RKA^SAS 
 
 F 
 
 411 
 
 Twenty-Third Edition. 
 
lass 
 
 ink 
 
 F4n 
 
 PRESENTED BY 
 
ARKANSAS 
 
 Statistics and information showing its 
 
 Agricultural and Mineral 
 
 Resources. 
 
 The Opportunities for Successful Stock and 
 
 Fruit Raising, Manufacturing, 
 
 Mining and Lumbering. 
 
 The Advantages of Soil and Climate, and Notes on 
 
 Scenery, Game, Fish, and Health and 
 
 Pleasure Resorts of this 
 
 Great State. ,,. m 
 
 WITH COMPLIMENTS 
 OF THE 
 
 Passenger Department 
 
 OF THE 
 
 IRON MOUNTAIN ROUTE 
 
Entered according to act of Congress in the year 1896, by 
 
 H. C. Townsend, General Passenger Agent Missouri Pacific Railway, 
 
 In the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. 
 
 Author. 
 
 Twenty-Third Edition. 
 December 1st, 1900. 
 
edi@a(ioip. 
 
 Tr^O those who desire a good, cheap home, with a fertile soil 
 and genial climate, where water and timber are abundant, 
 and all kinds of grain, fruits and vegetables grow in profusion, 
 with all the advantages of churches, schools and society : 
 
 To those who have tilled the rock-ribbed hillsides of New 
 England in a vain attempt to pay the farm mortgage and ob- 
 tain a home of their own, and have seen the profits of the short 
 summers eaten up to maintain the stock through the long 
 cold winters ; where the smallest savings are made only by the 
 severest toil and closest economy : 
 
 To those who are struggling to make both ends meet by 
 renting the worn-out farms of the middle Northern States, and 
 who yearly see their scanty harvests go to pay rents, with 
 scarcely enough left to clothe the farmer's family: 
 
 To those who are tired of the blizzard-swept regions of the 
 Northwest, and desire a milder and more congenial climate 
 where the soil is as productive, where the winters are short and 
 mild, where the problem of obtaining fuel and timber is not 
 encountered : 
 
 To the capitalist who desires to invest his money in safe, 
 sure and profitable enterprises, where mines of all kinds are 
 awaiting development, where superior advantages are offered to 
 
all lines of manufacturing, unsurpassed water power, cheap 
 coal and timber, and the control of the Southwestern market : 
 
 To all who are honest and willing to work and who desire 
 to get along in the world — to the man with capital, to the man 
 with muscle, to the farmer, to the merchant, to the stock 
 raiser, to the fruit grower, to the miller, to the mechanic, to the 
 lumberman, to the school teacher, to the clerk, to the laboring 
 man, to the health and pleasure seeker and the sportsman — 
 to all who wish to obtain a good home, wealth, happiness 
 and comfort: — 
 
 This Pamphlet on the Resources of Arkansas -is dedicated. 
 

 Arkansas. 
 
 ^2- <g^ 
 
 THIS State is not as some people imagine it, a great way off from 
 the centers of business of the country. No long expensive trip 
 has to be made, no hardships endured to reach it. Eleven 
 hours' travel on a splendidly equipped railroad brings the home- 
 seeker from St. Louis to the center of this favored commonwealth. To 
 take supper in St. Louis, then to ride in the superb cars of the St. 
 Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railway, and breakfast next morning 
 in Little Rock, the capital city of Arkansas, is certainly no hardship. 
 
 
 
 Fruit Farm, Crawford County. 
 
 Arkansas is located in the milder portion of the Mississippi Valley 
 and has an area of 53,045 square miles. Owing to the difference 
 in the elevation of the various portions of the State and its 
 southern location, a greater variety of products is raised than in any 
 other of the States. In the southern section, semi-tropical fruits and 
 plants are grown, and the products of the northern States are success- 
 fully raised in all sections. The surface of the State is comparatively 
 level in the east, gradually becoming more elevated toward the west, 
 the greatest elevation being reached in the Ozark Mountains. The 
 
6 ARKANSAS 
 
 surface of the State presents a pleasing variety of hill, plain, prairie, 
 woodland, valley and stream. 
 
 Perhaps no State in the country is better adapted by nature to all the 
 industries and varieties of living from the land than Arkansas. The 
 rich valleys are capable of producing cotton, corn, wheat, oats, and all 
 varieties of grain. The genial warmth of the climate and rich soil 
 make fruit-raising one of the most successful and agreeable occupa- 
 tions. The magnificent apples grown in the State have taken the 
 prizes at all the National pomological exhibits of recent years, includ- 
 ing the Columbian Exposition in Chicago, in 1893. As a peach grow- 
 ing State, Arkansas is equal to Delaware. Its peach products have 
 already made St. Louis the earliest and cheapest peach market in the 
 country. The small fruits, strawberries and others, are grown with 
 surprising ease and success. Stock-raising, for obvious reasons, is 
 most successful, and can be made one of the great industries of the 
 State. The uplands and hill country furnish most excellent grazing, 
 and water, the important feature of stock-raising, is abundant every- 
 where. This, in addition to the short winters, during which very 
 little feeding is necessary, the proximity to markets, shipping facili- 
 ties, and cheap lands, makes stock-raising one of the most desirable 
 industries that can be engaged in. Unlimited opportunities for the 
 investment of capital in mines of iron, manganese, antimony, zinc, 
 copper, lead, nickel, gypsum, coal, granite, mineral paints and ochres, 
 marls, aluminum, kaolin, potters' and fire clays, fertilizing marls, soap- 
 stone, fine marbles, mineral oils, natural gas, and probably other 
 valuable metals and minerals, are offered. The water power of 
 Arkansas is unsurpassed. The streams can be dotted with saw mills 
 and flouring mills, and why should they not be with cotton mills? 
 Here is an opportunity for live capitalists. 
 
 Since the war, old prejudices against this State have given way before 
 the light of investigation and truth, and the increase in the population 
 is a strong evidence of the advantages found here, and of the State's 
 growing popularity. The census returns of the State have been as 
 follows : 
 
 YEAR. POPULATION. YEAR. POPULATION. YEAR. POPULATION. 
 
 1820 14,255 1850 209,897 1880 802,525 
 
 1830 30,388 1860 435,450 1890 1,128,179 
 
 1840 97,574 1870 484,471 1900 1,311,564 
 
ARKANSAS. 
 
 ARKANSAS COMMERCIALLY CONSIDERED. 
 
 N point of commercial advantages, Arkansas is second to no State in 
 the Union for internal trade. Three trunk lines of railroad traverse 
 the State from north to south, all centering in St. Louis, thus putting 
 all sections of the State in direct communication with the great com- 
 mercial metropolis of the Mississippi Valley. The Iron Mountain 
 Boute, with its branches, traverses the State diagonally through the 
 center, and also drains, by means of the Little Rock, Mississippi 
 River & Texas, and the Little Rock & Fort Smith divisions, the 
 Arkansas Eiver Valley from the Indian Territory to the Mississippi 
 River. The Cotton Belt Route carries the commerce of the eastern 
 section of the State, and the St. Louis & San Francisco furnishes an 
 outlet for the western part. These roads penetrate, with their con- 
 nections, the States of Texas and Louisiana to the Gulf, and furnish 
 outlets to the south or north for the surplus productions of the State. 
 Numerous smaller lines and branches intersect the State in all direc- 
 tions, placing the larger cities in communication with each other, and 
 acting as feeders for the commerce of the main lines. 
 
 Very few of the States are provided with a system of navigable rivers 
 as a factor in internal trade. In contrast, Arkansas has over 3,000 
 miles of water available for commercial purposes, forming almost a 
 complete system of river communication. The Mississippi River 
 washes the eastern boundary about 500 miles in length ; the Arkansas 
 River, flowing by Little Rock, the capital, is navigable for 500 miles ; 
 the Red River, in the south, 300 miles ; the St. Francis, the White and 
 Black Rivers, and several others, aggregating 3,250 miles of water 
 available for steamboats, and about 500 additional miles for barges and 
 rafts. New lines of railroad have been projected and surveyed. The 
 tide of emigration, as evinced by inquiries, is clearly turning toward 
 Arkansas.*" Railroads are anticipating the movement to make exten- 
 sions wherever available. 
 
ARKANSAS. 9 
 
 That it is a beautiful country none can deny. Everything unites to 
 make it so, and the result of all the combined influences of climate, 
 soil and location render it one of the most marvelously healthy regions 
 known. Then, too, its every hillside gives birth to some sparkling 
 spring of clear, pure water, while others are surcharged with mineral 
 properties, and restore to health those who come here ailing or suffer- 
 ing. Indeed the entire Slate has long been famous for its wonderful 
 curative springs. 
 
 A comprehensive view of the whole — what a scene it presents to the 
 observer. Could it but be held for a moment before the gaze of the 
 toiling thousands, who are wearing away their lives in sterile fields, or 
 breathing away their existence in the crowded haunts of the far East, 
 what a change would come over their thoughts. With this happy land 
 before their eyes, could they be expected to rest contented? No, 
 indeed ! And before many months had passed over their toil-bowed 
 shoulders, they would be seen on the march for this Eldorado, which 
 awaits them in the West— awaits with a warm welcome all worthy 
 humanity which may come and knock for admittance. Even the poor 
 man need not hesitate to come to this favored land, if he comes armed 
 with a determination to be a man and work like a man. Labor may be 
 easily obtained, and the laborer never fails to get every cent he 
 earns. 
 
 WHAT AN ARKANSAS FARMER CAN DO. 
 
 He can raise from two hundred to three hundred bushels of sweet 
 potatoes or from 100 to 400 bushels of Irish potatoes to the acre, and for 
 fifty dollars he can build a house that will keep them the year round. 
 
 He can plant one acre of artichokes and fatten fifty hogs on it ; the 
 hogs can do their own digging and waste nothing. 
 
 He can raise all kinds of stock 100 per cent cheaper than it can be 
 done further north. 
 
 He will not have to fertilize his land to make it yield a good harvest, 
 although here, as elsewhere, judicious fertilization generally pays. 
 
 He can make a living easier than in any other State in the South, and 
 at the same time enjoy a more equable climate. 
 
 He can run his farm without a mortgage on it. 
 
10 
 
 ARKANSAS. 
 
 He can raise finer fruit, a greater variety, and more of it than in any- 
 other country in the world. 
 
 He can have vegetables on his table the year round. 
 
 He can plant one acre in cane and make 200 gallons of beautiful clear 
 syrup, with no sorghum twang to it. 
 
 Bees require no attention further than taking what honey you wish. 
 
 You can raise four tons of clover hay per acre, and the ground does not 
 have to be seeded but once in five years. 
 
 Five tons of German millet is not a large yield for one year. 
 
 "Wet land, sown in red top, forms an everlasting meadow of the finest 
 hay in the world. 
 
 One bale of cotton is the average yield, though one and one-half bales 
 per acre is not an uncommon crop. 
 
 There has never been a total failure of crops since the war, and but 
 few partial ones. 
 
 One hundred peach trees can be planted to the acre, and three to five 
 bushels of choice fruit per tree can be counted upon after the third 
 year. 
 
 Some Arkansas Productions 
 
ARKANSAS. 11 
 
 CLIMATE AND HEALTH. 
 
 ^<<|ftHE first question asked in considering a change of residence to a 
 if distant State is, "What is the climate, and how will my health 
 be affected by the change?" etc., etc. This is of first importance, as 
 while one can modify the soil and productions by fertilization, good 
 farming, irrigation, etc., the climate he has to take just as nature gives 
 it. 
 
 The climate of Arkansas, in comparison with northern climates, is 
 decidedly mild, and yet presents a greater diversity of temperature at 
 any given time than any equal area of country. This is owing to the 
 difference of elevation and the many sheltered valleys. The season in 
 the southeast is three weeks in advance of that of the northern part of 
 the State. The rainfall is abundant, but days of sunshine largely pre- 
 dominate. The extreme heat of the South and the intense cold of the 
 North are never known. The mountain range on the west shelters 
 the State from the blizzards that sweep the Northern country, the 
 cold waves of the Northwest, called here northers. The seasons of 
 seedtime and harvest are long and the period of winter is short and 
 mild. Out-door work can go on during the whole year. Stock live, 
 for the most part, on the ranges during the winter months. 
 
 The following statistics, taken from 'the United States Weather 
 Bureau Reports, give a general idea of the climate: 
 
 "I have selected Little Rock as the one point which will give the 
 most correct idea of our climate. First, on account of its being situated 
 in almost the exact center of the State, and second, because the 
 records cover a longer period than those of any other station in the 
 State. 
 
 "All data computed for 21 years. 
 
ARKANSAS. 
 
 Month. 
 
 Mean 
 Temperature. 
 
 Average 
 Precipitation 
 
 January 
 
 February 
 
 March 
 
 April , 
 
 May 
 
 June , 
 
 July 
 
 August 
 
 September 
 
 October 
 
 November 
 
 December 
 
 Winter. 
 Spring.. 
 Summer 
 Autumn 
 Year 
 
 Month 
 
 Average Number of Day: 
 
 Minimum 
 
 Temperature 
 
 Below 32. 
 
 Maximum 
 
 Temperature 
 
 Above 90. 
 
 Highest 
 Tempera- 
 ture. 
 
 Lowest 
 Tempera- 
 
 January ... 
 February .. 
 
 March 
 
 April 
 
 May 
 
 June 
 
 July 
 
 August 
 
 September 
 
 October 
 
 November 
 December. 
 
 14 
 9 
 6 
 twice in 7 years 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 9 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 once in 21 years 
 twice in 3 years 
 
 9 
 16 
 12 
 
 6 
 twice in 7 years 
 
 
 
 
 
 78 
 
 78 
 
 87 
 
 94 
 
 93 
 
 102 
 
 103 
 
 105 
 
 100 
 
 93 
 
 83 
 
 78 
 
 - 5 
 -12 
 16 
 28 
 44 
 51 
 60 
 52 
 41 
 32 
 10 
 
 Extremes — 12° on Feb. 12, 1899. 
 
 105° on August 1, 1896. 
 
 Earliest date of first killing frost, October 22. 
 Latest date of first filling frost, December 4. 
 Average date of first killing frost, November 8. 
 
14 ARKANSAS. 
 
 Earliest date of last killing frost, February 23 ; latest date of last 
 killing frost, April 14. Average date of last killing frost, March 22. 
 
 E. B. Richards, Section Director, 
 
 U. S. Weather Bureau. 
 
 Thus it will be seen that neither extremes of heat or cold are reached 
 in Arkansas, and that drought, which frequently injures the crops of 
 the West and South, can never seriously affect those of Arkansas. At Lit- 
 tle Rock the mean temperature for the months of June, July and August 
 is several degrees lower than that of Saratoga, N. Y. Wisconsin, dur- 
 ing the same months, was subjected to greater extremes of heat than Ar- 
 kansas. United States statistics disclose the fact that the mortality rate 
 at Little Rock is less than at any other military post in the Union. On 
 the uplands and in the hilly and mountainous districts Arkansas is ex- 
 ceptionally healthy, and people afflicted with rheumatism, catarrh, 
 bronchial and pulmonary troubles, are always relieved and frequently 
 permanently cured by a residence in Arkansas. Pneumonia prevails 
 but very little and fatal cases are rare. While it is true that malaria is 
 prevalent in the districts lying in the river bottoms where the timber is 
 heavy and all vegetation rank, yet it is no more true of Arkansas than 
 of any other portions of the country with similar regions of dense veg- 
 etation and uncultivated soil. When the land is cleared up and brought 
 under cultivation for a few years these influences disappear and the low 
 lands of Arkansas become as healthy as the high lands, which are en- 
 tirely free from malaria and challenge comparison for health with those 
 of any part of the globe. 
 
 The long, warm, genial season is of great advantage to the farmers. 
 In the North, the season being so short, as soon as the deep frost is out 
 of the ground every energy must be bent, and the greatest possible 
 amount of labor brought into requisition, in order that the crops may be 
 planted in time to mature before the short season is passed. Thereby a 
 great deal of extra expense is incurred which the farmer of Arkansas is 
 not subject to. The plow in Arkansas may be kept going every month 
 in the year. There need be no rush at seed time. The soil may be 
 prepared easily, thoroughly and without haste for the planting, which 
 takes place in February for the earlier crops, and the others in March, 
 while late potatoes, millet, fodder-corn, cow peas, etc., are often 
 planted in June and July, and make fine crops. 
 
ARKANSAS. 
 
 13 
 
 An aggregate of 15 year's observation in Arkansas gives an average of 
 75 rainy days in the year. 
 
 A report of an investigation of 600 tornadoes in the United States and 
 Territories gives only 8 as occurring in Arkansas. 
 
 For twelve months in the year there is not a land the sun shines on 
 favored with a climate that can compare with Arkansas. While other 
 countries have their delightful seasons, like winter in California, sum- 
 mer in Minnesota, and so on, for all the year round Arkansas is by far 
 the most delightful. Look on the map of the world and you will at 
 once see that this State is in the most favored belt of the temperate 
 zone. 
 
 While nights are hot in midsummer at the North, here we are fanned 
 at the close of each day by the delightfully cool breezes from the Gulf 
 of Mexico, or the higher lands to the West. A sweltering night here is a 
 thing unknown. The writer says this deliberately after 25 years resi- 
 dence in this State, preceded by 16 years in Central Illinois and ten 
 years in Western New York. 
 
 Walnut Logs, for Shipment to Germar 
 
 le, Ark. 
 
16 
 
 ARKANSAS. 
 
 PHYSICAL FEATURES AND SOIL. 
 
 ANY mistaken ideas have gone abroad in regard to the topography 
 r ^l of Arkansas. It is popularly supposed by those ignorant of the 
 State, to be a low-lying, swampy country, crossed by sluggish rivers, and 
 breathing forth malarial poisons. This impression has been spread by 
 persons who have seen that part of the State lying along the Mississippi 
 river, or from some of the first railroads built through the State. These 
 latter, to avoid the expense of heavy grading and deep cuts, were con- 
 
 structed through the creek and river bottoms and the lower lands of 
 the State. 
 
 Depending on his observation from such a standpoint, the traveler 
 would be apt to obtain a very erroneous impression of the State, t 
 
 Only about one-fourth of the lands of the whole State are compara- 
 tively level, and of these large portions are prairie, and others bottom 
 lands, fertile but not swampy ; the other three-fourths are rolling, hilly 
 or mountainous. The altitude of the State varies from 200 to 1,500 feet, 
 and some of the highest mountains reach an elevation of 2,500 feet. It 
 gradually rises towards the west, in rolling country, becoming more 
 
ARKANSAS. 
 
 17 
 
 hilly and elevated until the greatest height is reached in the Ozark 
 Mountains in the west. The low lands are found mostly in the eastern 
 portion of the State, along the Mississippi Eiver. 
 
 The rivers of the State flow in a general southeasterly direction into 
 the Mississippi. These, with their tributaries, give a large area of rich 
 bottom lands, unsurpassed in productiveness, but unlike some of the low 
 lands of the Mississippi, they are mostly elevated and dry, and capable 
 of yielding the richest harvests as soon as cleared and brought under 
 the plow. 
 
 The engravings in this book are from recent photographs, and give a 
 correct idea of the interior portions of this favored State. 
 
 A Cabin Home in the Ozark Mountains. 
 
 In the higher sections the scenery is beautiful, frequently approaching 
 the grand, and always interesting. The State, in respect to its water 
 courses, is divided into the Mississippi Valley, or lands on the east, 
 the wide valley of the Arkansas running through the center of the 
 State, the Ouachita in the southeast, and the Red River Valley in 
 the south. The alluvial lands are found in the valleys of the numer- 
 ous rivers of the State, and these bottoms are often miles in width 
 and are the most productive in the world. In some instances they 
 have been cultivated for forty years with the same crops, and are 
 still yielding remunerative returns without the aid of fertilizers. Near 
 
IS 
 
 ARKANSAS. 
 
 the streams the soil is usually a gray sandy loam, becoming a red or 
 black stiff land as it recedes from the streams, and light gray in color 
 as the hills are approached. This land has great durability and 
 
 productiveness, 
 and is covered 
 with a heavy 
 growth of tim- 
 ber, composed 
 of gums, burr 
 oak, white oak, 
 Spanish and 
 post oak, box- 
 elder, ash, yel- 
 low pine, hick- 
 ory, red and 
 white elm, etc. 
 The rolling 
 and hilly lands 
 comprise about 
 one-half the 
 whole area of 
 the State. These 
 are to be found 
 all over the 
 State, but lie 
 principally 
 south and east 
 of the mountain 
 ranges. The 
 soil is loose, 
 loamy, easily 
 cultivated and 
 very productive. Apples, peaches, 
 pears, grapes, plums, strawberries, 
 potatoes, both sweet and Irish, garden 
 vegetables, wheat, rye, oats, cotton and corn are produced on this 
 soil in abundance. 
 
 Farming Scene, 
 Arkansas. 
 
ARKANSAS. 
 
 19 
 
 The geographical position of the State is greatly enhanced by the 
 physical conformation of the country. Within the space of about 240 
 miles from north to south, in the limits of the State, are to be found all 
 the climatic and other characteristics of ten degrees of latitude, so that 
 in Arkansas the great Southern staples are produced in luxuriance ; 
 and also the leading staples and products of the Northern States, with 
 better profits than in the North. 
 
 The uplands of Arkansas remind one of the lands of Central New 
 York and Pennsylvania, with a dash of Ohio and Indiana thrown in. 
 Here is the same or a similar wealth of timber, which once covered 
 those States ; here grasses thrive, and cattle fatten easily ; here the 
 apple, peach, plum, pear, grape, strawberry and other small fruits, 
 bear and ripen to perfection beside each cottage and farm house door, 
 as they do in the most favored localities of the States named, only here 
 they have a sweetness and flavor surpassing those grown farther north 
 or on the flatter lands nearer the Gulf of Mexico. Here bees thrive 
 and sing in drowsy contentment all day long of their honied treasures. 
 Here, on our upland plateaus, a hardy, honest, peaceful, white 
 yeomanry till the soil; a black face is seldom seen, and the negro 
 question cuts no more figure than it does at the North. 
 
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ARKANSAS. 21 
 
 AGRICULTURE. 
 
 ITS PRESENT CONDITION AND FUTURE OUTLOOK. 
 
 MJO State has better farming lands than Arkansas. No State, with 
 J61 all the advantages of schools, churches, society, railroads, and 
 close connection with the centers of commerce and population, can offer 
 such a high order of farming lands so cheaply and on such reasonable 
 terms. 
 
 The State of Arkansas has more navigable streams than any in the 
 Union. The rich alluvial soil of her valleys rivals any lands on the con- 
 tinent for the production of cotton. Prior to the war slave labor was 
 found better adapted to its culture than to other agricultural pursuits. The 
 extreme poverty of the people, caused by the ravages of war, and the 
 unsettled condition of public affairs for years afterwards, prevented the 
 development of new resources. Consequently, until the past few years> 
 the public attention was devoted wholly to the production of cotton. The 
 numerous waterways served for transportation, and naturally the devel- 
 opment of the country was confined to the valleys of the rivers. Other 
 portions of the State, embracing the uplands, hills and plateaus, 
 remained practically undeveloped. Prior to 1872 there was but one short 
 line of railroad in operation in the State. General development is of 
 recent date, but has been very rapid. Pure air, pure water, and variety 
 of soil, coupled with an equable, salubrious climate, make the State 
 one of great agricultural possibilities, capable of sustaining a dense 
 population. The agricultural productions of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and 
 Kansas are produced equally well in Arkansas. In addition to these, 
 more cotton is grown per acre and per hand, on an average, than in any 
 other Southern State. Arkansas has earned, besides, a reputation not 
 excelled as a fruit-growing country, having taken the premium over all 
 competitors at -the Expositions of New Orleans, Boston, California, 
 New York, St. Louis, Chicago, and wherever her matchless fruit has 
 
22 ARKANSAS. 
 
 been shown . Its annual rainfall is much greater than that of many of the 
 Northern States; consequently crops are less liable to be injured by 
 drouth. Its equable climate and agricultural resources make it a good 
 stock -growing country. 
 
 The following statistics were compiled for the report and use of the 
 Arkansas State Board of Emigration, and are useful in showing the 
 present status of agriculture in Arkansas, and the cheering prospects 
 for the future: 
 
 No. acres in the State 33,500,000 
 
 No. acres of timber land 19,000,000 
 
 No. acres under cultivation 5,000,000 
 
 No. acres adapted to fruit growing 10,000,000 
 
 No. acres Government land 5,000,000 
 
 No. acres State land 2,000,000 
 
 No. acres coal land 2,500,000 
 
 No. acres iron ore land 1,500,000 
 
 No. acres prairie land 1,800,000 
 
 By the above it will be seen that only 5,000,000 of the 33,500,000 
 acres of land in the State are under cultivation ; that there are still 
 in the State subject to homestead entry, 5,000,000 acres. 
 
 Apropos of the above the following table reveals some interesting and 
 surprising facts. It shows the comparative values of the farms and 
 their products in some of the leading agricultural States : 
 
 STATES. 
 
 California .. 
 Arkansas .. 
 
 Nebraska... 
 
 Iowa 
 
 Kansas 
 
 Minnesota.. 
 
 Mississippi 
 
 VALUE OF 
 FARMS. 
 
 $262,051,282 
 74,249,655 
 
 105,932,541 
 507,430,227 
 235,178,631 
 193,724,260 
 275,633,307 
 
 LIVE STOCK. 
 
 $ 35,500,417 
 20,472,425 
 
 33 440,265 
 124,715,103 
 60,907,149 
 31,904,821 
 95,785,282 
 
 PRODUCTS. 
 
 $ 59,721,215 
 43,796,261 
 
 31,708,914 
 36,103,073 
 52,240,561 
 49.468,967 
 95,912,660 
 
 It will be seen by these figures that the value of the farms of Arkansas 
 is the least of any of the States enumerated, varying from 50 to 700 per 
 cent less ; that the total value of farm products is about the average of 
 the seven States, some of them being the richest agricultural States in 
 the country ; that the percentage of products to value of farms of Ar- 
 kansas is from 50 to 800 per cent greater than that of the other seven 
 States. When it is taken into consideration that only 5J)00,000 acres of 
 Arkansas' total of 33,000,000 acres are under cultivation, the total prod- 
 
ARKANSAS. 
 
 23 
 
 uct of nearly $44,000,000 reveals an interesting and startling fact, and 
 it would be well for those who are searching for a location where a 
 home may be obtained quickly and cheaply, and where toil receives its 
 greatest remuneration, to bear this fact in mind when comparing the 
 advantages offered by different localities. 
 
 It might be in place right here to give some of the reasons why the 
 farmer receives greater returns for his labor in Arkansas than in some 
 of the less favored States. In the first place, the superior quality of her 
 products is an important factor. Arkansas has repeatedly taken the 
 highest prizes for cotton and fruit over all competitors at the national 
 exhibits of those products. In the region about Pine Bluff a quality of 
 
 cotton, superior to 
 any in the world in 
 strength of fiber 
 is grown. An agent 
 of Clark Bros., the 
 famous cotton 
 thread manufact- 
 urers of London, 
 annually buys up 
 the total product of 
 this region and 
 ships it to London 
 to be manufactured 
 into the famous O. 
 N. T. thread. In 
 addition to always 
 carrying off the prize, Arkansas produces more cotton to the acre and 
 hand than any other State. The principal cause, however, of the 
 great returns from agricultural pursuits is the fertility of her soils, the 
 early season, and the adaptability of the State to the growth of all 
 kinds of fruits and vegetables. It is the only State in the West, south 
 of Mason and Dixon's Line, where these are grown in great quantities 
 for shipment. Arkansas commands the Western market with its early 
 products. Its fruits and vegetables are before all others in the markets 
 of St. Louis and Chicago, and always at the highest market prices. 
 Ready markets are found for all that can be raised. 
 
 Arkansas Fruit 
 
24 
 
 ARKANSAS. 
 
 The following figures show the average cash value per acre of all 
 crops taken together in the various States : 
 
 Alabama $13.49 
 
 Arkansas 20.40 
 
 California 17.18 
 
 Connecticut 16.82 
 
 Delaware 17.68 
 
 Florida 8.52 
 
 Georgia 10.35 
 
 Iowa 8.88 
 
 Illinois 12.47 
 
 Indiana 14.66 
 
 Kentucky 13.58 
 
 Louisiana 22.40 
 
 Massachusetts 26.71 
 
 Maine 13.51 
 
 Maryland 17.82 
 
 Michigan 18 96 
 
 Minnesota 110.29 
 
 Mississippi 14.76 
 
 Missouri 10.78 
 
 New Jersey 18.05 
 
 New York 14.15 
 
 New Hampshire. . v 13.56 
 
 North Carolina 10.79 
 
 Ohio 15.58 
 
 Oregon 17.11 
 
 Pennsylvania 17.68 
 
 Rhode Island 29.32 
 
 South Carolina 10.09 
 
 Tennessee.. 12.39 
 
 Vermont 11.60 
 
 Virginia ... 10.91 
 
 West Virginia 12.74 
 
 The above figures may open the eyes of some of our readers, especially 
 those of the North and East; but it is to be remembered that this 
 State is in the South, and, were the same attention given to preparing 
 Ihe soil and cultivating the crops as in the New England States, the 
 results would be still more astonishing. It should be remembered that 
 only a little more than one-seventh of the entire State is under cultiva- 
 tion, that large areas of the best fruit and farming lands are still unoc- 
 cupied, that the latest and most improved methods of farming and 
 fruit-raising are in use only in a few exceptional instances. With all 
 these disadvantages against her, yet standing, in the general average, 
 better than the best; with the tide of intelligent emigration setting 
 strongly in this direction; with change and improvement taking place 
 in all branches of industry, the outlook for the future prosperity and 
 rapid growth of Arkansas is bright indeed. 
 
ARKANSAS. 
 
 PRODUCTS 
 
 COTTON. 
 
 ^HE southern and southeastern portions of the State have eminently 
 the soil and climatic conditions for producing the great staple of 
 the South, cotton, and it is now a conceded fact, emphasized by first 
 premiums awarded her at every exposition where she has competed for 
 the past 20 years, notedly at St. Louis, Atlanta, Louisville, New 
 Orleans, and Chicago in 1893, that Arkansas is the queen of the South 
 in the production of this staple. To show the true position of this 
 State, agriculturally, as compared with other States, the following table 
 from United States Official Report is in evidence : 
 
 AVERAGE VALUE PER ACRE FOR THE PAST TEN YEARS. 
 
 States. 
 
 Corn. 
 
 Wheat. 
 
 Oats. 
 
 Potatoes. 
 
 Cotton. 
 
 Hay. 
 
 Virginia 
 
 North Carolina 
 South Carolina 
 
 Georgia 
 
 Florida 
 
 Alabama 
 
 Mississippi 
 
 Louisiana 
 
 Texas 
 
 ARKANSAS ... 
 
 Tennessee 
 
 Illinois 
 
 Iowa 
 
 Missouri 
 
 Kansas 
 
 Nebraska 
 
 46 
 15 
 
 1!) 
 81 
 22 
 69 
 
 8 47 
 
 9 54 
 9 52 
 
 10 07 
 
 8 92 
 
 9 38 
 8 63 
 8 94 
 7 90 
 7 58 
 
 $ 8 05 
 6 42 
 
 6 73 
 
 7 01 
 
 6 60 
 
 6 35 
 
 9 25 
 7 23 
 
 5 95 
 11 32 
 
 7 56 
 9 23 
 9 41 
 
 6 87 
 
 $4 73 
 
 4 56 
 
 6 18 
 
 5 85 
 
 7 04 
 
 6 36 
 
 6 40 
 
 7 07 
 9 98 
 
 7 68 
 
 5 20 
 
 8 95 
 7 34 
 
 6 96 
 6 44 
 5 78 
 
 $34 20 
 38 30 
 46 11 
 53 10 
 65 66 
 56 02 
 
 53 01 
 
 54 03 
 58 21 
 
 47 U 
 30 49 
 35 24 
 32 51 
 32 97 
 40 07 
 30 68 
 
 $13 96 
 
 16 25 
 14 40 
 13 11 
 
 11 16 
 
 12 43 
 
 17 31 
 20 83 
 16 92 
 
 20 08 
 16 54 
 
 $13 60 
 
 13 45 
 
 15 71 
 17 31 
 
 16 37 
 16 54 
 16 10 
 
 14 50 
 12 20 
 
 13 20 
 14 14 
 10 26 
 6 39 
 9 38 
 5 50 
 4 82 
 
 CORN. 
 
 It will be seen from the above that Arkansas takes a high position as 
 a corn producing State. It is a maxim among our old pioneer farmers 
 that one is always sure of a crop if he plants in March. With the 
 
ARKANSAS. 2? 
 
 employment of fertilizers, so freely used in other States, our average 
 yield could easily be doubled. Along our water courses are over 
 6,000,000 acres of the finest corn land in the world, while our "second 
 bench" and uplands yield equally with the ordinary prairies of the most 
 highly favored corn belt. With our corn production and mild, brief 
 winters, the problem of cheap meat is already half solved. 
 
 t 
 
 
 . f ft... 
 
 
 
 ■?v-.^. * - y n ^ /■■•< 
 
 Ifc&v S 
 
 ,. x r** vffiKo 
 
 Cotton Field in Arkansas. 
 
 The corn crop of Arkansas, as given by the last census was 33,982,318 
 bushels, or about 5,000,000 bushels more than that of Michigan, over 
 9,000,000 bushels greater than that of Minnesota, and four times as great 
 as the combined crop of all the New England States, with that of Colorado 
 and California thrown in for full measure. Since the census year 
 (1889), the acreage and yield of corn in Arkansas have been largely 
 increased. A further point to be noted in this connection is that our 
 early springs and late falls give a long growing season, furnishing 
 opportunity to raise two or even three crops of excellent fodder-plants 
 or vegetables on the same ground per annum, as, for instance: corn. 
 
28 ARKANSAS. 
 
 millet and turnips ; or early Irish potatoes, cow peas and turnips or 
 
 winter rye. 
 
 WHEAT AND OTHER PRODUCTS. 
 
 The northern half of the State has heretofore taken the lead in the 
 
 raising of wheat, but enough has been produced in almost every one of 
 
 the seventy-five counties to prove that it can be successfully grown all 
 
 over the State. The only reason why the farmers have not done so to 
 
 a greater extent is from the mistaken idea that there was more profit 
 
 in cotton than in any other crop, and that with cotton they could more 
 
 profitably buy bread, meat and forage than to raise them. These ideas 
 
 are rapidly passing away, and our farmers are becoming expansionists. 
 
 They may not be so politically ; this is not a political publication, and 
 
 has nothing to say on political questions, but it is nevertheless true 
 
 that the farmers of Arkansas are expansionists ; they are entering and 
 
 possessing themselves of new domains of agriculture ; have captured 
 
 the early Irish potato patch, the apple orchard and the strawberry 
 
 farm, and now they are annexing thousands of wheat fields, the low 
 
 price of cotton stimulating the production of this grain. 
 
 The clay uplands of Arkansas, along the line of the Iron Mountain 
 Route, like those of New York and Pennsylvania, are admirably suited 
 to the production of this grand cereal, and when farmed as those lands 
 are farmed, are found to be equally productive, yielding from fifteen to 
 thirty-five bushels per acre, and when it is remembered that these 
 lands can be bought of the land department of the Iron Mountain 
 Route, at from $3.50 to $5 per acre, the splendid opportunities held 
 out to farmers is apparent, and it is no wonder there are many 
 expansionists in this direction. 
 
 Chinch-bugs and midge are comparatively unknown in our State, 
 and wheat is singularly exempt from diseases. 
 
 We have not time or space here to take up each of our agricultural 
 products separately, but can only in a general way state the fact that 
 in addition to corn and wheat, oats, barley, millet, sorghum, cowpeas, 
 buckwheat, rye, etc., all do excellently well here, while as above 
 noted the length of our seasons gives many opportunities to good 
 farmers to double crop the same season. 
 

 
 <; 
 
 vv 
 
 ©si 
 
 Shannon Apple — 4 Years Oid. 
 
30 ARKANSAS. 
 
 FRUIT. 
 
 It is but about fifteen years since the first of Arkansas fruits began to 
 be shipped to and shown at the North. Now, she is known almost the 
 world over, having added to her former trophies those gained in 
 Chicago at the Columbian Exhibition for her superb display of apples. 
 Previous to this she had taken first awards wherever she had displayed 
 her magnificent fruit. 
 
 At the Cotton Centennial World's Fair, held in New Orleans 1884-85, 
 where 22,000 plates were exhibited, Arkansas not only received the 
 highest award for the best individual apple, the Shannon, but for the 
 largest and best collection she was awarded the gold medal and $200. 
 Indeed this exhibit was, without doubt, the finest and most extensive 
 ever made. 
 
 The Bural New Yorker in speaking of it said: "The Shannon apple 
 from Arkansas, a seedling of that State, received $25 in three premiums 
 — one of $10 for the finest and best apple, $10 for the best new apple, 
 and $5 for the best plate of apples." 
 
 The Farm and Garden, of Philadelphia, in speaking of the Shannon, 
 said " it was not only the best apple in the world, but Arkansas is the 
 best fruit State in the Union." 
 
 At a meeting of the American Pomological Society, held in Boston, 
 September 15, 1887, Arkansas exhibited sixty-eight new varieties of 
 apples, and was awarded the Wilder Medal, the highest honor in the 
 gift of the Society. She was also awarded the medal for the largest and 
 best collection of apples. 
 
 The Boston Herald, of that date, thus comments on the Arkansas 
 exhibit: ' 'It comprises one of the finest displays of fruit ever seen in 
 this part of the country. It is a revelation to New England horticul- 
 turists, and is receiving the attention it so justly merits. The collection 
 is entirely the product of Arkansas, and consists chiefly of apples and 
 pears. The display comprises sixty-six varieties of native seedlings, 
 by far the largest number ever shown in the United States. All of this 
 fruit is sound and of delicious flavor. The specimens are marvellously 
 large, and it seems almost incredible that such rich results are obtained 
 without employment of artificial aid. There are shown seventy varieties 
 of cultivated fruit, which, for size and appearance, distance anything 
 in the same line ever seen in this or any other Northern city. No State 
 in the Union, it would seem, can compete with her in this line, a fact 
 
ARKANSAS. 31 
 
 that is becoming known through the enterprise of those who wish to 
 see the State's vast fields settled up and under the hand of cultivation." 
 
 Close on the heels of the Boston exhibit, Arkansas appeared before 
 the American Horticultural Society, at Riverside, California, February 
 7, 1888, and carried off first honors on apples. Her exhibit was the 
 admiration of all visitors, and consisted of sixty-eight varieties, twenty 
 of which were seedlings exhibited at Boston. When we remember the 
 thousands of miles traveled, the changes in temperature, the long time 
 in which both color and flavor were preserved, we doubt if any apple 
 grown elsewhere would have passed through such a severe ordeal suc- 
 cessfully. The Riverside Press said: "It was the grandest display of 
 apples ever made on the Pacific Coast. The whole collection was a 
 surprise, not only to our California people, but to many prominent fruit 
 men from the Northeast, who had not, heretofore, recognized Arkansas 
 as an apple-growing State." 
 
 At the American Institute, New York City, October, 1890, Arkansas 
 carried away every prize she entered for. Mr. Gerald Howatt, staff 
 correspondent of the Country Gentleman, Albany, N. Y., furnished his 
 journal with a full account, declaring that he never saw such a fine 
 display of apples, in appearance, size and quality, as those shown from 
 Arkansas. This means a good deal, coming, as it does, from Mr. 
 Howatt, who has been judge of fruits at the American Institute Expo- 
 sition for many years, and who has also been judge of fruits at Sacra- 
 mento and San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 But the questions will be asked, "Do apple trees in Arkansas come 
 into bearing early, or must one wait a half a lifetime for the first crop?" 
 Then again, "Do they continue long in bearing, or only bear a few 
 crops and die?" 
 
 After personal interviews with scores of apple growers in this State, 
 the writer can say that their testimony is that apple trees here begin to 
 bear at from five to six years from the nursery, and continue in bearing 
 from thirty to sixty years. 
 
 James Cline, of Ozone, has an orchard which has been in bearing 
 thirty years, and is now producing an annual yield of twenty-five 
 bushels to the tree. This is only one of thousands of like cases. 
 
 The fact is, the apple business of Arkansas has passed beyond the 
 experimental stage, and is an assured success ; hundreds of car loads of 
 
ARKANSAS. 
 
 33 
 
 this magnificent fruit being shipped out each year from each of the main 
 shipping towns in the apple belt. 
 
 Peaches, Pears, Plums, Etc — Arkansas is also pre-eminently a 
 peach country. Professor John C. Branner, now of Leland Stanford 
 University, California, in his recently published geological report upon 
 Southwestern Arkansas, pronounces it equivalent in soil, climate, etc., 
 with the celebrated peach growing regions of New Jersey. 
 
 The natural habitat of the peach is Persia and Asiatic Turkey, lying 
 between the parallels of 30 and 40 degrees of latitude. Arkansas being 
 
 Sorting Fruit for Market. 
 
 the very center of this belt, accounts for the perfection and profusion 
 which this fruit attains in the State. For years a budded peach tree 
 was unknown in Arkansas. Only seedlings were raised, but these were 
 so superior in quality that the need of the improved varieties was not 
 felt. Had these trees been grown at the North, hundreds of them 
 would have been given popular names and put on the market, becoming 
 at once famous and bringing fortunes to their owners. The seedlings 
 flourished for years without fame and name. The family wants were 
 supplied, and the remainder went in a vain attempt to fatten the old 
 style of Arkansas hog. This regime is wholly changed in some sections, 
 
34 ARKANSAS. 
 
 and the disintegration of the old ideas is going on throughout the 
 whole Stale rapidly. The cultivation of this fruit is receiving the same 
 attention as in the North and East. All the improved varieties have 
 been introduced, and the superiority of Arkansas peaches is appreciated 
 in all the Western and Southern markets. Along the line of the St. 
 Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railway, the greater part of the peach 
 crop is raised and shipped. The trees commence to bear three years 
 from the seed, and such is their vigor that they are rarely injured by 
 borers, and the curl and yellow leaf are not known to have affected 
 Arkansas orchards. 
 
 Some of the best varieties ripen in May. This gives growers full 
 command of the earliest Northern markets when fruit is in greatest 
 demand, and prices are highest. 
 
 Pears and plums, with the same care and attention given them in 
 other States, yield excellent returns in all parts of Arkansas, the latter 
 having been shipped in car load lots from some points. But a great 
 field is still open to those who will cultivate the above named fruits, 
 especially plums of the Japanese varieties, which are of delicious 
 flavor, bear abundantly, are almost if not entirely free from the 
 depredations of the curculio, and sell for an excellent price in Northern 
 markets. 
 
 Strawberries and Grapes.— The culture of strawberries for ship- 
 ment is another business that has grown up within the past few years 
 from zero to large proportions, and, like the apple and peach business, 
 is making those rich who are engaged in it. Several of our towns have 
 shipped each over 60,000 crates, 24 boxes to a crate, the past season. 
 The Arkansas strawberries have a high reputation in Northern markets, 
 and command the best prices. 
 
 Our hillsides and valleys are the native home of the grape. Here are 
 found, growing wild, large, luscious, translucent grapes, that fifty years 
 ago attracted the attention of Nicholas Longworth, the great fruit con- 
 noisseur of Cincinnati, and to-day our commercial vineyards supply the 
 larger cities of our State with magnificent Ives, Concords, Moore's 
 Early, Niagaras, Delawares, Wyoming Red, etc. The production is not 
 heavy enough as yet to leave much surplus to ship to Northern markets. 
 
ARKANSAS. 35 
 
 VEGETABLES. 
 
 u Shall I have to do without Irish potatoes, onions, cabbages, beans 
 peas, and the other vegetables I have been used to in my native State, 
 if I come to Arkansas?" 
 
 No, my dear sir, you can raise all these and all other vegetables of the 
 North and East in profusion, and of fine size and most excellent quality. 
 We know the idea has obtained that Irish potatoes could only be grown 
 here as a very early crop, but of late years the experience of our farm- 
 ers has proved that not only can a very early crop be grown success- 
 fully, but that late planted potatoes, in fact a second crop with seed 
 from the first crop on the same ground, yield superbly and keep in fine 
 condition the year round, furnishing better seed for the next season's 
 planting than imported Northern potatoes. 
 
 The following article, taken from the columns of one of our State 
 papers, will give some idea of what is being done in a large way upon 
 one of our hill farms and what can be done by any man having energy 
 and "gumption." 
 
 ''Most of our readers are somewhat familiar with the history of the 
 Poole fruit and potato farm at Ozark, Franklin county, Arkansas, and 
 know that Mr. Poole does nothing by halves. When he goes after pre- 
 miums at our county, district or State fairs, he carries home blue ribbon 
 enough to decorate one side of his "living room." It is the way he is 
 built. He can't help it. So when he raises potatoes, there is no half 
 way work about it, and for his sweet potato crop this year he has in bed 
 and growing nicely 500 bushels for sets, or slips. This is one side of 
 his potato patch. On the other side will be 400 to 500 bushels of Irish 
 potatoes planted. And between the two nether ends of this patch he 
 expects to grow thirty, fifty, seventy— yes, and with good luck, 80,000 
 bushels of potatoes. Mr. Poole is no uncertain farmer. His land always 
 has its seedtime, that is his; and its certain harvest, that is God's. 
 Like Paul, Poole plants and God gives gloriously. For nine successive 
 years, without fertilizing or changing his seed, Mr. Poole has grown 
 immensely large crops of potatoes — two crops each year. He plants in 
 February for early spring shipments, and for seed and his main crop 
 in July." 
 
 In an adjoining county a Mr. George Payne planted in July 1893, on 
 plateau land, "up on the mountain," he called it, 7 acres of Irish potatoes, 
 
ARKANSAS. 37 
 
 of the Peerless variety, himself and his young son doing all the work of 
 plowing, planting and cultivation. In the fall he harvested from this 
 patch 810 bushels of sound, fine merchantable potatoes, and sold them 
 at an average price of 50 cents per bushel. 
 
 Mr. Treimer, an old German farmer, on chocolate, sandy land, near 
 Clarksville, got from one acre by planting two crops on the same land, 
 400 bushels, two hundred and twenty-five bushels the first crop, and 
 one hundred and seventy-five bushels the second. Both these crops 
 and that of Mr. Payne had no manuring or other fertilization whatever, 
 and both were on land that had been in cultivation for many years. 
 
 Quoting from the correspondence of one of our daily papers, we give 
 the following, in regard to cabbages. 
 
 "Eleven miles north of Ozark, lives Mr. George Warnock, who last 
 year set out about three-fourths of an acre of cabbages. He sold B. L. 
 Jones an Ozark merchant at one time $156 worth of cabbage from his 
 little patch besides which Mr. Jones told the writer that he bought 
 several other w r agon loads of him from the same ground." — Arkansas 
 Daily Press, May 18, 1894. 
 
 Onions grow large, fine, sweet and sound, both from sets or seed, on our 
 Arkansas soils ; beans, peas, beets, tomatoes, cucumbers, squashes, sweet 
 potatoes and all other vegetables, are grown here in bountiful profusion. 
 
 GRASSES, PASTURAGE AND LIVE STOCK. 
 
 The South is eminently a grass country, having hundreds of varieties 
 of native grasses, and while it is found that the cultivated grasses of 
 the North do remarkably well, other excellent varieties tbat cannot be 
 grown at the North also thrive here and are exceedingly profitable. 
 
 Every farmer in Arkansas can have his permanent pastures 
 and meadows. The raising of abundant crops of hay and grass 
 at the South is no longer an experiment, and it is proven that bountiful 
 supplies of nutritious fodder can be produced here with infinitely less 
 labor and expense than by the old corn fodder pulling system. 
 
 BERMUDA, THE BLUE GRASS OP THE SOUTH. 
 
 Not content with the annexation of orchards, truck farms and 
 wher.t fields, Arkansas farmers upon the uplands along the line of 
 the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern, and Little Rock & Fort 
 

 "*>%&■ 
 $ 
 
ARKANSAS. 39 
 
 Smith Railways, are now expanding in the direction of Bermuda grass 
 pastures. Having discovered the great value of this grass, they 
 are annexing it to their crop possessions. It costs almost nothing 
 to establish a Bermuda grass pasture, as small pieces of sod are the 
 only seed required, and when once set it is permanent, never dying 
 out or needing resetting or further cultivation. A third item is that 
 stock of all kinds are excessively fond of it, and it is very sweet, 
 nutritious and fattening. It furnishes, during eight months of the 
 year, the finest feed for young stock, beef cattle or milch cows, 
 and is cheaper and better for this latitude than any other known 
 forage. The hottest and driest weather does not kill it, neither does 
 close feeding or trampling, and it will thrive on almost any kind of 
 land, poor or rich, clay or sand. The possession of this grass gives 
 grand possibilities for cattle raising and dairy farming in Central 
 Arkansas upon the splendid uplands along the line of the Iron 
 Mountain Route. 
 
 Alfalfa succeeds admirably in Arkansas without irrigation, and, like 
 Bermuda grass, when once established it is perennial, and costs noth- 
 ing to maintain it. Fall or winter-sown clovers also do remarkably 
 well here, as do also most all varieties of cultivated grasses, affording 
 abundant hay and pasturage. 
 
 The availability of these food supplies, and of the cheap, fattening 
 foods found in cotton seed, cotton seed meal and cotton seed hulls, 
 together with abundant fine stock water, and almost no winter at all, 
 make this State pre-eminent as a cattle raising country, while hogs do 
 excellently well on the great timber ranges, getting their own living 
 from the plentiful mast, a few bushels of corn at last putting them in 
 fine condition for market. 
 
 DAIRY PRODUCTS. 
 
 The farmers of Arkansas have long been in the habit of producing a 
 limited supply of butter for their own use, and perhaps a few pounds for 
 sale, but it is only within the past fifteen or twenty years, since 
 improved breeds of cattle, such as tl.e Jersey, Holstein, etc., have 
 
40 ARKANSAS. 
 
 been introduced, the finer tame grasses have been found to succeed 
 here, and Northern immigration has begun to pour in, that much 
 has been done in a commercial way in the manufacture of butter 
 and cheese. Now, in some four or five localities, there are well 
 established creameries, turning out their, thousands of pounds of 
 sweet yellow butter that holds its own in our cities in competition 
 with the products of Northern dairies. 
 
 A splendid quality of cheese is also made at one cheese factory here, 
 and what is being done in butter and cheese in these few localities 
 ought to be duplicated in every county of the State that has a railroad 
 running through it. 
 
 MINERALS. 
 
 To the mineralogist, Arkansas is an interesting region. In variety of 
 useful minerals she is not outranked by any other State. 
 
 The coal fields of Arkansas are very extensive, covering an estimated 
 area of 12,000 square miles, and in the valley of Arkansas, where coal 
 mining is most largely prosecuted, the beds average a thickness of four 
 feet. The most valuable deposits of this mineral are found in 
 the counties of Sebastian, Scott, Logan, Franklin, Johnson, Pope and 
 Yell. But a small portion of this vast coal deposit is being developed. 
 
 The lignite coal commences a few miles south of Little Rock and 
 extends into Texas, comprising. a larger area than any other coal field in 
 the United States. This variety of coal has of late been extensively 
 mined in Germany. Last year over 15,000,000 tons were used in varioi 
 manufactures. 
 
 Iron. — In the hilly regions, including the counties of Pulaski, Craw- 
 ford, Dallas, Saline, Grant, Hot Spring, Independence, Izard, Law- 
 rence, Logan, Madison, Pike, Polk, Sevier, Sharp, Searcy, Van Buren, 
 Howard, Cleburne, White, Montgomery and Scott, magnetic, hematite, 
 limonite, carbonate, and specular iron ores are found in large quanti- 
 ties. The hematite iron beds in some places crop out upon the surface 
 acres in extent. In many places this iron is situate in close proximity 
 to the coal and limestone. The iron interest of the State has not been 
 in anywise developed. 
 
 Manganese. — In the county of Independence large deposits of an 
 excellent quality of manganese are found, and near the town of Bates- 
 ville, on the White River, mines of this ore have been opened within 
 
ARKANSAS. 41 
 
 the past twelve years, and many car loads are now shipped every 
 week to the steel works of the North and East. The St. Louis, Iron 
 Mountain & Southern Railway has a branch road running to these mines. 
 
 In Central and Southwestern Arkansas, in the counties of Pulaski, 
 Hot Spring, Montgomery and Polk, is found another zone of this 
 metal, but as there are no good shipping facilities at present near 
 these deposits, but very little development work has been done. It is 
 a valuable mineral, and the ores of Arkansas are of superior grade and 
 bear a good price. 
 
 Zinc. — Zinc ore, in great abundance, is found in Marion, Searcy, 
 Boone, Lawrence, and adjacent counties. It is attracting large atten- 
 tion from miners and capitalists, a number of paying mines have been 
 opened, the ore from some of them assaying as high as 67 per cent 
 metal. This promises to afford one of the best paying industries of 
 North Arkansas. The ores are both carbonate and blende, and the 
 deposits crop out in many places, and are found from the grass roots 
 down, both in placer (horizontal) deposits and in true fissure veins. 
 
 The great need of this district is better shipping facilities, though 
 even now ore worth $20 to $40 per ton is being shipped to St. Louis at a 
 cost of from $3 to $5 per ton. With the coming of railroads, now under 
 survey and contract, a new impulse will be given to this industry, and 
 millions of tons will be shipped from these vast fields. 
 
 Arkansas took first award at the Chicago Columbian Exhibition upon 
 her zinc ores, among her exhibits there was one piece of ore weighing 
 over 12,000 pounds. 
 
 Lead. — Arkansas promises to afford considerable lead ore. This 
 mineral is found in most of the mountainous sections of the State ; that 
 found in the counties of Pulaski, Sevier, Polk, Montgomery and 
 Howard is rich in silver. 
 
 Copper in the form of carbonate and sulphuret has been found in 
 various parts of the State. The largest deposit was found a few years 
 ago in Marion county. There can be no question but that this is a rich 
 and valuable deposit. 
 
 Other Minerals. — Rich deposits of antimony have been found in 
 Sevier county, kaolin, or porcelain clay, of the best quality is found in 
 many counties of the State. The best deposits are in the counties of 
 Hot Spring, Saline, Howard, Ouachita and Pulaski. In the latter 
 
42 ARKANSAS. 
 
 county it can be mined at small expense by stripping the light 
 soil which covers it. This clay is used in the manufacture of the finer 
 porcelains. 
 
 Extensive beds of gypsum, often crystalized into selenite, are found 
 in the counties of Pike, Bradley and Howard, and these gypsums are 
 valuable both for the manufacture of plaster of paris and land plaster 
 for fertilization. In the southwest portion of the State are also found 
 deposits which are declared by eminent authority to be most valuable, 
 namely : 
 
 Marls, Chalks and Greensands. — These are found in the counties 
 of Clark, Pike, Howard, Sevier, Little River and Hempstead. Professor 
 Branner, who now fills the chair of geological science at Leland Stan- 
 ford University, California, in his lately published report of his geological 
 survey of Arkansas, declares that these deposits used as fertilizers are 
 "more valuable than all the gold of California." 
 
 The superficial extent of these beds, examined by Professor Branner, 
 is a triangle some 100 miles in length, and the depth were exposed or 
 the banks of rivers, about 80 feet thick. The different strata he describes 
 as "finely comminuted, blue, arenaceous gypsiferous sands and clay marl, 
 with fossils. Pure, massive saccharoidal gypsum; fossiliferous bands oi 
 fissile, arenaceous limestone ; fine grained sands and marl, with irregular 
 deposits of lignite and bones of saurians, etc." 
 
 In the immediate neighborhood of these vast beds of natural fertilizers, 
 are the Rocky Comfort chalks, of which there is a surface exposure of 
 about 20 square miles, and another outcrop at White Cliffs on Little 
 River. The professor shows by tables of analysis, that these chalks, 
 and the clays found near by, are identical with those used at Medway, 
 England, where the best Portland cement is manufactured. Of Port- 
 land and other kindred European cements we imported into the United 
 States in the year 1892 over 1,000,000 casks. Surely here is a great 
 opening for capitalists : Materials in endless amount, of the best quality, 
 upon the very top of the ground, and the United States and South 
 American countries for a market! 
 
 Bauxite. — We have in Pulaski and Saline counties valuable and large 
 deposits of this rare mineral, from which aluminum and alum are manu- 
 factured. It should receive more attention than has yet been given it. 
 
 Marble.— The deposits of marble in this State are greater than that of 
 anv other State in the Union. The larger portion of the marble of the 
 
ARKANSAS. 43 
 
 State is similar in color to that of the Tennessee marble, we have also 
 pink, gray and white, and in the counties of Independence and Searcy 
 a black marble is found ; all are capable of receiving a high polish. A 
 very valuable quality of lithographic stone has been discovered in Izard 
 and Independence counties, which compares favorably in firmness of 
 texture and freedom from flaws with the best imported stone. Nitre and 
 paint earths are found in great quantities, the latter yielding many 
 shades of color and being free from grit. 
 
 Roofing slate is found in the counties of Pulaski, Saline, Polk, Pike 
 and Sevier. This slate, in point of durability, evenness of cleavage and 
 beauty of color is equal to the celebrated slates of Vermont. Quarries 
 are being opened in Pulaski and Saline counties. Granite of superior 
 quality is found within a few miles of Little Rock. The celebrated 
 Hot Springs hone-stone is found in Garland county in inexhaustible 
 quantities, as is also the Ouachita whetstone. Serpentine is also found 
 in Pulaski and Saline counties, while building stone — both lime-stone 
 and sand-stone of superior quality — is found in two-thirds of the coun- 
 ties of the State. These rich mineral resources of the State are but little 
 developed and present a grand opportunity for profitable investment. 
 Petroleum and natural gas have been found in Logan and Sebastian 
 counties, but as yet there has not been sufficient prospecting done to 
 determine the amount or extent of the field, but as the work progresses, 
 the indications are most promising. Then we have fine beds of soap- 
 stone or steatite, said to be the only deposit of this mineral now known 
 in the Mississippi Valley. 
 
 Last, but not least, we have a great wealth of valuable clays suitable 
 for stoneware, brick, fire brick, and in connection with our shales, for 
 the manufacture of vitrified paving brick. 
 
 TIMBER. 
 
 It is a greater drawback to farming to be wholly without timber than 
 to have too much of it to start with. A part of the land of Arkansas is 
 prairie, but a large portion of it is heavily timbered. The timber of 
 our country is rapidly becomiDg exhausted, and in Arkansas are to be 
 found the only large bodies of timber still untouched. They are of the 
 greatest variety and the most useful and valuable to be found in the 
 world. The timber of Michigan and the North is being rapidly 
 
ARKANSAS. 
 
 45 
 
 exhausted; lumbermen are turning their attention toward Arkansas, 
 and in a few years it will be difficult to obtain such land, and prices 
 will be ten times what they now are. 
 
 North of the Arkansas River the forests are mostly composed of the 
 deciduous trees of the Mississippi basin, through which isolated belts 
 occur, often of considerable extent, in which the short-leaf pine, the 
 only species found in northern Arkansas, is mixed with the hard- 
 woods. The western part of the State, south of the Arkansas 
 River and west of the broad level plain of the Mississippi River, is 
 
 Stave Factory, Jackson County. 
 
 covered outside of the river bottom lands with an almost continuous 
 forest of pine. Great bodies of cypress cover the low lands that 
 stretch along the eastern border of the State, or line the bottoms of the 
 White, Arkansas, Ouachita and Red Rivers. The hardwood forests of 
 the State are unsurpassed in variety and richness, and contain inestima- 
 ble varieties of the finest oak, walnut, hickory and ash timber. It has 
 only been within the last twenty years that pine lumber has been 
 manufactured, except to supply a limited local demand. The forests 
 of Arkansas have received comparatively little damage from fire. 
 
 The amount of short-leaf pine standing in Arkansas in 1892 is 
 estimated at 40,000,000,000 feet board measure. The above estimate 
 does not include trees below 15 inches in diameter, and ignores the fact 
 
46 
 
 ARKANSAS. 
 
 that in Arkansas, pine largely replaces pine, which would insure a con- 
 tinued supply. During the year 1892, $20,000,000 worth of lumber was 
 shipped out of the State, requiring 100,000 cars for its transportation. 
 
 When the attention of manufacturers is turned to the immense timber 
 supply of this State, and to the fact that the Southwest is no longer the 
 sparsely settled country it formerly was, that it is rapidly filling up with 
 intelligent, enterprising people, that it is rapidly becoming an excellent 
 
 market for furniture, wagons, agricultural implements, -stoves, paper, 
 chairs, railway cars, and other manufactured articles, the wealth of 
 Arkansas will be greatly increased by reason of the transfer of old, and 
 the putting up of new manufacturing plants here. 
 
 For the benefit of readers who are not familiar with the products of 
 this State, we will state that more than sixty kinds of wood are found 
 in sufficient quantity for commercial purposes, consisting in part of 
 pine, oaks in variety, black walnut, cherry, holly, ash, hickory of every 
 kind found on the American continent, cypress, poplar, gum, beech, 
 pecan, sycamore, elm, cotton wood, cedar, and many others; enabling 
 Arkansas to supply her less favored neighbors with cheap building 
 material and cabinet woods. 
 
 A few years more and the opportunity to secure this timber at 
 reasonable figures will be among the things of the past. The operators 
 of saw mills, machinery, barrel works, wagon and agricultural shops 
 and furniture establishments, are now attracted to these new lands and 
 the forests. Formerly the timber was prepared roughly, to be finished 
 
ARKANSAS. 
 
 47 
 
 in other places. For fine work there was scarcely a turning lathe in 
 the country, yet the same materials are repassed by the railway, 
 polished up for sale to the people, and to find markets even in Texas 
 and Mexico. 
 
 The White River in the Ozarks. 
 
48 ARKANSAS. 
 
 SPRINGS AND RESORTS. 
 
 / 
 
 7(® | RKANSAS is the land of springs, furnishing pure, cold, life- 
 J^jL giving waters, and here are also to be found many springs 
 whose waters hold in solution various mineral properties healing 
 certain classes of diseases which afflict the human race. Nature 
 provides her own remedies, and has been very profuse in scattering 
 them throughout Arkansas. The many smaller springs to be found 
 in the mountain districts are overshadowed by the fame of Hot 
 Springs, Eureka, Heber, Searcy and Ravenden. There is scarcely a 
 county in the hilly or mountainous part of the State that does not 
 number from one to many of these mineral springs within its borders. 
 The only ones known, however, outside of the State are those men- 
 tioned above, and the following brief description is as much as a work 
 of this kind, which is devoted more particularly to the industrial 
 resources of Arkansas, will allow. 
 
 HOT SPRINGS. 
 
 History gives us reasonable assurance that DeSoto discovered the Hot 
 Springs, and spent one winter in camp at that point. They were known 
 to the Indians long before the white man's foot had wakened the forest 
 echoes west of the Mississippi. The sick from all the surrounding 
 tribes were brought there to be cured of diseases that baffled their med- 
 icine men. Their fame spread among all the southern tribes, and it 
 was from these reports that Ponce De Leon conceived the idea of the 
 Fountain of Youth, for which he searched in vain for many weary 
 years. The early French settlers were the first to discover the true 
 value of these thermal springs for healing diseases. During the early 
 part of the present century French settlers, trappers and voyagers, made 
 temporary use of these springs for the treatment of sick members 
 of their families. Several log cabins were built in the valley, and they 
 were refitted and used by any who chanced to come. 
 
 The Hot Springs are situated on one of the lower spurs of the Ozark 
 Mountains, about sixty miles southwest of Little Rock. The surface of 
 the surrounding country is mountainous and broken enough to rob it of 
 all monotony, and add a large item of interest to a sojourn in the health 
 valley of Hot Springs. 
 
ARKANSAS. 49 
 
 These springs are reached from the North and East by way of St. 
 Louis and the Iron Mountain route. Three trains every day run from 
 St. Louis in connection with trains from all through trunk lines to that 
 point, and are equipped with Pullman Buffet Sleeping Cars and Reclin- 
 ing Chair Cars, the seats in which are free. Travelers from the 
 South arrive at Texarkana and take the Iron Mountain route from that 
 point. The Iron Mountain route may be taken from the East at 
 Memphis, and passengers are carried from that city via Little Rock 
 to Malvern, where the change is made to the Hot Springs Railroad to 
 Hot Springs, a distance of twenty-five miles. 
 
 These Springs are one of the great natural curiosities of the world. 
 Seventy-two streams of hot mineral waters issue from the mountain 
 side, from 50 to 75 feet above the valley, and from 650 to 700 feet above 
 sea level, and pour their liquid streams of health forth for the afflicted 
 of all the earth. These waters have proven efficacious in many diseases 
 where medical skill has been baffled. They are, therefore, at the same 
 time the Mecca toward which the ill and afflicted turn for relief, an 
 object of curiosity for the sight-seer, and a favorite resort for the 
 pleasure seeker and tourist. They are annually visited by thousands. 
 Society is of the best, and many permanent and beautiful homes have 
 been built. 
 
 The following diseases are successfully treated, the failure to cure 
 being the exception; where a perfect cure is not effected, a benefit is 
 experienced by all where the waters are properly used: Rheumatism, 
 Gout, Scrofula, Paralysis, Neuralgia, Ozena, Catarrh, Sore Throat, 
 Syphilis — acquired or hereditary, in all its different forms — Asthma, 
 Gravel, Diseases of the Kidneys and Bladder, Eczema, Psoriasis, 
 Urticaria, Impetigo, Prurigo, Rupia, Chronic Ulcers, Glandular Enlarge- 
 ments, Ring Worm, Migraine, or Sick Headache, Enlarged Tonsils, 
 Menstruation Troubles and Sterility. This a long list, yet the truth 
 is not half told. Not a week passes but some remarkable cures are 
 effected where all hope of recovery had been abandoned before a visit 
 to these springs had been concluded upon. 
 
 An important item to visitors, and especially to the invalid, is a good 
 hotel. Several of the hotels of Hot Springs are first-class, they are large 
 and well-built houses, and in cuisine and appointments unsurpassed. 
 
 The Eastman Hotel, one of the grandest resort hotels in the 
 United States, containing 480 rooms, was opened for the first time 
 for the season of 1889. Another equally as magnificent, although 
 
t- 
 
 
 
 £2 
 
 loo/' 
 
 " fit 
 
 En- * In!- ' : ; '.fS-- J llBP 
 
 ;i ^SHS 
 
 r -&;f * 
 
 
 
 
 
ARKANSAS. 51 
 
 not so large, is the Park. The Arlington and Avenue Hotels 
 can accommodate over 300 guests each; the Sumpter, Plateau and 
 Waverly Hotels have room for about 100 each. With all the improve- 
 ments now being made at the different hotels and boarding-houses, 
 and the new ones that are being added to the list, there are accommo- 
 dations for 6,000 visitors at one time, and allowing thirty days as an 
 average time for visitors to remain here, there could be entertained at 
 our hotels and boarding-houses 50,000 or 60,000 visitors in one year. 
 
 There are ten or twelve houses that justly may be called hotels ; 
 the others are only boarding-houses, though some of them give as good 
 fare and accommodations as are to be had at some of the hotels. 
 Private boarding-houses are numerous, and there is quite a difference 
 between the cheapest of these and the high-priced hotels — $4 to $25 
 being the range of prices, per week. 
 
 RAVENDEN SPRINGS. 
 
 These perfectly pure waters come gushing from the base of an almost 
 perpendicular cliff, clear as crystal and very cold. Alongside runs a 
 small mountain stream, except in spots, where, with the work of ages, 
 it has made for its waters beautiful pools, some of them twelve and 
 fifteen feet deep. 
 
 The country is picturesque and romantic ; its elevation assuring pure 
 air and pleasant, comfortable nights, even during the summer months. 
 Plenty of game abounds throughout the surrounding hills and valleys; 
 and within a few miles fish fit to tempt the palate of an epicure can 
 be easily taken from Spring river, which is as clear, sparkling and beau- 
 tiful as its name would indicate. 
 
 Although these springs have been known but a few years, yet they 
 have a record of many remarkable cures of diseases. They are espe- 
 cially noted for curing dyspepsia, diseased eyes and affections of the 
 kidneys. Their discovery arose from the cure of a case of dyspepsia of 
 years' standing, the victim of that dread disease being a citizen of that 
 locality and accidentally led to the use of the water. They are situated 
 in the northwest corner of Randolph county, some thirty miles west of 
 the Iron Mountain road. This long ride by stage has deterred many 
 from going, but now that the opening of the Kansas City, Springfield 
 & Memphis road brings the traveler within four miles of Rayenden, 
 many will seek these waters who could not dare to venture heretofore. 
 
52 ARKANSAS. 
 
 HEBER SPRINGS, 
 
 At the town of Heber in Cleburne county, about 25 miles northwest 
 from Bald Knob, which is on the main line of the St. Louis Iron Moun- 
 tain and Southern Railway, are a cluster of wonderful healing springs, 
 known as Heber or Sugar Loaf Springs. 
 
 These springs are six in number, and are known as the Arsenic Spring, 
 Black Sulphur, Chalybeate, Eye, Red Sulphur and White Sulphur 
 Springs. They break out almost close together, several being within 
 from 10 to 15 feet of others, but are quite varied in their chemical and 
 medicinal properties, all are located on a plat of ten acres of ground 
 only. 
 
 They are attracting more and more attention each year, from the 
 wonderful cures wrought by their healing waters. The only drawback 
 to their more extended use has been want of railway communication, 
 but this we learn will soon be remedied by the construction of a branch 
 road from Bald Knob to Heber. 
 
 These remarkable springs are on the foot-hills of the Boston Moun- 
 tains, and near them is the picturesque defile known as the Harman 
 Gap; there are many beautiful drives, and near by runs the Little 
 Red River with ro antic turns and rocky walls, and this stream, 
 together with its sister stream, the Owl Fork of White River, about 
 fifteen miles further north, are fairly alive with excellent game fish ; 
 deer and wild fowl invite the sportsman to the dells and cool shady 
 nooks along the margins of the streams, or up the verdant hill sides 
 or through mountain passes. 
 
 These springs can now be reached by stage or private conveyance 
 from Searcy, to which a branch railroad runs from Kensett, on the 
 main line of the St. Louis Iron Mountain and Southern Railway, or 
 from Bald Knob. 
 
 In addition to these there are medicinal springs in different parts of 
 the State, such as Eureka, Pinnacle, Excelsior, Mountain Valley, 
 Hempstead County Lithia and hundreds of others of local or growing 
 reputation for their varied curative properties. 
 
ARKANSAS. 
 
 53 
 
 SEARCY SPRINGS. 
 
 The White Sulphur Springs are located at Searcy, in White County, 
 Ark., on the line of the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railway. 
 They are possessed of great healing properties, and are growing in 
 popularity every year. Hotel accommodations are good, and Searcy is 
 one of the most enterprising and progressive towns in the State. 
 
 Little Red River, Arkan$as. 
 
54 ARKANSAS. 
 
 EDUCATION. 
 
 tRKANSAS has a well organized public school system, with a 
 State Superintendent, and in each county an Examiner. 
 Provision is made in the Constitution of the State for the support of 
 public schools, requiring an annual tax of 20 cents upon each $100 of 
 taxable property, to be levied and collected for that purpose, in addi- 
 tion to a per capita tax of $1 upon each adult male inhabitant. The 
 territory of each county has been laid off by the respective county 
 courts into convenient school districts, which are managed by three 
 directors, elected by the people of the district. In addition to the 
 amount raised by State tax, each school district, by vote, can levy a 
 tax not in excess of 50 cents upon the $100 for the support of its public 
 schools. A large portion of the districts vote the full amount allowed 
 by law, making in the aggregate for school purposes, 70 cents on the 
 $100 of taxable property, together with a poll tax of $1. In towns and 
 densely populated neighborhoods this enables the schools to be kept 
 open for nine months in each year. In the sparsely settled sections the 
 schools are kept open for so long as the amount of money available will 
 justify. All are kept open at least three months in each year. Graded 
 schools have been established in all of the cities and in the larger towns 
 of the State. The Arkansas Industrial University, a State Institution, 
 is located at the town of Fayetteville, m the county of Washington. 
 For beauty and healthfulness its location is unsurpassed. The medical 
 department of this University is established at Little Eock, with a full 
 corps of Professors, composed of men eminent in the medical profes- 
 sion. The course of study embraces three years, and is very thorough. 
 A fine branch department for colored pupils is in successful operation 
 at Pine Bluff, with a competent corps of teachers, and a full course of 
 study. 
 
 FREE SCHOOLS. 
 
 The growth of her free schools within the last eight years has been 
 unexampled. Free schools are taught in every neighborhood, village, 
 town and city in the State, and thousands of children are receiving 
 education and being prepared at these schools for intelligent, useful 
 
56 ARKANSAS. 
 
 citizenship. The school statistics of 1892 show that there were then 
 about 3,000 public school houses in the State, about 5,641 teachers, and 
 about 300,000 pupils. For the year ending June the 30th, 1892, over 
 $1,000,000 were expended for educational purposes in the common 
 schools. Besides the public schools, there are in the State about twenty- 
 five colleges and private schools, including the Arkansas Industrial 
 University, the Institution for the Deaf Mutes, and the Arkansas School 
 for the Blind. It is no doubt a matter of astonishment to those who 
 have been wont to underrate our great State, that in proportion to her 
 taxable values, Arkansas does more free school education than any 
 State in the Union, the great State of Massachusetts not excepted. 
 The old log school house has passed away. In the towns this has 
 been displaced by more commodious and far more comfortable structures. 
 In these, architectural skill has been displayed, and a proper regard 
 for ventilation is evinced. Heat and the proper adaptation of light 
 is more clearly marked than in the older houses. 
 
 Every sixteenth section of land in each township of the State is 
 reserved by law for school purposes, and the permanent and sixteenth 
 section funds of the State now amount to about $500,000. 
 
 The report of the Superintendent of Public Instruction shows a grati- 
 fying condition of the growth of the public schools of the State. 
 
 The number of pupils enrolled 
 
 1868 67,412 
 
 1880 98,744 
 
 1885 175,935 
 
 1890 242,117 
 
 1891 251,452 
 
 Teachers employed 
 
 1869 1,355 
 
 1888 4,664 
 
 1892 5,641 
 
 The total amount of monies received for school purposes is as follows 
 in the years given : 
 
 1868 $ 300,669 
 
 1888 370,942 
 
 1892 1,087,276 
 
ARKANSAS. 
 
 57 
 
 HUNTING AND FISHING IN ARKANSAS. 
 
 pjj W many fishermen and hunters have sought patiently the realiza- 
 ftl tion of their dream of a sportsman's paradise, and yet found it 
 not — a charmed spot, where game and fish are ever present targets for 
 shot and ball, and eager for the gaudy fly and shining minnow. To 
 unhappy anglers who have suffered through long marches and gone 
 unrewarded, or have traveled far for little sport, the lakes and rivers of 
 Arkansas may be commended with a clear conscience. 
 
 Farm Scene, North Fork, Ark. — Matney's Knob in Distance. 
 
 Arkansas is truly the paradise of the sportsman. The tide of industrial 
 progress rolling westward drove the game before it. The northwest, the 
 favorite hunting grounds for years, is becoming rapidly depopulated of 
 bird and beast. In Arkansas only of the Mississippi Valley States is to 
 be found nearly all the original varieties of wild animals, birds and 
 fishes. It is true the larger game is disappearing before the rapid 
 settlement of the State. Bear are still found in some of the more 
 sparsely populated mountain districts, while deer are plentiful, and can 
 be frequently seen from the windows of moving trains quietly feeding 
 or drinking. 
 
58 
 
 ARKANSAS. 
 
 Crossing the northern boundary of Arkansas at Moark, the first station 
 of any importance is Corning, a favorite resort for fishermen from St. 
 Louis and other Northern points. Black river, three miles to the east- 
 ward, has an enviable reputation as a fishing stream, here, as elsewhere 
 in its course, and thoroughly deserves the good opinion of the anglers 
 
 sne — Arkansas. 
 
 who frequent its banks ; while almost within sight of the station Corning 
 lake spreads its placid surface in invitation to the dancing lure and tooth- 
 some minnow. The fame of Corning lake surpasses that of other Arkansas 
 waters, because it is oftener fished by parties living outside the State. It is 
 a good place to go for a few days' sport because of its convenience to the 
 
ARKANSAS. 
 
 59 
 
 railroad and the fact that boats are handy and can be had at any time 
 for a nominal sum, but there are hundreds of lakes as good, so far as 
 the mere matter of fish is concerned, scattered here and there through- 
 out the eastern portion of the "Bear State." Small houses for the con- 
 venience of visiting sportsmen have been built at different points on 
 Black river, and as they rent for a trifle, are in many ways preferable 
 to the impromptu camps generally erected as a temporary makeshift 
 without regard to the occupant's comfort. The forests in the vicinity 
 are well stocked with game, large and small, deer being particularly 
 abundant in the tract of country known as "Deer Range," lying east 
 of Black river. 
 
 Knobel, six miles farther down the road and beyond the crossing 
 of Black river, is the junction point of the main line of the St. Louis, 
 Iron Mountain and Southern and its Helena branch, and aside from its 
 
 natural advantages of location in 
 the heart of a first-class hunting 
 and fishing country, is also par- 
 ticularly desirable as a stopping 
 place for sportsmen, since it is 
 provided with good hotel accom- 
 modations and is in easy reaching 
 distance by rail of choice fishing 
 
 !% fl •-■"<■ BL^ and shooting on the St. Francis 
 
 t ^B^^^®*^ and L'Anguille rivers. Guides are 
 
 obtainable here, as well as con- 
 veyances for transferring tents 
 and camp outfits to the hunt- 
 ing grounds. Deer, turkeys and squirrels are easily found within six or 
 eight miles of town, and splendid fishing for bass, pickerel and crappie 
 in Mill, Maiden and Allen lakes, from two to four miles out. Cache 
 river, at this point not more than six miles from the railroad, is famous 
 for its game and fish; and after the fall rains have flushed its log- 
 impeded channel a canoe or skiff voyage down its current to its con- 
 fluence with White river, at Clarrmdon, two hundred miles below, 
 would be an experience that any sportsman would heartily enjoy. 
 
 Following a course parallel to that of the St. Francis river to 
 Helena, its terminal point, the branch road from Knobel offers to 
 
60 
 
 ARKANSAS. 
 
 sportsmen a score of stopping places, any of which may be selected 
 with confidence in the results. The famous Sunken Lands of the St. 
 Francis have been so often described in glowing terms that it is quite 
 unnecessary to grant them any of our limited space. Farther down, 
 where the river, confined between narrower banks begins to develop a 
 current and the impassable marshes give place to firmer soil, game is 
 found in undiminished quantity and its pursuit can be followed under 
 more favorable conditions. The name of the "Sunken Lands" is 
 attractive, and it would be difficult to find a section of country better 
 supplied with all that adds to the happiness of those who love the wild 
 life of the forest, but all of this — not even excepting the wonderful wild- 
 
 m 
 
 
 
 
 mL 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ., If 
 
 sRt^yl 
 
 ■Vl- 
 
 
 
 Hunters' Camp, near Hot Springs, Arkansas. 
 
 fowl shooting in season — can be enjoyed on the lower river beyond the 
 limits of this woodland lake. 
 
 Gainesville, the first town of any size on the branch after Knobel 
 has been left behind, has St. Francis lake in its vicinity which will 
 furnish sufficient employment for the men of rod and reel, while, as 
 elsewhere in this favored region, the gunners will never be at loss for 
 targets upon which to display their skill. Brookland in Craighead 
 and Hatchie Coon in Poinsett counties, stations of minor importance 
 in some respects, are, nevertheless, worthy of remembrance by sports- 
 men who may contemplate a visit to this portion of Arkansas,, for at 
 
ARKANSAS. 6l 
 
 such points the trails leading to the woods are usually short and often 
 indented throughout their length by the sharp hoofs of wandering deer 
 hungry for a meal of the farmer's peas or sweet potato vines. Vann- 
 dale and Wynne, in Cross county, are both noted points for deer 
 bunting, while the different lakes in the St. Francis and L'Anguille 
 bottoms, as well as both the rivers just named, afford an inexhaustible 
 supply of bass, jack-salmon, crappie, and the other fishes common to 
 this region. 
 
 Marianna, twenty-six miles north of Helena, is not far from the 
 confluence of the L'Anguille with the St. Francis, and between these 
 two streams, for some distance above their juncture, is a large scope of 
 unsettled country, at present the chosen haunt of the deer and bear. 
 Here, the gray wolf still pursues his quarry as in the days before rail- 
 roads had placed this wilderness within twelve hours of the South- 
 western metropolis, and the panther's scream occasionally frightens the 
 deer hunter from his stand or silences the sturdy challenge of the wild 
 gobbler. Before the non-exportation laws went into effect, a great deal 
 of game was shipped from this point, and enormous consignments of 
 buffalo and catfish, taken from the adjacent rivers, still go to Northern 
 dealers. Happily the shipment out of the State of other varieties is 
 rigidly prohibited, but the local angler can supply his table, throughout 
 the greater portion of the year, with the choicest of game fish, secured 
 with even the most primitive of tackle from the pool or stream most 
 convenient to his dwelling. 
 
 Probably 90 per cent of the sportsmen, who may chance to drift 
 down the main line of the Iron Mountain Route beyond Knobel, will 
 drop off at De La Plaine or O'Kean, feeling convinced from past expe- 
 rience, that the deer they are looking for can be easily found in the 
 white oak flats contiguous to the Cache; if not in the river bottoms 
 proper. The oak forests in the districts between the Black and Cache 
 rivers have been sadly depleted by the axes of lumbermen and tie- 
 makers, but the game still lingers in the old "chop-outs," though the 
 undergrowth, in localities, is rendering its pursuit difficult. Fishing is 
 good at both the points mentioned, but to enumerate the different lakes 
 and small streams within reach would be unnecessary. 
 
 From Walnut Ridge to Newport, at the crossing of White river, 
 the railroad passes through a belt of country similar in nature to that 
 
62 
 
 ARKANSAS. 
 
 just described, with Black and Cache rivers about equal distance on 
 either hand. Though settlements are scattered everywhere they are 
 not so thick as to interfere with hunting to any marked degree. The 
 hunter never goes away empty handed and when accompanied by 
 hounds often kills deer within sight of the different towns, and turkeys 
 forage the farmers' corn fields daily, while of smaller game therB is an 
 unlimited abundance. Walnut Ridge claims for one of its citizens a 
 record of five deer and twenty-five turkeys in one day, a score that will 
 
 Fishing Camp, on White River, Arkansas. 
 
 hardly be duplicated soon, but which speaks volumes for that localitv 
 as a hunting resort. Wolves, wild cats and small game add zest and 
 variety to the forest sports, and wherever fields of any size are 
 encountered, good quail shooting with or without a dog, is easily 
 obtainable. Newport, is perhaps one of the best fishing points in the 
 State, as it is located on White river not far from the mouth of Black 
 and within easy reach of Cache. Bass, salmon, crappie, pike and all 
 kinds of perch are plentiful in these streams, as well as in Burgon lake, 
 only three miles from the city, Gambol's lake about four and Waldo 
 
ARKANSAS. 63 
 
 lake not more than five. On the large farms and cotton plantations in 
 Big Bottom, some twenty miles up the White river branch, and Oil 
 Trough Bottom, directly across the river from the locality just named, 
 the lover of wing shooting can find quail to his heart's content. Here 
 the birds are rarely disturbed by the local gunners who consider such 
 small game unworthy of notice, and they are very numerous and easy 
 of approach. Batesville is the terminus of the White river branch, 
 and is located in the edge of the mountainous region that extends over 
 the entire Western half of the State. During the winter months, small 
 steamboats ascend the White river from Batesville to a point near the 
 Missouri line, nearly two hundred miles as the river runs, and most of 
 this distance is traversed amid scenery surpassing that along any other 
 navigable stream east of the Rocky Mountains. Of Arkansas' mountain 
 scenery, very little is known outside the State, but a rich harvest 
 awaits the literary wight who shall first catch with his camera and 
 describe with facile pencil the many points of beauty and interest lying 
 along the cliff-shadowed White, between its source and the point where 
 it leaves the hills to wander through forest and brake to the distant 
 Mississippi. Large game in the neighborhood of Batesville is less 
 abundant than at points lower down the river, but small game of all 
 description can be taken in quantities. 
 
 Bradfoed, on the main line below Newport, is in a good locality 
 for both hunting and fishing, being handy to White river and possessed 
 of all the advantages that such proximity supplies, while there is also a 
 first-class deer range in the hills some nine or ten miles to the westward. 
 Big lake, one mile east, and Little lake, about the ■same distance south, 
 are both famous for the quantity of fish they contain, as well as on 
 account of their unusual clearness, the bottom of either being visible 
 at a depth of twenty feet. Other lakes abound, furnishing splendid 
 fishing and good duck shooting in season. 
 
 Memphis is now the eastern terminus of the Memphis Extension 
 of the Iron Mountain route, and the completion of that branch made 
 accessible, both from the east and west, a large tract of country unsettled 
 and wild, and hitherto inaccessible, but which had long been known to 
 abound in all kinds of game and fish. No point can be said to surpass 
 another for hunting and fishing on this whole line, but at any point the 
 sportsman chooses to embark he will find plenty of food for his ammu- 
 
fi4 
 
 AEKANSAB. 
 
 nition, and fish eager to snap his bait. The first train from Memphis 
 took a party of hunters from that place, and almost immediately on its 
 opening the Bald Knob Rod and Gun Club was organized with head- 
 quarters at Earle, where they have erected a club house. The follow- 
 ing are the varieties of fish found : black bass, speckled perch, brim, 
 and pickerel. In game: he will find ample enjoyment in bringing 
 down deer, turkeys, geese, ducks, quail, rabbits, squirrels, etc. Bald 
 Knob Junction, the western terminus of this branch, was, until the 
 non-export interfered, the favorite hunting ground for a number of 
 market shooters, the flat woods, east of this point, fairly swarming with 
 deer in the winter when the overflow had driven them from the low 
 bottoms of White and Little Red rivers. In the winter of 1888-1889, 
 over two hundred deer were killed within six miles of Bald Knob, and 
 other seasons have seen this score exceeded. A great many bears still 
 roam through the cane brakes skirting the rivers, faring sumptuously 
 upon fresh pork whenever the fancy takes, and occasionally furnishing 
 a feast for the farmer whose smoke-house stands empty by reason of 
 their foraging. A description of the fishing in the neighborhood of 
 Bald Knob would be merely a repetition of an old story. Streams and 
 
 lakes are of precisely the 
 same character as those 
 mentioned in connection 
 with other points, the va- 
 riety of fish is identically 
 the same, and the most 
 persistent angler will 
 always secure the fullest 
 creel or heaviest string, 
 for the amount of his catch 
 is decided only by his 
 ability to bait hooks and 
 fight his fish. 
 
 From Bald Knob to Little Rock the main line passes through a 
 comparatively thickly settled district, gradually drawing away from the 
 course of the larger streams. In this stretch of fifty-seven miles large 
 game is scarce though by no means altogether lacking. Quail, squirrels 
 and rabbits afford abundant sport for those who prefer the shotgun to 
 
ARKANSAS. 65 
 
 the rifle, and turkeys frequent the field farthest from the farm houses, 
 and find ample cover for the protection of their young broods in the 
 belts of timber that still remain. As the Arkansas river is neared 
 wild goose and duck shooting is good in the proper season, and many 
 follow it as a profitable business, making five and six dollars a day. 
 This is particularly the case at McAlmont, on the main line, six miles 
 north of Little Rock, and here, too, fishing can be had fully equal to 
 any in the State. Hill's lake, five miles east, is much frequented by 
 fishermen from the surrounding country, while Frammel lake, one mile, 
 Peelar lake, two miles, and Ink bayou, scarcely one-half mile east of 
 town, all abound in bass, trout, pike and the different varieties of 
 perch. Deer and turkeys are frequently killed in this locality and all 
 sorts of small game is abundant. 
 
 And the Bend of his graceful bow is seen, 
 A glittering arch of silver sheen, 
 
 Spanning the wave of burnished blue, 
 
 And dripping with gems of river dew. 
 
 At Teaskwood, the first station north of Malvern, the angler will 
 receive intelligence of excellent fishing on every side, but will be some- 
 what surprised to find that the favorite method oi obtaining a supply of 
 the silvery-sided beauties is by spearing — or "rigging" as it is here 
 termed. In the Saline river and its numerous feeders, the water is 
 perfectly transparent, and, however deep the pools may be, the fish are 
 readily discovered, and as readily secured, by an expert hand with the 
 heavy, long-handled spear. At Donaldson, on the Ouachita, the same 
 method of fishing is generally pursued, though a great many fish are 
 shot with the rifle, in the use of which many of the residents of this 
 vicinity gain a remarkable proficiency. It requires a peculiar training 
 to enable any one to shoot fish in water of even moderate depth with 
 any certainty, but an expert shot rarely misses his aim and it is no 
 unfrequent feat to shoot a thirty or forty pound buffalo. In all the 
 earns and lakes of this region the water is so clear that a pin can be 
 ee'n lying at the bottom at a depth of ten feet, and so great is the 
 variety and number of fish that fishing with a hook is rarely under- 
 taken. At Donaldson deer are abundant and occasionally a bear is 
 found in the breaks of the hills bordering the Ouachita bottoms. 
 Where large game is easily found, it goes without saying, that there is 
 
66 ARKANSAS. 
 
 no scarcity of the smaller beasts and birds, and at all points south of th« 
 Arkansas river quail and squirrel shooting can be expected without the 
 possibility of a disappointment. 
 
 In this connection Arkadelphia can be mentioned as one of the 
 best localities in the State for quail shooting, second only to portions of 
 Calhoun and Union counties southeast of Camden. Clark county, in 
 which Arkadelphia is located, has been long noted for the richness of 
 its soil and the uniform success of its cultivators ; a goodly share of the 
 county is in cultivation, and in Arkansas wherever there are open fields 
 quail can be found by the hundreds and thousands. A good many old- 
 time deer hunters reside at Arkadelphia and still own and train their 
 packs of hounds, though deer in the immediate neighborhood of the 
 town are growing scarce and hard to "jump." The Ouachita furnishes 
 the best of fishing, and in the winter months the Arkadelphian finds 
 abundant use for his shotgun in attempting to halt the flight of the 
 ducks and geese that are following the river's course. 
 
 Camden, mentioned above, is the terminus of the Camden branch 
 and is thirty-four miles from the main line. This is one of the oldest 
 towns of the State, and was the supply point for a large scope of terri- 
 tory, in the days before the advent oi railroads, when the freight and 
 passenger traffic of the entire country was handled by steamboats. 
 Situated on the bank of the Ouachita, and with Woodard, Johnson, 
 Pine, Mormon, Blue and Fisher's lakes all to be reached over good 
 wagon roads in from thirty minutes to one hour, the angler who may 
 chance to visit this town will hardly suffer for lack of opportunity to 
 wet a line in waters fairly aswarm with bass, trout and perch. The 
 hotel accommodations at Camden are excellent, guides easily obtain- 
 able, and choice hunting grounds for large and small game close at hand. 
 
 Boughton, on the main line a few miles below Gurdon, is in a good 
 range for all-around hunting and fishing, the little Missouri and 
 Antoine rivers and Cypress bayou, with other smaller streams and 
 lakes supplying the wants of the most exacting of anglers, while all 
 varieties of game common to the States abound. At Hope, a short 
 branch line leads to Nashville, a prime point for all who love the. best 
 of sport. Red and Little Saline rivers, Little river and me Little 
 Missouri are all convenient and easy to reach, and the hunter who 
 penetrates their thickly grown bottoms should keep on the alert for a 
 
ARKANSAS. 67 
 
 shot at the largest of Arkansan game. Deer and wild turkeys are too 
 common to deserve special notice, and bears and panthers are sometimes 
 encountered. Washington, the first town reached on the branch, is 
 but little further from the big game range and has excellent quail 
 shooting in its vicinity. Fulton is another good stopping place for 
 sportsmen, its location on Red river making it a particularly desir- 
 able point for those who wish to get good fishing within rifle shot of a 
 hotel, with an almost endless range for hunting on either hand. Little 
 river which enters Red a short distance above Fulton can hardly be 
 improved upon as a fishing stream 
 and its name is connected with; 
 half the bear-hunting yarns told' 
 by the Nimrods of Southern Arkan- 
 sas. Deer can be found both in the 
 river bottoms and among the pine 
 and oak forests of the flat lands 
 and ridges, but still— hunting is 
 rarely resorted to — the majority of 
 the resident hunters preferring 
 hounding. Turkeys are about the only other game generally hunted, 
 though the woods are full of squirrels and rabbits, and the call of the 
 Bob White echoes through every clearing. 
 
 Conway, Mokrillton and Russellville are points on the Little 
 Rock & Fort Smith division, and all of them report good fishing in the 
 Arkansas river, as well as in the numerous small courses, that have 
 their source in the Boston mountains, flowing into the Arkansas from 
 the north. Small game is plentiful, and deer and turkeys can be found 
 in the hills a few miles back from the river r though not in any great 
 numbers. Piney, further west, is a more desirable point for hunting 
 than any of those just mentioned, and for fishing is, perhaps, as good. 
 Quail, squirrels and rabbits abound, as at all other points in the State, 
 and deer are frequently killed on Big and Little Piney creeks at no 
 great distance from the railroad. Wild geese and ducks are plentiful 
 on the sandbars of the river in the winter seasons. 
 
 Spadra is the first station on the Little Rock & Fort Smith division 
 west of Clarksville. Spadra creek is fed by mountain springs. Its 
 waters are as clear as crystal, and abound in mountain trout and a fine 
 
 »■ 
 
58 ARKANSAS. 
 
 variety of perch. The scenery along this stream has long been noted 
 for its beauty and picturesqueness, its rocky banks resembling an 
 Adirondack stream. The Arkansas river is near, where all the larger 
 varieties of fish are found. In hunting, deer is the largest game. Tur- 
 keys, ducks and squirrels furnish ample sport for the hunter in their 
 season. Higher up on the mountains great sport is afforded in hunting 
 the gray fox, which is very plentiful and valuable for its fur. 
 
 Fort Smith is the western terminus of the Little Rock & Fort Smith 
 division, and the region around about, especially to the north, south 
 and west, is one vast hunting and fishing paradise. The streams near 
 the city, in which black bass, pike, crappie and catfish abound, are Lees 
 creek, Vache Grasse and Frog bayou in the State, and the Poteau and 
 Illinois rivers and Vian and Salisaw creeks in the Territory. The fish- 
 ing is excellent, but for genuine sport the hunter, with his gun and dog, 
 has the call here. This sport is not confined to any particular locality, 
 but parties are organized and excursions are made a hundred miles to 
 the north, south and west, all of which territory is a vast hunting 
 ground abounding in all kinds of game. The hunter will go prepared 
 to shoot deer, foxes, turkeys, quail, ducks and chickens. Local sports- 
 men are to be found who are always ready to join and assist in 
 expeditions of this kind. 
 
 There now remains to be described the different points of interest 
 to sportsmen along the Houston, Central Arkansas & Northern. line, 
 a branch of the Iron Mountain Route, at present extending from Little 
 Rock to Alexandria, La., a distance of 305 miles. This line, through a 
 goodly portion of its length, is of comparatively recent construction 
 and renders accessible a vast stretch of unbroken forest but little 
 known to hunters from the outer world — a hunting ground of more 
 than ordinary merit, where the larger game can roam as far as 
 their fancy dictates without finding their way barred by the settler's 
 fence or encroaching upon the cleared fields that tell of civilization's 
 irresistible march. The road follows, for the first part of its distance, a 
 course parallel to that of the Arkansas river, though running from one to 
 fifteen miles to the southward of that stream. Then, turning abruptly 
 to the right, it bears away directly through the heart of Louisiana, 
 passing through some old, long-settled farming districts, and, finally, 
 plunging into the depths of the largest unbroken body of pine forest 
 
ARKANSAS. 69 
 
 that the United States now contains, to emerge at last on the banks of 
 the Red river at Alexandria. Every station in the entire distance 
 deserves some share of our notice, for each has its surroundings of 
 forest and stream ; each its enthusiastic sportsmen, proud of their own 
 hunting grounds and loth to concede that there are better farther on. 
 But want of space will forbid mention of many points that might well 
 rank with the best. 
 
 Wkightsville is twelve miles south of Little Rock, on the Arkansas 
 City division, and, as a center for hunting and fishing, is unsurpassed. 
 It is three miles from the Arkansas river, two and one-half miles from 
 Horseshoe lake, and one mile from Pennington lake, which is fed by 
 Fish creek. Pike, bass, cat, white perch, trout and sun fish are on the 
 constant lookout for the fisherman's hook. Commencing at Penning- 
 ton lake and extending westward to the Saline river is an expanse of 
 uninhabited region known as the Pennington Forest. This is composed 
 of pine and cypress timber, with large tracts of jungle and cypress 
 brakes. Deer and turkeys have their favorite haunts here and small 
 game abounds in unlimited quantities. 
 
 Redfield is on the Arkansas City section south of Wrightsville. 
 Deer, turkeys, squirrels, rabbits and quail abound in large quantities in 
 that vicinity, and the hunter will not have to go beyond a radius of ten 
 miles from town to satisfy his desire to kill something. In the way of 
 fishing, Harris and Lipscomb lakes, the Arkansas river, Bitter, Camp 
 and Harrison creeks, are all within three and a half miles of Redfield 
 and are well stocked with black bass, trout, jack perch, catfish and 
 buffalo. 
 
 Jefferson Springs is between Little Rock and Pine Bluff, on the 
 Arkansas City section, and has for fishing waters the Arkansas river 
 and its bayous, in which are found catfish, perch, black bass and 
 several other varieties in abundance. The woods in this vicinity have 
 plenty of deer, foxes, rabbits, opossums, squirrels, and, in their season, 
 turkeys, geese, ducks, and quail. Pigeons are also to be found in great 
 numbers. 
 
 Pine Bluff is the most important city on the Arkansas City divis- 
 ion, and is the center of excellent hunting and fishing territory. The 
 Saline river, Atkins lake and Clear lake abound in mountain trout, 
 speckled perch, black bass, catfish, etc., and splendid camping facilities 
 
■o 
 
 ARKANSAS. 
 
 are to be found around these lakes. The shooting is also fine, and deer, 
 turkeys, squirrels, rabbits, grouse, quail and ducks are easily bagged. 
 Occasionally a bear may be met, but they are becoming scarce. Foxes 
 are so common that fox-hunting has ceased to be sport for the old hun- 
 ters. The winter is very dry and pleasant, and after the first of 
 October this is a veritable hunter's paradise. 
 
 Noble Lake, on the Arkansas City section, has in its vicinity the 
 Arkansas river, Atkins lake and Noble lake, which are well-stocked 
 
 with trout, cat- 
 fish, buffalo, 
 speckled perch, 
 white perch and 
 sunfish. The 
 whole country 
 about this place 
 is a vast hunt- 
 ing ground in 
 which are found 
 large quantities 
 of deer, turkeys, 
 squirrels, rab- 
 bits, foxes, 
 geese , ducks 
 and quail. 
 
 Leaving No- 
 ble lake behind, 
 an ideal deer 
 country is found near Varner, the third 
 station beyond. The timber growth, which 
 between Little Rock and Pine Bluff was 
 principally pine, has changed again, and the broad flats lying along the 
 headwaters of Bayou Bartholomew are wooded with the different varie- 
 ties of oak, gum, elm and hickory. The undergrowth is rather close 
 here for rifle shooting, but a shotgun answers as well at close quarters, 
 and around Varner it is unnecessary to risk long range shots. Turkeys 
 are quite plentiful, as they usually are in a region where pin-oak acorns 
 cover the ground in autumn and winter, and the wild blackberry ripens 
 
ARKANSAS. 71 
 
 its fruit in early summer. Squirrels are everywhere. On the Arkansas 
 river, north of the town, and across the river at the mouth of Bayou 
 Meto, a good many bears can yet be found, but they are hunted per- 
 sistently by market gunners, who ship their meat to Pine Bluff and 
 Little Rock, and their numbers are rapidly decreasing. 
 
 Dumas is a station of small importance in some respects, but the 
 residents of the little town are sportsmen, and they live in a locality 
 where they can gratify their fancy for deer driving to the utmost. The 
 stranger in their midst, if possessed of a taste for such sport, would be 
 heartily invited to join in their wild rides after the fleet-footed and 
 evasive buck, and it is nothing uncommon for a hunting party to kill 
 twelve or fifteen in a single day. 
 
 Walnut Lake, the next station to Dumas, has an enviable reputa- 
 tion as a fishing and duck shooting resort. The lake is deep and clear, 
 and its beauty, quite as much as the fine fishing it affords, attracts 
 numerous parties from as far away as Little Rock. A shooting club 
 from the State's capital has a club house on the bank of Walnut Lake, 
 and it is occupied pretty regularly during the hunting season. 
 
 Winchester, a few miles farther on, claims the reputation of ship- 
 ping more deer during the open season than any other station in 
 Arkansas. In 1890, two men, hunting principally at night with head- 
 lights, killed 145 and 87 deer respectively. That this wholesale slaughter 
 did not ''utterly extinguish the breed," is evidenced by the fact that 
 twenty-six deer were shipped from Winchester on one train in the fall 
 of '92, and hardly a day passed that shipments of less consequence 
 were not made. The hunting grounds extend pretty generally in every 
 direction for a number of miles, but the best is to be found between the 
 railroad and Arkansas river some fifteen miles away. Bears and wolves 
 are often killed by the deer hunters, and turkeys and small game are to 
 be had "in quantities to suit" — if such a phrase is applicable here. 
 
 Dermott is situated in the midst of a scope of wild country lying 
 between Bayou Bartholomew and the Mississippi river, and possessing 
 an inexhaustible supply of game of all descriptions. There are many 
 so-called good hunting grounds where the citizen with non-observant 
 habits, or the stay-at-home farmer, will tell you that game is "pow T 'e'fu3 
 sca'ce," but the good people of Dermott are all willing to confess that 
 the woods around them are swarming with wild life. The fact is so 
 
72 ARKANSAS. 
 
 patent that they cannot help observing it. Even a blind man, if served 
 with three meals of venison p°r day for a series of months, would, in 
 the end, be forced to admit that there must be more or less deer in the 
 vicinity, and there are ways in which the mentally blind may be made 
 to see. Fishing in the neighborhood of Dermott is good, bass, trout 
 and perch being the principal varieties that interest anglers ; but buffalo 
 and cat, of the largest size, abound, while small fry, such as crappie, 
 perch, etc., snap greedily at the baited hook as soon as it touches the 
 water. Mason's, Barth's and Big bayous, and many lakes, large and 
 small, are close at hand, and it is not far to Bartholomew and the 
 Mississippi. 
 
 Morell and Portland, the latter near the Louisiana line, are both 
 good points for parties to visit in search of choice shooting and angling, 
 Dobson's Ferry, on Bceuff river, twelve miles southeast of Portland, 
 being a notable place for game and fish even in this "land of plenty" 
 where deer skins are tacked against the side of every cabin, and fish 
 are so plentiful that hooks and lines are unnecessary for their capture. 
 The "deep water" in Bceuff river ranges from ten to forty feet for a 
 stretch of eighteen miles, and it runs through a belt of forest nine miles 
 wide without settlements. 
 
 In Arkansas, while judicious game-protective measures have 
 been adopted and are generally respected and enforced, the open 
 seasons are long, and the privileges allowed can be thoroughly enjoyed. 
 Here the severity of winter storms or the impediment of snow drifts 
 twenty feet in depth never intervene to hinder the hunter in pursuit of 
 his game. Taking the season through not a single day need be lost 
 from sport by reason of icy winds or penetrating cold, and, better than 
 all the rest, the sportsman who wanders in this direction in search of 
 recreation, when returning home is never compelled to stop en route 
 and search the city markets for woodland trophies that he has failed to 
 obtain in a more legitimate manner. 
 
ARKANSAS. 73 
 
 POPULATION OF ARKANSAS BY COUNTIES. 
 
 Arkansas was organized as a Territory March 2, 1819, and ad- 
 mitted as a State June 15, 1836. In 1810 Arkansas County, then 
 in the Territory of Louisiana, but subsequently included in the Terri- 
 tory of Arkansas, had a population of 1,062. Table 1 shows the 
 population of Arkansas at each census from 1820 to 1900, inclusive, 
 together with the increase by number and per cent during each 
 decade. 
 
 TABLE 1.— POPULATION OF ARKANSAS. 1820 TO 1900. 
 
 ^-Increase.-^ 
 
 Census Years — Population. Number. Per Cent. 
 
 1900 1,311,564 183,385 16.25 
 
 1890 1,128,179 325,654 40.58 
 
 1880 802,525 318,054 65.65 
 
 1870 484,471 49,021 11.26 
 
 I860 435,450 225,553 107.46 
 
 1850 209,897 112,323 115.12 
 
 1840 97,574 67,186 221.09 
 
 1830 30,388 16,133 113.17 
 
 1820 14,255 
 
 The population of the State in 1900 is 1,311,564, as against 
 1,128,179 in 1890, representing an increase since 1890 of 183,385, or 
 
 16.25 per cent. This rate of increase is only about two-fifths of that 
 for the decade from 1880 to 1890 when it was 40.58 per cent, and less 
 than one-fourth of that for the decade from 1870 to 1880, when it 
 was 65.65 per cent. From 1860 to 1870 there was an increase of only 
 
 11.26 per cent, but prior to 1860 the population more than doubled 
 itself during each decade, and for the decade from 1830 to 1840 
 showed an increase of 221.09 per cent. 
 
 The population of Arkansas in 1900 is more than ninety times 
 as large as the population given for 1820, the first census taken 
 after its organization as a Territory in 1819. 
 
 The total land surface of Arkansas is, approximately, 53,045 
 square miles, the average number of persons to the square mile at 
 the censuses of 1890 and 1900 being as follows: 1890, 21.27: 1900, 
 24.73. 
 
 Table 2 shows the population of Arkansas by counties at each 
 census from 1820 to 1900, inclusive, and shows, for each county, 
 the increase (or decrease) by number and per cent during the 
 ten years from 1890 to 1900. 
 
74 ARKANSAS. 
 
 TABLE 2— POPULATION OP ARKANSAS BY COUNTIES in 1900, 
 AND INCREASE 1890 TO 1900. 
 
 Counties— 1900. 
 
 The State 1,311,564 
 
 Arkansas- 12,973 
 
 Ashley 19,734 
 
 Baxter '. 9,298 
 
 Benton 31,611 
 
 Boone 16,396 
 
 Bradley 9,651 
 
 Calhoun 8,539 
 
 Carroll 18,848 
 
 Chicot 14,528 
 
 Clark 21,289 
 
 Clay 15,886 
 
 Cleburne" 9,628 
 
 Cleveland 4 11,620 
 
 Columbia 22,077 
 
 Conway 19,772 
 
 Craighead 19.505 
 
 Crawford 21,270 
 
 Crittenden 14,529 
 
 Cross 11,051 
 
 Dallas 11,518 
 
 Desha 5 . 11,511 
 
 Drew 19,451 
 
 Faulkner 20,780 
 
 Franklin" 17,395 
 
 Fulton 12,917 
 
 Garland 18,773 
 
 Grant 7,671 
 
 Greene 16,979 
 
 Hempstead 24,101 
 
 Hot Spring 12,748 
 
 Howard 14,076 
 
 Independence 3 22,557 
 
 Izard 13,506 
 
 Jackson 18,383 
 
 Jefferson 7 40.972 
 
 Johnson 17,448 
 
 Lafayette 10,594 
 
 Lawrence 16,491 
 
 Lee 19,409 
 
 Lincoln 13,389 
 
 Little River 13,731 
 
 Logan • 20,563 
 
 Lonoke 8 22.544 
 
 Madison" 19.864 
 
 Marion 11,377 
 
 Miller 17,558 
 
 Mississippi 16,384 
 
 Monroe 8 16,816 
 
 ,— Increase 
 
 
 Number. 
 
 Per Cent. 
 
 183,385 
 
 16.25 
 
 1,541 
 
 13.48 
 
 6,439 
 
 48.43 
 
 771 
 
 9.04 
 
 3,895 
 
 14.05 
 
 580 
 
 3.67 
 
 1,679 
 
 21.06 
 
 1,272 
 
 17.50 
 
 1,560 
 
 9.02 
 
 3,109 
 
 27.23 
 
 292 
 
 1.39 
 
 3,686 
 
 30.21 
 
 1,744 
 
 22.12 
 
 258 
 
 2.27 
 
 2,184 
 
 10.98 
 
 313 
 
 1.61 
 
 7,480 
 
 62.20 
 
 1444 
 
 a 2.04 
 
 589 
 
 4.23 
 
 3,358 
 
 43.65 
 
 2,222 
 
 23.90 
 
 1,187 
 
 11.50 
 
 2,099 
 
 12.10 
 
 2,438 
 
 13,29 
 
 J 2,539 
 
 a 12.74 
 
 1.933 
 
 17.60 
 
 3,445 
 
 22.48 
 
 a 115 
 
 J 1.48 
 
 4,071 
 
 31.54 
 
 1,305 
 
 5.72 
 
 1,145 
 
 9.87 
 
 287 
 
 2.08 
 
 596 
 
 2.71 
 
 468 
 
 3.59 
 
 3,204 
 
 21.11 
 
 91 
 
 0.22 
 
 690 
 
 4.12 
 
 2,894 
 
 37.58 
 
 3,507 
 
 27.01 
 
 523 
 
 2.77 
 
 3,134 
 
 30.56 
 
 4,828 
 
 54.23 
 
 J 211 
 
 1 1.02 
 
 3,281 
 
 17.03 
 
 2,462 
 
 14.15 
 
 987 
 
 9.50 
 
 2,844 
 
 19.33 
 
 4,749 
 
 40.82 
 
 1,480 
 
 9.65 
 
ARKANSAS. 
 
 75 
 
 f Incr6S,SC * 
 
 Counties— 1900. Number. Per Cent. 
 
 Montgomery 9,444 1,521 19.20 
 
 Nevada 16,609 1,777 11.98 
 
 Newton 12,538 2,588 26.01 
 
 Ouachita 20,892 3,859 22.66 
 
 Perry 7,294 1,756 31.71 
 
 Phillips 26,561 1,220 4.81 
 
 Pike 10,301 1,764 20.66 
 
 Poinsett 7,025 2,753 64.44 
 
 Polk 18,352 9,069 97.69 
 
 Pope 21,715 2,257 11.60 
 
 Prairie 8 11,875 501 4.40 
 
 Pulaski 63,179 15,850 33.49 
 
 Randolph 17,156 2,671 18.44 
 
 St. Francis 17,157 3,614 26.69 
 
 Saline 13,122 1,811 16.01 
 
 Scott 13,183 548 4.34 
 
 Searcy 11,988 2,324 24.05 
 
 Sebastian 36,935 3,735 11.25 
 
 Sevier 16,339 6,267 62.22 
 
 Sharp 12,199 1,781 17.10 
 
 Stone 8,100 1,057 15.01 
 
 Union 22,495 7,518 50.20 
 
 Van Buren 3 11,220 2,653 30.97 
 
 Washington 34,256 2,232 6.97 
 
 White 3 24,864 1,918 8.36 
 
 Woodruff 16,304 2,295 16.38 
 
 Yell 22,750 4,735 26.28 
 
 decrease. 
 
 2 Part of Desha annexed and part given to Jefferson since 1880. 
 
 •Cleburne organized from parts of Independence, Van Buren and White in 1883. 
 
 4 Name changed from Dorsey in 1885, 
 
 B Part given to Arkansas County since 1880. 
 
 B Part of Madison annexed to Franklin in 1885. 
 
 7 Part of Arkansas County since 18S0. 
 
 "Parts of Prairie annexed to Lonoke and Monroe since 1880. 
 
 There have been no territorial changes in the counties of Arkan- 
 sas since 1890. 
 
 Of the 75 counties in the State all but 4 have increased in popu- 
 lation during the decade, the counties showing more than 50 per cent 
 cf increase being Polk, 97.69 per cent: Poinsett, 64.44 per cent: 
 Sevier, 62.22 per cent: Craighead, 62.20 per cent: Little River, 
 54.23 per cent, and Union, 50.20 per cent. Pulaski County shows the 
 largest numerical increase (15,850), but fully three-fourths of this 
 increase is due to the increase in the population of the city of Little 
 Rock. 
 
 The four counties showing a decrease in population are Craw- 
 ford, Franklin, Grant and Logan. 
 
76 ARKANSAS. 
 
 UNITED STATES LANDS 
 Subject, to Homestead Entry in Arkansas. 
 
 fHERE are in Arkansas at present 5,000,000 acres of government 
 lands subject to the homestead laws of the United States. Every 
 citizen of the United States who is the head of a family, or over 21 years 
 of age, is entitled to one entry under the homestead act. But one 
 homestead entry is allowed to each citizen. An entry on one 40-acre 
 tract exhausts a right as much as on a whole quarter section. Home- 
 stead entry requires residence on and cultivation of the land. 
 
 Homestead entries can be made for not more than 160 acres in a con- 
 tiguous form; tracts "cornering" are not contiguous. 
 
 The Land Office fees and commissions, payable when application is 
 
 made, are as follows : 
 
 160 Acres Fee $10.00, Commissions $4.00, Total $14.00 
 
 120 " " 10.00 " 3 00 " 13.00 
 
 80 " " 5.00 " 2.00 " 7.00 
 
 40 " " 5.00 " 1.00 " 6.00 
 
 A person desiring to enter a tract of land upon which he has not es- 
 tablished a residence nor made improvements, must appear personally 
 at the district land office and make his application before the Registei 
 and Receiver, after having seen the land. 
 
 He must then establish actual, bona fide residence (in a house) upon 
 the land within six months from date of entry, and must reside upon it 
 continuously for five years. 
 
 In case of the death of a homestead settler, before making proof, the 
 widow succeeds to the homestead right; but she must continue to cul- 
 tivate the landuntil final proof is made and accepted. 
 
 In case of the death of both father and mother, the right and fee 
 inure to the minor children, if any. 
 
 A homestead right can not be devised away from the widow and 
 minor children. 
 
 A Union (or Federal) soldier or sailor of the late war is entitled to a 
 deduction from the five years of the length of time (not exceeding four 
 years) of his military or naval service. But the soldier (or his widow) 
 must actually reside on the land at least one year before final proof can 
 be made. Certified copy of discharge papers should be submitted with 
 the proof. 
 
ARKANSAS. 77 
 
 RAILROAD LANDS. 
 
 N 1853 Congress passed an act, and subsequently confirmed it in 
 ] 866, whereby a certain number of sections of land were granted 
 for every mile of the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railway 
 constructed. This was a liberal grant, and extended for twenty miles 
 on either side of the track. Out of the original amount a total of 639,- 
 884 acres still remain unsold, and subject to purchase by those desiring 
 a home. By recent purchase of lands on the line of the Little Rock, 
 Mississippi River & Texas Division, nearly 200,000 acres were added to 
 the above amount, making a grand total of nearly 839,584 acres of 
 good farming lands for sale at reasonable rates. 
 
 In addition to the above, the railway company offers for sale at cor- 
 respondingly low prices and on like favorable terms the lands granted 
 to the Little Rock & Fort Smith Railway, aggregating now 502,600 
 acres. The price of this land varies according to quality and 
 location. The uplands range in price mostly from $2.50 to $5.00 per 
 acre; the creek bottoms from $4.00 to $10. As must necessarily be the 
 case, these lands are near the railroads, and there are, consequently, 
 always ready and good markets for produce within easy access. 
 
 Railway lands are offered on the following easy terms: 
 
 TERMS OF SALE. 
 
 Credit Plan. — Under this plan the purchaser is required to pay one- 
 fourth of the purchase price at date of sale— the remaining three fourths 
 is divided into three equal annual payments, drawing interest at six per 
 cent per annum. 
 
 See the following example for full explanation : 
 
 Forty acres sold March 1st, 1894, at $3.00 per acre, one-fourth cash 
 being paid down, balance to be paid in three equal annual payments 
 with six per cent annual interest. 
 
 PAYMENTS. WHEN DUE PRINCIPAL. INTEREST. TOTAL. 
 
 1st, or Cash March 1, 1894, $30 00 $30 00 
 
 2d, Deferred " 1, 1895, 30 00 $1 80 31 80 
 
 3d, " " 1, 1896, 30 00 3 60 33 60 
 
 4th " " 1, 1897, 30 00 5 40 35 40 
 
 Cash Plan. — We offer a discount of ten per cent from the price per 
 acre to those who will pay in full for the land at the time of purchase. 
 Thus land at $3.00 per acre on credit term3, can be bought for $2.70 
 per acre. All cash down. 
 
78 ARKANSAS. 
 
 A great work has been done by the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & 
 Southern Railway by opening to settlement Central and Northeast 
 Arkansas, and more recently the southern and southwestern portion of 
 the State. This gives an opportunity for investment in all kinds of 
 enterprises and industries, any of which will eventually lead to success, 
 if the settler has the requisite energy and perseverance. The lands 
 could not be better for general farming purposes. The season for culti- 
 vation is a very long one, lasting from February until November, and 
 therefore highly favorable to many crops that require not only warm 
 springs, but the moderate temperature of a long autumn. A climate 
 and soil which thus secure the agriculturist against the fear of 
 droughts, and also of early frosts, will be recognized at once as being as rare 
 as it is propitious, and as offering unusual inducements to immigrants. 
 
 The land grant of the Little Rock & Fort Smith Railway, 502,600 
 acres still unsold, extends the length of the Arkansas River 
 Valley from Little Rock to Fort Smith. It lies on either side of 
 the track, in alternate sections, and has the Arkansas river running 
 through its entire length. A land grant, with a navigable river 
 and a first-class railway running through it from end to end, 
 is not found in every State. The soil of this tract is not only rich, 
 but versatile to a high degree in the variety of crops of which it is 
 capable. It lies between the lines of latitude that stand as a barrier to 
 the vigorous winds of winter and the intense heat of the semi-tropical 
 summer. Here are but three short months of an open winter, with 
 nine months of a long, balmy, golden season, when all crops come to 
 perfection, and are harvested in their full maturity. It was not in- 
 tended that such a wealth of natural resources should always remain 
 unknown. But public notice was diverted for a time to less favored 
 regions through the medium of the public press and highly colored 
 advertising. This country could be overlooked only for a short time. 
 Such advantages were bound to speak and demand an impartial hear- 
 ing. The products of this valley have been placed before the gaze of 
 the public at various expositions throughout the country. They have 
 told their own story. The tide is turning, and the stream of home- 
 seekers is now coming to this modern Eden, from which there is no 
 danger of expulsion. You are welcome and bidden to enter. Study 
 the array of natural advantages, and you will accept the invitation. 
 
ARKANSAS. 
 
 :<> 
 
 Let everybody come— the farmer with his plow to turn the soil and reap 
 the bountiful harvests; the woodsman with his axe to clear the prime- 
 val forest of its giant trees ; the miner with his pick ; the artist with his 
 brush ; the hunter with his dog and gun ; the fisherman with his rod ; 
 the mechanic with his saw and hammer ; the mason with his trowel ; 
 and the man of money with his capital. Come to Arkansas, you are all 
 wanted. One can get along only by the aid of the others. 
 
 Write to G. A. A. Deane, Land Commissioner, Little Rock, Ark., 
 for prices, terms of sale, location, etc., of railroad lands. 
 
 Happy Little Arkansas Coon. 
 
GET A HOME 
 
 IN 
 
 Arkansas - - - 
 
 m THE LAND OF FRUITS, 
 
 *« GOOD HEALTH AND PLENTY. 
 
 TWO MILLION ACRES tm 
 
 FINE FARMING, 
 
 GRAZING, 
 
 TIMBERED, 
 
 FPIIIT AND 
 
 MINERAL LANDS, 
 
 IN TRACTS TO SUIT PURCHASERS. 
 
 Jlild Climate. ) r, _, f 
 
 Low Prices. { Easy Terms. { 
 
 riild Climate. ) r-> ^ f Varied Products. 
 
 Low Interest. 
 
 WRITE TO- 
 
 G. A. A. DEANE, 
 
 Land Commissioner, LITTLE ROCK, ARK. 
 ST. LOUIS, IRON riOUNTAIN & SOUTHERN 
 
 AND 
 
 LITTLE ROCK & FORT SMITH RAILWAYS. 
 
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VALUABLE- ASSISTANCE. 
 
 , «, 
 
 The following Traveling and Passenger Agents of the MISSOURI PACIFIC RAIL- 
 WAY and IRON MOUNTAIN ROUTE ase constantly looking after the interests* of the 
 Line, and will call upon parties contemplating a trip and cheerfully furnish them 
 lowest Rates of Fare, Land Pamphlets, Maps, Guides, Time Tables, etc. 
 Or they may be addressed as follows : 
 
 ATCHISON, KAN.— C. E. Styles Passenger and Ticket Agent. 
 
 AUSTIN, TEX.— J. C. Lewis Traveling Passenger Agent. 
 
 BOSTON, MASS.— Louis W. Ewald ..New England Pass'r Agent, 192'Washington St. 
 
 CAIRO, ILL.— C. G. Miller City Ticket Agent, 309 Ohio Levee. 
 
 I. P. Spinner Ticket Agent, Union Depot 
 
 CHATTANOOGA, TENN.— I. E. Rehlander Traveling Pass'r Agent, 16 East 8th St. 
 
 CHICAGO, ILL.— Bissell Wilson District Passenger Agent, 111 Adams St. 
 
 CINCINNATI, OHIO— A. A. Gallagher, District Pass'r Agt., 408 Vine St, bet. Fourth. 
 and Fifth Sts. 
 T. A. Wilkinson, Trav. Pass'r and Land Agt., 408 Vine St., bet. 
 Fourth and Fifth Streets. 
 DENVER, COLO.— C. A. TRiPP..Gen'l Western Frt. and Pass'r Agt., cor. 17th & Stout Sts. 
 
 E. E. Hoffman Traveling Passenger Agent. 
 
 DETROIT, MICH.— H. D. Armstrong Traveling Pass'r Agt., 32 Campus Martius. 
 
 FT. SCOTT, KAN.— I. R. Sherwin Passenger and Ticket Agent. 
 
 HOT SPRINGS, ARK.— J. S. Reamey : Ticket Agent. 
 
 INDIANAPOLIS, IND.— G. A. A. Deane, Jr Traveling Pass'r Agent, Room 16 Clay- 
 
 poole Building, cor. Washington and Illinois Sts. 
 
 KANSAS CITY, MO.— E. S. Jewett Passenger and Ticket Agent, 901 Main St. 
 
 J.H. Lyon Western Passenger Agent, 901 Main St. 
 
 J. F. Etter Passenger and Assistant Ticket Atrt., 901 Main St. 
 
 P. C. Lyon Traveling Passenger Agent. 
 
 Tom Hughes City Passenger Agent, Union Depot. 
 
 LEAVENWORTH, KAN.— J. N. Joerger Passenger and Ticket Agent. 
 
 LINCOLN, NEB.— F. D. Cornell Passenger and Ticket Agent, 1039 O St. and Depot. 
 
 LITTLE ROCK, ARK.— J. A. Hollinger Passenger and Ticket Agent. 
 
 LOUISVILLE, KY.— R. T. G. Matthews Traveling Passenger Agent, 304 West Main . 
 
 MEMPHIS, TENN.— H. D. Wilson Pass'r and Ticket Agt., 314 Main St., (cor. Monroe. 
 
 Ellis Farnsworth, Trav. Pass'r Agent, 314 Main St., (cor. Monroe). 
 
 MEXICO CITY, MEX.— H. C. Dinkins , General Agent, Hotel Coliseo. 
 
 NEW YORK CITY— W. E. Hoyt General Eastern Passenger Agent, 391 Broadway. 
 
 J. P. McCann Traveling Passenger Agent, 391 Broadway. 
 
 OMAHA, NEB— Thos. F. GoDFREY-.Pass'r and Tkt. Agt., S. E. cor. 14th and Douglas Sts. 
 
 W. C. Barnes Trav. Pass'r Agent, S. E. cor. 14th and Douglas Sts. 
 
 J. K. Chambers Ticket Agent, Union Passenger Station. 
 
 PITTSBURG, PA.— John R. James Central Pass'r Agt., Room 905 Park Building, 
 
 Fifth Ave. and Smithfield Street. 
 
 PUEBLO, COLO.— Wm. Hogg Passenger and Ticket Agent. 
 
 ST. JOSEPH, MO.— Benton Quick... Passenger and Ticket Agent, S. E. cor.6th&Edmond. 
 
 ST. LOUIS, MO — B. H. Payne Assistant General Passenger and Ticket Agent. 
 
 H. F. BERKLEY...Pass'r&Tkt. Agent, N.W. cor. Broadway and Olive St. 
 M. Griffin ...City Passenger Agent, N.W. cor. Broadway and Olive St. 
 
 W. H. Morton..." Passenger Agent, Room 402, Union Station. 
 
 A. V. Brigham Traveling Passenger Agent for Arkansas. 
 
 SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH— H. B. Kooser Com. Freight & Passenger Agt. , 
 
 Nos. 105 and 107 West Second St. (South). 
 
 SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.— L. M. Fletcher Pacific Coast Agent, 212 California St. 
 
 E. J. Waugh Trav. Pass'r Agent, 212 California St. 
 
 SEDALIA, MO.— J. W. McClain Passenger and Ticket Agent. 
 
 TEXARKANA, ARK.— P. E. Baer Ticket Agent. 
 
 WICHITA, KAN.— E. E. Bleckley Passenger and Ticket Agent, 114 N. Main St. 
 
 C.G.WARNER, RUSSELL HARDING, 
 
 2d Vice-President, 3d Vice-Pres't and Gen'l Manager. 
 
 H. C. TOWNSEND, 
 
 General Passenger and Ticket Agent, 
 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 
Iron 
 
 Mountain 
 
 Route, 
 
 HS GREAT SOUTHWEST SYSTEM. 
 
 CONNECTING THE COMMERCIAL CENTRES AND RICH FARMS OF 
 
 MISSOURI, 
 
 THE BROAD CORN AND WHEAT FIELDS AND THRIVING TOWNS OP 
 
 KHNSHS, 
 
 THE FERTILE RIVER VALLEYS AND TRADE CENTRES OF 
 
 NEBRHSKH, 
 
 THE GRAND, PICTURESQUE AND ENCHANTING SCENERY. AND 
 THE FAMOUS MINING DISTRICTS OF 
 
 COLORADO, 
 
 THE AGRICULTURAL, FRUIT, MINERAL AND TIMBER LANDS. AND 
 FAMOUS HOT SPRINGS OF 
 
 HRKHNSHS, 
 
 THE BEAUTIFUL ROLLING PRAIRIES AND WOODLANDS OF THE 
 
 INDIHN TERRITORY, 
 
 THE SUGAR, COTTON AND TIMBER PLANTATIONS OF 
 
 LOUISIHNK, 
 
 THE COTTON AND GRAIN FIELDS, THE CATTLE RANGES AND 
 WINTER RESORTS OF 
 
 TEXHS, 
 
 HISTORICAL AND SCENIC 
 
 ni n irNn NEM MEXICO, 
 
 NNECTIONS THE POPULAR ROUTE TO 
 
 NDCHLIFORNIH. 
 
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