mr. Joseph Spaulding, Lt. Joseph Parker, Adt. William Bridge, and Mr. Joseph Warren, Jr., to attend the doors of the meeting house and keep order on ordination day. Mr. Owen Emerson and Mr. Isaiah Parker were added to this committee. In 1806, it was voted to enlarge the singers' pew, "so as to convenience the instruments." The meeting house was painted and new pews built. 1814. Upon the recommendation of the General Court, a resolution was adopted in Town Meeting that all good citizens exert themselves to cause all persons to conform to the laws of this Commonwealth providing for the due observation of the Lord's Day. 1816. $100 was appropriated for the purpose of singing. 1818. Major Josiah Fletcher and others requested that a meeting house be built in the easterly part of the Town. A meeting was appointed to consider it, but only two persons attended. STOVES. 1819. Cyrus Baldwin and others desired to have one or more stoves with funnels set up in the meeting house at the Centre. The article was dismissed. The next year, at the request of Moses Hale and others, liberty was granted to place a stove in the meeting house in the middle of the Town, under the direction of the selectmen as to the place where it should stand, on the condition that it be no expense to the Town. In 1822, a stove was bought by the Town for the Centre meeting house, and one for that at Middlesex Village. Prior to this, footstoves and live dogs were used to mitigate the cold in the pews. 1819. The Town opposed the petition of Phineas Whiting and others to be set ofif to the West Congregational Society of Dracut, but the next year it was allowed. [See page 475.] 1820. Horse-sheds, as at present, were built on the site of old ones. In 1826 the Town appropriated $150 for a singing school for the benefit of the three religious societies: the First Parish and the Baptists, and the Second Parish at Middlesex Village. RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS 683 1828. The First Congregational Society changed Watts' Hymns for Dabney's Collection. The former were used part of the time for a year, and then laid entirely aside. The Town consented to the request of Maj. Joseph Fletcher and others to allow the Rev. Wilkes Allen to preach in the northerly part of the Town one Sabbath in three, provided he consents thereto. 1829. James Pitts and others put an article in the Town Warrant to see if the Rev. Wilkes Allen would exchange with ministers of other denominations. The First Congregational Society expressed themselves as well satisfied with the course of Mr. Allen as to exchange of ministerial labors. 1830. The Town voted that Mr. Allen be given six Sundays off instead of two which he had never taken, but had statedly supplied the pulpit for twenty-five years with great fidelity and in a manner highly satisfactory to the Society. The Universalists were allowed to use the meeting house on these six Sundays — the fourth of every other month. SEPARATION OF CHURCH AND TOWN. 1830. The money granted by the Town for the support of the Gospel Ministry in the First Congregational Society was now to be assessed on members of that Society only. This marks the separation of Church and Town. The latter soon ceased to have any concern in the support of religion. Each religious society took care of its own affairs. March 1, 1831, the Parish voted to choose all necessary or Society officers distinct from the Town officers and that hereafter this society will transact its business in parish or Society meetings. They declined to accede to the request of the First Universalist Society "that they may occupy the meeting house a portion of the time on the Sabbath for public worship." The next year they were allowed to use it two Sundays in each month. Dr. John C. Dalton was chosen clerk; Capts. Otis Adams, Caleb Abbott and Alpheus Spaulding were chosen assessors; Benjamin Chamberlain was chosen treasurer; Joel Adams, Esq., Capt. Caleb Abbott and Maj. Joseph Manning were chosen a standing committee. Sept. 26, 1831, the Rev. Wilkes Allen declared himself satisfied with his last year's salary, $400, and was willing to accept whatever the parish felt able to give for the coming year, and would make no demands on the parish for Arrearages. At a parish meeting, Sept. 22, 1832, the Rev. Wilkes Allen, requested that the civil contract existing between him and the Society be dissolved. The following letter was read: 684 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD "Chelmsford, Aug. 20th, 1832. To Joel Adams Esq., Caleb Abbott, Esq., Majr. Joseph Manning, Gentlemen : I have received your note of the first of Augt. informing me that you have given permission to the Universalist Society to occupy my meeting house the 2d. Sabbath in every month till next March to the interruption of the regular worship of our society. I improve this occasion to communicate to you, and through you to the Congregational Society the result of my long and solemn deliberations upon the various circimistances and subjects connected with my relations to them as their pastor. I duly appreciate the many and unequivocal proofs of kindness and attachment to me, which the society have manifested through a course of nearly thirty years. I also approve and applaud their firm and persevering support of public instructions of religion thro the many painful changes which have taken place in the Town during that period & under many disheartening circum- stances in which the Society has been often placed ! And nothing but the hope and confident belief that some other person will better unite and be more useful among them could induce me to meditate a separation from them. I reflect with pleasure on the regular & direct course you have pursued in asserting and maintaining the great object of Christianity & on the good spirit of forbearance & love & Candor, which has marked all your transactions, & I devoutly hope that brotherly love & Christian sympathy will be continued among you, & unity of sentiment & feeling which have uniformly existed between us will remain with us through life, as the pledge & earnest of a better inheritance beyond the grave." He then refers to his relinquishment of part of his salary and to his being called on to pay taxes contrary to agreement, and says some consideration should be made, because of his giving up his salary and the use of the parish lands, to which he had a legal claim for life. The parish agreed to pay him $500, i. e., the proceeds of the ministerial lands for three years, and the remainder at the expiration of that time. The parish expressed regret at his leaving, and resolved that the manner in which he had discharged his ministerial labors and duties had been highly satisfactory. THE GLEBE SOLD. March 1, 1834. Voted to sell the Ministerial land. Mr. Hayward was to pay $70, one year's rent, for the Ministerial land. This land was sold at public auction in April, 1834, in four parcels. To Wm. Fletcher & Son one parcel $408.57 Amos Carlton " " $401 .05 Benj. T. Obear " " $161.30 Azariah Proctor " " $ 89.30 $1,060.22 RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS 685 Rev. Messrs. Hildreth. Eeles and John Lewis Russell sup- plied the pulpit. The latter deelined a calh The Rev^ Wm. Crews o' Salem accepted Feb. 17, 1836^ He d|cd >n 1838. Rev T T Twiss says m his sermon of Dec. ciU, i»' ' • For several years previous to 1844, there had been in existence * * * the UniversaUst Society. And although this (the First Congregational Society) was a Unitarian Congregational Surch, hi Unitarian churches of fifty Y-^ ^f ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ little sympathy of feeling or sentiment with the Universa ists, and so the churches of these denommations did not affiliate Indeed most of the early Unitarian ministers believed and taught he doctrine of eternal punishment of the finally impenitent and many of the early Universalist ministers believed and taught the doctrines of the Trinity and Vicarious Atonement-the ^Le'ce between them and the Calvinists being this the Unfversalists believed that Christ's Atonement wof be universal while the Calvinists beheved it would be but partial, ine d^tence between the Unitarians and Calvinists was this: TlnSSans rSrcted the doctrines of the Trmity and Vicarious AtremenlZt agreed with the Calvinists upon the doctrine ^^ ^'^hf I^rd^LC^a't^'could not conscientiously worsh^ togethe?, but after the burning of the meeting ^.f^^^iSste two united in building the new meetmg house. The Universalists ViTd their services fo? a time in the Academy buildmg. Tto were at this time included in the First Congregational narish the pSt Congregational Church, the Proprietors of the Chelmsford Centre Meeting House, the First Congregational ^'%l tSLZl^:^tZuLi March, 1842, the meeting house was SscoverJd to L on fire, and so far had ^^-^^-^l^^'^^'lf, that all attempts to save it were hopeless. The house with all ts contents W^^ School library folio Bible Psal-^^^^^^^^^ ha^c; viol were destroyed, and the bell melted by the intensity or the hea It was bJyond question the work of an i^^^^f ^^^y- The neighboring buildings were saved with great difficulty. 1842 When the present meeting house was erected, the Town built a basement of brick, above ground, which was used as a Town Hall until the present buildmg was erected m 1879 The basement cost $1,426:06. This was used also for public meetings of various kinds and social gatherings. It was heated bv a toe slove. When there was a dance there, the fire was alUed fo^tdown, and, with two sticks of cordwood under the stove, four men would solemnly march out with it, ^^hlle tne orchestra played the Dead March m Saul. At Town Meeting, the room was often so full that the men had to adjourn to the common in order to Poll the house, the ayes standing on one side and the noes on the other. 686 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD The new house was dedicated April 19, 1843. The Rev. Henry A. Miles of Lowell preached the sermon. The Proprietors of the Chelmsford Centre Meeting House (Eli F. Webster, Amos Carlton, John C. Bartlett and their associates), were incorporated in 1843. March 21, 1876, the steeple blew down, and was restored at considerable expense. A few years ago the steeple was struck by lightning, which followed the chain and weight of the clock on the interior of one of the columns, which it slightly damaged. In 1878, the Union Parish was dissolved — and all its assets, claims and liabilities were transferred to the First Congregational Society. Jan. 16, 1881, the 225th Anniversary of the establishment of the First Parish was celebrated. Rev. A. M. Sherman, acting pastor, delivered an historical address. In 1888, the meeting house was renovated and rededicated. In 1903, the Rev. C. A. Allen, grandson of Wilkes Allen, preached on the 100th Anniversary of the Ordination of the latter. In 1915, the interior was made over in colonial style. Otis Adams was clerk of the parish from 1833 to 1870, when he was succeeded by Edwin H. Warren, who resigned in 1885. The latter was treasurer from 1870 until 1895. Since 1887, Joseph E. Warren has been clerk, and treasurer since 1895. Miss Sarah L. Putnam was for thirty-one years treasurer of the Ladies' Sewing Circle. Since the Rev. Wilkes Allen's time, the pastors have been: Rev. William Andrews 1836—1838 Rev. John L. Russell . Rev. Darius Forbes Rev. Frederick F. Thayer Rev. Charles W. Mellen Rev. William Morse Rev. Russell A. Ballou Rev. H. W. Morse Rev. Fiske Barrett Rev. Frederick W. Webber Rev. D. V. Bowen Rev. Ezekiel Fitzgerald Rev. J. J. Twiss . Rev. A. M. Sherman . Rev. Daniel F. Goddard Rev. Joseph A. Chase . Rev. Granville Pierce . Rev. A. D. K. Shurtleff Rev. L. L. Greene 1840—1842 1844—1845 1845—1847 1849—1853 1854—1856 1856—1858 1860—1867 1867—1869 1870—1872 1872—1874 1874—1876 1876—1879 1879—1881 1882—1883 1883—1891 1892—1901 1901—1907 1907— In an address at Dedham, in 1888, George E. Ellis said that the theory and practise of Congregationalism, by which the churches of Massachusetts were planted, as distinguished from Episcopacy or Presbyterianism, was the full and perfect right, RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS 687 under the New Testament pattern (as they understood it) for each company of convenient size, covenanted together, to choose, institute, and ordain all officers, pastors, teachers, ruling elders and deacons needed by them in a congregation or church for teaching and ordinances. The parish was the town. The church was composed only of members in full communion, and became an imperium in imperio. It was not incorporate. When the revolt came against the Calvinistic doctrines preached in these churches, the year 1815 is a convenient date to assign to the separation of the conservative and liberal elements in the churches. Channing's declaration of Unitarian principles in Baltimore in 1819 was epoch making. From 1817 to 1840, the separation went on in local churches. In 1818, occurred the famous Dedham case. A majority of the church members were Orthodox. The Society — the legal voters of the First Parish of Dedham — were, by a large majority, Unitarian, and called a Unitarian minister. The Orthodox majority of the church withdrew. The question was as to which party would hold the property. The Supreme Judicial Court decided in 1820 that a church exists only in connection with a Society, and in case of a division in the church, only that faction which remains in the Society has a right to the use of the property. Thus, many of the old meeting houses came into the hands of the Unitarians. In some cases, as in the First Parish of Chelmsford, the process was slow and the theological transition was scarcely perceived by the members. The Rev. J. A. Chase, minister of the First Parish, 1883-1891, says: "Theologically the parish has experienced no abrupt or violent transitions. Liberal from the first, several at least, of its first pastors are supposed to have been 'substantially Unitarian' in doctrine,* while with the succession to the pastorate of Rev. William Andrews, in 1836 (if not some years prior to that date), the parish soon became pronouncedly liberal and Unitarian. The present parish (1890) embraces a varied constituency, that may be roughly classified as Unitarian, Universalist, Materialist, Spiritualist, and Agnostic, but, amid all this contrariety of opinions, there has been a marked growth of unity and organiza- tion." THE BELL. Feb 1 1680-81 In town meeting Ther was a voatt past that ther shold bee a bell bought for the Towns use and that ther shold bee so much lands sould out of the Comon as will purchas the bell and hange him in the metting hous that is to say if the towns stock in hand will not doe it then to sell land. In 1716, the Town voted to pay £7 for building and finishing a house for the hanging of the bell 12 feet square and 14 feet stud, a good lock and door, and a rope to ring the bell withal. This * This statement has been questioned. 688 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD was to have been similar to the bell house at Lexington, but was never built. On consultation with Mr. Snow, of Wobum, a carpenter, the plan was changed, and in 1719 it was voted to build a "terit" on the meeting house, "with a handsome weather cock on sd. terit and a rope to ring the bell withall." £23:3:7 is the sum paid to Lt. Jonathan Richardson and John Richardson for building the turret with the weather cock; also an "addition to building the belfree, 0:3:0." The first bell bore the inscription, "1682." This bell served in the first and second meeting houses. When the third was built, the bell was considered too small, and in 1800 it was bought by- Cyrus Baldwin, Esq., who sold it for the use of a school in Tyngs- borough. The new bell weighed 7 cwt. and cost £100. [Allen.] In 1793, £110 was voted for a new bell and hanging it, for which service Ebenezer Gould received the next year £4:16:00. When the meeting house burned in 1842, the bell was melted by the heat, and a number of small hand bells were made of the metal, some of which are still treasured in Chelmsford families. The Baptist bell has a low, mellow tone. THE BELLS OF OLD CHELMSFORD. Deep, and then high! — high, and then deep! The bells of old Chelmsford melody keep. Deep, and then high — high, and then deep! In turn, and in tune, they rejoice and they leap. High, and then deep! — deep, and then high! As if they were angels, out of the sky — High, and then deep ! — deep, and then high ! Now, far away off, and now, heavenly nigh. Deep, and then high! — high, and then deep! The bells of old Chelmsford solemnly sweep. Deep, and then high! — high, and then deep! The Kingdom a-come to the Sabbath-day's sleep. High, and then deep! — deep, and then high! As tho' to the hearts of men they did cry, — High, and then deep! — deep, and then high! "Hope away! 'twill be better than this, bye and bye!" Deep, and then high! — high, and then deep! The bells of old Chelmsford harmony keep. Deep, and then high! — high, and then deep! It's joy that they sow, and it's jo}^ that they reap. High, and then deep! — deep, and then high! O, bells from two steeples, in one divine tie! High, and then deep! — deep, and then high! O, bells of old Chelmsford, never to die! Rev. E. Fitz Gerald. HOUSE BUILT BY THE REV. HEZEKIAH PACKARD, CHELMSFORD CENTRE .Vo. 41 SOUTH VIEW OF THE TOWN FARM, CHELMSFORD CENTRE RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS 689 DESCRIPTION OF MEETING HOUSE. The meeting house which burned in 1842 had three large porches, on the south, east and west. These had staircases to reach the gallery, which went round on three sides, and above this gallery were wall pews. The pulpit was on the north side and the singing seats were opposite this. The first row was for the men and women singers. There was a men's door and a women's door, and the men and women probably sat on opposite sides. Next above the singers were the men with fiddles of various sizes, clarionets and other instruments, but the fife was not allowed. The minister in the pulpit was on a level with the galleries, and the sounding board, which was shaped like an inverted umbrella, was over his head. There were eight steps to the pulpit, which was handsomely furnished with crimson satin damask. A window behind it had beautiful curtains. Below the pulpit sat the deacons. About 1830, these were Joel Adams, Noah Spalding (who always sat in the middle), and Owen Emerson. The stove stood in front of the pulpit, and there were two funnels which went round the room. The minister was perhaps as much too warm as the people were too cold. [This information is from a letter of Mrs. Luther Faulkner to H. S. Perham.] The four meeting houses were all built on nearly the same site. Three types of meeting house were erected in New England. The first were square log houses, with clay-filled chinks, steep thatched roofs, and the beaten earth for floors. Wooden floors and lath and plaster were luxuries. We read later of some which were "lathed on the inside, and so daubed and whitened over workmanlike." The second type was a square wooden building, perhaps unpainted, with a pyramidal roof, sometimes having a belfry on the top, like that at Hingham. The third type was that fashioned after the style which bears the name of Sir Christopher Wren, and which was the prevailing type in meeting houses after the early part of the 18th century. The Chelmsford meeting houses of 1792 and 1842 were built in this style. The earliest meeting houses, as well as dwelling houses, had no glass, but oiled paper, in the windows to admit light. By the time that Chelmsford was settled, glass was not uncommon. In 1661 was levied "a Toune rate for glass and other dues from ye toune £15-01-08." In 1699, "To the Glasiers for Glass for the meeting house £0-1-8." Cotton Mather "found no just ground in Scripture to apply such a trope as church to a house for public assembly." Nor did he call the Lord's Day Sunday, but Sabbath. 690 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD This holy day began at sunset on Saturday and ended at the same time on Sunday, according to the ancient rule, e. g., the eves of holy days — Christmas eve. It is, perhaps, a little difficult to understand today the intense antipathy of the Puritans against the customs of the Church of England, unless one can realize the cruelties which religious enthusiasts of almost every name practiced upon those who differed from them. The Puritans persecuted Baptists, Quakers, English Church- men, and others. They came to New England not to establish religious freedom as we understand it, but to find a place where they themselves might worship as they pleased, to the exclusion of all who differed from them. So they banished or imprisoned and persecuted, in much the same way in which they had been treated in England. But they remembered their own sufferings and the cause for which they suffered, which was to rid the Church of England (which, when they left England, they could still call their dear Mother) of all which they called error and superstition. So, instead of "church," they said "meeting house"; instead of "Simday," they said "Sabbath." In the Chelmsford parish records, the meeting house began to be called the church in 1853. The theological deductions of Augustine, as adopted by the early New England divines, and organized into a theological system by John Calvin, were handed down for many decades without change or mitigation. These men were honest and sincere, bold and inflexible. By the early New England settlers, religious exercises at funerals were deemed unnecessary, even undesirable. They carried their dead reverently and solemnly to the grave and stood silently by while it was filled. Prayers over the dead or for the dead they could not allow. The same was true of the marriage ceremony. Marriage was simply a civil contract. There must be no superstitious symbols or ceremonies. One of the older Puritans went so far as to call the wedding ring "a diabolical circle for the devil to dance in." In 1646, it was enacted that no person * * * shall join any persons in marriage but the magistrate. * * * It was not until towards the year 1700 that ministers of religion performed the rites. They were authorized to solemnize marriages in 1692. Intentions of marriage (the banns) were to be published at some public lecture or town meeting or posted at the meeting house for fourteen days, and were sometimes forbidden. Mr. Bridge heads his marriage record thus: Marriages recorded, which, though not a proper part of a church record, strictly, yet may be satisfactory to some hereafter. RELIC 10 US ORG A NIZA TIONS 691 Allen, page 110, says: In 1794 the Covenant was changed and the following, written by Mr. Packard, was adopted — "You do now in the presence of God and before this assembly profess a sincere belief in the exist- ence, providence, and government of an infinitely wise, just and good being, who searches the hearts and regards the actions of men, and whom we ought to worship and serve. You believe in man's primeval innocence, voluntary transgression and unhappy fall. You believe that God spake to the fathers by the prophets aforetime, and that he now speaks unto us in the Gospel of Christ, who is the one Mediator between God and man, and the only true way to eternal life. You do humbly confess your sins of every name and nature, and implore the benefits of the Spirit's guidance, the Son's sacrifice and the Father's mercy. And you do heartily desire to give up yourself to God, resolving to deny all ungodliness, and to live as the gospel teaches. You commit yourself to the care and discipline of this church of Christ and promise to walk in communion with it so long as God in his providence shall give you opportunity. Thus you believe, resolve and promise." The half way covenant was a covenant of persons with the church merely for the purpose of obtaining baptism for their children without partaking of the communion themselves. This was allowed from 1657 to 1803, when it was argued that if true saving faith were necessary in a parent to entitle his offspring to baptism, and this was all that was required in order to full com- munion, there was no reason for excusing them from the com- munion. The custom of calling for a vote of the church on admission of members and of requiring persons to make a confession of particular sins was discontinued in 1794. Rev. Horace W. Morse records: During my ministry, which commenced April 1st, 1860, and closed March 31st, 1867, I have used no efforts to gain additions to the church, believing as I have, that it was the privilege of every person, whether a church member or not, to participate in the communion service, who sincerely desired, in such way, to honor the remembrance of the Saviour, and to "grow in grace, and in the knowledge of our Lord and Saviour," and I have accordingly always extended a general invitation to this effect when I have administered the service. During his seven years here, Mr. Morse officiated at thirteen weddings and seventy-four funerals. He published a small volume of poems, which are not altogether without interest. A saying of his, referring to his meagre salary, is sometimes quoted: "If you feed on meadow hay, you must expect meadow hay sermons." Some interesting questions regarding the legal status of the Congregational churches in Massachusetts have been raised. It has been argued that the Congregational system was not established in Massachusetts. The argimient is briefly as follows : 692 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD The Ptiritans considered their reHgious system as established in Massachusetts, and it has been cahed a theocracy, but the civil authority was really supreme.* The disposition of property, which in England was for the most part under ecclesiastical jurisdiction, was here given by the colonists to the civil courts. Marriage was a civil contract, entered into before a magistrate. No clergyman was allowed to marry people. Divorce was a matter for civil rather than church action. Records of births, marriages and deaths were kept by civil officers. The observance of Christmas and other Church holidays was forbidden, and days for Fasting or Thanksgiving were appointed by civil authority. A clergyman's status only continued such while he was minister of a parish. Ministers were not allowed to hold legislative or other important civil offices. The civil government owned the meeting houses and determined the salaries of the ministers and paid them. The selectmen of a town could stop a child any time and examine him in the catechism. The Justices and General Court had authority to make decisions in matters of theological doctrine. According to the Congregational theory, all local congre- gations were independent bodies. Apparently the colonists did not want the clergy to become a ruling hierarchy. While they were allowed to have assemblies for consultation, etc., yet the church was to be kept fragmentary, with the control in the General Court. All the churches throughout the colony were prohibited from organizing and acting as a united body. Article XXI of the Church of England says: "General Councils may not be gathered together without the commandment and will of Princes." So the Synod or convention of all the clergy called for by the General Court at the instance of Cotton Mather in 1725 was forbidden by the authorities in England as a contempt of his Majesty's Prerogative. The secretary of the Lords Justices of England sent an official opinion to Lieut. Governor Dimmier, in which they blamed him for not notifying the King, who alone had power to call a synod or council; and said that such an assembly "was against Law, and a contempt of his Majesty's Prerogative." There was no established church in Massachusetts other than the Church of England. What was called the "Standing Order" in Massachusetts was not a legal establishment of a church or religion. John Checkley had declared that "the Church of England, as established in England, and no other, is established in all his Majesty's Plantations." The opinion of the Attorney-General, the Solicitor-General, and the Lords Justices of England was that "they cannot collect that there is any regular establishment of a National or Provincial Church there [in Massachusetts], so as to warrant the holding of Convocations or Synods of the Clergy." [See Slafter's Memoir of John Checkley, pp. 85-95.] * See "Was the Government of Massachusetts Bay Colony a Theocracy ? " H. E. Ware. RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS 693 However, the Congregational churches were supported by a tax levied in the same manner as other taxes. The reader must form his own conclusions. Parson Bridge did not acknowledge any other Church in Chelmsford than the original, of which he was pastor. In 1820, Allen, on the title page of his History of Chelmsford, styles himself pastor of the Church in Chelmsford. John Park- hurst, on the title page of a printed sermon, in 1826, writes himself pastor of a Church in Chelmsford; and later of the Baptist Church in Chelmsford. Parson Bridge records: There was a new burying place began in the year 1774 near the Baptist meeting house, south end by ye burial of a child of one Elisha Rich a baptist teacher, as well as a blacksmith by trade, & who was presently ordained, viz. 5th Oct., 1774, over the Baptist meeting — so called — However I did not look upon myself as called to keep a record of ye burials in yt. burying place — so I left off early. DISTURBANCE CAUSED BY NEWLIGHTS AND SEPARATES. The early New England ministers, like Thomas Hooker, John Eliot and John Fiske, had been ordained priests in the Church of England. They came to believe, however, that their office was not permanent, but that it terminated with the end of their pastorate. They did not disown Episcopal ordination, but they believed the validity of the ordination had passed away when the pastorate ended, and that they must be ordained again if they accepted another pastorate. Byington says [page 161]: They also, [in accordance with the ancient canons of the Christian Church] , limited the functions of the pastor by the bounds of his parish. It was provided by law, in Massachusetts, that if any minister should preach, or administer the Sacraments, outside his own parish, except by the invitation of the settled minister of that place, he should lose his salary. It was also provided by law, that if any person, not a settled minister, should exhort in any parish, without the invitation of the pastor, and a majority of the congregation, he should be put under bonds of one hundred pounds to keep the peace. [The Puritan in England and New England.] But, as Allen notes, page 115: Notwithstanding, that the rights of conscience might be preserved inviolable, the Constitution exempts any man from contributing towards the support of any minister, regularly settled, in the town where he lives, provided he cannot conscientiously attend on his ministry, and provided, also, that there be any other minister of a different persuasion on whose ministry he does attend. The Rev. Ebenezer Bridge, like his compeers, was a college bred man, an aristocrat in the social life of Boston and Chelmsford, who felt that for the general wellbeing of the church and com- 694 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD munity he must maintain the high standard of his calling, as well as the laws by which it was regulated. Therefore, he and his church stoutly opposed the irregular, and, as he judged, the illiterate, preaching of lay exhorters. In view of these facts, the following records will not be surprising. They illustrate a disturbed period in our history. While we, who breathe a more peaceful religious atmosphere, may smile at them today, they were serious matters to those engaged in them. It is by such controversies that principles of right are established. A BOOK OF THE RECORDS OF THE CHURCH OF CHRIST IN CHELMSFORD, 1741. November 4, 1743. Whereas of Late ye Chhs. in This Land have bin much Infested with Lay Exhorters, and Some ministers who have left their own Parishes & Charges, and undertaken To play ye Bishop in another man's Diocese, To The great disturbance of Towns & Chhs. and to ye breach of Christian Communion, in Such places where they have Come; and Whereas This Town and Chh have bin sorely disturbed by ye Conduct Of such persons coming among us, & preaching & exhorting In private houses — without Consent Of ye Stated pastor Of this Chh — And Whereas One Pain, a Lawyer belonging To ye Colony of Connecticut, hath very lately bin Jntroduced into ye Town by John Burge & Gershom Prockter Two of The bretheren of This Communion and Jnvited by em and Allowed To Exhort Jn their houses; To the offending the greatest part of ye. Chh. Therefore at ye motion and request Of Abraham Byam, & Peletiah Adam.s, Two Other Brethren, a Chh meeting is Called — and accordingly having mett on This day — After Prayer To God To Guide & lead us into the things wch. make for Peace — The Chh proceeded To Question John Burge & Gershom Prockter wth. Respect To this Affair — And They gave The Chh Satisfaction by Saying They were Sorry that They had so done, and designed not To do so Again — Moreover, Gershom Prockter in Discoursing wth. ye Pastor About Pains Coming, and being advised To ye Contrary, Said yt Sd Pain should not Come & preach Jn his house — Jonas Clark & Sampson Stoddard, two of the Brethren Of our Communion, being Witnesses — He Acknowledges his fault Jn This Respect also — To the Satisfaction Of chh But it appearing To this Chh That Diverse female Membrs. had followed Sd. Pain an Exhorter, and an Jlliterate one Too, To Westford on ye. Lord's day where they had a Separate meeting — It was Judged proper That this meeting be adjourned till Monday 7th Jnstant, 1 o'clock P. M. accordingly ye meeting was adjourned to yt time & ye Sisters warned to appear. RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS 695 Novr. 7. 1743. The Chh meeting by adjoument, having opened their meeting wth. Prayer and The Sisters who have Offended ye Chh appearing — viz. Rebecca the wife of Gershom Prockter, Sarah ye wife of John Burge, widdow Mary Barrat, Widdow Thankful Foster, Elizabeth ye wife of Benja. Barrat, Sarah ye wife Of Jsrael Prockter & Sarah Burge, Junr. : The Chh proceeded to question em about ye matter — Mary Barrat was discharged fm any Offence In ye matter of Pain's exhorting Jn her house because he was Jnvited there by her son, a married man, & ye male head of ye family without her knowledge. But she with ye Others seemed to Vindicate their going after him To Westford on ye Lords day — Except Eliza, ye wife of Benja. Barrat & Sarah ye wife of Israel Prockter, who gave the Chh Satisfaction By Saying yt they did not Justify the thing, and would be more Watchful and To Endeavr to do Otherwise for ye future. The Others in a Very Audacious manr. Justified Their Con- duct. Wherefore After much Endeavr To bring em To a sense Of their Mis-conduct & mattr. Of grievance to this Chh, & Seeing all methods Jneffectual, They dismissed em; and The Chh Agreed yt They Should not be admitted To ye Lord's Table until they would give satisfaction. Our Sacramt. being putt Off last Sabbath on this Acct. it was Thot propr. by the Chh that Jt Should be administred next sabbath God willing — and if those sisters or Either Of them Should see their follys— and go to ye Pastor & make Such Acknowledgmt as he thot. was proper To lay before the Chh — if it was so done and The Chh Shod, think it satisfactory — it being offer 'd before ye Sacramt was administred — They might be Admitted as before — Accordingly on Saturday Widdow Mary Barrat, Sarah ye wife of John Burge, widdow Thankful Foster & Sarah Burge, Junr, Came to the Pastor and left an Acknowledgmt with him To be read before the Chh. And on The Lord's day — before ye Administration of ye Sacrament Of ye Supper it was Read to ye Chh— As Thus We acknowledge to "this Chh That Jn our late Conduct, we Thot not Of Offending our "Christian Brethren, and are sorry That they were offended "And do resolve and purpose for the future yt. we will be watch- "ful, and take heed lest we do Offend em in this Mattr. again. Each of these persons acknowledged it, and the Chh was satisfied with this slight acknowledgment, since it was the first time they had Offended herein, and out Of a Desire to preserve peace. June 22. 1747, The case of Mary Stedman was considered. "She gave in a Paper containing, as she said, her Reasons, wch was read by ye Pastor, and afterward by Deacon Epm. Spaulding to ye Chh" 696 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD To ye Revd. Pastor & Chh in Chelmsford — Revd. & Beloved. Having this Opportunity to Lay before you the Reasons Why I have Withdrawn from ye Communion in this place I shall now Jmprove it. 1 . Jt is my Real & Solid belief yt God hath in a Very glorious Manr. poured out his Spirit upon his pple to Convince & Convert them to himself — 2. Jt is my belief that God, in the Carrying on Of this glorious Work did Jmpower Mr. Whitefield, Tennant and Many Others Of his faithful Ambassadrs as Jnstruments in his hand to Carry on ye Glorious Work, and since it is ye Unhappiness Of ye Pastor & Chh in this place to Look upon these Men as Deceivers, & ye Work wch. is Carried on by em, to be a piece Of delusion is Matter Of great grief to my Soul. Knowing that he yt speaks against +'s True Ministers, and ye Work Of his holy Spirit, speaks Agt + himself. — 3. It is my Opinion That Mr Bridge in his Publick preaching is much wanting, because he delivers his discourses promiscuously, not Dividing the Word aright, giving to each one his portion in season. 4. J Cannot profit by Such Preaching, wch lays me Undr. a Necessity to Separate. Signed Mary Stedman. After eighteen years, on June 18, 1764, she acknowledged she had been mistaken, and was sorry, and she was restored to the Chh. Reasons of Job and Lydia Spaulding why they absented emselves from Public worship of God on ye Lord's days among us — read before the Chh.: To The Pastor & Chh of Chelmsford— Feb 6. 1745-6. Revd. Sr. & Beloved Brethren these lines contain ye Reasons why I have Gone unto Concord meeting Of late — is because Yt. J am better Edified & Enlightened into Gospel Truths by hearing Mr. Bliss than by hearing Mr Bridge. Signed — Job. Spaulding. To the Pastor & Chh Of + Jn Chehnsford. Feby. 6. 1745-6 Revd. Sr. and Beloved Brethren These lines contain ye Reasons Why I have gone unto Concord meeting so much of late, is because J find That J am bettr. Jnlightened into ye Gospel Truths by hearing Mr. Bliss than by hearing ye Rev. Mr Bridge her signed Lydia X Spaulding mark The Church esteemed "what they offered as a Contempt cast upon ye Chh." Against the vote of the church they approached the Lord's Table on the next Sacrament day and obliged the Church to desire their absence. RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS 697 Oct. 30. 1748 Zach. Emery did boisterously Jnterrupt The Rev. Mr Swan when preaching and Charged him in a bold and daring manner with preaching falsely. He afterwards made confession of his fault before the whole congregation and asked forgiveness. Job Spaulding, who charged Mr. Bridge with preaching false doctrine, after twenty-six years acknowledged himself to blame and was restored. The pastor declared his forgiveness in 1772. These examples well illustrate the mode of procedure against the like offenders. Allen gives an account of these cases and says [p. 115]: The church's censure of the abovesaid offenders was not for going to hear preaching "more enlightening and edifying than what they could hear in their own church"— but for violating covenant engagements in withdrawing without previous notice given to the church or attempts to remove the hindrance to edification, &c. The preaching of Whitefield occasioned widespread disorder and internal controversy in New England, and alarmed the ministers of the Congregational order, who feared the disruption of their parishes. They were also much stirred by the preaching of Jonathan Edwards and his followers. This revival or "Great Awakening" occurred in 1740-2. The followers of Whitefield were mostly Calvinistic Methodists, but many in this region became Baptists, or, rather, Anti-paedo-baptists, that is, opposed to the baptism of children. They were also called Anabaptists, because they rebaptized those baptized in infancy. They were called Separates, because they formed separate congregations, at first in private houses; then, becoming sufficiently niunerous, they built meeting houses. They differed from most Christians in holding that immersion was the only valid form of baptism. They were also called New Lights, because they claimed to have special divine guidance. They preached and exhorted without permission from the parochial ministers, and often spoke against them. This was the beginning of religious revivals, and resulted in vigorous attempts at the conversion of the Indians. Edwards became preacher to those at Stockbridge. It also had a great effect upon the political aspect of the colonies; the Commonwealth was no longer regarded as a theocracy with unity of faith and worship, and responsible for the salvation of the souls of its people. Politics was left by the revivalists to worldly men, while the saints were to give their minds to their own personal salvation. Church and State were to be separate and distinct from each other. George Whitefield (pronounced Whitfield) (1714-1720) was an English Evangelist and founder of the Calvinistic Methodists. In 1738, he followed the Wesleys to the Georgia Plantations, returned home and was ordained priest in the Church of England, as were the Wesleys. He differed with them theologically, the Wesleys being Arminians, but they were life-long friends. He 698 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD made seven voyages to America, and preached in New England in 1740, 1744 and 1754. He died in Newburyport in 1770, and is buried there. "His great power was due to his delivery rather than to the matter of his discoiurses." "On Boston Common he addressed 20,000 people at one time, and was distinctly heard by all." Harvard College issued a "Testimony" against him, and he had the opposition of most of the local pastors. Gilbert Tennent (1703-1766) was a Presbyterian minister, bom in County Armagh, Ireland. He came to America in 1718, was ordained pastor in New Brunswick, N. J., in 1726, traveled and preached with Whitefield in New England, and died in Philadelphia. Whitefield once preached in Chelmsford at the house of Mr. Burg or Birge, on South street. (Oliver Barron and Samuel Perham deeded to David Burg, May 8, 1766. David Burg, on the same day, deeded to Jonathan Putnam. The old house was torn down in 1817. Israel L. Putnam, who later lived there, was the son of Joseph, son of Jonathan.) B. P. Himt records that by a singular incident Parson Bridge was an unwilling listener to the discourse. Before the hour of meeting arrived, Parson Bridge called at the house in order to dissuade the owner, if possible, from allowing it to be held. While he argued long with Mr. Birge, the crowd thronged the house to such a degree that the pastor was unable to recover his hat, which had been left in another room, and he was, therefore, unwillingly constrained to hear the sermon out with the rest. [Quoted by H. S. P.] In "An Historical Sketch of the First Church in Boston," published in 1812, the Rev. William Emerson (father of Ralph Waldo Emerson) says: "Mr. Whitfield, who visited this country in 1740, had produced a strong sensation of a religious nature in the people on the seaboard from Maine to Georgia. This dis- tinguished and very popular man was followed in his itinerating career by Messrs. Tennent, Davenport and others who had all the zeal of their leader without his talents, and all his assurance without his address. The young European Methodist had a most sonorous and commanding voice, and this, united with a ready utterance and captivating attitudes, secured him a world of admirers. The minds of the people were highly excited. They were no longer satisfied with the cool and moderate strain of preaching practised by the generality of the New England minis- ters. They had gotten a taste for a loose, incoherent kind of sermons which contained strong appeals to the imagination and senses. These they must have, and after them they would go. Had the itinerants who followed, preceded Whitfield, probably the country might have remained quiet. But men who were incapable of raising the tempest were able, by means of dust and rubbish, to continue the troubled state of the atmosphere. All the country was agitated. A variety of disorders were the conse- quence." RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS 699 As early as 1761, there was an article in the warrant for Town Meeting to see if the Town will take action regarding those who are called Anabaptists, relating to the minister rates. They refused to pay, on the ground that they hired their own preachers. These items are from the Town records: 1772. Capt Oliver Barron was paid £2.11.9 for his services in the Gen. Ct. relating to this affair. 1774 To same for going to Boston on the affair respecting the case of the Baptists &c £ To Zebulon Spaulding (in the same matter) .... £ .... £ To David Spaulding To John Minott 1775 To Oliver Barron 14: : 3: 16: 13: 2: 4 8:3 5:0 5:0 4:0 1:2 10:2 " " for carrying on the case with those persons called Anabaptists £13 1774 To Mr Joseph Warren. . .on the case of those persons Called Anabaptists £ To John Minott on the case of those persons called Anabaptists £ 1775 To Mr. Zacheus Wright of Westford for Travill and attendance at Cambridge and Charlestown Courts as an Evidence on the Case with those Persons in said town Called the Anabaptists £ To Mr John Robbins [in the same case] £ 6: 8:0 11: 0:0 10: 0:0 To Deacon Aaron Chamberlin To John Minott To Samuel Stevens Jr. To David Spaulding To Zebulon Spaulding To Mr John Robbins To " " 14: 18: 12: 2: 12: 1: 11: 12: 12: 0:0 3:0 6:0 0:0 0:0 4:0 1:2 0:0 0:0 1776 The Town refused to Exempt them from paying the minister rate. THE SECOND CHURCH OF CHRIST IN CHELMSFORD. The inhabitants of the west precinct called the Reverend Willard Hall to be their minister (see "History of Westford," page 252), and agreed to give him £100 settlement and £80 a year. £50 was added to the settlement. He was ordained November 27, 1727. The Rev. Samson Stoddard preached, gave the charge and made the prayers. Benjamin Shattuck, minister of Littleton, made the ordination prayer after the sermon. Nathaniel Prentice, minister of Dunstable, made the first prayer and gave the right hand of fellowship. Thomas Parker, minister 700 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD of Dracut, gathered and formed the church. According to the "History of Westford," Mr. Hall had been preaching in the west precinct for some months before this. THE FIRST BAPTIST SOCIETY. Some account of the early Baptists has been given in con- nection with the First Parish of Chelmsford. Their rise in this vicinity dates from the preaching of Whitefield and other revivalists about the middle of the eighteenth century. From the First Parish records and Town records, the names of a number of Baptists are known. These belong to the period following 1740, and, according to Parson Bridge, "were in a separation." Gershom Prockter and Rebeca his wife, John Kidder and his wife, Thomas Spaulding and his wife, John Spaulding and his wife. Job Spaulding and his wife, John Barrat and his wife, Jonas Robbins, John Burge, David Kidder, Ephraim Keyes, Esther, the wife of Josiah Cory, Hannah, the wife of Zach Shed, Widow Abigail Keyes, widow Mary Barrat, widow Sarah Swallow. Parson Bridge mentions "one Sam Hyde," an exhorter, who was at the South Village with his family, a tailor by trade. "One Green of Leicester was a 'lay Baptist teacher' at Westford." Gershom Prockter invited "one Button that says he is a minister of ye Gospel, was so in England, but now goes from town to town selling books and preaching, to preach in his house." In the court files at Cambridge is a document dated 1772, which certifies that Stephen Hastlen, Oliver Adams, Nathan Crosby, Jr., Benj. Crosby, Thos. Barnes, Gershom Proctor, Henry Procter and Ammi Andrews were "regular attendants at the Baptist meeting." In 1774, the Town refused to abate the minister rates of Thomas Spaulding, Jonas Robbins and others by reason of their hiring preaching among themselves. Five years later, Thomas, Job and Zebulon Spaulding, John, Jonathan and Mary Robbins and Simeon Barrett were served the same way. In 1785 Henry Blazdell's rate was abated, . . . £0: 6:2:0 In 1786 Isaac Patten's was abated, . . . . 0:14:0:0 Zebulon Head's was abated . . . . 0: 3:6:0 In 1787 Mr Jonathan Adams received . . . . 0:18:4:2 "his minister's rate for 1785 which was not getable by reason of his subscribing to the baptist Society and procuring a Certificate from that Society" Mr Timothy Adams had his tax abated . . . £0:17:10:0 Oliver Hildrcth had his tax abated . . . . 0:15: 5:2 In 1791 Benj. Kelley had his tax abated . . . 0: 5: 2:1 RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS 701 In 1795, these men paid their part of the ministerial tax to Mr. John Peckens instead of to Mr. Packard, the minister of the Town : John Adams John Spaulding Robert Adams Henry Spaulding Benj. Adams Samuel Spaulding Joel Barritt Henry Spaulding, Jr. Solomon Byam John Spaulding, Jr. Aaron Chamberlain, Jr. Samson Stevens Sarg. Joseph Haywood Lt. Joseph Winn John Mansfield David Button Benj. Pelsue Joseph Foster In 1807, John Bateman was treasurer of the Baptist Society. What follows is taken from the pastor's historical sermon in 1896: The records of the First Baptist Church in Haverhill show Rev. Hezekiah Smith baptized candidates in Chelmsford as early as 1768-69. The church was organized in South Chelmsford, Oct. 22, 1771, at the house of Daniel Lock, with nine male, fifteen female members, twenty-four in all. The names of the first members were: Edward Spaulding, Ebenezer Bailey, Mary White, Mary Hutchins, Rachel Adams, Mark White, Daniel Lock, John Spaulding, Nathan Crosby, Thomas Barnes, Hannah Spaulding, Elizabeth Bailey, Mary White, 2d, Rachel Longley, Elizabeth Barrett, Hannah Hardy, Abigail Lock, Susanna Spaulding, Susanna Chamberlain, Mercy Hutchins, Mary Crosby and Asaph Fletcher. These members were dismissed chiefly from the Second Church in Boston, and resided in the Towns of Chelmsford, Carlisle, Billerica, Acton, Westford and Tyngsborough. They were Calvinistic in doctrine. There is no record of any minister being present at the organization, or council of recognization. Thus the church starts out in true Baptist independence, recognizing no other head or leader than Christ. The church had no pastoral care for the first two years of its existence, but was not inactive during the period. It was minis- tered to by Rev. Samuel Honey, Dr. Greene and others. Sixteen were added by baptism and others received by letter, so that membership was doubled. Some of these early members resided in Hollis, New Ipswich and Mason, N. H. The members did not escape the peculiarities of their times. The records of a church meeting held April 30, 1772, have this item: "Chose Mark White, John Spaulding and Asaph Fletcher by vote, to be a committee to give certificates to those of the Baptist persuasion, which usually assemble with the Baptist society in Chelmsford, thereby to free them from paying taxes to support different denominations." 702 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD The church has been served by twenty-three pastors whose labors commenced and ended as follows: Rev. Elisha Rich Rev. Abisha Grossman Rev. John Peckens March 15, 1773 to Dec. 15, 1777 March 15, 1778 " June 6, 1789 June 6, 1792, over the whole church until division of the church in 1804 Nov. 13, 1821 to Feb. 12, 1845 Jan. 20, 1847 ' July 7, 1858 Oct. 1858 ' June 28, 1863 Nov. 1, 1863 ' May 21, 1865 Oct. 22, 1865 ' April 1, 1873 Sept. 1, 1873 ' Oct. 30, 1875 Jan. 2, 1876 ' Feb. 18, 1879 May 1, 1879 closed by death Sept. 10, 1880 July 1, 1881 to sometime in 1884 Dec. 4, 1885 " Oct. 1886 Dec. 5, 1886 ' April 7, 1890 Aug. 24, 1890 ' Aug. 24, 1891 Dec. 1, 1891 ' July 1, 1894 Dec. 16, 1894 ' May 1897 July 4, 1897 ' Oct. 29, 1899 Dec. 1899 ' April 14, 1901 July 1901 ' May 31, 1907 April 1908 ' July 11, 1909- Nov. 1909 ' Oct. 1913 Oct. 1914— Rev. John Parkhurst Rev. J. C. Boomer Rev. J. E. Wiggins Rev. J. T. Farrar Rev. G. H. Allen Rev. W. A. Depew Rev. W. A. Worthington Rev. W. S. Phillips Rev. J. H. Tilton Rev. E. H. Hayden Rev. A. A. Bickford Rev. J. E. Dinsmore Rev. E. D. Bowers Rev. T. G. Lyons Rev. A. A. Bickford A. R. MacDougall Rev. C. W. Williams G. R. M. Wells Rev. J. E. Dame Rev. Daniel J. Hatfield The longest pastorate was that of Rev. John Parkhurst, twenty-three years and three months. The shortest, Rev. E. H. Hayden's, ten months. The church has had pastoral care for eighty-nine years and has been without thirty-six years. It has licensed six men to preach the Gospel and ordained two. The Society has had times of trial, the most notable of which were the period of the Revolutionary War, and during its divided state, 1804 — 1822. It has also had seasons of prosperity. It has dismissed members to form churches in Hollis and Hudson, N. H., and in Littleton, Billerica, Dunstable, Tyngsborough, Lowell and Chelmsford. In its early history the discipline was very strict, but was met by those disciplined in a Christian spirit. The names of Spaulding, Fletcher, Hutchins, Byam and Chamberlain have run through the whole history of the church, and been prominent in its affairs. The church has had a membership in six associations, namely: Warren, Dublin, Boston, Salem, Lowell and the Merrimack, where it now holds its membership. The Sunday School was organized June 26, 1823, and has had its place in the church work ever since. RELIGIO US ORG A NIZA TIONS 703 The church has owned two meeting houses. The first, which was taken down and moved there from the town of Westford in December, 1771, stood near the cemetery. Allen says it was erected near Heart pond, January 14 and 15, 1772. The present house in the South Village was built in 1836, and the old one sold for $75. The church has received gifts which, at the present time, amount to about $1,500. In 1775, Elisha Rich published by request, "The Number of the Beast, Found out by Spiritual Arithmetic," &c. It was printed in Chelmsford by Nathaniel Coverly. He also published, in the same year, "Poetical Dialogues calculated for the help of Timorous and Tempted Christians." In 1871, George H. Allen, the pastor, published a "Centennial Address," from which the following items are taken: * * * the wave of discord, staid for a time, seems to have gathered force; and now again its bitter flood poured in upon the church, so that October 11th, 1804, a faction consisting of five men and eleven women, led by Elder Peckens, formed themselves into a new church, which they styled "The Baptist Church of Christ in Chelmsford." The seceding party retained possession of the meeting house. The original church had no pastor during the period of separation — about 18 years, but Rev. John Spaulding, among others, officiated frequently. The first meeting house, as before stated, was moved from Westford, and was built probably before 1728. Some excitement followed the announcement that it had been sold for use by the Baptists, and it was "robbed of its pews and finish." It was taken to pieces by the purchaser, and "the Baptists went by night with ox-sleds, and brought it, load after load, upon the snow crust, in a direct line over the tops of walls and fences, to the site selected." THE SECOND CONGREGATIONAL SOCIETY. The people of Middlesex Village and others of the north- easterly part of the Town found it inconvenient to attend meeting at the Centre Village. In 1821, an article was put in the warrant for the Town Meeting at the request of Joseph Fletcher and others to see if the Town would allow Mr. Allen or his successor to preach to the people in the north part of the Town, according to their proportion paid for the support of public worship, provided a meeting house be built or a convenient place within three- quarters of a mile from the Glass Manufactory. The Town voted that Mr. Allen might do so "one Sabbath in three" provided he should consent thereto. Mr. Allen made the following note: 1821 Jan. 7. An important order passed in regular town meeting, which is the commencement of a new order of things whose result cannot be 704 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD foreseen, but which seems to portend no good, viz. That the Congregational minister of the town of Chelmsford preach every third Sabbath at the head of the Canal in a house to be provided by the inhabitants of the north and east part of the town at their own expense. Also he says: 1821 July 9. The second congre- gational meeting house was raised. Previous to the commence- ment of the labors of the day prayer was offered up by the pastor, and the people exhorted to refrain from all profanity, &c. The house was erected with uncommon silence, order and safety, under the direction of Mr. Canady of Goffstown, where it was framed. It is 47 feet square, with 12 feet projection in front. It was dedicated January 31, 1822, and Mr. Allen preached in it the first time on the 10th of February following. The proprietors were allowed by the Town to set a part of their house on a piece of common land next Jesse Smith's store. It stood where the blacksmith shop now is, next to the tavern, on the comer of Baldwin and Middlesex streets. In 1822, a stove was bought by the Town for this meeting house, and one for the Centre meeting house. Another note reads: Jan. 1821 [1822?] The proprietors of the new meeting house purchased a bell of Maj. Holbrook of Medway, weighing 1681 lbs., keyed on G. Cost $632.40. In 1822, this bell broke and was exchanged for another. The new bell was purchased in 1823, and weighed 1,533 pounds. It was cast by Paul Revere in Canton, Mass., and was one of his heaviest bells. When the meeting house was sold, in 1859, the bell became the property of the Pawtucketville Congre- gational Society, and was placed in the tower of the meeting house. It now hangs in the new brick building, and is a fine toned bell. When the news came that John Brown had been executed at Charlestown, W. Va., Dec. 2, 1859, this bell was on the ground in Pawtucketville, and was placed on a wagon drawn by William McFarlin's horses, and tolled about the streets of Lowell. Mr. Allen writes that he preached at the north meeting house, Ephesians iii, 16, on March 7, 1824, and took leave of a number of his parishioners who had formed themselves into a new society. On March 21, fourteen members of the old parish were dismissed to form a new church. April 27, the Second Congregational Church in Chelmsford was organized by a council of pastors and delegates from Tyngsborough, Billerica, Tewksbury and Chelms- ford. Rev. Mr. Southmayd officiated for a time. The first pastor was the Rev. John A. Albro, who was ordained and installed November 21, 1827. The Unitarian movement was widely developed in Massachusetts at this period, and in 1830, "in consequence of a decision of the court that the pewholders (in absence of any restriction to the contrary) could control the pulpit, and the greater number of the pews having passed into the hands of Unitarians, the church and pastor were compelled to leave their house of worship," and assemble in a hall nearby, SOUTH VIEW OF THE SILESIA MILLS, NOKTH CHELMSFORD .\o. 42 THE BERRY HOUSE, SOUTH CHELMSFORD RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS 705 owned by Samuel Wood, Esq., and much ill feeling was the result. Mr. Albro preached in the hall until April, 1832, when he went to Fitchburg. He was succeeded by Rev. Mr. Noyes of Needham and others. The Rev. Hezckiah Packard, formerly of Chelmsford Centre, became pastor of the Unitarians of Middlesex in 1830, and remained until 1836. After that the meeting house became vacant on account of the disbanding of the Unitarians, and was sold to the Roman Catholics, who moved it to North Chelmsford, (1859 or 1860), where it is now occupied by them. In 1836, the church and society moved from the Wood hall to the old red schoolhouse in Princeton street. North Chelmsford. In 1838, a building for worship was constructed on Middlesex street, where a part of the Silesia Worsted Mills now stands. This was destroyed by fire, January 20, 1893. Adjoining this was a building erected on ground deeded to the Town by Lincoln Drake for $1,500, which was used for lyceum purposes and eventu- ally was used as a "Vestry" by the society. The present house of worship on Princeton street was dedicated April 26, 1894. Names of the fourteen members dismissed from the First Congregational Society to form a new church "in the northerly part of the Town" (Middlesex Village). Luke Thompson Martha Adams Simeon Blodget Molly Blodget Jacob Kidder Hannah Kidder Cyrus Baldwin Elizabeth Baldwin Richard Littlehale Susan Littlehale Jesse Moor Charlotte L. Burnet Jona. Butman Amey W. Butman The name of Martha Adams has been erased in the record made by Mr. Allen. The pastors have been : Rev. B. F. Clark 1839-1869 Rev. Daniel Phillips Rev. L. J. Merrill Rev. J. H. Vincent Rev. H. L. Hutchins Rev. L. I. Bryant Rev. R. W. Dunbar Rev. Dorr A. Hudson Rev. Wilham C. H. Moe Rev. Franklin H. Reeves 1870-1874 1876-1878 1878-1880 1884-1889 1889-1897 1898-1904 1904-1910 1910-1912 1912- THE CENTRAL BAPTIST CHURCH. On Feb. 14, 1847, a number of people from the Baptist Church in the South Village, with some from the First Baptist Church of Lowell, met at their place of worship in the Centre Village, and organized by choosing the Rev. John Parklmrst chairman, and John Mullikin scribe, and united as an independent body under 706 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD the name of "The Central Baptist Church of Cheknsford." A council of churches, composed of the First Baptist and Worthen street churches, of Lowell, the Baptist Church of Tyngsborough, and the Baptist Church of Nashua, N. H., was held March 10, 1847, Daniel C. Eddy, D. D., being scribe. The membership was thirty-five. For twenty years, services were held in the Academy building, which later became the parsonage of this society. During the same period, until 1868, the Rev. John Parkhurst was pastor. The Rev. Alfred Cobum succeeded him for a few months. The remaining pastors have been: Rev. John Rounds 1868-1872 Rev. H. B. Marshall 1873-1874 Rev. O. C. S. Wallace 1875-1877 Rev. J. M. Burtt 1877-1879 Rev. N. C. Saunders 1879-1889 Rev. I. A. Howard 1889-1892 Rev. H. A. Cornell 1893-1896 Rev. C. H. Ellis 1897- In 1868, the church building was erected at a cost of about $1 1 ,000, about half of which was the gift of Deacon David Perham. Among those who were prominently associated with Mr. Parkhurst, in the early days of this society, were Dr. Levi Howard, J. E. Stevens, and Miss Miriam Warren. Dr. Howard was treasurer for many years. The fiftieth anniversary was celebrated in 1897. In 1912, extensive repairs were made, and a pipe organ placed in the building. Dr. S. L. Dutton said of the Rev. John Parkhurst: "He was a man of high scholarly attainments, graduating from Harvard in 1811. It was his purpose to become a Unitarian minister, all of his family belonging to that faith. From a change of view, however, soon after graduation he became a Baptist, remaining steadfast to his principles throughout a long life. He was a man of great sweetness of character, a peace-maker, a friend to all, and revered and honored of all classes." John Parkhurst was bom in Chelmsford, Jan. 17, 1789. Edward Everett was of the same class at Harvard. He was ordained in 1814 and settled over the Baptist Church at New Ipswich, N. H., where he remained seven years. He returned to Chelmsford in 1821 and was pastor of the First Baptist Church in South Chelmsford until 1847, when he organized the society at the Centre Village. He died February 17, 1875. In his latter years, he became mellowed somewhat in his doctrine, preaching the hell of conscience, instead of a place of material fire. Two sermons by him are printed: "The Garden Enclosed," and "The Holy Tendency of Saving Grace," both preached in 1826. They have considerable literary merit. RELIGIO US ORG A NIZA TIONS THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. 707 When around the manufacturing establishments at West Chelmsford, a sufficient number of families had gathered, a society was formed by the name of the West Chelmsford Union Church, and a meeting house was built in 1848. This belonged to no particular denomination, but gradually the Methodists came to be in the majority. The comer stone of the new Methodist Episcopal Church was laid July 4, 1887. The building cost about $4,000. Those who took part in the exercises were Rev. Charles G. Spaulding, Samuel H. Virgin of New York, George S. Chadbourne of Boston, H. L. Hutchins of North Chelmsford, Walter Coburn of Lowell, and James Walker of West Chelmsford. The building was dedicated January 10, 1888. The twentieth anniversary was celebrated in 1908. PASTORS AT WEST CHELMSFORD SINCE 1870. -1 year -2 years -1 year -1 year -1 year -1 year -1 year -1 year -2 years -3 years -part of a year -3 years -1 year -1 year -3 years -3 years -3 years -1 year -2 years -1 year -2 years -2 years -2 years -1 year -1 year -2 years -1 year Mr. George F. Snow was treasurer for twenty-five years. Rev M. H. A. Evans . . 1870- Rev G. C. Osgood . 1871 Rev F. M. Miller . 1873- Rev. John Wesley Walker . 1874- Rev. J. Winfield Walker . 1875- Rev. John E. Jubb . 1876- Rev. James Walker . 1877- Rev. W. N. Groome 1879- Rev. M. H. A. Evans . 1880- Rev. A. R. Sichibald . 1882- Rev. Luther Freeman . 1885- Rev. Chas. G. Spaulding 1886- Rev. L. M. Hale . 1889- Rev. F. G. Highway . 1890- Rev. Geo. E. Mcllwain 1891- Rev. Frank G. McConnell 1894- Rev. W. C. Guyer 1897- Rev. Wm. W. Guth . 1900- Rev. Chas. C. P. Hiller 1901- Rev. Vincent Ravi 1903- Rev. Fred W. McConnell . 1904- Rev. F. D. Taylor 1906- Rev. George L. Collier 1908- Rev. Harry Hess . 1909- Rev. Frank Hargran . 1910- Rev. Roy P. Crawford 1911- Rev. Ephraim Leese .' 1914- Rev. Thomas Hancock 1915- 708 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD ST. John's roman catholic church. Previous to the removal of the edifice now known as St. John's Church, from Middlesex Village to North Chelmsford, those who professed the Roman Catholic faith had to journey to Lowell to attend mass every Sunday, as well as for the performance of their other religious duties. The number of families included in this parish, which formed part of St. Patrick's parish of Lowell, numbered then about fifty families, thirty of whom resided in the northern part of the Town and vicinity. The remainder belonged to the remote portion of the parish, which includes the Town of Westford and adjacent territory. Notwithstanding the fact that there were no convenient means of travel in those days, the members of this parish faithfully and zealously attended to their weekly religious duties, but a feeling made itself manifest that they should possess a church of their own, more conveniently located for their needs. The opportunity came about the year 1860, and was quickly grasped by one of the older members of the parish named John Morrison, a farmer by occupation, who resided at the place still popularly known as the brick tavern, and the father of Hon. John H. Morrison, whose reputation among the legal fraternity of his day has not yet been forgotten. While on the way to Lowell with a load of market gardening, John Morrison noticed a number of men who were on the point of starting to tear down the building known as the Middlesex Village Congregational Church. The thought suddenly struck him that this was just what was wanted for the members of his parish, and many minutes had not elapsed ere Mr. Morrison, with considerable astuteness, had stopped the tearing down operations until he had discussed the idea of pur- chasing the building as it stood, with his co-parishioners. This was quickly decided upon, everybody being enthusiastic over this proposition. The price agreed upon was about $400, which was then partly subscribed by the heads of the families and the balance obtained on a mortgage. It meant many a hard-earned dollar for a good number, but the money was cheerfully given, as it promised the realization of a project long cherished. The task of moving the building to its present location was undertaken and was eventually accomplished with more or less of a strenuous struggle, the feeling that existed among the followers of the various denominations caused a close watch upon their under- taking. Among the older residents who were directly concerned in this movement might be mentioned Patrick Ward, Anthony Ward, William Quigley, Henry McCabe, John McNally, Patrick McManomin, Edward Fox, Michael Holland, Arthur McEnaney, Owen McEnaney, John McCoy, Owen O'Donnell, and George Brennan. When the building was placed in its present position, Father John O'Brien, then pastor of St. Patrick's Church, Lowell, came every Sunday to celebrate mass, and this he continued to do RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS 709 nearly twenty-three years. At different times those families who resided in Westford were given the opportunity to hear Mass in their own vicinity, when the service was held at some of the homes in the locality. Later the sacrifice of the Mass was celebrated in one of the local halls, and gradually steps were taken which culminated in the erection of the cosy little church now known as St. Catherine's Mission Church, which still forms a part of St. John's parish. The mass was usually celebrated by Father John J. vShaw, and other curates of St. Patrick's Church, who, at times, replaced Father O'Brien in attending to the wants of St. John's parish- ioners, the visits to Westford being made about once every three months. After the death of Father John O'Brien, Father Michael O'Brien and other priests continued for several years longer to officiate at St. John's Church, which was looked upon as a mission church. Eventually Father Shaw was appointed as the first pastor of the parish in January, 1893, and a few months later he took up his permanent residence in the newly-constructed rectory. Father Shaw then quickly busied himself in effecting various improvements in and around the building, the front porch being added to the building and the annex constructed. New pews were also placed in the church at that time. Rev. Father Shaw having been transferred to the pastorate of St. Michael's Church in Lowell, in November, 1900, his place was taken by Rev. Father Richard S. Burke, another curate of St. Patrick's parish, who continued the work of improving the church building by having a shrine constructed in the annex, and installing electric chandeliers and other fixtures for illuminating purposes. He was also responsible for the beautiful painting which appears above the altar. Shortly afterwards Father Michael Callahan was appointed pastor, with Father Philip Sexton as curate. Another change took place a short time later, when Rev. Father Edmund T. Schofield was appointed pastor, a position which he has occupied since 1901. Father Schofield then busied himself in having the exterior of the building renovated, and continued to be very active among his parishioners. He was assisted in his duties by Rev. Father John McNamara of the Manchester diocese, who was assigned to this parish on account of his knowledge of the French language. On the latter being transferred to Salem, N. H., he was replaced by Rev. Father Michael E. Doherty, who had just been ordained to the priesthood. From 1910 until his departure some two years later. Father Doherty was very interested and also very successful in the formation of various organizations connected with the church. In 1912, another change occurred. Father Doherty being assigned to the Church of the Holy Rosary in South Boston, and his place taken by Rev. Father Edward C. Mitchell, who came from Maiden. In August, 1915, the Rev. Father Henry L. Scott of Cochituate became curate. 710 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Father Schofield died on Sunday, September 10, 1916, and was succeeded by Rev. Charles P. Heaney, of Roxbury, who was transferred from the Church of St. Gregory, Dorchester, Mass. This is Father Heaney's first charge as pastor. One of the societies connected with the church is the St. John's Total Abstinence Society, organized some thirty years ago with about twenty members. William J. Quigley was its first president. The society now receives the assistance of a ladies' auxiliary in its various social activities. The Holy Name and Ladies' Sodality are also very active organizations. Another flourishing society is the local Court of the Massachusetts Catholic Order of Foresters, known as Court Wannalancit, No. 171, with a membership of about 150. The establishment of a private school is also connected with the history of St. John's parish. This was conducted in the basement of the church some forty-five years ago, with an attend- ance of about twenty-five pupils, but for some reason it was discontinued after a three months' experiment under the tuition of Miss Bridget O'Donnell. CHURCH OF ENGLAND. The earliest known record of Members of the Church of England in Chelmsford is found in the following extracts from the diary of the Rev. Ebenezer Bridge. 1757. July 21. Went to Dracut. Dined at Rev. Mr. Parker's with Mr. Brown, Junr., Episcopal minister — &c. Nov. 27. Lord's Day.— Stopp'd Chh after Service P M and read a letter fm some ye Inhabitants of Lyndeborough Inviting us to assist in Ordaining Mr. Jno. Rand, 7 Dec. next. Chh voted to gratify their request. Voted also yt brothr Zachh Emery be ye delegate. — Dec. 13 received a short Visit fm Rev. Mr. Rand (ordained last week at Lyndeborough) in his way to Charlestown. 17 Rev. Mr. Rand of Lyndeborough came to see me in his way fm Charlestown & lodged with me. 18. Lord's Day. Rev. Mr. Rand preached all day for me frm Luk. 11 : 28 — a very great snow storm fm last even'g to this — 19. Justice Fletcher and Mr. Rand dined wth me — we Spent evening at ye Justice's. Mr. Rand lodged with me again. 20. Mr. Rand went homeward 1760. Sept. 27. Wrote serm: but could not finish — had a Visit fm Rev. Mr. Brown Junr. a Minister of ye Chh of England (sine cure) In his way from Boston to Dunstable, & fm Mr. Farrar a preachr. in his way fm Concord to Dracut. 1761. June 16, P. M. received a visit from the Rev. Mr. Brown, Itinerant missionary of ye Chh of England. 1763. Oct. 5. Received a visit (P M) fm Mr. Rand late minister of Lyndeboro, now a Conformist to ye Chh of England. RELIGIO US ORG A NIZA TIONS 71 1 1765. Dec. 11. Mr. Brown, commonly called Domine, dined with me. Mr. Rand was born in Charlestown, 1727; H. U., 1748; married Sarah Goffe. He was town clerk and selectman of Bedford, N. H. in 1783 and was Justice of the Peace under George III. He represented Bedford in the Convention which formed the Constitution of New Hampshire in 1805. He was not altogether in accord with his people. One who knew him wrote, "Perhaps his ideas were a little in advance of the time." After conforming to the Church of England he occasionally officiated as a layman in one or two congregations of Church people, but did not receive Episcopal ordination. "Rev. Mr. Brown, Jimr.," was, no doubt, the Rev. Marma- duke Browne, son of the Rev. Arthur Browne, who was rector of St. John's, Portsmouth, from 1736 until his death in 1773, and is mentioned in Longfellow's "Tales of a Wayside Inn." The father was bom at Drogheda, Ireland, 1699; M. A., Trinity, Dublin, 1729. "An accurate scholar, a keen controversialist, a profound thinker, and an able and excellent preacher." The son spent his ministry chiefly in New Hampshire and Rhode Island, and died before his father. He was a man of eminent abilities, learning and piety; and his ministry was both happy and successful. [Sprague's Annals.] ST. anne's church. The first Episcopal Church in Chelmsford was St. Anne's, built by the Merrimack Manufacturing Company for the benefit of the new population brought together by the Mills in East Chelmsford. $9,000 was the amount appropriated for that purpose. The first stone was laid in May, 1824, and the building was consecrated by Bishop Griswold, March 16, 1825. The first services in the village were performed by the Rev. Theodore Edson, who had been invited by the Company to come for a few Sundays. March 7, 1824 was the date of the first service. Dr. Edson in his diary says: 1824. March 6. Saturday. Came up to Chelmsford the first time for the purpose of supplying the people in the Merrimack Manufacturing Corporation with preaching and divine service. Rode up with Mr. Boott and was hospitably entertained at his house. Sunday — preached . Monday. Returned to Boston in stage. The next Sunday he came again and was invited to remain. These services, until the church was built, were held in the upper room of a new schoolhouse, which stood on the site of the later building called the Green School. The Old Residents' 712 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Contributions, Vol. 3, contains a list of 278 members of the Merrimack Religious Society, and a list of members of the Beeth- oven Musical Society, organized vSept. 15, 1824, (seventy-five gentlemen and fifty-three ladies) which performed the musical parts of the service of Conservation of St. Anne's. This service with the ordination of Messrs. Edson and Cutler, occupied four hours, from ten until two o'clock. Dr. Edson was bom in Bridgewater, August 24, 1793, and was ordained deacon by Bishop Griswold, Sept. 11, 1823, and priest by the same Bishop on the same day that St. Anne's was consecrated. He died June 25, 1883, having been rector of St. Anne's almost sixty years. The church was built between Kirk and Anne streets, named for Kirk Boott and his wife. At the time of Dr. Edson's coming to Chelmsford, there were more than one thousand persons dwelling upon Chelmsford Neck, the greater part of whom were employed by the Merrimack Company. There was no place of religious worship within the Town limits nearer than the meeting house in the centre of the Town, four miles away. The first organization formed was called "The Merrimack Religions Society." In 1831, the name was changed to "The Congregation of St. Anne's Church." ALL SAINTS CHURCH. Towards the middle of the last century, about 1850, the religious life of the Town was in an enfeebled condition. Miss Anna Eliza Hunt, an intellectual and refined lady reared among the aristocracy of Charlestown, coming to live in Chelmsford, was impressed with the need of some agency to interest the young, for whose religious training practically nothing was provided, and to arouse the older people. Her persistent efforts resulted in the establishment of a Sunday School, which was well attended. It met sometimes at the house of Thomas P. Proctor, Esq., at the South Village, and in the parlor of Mrs. Eliza Fiske at the Centre. The clergy of Lowell were soon interested and Dr. Edson, who had preached by invitation in the meeting house on Fast Day, April 5, 1860, came on Sunday, July 15 of that year, and held a service in the brick schoolhouse in Forefathers' Cemeter>', where the Sunday School met. The services were continued with good regularity, by various clergymen, among them the Rev. Andrew Croswell, the Rev. N. G. Allen (son of the Rev. Wilkes Allen), and Dr. Nicholas Hoppin. On May 20, 1867, the parish of St. Anne was organized. (The name was changed to All Saints, Feb. 28, 1888, b}'^ act of the General Court.) RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS 713 At the time of the above meeting, which took place in the basement of the meeting house, a service was held by the Rev. Dr. Edson of St. Anne's and the Rev. Charles L. Hutchins of St. John's, Lowell. The officers elected were: Samuel C. Hunt, senior warden; Albert C. Harris, junior warden; John H. Hunt, clerk and treas- urer; vestrymen, George A. Howard, George W. Gaymonds, Samuel L. Byam, Everett E. Lapham and Thomas M. Gerrish. These names, with those of Adams Chamberlain and Lafayette Ward, were on the application for the meeting. The warrant had been issued on May 13, by Benjamin Walker, Esq., justice of the peace. On June 17, 1867, the Rt. Rev. Thomas March Clark, D. D., Bishop of Rhode Island, held a confirmation, the candidates being presented by Dr. Hutchins. In 1868, the property on which the church now stands, at the comer of Lowell and Billerica streets, a house and five acres, was purchased of Mrs. Lydia S. Morse, wife of the Rev. Horace W. Morse, the Unitarian minister. It had been their home. In this house a chapel was neatly arranged, and called Emmanuel Chapel, where services were held by clergymen and lay-readers from Lowell and elsewhere, until the church was built, the cornerstone of which was laid November 5, 1879. The church was consecrated December 20, 1882, by the Rt. Rev. Benjamin F. Paddock, D. D. The tower was completed in 1888, in memory of Dr. Edson. Among those who have made valuable gifts to the church are Mrs. E. V. Pierce, Miss E. M. Edson, F. F. Ayer, Esq., Judge Josiah Gardner Abbott, and Mr. Thomas A. Forsyth. The fine toned organ was built in 1899, the gift of Mr. F. F. Ayer. There is a carved oak rood screen in memory of George H. Tryder. The families of Charles D. Clark and Alexander B. Paasche were for many years faithful workers in the parish. The Misses Htmt were also efficient workers from the beginning. The rectors of All Saints' have been: Rev. Benjamin F. Cooley 1875-1880, with an interval of a few months in 1876 Rev. J. J. Cressy 1881-1887 Rev. A. Q. Davis 1888-1892 Rev. Wilson Waters 1892- The rector's historical address at the fortieth anniversary in 1900 was printed. The present officers are: Frank Hindle, senior warden; Edgar G. Fay, junior warden; Henrik A. Paasche, clerk; John J. Middleton, treasurer; vestrymen, J. C. Wetmore, William Clin- ton, Alfred B. Paasche, William Reid. Alfred B. Paasche was clerk for more than thirty years. 714 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD THE CENTRAL CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. A number of Congregationalists met at the home of the Misses Winn in the Centre Village on Monday, January 26, 1876, and resolved "that after careful thought and consideration, we, who are shut out of certain church privileges, do now deem it expedient to send for letters of dismission and recommendation to the several churches of which we are now members, for the purpose of forming ourselves into a church to be called the Central Congregational Church of Chelmsford." Mr. George P. Winn was secretary. On request, the Baptists "cheerfully granted" their place of worship for the use of the Congregationalists, when not occupied by themselves, on payment of expenses and two dollars each Sunday afternoon. On February 12, at the residence of Mrs. Edward Tufts, the organization was effected and articles of Faith and Covenant adopted. There were present Rev. C. D. Barrows, moderator, Mr. and Mrs. Sewall Parkhurst, Mr. and Mrs. M. L. Metcalf, F. W. Robinson, Captain Amos Adams Byam, Mary J. Winn, Eliza F. Winn, Martha Calhoun and Mrs. Tufts. Rev. Mr. Barrows, of Lowell, preached on Feb. 13, to about two hiuidred persons. Other Lowell ministers continued the preaching on Sunday afternoons. April 16, twenty people were recognized as forming the church. An arrangement was made with the Congregationalists of Carlisle for the support of a minister, and the church was admitted to the Andover Conference on October 10. By a new arrangement, the services began to be held in the First Congregational Church on December 3, when Rev. Frank M. Sprague preached. He became the first pastor of the two churches, as above mentioned, and on January 1, 1877, began his duties. Prayer meetings were held for a time in the schoolhouse in Chelms- ford. May 31, 1879, the union with Carlisle was dissolved, and a return was made to the Baptist Church as the place of meeting. In September, 1883, the meetings began to be held in the Town Hall. The Act of Incorporation is dated May 28, 1886. Shortly before this date, the Misses Winn and their brother had presented the Society with a lot of land in North Row (Centre street), near their home, on which to build a house of worship. A communion service was presented by Mr. M. B. Mason of Boston, in memory of his wife. A bible was given by Philip Doddridge and Thomas Scott Edwards of East Chelmsford. The church was dedicated May 9, 1888. In 1893 the building was enlarged and a new organ was procured. RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS 716 PASTORS. Rev. F. M. Sprague . Rev. C. C. Torrey Rev. J. N. Vincent Rev. W. A. Anderson . Rev. Charles B. Wathen . Rev. Frank E. Ramsdell Rev. A. Lincoln Shear Rev. Joshua Foster Tucker Rev. E. C. Bartlett Rev. J. M. Greene, D. D., of Lowell Rev. Albert F. Eamshaw . Rev. Tilton C. H. Bouton . Rev. Earl A. Roadman Rev. Edward A. Robinson . 1877-1879 1880-1883 1883-1887 1887-1888 1888-1890 1890-1891 1891 June to December 1893-1894 1894-1903 supplied during the winter. 1904-1908 1908-1910 1910-1913 1913- ST. ALBAN S EPISCOPAL MISSION, NORTH CHELMSFORD. On December 30, 1911, Archdeacon Babcock, now Suffragan Bishop, held a service in the Town Hall, North Chelmsford, and baptized several children. Monthly services were at once begun by the Rev. Wilson Waters, rector of All Saints', Chelmsford Centre, and in January, 1915, in a hall rented and fitted up with altar and other furniture. Services have since been held regularly each Sunday evening. THE PLYMOUTH BRETHREN. This denomination have a neat little building of their own in North Chelmsford, where their representatives began to preach about three years ago. The mission was conducted for a time by Mr. Kirby S. Taylor, a lay preacher. It has recently been formed into a "church assembly." CHAPTER XVIL BURYING GROUNDS. FOREFATHERS' BURYING GROUND, CHELMSFORD CENTRE. IT was probably some years after the settlement of the Town before there was any established burial place. The first grave is said to have been upon the land of Thomas Henchman, later owned by Mr. E. H. Warren. A few uninscribed stones of rough surface appear to mark the earliest graves in Forefathers' burying groimd, but the year 1690 is the date of the first stone bearing an inscription. In 1702, a "rough fence," and in 1708, a "board fence" was placed around the burying ground. This was replaced in 1717 by a stone wall, and in 1790 one of more permanent character was built; this was repaired in 1793. May 25, 1778, the Town appointed a committee to consider making some addition to the burying ground. In 1813, and the three succeeding years, the tombs were built at the top of the rising ground. In 1817, a piece of land owned by Moses Hale, on the southerly side of the burying ground, was added to it. This new part is said, in the records, to include the graves of Rev. John Fiske and two of his family. Hale was to build a good substantial stone wall four and one-half feet above the surface of the earth. He had a bam, between which and the burying ground he reserved a passageway. Hale received $27. In 1830, the burying ground was "repaired," and in 1838, an addition was made on the west side, a parcel of land being purchased of David Dickinson for $100. In 1839, the stone steps were built on the slope near the centre of the old part of the burying ground. The upper flight of steps was built about 1853, when the upper row of tombs was built. In 1871, a receiving tomb was built in this burying ground. A triangular strip of land next to Littleton street was annexed at this time. See Plate No. 40. In accordance with ancient custom, the bodies in the older part of the cemetery are buried with their faces toward the east, as though looking for the promised coming of Christ and the resurrection of the dead. BURYING GROUNDS 717 The following are some of the oldest epitaphs in Forefathers' Burying Ground: HERE LYES Ye BODY OF GRACE LIUERMOAR WIFE TO lOHN LIUERMOAR AGED 75 YEARS DIED THE 14 OF lANUARY 1690 MARY THE WIFE OF THOMAS CHAMBERLAINE AGED 88 DIED FEBRUARY 8 1692 RICHARD HILDRETH AGED 88 YEARS DIED FEBRUARY 23 1693 He was one of the original settlers of the Town, and his name appears among the petitioners for the grant of the Town May 19, 1653. He lived on Robin's hill. The present road was laid out through his yard in 1663. HERE LYES Ye BODY OF CAPt IOSIAS RICHARDSON AGED 61 YEARS DIED THE 22 OF lULY 1695 HERE LYES Ye BODY OF EZEKIEL RICHARDSON AGED 29 YEARS DIED NOUEMBER 27 1696 HERE LYES Ye BODY OF SAMUEL FLETCHER AGED 65 YEARS DIED DECEMBER 9 1697 HERE LYES Ye BODY OF Deacon CORNELIUS WALDO AGED 75 YEARS DIED JANr 3 1700 The Memory of the just is blessed. Deacon Waldo was a man of distinguished usefulness. 718 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD HERE LYES Ye BODY OF DEACON SAMUEL FOSTER AGED 83 YEARS DIED lULY Ye 10 1702 HERE LYETH Ye BODY OF MAJOR THOMAS HINCHMAN AGED 74 YEARS DECd. JULY Ye 17 1703 A foot-stone to the grave beside it bears the name Mis ELIZABETH HINKSMAN HERE LYES THE BODY OF LIEUT. EDWARD SPOLDIN AGED 73 YEARS WHO DECEASED JANry. Ye 10th 1707 18 Edward Spaulding was one of the original settlers, having been chosen into office at the first Town Meeting, in 1654. He settled where Mr. Thos. Moore lately lived. He grew the first apple orchard, mention of which was made in 1664. HERE LYES Ye BODY OF . Mrs . LUCIA , TYNG WIFE TO . CAPx WILLIAM TYNG AGED , 28 . YEARS & 4 . MONTHS , WHO DEPARTED THIS LIFE APRIL . Ye . 25th . 1708 Her husband, William Tyng, is buried in Concord, having been wounded by the Indians between Groton and Lancaster, and carried to Concord, where he died Aug. 16, 1710. This stone recalls one of the past industries of Chelmsford which flourished at the time of the old Middlesex canal: SA CRED To the memory of John J. Stickelmire, a Native of GERMANY, and late foreman of the Chelmsford Glass Manufactory, Died March 31st 1814 Aged 48 years. This verse reminds the heedless as they pass That life's a fragile drop of unnealed glass. The slightest wound ensures a fatal burst And the frail fabric shivers into dust. So he whom in his art could none surpass, Is now himself reduced to broken glass. But from the grave, the fining pot of man. From scandiver and galss (sic) galls purged again, New mixed and fashioned by almighty power, Shall rise a firmer fabric than before. BURYING GROUNDS 719 Sepulchram indicat hic Lapis Stephani Scales, A. M. Collegii harvardini olim Alumni et cjusdem nuper Tutoris Ingenii cujiis Acumen Virtutes eximiae et Diligentia pariter singularis Famam ejus et Honorem pluspluscj: in dies amplificarunt Juris prudentiae studio dicatus toto Animo incubuit et multum profecit Rubiolis dum laboravit E Vivis derepente correptus est Quinto Novembris Anno Salutis humanae 1772 iEtatis 31. O mi amice Vitae summa brevis spem nos vetat inchoare longam Jam te premit Nox. TRANSLATION. This stone marks the grave of Stephen Scales, A. M., late Alumnus of Harvard College and recently tutor of the same, whose discnmmatmg genius, distinguished virtues, and equally remarkable diligence, daily increased his honor and reputation more and more. Devoted to the study of Jurisprudence, he applied himself with his whole soul, and accomplished much. Whjle he labored in the flush of youth, he was suddenly snatched away from the living, November 5, in the year of human salvation, 1772; of his age 31. O my friend, the brief span of life forbids us to enter upon far-reachmg hope. ' So' night overtakes thee. [This quotation is from Horace; Odes, I, iv.] SOLDIERS OF THE REVOLXJTION BURIED IN CHELMSFORD CEMETERIES. forefathers' burying ground. Numbers refer to Plan No. 21. Adams, Abel, Capt 21 Adams, Joseph 11 Adams, Salatheel, Capt. ... 3 Adams, William 28 Chamberlin, Benjamin, Fifer . 18 Chamberlain, Isaac, Capt. . . 40 Davis, Samuel 37 Dunn, James, Jr 24 Emerson, Joseph, Capt.* Farrar, Peter 36 Fletcher, Josiah 20 Fletcher, William 16 Foster, Isaiah, Jr 2.5 Foster, Noah 32 Gould, Ebenezer ..... 6 Harwood, Jonathan, Lieut. f Hodgman, Asa 27 Howard, Jacob 33 Howard, Samuel 4 Howard, Willard 10 Mar-shall, James . . . . .29 Parker, Benjamin, Lieut. 34 Parker, Jonathan 39 ♦His grave is located just above that of the {20 ft. north of Ilinchman's grave. Immediately south of No. 18. Parker, Willard, Sergt. Parkhurst, Benjamin . Parkhurst, Josiah . Parkhurst, Samuel Perham, Samuel . Pierce, Jonas, Sergt. . Pierce, Silas, Corp. Pierce, Stephen Proctor, Azariah, Corp Proctor, Daniel, Lieut. Richardson, Josiah Richardson, Oliver Richardson, Robert . Spalding, Azariah Spalding, Job . Spalding, Jonas Spalding, Joseph . Spaulding, Henry, Jr., Cornet Spaulding, Simeon, Col. Shed, Ebenezer, Capt. Stephens, Samuel, Lieut. Warren, Joseph, Capt. J . Rev. E. Bridge on Plan No. 21. 7 26 31 19 12 1 9 14 8 42 23 15 17 13 30 35 5 41 38 2 22 720 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD HEART POND CEMETERY. Adams, Samuel, Lieut. Adams, Timothy Brown, Samuel Markers of the Sons of the American Revolution were placed at the graves of these soldiers in the Town of Chelmsford, in 1901, at the expense of the Town, Rev. Wilson Waters, Henr^' S. Perham and Daniel P. Byam being the committee. SCHOOL STREET CEMETERY (nO. 1), LOWELL. Butterfield, Benjamin Dutton, Stephen Fletcher, Levi Melvin, Benjamin Parker, Simon HEART POND CEMETERY, SOUTH CHELMSFORD. In 1774, this burying ground was given to the Town by Dr. John Betty. In 1792, the Town built a wall around it, and this was repaired in 1836. In 1813, John Adams was allowed to build a tomb here. The burying ground was enlarged in 1852, and again in 1870 and 1892. In 1874, the receiving tomb was built. SCHOOL STREET CEMETERY (nO. 1), LOWELL. In 1810, a burying place "in the North part of the Town" was bought of Joel Spalding. This was laid out in 1814 "near Pawtucket falls," and in 1816, tombs were built in this cemetery. RIVERSIDE CEMETERY, NORTH CHELMSFORD. In 1841, a committee of the Town was chosen to select a piece of ground for a burying place in the north part of the Town. The land was purchased of Benjamin Blood and Samuel F. Wood, "between North Chelmsford and Middlesex Village." This cemetery was enlarged in 1890. WEST CHELMSFORD CEMETERY. In 1852, a burying ground for West Chelmsford was bought of John Farrar. The receiving tomb was built in 1875. PINE RIDGE CEMETERY, NEAR THE CENTRE VILLAGE. Land for this cemetery was laid out in 1888, being part of the Town Farm land, owned by the Town. An enlargement was made in 1899. ROMAN CATHOLIC CEMETERY. In 1894, the Oblate Fathers were granted permission to use a lot in the eastern part of the Town as a burying ground. This is known as St. Joseph's cemetery. (i)5 ^IL. liSSSB. ; li'i tlisii 'J±3g %>^,-«^ 1^ ^i-"-- ■■■- ^^"nftt ; \ \ ,;^,, XK;^ iW.JWIil..i "iril^lW'.L, BURYING GROUNDS 721 LIST OF INTERMENTS IN FOREFATHERS* BURYING GROUND. At least foiir lists have been made: one by John Rowland Parkhurst, one by "Shawshin," in the Boston Transcript, one by P. Hildreth Parker, and the deaths printed in "Chelmsford Vital Records." The first, third and last of these have been compared, with the following result. The list is arranged alphabetically, and at the same time chronologically, except in a few instances, where all the names on a family tomb are placed together. With a few exceptions, the full inscription is not given, only the name, date of death, and age. J. Rowland Parkhurst has for many years been in charge of the cemeteries of Chelmsford Centre. The names of persons buried in some of the family tombs are not known. Variations in the spelling of names has been retained. Capt. Joseph Adams, Jan. 22, 1717-18. Age, 45. Samuel Adams, son of Mr. Joseph and Mrs. Mary Adams, Dec. 5, 1738. Age, 3 yrs., 11 mos., 25 d. Samuel Adams, son of Mr. Samuel and Mrs. Esther Adams, Nov. 4, 1745. Age, 10 yrs., 1 mo., 30 d. Mrs. Esther Adams, wife of Mr. Samuel Adams, Nov. 4, 1745. Age, 32 yrs., 9 mos., 16 d. Ms. Lydia Adams, dau. Mr. Pelatiah and Mrs. Lydia Adams, Dec. 30, 1745. Age, 29 yrs., 7 mos., 4 d. Mr. Pelatiah Adams, July 15, 1746. Age, 63 yrs., 7 mos., 29 d. Sarah Adams, dafter of Mr. Samuel and Mrs. Ester Adams, Sept. 25, 1754. Age, 3 mos., 23 d. Mr. Benjamin Adams, Jr., son to Mr. Benjamin Adams and Mrs. Olive Adams, Dec. 18, 1755. Age, 27 yrs., 9 mos., 2 d. Mr. Abijah Adams, son of Mr. Benjamin and Mrs. Olive Adams, Sept. 14, 1757. Age, 23 yrs., 5 mos., 8 d. Ester Adams, dau. of Mr. Samuel and Mrs. Ester Adams, Oct. 4, 1759. Age, 22. Mr. William Adams, Oct. 20, 1760. Age, 34 yrs., 4 mos., 12 d. Deacon Benjamin Adams, Aug. 13, 1762. Age, 83 yrs., 2 mos., 4 d. Hannah Adams, dau. of Mr. Oliver Adams and Mrs. Rachel, his wife, Aug. 20, 1766. Age, 2 yrs., 4 mos., 14 d. Mr. Joseph Adams, June 7, 1772. Age, 73 yrs., 11 mos., 12 d. Miss Olive Adams, dau. of Mr. Oliver Adams and Mrs. Rachel, his wife, May 31, 1773. Age, 13 yrs., 8 mos., 3 d. Jonas Adams, son of Mr. Abel Adams and Mrs. Olive, his wife, Sept. 6, 1778. Age 6 yrs., 6 d. Mr. Salatheel Adams, son of Mr. Jonas Adams and Mrs. Rebeckah Adams, Oct. 7, 1778. Age, 25 yrs. Mrs. Rebeckah Adams, wife of Jonas Adams, March 3, 1781. Age, 58 yrs. 6 mos., 2 d. Mrs. Lucy Adams, dau. of Deacon Benj. Adams and Mrs. Abigail Adams, May 24, 1782. Age, 56 yrs. Bettey Adams, dau. of Mr. Joseph Adams and Mrs. Abigail Adams'of Fitch- burg, June 19, 1782. Age, 8 yrs., 3 mos., 14 d. Mrs. Mary Adams, wife of Mr. Benjamin Adams, Sept. 18, 1785. Age, 42 yrs., 7 mos. Miss Rebeckah Adams, dau. of Mr. Joseph Adams and Mrs. Lydia, his wife, Aug. 23, 1789. Age, 23 yrs. 722 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Miss Thankful Adams, dau. of Mr. Joseph Adams and Mrs. Lydia, his wife, June 14, 1790. Age, 36 yrs. Mr. Jonas Adams, Jan. 18, 1792. Age, 81 yrs. Capt. Abel Adams, Feb. 21, 1792. Age, 46 yrs. S. A. R. Mr. Joseph Adams, Sept. 17, 1796. Age, 71 yrs. Simeon Adams, son of Mr. Joseph and Mrs. Lucy Adams, May 24, 1797. Age, 1 yr., 2 d. Mrs. Lydia Adams, wife of Mr. Joseph Adams, July 18, 1799. Age, 76 yrs. Mrs. Lucy Adams, wife of Mr. Joseph Adams, Oct. 12, 1803. Age, 42 yrs. Jonas Adams, July 28, 1806, age, 17 yrs., son of Capt. Abel Adams. Mrs. Susanna Adams, Dec. 21, 1806, age, 26 yrs., the wife of Mr. Salathiel Adams. Mrs. Betsy Adams, wife of Mr. Samuel Adams, April 6, 1807. Age, 22 yrs. Abel Adams, March 10, 1809, age, 8 weeks, son of Mr. Salathiel Adams and Mrs. Sarah Adams. Sarah Adams, dau. of Salathiel and Sarah Adams, Nov. 14, 1812. Age, 6 weeks. William Adams, Esq., born April 13, 1762, died Dec. 25, 1843. Mary, his wife, born Oct. 30, 1764, died July 3, 1849. Elizabeth Adams, wife of Otis Spaulding, born Dec. 8, 1794, died Jan. S, 1868. Mary E., their dau., born May 10, 1823, died July 5, 1867. L. Abby, their dau., born July 2, 1820, died March 22, 1874. Tomb built A. D. 1814. Norris Adams, Feb. 1, 1818, age, 6 weeks, son of Capt. Salathiel and Mrs. Sarah Adams. Family tomb of Mr. Joseph Adams and Lt. Joseph Parker, built A. D. 1819. Mrs. Olive Adams, relict of Capt. Abel Adams, Oct. 5, 1819. Age, 77. Miss Mercv Maria R. Abbott, Aug. 21, 1825. Age, 17 yrs. Mrs. Mercy F. Abbott, Feb. S, 1834. Age, 51 vrs. John T. K. Adams, Jan. 27, 1867. Age, 39 yrs. Charles E. Adams, Feb. 27, 1833. Age, 21 yrs. John H. Adams, June 26, 1826. Age, 4 yrs. Henry K. Adams, Sept. 17, 1820. Age, 20 yrs. Sons of Joel and Catherine M. Adams of Chelmsford. Eunice Cole Adams, July 27, 1827, age, 20 yrs., wife of Wm. H. Adams. William H. Adams, May 22, 1829, age, 28 yrs., at Burlington, Vt. John Clarke Allen, son of Rev. Wilkes Allen and Mary, his wife. Born Nov. 15, 1812; graduated Harvard University, 1833; died June 26, 1834. Age, 22 yrs. Children of the Rev. Wilkes and Mrs. Mary Allen — Israel Allen, Jan. 16, 1815. Age, 7 weeks. Mary Allen, Sept. 9, 1821. Age, 3 yrs., 6 mos. Sarah Allen, Sept. 17, 1821. Age, 18 mos. They were lovely and pleasant in their lives, and in their deaths they were not divided. Rev. Wilkes Allen, ordained Nov. 16, 1803, retired Nov. 16, 1832; died, North Andover, Dec. 2, 1845. Age, 70 yrs. Caleb Abbott, born Nov. 10, 1779, died Dec. 4, 1846. Mercy, his wife, born Oct. 29, 1782, died Feb. 8, 1834. Mercy Maria R. Abbott, born Jan. 24, 1808, died Aug. 21, 1826. Lucy Ann L. Abbott, born Sept. 16, 1809, died Aug. 1, 1861. Evelina Maria Antoinette Abbott, born Sept. 14, 1817, died April 30, 1897. William Stackpole Abbott, grandson of Caleb and Mercy Abbott, May 6, 1846. Age, 17 mos. Alvin Adams, Nov. 6, 1848, age, 8 mos., child of Chas. and Mary Sweetser. Eben Adams, Sept. 8, 1856. Age, 81 yrs. Waldo, son of G. W. and S. L. Adams, Dec. 14, 1857. Age, 3 mos., 23 d. Martha Prentice Adams, wife of Eben Adams, Oct. 21, 1860. Age, 94 yrs. Calvin Allen, Aug. 14, 1863. Age, 31 yrs., 7 mos. Joel Adams, son of Timothy and Joanna (Keyes) Adams, and a descendant of Henry Adams, who came from Devonshire, England; born in Chelms- ford, Nov., 1783, graduated from H. U., in 1805, died Nov. 21, 1864. Mrs. Mary Allen, wife of Rev. Wilkes Allen, Jan. 5, 1864. Age, 85 yrs. Martha P., adopted dau. of Eben and Martha P. Adams, died in Medford, Mass., June 29, 1873. Age, 57 yrs. BURYING GROUNDS 723 Abigail O. Adams, wife of Dea. Otis Adams, June 1, 1872. Age, 71 yrs., 6 d. Catherine Mary, wife of Joel Adams, born in Lunenburg, July 27, 1786, died May 1, 1874. Nancy P. Worthen, wife of Isaac Adams, July 23, 1878. Age, 73 yrs. Leonard Andrews, June 23, 1880. Age, 63 yrs., 20 d. Dea. Otis Adams, Jan. 26, 1881. Age, 82 yrs., 7 mos., 21 d. William, son of Otis and Caroline Adams, July 17, 1881. Age, 22 yrs., 8 mos., 17 d. Charles Adams, April 20, 1883. Age, 83 yrs., 9 d. Nancy (Robbins), wife of Charles Adams, July 27, 1878. Age, 74 yrs., 10 mos. Sarah C, dau. of Charles and Nancy, died March 22, 1846. Age, 16 mos. Chas. Henry, son of Charles and Nancy, died Jan. 24, 1878. Age, 50 yrs., 9 mos., 21 d. Emma J., dau. of Charles Henry and Ann R. Clouston, March 12, 1859. Age, 1 yr., 8 mos. Clara L. Clouston, dau. of Charles Henry and Ann R., July 19, 1885. Age 31 yrs., 7 mos., 23 d. Annie L., dau. of William and Clara L. Clouston, June 6, 1886. Age, 15 yrs., 3 mos., 15 d. Juliette E., dau. of Leonard and Rebecca Andrews, July 15, 1887. Age, 34 yrs., 11 mos., 20 d. Leonora A., dau. of Leonard and Rebecca Andrews, Sept. 3, 1901. Age, 51 yrs., 8 mos. Viola R., dau. of Leonard and Rebecca Andrews, March 22, 1878. Age, 19 yrs., 9 mos., 7 d. Isaac Adams, Dec. 31, 1892. Age, 84 yrs. Thomas M. Adams, April 25, 1895. Age, 84 yrs. Clara, wife of H. M. Arnold, born Sept. 17, 1852, died March 24, 1893. Frank F. Abbott, 1843-1897. Melintha L. Abbott, 1844-1892. Royal C, son of Frank F. and Melintha L. Abbott, Oct. 25, 1883. Age, 11 yrs., 29 d. James Ashworth, native of Rochdale, England, April 24, 1839, July 2, 1899. Leighton M., son of Amos B. and Hettie E. Adams, Sept. 24, 1902, Feb. 27, 1904. Rebecca Andrews, Sept. 21, 1906. Age, 80 yrs., 8 mos., 3 d. Christina Ashworth, Dec. 13, 1912. Age, 66 yrs., 21 d. Amos Byam Adams, April 8, 1908. Age, 54 yrs., 8 mos., 21 d. Grace Pearl Adams, Dec. 24, 1909. Age, 30 yrs., 11 mos., 29 d. Otis Adams, March 12, 1904. Age, 78 yrs., 2 mos., 6 d. Frances Adelaide Adams, Feb. 23, 1913. Age, 71 yrs., 4 mos., 19 d. B Nathanel Blodget, Oct. 12, 1710. Age, 40 yrs. Jerathmel Bowers, son of Jonathan and Hannah, May 7, 1713. Age, 15 yrs., 4 mos. Sergt. Benjamin Butterfield, March 31, 1715. Age, 35 yrs., 1 mo., 2 weeks. Mrs. Sarah Barrit, wife to Mr. Jonathan Barrit, May 23, 1716. Age, 25 yrs. Capt. Moses Barron, Sept. 16, 1719. Age, about 50 yrs. Mrs. Elizabeth Bowers, wife to Capt. Jerathmell Bowers, March 4, 1721. Age, 76 yrs. Mr. John Bates, Sen., April 17, 1722. Age, about 80 yrs. Mr. John Bates, May 1, 1722. Age, 53 yrs., 4 mos., 9 d. John Bates, son of Mr. John and Mrs. Deborah Bates, May 22, 1724. Age, 17. Nathaniel Bowers, son of Mr. Jerathmel and Mrs. Sarah Bowers, Feb. 27, 1726. Age, 4 yrs., 11 mos. Ebenezer Blodget, son of Lieut. William and Mrs. Elizabeth Blodget, Jan. 1, 1733. Age, 4 yrs., 5 mos., 14 d. Mrs. Sarah Butterfield, wife to Mr. Nathaniel Butterfield, June 19, 1734. Age, 55 yrs. Sarah Bowers, wife to Jerahmeel Bowers, Oct., 1735. Age, 47 yrs. Lydia Barret, dau. of Mr. Jonathan and Mrs. Lydia Barret, Feb. 12, 1736. Age, 18 yrs. 724 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Sarah Butterfield, dau. of Mr. John and Mrs. Anna Butterfield, April 28, 1738. Age, 12 yrs., 7 mos., 2 d. Mr. Isaac Barron, Sept. 16, 1739. Age, 67 yrs., 9 mos. Mrs. Mercy Butterfield, wife of Mr. Jonathan Butterfield, April 25, 1743. Age, 75 yrs. Mr. John Burg, son of Mr. John and Mrs. Mary Burg, March 12, 1741. Age, 21 yrs., 7 mos., 19 d. Willard Blood, only son of Mr. Ephraim and Mrs. Sarah Blood, Jan. 9, 1747/8. Age, 4 yrs., 7 mos. Lieut. Jonathan Barron, Aug. 20, 1748. Age, 51 yrs. Katherine Bridge, dau. of the Rev. Ebenezer and Madame Sarah Bridge, March 27, 1750. Age, 1 yr., 1 mo;, 7 d. Reuben Blodget, son of Lieut. William and Mrs. Elizabeth Blodget, Sept. 22, 1749. Age, 12 yrs., 3 mos., 28 d. Ruth Blodget, dau. of Lieut. William and Mrs. Elizabeth Blodget, Oct. 15, 1749. Age, 14 yrs., 7 mos., 10 d. Olive Blodget, dau. of Lieut. William and Mrs. Elizabeth Blodget, Sept. 24, 1749. Age, 7 yrs., 2 mos., 27 d. Mr. Jonathan Butterfield, April 17, 1750. Age, 67 yrs. Mr. Ebenezer Barrit, son of Mr. Jonathan and Mrs. Lydia Barrit, Feb. 23, 1752. Age, 16 yrs., 11 mos., 23 d. Elizabeth Bridge, dau. of the Rev. Ebenezer and Madame Sarah Bridge, March 31, 1756. Age, 7 yrs., 8 mos., 20 d. Lieut. Jonathan Bowers, Sept. 26, 1756. Age, 35 yrs. Hannah Barret, dafter of Mr. Thomas and Mrs. Rachel Barret, March 17, 1759. Age, 28 yrs., 11 mos. Mrs. Olive Barron, dau. of Mr. Samuel and Mrs. Sarah Barron, Nov. 15, 1760. Age, 19 yrs. Cornet Daniel Blodget, April 14, 1761. Age, 72 yrs. Mr. Thomas Barret, July 9, 1761. Age, 72 yrs., 4 mos. Mr. John Burg, Sept. 9, 1761. Age, 73 yrs., 10 mos., 10 d. Abigail Barron, dau. of Capt. Oliver Barron and Abigail, his wife, June 6, 1763. Age, 4 yrs., 4 mos., 25 d. Mr. Jonathan Bates, May 28, 1764. Age, 57 yrs. Capt. John Butterfield. Tan. 8, 1766. Age, 67 yrs., 11 mos., 26 d. Mrs. Elizabeth Blodget, wife of Lieut. William Blodget, Sept. 11, 1769. Age, 67 yrs., 2 mos., 23 d. Mrs. Betty Blood, wife of Ephraim Blood, Dec. 28, 1771. Age, 58 yrs., 7 mos., 12 d. Mr. Jonathan Barrett, Oct. 9, 1773. Age, 86 yrs., 11 mos., 14 d. Mr. Ephraim Blood, March 16, 1775. Age, 72 yrs., 9 mos., 2 d. Three children of Mr. Benjamin Butterfield and Mrs. Olive, his wife — Reuben, Oct. 3, 1775. Age, 11 yrs., 7 mos., 23 d. Anna, Sept. 26, 1775. Age, 4 yrs., 8 mos., 1 d. Silous, Sept. 30, 1775. Age, 2 yrs., 5 mos., 1 d. Mr. Ephraim Butterfield, son of Capt. John Butterfield and Mrs. Anna, his wife, June 7, 1777. Age, 36 yrs., 10 d. Miss Hannah Blodget, dau. of Mr. Simeon Blodget and Mrs. Lydia, his wife, Feb. 23, 1778. Age, 20 yrs., 2 mos., 13 d. Two children of Mr. Simeon and Mrs. Lydia Blodget — Ephraim, March 9, 1778. Age, 8 yrs., 4 mos., 4 d. Betty Blodget, March 21, 1778. Age, 10 yrs., 9 mos., 16 d. Lieut. William Blodgett, May 30, 1779. Age, 82 yrs., 2 mos., 17 d. Madam Sarah Bridge, the amiable consort of the Rev. Ebenezer Bridge, died April 9, 1783. Age, 64 yrs. She was ye third dau. of the Rev. Sampson Stoddard, the third pastor of the church in this town, who died August, 1740. Mrs. Rachel Barrett, wife of Mr. Thomas Barrett, April 29, 1785. Age, 93 yrs. Mrs. Lydia Barrett, relict of Mr. Jonathan Barrett, Nov. 16, 1789. Age, 90 yrs. Mr. Robert Bates, May 21, 1791. Age, 81 yrs. ■#^^ BURYING GROUNDS 725 The Rev. Ebenezer Bridge. By the Church of Christ in Chelmsford, in testimony of their esteem and Veneration this sepulchral stone was erected to stand as a sacred Memorial of their late Worthy Pastor the Reverend Ebenezer Bridge who after having officiated among them in the service of the Sanctuary for more than a year above half a century the strength of nature being exhausted sunk under the burden of age and joined the Congregation of the Dead. Oct. 1, 1792. Age, 78 yrs. Amos Byam, Oct. 22, 1792. Age, 38 yrs. Mr. Andrew Bettey, April 26, 1786. Age, 74 yrs. Mrs. Molley Bettey, wife of Mr. Andrew Bettey and four of their children, all of whom died in 1757. Miss PoUey Bateman, dau. of Lieut. John and Mrs. Hannah Bateman, March 13, 1798. Age, 12 yrs. John Frye Bowers, son of Mr. Phillip and Mrs. Cloey Bowers, July 18, 1799. Age, 2 yrs., 7 mos. Mrs. Lydia Blodgett, wife of Mr. Simeon Blodgett, Oct. 7, 1801. Age, 69 yrs. Tomb of Blodgett. [See Hodgman.] John Bateman, son of Lieut. John Bateman and Mrs. Hannah, his wife, Nov. 7, 1803. Age, 2 yrs., 7 mos. Mr. Simeon Blodget, Nov. 10, 1804. Age, 78 yrs. Samuel Butterfield, son of Mr. Samuel and Mrs. Hannah Butterfield, Jan. 18, 1805. Age, 5 yrs. Mrs. Lydia Bates, wife of Mr. Robert Bates, July 6, 1806. Age, 88 yrs. Joseph, son of Mr. Joseph and Mrs. Martha Bailey, April 26, 1808. Age, 16 mos., 12 d. Miss Olive Bates, Dec. 28, 1810. Age, 59 yrs. Mrs. Rebeckah Byam, wife of Ens. Benjamin Byam, May 18, 1811. Age, 42 yrs. Mrs. Mary Bettey, Jan. 28, 1813. Age, 93 yrs. Family tomb of Capt. John Butterfield, built A. D. 1813. No. 5. Family tomb of Capt. Joseph Bowers and Miel Moors, built A. D. 1813. No. 3. Family tomb of Simeon and William Byam and Benj. Parkhurst, built A. D. 1814. Charles, son of Mr. Joseph Bailey and Mrs. Martha, his wife, Feb. 14, 1816. Age, 15 mos. Mary, dau. of Mr. Samuel and Mrs. Hannah Butterfield, Oct. 4, 1821. Age, 13 yrs. Family tomb of Nathan Buttrick — Ichabod Kimball and Stephen Pierce. Buih, 1827. North Side — Margaret, relict of Barnabus Bradt, June 25, 1848. Age, 78 yrs. East Side — Barnabus Bradt, May 1, 1828. Age, 56 yrs. South Side— Henry Bradt, Sept. 30, 1830. Age, 32 yrs. Miss Lucinda Bryant, late of Hillsborough, N. H., Dec. 14, 1830. Age, 21 yrs. Emeline, dau. of Samuel and Hannah Butterfield, March 20, 1833. Age, 13 yrs. Mrs. Louisa Bannister, wife of Mr. J. Y. Smith, June 3, 1837. Age, 21 yrs. Lucretia Caroline, wife of William Barry, Sept. 10, 1843. Age, 24 yrs. William Barry, Aug. 9, 1854. Age, 36 yrs. William B. Burgess, May 22, 1846. Age, 35 yrs. William Lott, son of Wm. B. and Sarah P. Burgess, Aug. 25, 1844. Age, 7 weeks. Sarah W., wife of Amos Boardman, June 13, 1848. Age, 42 yrs. Joseph Bailey, Aug. 21, 1852. Age, 77 yrs. Susan B., wife of B. F. Barrett, Dec. 23, 1854. Age, 55 yrs. Otis Byam, Nov. 5, 1857. Age, 57 yrs. Mary Byam, wife of Willard Byam, Jan. 7, 1860. Age, 77 yrs., 4 mos. Willard Byam, Sept. 2, 1854. Age, 76 yrs., 7 mos. Lovina, wife of Otis Byam, Sept. 21, 1868. Age, 65 yrs., 10 mos. 726 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Dr. John Call Bartlett, born Oct. 5, 1808, died Jan. 13, 1878. Maria J., his wife, born March 15, 1810, died Dec. 9, 1882. Charles E. A. Bartlett, born Sept. 5, 1836, died April 4, 1900, Capt. Co. K, 6th Reg. Mass. Vols. Harriet M., his wife, March 11, 1903. Eliza H., widow of the late Dea. Amos Byam, April 20, 1884. Age, 85 yrs., 4 mos., 14 d. S. Jennie, wife of John Byfield, born Oct. 26, 1848, died Jan. 16, 1889. Our babe, A. M. B. Relief Spaulding, wife of Henry Byam, March 4, 1802, Oct. 23, 1891. William F. Bowers, June 24, 1827, Dec. 7, 1894. Hannah R. F. Bowers, Jan. 14, 1826, July 12, 1897. Josiah Fletcher, son of Wm. F. and Hannah R. F. Bowers, May 13, 1863. Age, 6 yrs., 11 mos., 15 d. George Roby, 2d son of Wm. F. and Hannah R. F. Bowers, Feb. 23, 1864. Age, 6 yrs., 1 mo., 14 d. Lydia M., wife of I. Woodard Brown, April 8, 1830, died July 2, 1897. George H. Byam, 1829-1897. Ellen M. Richardson, his wife, 1830-1901. Jacob P. Brown, 1824-1903. Faustina A. Brown, 1862-1884. Mary J. Byam, June 14, 1911. Age, 74 yrs., 6 mos., 8 d. Susan Kittredge Brown, June 26, 1910. Age, 86 yrs. Edith M. Byam, March 28, 1901. William Brenner, Jan. 24, 1900. Age, 63 yrs., 11 mos., 1 d. George Adams Byam, June 24, 1912. Age, 68 yrs., 7 mos., 25 d. Benard Haines Byam, June 8, 1910. Age, 30 yrs., 7 mos., 20 d. Revere Colby Byam, Dec. 7, 1908. Age, 7 mos., 18 d. Mildred Armstrong Byfield, Sept. 18, 1891. Age, 17 yrs., 15 d. Charles Bent, April 22, 1906. Age, 84 yrs., 7 mos., 5 d. Frances E. Brown, Aug. 8, 1901. Age, 63 yrs., 7 mos., 15 d. Charies W. Byam, 1832—1915. Mary Jane Proctor, his wife, 1836 — 1911. Mary, wife of Thomas Chamberlain, Feb. 8, 1692. Age, 88 yrs. Mrs. Mary Clark, Dec. 3, 1700. Age, 53 yrs. Rev. Thomas Clark, Dec. 7, 1704. Age, 52 yrs. [See page 71.] Susanna Chamberlin, wife to Joseph Chamberiin, Dec. 2, 1717. Age, 26 yrs. Mrs. Anna Chamberlin, wife to Mr. Samuel Chamberlin, April 21, 1720. Age, 29 yrs. Mr. Samuel Chamberiin, Feb. 16, 1723. Age, 30 yrs., 7 mos. Mr. Matthias Cowdry, Oct. 15, 1739. Age, 41 yrs., 9 d. Mr. Samuel Chamberiin, Feb. 16, 1745. Age, 30 yrs., 7 mos. Mrs. Abigail Chamberlain, wife of Capt. Samuel Chamberlain, May 16, 1760. Age, 76 yrs., 4 mos., 10 d. Ensign Benjamin Chamberlain, April 30, 1763. Age, 69 yrs. Capt. Samuel Chamberlain, April 12, 1767. Age, 87 yrs., 2 mos., 21 d. Mrs. Elizabeth Clark, wife of Jonas Clark, Esq., April 27, 1767. Age, 74 yrs. Col. Jonas Clark, April 28, 1770. Age, 86 yrs. Rebecka Chamberiin, dau. of Mr. Phinehas and Mrs. Rebecka Chamberlin, Jan. 9, 1773. Age, 2 yrs., 4 mos., 11 d. Mrs. Lydia Chamberlin, wife of Mr. Jacob Chamberlin, May 31, 1775. Age, 46 yrs., 2 d. Mrs. Rebeckah Chamberlin, wife of Mr. Phinehas Chamberlin, Aug. 12, 1775. Age, 30 yrs. Rebeckah Chamberlin, ye 2d. dau. of Mr. Phinehas Chamberlin and Mrs. Rebeckah, his wife, Aug. 31, 1775. Age, 2 mos., 7 d. Mr. Timothy Clark, April 15, 1790. Age, 64 yrs. Mrs. Bettey Chamberlin, wife of Mr. Isaac Chamberlin, July 12, 1795. Age, 40 yrs. Mr. Jacob Chamberiin, Feb. 9, 1800. Age, 73 yrs. Mrs. Judeath Chamberlin, wife of Mr. Jacob Chamberlin, July 8, 1801. Age, 26 yrs. BURYING GROUNDS 727 Ichabut Chamberlin, son of Capt. Isaac and Mrs. Sarah Chamberlin, April 4, 1807. Age, 3 mos. Mr. Benjamin Chamberlin, Dec. 26, 1812. Age, 79 yrs. Also Mrs. Susanna Chamberlin, his consort, Oct. 7, 1801. Age, 63 yrs. Mr. Phineas Chamberlin, July 4, 1813. Age, 67 yrs. Mrs. Letitia Caldwell, wife of Mr. John Caldwell, Aug. 21, 1819. Age, 79 yrs. Harriet M. Chamberlain, May 22, 1821. Age, 4 yrs., 23 d. Moriah J. Chamberlain, dau. of Mr. Isaac and Mrs. Olive Chamberlain, Nov. 27, 1821. Age, 2 yrs., 3 d. [See also Manning tomb.] Mrs. Susannah and Mrs. Dorothy, wives of Mr. David Carlton. The former, Oct. 4, 1823. Age, 20 yrs. The latter, Nov. 30, 1825. Age, 23 yrs. Abigail Ann, dau. of Mr. Roger and Mrs. Lydia Chandler, Oct. 9, 1825. Age, 8 j'rs. Capt. Isaac Chamberlain, Dec. 18, 1827. Age, 72 yrs. Mr. Joseph Chamberlain, Dec. 19, 1830. Age, 57 yrs. Mr. Isaac Chamberlain, March 28, 1834. Age, 46 yrs. Mrs. Dorcas, relict of Doct. Charles Coffin, Nov. 16, 1836. Age, 57 yrs. Sarah, wife of Capt. Isaac Chamberlin, Jan. 12, 1840. Age, 71 yrs., 7 mos. Mrs. Mary, wife of Joseph Chamberlain, Oct. 20, 1845. Age, 78 yrs. John Carlton, Sept. 15, 1846. Age, 85 yrs. Also Sarah, his wife, Oct. 25, 1825. Age, 55 yrs. David Carlton, May 14, 1848. Age, 58 yrs. Sarah, his wife, Sept. 14, 1845. Age, 41 yrs. Mary J., their dau., June 17, 1849. Age, 16 yrs., 4 mos. John G. Clogston, Oct. 13, 1868. Age, 65 yrs., 4 mos. Mary B., his wife, Jan. 18, 1891. Age, 84 yrs., 4 mos., 4 d. William Carlton, May 8, 1864. Age, 33 yrs. David Carlton, Sept. 26, 1864. Age, 39 yrs. Susan Carhon, July 18, 1870. Age, 42 yrs. See also Warren and Carlton Tomb. Mrs. Olive Chamberlin, Feb. 2, 1864. Age, 72 yrs. Nelson O. Cook, of Co. H., 10th Regt. Vt. Infantry, was killed in battle at Cold Harbor, Va., June 7, 1864. Age, 40 yrs. Clement H., son of Nelson O. and Sarah Cook, Aug. 26, 1871. Age, 20 yrs., 11 mos. George Corey, Feb. 16, 1865. Age, 40 yrs., 1 mo., 4 d. Harriet L., wife of George Corev, April 10, 1886. Age, 60 yrs., 8 mos., 23 d. Joseph W. Clark, Aug. 28, 1805, Dec. 26, 1882. Elizabeth A. Prescott, wife of J. W. Clark, born March 31, 1809, died June 6, 1881. Sarah C. Carlton, Sept. 18, 1884. Age, 63 yrs. Electa M. Carlton, April 3, 1901. Age, 72 yrs. Clouston. [See A, 1885.] Charles Danforth Clark, Dec. 19, 1907. Age, 75 yrs., 1 mo., 6 d. Charlotte A. Clark, Aug. 1, 1896. Age, 61 yrs., 2 mos., 29 d. David B. Copeland, May 14, 1906. Age, 65 yrs., 8 mos., 5 d. Leroy A. Cheney, May 21, 1910. Age, 22 yrs., 7 mos. Charles R. Cook, Dec. 17, 1905. Age, 58 yrs., 1 mo. Asenath Manning Chamberlain, Feb. 28, 1909. Age, 80 yrs., 8 mos., 20 d. D Mrs. Mary Dutton, wife to Mr. James Dutton, Feb. 9, 1724. Age, 53 yrs. Jonas Dunn, son of Mr. Benjamin and Mrs. Phebe Dunn, Dec. 31, 1773. Age, 5 yrs., 11 mos., 10 d. Mrs. Elizabeth Dunn, wife of Mr. James Dunn, July 18, 1774. Age, 58 yrs., 8 mos., 4 d. Mrs. Elizabeth Davis, 2d wife of Mr. Jonathan Davis, Sept. 11, 1775. Age, 30 yrs., 4 mos., 7 d. Elisha Davis, son of Mr. Moses Davis and Mrs. Lydia, his wife, Sept. 18, 1775. Age, 1 yr., 4 mos., 7 d. 728 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Betty Dunn, dau. of Mr. Joseph Dunn and Mrs. Mary, his wife, Aug. 23, 1778. Age, 7 yrs., 9 d. Mr. Joseph Dunn, Dec. 21, 1778. Age, 41 yrs., 7 mos., 10 d. Mr. Thomas Davis, Jan. 12, 1788. Age, 40 yrs. Mr. Joshua Davis, Feb. 11, 1792. Age, 49 yrs. Mrs. Betty Davis, wife of Mr. Joshua Davis, Dec. 3, 1769. Age, 22 yrs., 8 mos., 15 d. The only dau. of Mr. Ephraim and Mrs. Betty Blood. Mr. James Dunn, April 18, 1803. Age, 88 yrs. Mr. Joshua Davis, Feb. 3, 1805. Age, 34 yrs. Mr. Moses Davis, June 21, 1806. Died at 65 yrs. Family tomb of Mr. James Dunn and Charity L. Dunn, built 1819. Tomb of Samuel Dunn. [See Hodgman.] Johnson Davis, Oct. 7, 1826. Age, 56 yrs. Betsy, wife of Johnson Davis, Nov. 26, 1861. Age, 84 yrs. Mrs. Phebe, wife of Samuel Davis, Esq., Sept. 18, 1828. Age, 53 yrs. Bridgett, wife of Seth Ditson, July 31, 1837. Age, 79 yrs. Elizabeth J. B., wife of H. P. Dutton, Dec. 15, 1841. Age, 26 yrs. Also an infant child in same grave. Children of William Dearden — Simon Dearden, born 1780, died 1845. Martha, his wife, born 1782, died 1848. Sarah F., wife of William Dearden, born July 29, 1818, died April 5, 1856. William Ferriday, born 1843, died 1845. Martha S., born 1856, died 1856. Sarah Elizabeth, born 1859, died 1860. Cyrus, son of William and Maria Durant, Jan. 25, 1847. Age, 7 yrs., 12 d. Augustine M., son of David and Martha Dickinson, Nov. 28, 1850. Age, 21 yrs., 8 mos. Amos W. Dutton, April 12, 1851. Age, 45 yrs. David Dutton, Feb. 7, 1850. Age, 83 yrs. Hannah, wife of David Dutton, March 13, 1846. Age, 70 yrs. Samuel Davis, Esq., Aug. 14, 1855. Age, 90 yrs., 4 mos. Julia M., dau. of C. H. and L. Dupee, July 30, 1852. Age, 1 yr., 11 mos. Georgiana, dau. of C. H. and L. Dupee, Feb. 28, 1858. Age, 1 yr., 10 mos. Hildreth P. Dutton, Oct. 27, 1859. Age, 45 yrs., 10 mos. Abigail, widow of Hildreth P. Dutton, June 4, 1867. Age, 44 yrs., 2 mos., 10 d. Almira R., dau. of Hildreth P. and Abigail Dutton, born Oct. 5, 1851, died Aug. 7, 1854. David Dickinson, Feb. 6, 1860. Age, 68 yrs. Sabia Dunn, Nov. 18, 1861. Age, 63 yrs. Jerusha Dustin, wife of Nathan'l Dustin, June 21, 1861. Age, 84 yrs., 7 mos. Nath'l Dustin, April 11, 1851. Age, 69 yrs. Dea. John Day, Dec. 2, 1864. Age, 70 yrs., 9 mos. Martha, wife of Dea. John Day, Oct. 13, 1867. Age, 66 yrs., 8 mos. Elijah N., son of J. and M. Day, June 26, 1864. Age, 25 yrs., 3 mos. Mary E. Perham, wife of Charles Dutton, 1840-1869. Little Charley, 1868. Darius Dutton, June 10, 1868. Age, 65 yrs. Abigail, wife of Darius Dutton, Nov. 15, 1877. Age, 63 yrs. Elbridge Dutton, June 4, 1810, Nov. 18, 1879. Laura M., his wife, died Dec. 12, 1883. Age, 66 yrs. Edwin E. Dutton, Aug. 2, 1841, Jime 4, 1901. Grace S., dau. of S. L. and S. P. Dutton, June 21, 1868, Dec. 28, 1880. Abigail P. Dadman, Oct. 1, 1880. Age, 91 yrs. Nathan P. Dadman, Oct. 5, 1880. Age, 62 yrs. Martha L. Dadman, Dec. 26, 1893. Age, 74 yrs. Belle A. Dadman, born Dec. 28, 1844, died Aug. 7, 1896. Nathan Clifton, son of Nathan P. and Martha L. Dadman, Oct. 1, 1858. Age, 7 yrs., 5 mos., 11 d. Martha Ellen Dadmun, Oct. 27, 1847— Jan. 2, 1916. Luella A. Davis, born Nov. 21, 1867, died Aug. 24, 1886. Caroline A. Parkhurst, wife of Charles Dutton, 1843-1889. Little Carl, 1872. Eliza T. Dean, Dec. 31, 1811, March 17, 1894. Alfred Day, April 10, 1826, June 21, 1894, member of Co. C, 6 Reg. M. V. M. BURYING GROUNDS 729 Lewis M. Dutton, born Jan. 17, 1849, died May 12, 1895. Lizanna Perham, his wife, Dec. 7, 1854, Feb. 20, 1899. Persis M. Griffin, wife of Henry P. Davis, May 5, 1831, Nov. 17, 1905. Barny Prescott Dickenson. Elvira Stanley Dickenson, July 10, 1911. Age, 78 yrs. Edward E. Dutton, June 4, 1901. Age, 59 yrs., 10 mos., 2 d. Henry Prescott Davis, Feb. 27, 1909. Age, 80 yrs., 3 mos., 27 d. Persis M. Davis, Nov. 17, 1905. Age, 74 yrs., 6 mos., 12 d. Horace Comstock Dean, Nov. 21, 1908. Age, 100 yrs., 1 mo., 3 d. Susan A. Dutton, Jan. 19, 1897. Age, 30 yrs., 4 mos., 6 d. Samuel Lane Dutton, May 27, 1910. Age, 74 yrs., 10 mos., 12 d. Surviah Parkhurst (Stevens) Dutton, Jan. 16, 1914. Age, 75 yrs., 10 mos., 11 d. Bertha Hutchinson Dutton, Oct. 24, 1915. Age, 45 yrs., 6 mos., 21 d. E John Emerson, son of Mr. Joseph and Mrs. Elizabeth Emerson, July ID, 1772. Age, 5 mos., 3 d. Mrs. Elizabeth Emerson, wife of Mr. Joseph Emerson, Oct. 23, 1773. Age, 23 yrs., 11 mos., 13 d. Mr. Zechariah Emery, Aug. 30, 1776. Age, 86 yrs. Elizabeth Emerson, dau. of Mr. Joseph Emerson and Mrs. Ruth Emerson, Nov. 19, 1782. Age, 4 yrs. Mrs. Thankful Emery, wife of Mr. Zachariah Emery, Aug. 31, 1785. Age, 75 yrs. Capt. Joseph Emerson, Nov. 22, 1792. Age, 46 yrs., 2 d, Ruth Emerson, Feb. 7, 1804. Age, 59 yrs. Bryant Emerson, Nov. 5, 1846. Age, 45 yrs. Hannah A. Bradford, his wife, Oct. 2, 1884. Age, 79 yrs. Children of Bryant and Hannah A. B. Emerson — John Bryant, 1852. Age, 21 yrs. Died on passage to California. Hannah Eliza, Aug. 31, 1837. Age, 1 yr., 2 mos., 22 d. Mary E. Emerson, Aug. 16, 1867. Age, 11 mos., 9 d. John N. Esty, Oct. 5, 1862. Age, 56 yrs. Sarah B., his wife, July 27, 1872. Age, 65 yrs. Children of John N. and Sarah B. Esty — John Minot, died in the service of his country, Aug. 14, 1864. Age, 21 yrs. Sarah Jane, died Dec. 10, 1864. Age, 17 yrs. Mary Abigail, died April 30, 1847. Age, 3 yrs. Owen Emerson, Oct. 24, 1796, May 2, 1873. Louisa B., his wife. May 24, 1803, Feb. 1, 1851. Rachel, wife of Owen Emerson, April 15, 1810, Dec. 18, 1886. Children of Owen and Louisa B. Emerson — John O., July 7, 1826, Nov. 23, 1846. Joseph L., Aug. 4, 1824, Sept. 7, 1825. Mary R., Jan. 7, 1828, Jan. 5, 1840. John B. Emerson, Jan. 1, 1873. Age, 2 yrs., 11 mos., 20 d. Agnes B. Emerson, 1873. Age, 4 yrs. Emma, dau. of Jasper and Caroline A., died May 6, 1874. Age, 21 yrs. Jonathan Emerson, June 9, 1868. Age, 87 yrs., 6 mos., 1 d. Martha Bailey, his wife, Aug. 8, 1879. Age, 92 yrs., 8 mos., 7 d. Louis F. Emerson, Aug. 9, 1858, Sept. 16, 1876. Helen M. Emerson, March 9, 1879. Age, 1 yr., 8 mos., 9 d. Levander Emerson, died at Port of Spain, Trinidad, B. W. I., April 8, 1880. Age, 34 yrs., 3 mos., 5 d. Rhoda A., wife of Burt Emerson, Jan. 25, 1880. Age, 41 yrs., 8 mos., 20 d. Martha L., dau. of Burt and Rhoda A. Emerson, Sept. 12, 1885. Age, 14 yrs., 6 mos., 29 d. Mero Chapman, son of Burt and Rhoda A. Emerson, March 27, 1888. Age, 20 yrs. Robert M., son of John P. and Ella G. Eaton, Aug. 6, 1881. Age, 17 mos. Joseph B. Emerson, 1886. Age, 53 yrs. Rebecca Kittredge Emerson, 1817-1884. Addie L., wife of W. B. Emerson, Jan. 10, 1887. Age, 20 yrs. Adams Emerson, Feb. 5, 1890. Age, 50 yrs., 9 mos., 13 d. 730 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Dudley B. Emerson, March 27, 1878. Age, 69 yrs., 7 mos., 1 d. Lucy A., his wife, Nov. 7, 1888. Age, 71 yrs., 1 mo., 6 d. James A., son of James P. and Addie E. Emerson, Oct. 2, 1893. Age, 19 yrs. Rufus Francis Emerson, Sept. 19, 1835, Dec. 16, 1899. Ephraim Elliott, born July 1, 1832, died Feb. 27, 1900. Harry Bryant, son of Jas. P. and Addie E. Emerson, Jan. 15, 1901. Age, 35 yrs. Sarah P. Byam, wife of Joseph B. Emerson, 1902. Age, 68 yrs. George Edgar Emerson, Feb. 5, 1913. Age, 75 yrs., 2 mos., 3 d. Addie E. Emerson, Feb. 11, 1907. Age, 64 yrs., 3 mos., 19 d. Hannah Bradford Emerson, Oct. 12, 1884. Age, 79 yrs., 2 d. Eliza Jane Emerson, June 29, 1912. Age, 73 yrs., 2 mos., 24 d. Henry Herbert Emerson, Oct. 22, 1904. Age, 62 yrs., 9 mos., 6 d. Joseph Elliott, Dec. 30, 1910. Age, 84 yrs., 8 mos., 28 d. F The Rev. John Fiske. This cenotaph is erected by the Fiske family of Chelmsford to the memory of the Rev. John Fiske, first pastor of Chelmsford, who was born at South Elmham, Suffolk Co., England, about the year 1601. In 1637, he came to New England. In 1644, he gathered a church at Wenham, Mass., and continued as its pastor until 1656 [1655], when he removed with the greater part of his church to Chelmsford, where he ministered, both as pastor and physician, greatly respected and beloved until his death, January 14, 1676, at the age of 76 years. Fiske. Erected in 1899. [See also tomb of Moses Hale and Benjamin Fiske, 1815]. Samuel, son of Samuel and Mary Fletcher, Feb. 1, 1697. Age, 11 d. Samuel Fletcher, Dec. 9, 1697. Age, 65 yrs. Thomas, son of Samuel and Mary Fletcher, April 3, 1698. Age, 4 yrs., 10 mos. Esther Foster, wife to Samuel Foster, April 16, 1702. Age, 70 yrs. Deacon Samuel Foster, July 10, 1702. Age, 83 yrs. Samuel Fletcher, Jan. 24, 1704/5. Age, 40 yrs., 6 mos. Mary Fletcher, wife of Samuel Fletcher, Jan. 30, 1704. Age, 28 yrs. Mrs. Joanna Fletcher, wife of Josiah Fletcher, Oct. 3, 1768. Age, 79 yrs. Lieut. William Fletcher, May 23, 1712. Age, 35 yrs., 4 mos. Edward Foster, Feb. 22, 1715/16. Age, about 39 yrs. Mrs. Sarah Fletcher, wife to Mr. Samuel Fletcher, Jan. 27, 1718. Age, 63 yrs. Joanna, dau. of Josiah and Joanna Fletcher, April 13, 1718. Age, 2 yrs., 7 mos. Mrs. Mary Fletcher, wife to William Fletcher, Dec. 13, 1721. Age, 39 years. Mrs. Rebeckah Foster, wife to Mr. Edward Foster, Oct. 30, 1722. Age, about 62 yrs. Samson Fletcher, son of Mr. William and Mrs. Mary Fletcher, March, 1725. Age, 2 yrs., 1 mo. Simeon Foster, son of Mr. Ebenezer and Mrs. Lydia Foster, Feb. 6, 1726. Age, 2 mos., 4 d. Mr. Joshua Fletcher, Sept. 15, 1727. Age, 26 yrs., 4 mos., 15 d. Mrs. Lydia Foster, wife to Mr. Ebenezer Foster, March 19, 1737. Age, 38 yrs., 6 mos. Esther Fletcher, dau. of Mr. Joshua and Mrs. Elizabeth Fletcher, Oct. 27, 1737. Age, 11 yrs., 1 mo., 13 d. Joshua Fletcher, son of Mr. Joshua and Mrs. Elizabeth Fletcher, Nov. 5, 1737. Age, 13 yrs., 3 mos., 26 d. Jonathan Fletcher, son of Lieut. William and Mrs. Mary Fletcher, Nov. 14, 1739. Age, 18 yrs., 3 mos., 22 d. Lieut. Edward Foster, July 12, 1741. Age, 51 yrs., 5 mos., 13 d. William Fletcher, Jan. 27, 1742. Age, 52 yrs. Mrs. Tabitha Fletcher, wife of Mr. William Fletcher, Feb. 6, 1742. Age, 52 yrs. Lieut. William Fletcher, March 21, 1744. Age, 71 yrs. Lydia Foster, dau. of Mr. Ebenezer and Mrs. Lydia Foster, Nov. 8, 1745. Age, 22 yrs., 11 mos., 22 d. BURYING GROUNDS 731 Mrs. Lydia Fletcher, wife of Mr. Andrew Fletcher, Feb. 9, 1746. Age, 24 yrs., 4 d. William Foster, son of Mr. William and Mrs. Hannah Foster, Feb. 20, 1749. Age, 4 yrs., 5 mos., 8 d. Aaron Foster, son of Mr. William and Mrs. Hannah Foster, Nov. 4, 1753. Age, 2 yrs., 9 mos., 8 d. Mr. Ebenezer Foster, May 13, 1756. Age, 65 yrs. William Foster, son of Mr. William and Mrs. Hannah Foster, July 3, 1756. Age, 1 yr., 2 mos., 5 d. Sarah Fletcher, dau. of Mr. Thomas and Mrs. Mary Fletcher, Aug. 20, 1758. Age, 1 mo., 24 d. Mr. Andrew Fletcher, son of Mr. Josiah and Mrs. Joanna Fletcher, April 23, 1759. Age, 37 yrs., 6 mos., 24 d. Mr. Josiah Fletcher, Jan. 30, 1760. Age, 73 yrs. Ephraim Fletcher, son of Mr. Samuel and Mrs. Deborah Fletcher, Nov. 7, 1763. Age, 3 mos. Mr. Henrey Fletcher, June 1, 1764. Age, 35 yrs., 16 d. Thomas Fletcher, son of Mr. Thomas and Mrs. Mary Fletcher, July 4, 1764. Age, 3 yrs., 4 mos., 29 d. Benjamin Fletcher, son of Mr. Andrew and Mrs. Elizabeth Fletcher, July 25, 1764. Age, 4 yrs., 8 mos., 26 d. Elizabeth Fletcher, dau. of Mr. Andrew and Mrs. Elizabeth Fletcher, July 30, 1764. Age, 11 yrs., 4 mos., 6 d. Jonathan Fletcher, son of Mr. Andrew and Mrs. Elizabeth Fletcher, Aug. 9, 1764. Age, 8 yrs., 10 mos., 9 d. Mrs. Mary Fletcher, wife of Lieut. William Fletcher, Feb. 23, 1768. Age, 85 yrs. Mrs. Joanna Fletcher, wife of Mr. Josiah Fletcher, Oct. 1, 1768. Age, 70 yrs. Lydia Fletcher, dau. of Mr. Thomas Fletcher and Mrs. Mary, his wife. [Buried Nov 30, 1770.] Age, 5 yrs., 4 mos., 13 d. Mr. Thomas Fletcher, Aug. 7, 1771. Age, 61 yrs. Oliver Fletcher, Esq., Nov. 30, 1771. Age, 63 yrs. Mr. Benjamin Fletcher, Dec. 23, 1772. Age, 57 yrs. Mr. Isaiah Foster, Dec. 25, 1776. Age, 27 yrs. Mr. Noah Foster, son of Mr. William and Mrs. Hannah Foster, died at Stillwater in the service of his country, Oct. 7, 1777. Age, 20 yrs. Mrs. Remembrance Fletcher, wife of Mr. Robert Fletcher, Feb. 13, 1778. s Age, 59 yrs. Mrs. Hannah Fletcher, wife of Lieut. Benj. Fletcher, Sept. 26, 1778. Age, 30 yrs. Also four of their children — Rebeckah Fletcher, Sept. 24, 1778. Age, — . Jeptha Fletcher, Sept. 26, 1778. Age, 4 yrs. Mary Fletcher, Oct. 3, 1778. Age, 9 yrs. Sarah Fletcher, Oct. 5, 1778. Age, 6 yrs. Mrs. Lydia Fletcher, wife of Mr. William Fletcher, Jan. 18, 1779. Age, 28 yrs., 8 mos., 16 d. Jemima Fletcher, dau. of Mr. William Fletcher and Mrs. Lydia, his wife, Sept. 24, 1779. Age, 3 yrs., 10 mos. Mr. Robert Fletcher, March 5, 1781. Age, 68 yrs. Susa Fletcher, dau. of Mr. William Fletcher and Mrs. Lucy, his wife, Feb. 10, 1785. Age, 6 yrs., 5 mos., 19 d. Mary, wife of Josiah Fletcher, June 9, 1781. Age, 58 yrs. Mr. William Foster, March 11, 1786. Age, 70 yrs. Mrs. Anna Foster, the wife of Mr. Isaiah Foster, May 25, 1786. Age, 63 yrs. Mrs. Mary Fletcher, wife to Mr. William Fletcher, Dec. 13, 1791. Age, 39 yrs. Mr. John Freeland, Jan. 17, 1801. Age, 61 yrs. Mrs. Mary Foster, relict of Mr. Eben Foster, June 23, 1787. Age, 88 yrs., 2 weeks. Mrs. Hannah Foster, wife of Mr. William Foster, July 3, 1795. Age, 71 yrs. Mr. Joseph Farrar, April 20, 1797. Age, 79 yrs. Mr. Aaron Fletcher, July 20, 1801. Age, 22 yrs. Mr. Peter Farrer, March 5, 1804. Age, 36 yrs. Mr. Jonas Farrer, June 5, 1806. Age, 45 yrs. 732 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Mrs. Mirriam Fletcher, wife of Mr. Henry Fletcher, Obt., June 19, 1806. Age, 31 yrs. Mrs. Deborah Farrer, wife of Mr. Joseph Farrer, June 30, 1808. Age, 81 yrs. Benjamin Fletcher, son of Mr. Aaron and Mrs. Sally Fletcher, Sept. 29, 1810. Age, 3 yrs., 8 d. Mrs. Betsy Fletcher, wife of Mr. Adams Fletcher, Dec. 4, 1811. Age, 28 yrs. Mrs. Mary, relict of Mr. John Freeland, Sept. 9, 1826. Age, 76 yrs. Mr. John Farrar, Jan. 22, 1830. Age, 62 yrs. Josiah Fletcher, Dec. 28, 1869. Age, 84 yrs., 9 mos. Hannah Fletcher, wife of Josiah Fletcher, June 9, 1836. Age, 41 yrs., 9 mos. Family tomb of William and S. Josiah Fletcher, who descended from Wm. Fletcher, who came from England and settled in Chelmsford. Built, 1813. No. 7. Mary, wife of Josiah Fletcher, died June 9, 1781. Age, 58 yrs. Josiah Fletcher, died July 18, 1803. Age, 83 yrs. Lucy, wife of William Fletcher, died Dec. 19, 1814. Age, 61 yrs. Dr. Ezekiel H. Fletcher, son of William Fletcher, died Aug. 15, 1817. Age, 31 yrs. Marcy M. R. Abbott, dau. of Caleb A., Esq., and Marcy, his wife, died Aug. 21, 1825. Age, 17 yrs. [Mary Maria: so given in the church record.] Mary C. Pulsifer, wife of Capt. David P., of Salem, and dau. of Josiah Fletcher and Zilpha, his wife, died April 7, 1826. Age, 20 yrs. John Farrar, Jan. 22, 1830. Age, 62 yrs. Elizabeth, wife of John Farrar, March 5, 1844. Age, 70 yrs. Joseph E., son of Oliver and Mary Farmer, Oct. 29, 1851. Age, 19 yrs. Josiah Fletcher, Dec. 28, 1869. Age, 84 yrs., 9 mos. Hannah, his wife, June 9, 1836. Age, 41 yrs., 9 mos. Mary Kate Fletcher, Aug. 13, 1866. Age, 17 yrs. Gardner Fletcher, June 13, 1871. Age, 79 yrs. Frances G., his wife, June 26, 1871. Age, 75 yrs. Charles F., son of Wm. and Diantha E. Fletcher, Sept. 27, 1874. Age, 28 yrs. Angle A., wife of Charles F. Fletcher, Sept. 13, 1877. Age, 28 yrs. M. Katie, dau. of Charles F. and Angle A. Fletcher, Aug. 12, 1870. Age, 1 yr., 3 mos. Mrs. Mary Farmer, April 20, 1798. Dec. 22, 1880. William Fletcher, June 22, 1893. Age, 73 yrs. Diantha E., wife of Wm. Fletcher, Sept. 9, 1866. Age, 50 yrs. Eliza A. Warren, wife of William Fletcher, Feb. 15, 1903. Age, 75 yrs. Daughters of Wm. and Diantha E. Fletcher— Mary K., Aug. 13, 1866. Age, 17 yrs. D. Elizabeth, Jan. 27, 1874. Age, 19 yrs. Josiah Richardson Fletcher, Nov. 29, 1911. Age, 89 yrs., 8 mos., 10 d. Eliza E. Streeter, wife of Josiah R. Fletcher, Dec. 3, 1832— Feb. — , 1886. Howard Brooks Flemings, Jan. 9, 1912. Age, 21 d. Everett Richardson Files, Aug. 12, 1909. Age, 26 yrs., 28 d. William Rufus Fowle, Oct. 22, 1909. Age, 64 yrs., 3 mos., 5 d. Harriet A. Fletcher, Jan. 30, 1912. Age, 77 yrs., 8 mos., 12 d. Joseph Merrill Fletcher, Feb. 19, 1915. Age, 86 yrs., 4 mos., 19 d. G Mary Goold, dau. of Mr. Benjamin and Mrs. Sarah Goold, Nov. 8, 1736. Age, 3 yrs., 9 mos., 26 d. Benjamin Gould, son of Mr. Benjamin and Mrs. Sarah Gould, March 18, 1741. Age, 18 yrs., 7 mos., 11 d. Rachel Goold, dau. of Ebenezer Goold and Olive, his wife, Dec. 4, 1754. Age, 1 yr., 1 mo., 4 d. Mr. Benjamin Goold, Dec. 28, 1765. Age, 70 yrs., 2 mos., 15 d. Mrs. Mary Goold, Aug. 5, 1769. Age, 77 yrs., 7 mos. Miss Ruth Goold, dau. of Deacon Ebenezer and Mrs. Olive Goold, April 18, 1785. Age, 22 yrs., 6 mos., 14 d. Mrs. Olive Goold, wife of Deacon Ebenezer Goold, Oct. 6, 1790. Age, 59 yrs., 3 mos., 13 d. BURYING GROUNDS 733 Miss Olive Goold, dau. of Deacon Eben Goold and Mrs. Olive, his wife, March 5, 1792. Age, 40 yrs., 4 mos., 3 d. Mrs. Sarah Graves, relict of Mr. Moses Graves and formerly of Mr. Benj. Goold, April 4, 1798. Age, 90 yrs. Joseph Philips Goold, son of Mr. Reuben Goold and Mrs. M., Feb. 21, 1795. Age, 6 mos., 6 d. Doctor Ichabod Gibson, May 10, 1810. Age, 43 yrs. Mr. Benjamin Gould, Feb. 14, 1813. Age, 56 yrs., and his wife, Mrs. Sarah Gould, Feb. 11, 1813. Age, 57 yrs. Miss Nancy Gould, dau. of Mr. Benjamin and Mrs. Sarah Gould, Sept. 5, 1815. Age, 17 yrs. Dea. Ebenezer Gould, April 6, 1816. Age, 90 yrs. Officiated as a Deacon in the church, 35 years. Taught the first singing school in town. Mrs. Catherine Grav, wife of Mr. Peter Gray, Sept. 20, 1822. Age, 41 yrs. Miss Mary Gould, Aug. 20, 1825. Age, 29 yrs. Miss Ruth Gould, March 23, 1831. Age, 39 yrs. Louisa, wife of Amos Green, March 16, 1847. Age, 40 yrs. Amos Green, born May 22, 1796, died Jan. 25, 1849. Julia A., wife of Leonard O. Grover, July 27, 1853. Age, 25 yrs. Mary, widow of Doct. I. Gibson, Nov. 27, 1853. Age, 90 yrs. George Green, May 17, 1858. Age, 28 yrs. Benj. A. Greene, son of Alonzo and Julia A., Nov. 3, 1862., Nov. 15, 1862. M. Adelaide Russell, wife of Henry Greenwood, Nov. 3, 1864. Age, 27 yrs., 4 mos. Julia C., wife of Charles E. Gale, May 13, 1855— Sept. 5, 1877. Amos Green, Jan. 10, 1896. Age, 63 yrs., 10 mos. Abbie A., wife of Lyman S. Gale, April 18, 1887. Age, 41 yrs., 2 mos., 13 d. Alice May, dau. of Alonzo G. and Julia A. Greene, March 13, 1869, Sept. 9, 1896. Alice Gertrude Adams, wife of Harry C. Greene, March 20, 1862, Oct. 28, 1904. Walter G. Goucher, April 1, 1910. Age, 82 yrs., 11 mos., 25 d. Sarah L Goucher, Aug. 2, 1909. Age, 82 yrs., 4 mos., 26 d. Alonzo Gardner Greene, Oct. 21, 1910. Age, 73 yrs., 1 mo., 11 d. H Richard Hildreth, Feb. 23, 1693. Age, 88 yrs. Corronet Nathaniel Hill, May 14, 1706. Age, 64 yrs. Major Thomas Hinchman, July 17, 1703. Age, 74 yrs. He was not mighty with the sword, but through his skillful management, the barbarities of the savages were averted. Peace hath her victories no less renowned than War. — Milton. Mr. Nathaniel Howard, Sen., Jan. 21, 1709/10. Age, about 67 yrs. Jonathan Hill, March 24, 1710. Age, 36 yrs. Jean Hill, Nov. 15, 1711. Age, 30 yrs. John Hildreth, son of Joseph and Abigail, March 17, 1714/15. Age, 17 yrs. Elizabeth Hildreth, dau. of Joseph and Abigail, Sept. 4, 1716. Age, 14 yrs. John Hildreth, son of Mr. Richard and Mrs. Dorcas Hildreth, March 10, 1724. Age, 21 yrs. Mrs. Elizabeth Hildreth, wife to Mr. James Hildreth, Feb. 18, 1727. Age, 21 yrs. Mrs. Dorcas Hildreth, wife to Mr. Richard Hildreth, May 10, 1727. Age, 48 yrs. Mrs. Sarah Hildreth, wife to Mr. Richard Hildreth, April 5, 1735. Age, 58 yrs. Mrs. Joanna Harwood, May 10, 1737. Age, 25 yrs. Mrs. Hannah Hildreth, wife to Mr. Jonathan Hildreth, May 16, 1737. Age, 27 yrs., 4 mos., 9 d. Widow Sarah Howard, relict of Mr. Nathan Howard, Sept. 28, 1739. Age, 85 yrs. Mrs. Mary Howard, wife of Mr. Benjamin Howard, Jan. 27, 1741. Age, 47 vrs. 734 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Nathaniel Howard, son of Mr. Benjamin and Mrs. Mary Howard, Jan. 29, 1741/2. Age, 22 yrs. Mrs. Mary How, relict of Thomas How, Esq., of Marlborough, May 7, 1741. Age, 73 yrs. Mrs. Sarah Hildreth, wife of Mr. Jonas Hildreth, Nov. 11, 1746. Age, 24 yrs., 9 d. Mr. Benjamin Howard, son to Mr. Benjamin and Mrs. Mary Howard, May 16, 1754. Age, 30 yrs., 3 mos., 10 d. Mrs. Mary Harwood, wife of Mr. Jonathan Harwood, Dec. 27, 1754. Age, 37 yrs. Mrs. Mary Hildreth, wife of Mr. Jonas Hildreth, Sept. 25, 1757. Age, 33 5'rs., 1 mo., 9 d. Mr. Jonathan Howard, Sept. 14, 1758. Age, 77 or 78 yrs. Sarah Howard, wife of Mr. Jona. Howard, Oct. 6, 1736. Age, 54 yrs. Mr. Benjamin Howard, Jan. 19, 1760. Age, 68 yrs., 9 mos. Ensign Richard Hildreth, April 26, 1760. Age, 83 yrs. Joanna Howard, dau. of Mr. Jacob and Mrs. Rachel Howard, Aug. 3, 1764. Age, 9 yrs., 8 mos., 7 d. Mary Howard, dau. of Mr. Samuel and Mrs. Mary Howard, Oct. 21, 1764. Age, 3 yrs., 4 mos., 16 d. Abigail Howard, dau. of Mr. Jacob and Mrs. Rachel Howard, Aug. 5, 1764. Age, 7 yrs., 1 mo., 8 d. Lydia Howard, dau. of Mr. Benjamin and Mrs. Martha Howard, Aug. 15, 1764. Age, 10 yrs., 4 mos., 17 d. Samuel Howard, son of Mr. Samuel and Mrs. Mary Howard, Sept. 15, 1764. Age, 1 yr., 4 mos., 19 d. Mary Howard, dau. of Mr. Samuel and Mrs. Mary Howard, Oct. 21, 1764. Age, 3 yrs., 4 mos., 6 d. Mrs. Judith Harwood, wife of Lieut. Jonathan Harwood, Sept. 15, 1766. Age, 46 yrs., 6 mos., 15 d. Mrs. Lucy Harwood, wife of Lieut. Jonathan Harwood, June 14, 1774. Age, 65 yrs. Lieut. Jonathan Harwood, June 17, 1783. Age, 74 yrs. Miss Lucy Hodgman, dau. of Mr. Josiah and Mrs. Dorothy Hodgman, March 26, 1785. Age, 21 yrs., 7 mos., 1 d. Mrs. Elizabeth Herrick, wife of Mr. Abner Herrick, Nov. 4, 1789. Age, 44 yrs., 7 mos., 4 d. Mr. Samuel Howard of Tyngsborough, son of Mr. Samuel and Mrs. Mary Howard, March 14, 1790. Age, 22 yrs., 11 mos., 14 d. Mrs. Martha Howard, relict of Mr. Benjamin Howard, April 27, 1793. Age, 79 yrs., 11 mos. Erected by Mr. Jonathan Manning. Patty Herrick, dau. of Mr. Abner Herrick and Mrs. Elizabeth, his wife, April 29, 1796. Age, 13 yrs., 3 d. Mr. Nathaniel Howard, July 30, 1796. Age, 36 yrs. Mr. Jacob Howard, March 26, 1798. Age, 78 yrs., 5 mos. Mr. Josiah Hodgman, Feb. 23, 1801. Age, 81 yrs. Timothy Harrington, M. D., Feb. 26, 1802. Age, 49 yrs. Samuel Howard, son of Lieut. Nathaniel Howard and Mrs. Hannah, his wife, Sept. 21, 1803. Age, 1 yr., 2 mos., 2 d. Daniel Flagg Hayden, son of Mr. Daniel and Mrs. Sarah Hayden, Nov. 6, 1803. Age, 7 mos. Hannah Howard, dau. of Lieut. Nathaniel Howard and Mrs. Hannah, his wife, Sept. 26, 1803. Age, 4 yrs., 6 mos., 26 d. Salley M. Hayden, dau. of Mr. Daniel and Mrs. Sarah Hayden, Jan. 22, 1806. Age, 17 mos. Grenville C. Hayden, son of Mr. Daniel and Mrs. Sarah Hayden, March 21, 1806. Age, 5 yrs. Mrs. Dorothy Hodgman, wife of Mr. Josiah Hodgman, May 13, 1811. Age, 91 yrs. Samuel Howard and Elijah Richardson, built A. D. 1813. No. 4. Mrs. Rachel Howard, wife of Mr. Jacob Howard, July 21, 1814. Age, 90 yrs. BURYING GROUNDS 735 The family tomb of Moses Hale and Benjamin Fiske, built A. D. 1815. John Minot Fiske, born July 15, 1798, died Aug. 16, 1841. Eliza Winn, his wife, born June 30, 1800, died Dec. 17, 1878. Benjamin Minot Fiske, born Jan. 29, 1826, died May 9, 1901. Joseph Winn Fiske, born May 22, 1832, died Oct. 20, 1903. Harriet Locke, wife of Frederick A. P. Fiske, born March 25, 1862, died Sept. 16, 1903. Family tomb of Mr. Asa Hodgman, Mr. Simeon Blodgett and Samuel Dunn, built A. D. 1819. The family tomb of Nathaniel Hurd Henchman of Boston, who died May 29, 1826. Age, 48 vrs. Mrs. Rachel Howard, Oct. 22, 1818. Age, 73 yrs. Joseph Hirsch, Aug. 27, 1823. Age, 42 yrs. Elizabeth, his wife, Oct. 17, 1871. Age, 87 yrs. Mrs. Mary, wife of Mr. Daniel Hollis, July 4, 1826. Age, 72 yrs. Mr. Elijah Farmer, died Feb. 3, 1826. Age, 50 yrs. Mrs. Charlotte, wife of Mr. Elijah Farmer, July 27, 1826. Age, 45 yrs. Mr. James Hay, March 26, 1826. Age, 52 yrs. Mrs. Sarah, wife of Mr. John Harwood, March 4, 1827. Age, 74 yrs. John Horatio, son of Mr. Benjamin and Mrs. Permelia Hosmer, July 17, 1827. Age, 19 mos. William Wallace, son of Mr. Benjamin and Mrs. Permelia Hosmer, Jan. 8, 1829. Age, 22 mos. Mr. Francis G. Hirsch, Oct. 23, 1829. Age, 45 yrs. Lewis Hirsch, March 6, 1830. Age, 18 yrs., 20 d. Mrs. Hannah Hay, April 12, 1830. Age, 55 yrs. Mr. John Harwood, April 16, 1830. Age, 77 yrs. Mr. David Hollis, Dec. 31, 1831. Age, 77 yrs. Israel D., son of John and Sarah Harper, Dec. 19, 1832. Age, 22 yrs., 2 mos. Formerly of New Hampton, N. H. Willard Howard, Jan. 1, 1837. Age, 90 yrs. Warren Hamelton, son of John R. and Lydia Pratt, Oct. 25, 1838. Age, 4 yrs., 6 mos. Susan, wife of William Hildreth, Nov. 4, 1841. Age, 44 yrs. Benj. F. Hodges, Aug. 26, 1812, June 16, 1895. Julia A. Hodges, Aug. 6, 1815, June 1, 1906. Children of B. F. and J. A. Hodges— Hannah A. Hodges, Sept. 25, 1844. Sept. 25, 1845. Charles H. Hodges, Oct. 1, 1846, Oct. 5, 1846. Benj. F. Hodges, Jr., Dec. 22, 1837, Jan. 31, 1847. Joshua Hunt, April 27, 1843. Age, 72 yrs. Francis G. Hirsch, Feb. 13, 1847. ^ Age, 28 yrs., 9 mos., 4 d. Darius L. Hall, June 6, 1885. Age, 81 yrs. Sarah A., his wife, April 1, 1891. Age, 76 yrs. Albert E., son of Darius and Sarah A. Hall, Sept. 3, 1851. Age, 17 mos., 16 d. John A., son of Darius and Sarah A. Hall, Jan. 10, 1843. Age, 4 mos. Esther A., dau. of Darius and Sarah A. Hall, May 3, 1847. Age, 3 yrs. Charles H. C, son of Darius and Sarah A. Hall, April 3, 1891. Age, 59 yrs. Sophia F., dau. of Thomas and Lucy F. Howe, Oct. 15, 1853. Age, 17 yrs., 7 mos., 20 d. Lucy F., widow of Thomas Howe, and wife of Joseph Fiske, 2d, May 8, 1882. Age, 82 yrs. Thomas Howe, Sept. 6, 1865. Age, 64 yrs. Betsey W., wife of Ivory H. Howe, March 30, 1855. Age, 36 yrs. Mary, wife of William Hunter, Oct. 2, 1856. Age, 35 yrs., 2 mos. Robert Collier Hunter, died Sept. 4, 1849. Age, 9 d. John Collier Hunter, died March 31, 1857. Age, 6 mos., 7 d. William Hunter, died Oct. 19, 1883. Age, 64 yrs. Jane S., his wife, died Sept. 22, 1846. Age, 22 yrs. Olive (Chamberlain), wife of Joshua Hunt, born Aug. 10, 1768, died Oct. 7, 1857. Emma, dau. of John A. and Sarah Hallett, Aug. 22, 1860. Age, 1 yr., 5 mos. 736 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Moses Hale, Jan. 7, 1861. Age, 47 yrs., 5 mos. Children of S. C. and S. K. Hunt— Annie Warren, April 11, 1861. Age, 7 yrs., 4 mos. Wm. Barron, Feb. 19, 1854. Age, 4 yrs., 3 mos. John Hildreth, Nov. 26, 1872. Age, 71 yrs., 8 mos. Lavinia Duchemin, wife of Edward P. Hildreth, July 13, 1876. Age, 47 yrs., 7 mos., 17 d. Moses P. Hildreth, March 12, 1878. Age, 77 yrs., 8 mos. Eliza A. Murdock, his wife, March 6, 1892. Age, 82 yrs., 7 mos. Samuel Chamberlain Hunt, Obt., Sept. 29, 1878. Age, 81 yrs., 3 mos. Elizabeth Abbott Warren, his wife, Obt., Dec. 18, 1893. Age, 90 yrs., 3 mos. Alva L. Hildreth, Aug. 5, 1883. Age, 24 yrs., 5 mos. Phebe, wife of Oliver Hutchins, Sept. 7, 1817, Feb. 14, 1883. Hannah, wife of Oliver Hutchins, March 1, 1855. Age, 55 yrs. Oliver Hutchins, Jan. 17, 1862. Age, 61 yrs., 9 mos. Levi Howard, M. D., Jan. 23, 1885. Age, 64 yrs., 7 mos., 28 d. Lydia Jane, wife of Levi Howard, M. D., born May 16, 1827, died April 11, 1893. George Levi, son of Dr. L. and L. J. Howard, Jan. 29, 1875. Age, 22 yrs., 1 mo., 11 d. Sarah Elizabeth, dau. of Dr. L. and L. J. Howard, Sept. 17, 1849. Age, 1 yr., 6 mos., 20 d. Pascal Hatch, born Sept. 24, 1806, died Aug. 23, 1885. Minerva Hatch, his wife, April 4, 1816, Jan. 31, 1887. George W. Howe, Nov. 9, 1886. Age, 52 yrs. David P., son of Lewis K. and Carrie R. Howard, Jan. 18, 1887. Age, 18 yrs., 29 d. Marj', dau. of Lewis K. and Carrie R. Howard, Aug. 20, 1872. Age, 3 mos., 21 d. Rufus G. Hildreth, Dec. 7, 1888. Age, 54 yrs. Sanford Hazen, Feb. 27, 1892. Age, 81 yrs. Charles W. Hutchins, March 28, 1892. Age, 23 yrs., 4 mos. William H. Hoyt, Sept. 8, 1899. Age, 78 yrs., 11 mos. Leon S., son of A. W. and S. R. Holt, Oct. 20, 1887, Oct. 6, 1903. Martha Woodard, wife of Samuel Holt, Nov. 17, 1818, Jan. 12, 1904. Olive Chamberlain Hunt, May 18, 1906. Age, 74 yrs., 2 mos., 29 d. Susan Barron Hunt, Dec. 7, 1907. Age, 69 yrs., 3 mos., 4 d. Anna Eliza Hunt, Jan. 11, 1912. Age, 83 yrs., 8 mos., 13 d. Faustina E. Handley, 1907. Age, 56 yrs. Emeline Woodward Hartford, Jan. 1, 1905. Age, 64 yrs., 8 mos., 7 d. Amanda J. Howe, Dec. 4, 1908. Age, 81 yrs., 6 mos. Rhoda J. Hoyt, Jan. 31, 1907. Age, 83 yrs., 9 d. John C. Hobbs, March 30, 1912. Age, 75 yrs., 29 d. Melbourne F. Hutchins, Sept. 3, 1912. Age, 75 yrs., 2 mos., 17 d. Julia M. Hutchins, April 8, 1909. Age, 70 yrs. Sara Parkhurst Hallet, May 11, 1911. Age, 86 yrs., 2 mos., 28 d. Arthur A. Harmon, Nov. 8, 1910. Age, 32 yrs. Sarah W. Hazen, April 4, 1906. Age, 87 yrs., 7 mos., 21 d. James Henry Hazen, April 6, 1900. Age, 59 yrs., 24 d. J Mr. Thomas Jones, Obt., April 5, 1805. Age, 27 yrs. Andrew E. Johnson, Dec. 17, 1903. Age, 88 yrs., 10 mos. Mary S., wife of A. E. Johnson, Jan. 14, 1891. Age, 73 yrs., 4 mos., 19 d. Mabel Jackson, Aug. 13, 1903. Age, 30 yrs. K Two infant children, daughters of Paul and Rebbecca Kittredge, Feb. 20, 1821. Forest us Darwin, son of Paul and Rebbecca Kittredge, April 29, 1828. Age, 14 yrs., 2 mos., 27 d. MODEL OF THE MEETING HOUSE IN CHELMSFORD CENTRE, BURNED IN 1842 A'o. 44 SOME CENTURY-OLD COSTUMES PRESERVED AT THE FISKE HOUSE BURYING GROUNDS 737 Two children of Mr. John R. and Mrs. Harriet Knecttle — Daniel B., Aug. 1, 1831. Age, 2 yrs. Ann P., Aug. 10, 1831. Age, 7 mos. Hannah Kimball, March 9, 1841. Age, 45 yrs. [See also Buttrick tomb.] Children of F. M. and A. M. Kittredge — Dorcas Melvina Kittredge, Sept. 12, 1840. Age, 3 yrs. Henry Mead Kittredge, Feb. 8, 1843. Age, 8d. Dr. Paul Kittredge, Aug. 9, 1845. Age, 61 yrs. Rebecca, his wife, Nov. 17, 1869. Age, 82 yrs. George P. Kittredge, 1822-1856. Maria Heald, his wife, 1823-1894. Dr. Paul C. Kittredge, died at Culpepper, Va., Feb. 28, 1864. Age, 55 yrs. Cullen F. Kittredge, Jan. 2, 1845. Age, 33 yrs. Amy Hull, his widow, July 20, 1852. Age, 43 yrs. Buried at Weston, Vt. Marv Kimball, June 17, 1866. Age, 93 yrs. Clarisa, her dau., March 22, 1870. Age, 69 yrs. Cullena F. Kittredge, May 8, 1874. Age, 29 yrs., 6 mos. Joel C. Kittredge, March 21, 1875. Age, 57 yrs. William Adams Kneeland, Sept. 28, 1904. Age, 65 yrs., 29 d. Grace LIvermoar, wife to John Livermoar, Jan. 14, 1690. Age, 76 yrs. Mr. Seth Livingston, May 23, 1809. Age, 56 yrs. Mrs. Abigail, wife of Mr. Seth Livingston, Nov. 24, 1819. Age, 64 yrs. Loring Loker, born Jan. 20, 1811, died April 28, 1905. Co. E, 57th Regt., M. V. M. Age, 94 yrs., 3 mos., 8 d. Hannah Loker, born Feb. 12, 1812, died March 4, 1902. Age, 90 yrs., 20 d. Andrew J. Loker, born Feb. 20, 1842, died Sept. 25, 1864. Co. E, 34th Regt., M. V. M. Alice B. Loker, Feb. 20, 1850, died Sept. 29, 1867. Mrs. Abigail, \vife of Mr. Sprake Livingston, Feb. 12, 1830. Age, 38 yrs. Also their infant child at the same time. Mr. John Miles Larey, son of Capt. John and Mrs. Joanna Larey, of Lincoln, Sept. 18, 1831. Age, 21 yrs. Sears C. Laws, 1793-1852. Mary B. Laws, 1795-1852. Susan Laws, 1835-1894. George B. Lamphere, wounded at the Battle of Cedar Creek, Oct. 19. Died at Winchester Hosp., Va., Oct. 27, 1864. Age, 29 yrs., 8 mos. A member of Comp. D, 30th Regt. Mass. Vol. Henry Lovering, June 4, 1872. Age, 41 yrs. Jonathan Larcom, born Aug 3, 1818, died Oct. 24, 1895. Frank H. Larcom, died July 4, 1878. Age, 30 yrs., 7 mos., 10 d. Benj. F., son of Jona. and Harriet O. Larcom, April 23, 1846. Age, 5 mos. Albion J. Lamphere, Nov. 15, 1898. Age, 58 yrs. Mary J., his wife) July 14, 1897. Age, 54 yrs. Frank Lamphere, May 12, 1898. Age, 22 yrs. Levi Lamphere, Jr., Co. E, 26th Mass. Inf. William L. Loker, Oct. 23, 1912. Age, 77 yrs. Mary Spalding Lovering, Feb. 7, 1910. Age, 77 yrs., 4 mos., 11 d. Felix Lovely, March 29, 1910. Age, 89 yrs., 7 mos. M Lieut. Jonathan Minot, July 23, 1770. Age, 82 yrs. Hannah Marchall, wife of Thomas Marchall, Dec. 9, 1770. Age, 38 yrs. John Marchall, June 20, 1771. Age, 2 yrs. Thomas Marchall, May 25, 1799. Age, 70 yrs. Lydia Marchall, wife of Thomas Marchall, May 25, 1801. Age, 66 yrs. Ruth Marchall, Sept. 27, 1801. Age, 20 yrs. 738 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Mrs. Elizabeth MInot, widow of Lieut. Jonathan Minot, May 7, 1772. Age, 80 yrs. Mrs. Esther Moors, wife of Lieut. Joseph Moors, Nov. 17, 1773. Age, 69 yrs., 11 mos., 25 d. Lieut. Joseph Moors, July 5, 1775. Age, 71 yrs., 4 mos., 1 d. Capt. Joseph Mottey, June 13, 1777. Age, 52 j^rs. Lydia Meeds, dau. of Mr. John Meeds and Mrs. Lydia, his wife, April 5, 1778. Age, 1 yr., 9 mos., 21 d. Charles, son of Capt. Joseph and Mrs. Mehetabel Mottey, Oct. 2, 1778. Age, 9 yrs. Simeon Moors, son of Lieut. Joseph Moors, Dec. 19, 1781. Age, 49 yrs., 22 d. Mary Manning, Dec. 23, 1787. Age, 5 yrs. Benjamin Manning, son of Mr. Jonathan Manning and Mrs. Martha, his wife, Sept. 2, 1793. Age, 15 yrs., 6 d. Mrs. Martha Manning, wife of Mr. Jonathan Manning, Nov. 10, 1809. Age, 59 yrs., 4 inos., 12 d. Asa Manning, March 27, 1845. Age, 64 yrs. Nath'l Manning, Sept. 19, 1814. Age, 30 yrs. Miss Mary Marshall, dau. of Mr. James Marshall and Mrs. Joanna, his wife, Feb. 11, 1816. Age, 24 yrs. Also an infant son of the above James and Joanna Marshall. Levi, age 26, and Nathaniel, age 23, sons of Mr. James and Mrs. Joanna Marshall, whose deaths, together with those of Sherburne Chase of Litchfield, N. H., and John Ives of Sudbury, were occasioned by the explosion of the powder mill in Chelmsford, Dec. 5, 1820. They were pleasant in their lives. And in their deaths they were not divided. My age's hope my youthful boast My souls chief blessing and my pride, In one sad moment all were lost When Levi and Nathaniel died. Levi Marshall and John Ives were instantly killed, Sherburne Chase and Nathaniel Marshall survived, the former 44, the latter 24 hours. Mr. James Marshall, Sept. 6, 1826. Age, 66 yrs. Peter Marshall, April 3, 1828. Age, 55 yrs. Mary, his wife, Oct. 7, 1852. Age, 79 yrs. Lydia C, their dau., Dec. 26, 1809. Age, 3 yrs. Family Tomb of Joseph Manning and Benj. Chamberlain. Caroline Chamberlain, March 10, 1825. Age, 5 weeks. Jonathan Manning, April 8, 1828. Age, 78 yrs. Asenath, wife of Benj. Chamberlain, June 23, 1828. Age, 37 yrs. Salathiel Manning, Oct. 7, 1S2S._ Age, 48 yrs. George J., son of Joseph and Julia Manning, Sept. 18, 1836. Age, 8 mos. Lydia Manning, May 4, 1841. Age, 59 yrs. Mrs. Anna McOuesten, Sept. 3, 1825. Age, 77 yrs. Formerly the wife of Mr. Philip Parker. Joseph A. Marshall, April 24, 1833. Age, 29 yrs. Family tomb of Aaron Mansur and Jesse Smith, 1835. 1764, Rebecca Spalding, 1848, wife of Joseph Warren. 1776, Aaron Mansur, 1859. Rebecca Warren, his wife, 1786-1872. 1828, Mary Frances Mansur, 1834. 1781, Jesse Smith, 1848. Fanny Warren, his wife, 1791-1874. 1816, Mary Woodbury Smith, 1835. 1823, Rebecca Smith, 1826. 1819, John Henry Smith, 1851. BURYING GROUNDS 739 Mrs. Mary, wife of Mr. Timothy Manning, Feb. 27, 1836. Age, 87 yra. Mr. Timothy Manning, March 11, 1836. Age, 84 yrs. Mary N., wife of Thomas Marshall, March 25, 1837. Age, 29 yrs. Otis Marshall, Aug. 29, 1837. Age, 30 yrs. Mary Ann, dan. of Thomas and Ann F. Marshall, Sept. 15, 1846. Age, 8 weeks. Laura, wife of Thomas Moore, Feb. 22, 1842. Age, 45 yrs. Also their son, George Henry, April 1, 1841. Age, 14 mos. Loring Marshall, April 23, 1845, at Lowell. Age, 37 yrs. Children of Darius G. and Eliza E. Merriam — Nehemiah Flint, Nov. 26, 1853. Age, 4 yrs., 4 mos., 28 d. Amelia Augusta, Jan. 22, 1854. Age, 8 mos., 25 d. Sarah B. Moors, May 3, 1854. Age, 88 yrs. Joanna Marshall, Feb. 12, 1855. Age, 90 yrs., 10 mos. Ann F., wife of Thomas Marshall, June 25, 1856. Age, 48 yrs. Joseph Marshall, Jan. 4, 1856. Age, 53 yrs. Miss Mary Manning, June 21, 1857. Age, 66 yrs. Thomas Marshall, April 13, 1860. Age, 58 yrs., 7 mos. Timothy Manning, Feb. 7, 1861. Age, 83 yrs., 9 mos. Esther Manning, Sept. 22, 1863. Age, 76 yrs. Lucy E., wife of John Morris, Nov. 5, 1867. Age, 25 yrs., 11 mos., 8 d. Children of John and Lucy Morris— Lillie H., Oct. 22, 1866. Age, 2 mos, Minnie A., Jan. 23, 1868. Age, 3 mos. Maj. Joseph Manning, Aug. 5, 1876. Age, 81 yrs., 3 mos., 16 d. Julia M., wife of Maj. Joseph Manning, Jan. 4, 1869. Age, 61 yrs., 8 moa,, 25 d. Joanna Marshall, June 13, 1869. Age, 83 yrs. Duncan McDonald, May 24, 1881. Age, 35 yrs., 5 mos. Martin L. Metcalf, June 4, 1881. Age, 69 yrs., 5 mos., 13 d. Atwood E., son of F. A. and S. E. Marshall, June 6, 1883. Age, 7 mos., 12 d. George Marshall, Julv 7, 1883. Age, 75 yrs., 7 mos. Mary MacDonald, born April 21, 1844, died June 20, 1884. Eben H. Marshall, born July 12, 1819, Oct. 3, 1885. Phebe R. Marshall, born June 20, 1817, Oct. 27, 1890. Joseph Warren Mansur, Feb. 8, 1891. Age, 83 yrs. B. Parker Marshall, Nov. 12, 1892. Age, 82 yrs. Ann E. Marshall, Nov. 6, 1894. Age, 61 yrs., 11 mos. Myra Marshall, Nov. 13, 1895. Age, 81 yrs. Fred R. Marshall, born Sept. 7, 1873, Sept. 2, 1896. Lucy Elizabeth Marshall, May 6, 1908. Age, 61 yrs., 6 mos., 14 d. Nancy M. Metcalf, Dec. 14, 1907. Age, 78 yrs., 8 mos., 12 d. Dorothy Hope Metcalf, Dec. 21, 1906. Age, 9 mos., 5 d. Elizabeth Thompson McGee, July 2, 1907. Age, 84 yrs., 3 mos., 12 d. Curtis Manchester, June 30, 1903. Age, 72 yrs., 5 mos., 26 d. John McKinley, Oct. 19, 1911. Age, 49 yrs., 2 mos., 10 d. Eliza Elvira Merriam, Feb. 24, 1907. N Mr. Daniel Nichols, Nov. 20, 1768. Age, 61 yrs., 3 mos., 10 d. Mrs. Susanna Nichols, wife of Mr. Daniel Nichols, Oct. 11, 1806. Age, 94 yrs. Arthur D., son of F. E. and F. E. Nason, July 5, 1890. Age, 8 yrs., 7 mos., 9d. John H. Nichols, born April 7, 1828, died Dec. 9, 1898. Co. B, 2d N. H. Vols. Hannah, his wife, born April 10, 1845, died Sept. 21, 1888. Timon Nason, Nov. 3, 1906. Age, 77 yrs., 2 mos., 8 d. Mary F. Needham, April 29, 1904. Age, 88 yrs., 3 mos., 20 d. o Mrs. Harriet H., wife of Benjamin Obear, June 21, 1830. Age, 38 yrs. Mrs. Abigail, widow of Mr. Samuel Osborn, Jan. 29, 1838. Age, 83 yrs. Charles T., son of T. W. and Emily Obear, Oct. 3, 1848. Age, 4 yrs. Alice Adella Osgood, Jan. 21, 1893. Age, 37 yrs. 740 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Elizabeth Parker, wife to John Parker, Sept. 23, 1709. Age, 33 yrs. Mrs. I.ydia Perham, wife to Mr. John Perham, June 26, 1710. Age, 67 yrs. Mr. Ger»hom Procter, Nov. 8, 1714. Age, 66 yrs., 6 mos. Mr. John Perham, Jan. 21, 1721. Age, 88 yrs. Cornet Benoni Perham, March 14, 1724. Age, 48 yrs. Jonathan Perham, son of Mr. Benoni and Mrs. Sarah Perham, April 7, 1724. Age, 13 yrs. Rebeckah Parker, dau. of Mr. John and Mrs. Rebeckah Parker, Dec. 12, 1724. Age, 5 yrs., 6 mos. Sarah Parker, dau. of Mr. Joseph and Mrs. Rebeckah Parker, Feb. 14, 1729. Age, 7 vrs., 10 mos., 8 d. Mr. Gershom Procter, Feb. 7, 1730. Age, 27 yrs., 10 mos., 8 d. Mr. Stephen Pierce, June 10, 1733. Age, 82 yrs. [See Buttrick Tomb.] Rebeckah Parker, dau. of Mr. John and Mrs. Hannah Parker, Jan. 17, 1736. Age, 14 mos. Hannah Perham, dau. of Mr. Benoni and Mrs. Sarah Perham, August, 1736. Age, 19 yrs. Children of James and Abigail Parkhurst — Abigail Parkhurst, Feb. 17, 1737. Age, 2 yrs., 2 mos., 12 d. Benjamin Parkhurst, Feb. 17, 1737, Age, 4 yrs., 3 mos., 11 d. Mr. Jonathan Parkhurst, March 25, 1737. Age, 35 yrs., 3 mos., 23 d. Capt. Joseph Parker, April 22, 1738. Age, 44 yrs., 1 mo., 3 d. William Procter, son of Mr. William and Mrs. Luccy Procter, Sept. 10, 1738. Age, 3 yrs., 10 mos., 11 d. Mr. Samuel Procter, April 12, 1740. Age, 74 yrs., 6 mos., 27 d. Rachel Parker, dau. of Mr. Jacob and Mrs. Rachel Parker, Sept. 10, 1740. Age, 4 yrs., 5 mos., 6 d. Mr. John Parker, Feb. 20, 1741. Age, 60 yrs. Mrs. Rebekah Parker, wife of Mr. John Parker, Feb. 21, 1741. Age, 63 yrs. Mrs. Sarah Perham, widow of Mr. Benoni Perham, Feb. 22, 1741. Age, 65 yrs. John Parker, son of Mr. John and Mrs. Hannah Parker, Sept. 2, 1744. Age, 7 mos., 7 d. Ebenezer Parcker, son of Capt. Ebenezer and Mrs. Elizabeth Parcker, Nov. 29, 1745. Age, 25 yrs. Deacon Stephen Peirce, Sept. 9, 1749. Age, 70 yrs. Gershom Procter, Jun., Feb. 7, 1750. Age, 27 yrs., — mos., 8 d. Andrew Parkhurst, son of Mr. James and Mrs. Abigail Parkhurst, Nov. 10, 1753. Age, 10 yrs., 6 mos., 19 d. Mr. Israel Procter, June 9, 1755. Age, 46 yrs., 8 mos., 5 d. Levi Procter, son of Mr. William and Mrs. Lucy Procter, Nov. 19, 1755. Age, 15 yrs., 2 mos., 19 d. Lucy Procter, dafter of Mr. William and Mrs. Lucy Procter, Nov. 21, 1755, Age, 7 yrs., 8 mos., 24 d. Mrs. Mary Pierce, wife of Mr. Robert Pierce, June 5, 1761. Age, 52 yrs., 3 mos., 22 d. Mrs. Lydia Patten, wife of Mr. Isaac Patten, Feb. 3, 1763. Age, 24 yrs. Lieut. John Parker, March 17, 1763. Age, 51 yrs., 2 mos., 5 d. Oliver Patten, son of Mr. Isaac and Mrs. Lydia Patten, May 12, 1763. Age, 3 mos., 18 d. Mrs. Elizabeth Parker, wife of Mr. Benjamin Parker, Dec. 19, 1765. Age, 69 yrs., 1 mo., 10 d. Mr. William Procter, Oct. 13, 1767. Age, 63 yrs., 1 mo., 30 d. Mrs. Sarah Perham, wife of Mr. Samuel Perham, April 28, 1767. Age, 47 yrs., 6 mos., 16 d. Mr. Jonathan Parker, Nov. 14, 1769. Age, 60 vrs., 3 mos., 12 d. Lieut. Benjamin Parker, May 23, 1771. Age, 72 yrs., 8 mos., 11 d. Mrs. Sarah Parker, dau. of Lieut. Benjamin and Mrs. Elizabeth Parker, April 29, 1771. Age, 35 yrs., 7 mos., 6 d. BURYING GROUNDS 741 Mrs. Abigail Parkhurst, wife of Mr. James Parkhurst, July 29, 1772. Age, 60 yrs., 10 d. Mrs. Mary Procter, wife of Mr. Daniel Procter, Junr., March 3, 1773. Age, 31 yrs. Mr. Benony Perham, son of Mr. Samuel and Mrs. Sarah Perham, Feb. 10, 1774. Age, 23 yrs., 10 mos., 27 d. Mr. Gershom Procter, Senr., Oct. 17, 1774. Age, 81 yrs., 5 mos., 23 d. Capt. Daniel Procter, Jan. 28, 1775. Age, 69 yrs., 1 mo., 17 d. Hannah Parker, dau. of Lieut. Isaac Parker and Mrs. Elizabeth, his wife, Aug. 28, 1775. Age, 1 yr., 9 d. Elizabeth Parker, dau. of Lieat. Isaac Parker and Mrs. Elizabeth, his wife, Aug. 30, 1775. Age, 4 yrs., 8 mos., 5 d. Moly Procter, dau. of Mr. Azariah Procter and Mrs. Azubah, his wife, Aug. 30, 1775. Age, 1 yr., 9 mos., 2d. Bradley Peirce, son of Mr. William Pierce and Mrs. Elizabeth, his wife, Aug. 30, 1775. Age, 3 yrs., 3 mos., 25 d. Hiram Procter, son of Mr. Azariah Procter and Mrs. Azubah, his wife, Sept. 8, 1775. Age, 3 yrs., 5 mos., 8 d. Anna Parker, dau. of Mr. Philip Parker and Mrs. Anna, his wife, Sept. 17, 1775. Age, 5 yrs., 6 mos., 14 d. Dorcas Parker, dau. of Mr. Philip Parker and Mrs. Anna, his wife, Sept. 27, 1775. Age, 1 yr., 24 d. Miss Susze Peirce, Dec. 11, 1775. Age, 21 yrs., 1 mo. Hannah Perham, dau. of Mr. Benoni and Mrs. Sarah Perham, Aug. — , 1776. Age, 19 yrs. Mrs. Rebeckah Proctor, wife of Mr. Gershom Parker, April 16, 1776. Age, 79 yrs., 1 mo., 16 d. Mrs. Hannah Parkhurst, wife of Mr. James Parkhurst, formerly wife of Lieut. John Parker, Feb. 5, 1781. Age, 66 yrs., 5 mos., 4 d. Reuben Parker, son of Mr. Willard Parker and Mrs. Anna Parker, Sept. 7, 1783. Age, 3 yrs., 4 mos., 7 d. Mrs. Sarah Parker, wife of Mr. Jonathan Parker, May 19, 1784. Age, 31 yrs. Miss Abigail Parkhurst, dau. of Deacon Benjamin Parkhurst and Mrs. Ehzabeth Parkhurst, Nov. 10, 1784. Age, 19 yrs., 11 mos., 20 d. Mr. Jonathan Putnam, Dec. 9, 1784. Age, 58 yrs. Mr. Silas Pierce, April 14, 1828. Age, 84 yrs. Mrs. PoUey Putnam, dau. of Mr. Jonathan Putnam and Mrs. Hannah, his wife, June 29, 1785. Age, 16 yrs., 1 mo., 1 d. Mrs. Susannah Proctor, relict of Capt. Daniel Proctor, Nov. 26, 1785. No year of age given. Mrs. Elizabeth Parker, wife of Mr. Benjamin Parker, April 17, 1787. Age, 64 yrs., 6 mos., 13 d. Miss Elizabeth Parkhurst, dau. of Deacon Benjamin Parkhurst and Mrs. Elizabeth, his wife, Dec. 6, 1787. Age, IS yrs., 9 mos., 6 d. Willard Parker, son of Mr. Willard Parker and Mrs. Anna, his wife, May 20, 1788. Age, 15 yrs., 10 mos., 29 d. Miss Anna Parker, dau. of Mr. Willard Parker and Mrs. Anna, his wife, Sept. 7, 1788. Age, 22 yrs., 3 mos., 15 d. Samuel Perham, March 2, 1788. Age, 31 yrs., 6 mos., 8 d. Rebeckah Peirce, dau. of Mr. Oliver and Mrs. Deborah Peirce, Nov. 18, 1789. Age, 9 yrs., 10 mos., 8 d. Mr. Philip Parker, June 25, 1790. Age, 58 yrs. Mr. Jonathan Putnam, son of Mr. Jonathan Putnam and Mrs. Hannah, his wife, June 4, 1790. Age, 27 yrs., 2 d. Mrs. Hannah Parker, consort of Mr. Ebenezer Parker, who died Oct. 22, 1790. Age, 23 yrs., 11 mos, 4 d. Mrs. Rebeckah Parker, relict of Capt. Joseph Parker, Jan. 1, 1791, Age, 88 yrs. Mr. Peter Proctor, June 15, 1792. Age, 55 yrs., 4 mos. Susanna Parkhurst, dau. of Mr. Samuel and Mrs. Betty Parkhurst, June 25, 1794. Age, 3 yrs., 3 mos. Mr. Samuel Perham, May 20, 1794. Age, 79 yrs. 742 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Jeduthan Parker, son of Mr. Jeduthan Parker and Phebe Parker, April 6, 1795. Age, 1 yr., 3 mos. Mr. James Parkhurst, Jan. 18, 1796. Age, 88 yrs., 2 mos., 12 d. Mr. Joseph Perce, June 14, 1796. Age, 74 yrs. Mrs. Rachel Parker, wife of Jonathan Parker, April 5, 1797. Age, 88 yrs. Mr. Benjamin Parker, Feb. 17, 1801. Age, 78 yrs. Mr. Israel Putnam, Feb. 23, 1800. Age, 77 yrs. [See tomb, under S.] Rachel Parkhurst, dau. of Mr. Josiah and Mrs. Rachel Parkhurst, Sept. 20, 1801. Age, 2 yrs., 7 mos., 15 d. Samuel Parkhurst, son of Mr. Samuel and Mrs. Betty Parkhurst, Jan. 16, 1802. Age, 2 yrs., 8 mos. Clarice Parker, dau. of Mr. Ebenezer and Mrs. Rebecca Parker, Jan. 16, 1803. Age, 3 yrs., 2 mos., 16 d. Reuben Parker, Jan. 31, 1850. Age, 74 yrs. Mary, his wife, Sept. 5, 1803. Age, 28 yrs. Charlotte M., wife of E. K. Parkhurst, died Dec. 13, 1851. Age, 23 yrs., 7 mos. Lieut. Daniel Proctor, Dec. 4, 1803. Age, 59 yrs. Ruth Parkhurst, wife of John Parkhurst, Dec. 30, 1803. Age, 30 yrs. Charlott Parker, dau. of Mr. Ebenezer and Mrs. Rebeca Parker, Nov. 28, 1804. Age, 2 yrs., 10 mos. Mrs. Bridget Peirce, the fifth wife of Mr. Silas Peirce, June 12, 1805. Age, 59 yrs. Clarise Parker, dau. of Mr. Ebenezer Parker and Mrs. Rebecca, his wife, Sept. 15, 1806. Age, 2 yrs., 5 mos., 7 d. Mrs. Anna Perham, wife of Mr. Samuel Perham, Oct. 29, 1807. Age, 22 yrs. Mrs. Mary Peirce, wife of Mr. Joseph Peirce, Nov. 5, 1807. Age, 85 yrs. Mr. Willard Parker, April 4, 1808. Age, 65 yrs. Silas Parkhurst, son or Mr. Andrew and Mrs. Betsy Parkhurst, Sept. 19, 1810. Age, 2 yrs., 6 d. Mr. Philip Parkhurst, Dec. 14, 1810. Age, 66 yrs. Mr. David Parker, Jan. 11, 1811. Age, 80 yrs. Eldad Proctor, May 22, 1811. Age, 42 yrs. And Rachel, his wife, Feb. 20, 1855. Age, 85 yrs. Miss Betty Parkhurst, dau. of Mr. Samuel and Mrs. Betty Parkhurst, Oct. 13, 1811. Age, 15 yrs. Mr. Samuel Perham, Jan. 13, 1812. Age, 32 yrs. Dea. Benjamin Parkhurst, June 21, 1812. Age, 71 yrs. Family tomb of Ebenezer Parker, built A. D. 1813. No. 1. Jeptha Parker, July 25, 1843. Age, 53 yrs., 1 mo., 17 d. Only children of Jeptha and Mary Amanda Parker — Clifton Parker, July?, 1848. Age, 1 yr., 8 mos., 11 d. Clifford Parker, March 30, 1853. Age, 4 yrs., 9 mos., 19 d. Family tomb of Jonathan Perham. [See under S., 1813]. Family tomb supposed to be of James Pitts. Family tomb of James Pitts, Samuel Stevens, Ephriam Spalding. Capt. James Pitts, died Dec. 19, 1843. Age, 66 yrs. [For others of the name, see "Chelmsford Vital Records."] Ann Mari, dau. of Mr. Jonathan Parker, 3d, and Mrs. Hannah, his wife, April 2, 1814. Age, 9 mos. Family tomb of Dea. Josiah Parkhurst, Dea. Owen Emerson, Capt. Sherebiah Spaulding, built A. D. 1815. Family tomb of Corp. Jonas Pierce, built A. D. 1815. John, son of Mr. Samuel Perham and Mrs. Sarah, his wife, Sept. 16, 1815. Age, 4 yrs., 6 mos. Mrs. Betty, wife of Mr. Samuel Parkhurst, Jan. 29, 1817. Age, 57 yra. Mr. Jonathan Parker, May 20, 1818. Age, 69 yrs. Dea. Josiah Parkhurst, Dec. 31, 1818. Age, 56 yrs. Rachel Stevens, his wife, April 11, 1860. Age, 87 yrs. Oliver Parkhurst, a brother, Sept. 5, 1835. Age, 68 yrs. Sibel M. Procter, dau. of Mr. Jonas R. and Mrs. Sibel Procter, Feb. 27, 1819. Age, 18 mos. BURYING GROUNDS 743 Mr. Oliver Pierce, Jan. 21, 1821. Age, 79 yrs. Mrs. Elizabeth, relict of Dea. Benjamin Parkhurst, May 20, 1822. Age, 81 yrs. Mrs. Mary, wife of Mr. Phillip Parkhurst, March 6, 1826. Age, 77 yrs. WEST SIDE. Stephen Pierce, April 16, 1826. Age, 72 yrs. Hannah, wife of Stephen Pierce, Sept. 27, 1825. Age, 70 yrs. Jesse, son of Stephen and Hannah Pierce, June 20, 1820. Age, 30 yrs. John, son of Stephen and Hannah Pierce, 1824. Age, 41 yrs. EAST SIDE. Jonathan, son of Stephen and Hannah Pierce, Oct. 8, 1873. Age, 82 yrs. Hannah, wife of Jonathan Pierce, and formerly widow of Jesse Pierce, Nov. 27, 1867. Age, 75 yrs. Henry C, son of Jonathan and Hannah Pierce, Feb. 2, 1834. Age, 5 mos. Mrs. Hannah, wife of Mr. Jonathan Putnam, Mav 15, 1826. Age, 95 yrs. Miss Mary Pierce, Oct. 28, 182G. Age, 71 yrs. ' Mrs. Asubah, wife of Capt. Asariah Proctor, Dec. 29, 1826. Age, 77 yrs. Mr. Silas Peirce, April 14, 1828. Age, 84 yrs. Mrs. Lucy, wife of Mr. David Parker, Oct. 23, 1829. Age, 91 yrs. John Parkhurst, Aug. 28, 1830. Age, 55 yrs., 3 mos. His wife, Ruth P., Dec. 30, 1803. Age, 30 yrs. Surviah M., 2nd wife, July 3, 1873. Age, 89 yrs., 8 mos. Mrs. Remembrance, wife of Mr. Jonathan Parker, April 17, 1831. Age, 78 yrs. Mr. Micajah Parkhurst, Jan. 8, 1832. Age, 38 yrs. Elizabeth B. Parker, wife of Eli Parker, Jan. 16, 1832. Age, 61 yrs. Mrs. Anna, wife of Mr. Willard Parker, Sept. 7, 1832. Age, 88 yrs. Capt. Azariah Proctor, Nov. 11, 1832. Age, 83 yrs. Edwin, son of Azariah and Lucy Proctor, March 12, 1833. Age, 2 yrs., 6 mos. Benjamin Prescott, May 22, 1833. Age, 64 yrs. Amey, his wife, Aug. 24, 1858. Age, 90 yrs. Two of their grandsons — Henry Ware Dickinson, March 7, 1839. Age, 9J mos. Adrian Clark, May, 1839. Age, 9 mos. William Packard, son of Rev. Hez. Packard, and member of the Junior Class in Bowdoin College, Jan. 28, 1834. Age, 18 yrs. (Be ye also ready.) Andrew Parkhurst, July 26, 1834. Age, 63 yrs. Mrs. Hannah, relict of Lieut. Daniel Procter, April 11, 1837. Age, 92 yrs. Deborah, wife of Oliver Pierce, Oct. 27, 1837. Age, 92 yrs., 6 mos. Azariah Proctor, Nov. 21, 1838. Age, 57 yrs. Children of George and Ruhamah W. Pierce — George D., May 13, 1839. Age, 10 mos., 6 d. George D., Aug 28, 1847. Age, 5 mos., 16 d. Genett W., wife of Charles Proctor, Oct. 25, 1840 Age, 23 yrs. Mr. Abram Parkhurst, Aug. 31, 1840. Age, 27 yrs. Joel, son of Joel and Hannah Parkhurst, Oct. 6, 1841, Age, 1 yr. Jonas R. Procter, July 2, 1843. Age, 57 yrs. Milo J., son of Jonas and S. H. Procter, March 12, 1834. Age, 2 yrs., 5 mos. Amos Parkhurst, Oct. 11, 1848. Age, 36 yrs. Benjamin Parker, Nov. 30, 1848. Age, 74 yrs. Samuel Parkhurst, born Nov. 4, 1759, died Jan. 15, 1849. Age, 90 yrs. Simeon B. Proctor, Dec. 2, 1816, Jan. 25, 1850. Mary L., dau. of S. B. and A. J. H. P. Proctor, Sept. 20, 1845, Dec. 20, 1846. Harriet E., wife of Alfred Proctor, June 19, 1850. Age, 27 yrs. Benjamin S., their son, Oct. 7, 1850. Age, 7 mos. Horace M. Page, Sept. 6, 1852. Age, 22 yrs. Elotia D. Proctor, Sept. 30, 1856. Age, 18 yrs., 2 d. David Parker, April 12, 1850. Age, 81 yrs. Arthur, son of Milo and Maria D. Pierce, Feb. 16, 1851. Age, 3 mos. Minnie, infant dau. of Milo and Maria D. Pierce, — . Betsey, wife of Daniel Proctor, Oct. 6, 1852. Age, 54 yrs., 2 mos. Mathew, their son, Aug. 31, 1835. Age, 2 yrs. 744 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Daniel Proctor, Oct 23, 1864. Age, 69 yrs., 11 mos. Emily H., wife of Daniel Proctor, Jr., Sept. 6, 1856. Age, 22 yrs., 7 mos. Clifford, their son, Oct. 25, 1856. Age, 4 rnos., 19 d. Sarah, wife of Oii\er Parkhurst, formerly wife of Amos Byam, Aug. 4, 1858. Age, 98 yrs., 7 mos., 4 d. Jonas R. Proctor, Aug. 20, 1859. Age, 50 vrs. Sibel H., wife of Jonas R. Proctor, Aug. 6, 1860. Age, 72 yrs., 3 mos., 2 d. Sewall Parkhurst, May 3, 1860. Age, 49 yrs. Jonathan Parker, Aug. 6, 1860. Age, 89 yrs., 7 mos. Charles Parkhurst, Oct. 25, 1861. Age, 36 yrs. Harriet S. W., wife of Rufus Proctor, Oct. 18, 1864. Age, 43 yrs., 2 mos. Harriet M., their dau., Jan. 4, 1854. Age, 3 yrs., 6 mos., 7 d. Maria D., wife of Milo Pierce, Dec. 13, 1864. Age, 39 yrs. Marv A., wife of Milo Pierce, Jan. 28, 1849. Age, 25 yrs. Alice L., wife of Wm. I. Preston, Feb. 19, 1868. Age, 31 yrs., 10 mos. Maria A., wife of Wm. I. Preston, 1845-1891. Herbert I and Albert P., infant sons. Jonathan Parker, 3d, April 15, 1862. Age, 81 yrs. Betsey Marshall, his wife, Feb. 3, 1853. Age, 72 vrs. Sophronia W., wife of Andrew H. Park, July 12, 1862. Age, 35 yrs. Olive Pierce, Aug. 19, 1863. Age, 80 yrs. Samuel, son of Samuel and Sarah Perham, June 9, 1866. Age, 57 yrs. Emma R., dau. of Eli P. and Nancy B. Parker, Sept. 24, 1867. Age, 16 yrs., 5 mos., 28 d. Edgar S. Parkhurst, born April 1, 1834, died Feb. 29, 1868. Hattie, dau. of John and Elizabeth R. Parkhurst, May 11, 1871. Age, 18 yra. Daniel Parker, April 20, 1872. Age, 81 yrs., 5 mos., 29 d. Abigail, wife of Daniel Parker, Nov. 29, 1857. Age, 68 yrs., 10 mos., 18 d. Nancy, wife of Daniel Parker, Aug. 14, 1870. Age, 77 yrs., lid. Abby, dau. of Daniel and Abigail Parker, Sept. 27, 1849. Age, 32 yrs., 10 mos., 17 d. Daniel A., son of Daniel and Abigail Parker, Oct., 1867. Age, 49 yrs. Mary R., wife of Francis B. Parker, April 20, 1869. Age, 59 yrs. Francis B. Parker, Oct. 30, 1882. Age, 73 yrs., 10 mos., 9 d. Sophronia, dau. of Andrew H. and Sarah T. Park, Jan. 10, 1873. Age, 3 mos. Eunice, wife of Emerson Parker, May 9, 1873. Age, 96 yrs. G. W. K. Parkhurst, Oct. 26, 1873. Age, 26 yrs. Samuel S. Parkhurst, May 21, 1875. Age, 68 yrs. Nancy, wife of Eli P. Parker, Oct. 22, 1875. Age, 59 yrs. Sarah R., wife of E. F. Parker, died Feb. 18, 1875. Age, 33 yrs., 10 mos. Frank R., son of Edward F. and Sarah R. Parker, died Nov. 15, 1886. Age, 23 yrs. Mary R., dau. of Edward F. and Sarah R. Parker, died Dec. 24, 1878. Age, 9 yrs., 9 mos. Eli Parker, Sept. 14, 1877. Age, 90 yrs., 4 mos., 22 d. Geo. A. Parker, Nov. 23, 1872. Age, 30 yrs. Mary Hortense, his wife, June 1, 1872. Age, 25 yrs. Willard Parker, March 2, 1880. Age, 53 yrs., 10 mos., 13 d. Phoebe P., his wife, Feb. 12, 1883. Age, 57 yrs., 7 mos., 8 d. Ella J., youngest dau. of Perley P. and Emeline A. Perham, March 2, 1882. Age, 24 yrs., 1 mo., 17 d. Sewall Parkhurst, July 6, 1887. Age, 86 yrs. Sarah Fletcher, his wife, Aug. 10, 1860. M. E. Battles, his wife, 1819-1902. Olive A. Gray Perham, Aug. 13, 1884. Age, 56 yrs. Eleutheria W., wife of David Perham, born April 28, 1810, died June 5, 1888. John Parkhurst, Dec. 25, 1888. Age, 81 yrs., 5 mos. Sybil M. Proctor, April 13, 1887. Age, 66 yrs. Charles Parker, May 3, 1888. Age, 91 yrs. Ella P., wife of Edwin C. Perham, P>b. 15, 1890. Age, 28 yrs., 9 mos Solomon Parkhurst, born July 12, 1804, died Aug. 18, 1890. BURYING GROUNDS 745 Lucina M. Adams, wife of Solomon Parkhurst, born Jan. 26, 1811, died Sept. 27, 1890. David Perham, son of David Perham and Rebecca Spalding, born Dec. 16, 1813, died Feb. 21, 1895. Andrew H. Park, Feb. 22, 1897. Age, 78 yrs. D. Clinton Perham, born Nov. 16, 1830, died Nov. 23, 1903. Maria A., wife of D. Clinton Perham, born Oct. 19, 1833, died Sept. 28, 1901. George A. Parkhurst, born Aug. 11, 1833, died Feb. 3, 1904. Tomb of D. and S. P. Perham. David Perham, May 23, 1841. Age, 57 yrs. Rebecca S., wife of David Perham, July 30, 1847, Age, 57 yrs. Joel, son of David and Rebecca S. Perham, Jan. 9, 1839. Age, 18 yrs., 8 raos., 8d. Susan L. Waite, born in Weston, Vt., died Nov. 3, 1846. Age, 24 yrs., 6 mos., 10 d. WEST SIDE. Charles F. Parker, 1864-1890. NORTH SIDE. Samuel P. Perham, Dec. 5, 1815, Jan. 29, 1899. Rebecca, wife of Samuel P. Perham, Jan. 9, 1844. Age, 26 yrs., 4 mos., 1 d. Asenath, wife of Samuel P. Perham, May 29, 1867. Age, 48 yrs., 3 mos., 28 d. SOUTH SIDE. Edwin P., son of Samuel and Rebecca Perham, Dec. 1, 1843. Age, 1 yr., 3 mos , 10 d. Eliza B., dau. of Samuel P. and Asenath Perham, March 30, 1858. Age, 11 yrs., 2 mos., 13 d. Charles Proctor, Sept. 29, 1880. Age, 65 yrs., 3 mos., 20 d. Harriet P. Proctor, June 24, 1883. Age 61 yrs., 9 mos., 22 d. Fannie E., dau. of Eli P. and Nancy B. Parker, May 27, 1884. Age, 36 yrs. Henry Powers, May 5, 1889. Age, 24 yrs. Franklin F. Pearl, March 9, 1891. Age, 78 yrs., 8 mos., 5 d. Caroline H., his wife, Dec. 6, 1888. Age, 81 yrs., 8 mos., 9 d, Lucinda Parkhurst, Nov. 10, 1892. Age, 70 yrs. Fanny Thurlow, wife of Jonas R. Proctor, June 18, 1893. Age, 80 yrs. Edwin King Parkhurst, Feb. 28, 1828, Sept. 12, 1898. Eli P. Parker, Jan. 29, 1898. Age, 86 yrs. Lt. Joseph Parker. [See A, 1819.] Albert Proctor Perham, 1849—1899. Henry B. Proctor, Oct. 18, 1901. Age, 82 yrs., 6 mos., 16 d. Fiske King Parkhurst, Nov. 23, 1904. Age, 2 d. William J. Preston, Dec. 30, 1908. Age, 77 yrs., 10 mos., 21 d. Mary Elizabeth Parkhurst, Sept. 2, 1902. Age, 83 yrs., 6 mos., 10 d. William Sullivan Parker, May 20, 1910. Age, 51 yrs., 6 mos., 1 d. Martha Jones Parkhurst, June 13, 1912. Age, 73 yrs., 10 mos., 26 d. Henry Spaulding Perham, Feb. 25, 1906. Age, 62 yrs., 3 mos., 9 d. Elizabeth Rider (Johnson) Parkhurst, Dec. 16, 1908. Age, 91 yrs., 3 mos., 20 d. Jerome Manning Parkhurst, Feb. 16, 1908. Age, 60 yrs., 2 mos., 22 d. Harry Osgood Parkhurst, Aug. — , 1879. Age, 3 mos. Willard S. Parker, Nov. 19, 1858— May 20, 1910. Emeline Agusta Perham, July 4, 1911. Age, 88 yrs., 8 mos., 19 d. Perly Perkins Perham, March 16, 1911. Age, 87 yrs., 6 mos., 1 d. Edward Francis Parker, Aug. 24, 1912. Age, 73 yrs., 11 mos., 5 d. 746 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD George W. Proctor, Nov. 7, 1898. Age, 40 yrs. Sarah Elizabeth Proctor, March 28, 1892. Age, 65 yrs. Allen Pickard, April 16, 1905. Age, 11 mos., 20 d. Carl M. Pickard, Aug. 8, 1900. Age, 1 yr., 5 mos., 24 d. Hannah Fairbanks Perham, Dec. 30, 1911. Age, 62 yrs., 4 mos., 19 d. R Capt. Josias Richardson, July 22, 1695. Age, 61 yrs. Ezekiel Richardson, Nov. 27, 1696. Age, 29 yrs. Thomas Richardson, son of Ezekiel and Mary, May 6, 1698. Age, about 8 yrs. Lieut. Josiah Richardson, Oct. 17, 1711. Age, 47 yrs. Mrs. Remembrance Richardson, wife to Capt. Josiah Richardson, Feb. 20, 1718/9. Age, 79 yrs. Mrs. Elizabeth Richardson, wife to Capt. Jonathan Richardson, May 9, 1722. Age, 51 yrs. Samuel Richardson, son of Mr. Saml. and Mrs. Rachel Richardson, Feb. 18, 1727. Age, about 19 yrs. Mrs. Rachel Richardson, wife to Mr. Samuel Richardson, Feb. 26, 1727. Age, about 45 yrs. Marcy Richardson, dau. of Capt. Zechariah and Mrs. Sarah Richardson, Jan. 19, 1746. Age, 22 yrs. Mrs. Hannah Richardson, wife to Mr. Zachariah Richardson, March 10, 1754. Age, 77 yrs., 1 mo., 20 d. Mr. Samuel Richardson, April 23, 1754. Age 82 yrs., 1 mo., 19 d. Rachel Richardson, dau. of Mr. Eleazer and Mrs. Lydia Richardson, Oct. 21, 1760. Age, 9 yrs., 4 mos., 7 d. Mr. John Richardson, Aug. 28, 1764. Age, 52 yrs., 9 mos., 27 d. Mrs. Hannah Reading, formerly the wife of Mr. Jonathan Parkhurst, Sept. 24, 1768. Age, 64 yrs., 4 mos., 17 d. Mr. Zachariah Richardson, son of Mr. Zachariah Richardson and Mrs. Hannah, his wife, Sept. 7, 1775. Age, 21 yrs., 6 mos., 16 d. Mr. Zachariah Richardson, May 20, 1773. Age, 61 yrs., 2 mos., 18 d. Joseph Robbins, son of Ensn. Jonas Robbins and Mrs. Mary, his wife, Feb. 18, 1778. Age, 18 yrs., 9 mos., 2 d. Ensign Jonas Robbins, Feb. 25, 1775. Age, 61 yrs., 7 mos., 22 d. Hannah Richardson dau. of Mr. Robert Richardson and Mrs. Jane, his wife, June 28, 1775. Age, 11 yrs., 1 mo., 15 d. Two children of Mr. Jonathan Robins and Mrs. Elizabeth, his wife — Isaac, Aug. 28, 1775. Age, 3 yrs., 9 mos., 28 d. Betty, Sept. 1, 1775. Age, 1 yr., 8 mos., 12 d. Mr. John Robins, Sept. 5, 1775. Age, 65 yrs., 5 mos., 22 d. Mrs. Susannah Robins, wife of Mr. John Robins, Aug. 28, 1775. Age, 63 yrs. Capt. Zechariah Richardson, March 22, 1776. Age, 81 yrs. Mr. Eleazer Richardson, Aug. 15, 1776. Age, 58 yrs. Miss Hannah Richardson, Feb. 19, 1784. Age, 19 yrs. Miss Sarah Richardson, April 9, 1784. Age, 21 yrs. Miss Sibbel Richardson, Dec. 12, 1798. Age, 29 yrs. Three daughters of Mr. Zachariah Richardson and Mrs. Sarah Richardson. Mrs. Sarah Richardson, relict of Mr. Zachariah Richardson, Juner, July 3, 1785. Age 52 yrs. Esther Richardson, dau. of Mr Josiah and Mrs. Lydia Richardson, Jan. 25, 1788. Age, 16 yrs. Mrs. Sarah Richardson, wife of Cap. Zachariah Richardson, Aug. 11, 1788. Age, 78 yrs. Mrs. Mary Richardson, relict of Mr. Amos Richardson, of Pelham, April 1, 1791. Age, 76 yrs. Mrs. Lydia Richardson, relict of Mr. Eleazer Richardson, Feb. 21, 1797. Age, 74 yrs. S. A. R. Mr. Robert Richardson, Nov. 4, 1799. Age, 44 yrs. Mr. Josiah Richardson, April 15, 1801. Age, 67 yrs. BURYING GROUNDS 747 Chloe Richardson, wife of Oliver Richardson, Jan. 17, 1807. Age, 38 yrs. Alva H. Richardson, son of Mr. Elijah and Mrs. Molly Richardson, Aug. 26, 1810. Age, 5 yrs., 7 mos., 19 d. Oliver Richardson, May 17, 1816. Age, 58 yrs. Josiah Richardson, May 8, 1822. Age, 55 yrs. Mrs. Lydia, widow of Mr. Josiah Richardson, Oct. 15, 1822. Age, 84 yra. Miss Abby Ann, dau. of Capt. Sylvester Richmond, Aug. 25, 1824. Age, 9 yrs., 1 mo., 9 d. Mr. Alois Rush, Feb. 19, 1825. Age, 23 yrs. Mrs. Sybil, widow of Mr. Josiah Richardson, June 20, 1827. Age, 54 yrs. Ann P., dau. of Mr. Frederic and Mrs. Nancy Remme, Aug. 30, 1829. Age, 10 mos. Sybil Richardson, May 21, 1831. Age, 31 yrs., 7 mos., 21 d. Mr. James Robbins, May 15, 1835. Age, 56 yrs. Mr. Zaccheus W. Robbins, Sept. 17, 1837. Age, 30 yrs. Family tomb of Frances and Robert Richardson, 1840-1890. Jonathan M. Reed, born Jan. 20, 1804, died May 15, 1869. Sarah Elizabeth, his wife, born Sept. 17, 1809, died June 2, 1889. Frederic Tilton Reed, born Dec. 26, 1879, died July 14, 1906. Anna R. Reed, born Sept. 14, 1847, died June 16, 1902. Edith Minot, dau. of Fred M. and Anna R. Reed, died Jan. 14, 1879. Age, 6 mos. Willard Reed, born Feb. 18, 1777, died Oct. 12, 1850. Miranda, his wife, born April 17, 1776, died Nov. 29, 1846. REED MONUMENT. NORTH SIDE. Joseph Reed, Sept. 28, 1883. Age, 77 yrs., 2 mos. Leonora, wife of Joseph Reed, June 13, 1835. Age, 26 yrs. Maria E., 2nd wife, Feb. 20, 1874. Age, 61 yrs., 6 mos. EAST SIDE. Children of Joseph and Maria Reed: Katie A. Reed, Jan. 11, 1860. Age, 13 yrs., 3 mos. George E. Reed, Aug. 1, 1862, age, 24 yrs., at Baton Rouge, La. A member of Co. C, 30th Reg. Mass. Vols. Lucien H. Reed, Aug. 2, 1842, Jan. 30, 1893. WEST SIDE. Leonora S., Feb. 20, 1832. Age, 2 mos. Child of Joseph and Leonora Reed. Children of Joseph and Maria Reed — Lucy E., Aug. 25, 1841. Age, 3 mos. Caroline A., Feb. 26, 1843. Age, 3 yrs., 3 mos. Andrew J., Sept. 25, 1844. Age, 6 mos. Mortimer, Sept. 2, 1845. Age, 1 mo. Zackery F., Aug. 26, 1848. Age, 7 mos. Adelaide, Sept. 19, 1850. Age, 6 mos. Almah Richardson, March 4, 1844. Age, 28 yrs. Phena, wife of James Robbins, Aug. 25, 1852. Age, 73 yrs. Asa Edwin, son of George and Asenath Richardson, March 10, 1846. Age, 9 yrs., 9 mos. Asenath C, wife of George Richardson, Dec. 13, 1852. Age, 47 yrs., 9 mos. George Richardson, Sept. 1, 1853. Age, 56 yrs. 1810, Abbott Russell, 1892. 1808, Martha Truel, his wife, 1846. 1823, Statira Garland, his wife, 1895. 1861, Edwin Lincoln Russell, April 2, 1899. Children— 1842, Nelson Abbott, 1846. 1850, Charles Abbott, 1852. 1856. Belle Hayden, 1865. 748 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Elijah Richardson, July 11, 1862. Age, 57 yrs. Elisabeth, his wife, Feb. 13, 1873. Age, 64 yrs. Emerson, infant son. Frederick Remme, Nov. 20, 1866. Age, 74 yrs. Nancy, his wife, Jan. 20, 1868. Age, 77 yrs. Henrietta Richardson, born April 5, 1839, died Jan. 9, 1881. Dora Elizabeth, dau. of E. H. and M. D. Russell, May 31, 1899. Age, 6 yrs., 7 mos. Charles S. Reed, born April 29, 1835, died April 16, 1898. Lilla A. Rice, April 6, 1891. Age, 24 yrs., 3 mos., 3 d. A. Howard Richardson, served his country in Co. B, 6th Regt., M. V. M., in 1864; born Sept. 4, 1833, died March 16, 1903. Martin Robbins, April 25, 1906. Age, 53 yrs., 6 mos., lid. Emily E. Reed, May 5, 1909. Age, 71 yrs., 10 mos., 26 d. Maria L. Reed, Aug. 27, 1909. Age, 71 yrs., 10 mos., 6 d. Lieut. Edward Spaiditig, Jan. 10, 1707. Age, 73 yrs. Deacon Andrew Spolding, May 5, 1713. Age, 59 yrs., 5 mos. Mr. Henry Spaulding, April 5, 1718. Age, 38 yrs., 3 mos., 3 d. Mr. Richard Stratton, April 8, 1724. Age, about 60 yrs. Mr. Joseph Spaulding, March 12, 1728. Age, 54 yrs. Mrs. Hannah Spaulding, wife of Deacon Andrew Spaulding, Jan. 21, 1730. Age, 77 yrs. Mary Spaulding, dau. of Mr. Henry and Mrs. Mary Spaulding, Aug. 5, 1733. Age, 10 yrs. Benjamin Spaulding, son of Dea. Andrew and Mrs. Abigail Spaulding, Dec. 13, 1737. Age, 18 yrs. Henery Spaulding, only son of Mr. Henery and Mrs. Mary Spaulding, Jan. 23, 1738. Age, 8 yrs. Rev. Sampson Stoddard, 3rd pastor, ordained 1706, Aug. 23, 1740. Mrs. Lucia Spaulding, June 11, 1742. Age, 33 yrs., 10 mos., 2 d. Mrs. Elizabeth Stoddard, wife of Sampson Stoddard, Esq., July 26, 1743. Age, 27 yrs. John Vryling Stoddard, son of Sampson Stoddard, Esq., and Mrs. Margaret, his wife, Nov. 10, 1745. Age, 2 mos., 13 d. Mrs. Sarah Spaulding, wife of Mr. Simeon Spaulding, Nov. 14, 1746. Age, 29 yrs., 1 mo., 7 d. Joanah Spaulding, dau. of Mr. Simeon and Mrs. Sarah Spaulding, Aug. 24, 1747. Age, 3 yrs., 20 d. Sibyl Spaulding, dau. of Dea. Ephraim and Mrs. Lydia Spaulding, Sept. 9, 1747. Age, 8 yrs. Mrs. Mary Spaulding, wife of Mr. Henry Spaulding, Oct. 2, 1747. Age, 47 yrs. Elizabeth Stoddard, dau. of Col. Sampson and Mrs. Elizabeth Stoddard, Oct. 10, 1749. Age, 7 yrs., 8 mos. William Stoddard, son of Col. Sampson and Mrs. Elizabeth Stoddard, April 1, 1750. Age, 11 mos., 21 d. Mrs. Phebe Spaulding, with her child, wife and child of Lieut. John Spaulding, Nov. 11, 1752. Age, 45 yrs., 10 mos., 20 d. Deacon Andrew Spaulding, Nov. 7, 1753. Age, 75 yrs. Ruth Spaulding, dau. to Lieut. John and Mrs. Pheby Spaulding, April 6, 1754. Age, 21 yrs., 7 mos. Mr. Henry Spaulding, Oct. 2, 1754. Age, 52 yrs. Mr. Henery Spaulding, son of Cornet Henery Spaulding and Mrs. Lucey, his wife, Feb. 3, 1760. Age, 23 yrs., 5 mos., 16 d. Mr. Edward Spalding, Nov. 25, 1761. Age, 88 yrs. Mrs. Joanna Stevens, wife of Mr. Simeon Stevens, Nov. 9, 1762. Age, 23 yrs., 10 mos., 12 d. Mrs. Abigail Spaulding, wife of Deacon Andrew Spaulding, May 12, 1768. Age, 86 yrs. BURYING GROUNDS 749 Mr. Robert Spaulding, son of Mr. David Spaulding and Mrs. Phebe, his wife, Jan. 26, 1771. Age, 21 yrs. Mr. Stephen Scales, Nov. 5, 1772. Age, 31 yrs. Mr. Noah Shed, son of Mr. Zachariah Shed and Mrs. Hannah, his wife, Sept. 10, 1772. Age, 24 yrs., 2 mos., 10 d. Miss Lydia Shed, dau. of Mr. Zechariah Shed and Mrs. Hannah, his wife, Dec. 28, 1775. Age, 24 yrs. Miss Sarah Snow, twin with her sister. Thankful, dau. of Mr. Joshua Snow and Mrs. Lois, his wife, Jan. 20, 1776. Age, 12 yrs., 15 d. Henery Spaulding, son of Mr. Zabulon Spaulding and Mrs. Lydia, his wife, April 26, 1776. Age, 3 yrs., 6 mos., 16 d. Olive Spaulding, dau. of Mr. Zebulon Spaulding and Mrs. Lydia Spaulding, his wife, Aug. 31, 1778. Age, 2 yrs., 7 mos., 25 d. Thankful Spaulding, dau. of Mr. Henry Spaulding and Mrs. Mary Spaulding* his wife, Sept. 3, 1778. Age, 16 yrs., 9 d. Mrs. Elizabeth Scripture, April 15, 1781. Age, 98 yrs., 3 mos., 26 d. Mr. Joshua Snow, March 17, 1783. Age, 44 yrs., 8 mos., 5 d. Col. Simeon Spaulding, April 7, 1785. Age, 72 yrs. Mrs. Mary Shed, Aug. 3, 1785. Age, 28 yrs., 3 mos., 27 d. Mr. Zachariah Shed, Feb. 2, 1786. Age, 63 yrs. Mrs. Ruth Stevens, wife of Ensign Samuel Stevens, Oct. 15, 1787. Age, 72 yrs., 3 mos., 26 d. Isaiah Spaulding, Nov. 27, 1787. Age, 77 yrs. less 2 d. Mrs. Esther Spaulding, relict of Mr. Josiah Spaulding, Jan. 21, 1790. Age, 76 yrs. Lieut. John Spaulding, May 4, 1791. Age, 87 yrs. Mrs. Nabby Spaulding, consort of Mr. Jeose Spaulding, Aug. 4, 1791. Age, 23 yrs. Deacon Ephriam Spaulding, Dec. 20, 1791. Age, 84 yrs. Cornet Henry Spaulding, April 29, 1792. Age, 88 yrs. Ensign Samuel Stevens, Dec. 21, 1792. Age, 84 yrs., 8 mos., 10 d. Mr. David Spaulding, Nov. 9, 1793. Age, 77 yrs. Mrs. Phebe Spaulding, wife of Mr. David Spaulding, Dec. 20, 1795. Age, 77 yrs. Parker Snow, son of Lieut. Jonathan Snow and Mrs. Sarah, his wife, Jan. 28, 1796. Age, 3 yrs., 2 mos., 21 d. Mrs. Elizabeth Spaulding, wife of Mr. Jesse Spaulding, April 30, 1796. Age, 29 yrs. Mrs. Lydia Spaulding, wife of Deacon Ephriam Spaulding, Aug. 29, 1796. Age, 84 yrs. Mrs. Rachel Spaulding, relict of Lieut. John Spaulding, April 10, 1797. Age, 72 yrs. David Spaulding, son of Mr. Andrew Spaulding and Mrs. Ruth, his wife, Feb. 23, 1798. Age, 2 yrs., 1 mo., 9 d. Mr. Peter Spaulding, March 16, 1801. Age, 67 yrs. Clarissa Spalding, dau. of Mr. Simeon and Mrs. Olive Spalding, July 14, 1801. Age, 8 yrs. Miss Lucy Stevens, dau. of Mr. Jonothan and Mrs. Thankful Stevens, Dec. 18, 1802. Age, 21 yrs. Sewell Spaulding, son of Mr. Jesse and Mrs. Elizabeth Spaulding, June 29, 1804. Age, 4 mos. Mrs. Abigail, wife of Mr. Joseph Spalding, Aug. 10, 1805. Age, 45 yrs. Mrs. Mary Spaulding, wife of Mr. Henry Spaulding, April 29, 1807. Age, 91 yrs. Mr. Jesse Spaulding, May 15, 1808. Age, 45 yrs. Betsey Ann Spaulding, dau. of Mr. Henry Spaulding and Mrs. Jemima, his wife, April 2, 1809. Age, 3 mos. Mr. Jonathan Spaulding, Dec. 16, 1809. Age, 75 yrs. Mrs. Elizabeth Spalding, wife of Mr. Jesse Spalding, Sept. 19, 1812. Age, 41 yrs. Jesse Smith. [See Mansur tomb.] Family tomb of Azariah and Noah Spaulding, built A. D. 1813. No. 6. 750 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Mrs. Abigail, wife of Mr. Joseph Spaulding, Aug. 10, 1805. Age, 45 yrs. Family tomb of Ephriam P. Spaulding. Samuel Stevens. [See Pitts.] Sherebiah Spaulding. [See Parkhurst, 1815.] Family tomb of Capt. Jonathan Perham and Henry Spaulding. No. 8. Built A. D. 1813. Elizabeth, wife of Samuel Perham, Dec. 24, 1820. Age, 83 yrs. Jonathan, son of Samuel and Elizabeth Perham, July 28, 1827. Age, 52 yrs, Mary, his wife, April 16, 1836. Age, 61 yrs. Otis Perham, M. D., son of Jonathan and Mary, Nov. 22, 1863. Age, 50 yrs. Elizabeth, dau. of Jonathan and Mary Perham, Sept. 2, 1807. Age, 1 yr. 6 mos. Family tomb of Joseph and I. Putnam and Varnum Spaulding. John J. Stickelmire, native of Germany, and late foreman of the Chelmsford Glass Manufactory, March 31, 1814. Age, 48 yrs. Miss Elizabeth Spaulding, dau. of Mr. Jesse and Mrs. Elizabeth Spaulding, April 10, 1815. Age, 19 yrs. Ebenezer Shedd, Feb. 21, 1815. Age, 34 yrs. Lucy Parker, his wife, Oct. 12, 1873. Age, 92 yrs., 10 mos. Mr. Edward Stevens, March 13, 1816. Age, 42 yrs. Mr. Joseph Spalding, July 31, 1820. Age, 64 yrs. Mr. Asaph Spaulding, Aug. 13, 1827. Age, 23 yrs. Mr. Nathaniel Spaulding, son of Mr. Job and Mrs. Sarah Spaulding, Feb. 12, 1829. Age, 38 yrs. Capt. Ebenezer Shed, born June 1, 1753, died March 1, 1829. Age, 75 yrs. 9 mos. Lucy, his wife, born Oct. 20, 1762, died Feb. 2, 1849. Age, 86 yrs., 3 mos. Two children of Mr. John and Mrs. Mary Shed— Mary E. Shed, Aug. 3, 1818. Age, 10 yrs. Samuel Shed, May 2, 1829. Age, 19 yrs. Mrs. Mary, wife of Mr. John Shed, Sept. 3, 1830. Age, 48 yrs. Miss Sarah Spaulding, Oct. 5, 1830. Age, 69 yrs. Mr. John Spaulding, 2nd, Oct. 27, 1830. Age, 44 yrs. Charles H., son of Charles H. and Hannah J. Sanger, Oct. 13, 1836. Age, 3 yrs., 6 mos. Ebenezer Spolding, Jr., Nov. 17, 1832. Age, 26 yrs. Mr. Jonas Spaulding, April 30, 1833. Age, 74 yrs. The family tomb of Simeon Spalding, Haskell Spalding and Weld Spalding, built, 1835. Job Spaulding, born March, 1762, died Nov. 15, 1835. A Revolutionary pensioner honorably discharged from the first three years' service of his country. May, 1780, at the early age of 18 yrs., 2 mos. Mr. Edward Smith, May 6, 1836. Age, 25 yrs. (Late of Charlestown.) Abraham A. Spaulding, Sept. 8, 1836. Age, 43 yrs. Polly H., his wife, April 24, 1857. Age, 59 yrs. Hannah Elizabeth, their dau., Feb. 15, 1851. Age, 24 yrs., 10 mos., John A. son of John and Caroline Semple, Feb. 23, 1836. Age, 3 yrs., 6 mos, Hannah, wife of Benjamin Stevens, Dec. 24, 1837. Age, 61 yrs. Sarah Spalding, Nov. 5, 1838. Age, 3 yrs., 3 mos. Isaac W. Spalding, Feb. 1, 1839. Age, 17 mos. Ebenezer Spalding, April 14, 1845. Age, 75 yrs. Amos Shed, Aug. 7, 1842. Age, 39 yrs. Mary Spaulding, his wife, Aug. 3, 1900. Age, 97 yrs. Children of Amos and Mary S. Shed— Mary S., Aug. 28, 1838. Age, 3 mos. Mary B., Sept. 14, 1859. Age, 16 yrs., 11 mos. Baby, born Oct. 8, 1842. Mary S., wife of Alfred Shepard, June 7, 1845. Age, 21 yrs. Juliet C, dau. of Nathaniel and Hannah Sweetser, Jan. 3, 1847. Age, 9 yrs., 6 mos. Rebecca Stevens, Nov. 22, 1848. Age, 68 yrs. Eunice, wife of Ebenezer Spalding, May 7, 1849. Age, 80 yrs. Joseph Shed, born Sept. 22, 1807, died Feb. 11, 1851. Age, 43 yrs., 4 mos. Sally Stevens, May 16, 1853. Age, 76 yrs. John W. Stearns, Aug. 29, 1861. Age, 39 yrs. BURYING GROUNDS 751 Eliza Spalding, Jan. 28, 1866. Age, 26 yrs., 5 mos. Mary B., wife of John E. Stevens, July 3, 1868. Age, 55 yrs., 6 mos., 21 d. Jabez Stevens, April 29, 1874. Age, 68 yrs. Surviah M., wife of Jabez Stevens, March 4, 1882. Age, 76 yrs. Julia A. P. Spalding, wife of E. E. Spalding, March 14, 1873. Age, 38 yrs. Albert Strout, Oct. 30, 1874. Age, 48 yrs., 6 mos. Lydia, wife of John Spaulding, March 23, 1876. Age, 89 yrs. Mary A., wife of Rev. Harrison W. Strong, Aug. 21, 1876. Age, 52 yrs. E. Adams, June 30, 1870, age, 18 yrs., 3 mos., child of Chas. and Mary Sweetser. Charles D., son of Charles and Mary Sweetser, Dec. 6, 1870. Age, 26 yrs. Charles Marshall, May 9, 1871. Age, 61 yrs. Eliza T., wife of Albert Strout, April 5, 1877. Age, 47 yrs., 6 mos., 20 d. Asa Spalding, July 19, 1881. Age, 37 yrs., 11 mos. S. Fred, son of Chas. and Mary Sweetser, Dec. 9, 1885. Age, 31 yrs., 8 mos. Dorcas Smith, born July 26, 1804, died March 17, 1886. Mary A., wife of Jonathan Spalding, Feb. 20, 1887. Age, 75 yrs., 11 mos., 8 d. Alvina E., wife of Geo. B. Smith, Jan. 21, 1890. Age, 30 yrs. 10 mos., 17 d. Dea. John E. Stevens, April 3, 1890. Age, 67 yrs., 9 mos., 10 d. Lydia A., dau. of Jonathan and Mary A. Spalding, Sept. 24, 1890. Age, 55 yrs., 9 mos. Joseph Warren Smith, born Jan. 11, 1821, died Aug. 21, 1886. Mary S. Bent, his wife, born June 14, 1823, died July 1, 1889. Children of J. W. and M. S. Smith— Charles Bent, born Oct. 18, 1860, died Dec. 1, 1862. Fanny Warren, born Aug. 31, 1863, died May 4, 1864. Mary A. Easty, wife of Jacob Spalding, Aug. 9 1890. Age, 86 yrs. Jonathan Spalding, April 28, 1892. Age, 85 yrs., 7 mos., 8 d. Lucinda J. Stearns, March 13, 1895. Age, 73 yrs. John S. Shed, March 22, 1897. Age, 80 yrs. Jerusha J., his wife, Nov. 23, 1900. Age, 73 yrs. Mary Adams, wife of Chas. Sweetser, Aug. 11 1897. Age 73 yrs. Jacob Spalding, Dec. 11, 1899. Age, 90 yrs. Charles Sweetser, March 4, 1901. Age, 81 yrs. Wm. J. Stevens, Jan. 24, 1840, July 10, 1903. Adeline P., wife of Elbridge P. Spaulding, Feb. 19, 1899. Age, 84 yrs. Elbridge P. Spaulding, July 29, 1876. Age, 62 yrs., 3 mos. Elbridge A., son of Elbridge P. and Adeline P. Spaulding, Sept. 2, 1842. Age, 11 mos. Elbridge G. Smith, born June 3, 1833, died Jan. 28, 1903. Sarah A., his wife, born Feb. 27, 1835, died March 10, 1897. Infant dau. of Edwin E. and Carrie A. Smith, April 9, 1898. Nathan Crosby Saunders, Feb. 7, 1839, Jan. 26, 1904. Lydia A. (Craig) Saunders, Oct. 16, 1847, Dec. 19, 1885. Ray Saunders, Nov. 21, 1887, Nov. 24, 1887. Paul Saunders, Feb. 25, 1892, Feb. 27, 1892. Lillian Eliza Santamour, Jan. 18, 1909. Age, 3J d. Frank Santamour, July 16, 1902. Age, 3 d. Paul Smith, Aug. 22, 1910. Age, 64 yrs., 5 mos. Julia A. Spaulding, Oct. 5, 1902. Age, 76 yrs., 10 mos., 14 d. Alice Ward Spaulding, Aug. 23, 1895. Age, 30 yrs., 11 mos., 23 d. Willard D. Stone, Jan. 22, 1899. Age, 46 yrs., 19 d. Harrison Howard Stone, Nov. 12, 1905. Age, 16 yrs., 10 mos., 18 d. Mary Spalding Shed, Aug. 3, 1900. Age, 96 yrs., 10 mos. Louise Goucher Saunders, Feb. 4, 1911. Age, 57 yrs., 1 mo. Ruth Irene Saunders, June 9, 1906. Age, 16 yrs., 10 mos., 2 d. Edward Everett Spalding, June 10, 1907. Age, 76 yrs., 6 mos. T Mrs. Lucia Tyng, wife to Capt. William Tyng, April 25, 1708. Age, 28 yrs., 4 mos. Mary E., dau. of Maj. Luke and Mrs. Betsy Thompson, Oct. 4, 1821, Age, 2 yrs., 3 mos. 762 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Mr. James Twiss, Oct. 8, 1826. Age, 53 yrs. Miss Nancy, dau. of Mr. Hezekiah and Mrs. Abigail Thorndike, May 27, 1828. Age, 40 yrs. Hezekiah Thorndike, May 3, 1842. Age, 87 yrs. Abigail Chamberlin, relict of Hezekiah Thorndike, Aug. 30, 1843. Age, 82 yrs. Almira M., wife of George Teel, Feb. 24, 1879. Age, 28 yrs., 5 mos. U Clement Upham, July 26, 1886. Age, 70 yrs., 6 mos. Elmira W., wife of Clement Upham, 1820-1898. Geo. H., son of Clement and Elmira W. Upham, April 16, 1861. Age, 7 yrs., 9 mos., 11 d. V Louisa Clark Van Scoy, Jan. 11, 1899. Age, 70 yrs., 5 mos., 2 d. w Deacon Cornelius Waldo, Jan. 3, 1700. Age, 75 yrs. Mrs. Joanna Warren, wife of Mr. Joseph Warren, March 3, 1763, born March 10, 1726. Age, 37 yrs., 7 d. Mr. Joseph Warren, Sept. 28, 1760. Age, 71 yrs. Miss Sarah Walker, dau. of Mr. Robert Walker and Mrs. Elizabeth, his wife, Sept. 24, 1775. Age, 20 yrs. Isaac Warren, son of Mr. Isaac Warren and Mrs. Lydia, his wife, Sept. 25, 1775. Age, 1 yr., 5 mos., 16 d. Anna Warren, dau. of Mr. Isaac Warren and Mrs. Lydia, his wife, Feb. 16, 1786. Age, 3 yrs., 9 mos. Capt. Joseph Warren, March 17, 1792. Age, 67 yrs. Mrs. Sarah, wife of Capt. Joseph Warren, Oct. 7, 1815. Age, 89 yrs. Mrs. Rebecca Wilder, relict of Coll. Oliver Wilder, late of Lancaster, Oct. IS, 1796. Age, 92 yrs. Lieut. Joseph Warren, July 1, 1807. Age, 46 yrs. Mrs. Sarah, wife of Capt. Joseph Warren, Oct. 7, 1815. Age, 89 yrs. Jeremiah Warren, Sept. 10, 1810. Age, 46 yrs, Rachel, his wife, Dec. 7, 1836. Age, 72 yrs. Sybil, their dau., Jan. 31, 1816. Age, 19 yrs. Sally Ann, wife of John H. Young, March 16, 1821. Age, 34 yrs. Also their son, Samuel E. C, Feb. 27, 1819. Age, 1 yr., 10 mos. Mrs Nabby [Abigail], wife of Capt. Zacheus Wright, Feb. 11, 1827. Age, 52 yrs. Mr. Gideon Whittemore, June 27, 1834. Age, 58 yrs. Zaccheus Wright, Dec. 8, 1846. Age, 76 yrs. Harriet L., wife of Enoch Watson, Aug. 22, 1846. Age, 28 yrs. Wm. P., their son, Aug. 1, 1846. Age, 9 mos. Jonathan B. Wheeler, Sept. 16, 1849. Age, 34 yrs. Rhoda, his wife, April 9, 1876. Age, 60 yrs. Children of James and Elisabeth Wentworth — Lydia E., Aug. 23, 1847. Age, 3 yrs., 6 mos. Frederick M., Sept. 26, 1847. Age, 9 mos. Louise P., wife of William S. Wright, June 2, 1854. Age, 28 yrs. Moses P. Worthen, Nov. 28, 1859. Age, 48 yrs. Charles Everett, son of Edwin H. and Julia E. Warren, Aug. 29, 1865. Age, 4 yrs., 6 mos., 23 d. Daniel Emerson, son of Edwin H. and Julia E. Warren, Sept. 27, 1865. Age, 1 yr., 6 mos., 29 d. George Manning, son of Edwin H. and Julia E. Warren, Feb. 1, 1869. Age, 16 yrs., 4 mos., 27 d. [See also Mansur tomb.] Mertie, son of Asa H. and Sarah Webber, Nov. 1, 1865. Age, 2 yrs., 3 mos., 10 d. BURYING GROUNDS 763 Louisa A. Webster, Jan. 2, 1866. Age, 42 yrs. Susan, wife of George S. Wood, April 11, 1875. Age, 52 yrs., 8 mos. Joel B. Wright, Jan. 14, 1867. Age, 66 yrs., 5 mos. Sarah, wife of Joel B. Wright, Aug. 12, 1854. Age, 62 yrs. Eli F. Webster, Dec. 13, 1870. Age, 77 yrs. Roxanna D., his wife, Feb. 25, 1873. Age, 69 yrs. Angie M., dau. of Eli F. and Roxanna Webster, Aug. 17, 1860. Age, 24 yrs., 9 mos. H. Georgia, dau. of Eli F. and Roxanna Webster, Feb. 25, 1841, March 25, 1887. Bernice C, dau. of F. J. and C. M. Whittemore, June 6, 1889, June 28, 1891. Moses C. Wilson, born Dec. 1, 1833, died Jan. 23, 1893. Edwin H. Warren, Feb. 14, 1898. Age, 73 yrs., 10 mos., 7 d. Heman Woodward, Jan. 9, 1899. Age, 75 yrs. Ruth, his wife, July 8, 1853. Age, 33 yrs. Calvin T. Wright, died June 9, 1899. Age, 80 yrs., 1 mo., 23 d. Marthah, his wife, died March 29, 1891. Age, 69 yrs., 7 mos., 19 d. Warren and Carlton tomb — WEST SIDE. Amos Carlton, died Nov. 28, 1864. Age, 66 yrs. Betsey Sumner, wife of Amos Carlton, Aug. 21, 1865. Age, 69 yrs. George Carlton, Aug. 3, 1843. Age, 31 yrs. SOUTH SIDE. Joseph Warren, Feb. 9, 1858. Age, 88 yrs. Mary Spalding, wife of Joseph Warren, Oct. 25, 1841. Age, 69 yrs. Joseph Warren, Jr., June 9, 1888. Age, 87 yrs., 9 mos. Martha Carlton, wife of Joseph Warren, Jr., Jan. 6, 1879. Age, 78 yrs. Miriam Warren, Oct. 7, 1889. Age, 87 yrs. NORTH SIDE. Ephriam Warren, Oct. 13, 1837. Age, 44 yrs. Esther Carlton, wife of Ephriam Warren, Oct. 28, 1862. Age, 66 yrs. Martha C. Warren, dau. of Ephriam and Esther C. Warren, Oct. 14, 1854. Age, 16 yrs., 6 mos., 17 d. Rachel Warren, Nov. 14, 1839. Age, 44 yrs. Amos C. Warren, born Aug. 10, 1834, died Jan. 7, 1887. Etta A., wife of Amos C. Warren, born Nov. 13, 1842, died Aug. 9, 1875. Age, 32 yrs. Elizabeth Washer, Oct. 15, 1841. Age, 67 yrs. Also infant children, Isaac and Mary A. Grooker. James F. Whitney, June 23, 1843. Age, 31 yrs. Blanche S. Willoughby, May 15, 1911. Age, 32 yrs., 11 mos., 4 d. Eliza A. Wright, May 12, 1906. Age, 75 yrs., 6 mos., 15 d. Julia Elizabeth Warren, March 3, 1913. Age, 82 yrs., 11 mos., 3 d. Clarence Flanders Wright, Feb. 17, 1901. Age, 13 yrs., 1 mo., 27 d. Nathan Carlton Warren, May 20, 1863— Jan 17, 1907. Willie Clifford Ward, Dec. 2, 1914. Age 43 yrs, 1 mo., 20 d. CHAPTER XVIIL CIVIL LIST. IN this list are given the names of the selectmen for all the years in which they are found recorded in the Chelmsford records; the names also of the treasurers and clerks; and of the repre- sentatives at the General Court; and, as far as possible, the names of the moderators of the Annual Town Meetings. In most instances, the titles are retained as of interest, or for identification when the first name is not given. The varied spelling has also been retained for the most part. 1654. Trustees: Esdras Read, Edward Spaulding, William Fletcher, Isaac Lerned, Simon Thompson, William Underwood, Thomas Adams. 1656. Trustees to order the affairs of the Town: Samuel Foster, Thomas Adams, James Blood, Edward Spaulding, William Fletcher, Richard Hildreth, Benjamin Butterfield, James Parker, Simon Tomson. 1658. Selectmen: Thomas Adams, James Blood, James Parker, William Fletcher, Samuel Foster; Clerk: Jacob Parker, Clerk of the Writs, and Clerk for the Town. 1660. Selectmen: Thomas Adams, Samuel Foster, Benjamin Butterfield, Edward Spaulding, William Fletcher; Clerk: Jacob Parker. 1661. Selectmen: Thomas Adams, Benjamin Butterfield, William Fletcher, Edward Spaulding, Samuel Foster. 1662. Selectmen: Thomas Adams, William Fletcher, Thomas Hinchman, Samuel Foster, Jacob Parker; Clerk: Jacob Parker. 1663. Selectmen: John Webb, Samuel Adams, Thomas Hinchman, William Fletcher, Jacob Parker; Clerk: Jacob Parker; Representative: Ensigne John Webb. 1664. Selectmen: Samuel Adams, Thomas Hinchman, William Fletcher, Thomas Adams, Jacob Parker; Representative: Ensigne Jno. Euered. 1665. Selectmen: William Fletcher, Samuel Adams, Thomas Adams, Thomas Hinchman, Jacob Parker; Representative: Capt. Jno. Euered. 1666. Selectmen: Capt. Adams, Ens. Hinchman, William Fletcher, Thomas Adams, Jacob Parker; Clerk: Jacob Parker; Representative: Mr. Tho. Hincksman. 1667. Selectmen: Capt. Samuel Adams, Thomas Adams, Thomas Hinchman, William Underwood, John Barrett; Representatives: Mr. Peter Tilton, Mr. Tho. Hincksman. 1668. Selectmen: Capt. Adams, Ensign Hinchman, Thomas Adams, William Fletcher, Jacob Parker; Clerk: Saml. Adams. 1669. Selectmen: Capt. Adams, Thomas Adams, Cornet Hinchman, John Barrett, William Underwood; Clerk: Saml. Adams. 1670. Selectmen: Samuel Adams, Thomas Adams, Thomas Hinchman, John Barrett, William Underwood; Clerk; Saml. Adams. 1671. Selectmen: Capt. Adams, Thomas Adams, Cornet Hinchman, Will Underwood, John Barit; Clerk: Saml. Adams; Representative: Mr. Tho. Hincksman. 1672. Selectmen: Saml. Adams, Mr. Thom Hinchman, Thom Adams, William Underwood, John Barrett; Clerk, Saml. Adams. CIVIL LIST 755 1673. Selectmen: Samuel Adams, Left. Thomas Hinchman, En. William Fletcher, Samuel Foster, succeeded by Ser. Josiah Richardson, Will Underwood; Clerk: Saml. Adams; Representative; Mr. Tho. Addams. 1674. Selectmen: Samuell Adames, Thorn. Adames, William Underwood, John Burge, Sen.; Thorn. Chamberlin, Sen.; Clerk: Saml. Adams. 1675. Selectmen: Samuell Adames, Thomas Adames, William Underwood, John Burge, Sen., Thom. Chamberlin, Sen.; Clerk: Saml. Adams. 1676. Selectmen: Samuell Adams, Thomas Adames, William Underwood, William Fletcher, Cornelius Waldow; Clerk: Saml. Adams; Represent- ative; Left. Tho. Hinchman. 1677. Selectmen: Samll. Adams, Sen., Thom. Adams, Will Underwood, John Fiske, Josiah Richardson; Clerk: Saml. Adams. 1678. Selectmen: Capt. Saml. Adams, Thos. Hinchman, Will Underwood, Josiah Richardson, Leftenant Foster; Clerk: Sam Adams. 1679. Selectmen: Capt. Adams, Capt. Hinchman, Will Underwood, Josiah Richardson, John Fiske; Clerk: Sam Adams; Representative: Mr. Sam Foster. 1680. Selectmen: Capt. Adams, Capt. Hinchman, Will Underwood, Josiah Richardson, Mr. John Fiske; Clerk: Sam Adams. 1681. Selectmen: Capt. Adams, Capt. Hinchman, Will Underwood, Josiah Richardson, Mr. John Fiske. 1682. Selectmen: Capt. Saml. Adams, Capt. Thos. Hinchman, Mr. Will Underwood, Ser. Josiah Richardson, Mr. John Fiske; Clerk: Sam Adams. 1683. Selectmen: Josiah Richardson, Solomon Keyes, Joseph Farwell, John Wright, Jacob Warren; Clerk: Sam. Adams; Representative: Capt. Thomas Hinchman. 1684. Selectmen: Capt. Adams, Ser. Richardson, Solomon Keyes, Joseph Farwell, Mr. John Fiske; Clerk: Sam Adams. 1685. Selectmen: Saml. Adams, Thos. Hinchman, John Fiske, Josiah Richardson, Joseph Farwell; Committee to give the Selectmen instruc- tions according to Law: Maj. Thos. Hinchman, Decon Foster, Solomon Keyes, Sr., Ensign Edw. Spalding; Clerk: Saml. Adams. 1686. Selectmen: Capt. Saml. Adams, Maj. Thomas Hinchman, Ser. Josiah Richardson, Ens. John Fiske, Joseph Farwell; Clerk: Saml. Adams. 1687. Selectmen: Sam Adams, Josiah Richardson, En. Joseph Farwell, Edw. Spalding, Moses Barron; Clerk, Saml. Adams. 1688. Selectmen: Sam Adams, Josiah Richardson, En. Joseph Farwell, Edw. Spalding, Moses Barron, Elz. Brown; Clerk: Jacob Parker; Representative: Capt. Josiah Richardson. 1689. Selectmen: Josiah Richardson, Sen., Joseph Farwell, Eleazer Brown, John Spalding, Deacon Foster; Clerk: Josiah Richardson; Representa- tive: Josiah Richardson. 1690. Selectmen; Left. James Hildreth, John Barite, Senor, Solomon Keyes, Senor, Left. Bowers, Nathaniel Hill; Clerk: Solomon Keyes; Repre- sentative: Edward Spalding. 1691. Selectmen: John Barrett, James Hildreth, Left. Bowers, Joshua Fletcher, Abraham Parker; Clerk: Josiah Richardson; Representative: Edw. .Spalden. 1692. Selectmen: Left. John Barrett, Left. James Hiidreth, Left. Bowers, Abraham Parker, Joshaway Fletcher; Clerk: Josiah Richardson. 1693. Moderator: Edward Spaulding; Selectmen: Josiah Richardson, Sen., Ensign Farwell, Left. James Hildreth, Thos. Parker, Steven Perse; To instruct the selectmen: Edw. Spalding, Deacon Foster, Solomon Keyes; Clerk: Josiah Richardson; Representatives: Cornelius Waldo, Henry Woodis. 1694. Moderator: Thomas Hinchman; Selectmen: Joseph Richardson, Joseph Farwell, James Hildreth, Nat Hill, Samuel Fletcher; Clerk: Josiah Richardson, Senior; Representative: Capt. Timothy Clarke, of Boston, rejected by Governor for non-residence; Cornelius Waldo. 756 HISTOR Y OF CHELMSFORD 1695. Moderator: Thos. Hinchman; Selectmen: Josiah Richardson, Joseph Farwell, Eleazer Browne, Ephraim Hildreth, Quart. Nat. Hill; To instruct the selectmen: Deacon Foster, Ens. Spaulding, Solomon Keyes; Treas- urer: Sgt. Thos. Parker; Clerk: Eleazer Browne; Representative: Major Thos. Hinchman. 1696. Moderator: Thos. Hinchman; Selectmen: Ensign Farwell, Quart. Hill; Sargt. Thos. Parker; Sargt. Will Fletcher, Ephr. Hildreth; To instruct the selectmen: Thos. Hinchman, Left. Bowers, Sol. Keyes; Clerk: Thos. Parker; Representative: Nathaniel Hill. 1697. Selectmen: Thos. Parker, Cornet Hill, Ephraim Hildreth, Stephen Perce, Joseph Farwell; Tresaurer: Cornet Hill; Clerk: Thos. Parker; Representative: Capt. Jerahmeel Bowers. 1698. Moderator: Thomas Hinchman; Selectmen: Maj. Hinchman, Sol. Keyes, Sen., Deacon Waldo, Eph. Hildreth, Stephen Perce; Treasurer: Cornet Hill; Clerk: Sol Keyes, Sen.; Representative: Capt. Jerahmeel Bowers. 1699. Moderator: Majr. Hinchman; Selectmen: Maj. Hinchman, Cor. Perce, Cor. Hill, Eph. Hildreth, Samuel Fletcher; Treasurer: Cor. Hill; Clerk: Samuel Fletcher; Representative: Nathaniel Hill. 1700. Moderator: Thomas Hinchman; Selectmen: Major Hinchman, Cornet Hill, Stephen Pierce, Saml. Fletcher, Jr., Eleazer Brown; Treasurer: Cor. Hill; Clerk: Saml. Fletcher, Jr.; Representative: Joseph Hildreth. 1701. Selectmen: Eleazer Brown, Nathaniel Hill, William Fletcher, Ephraim Hildreth, Saml. Fletcher, Jr.; Treasurer: Nat Hill; Clerk: Saml. Fletcher, Jr.; Representative: Edward Spaulding. 1702. Moderator: Lt. Barret; Selectmen: Deacon Brown, Nath. Hill, Andreu Spaulding, Jonathan Barrett, Saml. Fletcher; Treasurer: Nat Hill; Clerk: Dec. Eleazer Brown; Representative: Mr. Nathaniel Hill. 1703. Moderator: Mr. Hill; Selectmen: Sam Fletcher, Jr., Cor. Stephen Peirce, Ephraim Hildreth, Jonathan Barret, Cornet Hill; Treasurer: Cornet Hill; Clerk: Saml. Fletcher, Mch. 9, 1704, Apr. 8, 1704, June; Representative: Nathaniel Hill. 1704. Clerk: Moses Barron; Representatives: Nat Hill, Capt. Bowers. 1705. Moderator: Capt. Bowers; Selectmen: Cornet Hill, Moses Barron, Jonathan Barrett, Jonathan Richardson, Stephen Pierce; Treasurer: Leftenant Fletcher; Clerk; Mch. 6, Moses Barron, May; Representa- tive, Jerahmeel Bowers. 1706. Moderator: Capt. Bowers; Selectmen: Stephen Pierce, Sen., John Richardson, Moses Barron, Ephraim Hildreth, Corp. Joshua Fletcher; Treasurer: Leftenant Fletcher; Clerk: Moses Barron; Representative: Capt. Jerahmeel Bowers. 1707. Selectmen: Moses Barron, Jonathan Barret, Joseph Keyes, Josiah Richardson, Joseph Adams; Treasurer: Lt. Wm. Fletcher; Clerk: Moses Barron; Representative: Capt. Wm. Tyng. 1708. Moderator: Corp. Stephen Pierce; Selectmen: Joseph Adams, Stephen Perce, Moses Barron; Treasurer: Wm. Fletcher, Jr., the 3d; Clerk: Moses Barron; Representative: Capt. William Tyng. 1709. Moderator: Capt. Tyng; Selectmen: Moses Barron, Lieut. Adams, William Fletcher; Treasurer: Wm. Fletcher; Clerk: Moses Barron; Representative: Mr. Stephen Pierce. 1710. Moderator: Stephen Peirce; Selectmen: Moses Barron, William Fletcher; Ephraim Hildreth; Treasurer: Wm. Fletcher; Clerk: Moses Barron; Representative: Mr. Stephen Pierce. 1711. Moderator: Stephen Pierce; Selectmen: Moses Barron, Lt. Adams, Cor. Wm. Fletcher, Jonathan Richardson, Ephraim Hildreth; Treasurer: Lt. Fletcher; Clerk: Moses Barron; Representative: Capt. Joseph Adams. 1712. Moderator: Moses Barron; Selectmen: Moses Barron, Stephen Peirce, Sen, Capt. Adams, Leut. Richardson, Ensign Snow; Treasurer: Cornet Hill; Clerk: Moses Barron; Representative: Mr. Stephen Pierce. 1713. Moderator: Moses Barron; Selectmen: Moses Barron, Lieut. Richard- son, Sgt. Wm. Fletcher; Treasurer: Edward Foster, Sen.; Clerk: Moses Barron; Representative: Mr. Stephen Pierce. CIVIL LIST 767 1714. Moderator: Moses Barron; Selectmen: Moses Barron, Lt. Will Fletcher, Joshua Fletcher, John Wright, John Robins; Treasurer: Edward Foster, Sen.; Clerk: Moses Barron; Representative: Mr. Stephen Pierce. 1715. Moderator: Stephen Pierce, Senr. ; Selectmen: Moses Barron, Stephen Pierce, Senr., Sgt. Wm. Fletcher; Treasurer: Lt. Richardson; Clerk: Moses Barron; Representative: 1714-1715, Mr. Stephen Pierce. 1716. Moderator: Stephen Pierce, Senr.; Selectmen: John GoflFe, Capt. Adams, Stephen Pierce, Jr., Sgt. Wm. Fletcher, Moses Barron; Treasurer: Jonathan Richardson; Clerk: John Goffe; Representative: Mr. Stephen Pierce. 1717. Moderator: Capt. Barron; Selectmen: Capt. Barron, John Goffe, Capt. Adams, Ens. John Snow, Lt. Jonathan Bowers; Treasurer: Wm. Fletcher; Clerk: Moses Barron; Representative: Mr. Stephen Pierce. 1718. Moderator: Moses Barron; Selectmen: Moses Barron, Stephen Pierce, Sen., John Goffe, Lt. Jonathan Richardson, Ens. Benj. Adams; Treasurer: Wm. Fletcher; Clerk: Moses Barron; Representative: Mr. Moses Barron. 1719. Moderator: Stephen Pierce, Jun.; Selectmen: Stephen Pierce, Moses Barron, Lt. Benj. Adams, Lt. Richardson, Sgt. Wm. Fletcher, Eph. Hildreth; Treasurers: Moses Barron, Wm. Fletcher; Clerk: Benj. Adams; Representative: Mr. Moses Baron. 1720. Moderator: Stephen Pierce; Selectmen: Stephen Pierce, Sen., Lt. Benj. Adams, Ens. Wm. Fletcher, Capt. Jonathan Richardson, Capt. Jonathan Bowers; Treasurer: Wm. Fletcher; Clerk: Benj. Adams; Representative: Mr. Stephen Peirce. 1721. Moderator: Stephen Pierce; Selectmen: Lt. Benj. Adams, Edw. Spaulding, John Richardson, Wm. Fletcher, Ephr. Hildreth; Treasurer: Jonathan Richardson; Clerk: Benj. Adams; Representative: Stephen Pierce. 1722. Moderator: Benj. Adams; Selectmen: Benj. Adams, Edw. Spaulding, John Richardson, John Comings, Ephr. Hildreth; Treasurer: Josiah Fletcher; Clerk: Benj. Adams; Representative: Mr. Joseph Underwood. 1723. Moderator: Benj. Adams; Selectmen: Benj. Adams, Jonathan Rich- ardson, John Robbins, Wm. Fletcher, Joshua Fletcher; Treasurer: Josiah Fletcher; Clerk: Benj. Adams; Representatives: Joseph Underwood, Mr. Stephen Peirce. 1724. Moderator: Benj. Adams; Selectmen: Benj. Adams, John Richardson, Stephen Pierce, Jr., Saml. Chamberlin, Jonas Clark; Treasurer: Josiah Fletcher; Clerk: Benj. Adams; Representative: Mr. Stephen Peirce. 1725. Moderator: Benj. Adams; Selectmen: Benj. Adams, Sam. Chamberlin, John Richardson, Joshua Fletcher, Deacon John Comings; Treasurer: Wm. Fletcher; Clerk: Benj. Adams; Representative: Mr. Stephen Peirce. Rejected by Gen. Court for non-residence. [See page 522.] 1726. Moderator: Benj. Adams; Selectmen: Lt. Benj. Adams, Ens. Sam Chamberlin, John Richardson— to manage affairs in East Precint; Sgt. Joshua Fletcher, Ens. Joseph Keyes; Treasurer: Wm. Fletcher; Clerk: Benj. Adams; Representative: Mr. Samuel Chamberlain. 1727. Moderator: Benj. Adams; Selectmen: Lt. Benj. Adams, Lt. Wm. Fletcher, Capt. Jonas Clark, Sgt. Joshua Fletcher, Dea. John Comings; Treasurer: Saml. Barron; Clerk: Benj. Adams; Representative: Mr. Benjamin Adams. 1728. Moderator: Wm. Fletcher; Selectmen: Lt. Benj. Adams, Edw. Foster, Sgt. Sphhen Peirce, Dea. Joshua Fletcher, Saml. Chamberlin, Jr.; Treasurer: Wm. Fletcher; Clerk: Edw. Foster; Representative: Mr. Benjamin Adams. 1729. Moderator: Benj. Adams; Selectmen: Deacon Adams, Edw. Foster, Ens. Saml. Chamberlin, Dea. Joshua Fletcher, Saml. Chamberlin, Jr.; Treasurer: John Spaulding; Clerk: Benj. Adams; Representative: Mr. Benjamin Adams. 768 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD 1730. Moderator: Wm. Fletcher; Selectmen: Dea. Benj. Adams; Lt. Wm. Fletcher, Capt. Jonathan Richardson; Treasurer: John Spaulding; Clerk: Benj. Adams; Representative: Major Jonas Clark. 1731. Moderator: Benj. Adams; Selectmen: Edward Foster, Leut. Wm. Fletcher, John Richardson, Edward Spaulding, Ebenezer Parker; Treas- urer: John Spaulding; Clerk: Edw. Foster; Representative: Mr. William Fletcher. 1732. Moderator: Ens. Benj. Adams; Selectmen: Benjamin Adams, Ens. Saml. Chamberlin, Jonathan Minott, John Spaulding, Jerahmeel Bowers; Treasurer: Jonathan Barron; Clerk: Benj. Adams; Representative: Mr. William Fletcher. 1733. Moderator: Wm. Fletcher; Selectmen: Edward Foster, Col. Jonas Clark, Lieut. Wm. Fletcher, Thomas Barrett, Zachariah Richardson; Treasurer: Ebenezer Parker; Clerk: Edward Foster; Representative: Mr. John Richardson. 1734. Moderator: Benj. Adams; Selectmen: Edward Foster, Zachery Richardson, Jonathan Minott, Joseph Parker, Thomas Barrett; Treas- urer: Ebenezer Parker; Clerk: Edward Foster; Representative: Mr. John Richardson. 1735. Moderator: Wm. Fletcher; Selectmen: Wm. Fletcher, Benj. Adams, Edward Spaulding, Edward Foster, Jonathan Minott; Treasurer: Ebenezer Parker; Clerk: Edward Foster; Representative: Mr. Benjamin Adams. 1736. Moderator: Deacon Adams; Selectmen: Deacon Benj. Adams, Col. Jonas Clark, Edward Foster, Left. Joseph Parker, Jonathan Parkhurst; Treasurer: Ebenezer Parker; Clerk: Edward Foster; Representative: Mr. Jonathan Barron. 1737. Moderator: Deacon Adams; Selectmen: Deacon Benj. Adams, Col. Jonas Clark, Edward Foster, Capt. Joseph Parker, Jonathan Minott; Treasurer: Left. Ebenezer Parker; Clerk: Edward Foster; Representa- tive: Mr. Jonathan Barron. 1738. Moderator: Capt. Joseph Parker; Selectmen: Benj. Adams, Joseph Parker, Edward Foster, Benj. Chamberlain, Ephram Spaulding; Treas- urer: Benj. Goold; Clerk: Edward Foster; Representative: Mr. Benja- min Adams. 1739. Moderator: Lieut. Barron; Selectmen: Lieut. Barron, Ephraim Spaulding, Edward Spaulding, Ens. Richard Hildreth; Treasurer: Lieut. Ebenezer Parker; Clerk: Lieut. Jonathan Barron; Representative: Capt. Samuel Chamberlain. 1740. Moderator: Benj. Adams; Selectmen: Benj. Adams, Jonathan Barron, Benj. Parker, Jr., Ens. Edward Foster, Ephraim Spaulding; Treasurer: Lieut. Ebenezer Parker; Clerk: Lieut. Jonathan Barron; Representative: Jonathan Barron. 1741. Moderator: Benj. Adams; Selectmen: Benj. Adams, Ephraim Spaulding, Jonathan Spaulding, Benj. Parker, Jr., Joseph Warren; Treasurer: Ebenezer Parker; Clerk: Benj. Adams; Representative: Capt. Samuel Chamberlain. 1742. Moderator: Benj. Adams; Selectmen: Benj. Adams, Ephraim Spaulding, Jonathan Spaulding, Benj. Parker, Jr., Joseph Warren; Treasurer: Saml. Barron; Clerk: Benj. Adams; Representative: Mr. Benjamin Chamberlain. 1743. Moderator: Benj. Adams; Selectmen: Benj. Adams, Ephraim Spauld- ing, Joseph Warren, Zachariah Richardson, Daniel Proctor; Treasurer: Ebenezer Parker; Clerk: Ephraim Spaulding; Representative: Benjamin Chamberlain. 1744. Moderator; Eph. Spaulding: Selectmen: Ephraim Spaulding, Capt. Saml. Chamberlin, Lt. Wm. Blodget, Quar. Daniel Proctor, Lt. John Spaulding; Treasurer: Ebenezer Parker; Clerk: Ephraim Spaulding; Representative: Capt. Samuel Chamberlain. CIVIL LIST 769 1745 Moderator: Benj. Adams; Selectmen: Ephraim Spaulding, Cor't. Daniel Proctor, Jonathan Spaulding, Capt. Zachariah Richardson, Ens. Benj. Chamberlin; Treasurer: Capt. Ebenezer Parker; Clerk: Ephraim Spaulding; Representative: Capt. Samuel Chamberlain. 1746 Moderator: Ephraim Spaulding; Selectmen: Ephraim Spaulding; Daniel Proctor, Joseph Moor, Jonathan Spaulding, Zachariah Richardson; Treasurer: Capt. Ebenezer Parker; Clerk: Ephraim Spaulding; Repre- sentative: Capt. Samuel Chamberlain. 1747 Moderator: Ephraim Spaulding; Selectmen: Ephraim Spaulding, Daniel Proctor, Zachariah Richardson, Thomas Spaulding, Jonathan Harwood; Treasurer: Capt. Ebenezer Parker; Clerk: Ephraim Spauld- ing; Representative: Capt. Samuel Chamberlain. 1748 Moderator: Sampson Stoddard; Selectmen: Ephraim Spaulding, Daniel Proctor, John Richardson, Cor't. Henry Spaulding, Sergt. Joseph Moor; Treasurer: Jonathan Harwood; Clerk: Ephraim Spaulding; Representative: Capt. Samuel Chamberlain. 1749 Moderator: Ephraim Spaulding; Selectmen: Ephraim Spaulding, Daniel Proctor, John Richardson, Henry Spaulding, Robert Fletcher; Treasurer: Jonathan Harwood; Clerk: Ephraim Spaulding; Represent- ative: Capt. Samuel Chamberlain. 1750 Moderator: Daniel Proctor; Selectmen: Daniel Procter, Ephraim Spaulding, Thomas Spaulding, John Richardson, Robert Fletcher; Treasurer: Jonathan Harwood; Clerk: Ephraim Spaulding; Representa- tive: Mr. Daniel Proctor. 1751 Moderator: Ephraim Spaulding; Selectmen: Jonathan Harwood, Lt lohn Spaulding, Thomas Spaulding, Oliver Fletcher, Jonathan Spaulding; Treasurer: Benjamin Fletcher; Clerk: Oliver Fletcher; Representative: Capt. Ephraim Spaulding. 1752 Moderator: Oliver Fletcher; Selectmen: Oliver Fletcher, John Warren, John Richardson, Daniel Proctor, John Spaulding; Treasurer: William Foster; Clerk: Oliver Fletcher; Representative: Mr. Ephraim 1753 ^ Moderator: Ephraim Spaulding; Selectmen: Daniel Proctor, Jonathan Spaulding, Robert Fletcher, John Warren, Zachariah Richardson; Treasurer: William Foster; Clerk: Daniel Procter; Representative: Capt. Ephraim Spaulding. t^ • , r. . 1754 Moderator: Ephraim Spaulding; Selectmen: Daniel Proctor, JBeniamin Parker, Jonathan Harwood, Zachariah Richardson, Jonathan Spaulding; Treasurer: William Foster; Clerk; Daniel Proctor; Repre- sentative: Mr. Ephraim Spaulding. r» -^ 1755 Moderator: Ephraim Spaulding; Selectmen: William Foster, David Spaulding, John Warren, Samuel Stevens, Samuel Perham; Treasurer: Simeon Spaulding; Clerk: William Foster; Representative: Capt. Ephraim Spaulding. t- ^ c i 1756 Moderator: Ephraim Spaulding; Selectmen: William Foster, Samuel Perham John Warren, David Spaulding, Samuel Stevens; Treasurer: Simeon 'Spaulding; Clerk: William Foster; Representative: Capt. Ephraim Spaulding. r^ •. c u- 1757 Moderator: Ephraim Spaulding; Selectmen: David Spau ding, Daniel Proctor, Andrew Fletcher, Jonas Adams, Cornet Henry Spaulding; Treasurer: Jonathan Bates; Clerk: David Spaulding; Representative: Capt. Ephraim Spaulding. t^ •, c u- t 1758 Moderator: Oliver Fletcher; Selectmen: David Spaulding, Jonas Adams, Samuel Perham, John Warren, Robert Fletcher; Treasurer: Joseph Adams, Jr.; Clerk: David Spaulding; Representative: Oliver Fletcher, Esq. t^ . , o u- i 1759 Moderator: Oliver Fletcher; Selectmen: David Spaulding, Jonas Adams Samuel Perham, Jonathan Spaulding, Robert Hetcher; Treas- urer: Joseph Adams, Jr.; Clerk: David Spaulding; Representative: Oliver Fletcher, Esq. 760 HISTOR Y OF CHELMSFORD 1760. Moderator: Ephraim Spaulding; Selectmen: David Spaulding, Jonathan Spaulding, Simeon Spaulding, Henry Spaulding, Capt. Oliver Barron; Treasurer: John Warren; Clerk: David Spaulding; Representa- tive: Oliver Fletcher, Esq. 1761. Moderator: Ephraim Spaulding; Selectmen: William Foster, Simeon Spaulding, Oliver Barron, Joseph Warren, Aaron Chamberlin; Treasurer: Samuel Perham; Clerk: William Foster; Representative: Oliver Fletcher, Esq. 1762. Moderator: Oliver Fletcher; Selectmen: William Foster, David Spaulding, John Warren, Capt. Oliver Barron, Timothy Clark; Treasurer: Samuel Perham; Clerk: William Foster; Representative: Sampson Stoddard, Esq. 1763. Moderator: Sampson Stoddard; Selectmen: William Foster, David Spaulding, Oliver Barron, Timothy Clark, John Warren; Treasurer: Samuel Perham; Clerk: William Foster; Representative: Sampson Stoddard, Esq. 1764. Moderator: Sampson Stoddard; Selectmen: Ephraim Spaulding, Wm. Foster, Oliver Barron, Aaron Chamberlain, Timothy Clark; Treas- urer: Saml. Perham; Clerk: Ephraim Spaulding; Representative: Sampson Stoddard, Esq. 1765. Moderator: Oliver Fletcher; Selectmen: Ephraim Spaulding, Wm, Foster, Oliver Barron, Aaron Chamberlin, Timothy Clark; Treasurer: Saml. Perham; Clerk: Ephraim Spaulding; Representative: Sampson Stoddard, Esq. 1766. Moderator: Sampson Stoddard; Selectmen: Ephraim Spaulding, Oliver Barron, Aaron Chamberlin, Joseph Pierce, Jr., Joseph Adams, Jr.; Treasurer: Saml. Perham; Clerk: Ephraim Spaulding; Representative: Sampson Stoddard, Esq. 1767. Moderator: Sampson Stoddard; Selectmen: Oliver Barron, Jonathan Harwood, Joseph Warren, Jr., David Spaulding, Aaron Chamberlin; Treasurer: Saml. Perham; Clerk: David Spaulding; Representative: Sampson Stoddard, Esq. 1768. Moderator: Sampson Stoddard; Selectmen: David Spaulding, Jonathan Harwood, Joseph Warren, Jr., Saml. Howard, Saml. Stevens, Jr.; Treasurer: Saml. Perham; Clerk: David Spaulding; Representa- tive: Sampson Stoddard, Esq. 1769. Moderator: Sampson Stoddard; Selectmen: David Spaulding, Jonathan Harwood, Joseph Warren, Jr., Saml. Stevens, Jr., Samuel Howard; Treasurer: Saml. Perham; Clerk: David Spaulding; Repre- sentative: Mr. Simeon Spaulding. 1770. Moderator: Sampson Stoddard; Selectmen: Joseph Warren, Jonas Robbins, John Minott, Simeon Proctor, Zebulon Spaulding; Treasurer: David Parker; Clerk: Simeon Proctor; Representative: Mr. Simeon Spaulding. 1771. Moderator: Sampson Stoddard; Selectmen: David Spaulding, Aaron Chamberlin, Oliver Barron, Zebulon Spaulding, Samuel Stevens, Jr.; Treasurer; David Parker; Clerk: David Spaulding; Representative: Mr. Simeon Spaulding. 1772. Moderator: Sampson Stoddard ; Selectmen: David Spaulding, Oliver Barron, Joseph Warren, Zebulon Spaulding, John Minott; Treasurer: David Parker; Clerk: David Spaulding; Representative: Mr. Simeon Spaulding. 1773. Moderator: Sampson Stoddard; Selectmen: David Spaulding, Oliver Barron, Joseph Warren, John Minott, Zebulon Spaulding; Treasurer: Oliver Barron; Clerk: David Spaulding; Representative: Mr. Simeon Spaulding. 1774. Moderator: Sampson Stoddard; Selectmen: David Spaulding, Oliver Barron, Joseph Warren, John Minott, Zebulon Spaulding; Treasurer: Oliver Barron; Clerk: David Spaulding; Representatives: Mr. Simeon Spaulding, Mr. Jonathan William Austin, Mr. Samuel Perham. CIVIL LIST 761 1775. Moderator: Oliver Barron; Selectmen: David Spaulding, Oliver Barron, Joseph Warren, John Minot, Zebulon Spaulding; Treasurer: Oliver Barron; Clerk: David Spaulding; Representative: Mr. Simeon Spaulding. 1776. Moderator: Oliver Barron; Selectmen: David Spaulding, Aaron Chamberlain, Samuel Stevens, Benjamin Spaulding, Benjamin Fletcher; Treasurer: Oliver Brown; Clerk: David Spaulding; Representative: Mr. Simeon Spaulding. 1777. Moderator: Oliver Barron; Selectmen: Zebulon Spaulding, Samuel Perham, David Parker, Benjamin Fletcher, Benjamin Warren; Treasurer: Oliver Barron; Clerk: Zebulon Spaulding; Representative: Col. Simeon Spaulding. 1778. Moderator: Oliver Barron; Selectmen: Oliver Barron, Zebulon Spaulding, Samuel Stevens, Benjamin Fletcher, Benjamin Parker; Treasurer: Oliver Barron; Clerk: Oliver Barron; Representative: Col. Simeon Spaulding. 1779. Moderator: Oliver Barron; Selectmen: Oliver Barron, Zebulon Spaulding, Benjamin Parker, Samuel Stevens, Benjamin Fletcher; Treasurer: Oliver Barron; Clerk: Oliver Barron; Representative: Col. Simeon Spaulding. 1780. Moderator: Oliver Barron; Selectmen: Oliver Barron, Samuel Stevens, Daniel Proctor, Abel Adams, Benjamin Spaulding; Treasurer: Oliver Barron; Clerk: Oliver Barron; Representative: Col. Simeon Spaulding. 1781. Moderator: Oliver Barron; Selectmen: Oliver Barron, Samuel Stevens, Daniel Proctor, Abel Adams, Benjamin Spaulding; Treasurer: Oliver Barron; Clerk: Oliver Barron; Representative: Dea. Aaron Chamberlin. 1782. Moderator: Oliver Barron; Selectmen: Oliver Barron, Samuel Stevens, Daniel Proctor, Abel Adams, Benjamin Spaulding; Treasurer: Oliver Barron; Clerk: Oliver Barron; Representative: Dea. Aaron Chamberlain. 1783. Moderator: Oliver Barron; Selectmen: Oliver Barron, Samuel Stevens, Daniel Proctor; Treasurer: Oliver Barron; Clerk: Oliver Barron; Representative: Dea. Aaron Chamberlain. 1784. Moderator: Oliver Barron; Selectmen: Oliver Barron, Samuel Stevens, Daniel Proctor; Treasurer: Oliver Barron; Clerk: Oliver Barron; Representative: Mr. Aaron Chamberlain. 1785. Moderator: Oliver Barron; Selectmen: Azariah Procter, Samuel Perham, Jr., Moses Davis; Treasurer: Oliver Barron; Clerk: Azariah Procter; Representative: Mr. Aaron Chamberlin. 1786. Moderator: Oliver Barron; Selectmen: Azariah Procter, Moses Davis, Samuel Perham, Jr.; Treasurer: Samuel Perham, Jr.; Clerk: Azariah Procter; Representative: Hon. Ebenezer Bridge, Esq. 1787. Moderator: Ebenezer Bridge, Esq.; Selectmen: Azariah Procter, Moses Davis, Samuel Perham; Treasurer: Samuel Perham; Clerk: Azariah Procter; Representative: Major John Minot. 1788. Moderator: Moses Davis; Selectmen: Azariah Procter, Moses Davis, Isaac Chamberlin; Treasurer: William Fletcher; Clerk: Azariah Procter; Representative: Major John Minot. 1789. Moderator: Ebenezer Bridge, Esq.; Selectmen: Benjamin Spaulding, Benjamin Fletcher, Abel Adams; Treasurer: William Fletcher; Clerk: Benjamin Spaulding; Representative: Major John Minot. 1790. Moderator: Ebenezer Bridge, Esq.; Selectmen: Benjamin Spaulding, Benjamin Fletcher, Abel Adams; Treasurer: Oliver Barron; Clerk: Benjamin Spaulding, Representative: Major John Minot. 1791. Moderator: Abel Adams; Selectmen: Benjamin Spaulding, Benjamin Fletcher, Abel Adams; Treasurer: Oliver Barron; Clerk: Benjamin Spaulding; Representative: Major John Minot. 1792. Moderator: Samuel Pitts; Selectmen: Benjamin Spaulding, Benjamin Fletcher, Jonas Peirce; Treasurer: Oliver Barron; Clerk: Benjamin Spaulding; Representative: Major John Minot. 762 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD 1793. Moderator: Ebenezer Bridge, Esq. ; Selectmen: Benjamin Spaulding, Benjamin Fletcher, Jonas Pierce; Treasurer: Oliver Barron; Clerk: Benjamin Spaulding; No Representative chosen. 1794. Moderator: Ebenezer Bridge, Esq.; Selectmen: Benjamin Spaulding, Capt. Benjamin Fletcher, Capt. Jonas Pierce; Treasurer: Oliver Barron; Clerk: Benjamin Spaulding; Representative: Major John Minot. 1795. Moderator: Ebenezer Bridge, Esq.; Selectmen: Benj. Spaulding, Benj. Fletcher, Jonas Peirce; Treasurer: Oliver Barron; Clerk: Benj. Spaulding; Representative: Major John Minot. 1796. Moderator: Ebenezer Bridge, Esq.; Selectmen: Benj. Spaulding, Benj. Fletcher, Jonas Peirce; Treasurer: Oliver Barron; Clerk: Benj. Spaulding; Representative: Major John Minot. 1797. Moderator: Oliver Barron; Selectmen: Benj. Spaulding, Benj. Fletcher, Jonas Peirce; Treasurer: Oliver Barron; Clerk: Benj. Spauld- ing; Representative: Major John Minot. 1798. Moderator: Oliver Barron; Selectmen: Benj. Spaulding, Benj. Fletcher, Jonas Peirce; Treasurer: Oliver Barron; Clerk: Benj. Spauld- ing; Representative: Major John Minot. 1799. Moderator: Ebenezer Bridge; Selectmen: Benj. Spaulding, Benj. Fletcher, Jonas Peirce; Treasurer: Oliver Barron; Clerk: Benj. Spauld- ing; Representative: Major John Minot. 1800. Moderator: Joseph Warren; Selectmen: Benj. Spaulding, Ichabod Gibson, Joseph Warren; Treasurer: William Fletcher; Clerk: Benj. Spaulding; Representative: William Adams. 1801. Moderator: Ichabod Gibson; Selectmen: Benj. Spaulding, Ichabod Gibson, Joseph Warren; Treasurer: Oliver Barron; Clerk: Benj. Spaulding; Representative: William Adams. 1802. Moderator: Ichabod Gibson; Selectmen: Benj. Spaulding, Joseph Warren, Wm. Fletcher; Treasurer: Azariah Spaulding; Clerk: Benj. Spaulding; Representative: William Adams. 1803. Moderator: Ebenezer Bridge: Selectmen: Ichabod Gibson, Joseph Warren, Wm. Fletcher; Treasurer: Azariah Spaulding; Clerk: Ichabod Gibson; No Representative chosen. 1804. Moderator: Ebenezer Bridge; Selectmen: Ichabod Gibson, Joseph Warren, Wm. Fletcher; Treasurer: Azariah Spaulding; Clerk: Ichabod Gibson; Representative: William Adams. 1805. Moderator: Ichabod Gibson; Selectmen: Ichabod Gibson, Wm.. Fletcher, Aaron Chamberlin, Jr. ; Treasurer: Jonathan Manning; Clerk: Ichabod Gibson; Representative: William Adams. 1806. Moderator: Ichabod Gibson; Selectmen: Ichabod Gibson, Wm. Fletcher, Aaron Chamberlin, Jr.; Treasurer: Jonathan Manning; Clerk: Ichabod Gibson; Representative: William Adams. 1807. Moderator: Ichabod Gibson; Selectmen: Ichabod Gibson, Aaron Chamberlin, Jr., Moses Hale; Treasurer: Jonathan Manning; Clerk: Ichabod Gibson; Representatives: William Adams, Ichabod Gibson. 1808. Moderator: William Adams; Selectmen: Ichabod Gibson, Aaron Chamberlin, Jr., Jonathan Perham; Treasurer: Jonathan Manning; Clerk: Ichabod Gibson; Representatives: William Adams, Ichabod Gibson. 1809. Moderator: William Adams; Selectmen: Jonathan Perham, Ichabod Gibson, Amos Whitney; Treasurer: Jonathan Manning, Clerk: Jonathan Perham; Representatives: William Adams, Jonathan Perham. 1810. Moderator: William Adams; Selectmen: Jonathan Perham, Amos Whitney, Abijah Spaulding; Treasurer: Jonathan Manning; Clerk: Jonathan Perham; Representative: Jonathan Perham. 1811. Moderator: William Adams; Selectmen: Jonathan Perham, Amos Whitney, Abijah Spalding; Treasurer: Jonathan Manning; Clerk: Jonathan Perham; Representative: Jonathan Perham. 1812. Moderator: William Adams; Selectmen: Jonathan Perham, Elisha Ford, Oliver Scripture; Treasurer: Jonathan Manning; Clerk: Jonathan Perham; Representative: Amos Whitney. CIVIL LIST 763 1813. Moderator: Azabel Stearns; Selectmen: Nathaniel Howard, Samuel Stevens, Abijah Spalding; Treasurer: Azariah Spaulding; Clerk: Nathan- iel Howard; Representative: Amos Whitney. 1814. Moderator: Asabel Stearns; Selectmen: Nathaniel Howard, Samuel Stevens, Abijah Spalding; Treasurer: Azariah Spaulding; Clerk: Nathan- iel Howard; Representative: Amos Whitney. 1815. Moderator: Asabel Stearns; Selectmen: Nathaniel Howard, Samuel Stevens, Abijah Spaulding; Treasurer: Azariah Spalding; Clerk: Nathan- iel Howard; Representative: Amos Whitney. 1816. Moderator: Rufus Wyman; Selectmen: Nathaniel Howard, Joseph Bailey, Henry Spalding, 3d; Treasurer: Caleb Abbott; Clerk: Nathaniel Howard. 1817. Moderator: William Adams; Selectmen: Nathaniel Howard, Joseph Bailey, Henry Spalding, 3d; Treasurer: Caleb Abbott; Clerk: Nathaniel Howard; Representative: Samuel Stevens. 1818. Moderator: William Adams; Selectmen: Jonathan Perham, Henry Spalding, 3d, Abijah Spalding; Treasurer: Joel Adams; Clerk: Jonathan Perham. 1819. Moderator: Nathaniel Howard; Selectmen: Jonathan Perham, Joseph Bailey, Abijah Spalding; Treasurer: Joel Adams; Clerk: Jonathan Perham; Representative: No name given. 1820. Moderator: Nathaniel Howard; Selectmen: Jonathan Perham, Henry Spalding, 3d, Abijah Spaulding; Treasurers: Caleb Abbott, Joseph Warren; Clerk: Jonathan Perham; Representative: Joseph Bailey. 1821. Moderator: Nathaniel Howard; Selectmen: Jonathan Perham, Henry Spalding, 3d, Abijah Spalding; Treasurer: Joseph Warren; Clerk: Jonathan Perham; Representative: Jonathan Perham. 1822. Moderator: Nathaniel Howard: Selectmen: Jonathan Perham, Henry Spalding, 3d, Abijah Spalding; Treasurer: Joseph Warren; Clerk: Jonathan Perham; Representative: Jonathan Perham. 1823. Moderator: Nathaniel Howard; Selectmen: Caleb Abbott, Nathaniel Wright, John Shed; Treasurer: Benj. Chamberlin; Clerk: Joel Adams; No Representatives chosen. 1824. Moderator: Nathaniel Howard; Selectmen: Caleb Abbott, Nathaniel Wright, John Shed; Treasurer: Benj. Chamberlin; Clerk: Joel Adams; Representative: Jonathan Perham. 1825. Moderator: Nathaniel Howard; Selectmen: Caleb Abbott, Nathaniel Wright, John Shed, James H. B. Ayer, Alpheus Spalding; Treasurer: Benj. Chamberlin; Clerk: Joel Adams; Representative: Jonathan Perham. 1826. Moderator: Nathaniel Howard; Selectmen: Alpheus Spalding, Charles Blood, Ephraim Adams; Treasurer: Benj. Chamberlin; Clerk: Joel Adams; Representative: No name given. 1827. Moderator: Nathaniel Howard; Selectmen: Alpheus Spalding, Charles Blood, Ephraim Adams; Treasurer: Benj. Chamberlin; Clerk: Joel Adams; Representative: Joel Adams. 1828. Moderator: Nathaniel Howard; Selectmen: Alpheus Spalding, Charles Blood, Ephraim Adams; Treasurer: Benj. Chamberlin; Clerk: Joel Adams; Representative: Joel Adams. 1829. Moderator: James Pitts; Selectmen: Alpheus Spalding, Otis Adams, John Thurston Farwell; Treasurer: Benj. Chamberlin; Clerk: Joel Adams; Representative: Joel Adams. 1830. Moderator: James Pitts; Selectmen: Otis Adams, John T. Farwell, Joel B. Wright, Charles H. Barber; Treasurer: Benj. Chamberlin; Clerk: Joel Adams; Representative: Joel Adams. 1831. Moderator: Nathaniel Howard; Selectmen: Otis Adams, Samuel Burbank, Samuel Davis; Treasurer: Benj. Chamberlin; Clerk: Joel Adams; Representative: No name given. 764 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD 1832. Moderator: James Pitts; Selectmen: Otis Adams, Samuel Burbank, Samuel Davis; Treasurer: Benj. Chamberlin; Clerk: Joel Adams; Representative: Charles Bent. 1833. Moderator: Charles Blood ; Selectmen: Otis Adams, Samuel Burbank, Jona. M. Read; Treasurer: Benj. Chamberlin; Clerk: Joel Adams; Representative: Charles Bent. 1834. Moderator: Otis Adams; Selectmen: Otis Adams, Samuel Burbank, Isaiah Spaulding; Treasurer: Benj. Chamberhn; Clerk: Joel Adams; Representative: Charles Bent. 1835. Moderator: Otis Adams; Selectmen: Eli T. Webster, George Worces- ter, Francis Richardson; Treasurer: Abel Hunt; Clerk: Joel Adams; Representative: Alpheus Spaulding. 1836. Moderator: James Pitts; Selectmen: Alpheus Spalding, Benjamin Chamberlin, Edmund Swett; Treasurer: Abel Hunt; Clerk: Eli F. Webster; Representative: Alpheus Spaulding. 1837. Moderator: James Pitts; Selectmen: Alpheus Spalding, Sherebiah Spaulding, Benjamin Adams; Treasurer: Owen Emerson; Clerk: Eli F. Webster; Representative: Alpheus Spaulding. 1838. Moderator: Otis Adams; Selectmen: Alpheus Spalding, Sherebiah Spaulding, Benjamin Adams; Treasurer: Abel Hunt; Clerk: Eli F. Webster; Representative: Sherebiah Spaulding. 1839. Moderator: James Pitts; Selectmen: Otis Adams, E. F. Webster, Jephthah Parker; Treasurer: Abel Hunt; Clerk: Eli F. Webster; Repre- sentatives: Amos Carlton, Sherebiah Spaulding. 1840. Moderator: James Pitts; Selectmen: E. F. Webster, Jephthah Parker, Otis Adams; Treasurer: Owen Emerson; Clerk: Eli F. Webster; Repre- sentative: No name given. 1841. Moderator: J. M. Reed; Selectmen: E. F. Webster, Amos Carlton, Dean Holt; Treasurer: Samuel P. Hadley; Clerk: Eli F. Webster; Representative: Amos Carlton. 1842. Moderator: Amos Carlton; Selectmen: E. F. Webster, Amos Carlton, Dean Holt; Treasurer: Joseph Manning; Clerk: Eli F. Webster; Repre- sentative: Amos Carlton. 1843. Moderator: Alpheus Spalding: Selectmen: E. F. Webster, Amos Carlton, Dean Holt; Treasurer: Joseph Manning; Clerk: Eli F. Webster; Representative: Paul Kittredge. 1844. Moderator: Joseph Manning; Selectmen: Charles Blood, Elijah Richardson, Jr., David Perham; Treasurer: Joseph Manning; Clerk: Eli F. Webster; Representative: Paul Kittredge. 1845. Moderator: Otis Adams; Selectmen: Jephthah Parker, E. F. Webster, Elbridge G. Reed; Treasurer: Joseph Manning; Clerk: Eli F. Webster; Representative: No name given. 1846. Moderator: Jephthah Parker; Selectmen: E. F. Webster, E. G. Reed, Owen Emerson; Treasurer: Joseph Manning; Clerk: Eli F. Webster; Representative: No name given. 1847. Moderator: Otis Adams; Selectmen: Jephthah Parker, Sewell Park- hurst, Joseph Reed; Treasurer: Joseph Manning; Clerk: Eli F. Webster; Representative: No name given. 1848. Moderator: Otis Adams; Selectmen: Otis Adams, Joseph Reed, Elisha Shaw; Treasurer: Joseph Manning; Clerk: Eli F. Webster; Representative: Harvey Silver. 1849. Moderator: Otis Adams; Selectmen: Otis Adams, Joseph Reed, Elisha Shaw; Treasurer: Joseph Manning; Clerk: Eli F. Webster; Representative: Harvey Silver. 1850. Moderator: Charles T. Bird; Selectmen: Samuel P. Hadley, Christo- pher Roby, E. F. Webster; Treasurer: Joseph Manning; Clerk: Eli F. Webster; Representative: Eli P. Parker. 1851. Moderator: Otis Adams; Selectmen: E. F. Webster, Ziba Gay, Jr., Samuel P. Hadley; Treasurer: Joseph Manning; Clerk: Eli F. Webster; Representative: Jabez Stevens, CIVIL LIST 765 1852. Moderator: H. W. B. Wight man; Selectmen: N. B. Edwards, Christo- pher Roby, Sewall Parkhurst; Treasurer: Joseph Manning; Clerk: Eli F. Webster; Representative: Joseph Reed. 1853. Moderator: H. W. B. Wightman; Selectmen: N. B. Edwards, Jabez Stevens, Henry B. Proctor; Treasurer: Joseph Manning; Clerk: Eil F. Webster; Representative: No name given. 1854. Moderator: H. W. B. Wightman; Selectmen: N. B. Edwards, Jabez Stevens, David Perham; Treasurer: Joseph Manning; Clerk: Eli F. Webster; Representative: No name given. 1855. Moderator: Charles T. Bird; Selectmen: E. H. Warren, J. J. Hoyt, William Fletcher; Treasurer: Joseph Manning; Clerk: Eli F. Webster; Representative: Edwin Josselyn. 1856. Moderator: H. W. B. Wightman; Selectmen: William Fletcher, Edwin H. Warren, J. J. Hoyt; Treasurer: Joseph Manning; Clerk: Eli F. Webster; Representative: Joseph Manning. 1857. Moderator: Otis Adams; Selectmen: Otis Adams, Loammi Chamber- lain, Joseph W. Smith; Treasurer: Joseph Manning; Clerk: Eli F. Webster; Representative: David Perham. 1858. Moderator: Otis Adams; Selectmen: Otis Adams, Loammi Chamber- lain, Joseph W. Smith; Treasurer: Joseph Manning; Clerk: Eli F. Webster; Representative: Henry Richardson, Dracut, 25th District. 1859. Moderator: Otis Adams; Selectmen: S. P. Perham, Alonzo A. Davis, Otis Adams; Treasurer: Joseph Manning; Clerk: Eli F. Webster; Representative: Nathan B. Edwards, Chelmsford. 1860. Moderator: H. W. B. Wightman; Selectmen: Christopher Roby, H. B. Proctor, E. H. Warren; Treasurer: Joseph Manning; Clerk: Eli F. Webster; Representative: Josiah Ames, Jr., Dracut. 1861. Moderator: J. R. Fletcher; Selectmen: J. R. Fletcher, Christopher Roby, Elisha Shaw; Treasurer: Joseph Manning; Clerk: Eli F. Webster; Representative: H. W. B. Wightman, Chelmsford. 1862. Moderator: J. R. Fletcher; Selectmen: J. R. Fletcher, Elisha Shaw, Edward F. Dupee; Treasurer: Joseph Manning; Clerk: E. F. Webster; Representative: Cyrus Butterfield, Tyngsborough. 1863. Moderator: E. K. Parkhurst; Selectmen: Elisha Shaw, E. F. Dupee, Joseph Reed; Treasurer: Joseph Manning; Clerk: E. F. Webster; Representative: Atkinson C. Varnum, Dracut. 1864. Moderator: Otis Adams; Selectmen: Joseph Reed, E. F. Dupee, N. B. Edwards; Treasurer: Joseph Manning; Clerk: E. F. Webster; Representative: Solomon E. Byam, Chelmsford. 1865. Moderator: George A. Parkhurst; Selectmen: Joseph Reed, Edmund F. Dupee, N. B. Edwards; Treasurer: Joseph Manning; Clerk: E. F. Webster; Representative: Levi F. Jones, Dracut. 1866. Moderator: George A. Parkhurst; Selectmen: Joseph Reed, Elisha Shaw, A. A. Davis; Treasurer: Joseph Manning; Clerk: E. F. Webster; Representative: Christopher Roby, Chelmsford. 1867. Moderator: George A. Parkhurst; Selectmen: Joseph Reed, Elisha Shaw, Samuel P. Perham; Treasurer: Joseph Manning; Clerk: E. F. Webster; Representative: Richard Tolman, Tewksbury. 1868. Moderator: Jonathan J. Hoyt; Selectmen: Samuel P. Perham, Edmund F. Dupee, Samuel T. Wright; Treasurer: Edwin H. Warren; Clerk: John W. Blodgett; Representative: Dudley Foster, Bill erica. 1869. Moderator: E. K. Parkhurst; Selectmen: E. F. Dupee, S. P. Perham, S. T. Wright; Treasurer: Edwin H. Warren; Clerk: E. F. Webster; Representative: William Fletcher, Chelmsford. 1870. Moderator: E. K. Parkhurst; Selectmen: E. F. Dupee, S.'.P. Perham, S. T. Wright; Treasurer: Edwin H. Warren; Clerk: George A. Park- hurst; Representative: Sylvester S. Hill, Billerica. 1871. Moderator: J. J. Hoyt; Selectmen: E. F. Dupee, S. P. Perham, S. T. Wright; Treasurer: Edwin H. Warren; Clerk: George A. Parkhurst; Representative: Edwin K. Parkhurst, Chelmsford. 766 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD 1872. Moderator: J. J. Hoyt; Selectmen: E. F. Dupee, S. P. Perham, Samuel T. Wright; Treasurer: Edwin H. Warren; Clerk: George A. Parkhurst; Representative: Alvin Marshall, Tewksbury. 1873. Moderator: J. J. Hoyt; Selectmen: E. F. Dupee, Samuel T. Wright, J. Bradford Emerson; Treasurer: Edwin H. Warren; Clerk: George A. Parkhurst; Representative: George H. Whitman, Billerica. 1874. Moderator: J. J. Hoyt; Selectmen: Ziba Gay, J. J. Hoyt, J. B. Emerson; Treasurer: Edwin H. Warren; Clerk: George A. Parkhurst; Representative: Ziba Gay, Chelmsford. 1875. Moderator: J. J. Hoyt; Selectmen: J. B. Emerson, Ziba Gay, J. J. Hoyt; Treasurer: E. H. Warren; Clerk: George A. Parkhurst; Repre- sentative: Albert J. Trull, Tewksbury. 1876. Moderator: J. R. Fletcher; Selectmen: J. B. Emerson, Ziba Gay, J. J. Hoyt; Treasurer: E. H. Warren; Clerk: George A. Parkhurst; Representative: John Knowles, Billerica. 1877. Moderator: J. J. Hoyt; Selectmen: J. B. Emerson, J. J. Hoyt, Ziba Gay, Eldad P. Bean, William Manning; Treasurer: E. H. Warren; Clerk: George A. Parkhurst; Representative: Luther H. Sargent, Chelmsford, 19th District. 1878. Moderator: J. J. Hoyt; Selectmen: J. B. Emerson, Ziba Gay, J. J. Hoyt, E. P. Bean, William Manning; Treasurer: E. H. Warren; Clerk: George A. Parkhurst; Representative: William Manning, Chelmsford. 1879. Moderator: J. J. Hoyt; Selectmen: J. B. Emerson, J. J. Hoyt, William Manning, George A. Byam, Charles W. Flint; Treasurer: E. H. Warren; Clerk: George A. Parkhurst; Representative: John W. Peabody, Dracut. 1880. Moderator: Edwin H. Warren; Selectmen: Charles W. Flint, S. W. Parkhurst, B. J. Spaulding, Arthur H. Sheldon, J. B. Emerson; Treasurer: E. H. Warren; Clerk: George A. Parkhurst; Representative: John W. Peabody, Dracut. 1881. Moderator: Edwin H. Warren; Selectmen: John N. Perry, George A. Byam, R. Wilson Dix, Charles W. Flint, John N. Park; Treasurer: E. H. Warren; Clerk: George A. Parkhurst; Representative: Enoch Foster, Tewksbury. 1882. Moderator: Elisha H. Shaw; Selectmen: George A. Byam, Charles W. Flint, R. Wilson Dix, John N. Park, John N. Perry; Treasurer: E. H. Warren; Clerk: George A. Parkhurst; Representative: Enoch Foster, Tewksbury. 1883. Moderator: Elisha H. Shaw; Selectmen: George A. Byam, Charles W. Flint, John N. Perry, R. Wilson Dix, John Q. Battles; Treasurer: E. H. Warren; Clerk: George A. Parkhurst; Representative: Jesse B. Butterfield, Tyngsborough. 1884. Moderator: Elisha H. Shaw; Selectmen: George A. Byam, Charles W Flint, R. Wilson Dix, John Q. Battles, John N. Perry; Treasurer: Edwin H. Warren; Clerk: George A. Parkhurst; Representative: EHsha H. Shaw, Chelmsford, 19th District. 1885. Moderator: J. Adams Bartlett; Selectmen: Henry S. Perham, Charles W. Flint, John Q. Battles, R. Wilson Dix, George F. Snow; Treasurer: Edwin H. Warren; Clerk: George A. Parkhurst; Representative: Perley P. Perham, Chelmsford. 1886. Moderator: J. Adams Bartlett; Selectmen: Henry S. Perham, Charles W. Flint, John Q. Battles, R. Wilson Dix, George F. Snow; Treasurer: Edwin H. Warren; Clerk: George A. Parkhurst; Repre- sentative: Perley P. Perham, Chelmsford. 1887. Moderator: J. Adams Bartlett; Selectmen: Lewis K. Howard, Charles W. Flint, R. Wilson Dix, George F. Snow, John Q. Battles; Treasurer: Edwin H. Warren; Clerk: George A. Parkhurst; Representative: George W. Trull, Tewksbury, 20th District. 1888. Moderator: J. Adams Bartlett; Selectmen: Lewis K. Howard, Charles W. Flint, R. Wilson Dix, John Q. Battles, George F. Snow; Treasurer: Edwin H. Warren; Clerk: George A. Parkhurst; Represent- ative: George W. Trull, Tewksbury. CIVIL LIST 767 1889. Moderator: J. Adams Bartlett; Selectmen: Lewis K. Howard, Charles VV. Flint, John Q. Battles, R. Wilson Dix, George F. Snow; Treasurer: Edwin H. Warren; Clerk: George A. Parkhurst; Represent- ative: Edward M. Nichols, Wilmington. 1890. Moderator: J. Adams Bartlett; Selectmen: Eben T. Adams, Charles W. Flint, George F. Snow, John Q. Battles, R. Wilson Dix; Treasurer: Edwin H. Warren; Clerk: George A. Parkhurst ; Representative: Charles W. Flint, Chelmsford. 1891. Moderator: J. Adams Bartlett; Selectmen: Eben T. Adams, George F. Snow, Martin Robbins, Elisha H. Shaw, Newell E. Parker; Treasurer: Edwin H. Warren; Clerk: George A. Parkhurst ; Representative: Charles W. Flint, Chelmsford. 1892. Moderator J. Adams Bartlett; Selectmen: Eben T. Adams, George F. Snow, Martin Robbins, Elisha H. Shaw, Newell E. Parker; Treasurer: Edwin H. Warren; Clerk: George A. Parkhurst; Representative: Charles H. Kohlrausch, Jr., Billerica. 1893. Moderator: J. Adams Bartlett; Selectmen: Eben T. Adams, George F. Snow, Martin Robbins, Newell E. Parker, Arthur H. Sheldon; Treas- urer: Edwin H. Warren; Clerk: George A. Parkhurst; Representative: Charles H. Kohlrausch, Jr., Billerica. 1894. Moderator: J. Adams Bartlett; Selectmen: Eben T. Adams, George F. Snow, Martin Robbins, Newell E. Parker, Arthur H. Sheldon; Treas- urer: Ervin W. Sweetser; Clerk: George A. Parkhurst; Representative: Solon O. Holt, North Reading. 1895. Moderator: J. Adams Bartlett; Selectmen: Joseph E. Warren, Arthur H. Sheldon, Newell E. Parker, Joseph A. Parkhurst, William H. Shedd; Treasurer: Ervin W. Sweetser; Clerk: George A. Parkhurst; Representative: George F. Snow, Chelmsford. 1896. Moderator: J. Adams Bartlett; Selectmen: Joseph E. Warren, Arthur H. Sheldon, Newell E. Parker, Joseph A. Parkhurst, William H. Shedd; Treasurer: Ervin W. Sweetser; Clerk: George A. Parkhurst; Representative: Charles E. Hosmer, Billerica. 1897. Moderator: J. Adams Bartlett; Selectmen: Joseph E. Warren, Arthur H. Sheldon, Joseph A. Parkhurst, William H. Shedd, Walter R. Winning; Treasurer: Ervin W. Sweetser; Clerk: George A. Parkhurst; Representative: William H. I. Hayes, Lowell, 25th District. 1898. Moderator: J. Adams Bartlett; Selectmen: Joseph E. Warren, Arthur H. Sheldon, Joseph A. Parkhurst, William H. Shedd, Walter R. Winning; Treasurer: Ervin W. Sweetser; Clerk: George A. Parkhurst; Repre- sentatives: William H. L Hayes, Lowell, William A. Lang, Lowell, James P. Ramsay, Lowell. 1899. Moderator: J. Adams Bartlett; Selectmen: Joseph E. Warren, Arthur H. Sheldon, Joseph A. Parkhurst, William H. Shedd, Walter R. Winning; Treasurer: Ervin W. Sweetser; Clerk: George A. Parkhurst; Representatives: William H. L Hayes, Lowell, William J. Quigley, Chelmsford, Walter S. Watson, Lowell. 1900. Moderator: Walter Perham; Selectmen: Joseph E. Warren, Patrick T. McMahon, Fred L. Fletcher, R. Wilson Dix, Walter R. Winning; Treasurer: Ervin W. Sweetser; Clerk: George A. Parkhurst; Repre- sentatives: James H. McKinley, Lowell, Martin Robbins, Chelmsford, Walter S. Watson, Lowell. 1901. Moderator: J. Adams Bartlett; Selectmen: Joseph E. Warren, Patrick T. McMahon, Fred L. Fletcher, R. Wilson Dix, A. Heady Park; Treasurer: Ervin W. Sweetser; Clerk: George A. Parkhurst; Repre- sentative: Eben T. Adams, Chelmsford; De.xter Butterfield, Dunstable, James H. McKinley, Lowell. 1902. Moderator: J. Adams Bartlett; Selectmen: Joseph E. Warren, Patrick T. McMahon, Fred L. Fletcher, R. Wilson Dix, A. Heady Park; Treasurer: Ervin W. Sweetser; Clerk: George A. Parkhurst; Represent- atives: Eben T. Adams, Chelmsford, William H. L Hayes, Lowell, Caleb L. Smith, Lowell. 768 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD 1903. Moderator: J. Adams Bartlett; Selectmen: R. Wilson Dix, John J. Dunn, A. Heady Park, Walter Perham, E. Herman Shaw; Treasurer: Ervin W. Sweetser; Clerk: George A. Parkhurst; Representatives: William H. I. Hayes, Lowell, Royal S. Ripley, Chelmsford, Caleb L. Smith, Lowell. 1904. Moderator: J. Adams Bartlett; Selectmen: R. Wilson Dix, James P. Dunigan, John J. Dunn, A. Heady Park, Walter Perham; Treasurer: Ervin W. Sweetser; Clerk: Edward J. Robbins; Representatives: William H. L Hayes, Lowell, Horton H. Hilton, Lowell, John J. McManmon, Lowell. 1905. Moderator: J. Adams Bartlett; Selectmen: R. Wilson Dix, James P. Dunigan, John J. Dunn, A. Heady Park, Walter Perham; Treasurer: Ervin W. Sweetser; Clerk: Edward J. Robbins; Representatives: Rolfe Bradbury, Lowell, William H. L Hayes, Lowell, Horton H. Hilton. Lowell. 1906. Moderator: J. Adams Bartlett; Selectmen: Eben T. Adams, R. Wilson Dix, James P. Dunigan, John J. Dunn, "Wilbur E. Lapham; Treasurer: Ervin W. Sweetser; Clerk: Edward J. Robbins; Representa- tives: Albert F. Greene, Lowell, William H. L Hayes, Lowell, John J. McManmon, Lowell. 1907. Moderator: J. Adams Bartlett; Selectmen: Eben T. Adams, R. Wilson Dix, John J. Dunn, James P. Dunigan, Wilbur E. Lapham; Treasurer: Ervin W. Sweetser; Clerk: Edward J. Robbins; Representa- tives: Edwin C. Perham, Chelmsford, 11th District. 1908. Moderator: J. Adams Bartlett; Selectmen: Eben T. Adams, Charles F. Devine, John J. Dunn, Wilbur E. Lapham, David F. Small; Treasurer: Ervin W. Sweetser; Clerk: Edward J. Robbins; Representative: Edwin C. Perham, Chelmsford. 1909. Moderator: J. Adams Bartlett; Selectmen: Eben T. Adams, Charles F. Devine, John J. Dunn, Wilbur E. Lapham, David F. Small; Treasurer: Ervin W. Sweetser; Clerk: Edward J. Robbins; Representative: Elisha D. Stone, Ayer. 1910. Moderator: J. Adams Bartlett; Selectmen: Eben T. Adams, Charles F. Devine, John J. Dunn, Wilbur E. Lapham, David F. Small; Treasurer: Ervin W. Sweetser; Clerk: Edward J. Robbins; Representative: Elisha D. Stone, Ayer. 1911. Moderator: J. Adams Bartlett; Selectmen: Eben T. Adams, Charles F. Devine, John J. Dunn, Charles Lyons, D. Frank Small; Treasurer: Ervin W. Sweetser; Clerk: Edward J. Robbins; Representative: Edward Fisher, Westford. 1912. Moderator: J. Adams Bartlett; Selectmen: D. Frank Small, Walter B. Emerson, Charles Lyons; Treasurer: Ervin W. Sweetser; Clerk: Edward J. Robbins; Representative: Edward Fisher, Westford. 1913. Moderator: J. Adams Bartlett; Selectmen: D. Frank Small, Walter B. Emerson, A. Heady Park; Treasurer: Ervin W. Sweetser; Clerk: Edward J. Robbins; Representative: Samuel L. Taylor, Westford. 1914. Moderator: J. Adams Bartlett; Selectmen: D. Frank Small, A. Heady Park, Karl M. Perham; Treasurer: Ervin W. Sweetser; Clerk: Edward J. Robbins; Representative: Charles A. Kimball, Littleton. 1915. Moderator: J. Adams Bartlett; Selectmen: D. Frank Small, Karl M. Perham, A. Heady Park; Treasurer: Ervin W. Sweetser; Clerk: Edward J. Robbins; Representative: Edgar R. Hall, Acton. District No. 11, Acton, Ayer, Carlisle, Chelmsford, Littleton and Westford. 1916. Moderator: Walter Perham. Selectmen: D. Frank Small, Karl M. Perham, A. Heady Park; Treasurer: Ervin W. Sweetser; Clerk: Edward J. Robbins; Representative: Edgar R. Hall. CHAPTER XIX. EARLY MINISTERS. PHYSICIANS AND LAWYERS. THE REV. JOHN FISKE. ^OR an account of the Rev. John Fiske, see pp. 9, 15ff. and 65. F He lived first at Cambridge, then Salem, and was ordained at Wenham, Oct. 8, 1644. His wife, Anne, died Feb. 14, 1671, (see page 18), and he married, Aug. 1, 1672, Elizabeth, widow of Edmund Hinchman. Of his children, John married Lidiah Fletcher, March 27, 1666, and died Aug. 29, 1687. Moses grad- uated at Harvard in 1662, and was ordained as Minister of Braintree. Allen says: To the many trials and afflictions that had exercised Mr. Fiske, a new and unexperienced calamity was added by the death of his wife. Endeared by 43 years' experience of mutual care and toil, companions through a great sight of afflictions, and knit together by the strongest ties of vital piety, the separation was painful, and inflicted a deep wound in the heart of the survivor; though not above the power of religion to heal. She, by her incomparable expertness in the scriptures, had rendered any other concordance of the Bible in his library useless. Some years before her death she lost her sight. Under this disaster she exhibited a most exemplary patience by her view of the things which are not seen and are eternal. "After many admonitions to her friends to improve their sight well whilst they had it; on the 14th Feb., 1671, she had her eyes opened by their being closed, and was by death carried from faith to immediate and everlasting sight." Divine Providence had just before removed Mr. Edmund Hinchman (died 1669), the countryman and tried friend of Mr. Fiske, who had followed him from England to America, and for many years had resided in Chelmsford, and Mr. Fiske, to cheer the remaining years of his earthly pilgrimage, took his widow, Elizabeth Hinchman for his companion in 1672. But this con- nection was short. The time approached that he must die. "The stone and the gout, which at last were followed by convulsions, — brought his laborious life to an end." Before his death he "after this manner blessed his four children, two sons and two daughters: You are as a shock of com bound up, or as twins made beautiful by the covenant of grace. You have an interest in the sure mercies of David. These you have to live upon. Study to emulate one another but in the best — in the best. Provoke one another to love. The God of your fathers bless you all — " 770 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Mather in his Magnalia begins his account of Fiske with a Greek quotation which, translated, means that a physician is of more worth than many ordinary men; and he closes with these words: "We will now leave him uttering the words of Weinrichius in his epitaph, Vixi et quem dederas cursum mihi Christe peregi, pertaesus vitae, suaviter opto mori." I have lived and finished the work which thou, O Christ, didst give me: Weary of life, I long to depart in peace. His descendants for four generations were eminent for their piety and virtue. The following shows the connection of the Fiske with the Bridge and other families: ^Symond Fiske, lord of the Manor, Stradhaugh, died 146-3, ^William, 'Simon, ^Simon, ^Robert, (born about 1525), 'Jaffrey, ^David, *David, *David, ^"Ebenezer, "Benjamin Fiske married Elizabeth Bridge, '^John Minot Fiske married Eliza M. Winn, ''Benj. Minot Fiske married Elizabeth A. Parkhurst, daughter of Rev. John who married Celia Burrows. ^William, brother to Jaffrey Fiske, ^John, 'Rev. John Fiske married Ann Gibbs; 2nd Elizabeth, widow of Edward Hinchman. Elizabeth Bridge who married "Benjamin Fiske, was the daughter of William, son of the Rev. Ebenezer Bridge. Her mother was Rachel, daughter of Capt. John Minott. THE REV. THOMAS CLARKE. ^John Clarke of Cambridge as early as 1635, removed to Hartford. ^Nicholas of Cambridge also removed to Hartford. 'Jonas married 1st Sarah , buried Feb. 20, 1649; 2d Elizabeth Clark, July 30, 1650; she died March 21, 1672, 3rd, Elizabeth Cook, Aug. 19, 1673. The latter survived him and became the wife of Deacon Walter Hastings. He had seventeen children by his three wives, and died Jan. 14, 1699. ^Thomas, born March 2, 1652-3, was the son of his second wife. The Rev. Thomas Clarke, M. A., says Sibley, was bom March 2, 1652-3, probably on the southerly side of South street, near its junction with Holyoke street, in Cambridge. He was the son of the Ruling Elder Jonas Clarke of that place by his second wife, Elizabeth. He graduated at Harvard in 1670. He came to Chelmsford to assist Mr. Fiske in his work in 1675. When Mr. Fiske died, he became pastor and was probably ordained in March or April after the Articles of Agreement had been signed. (See pages 65-71.) His house having been built, he took posses- sion. His first wife, Mary, was the mother of all his children, except the last two. She died Dec. 2, 1700, aged 53. They were : Lucy, born ; married Major William Tyng, Sept. 29, 1700; died April 25, 1708. Elizabeth, born ; married the Rev. JohnHancock, Nov. 11, 1700. Jonas, born Dec. 2, 1684; (Court Record, Dec. 22d,) died April 28, 1770. Margaret, born Oct. 28, 1687. Thomas, born Sept. 28, 1694. Timothy, born April 29, 1702. Abigail, born Jan. 28, 1705. Elizabeth Clarke Hancock, Grandmother of Governor John Hancock, signer of the Declaration of Independence. She was the second daughter of the Rev. Thomas Clarke of Chelmsford (see page 770) whose wife, Mary, was the daughter of the Rev. Edward Bulkley of Concord whose death is recorded in Chelmsford. Shattuck in his History of Concord says that the Rev. Edward Bulkley died "probably" at the house of his grandson Edward Emerson ; but it may have been at that of his daughter, Mrs. Thomas Clarke. The Rev. Thomas Clarke made a voyage to England, probably with the Hon. Peter Bulkley, in 1676, returning the next year. Elizabeth Clarke married the Rev. John Hancock of Lexington ; and died Feb. 13, 1760. Their son John was born June 1, 1702. He married Mary . Their son John became the first Governor of the State of Massachusetts. This picture is taken from the portrait in oil which hangs in the Hancock-Clarke house in Lexington. EARLY MINISTERS. PHYSICIANS AND LAWYERS 771 On page 70, reference is made to Mr. Clarke's part in settling the affairs of the Brattle Street church. Those associated with him in this matter were Lieut. Gov. Stoughton, Rev.Wm. Brattle of Cambridge and Mr. Danforth of Dorchester. What follows will explain the situation. "As is usual in all cases of contest and separation, the Puritan Non-conformists, in leaving the Church of England, swung far to the other extreme, and in matters insignificant, as well as in those of moment, aimed to mark their separation by as wide a difference as possible. In the English Church service the Scriptures were largely read. Nearly all the Psalms were repeated once a month, and lessons from the Old and New Testament marked out for every Sunday in the year. The Puritans would have none of this. They discarded altogether the reading of the Scriptures in public worship. These Scriptures could be read by each individual at home, in such portions as his taste, judgment, or spiritual wants might dictate. In the English Church service, also, there were various, and, as they thought, unnecessarily multiplied prayers, together with the frequent repetition of the Lord's Prayer, and, interspersed with these, a large amount of singing and chanting. The Puritans disliked all this ; they would have their mode of worship as distinct as possible. They would not use the Lord's Prayer at all in public worship, and to do so soon came in their judgment to savor of prelacy. They would have but one prayer and one singing The sermon was the prominent point with the Puritans in the religious services of the Lord's day." [Hist. Brattle St. Ch. by the Pastor, Samuel Kirkland Lothrop.] Quincy says that the Brattle Street church was the first-fruits of that religious liberty which the Charter of William and Mary introduced into Massachusetts. Its members differed as to modes of order and discipline from the "stricter sect," at the head of which were the Mathers. In these things the Brattle Street church made a new departure by reading the Scriptures and repeating the Lord's Prayer. Also they did not require any public relation of religious experience. They allowed women to vote with men in parish affairs, whether communicants or not, and they would baptize any child offered by any professed Christian engaging to see it educated in the Christian religion. This church was called the "Manifesto Church" on account of the statement regarding these things put forth in 1699. Mr. Clarke was one of those who smoothed matters out between Brattle Street and the other Congregational churches. But the Brattle Street church did not accept the organ which Mr. Thomas Brattle, the rich merchant of Boston, wished to give them. In his will (1713) he says: "I give, dedicate and devote my organ to the praise and glory of God in ye sd Brattle Street church, if they shall accept thereof, and within a year of my decease procure a sober person that can play skilfully thereon 772 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD with a loud noise," etc.; and so it went, as provided in the will, to the Church of England. (King's Chapel.) It afterwards went to St. John's, Portsmouth, where it is at the present time. This is said to have been the first organ in America. Of Mr. Clarke, Allen says: However commendable the attempt to snatch from oblivion a worthy character, and transmit to posterity the knowledge of those virtues, which once rendered their possessor the delight and ornament of his day, we dare not cherish the hope of being able to bring back from the long lapse of time the characteristic features of the subject of this memoir. We have neither church records, manuscript sermons, contemporary notices, nor any other materials, from which anything, but a bare momento can be erected, excepting the following notice in the 9th vol. of the Hist. Coll. of Mass. page 195 : Dorchester, 1704, Dec. 10. The death of the Rev. Thomas Clark of Chelmsford was lamented in a Sermon from Acts 20-25 &c. "A great loss to all our towns, and especially to the frontier towns on that side of the country, who are greatly weakened with the loss of such a man." He received the unanimous suffrage of the inhabitants of Chelmsford to become their minister. We might perhaps from this circumstance infer his acceptableness as a man and minister to this people. He lived in a period distinguished by no remarkable changes in the political or pecuniary circumstances of the country. This with the consideration that his original salary was a more ample support than either his predecessor or successors have enjoyed, accounts for the singular fact, that he never requested but one favor of the Town during his ministry. This was a piece of land of about 10 acres, lying on Beaver brook. None of his writings have been preserved. Almost the only monument of his past existence that has survived the ravages of time is his tombstone. He died of a fever; was taken suddenly December 1st, after attending a funeral; died the 7th, and was buried the 11th, 1704, aged 52. His place of residence was that now (1820) in the possession of Mrs. Grace Fletcher, widow of the late Oliver Fletcher, Esq. [Allen.] The selectmen chose Capt. Thomas Hinchman, Ser. Josiah Richardson, and Mr. John Fiske with Mr. Thomas Clarke a committee to build the house for Mr. Clarke. "25 the 4 mo. [June] 1678 the Selectt men att their meetting mad a ratte And dill [delivered] to the Constable Battes to gather in money for the payment of Corsers land for mr Clarke . . £6G :17 :5. After his death, the Town voted "that Mistress Clarke shall have the remaining part of Mister Clarke's salary for the whole year," and in 1706 purchased a good cow to the value of £3 and presented it to Mistress Clarke. EA RL Y MINISTERS, PII YSICIA NS A ND LA W VERS 773 Edward Emerson of Charlestown, administered the estate of Mr. Clarke, and sold to Col. Jonathan Tyng of Dunstable for £155 current money, the dwelling house, out housing and land, eighteen acres, bounded north by the highway; southeast by the land of Jacob Parker; southwest by the land of John Blanchard; northeast by Beaver brook; also twelve acres and other lots of land, March 15, 1705-6. [Note by H. S. P.] Colonel Jonathan Tyng was the father of Major William, who married Mr. Clarke's daughter Lucy. THE REV. SAMSON STODDARD. 1. Anthony Stoddard came from England and was a citizen of Boston in 1639, a linen-draper. Sewall calls him the "Antientist shop-keeper in town." One of his four wives was Mary Downing, sister of Sir George, afterwards Lord George Downing. Farmer says his first wife was a daughter of Emanual Downing. He was a member of the Artillery Company and served as Representative twenty-three years. 2. His son, Samson Stoddard, born Dec. 3, 1645, married Susanna of Boston. 3. Their son, Samson, was born about 1681, at Boston. Died at Chelms- ford, Aug. 23, 1740. The other children were Anthony, Martha and Chris- tian. Samson was the youngest. He graduated at Harvard in 1701, and married, 1st, Elizabeth Davis of Boston, Feb. 20, 1707; 2nd, on Feb, 2, 1726, Mrs. Margaret Harkerson or Halkerston of Boston. She died at Lancaster, March 27, 1789, aged 79, and was buried in Chelmsford. June 26, 1706, he was called to be minister of the church in Chelmsford. In Town Meeting the vote was in concurrence with that of the church. He was to receive £100 settlement, and £70 a year. He was ordained July 25, 1706. The Town agreed to give him £4 a year for wood, valued at 2s. 25d. a cord. In 1715, his salary was raised to £90. Three years later, to £100, on account of the depreciation of currency. In 1735, it was £137. The author of the "Stoddard Family" says: In 1738 his health failed, and the parish voted to continue his salary and supply the pulpit beside. During this period of ill health, he was greatly dejected in spirits. His last public discourse was from the text I Cor. ix, 27, and in this, as in some before, he discovered to his people that his mind as well as his body was diseased. Allen says: His health was naturally delicate, and his habits sedentary. His constitutional temperament strongly inclined him to a recluse life, and a depression of spirit. But the imperious calls of parochial duty and ministerial intercourse corrected in some degree the infelicities of nature and habit, and suppressed a while the rising tide that at last overwhelmed him. A necessary expenditure in his family, which his resources could not meet, the mortification and perplexity of teaching the Town school in 1736 and 7, added to his constitutional infirmities a weight which overcame his fortitude and impaired his health. He became unable for the most part during the last three years of his life to discharge the duties of his sacred office * * * 774 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD He fell a prey to his corporeal and mental disorders, Aug. 23, 1740, in the 34th year of his ministry and about the 60th of his age. He was found dead in his well, over which was built later the railroad station at the Centre Village. He was a plain, practical preacher, and a faithful and able minister of the New Testament. From some remnants of his manuscript sermons furnished to Allen by Farmer, the former judged that they were constructed after the models of the old divines of the sixteenth century, but executed in a happier manner. June 1, 1713, he preached the Artillery Election sermon in Boston from I Sam, ii, 30. Judge Sewall says it was an excellent discourse. He gave a silver tankard to the church. October 23, 1740, the Town voted to pay Mrs. Stoddard £132 for her husband's funeral expenses. He had nine children : 4. Samson, born May 1, 1709. Elizabeth, born Dec. 14, 1710; married Capt. Waterhouse of Boston, Oct. 20, 1741; died Aug. 1775. He died, 1751. William, born May 4, 1712; married Mercy Wise, Jan. 18, 1745; died 1742. Benjamin, born Dec. 28, 1713. Rebecca, born Nov. 4, l7l6; married William White, merchant of Boston. Sarah, born Sept. 21, 1718; married Rev. Ebenezer Bridge, Oct. 24, 1741;died April 9, 1783. John, born Nov. , 1721; and died young. Mary, born June 19, 1723; died at Westfield, April 3, 1759; buried at Chelmsford. Margaret, born , 1725; married Rev. Samuel Hopkins of Hadley, Mass., Sept. 14, 1776. 4. (Colonel) Samson, born May 1, 1709, died 1777; buried, April 28; (see page 203); graduated Harvard 1730; studied Divinity, but concluded to turn his attention to trade and agriculture. He married Elizabeth Maverick, Sept. 22, 1738. In 1741, he married , name unknown, and had 5. Samson, born April 3, 1743; graduated Harvard 1763; died 1779; buried March 26. He was schoolmaster and Justice of the Peace in Chelmsford, and Major of the Militia. He was associated with his father in managing the estate in New Hampshire. Also one daughter. Col. Samson married, 2nd, Oct. 18, 1744, Margaret Vryling, and had: Vryling, born Dec. 17, 1746; died 1779; buried May 8. Graduated at Harvard in 1765, and taught school in Chelmsford; died suddenly. Sarah, born Oct. 27, 1752; died Aug. 3, 1818; married Aug. 26, 1779, Levi Wilder of Lancaster. Margaret Vryling was the daughter of a distinguished merchant (named Van Vryling) of Amsterdam, Holland, where her parents were under the ministry of the Rev. John Robinson, the Puritan. The mother was, in early life, at boarding school at Dort, and there embraced the tenets of the Pilgrim Fathers. Her husband held like views. After his death she came with her two daughters to Boston, in 1715. There Margaret married Mr. Stoddard. He kept a store for many years in Chelmsford, and is said to have owned 80,000 acres of land in New Hampshire, where a township was named for him. He received his com- EARLY MINISTERS, PHYSICIANS AND LAWYERS 775 mission as Lt. Colonel Sept. 12, 1749. He was Colonel of the 2d Regiment of Middlesex County, and Representative in the General Court. Allen says (page 132) that Col. Stoddard "studied divinity and began to preach, but for some reason * * * he turned his attention to trade and agriculture. He opened a store of English and West India goods and traded largely in Chelmsford for many years." He took an honorable part in the affairs of Church and Towti for a long period, and was a man of pure morals. "At the commencement of the Revolutionary- war, he was suspected of indifference to the cause of the Revolution, or of favoring its enemies. He, therefore, fell under the displeasure of the people, who, according to the spirit of the times, treated him with some indignity, from which he never fully recovered. Whether he really did favor the cause of Great Britain or not, seems not to be clearly ascertained. But his best friends centured him for withholding a full exposition of his sentiments." In 1708, the estate of the first minister of Chelmsford, John Fiske, was sold by the children of his brother, Moses, to Samson Stoddard for £130. His children sold to Ebenezer Bridge, the fourth pastor, who married Mr. Stoddard's daughter, Sarah. John Fiske, Jonas Clarke, Samson Stoddard, and Ebenezer Bridge, were, in their respective families, the eldest sons of the first four pastors of Chelmsford, and of each of them nearly the same thing may be said. They each grew to manhood and resided in Chelmsford, educated, intelligent and useful men. They held nearly the same offices in the Town, and for about 120 years the oldest son of a minister was a leading citizen. The last three were Justices of the Peace, members of the Legislature, and Commanders of Regiments. "Because they were worthy, their fellow-citizens gladly gave them honor." [See Stoddard Genealogy, and Allen, page 140.] This marriage is found in the Boston records: Sampson Stoddard, Jr., Esq., and Jemima White were married in Boston, Sept. 20, 1772, by Rev. Mather Byles, D. D. THE REV. EBENEZER BRIDGE. Allen says: "The period, at which the subject of this biograph- ical sketch lived, was the most difficult and trying for clergymen, of any half century since the settlement of this coimtry. "Mr. Bridge was bom in Boston, 1714. He was educated at Harvard University, Cambridge, whence he procured A. B., 1736, at the age of 17 years. He spent the next year after he left the university, at Plymouth, in instructing the grammar school, where he was much respected and beloved by his pupils. [See memoir of Schoolmasters, in Plymouth His. Col., vol. 4."] Allen is mistaken in the date of Mr. Bridge's birth, as will be seen from the following items, collected from the records of 776 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Boston and of the New Brick Church. Allen also gives what are probably the baptismal dates as the birth dates of Mr. Bridge's children. The latter dates have been substituted for the former in Allen's account here quoted. Ebenezer Bridge and Mary Roberts of Boston were married by the Rev. Cotton Mather, May 11, 1710. The children of Ebenezer and Mary Bridge were : Mary, born March 15, 1711; baptized March 18, 1711. Hannah, " June 11, 1713 June 14, 1713. *(Rev.) Ebenezer, " March 4, 1716 March 11, 1716. Sarah, " March 20, 1718 " March 23, 1718 Experience, ' ' July 10, 1721 July 23, 1721 John, " July 21, 1723 July 21, 1723 Samuel, August 10, 1726 " August 14, 1726 Abigail, " May 7, 1731 May 9, 1731 Elizabeth, " April 2, 1732 April 9, 1732 Persis, " March 18, 1733 " March 18, 1733 Samuel, June 19, 1734 " June 23, 1734 William, " Jan. 13, 1736 " Jan. 18, 1736 Benjamin, " Sept. 9, 1737 ; " Sept. 11, 1737 Jerusha, " Jan. 8, 1743 " Jan. 9, 1743 In 1715, Ebenezer Bridge was apparently following the black- smith's trade; and on July 24, 1729 permission was given by the Town of Boston "To Ebenezer Bridge of Boston Blacksmith to Erect a Timber building for a Dwelling house upon his peice of Land at the North part of Boston near Beer lane so called sd Building to be about Thirty six feet long Eighteen or Nineteen feet broad and Eighteen feet Stud." [Boston Records, Vol. 29, p. 225.] Ebenezer Bridge was one of the twenty-four who first associated for the building of the New Brick Church in Boston. Ebenezer Bridge and Mary Maccarty were married March 19, 1729. [Boston Marriages, p. 148.] The writer could find no record in Boston of the death of Mary Roberts, the wife of Ebenezer Bridge. The deaths at that period were not carefully recorded. It may be that she was the mother of only the first seven of his fourteen children. Mary married Ephriam Baker, vSept. 3, 1730. Hannah mar- ried Andrew Symmes, Aug. 31, 1732. Sarah married Jonathan Mountfort, Jr., Nov. 25, 1742. Elizabeth married Increase Blake, Nov. 18, 1762. [For mention of Symmes and Blake see pp. 223, 224, 237.] The following documents, relating to the settlement of the estate of the father of the Rev. Ebenezer Bridge, are of sufficient interest to be included in this account. They are among the Fiske papers. We the Subscribers, being children and heirs of Capt. Ebr. Bridge late of Boston, deceasd — , do hereby Signify to, & Inform *It is recorded that Ebenezer Bridge was admitted a member of the New Brick Church, Feb. 25, 1738-9. Thomas Seccom, of Medford, wrote in his diary: 1739, Nov. 11, Sermon by Mr. Ebenr. Bridge, of Boston, a blacksmith's son. EARLY MINISTERS, PHYSICIANS AND LAWYERS 777 yr. Honr. that (altho by ye Report of the Gentlemen Jmpowered To Divide the Real Estate of the Sd. Ebr., our Hond Father, It will admit of Three Settlemts & no more without hurting ye whole, yet) we do not Jncline or desire yt any part, or parts of the sd Estate shod, be sett off to us, or either of us, but would Choose yt The Eldest Son in ye Family be Jntrusted with the whole as ye Law directs. To The Honble Edwd. Hutchinson, Esq. Mary Baker Judge Prob : Jn ye County Suffolk John Bridge Boston Jany 13th 1749/50. Andrew Symmes Jonathan Mountfort, Junr. Experience Bridge We the Subscribers [names] children and heirs of Ebenezer Bridge of Boston, Gentleman, dec'd. Do hereby acknowledge to have received of our Brother Ebenezer Bridge of Chelmsford. Clerk, the Rateable proportion of the sd [names] of and in the Appraized value of the Real Estate of the sd Ebenezer Bridge, deceased, the proportion of each therein being Sixty one pounds ten shillings & nine pence farthing Lawful money. As witness our hands September the Thirteenth day Anno Dom. 1753. Andrew Symmes John Bridge Hannah Symmes Experience Bridge Jonathan Mountfort Abigail Bridge Sarah Mountfort Elizabeth Bridge See item from diary, Sept. 20, 1753, on a following page. Allen continues: Mr. Bridge, was ordained May 20, 1741. The Rev. Mr. Parker, of Dracut, made the introductory prayer. Rev. Wm. Welstead, of the North Church, Boston, preached from I Tim. 4-6 'A good minister of Jesus Christ.' The Rev. Mr. Hancock, of Lexington, gave the charge, and the Rev. Mr. Baxter the fellowship of the churches. On Oct. 24, 1741, he was married to Miss Sarah Stoddard, third daughter of the Rev. Samson Stoddard. His stature was large and commanding, his manner grave and dignified. He possessed great social powers and was a communi- cative friend and pleasant companion; yet such was his sense of the sacredness of his office, of the reverence and submission due to the ministerial character and authority, that he seemed rather to awe the common mind by the majesty, than allure it by the loveliness of virtue and piety. As the head of a family, he was strict and rigid in exacting obedience and conformity to estab- lished regulations. As a parent, affectionate and indulgent. His passions were strong and quick, which marked his char- acter with energy, decision and religious ardor. The infelicities of nature however he turned to a good account by making them subserve the high purposes of virtuous activity and religious fidelity and zeal in the service of his Divine Master. 778 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD In the pulpit he was animated and solemn, and by his clear, sonorous voice and distinct pronunciation delighted the ear and commanded the attention of his hearers. He may be ranked among the happy few, who on a sudden emergency or special occasion, discover an admirable facility in selecting and arranging ideas, putting them in a dress, and delivering them, in a manner appropriate to the feelings, which the occasion excites. His rank among the ministers of his day may be ascertained by the public honors conferred upon him in being appointed to preach the Artillery Election sermon in 1752, June 1; and the general Election sermon May 27, 1767. In 1762 he was chosen scribe of the convention of ministers, and in 1780 preached the convention sermon. These sermons are in print, and do equal honor to his under- standing and heart, patriotism and piety. The former discourse is founded on the 10th. ch. of Acts, and 1, and 2 verses. "Cornelius, a Centurion of the Band, called the Italian Band, a devout man and one that feared God with all his house." The drift of this discourse is to show the consistency of military life with the profession and practice of Christianity. The latter sermon is from Deut. 33-29. "Happy art thou, O Israel, who is like unto thee, O people saved by the Lord, the shield of thy help, and who is the sword of thy excellency!" This is a very long and a very loyal sermon. It contains many just remarks upon government, and laws, and many useful hints to rulers. It is replete with sentiments of attachment to the mother coimtry and of devout congratulations for the civil and religious liberty and growing prosperity of the colonies. These are the only discourses, that are published. He was often solicited; but he always refused to give publicity to those occasional discourses, which were thought by his hearers to possess peculiar merit. As a writer he was deficient in some of those qualities which constitute excellence. His style was negligent and diffuse, his sentences long and ill-constructed. Sermons written in a familiar conversational style, are often heard with a pleasure and profit which they seldom afford on reading. We have the testimony of living witnesses, that he was an acceptable, animated and searching preacher, and a faithful minister of the New Testament. His creed partook of the orthodoxy of the day, and para- doxical as it may seem, he was a strenuous advocate for liberty of conscience and the rights of private judgment, and a bitter enemy to sectarians of every denomination. But his strongest aversions were against the Hopkinsians, with whom he had no intercovirse, and whom he could hardly treat with civility. His virtues were put to the severest test by the Whitefieldian spirit, that pervaded the country and interrupted the peace and order of the churches. EARLY MINISTERS, PHYSICIANS AND LAWYERS 779 Long and difficult was the work of devising and adopting a uniform system of church government and discipHne. This work had just been accompHshed by the wisdom and perserverence of the Fathers of the New England churches, which had enjoyed but a short peace; when a host of mushroom exhorters and lay preachers, who owed their origin to Mr. Whitefield, sprang up and made inroads upon the peace and order of Chrisitan societies and churches. It is far from the intention of the writer to impeach the character, or call in question the motives of this eminent saint. His conduct in itinerating and preaching through a country, mostly formed into regular churches and societies, and furnished with stated pastors, is justly censurable, as contrary to the rules of the gospel, and subversive of the civil and religious peace of society, and of the order and edification of the churches. From his example, powerful eloquence, and inflammatory zeal many settled ministers were induced to play the Bishop in another's diocese; and many illiterate persons to assimie the office of itinerating preachers. By persons of this description many members of this church were seduced and beguiled from the simplicity and order of the gospel, to the great grief of their brethren and of their stated pastor. At one time we find no less than fifteen persons called before the church to answer to the charge of disorderly conduct and violation of covenant en- gagements in going after vagrant preachers and lay exhorters. To deal with such persons so as to convert them from the error of their ways was a most difficult task, and required both patience, meekness, and wisdom. In several trials of this sort the virtues of Mr. Bridge shone conspicuously and triumphed over his enemies. During his ministry the church was frequently called to exercise its authority in disciplining its irregular mem- bers, and it rarely exerted it without the designed effect. Much truth as well as keen satire is contained in his reply to the request of sundry persons to be dismissed from this church in order to unite with others in forming a church in Carlisle. "Twenty years," said he, "have I been grieved with that genera- tion. I give my most hearty consent to their dismission." The time of his ministry was a very difficult and trying one in a pecuniary point of view. So great and sudden were the de- preciations of money, and so oppressive the burden of maintain- ing the Revolutionary war, and so many and great the embar- rassments lying upon the people after the attainment of their independence, that it is difficult to conceive of the straits to which the clergy were reduced. Though the people were attentive to his wants and indulgent to his requests, yet considerable time must have necessarily elapsed before depreciations could be made up and necessary supplies granted. 780 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD In the commencement of the war with Great Britain and until the republication of Hutchinson's Letters in this country, he was a decided friend of the cause and interest of Great Britain. But after the perusal of these letters, he changed his opinion, and was ever after one of the most ardent supporters of the inde- pendence and liberties of the colonies; and his exertions greatly contributed to the union, zeal and patriotism of the inhabitants of the Town. In 1783, April 9, he was called in divine providence to the painful bereavement of his consort. She died in the sixty-fourth year of her age, after having accompanied him forty-one years in his pilgrimage, and partaken with him the afflictions and consolations of the gospel. In 1791 he married Mrs. Joanna Abbott, relict of Dr. Nehemiah Abbott, who survived him several years. From this time his health and strength gradually failed. He continued however to preach with little interruption till a few weeks before his death, though with all mental and corporeal debility, incident to advanced age. After a long and useful ministry he was called to give an account of his stewardship, Oct. 1, 1792. The church erected a monument to his memory with the following appropriate Inscrip- tion : — By the Church of Christ In CHELMSFORD In testimony of their esteem and veneration This sepulchral stone was erected, to stand as a sacred memorial of their late worthy Pastor The Rev. Ebenezer Bridge, who after having officiated among them in the service of the Sanctuary for more than a year above half a century, the strength of nature being exhausted, sunk under the burden of age and joined the congregation of the dead, Oct. 1, 1792, M. 78. The children of Rev. Ebenezer Bridge were, Sarah, bom July 23, 1742, married to Rev. Henry Cummings, D.D., of Billerica; Ebenezer, bom April 23, 1744. (He represented Chelmsford in the General Court in 1786, and was for many years moderator of the Town meeting.) ; John, born Jan. 31, 1745/6; Elizabeth, July 1, 1748, died in infancy; Mary, Nov. 14, 1750, married to Mr. Timothy Winn of Woburn, now Burlington; William, Jan. 11, 1753, died July 13, 1826; Katherine, Feb. 16, 1755, died in infancy; Lucrctia, March 6, 1757, married to Dr. Walter Hastings, April 10, 1777. Ebenezer, the oldest son received the honors of the Univer- sity at Cambridge in 1764. Soon after leaving college he went to Worcester, where he spent a year or more in teaching a public EARLY MINISTERS, PHYSICIANS AND LAWYERS 781 school. He then removed to Billerica and opened a store of E. and W. I. Goods. In 1775 he was chosen Col. of the 27th Reg. of Minute Men, which he commanded at the celebrated battle on Bunker's Hill, in which he received two slight wounds. In 1776 or 7 he was chosen Register of deeds of the county of Middlesex. From 1781 to 1800 he was chosen successively a senator in the Legislature of Massachusetts, and from 1783 to 1808 county treasurer. Jan. 25, 1787, he married the widow Mary Mountfort of Boston. She died Sept. 24th of that year. He was a faithful guardian of the rights and liberties of his country, and a zealous promoter of the interest and welfare of his native Town. His numberous friends and acquaintances always found a cordial welcome and hospitable retreat at his house. He was respected abroad as a correct politician, and an enlightened, tried patriot, and esteemed at home for his public services and private virtues. Twenty-nine octodecimo volumes of Mr. Bridge's manuscript sermons have been bound, and are now in the possession of Mr. Fred M. Fiske of Somerville. At a General Town Meeting of ye Freeholders & other Inhabitants of ye Town of Chelmsford, regularly assembled on Tuesday ye 2d of December, 1740: Voted & unanimously chose Mr. Ebenezer Bridge to be our Gospel minister amonge us. Voted to continue ye former committee chosen by ye Town to discourse with Mr. Bridge in order for his settling among us and make report to ye Town for their farther consideration. Voted to give Mr. Bridge one hundred and eighty pounds for his yearly salary provided Mr. Bridge becomes our settled minister in passable Bills of Credit of ye old tenner or any other money amonge us equivalent. Voted to give Mr. Bridge four hundred pounds in bills of credit of ye old tener or equivalent thertoo for his settlement. Later £20 a year in Province bills was added to his salary, and £100 "in Province bills of ye old tenour" to his settlement. In his letter of acceptance "To the Inhabitants of the Town of Chelmsford" Mr. Bridge makes reference to their generous pro- vision "for my encouragement" (knowing that it is ordained of God that he that preaches ye Gospel shall live of ye Gospel) and says : "I do now declare my acceptance with your call, and as I trust ye call of Providence to me herein and my acceptance of your offers for my support and comfort among you, expecting that you make full payment at the expiration of two years from ye first day of November One Thousand & Seven Hundred & forty. . . . And I chuse to take this opportunity to express my delight & satisfaction in ye peace, love & unanimity subsisting among you, which has greatly engaged me to you, and I earnestly 782 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD entreat you & each of you that you do in your respective places endeavour still to maintain and preserve it among you, as it will be a means of rendering me serviceable to you, by ye blessing of ye God of love and peace. And further one thing I beseech and intreat of you, that you would at all times when surrounding ye Throne of Grace for ye supply of your own wants bear me on your minds and pray to ye God & Father of our Lord Jesus Christ that I might be filled with ye gifts and graces of his good Spirit, that I might be thoroughly furnished to every good word and work, that you might by his Grace be my crown of rejoicing in ye day of ye Lord. And be assured that so long as God shall continue me in your service, I shall, relying on his gracious assist- ance, readily lay myself out to serve you & yours in ye Gospel of his dear Son. ORDINATION OF MR. BRIDGE. A committee was chosen to provide a place of public entertain- ment, and empowered to draw money out of the Town Treasury for that purpose. The galleries in the meeting house were strength- ened "that they may not be in danger of breaking down at the ordination." The front gallery and the first four body seats were reserved "for the Council to sit in." The ordination expenses amounted to £67:00:03. During the pastorate of Ebenezer Bridge, 1741-1792, there were baptized 1,980 persons, of whom 48 were by other ministers. Messrs. Cimiings, Ripley and Penniman baptized some here after Bridge's death. In the same period there were 965 burials. He also records many marriages, which are included in the printed "Vital Records" of Chelmsford. For fees he received from half a dollar to sixty-five dollars in paper. In 1781 he received on one occasion "80 dollars Continental money as it is now called." It was the custom sometunes to give gloves. In 1760 were married John Winslow of Boston and Sarah Tyng of Dunstable. Mr. Bridge records that the fee was "a guinea and a pair of kid gloves for self and wife." "I prayed and Justice Fletcher pronounced them man and wife." The Rev. Ebenezer Bridge died Oct. 1, 1792, intestate. His son Ebenezer was administrator of the estate, and gave a bond for $10,000. Samuel Pitts, merchant, and Joseph Adams, yeoman, were sureties. EARLY MINISTERS, PHYSICIANS AND LAWYERS 783 INVENTORY OF THE ESTATE OF EBENEZER BRIDGE. The Homestead including about fifteen acres of Land, with the dwelling house, Barn, Grist Mill and appurtenances thereto belonging .... £350 . . About seven acres of Fresh meadow 50 . . 1 Brown Cow £3.6.0 1 Brindle do 3. 1 Red do 2.17.0 1 Hog 2.5.0 2 pigs 1.0.7 1 Blk Walnut Desk 1.7.0 1 Writing do 7.6 8 Leather bottomed chairs . 1.8,0 1 Couch 7.0 1 Walnut Table 10.0 1 do do 12.0 1 pine do 5.0 1 pr cast Andirons 2.6 4 pr shovels & Tongs 1.4.0 1 pr small polished and- irons 8.0 1 pr small Iron andirons. . . 2.0 1 pr large polished do ... 10.0 1 pr largest do do ... 6.0 1 Maple Table 10.0 1 do do 5.0 4 round back chairs & 2 cushions 12.0 1 armed chair 5.0 9 chairs 19.6 1 saddle 12.0 1 Watch 2.8.0 1 Candlestand 6.0 1 pr Tobacco Tongs 2.0 5 red chairs 10.0 1 Blk framed Looking Glass 2.8.0 1 do 12.0 Ismail do 1.0 1 Chamber Table 18.0 1 Bed, Bedding, Bedstead & Curtains 10.0.0 Ido&c 1.16.0 1 do &c 1.4.0 1 Blk Table 5.0 1 Chest of Drawers 6.0 1 Sack bottomed Bedstead. 15.0 Wearing Apparel 3.6.0 15.0 9.0 18.0 4.0 2.6 10.0 4.6 1.0 3.0 1.4 3.0 3.0 1.3.0 3.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.6 1.0 4.6 11.8 12.0 4.0 4.0 1 Large Brass Kettle 1.0.0 1 small do 6.0 2 Iron Pots & a Dish Kettle 10 . 1 Iron Spit 2.0 1 Ax 0.7 I5 Tuns English Hay 5.2.0 3| do Meadow do 4.4.0 1 Pitch Fork 2.0 1 Hay Hook 1.0 1 Old Chaise 4.10.0 Pictures 1.10.0 Books, Pamphlets, Maga- zines, &c 15.16.1 1 Hat 2 Kitchen Tables 1 Jack 1 pr Tongs & a peal [peel = fire shovel] 1 Gridiron 4 Trammels 1 Chaffing Dish 1 Toasting Iron 1 Watering pot 1 Lanthorn 1 Warming pan Candle moulds 1 Bell mettle skillett 1 Brass do 1 Trevet [trivet = tripod] . . 1 Brass Chaffing Dish 1 pr Brass Candlesticks. . . . 3 Flat Irons 1 Ironing Box 3 Pewter Basons 14 do Plates 5 do Dishes Knives & Forks Tin Ware 38^ plate £9 . 16 .8 & 11 pwdt old Gold 58/8 Oliver Barron Josiah Fletcher, 3d Jonathan Williams Apprizers £487.19.9 12.15.4 £500.15.1 784 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD selected items from the diary of the rev. ebenezer bridge (condensed.) 1749. March 4. This year entered upon ye 34 year of my age. O, my barrenness, [Resolves to lead a more consecrated life.] Sept. 13. Col. Sampson Stoddard received his commission as Lieut. Colonel yesterday. Oct. 18. Daniel Lock, a most violent Newlight. I was not asked to attend the funeral of his child. Nov. 10. Reproved my people for some late disorders, fightings and quarrellings in drunken fits at the tavern. Dec. 12. I set out for Boston in company with Rev. Mr. Hall. My horse failed me and I had a fall from him ; thro' Divine Goodness received no hurt. 1750. Jan. 31. Benj. Howard heard lately of the death of his son Timo. at Halifax, N. S. May 8. Last night began to anoint for ye Itch, and kept house this day. 9. And also this day. Filthy work! 10. Washed and became a little more comfortable. 11. Rode out p. m. a little for ye air, but weak. July 16. Took a little diversion at fishing. Aug. 8. Exceedingly engaged and fatigued in Haying. 17. Discoursed with about their intemperance for which bap- tism was denied their child. The church expects public confession. 1751. Jan. 3. Dropped the preparatory lecture because it was poorly attended. Communicants went to tavern, much frolicking and disorder among young people. Jan. 22 (1750/1). This morning a very high wind wch blew down several buildings, and much rain. Feb. 7. This evening was presented to me a handsome gown. This bountyful gift of sundry women of ye town I am utterly unworthy of, but I hope their goodness — will stir me to fidelity in ye service of ye souls of all my people. March 4. Prayed in Town meeting and supped with the selectmen at Parker's. May 8. Discoursed with Gershom Proctor's wife. She expressed her sorrow for some of her conduct as a Newlight, and particularly asked me to forgive her in matters relating to her conduct toward me. She had absented herself from the Lord's Table this 7 years past. 15. I visited Col. Tyng and dined there with my sister Elizabeth and my daughter Sally. Sept. 16. Baptized Mary, wife of Andrew Betty, dau. of Dr. Tucker, who was an Anabaptist, so was not baptized in infancy. 1752. Feb. 15. Received a visit from Master Minot and his armour- bearer. March 12. Received letter from committee of ye Ancient and Honorable Co. Chosen to deliver Election Sermon. I am truly sorry and should be glad ever to be freed from such public appearances. (He preached June 1, and dined with the Company in Faneuil Hall.) 15. This day, answering to ye 4th of March, O. S., is my birthday. Sept. 2. Here according to Act of Parliament eleven days are to be left out this month, and from ye 2d we go to ye fourteenth, according to New Style. Mr. Waterman and Mr. Mayo, a Virginia man, both from London, here on a visit. Oct. 20. A Barbacue in Dracut. Dec. 11. Rev. and Ven. Bishop Hancock's funeral in Lexington. He attended with Col. Clarke and Col. Stoddard. 1753. May 3. Visited brother Benjamin and Mr. Mather in Boston. Sept. 20. Conveyed all of my Dear Honored Father's estate to Mr. Nath. Barker, Jr. of Boston for £800 = £6000. old Tenor. Abigail Howard, his maid, received £35. a year = £4. 13.4 lawful money). EARLY MINISTERS, PHYSICIANS AND LAWYERS 785 1754. Jan. 7. Exceedingly hurried, Killing hogs. Feb. 1. Smoked a pipe with ye Selectmen at Jno. Parker's tavern. March 12. Smoked a pipe at Col. Stoddard's with Mr. Downe of Lunen- burgh. 18. Busy contriving with some neighbors for a private school in ye middle town. June 2. Lord's Day. After meeting, Dr. Robie and Mr. Prescott came and smoked a pipe with me. July 7. Lord's Day. Sacrament. Was obliged to desire Sarah, wife of John Burge, to withdraw, she being one of the followers of Hyde, the Separatist speaker. (Refused to baptize child of Israel Proctor, for the same reason.) (In several instances contributions were made of money, rye, flax, and hay, for a man who had lost by fire.) Nov. 5. At Boston. Met with Mr. Whitefield who had been preaching about considerable, and this morning preached a farewell sermon to the Town of Boston. 1755. April 26. Boston. Took leave of Brother John going on the Expedition to Nova Scotia. May 14. Dined at Rev. Mr. Parker's (of Dracut) and went with him and Mr. Foxcroft of Cambridge to ye fishing place yt side of ye River. (The fishing place on the Chelmsford side was a favorite resort of Mr. Bridge.) 15. Dined at Col. Stoddard's in company with Judge Russell, Judge Danforth, Rev. Mr. Parker and divers others. Messrs. Danforth, Foxcroft, Jr., Col. Stoddard and Justice Fletcher supped with me. 23. Preached at ye house of Ben. Proctor to his aged mother from Jno. 16.33., last clause. June 11. Israel Proctor was buried about 1 o'clock by agreement he was to have been buried at 9 a. m. & I tarried from minister's meeting at Nottingham to attend ye funeral at ye meeting-house, but was treated ill, in their improving Hyde, ye Separate teacher to pray at ye house, & when yy came to Town desired me to pray wth em which I refused & so I could not go to Nottingham. 18. Visited Jona. Barron who is going off in ye Expedition to Crown Point tomorrow, & is made a Lieut, in ye Army. Prayed with ye Soldiers going off to Crown Point. July 30. Married Oliver Barron to Abigail Prockter fee a dollar. Aug. 4. This morning two men, a Raymond and a Fletcher, ye Comttee of the District of Carlisle, came to me to enquire about ye Petitioners to ye Gen. Court to be set off from us and annexed to em. I told em some were in good standing with this Chh., but ye bulk of em were Separates under Hyde, ye lay exhorter, and tho' not under a formal censure by vote of ye Church, were debarred of enjoyment of special ordinances while yy continue in a state of separation. 28. Fast Day on acct of war. After ye defeat of Gen. Braddock's army at ye Ohio, & by reason of our forces gone to Niagara & Crown Point. I preached all day from Ps. 60. 9-12. Sept. 2. Went fishing to meadw p. m. 15. A general muster of companies thro the Province to raise men to reinforce army at Crown Point. Spent evening at Parker's with ofificers. This day ye news came of ye engagement between Gen. Johnson's army & ye French & Indians, in wch Johnson's army came off conquerors * * *. A signal mercy * * *. 25. Visited the wife of Jona. Barron, as I did yesterday towards night, upon a flying report of her husband being killed in the battle agt.^the enemy on ye way to Crown Point. 26. Visited Mrs. Barron this morning upon the acct. of her.'hearing more news of her husband being killed, & discoursed with her. Prayed at Parker's with a company going off to Crown Point, Captain Butterfield of Dunstable. 786 HISTOR Y OF CHELMSFORD 27. Visited Widow Parker upon a flying report of her son being killed in the fight under Gen. Johnson, so upon the same acct. visited wife of Jacob Parker. 30. Visited Mrs. Barron, who this day is certified of the death of her husband in the late battle with our enemies in the way toward Crown Point, by an extract of a letter of Maj. Nichols (to his wife), who also was wounded in the same engagement. I discoursed with her again, & endeavored to comfort her. Oct. 6. I visited widw Parker, she having heard from her son Moses in ye Army, whereby is certified to us ye death of Lieut. Barron, Jacob Parker and James Emery of this Town. 1756. Feb. 12. Monsieur Landry, two sons, a daughter & a son's wife visited and dined with me. Part of the family I visited yesterday. There are fifteen in all. [An Acadian family]. * * * 14. Paul Landry dined with us. March 18. My negro servant Venus died of throat distemper, [of which there was a good deal in town]. A great loss. Considering it as a loss of estate,^ [she was his slave] it hath little or no weight in my mind. But as a death in my family, one that has lived so many years with me & bin so much trouble, tho one that hath gone thro a great deal of hard service, one that hath provoked me & my wife a multitude of times to rash & unjustifiable expressions & hard treatment of her; so wicked & sinful, whose soul is as precious as any. Upon these considerations I consider the loss great. [His daughter Katherine died on the 23d, and his daughter Betty on the 31st of March.] Rode to ye fishing place at Wamassick & was diverted in seeing the fishermen catch fish, & the men were very civil & libera! to me. May 1. Saw a number of our Soldiers returned from Nova Scotia. 9. Preached to Capt. Butterfield's soldiers going against Crown Point. [He mentions Eben Foster, a good, kind neighbor and friend.] July 1. [Rev. Mr. Clark of Lexington, Madam Hancock and others dined with him.] [He met Shad. Ireland & another violent Newlight * * * found em grossly ignorant & enthusiastick.] [His sister Symmes died, leaving 12 children. Her age was 43, and she had had 17 children.] Baptized negro child belonging to Joseph Moors. 1757. July 12. Col. Stoddard asked me if I would let him know whether I was furnished with arms & ammunition according to law. I said no. he went away affronted. [Clergj'men were required to be thus equipped, ac- cording to law.] 18. Rode to Tyng's pond a fishing. There was agreeable company there. Aug. 16. A great commotion in sending off men to our forts to ye Westward. 17. Prayed with Troops from Newbury, Rowley, &c. 18. Went to Lieut. Proctor's & prayed with our troops going oft' toward ye forts or Albany &c. 26. My brother John Bridge arrived here in his way from Lake George, he being one that was taken by the French and stripped by the Indians, when Fort Wm. Henry was taken from us. The meeting of ministers to approbate Hyde seems to come to nought. [Widow Sarah Swallow, widow of Oliver Adams, Mrs. Blaisdell, Henry Spaulding's wife and Thomas Spaulding and wife were of "Hyde's hearers." also Rachel Rangley, Lucy Burge, Mary Stcdman & Lucy Goold.] [He mentions the death of the son of Zach. Emery at Fort Edward, 1755.] 1758. March 8. Spent evening at Parker's per invitation of Capt. Parker, whose Co. mett this afternoon to appoint Bayonet men according to the new laws. 13. Discoursed and prayed with Benj. Byam & others going abroad into ye warr having listed under Rogers as Rangers. EARLY MINISTERS, PHYSICIANS AND LAWYERS 787 May 2. Capt. Parker listing or pressing men for Canada Expedition. 4. Col. Tyng mustering ye men who listed & were impressed yesterday in his regiment. 23. Prayed with Capt. Butterfield's Co. wch marched this day for ye Lake. July 4. This day received agreeable news from the forces at Cape Breton. 5. Further good news, viz. ye taking of sundry vessels &c. 23. Bad news from ye Lake relating to ye war. 3L Discoursed at night with Jno. Spaulding, Jr. about his turning to ye antipedo baptists & his being about to be rebaptized, but I fear to little or no purpose. Aug. 17. This day heard the news of the reduction of Louisburgh. Welcome news. Blessed be the Lord, whose is the glory & Victory. Sept. 14. Day of prayer & thanksgiving on acct. of ye affairs of war & the reduction of Louisburgh. Josiah Foster hath lately been in captivity with ye Indians & French. His wife & 2 children taken with him lived awhile among ye Indians and at Mont Real & Quebec, and was sent to England (and his wife died on ye pas- sage there), and this last Spring was returned to his native land. He gave an entertaining account of his being taken & what passed all along; particu- larly told me he saw my cousin Longloisoroi (maiden name, Esther Bridge) who lives at Mont Real, who desired him to acquaint me of her, if he should return. Oct. 31. Zeb. Keyes just returned from ye war, but dangerously sick. [Died.] Jonas Spaulding (son of Lieut.) died in the war. Jer. Butterfield lately returned from Cape Breton, and sick. Saml. Marshall lately returned from ye war. Dec. 28. Disturbed by the conduct of my miller, by which the flood has torn my dams much. 1759. March 29. Died my wife's sister, Mary Stoddard. April 6. Muster of militia to raise men . . . against Canada. 15. Preached from I Kings 20.11 on occasion of Soldiers going off to ye war under command of Capt. Moses Parker. 16. Dined with Capt. Moses Parker at Parker's [tavern] & prayed with his company. May 4. Visited Col. Stoddard with my wife after a long absence . . . begging for grace that I may forgive with a truly Xtian frame of mind. June 5. P. M. attended ye raising of a dwelling house of Ben. Warrens. 13. Church meeting. Case of those who separated and attended the meeting of Samll. Hyde at the South End. . . . They desired a reconciliation. Gershom Proctor, Jno. Kidder & wife, Thos. Spaulding & wife. Job Spaulding & wife, Jno. Barrett & wife, Jonas Robbins, the wife of Josiah Cory & ye wife of Zach. Shed. They have been out since 1754. They were restored all except Thos. Spaulding, whose case was continued. July 5. Attended ye raising of Capt. Ephraim Spaulding's house. Sept. 2. Mr. Thomas Rice, schoolmaster, preached. Sent my son Ebenezer to Rev. Mr. Swift's at Acton to live there & be instructed in Latin & Greek in order for College. [Later, sent him 2 Joannes = £36 old tenor in pay.] Ebenezer passed the examinations at Harvard the next July. Oct. 13. Heard of the taking of Quebec. Col. Stoddard's house illuminated. 25. Thanksgiving day on acct. of the Reduction of Quebec. My brother John from Boston this p. m. who fired us 5 doz. Sky Rockets. 28. Jno. Barrat's house burned in service time. Much troubled on account of domestic affairs. Dec. 10. Oliver Barron home from Crown Point. [Lieut. Wm. Barron, lately come from Quebec, brought to Mr. Bridge a small silver cup taken there.] 1760. March. 20. News of a terrible fire in Boston. 788 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Visited — and — whose wives are at awful variance with each other. Got em together; discoursed with em, and at length they asked (mutually) forgiveness and professed to forgive one another. April 13. Contribution for fire-sufferers in Boston: £137.6.0, old tenor. Aug. — . Lieut. Jona. Spalding & Ensign Jonathan Harwood both be- reaved of a son at Crown Point. Dec. 31. Heard of the death of George II; & accession of George III proclaimed at Boston yesterday. A sermon & procession tomorrow. [George II. died on Oct. 25.] 1761. March 12. A very considerable shock of an earthquake. Greater than I have known except that of 1727 & 1755. [For notice of others see Chapter XIII: "Meteorological Observations."] [He notes cases of small-pox brought by soldiers The widow Mary Keyes had it. A collection taken for her amounted to: cash £62.11.8. grain £4.2.6. 1762. Jan 18. Capt. Moses Parker arrived yesterday from Halifax. Feb. 15. Lieut. 's wife threw a pan of hot coals on her husband's head & face. He is now bound up with cloaths &c. His wife is intemperate & naughty. May 17. Dr. Rice came to town as a practitioner. Oct. 18. Heard of the taking of Newfoundland from the French. Dec. 11. Accepted a large folio Bible for the Ch. from Mr. Henshaw of Boston to be read publicly on Lord's Days. 1763. May 16. Supper at Col. Stoddard's in company with Secretary Oliver & his lady. June 24. Supper at Col. Stoddard's in company with his Excellency ye Governor [Francis Bernard] and ye Honbl. Mr. Bowdoin & ye Honbl. Mr. Fletcher & their ladies. 25. Dined at Col. Stoddard's [with the aforesaid company.] 26. Lord's Day. His Excellency was at meeting in forenoon only. July 12. Dined with Col. Carter & Mr. John Cotton, deputy secretary, and others at Col. Stoddard's. Aug. 11. Thanksgiving Day on acct. of the Peace restored to our Nation. 18. J no Spaulding informed me that Mr. Hillman was coming to preach there p. m. Was so silly as to ask me to come & hear him. 21. A Town meeting about a new county. Read numerous confessions in Ch. for breach of 7th Commandment. Wife of Job. Spaulding offended the Church by getting Worcester of Concord to baptize her child. By vote of the Ch. she was forgiven on acknowledging her wrong. Col. Jno. Alford has had ye small pox on his journey from ye Jerseys in ye new way of inoculation. Some people here from Boston in their flight on acct. of small pox there. 1764. Jan 27. This day heard of the burning of the old College at Harvard. The Gen. Court met there on acct. of small pox, & a fire in the Library beyond what was usual occasioned the burning of the valuable library. Feb. 1. Dined at Col. Tyng's pr. invitation, with ye neighboring gentle- men, &c. April 13. Mrs. Waterhouse & her 2 sons went down toward Boston to consult about taking of small pox. This affair of ye small pox — my two sons desire to be inoculated — is one of the most troublesome affairs of my whole life. I wish we may be directed for ye best. Col. Stoddard's sons going to Boston to be inoculated. July 23. My son Ebenezer went to keep school at Worcester. Aug. 23. My son John who has been here all ye small pox time, went to Brookline to his master, to abide with him. Sept. 12. Great storm of rain. 1765. Jan. 18. Delighted much in reading Gov. Hutchinson's history of N. England. Dined at Col. Jno. Tyng's with Justice Fletcher & ye neighboring gentlemen. I EARLY MINISTERS, PHYSICIANS AND LAWYERS 789 May 15. Dined at Capt. Barron's with Col. Phipps, Mr. Lechmere, Major Vassall &c., & their ladies per invitation, supped at Col. Stoddard's with Secretary Oliver and lady. They lodged at my house by reason of Col. Stoddard having plastered his chambers. July 6. My wife & I dined at Col. Stoddard's with his Excellency Gov. Bernard & Lady. Both at meeting next day and drank tea with us after service. Aug. 17. Insurrection at Boston on acct. of the Stamp Act. 28. News of another insurrection at Boston. 30. Every day we hear news of ye mobish doings in Boston. In ye first insurrection they hanged Secretary Oliver in effigy & then burnt ye Stamp Officer & rifled his dwelling house, &c. In ye second they rifled ye Lieut. Governor's house — destroyed his goods & took from him his cash &c. [Col. Spaulding, Justice of the Peace was called on to pray at a funeral in Bridge's absence. Bad doings at lecture & ordinations. 1 [He has trouble with the selectmen about his wood, and complains of being often hurried & worried with worldly affairs.] 1766. May 22. Col. Stoddard's house illuminated on acct. of the repeal of the Stamp Act. July 2. Secy. Oliver & lady drank tea with us. 15. Boston. Dined at Dep. Secy. Cotton's. 20. Public Thanksgiving for repeal of the Stamp Act. Sept. 1. Town meeting. Voted that ye damages to ye sufferers in ye late Insurrection should not by their consent be paid by the Province. 1767. April 13. Son Ebenezer opens shop in Billerica. May. 27. Election Day. Preached in Boston & dined at Faneuil Hall. 31. Lord's Day. I preached for Mr. Mather. June 1. Artillery election. Dined at Faneuil Hall. 22. My new mill raised. 26. Began to grind. 28. Mill dam carried away by water raised by violent storm. Jacob Wendall's potash house burned. A great loss to him. Sundry contributions for VVendall £55 in money & £17 in other things. Spent evening at school house with singers. Sundry contributions for David Kidder who lost a cow and a pig, £45, o. t. Omitted reading the Scriptures for ye winter season. Sometimes also the Sacrament, on acct. of cold. [The Puritan congregations must have suffered extreme discomfort in the cold of winter, to have sat through two long sermons in their unwarmed churches. Parson Bridge mentions in his diary one case when the cold was so severe that he was unable to complete his sermon * * * "Jan. 7, 1787, Administered Sac't supper, but purpose never more to attempt it, if I am continued, when so cold." At this time he was 73 years of age and had preached in Chelmsford 46 years. When younger, he doubtless bore such ordeals unflinchingly The diary of Judge Sewall of Boston mentions one bitter cold Sunday. "The Communion bread was frozen pretty hard, and rattled sadly into the plates." If they shivered from the cold themselves, they were humane to their horses waiting outside. As early as 1719 the town voted, "that Stephen Peirce, senor, and several of the inhabitants of the Neck shall have Liberty to build a Stable Nere the meeting house," and others were, from time to time, given similar privileges. It was sometime later before we find that their own comfort was provided for by noon-houses in which to spend the intermission between the morning and afternoon service, and partake of their lunch before a glowing fire. [H. S. P.] These were little square buildings, sometimes having four small rooms around a chimney, each room sheltering a family. Before stoves were placed in the meeting house, in 1820, foot-stoves were used — often made of perforated tin or sheet-iron, perhaps a foot square, and filled with hot coals. Fur bags and live dogs sometimes served as foot- warmers. The minister sometimes preached in a heavy overcoat, fur cap and woolen gloves]. 790 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD 1769. Feb. 7. This morning before day ye house of Jacob Wendall was consumed by fire. He & his family & Josiah Blood & his family & two young women narrowly escaped being burnt. They were obliged to flee naked, and all of em were frozen in their feet & legs, it being an extreme cold time. In ye a. m. I visited these distressed & afflicted families — and pple. were very kind to em. 23. The congregation was broken up by reason of a fire which had catch'd ye house of ye widow Stevens. Ye men in general ran & were instru- mental of saving ye house & then all returned to ye house of ye Lord. July 19. Fine morning. I set off early for Commencement. Got to Cambridge about \ after 10 o'clock. [Great numbers of children and young people catechized at the meeting house, and at the north end in a private house.] Dec. 28. [Nurse Babee died, aged 99. She was one of his father's family who had carried himself and most of his brothers and sisters to baptism.] 1770. Sept. 4. Widow Rebecca Dutton's blacksmith shop burned. Contributions £70 . 16 . 9 . 0. Nov. 18. Capt. Oliver Barron's house burned. Loss £300. or £400. Sterling. Nathan Crosby turned baptist, and was baptized by plunging, when one of their preachers preached at Jno. Spaulding's. 1771. Jan. 8. Capt. Oliver Barron raised a new house on the site of that burned. I attended. Sang ye 3 first Stanzas of 34th Psalm. [He was charged by Job Spaulding with preaching false doctrine. Spaulding had neglected Gospel privileges since 1749. The pastor was sustained.] [He was sick and could not pray at the opening of Town meeting, in meeting house, so they came to his house. On Fast Day Lieut. Governor Oliver attended service here.] [Two young men requested lodging, as they could not be accommodated at the tavern.] [Col. Tyng's son, John Alford, died. Seven ministers. "A large, hand- some funeral."] [Ye new deacons took their seats. A mock training and trooping which occasioned a great noise. Raised a floom [flume] at my upper dam.] The mill was on Beaver brook at the center of the Town. Aug. 22. Hon .Joshua Henshaw, wife, son & daughter came from Leicester. (Spent five weeks.) Sept. 30. This morning all ye Henshaws went home to my great joy and thankfulness. Nov. 30. This day died suddenly Oliver Fletcher, Esq., of this Town. A worthy man, my good neighbor and friend. A great loss is sustained in his death, to ye Town & to ye Country as well as to his own family & relations. His illness was numb palsy or apoplexy. Dec. 8. Omitted reading and shortened intermission on acct. of cold weather. 1772. Jan 2. [Job. Spiaulding confesses to have wronged him many years ago in charging him with preaching false doctrine, and later confesses before the church and asks forgiveness.] [Mentions Barzillai Lew, a free negro. He was a fifer in John Ford's Company.] 17. [In miserable poor frame by reason of family difficulties & many contradictions.] 18. O, for peace & quiet, good order & some religion. 26. Mr. Scales called; late a tutor of Harvard, now a lawyer. Came to town last week to live here. Married a negro belonging to Lieut. Wm. Kittredge of Tewkesbury & Zuba, a mulatto belonging to Dr. Nehemiah Abbott of this Town. Took no fee, though a dollar was ofi^ered. [Sick with cold: the first time I have been taken off two Sabbaths running since I have been in the ministry.] March 15. And also a third Sabbath. Could not send for the doctor on account of deep snow. EARLY MINISTERS, PHYSICIANS AND LAWYERS 791 22. And a fourth Sabbath. April 20. Went to Boston. 27. To Cambridge to election. Dined with ye Governor & Council in College Hall, with ye Rev. President. 28. Dined at Rev. Mr. Mather's. 29. Dined with the Lieut. Governor Mr. Oliver. June 1. Dined in Fanueil Hall with ye Artillery Compnay. Nov. 5. Stephen Scales died of the measles. A man of strong powers of mind & a great scholar. Visited ye young lady he courted, a daughter of widow Fletcher. Nov. 18. Mr. Jona. Williams Austin who came into Town Last night dined with me & spent p. m., he comes to settle with us as a Law^'cr. He brot Letters recommendatory to me fm. Rev. Doctors Chauncey & Cooper. 20. Mr. Scales, father of ye late Mr. Stephen Scales, dined with me. [Disturbed on acct. of son John's affairs, who had trouble with one Sparhawk. his goods sold at public vendue.] [Sick with ague in his jaw. draws tooth, better.] Sept. 16. His son Billy goes away from home & he knows not where he is. Thinks he cannot bear up much longer under his troubles. Was forced to buckle & come down & send for my poor son home. [His acquaintances stand aloof from him. He can't express his inward heart breaking sentiments. His sons Ebenezer and John have measles. So distressed, he forgot to give notice of Sacrament and lecture.] [Extracts from this Diary, of the Revolutionary period, will be found in the Chapter on the Revolution.] 1783. June 17. Dined at Dr. Mather's in Boston. Complains of difficulties, trials, troubles and afflictions. Aug. 12. Rode out in my new chaise ye first time. 24. One Grossman was ordained at the Baptist meeting house, South End, in their way. 1784. June 13. Preached at Dracut and baptized "a grist of babies." 24. A general Muster of ye Regiment at this Town. Col. Brown, Col. Bancroft, Maj. Farmer, field officers. Visited by divers ministers. Rev. Messrs. Moody, Cummings, Kidder & Mr. Sargent, a candidate. We dined at Barron's (tavern) with the officers. Company dined at our house. Company p. m. & evening. The whole conducted with decency & order & no damage of any sort. 27. Visited Mr. Grossman, Baptist teacher, but he was not at home. Aug. 18. The shop of David Danforth burned down. Oct. 14. In Boston. Dined with Major Philips. 24. Exchanged with Rev. Mr. Ripley [of Concord]. Nov. 2. The Rev. Mr. Cotton called on his way to Boston. 6. The Rev. Mr. Cotton dined with us. 1785. Feb. 22. Col. Mareschall, a French gentleman, now of Dracut, & his wife at my house. [This was Col. Marie Louis Amand Ansart De Marisquelles, of whom an interesting account may be found in "Quaint Bits of Lowell History," by Mrs. Sarah Swan Griffin.] April 7. Died Col. Simeon Spaulding, aged 71, a worthy, good man. 23. In ye evening had a bad fall with my face over a logg in ye chimney corner. Bruised much upon & about my right eye, also hurt my hand and knee. July 6. Heard of ye death of Dr. Mather, an old friend and acquaint- ance ever since I was young. A good and faithful servant of Jesus Christ, I believe, aged 79. 1786. Jan. 1. Extremely cold and ye administration of ye Sacrament was put by. I preached, but was overcome in ye last prayer, so yt I had like to have fainted away. Could hardly get out of ye pulpit and into my house without falling. Was unable to attend Pub. wor. to officiate, p. m., & ye congregation dismissed. April 27. Died Andrew Beatty, age 74. Dec. 11. Roads so blocked up with snow yt they could not bury Isaiah Spaulding, & exceeding cold. 792 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Dec. 24. Lord's Day. Very stormy, but one exercise. Desire of ye Town that there be but one until March next. 1787. Jan. 7. My son ye Col. published to Mrs. Mary Montfort. Jan. 17. Confusion by reason of Soldiers collecting here, going out against ye Insurgents. 25. My son Ebenezer Bridge & Mary Montfort were married. May the Lord bless em. 29. Very much unwell all day. Sent at night for Doctor Hurd, Dr. Harrington having rnarched yesterday with ye soldiers to Lancaster & so to Worcester, with a view to suppress ye Rebels under a Vile fellow named Shays in Hampshire County. [There was then no County of Worcester.] Feb. 8. Discoursed with young Andrew Betty in danger of being se- duced by ye Baptists. 11. Mr. Smith preached. [Mr. Bridge being unwell. 1 12. Mr. Smith engaged by the Selectmen to preach 4 Sabbaths to come. April 9. Many thots in my mind this day on acct. of wt. occurred to me in providence, four years ago this day, viz., ye death & departure of my dear & beloved wife, who is still fresh in my mind, & I hope always will be, as long as I live. 21. Great fire at Boston last evening. May 13. Lord's Day. Rain all day. A very thin meeting. I was obliged by reason of ye meeting house its leaking to preach in ye pew all day. 22. Took a walk into ye ministry. [The glebe or minister's land.] 27. Lord's day. I preached all day from I Jno. 5.21. Read Jer. 26; Jno. 10. After Service, a. m., informed ye congregation that it was ye thot of many among us yt yr Contribution proposed us on ye last Lord's Day shod be postponed to some future, reasonable time on acct. of ye great scarcity of money. June 24. Lord's Day. Brush fire in N. W. part of town disturbed meeting. July 5. Lord's day. omitted reading p. m. by reason of ye heat. [He reads Channing's "Salvation for All Men," and Jolinson against Channing.] 31. Worried greatly in my wordly affairs. Meet with a great many hardships & contradictions fm all around me. O that I had inward strength courage & fortitude — & yt I might be patient & submissive under trials fm em whose salvation I long after. Aug. 14. Rev. Mr. Waters of Goffstown visited me. 15. A very fine plentiful rain today. Sept. 19. A very great storm of rain & wind, & held all day, & till toward morning. I am afraid of hearing of much damage. 29. Attended ye funeral of my daughter-in-law [wife of son Ebenezer]. Rev. Mr. Cummings prayed. The pall-holders were Col. Thompson, Major Minot, Esq. Barron, Jona. Williams, Dr. Harrington & Dr. Hurd. Oct. 11. A Grand Muster of ye Regiment. Eleven companies together with ye train of Artillery. The Lieut. Governr. gave me a visit. He went with ye regiment upon ye field, the place of parade about a mile & half off & ate what dinr. he ate there. Then came back to my house. I expected a number of ministers & others to have dined with us — but almost all went upon ye parade. Jno. White, Esq. of Billerica & a young preacher, Mr. Remington dined with us, & after dinr. Rev. Mr. Barnard came and refreshed himself at my table, then went off. Mr. Smith, preacher, came to see us, but dined at my sons, but spent eveng. & lodged with us. Genl. Brooks, & Col. Tyler, Brigadier Woods, Majr. Hall & a number of other officers & gentlemen gave me ye visit in ye eveng. The Regiment made a fine appearance — were greatly applauded for their good behavior. All things were conducted with great regularity & order and thro' Divine goodness, no accident. 12. Genl. Brooks & ye other gentlemen, as yesterday, & Mr. James Winthrop gave me a short visit after breakfast & then took leave of me. Nov. 7. Short visit to Mr. Samll. Pitts, having come with his family to live in late Col. Stoddard's house. [Mrs. Stoddard going to Lancaster.] EA RL Y MINIS TERS, PH Y SI CI A NS AND LAW YERS 793 Nov. 24. Death of Widow Mary Barker [late from Boston at Saml. Pitts.] Dec. 28. Reading Adams' book upon Government. 1788. Feb. 8. Much talk about ye Constitution of Government. Its being adopted by a vote of ye Convention, wch has been sitting at Boston just four weeks yesterday. 13. Mr. Aikins, preacher, has a call to Dracut — discoursed with him on Theological principles, and find him such a one as far as he can who will spin cobwebs out of his own brain. April 7. Town meeting. Voted for Saml. Adams to be Lieut. Governor. May 11. Lord's Day. Foul day, ye pulpit very damp, being wett by rain. July 3. [His good friend & benefactor Col. John Cummings of Concord died at Mr. Bridge's house, aged 60.] 1789. March 27, Madam Margaret Stoddard, widow of Col. Sampson Stoddard, died at Lancaster, March 25 and was buried this day in Chelmsford, age 79. (Brought to Mr. Bridge's house at his desire.) Her "paul holders" were Col. Thompson, Oliver Barron, Esq., Capt. Stevens, Deacon Goold, Deacon Chamberlain & Mr. Saml. Pitts.] "Very decent funeral — a great many pple." Aug. 8. When I went to bed, was taken, up stairs, with some sort of fit,& fell down & broke my collar-bone, right side & was insensible for a while. 9. Lord's day. Very ill & in pain. 16. Lord's day. Obliged to keep house — in much pain. 23. Was enabled to go to meeting & preach all day. Sept. 15. Town meeting to settle ye affair of building a meeting house. 1790. Jan. 30. Dorothy Williams died, aged 100, wanting 10 or 20 days. July 17. P. M. a great storm, rain & hail, thunder & lightning. Wind. Which did a great deal of damage — but thro Divine goodness, the lives of pple. preserved. The hail ye biggest yt I ever saw. My windows with those of others greatly broken. Rie & Corn & trees & other things greatly damaged. Nov. 7. Lord's Day. Unwell. Could not go out. No pub. meeting here nor in several of ye neighboring towns. 28. Lord's Day stormy, cold blustering, meeting house windows broken much. I did not go out — so there was no meeting. Dec. 7. Very cold yet. 12. Lord's Day. Very stormy, rainy day. Meeting house very wett. No public meeting. 16. Very snowy, stormy day & cold. [This continued through the month, and he was unwell.] 1791. Jan. 25. Taken very ill. 26. Dr. Harrington blooded me. 30. Lord's day. Kept house, ill — no pub. meeting. [He prayed in his own house at funerals. No public meeting for several Sundays. Then Mr. Goggin preached: and Mr. Lawrence.] April 10. Preached all day. May. 15. Pulpit wet: omitted reading. Tune 15. Isaac Chamberlain's blacksmith shop burned. 16. Had a fall. 17. Lord's day. Omitted reading: pulpit wett & damp. July 2. In a very poor, indifferent frame. Aug. 19. Rev. Mr. Cotton lodged here. 21. Rev Mr. Cotton preached for me. Oct. 16. I went to meeting. Sang and prayed & sang again, but was afraid to stay to preach, the pulpit being so wett & damp by reason of rain. 18. Military muster here. A great deal of Company & confusion. 19. Company who tarried with us last night to ye number of half a dozen, went off before dinner, which caused me to be very thankful. 23. Lord's day. No pub. meeting here, meeting house so wett cold & damp. 794 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Nov. 7. Town voted to build a meeting house. Dec. 11. Preached with difficulty. My eyesight failing me. 1792. Jan 19. A very great snow storm. 23. Excessive cold weather. March 30. Went out a little while to see ye workman on ye timber for ye new meeting house. April 2. Voted in town meeting for Mr. Hancock for Governor & Sam Adams for Lieut. Governor. 3. The carpenters began to pull down ye old meeting house. Worked all day. 7. Finished ye pulling down of ye old meeting house without hurt or damage. 8. Lord's day. I preached all day in Esq. Barron's chamber. 15. No meeting, unwell, much in pain. 20. Very ill. Had a fall after prayer in ye evening. 22. Preached all day. May 21. A good deal troubled with family dissensions & difficulties. 30. Thoughts were a good deal upon old times. June 3. All ye week in confusion on acct. of ye Raising a New Meet- ing House. It was begun on Wednesday, but not finished before Saturday, p. m. Overrun with company by day & by night. Lord's day. 111. 25. Nothing but illness & weakness. 26. ditto. 27. \ 90 I oq \ the same. 30! ) No preaching all this month. Visited by children & others but confined in bed. Aug. 12. Mr. Coggin preached. 19. Rev. Mr. Cummings preached in exchange with Mr. Coggin. The Rev. Ebenezer Bridge died Oct. 1, 1792, in his 77th year. THE REV. HEZEKIAH PACKARD. Allen says: The third house of Worship, begun in 1792, was nearly finished ; but there was none to minister at its altar. Divine Providence prepared them a man after his own heart, and sent him unto them in the fulness of the blessings of the gospel of peace. The Rev. Hezekiah Packard was ordained pastor of the Church in Chehnsford, Oct. 16, 1793, having accepted the invitation given by the Town and Church. He was given £200 as a settlement and £100 annually. Dr. Cushing of Waltham delivered the charge. Joseph Willard, President of Harvard University preached the ordination sermon, which was printed. His own Thanksgiving sermon, "A Plea of Patriotism," preached at Chelmsford, 1795, and two discourses on Federal Republicanism, preached at Chelmsford and Concord in 1799 were printed. He was bom Dec. 6, 1761, at North Bridgewater, Mass., the son of Jacob, son of Solomon, son of Zaccheus, son of Samuel, who came from Wymondham, Norfolk County, England. Nov. 23, 1796, he married Mary, daughter of the Rev. Alpheus Spring. He died in Salem, April 25, 1849. 1 EARLY MINISTERS, PHYSICIANS AND LAWYERS 795 The battle of Bunker Hill greatly excited his patriotic feel- ings, and although only thirteen and a half years old, (but large for his age) was appointed fifer by the captain of the militia. The captain soon enlisted and the young fifer went with him to Boston. He v/as in the battle of Harlem Heights, where his brother Asa was wounded, and was for some time sick in the hos- pital. He saw General Washington take command of the Army, under the elm tree in Cambridge, and was so stricken with awe at the sight of the General, that he forgot to take off his hat. An extended account of his experiences may be found in "Recollec- ions of a Long Life," by Joseph Packard, D. D. The official record of his services is as follows : Packard, Hezekiah, Bridgewater. Private, Capt. John Porter's co., Col. Paul Dudley Sargent's regt.; Company return dated Camp before Boston, Oct. 6, 1775; reported enlisted into another company; also, Fifer, Capt. Edward Cobb's co.. Col. Titcomb's regt.; service 2 mos. 4j days (also given 2 mos.); Company marched from Bridgewater and Abington to Bristol, R. I., April 21, 1777; also list of men mustered in Plymouth Co. by James Hatch, Muster Master, to serve until Jan. 1, 1779; Capt. Nathan Packard's co.; residence, Bridgewater; engaged for town of Bridgewater; also, Fifer, Capt. Joseph Cole's co.. Col. John Jacob's regt.; engaged Jime 6, 1778; service 6 mos., 27 days, at Rhode Island; engagement to expire Jan. 1, 1779; also 10th CO., Plymouth Co. regt. ; list of men who performed tours of duty; said Packard credited with 5 mos. service at Cambridge; also with 12 mos. service at York. For a time he cultivated his farm, after his father's death in 1777. He entered Harvard College in 1783, and had as class- mates Samuel Putnam, later a Justice of the Supreme Court of Massachusetts, and John Quincy Adams, who frequently mentions Packard in his Diary ("Life in a New England Town"). Adams writes of him in 1787; "He has a good share of original wit; but his genius is not uncommon; his improvements are greater than those of the students in general, but not such as to place him in the first rank of scholars. As a speaker he is too much addicted to a monotony, whatever his declamations are. His disposition is good, and his moral character is unimpeachable." He gradu- ated in 1787; was principal of a grammar school in Cambridge. He was tutor in Mathematics at Harvard for four years from 1789. His pastorate in Chelmsford closed July 29, 1802, when he went to Wicasset, Maine, and was pastor there until 1830. He then came to Middlesex Village where he remained pastor until 1836. For seventeen 3^ears he was a trustee of Bowdoin College, and for ten years Vice President. He originated the Bible Society in Lincoln, Maine, and the Evangelical Society. He published the Christian's Manual in 1801. After leaving Middlesex Village he resided with his children at Saco and Brunswick, Maine, and Salem, in this State. 796 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD For five years Dr. Packard rented a part of Samuel Page Hadley's house in Middlesex Village, and lived there with his daughter Sarah and Lukey Dixon, a servant, who died in 1832. Judge Hadley says : A great sorrow fell upon him while he resided under our roof, and this was the death (by consumption) of his youngest son, William, a youth of seventeen years, a member of the Sophomore class in Bowdoin College, a child of rare promise. I have often heard him speak with deep emotion of the loss of this dear son, and in his visits to our home it was his invariable custom, once at least, during his stay, to enter alone the room in which William had died, close the door, and engage in long and earnest prayer. To him this room, as he assured us, seemed a "sacred and hallowed place." (Address at the Centennial Cele- bration of the Chelmsford Social Library, 1894.) Dr. Packard was a scholar and a gentleman of refined manners and high char- acter, a fine type of the clergyman of his day. Tall and erect, of commanding figure, with black eyes, strong and benevolent features, dignified and courteous in manner, he was of striking personality. His conversation was full of anecdote, interesting and delightful, with a playful humor. He was very fond of chil- dren. Mr. Packard loved good books and delighted in their refining and improving companionship, and himself embodied the grace and culture created and fostered by good literature. In 1794 he was instnimental in establishing the Chelmsford Social Library. "Having communicated his intention and obtained a sufficient ntmiber of subscribers, on the 6th of January, 1794, a meeting was called and the society was organized." The library was incorpo- rated in Jan., 1812 under the name "Proprietors of the Social Library, in the Town of Chehnsford." Allen estimated its value at about one thousand dollars, and says it contained three hun- dred and fifty books, including "Rees's Cyclopaedia, the most valuable and expensive work ever printed in this country." There were then about eighty members, and the shares were worth three dollars and fifty cents. For nearly one hundred years the books were kept at the houses of the successive librarians, then they found a place in the Town Hall until the Adams Library was built, when they became a part of the public institution. The Social Library organized at Billerica in 1772 was the first of its kind in Massachusetts. Mr. Packard built and occupied the residence long known as the David A. Bussell house. In 1798, Mr. Packard requested the Town to make up the depreciation which had taken place in his salary since his settle- ment. This request when it came before the Town was dismissed without much discussion and without even referring it to a com- mittee to consider and report thereon. At a subsequent Town meeting in December, 1798 it was voted to add £20 to Mr. I EARLY MINISTERS, PHYSICIANS AND LAWYERS 797 Packard's salary yearly, for six years; but at the next meeting in March, 1799, it was voted to reconsider the grant of £20; which therefore was not assessed, until it was found to be recoverable by a suit at law. In 1802 an arrangement was made for Mr. Packard's dismission. It was agreed to allow him for the depre- ciations of his salary and betterments made on the ministerial land over and above the receipts, and July 5, 1802, his ministerial relation was dissolved. His valedictory sermon was preached Aug. 1, 1802, from Romans XV., 1, 2, 3. [Allen.] Mr. Packard's letters to his former parishioners are full of deep, earnest and wise counsel, are expressive of a broad, catholic spirit, and breathe love to God and man. Intimacy with him elevated and ennobled. He passed the six years at Middlesex pleasantly, and decided to resign on account of infirm health. Oct. 31, 1836 he wrote: Yesterday I took leave of the Church at the table of Communion and at the throne of heavenly grace. There was quite a respectable assembly. The choir performed quite unexpectedly "Alps" from the Boston Academy, beginning "Once more before we part." I was gratified and grateful. At Wiscasset he was principal of an academy. He says : For many years at Wiscasset, I performed double duty as much as one man could, and was up early and late and ate the bread of care- fulness (Graham was not at that time known) and broke in upon a good constitution. In 1839, he walked some and sawed wood daily. Mr. Packard was one of those strong men who, to quote his own words, "occupied the middle grounds which are situated in the temperate zone of theology and who do not feel themselves pledged to any party." His son. Professor A. S. Packard says (Sprague's Annals, Am. Pulpit): He was in full sympathy with nearly every feature of what is commonly called the Evangelical system. ... He halted at the commonly received doctrine of the Trinity, and did not like to employ the expressions "Co- equal" and "Co-eternal," or to speak of the Son as really and truly God, but spoke of Him as "The Almighty Saviour," and "Emman- uel, God with us." In a sermon preached in the Unitarian Church, Dec. 30, 1877, the Rev. J. J. Twiss, acting pastor, said: When the church in Middlesex Village was formed, it was understood to be a Liberal Christian Church, and Rev. Mr. Packard, its first minister, was supposed to be a representative of that denomination, or to be substantially a Unitarian in his religious convictions. But after his installation as pastor, his sympathies and inclinations developed in an opposite direction, and he became fully identified with the Orthodox Congregationalists. He much disliked religious controversy, and quotes Arch- bishop Wake: "In religious disputes every good man would desire the office of a peacemaker rather than of a litigant & account it a greater honor, as well as happiness, upon any reasonable terms to put an end to a debate, than to obtain a victory. For victory, 798 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD whatever other circumstances it might have to recommend it, would want this, without which all the rest would be of little value, that the breach continues; the brother is not gained; & so religion suffers, tho' the particular matter in dispute should never be clearly & solidly prov'd or determined." He wrote at Wiscasset in 1829: "I consider myself a Bible Christian & hold middle ground between the fires of controversy. It is I think my prayerful aim to preach Christ & him crucified." Towards the end of his life he returned more and more to what is called the orthodox theology. He disliked "the extrava- gances of the liberals" and he thought the publications of the Calvinists "teemed with misrepresentations & errours." He deprecated revivals as tending to make the stated and ordinary means of religion less effectual, and leading people to consider religion a possession which may be obtained at once and separate from the feelings, affections and pursuits of domestic and social life. He was not at all inclined towards Universalism. Oct. 26, 1830, at Middlesex he wrote: "Since I have been here I took a ride with a friend to call on Mr. Allen, my successor in the old parish, and we found him engaged in funeral solemnities. He was in the pulpit, when we entered the sanctuary, reading to his mourning friends and their sympathizing neighbors on the Resurrection. I soon found the person deceased was an old parishioner. I joined the procession with my friend and it did seem like a dream that I should walk through the passes in the same burying ground as I did 30 years ago, marking inscriptions in memory of some who were then in full health and vigor. The scene was impressive and led me to reflexions adapted to quicken me in my labors and urge me to work while it is day." He took great satisfaction in recalling the fact that his old classmate, President Adams, used to take his arm and walk with him in the procession of Alumni at the Harvard Commencement. His wife was a lovable. Christian woman, who for thirty-five years made him a good helpmate. His last days were peaceful and beautiful. He was buried at Wicasset. The Assembly's Catechism had fallen into disuse in Mr. Packard's time, and he published one of his own in 1706, recom- mended by several neighboring ministers for "one obvious excel- lence," that "it meets all denominations on harmonious ground," and "is calculated to promote union." To this was appended "a part of Dean Swift's sermon on Sleeping at Church, with some alterations." Besides the Catechism and Manual already mentioned Dr. Packard's publications were: A Thanksgiving Sermon on Federal Republicanism, preached at Chelmsford in 1795. EARLY MINISTERS, PHYSICIANS AND LAWYERS 799 A Sermon at the Ordination of Andrew Beattie, a native of Chelmsford, (Harvard, 1795) who was ordained over the Church in SaHsbury, June 28, 1797. Two Fast Sermons, preached at Chelmsford and Concord in 1799. A Sermon on the Interment of Mrs. Betsy Wood. A Sermon at the Ordination of Thomas Cochran at Camden, Maine, in 1805. Two Sermons on Infant Baptism, at Wiscasset in 1815. Dedicatory Address at the Opening of the Female Academy of Augusta, in 1816. He received his A. B. and A. M. degrees at Harvard, the latter in course. He received the degree of S.T.D. at the Harvard Divinity School. In 1818 he received from Harvard the honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity. Hezekiah and Mary Packard had eight children: 1798. Alpheus Spring, Professor of Greek and Acting-President of Bowdoin College, and the author of numerous books. He was born in Chelms- ford. Longfellow, who was his pupil, tenderly alludes to him in "Morituri Salutamus." 1801. Charles, a teacher and lawyer in Brunswick, Maine. He was a Congregational minister in Ohio, in Lancaster, Mass., and Biddeford, Maine. 1803. George, a successful physician, afterwards ordained in the Epis- copal Church, and was for thirty years Rector of Grace Church, Lawrence. Hezekiah, studied medicine and became a teacher in Portland, Maine. He was later connected with educational interests in New York. 1812. Joseph, an Episcopal clergyman, for nearly sixty years connected with the Theological seminary at Alexandria, Virginia, as Professor and Dean of that institution. He was one of the American Committee on the revision of the Bible, 1872-1884. 1816. William, who died a sophomore in college, a young man of high character and a religious mind. His grave is in Forefathers' Cemetery. Their daughters, who came between Hezekiah and Joseph, were: Sarah S., who on her mother's death in 1829, took charge of her father's family, and later that of her brother Alpheus. Mary, Mrs. Jonathan Tucker of Salem. THE REV. WILKES ALLEN. ^The Rev. Wilkes Allen was the son of *Elnathan, son of 'Israel, son of ^Elnathan, son of ^Elnathan, all of Shrewsbury. He was bom July 10, 1775, the youngest but one of twelve chil- dren; the exception being a brother named Liberty. John Wilkes was a prominent member of the English Parliament, and a zealous friend of the Colonies during the Revolutionary struggle. "Wilkes and liberty" was a favorite political cry on both sides of the Atlantic, and the enthusiastic father perpetuated it by thus naming his boys. Wilkes learned the carpenter's trade, and then fitted for col- lege at Phillips Academy. He entered Harvard in 1797, aged twenty-two. During his vacations he taught school, and gradu- ated in 1801, on which occasion he delivered a poem. He had previously composed others. He played the base viol, and taught 800 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD singing in his schools. He studied divinity with Dr. Increase Sumner, his pastor in Shrewsbury, who preached his ordination sermon in Chelmsford, Nov. 16, 1803, which was printed. He also studied with the Rev. Dr. Harris of Dorchester. Nov. 13, 1805, he married Mary Morrill, daughter of Deacon James Morrill of Boston. She died in 1864. Their chil- dren who reached maturity were : James Morrill, Charles Hastings, Wilkes, John Clark, and Nathaniel Glover. The latter became an Episcopal clergyman who frequently officiated in All Saints' parish, Chelmsford, and presented the church with a silver plated communion service in memory of his father and mother. He died in 1889. Their children, Israel, Mary and Sarah died in infancy. Mr. Allen was short in stature, rather thick set and in this latter years was bald. "He was grave and dignified," says his grandson, "as was usual with persons of such authority as the country parson of those days. I have been told that he was a rather dull preacher; but I suspect that this also was usual, when ministers were settled for life, and in the lack of books and intel- lectual society and the pressure of many cares and duties, were likely to become intellectually rusty." "During the week he toiled on the 'ministerial lands' to eke out his small salary of $500 and during part of the year he taught a private school in his own house, in which he fitted boys for college. It was prob- ably at the time of his marriage that he bought the house the Rev. Mr. Packard, his predecessor, had built." He was active on the Town School Committee. Mr. Allen slowly modified the Calvanistic and Trinitarian theology which he accepted when he entered the ministry. He went perhaps a step further than his predecessor. In the early days the leaders of the liberal wing of the Congregationalists were conservative, or would be so considered today. They made the inevitable protest against the Calvinistic teaching. Many of the "liberals," like Dr. Dalton in Chelmsford, could say they believed the Apostles' Creed, believed in Father, Son and Holy Ghost, and accepted Christ as the Saviour, but stumbled at the doctrine of the Trinity as coinmonly presented. Mr. Allen was conservative in temper, but sympathized with the new theology of his time. About the middle period of his ministry here the break came between the liberals and conserva- tives among the Congregationalists, and Mr. Allen took the liberal side and kept most of his people with him. He was what was then called a "high Arian," that is, he did not hold to the Athanasian dogma of the equality, in all respects, of Christ with the Father, and yet regarded Christ as a being who was above all other created beings. The writer was once shown a Prayer Book catechism by one of Mr. Allen's old parishioners, which she said he used in instructing the children. EARLY MINISTERS, PHYSICIANS AND LAWYERS SOI He was a zealous and honored Mason, and attained the highest honors of the craft. July 1, 1806, he was commissioned Chaplain of the Third Regiment, Second Brigade, Third Division, and was honorably discharged August 8, 1814. September 8, 1823, a sermon was preached by Wilkes Allen, A. M., at the interment of the Rev. Henry Cummings, D. D., of Billerica, of which two editions were printed. A Thanksgiving sermon by him on Divine Favors Gratefully Recollected, preached in 1810, was printed. In 1820 four hundred copies of Mr. Allen's History of Chelms- ford were printed at the expense of the Town. It is an octavo volume of 192 pages, and has the distinction, aside from its value as a record, of being the first town history of the dignity of a "volimie" to be printed in this country. Farmer's Memoirs of Billerica, a pamphlet of thirty-six pages was printed in 1816. Allen was considerably indebted to Farmer in the preparation of the Chelmsford history. He records in 1813, that Mrs. Baldwin, Rhoda Parker and others gave $49 to pay for new furnishings for the pulpit, etc., and also $27 for the purchase of a new suit of clothes, presumedly for himself. When he left Chelmsford, his wife had inherited considerable property, and he bought a pleasant estate in what is now North Andover where he spent the remaining twelve years of his life, doing some farming and actively interested in local affairs. He was fond of singing and organized a "Hallelujah Club," for the practice of Church music. He died at North Andover, December 2, 1845, in consequence of injuries caused by a fall in his barn. He is buried in the old burying ground at Chelmsford, with his wife and several children. His grandson. Rev. Charles A. Allen, preached a memorial sermon at Chelmsford, on the one hundredth anniversary of his grandfather's ordination. PHYSICIANS AND LAWYERS. In the following notices of the early physicians and lawyers of Chelmsford, Allen's list has been used and also that of H. S. Perham in Hurd's County History, to which has been added such other information as could be obtained and briefly stated. In the early days, Samuel Adams and the Rev. John Fiske employed their knowledge of the therapeutic art in the relief of their neighbors, but for nearly a century there is no record of a regular physician practicing in Chelmsford. In 1674, a Doctor Read is named in a deposition relating to his agreement to cure Hannah, daughter of Solomon Keyes. "He looked on her" and said "he well knew what she ailed, and 802 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD he said further he would cure her for four shilHngs and six pence in money, if her father would bring her to his house to help his wife in nursing three or four weeks." Dr. Anthony Emery, A. M., graduated from Harvard in 1736, and commenced practice in 1740. In 1748, Samuel King, M. D., came from Littleton. He married Hannah Richardson in 1751, and several children were bom to them. He afterwards removed to Chesterfield, N. H. In Bridge's diary there is mention of a Dr. Rice, who came here as a practitioner in 1762; also of a Dr. Hurd. Dr. Jonas Marshall commenced practice in 1765. His residence was that of the late Mr. C. W. Byam, on the south slope of Robin's hill. A magnificent elm, standing beside this house, was brought by the doctor on horseback from his later home in Fitchburg. He was long remembered as an active man and suc- cessful practitioner. In 1776 his wife and two daughters died of small pox, which was communicated by a soldier returning from the war, to whom they had afforded hospitality. Their bodies were the first interred in the South Chelmsford Cemetery. He removed to Fitchburg in 1783. Dr. Nehemiah Abbott went from Lexington to Andover and came from Andover in 1770. He occupied the house which has long been known as the "ark," at the comer of Acton and Bartlett Streets. He died July 13, 1785. Dr. Walter Hastings graduated from Harvard, 1771; com- menced practice in 1776; died November 29, 1782, aged thirty. Dr. Timothy Harrington, a graduate of Harvard, 1776; came here in 1782. His residence was that now owned by Gilbert Wright. He died February 26, 1802, aged forty-eight. Dr. John Betty was a native of the Town. He was a soldier in the Revolution. He began practice in 1792. His residence was that of the late B. O. Robbins, near the South Chelmsford Cemetery. Dr. Ichabod Gibson, from Lunenburg, commenced practice in 1792. He built and occupied what is now the residence of Charles E. Bartlett. He died May 10, 1810. Dr. Matthias (or Mattathias) Spaulding, a son of Colonel Simeon Spaulding, was bom June 25, 1769; graduated Harvard, 1798, and commenced practice in 1802. He removed to Amherst. N. H., in 1805. He died, aged 96. Dr. Oliver Scripture, from New Ipswich, N. H., commenced practice in 1807. His residence was upon the site of the house now occupied by J. A. Hoyt, on South Street. He removed to Hollis, N. H., in 1818. Dr. Rufus Wyman was born in Woburn, Mass., July 16, 1778. He graduated from Harvard College in 1799. He studied medicine under the direction of Dr. John Jeffries. The following degrees were conferred upon him by Harvard: A. M. and M. D. EARLY MINISTERS, PHYSICIANS AND LAWYERS 80:i in 1804, M. M. S. in 1811, and later A. A. S. He settled in Chelms- ford in 1805. His residence was the house later occupied by Timothy Adams, upon the Billerica road, the site of the High vSchool built in 1916. Dr. Wyman gained so high a reputation in the profession that when the McLean Asylum for the Insane was started in Charlestown (now Somerville) he was chosen, March 28, 1818, as its first superintendent and physician. The appointment ])roved a fortunate one. Notwithstanding the popular prejudice then existing against hospitals of that kind, the number of patients presented for treatment constantly increased, as well as generous contributions for the support of the institution. He resigned his position in 1835. His death occiured in Roxbury, June 22, 1842. When Dr. Wyman removed from Chelmsford, to accept the appointment of superintendent of the McLean Asylum at Charles- town, a public meeting of the citizens was called to express their high esteem and respect for Dr. Wyman and to request him to appoint a successor. He complied with their wish and introduced Dr. John C. Dalton to the people of Chelmsford. In making this choice he displayed his characteristic sagacity, and laid the people under further obligations of gratitude to him. Dr. Dalton was bom in Boston, May 31, 1795. He entered Harvard College in 1810, where he acquired scholarly tastes which he retained through life. He received his degree of M. D. from Cambridge in 1818. Dr. Dalton lived while in Chelmsford at what is now called the "syndicate farm," the home of Simeon Spaulding, whose granddaughter he married. He was a gentleman of accomplished manners and an ardent lover of his profession. After thirteen years' practice he removed to Lowell, in 1831. During his residence of nearly thirty years in that cit}'^ he occupied an honored position both as a physician and citizen. He died in Boston, Jan. 9, 1864. Dr. Paul Kittredge, one of a famous famil\^ of doctors, succeeded to the practice of Dr. Dalton, coming to Chelmsford from Littleton in 1831. He was a son of Dr. Benj. Kittredge. of Tewksbury, where he was born Aug. 29, 1784. He studied with his uncle, Dr. Jesseniah Kittredge, of Walpole, N. H. He took his degree, was admitted to the Massachusetts Medical Society, and then began the practice of his profession at Littleton, Mass., in 1810, where he remained until he came to Chelmsford in 1831. Dr. Kittredge built and occupied the residence of the late Adams Emerson, Esq., now owned and occupied by Erving W. Sweetser, Town Treasurer. He had an extensive practice, and was often called, especially in cases of surgery, far beyond the usual circle of his practice. He had a family of fourteen children, four of whom were physicians. One of these, Francis M. Kittredge, who built Dr. Howard's residence, was familiarly known as 804 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Doctor Frank. He was a graduate of Dartmouth College. He was associated with his father for several years, and upon the death of the latter, Aug. 10, 1845, succeeded to the practice. In 1848, he disposed of his interests in Chelmsford to Levi Howard, M. D., and removed to Lowell. He died in California, Feb. 13, 1878. Dr. Nathan B. Edwards was born in Westford, Mass., Jan. 3, 1820. He was educated at Groton Academy, studied medicine with Dr. Elisha Huntington, of Lowell, and received the degree of M. D., from the Berkshire Medical Institute in 1844. The year following he settled in practice at North Chelmsford. It is not too much to say that no person in Chelmsford was ever held in more imiversal respect than Dr. Edwards. Not- withstanding the somewhat exacting duties of his profession, movements for the educational, moral, religious, political or material interests of the people ever found in him an earnest supporter. He filled, at one time or another, almost every position to which his townsmen could elect him. He died June 12, 1893. Dr. John C. Bartlett was bom in Charlestown, Mass., Oct. 5, 1808, and graduated from Bowdoin College, Maine, in 1828. Having decided upon the medical profession, he studied with Dr. Thompson, of Charlestown, and attended lectures at Har\^ard University, graduating in 1831. He soon after settled in Chelms- ford, where he continued in practice nearly forty-six years. His mother and the mother of Dr. Dal ton were cousins. These two physicians received their name from Dr. John Call, an eminent physician of Charlestown. Dr. Bartlett entered upon his work with the veiy best preparatory training. His standard of pro- fessional honor was high, and he never neglected a call of duty. Quackery or imposition of any kind gained his decided opposition. Although of a somewhat aristocratic bearing, he was one of the kindest of neighbors, and a man universally respected for the uprightness of his life. He possessed fine musical tastes, and was for many years chorister of the Unitarian Society. He was active in the cause of temperance and interested in education. He held the position of president of the board of trustees of Westford Academy for many years. He died Jan. 13, 1877, aged seventy-two. The esteem in which he was held by his medical associates was expressed in a series of resolutions adopted by the Medical Society. Dr. Levi Howard was bom in Bolton, Massachusetts, May 26, 1820; was educated at Worcester and Bridgeton Academy, Maine; studied with Dr. Lewis W. Houghton, of Waterford, Me., and was graduated from the Dartmouth Medical College in 1846. He began practice at Stillriver, Mass., where he remained two years before coming to Chelmsford. Dr. Howard proved to be a worthy successor to the long line of successful Chelmsford physicians. He was thoroughly devoted to his profession, and possessed of keen EARLY MINISTERS, PHYSICIANS AND LAWYERS 80o discernment and powers of observation which did not allow the slightest symptoms to escape unnoticed ; these qualities, combined with sound judgment, self-reliance and devotion to his patients, gained him the full confidence of the community, and he was re- warded by a wide and lucrative practice, which included not only Chelmsford, but all the adjacent towns. This he retained to the close of his life. In physique he was large and powerful, with that personal magnetism bom of robust health, quick sensibilities and ready tact. His mind was active and well developed in other fields beside the professional, and he was a lover of literature and music; in the latter he excelled, and his skill with the violin was of a high order. He practiced his profession to within a week of his death, which occurred Jan. 23, 1885, and was succeeded in practice by his son, Amasa Howard, M. D., who began to practice in 1882, and continues to do so. Dr. Charles Toothaker practiced for a time in Chelmsford, and was married here Dec. 13, 1841, to Eliza Perry of Methuen. Other physicians who have practiced at the Centre Village are Dr. Edward H. Chamberlain, from 1884 to 1903, with an interval of two years, and Dr. John H. Nichols, from Julv, 1892, to July, 1893. Dr. S. W. Pike followed Dr. N. B. Edwards at the North Village, and in turn was succeeded in Aug., 1894, by Dr. Fred E. Vamey, who practices there at the present time. Dr. James J. Hoban is also located in the North Village. Dr. Willard C. Cummings was for a time at the West Village. Dr. Arthur G. Scoboria began to practice in the Centre Village in Aug., 1897, and still continues. Dr. W. E. Buck practiced here for a few months in 1915. EARLY LAWYERS. In the early days the Clerk of the writs probably drew up legal papers, and later the Minister or other scholarly man, prepared such documents. Previous to the growth of so many manufacturing towns in the State, Chelmsford occupied a position of much greater relative importance than it does today. This is shown by the character of the men who were attracted to it as a place for the practice of the professions. As far as known, Chelmsford's, earliest lawyer was Oliver Fletcher, bom here, Sept. 10, 1708. See page 549. He graduated from Harvard in 1735. He was a man of high character, and received many honors at the hands of his fellow- townsmen. He was town clerk, selectman and assessor. He died Nov. 30, 1771. See Bridge's Diary, that date. The following notice was printed in the Boston Gazette of Monday, Dec. 9, 1771 : "Died at Chelmsford the first Instant, Oliver Fletcher. Esq; He had his education at Harvard College: took his Degrees in 1735 & 806 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD 1738, has been many years a Justice of the Peace for the County of Middlesex and Quorum Unus : He was a Councellor in the Law, and, for some years a Member of the House of Representatives, in all which he sustained a good Character and Reputation. He has left a sorrowful Wife & a young Daughter; and his Death is lamented by his Friends a Acquaintances, and is a publick Loss." A few items from his account book will be found at the end of this voltune. In January, 1772, Stephen Scales, A. M., settled in Town to engage in the practice of the law. What promised to be a brilliant career was suddenly cut short by death, November 5th of the same year. Mr. Bridge records : "This morning died very suddenly Stephen Scales, at the house of Sampson Stoddard; he had been confined with the measles, was able to walk about the house, but took cold, seized with an apoplectic attack, fell out of his chair and died in a few minutes. He was Tutor at Harvard Coll., since studied law & was a prac- titioner in the business, a man of strong power of mind, a great scholar, & very considerable lawyer for his age & the time he hath practiced; he bid fair to be a very useful and serviceable as well as honorable man in life, but at once is at an end as to this life & world, an affecting stroke in Providence & may the Lord sanctify it." The following high tribute to his character and talents appeared in The Massachusetts Gazette and the Boston Weekly News-Letter, Thursday, Nov. 12, 1772: "We hear from Chelmsford, that on Thursday Morning last Stephen Scales, Esq., several years a Tutor at Harvard College, but lately in the Study of the Law, was seized with a Numbness in one of his Hands, which increased so fast that he died within ten Minutes. He was a gentleman of superior Genius, improved by a thorough Acquaintance with the various Branches of Science, — faithful in the Discharge of his Duty in the College, — of strict Integrity, and exemplary Virtue — and of so great proficiency in the study of the Law that he was truly an Honor to the Profession into which he had entered." His tombstone, upon which is a lengthy inscription in Latin, stands at the right, and very close to, the central path in the old cemetery. See his Epitaph in Chapter XVII. Within two weeks after the death of Mr. Scales, Mr. Jonathan W^illiams Austin, a young man of great promise, just admitted to the bar, took up his residence in Town to follow the profession of the law. Bridge's diary contains the following reference to him: "Nov. 18, 1772. Mr. Jona. Williams Austin, who came into town last night, dined with me and spent the P. M.; he comes to settle with us as a Lawyer. He brought letters to me recommen- datory from Rev. Dr. Chauncy & Cooper." EARLY AflNISTERS, PHYSICIANS AND LAWYERS 807 He was bom in Boston, April 18, 1751, and j^raduated from Harvard College in 1769. He studied law in the office of John Adams, and, doubtless, had imbibed something of the patriotic fervor of that illustrious statesman, as he immediately became prominent in the agitation then going on with the mother country. He represented the Town, with Samuel Perham, as delegate to the Middlesex Convention, which met at Concord, Aug. 16, 1774, and, though then but twenty-three years of age, he was selected by the convention for the chairman of the committee to draw up the resolutions expressing the sentiments of the people upon the grave questions which confronted them. The resolutions, which were adopted by a vote of seventy-four to four, conclude with the following ringing sentences: "Our fathers left a fair inheritance to us, purchased by a waste of blood and treasure. This we are resolved to transmit equally fair to our children after us. No danger shall affright, no difficulties intimidate us; and if, in support of our rights, we are called to encounter even death, we are yet undaunted, sen- sible that he can never die too soon who lays down his life in support of the laws and liberties of his country." He showed himself to be a man of action as well as of words, for he gave his life in support of those principles so dear to him. He entered the service upon the opening of hostilities; was a major in 1775, commandant at Castle William in 1776, and died in the army to the southward in 1778 or 1779. John Wythe, A. M. — A graduate of Harvard in 1760. vSettled in Chelmsford, 1778. Afterwards removed to Lexington, and from there to Cambridge, where he died. He was a preacher before he became a lawyer. Samuel Dexter, LL. D., the statesman, who occupied, besides other high positions, that of United States Senator from Massa- chusetts, practiced law for a time in this Town, coming here in 1786. He removed to Billerica and afterwards to Charlestown. He died in the State of New. York in 1816. In 1800, Asahel Steams, A. M., opened an office at Pawtucket falls. He was bom June 17, 1774, and died Feb. 5, 1839. He was the author of a well-known treatise on Real Actions, and was profoundly versed in the Law. In 1814, he represented the dis- trict in the Congress of the United States. He removed to Charles- town in 1815, and three years later accepted the position of College Professor of Law in Harvard University. Joel Adams, A, M., was a son of Timothy Adams, of this Town. His birthplace was later known as the Sheehan place, in District 5. He graduated from Harvard College in 1805, and began the practice of law in 1808. His residence was that now occupied by his great-grandson, C. E. Bartlett. His office stood between his house and what was later Jonathan Larcom's. He was known as a sagacious counselor and shrewd man of business. He removed to Lowell, and was president of the Prescott Bank, 808 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD and was connected with other financial institutions. Later in Hfe he reUnquished the practice of his profession and again took up his residence at his old home in Chelmsford. In 1813, Nathaniel Wright, A. M., bom at Sterling, Mass., Feb. 13, 1785, entered the law office of Asahel Steams, at Paw- tucket falls. When the latter withdrew to a wider field, Wright succeeded him in business. He at once became identified with the rising fortunes of Lowell; was the chairman of its first Board of Selectmen, and later its mayor. He died November 5, 1858, aged seventy-three years. CHARLES FRANKLIN EMERSON. This may be an appropriate place to include among the professional men of Chelmsford, Charles Franklin Emerson, Dean Emeritus of Dartmouth College. He prepared for college at Westford Academy, under Mr. John D. Long, afterwards Governor of Massachusetts; and at Appleton Academy, New Ipswich, N. H. He taught school in this Town and elsewhere three years before entering Dartmouth. His record there as given in the general catalogue, is as follows : Dartmouth, Class of 1868. Emerson, Charles Franklin, A. M., Phi Beta Kappa, b. 28 Sept., 1843, Chelmsford, Mass. Tutor, 1868-72, Instr. Math., N. H. Coll. Agr. and Mech. Arts., 1868-74; Assoc. Prof. Nat. Phil, and Math., 1872-78; Instr. Astron., 1877-92; Appleton Prof. Nat. Phil., 1878-99; Dean of Acad. Faculty, 1893-1913; Fellow Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci. 1875; Life Mem. Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci. 1898; made Dean Emeritus, 1913; Mem. House of Rep., 1914-15, and 1916-17. Res. Hanover, N. H. He is a son of Owen and Louisa (Butterfield) Emerson and was born in Chelmsford, Mass., September 28, 1843. The Emerson family originated in England and has been traced back to Johannes Emeryson, who lived in County of Durham, previous to 1300. 1. The line has been traced to Thomas Emerson, born before 1540, probably son of Ralf of Foxton, who received the coat of arms in 1583. 2. Robert, son of Thomas, baptized, Oct. 25, 1561. 3. Thomas, son of Robert, baptized, July 26, 1584. 4. Joseph, son of Thomas, born in England, but died in Concord, Mass., Jan. 3, 1680. Through his son, Joseph, he was the progenitor of Ralph Waldo Emerson. 5. Edward, son of Joseph, born Apr. 26, 1670, lived for a time in Chelms- ford. 6. Edward, son of Edward, born in Chelmsford, May 8, 1702. 7. Joseph (Capt.), son of Edward, born, Sept. 13, 1731, died Nov. 22, 1792. The Emerson Homestead, adjoining the Noah Spaulding place, a half mile north of the Centre, was deeded to Capt. Joseph in 1772. 8. Owen, son of Capt. Joseph, born in Chelmsford, Oct. 3, 1773, died June 19, 1836. 9. Owen (Jun.), son of Owen, born Oct. 24, 1796, died May 2, 1873. 10. Charles Franklin, sixth child, fourth son, born Sept. 28, 1843, on the Butterfield homestead, a half mile north of the Emerson homestead referred to above (now the Frank Marshall place). He married Caroline Flagg, of North Chelmsford, in 1875. They have two daughters. EARLY MINISTERS, PHYSICIANS AND LAWYERS 809 GENEALOGY OF CAPTAIN BENJAMIN WALKER. 1. Richard, one of the first settlers of Lynn in 1630. 2. Samuel, a deacon of Woburn. 3. Joseph, made an inhabitant of Billerica in 1667. 4. Benjamin, born Oct. 29, 1686; died Aug. 2, 1750; married 1st, Dec. 15, 1712, Susanna Baldwin of Woburn; 2d, Nov. 26, 1746, Joanna Ditson. 5. Benjamin, born Jan. 23, 1715-16; died about 1755; married Oct. 2, 1739, Hannah Frost of Tewksbury. Children: 6 — Benjamin, born at Billerica, Oct. 6, 1741. William, born at Billerica, March 22, 1742-3. Said to have been a captain. Hannah, born at Billerica, March 26, 1745, Susanna, born at Billerica, Jan. 21, 1746-7. Zaccheus, born at Billerica, March 12, 1748-9. 1st Lieut., Capt. Joseph Moors's Co. Sampson, born at Billerica, April 4, 1751. Fitch's Co., Brewer's Regt. Eliakim, born at Billerica, April 1, 1753. Capt. John Trull's Co.; also Capt. Benj. Walker's Co. Hannah, died in infancy. All these brothers were in the Revolutionary Army. Sampson married Thankful Pierce of Chelmsford. 6 — Capt. Benjamin Walker married Abiel Abbott of Andover, April 4, or Aug. 4, 1763, probably daughter of Ephraim, Jr., and Hannah, and lived in that town for a time as well as in Billerica and Chelmsford. They had six children: Benjamin, born at Andover, Nov. 15, 1763. Hannah, born at Andover, July 20, 1766. Abiel, son, born at Andover, March 26, 1768. Abbott, born at Chelmsford, July 24, 1770. Ephraim, born at Chelmsford, July 22, 1772. Rhoda, born at Chelmsford, April 12, 1774. The widow of Capt. Benjamin Walker married Samuel Fitch of Acton, whose first wife was Mary Blood, by whom he had seven children. Two children were born of the second marriage. David Walker of Capt. Benjamin Walker's Company was the son of Ezekiel of Billerica, son of Benjamin, son of Joseph, son of Samuel, son of Richard. ANCESTRY OF HENRY S. PERHAM. 1. John, came from Coventry (?), England to Rehoboth, Mass., in 1640-2. 2. John, born 1633; m. Lydia Shipley, Dec. 15, 1664; was in Chelmsford, 1666. 3. Benoni, born 1676; m. Sarah Robbins. 4. Samuel, born March 4, 1715; m. Sarah Richardson, April 11, 1741. 5. Samuel, born July 25, 1756; m. Dolle Osgood, Aug. 7, 1777. 6. David, born March 20, 1784; m. Rebecca Spaulding, April 19, 1809. 7. David, born Dec. 16, 1813; m. Eleutheria Wait, Apr. 28, 1839. 8. Henry Spaulding, born Nov. 16, 1843; m. Estelle Sophia Kittredge, Nov. 27, 1866. Their children are: James C, Walter, and David. He died Feb. 25, 1906. CHAPTER XX. ANNALS. IT was purposed to make this chapter a complete chronology of Chelmsford history, but this voltime having already exceeded the limits set by imposed conditions, it has been much condensed and a large part of it has been incorporated in the foregoing chapters. It contains some facts which could not be conveniently included in the preceding pages. 1657. County Court Records. Liber I. Chenceford being pnted [presented] by the Grand Jury at the last Court, Apr. 7, '57 for not sending their votes for nominac- con of Magistrates the psentmt being called, James Parker appeared in the behalf of ye Towne, and pnted an order of the Genl. Court for ye abatemt of their fine tmto Twenty shillings, the wch the Court accepted. A similar fine was remitted to Billerica. 1658. May 26. The neck of land desired, lying within a mile and a half of Nacooke, beyond the towne of Chelmsford, &c., granted to Samuel Cole by the General Court. 1662. It was ordered that the minister shall have his main- tainance paid him twice every year — viz., on the last of March & last of September and have two lbs. of butter upon every milch cow. 1663. Inhabitants of Chelmsford petitioned for the grant of a Township at Penacook, Bouton's "Concord" page 53. John Martin of Chelmsford allowed to come yn with such persons as shall move and settle a township at Pennycook or elsewhere. 1664. The Inhabitants of Chelmsford and niimerous towns declare their good content and satisfaction in the present govern- ment. The ruling monarch was Charles II. John Evered, alias Webb, and Samuel Adams empowered to join persons in marriage in Chelmsford. 1665. The Selectmen determined a rate of 8d. pr. acre for every acre of meadow to pay for land the Town bought of the Indians. "Chelmsford. No deaths in this Towne this yeare. Blessed be the God of life. Entered here by Thomas Danforth, Recorder. " 1668. Mention is made of a road laid out this year to the place "where Mr. John Web had his ware [weir] towards Chelms- ford." [Book 3, folio 110 obverse.) ANNALS 811 1670. An order was passed by the inhabitants in town meeting, that after this date there shall be no public meeting for the granting of land, but what is appointed on some lecture day before, and notice thereof given in public after lecture, any order to the contrary notwithstanding. A road was also laid out from New^eld Gate towards Dea. Waldo's farni to Dunstable, 6 poles wide, according to town order. 1677. Ensign William Fletcher, one of the first grantees and a most distinguished character, died Nov. 6. 1680. Chelmsford was one of more than 20 towns which failed to make returns respecting the contributions to the College, and was ordered to report in Boston on Sept. 3, under penalty of £20. 1683. Corn was 2 shillings per bushel. 1691. The new charter commenced, which consolidated the Pl^-mouth, Massachusetts and Sagadahoc grants or colonies into one province. The taxation under this charter, was by single and double rates. A single rate is 12d. on the pole, Id. upon 20s. principal estate. 1696. Indian, Mulatto, and negro servants were estimated as other personal estate. 1699. May 10, To Comet Hill for transporting com to Billerica £0:8:0. 1701/2. March ye 3. The inhabitants of Chelmsford being then assembled together : they did then by a voat Joyntly agree that Each Proprietor In the Towne shall have Three acres of Upland: to one Right: as it was formerly Agred Upone, by the first planters In the Towne: and forever, to be A Standing Rule. 1704. Half the soldiers in Chelmsford and other towns "most able and of best estate" to provide themselves with snow shoes and mogginsons. 1708. "Voted to devid the wholl comons." 1711. Maj. Tyng was wounded by the Indians between Groton and Concord, carried to Concord and there died — Family Records, in possession of Robert Brinley, Esq. Tyngsboro. Hubbard and Hutchinson say that Maj. Tyng was killed in Chelms- ford. They were doubtless in error. A second division of the Commons made: an acre to an acre of right. There were four divisions in all. 1716. More than three thousand (3,650) pine trees were loaned at 2-6d per hundred for the purpose of extracting turpen- tine. These were on the Town Common lands. Voated that the hy way between Chelmsford and Concord shall be laid out by verginea meddows. 1720. Saml. Goold and wife, who came from Dunstable to Chelmsford, were the first persons maintained at the public expense. The town gave for their maintenance 8s. per week. A horse was provided for them to ride to meeting. John Davis did smith work. 812 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD 1724. Forty men in Chelmsford obliged by law to provide snowshoes and "moggasins" to be in readiness to go against the Indians. 1730. A wall was built round the Ministry. The Town chose deer-reeves to prevent the destruction of deer. These were chosen every year until 1795. A committee was chosen "to let out the fishing place and take care of them." "Samuel Holden, Esq., of London, whose munificence was extended to other churches and incorporations in America, (he bestowed charities in New England to the amount of £4,847; his wife and daughter, £5,585,) presented to the church and congre- gation in Chelmsford the works of Richard Baxter in four folio volumes." [Allen.] 1733. In 1733 and 1762 mention is made of Abbott's ferry, (see page 481). In 1761 at the desire of some of the inhabitants of Chelmsford and Dracut a Town Road was laid out from the meeting house in Chelmsford, easterly from the Long Causeway (Plain Street) by the neck houses as the road is now used, by the house of Henry Fletcher, to Merrimack river at Abbott's Ferry place. Probably the Hunt's ferry mentioned in the record of 1762 was across the Concord river, and the road to Col. Jonas Clark's would be what is now Merrimack street in Lowell, continuing up Pawtucket street along the river. The "Bridle road," running northerly to Merrimack river, would be Bridge street at Abbott's ferry. 'The latter ferry also was at one time operated by a Mr. Hunt. In 1735 an entry in the Dracut records mentions the laying out of a road from Lt. Richardson's to Merrimack river at Hunt's ferry. The description shows it to have been the present Hildreth street to Bridge street and thence to the river. The same year John Colbum of Dracut conveyed to Robert Hildreth, 100 acres of land, one of the bounds being a "black oak at the feiTy." The land extended eastward to Beacon street on Dracut heights, and from the river northerly as far as Tenth street. The ferry became known as Hildreth 's ferry, but in 1756 land and ferry were sold to John White. He in turn sold to Solomon Abbott in 1758, and in 1761 Abbott sold to Amos Bradley. His son Joseph operated the ferry for many years, but in 1827 con- veyed his rights to the Central Bridge Corporation. Thus the ferry was known successively as Hunt's, Hildreth's, White's, Abbott's and Bradley's ferry. Clark's ferry was at the foot of Clark's ferry road, or Baldwin street at Middlesex Village, (see Map No. 19). In 1759, when, on Oct. 22, Jonas Clark conveyed his farm of 280 acres, one bound was given as "at the Ferry way called Clark's Ferry, now in possession of sd. Jonas and Timothy." John Webb's ferry was one of the earliest on the Merrimack. His house, on the Dracut side of the river, was near the river bank, close to the Dttrkee or Old Ferr}^ road. In 1668 he peti- ANNALS 813 tioned the selectmen of Chelmsford to lay out a road from the river to the Centre of the Tovm (see page 533) which was granted. This road may have been what is now Wood street. Hinchman's ferry was above Clark's ferry. Hamblct's and Ansart's ferries were the same and were below Clark's. Brown's ferry was across the Concord river near its month. Much of the above information is to be credited to Edwin M. Currier, of Dracut. 1737. Road from Hunt's to Clarke's ferry, south side of Merrimack, laid out by order of the court of sessions. Col. Jonas Clark erects a pew in the meeting house, near Col. Tyng's pew. "For the stocks and mending the irons £0:10:6:0." 1742. Gave Daniel Shute, £8 per month for teaching school — but in 1744, they hired him for £2 lawful money — which is the first record made on the town books in lawful money, after the depreciation of paper money. 1743. The Town paid a fine of £10:5:0:0 "for want of a schoolmaster." 1745. "Probably the Louisburg expedition did more to unite the Colonies and prepare them for the Revolution than any Colonial undertaking." 1746. The Middle of the Town is described as extending two miles each way from the meeting house. The Centre Village is sometimes called "The Middle Town of Chelmsford," and two centuries ago was designated as "The Midst of the Town." "Chelmsford Old Town" is another phrase used. 1748. The Town refused permission to the "Southerly side of the Town" to be set off for a separate precinct. 1750. Town records, first dated according to the new style. 1751. Road laid out through Concord-river-neck, from Billerica line, by Eben. Frost's to Zebediah Keyes' house. 1752. A barrel of powder and 42 dozen flints bought for the town stock. 1754. The To\vn accepted the highway laid out from Simeon Spaulding's house "to the Rhode that Ledes from Golden Cove to Carnal Clark's, provided that the Land is to be open for Pcple to pass." 1755. Deac. Eben Gould, taught the first Singing school in town, which was continued for three months from the 7th day of April. He received for his services £1 : 12:0 lawful money per month. 1756. Jean Landrie and a large family, being French from Nova Scotia, were thrown upon the town and maintained at the public expense, until the end of the war in 1763, at an expenditure of £200. which was reimbursed by the province, agreeable to an order of Counsel. 814 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD John Parrot died Nov. 20. He was a poor man supported by the Town. The Town paid for "six pairs of gloves for John Parrot." This was an old fimeral custom. The gloves were worn by the bearers or mourners. 1755. Robert Keyes of Chelmsford removed to Shrewsbury in 1740, and thence to the easterly side of Wachusett Mountain. In 1755 his daughter Lucy, between four and five years old, was lost in the woods, and never afterwards heard of. It was supposed that she was carried away by the Indians. 1760. Benjamin Kemp built a cooper shop. The Town paid Silas Richardson for labour at the bridge over Stoney brook and for saving the plank and timber in the time of the great freshet, £0:9:0:0. 1765. A new pound ordered to be built of stone. The old one was of wood, built in 1729, and called the new pound. 1768. Wood per cord, about 87 cents. 1770. Col. Simeon Spaulding, was present at the extraordinary session held in Harvard College. 1771. The Town cleared up part of the ministry land, for which they paid £8. The occupant, Mr. Bridge, had agreed to mow the bushes annually, if the Town would clear it up faithfully by a stipulated time. — The condition not being fulfilled on the part of the Town, the occupant refused to perform his part. Thus it remained uncultivated and almost useless until 1803. In 1763, Mr. Bridge addressed a letter to the Town relating to this matter. [Allen, p. 52.] In 1683 ten acres in Snake meadow was added to the ministry. It was leased to John Spalding and Arthur Crouch for four shillings a year, payable in com at two shillings per bushel. It was given to Westford when that town was set off from Chelmsford. 1776. July 13, Joseph Emerson was paid £1 : 16 :0 for a drum. 1777. Voted to accept the 80 bushels of salt provided for Chelmsford by the Government. 1782. Isaac Chamberlain had a blacksmith shop. 1784. In the Genealogical Section of the Boston Transcript of May 1, 1916, is the statement that Jeremiah Wier, (see page 352) went to Antrim, N. H., and was murdered on his way home from New York with the pay for his military service in 1784. He married Esther Kidder of Chelmsford, April 6, 1775. Feb. 13, 1793. To Dr. John Betty for staking out the ground for the new meeting house £1 : 11:6:0. 1793. There was purchased "a chain to confine Wm. Powers with." A letter was received from some Gentlemen in Westford ask- ing the Town to concur with them and petition the Gen. Ct. to have an academy established in Westford. 1793. Voted that the Inhabitants of Chelmsford are not so well acquainted with the circumstances of the Towns of Groton and Westford as would be necessary to justify a complyance ANNALS 815 with the request of the Committee yet they do not find in their minds any objection to the Incorporation of an academy in the Town of Westford. 1794. £250 appropriated for building new school houses. Taxes are abated in some instances on account of sickness or absence in the army. William Bridge is constable. He held other town offices. "A chist with lock and Kee" to be provided in which shall be kept the military stores, and put in the meeting house. 1795. From March, 1794, to March, 1795 there were ten Town meetings. A post was to be erected near the meeting house for posting up papers. 1796. The Town dismissed a request to set off the north- easterly part of the Town to be a separate town with part of Dracut and Tyngsborough. Accounts are now kept in dollars and cents. Voted not to provide carriages to make use of at funerals. 1798. Voted to kill all the dogs in town. This was no doubt on account of the severe laws and penalties recently enacted by the General Court. In January of that year the General Court passed an act to lessen the dangerous evils of canine mad- ness and other injuries occasioned by dogs. Those persons living near Merrimack river bridge were not freed from paying the minister tax. 1799. Voted to lay out a road from the meeting house to golden cove. It was accordingly laid out but not made. 1800. Jan. 20. The Town took into consideration the death of the worthy General Washington, and Mr. Mattathiah Spaulding was desired to deliver an oration in the Town on the 22d of February next. A Committee was appointed to arrange the business of that day: Dr. Timothy Harrington, Lt. John Bateman, Lt. Cyrus Baldwin, Dr. John Betteys and Gen. Ebenezer Bridge. 1812. The Merrimack Boating Company was organized Jan. 17, 1812, John L. Sullivan, agent. The first boat reached Con- cord, N. H., in the autimm of 1814 and it was nearly a year later that regular trips were made. Business was continued until 1822, when it was bought by the Boston and Concord Boating Co.. which was to continue as long as the Middlesex Canal was kept open. [For description see Travels in N. E. and N. Y., by Timothy D wight. Vol. I., pp. 406-7.] 816 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD THE MERRIMACK COMPANY'S RATES OF FREIGHT, 1816. Per Ton Names of Agents Landing Places Up Down Stephen Ambrose Concord (upper) $12 . 50 $8 . 50 Samuel Butters Concord (lower) 12.00 8.00 Caleb Stark Pembroke 1 1 . 50 7 . 50 Richard H. Ayer Dunbarton 10.50 7.00 Samuel T. Kidder Manchester 9.25 6.50 N. Parker Merrimack (upper) 6.00 4.50 Adams & Roby Thornton's 4.50 4.00 James Lund Litchfield 4.50 4.00 Cobum Blood Dracut 4.50 4.00 Levi Foster Chelmsford 4.50 4.00 Noah Lund Billerica 3 . 50 3 . 00 JothamGillis Wobum 2.50 2.50 William Rogers Medford 2.00 2.00 Thomas Kettell Charlestown David Dodge Boston Furniture $24 to $30 per ton, according to weight and room. Empty hhds. from Concord, 50c. tierces, 25c. bbls. 18c. hf. bbls. lie. each. Hhd. staves, $10. per M. Barrel staves, $6 per M. J. L. Sullivan. Concord, N. H., April 20, 1816. "The boats employed on the Middlesex Canal were required to be not less than forty feet and not more than seventy -five feet in length, and nine feet and one-half in width. The boats coming to Chelmsford could carry twenty tons of coal, those going to Concord, N. H., from six to fifteen tons, depending on the height of the water in the river." The following are extracts from the "Regulations relative to the Navigation of the Middlesex Canal," dated 1830. Passage Boats are to be drawn at the rate of four miles an hour. Luggage Boats are to be drawn at the rate of two and an half miles an hour. Rafts are to be drawn at the rate of one and an half miles an hour. Passage Boats going the same way shall not pass each other. Luggage Boats going the same way shall not pass each other. Rafts going the same way shall not pass each other. No Boat or Raft shall be passed through any lock after dark. Travelling on the Canal being permitted on Sundays in con- sideration of the distance from home at which those persons using it generally are: It may be reasonably expected that they should not disturb those places of publick worship near which they pass, nor occasion any noise to interrupt the tranquility of the day. Therefore, it is established that no Signal-Horn shall be used, or blown on Sundays: but if the approach to the Locks is not perceived, the Lock-Tenders must be personally notified. ANNALS 817 1817. A new hearse on an improved plan, at an expenditure of $100. The Town voted to give Rev. Wilkes Allen $500. for better- ments upon the ministerial land and depreciation in his salary, and he withdrew his request for a dismission. 1818. The Board of Selectmen for the previous year received a vote of thanks. 1819. This year was bom in Chelmsford, Sophia Elizabeth, daughter of John and Scynthia Thoreau. She was baptized September 27, and was sister to Henry David Thoreau, the hermit, naturalist and poet of Concord, in which place he was bom in 1817. The family lived in Chelmsford for three or four years prior to 1821, when they moved to Boston. Sophia, says San- bom, had, along with her mother's lively and dramatic turn, a touch of art; and all of [the children] . . . were superior persons. They were John, Helen, Henry and Sophia. John, the English ancestor, their grandfather, was baptized in the Anglican Church of the parish of St. Helier, in Jersey, in April, 1754 and came to New England about 1773. Dr. Ripley, for half a century the minister of Concord, wrote this certificate for John, Jr., son of the above named. "Understanding that Mr. John Thoreau, now of Chelmsford, is going into business in that place, and is about to apply for a license to retail ardent spirits, I hereby certify that I have been long acquainted with him, that he has sustained a good character, and now view him as a man of integrity, accustomed to store- keeping, and of correct morals." Sanborn says of Henry : "When he was three or four years old, at Chelmsford, on being told that he must die, as well as the men in the New England Primer, and having the joys of heaven ex- plained to him, he said, as he came in from 'coasting,' that he did not want to die and go to heaven, because he could not carry his sled to so fine a place; for, he added, 'the boys say it is not shod with iron, and not worth a cent.' " In his "Week on the Concord and Merrimack" Thoreau says: Even we youthful voyagers had spent part of our lives in the village of Chelmsford, when the present city (Lowell), whose bells we heard, was its obscure north district only, and the giant weaver was not yet fairly bom." 1820. Dec. 5. About half past six in the morning Messrs. Hale, Whipple and Tileston's powder factory took lire. The mill and coming house were destroyed. It is conjectured that it was caused by the friction of the pestle against the mortar. Four men were killed. About 2,000 lbs. of powder was destroyed. The report was distinctly heard 30 miles. 1821. June 5. Between 6 and 7 in the afternoon the powder mill took fire and exploded. Three persons were killed, Fitzgerald, Howard and Farr. 818 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Dec. 11. About 4 p. m., the drying house of the powder factory took fire from the oven and exploded. Thomas Sullivan was killed. The other buildings were much injured. Windows and bam doors in the neighborhood were burst open and broken. 1821. The pound and land was exchanged for a strip of land belonging to Capt. Caleb Abbot between the pound and the meeting house. 1821. Note by Allen. This year a new canal half a mile in length was partly made, taking the water out of the Concord river at the bridge leading to Tewksbury and carrying it in a northwestern direction until it returns to the river with a fall of 20 feet. 1823. A statement of the expenditures of the Town was ordered to be printed. 1823. The new powder factory owned by Whipple, Hale and Tileston went into operation. The above notes (1820-1823) are by the Rev. Wilkes Allen; of these Mr. Perham had a manuscript copy. 1824. Sept. 15, was organized the Beethoven Musical Society. 75 gentlemen and 53 ladies became members. The society dis- solved December 5, 1827. [For list of members, see Vol. III., Old Res. Contrib.] 1825. Note by Allen. The Classical School was opened Sept. 1 , by Mr. Ralph Waldo Emerson, who left Dec. 30. He was a very popular and useful instructor. He was bought off by some gentleman in Roxbury, who encouraged him to expect a profit of two thousand dollars per anntun. Jime 18, was incorporated the Middlesex Mechanics Associa- tion. [See Vol. VI., Contrib. to Old Res. Ass'n.] 1826. Dec. 22. Whipple's powder mill exploded. One man was hurt. 1830. Jan. 4. There was another explosion. The building was destroyed and Mr. Robinson was mortally injured. 1832. The selectmen with Charles Bent and John T. Torrey were constituted a Board of Health. 1835. Note by Allen. An inexhaustible bed of bog ore on the farm of Robert Richardson, late Mr. Andrew Spalding's. (Later Henry R. Hodson's.) 1840. There were 214 men in Chelmsford liable to be called upon for military duty. [Book X.. p. 404.] 1843. A stage coach upset near the house of widow Olive Chamberlain. The Town paid Wm. A. Farrell $25 damages. 1861. The record of the Town in the War of the Rebellion was in the highest degree honorable. When President Lincoln issued the call for 75,000 men, a public meeting was called which was fully attended and all of the speeches expressed the most patriotic sentiments. Three thousand dollars was pledged by individuals present to encourage enlistments and aid the families of those who should enter the service. ANNALS 819 Every call for volunteers was responded to. The records kept by the selectmen show that the total number of men who had entered the service accredited to the Town was 229, which was eighteen in excess of all the calls which had been made by the 'Tialls Chehnsford, ffeb: 25: 167i. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 68, p. 143*.] 826 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Page 113. vSeventh line from bottom, for {sie) read {sic). Page 114. Bottom. Feb. 25, 1675-6. An attack was made by the Indians upon Chelmsford and several buildings were burned. Colbum's garri- son on the east side of the Merrimack was strengthened, but nearly all the outer settlements were deserted. A few days later, March 20, another attack was made, and Joseph Parker was wounded. There was no surgeon in the vicinity, and an express was sent to Boston to obtain one. The Council ordered Dr. David Middleton to repair forthwith to Chelmsford. [Fox's Dunstable.] Cowley, as quoted on page 110, seems to have used Fox's statement. The wounding of Joseph Parker evidently took place in February, and is mentioned in both letters on pages 110 and 111. There seems to be a confusion of dates by the historians. Page 122. leboms = Coburn ? In the original document here reproduced, the name printed "leboms" appears to have been so intended, and the official copyist at the Boston Court House has it thus;* but on comparing this list of names with the tax lists of 1671 and 1672 and the powder list of 1674, it is evident that the name is Coboms, i. e., Cobum. There are no "leboms" in the Chelmsford Vital Records, and the Christian names, Edward, John, Robert and Thomas, correspond with those of the other lists. These were Edward Coburn and his sons Edward, John, Robert and Thomas, who lived in Chelmsford and Dracut. Page 167. The selectmen or overseers of the poor of the various towns were ordered to bind out to service all children "of the Acadians for whom places could be found. Many were taken from their parents to serve under hard task masters. Some of these parents sent to the General Court a petition which is here reproduced. It was signed by Jean Lendrey at Chelmsford, and by representatives at Oxford, Concord, Worcester, Andover and Waltham. "A son Excellence Le Gouverneur de la province de Massa- chusetts Bay de La Nou^'ell Engleterre et au honourable Gentil- homes du Consseile. Nous avons pris la liberte de Vous presente Cette Requeste, comme nous sommes en chagrin par Rapart a nos enfans. La perte que nous avons souffris de nos habitations et amen6 icy, et nos Separations Les un des autres n'est Rien a Compare a cell que nous trouvons a present, que de prendre nos enfans par force devant nos yeux. La nature mesme ne peut soufifrir cela. S'il etait en nostre pouvoire d'avoir notre chois, nous choisirions plustot de prendre nos corps et nos ames que d'etre separe d'eux. C'est pourquoy nous vous prions en grace et a vos honours que vous aye La bonte d'apaiser cette cruelte. Nous ne Reffusons au cumcement [commencement] de travailler pour I'entretienne de nos enfans, moyainant que si c'etoit sufitert pour nos families. *<>r to be exact — lehorn, omitting the s. NOTES A ND CORRECTIONS 827 Vous priant en grace que d'avoir La bonte d'avoir egart a notre Requeste ; ainsy faisent ; vous obligeray votre tres humble et tres obeissent sennteurs. at Chelmsford Jean Lendrey" &c. &c. [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 23, p. 49.] In English it would read as follows : "To his Excellency the Governor General of the Province of Massachusetts Bay of New England and to the honorable Gentle- men of the Council. "We have taken the liberty of presenting you this request, as we are in sorrow on account of our children. The loss which we have suffered, of our houses, and brought here and our separa- tions from one another is nothing compared with what we meet with at present, that of taking away our children by force before our eyes. Nature herself cannot endure that. If it were in our power to have our choice we should choose rather the taking away of our bodies and our souls than to be separated from them. Wherefore we pray in pity and to your honors that you would have the goodness to mitigate this cruelty. We have not refused from the first to work for the support of our children, provided it were permitted for our own families. Praying you in mercy to have the goodness to have regard to our Petition, thus doing you will oblige your very humble and very obedient servants." Mr. Gridley and Mr. Tyng with others were appointed a committee to consider the petition, and to report. Their report was read and accepted in Council, April 15, 1756. It was ordered that there should be no more binding out, and the Acadians were to be provided with such things as they could work up for necessary clothing, and they were to be treated with kindness and hvmianity. The list on page 167 is from the Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 23, p. 485. A similar list is in the Town records. vSome of the state- ments on the two following pages are from the Chelmsford Eagle. Page 189. Eighteenth line from bottom. In Bridge's Diary it is stated that Jonas Spaulding "died in ye War." Others who died in the Province Wars were: John Spaulding, 1704; Jonathan Snow and Benj. Adams, 1755; Joseph Spaulding, son of Lieut. John, 1756. Page 198. Committees of Safety and Correspondence. Committees of Safety were formed before and during the Revo- lutionary War, to keep watch of, and act upon, events pertaining to the public welfare. They were of great benefit, and some- times had power to call out the Militia and provide means for defense. These committees were in constant communication with committees of correspondence. Massachusetts took the lead in these, forming a committee of Safety in the autumn of 1774, with John Hancock as chairman. Samuel Adams "bound the other towns of Massachusetts to Boston in a common 828 HISTOR V OF CHELMSFORD organization for making and propagating opinion by means of committees of correspondence," through which they could ex- change views, and if need were, to concert action. This he pro- posed as early as 1772. "Committees of Correspondence sought out opinion, provoked discussion, forced men to take sides or seem indifferent; more than all, saw to it that Mr. Samuel Adams's opinions were duly promulgated and established by argument." [Woodrow Wilson : Hist, of the Am. People, p. 174 ff.] Page 200. Fourteenth line. For inported read imported. Page 201. Sixth line from bottom. For prople read people. Page 209. Eighth line. For Crowinshield read Crownin- shield Page 231. Second line from bottom for Jospeh read Joseph. Page 250. Eighteenth line. For oj read of. Nineteenth line. For Collections read Contributions. Page 250. Many legends and traditions are told of the events of that day (April 19, 1775), and the scenes witnessed by various soldiers. Charles Furbush, a private (afterward captain) of Joshua Holt's [Andover] Company, and another, said to have been Captain Ford of Chelmsford, were fired upon by a British officer from a house which he was plimdering. They rushed in and killed the man. They were used to the sight of blood, having served in the French war, but though veterans in the horrors of war, their souls revolted at some of the dreadful sights of that day. They related* that our men seemed maddened with the sight of British blood, and infuriated to wreak vengeance on the wounded and helpless. A fallen grenadier had been stabbed again and again by the passers-by, so that the blood was flowing from many holes in his waistcoat. Furbush and his comrade, cooler and more compassionate from experience in regular war- fare, and, perhaps, remembering the days when they had called these men companions-in-arms, gently lifted up the dying soldier and gave him water to drink, for which he eagerly begged. [Hist. Sketches of Andover, p. 307.] Trevelyan, in Vol. I, Part H of his History of the American Revolution, mentions some plimdering and burning by a Major Austin and a Captain Ford of Massachusetts at White Plains, in November, 1776. (See also Lossing's Field Book of the Revolu- tion and American Archives.) But these were not our Major Austin and Captain Ford. Page 289. Nineteenth line. Dele, except Isaac Barret. Page 290. Ninth line. Pradue is probably meant for parado, after the Spanish; an old form of the word parade. Page 299. Thirteenth line. For daughter read sister. James Pitts and Elizabeth Bowdoin were married Oct. 26, 1732. Page 395 . Fourth line from bottom . For John read Benjamin Page 397. Third line. For N. W. read 5. 14'. *Thi8 story is told by the grandson of Captain Furbush. NOTES AND CORRECTIONS 829 Page 401. Taverns. See also pages 395-7. 1690. Cornelius Waldo. 1712. John Hill. Asa Hill. Timothy Clarke. Dr. John Betty. Balch and Cobtirn. Jesse Smith. 1820. Capt. Phineas Whiting. 1826. William Parker. 1842. Noah Robinson. 1853. Moses Griffin. Jacob Howard. Enoch Merrill. Thomas Parker. Daniel Poor. Page 402. General Store-Keepers. Centre Village: E. T. Adams. North Village: South Village Supply C. Wilson. Chamberlain. S. T. Wright. J. F. Sleeper. Fred Marshall. Sawyer and Gay. Swift and Blodgett. Joseph Bennet. E. Shaw & Son. Watson Woodward. George B. Hall. John F. McManomin. M. A. Queen & D. F. Small. Charles F. Scribner. Mrs. A. A. Marinel. West Village: 1840. 1852. Alpheus Nesmith. John Goss. David Simonds. Roby, Sawyer & Co. Asa Far well. William H. Brown. John N. Perry Marcus H. Winship. F. E. Bickford. James Robbins. Eldad P. Bean. Julius Parkhurst. Thomas M. Gerrish. H. H. Emerson. John B. Emerson. 830 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Page 406. The Court of Assistants. By action of the General Court in 1631, practically all judicial and legislative powers were vested in the Court of Assistants. The Bible was their only law book. Juries were impaneled when capital crimes were to be tried before this court. It met four times a year — at Easter, Hilary, Trinity and Michaelmas — corre- sponding to the English terms of court, and was composed of the Governor, Deputy Governor and eighteen assistants chosen annu- ally by a General Court, consisting of the said officers and all the freemen of the Colony, on the last Wednesday in Easter term. This was the highest Judicial Court of Massachusetts up to 1692, when the second Charter took eiTect. Under that the Executive Council, which served also as the upper house of the legislature, was an elective body. It consisted of the Governor, Deputy Governor and twenty-eight assistants, and was also called the Great Quarter Court. It was a sort of Executive Council to the Governor. Cases were tried before it, with right of appeal to the General Court, of which it was a part. The General Court was so called because the Colonial legislature of Massachusetts grew out of the general court or meeting of the Massachusetts Company. Four times a year the Governor and Deputy, with the Assistants and all the freemen were summoned to a "greate generall and solemne assemblie." Under the second Charter the Supreme Court of Judicature took the place of the Court of Assistants. By a provision of the second Charter "a General Court was to be hoi den annuall}^ on the last Wednesday in May, and at such other times as the Governor saw fit, and each town was authorized to choose two deputies to represent them in this court. The choice of these deputies was conceded to all free- holders having an estate of the value of forty pounds sterling, or land yielding an income of at least forty shillings per annum." Thinking it not for the interest of the Colony that the chief officers should be elected by inexperienced men, the General covu-t voted that the Governor and Deputy Governor should be elected by the assistants. Later, in 1632, these officers and the assistants were to be elected by the whole court consisting of all these officers and all the freemen. Page 410. Public Worship. An attempt was made to follow this case further in the Court files at Cambridge, but nothing more could be found relating to it. Page 414. Second line. For be read he. Fifteenth line from bottom. For indentity read identity. Page 434. Fifth line from bottom. For State Highway read i'Ounty Road. Page 455. Frederick Fanning Ayer, in "Bell and Wing,"* has a poem entitled "Old Darby," in which he portrays a long- forgotten character who half a century ago made his hermit-home in the extreme northwest part of the Town. *G. p. Putnam's Sons, 1911. NOTES AND CORRECTIONS 831 The descriptive parts of the poem, some of which arc here given, are a true picture of the man. The interesting love-story with which they are interwoven is founded on fact. The poem should be read entire. The concluding lines, here quoted, voice Mr. Ayer's philosophy. How well I remember this man, His Pawtucketvillc stride. Hand open wide As a griddle-pan! At first I shied him, The boy-tribe guyed him. Women folk eyed him, Eyed his blue great eyes, His boot-black tie, His long look to the skies Like a longing to fly. Hat on and off. His little cough, His sorrow sigh! None feared him, none knew him who he was. Only Old Darby was his name, His purpose to make common cause With hard-luck people — that way he came To be known for his majesty part He played, his mighty human heart. Snug in his Chelmsford woods, In his bee-flower house. His hut of willow snoods, Of wild forest goods. To an owl for a friend His hand to extend, Swallows of nard In his forest yard, A whole heart to share His handful fare With the birds in air. He now, like each flower In his dusty-miller bower. Was a prince of power. So it was in Chelmsford I found him. At the fag-end, in his squirrel-hut! How each tempest tried to unground him! I saw his wide eyes open and shut As if the soul in him watched each gape To leap there for chance to escape. ******* Spoke kindness always and great truth: "Only soul has perpetual youth; The child is likelier God Than your small soul in your lordly pod." And so on, as each way he went He preached of power by strugglement; Beauty was the thing to catch. New always, not made to match; Soul-foremost was the way to go. Would the world could see it so. *#****» Something in Nature makes for Right, Keeps always perfect Beauty in sight. So help it along all your soul and might! 832 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Page 459. To Mr. E. K. Parkhurst more than to any other person, is due the credit of initiating the movement which resulted in the organization of the V. I. A. in Cheknsford Centre. This is a pioneer association of the kind in Massachusetts, the Laurel Hill association at Stockbridge being the only one previously organized, in 1853. In Chelmsford the V. I. A. improved the public squares, laid out sidewalks and planted shade trees, in- stituted street lights and otherwise aided the welfare of the Village. Twenty-three lamps were first placed on the streets; in ten years they had increased to forty-three. For twenty years the Association met the expense of maintaining these, and raised altogether about $6,000. An annual field day and picnics and other social features have marked the life of the V. I. A. Page 498. Central Bridge was first rebuilt in 1843; the covering was put on the bridge in 1849. The bridge was burned in the night between August 4 and 5, 1882. A history of this bridge and the burning of it may be found in Vol. II of the Contribu- tions of the Old Res. Hist. Ass'n. Page 505. Eighth line from bottom. The writer has seen the record of but one township so granted. Page 535. "Chelmsford Vital Records" gives the date of the death of "Weebe," John, ahas Everett, Oct. 16, 1668. Page 580. July 15, 1726. It was ordered that inasmuch as Jeremiah Miller has been duly warned out of the Town, and doth still continue in sd. Town contrary to the Law in that Behalf made and provided, that there be a Warrant obtained from a Justice of the Peace to convey sd. Jeremiah Miller to the Town where he had his last Residence before such warning was given as above mentioned. To Thomas Barrett, constable, for conveying Jerimy Miller out of Town and his assistance £00. 12 00. Page 586. Last line. For W. S. Packard read A. S. Packard. Page 589. The designer of the Revolutionary Monument was Greely S. Curtis, a well-known Boston architect. The model showed a higher base, and immediately above the machicolation, a stone which was left out when the monument was built. The inscriptions on the monument are all in capital letters. Page 594. Fifth line from bottom. For .55 read .45. Page 602. Fourth line from bottom. For Erving read Ervin. Page 659. The tanning vats mentioned belonged to Samuel Stevens, a tanner, who lived in the present home of Mr. J. A. Bartlett, and whose tan yard was near the house. Courts. Allen (page 150) says: The English Magistrate usually held his court at Wamesit annually in May. Mr. Eliot attended him to give advice to the magistrates, and to preach to the Indians, whom the occasion might call together in greater numbers. NOTES AND CORRECTIONS 833 "While many resorted to this ancient capital seat of the Indians to fish, he seized the opportunity to spread the net of the Gospel to fish for their souls." In the early settlement of New England the Pawtuckets con- sisted of about 3,000; and in 1674, 250. At Wamesit, when Mr. Eliot persuaded them to receive the Gospel, there were about 75 souls. Their chief sagamore and civil ruler after they became Christianized was Numphow, "a man of a noble spirit." His son, Samuel, was their teacher. In the expedition against the Mohawks, in 1669, they were mostly destroyed. Being reduced to a very small number, they determined to remove farther to the north; and, that they might not go away with resentment and unfavorable impressions against the English, they were per- suaded not only to sell the lands assigned them by the Govern- ment, but also in 1686 to release by deed all right in the town- ships of Concord, Chelmsford, Groton, Lancaster, Stow and Dunstable. [Douglass.] The same year certain Indians, at Wamesit and Natick, gave a deed of sale of the township of Salem. [See Bentley's History of Salem. The Chelmsford or Wamesit Indians who signed tliis deed were David Nonnupanohow, Sam Wuttaannoh, John Jontoqunne, Cicily's son, grandchildren of George Sagamore; Cicily Petaghuncksg, Sarah Weittaquatinnusk, daughters of George Saga- more; and Thomas Wkqueakussennimi, alias Captain Tom.] This was probably done to prevent any futiu-e evil that might arise from the Indians on the pretence of injustice on the part of the English in taking away their lands by force or fraud, and without compensation. Allen (p. 157 ff.) mentions also the care which Lt. Hinchman and Goodwife Brooks bestowed upon an Indian girl who had been scalped, and who recovered after two years or more: and John Eliot's experience with an Indian woman and a brass idol. Chelmsford, England. By an act of Parliament about three years ago, a new diocese has been erected in the County of Essex, England, and Chelmsford is the See City. The old parish church of St. Mary is made the Cathedral of the "Diocese of Chelmsford." In England no town is designated by the term "city" unless it has a bishop's seat or cathedral. The limits of the new diocese are identical with those of the county, and Chehnsford is the shire town. In the same cotmty, or nearby, are the towns of Ipswich, Framlingham, Billericay, Need- ham, Braintree, Maldon, Dunstable, Sudbury, Haverhill and various others whose names have been given to New England 834 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD towns. Chelmsford is about 30 miles northeast of London, and has a population of about 14,000. It takes its name from the river Chelmer which flows through the town and is connected by a canal with the Blackwater. A more euphonious name for our Heart pond would be Chelmer Lake. The town is situated at the confluence of the Chelmer and the Cann. Its corn and cattle markets are among the largest in the county. As early as the year 1199 the bishop obtained a charter for a weekly market, and in 1227 the town became the regular seat of assizes and quarter-sessions. In 1377 Chelmsford was given the right to send representatives to parliament. Early in the 12th century a bridge was built over the Chelmer, which brought the road from London directly through the town, and much increased its im- portance. The Shire Hall, Edward VI grammar school, the Museum and other handsome buildings give dignity to the place. But the church is the principal object of interest. Christian- ity had a considerable hold over that region at a very early day, and was more firmly established about the year 654 when Cedd was bishop of Essex, the country of the East Saxons. There is a small stone church still standing in the vicinity of Chelmsford which was built at about that date. It is probable that there was a Saxon church of wood at Chelmsford, replaced by a stone building, soon after the Norman Conquest in 1066, which was rebuilt about the year 1400. The lofty tower of the present parish church dates from 1427. In 1565 the church was somewhat damaged by a great storm, and in 1800, through the careless construction of burial vaults under the pavement of the church, the pillars of the nave gave way and almost the whole body of the church fell in a heap of ruins. It was soon rebuilt, and today is a fine example of an English parish church. The main portion of the edifice is 120 by 54 feet in dimension. It will, probably, be considerably enlarged to meet its new use. It has a ring of ten bells. [See page 14.] Cowley, in "Lowell, a city of Spindles," says that John Eliot, "the Apostle to the Indians," was baptized at Widford in the County of Hertford, England, August 5, 1604. He studied at Jesus College, Cambridge. "We next hear of him as a tutor [usher] in the school of Little Baddow near Chelmsford in the County of Essex, of which Rev. Thomas Hooker was master. The Rev. John Fiske, who afterwards became the first minister of Chelmsford, * * * was also a school teacher in [the English] Chelmsford. How many of the settlers of the American Chelmsford came from its English namesake we know not, but it probably owes its name to the connection of Eliot, Fiske, and Hooker with the English Chelmsford. Like nearly all the Puritans of that time, Eliot was a zealous member of the Church of England." Thomas Hooker was curate of St. Mary's Church. NOTES AND CORRECTIONS 835 Chelmsford, but was silenced for his non-conformity; as Cotton Mather says in his Magnalia : Bonus vir Hookerus, sed ideo malus, quia Puritanus. , ,-, tt i John Fiske, the first minister of this Town, was, like Hooker and John Eliot, ordained a priest in the Church of England. Fiske and Hooker and Eliot may have known each other at Cambridge, where the former two studied at Emmanuel, the great Puritan College, at which many of the early New England clergy were educated. SAMUEL ADAMS's GRANT. 12—11 16()0 The Reccord of ye accomodation of upland and meddoe granted by the Towne of Chehnsford to Mr Samewell Adams witn the bounds and hut- ments of the same to him and his heyrs for euer. first his upland one which his Mills stand beemg his upland granted at three severall t>Tiies; the first grant being one hundreth acors in Consideration of his erecting and maintaining A com Mill for the Towns supplye: the secont grant beeing fowr hundreth and fiuete Acors of upland only wthout any reservance to towne privelidges propr to his first grant as to other accomodations granted by the Towne the which fowr hundreth and fiuete acors was granted in consideration of the said Samuell addams his erecting of a Saw Mill one the said Land for the Towns suplye as is specefied in the Towne Booke page the 8th : the third grant was by way of recompence for sum deffitientcy which did appeare to bee in his meddoe the which third grant was the extending the Lyne of former c^rants from the Northeast Comer ouer About the middle of the medo: called Longe meddoe, granted by the Towne to William fletcher and so to Billerikaie Lyne allso the Continuing the South Lyne of the first grants from A Little swampe one the east side of his Mills ponde & so along in A watery Rundlet till it reach Biller- ikaie Lyne all which said Land beeing Layd out Conteyning by estemation About 8 hundreth Acors more or less beeing bounded East by Billerikaie Lyne: South by the Towne Common: westerle by the Land of John Adams & one the Northwest by the meddo of Land of James Blood North by the Land of James Blood Iszak Lamed Joseph Parker Jacob Parker & John Nutting and prtly by the Towne Common. 836 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD his meddoe 1 twelve Acors more or less Lying at the Mills tayle . 2 fourtene Acors .... Lying at the head of the Mills pond 3 a meddo called springe meddo, conteyning fowr acors 4 four acors Lying at Great Tadmuck Addition the third addition proper to the first grant Lying on the pyne playne conteining sevente Eight x'Xcors this is A liuc Record aproved As attests clerke by the Selectmen 24:12:60 Jacob Parker PROPRIETORS IN THE NEW-FIELD. [Feb. 1. 1667. 12:l:6f [O. S.J N. S.] Acres of Land. 214 Leftent fifoster. Daniell Blogged: Jacob Parker: beeing A Comite ap- pointed by the Select- men to Rate to euery propriator in the New feild there proportions of fence due to them Lenth of fence 555 doe find the number of Acres & the Lenth of fence as in the margant due to a Lott of :6: the names of the Seuerall propriators with acres: 2 pole & :10 the number of Acres now in there possestion foot of fence wth the number of order as they Ly. 1 Mr John Webb: 8:Acres 7:12:59: William ffletcher 2 John Batts 6 Samuell fifoster 3 Henery Boutall 12 Josiah Richardson 4 Mineralls Lott mr Webb: 6 ware appointed A Comite to 5 John Wright 9 state the fence one the other 6 Henery ffarwell 6 parts of the said feild & they did 7 Edward Spalding senr 6 find 2 pole and 6 foote to eury S Daniell Blogged 12 acre Lying in the same order 9 John Shiple Senr 18 that the other doth — only sum 11 Joseph Parkis 12 lots being sold have allowed 12 Edward Spalding Jnr 6 som of them namely william 13 Benjamin Butterfeld: 42 ffletchers then beeing the 9th 14 Edward Kempe 6 Lott: beinge John Shiple to bee 15 Jacob Parker 17 9 in this Last and so Daniell 16 John Spalden 6 Blogged haueing his Lott: 17 John Stephens 6 18 Mr ffiske 6 19 Josiah Ritchardson 6 20 Samuell ffletcher 6 21 John Burge 6 22 John Perum 6 10 Solloman Keyes: 6 wch in order of \ fence is the 10th Lott / B Butterfeilds fence Lyeth in to places in number 13 for one Lott and the rest Lyeth at the Loer end of the feild NOTES AND CORRECTIONS 837 Receipts. These may Certifie the Selectmen of Chelmsford that Ebenezer parkhurst as he was Constable hath payd what he was ordered to Collect and Deliver to the Tresurer for the payment of my [annuity] from the North part of the Towne in ye year 1699. Thomas Clark. Chelmsford. 2 January 1701. August the 9 day 1705 Receued of Stephen perce the sume of nine pounds In Come which the to\vne Bequethed to me I say Receued By me Elizabeth Clark ITEMS FROM THE ACCOUNT BOOK OF OLIVER FLETCHER. 1750 To J dozen pigeons £0: 4: 6 To Jenny the negro 0:0:8 To Ginger Bred sent to Putnam's children 0:2:0 To Chocolate 0:7:6 To 7 yds Garlix wanting | Quarter 7:5:4 Gave the Girl for fetching wine 0:0:6 To a Pint & half of Madera wine 0:12: To a Boy at a Gate 0:0:6 The whole cost [of materials for 2 English checkt cotton .shirts] 10: 7: To making the 2 shirts 0:14: To a Bilboa Handkerchief 1: 7: For myself & Lydia my Brother's Daughter to see a sort of a monkey : 3 : May 22 I went to Salem on my Brother's mare, got there before the Sun Set the same Day. May 29 I came from Salem got home to Chelmsford the Sun I2 hour high. Paid Col Sampson Stoddard one milled Dollar which is 45 shillings old tenor 2:5:0 Nov. 15 I received my under stockings of Cousin Foster and paid her for spinning one pound of wool and knitting the stockings — old tenor 1:1:8 For the pound of wool 0:10: To2 flints 0: 0: 8 I lb of Powder & 1 lb Shott of Col Stoddard 0:7:0 To pd Col Stoddard for 1 lb Shott 0:3:6 To a worm for a gun stick 0: 1:6 To lib sugar 0: 4: To paid Samuel Archer for making a wigg 5:0:0 To buy a small wigg Box to send it to me in 0:4:6 To paid Simeon (ioold for his hair, old tenor 1:2:6 — 0:7:6. 1:10: TooneP^ish hook 0: 0: 5 To Fish lines 0:1:0 Toa bunch of Dutch Quills 0:6:0 To a cord for pigeon net & smaller cord 0:8:0 To one mug of cyder to treat Capt. Butterfield 0:1:0 To a pair of leather breeches 1:5:0 To half a pint sallad oyle 0:5:0 To a flat bottom tin Candle stick 0:9:0 To a candle mould 0: 2: To h lb Powder 6/ & 1 lb. shott 2/6 0:8:6 The Quails and Partridge fetched 10/6 838 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Nov. 15 To 2 lb. of tobacco £0:4:0 To ferriage at Colo. Clarke's [Middlesex Village] 0:1:0 To pd John Parker for a Dram for James Tompson fetch- ing a Great Coat To pd for blacking ball of Doct. Tucker 0:2:6 1751 3h yds broadcloth for great coate 10:11 : 3 2 doz buttons 1:2:6 Sowing silk 0:1:6 5 yds shalloon 1 oz. English thread — 2 skeins of mohair . . 0:14: Joseph Pierce for making great coat 1:15: Buckram and stay tape 0:5:0 Paid Aunt Parker for knitting a pair of woolen stockings. Gave her son Moses the money 0:15: Paid Aunt Foster in full 0:15: September 14, 1752 New Style Expenses to Concord at Brown's for cake and beer 0:1:3 1752 2 yds 7/8 Garlix 2:7:0 To pd Lieut. Minott for combing 1 lb worsted 0:6:0 To pd Deborah Bates for spinning 1 lb. worsted 0:13: To Dinner at Roes 9/ wine with Dinner 2/ 0:11 : To Horse Keeping 3/ gave the Boy lOd 0: 3:10 To wine 2/6 to cake to bring home 2/ 0:4:6 At a Barbacew at Mr Parker's Gave Jeremiah Butterfield for fetching mare 0:1:0 To Benja. Clarke for keeping mare & ferriage 0:1:8 Snuflf 0: 1: Paid Andrew Batties for Tobacco ? lb 0:4:6 Town meeting night at Parker's 2 mugs of flip 0:8:0 Pd Andrew Battys for weaving 10 yds. J cotton & linnen at3pr 1:11: 6 1 pair Jron snuffers 0:3:6 To 1 lb Duck Shott 0:2:6 To mending my bear skin coat 0:6:0 To Ink powder 0:6:0 To 6 Lemmons 0:5:0 For moving the mare's shoose 0:4:0 To pd for mug of flip in company with Maj. Read & Lieut. Spaulding 0:4:0 Andrew Batties bought me a pound of Virginia tobacco 8/ and I paid him 9/ 0: 9: To 2 sheep skins for lining breeches 1:2:6 A Christmas Box to Murray, the barber 0:5:0 To an ink horn 0:3:0 May 19, 1755 To paid my Brother Robert for a salmon. 9 lb., of which I mad a present to Judge Sewall of Boston, 19/ & for carrying 6/ in all my said Brother delvd. at his House in Boston 1:5:0 June 9th To paid John Parker for a pint of wine to treat Hannah Parkhurst, Betty Richardson & others who carried me a letter down to Col. Alford 0:7:0 Shaving and dressing wiggs 0:3:0 To paid for newspaper 0: 2: 6 A Bushel ofTurnips 0:9:0 I paid Mr Murry at Boston for making a wig 1 pistole ... 8:5:0 6 one dollar & one pistereen 2:14: & I paid Cogswell for his hair 1:2:6 The wigg cost me in all 12: 1 : 6 Paid men at work at high ways 0:1:2 NOTES AND CORRECTIONS 839 July 7 Col Stoddard for a Testament for Olive £0:16: I made a present of a loafe of white sugar to Mr Bridge 71b. @ 7/ p 2: 9: 1 skein of mohair 0: 3:11 1 pair of Temple spectacles 2:5:0 1758 June 3 Gave French Prisoners in Boston Gaol 0:1:8 To my Clubb at VVethered's with General Peperell &c ... 0:16: 1 Oct. 18 I had Col. Stoddard's white mare and chair to Court, carried Mrs Stoddard with me. I paid all expenses. Sent her back by Eben. Foster's son. I had Col Stoddard's white mare to bring mc from Court Ebenezr Foster's son Ebenezer brought her down to me. 1758 At the May sessions I dined out 1 at James Bowdoin's Esq. Election Day 1 at Mr John Ting's 1 at Mr John Winslow's 1 at Mr Speaker Hubbard's 1 at Thomas Hancock's Esq. 5 times this Court 1758 Absent from home May 15 to May 20 at night 6 days. Absent from home at the General Court from May 31 to June 17 at night 19 days. Absent from home at the Superior Court at Cambridge from July 31 to the 5 of August 6 days. Absent from home at Concord Court from Sept 5 to 8th — ^at night — 4 days Absent from home at the General Court (2d Sessions) from Oct 3 to 18—16 days At other times he dined at Mr. Boucher's, Mr. Joshua Henshaw's, Mr. James Russel's, Charlestown; at the Governor's (Thomas Pownal), Treasurer Gray's, Col. Wendall's, Mr. William White's, Mr. Thomas Fletcher's, Col. Brattle's, Judge Sewall's; at the Lieut. Governor's (Thomas Hutchinson), Mr. Irving's, Mr. Oliver's (the Secretary), Mr. John Bridge's, at his honour's, Ede's Printers, Royal Tylor's, F"aneuil Hall, Mr. Osburn's, Mr. Wheelwrights; at young Mr.Quincy's, artillery election in Faneuil Hall, 1760, at the invitation of Col. Phillips, Mr. Cotton's, at his Excellency's, Mr. Dana's; at the Castle with Capt. Sheafe, T. Cushing's. He reckons each year how much he has saved by dining out. 1760 At the January session of the General Court he records that he "dined out 22 times which saved me, 7/6 per, is £8:5:0. He was absent from home 52 days at this session and was sick at Mr. Loring's from Feb. 6 to 20. Jan'y. 1760. My attendance this session was 43 days @ 4/ £8:12:0 Travel 30 miles [4/ every ten miles) 0:12: Lawful money £9:4:0 "I had Colo. Stoddard's mare down this time went by Cambridge to Sampson & he rid the mare home: he took her at Charlestown." His itemized account of expenses while attending this session foots up £45:11:6. My whole wages this session £69: 0: Gained £23: 8: 6 840 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Feb. 19, 1760 Paid Mrs Polly who tended him while sick £2:5:0 Paid for Dr. John Loring for medicine 1 : 1 :10 I gave Mrs Allen's negro for going arrants&c 0: 4: 6 I gave Battis, Mr Hancock's coach man, for driving me down to the ferry 0:7:6 Feb. 21, 1760 I paid old Mr Edes for a Chaise I hired of him that day from Charlestown to Chelmsford 2:10: To paid him for his mare to draw the Chaise the same journey 3:0:0 I paid him the sd. Edes for his servant man Baker to drive me to Chelmsford for two days 1 :14: TAVERNS MENTIONED IN OLIVER FLETCHER'S ACCOUNTS. Billerica: Osgood's. Wilmington: Hathorn's. Bedford: Pollard's. Woburn: Richardson's. Reading: Damon's, Bryant's. LynEnd: Newhall's. Salem: Cutler's, Putnam's, Flint's, Manning's. Concord: Rope's, Brown's, Minot's, Roe's, Hubbard's, Jones's. Lexington: Raymond's. Charlestown: Abraham's, Steadman's. Cambridge: Bowers's, Bradish's. Boston: Boyleston's was on the site of the Parker House, Adams's, Bracket's, Wethered's, Capt. Day's, Silsby's, Bowers's, Brown's, Stone's, Flint's, Ridgeway's, James Fowle's (Charlestown ?), Black Horse. The Lamb was kept by Col. Doty on the site of the present Adams House on Wash- ington Street. NOTES AND CORRECTIONS 841 ADDITIONAL NOTES AND CORRECTIONS. Page 90. H. S. P., in the Chelmsford Eagle, stated that there was in the early days a garrison or block house on the high ground where All Saints' Church now stands, and also one where Thomas Moore once lived, towards West Chelmsford. Page 302. Admos, William is the same as Adams, William. Page 306. John Bridge engaged April 24, lyy^, not /77<5. Page 318. This Record should be added: Fletcher, Benjamin. Capt. 1st Co. 7th Middlesex Co., Regt. of Mass. Militia; list of officers, commissioned July 13, 1780. See also page 362. Page 350. This Record should be added : Warren, Isaac. 1st Lieutenant, Capt. John Minot's (1st) Co. (South Co. in Chelmsford), Col. Simeon Spaulding's (7th Middlesex Co.) Regt. of Mass. Militia; list of officers chosen by the several companies in said regiment; ordered in Council May 31, 1776, that said officers be com- missioned May 31, 1776; also, 1st Lieutenant, Capt. Stephen Russell's Co., Col. Samuel BuUard's Regt., Gen. Warner's Brigade; engaged Aug. 14, 1777; discharged Nov. 30, 1777; service, 3 mos., 29 days, at the Northward, including 12 days (240 miles) travel home; also, same company and regt.; pay abstract for retained rations; rations allowed said Warren from Aug. 14, 1777, to Dec. 11, 1777; credited with 120 rations. Page 353. For Clark, Col. Jonas, read Clark, ist Lieut. Timothy. Page 355. Third line from bottom. Foster, Ebenezer, born in Chelmsford, enlisted for Westford, so his record is not given. His death is recorded here. Probably there were numerous other natives of Chelmsford whose names do not appear here, although they served in the Revolution. Page 398. A few old Chelmsford families still live upon their ancestral acres: The Parkers and Bowers of Lowell; the Parkers, Perhams and Warrens of the Centre Village; and, until within a few years, branches of the Byam, Chamberlain, Emerson, Fletcher, Richardson, and Wright families, and perhaps others. Page 408. Seventh line from bottom. For John IT'. Wilson, read John H. Wilson. Page 445. Pigeon feathers constituted an article of commerce in 1787 at the store of James Robbins, South Village. John Mansfield had five pounds, ten ounces, to return as many of the same kind of feathers when called for. In 1824, a man and four oxen would do a day's plowing for $1.75. A man received 50 cents for a day's work. Potatoes were from 25 to 33 cents a bushel in 1830. In 1837, $4 would buy 100 lbs. of beef. Page 447. Sewall Parkhurst teamed the lime, made on Robin's hill and used in building the first mill in what is now Lowell. James Robbins also carted lime in ox-carts to the "Corpor- ation," and wood and hogsheads to the lime kiln for Artemas Parker in 1826. Page 456. Twenty-first line. For shirts read skirts. Page 569. Total Valuation of Chelmsford Schools, 1916, $154,568.45. Town Appropriation for Schools, 1916, $34,875.74. 842 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD LIST OF TEACHERS IN CHELMSFORD SCHOOLS DURING THE YEAR 1916. *AIberto W. Small Genevieve E. Jantzen tCharles A. Holbrook Martha G. Roark fArthur W. Trubey Catherine E. McDermott tEvan W. D. Merrill Katherine M. Quinn Edith L. Hart Mary A. Underwood Alice M. Pease Margaret C. Gookin Neda B. Freeman M. Grace McCue Edna Currier Bertha H. Long Gladys A. Merrill Catherine E. Dunn Susan S. McFarlin Kathryn E. Howarth Dora M. Wentworth Sara D. Ivers Eva F, Ladd Esther A. Reid Helena B. Lyons Ruth D. Crawford Eva M. Godfrey Mabel E. Haggerty Florence M. Stites Gladys Jenkyn Clara E. Macomber Elsie S. Wilder Helen M. Robinson Regina B. Frappier Ellen E. Coles Jessie M. Agnew Eleanor Berg Hazel R. Knowlton Gertrude A. Jones Almira Fuller Laura B, Desmarais JM. Marion Adams Mary D. Sleeper §Jessie Atwood Ella A. Hutchinson MEMBERS OF THE SCHOOL COMMITTEE, 1910-1916. George F. White William H. Hall John J. Monahan Charles H. Crowell John E. Harrington Celia B. Park Herbert E. Ellis Page 591. Ninth line from bottom. For H. P. read B. P. Hunt. Page 638. Twelfth line. Dele Naticot. Page 719. The names of Moses Davis and Hezekiah Thomdike should be added to the list of Revolutionary soldiers buried in Forefathers' Burying Ground, making the whole number 47. Moses Davis's grave is about 12 feet north of the Fiske montmient. Hezekiah Thorndike's grave is close to the Chamberlaine headstone of 1692, on Plan 21. Page 721. These records of Interments in Forefathers' Burying Ground, obtained after the others were printed, are here given for the sake of completeness. The Record here printed is supposed to end with 1913. Sarah Jane Bent. Dec. 31, 1913. Age, 83 yrs., 5 mos., 15 d. Frank W. Jenkins. May 13, 1893. Age, 47 yrs., 6 mos., 10 d. Sarah Tarbel Park. Dec. 26, 1913. Age, 80 yrs., 10 mos., 7 d. Henrietta M. D. Parkhurst. Dec. 13, 1913. Age, 80 yrs., 1 mo. Lucy Haywood Worthen. Oct. 12, 1898. Age, 2 yrs., 3 mos., 4 d. Page 752. Fourth line under W. For 1760, read I76g. *Super%nt«ndent of Schools. XSupervisor of Mutie. tPrincipai. iSuperviaor of Drawintf. NOTES AND CORRECTIONS 843 Pages 588 and 832. THE REVOLUTIONARY MONUMENT. (From the Chelmsford Memorial, May 2, 1859.) "The design for the Monument, submitted to the consideration of the Directors of the Association, is intended to be characteristic of the Men and Times of the Revolution; — plain, massive, and in keeping with the material, the native granite of Chelmsford, in its rough state. From a slight mound rises a terrace of three broad granite steps, square in plan, and intended to elevate the whole structure above the general surrounding level; above it is a square Base, supporting the Main Shaft, the lower part of which is squared to give space for tablets on each side, — the upper part rising in octagonal form. The Cornice is heavy and over- hanging, with arched brackets, common to the warlike towers of the middle ages, and producing a battlemented aspect. Above the Cornice, and crowning the entire monument, rises an octagonal block, supporting a bold and simple chaplet of oak leaves. The architect, Mr. Greely S. Curtis of Boston, has endeavored to express in this design, a rough, rugged strength, with solidity and simplicity, avoiding elaborate decorations and highly finished surfaces, as inappropriate in a memorial of the men to whom the monument is to be raised. It is entirely different in design, — ^as it is in character, — from any of the Revolutionary monuments yet erected; and from its originality, completeness, and dignity, has been much admired by those who have seen it. Its extreme height, if the full design shall be carried out in the construction (and this only depends upon the liberality of the members of the Association,) will be about twenty-seven feet, with a terrace of thirty feet square in plan, and the main shaft four feet in diameter." A writer in the same sheet hoped to see, on that venerated spot (the site of the Monument) hallowed by the associations of former days, an appropriate, tasteful monument, dedicated to the memory of those who were wont to assemble there* in "the time that tried men's souls," to counsel and encourage one another, and to consecrate to the sacred cause to which they had pledged themselves a liberal share of their scanty substance. t Let us do something worthy of our relation to a town which, in its generous sympathy and appropriations for the public welfare and patriotic supply of the sinews of war, in the eventful period of our country's struggle, was equalled by few and surpassed by none. Another item from the same paper; Dr. Matthias Spalding of Amherst, N. H., in his ninety-first year, and one of the few remaining links, connecting the present time (1859) with the infancy of our country, as a nation, still retains a vigorous niemory and hearty interest in all that relates to his native town. He writes, "I am interested to learn that a meeting of the residents of Old Chelmsford is to be held this week, to provide means and measures for the erecting of a monu- ment, commemorative of those patriot citizens who lost their lives in defense of their country's freedom, during the Revolutionary war. The infirmities of four-score and ten years have not effaced from my recollection, the scenes and feelings of that eventful period. Though but a small boy when the Battle of Bunker's Hill was fought, I remember the anxiety and alarm which it excited, for we children all expected to be Killed. My father. Col. Simeon Spalding, was summoned home, I think from the General Court, to join the forces at [Cambridge]. My [step-] brother Wilson was in the battle, and I have heard him often say, that he fired till the gun was so hot that he could only hold it by the stock. There were frequent consultations at my father's. Col. Parker's, Capt. Walker's, and other resolute and patriotic men. The report of the cannon was heard distinctly at Chelmsford, and we children, left alone with our mother, were glad to learn before my father's return, that the battle was •Within a few feet of the spot on which it is proposed to erect the monument, atsada an ash tree, which was there in 1775, beneath the branches of which the Chelmsford patriots of that day were accustomed to assemble for consultation on matters i>ertainiai; to the public welfare, tin a hollow of this tree money was frequently deposited for the use of the patriot soloter about to enlist in his country's service. 844 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD over. I well remember the deep interest felt in the incidents and final issue of the subsequent struggle. I recall with pleasure the names of my fellow- townsmen who were actually engaged in the cause of American Independence, and their determined bravery." Besides the losses at Bunker Hill mentioned on page 232, these also are recorded in the Massachusetts Archives: Joseph Osgood, £1. 6. John Adams, £2. 2. John Parker, 2. David Putnam, 1. 11. Samuel Haywood, 2. 14. Hezekiah Thorndike, 2. 5. Benjamin Peirce, 12. Daniel Keyes should be added to the list of those wounded at Bunker Hill (Page 355). Moses Barker and Elijah Hazelton were not of Chelmsford. A LIST OF MEN. May 1, 1775. Chelmsford. Timothy Adams Isack Barrot Samuel Adams Ebenezer Sheed David damon Salathiel Adams Ephraim Parkust Reuben Parker Beniamin Parker Jesse Spaulding Samuel Wilson William Bettes Nathen Crosby Beniamin Peirce Lewtenot John minot Ser. Silas Spaulding Ser. Jonas Pierce Oliver Adams David Parker Josiah Parkhurst Daniel Keyes John Spaulding Willard Peirce Moses Barron david Chambers Jams Chambers Jesse heywood Beniamin heywood Samuel heywood Teen Listed [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 59, p. 521.] A RETURN OF OFFICERS. In Obedience to a late Act of the Colony of the Massachusetts Bay The Training Companies together with the Alarm Lists in the several Towns: in the Seventh Regiment of Militia in the Count\^ of Middlesex: whereof Simeon Spaulding, Esqr, is Colonel. The Before Mentioned Companies are Dignified in the Following Manner. (Viz) Chelmsford. South Company first in Dignity Billerica East Co. Billerica West Co. 2nd. 3d. Chelmsford North Company 4th in Dignity Dunstable East Co. 5th Dracut West Co. 6th Bedford Co. 7th Tewksbury East Co. 8th Dunstable West Co. 9th Dracut East Co. 10th Tewksbury West Co. 11th f John Minot, Capt. •I Isaac Warren, 1st Lieut. [ Elijah Porter, 2d Lieut. [ Samuel Stephens Junr. Capt ■( Timothy Clark 1st Lieut [ William Manning 2d Lieut [Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 41, page 155.] May 31, 1776. The Council ordered these officers to be Cora- missioned. In the original the officers of all the companies are given. INDEX OF NAMES This index does not include the four preceding pages. In a few instances no attempt has been made to distinguish between persons of the same name. Abbot, Abbott — Abial 248, 809 Abicl (Dr.) 460 Abiel (Rev.) 883 Abigail 463 BenJ 165 Caleb (Capt.) 240, 448, 492, S62. 669, 684, 683, 722, 763, 818. Caroline Livermore .... 669 Cato 276, 284, 301 Daniel 267, 289, 301 Evelina Maria Antoin- ette 722 Fletcher 448. 563 Frank F 723 Gardner 448 George 432, 569 George A 378 Jamea 439 Jeremiah 245, 301, 354, 360, 366, 581. 622. Joanna 456, 780 Josiah 257, 301 Joaiah Gardner (Judge) 540, 663, 666. 567, 569, 589, 692, 713. Katherine M. Miaa 487 Lucy Ann L 722 Marcy M. R 732 MeUnthaL 723 Mercy 722 Mercy F 669, 722 Mercy Maria R 722 Nathan 669 Nehemiah (Dr.) 92. 237, 275, 402. 461. 463, 546, 570, 620. 622. 780. 790. 802. 825 Royal C 723 Solomon 257, 289. 301. 378. 812. Timothy 569 Widow 456. 780 Wm. 247. 288. 301. 354, 622 William Staokpole 722 Abbot Worsted Company . 657 Abbot & Co 657 Abbott & Fletcher 599 Abbotfa Ferry 481, 812 Aberjona River 638 Abington 795 "Abraham Davenport" .. 641 Abraham. Heights of 201 Abraham's Tavern 840 Academy of Medicine .... 562 Acadia 127, 138, 201 Aoadians . . 167, 169, 543, 826 ACKBOTD. George H 378 Acton 211. 212. 217, 218. 219, 268, 434. 441, 474. 476, 478. 621, 650. 659, 660. 701. 787. 809. Acton Street or Road 91. 92. 421. 434. 436. 436, 438, 439. 440. 472, 473. 546, 802. Adams — Abel 209. 283, 301, 362, 620, 719, 722, 761. Abigail 723 Abijah 721 Alice J. Wellington 585 Alvin 722 Amos Byam 723 Amos F. . . 398, 585, 586, 821 Annie L 723 Benjamin 46, 148, 275, 353. 360, 361. 362. 397. 457, 476. 556. 580. 589. 601. 620. 624, 625. 701. 721. 757, 758, 759. 764. 821. 827 Benjamin, Jr. . 179, 180, 721 Betsey 722 Bettey 721 (Capt.) with (Col.) Win- slow 165 Catherine Mary 722 Charles 685, 723 CharlesE 722 Charles Henry 723 Charles L 369 Clara L. Clouston 723 David 65, 260, 301 Eben (Dea.) 443, 457. 668. 722. EbenT 767. 768. 829 E. T. Mrs 586 Edward Everett 593 Emma J 723 Ephraim 763 Eather 415. 721 Eunice Cole 722 Frances Adelaide 723 Grace Pearl 723 Hannah 457. 720 Henry 385, 698 Henry K 722 Isaac 398.685.723 Jeaee (Capt.) 363. 413, 414. 430. Joel 396. 492. 540, 561, 663, 569, 589, 683, 684, 689, 722. 763. 764, 807. Joel Mrs 369 John 835 John 172, 247. 348. 249, 257, 260, 287, 301, 354, 360, 445, 559. 620. 701. 720. John (President) 14. 190, 203, 204. 807. John, JuD 360 John, 3d 620 John F 457 Adams — John H 723 John Quincy (President) 795, 798 John T. K 689, 723 Jonas 167. 880, 620, 721, 722, 759. Jonathan 89, 135, 276, 278, 360, 408, 444, 445, 620, 700. Joseph (Capt.) 65, 209, 263, 301. 397, 416, 560, 620, 678, 679, 719. 721, 723, 756 782 Joseph. Jr.' 287. 679. 759, 760 Joseph, 2d 402 Joseph E 369 Leighton M 723 Lucy 721, 722 Lydia 721. 723 L. Abby 732 Marcha 708 Martha Prentice 722 Martha P 722 Mary 26, 277, 278, 620, 721, 726. MaryE 722 Moses 212 Mrs 13i Nancy P. Worthen 723 Nancy Robbing . . . 685, 723 Norris 722 OUve 721.722 OUver 179, 180, 240, 262. 302. 361. 362. 620. 700. 786 Oliver Mrs 672, 786 Otis (Dea.) 225, 448, 563, 569, 583, 588, 589, 690. 592. 593. 683, 686, 723, 763. 764. 765. Otis. Jr 240 Felatiah 45. 90. 135, 302, 355, 590, 617, 621. 694. 721. Rachel 701 Ralph P 408. 400 Rebecca 95, 309 Rebeokah 731 Robert 247, 260, 302, 354. 360, 621. 701. SaUthiel. .302, 599, 719. 721 Samuel 20. 21. 22. 35. 36, 38, 39, 42, 43, 46, 47, 62, 66, 58, 60, 62, 63, 65, 67. 69, 85, 95, 111. 112. 122. 127. 131. 152. 163. 399, 401. 415, 526. 528. 534, 578, 585, 618, 678, 721. 764. 755. 801. 810. 835. Samuel, the Patriot 199. 203. 217. 454. 793, 794, 827. 828. 846 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Samuel. Jr 620 Samuel (Lieut.) 159, 262, 302, 360, 445, 670, 620, 720. Samuel, of Ashbumham 276, 278 Samud, 3d 621 Sarah 721, 722 Sarah C 723 Simeon 722 Solomon 209, 260, 302 Stephen . . 163, 164, 166, 169 Susanna 52, 399, 722 Thankful 722 Thomaa 3, 6, 9, 10. 11, 12, 20. 30, 37, 40, 45, 46, 47. 59, 74, 86, 90, 92, 121, 122, 127, 494, 578, 685, 617, 621, 764, 765. Thomaa 247. 248, 249, 250, 277, 278, 302, 354, 360, 397, 445, 585. Thomas A. (J.7) 457 Thomas J. 402, 556, 588, 601, 821 Thomas Minot 587, 723 Timothy 46, 91, 135, 240. 256, 259, 262, 302, 360, 586, 700, 720, 803, 807. Waldo 722 William 721 William 52, 273, 274, 275. 284, 302, 397, 457. 582, 657, 658, 666, 682, 719, 722, 762. WiUiam 723 WnUam, Jr 402 William H 722 Willie 240, 588 Adams House, Boston 840 Adams House, Charles. . . . 398 Adams Library 156, 172, 198, 205, 266, 285, 398, 435, 456, 459, 514, 548, 570, 585, 586, 589, 628, 796, 821 Adams' Mills 662, 664 Adams' Orchestra 593 Adams, (Dea.) Otis, House 398, 583, 588. Adams Square 454 Adams Street 38, 397, 435 Adams' Tavern, Boston . . . 840 Adams' Tavern, North Chelmsford 442, 668 Adams & Chapman 585 Adams & Roby 816 Addington — Isaac 130, 149, 433 Jas 128 Addison, D. D. (Rev.) . . 492 Africa 568 Aiken — Curtis A 605 Solomon 497 AiKENS, James 527 AiKiNS, Mr 793 AiNOER, Robert 259 ArvES (Lieut. Col.) 187 Aix-la-Chapelle 157 Albany 126, 127, 165, 167, 179, 183, 186, 188, 201, 261, 263, 786. Albany Flats 261 Albany State Capitol 673 Albro, John A. (Rev.) 704, 705 Alcott — Amos BroneoD 566 W. P. (Rev.) 655 Alexander — Elias 158 Alexander — George 369 James 256, 269, 302 Zachr 175 Alexandria, Virginia . . . 799 Alfohd — Jno.(Col.) 788,838, WiUiam 534 Alhort, Alexander 93 All Saints' Church, Parish 712 715, 800, 822. All Saints' Rectory 396 AUeghanies 72 Allen (Ref. to his Hist, of Chelmsford) 4, 5, 7, 18, 20, 21, 25, 49, 52, 53, 68, 81, 91, 125, 150, 200, 203. 230, 295, 355, 362, 363, 422, 432, 476, 484, 495, 497, 499, 505, 511, 514, 518, 520, 522, 523, 525, 541, 554, 557, 558, 626, 627, 632, 634, 637, 642, 650, 658, 660, 662, 665, 688, 691, 693, 697, 703, 772, 775, 776, 794, 797, 798, 801, 812, 814, 818, 825, 832. Allen, Allin — Arthur W 823 A. W 240 Benjamin 93, 158 Calvin 371, 722 Charles A. (Rev.) . . 686, 801 (Dharles Hastings 800 Children of Rev. Wilkee and Mrs. Mary 722 Elnathan 467, 799 George H. (Rev.) 702, 703, 704. Israel 799. 800 James Morrill 800 Jeremiah 607 John (Rev.) 9, 11, 17 John Clarke 722, 800 Liberty 799 Louisa A 584, 586 Lydia Pratt 467 Malachi 249 Mary 722, 800 Mary (MorriU) 800 Nathaniel Glover (Rev.) 712, 800. Sarah 800 Willces (Rev.) 35, 448, 467, 482, 502, 516, 524, 540, 541, 561, 563. 601, 681, 682, 683, 686, 712, 722, 799, 800, 801, 817, 818. Ambrose, Stephen 816 America 13. 72, 162, 195, 207, 214, 217, 238, 241, 296, 489, 502, 503. 504. 512. 534, 573, 581, 613. 659, 669, 698, 769, 772. American House, Lowell. . 442 "American Revolution," History of (Trevelyan) 828 American Statistical Aseo- ciation Collections . . . 627 Ames — John 662 Josiah, Jr 765 Nathan, Junr 360 Nathan P 475, 662 Amesbury 138, 174 Amherst 143, 223, 261, 363, 634 Amherst, Jeffrey (General) 162 Amherst. N. H.. . 440. 689, 802 Amherst Stage 440 Amoskeag (Manchester) . . 609 Amsterdam, Holland 774 Anabaptists 697, 699, 784 Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company . . . 534 Anderson — Cornelius 115 W. A. (Rev.) 715 Andover 74, 85, 110, 116. 117. 118, 124, 135, 138, 154, 248, 249, 271, 274, 432, 548, 550, 569, 802, 809, 826, 828. Andover Conference 714 Andover, Hist., Sketches of 828 Andover Line 523 Andover, Vt 550 Andre, John (Major) .... 274 Andress, Ezekiel 288 Andrew, Old (Indian) 632, 657 Andrews — Ammi 700 Bildad 168 Edward 621 Ezekiel 257, 303 John 378 Juliette E 723 Leonard 723 Leonora A 723 Nathaniel 168 Rebecca 723 Viola R 723 Wm. (Rev.) . . 685, 686, 687 Andros, Sir Edmund (Gov.) 132, 622. Androscoggin River, Little 163 Annanniesumsick Pond (New- field) 633 Annapolis 670 Annas, James 257, 288, 289, 303. Anne, Queen 138, 623 Anne Street 712 Annis — Ezra 353 Jacob 271, 353 Phinehas 249 Ansart's Ferry 813 Antilles 564 Anti-paedo-baptists 697 Antrim, N. H 814 ApLiN, Isaac 158 Appleton — Ebenezer 488 F. H. (Gen.) 221 Nathan 486 William 488 Appleton Academy^ New Ipswich 585, 808 Appleton Street 78 Appomattox Court House . 368 Arbuthnot, Marriott (Col.) 230. Archer, Samuel 837 "Ark," The 92, 456 Arkwright, Richard .... 486 Arlin, John 483 Armagh, County, Ireland . 698 Armstrong, C. (jeorge 598, 663 Arnold — Clara 723 John 676 Ashbumham 261, 276, 278 Ashby 212, 261, 357, 585 AsHURST, Henry 477 ASHWORTH — Christina 723 James 723 Assanunnickcom-misick, Annannieumsick .... 638 Atherton, Jonathan 124 Athol 356 INDEX OF NAMES 847 Atlantic Coast 73 Attantk Ocean 72, 73, 107 Atwood, Joehua 165 Augusta, Female Academy of 799 ATreoooD — Benjn 247, 303, 354 Joeeph 247, 303, 354 ArsTiN — Charles 378 Jonathan Williams 193, 195, 198, 200, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 303, 620, 760, 791, 806, 807. (Major) 828 Samuel 204 AvEBY, John 254 Ayer 376, 645, 671 Frederick 485 Frederick Fanning 397. 567, 713, 830, 831. James H.B 763 J. C. (Dr.) 397 J.C.Mre 397 Richard H 816 Ayer, Farm, J. C 533 Ayer Home 397, 493 Ayer, J. C. Co 665 Ayer's City, Road 400 Atnger, Robert 256 Atotte. E 408 Babee, Nurse 790 Bachelder, Samuel 563 Bachelor, Benj 175 Babcock (Archdeacon), S. G 715 Backe, John 55 Bacon, John 303 Bagden, Thomas 562 Baoi^t, Jonathan (Col.) 182, 183. Bagnet, Benjamin 134 Bailxt — Charles 725 David 249 Ebenezer 701 Eliiabeth 701 George D 588 James . . . 249, 267, 288, 353 John 249 Joseph 395, 396, 725, 763 William 353 Baker — Benj 175 Ephraim 776 Erastus D 390 George E 378 James, Jr 175 John 257, 303 John 459 John M 378 Mary 298, 777 Mary Bridge 776 William 27 William 408 Bakewell, T 288 Balch, Daniel 408 Balch and Cobum's Tavern 397, 493, 829. Batcom, Stephen W 408 Balcomb, Horace A 378 Baldinob, John 3 Baldwin, Bauldin, Badlb- win, boldwin — Benj 152 Cyrus 407, 479. 682, 688, 705, 816. EMeabeth 705 Jacob 262, 304 Baldwin — John 271, 363 Joshua 392 Loammi (Col.) 216. 240, 497. 498, 501, 503. 606. Mrs 801 Susanna 809 William 693, 694 William (Capt.) 178 Baldwin House 479 Baldwin Manufacturing Company 588, 667 Baldwin Mill 667 Baldwin Street 7. 33. 41. 480. 517, 525, 626. 569, 660, 704, 812. Ball, Abner 408 Ball's Bluff 820 Ballard — Joseph 460 Willjam 93 Ballou, Russell A. (Rev.) 686 Balser, Charles 408 Baltimore 819 Baly, Thomas 672 Bancroft — Caleb 270. 363 Ebenezer (Col.) 212. 270, 272, 363, 361, 791. James 210 Jonathan . . . 262. 303. 362 Kirk H 374 Samuel, Jr. (Capt.) 170. 238 Bank of England 623 Bankers' Trust Company. 673 Banks, N. P. (Governor) . 692 Bannister, Louisa 725 Banvard's Mississippi . . . 607 Baptist Church, Central 203, 435, 563, 693, 714. Baptist Parsonage 583 Baptist Pond 692, 632 Baptist Society, First 700 Baptist Vestry 468 Baptists (see Anabaptists) 697. 714. Barbenb, John 93 Barber, Barboub — Charles H 763 Robert 158 R. B 664 Bare or Bear Hill 633 Barke, John 617 Charles Alford 373, 378 David 175 Enoch 303 Joseph 303 Mary 793 Moses 256, 267, 258. 260, 289, 355. Mosea, Jr 256. 268. 288 Nathaniel, Jr 784 Sarah 260, 252 Barks, John 578 Barnard — John 613 Mr. (Rev.) 676, 792 Barnes — James R 408 Moses 134 Nathaniel 83 Thomas 700. 701 Barnstable 426 Barnstable County 468 Barb, John 378 Barrett, Bahatt, Barrat, Barhatt, Barett, Bar- ret, Babit, Barite, Baritt, Barrit, Barhitt, Behret, Berrett, Ber- ritt. Barrot, Barrott — Benjamin 124, 159, 162, 169. 174. 245. 255, 265. 267,' 303, 304, 354. 580, 695. Christopher 171, 620 Colburn 175 Ebenezer 724 Elizabeth 695, 701 Eph 152, 153 Fiske (Rev.) 686 Fransis 573 Hannah 547, 724 Isaac 256, 269, 279, 280, 289, 303, 304. 621. 828. James (Col.) 221 Jno 787 Jno. Mrs 787 Joel 214,369.620,701 John 45, 49, 51, 60, 63, 90, 94, 95, 134, 148, 150, 162, 189, 353, 404, 412, 817, 621, 679, 700, 754, 766. Jonathan 51, 134, 152. 403. 678. 724. 756. Joseph 60, 62, 63, 89, 134, 163. 164. 178. 190. 267, 287. 288, 308, 363, 617, 622. Josiah 476 Lemuel 273. 274. 30S (Lieut.) 132. 134 Lydia 620, 723. 724 Margreatt 573 Martha 96. 673. 574 Mary 696, 700 Moses . . .134, 531, 652, 677 Moses, Mrs 631, 652 Oliver 158, 280 Patrick 378, 810 Rachel 724 Samuel 134 Sarah 723 Simeon 247. 272, 303, 304, 364, 620, 700. Stephen 257, 353 Susan B 726 Thomas 40, 56, 60, 89, 134, 573, 674, 575, 617, 678, 724, 758, 832. William 164, 178, 258 Barre 441 Barron, Barren, Baron — Abigail 724 Abigail (Proctor) . . 244, 785 Benjamin 260, 288, 304 Charles 163, 165, 169, 171, 174, 175, 178. Edward H 378 Ellis or Eliseus 158, 244 Grace 244 Isaac 723 Jonathan (Lt.) 165, 189, 244, 363, 401, 402, 543, 544, 724, 768, 785, 786, 792. Jonathan Mrs 544, 785 Mary (Learned) 244 Mary Bunker (Richard- son) 244 Moses (Capt.) 39, 45. 55, 60, 89, 174, 244, 245, 304, 354, 396, 413, 430, 553, 654, 656, 617, 676, 677, 678, 723, 755, 766, 767. Moses, Jr 244, 4.30 848 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Babbon — Oliver (Capt.) 163. 169, 174, 193. 196. 198, 201. 207. 208, 209. 213, 214, 215. 220. 221. 244. 245. 246. 262. 273. 281. 291. 293. 304. 354. 361, 362, 366. 401. 416, 463, 542. 584. 609, 621, 680. 681, 698, 699, 724, 760, 761, 763, 783, 785. 787. 789, 790, 793. Oliver, Jr 361 Rebecca Prescott . 244, 544 Samuel 148. 149. 152, 153, 556, 757. 758. William 47, 174, 175, 188, 787 Barron's Tavern, Oliver . . . 542 Babrowb — Charles 166 CD. (Rev.) 714 Babbt — Luoretia Caroline 725 William 725 BaBTXiETT — Charles E. 38, 598, 802, 807 Charles E. A. (Capt.) 370, 371, 373, 379, 396, 585, 586. 726. C. E. A. Mrs. (Harriet M.) 458, 584, 586, 726. Erastus A. . . . 370. 379. 824 E. C. (Rev.) 715 George H 459 John Call (Dr.) 459, 464, 588' 686, 726, 804. J. Adams 92. 240, 369, 379, 397, 437. 458, 459. 585. 586. 602. 766. 767, 768, 823, 824, 832. J. C. Mr8.,(Maria J.) 369. 726 William 609 Bartlett Street 92, 435, 439, 659, 802. Babton — George H 372 George H. (Prof.) . . 459, 661 James H 372, 379, 819 Bassow, Joseph 151 Basteb, William 175 Batcheldeb, O. S 586 Batchelob, David 94 Bateman — Charlotte 398, 597 John (or Jonas) (Lt.) 93, 94, 169, 398, 701, 725, 816. PoUey 725 Bates, Battes, Bats — Abigil 545, 548, 621 C. H 458 David 159 Deborah 838 Hannah 143 John (Corp.) 19. 38. 49. 59. 89, 94, 115. 134. 247. 266. 258, 289, 290, 304, 354, 355, 403, 404, 512. 656, 581. 590, 616, 678, 723, 836. Jonathan 724, 759 Joseph 158 Lydda, Lydia 545, 725 OUve 725 Reuben 176 Robert (Sert.) 294, 648, 621, 724. Rates House 394, 395 Battis, Betteys, Bkttt. Batties, Bettbt, Bet- ties, Battts — Andrew 192, 279. 280. 286. 415, 416, 417, 444, 446, 620, 725, 784, 791, 792. 799 838 John '(Dr.) 277. 278. 279. 280, 285, 286, 287, 294, 305, 360, 392, 398, 446, 447, 460, 461, 462, 463, 622, 641, 720, 802, 814, 815. Mary ....285, 416, 726, 784 MoUey 726 WilUam . . 277, 278, 306, 620 Battles, John Q. . . . 766, 767 Baukb, John 60. 90 Baxter — Mr. (Rev.) 777 Richard 812 Wm 173 Bay State Street Railway . 671 Bayles, James 479 Batlet — Enoch (Capt.) 164, 167 Samuel 249 Beach, Richard 93 Beacon, Reuben 249 Beacon Hill 451 Beacon Street 674, 812 Beal's Tavern 440 Beals, Thomas 497 Bean — Caleb 169, 162 Eldad P 597, 766, 829 Minot A 408. 603. 605 Beab, John 93 Bear HiU Road 472. 473 Bear Swamp 633 Beabce, Beabse — Elijah D 376, 377, 666 Hubert 822, 823, 824 Beabd — Daniel 364 Jonathan 249 "Beaver" (brig) 299 Beaver Brook 39. 40, 52, 393. 435. 439, 440, 613. 633. 635. 660, 662, 664, 772, 773, 790. Beaver Brook Bridge 39, 40, 541 Beaver Brook Meadows ... 39 Beaver Manufacturing Com- pany 663 Bedford, Beadford 74, 146. 160. 212, 218, 219, 221, 222. 249, 292, 439, 474, 489, 644, 840. Bedford, N. H 711 Bedford Road 440 Beebes (Capt.) 97 Beethoven Musical Society 712, 818. Belchbb — Caroline 668 Daniel 668 Jonathan (Esq.) . . 155, 156 Bell — Alexander Graham .... 583 Joshua 271, 353 "Bell and Wing" (Ayer) .. 830 Belleville, Wm. E 606 Bellino, Titus 168 Bellows (Rev. Dr.) .... 667 Belnap, Samuel (Capt.) . . 211 Belvidere 80, 81, 135, 422, 486, 559. Belvidere Hill 647 Bemia's Heights 366 Bennett — David 171 Joseph 826 Bent — (Capt.) 174 Charles 726, 764, 818 Bent & Bush 448, 479, 483 Benton. J. H 579 Berkshire County 362 Berkshire Medical Institute, 662, 804. Bermudas 299, 3(M> Bebnabd, Francis (Governor) 191, 202, 203, 788. 789. Berry House 398 Berwick, Me 194 Betooeom, Simon 100 Beverly 166. 238, 485 Bewkwell, Bewkell, Bbw- kel, Thomas. . .266, 259, 305 BiCKFOBO, BlQFOBO A A. (Rev.) 702 Frank E., F. E. 603, 604, 829 John 445 Jonathan 213, 294, 621 Biddeford, Maine 799 Bigelow Carpet Company . 656 Billerica, Bellricke, Bilricka, Billiraca, Billirace, BiU- ireca, bilrioa, Billirrikey, Billericae 1, 4, 5, 6, 7. 13. 33. 34, 42. 46, 49, 70, 74, 78. 80, 86, 92, 94, 108, 110. Ill, 112, 117, 118, 120. 124, 126, 135. 136. 148, 150, 164, 164, 166, 169, 171, 174, 176, 212, 218, 219, 222, 224, 229, 233, 235, 237, 242, 243, 248, 256, 259, 266, 268, 275, 277, 278, 298, 299, 376, 399, 411, 436, 439, 443, 468, 469, 470, 471, 478, 474, 476, 478, 481, 490, 494, 496, 496, 497, 502, 503, 505, 612, 518. 622, 523, 528, 547, 672, 580, 619, 621, 622, 627, 629, 634, 662, 701, 702, 704. 780, 781, 789, 792, 796, 801, 807, 809, 810, 811, 833, 835, 840. Billerica Bridge. . 116, 494, 505 Billerica-Chelmsford (Line) 434, 469, 470, 472, 835. Billerica-Chelmsford Road 436, 437. Billerica Mills 602 Billerica Road 38. 39, 396, 397, 434, 435, 436, 438, 443, 803. Billerica Street 91, 392, 396, 397, 398, 439. 443, 624, 713. Billings, John T 374 BiLLSON, David 898 BiBCH, James 379 Bird — Charles T... 669, 764, 795 Francis W 682 BiBOE, Joaiah 151 Birge's Pond 633 BixBT, Thomas 158 Black Brook 30, 41, 42, 443. 479, 514, 526, 527, 628, 530, 633, 634, 635. Black Brook HiU 519, 633 Black Horae Tavern 840 Blackmeb, Warren A. . . . 871 Blackpoint Garrison 128 Blackatone Street, Bostoa . 697 INDEX OF NAMES 849 Blackwat«r 834 Bladdbn, Thomaa G. ... 379 Bl&isdell, Blabdell, Blask- DELL, BlaSSDELL, BlAZ- DEL, Blazdbll, Blaze- del, Blazedell, Blas- DALL — Aaron 305 A. M 54 Henry 165, 266, 267, 277, 278, 306, 356, 401. 700. Jacob 167 John 162, 163, 164, 168, 174, 175. Moses 167 William 174, 260. 266, 268, 305. 355. 620. Wm., Jr 288 Blake — Caleb (Rev.) 681 Elizabeth (Bridge) Mrs. 224. 298. 776. Increase 776 BULNCHABD Cuff 271, 353 Eleazer 622 Jeremiah 271, 353 John 39, 40, 45, 60, 89, 141, 611, 616, 773. Joseph 152, 153 Justus 249 Mary 580 WiUiam 497 Blanchard's Meadow .... 634 Blandford 650 BUnd Bridge 519 Bliss — Pliny C 603 Roy 408 BLODaETT, Blochet, Blod- OET, Bloged, Bloooed, Bloqobt, Bloooett — BenJ 152. 153. 431 Children of Simeon and Lydia 724 Daniel 3. 8. 9. 11, 37. 57. 60. 151, 724. 836. Ebenezer 723 EUzabetb 724 Ezra 457 FloyerF 588 Frederick W 588 (G) 457 Hannah 724 Hattie M 588 Henry 354,457 Jacob 160 John W 765 Joseph 167, 158 (Lieutenant) 239 Lydia 725 Marie 8 MoUy 705 Nathanel 723 Nehemiah .... 170, 171. 182 OUve 724 OUver 168. 162, 163. 181, 182 Orlando 228. 559 Reuben 724 Ruth 724 Simeon 294. 354, 421, 621, 705, 726, 735. Simeon, Jr 361 Thomas 136. 168 William (Lt.) 168. 353. 421. 621, 724, 758. Zaocheus 158, 159, 160, 181. 189. Blodgett's Brook 666 Blood. Blod, Bloode. Blcd — Able 270. 353 Benjamin 506, 720 Betty 724 Charles. . .457. 665. 763. 764 Coburn 816 Edmund 265. 267. 353 Elizabeth (WUlard) ... 473 Ephraim 570, 724 Isaiah 360 James 2, 9, 37, 39, 764, 835 John 473 Joseph 94 Josiah 247, 248, 249, 277, 278. 305. 354. 356, 621. Mary 809 Robert 172. 473 Samuel L. (Estate) 436 Shattuck 265. 267 S. L 458 WiUard 724 Blood Farm 5. 7. 473 Blood Place, (Captain) . . 633 Blue HUls of Milton 638 BOABDUAN. Sarah W 725 Bockenegont Plain 633 BoDOE, George Madison (Rev.) 94, 95. 96. 97. 110. 116. 116, 123, 126. 130. BoiET. Mr 447 Boise. Boies. Andrew J. 369, 379. BoKETT, Jamea 379 Bolen, John 277, 278 BoLiriELD, Samuel . . 272, 305 Bolton 649, 650, 660, 661. 804 Bolton Limestone 660 Bond. Phineas 8. ... 379. 588 Bond Street 440 BooMEK. J. C. (Rev.) 702 BOOTT John W 486. 488 Kirk 63. 407. 408, 440. 486. 486. 487. 488. 489, 492, 493, 494, 561, 582, 711. Boott Canal 78 Boott Mills 485, 486 Borden, Thos 240 BoROnoHS, Nathaniel . . . 260 Boston — James L 374, 379 John 175 Boston 19, 23, 26. 36. 38. 40. 41. 42. 65. 70. 78. 79, 81, 83, 87, 96, 97, 99, 101, 102, 106, 107, 108, 112, 114, 119, 124. 127. 128. 129. 131. 132, 133, 136, 142. 146. 148. 156. 164. 172, 176. 178, 181, 182, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198. 199. 200. 202, 204, 205, 206, 207, 210, 215, 217, 218. 219. 223. 224. 230, 231, 233, 234. 235. 237. 238. 240, 241. 249. 251, 256, 258, 265, 278, 281, 284. 299, 300, 355. 359, 364, 377, 392, 395, 398, 400, 403, 404, 406, 407. 412. 419. 432. 439, 440. 441. 442. 448, 451, 452, 454, 455, 463, 477, 479, 480, 484, 488, 489, 500, 501, 502, 503, 504, 505, 506, 507, 510, 520, 528, 533, 534, 535, 539, 554, 563. 570. 572. 573. 581. 582. 586. 586. 588, 590, 592, 593, 594, 596, 597, 607, Boston — Continued 611, 619, 623, 625. 627, 628, 630, 634. 639. 649. 650. 663. 666. 670. 671, 672. 673. 674. 679. 693. 699. 707. 710. 711. 714. 773. 774. 775. 776, 7TT. 781, 782, 784, 785, 787, 788, 789. 791. 792. 798. 795, 803, 807, 811, 817. 822, 826. 827, 838, 840. Boston Academy 797 Boston and Albany Stages . 441 Boston and Brattleborough Stage Line 441 Boston and Concord Boat- ing Co 815 Boston and Keene Stage Line 441 Boston and Lowell Rail- road 241, 397, 455. 470. 500, 504. 509. 510. 673. Boston and Maine Rail- road . . . 455. 470. 645, 670 Boston and Maine Station . 663 Boston and Ontario Rail- road 609 Boston, Clinton and Fitch- burg Railroad 510 Boston Common .... 451, 698 Boston Court House 623, 674, 826. Boston Gaol 233, 364, 574, 576. 576, 839. Boston Gazette . . 197. 198, 806 Boston Harbor 366, 502. 629, 636, 648. Boston Ice Co 671 Boston Market 444 Boston Marriages 776 "Boston Massacre" 193 Boston Neck . . . 193, 217. 233 Boston Patriot and Daily Chronicle 228 Boston Port Bill 206 Boston Prison (See Boston Gaol.) Boston Public Library ... 619 Boston Records 776 Boston Road 38. 47, 55, 91, 398, 400, 434. 435. Boston. Second Church in. 701 Boston Society of Civil Engineers 502 Boston Society of Natural History 651 Boston Stage 441 "Boston Tea Party" . 192. 299 Boston Transcript 223. 721. 814 Boston Transit Commis- sion 456 Boston Weekly News Let- ter 806 BoBWELL or BUBWELL. J. C 378 BoawoRTH. Henry E 688 Boucher. Mr 839 BouTON. Tilton C. H. (Rev.) 718 Bouton's Concord 810 boutwell. botttall. bootel. Boutell. Bowtall. Bow- tell — George S. (Hon.) 469 Henry 41. 55. 56. 60. 627, 628, 529, 632, 577, 836. John 176, 408 Thomas 176 Boutwell'a Meadow 632 850 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD BOWDOIN— Eliaabeth o^** James (Gov.) 202. 205, 215. 299. 356. 357, 364. 788, 839 Bowdoin CoUege 795, 796, 799. 804. Bowdoin Square 674 BowEN.D.V. (Rev.) .... 686 BowBN or Btjbn (7). James Idb BowEB (PowBK?) , Walter . 135 *°S'~ 172.529.678 Charles ^^ EU«abeth527. 529. 547. 723 nnonre 528. 547 SeF 547.548.598 George Roby 726 Hannah 529 Hannah Barrett M7 Hannah Kidder 547 Hannah R. F 726 I/ena 457 tee8:::::::::::475.487 Jerah.Jr •••• 530 JerathmeU (Capt.) 6. 41. 42, 43. 47. 57, 60. 70, 89. 95, lib. 120, 133, 134, 137, 138. 145, 146, 413. 431, 448 457, 481, 512, 513, 514. 521. 528, 529, 530, 631 532. 547. 553. 579. 617. 678, 723, 756, 758. John ........153.260,353 John Frye ' ■^^ Jonathan (Lt.) 153. 353. 474. 475, 629, 547. 658, 678, Jol^h (Col.) 42. 547. 548, 642, 725. _-„ Joeiah Fletcher • 726 Lu^ ..178.294,306,529 mS:: .529.545.621 Mary Grimes 547 Micajah • • • 475 Nathaniel 529, 723 Oliver (Corp.) 272, 294, 306. 529, 621. Rhoda Butterfield 548 Samuel ^^%^ slwair.41.527.528.530,548 Sylvia Fisher • • • • 548 William 165. 166. 167. Ib9. 171 180, 244, 260. 272. 306, 354, 360. 529. 545, 547. 621. ^26 Bo™'House"47.""397;'398. 478. 695. 642. Bowers Mills 4fo Bowers Saw Mill 489 Bowers Tavern . »4U BowLFT, Leander U O''' Bowman — „„ Ebenezer 260. 306 Edwin fj. Boxborough °^ Boy Scouts '*°% BoTD, WilUam 15^ Boyleston'B Tavern H4W Bracket's Tavern 840 Brackett. Priscilla 11^ Bradbury. Rolfe . ... . ■ • 768 Bbaddock, Edward (Gen.) 16/, Bradford "0 Bradford. Alden 6°" Bradibh. Jon o'o Bradish's Tavern 840 Bradlet — Amos 266. 268. 812 Joseph 499 Moses 174 Nathaniel 174 Peleg (Dr.) • • 467 Bradley's Ferry 484. 485. 498, 812. Bradstbeet — Catherine 446 Mary 446 Sally Mrs., (Sarah) 239, 446 Samuel 446 Sary 446 Simon (Gov.) 129. 446 Simon (Rev.) 446 Bradt — Barnabus 725 Henry 725 Margaret 725 Bbagq, Maynard 408 Braintree, Brantry 18, 39, 40, 85. 110. 241, 512. 573. 769. 833. Brattil. William (Col.) . . 461 Brattle — „ , „ . (Cornet) Thomas 103. 104, 538 Thomas, of Boston 771. 839 William (Rev.) . . . 676. 771 Brattle Street • . 674 Brattle Street Church 70. 204, 771. Bream (or Btam?), BenJ.. 289 Breed's HUl 225. 227 Brennan, George 708 Brenner, William 726 Brenon, Samuel 306 Brenton, William 82 Breton, Cape 157. 161, 181, 189. 250. Brett, John ■ • 45 Brewers (Capt.) . . . 180, 185 Briant— JcrGiny j.*"-* S. IngersoU (Rev.) 584, 586 Brick-kihi Road 436 Bridge — __„ ___ Abigail. 776,777 Benjamm 77b, 784 Ebenezer (Rev.) 15. 20. 59 67. 91, 189, 190. 202, 221 223, 229, 235, 238, 244 246, 251, 289. 295, 298 299, 300, 354, 355, 363 395, 412, 414, 419, 439 446, 456. 464, 542. 545 546. 648. 657. 658, 570 672, 583, 606, 622, 639 640, 642. 679, 680, 682 690. 693, 696. 697, 698 700, 710, 719. 725. 761 762, 770, 775. 776. 777 779 780. 781. 782, 783 784, 789, 792, 794, 814 815 Ebenezer, Jr. (Col.) 200, 203 222, 224, 228, 229, 231 232, 236, 238. 242, 243 246, 249, 250, 252, 2r,b 258, 270, 271, 286, 290' 300, 306, 355, 402, 782 787, 788. 789, 791, 792. Elizabeth 724, 770, 776, 777, 780, 784. Esther • • • <.°' Experience 77b, 777 Hannah 770 Jerusha ''° Bridge — John 224. 228, 236. 237, 243. 292. 306. 402. 621, 640. 777, 780. 788. 791. John (bro. of Rev. Ebene»er) 776. 785. 786. 787. 839. Katherine 724. 780 Lucretia 246. 780 Mary 776. 780 Mary Maccarty 776 Mary Mountfort . . 300. 792 Mary Pitts 300 Persis 776 Rachel 396 Samuel 224, 776 Sarah 300. 640. 724. 776, 780. 784. Sarah Elizabeth 290 Thomas 679 William 223. 224. 236. 277. 278. 279. 283, 300. 306, 354, 366, 395. 622. 682. 770, 776, 780, 791. 815. WUUam Stoddard 300 Bridge Family 770 Bridge Street 436. 440. 484, 486. 498, 664, 812. Bridge's Diary 298, 643, 648, 802, 805, 806, 827. (See "Diary," Index of Topics) Bridge's Sermons 642 Bridgeman. Laura 682 Bridges. George W 374 Bridgeton Academy 804 Bridgewater . .53, 85. 712. 796 "Bridle Road" 812 Brigade Band 591 Bhiggam, Thomas 3. 8 Brighton 444, 452 Brimstone Corner 597 Bbindlet. James 603 Brinlet — ,„„ Elizabeth Pitts 299 Francis 582 Nathaniel 299 Robert 299. 811 Sarah Elizabeth Bridge. 299 Bristol, R.I 1^2,795 British 217. 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 225, 226, 227. 229, 231, 233, 234, 235, 241, 250, 251. British Colonies 202. 223 British ParUament 207 Briton. Britton — Samuel 245. 256. 258. 289. 306. 354. Broad. Aaron 364 Broadstrebt (Rev. Mr.) . 676 Brocklebanck (Capt.) . . 123 BBOMriELD. Henry (Col.) 239. 298. Brookfield 84. 85. 96. 96, 97. 116, 118. 536. Brookline 788 Brooks — „_„ Charles A 379 Charles T 567 Col 228 Eleazer 212. 213 216 General 792 Goodwife • • »^<> John (MaJ.) 228, 229. 242. 503. ,_- Simeon t'^ Brooks Estate 506 Brookside 67.^ Brown. Browne — Aaron 506 Alexander 260. 306 Arthur (Rev.) 711 INDEX OF NAMES 851 Bbown — A. E. 96. 145. 222 292. 367 Benjamin 366 Col 791 Edmund H 379 _-Eleazer 41. 65, 90. 94, 404, 430. 612. 617. 553. 617, 765 756. Ephraim 426 Faustina A 726 Frances E 726 Frederick C 379 George P 379 Jacob 174 Jacob P 726 John .... 94, 270, 353. 704 John T 379 Lydia M 726 Marmaduke (Rev.) 710, 711 Moses 509 Samuel 175. 260. 270. 284. 306, 720. Susan Kittredge 726 Thomas 605 Timothy 485 William 116, 174. 256, 259, 307. 605. WilUam H 829 Brown House, "Old Joe" . 485 B own University . . . 585, 586 Brown's Ferry. . . 485, 497, 813 Brown's Tavern 840 Brownell, George 408 Brunswick, Maine. . . 795, 799 Bryant — Elirabeth Widow 298 Joseph 362 Lucinda 725 L. I. (Rev.) 705 Bryant's Tavern 840 B Street 220 Buchanan, James 605 Buck, W. E. (Dr.) 805 Buckley John F. 370, 373, 374, 379. BucKMAN, Joses 94 BuCKMASTEB, Patrick 374. 379 BncKMiNiBTEB, Lawsscn . . 212 BULKLEY Capt 172 Edward (Rev.) of Concord, died in Chelmsford, Jan. 2, 1695—6. Peter (Major) 127, 477 Bull, Amos 174 BuLLARD, Peter 266, 268 Bunker Hill 222, 225, 227, 228, 229, 231, 232, 233, 235. 240. 241, 246, 248, 250, 355. 395, 455, 546, 590. Bunker Hill, Battle of 208,218, 225, 230, 240, 250, 550, 689, 781, 795. Bunker Hill Day Outing . . 200 "Bunker Hill Monument Association" 240 Bunker Hill Street 597 BURBANK Jonathan 407 , Samuel 763, 764 BuRDQ, Bubo. Bubge — David 244. 307. 354. 621 . 698. John 22. 60, 90, 109, 122. 260, 353, 521, 656, 618, 694, 695, 700, 724, 755, 785, 836. John, Senr 50, 121 Lucy 786 Richard 162 Samuel 44, 135, 431 Sarah 695, 786 Sarah, Junr 696 BUKOESS — Jno 134 WilUam B 726 William Lott 725 BuBooYNK, Sib John (Gen.) Surrender of 228, 238, 263. 300, 590. BUBK, BUBKE John 168 Richard S. (Rev.) 709 Burlington 222. 780 BuBN. James 160. 153 BUBNES, BUBNS Owen 370 Richard 374 BuBNET, Charlotte L 705 BuRNBAM, Roswell S. 372, 374, 688. BuBB, David 158 BuBRiLL, John 175 BUBROUOHS, BUBBOWS Francis 477 Michael 374 Nathaniel 307 BuBT — Arnold 402 J. M. (Rev.) 706 (?) Moses (7) 307 BUSSELL, BUZZELL David A 396. 459. 796 David A. Mrs 458. 459 George W 379 Bussell Place 19 BuswELL or BoawELL. J. C. 373 Buwell House 396 Butler — Benjamin F. (Gen.) 488 Hezekiah 401 Priscilla Mrs 401 BUTMAN. BuTTMAN, BuTT- UON, BOOTNAM Amey W 705 Edw 288 Jona 705 Zebulon . . 166. 167. 169, 184 Butman Road 438 BUTEEFILD, BUTTERFEILD, BUTTEBFEILDE, BUTTER- FIELD, Anna 26, 621 Benjamin 2, 8, 9, 11, 30, 37, 39. 57, 60, 165. 166, 167, 169, 184. 185. 186, 236. 247. 256, 259. 262, 288, 289, 294, 307. 354, 516, 532, 545, 617, 621. 720, 723, 754, 836. Benj. Children of 724 Benjamin, Jr 361. 362 Benjamin Mrs 545 Berabin 37 Captain 785. 786. 837 Children of Benjamin and Olive 724 Cyrus 765 C. Frank 698 David 621 Deborah (Underwood) 139 140. Dexter 767 Eb 166 Ehjah 189 Emeline 725 Ephraim 621 724 George F 374 G. W 240 Jeremiah 170, 173. 178, 787, 838 Jesse 260. 262, 307 Jesse B 766 BUTTEHFIELD John 150, 166. 166, 361, 362, 457, 521, 563. 570. 599, 682, 724, 725. John H 372, 588 Jonathan (Capt.) 41, 43. 60. 140. 151, 152, 163, 163. 164. 165. 166. 169, 171, 174, 176, 180, 184, 186, 187, 189, 230, 444, 445, 630, 532, 644, 617, 724. Jonathan, Jr 431 Joseph 44. 89, 121, 135. 139, 152, 162, 178, 260, 262. 307, 512, 532. Keciah 621 Laura L 458 Leon 178 Levi 270 Lewis 475 Louisa 457 Lydia (Ballard) 139 Mary 8, 726 Mercy 724 Nathaniel 60, 89, 121, 134. 140, 159, 162, 163. 164, 165, 166, 167, 169, 173, 189, 353, 612, 632, 556, 617. Philip 260, 307 Rhoda 547, 548 Robert 165, 166, 167. 169, 189. Samuel 89, 134, 145, 146. 147, 163, 277. 278. 512. 632, 621. 725. Sarah 529. 723. 724 Simeon 529 Wm 173, 174, 175, 178 Butterfield'sCo., (Capt.) . . 787 Butterfield's Highway ... 34 "Butterfields of Middlesex, The" 532 Butters, Samuel 816 BuTTEHwoRTH, John H. . 409 Buttrick — Grosvenor 408 Nathan 725 William 3, 8, 10 Buttrick's Hill 221 Byam, Biam, Byham, Byum, Bream — Abraham 49, 89, 135. 404. 694 Albert S 819 Amos 550. 725 Amos Adams (Capt.) . . . 714 Benj. 159, 162, 164, 174, 175, 257, 288, 289, 307, 570, 786. Bernard Haines 726 Charles W. 41, 55, 280, 399, 426, 726, 802. Charlotte Bateman 398, 597 Daniel P. 369, 374, 379, 672, 720, 824. Edith M 726 Ehza H 726 Ephraim A 372, 380 Ezekiel 398, 402, 463, 492, 696, 597. E. G 596 Frank C 586, 605 George 11, 21, 37, 39, 40. 48, 55 ,69 ,61, 616. George A. 55, 374, 380, 438, 726, 706. George H 726 Henry 445. 620 Isaac 398 James S 408, 603. 606 John 40. 265. 267. 294, 307, 308, 360, 620. John 435, 436, John, Jr 282, 360 852 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Lovina 725 Mary Mrs 725 Mary Jane Proctor 726 Mary J 726 Mar^S 582.583 MiloF 642 Otis 726 Rebecca, Rebeckah 697, 725 Relief Spaulding 726 Revere Colby 726 Rufus E 372 Samuel L 713 SewaU.. 459 Simeon 398, 725 Solomon 701 Solomon E 564. 765 StiUman 372, 374, 380 Thomas 169, 162, 164, 171, 173, 176, 178, 209. Widow 572 Willard 238, 264, 308, 597, 725 WiUiam 697, 725 Byam, Billy. Place 398 Byam. Carlton & Co 596 Byam. C. W., House 398 Byam, D, P., House 398 Byam, Ex eldel, House 394 Byam, F. C, House 398 Byam, John, Place 398 Byam Road 439 Btfibld — John 458, 663 Mildred Armstrong 726 8. Jennie 726 Byfield Manufacturing Company 663 BTiNaTON,EiraHoyt(Rev.) 693 Btlks, Mather (Rev.). 641, 775 Cade, John 380 Calacumbine 119 Calhoon, Martha 714 California 803 Call, John (Dr.) 804 Callahan — BartlettO 380 James 380 Michael (Rev.) 709 Callendeb — John (Capt.) . . 225, 227. 228 Calvert, William 673 Calvin. John 690 Calvinistic Methodists . . . 697 Calwbll. William 249 Cambel. Cambell. Camp- bell — Hannah 622 Archibald, Lt. Col. . 223, 240 L. W 372 Robert 158 WilUam (Corp.) 232. 245. 255, 258, 290, 308, 354, 670, 622. Cambridge 1, 11, 14. 24. 41, 67, 73, 74. 76, 82, 94, 95, 101, 114, 116 136 142, 143, 144, 204, 207, 211, 216, 223. 224, 225. 228, 229, 232, 235, 236, 238, 243, 246, 260, 261, 256, 257, 263, 266, 268, 270, 271, 274, 284, 289, 290, 292, 293, 295, 300, 355, 357, 366, 401, 412, 419, 439, 461, 477, 480, 627, 528, 529, 549, 654. 555, 563, 590, 612, 650, 666, 668. 674, 676, 699. 700. 769, 770. 771. 775, 780, 790, 791, 795, 803, 807, 830, 835, 839, 840. Cambridge Cadets 241 Cambridge, Church of . . . 27 Cambridge Registry 514 Camden, Maine 799 Camden Court House . . . 673 Cameron, Allan .... 377, 552 Camp Suffolk 368 Canada. Cannada, 83, 127, 162, 169, 171, 173, 174, 237, 242, 275. 601, 602. 631, 642, 639. 647. 669. 787. Canada Expedition 787 Canadian Line 433 Canady. Mr 704 Canal Road 436 Canterhook, Kinderhook . . 185 Canton 704 Cape Breton 543, 787 Cape Cod. . . 420, 425, 647, 651 Cape Haytien 568 Capbn, Jo8iah(l8tLt.) . . . 211 Capron, Jonathan 265, 267, 353 Cakoill, Hugh 279, 280 Cabit (7) (Barit (7)), Joseph 308 ""tl^- 260 Joseph 260, 308 Carl. Anthony 380 Cablbton. Carlton — Amos 589. 684. 686. 7o3. 764 Betsey Sumner 753 David 371, 727 Dorothy 727 Electa M 727 George 753 John 353. 727 John. Jr 257.353 Joseph 408 Mary J 727 Sarah 727 Susan 727 Susannah '27 William 370. 727 Carleton Place 399 CarUsle 7. 29. 45. 51. 74. 155. 200. 218, 219. 376. 377, 426, 455, 468, 469, 470, 472, 473, 474, 478, 548, 664, 566. 660, 627, 634, 635. 660. 701. 714, 779. 785. Carlisle Copper Mine 659 CarUsle Line 435, 436, 438, 664 Carlisle Pines 648 Carlisle Road 438. 472 Carlisle Street 399. 400. 436. 472. Carlyle's Sartor Resartus . 666 Carney. Thomas 374 "CaroUna P ain" 88. 433. 625. 656. 633. Carpenter. Thomas 168 Cabtbb — Col 788 Jabeii 249 Michel 360 Carter's Hotel 402, 441 Jonathan (Capt.).. 178, 620 Mary Davis Mrs 299 Casoo, Treaty of 126 Caselton 261 Casey. James 380 "Cassenobia," N. Y 229 Castle, WiUiam 807 Castle Island 204 CathoUc Cemetery 619 Cathorn, John 289 Catun, John (Capt.) 159 Causeway Street 454 Cavendish 261 Caverly, Indian Wars .... 77 Cazeacx — EUiabeth W. Pitts 300 Gerard 300 Centennial Celebration, Social Library 585 Central Baptist Church 706, 822. Central Bridge . . 498, 499, 832 Central Bridge Corpora- tion 498, 812 Central Congregational Church 714, 822 Central HaU 369 Central Hotel 458 Central Square 395, 396, 397, 439, 595. Central Street 620 Centralville 559 Centre Street 434, 435. 437, 439, 440. 714. Centre Village 220. 373, 393. 439, 440, 444, 459, 510, 557, 601, 663, 664, 672, 703, 705, 706, 714, 720. 805, 813, 820, 821. "Century of Population Growth" 628 Chadbocbn, Chadbocbne — B 254 George S. ".'.'. '. '.'.'.'. '. '. '. '. 707 Chamberlain, CHAMARLiNa, Chamberlan, Chamber- laine, Chambeblayne. Cbamberlin. Chamber- line. Chambeblino. Chamblinq. Chambblin — Aaron 171. 191. 195. 209. 214. 222. 247, 262, 309. 354, 361. 362, 416, 699. 620. 621, 699. 760. 761. Aaron, Jr. ... 615. 701. 762 Abel 294. 308. 309. 360 Abigail 726 Adams 713 Anna 726 Asenath 738 Asenath Manning 727 Benjamin 150. 152, 153, 164, 171, 175, 265, 267, 276, 278, 279, 287, 289, 308, 309, 355, 445, 492, 520, 560, 620, 683, 719, 726. 727. 758. 759. 763. 764. Benjamin, Jr 308, 620 Benjamin, 3d 309, 397 Bettey 726 CaroUne 738 (Deacon) 236, 793 Edmond 27 Edmonde 3, 9, 27, 37, 40, 60, 567. Edward H 458. 805 EU«abeth 141, 154 Harriet M 727 Ichabut 726 Isaac 271, 309, 354, 360, 496. 541. 681, 719, 727, 761. 793, 814. Jacob 620, 726 John 154, 155, 172 Joseph 151, 153, 727 Judeath 726 Loammi 373, 589, 766 Loammi Mrs 369 Lydia 726 Mary 27 Mary (wife of Edmond) 26, 27. INDEX OF NAMES 853 Chamb erlain — Mary (wife of Joseph) . . 727 Mary (wife of Thomas) 26, 717, 726. Moriah J 727 Nathaniel 361 Olive 567, 727. 818 Phineas 279, 280, 360. 620. 727. Rebecka, Rebeckah ... 726 Samuel 134, 141, 148, 149, 160, 167, 169, 160. 161, 162, 264, 265, 267, 277, 278, 309, 363, 360, 414, 446, 463, 476, 481, 626, 625, 726. 767. 758, 759 Samuel, Jr 767 Sarah 727 Sarah (Proctor) 141 Susanna 701 , 726 Thomas 3, 9. 11, 22, 37, 40, 51, 69, 132, 141, 162, 153, 164, 361, 617, 717, 765. Thomas. Jr. 59. 90, 121, 135, 617. Thomas. Sen. 90, 109, 121. 122. 135. 362. William 3, 8 Chamberlin's Corner 5, 46, 436, 631. 558, 633. Chambers — David 245, 256, 258, 309, 364, 621. James . . . 256, 259, 289, 310 John 245, 255, 258. 289, 310, 354, 622. Joseph 256, 259, 289, 294, 310, 485. Matthew 354 William 232, 245, 255, 258, 260, 262, 294, 310, 354. Champlain, Sieur de. . . 73, 75 Chancellor, F. (Mayor) . 14 Chandler — Abigail Ann 727 Bert Warren 367 Eph 152 Isaac 266, 267 James 408 Moses 260, 311 Seth 408 WilUam 118 Chaney. John 260, 311 Chapin, Arthur B 370 Charles. A. G 369 Charles I, King 72, 410, 613. 825 Charles 11, King 64, 410, 613, 826. Charles River 72, 123, 500. 503. 504, 606. 613. Cbarlestown. CharlsToune 1, 74, 99. 102, 116, 118, 119, 207, 211, 215, 231, 235, 236, 237, 266, 268, 298, 364, 392, 406, 410, 411, 412, 413, 441, 442, 444, 445. 446, 500. 504. 505. 506. 529, 538, 572, 589, 697, 612, 627, 637, 699. 710, 711, 712, 773. 803. 804. 807, 839, 840. Charlestown Court 413 Charlestown Ferry . . 298, 838 Charlestown Mill Pond 501, 602, 606. Charlestown Neck 221, 222. 226 Charlestown, N. Y 261 Charlestown, W. Va 704 Charlestowne, Church of . . 27 Chase — Ada F. L 458 C. C 219, 260, 493 Joseph A. (Rev.) 458, 464, 686, 687. Chaunct (Rev. Dr.) 791, 806 Checkley, John (Rev.) . . . 692 Checkley, Slafter's Memoir of John 692 Chelmer River 834 Chbver, Cheever — Ezekiel 499 Moses, Jr 475 Cheever's Land 489 "Chelmsford Academy" 564, 665, 567, 583. Chelmsford Agricultural Society 584 Chelmsford Appolonian Temperance Brass Band 479 Chelmsford, The Baptist Church of Christ in . . 703 "Chelmsford, Bells of Old" 688 Chelmsford-Carlisle Line. . 473 Chelmsford, The Central Baptist Church of . . . 706 Chelmsford, The Central Congregational Church of 714 Chelmsford Centre (See Centre Village). Chelmsford Centre Band . . 823 Chelmsford Centre Meet- ing House, Proprietors of 685, 686 Chelmsford Church 250 Chelmsford Church Record 226, 229. Chelmsford Classical School 540, 563, 564, 818. Chelmsford Committee of Correspondence (See Index of Topics). "Committee." "Chelmsford Company". . 673 "Chelmsford Coons" .... 459 Chelmsford Courier 441, 461, 593. Chelmsford Directory . . . 663 Chelmsford Eagle 460, 594, 596, 630, 827. Chelmsford, England.. 14,833 Chelmsford Farmers and Mechanics' Associa- tion 464 Chelmsford Fire Depart- ment 408 Chelmsford Foundry Co. 659, 666, 671. Chelmsford Free Public Library 584, 586 Chelmsford Glass Company, Works, Manufactory 484, 658, 718. Chelmsford Granite . 506, 637, 673. Chelmsford High School . 643 Chelmsford, Allen's His- tory of 448, 482, 516, 540, 693, 825 (See Allen). Chelmsford Limestone. 643, 662 Chelmsford Literary Union 458 Chelmsford-Lowell Line . . 471 Chelmsford Meeting House 629 Chelmsford Mill Company 664 Chelmsford Minute Men 240, 241. Chelmsford Monument 589, 590. 591, 692, 843. Chelmsford Monument, Inauguration of 589 Chelmsford Monument As- sociation ... 241, 588, 589 Chelmsford Neck 712 "Chelmsford Old Town" . . 813 Chelmsford Phoenix 693 Chelmsford School for Deaf 682 Chelmsford, Second Con- gregational Church in . 704 Chelmsford Social Library 583, 584, 585, 587, 796. Chelmsford Social Library, Centennial Celebra- tion of the 796 Chelmsford Spring Com- pany 663 Chelmsford Street 228, 396. 402, 434, 436, 437, 470, 541, 548, 559, 560, 645. 649. Chelmsford Town Meeting 497 Chelmsford-Tyngsborough Line 472. 649 Chelmsford Veterans'Asso- ciation 369. 370, 823 Chelmsford Village Im- provement Association 832 "Chelmsford Vital Records" 721, 826. 832. Chelmsford Water District 698 Chelmsford-Westford Line 472 Chelmsford Woolen Mills . 673 Chelsea 224 Chenceford and Misticke Bridges 494 Cheney, Leroy A 727 "Cherokee" (steers) 444 Cherry Valley 355. 690 Chester 660 Chesterfield 363, 650 Chesterfield, N. H 802 Chestnut HiU 393, 426, 440, 633. 676, 680. Chioopee 662 Child, Linus (Hon.) 592 Chizm or Chizen, William. 311 Choate, Alfred R 588 Christ Church, Boston ... 217 Christie, Christy — Chas 240 Lieut 237 Christophe, Henri, King 568 Church, Jon 174 Church of England (See Eng- land). Church of England, Mem- bers of, in Chelmsford 710 Church Street 437 Churchill, Samuel S. . . . 407 Cincinnati Medical College 662 City Hall, Lowell 485 Civil War, The . 223, 378, 596 Clancey, Daniel 380 Clap, Clapp — Elisha 681 John 176 Clapper, Clark 373 Clarendon 261 Clark, Clarke — Abigail 770 Adrian 743 Benjamin 271.363,838 B. F. (Rev.) 705 Charles Danforth 370, 371. 713, 727. Edwin R 686. 598, 603 E. R. Mrs 459. 686 Eli«abeth 143, 407, 480, 482, 483, 545, 648, 621. 726, 770. Eliiabeth A. Prescott . . 727 Elitabeth Cook ... 770. 837 854 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD CtABK — Frances 586, 603 Isaac 212, 360 John 93, 403, 408, 583, 770 Jonas (Col.) 67, 143, 163, 353, 397, 401, 479, 480, 481, 482, 483, 521, 622, 524, 548, 678, 694, 726, 767, 758, 770, 776, 812, 813, 838. Jos 174 Joseph W 727 Lucy (or Lucia) 87, 143, 770, 773. Margaret 770 Mary Mrs 70, 726, 770 Nicholas 770 (Rev.) Mr. of Lexington 786 Sarah 770 Thomas . . 157, 158, 260, 311 Thomas (Dep. Sec) 172 Thomas (Rev.) 15, 65. 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 87, 101, 134, 137, 143, 144, 404, 407, 473, 477, 480, 482, 612, 513, 528, 539, 548, 674, 675, 726, 770, 771, 772, 773. 837. Thomas March Rt. Rev. 713 Thomas M. . . 486, 489, 499 Timothy 191, 277, 483, 559, 670, 621, 726. 755. 760. 770, 812, 829, 841. William E 374 Clark School at Northamp- _,, ,ton 682, 583 Clark Tavern 478, 480 Clark's House 788 Clarke's Ferry 480, 484, 494. 812, 813. Clark's Ferry Road 812 Clarson, Josiah 93 Cleubnt — Arthur M 377 Daniel 171 George W. (Dr.) '.'. 533 Moses 174 Wm ' ' 174 Cleveland, Clbavland, Cleaveland — Enoch 247, 256, 258, 289, 290, 311, 312, 354. Grover (Ex-President) . . 45 Josiah 65, 134 Moses 46, 92, 93, 121, 157 Samuel 44, 46, 66, 93, 94. „ 121. 157. Clintok — De Witt 504 William 713 Clinton 441, 656. 657 CLOasTON — John G 727 Manr J 727 ^ WilUam H. S 380 Clocoh — Daniel 171. 257. 312 David 271, 358 WiUiam 257 Cobb, Edward (Capt.) ... 795 CoBBBT, CoBBETT, ThomaB9, li CoBBT, James 270 CoBBK, Josiah 360 COBOBN, COBORNS, COBURN, COLBORN, COLBURN Alfred (Rev.) 706 Asa 260. 312 Caleb 171.257,262,288.312 Daniel 497 Edward 69. 90, 115, 131, COBDRN Edward, Jr 536, 617 Edward, Sen. 59, 90, 636, 617. Eleazer 260, 353 Ezra 135, 410, 411 Franklin 549 George B 380 Henry 373,493.681 Henry Adams 370 Henry H 390 Henry Mrs 681 James 457 Jeptha 266, 268 Jerahmel 353 John 59, 90. 135. 143. 149, 152, 168, 531, 617, 812. 826 John H 374 Lucy 529 Moses 153 Moses B 497 Nathan 265, 267, 353 Peter (Captain) 227 Peter, Jr 497 Robert . . .59, 536, 617 826 Sally 457 Samson 287 353 Silas 277 Thomas 59, 90 142, 143, 152. 431, 617, 826. Walter 707 Warren 489, 561 Zachariah 162, 171 Concord 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 11, 27 33, 35. 65, 73. 74, 75, 82*. 85, 86, 87, 94, 108, 110. 115, 116, 118, 120, 123, 126, 141, 144, 145, 162, 168, 175, 200, 203, 204 207, 208. 211, 215, 216 217, 218, 219. 220, 221 222, 223, 232, 237, 264 266, 281, 283, 356, 362* 365, 397, 404. 419, 421 426, 430, 443, 457, 473 474. 475. 477. 478, 494. 549, 552. 659. 563, 567 574, 578, 580, 588, 591 619, 621, 633, 656, 657 710, 718, 788, 791, 793' 794. 799. 807. 808. 811 816. 817, 826. 833. 838.' 840. Concord Bridge 222, 494 Concord Court 579, 839 Concord Fight, The 216ff Concord Gazette 490 Concord, History of (Shat- ^ tuck) 658 Concord Iron Works 657 Concord Neck 75 Concord, N. H. 96. 439, 442 452, 454. 501, 502, 503' 505. 509, 670. 815, 816 ' CoBBON, Willard . . ' 461 Concord, N. H. Stage Line 441 Cobum House, Houses 394, Concord River 1. 2, 4, 6, 7, 33, 398, 548, 549. Cobum's Tavern, Balch & 397 Cocheca, Cocheeckee. Co- checo 120, 130, 539. Cochitawit (Andover) Co- chituate 74. 709 Cochran, Thomas . . 799, 819 Cochrane, Thomas. ..... 380 CoPKEY, Henry 380 Cofmn — Dorcas 727 Peter Ift9, 130 COGQIN — Jacob 680 Mr. (Rev.) 793, 794 Cohasset 650 CoLBT, James 353 Cole — Joseph (Capt.) 795 Samuel 810 Cole and Nichols 594 College of Physicians in New York City 562 CoLLBR, James 153 Collier — George L. (Rev.) 707 John A 380 Collins — Benjamin 116 John C 380 Moses 175 Colonial Dames, Massa- chusetts Society of . . 136 Colonial Laws of the Ninth Year of Queen Anne, (1710) 445 Columbian Centinel 440 Columbus Avenue, Boston 241 Combs. Medad 171 Committee on Naming Streets 434 Commonwealth Avenue. Boston 448 Company F. Unattached ,00 ,„ . ., - ---I Cavalry 241,376 133, 136, 142, 143, 535, Compton. R. 1 285 5.36, 538, 826. ' Conavt (Col.) 237, L>39 34, 38, 42, 74, 78, 80, 116. 393, 422, 443, 469, 470 471, 485, 486, 490, 493* 496, 497, 499, 502, 503' 505, 511, 512. 514, 516, 519. 523, 625. 528, 540 541, 560. 607, 632, 634* 635, 636. 638. 649, 662! 812, 813, 818. Concord River Bridge 494, 562 Concord River Mill Pond. 506 Concord River Neck 517, 540 541, 552, 559. 560, 632.' 813. (See also Neck in Index of Topics.) Concord Roadway 45, 392. 435. 436, 443. Concord Street 472 Congregational House . . . 674 Congregational Order 697 Congregational Society, „ First 10, 675 Connecticut 64, 76, 499. 601, 571. Connecticut Colony 579 Connecticut River . . . 502, 503 CoNNELL. Charles M. 370, 372 Connellt, James 380 Constitution of 1780. . 570, 693 Continental Army . . . 204, 295 Continental Congress 204, 208. 209. Converse, James (Major) 6. 32, 136, 138, 149, 477. CoNWAT, Michael 380 Cook — Charles R 727 Clement H 727 Elisabeth 770 James (Mayor of Lowell) 592 Nelson C 370, 727 Coolet — B. F. (Rev.) 459, 460. 694, 713. John 174 Coolidoe, Owen 632 CooMB«. William 499 INDEX OF NAMES 855 Cooper — John, Jr 529 (Rev. Dr.) 791 COPELAND David A 371 David B 727 CopLET, John Singleton . . 299 Copper, Thomas 60, 017 Copperas Mine 659 CoRBETT, William 175 CoRBiN (stage driver) 443 CoRET, CoART, Core, Corret, CORT, COBRT Benjamin 157, 158, 162 Elijah 257, 353 Ephraim 152, 153, 178 Esther 700 E«ra 178, 260, 312, 355, 620 George 727 Harriet L 727 leaiah 171 John 134, 151, 153. 158. 171 Josiah 153, 700 Josiah Mra 787 Mr 445 Oliver 173, 175, 176, 177, 178, 256, 259, 273, 274, 289, 312, 313, 362. Reuben i65 Samuel '. . . 353 Simeon 165, 166, 167, 169. 189. Solomon 171, 174, 175 Stephen 312 Thomas 45, 60, 90, 134, 553. 578, 617. WilUam 164, 366 Zebadiah 164 Corinthian Quartet of Boston 586 CoRLKT, Hepaibah 264 Corlew, Rufus E 599 Corliss — John 250 252 Lawyer (H. G. F.) 251 Cornell. H. A. (Rev.) 586, 706 C0BNWALLI8, Lord Charles (Genl.) 300 Corporation Hospital 485 CoRTHELL, William E 380 CoBTL, Alexander H 657 Cottage Row 437 Cotter — John J 380 Cotton — John (Dep. Sec.) 788 John (Rev.) 239, 573. 791, 793. Maria 573 Mr. 839 Roland (Clerk, House of „ Rep.) 159, 161, 789 Samuel 497 "Country Way" 527, 528 County Court Records 85, 494. •^i 495, 496, 810. County Road 439, 830 Courier-Citi«en History of Lowell 468,489 Court of Common Pleas. . 232 Court of the Massachusetts Catholic Order of Foresters 710 Court Wannalancit (No. ^ 171) . 710 Coventry, England 809 CovERLT, Nathaniel 299, 593, 703. COWDRBY, COUDHE, COWDRE, COWDRT Ebene«er 398 Matthias 150, 726 Nathaniel 313 Saml 165, 174, 175, 178 CowiN, James 158 C0WIN8, Job 175 CowLET, Charles 73, 75, 78, 110.486,826,834. Cox, Mary 576 "Cragie" Farm 480, 482 Crane Meadow 634 Cranney, William 158 Chanson, Amasa 211 Craven's Falls 509 Crawford, Craford — John 271,. 353 Roy P. (Rev.) 707 Crehen — Dennis 374 ^ John 374 Cressy, J. J. (Rev.) 713 Cromwell, Oliver. .1, 410, 825 Crooked Springs Brook 633. 634 Crooked Springs Road 436, 438 Crosby, Crosbe — AbbieF 435,4.58,459 Benjamin 620, 700 Danl 157, 158 Ephraim 240 Jacob 249 Joel 257, 266, 268 John 272, 284, 313 Mary 701 Nathan 701, 790 Nathan, Jr 620. 700 Nicholas 143 Samuel 172 Simeon 622 Simon 94 Solomon 178 William O. (Prof.) . 643, 645 Crosby House 12, 38, 394, 395 Crosby Lane 394, 439 Crosby Place 38, 435 Crosby, Nathan, Place 398 Cross, Nathan 153 Cross Bridge 527 Cross Bridge Road 440 Cross Meadow 634 Cross Street 437 Crossman, Abishai (Rev.) 360, 702, 791. Crosswell, Andrew (Rev.) 712 CROtrcH, Arthur 44, 93, 135, 814. Crowell, Charles H 603 Crown Point 157, 162, 163, 165. 169, 179, 180, 182, 183, 184, 186, 188, 189, 201, 460, 543, 544, 785, 786, 788. Crownshell (Crownin- 8HIBLD ?), Mr 209, 828 Crysler, H. Stanley 669 Crystal Lake 658, 671 Cuba 156 Cumber, George 380 CcMMiNos, Comings, Cum- inos — Abraham 164, 189 Caleb 270 Henry (Rev.) 780. 782, 791, 792, 794, 801. James 260, 313 John 767, 793 .Tonathan 151 Josiah 143 Leonard 173 Samuel 402 CuiiMINOS — Sarah Bridge 780 Simeon 262, 363 Willard 582 Willard C 808 Currier, Edwin M 813 Curtis — Benjamin 176 Caleb 304 George 373, 381, 819 George T 667 Greely S 592, 832 CUSHINO Caleb 253, 264 Edward F 381 Jos 254 J 263, 264 Leonard 408 Mary E 669 (Rev. Dr.) (of Waltham) 794 Stephen 408 Thomas 215, 839 William 624 Custom House Tower. Boston 629, 630 "Customs of New England" 544 Cutler — A.B 150 B. C. (Rev.) 712 Benjamin P 381 George F 604 Jacob 313 Cutler's Tavern 840 Cutter — Andrew 266, 268 Nehemiah 266, 268 Dabney's Collection of Hymns 683 Dadman — Belle A 728 Martha Ellen 458, 728 Martha L 728 Nathan Clifton 728 Nathan P. 240, 373, 894, 663, 728. N. P. Mrs 369, 469 Dadmun Family 176 Dakin, Levi 360 Dale, T. Nelson 646 Daley, Daly, Dallby — Cornelius 390 Edward 381 James P 437, 603 John T 657 Simon 381 Dalhouse Lodge of Masons 686 Dalton- 206, 208, 210. 564, 585, 588. Charles H. 376, 448, 589, 591. John Call 242, 448, 540. 561, 563, 589, 683. 800. 803. 804. John C, Jr 891 Madam 464 Dalton Road 435, 438 Dalton Street 46, 98 Dam, Melvin E 370 Dame — J. E. (Rev.) 708 Lorin L 600 Dame and Collins 661 Damon, Damman, Dammon — Daniel ..244, 260, 313, 384 David 313 Samuel 93, 178 Timothy 175 Damon's Tavern 840 Dana, Mr 839 Dandelen, John 249 856 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Dane, Joseph 475 Danforth, Danford — David 245. 262, 277, 278, 313, 354, 622, 642, 679, 791. Jonathan 34, 313, 477, 495, 519, 533. Joseph V 374 JoBiah 257, 288 Judge 785 Mr 771 Nich 152 Samuel 171 Thomas 33, 100, 108, 114, 129, 136. 473, 810. Daniel, Richard 80 Danielson, Timothy .... 232 Danlet, Jamea 270 Danvers 490 Darling — John 93 Joseph 171 Dartmouth College 585, 587, 804. 808, 823. Dartmouth Medical College 804 Davidson, Daverson. Davison, Davisson — Alberto 374 Alexander .... 228, 255, 258 Francis 232, 236. 245, 256, 259. 313. 314, 354, 355. Henry W 381, 819 John 270 William H 372 Davis, Daues, Davise — A. H. ...458, 459. 586, 603 A. Q. (Rev.) 713 Alonzo A 374. 381, 765 Andrew 381 Betsey Fletcher 548, 728 Betty 728 Cornelius 265, 267 Eleazor 158 Elisha 727 Elizabeth 727, 773 Ezekiel 164 Gershom 181 Henry Prescott 729 Hopewell 92, 93 Jabez 153 James 260, 314 James A 377 Joanna 299 John 152, 265. 267. 556, 581, 811. Johnson 548, 728 . Jona. S 373 ' Joshua 244, 314, 354, 621, 728 LuellaA 728 Mary 140 MitcheU 260 Moses. 264. 314. 401, 521, 622, 546, 621, 728, 761. Nathaniel 680 Noah 300 Persia M 729 Persia M. Griffin 729 Phebe 728 Reuben 360 RUey 370. 563 Samuel 94. 140. 284. 314. 396. 580. 598, 719, 728, 763, 764. Sarah Chardon Pitts 300 Sidney 620, 524, 548 Simon ... 94, 115, 118, 536 "The Sam. House". 299. 394 Thomas . 272. 314, 679. 728 . Walter 93 Davie' Corner . .521, 524, 546 Davis' "Currency and Banking in the Prov. of Mass. Bay" 623 Davis Home 524 DAT- Alfred 370, 371, 728 Benjamin F 377, 381 Elijah N. 371. 374. 381. 728. 819. George W 664 John 728 Martha 728 Timothy 93 Day's Tavern. (Capt.) 840 Dean, Deane — Eliza T 728 Horace Comstock 729 Thomas 534 Dearborn, Henry 228 Dearden, Children of William 728 Decatur, Webster C. 381, 819 Dedham 9, 11, 112, 118. 686. 687. Dedham, First Parish of. . 687 Deep Brook 57, 633, 635, 668, 666. Deerfield 138 Deer Island 87, 108, 109 Deery, Patrick 381 DeLand, Fred 582, 583 Delaware 564 Dell or Dill, Peter. . 135. 578 DeMonts. Sieur Pierre de Cast 73 Denibon, Daniel 97. 123 DeNormandie, E. F 458 Depew. W. a. (Rev.) 702 Derby, Richard 254 Derry, Patrick 819 Debsalines. Jean Jacques (Emperor) 668 Devericks. John 116 Devine, Charles F 768 Devon. County of 613 Devon Mr 445 Dexter — (Rev. Dr.) 19 Samuel 583. 807 "Dial. The" 564, 567 Dickens, Charles 491 DiCKEHMAN, Ann 579 Dickie, Robert 153 Dickinson, Dickenson — Augustine M 728 Barney Prescott 729 David 416 Elvira Stanley 729 Henry Ware 743 DiDsoN (See Ditson). Dike, (Col.) 264, 265, 267 Dill or Dell, Peter. . 135, 578 DiLLEWAY, Benj 249 Dinsmore, J. E. (Rev.) ... 702 District School No. 5. 418, 560 Ditson, Didson — Benjamin 262. 288, 314 Bridgett 728 Joanna 809 John 171, 260, 314, 353 Seth 260, 353 Dix— Joel 475 Jona 253 R. Wilson 240, 458, 686, 604. 766, 767. 768. Dix and Rand 509 Dixon. Lukey 796 DixwELL, John, Jr 65 Doane, Dennis 408 DoDD, John 158 Doddridge, Philip 714 Dodge — David 816 J. S 688 James C 666 Joseph M 407 DoHERTY, MichaelE.(Rev.) 709 Dorchester 9, 63, 140, 264, 710, 771, 800. Dort 774 DoTT, (Col.) 840 Douglas, William L.(Gov.) 824 Douglass (quoted) 833 Dover. . 99, 126, 129, 498, 639 Dover, N. H 147 Dow — Jesse 256, 269 Joseph 174 DowNE. Mr 788 Downing — Emanuel 773 Mary 773 Sir George 17. 773 Dracut. Dracutt, Dracot, Drawcutt, DrawCutt, Darcutt 91, 141, 143, 148, 149, 158, 164, 212, 227, 250, 255, 256, 258, 259, 261. 266, 268, 272, 275, 285, 362, 366, 376, 377, 432. 457, 461. 474, 476. 476. 484. 485. 495. 498, 511, 533. 535. 536, 627, 700, 710, 777. 784, 785, 791, 793, 812, 813. 815. 826. Dracut Heights 812 Dracut Nickel Mine 659 Drake — Caroline 668 F S 300 Lincoln' '. '659, 665i 668, 672, 705. S. G 76,- 113 Drake's (S. A.) Middlesex County 204, 222, 487, 489, 538. Draper — Roger 2, 8 William L 688 Drew, George 632 Driscoll Place 230 Drogheda, Ireland 711 Drowned Cow Hole 634 Drum Hill 5, 42, 438, 528. 633 Drum Hill Road 440 Drurt. Luke 364 Dryden. Artemas 364 Dublin Road 438 Dudley. Dudly — Daniel 266. 267 Francis 94 Jesse 266, 268 Joseph 144, 146 Lewis J 683 O. B. Mrs 697 Theresa 583 Dudley Farm 49 Duke D'Anvil 543 Duke of York's Regiment. 489 "Dumb No Longer," De Land 582, 583 DUMMER, DuMMIR John 408 Richard W 408 William (Lieut. Gov.) 160. 151, 152, 522. Dunbar, R. W. (Rev.) ... 705 Duncan — Fred T 588 John 680 INDEX OF NAMES 857 DuNKiNSON, Mr 237 Dt7NKL£S, Parley 1 361 DuNKUN, Nathaniel .... 116 Dtjnh, Dtjn — Betty 727 Charity L. 371, 374, 381, 728, 819. David. Sen 359 Elieabeth 727 F. M 254 Jamee 256, 258, 314, 355, 719, 728. James, Jr. ... 245, 314, 354 John 175, 178, 244. 272, 277, 285. 294, 314, 354. John J 768 Jonaa 727 Joseph 163, 164. 173, 175. 264. 314. 679, 728. Rachel 284 Sabia 728 Samuel 728, 735 Sarah 588 Timothy 381 William . . 246, 272, 314, 354 DUNNIGAN, DUNIGAN James P. 409, 597, 602, 604, 768. W 437 Dunnigan Road 438 Dunstable, Donstable 8, 42, 46, 52, 64, 83, 86, 91, 92, 97, 103, 104, 126, 129, 131, 133, 136, 139, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 147, 148, 149. 150. 151, 153, 154, 166. 168. 169, 174, 176. 189. 212, 219, 223, 237, 265, 266, 267. 268, 299, 363. 377. 468. 469. 472. 474, 478. 495. 512, 515, 518, 528, 529, 532, 544. 553, 555. 580, 611, 622, 627, 658, 666, 668. 699. 702. 710, 773, 782, 785. 811. 833. Diinatable Band 586 "Dunstable Highway". . . . 527 Dunstable. History of (Fox) 826 Dunstable, History of (Nason) 658 Dunstable Road. . .54, 397, 437 DcNTON, Samuel 94 DUPEE Edmund F 765, 766 Georgiana 728 Julia M 728 Dupee House 91, 642 DuRAN, Asa 249 DUHANT — Cyrus 728 John 353 Joshua 247, 248, 249, 257. 260. 267, 315. 354, 621. Thomas . . 174, 175, 189. 588 Durham. County of 808 DuRKBE, William H 533 Durkee Place 412 Durkee Road 812 Dt78TlN Hannah 433 Jerusha 728 Nathaniel 728 DUTTON, DUTTEN Abigail 416. 417. 728 Almira R 728 Amos W 728 Benjamin 257 Bertha Hutchinson 729 Carl 728 Ddtton — Caroline A . Parkhurst . . 728 Charley 728 Darius 728 David . . . 175, 398. 701, 728 Edwin E 398. 664. 728 Elbridge 634, 728 Elizabeth 728 Francis 604 Grace S 728 Hannah 728 Hildreth P 728 Isaac 240 James 50, 149, 165, 166, 167, 169, 189, 316. 416. 579.621. James, Jr 621 John 178, 264, 293, 315, 621 Jonas 238, 264 Jonathan 249 Joseph 621 Laura M 728 Lewis M 664, 729 Lizanna Perhani 729 Mary 727 Mary E. Perham 728 Paul 589, 603, 604 Rebecca 621. 790 Royal P 459 .Samuel L. (M. D.) 370, 371, 381, 397. 706, 729. Stephen 720 Surviah Parkhurst (Stevens) 729 Susan A 728 Thomas 124, 495 Timothy 249 Warren 486 Dutton House 398 DWIGHT John S 667 Sarah 112 Timothy 815 DwYMELL, Charles 176 Dyar, Albert A 381 Dyar House 399 Eagle Mills '673 Earl, Josephine H 250 Eahle, Alice Morse ^544 "Early Mining Operations near Lowell" . . . 656, 666 Eahnshaw, Albert F. (Rev.) 715. 822. • «,.< East Chelmsford 370, 399. 400. 402, 426, 435,'M36, 437, 438. 4.39, 441, 447, 458, 475. 486, 487, 489. 492. 493, 547, 552, 594, 629, 633, 711, 714. (See East Village.) / >'■. "East Chelmsford Advance" 458 East Chelmsford Literary Society 458 East Chelmsford Road .... 599 East Meadow 634 East Meadow Brook 633 East Merrimack Street Bridge 485 East Saxons 834 East Village 672, 821 "East and West India Goods" 229, 781 Easton 657, 659, 668 Eastward, The 124. 239 Eaton. Jonathan 315 Ebert, H. F 240 Eclipse Chemical Manu- facturing Company . . 664 Ennv — Caleb 506 Daniel C. (Rev.) 706 Edes, Mr 840 Edes Printers 839 Edgecomb, Maine 228 Edson — E. M.MisH 713 Theodore (Rev.) 492, .561 711, 712, 713. Edson Cemetery 519 Edward Vl Grammar School 834 Edwards — Benjamin 178, 516 Darius C 598 Fred W 604 Jonathan 697 Nathan B. (Dr.) 373, 587, 588, 597, 765, 804, 805. Thomas Scott 714 Edwards' Place 437 Elizabeth, Queen 571 Ellingwood, Samuel 260, 288. 315. Eliott. Eliot, Elliott, Eljott — (Deacon) 119 Ephraim 730 John (Rev.) 3, 4, 30, 32, 33, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 84, 93, 100, 101, 103, 106, 108, 469, 511, 514, 519. 524, 525, .537, 629, 693, 832, 833. 834, 836. John. Jun 3.3 .Joseph 730 Samuel A. (Rev.) . . 459, 822 Eliot Church 78 Ellis — Charles H . ( Re v.) 593. 706, 822 George E. (Rev.) . . 218, 686 Herbert E 698 John 92 Elm Street 441 Emerson, Emmerson, Emeryson — Adams 370. 381. 584. 729. 803 Addie E 4.58, 730 Addie L 729 Agnes B 729 Arthur 1 661 Asa 26R, 268 B. K. (Prof.) 645 Bradford 459 Bryant 729 Burt 369, 382 Caroline (Flagg) 808 Charles Franklin 585, .587, 808, 823. Children of Bryant and Hannah A. B 729 Children of Owen and Louisa B 729 Dudley B 729 Edward . . . 95, 552, 773, 808 Edward Waldo 566, 592 Elizabeth 729 ElizerJane 730 Emma 729 George Edgar 730 Hannah A. Bradford ... 729 Hannah Bradford 730 Harry Bry.ant 730 Helen M 729 Henry Harrison 382, 603, 829 Henry Herbert 240, 369, 370, 371. 374, 376. 377, 382, 730. J. Bradford . . . 382. 729, 766 James A 730 858 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Embbson — James P 369, 382 Johannes 808 John 729 John B 603, 604, 829 Jonathan 270, 729 Joseph 209, 214, 292, 353, 361, 362, 621, 679, 719, 729. 808, 814. Joseph, Jr 361. 362 Jos. B 371,383,729 Levander 729 Louis F 729 Louisa (Butterfield) ... 808 Louisa B 729 Lucy A 729 Martha BaUey 729 Martha L. 585, 591, 593, 631. 729. Mero Chapman 729 Nath 152 Owen 563, 589, 682, 689, 729. 742, 764. 808. Owen, Jr 808 Owen Mrs 369 Parker 255, 258. 277. 278, 288. 289. 315. 621. Rachel 729 Half 808 Ralph Waldo 95. 540. 562. 563, 567, 588, 689, 591. 692. 698, 808, 818. Ralph W 408 Rebecca Kittredge 729 RhodaA 729 Robert 808 Robert Bulkeley 565 Robert M 729 Rufus Francis 730 Rufus W 381 Ruth 729 Sarah Mrs 459 Sarah P. Byam 730 Susie M 458 Theodore 271 Thomas 808 Walter B 768 WiUiam (Rev.) 639, 698 Emerson and Weed 651 Emerson Family 398, 552 Emerson Homestead .... 808 Emerson House 46, 92 Emerson's Journals 592 Emert. Emmbrt — Ambrose 167, 171 Anthony 802 Ebenezer 620 James . . . 165, 189, 544. 786 Leonard 189 Samuel 189, 621 Zechariah 153. 181, 544, 620. 678, 697, 710, 786. Emmanuel Chapel 713 Emmanuel College ... 16. 835 Encyclopsedia Brittanica 241, 639. Endicott, John (Gov.) . . 2, 9, 11, 449. Endor, Witch of 571 England 13, 14, 15, 25. 127, 138, 156, 157, 162. 186, 190, 201, 299. 420, 486, 492, 503, 510. 532. 534, 643, 571, 575, 581, 612, 613. 622, 656, 657. 700, 769. 773, 787, 808, 825, 833. England, Church of 690, 692, 693. 697, 710, 711, 771, 772, 835. English and West India I Goods 448.490 EngUsh. Jo (Indian) 138, 147, 532. Essex, Bishop of 834 Essex, County of 14, 264, 834 Essex County, Mass 366 Essex Register 490 ESTERBROOK, EaSTEBBROOK, EASTERBEOOKa, EsT.A- BROOKS, EsTEhBrOOKS. ESTEBBBOOKS. EsTHER- BROOKS Benjamin 265, 268 Joel 260, 270, 316, 622 Joseph or Josiah 260, 316, 353, 477, 620. Moses 245, 256, 257, 259, 315, 316, 354, 360. 622. (Rev.) 676 Samuel 169 ESTMAN Joseph 93 Thomas 93 ESTT — Children of John N. and Sarah B 729 John 370 John N 729 Sarah B 729 Europe 562, 574, 581 Evans, Eavens — Jonathan 260, 316 M. H. A. (Rev.) 707 Sherebiah 315 Evelyn, John 420 EvERED, John (alias Webb) 41, 82, 83, 375, 412, 420, 533. 534, 535, 754, 810, 832. Everett — Edward 448. 706 Jerry 382 Everett 823 Evergreen Street 435 Exeter. N. H 147, 574 Fair, Zach 134 Fairbank, Jabez 162 Fairbanks — Calvin 408 Stephen 668 Fairbanks 448 Faibeweatheb, John 119, 536 Faneuil Hall 192, 639, 784, 789, 791, 839. Farley, Farly — Benjamin 247, 256, 258, 288, 289, 316, 354. Caleb 445 George 2. 27 Moses 253 Samuel 175 Timothy 172, 681 William 316 Farley's Brook 38, 39, 435, 633 Farmer — Aaron 260, 288, 316 Charlotte 735 Elijah 735 Jacob 164 John 152. 266. 268, 361, 362 John (the Author) 495. 605, 537, 581, 629. 630, 773, 774, 801. John Mrs 581 Jonas 171, 175, 621 Jonas, Jr 173 (Major) 791 Mary 732 Oliver 317 Farmer — Samuel 271 Simeon 621 Solomon. .256, 259, 317, 621 Farmer's Geneologioal Reg- ister 226 Farmer's Historical Me- moir of Billerica. 495, 801 Farnsworth, David .... 158 Farr, Mary 588 Farrab, Farab, Farrbr, Farror, Farrow — Deborah 732 EUzabeth 732 George 154 J. T. (Rev.) 702 Jacob 116, 154 John 556. 720, 732 John P 154 Jonas 731 Joseph 154. 245. 270. 621, 731 Joseph E 732 Nathaniel ... 317, 354, 621 Oliver 463 Peter 294, 317. 719, 731 Simon 162 Timothy 260, 270, 273, 274, 317. Farrar House 672 Farrell — Michael J 382 Wm. A 818 Farrington, Ferinqton — Isaac 67S Jeremiah 580 Thomas 178 Farrington's Company . . . 27$ Farson — Frank E 382 Frederick E 382 Farwell — Asa 82w Benja 265. 267 Coleman S 382. 81» Eleazer 262, 288, 317 Ephraim 265, 267 Henry 21, 22, 37, 39. 48. 141. 152, 578, 836. John 672 John Thurston 763 Jonathan 169 Joseph 51, 60. 90. 128. 134, 137. 512, 616, 765, 766. Josiah 141 Oliver 141, 288 Thomas 270 Farwell-Adams House . . 398 Farwell Place, Old 91 Fascutt, Peter 517 Faset, Fabsett — Asa 249 Samuel 170, 173, 680 Fadlkneb, Liuher Mrs. 299 689. Fat— Edgar G 713 John 382 (or Tat), John J 390 Sam 210 Wm « Federal Constitution .... 660 Feltonville ■.4*1 Fknnick, Charles 436 Ferguson, Daniel W. ... 408 Ferry Lane 498 Fields, Peter 20 Files. Everett Richardson 732 "Financial History of Mass.," (Douglas) . 615 Finnkoan. .lohn 367 INDEX OF NAMES 859 Fips or Phipps, Charles 260, 317, 353. First Baptiet Church 706, 822 First Baptist Society 700 "First Church in Boston, An Historical Sketch of the" 698 First Congregational Church 685. 714, 822. First National Bank of Boston 673 First Parish of Chelmsford 700 First Society 683, 684, 685 686, 705. First Squadron of Cavalry 376 First Street 435 First Universalist .Society 683, 684. Fl8H— Frank P 382 Hamilton (Secretary) 564,568 Fisher — Albigence W 408 Edward 377, 768 JabeJ! 253 John 662 JohnP 374 Samuel 408 Sylvia 548 William 92, 93 FisK, Fiske — Anna 18 Anne Gibbs .... 17. 769, 770 Benjamin 735, 770 Benjamin Minot 395, 587, 664. 735, 770, 828. David 770 Ebenezer 770 Ebenezer, Jun 172 Eliezer 18 Eliza Mrs. 369, 712, 735, 770 Elizabeth 769 Elizabeth A. Parkhurat . 770 Elizabeth Bridge 770 FredM 781 Harriet Locke 735 Henry A 588 Jaffrey 770 James 27, 28 John (Rev.1 9, 10, 12, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20. 21, 22, 23, 24. 25. 26, 30, 37. 38, 45, 48, 56. 61, 65, 66, 86, 90, 118, 120, 125, 404, 413, 474, 512, 513, 519, 531, 651, 675, 693. 716. 730. 769. 770. 772. 775, 801. 834. 835 John. Jr. 18, 19, 60, 115, 120, 124, 127, 530. 536, 616, 755, 775. John Minot . . . 395, 735, 770 John Minot Mrs 396 Jonathan 485 Joseph Winn 735 Lidiah Fletcher 769 Moses 18, 19, 27, 512, 513, 519, 769. Moses, bro. of Rev. John 413, 776. Rachel Minot 770 Robert 770 Samuel 19 Sarah 18 Simon 770 Symond 770 WiUiam 26.531,770 Fiake Family 267, 770 Fiake House 394, 395, 396, 397 Piske Pai>ers and Records 266, 270. 366, 427. 537. 776. Fiske and Spaulding 594 Fitch — Ebenezer 249 Elizabeth 299 Joseph 94 Samuel 248. 809 Zachariah 210 Fitchburg 261,441.672,705.802 Fitchburg Academy 569 FiTzaERALD, FitzGer.vld— Ezekiel (Rev.) 240, 460, 594, 686, 688. James 298, 354 Flaog — Caroline 808 Timothy 688 Flaggy Meadow 634 Flatt Hill 633 Flechahd, Roland 148 Fleming, Patrick 277, 278, 318 Flemings, Howard Brooks 732 Fletcher, Flecher, fflecher Aaron 731 Alvin H 604 Andrew 167, 360, 521, 621, 731, 759. Angle, A 732 Asaph 701 Benj 732 Benj. (Lieut.) 164, 178, 209, 239, 281, 362, 481, 660, 587, 588, 620, 731, 759, 761, 762. Benjamin M 370, 372 Betsey 548, 732 Charles 247, 248, 249. 288, 318 354 Charles F.'371, 374, 382, 732 Daniel 171, 186 Diantha E 732 Eb 159 Elijah 262, 318 D. Elizabeth 732 Daughters of Wm. and Diantha E 732 Eliza A. Warren 732 Eliza E. Streeter 732 Elizabeth .... 570, 621, 731 Emily 665 Ephraim 156, 731 Esther 541, 730 Ezekiel H 732 Frances G 732 Frank A 688 Fred L. . .434, 602, 603, 767 Gardner 367, 588, 589, 674, 732 Gideon . . 163. 164, 170. 171 Grace 620. 772 Hannah 731. 732 Harriet A 732 Henry 220. 247, 262. 294, 318, 354, 355, 392, 401, 521, 548, 590, 621, 731, 812, Jemima 731 John 157, 158 Joanna 730, 731 Jonathan 730, 731 Jona. T 688 Joseph 150, 178, 220, 361, 489. 683. 703. Joseph. Jr 678 Joseph Mrs 369 Joseph Merrill 435, 732 Jo.shua 44, 59, 90, 135. 142. 266. 267, 412, 476, 477, 517, 531, 617, 624, 730, 755. 758, 757. Joshua Mrs 631 Fletcher — Josiah 256. 259. 262. 272. 282. 284, 294, 318, 364. 361, 366, 395, 412, 422, 475, 485, 486, 489, 512, 521. 556, 663, 569, 670, 588, 589, 621, 642, 682. 719, 731, 732, 757. Josiah, Jr 245, 318,497 Josiah, 3d 362, 783 Josiah Richardson 369, 370, 371, .374, 382, 394, 588, 589, 593. 732, 765, 766. Levi 170, 178, 262, 272, 294, 318, 720. Lovell 402 Lucy 545, 732 Lydia 731, 769, 837 M. Katie 732 Mary .... 621. 730. 731. 732^ Mercy 569 Mirriam 782 N. M 596 Nehemiah 265. 267 Olive 839 Oliver 245. 272, 319. 354. 622 Oliver (Justice) 168, 178, 180, 186, 189, 230, 417, 520, 549, 557, 622. 710. 731, 7.'.9. 760. 772. 782. 785. 788. 790. 805. 808. 837, 840. Paul 89,94,142, 150 Peter 157, 158, 159 Raymond 265, 267 Remembrance 731^, Robert 9, 10, 37, 178. 240, " .370, 372, 382, 521, 821. 731, 759, 838. S. Josiah 732 Sampson 319, 730 Samuel 38, 44, 60, 89. 94. Ill, 134, 160, 163, 164. 171, 237, 244, 249. 267. 270. 277. 288. 319. 364. 404, 430, 445, 512, 513. 551. 552, 616, 621, 717. 730, 756, 836. Samuel, Jr. 5. 90, 94, 531. 552, 756. Sarah 242, 545, 548, 730, 731 Sherebiah 257, 288,319 Sherman H 376, 377 Simeon 446 Solomon 265, 268 Stephen 178. 621 Susa 731 Susana 545, 621 Tabitha 730 Thomas . .521. 730. 731. 839 Timothy 159. 162 Uriah 178 Walter 408 William 2. 6. 9. 10, 12, 13. 20, 30, 32, 33, 34. 35. 37, 38, 42, .50, 59, 62, 71, 86. 88, 89, 101, 111, 112, 134. 137. 222. 251. 257. 262, 288, 319, 354, 361, 396. 413, 422, 448, 496. 612. 626, .')33, 556, 563. 564. 584, 588, 589, 607, 616, 621, 675, 677. 678, 719, 730, 732, 754, 755, 756, 757, 758, 759, 761, 762, 765, 811, 835, 830. WilUam, Jr. ..431, 621, 679 William Mrs 369 Wm., 3d 247, 319, 354 ZaccheuB 247. 248. 249 260, 319, 354, 360. 621. 860 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Fletcher, Capt. Bill, House 12, 35, 38, 393, 394, 395. Fletcher Farm, Joseph. . . 489 Fletcher Farm, Josiah . . . 489 Fletcher Genealogy 674 Fletcher, H. E. & Co. 671, 673 Fletcher, Oliver's Account Book 649. 837 Fletcher Street 434 Fletcher, Wm. & Son 684 Flint — Charles W. .'>87, 588, 766, 767 John 249, 275 Wm 166 Flint's Tavern 840 Flushing Meadows 634 Flushing Pond 633, 634 FOOTB, FOOTT Frank G 605 John 152 Forbes, Darius (Rev.) . . . 686 FoBD, Foord — Deborah 252 Elisha . . .252, 487, 581, 762 Esther Davis 250 John (Capt.) 201. 210, 215, 220, 221, 222, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 231, 232. 237, 241, 244, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 257, 258, 260, 261. 262, 263, 285, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293. 319, 354, 363. 364, 365, 366, 475, 485, 487, 497. 621, 790, 828. Prudence 262 Robert 250 Sarah 249 Ford Papers 257, 260, 263, 277, 288, 290, 292. Fordway 494, 495, 490 Forefathers' Cemetery 71, 371, 375, 562, 697, 664, 712, 716, 717, 721. 799, 842. Forge Company 657 Forge Pond 7, 51, 632, 649, 656, 667. 662. 668. Forge Village 51, 666 Forge Village Horse Nail Company 657 FoBSTTH, Thomas A 713 Forsyth Dental Infirmary 673 Fort Dummer 161 Fort DuQuesne 162 Fort Edward 166. 168, 184, 186, 189, 261, 786. Fort Frederick . . 176, 177, 230 Fort Frontenac 230 Fort George 261, 263 Fort Hill 62, 81, 633, 647 Fort Miller 201 Fort Richmond 158 Fort Stanwix 185 Fort Sumpter 368 Fort Warren 367 Fort William Henry 162, 168, 170. 171, 189, 786. Forty Acre Meadow 634 FOBTBR — Aaron 731 AmoB 249 Andrew 171 Aunt 838 Bennet 266, 268 Daniel 170. 171 (Deacon) Mrs 652 Dudley 766 Ebeneier 167, 173, 178, 238. 366, 414. 431, 566. 731, 786. 839. Ebeneier, Jr 160 Foster — Edward 40, 94, 132, 151, 403, 404, 430, 431, 612, 617, 666, 620, 730, 766, 757, 758. Enoch 766 Esther 730 Hannah 731 Henry 3, 8, 171 Isaac 247, 265, 267, 268, 269, 271. 320, 364, 621. Isaac, Jun 289 Isaiah 256, 267. 268, 288, 320. 354. 360. 621. 731. Isaiah. Jr. 245, 320, 621, 719 James 366 Jed'h 253 John 163, 395 Jonath 353 Joseph 94, 151, 320, 360, 566, 701. Josiah 157, 158, 175, 294, 787 Levi 816 Lydia 730 Mary 731 Moeea 476 Nathaniel 164, 247, 266, 268. 286, 320, 364, 431. Noah 238, 266, 269, 294, 321, 355, 590, 719, 731. Rebeckah 730 Remembrance 431 Reuben 247, 256, 2,59, 321, 354 Robert 620 Samuel 11, 37, 42. 49, 50, 57, 60, 62, 88, 90, 112, 120, 121, 137, 164, 189, 423, 512, 528, 553. 617, 676, 677, 718, 730. 754, 755, 836. Samuel. Junr. 430. 512. 617 Sarah 446 Simeon 730 Smith 265, 267 Thankful 696 WiUiam 93, 238, 279, 280, 620, 731, 759, 760. FowLK. William R. 370, 371. 732. Fowle's Tavern, James . . . 840 FowLBJi, Philip 240 Fox— Abijah 260, 353, 499 Colo 213, 239 Edward 708 Etekiel 499 John 163, 260, 353, 373 Joseph 228. 242, 243 William 373 Fox's History of Dunstable 826 Foxborough 660 FoxcROFT Mr 785 FoztoD, England 808 Framingham 212, 216, 300, 357. 441. Framingham ii Lowell Railroad 510 Framlingham, England .... 8.S3 France 127. 136, 167. 162, 196, 454, 612. Frances (Indian) 34 Frances Hill 43, 44, 46. 01, 427, 433, 633. Frankford. Philadelphia . . 568 Fbankmn, Benjamin . 197, 199 Franklin, N. H 78 Fredarickaburg, Battle of. . 819 fbbei.aj4d, fbsla.nd, Fbbblon — John 173, 176, 178. 24/, 321, 364, 361, 621. 67», 731. Mary 732 Fbbbuan — Luther (Rev.) 707 Samuel 231, 262 French — Amos B 374, 383 Frederick 662 Jessee 171 John 262, 270, 321 Jona 172 Samuel .93, 262, 321. 421 Wm 162. 270 French Cemetery 39» French and Indian War 216. 221. 230, 828. Fbeshold, David 578 Frick Mansion 673 Fbink, Thomas 567 Frost — Charles A 2S4 Ebenexer 162, 293, 360, 621 , 621, 813. Hannah 399, 809 Jacob 249 Jere 164 Jonathan 249 Joseph 249. 363 Thomas 116 Frost House 399 Froth inoham — Jabes 265, 267, 363 Richard 222. 233 William 266. 268 Frte — Jonathan 154 Joseph 162. 164. 176 Frye's Tavern 441 Fryeburg, Maine ." 184 Fucham, Samuel 408 FCLLER — Abraham 216 Edward 211 Fulling Mill 61 Fdrbbb, G. D. Mri 369 FCRBUBH Charles (Capt.) .... 271, 828 George 360 Gaoe — AbbieA 733 Thomas (Gen.) 193, 217. 232 Gage Ice Company. Daniel 672 Gale. Henry 364 Galusha, Gallusha. GOLUSHA — Ana .* 680 Daniel 64. 134 Ebenr 174 Elijah 178. 189 Jacob 147 Rachel 64 Gardner, Aaron 212 Garey, Joseph 321 Garfield, Benjamin .... 6 Garland, Samuel J. . . 370. 372 Garner. J. W 199 Gasson, Wm 162 Gates, Horatio (Gen.) . . 238 Gat— Edward 383 Emma L 586 Frederick T 687. 888 Ira 668 Ziba . 687. 588, 668, 669, 766 Ziba, Jr 669. 764 Gay Street 437 INDEX OF NAMES 861 Qatmondb, George W. . . . 713 General Printing Office . 594 "Geology of Masgachusetts" (Hitchcock) .... 649. 660 Gkoboe — ^„ „. John 92, 93 Mystic 100 George II. King. .464. 607. 788 George III. King 202. 253. 299, 454. 611, 711, 788. George'* Brook. . 619, 662, 633 George's War, King 167 GOOOHUE — Josiah ^'0 Rev 676 Georgia 698 Georgia Plantations 697 Germany ii^ Gkrrish, Thomas M. 713, 829 Gerbt, Joshua 158 Gethsemane Commandery 586 Gettysburg • . 819 GiBBS. Anne 1'. 77U GiBNST. Owen 383 ^?chab^ . .682. 733. 762, 802 \I&rv too William . '. 321 GlDLET. GiDLT Henry 40.41,90.617 Hezekiah ■*!» Gilbert, Col • • • \^J Gill, Moses -''I'Si -^^^^ GiLLis. Jotham 816 Oilman ....422, 487, 489, 509 Gilmore, William P 383 Gilson, Gillson — John 174 Jona 174 Joseph ^' Rnjjt 175 Solomon':: 265.267 Gilson's Brook o33 Gipps, Anne 17, 770 Glass Company and Manu- factory 479, 483, 484, 634. 703. Glass Works 7, 484 Glenne — John, Jun 270 Will 270 Globe Newspaper 594 Globe Printing Office 594 Glodb, Gload, Glood— Damel 257. /»» John 256, 259, 277, 278, 321. 622. Gloveb, Joseph 157 Gltnn, John 366 Goble. Stephen 94 GODDARD— ;^ p 370 Daniel' F. (Rev.) 686 GOFF. Goffe — Edmund 165 John 757 Sarah 711 Squier £22 Goffstown 704, 792 Gold, Samuel • • • 134 Golden Cove 12, 397, 435, 439. 480, 492, 525. 633, 648, 813. Golden Cove Brook . .439, 633 Golden Cove Meadow 634 Golden Cove Plain 633 Golden Cove Road 38, 42. 397. 435. 439. GoLDiNO. John 486. 636 Goldsmith, Richard .. 11,26 Good— Sarah 576 Will 90,578.617 Goodell. Amos 249 Goodwin — Daniel, Jr 299 John 673 N 561 Goodwin's Memorial of the Pitts 300 GOOKIN — _„ „„ Daniel (Major) 31. 76, 77, 78, 87, 96, 100, 101. 106, 108, 114. 125, 473, 514, 537. James R 605 GoRDiN, WiUiam .... 271. 353 Gordon, George A. . 529, 532 GoRHAM, Nathaniel .... 215 Gorham Street 399, 435, 436, 437, 438, 470. 560. 662. G088 ,_, Daniel 175 John 673, 829 GOUCHER Sarah 1 733 Walter G 733 Gouge, James 270 Gould, Goole, Goold — Abijah 170, 171, 178 Benjamin 150, 175. 178, 277. 732, 733, 758. Benjamin, Jr 173, 178 Ebenezer (Deacon) 158, 184, 247, 248, 249, 272, 288, 321, 354, 557, 606, 620. 621. 679, 688. 719. 733, 793, 813. Ebenezer. Jr. . . 257.321,322 Francis 39. 60, 63, 617 "Goody" 414 Hannah 64 Jesse 270 John 94 Jonathan 249, 408 Joseph Philips 733 Lucy 786 K'".::::::;:::v3i7 Nancy '%% Noah Mac • • • 270 Olive 732.733 Rachel 73.i! Reuben 166. 174. 361. 621. 679. Reuben. Jr -362 Rose 39.63 Ruth 732.733 Samuel °\\ Samuel Mrs 811 gilaa 270 Simeon 'i64. 170. 171. 173. 174. 837. Goold Estate 4*7 Goold Homestead 448 Gouldinq — _, John 476 Jonah 364 GovE. MorriU C • • 370 Governor Sullivan (boat) . 504 Governor's Horse Guards of New Hampshire . . . 375 Grace Church. Lawrence . 799 Gradner, Henry 208 Grafton 364 Graqo — „_. George W 374 .T ftTTl flfl ,,,....•■•••••• ^ ' ^ Graham (bread) 797 Grand Pr6 165. 543 GranitevUle 667 Gr.\.nt — Frances 633 U. S.. Pres't. . . 368. 564, 668 Grantville 363 Grantz, Charles 60S Grasshopper Valley 634 Graves — Benjamin 94 Moses 160 Nathaniel 9* Sarah 621, 733 Grat — Catherine 733 Clifford 402 Daniel 168 George A 383 Harrison (Treasurer) 168. 207. 294, 610. 839. James 383. 819 John 402 Jonathan 158. 249 Timothy 257 Gray, Palmer ° Hawthorne, Nathaniel 564< 667. Hannah 735 James '^° Hayden— Daniel Flagg 734 E.H.(Rev.) 702 GrenviUeC 734 Rallv M • 734 Hateb, William H. I. 767. 768 Hats, Thomas 323 Hatl, James • • . 457 Haymarket Square . . 454, 455 Hayti 564, 568 Hatward, Hatwood, Haward. Heaward. Hktwood — Benj. 46. 92. 135. 236. 256. 269. 260. 288. 323, 356, 621 Edwin E. ... 6. 46, 531, 558 James 171. 175, 189. 276. 278, 285. 360, 416, 620. Jesse 260, 272. 277. 278, 287,288,291,294,323,324 John 94, 249, 267, 286, 288, 324. ,-. Jonathan j^,'* Joseph 94, 174, 294, 324, 360. 701. Nathaniel (Howard?) . . 135 Samuel 171, 256, 269, 289, 290, 323, 324. Sarah 416 Timothy •■• 361 WiUard 262, 323 Beside 720 "Hearthstones, Old" 29.^ Heaston, James 257. 323 Heath, Joseph 1°^ Heberd, Samuel »g Heery. M. L. 673 Hemminwat, Jim J«w Henchman, Hinchman, HiNCKSMAN, HlNKSMAN Bridget 118 ■DRTiipl 1"" Edmond 86, 769 Edward 77U Elizabeth.. 18, 539, 718, 769 Nathaniel Hurd . . . . ... 735 Thomas 6, 21, 30, 32 33, 34, 41, 42, 47, 50, 60, 80, 82 86, 87. 89, 90, 93. 97. 99, 100, 101, 102, 103. 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 113, 114, 117, 119, 120. 121. 122, 124, 125, 129, 130. 131. 132. 133. 134. 136. 137, 166, 398, 412, 415, 423. 433. 474, 477, 479, 495, 512, 513, 514, 515, 628, 533, 536, 536, 537, 538, 539. 616. 665. 716. 718, 733, 754, 756, 766.772 833. Hinchman's Ferry . ■ . • • • °l^ Henry, Henery, John 158, lou Henry VIII 571 "joshur" 790.839,679,788 Wm. 289 Herbert, Jacob 383 Herrick, Hehick— Abner or Abnor 277, 27ti, 394, 622. Elizabeth 734 Patty 734 „,.,„„ Hesb, Harry (Rey.) . .... . 707 Wm . . 157, 158 Heyman, Samuell . 576, 576 Hn^ward Plaie' ".'.'. 46 Hibble, Forbes 168 Heyward Fari^, Edwin ... 531 Hibbord, Lazarus 324 531 Heywood " (or ' Hayward) House 47, 92. 400 "Hazard," Brig 204 Hazeltine, Hazelton, Haieltone, Heasiltinb, Heabelton — Elijah ...256.269.290.355 James 257. 288 John (Col.) 17? Nat. 174 p^r"::::::::: 499 Sewell 408 Haben— Henry A ■ . • 150 Jam«B Henry...... 240,736 Sanford 373. 399, 736 Sarah W 736 Hicks, Sarah 298 HlGGINS- 373 David ..'.' 605 High School of 1916 .... 803 High Street ....436, 436, 662 Highland Officers 237 ^40 Highland School .... 522, 559 Highway, F. G. (Rev.) ... 707 Hilben, Anthony • . . 457 Hildreth. Heldreth. Hil- DRAKE. HiLDRED, HiLL- drath.Hilldreth. HiLDRETCH. HlLDRICK. HILDRI8H, HlLDBRBTB— Abigail 246 AlvaL 736 Amziah ^' '■ Benj. M 371. 383 Dorcas 733 Ebin ("Ye old") 445 Elijah 257, 271, 324 Eliza A. Murdock "30 Elizabeth 95, 733 Ephraim 45. 57. 89. 94, 135, 141, 150. 677, 678. 756. 757. George V 383 Hannah • ■ /^* James 22, 37, 60, 90, 128, 130, 617. 756. Jeremiah 266. 268 John ... 152. 360, 733, 736 Jonathan 151. 152. 171 Joseph 95. 136, 137. 148, 476. 756. 812. Lavinia Duchemin 736 Lieut 135 Mary '"* Micah 267. 260, 261 Moses P 736 Oliver 700 Rachel 30O Richard 3. 9, 37. 40. 60. 95. 246, 412. 617. 717, 733, v 734. 754, 758. ^ ^,„ Robert 680. 812 RufusG 736 Samson - • • 440 Sarah 96, 733. 734 Qiioan loo ImoV :::::.... 279 280 wS-jr.:::::::::.'"'i Zachariah .... 324, 354, 365 Hildreth Street 812 Hildreth's Ferry 812 Aaron 369 Asa 8^y Jean • ■ ■ '•*:* Jeremiah 257, 6bA John .... 148, 445. 733. 829 Jonathan jf Joseph 481 Josiah ■ • ■ ,1''/ Nathaniel 5. 94. 128, 134. 137, 401. 413, 495, 513, 553. 675, 733, 765, 756, *1.1- 2fi7 Paul 257 Rafe _27 Sylvester S 765 Hill & Parkhurst 402 Killer, Chas.C. P. (Rev.) 707 Hills — . ,„ Franklin M 458 Isaiah 168 Joseph f^ William H 369 Hillsborough County.. ... 66S Hillsborough, N. H. 227, 228, 668. Hilton, Horton H 768 Hindle. Frank 713 HiNDB. JoBiah D dW" Hingham 686, 689 H1R8CH— Elizabeth 735 Francis G 735 John 457 Sf.::::::::;:;::::735 Hiscox File Company 673 History for Ready Refer- DTIPP wOU 864 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD History of People of U. S. (McMaster) 357, 539 History of the American People (Wilson) 828 Edward (Prof.) 645. 649, 660 (Rev.) Mr 238 Hitchcock's Report on the Geology of Massachu- setts 643 HOADLBT, Thomas 257, 271, 288, 360. HOAQQ, Benj. . . .166, 167, 169 HOAB — Col 178 John 87 SUas 475, 485 HoBAN, James J. (Dr.) . . . 805 HoBB, Humphry (Capt.) 162, 163, 164, 165. HoBBS, John C. 240, 369, 370, 371, 736. Hobba' Store, Mr 440 Hodges — Beni. F 599, 735 Benj.F., Jr 735 Charles H 735 Children of B. F. and J. A 735 Hannah A 735 Julia A 735 Hodoman, Hoquon — Asa 272, 324, 360, 464, 688, 719, 735. Clorinda 459 Dorothy 734 Edwin R. (Rev.) 154, 518, 531. Josiah 209, 213, 214, 620, 621. 734. Lucy 734 Malvina 458, 459 Stephen 620 Hodgman House 398 Hodgman's History of Weatford 433, 476, 632, 699, 700. HODSON — • Henry 373 Henry R. . . 43, 54. 370, 818 Hodson Place 90 HOQAN John E 597 Patrick 588 HOLBBOOK Mai 704 Sam 161 HOLDBN Artemas 475 Nathaniel 212, 270 Samuel 812 Holden, Mass 364 Holder, Walter S 605 Holding, James 158 Holland, Michael 708 HOLLIB — Charles 506 David 735 Mary 588 HoUis, N. H. . . .701. 702. 802 HoUiston. Mass 212 Holmes — Nathaniel 407 Oliver Wendell ... 95, 642 Samuel 168 Holt — Abner D 383 Arthur 373 Charles A 603 Dean 764 George B 688 Hoi/r — Henry H 383 Joshua 828 Leon S 736 Martha 736 Martha Woodard 736 Solon 767 HOLflTEN 1 254 S 253 Holy Name, and Ladies' Sodality 710 Holy Rosary, Church of the 709 Holyoke Street 770 Home Meadow 634 Homestead 435, 438, 663 Honey, Samuel 701 Hood, J. W 372 HooKEB, Thomas (Rev.) 14, 75, 693, 834, 835. Hooksett Falls 509 Hopkins, D 254 Hopkinton, Mass 212 HoppiN, N cholas (Rev.) . . 712 Horn Pond 502, 606. 507 Horse Neck (West Green- wich. Conn.) 212. 347 HOBTON. HOTTON Eleazer 158 E. A. (Rev.) 586 Samuel 246 HOSMER Benjamin Gould 447 Charles E 767 John 8 John Horatio 736 Joseph 218 Stephen 04 William Wallace 735 HouoHTON, Lewis W 804 HousK — Arthur 408 Charles F 408, 605 House Brook 633 Howard — AbigaU 734, 784 Amasa (Dr.) 377, 458. 803. 805. Benjamin 238. 273. 274, 324, 431, 485, 548, 734, 784. Charles 457 Clarisa 457 David P 736 (Dr.) Mrs 369 Eb 157 George A 713 George Levi 736 Hannah 734 1. A. (Rev.) 706 Jacob 171, 209. 238. 244. 324. 354. 360. 483. 545, 547, 621, 719, 734, 829. Jacob Mrs 545, 547 Jacob. Jr 360 Joanna 734 Jonathan. . 164, 481, 485, 734 Levi (Dr.) 376. 377, 564, 664, 706, 736, 804. Lewis K 766 Lydia 734 Lydia Jane 736 Martha . . 545, 548, 621, 734 Mary 588, 733, 734, 736 Nathaniel 734 Nathaniel (Maj.) 457, 492, 642, 763. Nathaniel, Sen. 131, 133, 135(7), 485, 512, 733. Otis 457 Howard — Rachel 545, 735 Samuel 199, 209, 238, 2T7, 281, 324. 361, 362, 417. 609, 621, 682, 719, 734, 760. Sarah 733, 734 Sarah Eliiabeth 736 Timothy 189, 362, 784 WiUard 238, 244, 324, 354, 360, 496, 622, 719. William 735 Howard Estate 485 Howard Farm 113 Howard House 478 Howard "Merrimack. Highway to" 41 Merrimack Journal 594 Merrimack Manufacturing Company 53. 407, 488, 489,507,561.665,711.712 Merrimack Mills 493. 508 Merrimack. New Hamp- Bhire 489.529 Merrimack Plain . od^ Merrimack Religious So- ciety 712. 713 Merrimack River 2. 3. 5, 30, 31. 32, 33, 34. 38, 41, 63, 57, 72. 73. 74, 75. 77. 78. 79, 81, 82. 83. 90. 96, 106, 106. 107. 108, 110. 112, 116. 125, 149. 219. 420. 454. 474. 486. 493. 502. 608. 514. 520, 526, 534, 540, 613, ,_., -__. 636. 645. 648. 649, 650, 654, 665. 662. 666, 671, 812, 813. 826. Merrimack River Bridge . 816 Merrimack Street 486, 520. 660, 561. 812. Meserve. Harry 372 Messenger — ^_„ Elias 672 George • • 67^ Mbtacom (Philip) ... 84. 85 Metcale — Dorothy Hope 73» Martin L 739 M. L. Mr. and Mrs. ... 714 Nancy M 739 113. 114. 123. 124. 138, 148, 163, 158, 393. 412, 432, 439. 471, 472. 484, 485. 489, 490. •SOO, 601. 505. 506, 512. 513, 518. 519. ."^24. 525. 529. 533, 637. 639, .592, 607, 634, 635, 117. 118. 131, 136. 150. 152. 220. 392. 421, 422, 469. 470, 475. 481, 487, 488, 498, 499, 503. 604. .VH). 511. 515, 516. .522. 623, 627. 528, 635, 536, 6.^4, 662, 632. 633. 638. 639. 870 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Methodist Episcopal Church, The 707, 822 Methuen, Mathen, Mathuen 250, 252, 256, 259, 274. 366, 541, 805. Mexican War 367, 486 Middleborough 84, 85 Middlesex Agricultural So- ciety, The 464 Middlesex Canal 31, 33, 436, 439, 454, 470, 478, 483, 484, 493, 500, 501, 502, 504, 505, 507. 508, 516, 525, 634, 635, 636, 637, 650, 659, 661, 666, 718, 815, 816. Middlesex Canal Company 508 Middlesex Canal, Proprie- tors of 501, 506, 508, 509 Middlesex Company . 422, 486 Middlesex Convention 200, 203, 204, 215, 807. Middlesex County 103, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 186, 187, 188, 192, 199, 204, 206, 208, 211, 222, 229, 242, 244, 252, 253, 254, 274, 275, 279, 357, 359, 363, 364, 365, 366, 410, 415, 416, 417, 419, 432, 433, 440, 448, 464, 474, 475, 493, 501, 628, 536, 567, 670, 575, 606, 609, 612, 627, 648, 668, 776, 781, 806. Middlesex County Court 85, 574. Middlesex County, History of 487, 661, 666 Middlesex County Train- ing School 599 Middlesex County Truant School 599 Middlesex Courts 85, 474, 536, 575. Middlesex Mechanics Asso- ciation 818 Middlesex Merrimack River Bridge, Proprietors of 497 Middlesex Militia, Second Regiment 482 Middlesex Mills 422 Middlesex North Agricul- tural Society 464 Middlesex Packet. ... 441, 505 Middlesex Regiment of Militia 574 Middlesex Resolves . . 203, 204 Middlesex Road 52, 434 Middlesex Street 437, 438, 439, 479, 525, 560, 645, 670, 704. Middlesex Tavern (Old) 442, 479 521 548 Middlesex Turnpike 230, 439, 666, 668. Middlesex Village 30, 41, 90, 397, 439, 441, 442, 448, 454, 455, 478, 479, 480, 483, 484, 485, 498, 500, 501, 504, 514, 540, 547, 559, 560, 593, 594, 626, 634, 642, 658, 682, 703, 705, 708, 720, 795, 796, 797, 798. 812, 838. Middlesex Village Congre- gational Church . 629, 708 Middlesex "Yeoman" .... 490 MiDDLETON David 115, 826 John J 369, 713 Middletown, R. 1 266 Midland Street 228 Milks, Henry A. (Rev.) 487, Milford,' Ct 355, 590 MUl Pond 39 Mill Road (Old) 91, 435, 599 Mill Row 560, 562 Mill Street 54, 437 Miller — F. M. (Rev.) 707 Jacob 95 Jeremiah 580, 832 Mills — John 260, 353 Jonathan 557 Millstone Hill 58, 633 Ministry Meadow 634 MiNOT, MiNOTT — Anna 264 Elizabeth 738 Elizabeth (Stratton) ... 264 George 264 G. R 357 Hannah (Stoughton) . . 264 Hepsibah (Coriet) 264 James 160, 169, 239, 264 Jesse 265, 267 John (Capt.) 209, 213, 215, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 281, 282, 283, 331, 332, 354, 395, 445, 609, 610, 620, 676, 699, 760, 761, 762, 770, 838. Jonathan 45, 264, 737, 758 Major 792 Martha 264 Rachel 770 Rebecca (Jones) 264 Samuel 264 Thomas 264 Minot's Tavern 840 MiRicK, (See Merrick). Mississippi River 169 MissTiCK, George 34 Mitchell, Mitchel — Edward C. (Rev.) 709 Francis 270 Moe, WilUam C. H. (Rev.) 705 Mohawk River 77 Mohawks, Mawhawks, Mo- hokes 62, 80, 81, 124, 125, 193 Mohegans 126 Mole Hill Meadow 634 Molly Varnum Chapter, D. A. R. ... 220, 221, 485 Monadnock Mountain . . . 630 MoNAHAN, John J. 376, 377, 604. MoNCRiEF (Major) 233 MONOCO, John 113, 432 Monroe, Aaron .... 257, 353 Montague 364 MoNTAQDE, Lady Mary Wortley 581 Montaigne 592 Monthly Quarto 594 Montreal . . 186, 188, 201, 787 MOODT Daniel 1 408 Daniel J 561 Paul 407, 486, 488, 489, 561 Mr. (Rev.) 791 MooKE, Moor, Moars, Moors, Moores, More, Mores — Eb 157 Esther 738 George C. 597. 605. 606. 667. 668. 669, 670, 671. James 175 Moore — Jesse 705 John 292 Jno 134 Joseph 178. 277. 621, 546. 548, 570, 621, 738, 769. 786, 809. Justin L 698 Laura 739 Miel 726 Robert 157 Samuel 139, 288 Sarah B 739 Simeon . .293, 559, 621, 738 Thomas . .395, 397, 402, 718 Moore Spinning Co. . 597, 670 Moore Street 548, 559, 560 Moore's Company (Mills) 292, 658, 659, 671. Moor's Big Falls 509 Moor's Falls 509 Moosehead Lake 605 Mohan, John 386 Morgan — Charles C 386 Shapleigh 373 Morrill, Moball, Morhl, Morbel, Morrell, MORILL — David 249 Jeremiah 257, 272, 288, 332 Mary 800 Micajah 174. 679 Nichcdas 257, 353 Robert 172, 173, 176, 260, 332. Morrill's Store 441 Morris — LiUie H 739 Lucy E 739 Minnie A 739 Morrison, Moribon — David 360 John 271, 708 William 271, 353 Morrisset, James 386 Morse — Horace W. (Rev.) 686, 691, 713. H. W. Mrs. (Lydia S.) 369, 713. William (Rev.) 686 Morton — Helen F 468 Perez 247 Morus Multicaulis 453 MosELET, Samuel 87, 90, 96. 97, 98, 125. MOTTEY Charles 738 Joseph (Capt.) 738 Mountfort, Montfort — Elizabeth 300 Jonathan, Jr.. .300, 776, 777 Mary 300. 781. 792 Sarah 777 Sarah Bridge 776, 777 Mount Hope 842. 562, 563, 621, 719. 740, 742, 744. Joseph 3, 7. 8. 22. 28, 37, 39. 85, 92, 93, 110, 112. 134. 139, 150. 151. 175. 229, 246, 272, 336, 359, 360, 481, 494, 531, 678, 682, 740. 745. 758. 826, 835. Joseph, Jr 93 Joeiah 143, 157, 158, 159, 513 Leonard. . 162, 294, 336, 361 Levi 260, 336 Lucy 743 Margaret 27, 139 Mary 140 Mary Hortense 744 Mary R 744 Moses ...8, 52, 57. 59, 134 Moses (Capt., later Col.) 159, 165, 175, 176, 177, 178, 195, 201. 220, 221, 222, 228, 229, 230, 231, 233, 235, 236, 237, 242, 243, 246, 247, 336, 354, 355, 430, 431, 512, 513. 519, 556, 590, 599. 622. 786. 787, 788. 838. Moses Greeley (Dr.) ... 261 Nancy 744 Nathaniel 621 Nehemiah Abbott 246. 361 Newell E 586, 767 N 816 Obediah 152 Oliver 336. 364, 622 Phebe P 744 Philip 171. 277. 294. 360, 616, 542. 559. 622, 741. Phinehas 273 P. Hildreth 721 Rachel 184. 740. 742 Rebeckah 246. 544, 570, 622. 740. 741. Remembrance 743 Reuben 245, 337. 354. 622, 741, 742. Rhoda 801 Robert 93 Rose 27 Samuel 150 Barah 7. 60. 233, 235. 237. 246. 277, 278, 541, 542, 644, 547, 616, 621, 740, 741. Sarah R 744 Silas 256, 259, 273, 274, 292, 337, 361, 362. Simeon 249 Simon 293, 294, 337. 475 S., Jr 457 T&bitha 541 Thomas 6, 44, 60, 51, 134. 140, 143. 512, 513, 516. 620. 551, 578. 755. 756. 829 Thomas P 592 Thomas (Rev.) 143. 699, 710. 777, 785. "Tom" 483, 829 Parkkr — Willard 247, 262. 337, 354, 420, 621, 719, 742. Willard 744 Willard (Dr.) 540, 562, 663. 688, 589, 691. Willard, Jr 741 WUlard S 745 Wm. 247, 262, 277, 278, 279, 337, 354, 359, 483, 622, 829 Wm., Jr. 247, 268, 269, 289, 298, 337, 354, 621. William Sullivan 745 W 438 Zebulon 360, 475 Parker, J. M. G., Estate. . 436 Parker House 398, 840 Parker Mill 664 Parker Papers. Benj. 293, 294, 516, .541, 542, 545. Parker Place (Old) 294, 514. 522, 542, 544. Parker Street 397, 526. 530, 541. 560, 561. Parkhurst, Pahkis, Parkibs, Perkis — Abigail 740, 741 Abram 743 Alfred G 370, 373, 386 Amos 448, 743 Amos A 375, 386 Andrew 448, 740, 743 Benjamin 245, 3.37, 354, 622, 725, 740, 742. Betsy 448 Betty 742 Charles 744 Charles W 385 Charlotte M 742 C. E 240 Eben 529 Ebenezer 430, 837 Edgar S 376, 377, 744 Edward A 371 Edwin King 745 Edwin K 765 Eliiabeth... 299, 741, 743 Elizabeth A 770 Elizabeth Rider (Johnson) 745 Emma L 605 Ephraim 209, 244, 337. 354. 622. E. A 402 E. K. 402, 459, 586, 588, 594, 664, 765, 832. E. 8 373 Fiske King 745 George 532 George A. 369, 370, 371, 375, 386, 458, 459, 585, 589, 602, 745, 765, 766, 767, 768. G. Thomas 589, 823 G. W. K 744 Hannah 741, 838 Harry L 589, 698, 824 Harry Osgood 745 Hattie 744 Hezekiah 398 Hortense 468 James 362, 521, 658, 622. 742 Jerome Manning 745 Joel 171. 743 John 743 John 744 John (Rev.) 241, 398, ■'i56, .'561, .591, 600. 630. 693. 702. 70.5. 706. .John, 3rd .375. 386 John Rowland 721 Parkhurst — Jona. 401. 421. 740. 768 Joseph .37, 41. 44. 60, 136, 172. 512. 513. 532. 679, 616, 836. Joseph, Jr 44 Joseph A 767 Josiah 188, 189, 199, 294, 338, 360, 606, 621, 682. 719. 742. .lulius 82© J. A 436 Lurina M. Adams .... 746 Lucindft 745 Marietta 468 Martha Jones 746 Mary 743 Mary Elizabeth 746 Micftjah 743 M. E. Battles 744 Oliver .550, .599. 742 Philip 292. 622. 742 Rachel 742 Ruth 742 Samuel 220. 241. 265. 267, 268. 269. 284. 337. 354. 360. 719. 742, 743. Samuel S 744 Sarah 744 .Sarah Fletcher 744 Sewall 744. 704. 765 Sewall Mr. and Mrs. ... 714 Silas 742 Solomon 457. 744 Solomon Mrs 369 Susanna 741 S. S 369. 402 S. Waldo 402. 603. 604. 766 Victor L 408 WinthropA... 91. 598, 602 Parkhurst Old Estate 398 Parkhurst Road 435 Parkhurst's Greenhouses. . 436 Parkhurst's Store 396. 434 Parkman. .154. 162. 165. 818 Parkman (Dr.) 864 Parkman House (Old) 674 Parlin, Silas 266. 268 Parhib, Samuel 92 Wm.. Jr 176 Parrot, John 814 Parrott Hill 438 Parry — John 164 Samuel 93 Thomas 175 Wm 172 Parson, George 93 Partherch. John 288 Partison. John 580 Partridgefield 261. 363 Pascattoway 107 Pashq. Oliver 375 Passaconaway 30. 77. 78, 79. 81. 82, 83, 106, 107, 125. Pasadena, California .... 5C5 William R 819 William T 387 Patchen, James W. . 370, 371 Path, Timothy 277 Patten — Isaac 360, 700 Lydia 740 Oliver 740 P.1TTI80N, John 94 Patuxet Stake 469 Paugus 154, 165 874 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Pawtucket, Pawtuckett, Pautucket, Patucket, Pattuctt 3, 4, 6, 30, 31, 33, 77, 78, 79, 87. 119, 136, 468, 469, 471, 508, 525, 530, 554, 638. Pawtucket and Chelmsford Line 474 Pawtucket Bridge 252, 439, 484, 486, 497, 499, 562. Pawtucket Canal 469, 488, 493, 499, 500, 507, 508. Pawtucket Canal Company 486 Pawtucket Dam 645, 609 Pawtucket Falls 75, 78, 79, 91, 116, 117, 118, 220, 250, 397, 422, 485, 486, 488, 489, 493, 499, 607, 511, 513, 519, 624, 560, 629, 635, 649, 662, 665, 720, 807, 808. Pawtucket Hall 457 Pawtucket Meadow (Meadows) 515, 519, 634. Pawtucket Stake 6, 469, 523, 525. (See Patuxet and Wamesit Stake.) Pawtucket Street 439, 485, 560. 561, 812. Pawtuckets 81, 524, 525, 537. 538 833 Pawtucketvilie 250, 475, 559, 704, 831. Pawtucketvilie Cemetery . 252 Pawtucketvilie Congrega- tional Society 704 PuABODT, John W 766 Peach, Thomas 116 Pbak, Samuel 270, 353 Pearce (See Pierce.) PlIABL Caroline H 745 Franklin F 745 Pbabson — Amos 408 (Drummer) 240 Captain 147 Oscar 387 William 407 Pease, Levi 392 Peaslee, Nath 624 Peat Meadow 633, 634 Peck — James 605 James B 375 Peckens, John (Rev.) 701, 702, 703. Pekkock, Thos 172 Peekskill 274 Pblsey, Benjamin 360 Pklsoe — Benjamin 701 George 373 Pembroke, New Hamp- shire 143 Pemechowasick 107 Pence, Ephraim 339 PENDERQA8T, Peter 374 Penhallow (Judge) . 146, 147 Peninsular Campaign .... 489 Pennacook, Penakook, Pena- cook, Penicook, Pena- googe, Pennycooke 100, 106, J07, 120, 125. 129, 638, 539, 629, 810. Pennacook Indiana 77, 96, 105, 106, 107, 126, 538. Penniman (Rev.) 782 Pennsylvania 571 Pennsylvania Freedman'a Relief Association .... 568 Penst (Probably Priest), Samuel 457 Pentucket Lodge of Masons 479 Peperell, William (Gen.) 839 Pepperell, Pepperel, Pepper- rill, Pepperil, Pellerill 165, 212, 261, 265, 266, 267, 268, 271, 357, 364, 376. Pequawkets 154, 165 Pequots 17, 82, 126 Perham, Pebam, Periam, Periham, Perum, Per- RUM Albert 459 Albert Proctor 745 Anna 742 Arnold C 408, 605 Asenath 745 A. P. Mrs 458 Benoni 141, 148, 149, 150, 656, 740, 741, 809. David 53, 368, 373, 396, 510, 564, 661, 664, 706, 745, 764, 765, 809. David 809 David 809 David Mrs 369 DoUe Osgood 806 D. Clinton 435, 745 Edwin C 438, 768 Edwin P 745 Eleutheria (Waite) .744, 809 EUia B 745 Eliiabeth 750 Ella J 744 Ella P 744 Emeline Augusta 745 Estelle Sophia Kittredge 809 Hannah 740, 741 Hannah Fairbanks .... 746 Henry S. 78, 135, 150, 154, 200, 220, 222, 240, 256, 368, 369, 370, 371, 374, 378, 387, 396, 412, 437, 447, 458, 459, 460, 511, 524, 540, 550, 566, 583, 584, 585, 586, 594, 596, 602, 630, 681, 662, 664, 665, 666, 698, 720, 745, 766. 801. 809. 818, 823, 824, 825. Henry S. Mr. and Mrs. . 458 James C 809 Joel 746 John 43, 59, 90, 134, 260. 339, 340, 401, 411, 512, 531, 617, 664. 675, 678, 740, 742, 809, 836. John, 3d 257 Jonathan 8, 410, 563, 740, 742, 750, 762, 763. Joseph 139 J. W. Mrs 458 Karl M. . . 393, 602, 604, 768 Lemuel 257, 288 Lemuel, Jr 257, 353 Lydia 740 Lydia (Shepley) ... l.p, 809 Maria A. . .'. 746 Mary 750 M. E. Miss 369 OUve A. Gray 744 Oliver.. 273. 274. 339, 362 Otb 750 Perley Perkins 745, 766 Rebecca 745 Rebecca Spaulding 809 Rebecca S 745 Perham — Samuel 47, 141, 168, 174, 193. 195, 198. 200, 203. 207, 209, 213. 215, 252. 281, 340, 581. 622. 698. 719. 741. 742. 744. 75B, 760. 761, 807, 809. Samuel, Jr. 220, 247, 288. 340, 364, 496, 761. Samuel P 745, 765, 768 Sarah 740 Sarah (Richardson) ... 809 Sarah Robbins 809 S. P 745, 769 Walter 14, 603, 604, 664, 767, 768, 809, 823. Perham Estate 220 Perham Farm Vinegar . . . 664 Perkins — Joseph 131 Rollin 374 Perrin — James 298 William 298 Perry — Eliza 805 John N 766, 82» Joseph 158, 621 Samuel 93 Wm 178 Person — George 93 James 270, 363 Persons, James, Jun. . . . 270 Petaohuncksg. Cicily . . .833 Peter (Indian) 33 Peters, Joseph T 457 Petersham. . 143, 261, 357, 363 Pettinoill, Petinoal, Pet- TINQAL Daniel 271, 353 Hugh . 284 Joseph 271, 353 John 609 Phelps, Joseph 249 Philadelphia 204, 463, 503, 563, 564, 566, 567, 568, 591 698 Philip, king!. 61, 68, 81, 88, 84, 87. 88, 04, 98, 110. 126, 200, 419. 614. Philip's War. King 614 Philipston 261 Phillips. Philips — A. D 596 Col 839 Daniel (Rev.) 588, 705 John 433 Maj 791 Mary 581 William 277. 278 W. S. (Rev.) 702 Phillips Academy 799 Phillis, Pomp 274 or Fi'ps Charles 260, 317, 353 Col 789 Saml 410, 411 Solomon 266. 268 Sir William 127, 132, 136, 574, 622. Spencer 161, 181, 182, 523, 574. Phoenix 164 "Physicians in Groton".. 848 PicKARD, Allen 746 Carl M 746 George W 40S INDEX OF NAMES 875 PiEBCB, Pearce, Pears. Peirce, Peik8e, Perce, Pebre, Pirce — Abijah 365 Arthur 743 Benjamin 147, 170, 220, 227, 228, 24.5, 256, 258, 290, 338. 340, 354, 355, 457, 541. 559. Betsey (Bowers) 547 Bettv 529 Bradley 742 Bridget 8, 742 Col 70, 528 Deborah 743 Elizabeth 547 Eliiabeth Merrill 541 Ephraim 273, 274. 340, 621 Esther (Fletcher) 541, 547, 549 E.V.(Mrs.) 713 Franklin (Pres't) 142, 220, 227, 228, 541, 5.59, 592. George D 743 Georgianna H 586 Granville (Rev.).. 586, 686 Hanna Marshall 547 Hannah 743 Henry C 743 Jerathmeel 529 Jesse 743 Joanna 549, 550 John 152, 267, 366, 375, 387. 743. Jonas 244. 255, 258. 277, 294, 338, 622. 340, 354. 362, 679, 682, 719, 742, 761. 762. Jonas V 387, 819 Jonathan 245. 265. 268, 269, 338, 354, 622. 743. Joseph 360. 416. 545, 548, 549, 550, 559, 570. 621. 742, 838. Joseph, Jr 760 Joseph Mrs 545 J. V 372 Lucy Spaulding 547 Levi ...247. 338. 354. 622 Maria D 744 Mary 547, 549, 550. 740. 742, 743. Mary A 744 Mary (Landlee) 548 Minnie 743 Olive 744 Oliver 277. 278, 293, 294. 399. 427. 547. 580, 743. Oliver. Jr. 173, 283, 621. 622 Pollv 284 Rebeckah 742 Robert 150. 220, 247. 248. 249, 338. 340. 354, 360. 516, 521, 541, 545, 547, 548. 559. 621. Silas 262, 338, 360, 396, 524. 545, 547. 549. 550. 622. 719, 742, 743. ' Silas Mrs 545 Stephen 39. 89. 134. 137. 142. 170. 172, 257. 262, 272, 277, 288. 339. 360. 399, 400. 423. 512. 513. 516. 517. 518. 521. 522. 541. 545, 547, 549, 5.56, 578, 617, 621. 625, 676, 678, 719. 725, 740. 743, 755, 756, 757, 789, 837. Stephen, Jr. 244, 339. 354, 399. 757. Stephen. 3d 360 Pierce — Susie 742 Tabitha (Parker) . . 142. 541 Thankful 545, .549, 550, 809 Thomas 142, 541 Willard 2.57, .339, 622 William 93, 163, 171, 207. 209. 214. 288. 293. 427, 545. 547. 621. William Mrs 545 Pierce Hou.se 400. 549 PiERPONT. John (Rev.) ... 219 PiGooTT. Preston L 602 Pigwacket (Pequawket) . . 141 Pike. Ptke — Albert E 372, 387. 819 John (Rev.) 147 (Major) 108 S. W 805 William H 387, 390 PiLSBURT. Hezekiah 93 Pine Hill 418, 519. 633 Pine Hill Road 440 Pine Plain 633 Pine Ridge Cemetery 371. 599 720 Pine Street 7. 41. 293. 294. 516. 517, 522. 525, 527, 530, 542, 544. Piper, Samuel 260. 340 Piscfttaqua 129 Piscataqua River ... 113. 125 PiTCAiRN, John, Major 217,226 Pitt. William 190 P1TT8, Berwick 299 Elizabeth 299 Eliiabeth (Bowdoin) . . 828 Elizabeth Fitch 299 Eliiabeth Lindall 299 Eliiabeth Mountfort . . 300 Eliiabeth W 300 James 193, 299, 300, 395, 683, 742. 763, 764, 828. Joanna Davis 299, 581 John 193, 299, 581, 583 Lendall 193, 299. 300 Mary 300, 581 Mary Davis Carver Mrs. 299 Rachel Hildreth 300 Samuel 193, 298. 299, 300, 581, 583, 761, 782. 792. 793 Sarah 299. 581 Sarah Chardon 300 Thomas. .300, .367. 448, 581 Pitts, Goodwin's Mem. of 300 Pittsfield 261, 363 Plain Street. .400, 560, 638, 812 Pliny 592 Plummer, Jay B 604 Plutarch 592 Plymouth 84, 85. 528. 613. 811 Plymouth Brethren 715 Plymouth Colony 579 Plymouth County 79.5 Pmatucket (Pawtucket) ... 33 Pollard — Asa 175 C ". . 288 Jona P 497 Jonathan 622 Solomon 262. 353 Pollard's Tavern 840 Pollock — Allan 561 George B 561 Pollet, Polly — David 663 John 93 Mr 458 Mrs 840 Pond Meadow 519. 834 "Pond Plain" 4.38. 633 Poole. Jonathan 124 Poor — Col 274 Daniel 483. 829 Martha 548 "Poorman's Bridge" 41. 526, 527. Pope Innocent VIII 571 Poplar Swamp 633 P0PPLE8, Daniel 387 Port-au-Prince 588 Port Roval 127, 624 Port Royal Relief Com- mittee 568 Porter — Asa 265, 267. 353 CKsar 271 John 174. 175. 188, 189, 795 Jonathan... 501. 503, 506 Reuben 289 Portland, Maine 799 Portsmouth. .. . 285, 711. 772 Portsmouth, Treaty of . . . . 126 Post, Cornelius H 387 PoTAMi, Titus 270 Powell — Jer 254 Truman 187 Powell Street. . . 220, 560, 561 Power, William 134 Powers — Ephraime 158 Henry 745 Peter 143 Phinehas 174 Samuel L 63, 823 Walter 477 Wm 174, 814 PowNALL. Thomas 172, 548, 839. Pratt — Bernard 174 Constantino 174 M. C, Heirs 527 Preble, Jedediah 164 Prentice, Nathaniel 555, 699 Presbyterian Church in Savan- nah, Georgia 673 Prescott — Abraham 599 Amost 362 Amy 743 Benj 621, 743 John 156, 656. 657 Jonas 51, 656, 657 Jonathan 94 Oliver 210, 211, 213, 506, 548 William (Colonel) 225, 227. 229, 250, 546. Prescott Bank 807 Prestov — Albert P 744 Alice L 744 Herbert 1 744 Maria A 744 Saml 165 William J 745 Preston, England 486 Price (Capt.) 186 Prideax-x (Col.) 187 Priest — Eleasar 158 John 93 (See also Penbt.) Prince, Samuel 299 Princeton 364 Princeton Boulevard .... 671 Princeton Street .... 437, 705 876 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Proctor, Prockter, Procktor, Procter, Procttor — Abigail 244, 785 Amos 475 Asa 360 Aeubah 743 Azariah 247, 262. 340, 354, 362. 620, 684. 719. 743, 761. Benjamin 279, 280, 445, 620, 785. Benjamin S 743 Betsey 743 Charles 744 Charles (Mrs.) 369 Clifford 744 Cotton 265. 267 C 240 Daniel 167, 171, 214, 215. 257, 283, 287, 341, 362, 401. 520. 557, 620, 682, 719, 741, 742, 744, 758, 759, 761. David 152 Ebenezer 620 Edwin 743 Eldad 742 Elijah 279, 280, 341, 359. 395, 620. Elisha 165 Elotia D 743 Emily H 744 Fannie Thurlow 745 Genett W 743 George W 746 Gershom 44, 94, 135, 153, 190, 257. 288, 353, 512, 570, 623, 694, 695, 700, 740, 741, 787. Gershom (Mrs.) 784 Hannah 743 Harriet E 743 Harriet M 744 Harriet P 744 Harriet S. W 744 Henry 620, 700 Henry B 402, 745. 765 Hiram 741 Isaac 165, 166, 167, 169. 189 Israel 135, 445, 553, 695. 740, 785 James 134, 447 Jasper P 658 John 152 John. Jr 150 Jonas 743 Jonas R 744 Jonathan 150 Josiah K 387 Levi 284, 341, 740 Lieut 285, 786 Lucy 740 Mary 741 Mary B 587 Mary L 743 Mathew 743 Milo J. . . 240, 374, 387, 743 Moly 741 Peter 135. 171, 174, 179, 180, 279. 280. 360, 512, 620. 741. Peter, Jr 171 Rebeca or Rebeckah 700, 741 Robert 3, 9, 22, 27, 37, 40, 55. 60, 89. 121, 135, 617 Rufus 396 Samuel 558. 620, 740 Sarah 695 Sarah Eliiabeth 746 Sibel H 744 Proctor — Sibel M 742, 744 Simeon 445, 760 Simeon B 743 Susanna 620, 741 Thomas Parker 398, 585. 586, 587, 712. Wm 162, 408, 621, 740 Proctor Company, Wm. P. 670 Proctor Hill 633, 436 Proctor Homestead 398 Proctor Road 436 Prospect Hill 135, 523 Prout, Ebenezer 128 Prouty, Edward 175 Providence 262 Providence Hill 633 Providence Meadow. 632, 634 Providence Pond 633 Providence Stages 441 Provincial Congress 207, 208, 216. 217. 224, 242. PULSIFER David 19, 23 Marv C 732 Punkatasset Hill 218, 221 Puntahhun (Indian) 33 "Puritan in England and New England, The" 693 Puhmoht, John 294 PUTN.VM — Amos 182 David 248, 249, 262, 265, 267, 341, 581. Franklin 402 Hannah 743 Henrv 368 Henry E 375, 387 Israel 510, 581, 064, 742, 7.50 Israel (General) 225. 226. 227, 228, 229, 232. Israel L 240, 698 John 366 Jonathan 620, 698, 641 Joseph 698. 750 Polley 741 Samuel 795 Sarah L 458, 686 Putnam Avenue 435 Putnam Farm 91 Putnam's Tavern 840 Putney, Samuel F 387 "Quaint Bits of Lowell History" (Griffin) 791 Quartering Act 190 Quarter-Millennial Celebra- tion 821, 822, 823, 824 Quebec 127, 161, 169, 186, 189. 201. 622. 624, 787. Queen. Myron A. 603, 604, 829 QoESSY, John J 605 QUIGLEV — William 708 William J. 377, 603. 710, 767 Quincy 650 Quincy Market. . 500, 585, 674 QuiNCT. Mr 839 QUINLAN, QUINLEN Michael 387 William 341 Quoah-bawge (Brookfield) . 97 Radclifke. George E 387 "Railroad House" 91 Railtree Hill 633 Ramhav, James P 767 Ramsdell, Frank E. (Rev.) 715 Ramstead, Ranstard, William 255, 256, 258, 289 Rand — John (Rev.) 710, 711 Sarah (Goffe) 711 Randall, Ebenezer 175 Randolph 650 Rangley, Rachel 786 Rattlesnake Hill 633 Ravi, Vincent (Rev.) .... 707 Rawson, Edward 3, 31, 105, 107, 109, 114, 118, 119. 120, 121, 122. 125. Raymond 218 Raymond's Tavern 840 Raynes, Mary B 593 Re a, Rae — Caleb 260, 341 Harriette 643 Jeremiah 621 Read, Reade. Reid, Reed — Abel 341, 342 Adelaide 747 Andrew J 747 Anna R 747 Benj 174 Caroline A 747 Charles E. Mrs 369 Charles F 375 Charles S. 370. 371, 387. 748 (Dr.) 801 Edith Minot 747 Elbridge G 764 Eliakim 359 Elnathan 266, 268 Emily E 748 Ezdras 11, 12, 13. 25. 26. 412, 754 Frederic Tilton 747 Geo 157 George E. 371, 387, 747, 819 George F 240 Jacob . . 174, 279. 280. 445 James 222. 257, 266, 268. 280, 341. .John 165, 182, 183, 184, 279, 280, 300, 401. 476. Jonathan 261. 263, 292, 747 Jona. M 764 Joseph 152, 300, 369, .396, 402, 464, 594, 747, 764, 765. Joshua 152, 157, 158 J. M 764 Katie A 747 I..eonora 747 Leonora S 747 Lucien H 747 LucyE 747 (Major) 838 Maria E 747 Maria L 587. 748 Miranda 747 Mortimer 747 Peter 157, 268. 342 Philip (Brig. Gen.. Ret.) 355 Robert 143 Sarah Elizabeth 747 Supply 247. 262, 269, 273, 274, 342, 354. Thaddeus 175 Thomas . 134, 143, 151. 477 Timo., Jr 172 W 457 Willard 492, 747 William 143, 402, 713 Zachary 420, 747 Reading — Hannah 746 Robert 173, 421 Reading 1, 210, 211, 238. 242. 243. 419. 490, 840. Reall, John -S?* INDEX OF NAMES 877 Hkardon — Daniel 436 Daniel A 604 RebeUion, War of the 818 "RecoUectiona of a Long Life" (Packard) 795 Records of Massachusetts 537 Red hook 286 Redshire Meadow 435, 634, 658. Redshire Road 435 Reed's Ferry 143 Reed's Hall, Joseph 458 Reed's Tavern 448 Rees's Cyclopaedia 417, 571, 796. FrankUn H. (Rev.) 705 Mr 445 Rehoboth 809 Reids, Solomon 618 Reinhart, E. M 594 Remington, Mr 792 Remme — Ann P 747 Frederick 748 Nancy 748 Rendell, Job 588 Revere, Paul 217, 704 Revolution 190, 201, 219, 229, 355, 356, 376, 392, 395, 396, 399, 431, 433, 453, 559, 570, 583, 590, 702, 720. 775, 802, 813, 827. Revolution, Daughters of the American 200, 220, 221 Revolution, Sons of the American 221 Revolutionary Army 809 Revolutionary Monument 373, 375, 588, 832, 843. Reynolds, Raynalls— Benjamin 112 Hannah 112 John 112 Joseph 112 Mary 112 Nathaniel (Capt.) Ill, 112, 825. Peter 112 Philip 112 Robert 112 Ruth 112 Sarah 112 Rhode Island 268, 269, 272, 281, 282, 283, 285, 286, 293, 294, 295, 583, 650, 711, 713, 795. Rhodes, Richard 667 Rice — Benjamin 342 (Dr.) 802 LillaA 748 Thomas 557, 787 Rich, Elisha (Rev.) 693. 702, 703. Richards, James B 388 I{lCH.\RD80N, RrrCHARDSON Almah 747 Alvah H 388, 747 Andrew, Jun 172 Aron P 457 Asa 497 Asa Edwin 747 Asenath C 747 A. Howard 370, 748 Barron Cornett 413 Barthw 496 Betty 838 (Capt.) 51 Charles 448 Richardson — Charles L 375 Chloe 747 Three daughters of Zach- ariah and Sarah 746 David 266, 268 Edward 234 Edward F. 43, 54, 435. 438, 564. 588. Eleazer . 570. 580, 622, 746 Elijah 134, 175, 366, 448. 734. 748. EUjah. Jr 448, 764 Elisabeth 746 Elizabeth 748 Emerson 748 Esther 622, 746 Ezekiel . . . 413, 717, 746 Francis 747, 764 George 747 Hannah 746, 802 Henrietta 748 Henry 152, 178, 277, 278, 622. 765. Herbert H 603 Howard 371 Isaac 557 James 41, 59, 89, 99, 101, 115, 116. 117, 118. 121. 125, 342, 512, 513, 533, 5.36, 616. John 53, .54, 141. 172, 260, 353, 656, 658, 677, 678, 688, 746, 756, 757, 758, 759. Jonathan 46, 47, 53, 151, 153, 277, 278, 360, 403, 413, 414, 522, 570, 625, 656, 677, 678, 688, 756, 757 758 Joseph 15l', 157, 159. 189. 755 Josiah 35. 37. 40. 43, 47, 50, 60, 90, 128, 132, 134, 141, 152, 163, 244, 277, 324, 354, 366, 393, 404, 430, 474, 505, 512, 513. 557, 616, 622, 717, 719. 746, 747, 755, 756, 772, 836. Josiah. Jr 513 Luke 178 Luther 562 Lydia 505, 746, 747 Marcy 746 Mary 746 Moses 171. 175 Nathaniel 159. 257, 288. 342 NelUe 369 Oliver 244, 257, 262, 277, 288, 289, 343, 354, 719, 747. Rachel 746 Remembrance (Underwood) 141, 746. Richard 157 Robert 54. 150, 151, 231, 256, 259, 260, 265, 267, 294, 343, 355, 621, 622, 719, 746, 747, 818. Samuel 234, 448, 746 Sarah . . . 283, 622, 746, 809 Selina G 587 (Sergeant) 48 Silas 417, 814 Simeon 366 Stephen 388, 677 SybU 746. 747 (Dr. Packard's ser- mon on the death of Sybil Richardson was printed in 1799.) Wildor 462 Richardson — Wm 152 Zachariah 50, 150, 170. 353. 520, 545. 548. 579. 606. 621. 622. 746, 758. 759 Zacheus 768 Richardson House 395 Richardson Road 436, 437, 438 Richardson's Mill, John 53, 54 Richardson's Tavern .... 840 Richmond, Abby Ann .... 747 Richmond 820 Ricker, Edward S 377 Ridge Hill 633 Ridgeway's Tavern 840 Right, John 37 Riley, Hugh 271 Rjngo 261 Ripley — Edward H 372, 390 Ezra (Rev.) 239, 782, 791, 817. Fred K 588 George H 604 Henry T 588 Royal S. 369, 370, 372, 388, 437, 588, 597, 768, 819. Stearns L 372. 388 Ripley Street 437 Ritchie (the German) . . . 398 James C 388 River Meadow 525. 634 River Meadow Brook 31, 36, 230, 390, 435, 485, 516, 517, 518, 519, 540, 598, 632, 633, 635, 638, 662. River Neck Road . . . 435, 436 Riverside Cemetery 372. 720 Riverside Street 91 Road Commissioners .... 437 "Road to the Bay". . 392, 443 Roadman, Earl A. (Rev.) . 715 RoBB, John 343 Robbins, Robbns, Robins, ROBINES — Anna 141 Benjamin . . . 150, 152, 476 Betty 746 B. 46, 47, 802 C. O. 277, 280, 285, 359, 444 Edward J. 39, 602, 604, 768 Ephraim 262, 343 George 45, 60, 89, 99, 100, 101, 512, 519, 617. George H 473 Isaac 746 Jacob 265, 268 James 402, 747. 829 John 608, 609, 621, 679. 699, 746, 757. John, Jr 621 Jonas 171, 174, 353, 621, 700, 746. 760, 787. Jonathan 154. 155, 178, 262, 265, 267, 343, 621, 700. Joseph 746 Martin 748. 767 Mary 700 Nathan 408 Phylup 445 Sarah 809 Susannah 746 Thos 265, 267. 700 Valentine P 820 Zacheus W 747 Zebulon 700 Robbins, B. O. House. ... 47 Robbins Brook, George. . . 633 878 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Robbins House 398 Bobbins Papers .... 268. 460 Robbins Road 435 Roberts, Mary 776 Robertson, Russell 408 Robin, the Indian. . . .393, 629 Robin's Hill 3, 38, 40, 55, 57, 62, 63, 88, 89, 220, 393, 398, 414, 435, 436, 453, 524, 552, 573, 578, 598, 629, 630, 633, 645, 646, 652, 659, 660, 717, 802. Robin's Hill House 62 Robinson — Andrew 116 Edward A. (Rev.) 715 F. W 714 George W 388 John 176, 290, 774 Noah 829 ROBT, ROBIE Christopher 375, 376, 589, 672, 764, 765, 819. (Dr.) 785 John 92, 245, 257, 343, 354, 622. Simeon 167 Roby, C. & Co 672 Roby, Sawyer A Co. . 672, 829 Rock Bottom Factory. ... 441 ROCKWOOD — Emeline 599 Joseph 212 Rocky Hill ...435, 633 RoDKRiao (Captain) .... 115 Roe's Tavern 840 Rogers, Roqoers — Harriet B 582, 583 John, Jr 523 J. E 665 Patrick 163, 164 Thomas D 388 Timothy 212 WiUiam 816 Zebadiah .... 277, 278, 622 Rogers Park 62 Rogers Street 662 Rolf, Charles 370 Rollins, Rollings, Rolings^ John 171, 173 Voluntine P 388 Roman Catholic Cemetery 720 Roman Catholics 705 Rope's Tavern 840 Rose, Solomon 174 Ross, Joseph 249 Round Meadow.. 39, 519, 634 Round Pond 519, 633 Rounds, John (Rev.) 706 RowBLL, William 256, 259, 344 Rowley 786 Roxbury 3, 118, 216, 229, 266, 268, 534, 710, 803, 818. Royal Arch Chapter 585 Royal Charter 201 Royal Society of London . 573 Rugby, England 489 Rdggles (Col.) 183 RcMMERY, Simon 151 Rush, Alois 747 Russell — Abbot 36. 747 Abel 265, 267 Amos 249, 265, 267, 353, 445 Belle Hayden 747 Charies 747 Dora Elizabeth 748 Edwin Lincoln 747 E. HamUn 604 Russell — Fred 408 Frederick E 39, 388 Hiram F 375 James 575, 576, 839 John Lewis (Rev.) 651, 654, 685, 686. Joseph 168 (Judge) 785 Lincoln H 36 Martha Truel 747 Nathaniel P 240 Nelson Abbott 747 Peter 158 Statira Garland 747 Stephen 275 Thomas 497 Russell House 396 Russell Road 438 RusseU's Mills 440, 664 Rutland 261 Rutlin, Joseph 158 Ryan, Joseph D 409 Ryece, Robert 15 Ryswick, Peace of 624 Ryswick, Treaty of 138 Saco, Maine 795 Sady, Sadey, Samuel 148, 149, 150, 529. Safety, Committee of 208, 216, 217, 222, 242, 827. Sagamore, Sagamob — George 833 Joe 5, 30 John 31, 99 Sagamore's Plantation, John 469, 479. St. Alban's Episcopal Mis- sion 715 St. Andrew 410 St. Anne, Parish of ...... . 712 St. Anne's Church 490, 492, 629, 711, 712, 713. St. Anne's Church, The Congregation of 712 St. Catherine's Mission Church 709 Saint Domingo 564, 568 St. Francis 83 St. George 410 St. Gregory, Church of . . . 710 St. Helier, Parish of (Jer.sey) 817 St. James's Parish, Suflfolk County, England.... 16 St. John, Nova Scotia, now New Brunswick 177 St. John River 176, 177 St. John's, (Quebec) 186 St. John's Church, Lowell 713 St. John's Church, Ports- mouth 711, 772 St. John's Roman Catholic Church, No. Chelms- ford. . 708, 709, 710, 822 St. John's Total Abstinence Society 710 St. Joseph's Cemetery .... 720 St. Lawrence (River) 501, 503 St. Lawrence, Gulf of 178 St. Mary's Church, Chelms- ford, England 14, 833, 834 St. Michael's Church, Lowell 709 St. Patrick 410 St. Patrick's Church, Lowell 708, 709 Sakateare Meadow 634 Salem 17, 19, 69, 124, 193 194, 207, 209, 217, 392' 396, 419, 420, 444, 445' 485, 490, 521, 530, 53l' 560, 572, 573, 576, 685" 769, 794, 799, 833, 837* 840. ' Salem Cadet Band 824 Salem, History of (Bentley) 833 Salem, New Hampshire . . 709 Salendine, John 93 Salisbury . 679, 799 Salmon River ' 64 Saltish ' 261 "Salvation for " ail' Men'"' (Channing) 792 Sampson, Samson — James A 588 Joseph 92 seth P. ...:::::;::::: sss Samuel (Indian) ..78, 79, 102 Samuel, alias Manatoques old Rogger 34 Sanbohn — Frank B 816 John S 388 Moses 174 Sanders, Benjamin 257 Sandisfield 363 Sandown 256, 259 Sanger, Charles H 750 Sanitary Commission 368 Santamour — Frank 751 F. W 663 Saratoga 251, 261, 443 Sargent, Seargent — H. Ellen 588 J. Hoyt 588 Jesse A 375 Luther H. 584, 586, 587, 588, 766. Nathan 210 Nathaniel . . . . 211 Nellie H 588 Paul Dudley 204, 795 Simeon C 407 Saugus 73, 656 Saunders — Jessee 174 Louise Goucher 751 Lydia A. (Craig) 751 N. C. (Rev.) .... 458, 706 Nathan Crosby 751 Paul 751 Ray 751 Ruth Irene 751 Sausamon 84 Savage — James 528 Jube 266, 268 (Major) 116 Patrick 54, 390 Sawin, Thomas 92 Sawin House 478 Saw Mill Meadow Brook 50, 633. Sawpit Hill 439, 633 Sawtell — Elnathan 171 Obediah 621 Sawyer — Alfred P 643, 656, 659 Frederick T 672, 673 James 171 Josiah 579 Sawyer and Gay 829 Scales — Mr 791 Stephen 719, 749, 790, 791, 806 INDEX OF NAMES 879 Scarborough 266, 268 Searlet Brook 470, 471 Schenectady, Schenectada 127, 187, 189. ScHoriELD, Edmund T. (Rev.) 709, 710, 822 School DiBtricts 418, 434, 560, 561, 562. "School-house Lane" 534 School Street 412, 436. 440, 485, 516, 534, 559, 560. School Street Cemetery. . . 720 Schoolmasters, Memoir of (in Plymouth) 775 ScHOtiLEB (Adjutant-Gen- eral) 375 Scituate 85, 547 ScoBORiA, Arthur G. (Dr.) 377, 604, 805. Scoduck (Schodack, N. Y.) 261 ScoiLAN, Owen 605 SCOTBOBM, Tho 134 Scotland 237,612,669 Scott — Ebeneaer 158 George 164 Henry L. (Rev.) 709 Robert 171 ScoTTOW (Capt.) 115 ScRKEN, James 174 ScBiBNBB, Charles F. 603, 829 Scripture — Elisabeth 749, 750 OUver 367, 762, 802 ScyU (Capt) 119 Scythe Factory ViUage. . . 672 Sea Flower 164 Seamans, Charles M 390 Sears, Charles A 391 Sbaveb, George A 375 Seccom, Thomas 776 Second Church of Christ in Chelmsford 699 Second Congregational Church, No. Chelmsford 822 Second Congregational So- ciety 594, 703 Second Street 435 Sebton, George M 408 Sbmple, John A 750 Senteb, John, Jr 173 Sentie, John 176, 178 Separates 697 September Gale 479, 642 Sew ALL, Sewal — D 254 David 624 Samuel 70, 127, 520, 528. 573, 789, 838, 839. Thomas ..41. 527. 529, 532 Seward, Enos 174 Noadiah 174 Sexton, Philip (Rev.) 709 Shabp^ — Benjamin 375 Clara J 588 Henry 375, 388 John 588 Sharp and Axtell 665 Shatswell, Richard .... 535 Shatttjck — Benjamin 699 Job 356, 357, 359, 364 Lemuel 2 Shattuck Manuscripts ... 211 Shaw — Elisha . . . 586, 588, 764, 765 ElishaH. 376,377,766,767 E. Herman 768 John J. (Rev.) 709 Shaw, E. A Son 829 Shawsheen, Shawshin 223, 432, 470, 471. Shawsheen (Boston Trans- script) 721 Shawsheen River .... 74, 502 Shath. Daniel . . 356, 357, 363 Shays Rebellion 356 Sheafb (Capt.) 839 Shear, A. Lincoln (Rev.) . 715 Shedd, Shead, Shed — Amos 750 Ebenezer 256, 258, 277, 278, 344, 359, 362, 621, 719, 750. Elizabeth 529 Hannah 700 Jerusha J 751 John 529, 750, 763 John S 751 Jonathan 165, 257, 262, 272, 288, 344. Joseph 750 Lucy 451, 750 Lucy Parker 760 Lydia 749 Marcus 271 Mary 367, 749, 750 Mary B 750 Mary E 750 Mary Spaulding 751 Mary S 760 Noah 749 Samuel 750 Wm 162 William H...437, 603, 604, 767 Zachariah 92, 173, 176, 621, 700, 749. Zach. Mrs 787 Sheehan, John 46 Sheehan Place 807 Sheffield 187 Sheldon — Arthur H 766, 767, 824 George H 667 George T. . . . 588, 669, 667 Julia L 588 Samuel 175 Sarah E 588 Shelston, Robert 93 Shepard, Shepherd, Shea- PORD — Henry 270 Mary S 760 Thomas Mr 75 Sheply, Shepley, Shiple, Shiplie, Shipley — Ann 531 Ether 139 John, Jun. 60, 121, 134, 139, 512, 531, 532. John, Sen. 26, 37, 41, 43, 60, 121, 134, 139, 147, 512, 530, 531 617, 836. Lydia 531, 809 Nathaniel 631 Susannah -. 531 Sherborm, Sally 457 Sherburn, Mass 212 Sherburne, John G 666 Sherman — A. M. (Rev.) 686 John 4, 6, 9, 11 John (Senator) 4 Wm. T. (General) ... 4, 368 Sherwin, Elnathan 277, 278. 344. Shields, John 388 Ship, James 534 Shire Hall 834 Shirley, William (Governor) 159, 160, 164, 183. 454, 542. Shirley, Mass. 212, 261. 265, 267, 357, 621. Shirley's Commission .... 294 Short's Falls 509 Shrewsbury, Mass. 215, 217, 366, 441, 467, 799, 800. 814. "Shrewsbury, Old Times In" 356 SHURTLEFr, A. D. K. (Rev.) 686, 822. Shcte, Daniel 813 Shutesbury 261 Sibley, (Harvard Grad's.) 68, 70, 770. Sichibald, a. R. (Rev.) . . 707 SiLAWAY, SiLLAWAY, SiLO- Daniel 244, 257, 260. 288, 344. 354, 621. Reuben 260, 344 Silesia Worsted Mills, The 670, 671. 705. Silsby's Tavern 840 Silver — Abraham 271 Daniel 271 David 271 Edward H 669 Harvey 668. 764 James 271 Silver and Gay 594, 668, 670, 671. Silvester, Seth 176 SiMMES, SlM8, SyMMEB Andrew . . . 237, 776, 777 (Col.) 239 Eben. . . . 223, 224, 237, 298 Hannah 777 Hannah Bridge . . 776, 777 Samuel 360 Thomas 166 WiUiam 32 Simmes' Map of Westford 626 Simons, Simuonds, Symondb — David 673, 829 John 344 Joseph 92. 93 Josiah 360. 621 Simpson — Edward A 388 Jonathan 497 Reuben 402 SiNOLATER, Amos 93 SittTson, London 271 Skeenborough 261 Slafter's Memoir of John Checkley 692 Sleeper — J. F 829 James F 588 Small — Aaron 262, 353 D. Frank 602, 604, 768, 829 Everett P 688 George 606 Smart — J. F 372 Josiah T 388 Smedley — Bab(p)tis 3,8 John 2, 8 Smiley — Hiram F 388 Hudson F 375 William 260, 345 880 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Abba Miss 483 Alvina E 751 Benj 152, 153 Caleb L 767, 768 Charles Bent 751 Dorcas 751 Elbridge G 751 Epheriam 240 Fannie Warren . . 738, 751 Frank B 391 George H 369, 388, 588 Hezekiah 701 Hiram 561 Infant daughter of Edwin E. and Carrie A 751 Jesse 483, 704, 738, 749, 829 John 73, 260, 345 John Henry 738 John T 375 Joseph W 766 Joseph Warren 751 Kirby 368 Mary S. Bent 751 Mary Woodbury 738 Nathaniel 211 Paul 751 Rebecca 738 Mr. (Rev.) 792 Robert 388 Sarah A 751 Thomas 266, 268, 271, 353, 369. William 271, 353 William H 375 Smith Avenue 438 Smooth Meadow 634 Snake Meadow 634, 814 Snake Meadow Hill 7 Snow — George F. 44, 436, 437, 586, 707, 766, 767, 824. Henry 159 John 44, 46, 54, 553, 554, 757. Jonathan 152, 163, 177, 359, 445, 682, 827. Joshua . . . 165, 298, 621, 749 Levi 359 Parker 749 Sarah 749 Snydam, Thorn 293, 354 Society of Middlesex Hus- bandmen and Manu- facturers, The 464 Soldiers' Aid Society 368 SOLINDEN, John 93 Somerville 781, 803 Souhegan 124 South Boston 709 South Carolina Plain .... 633 South Chelmsford (See also South Village) 45, 47, 91, 92, 369, 370, 400, 434, 435, 436, 438, 441, 444, 446, 472, 510, 558, 560, 595, 597, 642, 653, 655, 670, 701, 720. South Chelmsford, First Baptist Church in . . . 706 South Chelmsford Ceme- tery 802 South Chelmsford Library 584 South Chelmsford Road 90, 372, 596. South Chelmsford School. 556 "South End" 45, 61, 555, 558 South End School 555 South Hadley 499 South Middlesex Registry 668 South Row 531 South Street 90, 398. 443, 563, 663, 672, 698, 770, 802 South Village 398, 672, 703, 705, 712, 821. SocTHACK, Francis 292 SODTHMA.YD, Mr. (Rcv.) . . 704 SowDER, George 93 Spain 138, 156, 196 Spaniards 581 SPA.BK8 — • Abiell 574 Deliverance 574 Henry 574 Martha . 573, 574, 575, 576 Spauldino, Spalden, Spaldin, Spoldin, Spalding, Spauldiq, Spaulden, Spauldin, Spauldtng, SpAVLDING, SPOtTLDING A 178 Aaron 361, 362 Abel 622 Abigail 748, 749, 750 Abigail (Johnson) Will- son 242 Abijah . . . 277, 457, 762, 763 Abraham A 750 AdeUneP 751 Alice Ward 751 Alpheus 562, 589, 683, 763, 764. Andrew 54, 60, 89, 90, 121, 134, 140, 242, 360, 361, 399, 411, 430, 512, 514, 517, 616, 748, 756, 758, 818. Anne 449 Anslow 408 Artemas 272, 345, 353 Asa 751 Asaph 750 Ashbel 294, 345, 353 Azariah 262, 268, 269, 347, 395, 682, 719, 749, 762, 763. B. J 766 Benj. 44, 59, 90, 135, 242, 244, 273, 276, 277, 278, 279, 283, 294, 345, 354, 448, 512, 582, 617, 622, 748, 761, 762. Betsey Ann 749 Charles G. (Rev.) 707 Clarifjsa 749 David 167, 168, 193, 195, 198, 199, 213, 238, 247, 345, 354, 559, 606, 608, 609, 699, 749, 759, 760, 761. David, Jr 355, 590 Dinah 242 Ebenezer 140, 366, 445, 581, 750. Edward 12, 13, 30, 37, 43, 60, 65, 90, 120, 121, 130, 135, 137, 140, 149, 164, 171, 231, 241, 242, 399, 401, 404, 413, 448, 449, 454, 512. 513, 517, 518, 530, 556, 580, 617, 624, 677, 701, 718, 748, 754, 755, 756, 757, 758. Edward, Jr 44, 836 Edward Everett. . . 565, 751 Elbridge 751 Elbridge P 751 Eliza 751 Elizabeth 449, 749 Elizabeth Adams 722 Elizabeth Colburn 241 Spaulding — (Ensign) 134 Ephraim 152, 179, 191, 192, 295, 361, 416, 478, 492, 520, 545, 546, 548, 570, 695, 742, 749, 750, 758, 759, 760, 787. Esther 749 Eunice 750 Fitz Henry 371, 389 Geo 240, 241 George E 604 George 589 Grace 242 H. M. Miss 287, 288, 492, 494. Hannah 701, 748 Hannah Elizabeth .... 750 Hannah Hall (or Hale) 140. 142, 241, 448. Hannah (Jefts) 140 Harry 448 Haskell 750 Henery 748, 749 Henry 140, 148, 149, 150, 151, 165, 167, 171, 298, 360, 361, 399, 454, 546, 570, 621, 701, 748, 749, 750, 759, 760, 786, 819, 836. Henry, Jr. 244, 345, 354, 360, 362, 701, 719, 622. Henry Mrs 786 Henry, 3d 763 Henry S 372, 389 Hesediah (Johnson) .... 231 Isaac W 750 Isaiah 163, 173, 448, 622, 749, 764, 791. Jacob 361, 751 Jacob, Jr 171 Jeptha 247, 257, 265, 267, 288, 345, 347, 354, 497. Jesse 287, 288, 345. 621, 749 Jethro 272 Joanah 748 Job 163. 164, 165, 171, 174, 448, 621, 696, 697, 700, 719, 750, 787, 788, 790. Job Mrs 787 Joel 252, 262, 347, 448, 497, 622, 720. John 37, 44, 60, 89, 134. 135, 140, 142, 148, 151, 152, 174, 187, 188, 231, 239, 241, 242, 244, 257, 265, 280, 288, 346, 360, 454, 457, 512, 529, 532, 557, 616, 622, 700, 703, 749, 750, 755, 757, 758, 788, 790, 814, 827, 836. John, Jr. . 512, 621, 701, 787 John, 3d 346, 354 Jonas 171, 172, 175, 187, 188, 189, 232, 256, 259, "- 288, 719, 750, 787, 827. Jonathan 150, 153, 172, 189, 401, 445, 545, 548, 621, 749, 751, 758, 759, 760, 788 Jona., Jun 401. 402 Joseph 44, 59, 65, 90, 121, 134, 171, 174, 226, 231, 232, 241, 242, 245, 266, 257, 259, 272, 288, 346, 346, 354, 355, 430, 449, 455, 512, 530, 617, 682, 719, 748, 750, 827. Joseph, Jr. 247, 256, 259, 346, 354. Josiah 150, 171. 621 INDEX OF NAMES 881 Spauu>imq — JuUa 449 Julia A 751 Julia A. P 751 Julia Ann ^^ Leonard o"^ I^vi 174, 175, 189, 361, 362 Lucia 748 Lucy ^' ^Lydia 696, 749. 751 •^Lydia A 751 Margaret 242, 448 Margaret (Barrett) 140 Mary .... 448, 748, 749, 750 Mary A 751 Mary A. Esty • • ■ • 751 Mathias 361, 395, 589. 802, 815. Micah 247, 346, 354, 516, N 457 Nabby 749 Nathaniel 760 Noah 242, 376, 449, 492. 541, 689, 749, 808. Olive 749 Oliver ... 156, 164, 165, 171 Peter 163, 164. 187, 558, 749 Phebe 748, 749 PhiUp 361, 453 Phineas 150 Polly H 750 Priscilla 449 Rachel 264, 749 Rebecca 809 Robert 212, 231, 272, 294, 347, 355, 475, 590, 749. Ruth 748 Samuel 146, 266, 268, 272, 345, 347, 359. 621, 701. Sarah 748, 750 Sarah (Fletcher) . . 242, 449 Sewall 749 Sherebiah 367. 399, 742, 760, 764 Sherebiah. Jr 399 Sibyl 748 SU^ 244, 347, 354 Simeon (Col.) 92, 171, 194, 195, 200, 207, 208, 209, 210, 220, 237, 241, 242, 254, 284, 290, 294, 347, 354, 395, 449, 454, 481, 591, 622, 719, 749, 759, 760, 761, 791, 802, 803, 813, 814. Simeon. Jr. 361, 483, 584, 750. Stephen 170, 421 Steven 277 Susanna 701 Thankful 749 Thomas 153, 353, 621, 700, 759, 786, 787. Thos. Mrs 787 Timothy .... 142, 150, 152 Varnum 457, 475, 750 Weld 750 WiUard 622 William 65, 152, 153, 262, 272, 294, 347, 348, 457, 622. Wm. M 458 Zach 152, 366 Zebulon 209, 213, 272, 347, 360, 361, 399, 599, 609, 621, 699, 760, 761. Zebulon, Jr 362, 621 Soaulding-Hazen Place 91, 398, 399, 642. Spaulding House, Lowell. 398 a_-..lj: "T :„V.» r'ov.ilrv" XI(\ Stevens- Spaulding "Light Cavalry" 376 Spalding's Hotel, S 441 8PARKE8, Henry. . . 93, 96, 579 Speen , James (Indian) . . . 519 Speen's Brook 481, 499, 519, 633. Speers, James 389 Spencer 187, 188, 363 Spokfokd, John T 408 Sponnaub, Joseph 102 Spooner, W 2.53 Spot Pond 500 Spbague, Sprage, Sprake, Spriou, Sprique — Benjamin . . . 257, 260, 348 C. R 372 Frank M. (Rev.) . 714, 715 John .... 243, 257, 288, 353 Jonathan . . . 245, 258. 355 Nicholas. . 171. 257, 288, 348 Nicholas, Jr 485 Phinias °4 Sprague's Annals .. . 711, 797 Spring — _„^ Alpheus (Rev.) 794 Mary 794 Springfield 82, 84, 85, 97, 184, 185, 261, 274, 283, 356, 363, 441, 596. Spring Meadow .... 634, 83b Spruce Swamp , 633 Squadron School district . . o60 Stacy, William 348 Stanhope Manufacturing Company 670 Staples— Frank ^, Peter H 375 Stark — Caleb 816 John (Colonel) 226 John ^ 288 Jonathan ^»» State Highway ■••.;• "P." State House (Boston) 4ol, 455, 510, 625, 673. State Library 62b State Prison o^' State Street 50b Stavelet, Henry bUo Stearns, Starns, Sterns— Asahel 485, 487, 583, 763, 807, 808. Edwin L 434 Elbridge ■ • 375 James F 12, 38, 435 John w.' :;;:::.:: 750,819 Jonathan 348 Joseph 664 Lucinda J '51 Saball •••• 93 William 257, 353 Stedman, Steadman — (Capt.) 224 George 93 Mary" ....... 695,. 696, 786 Stedman Street 38, 41, 42, 55, 435, 438, 525, 526, 527, 634. Stedman Tavern ... 840 SterUng 441, 808 Stetson — „„. „„„ George G 369, 389 Martha 588 Stevens — „^,„ Abel 3bb (Blacksmith) 448 (Capt.) ••• 793 Chas 157. 158 Cyprian 04 Daniel 164, 173, 175, 277, 622. David • 622 Deborah 427.622 Edward 750 Eleazer 164 Ephraim 622 Hannah 750 Henry 150. 157,521 Henry, Jr 161 Heury W 375, 389 J. E. 706 Jabez 751, 764, 765 Jabez Mrs 369 Jacob 622 Jesse 348, 361, 362 Joanna 750 John 43, 60, 89, 121, 128. 130, 178, 512, 516, 578, 616, 836. John, 3d 622 John E 402, 751 Jonathan 257, 288, 348, 622 Jonathan, 3d 622 T..ucy 749 Mary B 751 Nettie M 5»6 Peter • 62^ Phineas 157, 158 Rebecca 750 Richard |°*J Robert 622 Ruth 749 Sally 750 Sampson 361, 701 Samuel 164. 170, 199, 209, 214, 244, 281, 283, 348, 354, 355, 361, 362, 492, 622, 682, 719, 742, 749, 750, 759, 761, 763, 832. Samuel, Jr. 163, 195, 273. 622, 760. Silas 622 Suneon 6^^ Simon • • • ^ Solon W 49, 593 Stephen gi^ Surviah M 751 Widdou 134 Wm. J 751 Zach ■■• 152 Stevens Hill ■ 437, 633 Stevens Place, Wm. J. . . . 9/ Stevens Place, Old ^f Stevenson, John 1"° Stewart, Stuart — Francis W ^\ T H 370 Samuel ' 266, 268, 389 Stickelmibe— John J 718, 750 Lewis 457 Stickney- Abraham 271 Albert....: 564,565 Daniel \'i, ■Tonathan 496 William ^, 417 Stillings, Samuel W. Stillriver 804 Stillwater.' .■.■251.261, 263, 355 Stockbridge 697, 832 Stoddard — Anthony !^% Christian ••• 77d (Col.) Mrs 792, 839 Elizabeth 750 Elizabeth Bowdom ;«» Elizabeth Davis 77d 882 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Stoddard — James 299 Jemima White 775 John Vryling 750 Margaret 793 Margaret Halkerston or HarkersoD 773 Martha 773 Mary 787 Mary Downing 773 Samson 773 Samson (Col.) 188, 190, 191, 192, 202, 203, 205, 209. 210, 299, 401, 402. 414, 415, 545, 557, 570, 622, 676, 694, 759, 760, 774, 775, 777, 784, 785, 786, 787. 788, 789, 792, 793, 806, 837, 839. Samson, Jr. 209, 210, 277, 402, 558, 622, 774. 775. Samson (Rev.) 15. 67. 557. 677, 678. 699. 748. 773. Sarah 775, 777 Sarah Pitts 299 Susanna 773 Vyrling 277, 558 WilUam 299, 750 Stoddard Family 773 Stoddard Genealogy 775 Stoddard, New Hampshire 203, 452, 557. Stone — ElishaD 768 Eiekiel 174 Harrison Howard 751 Josiah 215 Micah 212 Simon 150 W. E 240 WillardD 751 "Stone House" 493 Stone's Tavern 840 Stoneham 211, 266, 268 "Stones for Building and Decoration" 674 Stony Brook 42, 44, 46, 50, 51. 52, 53, 54. 57, 91, 135, 436. 514, 531. 532. 540. 555, 631, 633, 635, 636, 638, 655, 656, 657, 658, 662, 665, 672. Stony Brook Branch 671 Stony Brook Bridge 54 Stony Brook Houses 554 "Stony Brook Path" 43 Stony Brook Pond . . .6, 7, 656 Stony Brook Railroad 510, 668, 671. Stony Brook Valley. . . 44, 554 Stony Brook Way 44 Stobrb, John 260, 353 Stodghton — Hannah 264 Israel 264 William 136. 264, 771 Stoughton 140, 650 Stow, Stoe, Stowe 208, 211, 218. 441. 477, 833. Stowe, H. B. Mrs 545 Stratton — Elizabeth 264 Jonathan . . . 278, 279, 621 Richard 413, 556. 748 Samuel 178 Street, Owen 643 Strong, Mary A 751 Strodt — Albert 751 Eliia T 751 Sudbury 85, 110. 116, 123, 140, 147, 211. 363. 557. 833. SoDDOCK. Josiah 158 Suffolk Camp 368 Suffolk County 205. 569. 777 Suffolk Resolves 203 Sullivan — Edward 375, 389 James 501, 502, 503, 505, 506, 624. Jerry 389 John (Gen.) 263 John L 608, 815, 816 Thomas 818 Sullivan Place 399 Summer Street 78 Summers, John 158 Sumner — Increase (Rev.) 800 Joseph 467 Thomas C 391 Sunders, James, Jr 171 "Suneanassitt". . 514, 638, 665 SuREEN, Samuel 178 Surry 261 Susbury (Shrewsbury, Vt.) 261 Sutton, Andrew 389 Swain — Asa M 666 Edwin 588 Swain's Machine Shop . . . 666 Swallow, Swalo, Swalow — Ambrose 45, 60. 89, 134, 617, 677. Benj 172 (Constable) 579, 580 John 148, 150 Jonathan 621 Sarah 700. 786 Swan — Charles Walter 651 Mr. (Rev.) 697 Samuel .501 Samuel, Jr 439. 506 Swan and JoUey (Sloop) . . 164 Swanzey 84, 261 SwAYNE, Josephine L. ... 218 Sweeney. Charles H 373 Sweet, John F 372 Sweetser — Charles 39, 458, 751 Charles D 751 E.Adams 751 Ervin W. . 602, 767, 768, 803 F 240 Herbert C. . . 602, 604, 664 Hosmer W 408 Juliet C 750 Lorenzo 370, 372 Mary Adams 751 S. Fred 751 Sweetser & Day 664 Swett — (Captain) 125 Edmund 764 Lake 249 WiUiam 665 William Mrs 588 Swift — H. P 664 John Mr. (Rev.) 787 Jonathan (Dean) 798 Swift & Blodgett 829 Syndicate Road 438 Synett, Francis W 391 1 Tadmuck 31, 40, 469, 631, 635. 638. Tadmuck. Farther 5, 631, 633 Tadmuck, Great 5. 45, 631. 633, 836. Tadmuck HUl 5, 44, 45, 633. 634. Tadmuck, Hither 5, 631, 633 Tadmuck, Little 5, 44, 45, 631, 633. Tadmuck Road 436 Tadmuck Swamp 4, 5, 434, 634 Tadmuck Swamp, Great. . 633 Tadmuck Swamp, Little . . 633 Taft, Richard 402 Tahotawarre 89 Taine's History of English Literature 458 Talbot, Talbott. Taijbert, Talbibd — George 140 Peter 134. 140, 612, 517 Tappen, John 680 Tarbell, Tarball, Thomas 94. 150. Tarrantines 81 Tay. or Fay. John J 390 Taylor, Talor, Talot — Abraham 270 (Col.) 532 Eldad 253 F. D. (Rev.) 707 John 253, 254, 257. 260, 348, 622. John, Jr 171, 288 Joshua 270 Kirby S 716 (Major) 146, 147 Samuel L 768 Thomas 622 "Tea Leaves" (Drake) ... 300 Teed, John 621 'Peel Almira M 782 Blaney 266, 288 Jonathan 265, 267 Temple, N. H 560 Templeton 126, 144, 261 Tennent. Gilbert (Rev.) . 698 Tenth Street 812 Terry, Thomas 158 Tewksbury, Tewkesbury, Tukesbury, Tuksbury, Tewksury 74, 135, 169, 212, 228, 249, 255, 256, 258, 259, 275, 286, 442, 474, 497, 546, 621, 622, 662, 704, 790, 809. 818. Texas, State of 368, 444 Texas (Westford) 633 Thatcher — (Col.) 213 Mr. (Rev.) 676 Thayer — Ebenr., Jr 254 Frederick F. (Rev.) ... 686 Homer E 370, 372 Thayer House, Homer 91, 398 Third Street 436 Thirlbey, W 160 Thissell — A. C 240 O. N 240 Thomas, James 370, 371 Thomaston, Maine . . 447, 661 Thompson, Tompson — Benjamin 419 (Col.) 792, 793 David 176 (Dr.) 804 Hiram 561 INDEX OF NAMES 883 Thompson — James 838 James (Rev.) 681 Luke 705 Mary 27 Mary E 751 Perry 400 Samuel 600. 503. 505 Simon 9, 11. 12. 13. 30, 85, 754. William 210 Thorkatt — Helen 817 Henry David 817 John 817 John, Jr 817 Scynthia 817 Sophia Eliiabeth 817 Thorndike — Abigail Chamberlin .... 752 Hezekiah 249, 257, 260, 284, 288, 348. 752. Thorndike Street 560 Three Friends 164 "Three Military Diaries" 176, 275, 292. Thurlow, George 373 Thdrston, "Father" 368 Thwinq (Col.) 230 Ticknor, CD 240 Ticonderoga 162, 186, 189, 220, 238, 241, 251, 260, 261, 292. 295, 355, 590. TiLKSTON, William 486 Tilton — J. H. (Rev.) 702 Peter 754 Philip 174 Tinker, John 83 Tinker's Island 83 Tipping, Leftenant 125 TrrcoMB — (Col.) 795 Luther C 370 Tobacco Meadow 634 ToHATOwoN, John 33 Toledo. Ohio 563 ToLMAN, Richard 765 Tom (Capt.) 129, 833 Toner, John, Jr 389 Toothaker — Charles 805 EH»a (Perry) 805 Mary 572 Roger 287 ToRNER, William (Capt.) . 124 Torret — C. C. (Rev.) 715 Isaac 175 John T 816 William 31, 122 Toussaint, I'Ouverture . . . 568 Tower, Eli 632 Town, Jonathan 175 Town Farm 397, 435, 439, 599, 626. Town Hall 434, 585, 587, 593, 714, 715, 823, 824. Town Road 660, 812 "Town Way to the Mill". 443 Townsend 166, 212, 261. 357. 442. 474. Tot (Capt.) 238 Train. Traink — Charles R 591 Joshua 168 Thomas 92. 93 Training School Band .... 469 Transcript of Town Records (See Ist Chapter) 526. 633 "Travels in New England and New York" (Dwight) 815. Trawhobn — Charles 167, 168 Grigivire 167 Joseph 167 Margaret 167 Mary 167 Maudlin 167 Tithorne 167 Treadwell, Samuel .... 176 Treveltan (Sir George Otto) 828 Trinity College, Dublin . 711 Trubey, Alfred, House of . 471 Trvll — Albert J 766 George W 766 John 809 Trdmbull, John 230 Tryder, George H 713 Tdck, William 588 Tuck & Reed 506 Tucker — Jer 366 John (Dr.) 402. 444. 784, 838 Jonathan Mrs 799 Joshua Foster (Rev.) . . . 715 Tufts — Edward Mrs 714 Samuel, Jr 506 Turkey Falls 509 Turner's Falls 499 Turnpike (Old) 438, 598 Turnpike Road 435 TuTTLE, Nathaniel 349 Twiss, Twist — Daniel 272, 349 J. J. (Rev.) . 686, 686, 797 James 366, 752 John 244, 349. 354, 622 Nancy 762 Samuel 257, 265, 267, 288, 349. Tyler, Tylor — (Col.) 792 Joe 422 Jonathan 402 Joseph 245, 262, 349, 354, 499 622. Nathan 443, 475, 485, 486, 497. Nathan, Jr 476 Otis 476 Royal 839 Silas 422, 479 T. H 673 Tyler Farm 488 Tyler House 479 Tyler's Store 441 Tyno, Ting — Dudley Atkins 499, 683 Edward 33, 86, 157 Blearer 47, 142, 144, 151, 152, 153, 163, 170, 171, 172, 173, 179, 239, 240, 481. James 622 John 144, 469, 481, 678, 813, 839. John (Judge) 142, 299 John Alford 142, 172, 469, 472, 790. Jonathan 5, 83, 86, 91, 126, 136, 141, 142, 144, 145, 149. 477, 478, 512, 513, 515, 539. 611. 773, 784, 787, 788, 811. Lucia 718, 751 Ttng— Lucy (Clarke) . . l42, 143. 144 Mary 299 Mr 124, 430 •Sarah 732 Sarah (Usher) 142 William 86, 139, 140. 142 143, 144, 145. 148, 149, 718, 756, 773. Tyng's Farm 42, 91 Tyng's Garrison 119, 133 Tyng's Island 82, 83, 508, 509, 535, 638. Tyng's Pond 786 Tyngsboro, Tyngsborough 42, 48, 57, 73, 86. 91, 139, 140, 142, 299, 439, 469, 470, 471, 472, 478, 506, 508, 634, 637, 649. 671, 688, 701, 702, 704, 815. Tyngsborough, Baptist Church of 706 Tyngsborough Line . . 437, 438 Tyngstown, N. H 141, 143 Tyringham 363 Tyrrell, Samuel 389 Uncas 102 Underwood — Jonathan 353 Joseph 160, 477, 558, 680, 678, 757. Phinehas 272, 294, 349 Priscilla 44 Samuel 44, 136 Sara 26 WiUiam 11, 12, 20, 30, 37, 42, 43, 44, 47, 60, 89, 109, 121, 122, 134, 512, 526, 530. 532, 617, 754, 756. Union Parish 686, 686 Union Street 597 Unitarian Church 434, 590, 651, 823. Unitarian Society 804 Unitarian Vestry 458 United States . . . 463, 568, 669 United States Bank. . 506, 660 United States Census .... 627 United States Congress . . 663 United States, Direct Tax of 1798 628 United States Geological Survey 643, 646 United States Government 670 United States Worsted Com- pany 670, 671 University Hall, Cambridge 674 Upham — Clement 752 Clement Mrs 369 E. A. Mrs 369 Elmira W 762 Geo. H 762 Luther C 240 Upton — Abiel 271 Jabez 175 Upton 223 Usher. John 133. 153 Utrecht, Peace of 624 Utrecht, Treaty of 138 Valley Forge 365 Van Scot, Louisa Clark . . 762 Varney, Fred E. (Dr.) 597, 604, 805. 884 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Vaknum, Varnham, Vabnam — A. C 507, 533 Atkinson C 765 Benjamin 497 Bradley 475, 497 Edna 457 James 362, 457, 497 Jeremiah 457 Jonathan 497 Joseph 152, 156 Joseph Bradley (Capt.) 272, 285, 294, 362, 497. Justice Mr 273 Lucretia 457 Nehem 164 Parker . . 366, 457, 497, 583 Parker, Jr 457 Samuel 60, 90, 113, 122, 131, 133, 135, 410, 411, 431, 432, 531, 535, 536, 538, 616. Varro 592 Vabsall (Major) 789 Vause, John T 389 Veazie, Samuel 681 Venezuela 669 Vermont 449, 452, 453, 484, 501, 502. Vernon, Edward (Admiral) 156 Vesper Country Club 508 ViALLO, John 412, 534 Village Improvement Asso- ciation 459, 587, 594, 820, 832. ViNAL Fred 1 605 George A. W 373 Vincent — J. H. (Rev.) 705 J. N. (Rev.) 715 Vine Brook 633 Virgin — Ebenr 152, 153 Samuel H 707 Virginia 368, 465, 571, 613 Virginia Meadows . . . 633, 811 VOSB — George L 502 James 288 Vhylinq, Margaret 774 Wachusett (Mountain) 630, 646, 814. Wadell, John 60, 618 Wadsworth (Capt.) 85 Waite, Wait, Watt — Eleutheria 809 John 122 Susan L 745 Wake (Archbishop) 797 Wakefield, Ebenezer 260, 349 Walcott, Charles H 203 Waldo, Waldoe, Waldow, Walldow — Cornelius 19, 26, 39, 60, 90, 95, 128, 404, 512, 517, 630, 552, 611, 612, 613, 417, 752, 755, 756, 811, 829 Daniel 52, 53, 134, 399 John. . 94, 95, 115, 399, 536 Jona 157 Mr 430 Rebecca 95 Rebecca (Adams) 399 Susanna (Adams) 399 Waldo Genealogy 613 Waldo's Mill 665 Waldron, Walden, Rich- ard (Major) 99, 120, 126, 129, 130, 539. Walker — „,„ Abbott 248 Abial 248, 809 Abiel (Abbott) 809 Benjamin (Capt.) 193, 195, 198, 200, 201, 207, 231, 233, 234, 236, 237, 247, 248, 249, 286, 292, 349, 354, 355, 361, 550, 570, 590, 622, 679, 713, 809. Dai-id 247, 248, 249. 273, 274, 277, 278, 279, 349, 354, 360, 809. Eliakim 249, 809 Ephraim 248, 809 Ephraim, Jr 809 Ezekiel 809 Hannah 809 Hannah (Frost) 809 J. Winfield (Rev.) 707 James (Rev.) 707 Joanna (Ditson) 809 John .... 135, 153, 430, 531 John Wesley (Rev.) ... 707 Joseph 172, 248, 809 Melvin 604 Moses 157, 158 Mrs. (Benjamin) 237 Reuben 160 Rhoda 248, 809 Richard 808 Sampson 550, 809 Samuel 809 Susanna 809 Susanna (Baldwin) 809 Thankful (Pierce) . . 550, 809 William 809 Zacheus 809 Wallace — Cranmore 563 O. C. S. (Rev.) 706 William 391 Walnut HiU 633 Walpole, New Hampshire 261, 803. Walsh, John 389 Waltham . . 211, 486, 794, 826 Walton — Isaac 175 John 211 Wamesit Wamaset, Wamas- sett, Wamassick, Wame- set, Wamesick, Wemiset, Weymesit, Waymesitt 4, 6, 7, 33, 34, 41, 74, 75, 78, 79, 80, 81, 83, 93, 98, 102, 104, 105, 106, 113, 116, 123, 126, 145, 154, 468, 469, 471, 473, 511, 512, 514, 518, 522, 523, 525, 538, 540, 541, 611, 638, 786, 832, 833. Wamesit Falls 75, 78, 486, 516, 517, 635. "Wamesit Field" 516 Wamesit Indians 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 105, 109, 110. 113, 125, 393, 433, 513, 514, 522, 524, 538, 629, 833. Wamesit Land or Lands 516, 529. Wamesit Meadow or Meadows 519, 520, 521, 634. Wamesit Meeting House Hill 519. 633 Wamesit Neck 474, 515, 530 Wamesit Praying Indians . 99 Wamesit Proprietors' Re- cords 541 Wamesit Purchase 474, 481. 511. 512, 513, 514, 517, 522, 523, 540. 541, 542, 632. Wamesit Purchase, The Names of the First Proprietors of 517 Wamesit Stake 7, 523 Wampampeag (Indian shell money) 407 Wampannooun 33 Wampanoags 84 Wamsdtta (Alexander) ... 84 Wannalancet, Wanalan- SET, WaNALAUNSET, WONOLANSET, EvANA- LAN8ET 30, 77, 79, 81. 82, 83, 96, 100, 101. 104, 106, 107, 119, 120, 124, 125, 126, 127, 614. 535. 538. Wannalancet, Death of . . 136 Wannipposokick 75, 107 War, Board of 214 War, CivU (The RebeUion) 368, 565. War Department, Wash- ington, D. C 550 War, Mexican 367 War of 1812 367, 376, 506 War of the Revolution (See Revolution) . War with Spain 367 Ward — Anthony 708 Artemas (Gen.) 215, 217, 225, 246, 356, 366. 467. Elizabeth 356 Lafayette 713 Nellies 458 Patrick 708 Patrick S 603, 605 Willie CUfford 753 Ward 364 Ward Place, John 436 Ward's Corner 438 Ware — H. E 692 Joseph 391 Warlet, John 588 "Warning out in N. E." (Benton) 579 Warren, Waben. Waring — AmosC 753 Anna 752 Arthur 40, 55 Arthur M. . . . 589, 598, 603 Augustus 389 Benjamin 170, 183, 244, 254, 350, 622, 761, 787. Charles Everett 752 (Commodore) 157 Daniel Emerson 752 (Deacon) 556 E. H. Mrs 234, 458 Edwin H. 238. 240, 458, 459, 460, 464, 539, 564, 584. 588. 589. 594, 598, 601, 686, 716, 753, 765, 766, 767, 821. Ephraim 168, 753 Esther Carlton 753 Etta A 753 Ezra 300 Frances 588 George Manning 752 Isaac 165, 171, 174, 183, 215, 239, 360, 621, 752. J. E. Mrs 611 Jacob 40, 45, 46, 60, 65, 89, 135, 404, 578, 617, 755. INDEX OF NAMES 885 Warren — Jacob, Jr 135 James 210, 213, 236 Jeduthan 260, 262, 350, 352 Jeremiah .360, 361, 362, 752 Joanna 752 John 164, 165, 166, 169, 175, 759 John,'jr 171. 173 John C 562 Joseph 563, 753 Joseph (Capt.) 209, 213, 220, 238, 283, 294, 298, 350, 355, 545, 547, 609, 621, 699, 752, 760, 761. Joseph (Deacon) 39, 86, 150, 398, 431, 539, 752, 758, Joseph (General) 216, 231, 246 252 291 Joseph (Lieut.) 238, 281, 483, 682, 752, 762. Joseph, Jr. ... 584 589, 753 Joseph E. 38, 39, 47, 459, 539, 586, 589, 593, 686, 767, 824. Julia Elizabeth 753 M. A .599 Martha C 753 Martha Carlton 753 Mary Ann 300 Mary Spalding 753 Miriam 706, 753 Nathan Carleton 753 Rachel 752, 753 Rebecca Spalding 738 Ruth 539 S. D 582 Saml 157 Sarah 752 Sybil 752 Thomas 212 Warren Avenue 90, 435, 440, 598, 663. Warren Homestead 398 Warren, Joseph, House . . 47 Warren, Massachusetts (See Western) 154, 518 Warren Street 486 Warren's Grove 435 Warwick Neck 268, 269 Warwickshire, England . . 629 Washer, Elizabeth 753 Washington, George (Gen- eral and President) 199, 235, 239, 251, 281, 295, 300, 795, 815. Washington, Mass 261 Washington Street 412, 437, 534, 840. Watatio 646 Waterford, Maine 804 Waterhouse, Mrs 788 Waterloo, Battle of 398 Waterman, Mr 784 Waters — Mr. (Rev.) 239, 792 Wilson (Rev.) 459, 586, 603, 713, 715, 720, 820, 822, 824. Watertown 4, 9, 123, 142, 211, 216, 224, 225, 232, 244, 253, 254, 290, 532. Wathbn, Charles B. (Rev.) 716 Watson — Harriet L 752 Hiram P 391 Walters 767 William P 752 Wattill, John 121 Watts' Hymns 683 Weatherby, John 350 Weathersfield 261, 272 Webb, John (alias Evered) 41, 82, 83, 375, 412, 420, 495, 533, 534, 535, 754, 810, 832, 836. Webb's Ferry, John 812 Webber, Weber — Alden S 391 Asa H 240 Frederick W. (Rev.) ... 686 John 353 Mertie 752 Thomas 360 William H 389 Webster — Angie M 753 Daniel 504 E. F 402 E. F. Mrs 369 Eli F. 686, 753, 764, 765 H. Georgie 753 James 174 Louisa A 753 (Professor) 564 Roxanna 753 Stephen 408 "Week on the Concord and Merrimack (Thoreau) 817 Weir's De Praestigiis Dae- monum 571 Weittaquatinnusk, Sarah 833 Welch, Welsh — Daniel 353 James 375 John 93, 249, 389 Patrick 391 Weld — Thomas 414, 553 Thomas (Rev.) ... 131, 553 Wellington, Alice J. ... 585 Wellington, Duke of 489 Wells, G. R. M. (Rev.) . . 702 Welstead, Wm 777 Wendall — (Col.) 839 Jacob 788, 790 Wenham 9, 10, 11, 15, 17, 22, 23, 26, 39, 40, 73, 85, 174, 531, 717, 769. Wenmore, Thomas 93 Wentworth — Frederick M 752 LydiaE 752 Moses C 389 Wepocositt, Wibecusit 101, 109, 825. Wesley — John (Rev.) 697 Charles (Rev.) 697 Wesson (Lieut.) 188 West Boylston 441 West Chelmsford 50, 367, 376, 4,36, 437, 438, 451, 510, 556, 595, 601, 658, 671, 672, 673, 707, 720. (See West Village.) West Chelmsford Ceme- tery 373, 720 West Chelmsford Union Church 707 West Congregational So- ciety of Dracut 682 West Edward 389 "West End". . 39, 45, 134, 135 West Indies 85, 156, 157, 564, 568. West Newbury 485 West Pine Street 559, 560 West Point 228, 274 West Village . . . 588, 805, 821 Western 154, 363 Western Society of Middle- sex Husbandmen, The 464 Westford, Wesford, Wex- ford 4, 5, 7, 29. 30, 43, 44, 46, 58. 142, 144. 164, 166, 176, 178, 212, 218, 219, 221, 238, 261, 264, 265, 266, 267. 268, 272, 278, 357, 376, 377, 392, 393. 4l8, 435. 436. 447, 464. . 468, 469, 472, 473, 474, 477, 495, 506, 524, 531, 552. 558. 619. 021. 622. 626. 631, 633. 634. 635 638. 644, 648, 649, 650. 655, 656, 657. 659. 672. 681. 694. 695, 699, 700, 701, 703, 708. 709, 804, 814. Westford Academy. . . 804, 808 Westford Corner 44, 60, 436, 672. Westford Depot 554 Westford Granite 643 Westford Hill 5 Westford, History of 433, 632, 699, 700. Westford Line 434, 4.35, 436, 437, 438, 634. Westford Road 8. 12, 43, 434, 435, 436, 439, 452. Westford Square 435 Westford Street 42, 396, 438, 440, 470, 525, 526, 527, 528, 649. West Greenwich, Conn. . . . 212 Westlands 435, 440, 663 Westminster 261 Westmoreland 261 Weston 211 Weston, Samuel .... 500. 503 Wethered's Tavern 840 Wetmobe. J. C. 664, 666, 713 Weymouth HO Whall, William, 3d 408 Wheeler, Wheleb — James 279, 280 Jefferson 408 Jonathan B 752 Joseph 616 (Lieut.) 42 Otis P 586, 588, 603 Rhoda 762 Ruth 86 Thomas (Capt.) 82, 86, 94, 95, 110, 115, 118, 533, 536 William M 367 Wheelock — Jonathan 350 Mary A. P 300 Wheelwright, Mr 839 Whelan, Wheland — Francis A 391 Philip 389. 819 Whidden. George W 588 Whipple — Joseph 656 Oliver M 407. 486, 563 Whipple, Hale and Tile- stone 818 Whipple House 398 Whipple's Mills 486 Whitchek, Charles F. . . . 390 Whitcomb, Whetcomb — John 253 Josiah 477 White — B 253. 264 Charles E 391 Ebenezer 211 J. H 594 886 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD White — Jemima '75 John 792, 812 Mark 701 Mary 701 Mary, 2d 701 William 839 White Horse Tavern .... 442 White Mountains 630, 646, 671 White Plains, N. Y. 271, 274, 355, 548, 590, 828. White's Ferry 812 Whitbfield, George (Rev.) 696, 697, 698, 700, 779, 785 Whitfield, W 240 Whiting — Amos 510 EUzabeth 70 Phineas 175, 252. 407, 475, 485, 486, 487, 561, 581, 682, 829. Samuel 70, 351 William 351 Whitlock. Rose 246 Whitman — Bernard 593 George H 766 Whitnkt — Amos 485, 762, 763 James F 753 Jonas 260 Josiah 268, 269, 476 OUver, Jr 497 Salmon 265, 267 Samuel 260, 353 Whittakbr, Jno. . . . 135, 531 Whittemobe, Whitemore — Benja 270 BerniceC 753 F. J 663 Gideon 752 Jos 152 Pellitiah 171, 175 WiUiam, Jr 439 Whittemore Farm 448 Whittier — John Greenleaf 641 John H 390 Whitworth (Doctor) . . . 233 Wianenset (Indian) .... 83 WiBBKR, Amy 284 Wicassee, Wickisuck, Wico- suche, Wekesoak, Weik- eset Falls . . 486, 508, 509 Wicassee Island 82, 83, 101, 508, 511, 535. Wicassee Lock and Canal. 508 Wicasset, Maine 795, 797, 798, 799. Wickasauke Works 667 Widford, County of Hert- ford, England 834 WiER, Wyer — Ester (Kidder) 814 Jeremiah 351, 352, 354, .360, 814. WiQoiNS. J. E. (Rev.) ... 702 Wiqhtman. H. W. B. 373, 588, 591, 666, 765. Wigwam Swamp 633 Wilder, Rebecca 752 Wilderness, Rattle of the. . 819 Wildes and Hosmer's 441 Wiles, Wildes, Ivory 265, 267 WiLKEH, John 799 WiLKEY or WiLKINO, Henry 391 WiLKiNH, Orrin 483 WiLKi.seoN, Thorn 122 WiLLARD Aaron 178 Elijah 64 Ehzabeth 473 J 156, 159 John 366, 572 Joseph 794 Josiah 159, 160, 161 (Rev.) 676 Simon 4, 6, 13, 75, 82, 84. 94, 97, 100, 101, 103, 105, 108, 110. 111. 112, 116, 123, 149. 473, 536. WiLLEY. Sarah 142 William, King 127, 138, 207, .575, 612, 613. WiUiam. King III 412 William and Mary, Char- ter of 771 Williams — Benjamin 260, 351 C. W. (Rev.) 702, 822 Dorothy 793 Everett C 377 J. F 204 Jacob 260, 351 John 153, 171, 390 Jonathan .... 204, 783. 792 Joseph ...183. 184, 185, 187 Josiah 266, 268 Seth 669 Simeon 265, 267 Williams, Bird & Co. 601. 659 Williamsburg 261, 650 Willis — J. H 240 Zachariah 351. 355 WiLLOUGHBY, Blanch S. . 753 WiLLSTEBD, Charles 588 Wilmington 211, 442, 490, 500, 502, 506, 840. Wilson, Willson — Abigail ^5 Abigail (Johnson) 242 Charles B 390 Ephraim 351. 352 George B 390 Hannah 453. 529 Horace W 376. 377 John 152 John H 408. 841 Joseph 158. 257, 287. 288. 352 Leonard 257, 289, 352, 621 Moses C 594, 753 Moses C, Jr 408 Samuel 256, 257, 258. 272. 352, 355, 621. Samuel, Jr 294 Simeon 366 Stephen 361 Supply C 829 William T 373 Woodrow 190. 828 Wilson Block 402 Wilson Cottages 435 Wilson Street 435 Wilton, Maine 139 Wiltshire, England. . . 246, 535 Winch, Francis 408 Winchester, Benj. . 266, 268 Windsor 126, 634 Windsor. Vermont . . 501, o02 Winn, Wynn — Edw 152 Eliza F 714, 770 George P 714 Joseph 91. 701 Mary Bridge 780 Mary J 714 Winn— Saml 152 The Misses 369, 714 Timothy 780 Winn House 569 Winnepesaukee Lake . 75, 107 Winning, Wining — John 257.288,353 Walter R 767 WiNSHIP Abel 249 Marcus H 829 WiUiam 266, 268 WiNSLOW John (Col.) 165,543 John 162, 782, 839 Sarah Tyng 782 Winslow's Journal, Massa- chusetts Historical Col- lection 543 Winsor 156 Winter HiU 293 "Wintersnight Tale, A" . . 448 Winthbop — Deane 74 John (Gov.) 15, 74, 84, 514 J 254 James 506, 792 Margaret 74, 514 Waite (Major) 128 Winthrop Farm 474. 623 Winthrop Meadow 514 WiswALL, John 31 WiTE, WiUiam 390 Wkqueakussennum , Thomas 833 Woourn, Woborn, Wooborn. Wooburne.Ooburne 1.3,4, 9, 11, 27,35,39.45.73.74. 75. 85. 95. 114, 117, 118, 142, 143, 182, 183, 184. ?10, 211, 215, 238, 246, ?48, 283, 432, 442, 473. .500 .502, 503. 505, 506, 532 .541, 562, 579, 638. 675, 677, 688, 780, 802. 809, 840. Woburn Precinct 222 Wolfe, James (Genl.) .... 201 Wood — „„„ Abijah 260 Betsey '99 EUakim 497 George S 664 Samuel 457. 705. 720 Samuel F 475,479.589 Sarah 45T Simeon 171 Solomon 260. 352 Stephen 172 Susan '5r Will, Senr 121 WilUam F 373 Wood HaU 705 Wood Street 42, 397, 437. 479, 537, 547, 813. Woodhead — WiU 616 WiUiam 60, 89 Woodman — Miles 390 WiUiam 391 WOODia, WOODYS — (Brigadier) 792 Henry (Capt.) 94. 110, 755 Samuel 354 Wooob, Henry 669 INDEX OF NAMES 887 Woodward, Woodard — Daniel 93 Heman 753 Horace W 588 Jonathan 260, 262, 353 Ruth 753 Watson 829 WOBCESTER George 764 Mr. (Rev.) 788 Osgood 475, 492, 493 Worcester Academy 804 Worcester and Chelmsford Stage 441 Worcester County 179, 362, 364, 474. 651, 792. Worcester, Mass. 84, 85, 179. 229, 356, 363, 364, 441, 780, 788, 792. 826. Worden — Charles Mrs 588 George 471 "World's Turned Upside Down, The" 300 WORTHEN E«ra 486, 488 Misa 458 Moses P 752 Worthen House 396 Worthen Street 12, 38, 299. 396. 397. 435. Worthen Street Church ... 706 WORTHINQTON. W. A. (Rev.) 702 WOIENCROFT, WOSEN- CROFT, John ... 396, 663 Wran. Nirah 175 Wren (Sir Christopher) . . 689 Wrentham 85 Wright — Alex 457 Calvin T 753 Clarence Flanders 753 (Col.) 426 E C . 598 EbeneieV 46,' 134.' I'si," 531. 553. 554. 558. Eliza A 753 George M 598. 663 GUbert 802 Henry 152 Jefferson 372 Joel B 753, 763 John 41,43, 59, 89. 121, 134. 153, 257, 289, 430. 512. 530, 531, 532, 554. 616. 755. 757, 836. Jno. Mrs 552 Jonathan 152, 370, 371, 375, 390, 763. Joseph 134, 531, 554 Josiah 152, 265, 267 Justice 364 Louise P 752 Marthah 753 Nabby (AbigaU) 752 Nathaniel 475, 487. 489, 562. 669. 763. 808. Oliver 171, 173, 175 Otis D 588 S. T 829 Samuel T. 587, 588, 765, 766 Wrioht — Sarah 753 Silas 174 Thomas 266, 268 Wm 174. 175 Zacheus (Capt.) 200, 212, 238, 272, 285, 621, 699. Zacheus 752 Wright Street 437 WuTTAANNOH, Sam 833 Wt.*.tt, George 93 Wyman — Eliphaz 176 Seth (Ensign) 154 Jeffries (Prof.) 563, 564 Mathew 158 MorriU (Dr.) 563 Rufus (Dr.) 563. 763. 802, 803 Wymondham, Norfolk County, England ... 794 Wtthe, John 807 Yale Herbarium 651 Yellow Tavern House, Old 422, 485. (Old YeUow House) . . 485 York 795 Yorkshire, England 569 Yorktown, Va 300 YOUNQ L. A 595 Sally Ann 752 Samuel E.C 761 "Zadmuck," (Tadmuck) . . 489 INDEX OF TOPICS Abatement 122, 283, 700, 810, 815. Academy at Andover 799 Academy at Augusta. Me. 799 Academy at Bridgeton, Me. 804 Academy at Chelmsford . 564, 566, 567. Academy at Groton 804 Academy at Westford 804, 815 Academy at Wiacasset 797, 808 Acadians 167fF, 813, 826, 827 Accoutrement of Soldiers 87, 88, 219, 265. Acreage 626 Address to Church 24 Agricultural Societies 463 Agriculture 418, 449. 450, 463, 663. Alarm Lists 244, 247 Alarm Lists, Equipment for 200, 255 Amusements 459, 479 Amusements, Lack of . . . . 464 Amusing Incidents . 97ff, 427 Anecdotes 395, 427 Apparel 405 Apples 420 Apprentices 415 Armor-bearer 784 Armor Used in Indian Wars 657 Assistants, Court of. . 574, 830 Bake and Brew 8, 417, 420, 451 Ballot-box Stuffed 406 Baptists 681, 693, 697, 699, 700flf. Barn and House Moving 542, 787. Barn and House Raising 542, 787. Beans and Brownbread 418, 451. Bears 426 Beer 406, 419, 420 Bees 451 Beginning, The 1 Bells .48, 679, 680, 681, 685, 687, 688. Benefit of Clergy 571 Bible in Public Worship, Reading of 239, 679, 771, 788, 789, 790. Bills of Credit 622 Birds 452. 453 Blackbirds 431 Blacksmiths 2.56, 348, 352, 396, 415, 579, 656, 6.'>7, 663, 693, 704. 776, 790, 793, 811, 814. Blood Farms, The 7, 473 Bog Ore 51, 649, 656, 657, 818 Bond for Soldiers' Pay .... 279 Borrowing of Private Individuals 419, 599 Boston, French Prisoners in 839 Boston, Letters from 233, 364, 676. Boston Massacre 193 Boston People in Chelms- ford 207. 298 Boston, Port of, Closed. . . 193 Boston Prison 233, 413, 574, 576, 839. "Boston Tea Party" . 193, 299 Botany 643, 651 Bounds, Town 4, 5, 6, 7. 29, 33, 34, 468£f, 577, 634. Bounties . . . 214, 275, 284, 295 Bounties for Scalps and Indians (See Scalps) . . 432 Bounties, Men not on Rolls Who Received 354 Bows and Arrows . . . 88, 216 Boy Scouts 459 Bridges 494ff Brooks 633, 635 Buckles 547 Bullets, Running 281 Bunker Hill, Battle of 225, 550, 843. Bunker Hill Centennial . . 240ff Bunker Hill, Chelmsford Men at 248, 355 Bunker Hill, First Shot at 231 Bunker Hill, Losses at. . . . 233 Bunker Hill, Significance of 241 Bunker Hill, Things Lost at 232, 323, 844 Burgoyne, Surrender of. . 238, 263, 291. Burning of Houses ... 113, 394 Burying Cloth 676 Burying Grounds 716, 842. Canals 499ff Candle Moulds 783 Candle Wood 403 Cannon at North Village . . 595 Carriage Manufactory .... 633 Carting 444fi Cartridge Boxes 248, 288, 289 Catechism 23, 405, 692, 798, 800 Catechizing ... 18, 25, 26, 405 Cattle 422, 423, 424, 444, 527 Cattle, Herding of 54ff Cattle, Horned, to Soldiers 214. 295. Causeway 519, 812 Cemeteries (See Burying Grounds.) Centre Village (See Index of Names.) Certificate of Disability . . . 289 Chaises, Chairs 392, 619, 783, 791, 839, 840. Changes in the Town 465, 473 Charles I, Charter of 72 Charles I, Death of 825 Charles II, Accession of. . 64 Charter. . 64, 127, 128, 201, 811 Charter of 1629 72 Charter of 1692 201, 207 Chelmsford Declares Satis- faction in Present Government 64, 127, 128, 810. Chelmsford, Description of 392, 634. Chelmsford Incorporation 13, 75. Chelmsford, Losses at 121, 122, 826. Chelmsford, Occupations in 674 Chelmsford, Origin of Name 14, 833, 834. Chelmsford, Part of. Burned 85 110, 113, 538, 826. Chelmsford, Settlement of 1, 7, 8, 75, 392, 524. Chelmsford, Spelling of Name 638 Chelmsford Farms, Relief of 131, 474 Chelmsfordite 661 Children Taken by Indians 131, 531, 814. Chimney Sweeps 595 Cherokee Steers 444 Christening Bason ...... 681 Christmas, Law Forbidding Celebration of . . 406, 406 Church, Additional Mem- bers 2efr Church, Gathering of ... . 9ff Church and State 697 Church and Town, Separa- tion of : 683 Churches 676 Chyrurgeon 105, 114, 139, 291 Cider 395, 417, 418, 420 Cider at Ordination 681 Cider MiUs 417, 418, 420, 460, 452 Civil List 754 Classical School 563, 564 Clav 637 Clergy, Influence of . 15, 202 Clock. Village, Chelmsford Centre 594 Clocks 403 Clubs in Meeting House 61, 88 Cofifee 420 Colonies, Confederation of 579, 811. Colors, Putting out the. . . 409 Commissions and Appoint- ments, Military, of John Butterfield ... 153 Commissions and Appoint- ments, Military, of John Ford.. 252, 253, 254 Commissions and Appoint- ments, Military, of Joseph Parker ...... 151 Commissions and Appoint- ments, Military, of Moses Parker ....... 230 Commissions and Appoint- ments, Military, of Jonathan Spauldinp . 172 Commissions and Appoint- ments, Military 85, 86, 127, 128, 130, 228, 294, 362, 367, 432, 454. INDEX OF TOPICS 889 Committee of Correspond- ence 195. 197, 198. 199, 203, 205. 208, 209, 213, 214, 215, 281, 607, 827. Committee of Correspond- ence, Definition of . . . 827 Committee of Inspection 200, 207, 209. 215. Committee of Safety 1. 28, 191, 209, 216, 217, 222, 827. Common Land .... 49, 54. 55 Common Land, Division of 49. 811. Common Land, Fencing of 54 Concord Fight 216. 828 Concord Fight, Chelmsford Men at 354 Confederation of Colonies 579, 811. Connecticut, Migration to . 64 Constables and Assessors, Vote to Defend 207 Constitution 213, 214, 215. 239, 693. 793. Contributions for Army 293, 368. Controversies, Religious 15, 455, 685, 690, 694, 771. Convention at Concord .. . 215 Coopers 164, 256, 445, 814 Cordwainers 164, 165, 255, 256, 309, 529. Corn Mills (See Gri.st MiUs.) Correspondence, Commit- tee of (See Committee.) Cotton Mills 485, 4S6, 489, 490, 491. Council for Safety 128 Counterfeit Money 215 Court, Great and General . 830 Court of Assistants. . 574, 830 Court, Supreme, of Judica- ture 574, 830 Courts, Indian 78, 832 Covenant 27. 691 Covenant, Halfway 691 Crane 595 Crows 431flf Curfew 681 Currency (See Money.) Dancing . . .456, 457, 458, 479 Dark Dav 641 Deaf, School for the 582 Death of Chelmsford Men in the Civil War 819 Death of Chelmsford Men in the Province Wars . 189 Death of Chelmsford Men in the Revolution .... 355 Death of Wannalancit .... 136 Declaration of Independ- ence 209, 238 Deer Reeves 423, 812 Depreciation (See also Money) 214, 295, 296, 779, 796, 817. "Description of New Eng- land" 73 Deserters 305, 309, 315, 320, 322, 334, 379, 384, 385, 390. Development of the Town 46, 465, 473ff, 489, 671. Dials 49, 403 Diary of John Adams 14 Diary of Simon Bradstreet 535 Diary of Ebenezer Bridge 190, 223, 235. 298, 355, 363, 543, 544, 639, 640. 641. 784 Diary of Oliver Corey. ... 176 Diary of John Evelyn . . . 420 Diary of Oliver Fletcher (Acct. Book) . . . 549, 837 Diary of Increase Mather 101, 432. Diary of John Pike 147 Diary of Samuel Sewall 70, 127, 528. Diary, Old Chelmsford ... 464 Difficulties of the Historian 292 Dips. Tallow 403 Discoveries, Early 73, 75 Disorderly Persona, Com- mittee to Deal with . . 465 Ditch Around Indian Corn- Fields 78, 514 Divine Worship, Compul- sory 47, 406 Divine Worship, JMethods of Calling to 48, 409 Divine Worship, Neglect of 410 Doctor's Agreement. . 462, 801 Doctor's Recipes 460 Doctrinal Discussions (See Controversies.) Dogs as Foot Warmers 682, 789 Dogs to Use Against Indians 123 Doga to Use Against Wolves 429 Dogs, Vote to Kill All 815 "Doing a Turn" 292 DoUar Sign _ 623 Drafts and Requisitions 294, 295. Drug-mill 665 Eagle, The Chelmsford ... 460 Early Grants of Land (See Grants.) Early lU Behavior 59, 411, 465, 530. Early Recollections 467 Earthquakes . . . 639, 640, 788 East and West India Goods 229, 781. East Village 485 Engine-men 407 English and West India Goods 490 Enlistment Papers 257, 287, 288, 293. Ensign— 2d Lieut 89 Episcopal Church 711, 712. 715 Equipment of Soldiers (See Accoutrement.) Estate of Ebenezer Bridge 783 Estate of His Father 784 Exchange of Land 31ff, 629 Execution on Judgment Against Town . . 496, 577 Expenses, Town 627, 628 Extension of Land 29, 473 Factory Life, Early 491 Families Driven Away by Calamity 137 Farm, Winthrop 523 Farming (See Agriculture) 418 Farming Life, Monotony of 464 Farms About Merrimack 474, 536. Female Operatives, Con- dition of 491 Fence Viewers 423 Fences 56 Ferry, Abbott's 481, 812 Ferry, Ansart's 813 Ferry, Bradley's 484, 485, 498. 812. Ferry, Brown's 485, 497 Ferry, Clark's 480, 484, 498, 812, 813. Ferry, Hamblet'a 813 Ferry, Hildreth's 812 Ferry, Hinchman's 813 Ferry. Hunt's 481. 484. 498. 812 813 Ferry, Webb's 533, 812 Ferry, White's 812 Field Drivers 423 Financial Matters 622 Fine for Absence from Town Meeting 13 Fine for Abusive Language 413 Fine for Cattle Damage Feasant 412, 413, 422, 423 Fine on Drafted Men .... 275 Fine for Failure to Make Returns 413, 811 Fine for not Sending Votes 810 Fine for Stuffing Ballot Box, Etc 406 Fine for Unchaste Conduct 412 Fine for Want of a School- master 553, 813 Fine for Want of Schools 552, 553 554 Fire Buckets 407, 409 Fire District 597 Fire Wards 407, 408 First Settlers (See Settlers.) First Shot at Bunker Hill 226, 23 Iff. Rsh 75. 79, 420fiF, 520, 524, 554, 784, 785, 786, 838. Fishing Grounds of Indians 3 Fiske, Rev. John, Children of 18 Fiske, Rev. John, Letter of Introduction 15 Fiske, Rev. John, Mather's Account of 16ff Fiake, Rev. John, Town Grant to 19 Flintlocks 87 Food 419, 425 Foot Stoves . . . 595, 789, 682 Fortifications, Line of ... 123 Foxes 431 Freeman's Oath 404 Freemen 404 Frocks 451 Frontier Towns 1, 86 Frontier Towns, Defence of 131, 135, 138, 150 Frontier Towns, Prohibi- tion Concerning 135 Fulling MiU 51, 485, 662 Funeral, Account of 544ff, 690 Funeral, Carriages at .... 815 Funeral, Gloves at (See Gloves.) Furniture 402 Gale, September 642 Garrison Houses 67, 90ff, 108, 110, 112, 116, 123. 130, 134. 507. 531, 664, 841. Garrison Soldiers, Credited at Chelmsford 92 Garrison Soldiers, Dis- missed . . • 120 Gentleman Soldier (McKawes) 330 Geology 643 Gifts to the Parson 189, 239, 784, 787. 801. Glass 22, 393, 484, 618, 663 Glass Manufactory 4, 483, 484, 663. Glasiers 678 890 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Glebe or Ministry Land 19, 792, 812, 814. 817. Glebe or Ministry Land, Sale of 684 Glovea at Funerals 544, 545, 814. Gloves at Weddings 782 Governor, Votes for in 1780, 1781, 1782 215 Grange 464 Granite 506, 589, 637, 650, 673, 674. Grants 1, 49, 50 Grants, Additional 29 Grants, Committee to Lay Out 4 Grants, Description of 4, 5, 6, 7 Grants, Early 72 Grants to Samuel Adams 35, 835. Grants to Thomas Hench- man 108 Grants to Margaret Win- throp 74 Grants. Various 577, 578, 579 Great Awakening, The . . . 697 Great Brook Settlers 45 Grist Mills 35, 50, 51, 52, 53, 485. 662, 664, 665, 784, 835. Groton, Removals to ... . 28 Hat Factory 479, 483 Haystack and Barn Burned 98, 99, 102, 432, 538, 826. Headquarters at Cambridge, 1775 224, 246 Hearse 817 Hedgehog 456 Herding of Cattle 55, 527 Hills 629 Historian, Difficulties of. . 292 Hogreaves 409, 422 "Hole in the Ground" 577 Homes 417 Hops 490 Horses 56, 423, 424 Hour Glass 49, 403 Houses, Construction of 46, 67, 91, 92, 393ff, 396, 398. Houses, Garrison (See Garrison.) Houses, Location of. . 37ff, 46 Houses, Old 12, 67, 299, 393, 394, 398, 399, 400, 417, 522, 541. Housewright 164, 315, 340, 344, 348. lU Behavior, Early 59, 411, 465, 530. Illiteracy 418, 551 Illumination of Stoddard House 190, 203, 789 Immigration 1 Imprisonment for Taxes 608, 609, 611. Incorporation 13, 75 Indentures 415. 416 Independence, Declaration of 209, 213, 238, 480 Indians. 75. 432, 596, 632, 826 Indians as Slaves (See Slaves.) Indians as Soldiers 87, 98, 116, 274. Indians, Attempt to Chris- tianize 3, 81. 84 Indians. Bounty for Scalps of (See Scalps.) Indians' Chapel 78 Indians, Children Taken by 131, 531, 814 Indians, Conversion of 84, 697 Indians, Exchange of Land With 3, 31, 629 Indians Keep Sabbath .... 101 Indians' Land 477 Indians, Liquors to (See Liquor) 75fif, 432fr. 51 Iff, 524, 826, 83.3. Indian Names 638 Indian Relics 434 Indians, Trade With 36, 76, 81, 82. Inhabitancy and Warning Out 576ff Inns and Innholders (See Taverns.) Inoculation 581, 788 Inspection. Committee of (See Committee.) Instructions to Represent- atives 193ff, 207 Itch, The 461, 784 Jesuits, Banished 406 Jokes, Practical 456 Knocker 595 Land Bank 190, 623 Land, Committee to Lay Out 41 Land, Common 55 Land Controversies 5 Land, Distribution of ... . 49 Land, Examination of . . . 2 Land, Exchange of 31, 314, 629 Land, Extension of 29 Land Titles 76, 465, 468, 469, 473, 512, 577. Latch String 411, 595 Latitude and Longitude . . . 629 Laws and Liberties (See Index of Names) 405, 600 Laws, Old 405 Lawyers 805 Letter from a Chyrurgeon . 1 1 Letters from Chelmsford 110. Ill, 119, 205, 208. Letter from Gen. Denison . 123 Letter from James Parker 124 Letter from Selectmen of Cambridge 357 Letter of Joshua Baldwin . . 392 Letters of John Betteys 285, 286. Letter of Sarah Bradstrect 446 Letters of Samuel Chamber- lain 446. 447 Letter of Introduction. John Fiske's 15 Letter of Nathaniel Foster 286 Letter of Jesse Heywood. 287 Letters of Hinchman 102, 105. 129, 130, 166. Letters of Hutchinson 203, 780 Letters of David Jeffries 133, 206. Letter of Capt. Moseley ... 97 Letters of Numphow and John Line 101, 107 Letter of Moses Parker. . . 233 Letter of Mo.ses Parker and Benjamin Walker ... 233 Letters of Col. Tyng. . 145, 149 Letter to Major Waldron. 125 Letter to Wannalancit. . . 106 Letter of Gen. Artemaa Ward 366 Letter to Church at Chelmsford 23 Letter to Comm. of Corr., Boston 198 Letter to Mr. Danforth . . 198 Liberals (See Unitarians.) Liberty Pole 373, 589 Library, Adams 585ff Library Celebration 685 Library, Free Public 584 Library, North Chelms- ford 587ff Library, Social 583 Life of Long Ago 392ff Lights (See Street Lights.) Lime 447, 636, 649, 650, 66(1, 661. Lines Between Chelmsford and Other Towns . . 469ff Lines Between English and Indians 33ff, 512ff Liquor and Longevity . . . 549 Liquor Licenses 210, 600, 611 817. Liquor to Indians 59, 82, 419, 524, 530. Literary Organizations . . . 458 Log Chapel 78 "Long Cause" 519 Losses at Bunker Hill 232, 844 Losses at Chelmsford . . . 121ff Magistrates Only to Marry 406, 690. 782. Mail Service 238, 442, 456. 466, 625. Mammoth Road 439, 462 Manufacturing 479, 484, 485, 486ff. 656. 662. Marriages 406, 690 Mason 576 Massachusetts Volunteer Militia, Company K. 373 Massachusetts Volunteer Militia, Troop F 375 Massacre, Boston 193 Matches, Lucifer 595 Matchlocks 87 Maverick's Description . . 73 Meadow Hay Sermons . . . 691 Meadows 634 Meeting House of 1660.20, 675 Meeting House of 1710 . . 676 Meeting House of 1792 680, 689, 793, 794, 814. Meeting House of 1842.685. 689 Meeting House Architec- ture 689 Meeting House Bell 48, 680, 687, 688. Meeting House. Clubs in 61, 88 Meeting House. Description of 676, 680. 689 Meeting House, Order in 678, 682. Meeting House, Private Entrances to 47 Meeting House, Propping of 680, 681.682 Meeting House Raised . . . 794 Meeting House, Seating the 47, 677, 678, 689. Meeting House, Singing in 679, 681, 682. Memorial Day 375 Men and Women Sit on Opposite Sides . . 678, 689 Merrimack, Early Dis- covery of 73 Merrimack, Exploration of 75 INDEX OF TOPICS 891 Meteorological and Seis- mical Observations . . 639 Middlesex Canal 454, 500 Middlesex Convention . . . 200 Middlesex County Train- ing School 699 Middlesex Resolves 203. 204, 807. Migration to Connecticut 04, 75 MiHtia 127, 211, 216, 455, 465 Mills 35, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 485flf. 578, 636, 656ff, 662, 787, 789, 790. Millstones 58 Ministers, Early . . 65, 66, 769 Ministers, Influence of 47, 415 Ministers, Rates for. . 59, 615 Ministry or Glebe Land 19, 812, 814, 817. Ministry or Glebe Land, Sale of 684 Minute Men 216, 274 "Mogginsons" (See Snow- shoe Companies) 145 Money, Counterfeit 215 Money, Depreciation of (See also Deprecia- tion) 284, 293, 294, 295, 296, 622, 624, 779, 796. Monument Association . . 588 Monument Dedication ... 591 Monument, Notes for Ad- dress of R. W. Emer- son 592 Monument, Revolutionary 588ff, 832, 841. "Mow it High" 444 Muster Fields 455 Muster, General 791, 792 Muster Rolls and Lists, Indian Wars, 92-95, 115, 116, 133, 134, 139-144, 148-153, 156-159, 162-178 Muster Rolls and Lists, Revolutionary... 242-274 Old Style and New 7, 784, 813, 838. Onesimus Bildam 459 Opinion of Sec'y Knox .... 235 Opodeldoc 463 Orchard 420 Order 104, 105, 106, 108, 117, 118, 119, 120, 125, 136, 145, 176, 366. Order, Regimental . . 210, 366 Order Book of Capt. Ford 251, 292. Order Book of Col. Greene 204 Order Book of Col. J. B. Varnum 285 Order Book of Gen. Greene 266 Order of the Colonel 263, 284, 289, 290. Organ, First 771 Orthography of the Name . 638 Outcry, Sold at. . 608, 609, 611 Nails, Value of Handmade 394 Name, Origin of 14, 15 Names, Indian 638 Necessaries of Life (See Prices.) Neck, Concord River 75, 541, 632, 678. Neck, The 524, 525, 540, 558, 559. Neck, Wame.sit. 474, 515, .530 Negroes 274, 275, 284, 570, 627, 786, 790. "New England, De.scrip- tion of" 73 Newfield 57, 836 Newlights 697, 784, 786 New Style.. 7, 784, 813, 838 Non-residence, Rejected for 522, 755, 757 Note Book of Oliver Corey 176 North End 41, 559, 621 Oath, Freeman's 404 Oath, Soldier's 217 Oath of Allegiance 357 Oathof William Adams. . . 275 Oath of Capt. Ford. . 253, 366 Odd Characters 456, 831 Odd Interjections 464 Odd Invention 407 Officers, Town . . 409, 600, 602 "Old Hundred" Reassures Soldiers 227 Old Line Thespians 459 Old Laws 405ff Pall 676 Panniers 392 Paper Money, Deprecia- tion of (See Deprecia- tion) 296 Parish, West 699 Pasturing Horses and Cattle 444 Paupers (See Poor.) Pay for Attending Consti- tutional Convention . . 284 Pay for Committee Men at Concord 362 Peat 637, 649 Pensioners, List of Revolu- tionary 284 Petition of Dunstable. . . . 131 Petitions, Soldiers' (See Soldiers.) Petition to Court of Com- mon Pleas 356 Petitions to Governor, Etc. 2, 3, 4, 29, 31, 36, 86, 103, 107, 109, 110, 111, 113, 122, 127, 131, 132, 136, 137, 146, 148, 152, 160. 161, 179-188, 359, 364, 826. Physicians (See also Chirur- geons) . . 460, 461, 462, 463 Pillion 392, 547 Placard, Threatening 114 Plains 633 Plantation, Indian 479 Planters, Planting . . . 600, 810 Plot Against Dover 129 Polling on the Common 493, 601, 685. Polls 619, 026. 627 Ponds 032. 633, 635 Poor, Care of 61, 599, 627, 811 Population 626, 627 Port of Boston, Closing of. 193 Postage, Rates of 625 Pothooks 595 Pound 20, 422, 430, 579, 079, 814, 818. Poverty... 425, 539, 540, 592 Powder Accounts 89, 132 Powder Mills . . . 486, 817. 818 Powder, Stock of 208, 214, 477, 676. Power of Attorney 299 Practical Jokes 418, 456 Prayers in Town Meeting 600, 601. 790. Praying Town, Description of 78 Precinct, Wamesit 523 Precinct, West 476, 477 Prices of the Necessaries of Life 108. 259, 296, 405. 446. 447. Printing in Chelmsford . . . 593 Prison, Boston (See Boston.) Prisoners, Ford Brings, to Cambridge 251, 263 Prisoners in Chelmsford 222, 223, 237. Pronunciation of the Name 639 Public Worship 47, 406, 410, 411, 830. Quakers ... 114, 240, 406, 627 Quartering Act 190 "Queresters" 606, 679 Railroads 455, 509 Rates for the Minister 615, 618 Rates (Taxes) 614 Rebellion, Records of Chelmsford Men in the 378flf Rebellion, Route of Soldiers in Shays' 363 Rebellion, Shays' 356 Rebellion, War of the 368 Recipes, Doctor's 460 Receipts 837 Receipt for "doing a turn" 292 Receipts for Monuments 71, 240. Receipts for Wages 291 Receipts of Capt. Ford 289, 291 Religious Controver.siea (See Controversies.) Religious Organizations (See Churches.) Rehgious Revivals 697 Reminiscences 477ff Representatives, Instruc- tions to 193fif Representatives, Rejected 522, 541, 755, 757. Resolve of Provincial Con- gress 290 Resolves, Middlesex . 203, 807 Revenue, Surplus 625 Revolution, Chelmsford Men Who Lost Their Lives in 355 Revolution _ Drafts and Requisitions 294ff Revolution Enlistment Papers 287ff Revolution, Letters from Men in 233, 285ff Revolution, Monument to Soldiers of . 588, 832, 843 Revolution, Number of Chelmsford Men in . . 354 Revolution, Records of Men Who Served in. . 292, 301, 841. Revolution, Route of Soldiers in 261 Revolution, Soldiers of the. Buried in Chelmsford 719. 842. (See List of Illus- trations No. 21.) Revolution. Some Causes of 157, 190, 191, 813 Revolution Subscription Paper 293flf Revolution, Town Accounts in the 281ff Revolution, War of the 190, 828, 842. Ride and Tie 392 892 HISTORY OF CHELMSFORD Roads, Early (See Streets) 37fF, 43, 44, 54, 392, 434fF, 439, 440, 528, 560. Roads, State Highways 434, 436, 437. Robin's HiU 393 Robin's Hill, Clearing of . . 89 Robin's Hill, House on ... . 62 Robin's Hill, Origin of Name 629 Route in Shays' Rebellion 363 Route to Ticonderoga. ... 261 Rum 297, 462 Rye and Indian 420 Rye, Price of 296 Rye Sent to Boston . . 205, 206 Sabbath, Breach of . . 124, 407 Saddle Bags 392 Sale of John Bate's Effects 290 Salt 296, 297, 814 Salt Bought for the Town's Use 209, 214, 814 Salt, Manufacture of .... 424 Sawmills. . . . 517, 662. 664, 835 Sawmills, First 35, 50, 51, 52, 53, 485, 489. .Scalps. .130, 139, 145, 163, 833 School, Chelmsford Classi- cal 540, 563, 566. 567, 818 School Dames 551 School Districts . 560, 561, 562 School for the Deaf 582 School House, First 556 School, Recent Develop- ments in 565 School, Singing 679. 681, 682, 813 School, 'Training 599 Schools 417, 418, 466, 531. 550, 785. Schools, List of Teachers in Chelmsford 842 "Scoot Train" 510 Scriptures (See Bible.) Seismical Observations . . . 639 Selectmen, List of 754 Selectmen May Catechise 405, 551. Selectmen, Railing Against 413 Selectmen to be Instructed 600, 755 756. Separates ..... 693, 697. 785 Separation from England, Feeling Against 199 Separation of Church and State 697 Separation of Church and Town 683 September Gale 642 Settlement 7, 8, 75, 392, 524 Settlers, First 1, 7, 8, 9, 392 Settlers on Great Brook ... 45 Settlers on Stony Brook . . 44 Shays' Rebellion, Collapse of 357 Shays' Rebellion, Pardon for Participants in . . . 357 Sheep 56, 57, 423, 424, 451 Sheep Sent to Boston 199, 205, 281. Shoemaker 578 Shoes 124, 177, 293, 296, 297 Signalling 62 Silk Worms 452 Singing (See Schools) 679, 681, 682, 686. Singing School 813 Slaves, Indian 76, 85, 99, 102, 103, 811. Slaves, Negro 275, 570, 627, 786, 811. Slit-work 445, 446 Sloop Joiner 166 Smallpox 280, 581, 788 Smoking Tobacco 297, 407, 785, 838. Snow-shoe Company 138fF, 145, 150, 151. 811, 812. Social Distinctions 414 Social Life 456, 685 Soldiers, Accoutrement of 87, 88, 219, 255. Soldiers, Bond for Pay of . . 279 Soldiers, Classes of 275ff Soldiers' Diet 425 Soldiers' Dress 218 Soldiers, Hardships of 189, 280 Soldiers, Indians as (See Indiana.) Soldiers, Impressed 87, 119, 166, 787. Soldiers, Letters of (See Letters.) Soldiers, Negro. . 274, 275, 284 Soldiers' Oath 217 Soldiers of the Revolution Buried in Chelmsford 719, 842. Soldiers, Pav of 96, 108, 126, 150, 153, 263, 264, 268, 269, 270, 272, 273, 291, 366. 367. Soldiers, Petitions and Allowances of 90, 121, 132, 136, 138, 146, 148, 157, 158, 159. 160, 161. 174, 179£f, 189, 235. Soldiers Provide Own Arms 88 Soldiers, Punishment of 124, 292, 311. Soldiers Reassured by "Old Hundred" 227 Soldiers' Receipts for Pay 271, 288, 289, 291. Soldiers Returning from War 280 Soldiers' Wages Paid by Towns 96 Soldiers Who Died in the Civil War 819 Soldiers Who Died in Indian Wars 113, 115, 125 189, 827. Soldiers Who Died in the Revolution 204, 302, 312, 321, 335, 349, 355, 807, 843. South End 45, 559, 620 Speech of Wannalancit. . . 79 Spelling of Chelmsford... 638 Spinning and Weaving 417, 451 Squirrels 431ff Stage Coaches 392, 440ff, 818 Stairs, Men's 678 Stairs, Women's 678 Stamp Act 190, 191, 192, 194, 202, 789. States, Union of 214 Steamboats 508 Still 43, 530 Stockades 62, 123 Stocks 49, 403, 404 Stony Brook Path 43 Stony Brook Valley 44 Store-keepers 402, 829 Store (Stock), Tovm 89, 132, 152, 204, 208, 209, 214, 245, 295, 477, 676, 677, 689, 813, 815. Stoves, Foot 595, 739 Stoves, Franklin 595 Stoves in Meeting House 403 682, 689. Strangers, Law Concerning 49, 576. Strawberries 520 Street Lights 820, 821, 832 Streets (See Roads) 20. 37«f, 54, 434fiF. Suffrage, Right of 404, 599, 830 Suffrage, Woman 821 Sugar 451, §39 Sugar for Town's Use 209 Sugar, Manufacture of 424 Superior Court of Judica- ture 574 Surplus Revenue 625 Surrender of Burgoyne 238, 263, 291. Swamps 633 Swine 55, 422, 423, 450 Tailors 327, 541, 549, 578. 676, 700, 838. Tallow Dips 403, 417 Tanners . . . 297, 579, 659, 832 Tavern Keeper's License . . 611 Taverns and Taverners 58, 396, 398, 401, 402, 479fif, 480, 483, 493, 521, 546, 548, 829, 840. Tax, Direct, of 1798 628 Taxation, Early Forma of. 613 Taxation, Present Form of 615 Taxes 59ff, 608, 609, 610, 613- 622, 627, 628, 811. Taxes, Abated (See Abate- ment.) "Tea Party, Boston" 193, 299 Territorial Limits 4, 33, 468£f, 557, 813. Theocracy, Puritan 25, 85, 691, 692, 693, 697. Thieves 409 Ticonderoga, Route to. .. . 261 Timber, Large 400, 418 Tinder Boxes 596 Tithingmen 409 Titles, Land 76, 465, 468, 469, 512, 577. Titles of Respect 414 Tobacco, Smoking (See Smoking.) Tobacco Tong.s 783 Topography 519, 629 Town Bounds (See Bounds.) Town, Changes in Life of. . 465 Town, Execution of Judg- ment Against . . . 496, 677 Town Expenses 627 Town Farm 599 Town, Governmental Powers of 465 Town Hall 601 Town House 62, 63, 64, 88, 601, 685. Town House and Stockade on Robin's Hill 62flf Town, Large and Rich .... 478 Town Lines 468 Town Meeting . . 465, 692, 600 Town Meeting, First .... 12 Town Meeting, Prayers in 600, 601, 784, 790. Town Meeting, Second . . 13 Town, Middle of 557, 813 Town not Centered . . 660, 676 iMMMMBUMM^a^M^b' >^knn««H*iMBi INDEX OF TOPICS 893 Town of Chelmsford, Devel- opment of 46, 465, 473, 489. 671. Town Officers 409, 602, 607, 754. Town, Only One of the Name in U. .S. ... 14, 15 Town, Separation of Church and 683 Town, Settlement of 1. 7, 392, 524. Town Stores (See Store.) Town Warrants 606ff Trade With Indians 36, 76. 81 Traditions 8, 12. 21, 53. 62, 455, 537, 595. Tradition About Indians 433, 434. Tradition of April 19th 294 Tradition of First Site 393 Traffic and Travel 442flf Training Band 210. 255 Training School 459 Trammels 547. 595, 783 Tree Nails 400 Triangulation Station .... 630 Truant School 459 Turkeys, Driving 444 "Turn, Doing A" 292 Turnips 420 Turnpike 439 Turpentine 811 Union Jack 410 Union Parish 685 Union Parish Dissolved . . . 686 Unitarians. . 685, 687, 797. 800 Valley Forge. Chelmsford Men at 355 Valuation 626. 627 ^'endue, Public 290. 462. 599, 615. Verses on Chelmsford Bells 688 Verses on Col. Parker 234 Verses on Concord Fight 218, 219. Verses on Fish 420 Verses on Robin's Hill 630 Verses on Shays' Rebellion 357 Verses on The Dark Day . . 641 Veterans' Association 369 Veterans, Lists of 370ff Village Improvement Asso- ciation 459, 587, 594, 820, 832. Votes for Governor Under the Constitution, First . . 215 Voting (See Suffrage.) Wamesit Purchase 51 Iff Wannalancit, Death of . . 136 Wannalancit, Influence of. 125 War, Queen Anne's 138 War, Civil 368 War, Dummer's or Love- weU's 150, 522 War. French and Indian 162, 542ff. War, King George's 157 War, King Philip's 61, 62, 84. 419, 432, 511, 533, 536. 537, 538. War, King William's 127, 522 War, Losses in. . 121, 122, 826 War, Mexican (1848) 367 War of 1812 367, 486, 506 Wars. Province 127, 827 War, Revolutionary 190ff, 559, 702, 828. 84 Iff. War. Spanish (1898) 367 Warming Pans . . 547, 595, 783 Warning Out 576ff, 832 Warrants 606ff Watch Tower 629 Watches 403, 783, plate 34 Water District 698 Watering Troughs 595 Weaving 417, 446, 578 Wepooositt, Wibecusit 101, 109 West End 39, 45, 55 West Indies, Service in . . 156 West Parish 476, 699 Wheeled Vehicles 392, 444, 619, 783, 791. Wigs 98, 837. 838 Wildcats 431 Wine 419 Wintcrsnight Tale 448ff Witchcraft 69. 96. 571ff Wolves .57. 429ff Wood. Price of 297,814 Woodchucks 432 Wool-Soouring 667-67J