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A NEW MAP AND GAZETTEER 
 
 OK TUK 
 
 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 
 
 Engraved on Steel, 
 PUBLISHED BY SHERMAN & SMITH, 
 
 122 Broadway, corner of Cedar street, New York. 
 
 This is the Largest and most Complete Map of the United States 
 everpubhshed i^eins about 6 feet by 7, sliowiii- the Base 
 Meridian, and Townsiiip Lines of the United States Sn?' 
 veys, the Land allotted to the different hidian Tribes 
 west of the Mississippi River— Also, the Dis- 
 tricts and Township Lines of Canada : 
 
 ALL BEING COMPILED FROM THE MOST RECENT SURVEYS. AND OTHP-R 
 AUTHENTIC SOURCES. OIHER 
 
 The above Work obtained the highest Premium at the late Fair 
 oj the American Institute. 
 
 THIS MAP IS ACCOMPANIED BY A NEW 
 
 GAZETTEER OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 
 
 ^^?;i!i,n5' P'''''"''''/^'' *^^ U'"'«'l S^^tes and its Topography con- 
 T. wn^ VnTT ^^*^*^"1''|«» «f over six thousand more Comn e" 
 aown. Post-othces.etc, than are found in any preceding Gazetteer 
 The authors and compilers have used every available means within 
 
 RECOMMENDATIONS : 
 
 Recommendation of the Regents of the University of the State of 
 
 JVew York. 
 
 Which report was unanimously agreed to. (A codv ) 
 
 (^^""^'^'^ _^ T. ROME^N Bg&k, Sec'y. 
 
 From the ^Tew York Commercial Advertiser. 
 been mfhl^.L'!]"'' ^^"iPlete Gazetteer of the Republic that has ever 
 
Report of the Committee of the American Institute of the City of 
 
 J\'ew York, on 
 
 "A Complete Descriptive and Statistical GAZETTEER OF THE 
 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, with an Abstract ofthe Census 
 of 1840. By Danikl Haskel, A. M., late President of the University 
 of Vermont, and J. Calvin Smith, Geographer, and author of a New 
 Map of the United States, &c." 
 
 The Committee respectfully recommend the above entitled work to 
 the favorable notice of the Institute, as one exhibiting great labor and 
 industry, directed with much intelligence and method to a highly use- 
 ful object. The Committee feel warranted in asserting their belief that 
 it will be found to contain the most authentic account of the existing 
 Geography of the United States, that can be found in anyone book. 
 Signed by the Committee : 
 
 JAMES REN WICK, 
 Prof, of Nat. Phil, and Chem. in Columbia College. N. Y, 
 EDWIN WILLIAMS, 
 Author N. Y. Ann. Register. 
 WILLIAM SERRILL. 
 
 From the J^ew York Courier Sr Enquirer. j 
 
 Messrs. Sherman & Smith, 122 Broadway, have just completed the \ 
 noblest Map of the United States that has yet been published, and one j 
 which will do equal honor to the enterprising and ingenious men who ; 
 have expended so much money and labor in its execution, and to the ; 
 country. As a work of mere art, it is exceedingly beautiful ; but as an i 
 accurate and faithful delineation of the country-, in all its aspects, geo- 
 graphical and political, it is entitled to the very highest praise. j 
 
 From the JVew York Tribune. 
 We have no other Gazetteer in this country at all comparable with ' 
 this, whether for comprehensiveness or correctness. In no other work ^ 
 in existence can so large an amount of minute, accurate, and desirable ■ 
 information be found, nor in any collection of works, at a price compa- ; 
 rable with this. 'I 
 
 From HunVs Merchants' Magazine, JVew York. ^ 
 
 The design of this work is to exhibit the present condition of the 
 United States— its progress in agriculture, in commerce, in manufac- 
 tures, and in general improvement ; and well and truly is this design ^ 
 accomplished. It is, without exception, the best work of the kind ; 
 extant. i 
 
 From the JVew York Observer. • i 
 
 The authors and compilers are among the most competent to their 
 task, possessing great facilities for the preparation of such a work, and 
 the volume is the result of very mature and laborious investigation and I 
 inquiry. 
 
THE 
 
 ILLUSTRATED HAND-BOOK, 
 
 Jltu) ©uibc for Sraotlcrs 
 
 THROUGH THE 
 
 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: 
 
 CONTAINING A 
 
 DESCRIPTION OF THE STATES, CITIES, TOWNS, VILLAGES, WATERING 
 
 PLACES, COLLEGES, ETC., ETC. ; WITH THE RAILROAD, STAGE, 
 
 AND STEAMBOAT ROUTES, THE DISTANCES FROM PLACE 
 
 TO PLACE, AND THE FARES ON THE GREAT 
 
 TRAVELING ROUTES, 
 
 SEmbellisljeti toiti) 125 |)i!jl)I» ftnfsl)ctj HnarabfitQSf. 
 
 ACCOMPANIED BY 
 
 A LARGE AND ACCURATE MAP. 
 BY J. CALVIN SMITH. 
 
 NEW YORK: 
 PUBLISHED BY SHERMAN & SMITH, 
 
 122 Broadway, cor. Cedar-street. 
 
 /^;<^. 
 
 
 '/^-e_ 
 
To Publishers.— The proprietors of this work, having bsen 
 at great expense in collecting the matter contained in this volume, 
 which is mostly original, would respectfully remind persons 
 who are getting up similar publications, that the copyright has 
 been regularly secured according to the Act of the United States 
 Congress. 
 
 To Booksellers and Dealers.— Any person or persons selling 
 copies of a work which is an infringement of an existing copy- 
 right, are liable to a fine on each copy sold by them. 
 
 Persons purchasing copies of a foreign publication which is 
 an infringement of this work, are reminded that such copies are 
 liable to seizure and forfeiture at the Custom House. 
 
 SHERMAN & SMITH. 
 
 Entered accorjing- to Act of Congress, in the year 1846, by 
 
 SHERMAN & SMITH, 
 
 In tlie Clcrk'a Office of the District Court of the United States for the Soulhenj 
 
 District of New York. 
 
 t>^p t'^l 
 
PREFACE 
 
 In presenting to the public a work like the present, it is ex- 
 pected that the compiler should give some account of the grounds 
 on which he rests his claim to attention. The materials for this 
 little volume have mostly been drawn from official documents and 
 from information procured by agents who have travelled over 
 most of the territory herein described, and it will hence be found 
 as perfect as it is possible for a work of this character to be made. 
 The illustrations, which are mostly original, or have been carefully 
 selected from the most faithful representations, are engraved 
 in the best style by eminent artists, and will bear comparison 
 with the most finished specimens of the art. They exhibit views 
 of the most remarkable natural scenery, cities, colleges, «fcc. 
 These engravings will be found of great utility, conveying as 
 they do a far better idea of the objects than could be derived 
 from the most labored description. The directions for Travellers, 
 printed in italics, and following the description of each place, 
 will prove very useful, especially the time of arrival and de- 
 parture of cars, steamboats, and stages at and from each place ; — 
 these, with the prices of fare, have been arranged with the greatest 
 care, and may be relied upon for their accuracy. The Railroads, 
 with the Depots, and the distances between them, are shown in 
 the Tables of Routes, and will also be found, together with all the 
 Steamboat and Stage Routes, accurately delineated on the ac- 
 companying Map. Great labor has been bestowed in collating 
 and adjusting, in the most minute manner, on the Map, a larger 
 amount of correct information than can be found in any similar 
 work, in so condensed a form. 
 
THE RATES 
 
 AT WHICH 
 
 FOREIGN MONEY OR CURRENCY 
 
 ARE TAKEN AT THE CUSTOM-HOUSE, NEW YORK. 
 
 Franc of France and Belgi- 
 um, $0. 
 
 Florin of Netherlands, 0. 
 
 do. of Southern States of 
 Germany, 0. 
 
 Guilder of Netherlands, 0. 
 
 Livre Tournois of France, 0. 
 
 Lira of the Lombardo Ve- 
 netian Kingdom, 0. 
 
 Lira of Sardinia, 0. 
 
 do. of Tuscany, 0. 
 
 Milrea of Portugal, 1. 
 
 do. of Azores, 0. 
 
 Rlnrc Banco of Hamburg, 0. 
 
 Pound Sterling of Great Bri- 
 tain, 4. 
 
 Pound Sterling ofthe British 
 Provinces of Nova Scotia, 
 New Brunswick, New- 
 foundland and Canada, 4. 
 
 13i 
 
 40 
 40 
 
 18i 
 
 18/i 
 
 10 
 
 12 
 
 .83i 
 
 35 
 
 Pngoda of India, 
 ! Beal Vellon of Spain, 
 do. Plate of Spain, 
 Rupee Coin])any, 
 
 do. British India, 
 Specie Dollar of Denmark, 
 1 Rix Dollar or Thaler of Prus- 
 sia and the Northern States 
 ! of Germany, 
 Rix Dollar of Bremen, 
 Rouble, silver, of Russia, 
 j Specie Dollar of Sweden and 
 
 Norway, 1.00 
 
 ! Florin of Austria, 0.48^ 
 
 I Ducat of Naples, 0.80 
 
 I Ounce of Sicily, 2.40 
 
 I Tale of China,' 1.48 
 
 j Leghorn Livres, 0.16 
 
 $1.84 
 0.05 
 0.10 
 0.44 1 
 0.44 A 
 1.05 
 
 69 
 0.78 f 
 0.75 
 
 CURRENCIES BY USAGE, 
 
 When a Consular^s Certificate of the real value or Rate of Exchavge is 
 not attached to the Invoice. 
 
 Current INIarc, 
 Crown of Tuscany, 
 Florin of Prussia, 
 
 do. of Basle, 
 Florence Livre, 
 Geneva Livre, 
 Jamaica Pound, 
 Leghorn Dollar, 
 Livre of Catalonia, 
 
 $0 28 
 1.05 
 0.22 f 
 0.41 
 0.15 
 0.21 
 5.00 
 0.90 
 0.53 J 
 
 Livre of Neufchotel, 0.26J 
 
 Paper Rouble varies from 4 
 roubles 65 copecks to 4 rou- 
 bles 84 copecks to the dollar. 
 Rix Dollar of Sa.xony, 0.69 
 
 do. Rhenish, 60f 
 
 Swiss Livre, 0.27 
 
 Scuda of Malta, 0.40 
 
 Turkish Piastre, 0.05 
 
 VALUE OF FOREIGN GOLD COLXS IN UNITED STATES CURRENCY. 
 
 $3.83 
 
 Sovereigns of Great Britain, 
 
 Doubloons, Spanish, 
 
 do. Patriot, 
 
 $4.83 
 16.00 
 15.60 
 
 Napoleons, 
 10 Thalers, 
 10 Guilders, 
 
 4.00 
 
INDEX 
 
 Abbeville, S. C, 176, 178. 
 AbiiigUon, Va., 112, 133. 
 Accoraac, Va., 128. 
 Adams, Mass., 66. 
 Adrian, Mich., 199, 215, 216. 
 Akron, O., 119, 135. 
 ALABAMA, slate of, 1.53. 
 Albany. N. Y., 53, 69, 73, 74, 75, 
 Albion, Mich., 215. 
 Alburg Springs, Vt., 22. 
 Alexandria, D. C, 104, 129. 
 Alexandria, La., 164, 182. 
 Alton, 111., 201, 216, 226. 
 Allentown, Pa., 124, 126. 
 Allyn's Point, Conn., 70. 
 Amherst, Mass., 33, 66. 
 Amherst, N. H., 64. 
 Andover. Mass., 23, 61. 
 An^elicrt, N. Y., 72, 78. 
 Aimapolis, Md., 98, 129. 
 Ami Arbor, Mich., 198, 215. 
 Apalachicola, Flor., 153, 179. 
 Aquackanonck, N. J., 72, 82. 
 Archidelphia, Avk., 182. 
 ARKANSAS, state ol, 168. 
 Arkansas Post, Ark., 169, 133. 
 Aslitabula, O., 127, 134. 
 Ashville, N. C, 142, 173, 186. 
 Astoria, Oreg-on, 221. 
 Athens, Pa., 72. 
 Athens, O., 118, 135. 
 Athens, Ala., 156, 181. 
 Atiiens, Ga., 148, 177, 178. 
 Attica, N. Y., 74, 79. 
 Atlanta, Ga., 177. 186, 187. 
 Auburn, N. Y., 56, 74, 77, 79. 
 Auufusta, Me., 14, 62. 
 Aug-usta, Ga., 148, 176, 178. 
 Augusta, Ky., 190. 
 Augrusta Spring-s, Va., 110. 
 Austin, Texas, 166, 182. 
 Avon Spring-s, N. Y., 57. 
 
 Bainbridge, N. Y., 77. 
 Bainbridge, Ga., 178, 179. 
 ■ 133. 
 
 Balcony J'alls, Va. 
 Balize, La., 225. 
 
 Ballston. N. Y., 54, 74. 
 Baltimore, Md., 97,74, 125, 126, I 
 
 134, 137. 
 Bangor, Me., 15, 62. 
 Barcelona, N. Y., 72, 76. 
 Bardstown, Ky., 191.212. 
 Barnstable, Mass., 67. 
 Bastrop, Texas, 167, 183. 
 Batavia, N. Y., 58, 78, 79. 
 Baih, Me., 16. 
 Bath.Va., 131. 
 Bath, N. Y., 72, 77. 
 Baton Rou^e, La.. 161, 182,226. 
 Beaufort, N. C, 140, 173, 174. 
 Beaufort, S. C, 176. 
 Beaver, Pa., 90, 127, 134. 
 Bedford Spring-s, Pa., 89. 
 Bellefontaine,D., 121, 137. 
 Bellefonte, Pa., 1^4, 126. 
 
 Belleville, 111., 216. 
 
 Belfast, Me., 16, 62. 
 
 Bellows Falls, Vt., 22, 65. 
 
 Bennington, Vt., 22, 65, 74. 
 
 Berkely Spring-s, Va., 109. 
 
 Benien Springs Mich., 216. 
 
 Berwick, Pa., 124. 
 
 Binghamton, 60, 72, 75. 
 
 Bloomington, la., 195. 
 
 Bloornington, Iowa, 212, 213. 
 
 Blossburg, Pa., 123. 
 
 BlountsviUe, Tenn., 133, 184. 
 
 Blue Sulphur Sprin"-s, Va, 111, 133. 
 
 Blue Lick Springs, Ky., lyO. 
 
 Bolivar, Tenn., 185, 187. 
 
 Boniar Springs, Tenn., 186. 
 
 Bonham, Texas, 183. 
 
 Booneville, Mo., 206, 227. 
 
 Bordentown, N. J., 83, 122. 
 
 Boston, Mass., 25, 61, 63, 64, 65, 67, 68, 70, 
 
 71, 74. 
 Botetourt Springs, Va., 112. 
 Bowling Green, Ky., 192, 18.5,212. 
 Bowling Green, Mo., 220. 
 Bradford Springs, S.C, 175. 
 Branchville, S. C., 176, 177. 
 BratUeboro, Vt., 22. 64, 65. 
 Brazoria, Texas, 167, 183. 
 Bridgeport, Conn., 39, 70, 71. 
 Bringiers, La., 182. 
 Bristol, R.I., 35. 
 Bristol, Pa., 93. 
 Brooklyn, N. Y., 47, 70. 
 Brookville, la., 214. 
 Brownsville, Me., 62. 
 Brownsville, Pa., 127, 130. 
 Brunswick, Me., 15, 61. 
 Bucyrus, O., 135. 
 
 Buflalo, N. Y., 58, 74, 78,79, 127, 131, 229. 
 Burlington, Vt., 21, 64, 71, 75, 
 Burlington, N. J., 83. 
 Burlington, Iowa, 210, 219, 220, 226. 
 Butler, Pa., 126. 
 
 Cahawba, Ala., 156, 180. 
 Calais, Me., 16,61. / 
 
 Caldwell, N. Y., 55, 74. 
 Cambridge, Mass., 28, 64. 
 Cimbridge, Md., !28. 
 Cambridge, O., 117, 130. 
 Camden, N. J., 83, I2l^ 
 Camden, S. C, 145, 175. 
 Canals in the United Suites, 229. 
 Canajoharie, N. Y., 75. 
 Canaan, Conn., 69. 
 Canandaigua, N. Y., 57, 74, 77. 
 Cannonsburg, Pa., 90. 
 Canton, N. Y., 79. 
 Cape Island, N. J., 83, 123. 
 Cape Girardeau, Mo., 207, 216. 
 Cape Vincent, N. Y., 76. 
 Carbondale, Pa., 93, 12.5. 
 Carlisle, Pa., 88, 124, 126. 
 Carlisle Sidpiiur Springs, 88. 
 Castnie, Me., 16, 62. 
 Cnstlelon, Vi., 22. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Catskill,N. Y., 52,71,75. 
 
 CeiitreviUe, la., 213. 
 
 Centreville, Md., 128. 
 
 Centreville, Mich., 216. 
 
 Cerulian Spring-s, Ky., 185. 
 
 Chambersljur°r, Pa., 88, 124, 126, 129. 
 
 Chapel Hill, N. C, 141, 173, 186. 
 
 Chariton, Mo., 227. 
 
 Charleston, S. C, 131. 144, 175, 176, 180. 
 
 Charlestown, Mass., 27. 
 
 Charlestown, N. H., 64. 
 
 Charlestown, Va., 109. 
 
 Charlotte, N. C, 141, 175. 
 
 Charlottesville, Va., 108, 131. 
 
 Chattahoochee, Flor., 179. 
 
 Chattanooga, Tenn., 186. 
 
 Cherrv Vallev, N. Y., 75. 
 
 Chester, Pa., 94, 125. 
 
 Chesterlown, Pa., 99. 
 
 Chesterville, S. C, 145. 
 
 Cheraw, S. C, 145, 174, 175. 
 
 Chicag-o, 111., 202, 207. 219, 230. 
 
 Chillicothe, O., 118, 135. 
 
 Chilhowee, 112. 
 
 Chrisliansburg-, Kv., 123. 
 
 Cincmnati,O.,ll5,'l30, 134,135,136,137,214. 
 
 CircleviUe, O., 118, 135, 136. 
 
 Clarendon Springs, Vt., 64. 
 
 Clarksburg, Va., 127,130. 
 
 Clarksville, Ga., 149, 175, 178. 
 
 Clarksville, Tenn., 172, 219. 
 
 Cleveland, O., 119, 78. 127, 134, 137. 
 
 Clifton Spring-s, 57. 
 
 Cloverport, Kv., 192. 
 
 Coffeeville, Miss., 180, 184. 
 
 Coldwater, Mich., 215, 218. 
 
 Columbia, S. C, 143, 174, 176, 179. 
 
 Columbia, Pa., 128. 
 
 Columbia, Ark., 225. 
 
 Columbia, Tenn., 71. 
 
 Columbia, Mo., 206. 
 
 Columbus, O., 117, 130, 134, 135, 136. 
 
 Columbus, Ga., 149, 176, 177, 179. 
 
 Columbus, Miss., 159, 180, 184. 
 
 Columbus, Kv., 185, 1S)2, 213, 224. 
 
 Concord, N. 'H., 19, 63, 64. 
 
 Concord, Ma.ss., 29. 
 
 Conhocton, N. Y., 77. 
 
 Conneant, O., 78, 134. 
 
 CONNECTICUT, state of, 36. 
 
 Conway, N. H., 63. 
 
 Cooper'stown, N. Y., 60, 77. 
 
 Cornmg, N. Y., 72, 77, 12.3. 
 
 Cortland Village, N. Y., 77. 
 
 Corpus Christi, Texa.s, 167, 183. 
 
 Coshocton, O., 120, 135. 
 
 Cotton Ginport, Miss., 184, 187. 
 
 Covington, la., 214. 
 
 Covington, Ga., 177. 
 
 Covington, Kv., 190. 
 
 Council Bluffs, 227. 
 
 Crawfordsville, Ga., 177. 
 
 Crawfordsville, la., 19.5, 213. 
 
 Crown Point, N. Y., 71. 
 
 Cumberland, Md., 100, 128, 130, i36, 137. 
 
 Cumberland Gap, Tenn., 186, 211. 
 
 Cuyahoga Falls, 119. 
 
 Dacota. 
 
 Dahlonega, Ga., 149, 176, 178. 
 Danburv, Conn., 71, 7!). 
 Dandridge, Tenn., 186. 
 
 Danville, Va., 133, 173. 
 
 Danville, Kv., 191. 
 
 Dansville, N. Y., 72. 
 
 Darien, Ga., 177, 178. 
 
 Davenporl, Iowa, 219. 
 
 Davton,0., 121, 135,213. 
 
 Decatur, Ala., 181. 
 
 Defiance, O., 233. 
 
 DELAWARE, state of, 94. 
 
 Delaware Citv, Del., 95. 
 
 Delhi. N.Y., '75. 
 
 Delphi, la., 214. 
 
 Demopolis, Ala., 165, 180. 
 
 Derby, Vt., 65. 
 
 Detroit, Midi., 78, 131, 198, 215, 218. 
 
 Dixon, 111., 216,219. 
 
 Donaldsonville, La., 163, 1S2. 
 
 Dover, N. H., I'J, 61. 
 
 Dover, Del., 95. 127. 
 
 Dover, N. J., 122. 
 
 Doyleslown, Pa., 123. 
 
 Drennon's Lick Springs, Kv., 193. 
 
 Dunkirk, N. Y., 72. 
 
 Dubuque, Iowa, 210, 219. 
 
 Duxbury, Mass., 67. 
 
 Easton, Pa., 93, 122, 125, 126. 
 Kasion, Md., 99 
 Eastpon, Me., 16, 61. 
 Eastville, Va., 128. 
 Eaton, O., 135, 213. 
 Ebensburg, Pa., 124. 
 Ede.iton, N.C., 133, 140, 174. 
 Edwardsville, III., 217. 
 Eluabeth Citv, N. C, 140. 
 Elizabeihtowi., N. J., 81, 122, 125. 
 Elkton, Md., 99, 125. 
 Elmira, N. V., 60, 72, 77. 
 EUicotisviUe, N. Y., 78. 
 Ellsworth, Me., 62. 
 Elyria, O., 120, 134. 
 Eiiimettsburg, Md., 99. 
 Erie, Pa., 78, 90, 124, 126, 127, 134. 
 EstiUville, Va., 112. 
 Eufaula, Ala., 155, 17P. 
 Evansville, la., iy5, 214. 
 Exeter, N. H., 20, 63. 
 
 Fairfield, Conn., 71. 
 Fall River, Mass., 32, 68. 
 Falmouth, Mass., 67. 
 Farmville, Va., 109, 132. 
 Farmington, Conn., 70. 
 FauquierWhite Sulphur Springs, Va. 
 Fayetteville, Mo., 220. 
 Fayetteville, N. C, 140, 174, 175. 
 Favetteville, Ark., 184. 
 Fincaslle,Va., 112, 133. 
 Fitchburg, Mass., 66. * 
 
 FLORIDA, state of, ISO. 
 Florence, Ala., 156, 181, 182, 185. 
 Forsvlh, Ga., 178. 
 Fort'Gibson, Ark., 182, 183. 
 Fort Leavenworth, Mo., 227. 
 Fort Madison, luwa, 210,217, 219. 
 Fort Smith, Ark., 182. 
 Fort Snelling, Wis., 226. 
 Fort Towsoii, Ark., 183 
 Fort Wayne, la., 196, 233. 
 Fort Winnebago, 219. 
 Frankfort, Kv., 189, 212. 
 Franklin. Pa!, 126. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Franklin, Tenn., 172. 
 Frederick, Md., 99, 128. 
 Fredericksburg, Va., 108, 132, 174. 
 Frederickstown, Mo., 221. 
 Fredoiiia, N. Y., 78. 
 Fredonia, la., 214. 
 Freehold, N. J., 83. 
 Fryeburg-, Me., 16, 62. 
 FuUoii, Mo., 206, 220. 
 
 Gainesville, Ala., 155, 180, 184. 
 Galena, 111., 203, 216, 218. 
 Gallipolis, O., 118, 135. 
 Galveston, Texas, 166, 183. 
 Garysburg-, N. C, 174. 
 Geneseo, N. Y., 72, 78. 
 Geneva, N. Y., 57, 77, 79. 
 GEORGIA, state ot, 146. 
 Georgetown, D. C, 103, 130. 
 Georg-etown, Del., 95, 127. 
 Georg-etown, S. C, 145, 175. 
 Georg-etown, Ky., 190, 211. 
 Gettysburg, Pa., 91, 124. 
 Gilmanton, N. H., 20. 
 Glasu-ow, Mo., 207, 220. 
 Glenn's Falls, N. Y., 55, 74. 
 Glasg-ow, Ky., 1.36, 192. 
 Golconda, 111., 216. 
 Goldsboro, N. C, 130. 
 Goshen, N. Y., 72, 75. 
 Grand Coteau, 163. 
 Grand Gulf, Miss., 158,225. 
 Grand Haven, Mich., 199,215. 
 Grand Rapids, Mich., 215, 216. 
 Grayson Sulphur Springs, Va., 1 12. 
 Great Barrington, Mass., 73. 
 Great Crossings, Ky., 191. 
 Great Falls, N. H., 19, 61. 
 Greensboro', N. C, 141, 173, 186. 
 Greenfield, Mass., 33, 66. 
 Greenville, S. C, 146, 176, 178. 
 Greenville, O., 213. 
 Guildhall, Vt., 63. 
 Gunter's Landing, Ala., 181, 187. 
 Guyandotte, Va., 113, 133. 
 
 Hackensack, N. J., 82. 
 Hagersiown, Md., 100, 128. 
 Hallowell, Me., 16, 61. 
 Hamilton, O., 121, 136. 
 Hampton, Va., 107, 133. 
 Hancock, Md., 100, 128. 
 Hannibal, Mo., 207, 220. 
 Hanover, N. H., 20, 65. 
 Hardinsburg. Ky., 211. 
 Harper's Ferry ,'Va., 109, 128, 130. 
 Hamburg, Pa., 125. 126. 
 Hampton, Va., 107, 132. 
 Harnsljurg, Pa., 88, 123,125, 126. 
 Harrisburg, La., 182. 
 Harrodsburg, Ky., 136, 185, 191, 212. 
 Hartlord, Conn., 38, 68, 69. 
 Haverhill, Mass., 20, 61. 
 Haverhill, N. H., 6.3, 65. 
 Havre de Grace, Md., 99, 125. 
 Hawkinsville, Ga., 178. 
 Helena, Ark., 169, 183. 
 Herculaneum, Mo., 276. 
 Herkimer, N. Y., 56, 74. 
 Hickman, Ky., 192,213,224. 
 Hicksford, Va., 1.33. 
 Holmes Hole, Mass., 67. 
 
 Holly Springs, Miss., 159, 184. 
 HoUidaysburg, Pa., 91, 124, 126. 
 Holston Springs, Va., 112. 
 Honesdale, Pa., 72, 93, 125. 
 Hopkinton Mineral Spring, 33. 
 Hot Springs, Va., 110. 
 Hot Springs, Ark., 169, 183. 
 Houlton, Me., 16, 62. 
 Houston, Texas, 166, 183. 
 Hudson, N. Y., 52, 71, 73, 75, 
 Hudson River, 48. 
 Huntingdon, Pa., 91, 124. 
 Huntingdon, Tenn., 185, 187. 
 Huntsville, Ala., 156, 181, 186. 
 Huron, O., 78, 215. 
 
 ILLINOIS, state of. 200. 
 Independence, Mo., 207, 220. 
 INDIANA, state of, 193. 
 Indianapolis, la., 194, 212, 213, 214. 
 Indian Springs, Ga., 149, 177, 180. 
 Indian Territorv, 
 IOWA, state of, 209. 
 Iowa City, Iowa, 210, 219. 
 Ionia, Mich., 215. 
 Ithaca, N. Y., 60, 73, 75, 77. 
 
 Jackson, Mich., 199,215,216. 
 
 Jackson, Mo., 184. 
 
 Jackson, La., 163. 
 
 Jackson, Miss., 158, 184, 185. 
 
 Jacksonville, Flor., 152. 
 
 Jacksonville, 111., 201, 216, 217. 
 
 Jamestown, N. Y., 126. 
 
 Jamestown, Va., 105, 132. 
 
 Jefferson City, Mo., 184, 204, 227. 
 
 JeftersonviUe, la., 223. 
 
 Jersey City, N. J., 48, 82. 
 
 Johnstown, Pa., 91. 
 
 Joliet, III., 214,216, 218. 
 
 Jonesboro, Tenn., 172, 174, 186. 
 
 Jordou's White Sulphur Springs!, Va., HO. 
 
 Kalamazoo, Mich., 199, 116, 215. 
 Kanawlia, Va., 133. 
 Kaskaskia, HI., 201, 216. 
 Keene, N. H., 64. 
 Kenton, O., 137. 
 KENTUCKY, state of, 188. 
 Keytesville, Mo., 220. 
 Kingston, N. Y., 72. 
 Kingston, Tenn., 172. 
 Knoxville, Tenn., 133, 172, 174, 176.177 
 178,186,211. . o, .//, 
 
 La Fayette, Ta., 196, 213, 217. 
 La Fayetle, La., 182. 
 La Grange, Ga., 150, 177, 179. 
 La Grange, Texas, 183. 
 Lake George, 55, 74. 
 Lancaster,"N. H., 62. 
 Lancaster, Pa., 124, 129. 
 Laporte, la., 213. 
 La Salle, 111., 216, 219. 
 Laurens, S. C., 176. 
 Lawrenceburg, la., 136, 194. 
 Lebanon, Pa., 126. 
 Lehigh Gap, Pa., 125. 
 Leonardstown, Md., 129. 
 Lewisburg, Va., 133. 
 Lewisburg, Ark., 183. 
 Lewislown, Pa., 124, 126. 
 
10 
 
 Lewistown, 111., 217. 
 Lexinarton, Mass., 29. 
 Lexington, Ky., 136, 185, 189, 211, 812. 
 Lexin^loM, Va., lii,133. 
 Leiiiiffton, Mo.. 207, 227. 
 Liberty, Mo., 207, 227. 
 Lincolmon, N. C, 141, 175. 
 Litchfield, Conn., 39, 70. 
 Little Falls, N. Y., 22, 56, 76. 
 Little Rock, Ark., 169, 1b3. 
 Littleton, N. H., 63. 
 Lock Haven, Pa., 126. 
 Lockport, N. Y., 68, 78. 
 Lo"-ansport, la., 196, 213, 214. 
 Long- Branch, N. J., 122. 
 LOUISIANA, state of, 160. 
 Louisville. Ky., 185, 188, 191, 211, 212. 
 Lowell, Mass., 30, 66. 
 Lynchburg, Va., 109, 133, 173. 
 Lyons, N. Y., 228. 
 
 Machias, Me., 61. 
 Macon, Ga., 149, 176, 178, 186, 
 Mackinac, Mich., 78, 137, 199. 
 Madison, la., 194,211,214. 
 Madison, Ga., 177, 179. 
 Madison, Wis., 208,217, 218. 
 Madisonville, Tenn., 178. 
 MAINE, state of, 13. 
 Malone, N. Y., 79. 
 Manchester, Vt., 66. 
 Mansfield, O., 120, 137. 
 Marietta, O., 117, 135. 
 Marshall, Mich., 199, 216. 
 MASSACHUSETTS, state of, 23. 
 MassilloM, O., 119, 127. 
 Maninsburg, N. Y., 76. 
 Martinsburg-, Va., 109, 137. 
 MARYLAND, stale of, 96. 
 Marysville, Tenn., 172. 
 Matagorda, Texas, 166,183. 
 Mauch ehunck, Pa., 92, 124, 125. 
 Maumee City, O., 121. 
 Maysville, Kv., 185, 190, 212. 
 Meadville, Pa., 90, 124. 
 Medina, O., 134, 135. 
 Memphis, Tenn., 171, 182, 187,224. 
 Mercer, Pa., 126. 
 Meredosia, 111., 217,219. 
 MICHIGAN, state of, 196. 
 Michigan Citv, la., 196, 213, 216, 219. 
 Middlebiirv, Vt., 22, 65. 
 Middlelown, Conn., 39,69. 
 Mifflintown, Pa., 124, 126. 
 Milford, Pa., 72, 125. 
 MiUord, Del., 95. 
 Mi.waukee, Wis., 208, 217, 219. 
 Milledg-eville, Ga., 148, 178, 179. 
 Millershiirg-, O., 135. 
 Milton, N. C, 1.12. 
 Mineral Springs, Flor., 179. 
 MISSISSIPPI, state of, 157. 
 Mi.ssissipni City, Miss., 182. 
 MiSSOURI, Slate of, 203. 
 Mobile, Ala., 154, 179, 180, 181. 
 Monroe, La., 182. 
 Monroe, Mich., 198,215. 
 Montgomery, Ala., 1.55, 180, 181. 
 Moiupelier, Vt., 22, 64, 65. 
 Montrose, Pa., 123, 126. 
 Montreal, Canada, 74. 
 Morgaiiiowii, N. i^,, 174. 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Morrislown, N. J., 82, 122. 
 
 Moitville, Mich., 215,218. 
 
 Mt. Clemen!^, Mich., 215. 
 
 Mt. Holly, N. J., 83. 
 
 Mt. Pleasanl, la., 212. 
 I Mt. yemo>i,VsL., 103, 129. 
 I Mt. Vernon, O., 120, 134. 
 
 Mumfordsville, Ky., 212. 
 
 Murfreesboro, Tenn., 172, 185. 
 
 Nacogdoches, Texas, 167, 182. 
 Nahant, Mass., 24. 
 Nantucket, Mass., 33, 67. 
 Napoleon, la., 214. 
 Napoleon, Ark., 18.1, 224. 
 Nashua, N. H., 20, 64, 66. 
 Nashville, Tenn., 171, 181, 184, 186. 
 Natchez, Miss., 158, 184, 185. 
 Natchitoches, La., 164, 182. 
 Natural Bridge,Wa.., 112, 133. 
 Natural Tunnel, Va., 112. 
 Nebraska. 
 
 New Albany, la., 194, 212. 
 Newark, N. J., 82, 72. 
 Newark, Del., 9.5, 125. 
 Newark, O., 120. 
 New Bedford, Mass., 31, 67, 68. 
 New Berne, N. C, !40, 173. 
 New Brunswick, N. J., 81, 122, 125. 
 Newburg, N. Y., 51, 75, 76. 
 Newburypoit, Mass., 30, 61, 63. 
 Newcastle, Del., 95, 127. 
 Newc-istle, Kv., 211. 
 NewEchnta, Ga., 186. 
 NEW JERSEY, state of, 80. 
 NEW HAxMPSHlRE, state of, 17. 
 New Haven, Conn., 37, 69, 70. 
 New Lebanon Springs, N. Y., 73. 
 New Lisbon, O., 119. 
 New London, Conn., 38, 68, 09. 
 New London, Mo., 220. 
 New Madrid, Mo., 207,224. 
 New Milford, Conn., 70, 73. 
 New Orleans, La., 131, 162, 182. 
 Newport, R. 1., 35, 68. 
 Newport, Kv., 190. 
 NE\V YORK, state of, 40. 
 New York, N. Y., 42, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 
 Niles, Mich., 215,216. 
 Niagara Falls, N. Y., 59, 78. 
 Norfolk, Va., 106, 131, 132. 
 Norridgewock, Me., 16, 62. 
 Norristown, Pa., 92, 12:t, 2.33. 
 Northampton, Mass., 32, 66. 
 NORTH CAROLINA, state of, 13 
 Northumberland, Pa., 92, 123, 126. 
 Norwich, Vt., 22. 
 Norwich, Conn., 39, 69, 70. 
 Norwich, N. Y., 77. 
 
 Oberlin, O., 120. 
 Og-derisburg, N. Y., 60, 76, 79. 
 OHIO, state of, 114. 
 Old Point Comfort, Va., 107. 
 Oldtown, Me., 15, 61. 
 Olean, N. Y., 78. 
 Onondaga, N. Y., 77. 
 Opelousas, La., 163, 188. 
 Orangeburg, S. C, 44. 
 Oregon Territory. 
 Oregon City, HI., 219. 
 Oikuey Springs, 1 10. 
 
 75,80.1 
 
INDEX. 
 
 11 
 
 Orono, Me., 61. 
 Oswe^-o, N. Y., 60, 76, 77. 
 Owe?o, N. Y., 72. 
 Oxtord, O., 121. 
 Oxlord, N. Y., 77. 
 
 Paducah,Ky., 182,22.3. 
 PainesviUe, O., 119, 127. 
 Palestine, 111., 218. 
 Palmvra, Mo., 206, 219. 
 
 PaoU; la., 212, 213. 
 
 Pans, Me., 62, 71. 
 
 Paris, Teiiii., 185, 213. 
 
 Paris, Ky., 185, 212. 
 
 Parkersburg, Va., 113, 130. 
 
 Paterson, N. J., 82, 72. 
 
 Pawtucket, 36. 
 
 Peekskill, N. Y., 73. 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA, state of, 84. 
 
 Pen.i Yan, N. Y., 60. 
 
 Peiisacola, Flor., 163, 179. 
 
 Peoria, 111., 202, 216, 217, 218, 219. 
 
 Peru, la., 233. 
 
 Petersburg, Va., 107, 132, 174. 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa., 7.3, 85, 123, 124, 125. 
 
 Pickensville, S. C, 176. 
 
 Pickensville, Ala., 180. 
 
 Pierrnont, N. Y., 71. 
 
 Pig-eoii Spriiifcs, la., 195. 
 
 Pikeville, Ala., 182. 
 ■ Pittsburg, Pa., 89,126,127,128,134,137,223. 
 
 Pittsfield, Mass., 73. 
 
 Platte City, Mo., 220. 
 
 Plattsburj, N. Y., 65, 71, 76, 79. 
 
 Plymouth, Mass., 31, 67. 
 
 Point Coupee, La., 182. 
 
 Point Pleasant, Va., 113, 133. 
 
 Poiiliac, Mich., 215. 
 
 Pontotoc, Miss., 184, 187. 
 
 Portland, Me., 14, 61, 62, 63. 
 
 Port Deposit, Md., 124, 125. 
 
 Port Gibson, Miss., 159. 
 
 Port Leon, Flor., 179. 
 
 Port Huron, Mich., 215. 
 
 Portsmouth, N. H., 19, 61, 63. 
 
 Portsmouth, Va., 133. 
 
 Porlsmouili, O., 118, 136. 
 
 Pottsville, Pa., 92, 123, 125. 
 
 Potosi, Mo., 183, 207. 
 
 Pou^hkeepsie, N. Y., 51, 73, 75. 
 
 Prairie du Cliien, Wis., 209, 218, 226. 
 
 Princeton, N. J., 81. 
 
 Providence, R. I., 35, 68, 70. 
 
 Quebec, Canada, 62. 
 Q,uincy, Flor., 179. 
 Quincy, III., 217. 
 
 Racine, Wis., 217. 
 
 Railway, N. J., 81. 
 
 Raleigh, N. C, 139, 173. 
 
 R.iveniia, O., 127. 
 
 Readina:, Pa., 92, 123, 125, 126. 
 
 Red Sulphur Springs, Va., 111. 
 
 Reynoldsbui;o-, Tenn., 185, 187. 
 
 RHODE ISLAND, state of, 34. 
 
 Richmond, Va., 106, 129, 132, 174. 
 
 Riveriiead, N. Y., 70. 
 
 Rochester, N. Y., 57, 72, 78, 79. 
 
 Rocktoid, 111., 218. 
 
 R.OCK Island Citv, III., 203,219. 
 
 Kuckport, la., 224. 
 
 Rockville, Md., 130. 
 Rome, N. Y., 56, 74, 76. 
 Rome, Ga., 149, 179, 187. 
 Roxburv, Mass., 29. 
 Rushvilie, la., 214. 
 Russelville, Ala., 182. 
 Russelville, Ky., 211. 
 Rutersville, Texas, 167, 183. 
 Rutherford, N. C, 176. 
 Rutland, Vt., 66. 
 
 Sackett's Harbor, N. Y., 60, 76. 
 
 Sag Harbor, N. Y., 70. 
 
 St. Albans, Vt., 22, 65. 
 
 St. Aug-ustine, Flor., 152, 179. 
 
 St. Augustine, Texas, 183. 
 
 St. Charles, Mo., 206, 227. 
 
 St. ClairsviUe, O., 117, 135. 
 
 St. Francisville, La., 16.3, 182. 
 
 St. Genevieve, Mo., 226. 
 
 St. Joseph, Mich., 199, 212, 213, 215. 
 
 St. John's, Canada, 71, 74. 
 
 St. Joseph, Mo., 207, 227. 
 
 St. Louis, Mo., 183, 206,212, 220, 221,226. 
 
 St. Marv's, Ga., 177. 
 
 St. Stephen's, Ala., 156, 180. 
 
 Saginaw, Mich., 215. 
 
 Salem, Mass., 29, 61, 68. 
 
 Salem, N. Y., 64. 
 
 Salem, N. J., 83, 12.3. 
 
 Salem, N. C, 141, 173. 
 
 Salem, Ky., 185, 212. 
 
 Salisbury, N. C, 141, 174,175. 
 
 Salt Sulphur Spnno-s, Va., HI. 
 
 Sandusky, O., 120, 137. 
 
 Sandy H'lU, N. Y., 74. 
 
 San Antonio de Bexar, Texas, 167. 
 
 San Augustine, Texas, 167, 183. 
 
 San Pliilipe de Ausiin, Texas, 167, 183. 
 
 Santa Fc, Texas, !68, 221. 
 
 Saratoga Springs, N. Y., 54, 74. 
 
 Saratoga Lake, N. Y., 54. 
 
 Sault St. Mane, Mich., 78, 199 
 
 Savannah, Ga., 146, 176, 177, 179. 
 
 Schoharie, N. Y., 75. 
 
 Schenectady, N. Y., 65, 74, 79. 
 
 Schooley's Mountain, N. J., 83, 122. 
 
 Scottsville, Ky., 136. 
 
 Selma, Ala., 156, 181. 
 
 Seneca Falls, N. Y., 56, 57, 74, 79. 
 
 Shamiondale Springs, Va., lOy. 
 
 Sharon Sulphur Springs, N. Y., .Sii, 76. 
 
 Shawneetowii, III., 202, 216,217, 224. 
 
 Shelbyville, Ky., 211. 
 
 Shelbyville, la., 136,214. 
 
 Shelbyville, 111., 217. 
 
 Shocco White Sulphur Springs, 
 Shreveport, La., 164, 182, 183. 
 Shrewsbury, N. J., 122. 
 Sing Sing, N. Y., 71, 73, 75. 
 Skaneateles, N. Y., 77. 
 
 174. 
 
 Smithland, Ky., 192,212,224. 
 Sravrna, Del., 95. 
 Snow Hill, Md., 99, 128. 
 Society Hill, S. C, 175. 
 Somerville, N. J., 81. 
 Somerville, Tenn., 186, 187. 
 South Ambov, N. J., 83. 
 Suuili Bend, la.. Iy6, 213. 
 SOUTH CAROLINA, state of 
 
 140. 
 
12 
 
 Sparta, Ga., 186. 
 Spartansbunr, S. C, 146, 175. 
 Spring-field, Mass., 32, 66, 73. 
 Spriiig-tieia, O., 121, 134, 136. 
 Springfield, Mu., 207,221. 
 Springfield, III., 201, 216, 217. 
 Spring Place, Ga., 177. 
 Stafford Springs, Ct., 39. 
 Statesville, N. C, 174. 
 Staunton, Va., 110, 132, 133. 
 Sieubenville, O., 118, 127, 134. 
 Sioning-ton, Conn., 39, 68, 69. 
 Sulphur and Tar Springs, Ky., 1S2. 
 Sunburv, Pa., 92, 126. 
 Sweet Springs, Va., 111. 
 Syracuse, N. Y., S6, 74, 76, 77. 
 
 Talbotton, Ga., 176, 179. 
 Tallahassee, Flor., 152, 179. 
 Tarboro', 140, 173. 
 Taunton, Mass., 31, 67, 68. 
 Tavloisville, Tenn., 186. 
 TENNESSEE, Slate of, 170. 
 Terre Haute, la., 195, 213, 217. 
 TEXAS, state of, 164. 
 Thoinaston, Me., 16, 61, 62, 
 Tiffin, O., 137. 
 Toledo, O., 120, 131, 134. 
 Tolland, Conn., 69. 
 Topshain, Me., 16, 61. 
 Towanda, Pa., 125. 
 Trenton, N. J., 81, 122. 
 Trenton Falls, N. Y., 56, 76. 
 Troy, N. V., 71,74, 75. 
 Tunkhannock, Pa., 123. 
 Tuscaloosa, Ala., 155, 179, 181,186. 
 Tuscunibia, Ala., 156, 181, 185. 
 Tyree's Springs, Tenn., 185. 
 
 Union Point, Ga., 176, 187. 
 Uniontown, Pa., ISO. 
 Unionvtlle, S. C, 175. 
 Urbana, O., 137. 
 Utica, N. Y., 56, 74, 76, 77. 
 
 Valley Forge, Pa., 92. 
 Van Buren, Ark., 182, 184. 
 VandaJia, III., 202,213,216. 
 Velasco, Texas, 183. 
 Veraennes, Vt., 22, 64. 
 VERMONT, state of, 80. 
 Versailles, Ky., 211. 
 Versailles, la., 214. 
 Vevav, la., 214, 223. 
 Vicksburg, Miss., 159, 184. 
 Vienna, Ala., 180. 
 Vienna, 111., 216. 
 Vincennes, la., 212, 216. 
 VIRGINIA, Slate of, 104. 
 
 Wadesboro, N. C, 175. 
 Warm Springs, Va., 110. 
 Warm Springs, N. C, 174, 186. 
 Warren, Pa., 126. 
 Warreiitoii, Va., 108. 
 Warrenton, N. C, 132, 140. 
 Warsaw, Ky., 223. 
 
 Warsaw, 111., 220. 
 Washington, Pa., 90, 127, 136. 
 WASHINGTON, D. C, 73, 100, 128, 129, 
 
 130, 173. 174, 185. 
 Washington, N. C, 140, 173. 
 Washington, Texas, 166, 183. 
 Washington, Miss., 158, 184. 
 Washington, Ark., 183. 
 Washington, la., 212. 
 Washington, O., 136. 
 Walerlord, Me., 62. 
 Waterloo, N. ¥., 57, 74, 79. 
 Watertown, N. Y., 76. 
 Waterville, Me., 16,62. 
 Weldon, N. C, 129, 140, 174. 
 Wellsburg, Va.. 113, 222. 
 Westchester, Pa., 94. 
 West Point, N. Y., 50,71. 
 West Point, Ga., 177. 
 Westport, Ky., 223. 
 West Union, O., 135. 
 Welhersfield, Conn., 68. 
 Wetumpka, Ala., 155, 180. 
 Wheeling, Va., 113, 127, 128, 130, 134. 
 Whitehall, N. Y., 55, 64, 71, 74. 
 White Mountains, N. H., 17, 65. 
 White Plains, N. Y., 71. 
 White Sulphur Springs, Va., Ill, I2i), 133. 
 White Sulphur Springs, Ga., 150. 
 White Sulphur Springs, Flor., 152. 
 Wilkesbarre, la., 93, 123, 125. 
 Wilkesboro, N. C, 173. 
 Williamsburg, Va., 107,132. 
 Williainsport, Pa., 92, 123, 126. 
 Williainsport, la., 214. 
 Williamstown, Mass., 33,66. 
 Wilmington, Del., 73, 95, 125, 127. 
 Wilmington, N. C, 140, 174, 175. 
 Winchester, Va., 110, 129, 132. 
 Winchester, Tenn., 186. 
 Windsor, Vt., 22. 
 Wiscassett, Me., 61. 
 WISCONSIN, 208. 
 Woodbury, N. J., 83, 123. 
 Woodstock, Vi., 22, 63. 
 Woodstock, Va., 110. 
 Woodville, Miss., 182. 
 Woonsocket Falls, R. I., 34,68. 
 Wooster, O., 120, 127, 1.34. 
 Worcester, Mass., 32, 66, 69, 74. 
 Wyoming, Pa., 93, 123. 
 WyiheviRe, 112, 173, 184. 
 
 Xenia,0., 121,134, 136. 
 
 Yazoo City, Miss., 159. 182. 
 Yellow Springs, O., 121, 134, 136. 
 York, Pa., 91, 124, 128. 
 York Sulphur Springs, 91. 
 Yorktown, Va., 108, 132. 
 Yorkville, S. C, 175, 176. 
 Youngstown, N. Y., 78. 
 Ypsilanti, Mich., 198, 215, 218. 
 
 ZanesviUe, O., 117, 127,134, 135. 
 Zebulon, Ga., 178. 
 
STATE OF MAINE. 
 
 13 
 
 Till- ino^t nnrllii a-torly ^tdt( of the republic, extends 
 from lat. 4:5° to 47° 24' N., and between Ion. 6° and 10° 
 E Iroin Washington, and contains an area of 30,000 
 -qiure miles. Population, 1840, 501.792. The state is 
 d.v ided into 13 counties. Us shores are indented by deep 
 bay-., forming many excellent harbors; and its waters 
 arc ^tudded with numerous islands of every variety of 
 lorn) and size, from the rocky islet to those of 150 square 
 miie^ m extent. 
 
 Near the coast the surface is level, but it rises on proceeding inland ; and 
 most part of the state is hilly, forming in many places a congeries of hills, 
 or elevated cones, several of which reach an elevation of 4000 feet, and 
 Mt. Eatahdin rises to the height of 5333 feet above the level of the sea. In 
 t.he northwest, an elevated ndge forms the water-siied dividing the waters 
 of the St. Lawrence from those of the Atlantic ; a lateral branch of this 
 ridge, of still less elevation, Separates llie Kennebec and Penobscot rivers 
 from the St. John's. 
 
 It ha'^ been estimated that one-sixth part of the surface of Mame consists 
 of water. There are numerous lakes, the largest and most noted of which 
 are Moosehead, Sebago, Chesuncook, and Umbagog. A part of the 
 waters of the latter extend into New Hampshire. Some of these lakes are 
 justly celebrated for the picturesque beauties of their scenery. ^ A steam- 
 boat has been built to ply on the waters of Moosehead lake. The Kenne- 
 bec and the Penobscot are the two most important streams,— the former is 
 navigable to Augusta, and the latter to Bangor. Their shores are adorned 
 with villages, and the intervals along their margins are the most fertde and 
 best cultivated in the state. The Saco, Androscoggin, and St. Croix rivers 
 enter the Atlantic. St. John's and its confluents, the Walloostook, Alla- 
 gash, and Aroostook, drain the northern part of the state. The St. John's 
 forms a part of the northern boundary of the state, by the late treaty of 
 Washington, and its waters are open to the free navigation of both nations. 
 The principal bays are— Casco, Penobscot, Machias, and Passamaquoddy. 
 The climate is healthy ; but the winters are long and severe. The prin- 
 cipal productions are— Indian corn, wheat, barley, rye, flax, and the 
 grasses. The uncleared lands are of great extent, and furnish an immense 
 amount of pine and other lumber. Marble and lime are extensively ex- 
 ported. On the sea-coast large quantities of cod-fish are dried and prepared 
 fur the market ; and the rivers abound in excellent salmon. Ship-building 
 is extensive'y carried on. 
 
 The principal literary institutions are— Bowdoin College, at Brunswick ; 
 Waterville College, at Waterville ; the Bangor Theological Seminary, at 
 Bangor; and the Wesleyan Seminary, at Read field ; and there are about 
 i)0 academies and 4000 common schools throughout the state. 
 
14 
 
 STATE OF MAINE. 
 
 The government is vested in a governor, senate, and house of represent- 
 atives, who are elected annually. The senate consists of 31, and the house 
 of representatives of 151 members. Seven counsellors are elected by the 
 legislature to advise the governor on all matters pertaining to his legislative 
 duties. The judiciary consists of a supreme judicial court and a court of 
 common pleas, each composed of a chief justice and two associate justices. 
 The judges of the supreme court are appomted by the governor and coun- 
 cil, and hold their officer during good behavior, or until they have attained 
 the age of 70 years. The right of suffrage is possessed by every male citi- 
 zen of the United States, 21 years of age, (excepting paupers, persons 
 nnder guardianship, and Indians not taxed,) who shall have resided in the 
 state for three months next preceding an election. 
 
 The first permanent settlement in Maine was made about the year lfi30 ; 
 and in 1652 the inhabitants were placed under the jurisdiction, and formed 
 a part of, the colony, subsequently the state of Massachusetts. It was 
 styled the District of Maine until the year 1820, when it was admitted into 
 the Union as an independent state. The constitution was formed in 1819. 
 
 The railroads, with the distances between each depot, will be found in 
 the accompanying tables of routes; for example, see Portland, Saco, and 
 Portsmouth railroad pages. 61 and 62 , 
 
 The nictropuli^ n situated on a pcnmsul?, at the western extremity of 
 C'asco bay. It is 1U5 miles trom Boston, JiiU from JNew \ork, and 545 
 from Washington. Population, 15,500. The harbor is safe, spacious, and 
 easy of access ; completely landlocked; and is well defended by forts 
 Preble and Scammel. The ground on which the city is built, rises at its 
 eastern and northern extremities, presenting a beautiful appearance when 
 approached from the sea— rising like an amphitheatre between two hills. 
 The public buildings are — a court-house, jail, city hall, custom-house, 
 an exchange, an athen^um, with a library of 5,000 volumes, 16-churches, 
 and 11 academies. On Mt. Joy, an eminence a little to the northeast part 
 of the city, is an observatory 82 feet high, and 220 feet above the level 
 of the sea, from which a beautiful view is obtained of the harbor, its islands, 
 and the surrounding country. Cars leave dailii for Boston and the. inter- 
 mediate places. Fare to Boston, $3. Stages leave daily for Eastport 
 and Calais, via Brunswick, Tkomaston, and Belfast ; also for Hovlton, 
 via ..Sugusta and Bangor. ..1 triiDeeldy line runs to the White Moun- 
 tains ; and also to Quebec, vm .Augusta and Norridgewock. Steamboats 
 •ply between Boston and Portland, and Bangor and Portland. 
 
 ^^ For tables of distances, see routes in Maine, pages 61 to 79 where 
 will be found the railroad, steamboat, and stage routes from the cities and 
 principal towns tliroughout the state, with the distances between the inter- 
 mediate placea. 
 
 AuGCSTA, the capital, is situated on both sides of the Kennebec river. 
 
STATE OF MAINE. 
 
 15 
 
 43 miles from the sea, and at the head of sloop navigation. It is 150 
 miles NNE. from Boston, 469 from New York, and 595 from Wasliington ; 
 and contains a state house, a United States arsenal, a state insane hospital, 
 a high school, 6 churches, and 6,000 inhabitants. The State House ia sit- 
 uated on an eminence, on the west side of _-^^ ^^ 
 the river. The central part is 84 feet long, 
 and 56 deep, with two wings, each 34 feet 
 long and 54 deep. It has a Doric portico ot 
 8 columns; and before it is a spacious park, 
 adorned with trees and shrubbery. There is 
 a tine bridge across the Kennebec, and a sub 
 stantial darn has been constructed across the 
 river a short distance above, forming a veiy 
 extensive water-power. Stages leave dai/i/ 
 fur Portland and Bangor ; three times a week for BeljaoL and Thomaston ; 
 for Anson and Phillips, and also for Frycburg. 
 
 Bangor is situated at the head of navigation, on the west side of the 
 Penobscot river, which is liere crossed by a bridge 1,320 feet long. It is 
 222 miles from Boston, 436 from New York, 663 from Washington. It 
 occupies an eminence from which a fine view is obtained of the surrounding 
 country. Steamboats ply regularly between this place, Portland, and 
 Boston. It contains a court-house, jail, a bank, 7 churches, the Bangor 
 Theological Semina-y, 2 academies, and about 11,000 inhabitants. The 
 Theological Seminary has 3 professors, 50 students, 139 alumni, and 7,000 
 volumes in its library. It gives a classical and theological course in four 
 years. The lumber trade of Bangor is extensive. Stages leave daily for 
 Portland ; three times a week to Hovlton ; also for Calais, Castine, Bel- 
 fast, Skoichegan, S,c. 
 
 Old Town is on an island of the same name in Penobscot river, 12 
 miles fiom Bangor ; here are manufactured immense quantities of boards, 
 &.C. On another island, about a mile above, are the remnant of Penobscot 
 Indians, (about 360. ) They have a small church. 
 
 Brunswick is situated on the left bank of the Androscoggin river, at the 
 Pejepscot Falls, which here make an extensive water-power. It con- 
 tains 9 churches, -== 
 
 two academie^, a __. 
 
 cotton and wool- ""^f^^ 
 
 len factory, and 
 4,500 inhabitants. 
 It is the seat ot 
 Bowdoin Collcgt, 
 which was found- 
 ed in 1794, and or 
 ganized in lh02 ; 
 
 has a president and nnie protcsbors, or other ni-ttuctor'!, 749 alumni, 190 
 students, and 23,9.)0 volume's in its hbrariLh. The commnicemont \b 
 on the 1st Wednesday in September. Attached to this institution, is 
 Maine Medical School, founded in 1820, which has 4 professors, 60 stu- 
 dents, and 464 graduates. The lectures commence on the 15th of Feb- 
 ruary, annually. The philosophical apparatus and cabinets of anatomical 
 preparations, mineralogy, and natural history, are very complete. It re- 
 ceived a donation of $10,000 from James Bowdoin, Esquire, its principal 
 benefactor, from whom it was named. The state has granted it five 
 townships of land and $3,000 annually. Its principal edifice has been 
 
16 STATE OF MAINE. 
 
 several times burned, but lias been rebuilt. The college chapel, a granite 
 edifice, is in the Romanesque style of architecture. 
 
 Bath is situated on the right bank of Kennebec river, 12 miles from the 
 sea. It is built on a declivity, and extends for a mile and a half along tlie 
 river, and three-fourths of a mile back from it. It has an excellent harbor, 
 and vessels of the largest class come up to its wharves. It contains 2 
 banks, several churches, 5 academies, 75 stores, and 5,500 inhahitanls. 
 Steamboats ply regularly between this place and Portland, and Boston, the 
 most part of the year. 
 
 Thomaston is situated at the head of St. George's bay, and contains the 
 Baptist Theological Institute, a bank, 3 arademies, the state prison, several 
 churches, and 5,000 inhabitants. The Tneological Institute was founded 
 1837 ; has 2 professors, 23 students, and .500 volumes in its library. The 
 state prison is near the bank of the river, and attached to it are 10 acres of 
 •ground. The buildings are of stone, surrounded by a high wall. Im- 
 mense quantities of lime of the best quality are manufactured here. 
 
 Belfast is pleasantly situated on an arm of Penobscot bay, 30 miles from 
 
 the sea; and has a spanious harbor, sufficiently deep for vessels of the 
 
 largi ~t 1 1 1-- It 1 - - ' I m1 churches, an academy, and 4,500 inhabitants. 
 
 I'Iastport is situated on IVloose Island, 
 
 and is coimected by a bridge with the 
 
 m.iin land. It is the easternmost town in 
 
 the United States; has a good harbor, and 
 
 contains 5 churches, an academy, a Uoited 
 
 States garrison, and 2,000 inhabitants. 
 
 Calais is situated on the right bank of the 
 St. Croix river, at the falls, opposite St. 
 Andrews, 250 miles from Portland, and has 
 about 3,000 inhabitants. 
 Hallowell is pleasantly situated on the right bank of the Kennebec 
 river, and contains 5 churches, an academy, and 5,000 inhabitants. 
 Steamboats ply to Portland and Boston. Gneiss is extensively quarried 
 Tinder the name of Hallowell granite, and exported to most of the eastern 
 states. 
 
 Casting is situated on a promontory in the E. side of Penobscot bay, and 
 has a good harbor. It contains about 1,200 inhabitants. 
 
 Houlton, 120 miles NNE. of Bangor, is situated on a small stream 
 emptying into St. John's river, near the New Brunswick line. It con- 
 tains the Hancock barracks, a United States military post, several stores, 
 and 1,5(j0 inhabitants. 
 
 Watkrvillk, 18 miles north of Augusta, is situated on the right 
 bank of the Kennebec river, near the Teconick Falls ; and contains a 
 bank, several churches, and about 1,.500 inhabitants. It is the seat 
 of Waterville College under the direction of the Baptists. It has a 
 president and six professors, 21t) alunuii, 70 students, and 7,000 volumes 
 in its libraries. The commencement is on the 2d Wednesday in August. 
 
 Fryebiirg, 48 miles from Portland, is beautifully situated on a plain, and 
 contains a church and an academy. Lovell's Pond lies near the village, 
 famous as the scene of a desperate fight between the whites and Indians in 
 early times. 
 
 Topsham on the Androscoggin river ; Gardiner and J^orridgewock on 
 the Kennebec river ; Bucksport and Pravkport on the Penobscot river ; 
 Bristol on the Damariscotta river ; and Machias on the Machias river, are 
 large and thriving places. 
 
STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE. 
 
 17 
 
 Is situated between lat. 42** 41' and 45° 11' N., and 
 ^270^ 40' and 72'^ 30' W. Ion. It contains 9,194 square 
 miles, and 284,574 inhabitants. 
 
 This state has only 18 miles of seacoast, and the shore 
 IS generally a sandy beach. Portsmouth is the only 
 good harbor in the state. A short distance from the 
 coast, the country becomes beautifully diversified by hill 
 and dale, and adorned by several picturesque sheets of 
 water. The White Mountains are situated a little north 
 of the centre of the state, and have become a place of great resort during 
 the summer months ; they are usually ascended from the southeast. After 
 climbing the sides of the mountain for some distance, the forest trees 
 begin to diminish in height, until at the elevation of about 4,000 feet, you 
 come to a region of dwarfish evergreens, which put forth numerous 
 branches and surround the mountain with a formidable hedge, a quarter of 
 a mile in thickness. On emerging from this thicket, you are above all 
 woods, and at the foot of what is called the bald part of the mountain, 
 which is very steep, and consists of a huge pile of naked rocks. After at- 
 taining the summit, the traveller is recompensed for his toil and trouble, if 
 the sky be serene, by a most noble and extensive prospect. The other principal 
 mountain peaks are IMoosehillock, 4,636 feet high ; the Grand Monadnock, 
 3,254 feet above the level of the sea ; and Kearsarge, 2,461 feet high, on 
 the west, and the Moose and Ossippee mountains on tiie east. These moun- 
 tains, though not a connected range, are regarded as a continuation of the 
 Alleghanies. 
 
 The notch or gap in the White Mountains, is justly regarded as a 
 curiosity. It is on the west side of the mountains, near the source of Saco 
 river. It is a deep and narrow defile, in one part 
 only 22 feet wide. The mountain mass appears 
 as if riven quite to its base by some convulsion of 
 nature, perpendicularly on one side, and on the 
 other, at an angle of forty-five degrees; The 
 road which has been made through this pass is 
 crossed by the river Saco, which rushes rapidly 
 down the sides of the mountain, and gives a 
 picturesque effect to the scenery. 
 
 The Silver Cascade, a beautiful sheet of water 
 is precipitated over three precipices, from a height 
 of 250 feet into a basin formed by the hand of 
 nature, in the rock beneath. In its fall it presents 
 a diversity of pleasing appearances ; and in this 
 whole mountain region, nature seems to have 
 sported her wildest fancies. The lakes form another pet uliar char..cteris- 
 tic of this slate ; Wiunipiseogee is 23 miles long and 10 bioud m its 
 
 
m 
 
 STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE. 
 
 widest part. It8 form is very irregular ; its shores exliibit almost every 
 gradation of scenery, and its surface is studded with numerous islands. Tlie ' 
 waters are very pure, heing supplied mostly by springs. Squam lake ia ; 
 6 miles in length and about 3 in breadth, and is surrounded by bold and \ 
 rugged scenery. It embosoms many islands. Ossippee, Sunapee, Con- i 
 necticut, and JVewfoand lakes are smaller, but picturesque sheets of 
 water. Another object of curiosity in this state is Bellow's Falls, ! 
 in the Connecticut river, at Walpole. 'I'he descent of the water in the j 
 space of 100 rods, is 44 feet ; there are several pitches one above j 
 another ; at the highest of which a large rock divides the stream into I 
 two channels, each about 90 feet wide. Wlien the water is low, the | 
 eastern channel is dry, being crossed by a bar of solid rock ; and the | 
 wliole stream falls into the western channel, where it is contracted to 
 the breadth of si.\teen feet, and flows with astonishing force and 
 rapidity. A bridge has been constructed over these falls ; and a canal 
 half a mile long, with nine locks around them on the west side. ' 
 Amoskeag Falls, in the Merrimac, consists of three successive pilches, 
 falling nearly 50 feet. Tliere are also extensive caverns at Ciiester. The I 
 Profile Mountain, at Franconia, is a singular eminence. It is a regular 
 peak 1,000 feet in height, presenting a bold front of solid rock ; a side view 
 of this exhibits a profile of the human face. 
 
 The Connecticut river has its source in the highlands on the north border ^ 
 of the state, and its west branch forms the boundary line between New 
 Hampshire and Canada, to within one mileof the 45th deg. of ^.latitude. Its 
 general course is south by west, and dividing JVew Hampshire and Ver- i 
 mont, it passes through the western part of Massachusetts, and the central j 
 part of Connecticut, where it enters Long Island Sound. Merrimac river, 
 the Pemigewassit branch, rises near the Notch in the White Mountains, ' 
 and is joined by the Winnipiseogee, 70 miles below the source of the 
 former. It here takes the name of Merrimac. The Androscoggin and j 
 Saco, rise and have part of their course in this state. 
 
 The principal literary histitutions of the state are — Dartmouth College in ■ 
 Hanover, and the Gilmanton Theological Seminary at Gilmanton. There 
 are in the state about 70 academies, and 2,200 common schools. j 
 
 The constitution was formed in 1784, and in 1792 was altered to its I 
 present form. The governor is elected annually by the people on tiie 
 second Tuesday in March. He must have resided in the state for seven years | 
 next preceding his election, be thirty-five years of age, and possess property j 
 to the amount of X'500, one half of which must be a freehold within the 
 state. The council consists of five members chosen by the people, who , 
 must have resided in the state for seven years, and possess property to the | 
 amount of £500, and be thirty years of age. The legislature consists of 
 the senate and house of representatives, and is denominated the General | 
 Court of New Hainpsliire. The senate consists of twelve members chosen 
 annually by the people, who must be at least thirty years of age, have | 
 resided in the state for seven years preceding the election, and possess 
 property within tlie state to the amount of jC200. The house of represen- 
 tatives consists of 250 members, elected annually by the people. A mem- 
 ber must have resided two years in the state next preceding his election, 
 be thirty years of age, and possess property to the amount of jCIOO, 
 Within the district which he represents, one half of which must be a free- i 
 hold. All judicial officers are nominated and appointed by the governor 
 and council, and hold their offices during good beliavior ; but are removable 
 by the governor, with the consent of the council, at the represeatAtion of 
 
STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE. 19 
 
 both houses of the legislature. No judicial officer can hold office after he 
 is 70 years of age. The secretary and treasurer are elected by the joint- 
 ballot of both houses of the legislature. Every male citizen of the age of 
 21 years or over, excepting paupers, and persons excused from paying taxes 
 at their own request, has the riglit of suffrage. 
 
 The tirst settlements made in the state were at Dover and Ports- 
 mouth, in 1623. In 1641, all its settlements, by a voluntary act, submitted to 
 Massachusetts, but were made a separate province by an act of Charles II., 
 in 1679. A temporary government was established in 1776, to continue 
 during the war of the Revolution. June 21st, 1788, the state in convention 
 adopted the constitution of the United States, yeas .57, nays 46. 
 
 Portsmouth, a port of entry, and the capital of Rockingham county, is 
 tlie largest town in the state. It is pleasantly situated on a peninsula, on the 
 right bank of Piscataqua river, three miles from the ocean. The harbor is 
 completely land-locked, and has the advantage of being always free from ice. 
 Portsmouth is 54 miles north of Boston, and 493 from Washington. Two 
 bridges connect it with Kittery on tlie opposite side of the river in Maine ; an- 
 otlier bridge connects it with Great Island, on which is a light-house. On Con- 
 tinental Island, on the opposite side of the harbor, is the navy yard. The town 
 contains 8 churches, 7 hanking houses, a custom house, 2 markets, an 
 academy, an atheneum, an almsliouse, a state lunatic hospital, and about 
 8.000 inhabitants. The atheneum, a very flourishing institution, was in- 
 corporated in 1817, and has a library of more than 5,000 volumes, besides 
 cabinets of minerals and of natural history. Cars arrive from, and depart 
 daily fur Boston, (fare $1.50,) and for Portland, {fare $1.50.) Stages 
 leave three times a week for Concord. 
 
 Concord, the capital of the state, is situated on the right bank of the 
 Merrimac river. It is 76 miles NNW. from - r. 
 
 Boston, and 481 from Washington. It lies 
 chiefly on 2 streets, one of which extends 
 nearly 2 miles. It contains a state house, a 
 court-house, jail, bank, state prison, eight 
 churches, 350 dwellings, and about 4,000 
 inhabitants. The State House is an ele- 
 gant structure of hewn granite, 126 feet 
 long, and 49 feet wide. The hall of repre- 
 
 eentatives and the senate chamber, are 
 
 spacious and elegant rooms. By means of artificial locks and canals 
 around the falls in Merrimac river, and the Middlesex canal, a navigable 
 communication exists from Boston to this place. Cars arrive from, and 
 dcjjart twice daily for Boston, (distance 76 miles ; fare §1.75.) Stages 
 leave three times a week for Portsmouth ; and for Hie White Mountains ; 
 and for Burlington, Ft., via Hanover and Montpelier — thence connecting 
 tfjith a steamboat line to Montreal; and for Montreal, via Haverhill, 
 Derby, and Stanstead, Canada; and also for Brattleboro, Ft., via Keene. 
 
 Dover, the capital of Straftord county, is prettily situated at the Lower 
 falls of the Cochecto, which aflords an abundant water-power. It contains 
 a court-house, jail, 2 academies, 10 churches, several extensive manufac- 
 turing establishments, and about 5,000 inhabitants. Cars arrive from, and 
 depart for Boston daily, {distance 66 miles ; fare $1.75;) also from 
 Portland, (43 7iiiles ; fare $1.25.) Stages leave for the White Mountains 3 
 times a week. 
 
 Grkat Falls Village, 6 miles north of Dover, contains several 
 manufacturing establishments, and 2,500 inhabitants. 
 
20 
 
 STATE OF VERMOx\T. 
 
 Exeter, at the head of tide water, on Exeter river, has a coUTt-liouse, 
 n bank, 4 churciies, an ac;idemy with a valuable library, philosophical 
 apparatus, &c., and several mauu factories. Ckirs pass through it daily 
 from Boston to Portland, 
 
 Nashua is on the right bank of the Merrimac river, 41 miles from 
 Boston. It contains several manufacturing establishments, 10 churches, 
 many pretty residences, and about 7,000 inliabitants. Carg arrive from, 
 and depart three times daily for Boston {fare §.1,) and Concord, (fare 
 75 cts.) Stages leave daily for Windsor, Ft. ; three times a week to 
 Bratllrhoio, Vt., aud three tivies a week to Worcester, Mass. 
 
 Han<)\1'R I- pi(.i-aiitly situated on the left bank of the Connecticut 
 ~ river, and contains a church, many neat dwel- 
 
 lings, and the buildings of Dartmouth College. 
 'I'his institution was founded in 1770, and be- 
 ^ides the collegiate, it has a medical depart- 
 ment. It has a president and 15 professors or 
 [J2J other instructors; has had 2,228 alumni, haa 
 Xl\ students, and 16, .500 volume.-* in its libraries. 
 Tiie commencement is on the last Thursday in 
 July The midi( il dt i> irtnient, instituted in 1779, has 6 professors, 80 
 students, and iias had 577 graduates. The lectures commence on the 
 first Thursday in August. Stages pass through Hanover for Concord and 
 JiiLnitpelier, 
 
 Haverhill is on the east bank of Connecticut river, and has a court- 
 house, bank, a church, an academy, and about 60 dwellings. 
 
 GiLMANTON is 20 miles north of Concord, situated on the Suncook 
 river. The village contains an academy and the GilmantAin Theological 
 Seminary, founded in 1835. It has 3 prolessors, 26 students, and 4,300 
 volumes in its libraries. 
 
 ./ -~ lU ) N., an. 
 
 #,v^-. ^, ^=*) of 9,0.= 
 
 'H MONT In- b.twemlat 42° 44' and 4.5» OC 30" 
 d 710 30' to 73" 20 VV. Ion., and contains an area 
 , u. i,,0.'i6i sq. miles : and in 1840, 291,948 inh-ibitants. 
 ^ This state presents a very considerable variety of sur- 
 face. It is traversed from north to south by the Green 
 Mountain range ; some summits of which rise to a 
 ■t height of 4,279 feet above the sea. About the centre of 
 '"^ ' the state, they divide into two ridges, the principal of 
 which passes in a north-northeast direction, into Canada. The Green 
 Mountains are from ten to fifteen miles wide, much intersected by valleys 
 abounding with springs and brooks, and are mostly covered with cver- 
 ereens to their summits, from which tboy have derivid their name. The 
 
STATE OF VERMONT. 2.1 
 
 rivers are inconsiderable : most, of those flowing east are merely small 
 tributaries of the Connecticut ; those on the east side are larger and 
 ionger, and the three principal, viz., Lamoille, Missisque, and Winooski, 
 rise on the east side of tlie princiiial mountain chain," which they break 
 through and enter Lake Champlain. Otter creek rises on the west side of 
 tlie mountains, and enters Lake Cliamplain. 
 
 The climate varies according to differences of level and other circum- 
 Btances. It is healthy, although the winters are severe. The soil is 
 fertile, but more suitable for pasturage than tillage. Wool is the staple 
 production ; sheep, horses, and cattle are raised in great numbers. 
 
 The legislature formerly consisted of a single house of assembly, but in 
 1836, two separate houses (a senate of 30 members, and a house of 
 representatives, composed of one member from each town) were established, 
 which, together with its governor, lieutenant-governor, and executive couu 
 oil, are chosen annually by the people. The right of suffrage is vested 
 in every male citizen 21 years of age, who has resided in the st.ate 
 for the year previous to the election. The judicial power is in a supreme 
 court of live judges, and county courts eacli composed of one judge of the 
 supreme court, and two assistant judges. Judges are chosen annual'y by 
 the general assembly, and a court of censors, by a popular vote once in 7 
 years. The general assembly meet annually in October. 
 
 Tliere are three colleges in Vermont, viz., the University of Vermont 
 at Burlington, Middlebury College at INIiddlebury, and Norwich University 
 at Norwich ; and there are about 50 academiesT and 2,500 common 
 schools throughout the state. 
 
 BuRLTNCioN IS (If ha'ittuliy situah d upon the tongue of land formed by 
 the confluence of the \Vl^oo^ki, or Onion n\er, wuh Lnke Champlain. It 
 is the most important town in Vermont ; it is 40 mdes WNVV. from Mont- 
 pelier, 300 N. from New York, and 513 from Washington. Population in 
 1840, 4,271. Here is a court-house, a jail, 2 banking houses, 6 churches, 
 one university, an academy, and a female seminary. The buildings of the 
 University of Vermont, 4 in number, are on high ground on the ea.st side of 
 the village. This institution was founded in 1791. It has a president and 
 7 professors, 277 alumni, 125 students, and 9,200 volumes in its libraries. 
 The commencement is on the first Wednesday in August. The view 
 from the cupola of the college embraces an extensive range. On the 
 west Ues ttie village — the broad expanse of lake, with its islands and 
 vessels ; and beyond, the Adirondack mountains, rising to the height of near 
 6,000 feet, give grandeur to the picture ; while on the east, are presented 
 in full view the Green Mountains, with their two highest peaks. Camel's 
 Rump and Mansfield Mountain. Steamboats stop here daily {in summer) 
 Jrom Whitehall, JV. Y., and from St. John's, Canada. Stases leave daily 
 for Mhnny, also for Boston via Middlebury, Bellows' Falls, and Fitch- 
 burg, Mass., and to Montpelier ; from thence, three times a week to Port 
 land. Me., via the JVhite Mountains. 
 
22 STATE OF VERMONT. 
 
 MoNTPFiii-R, tlip capital of the state, is situated in a rugged and 
 picturesque region, at the junction of the 
 ncirth and south branches of the Wi- 
 nooslii river. It contains a state-iiouse, 
 ( ourt-house, jail, an academy, 4 churches, 
 ind about 1,800 inhabitants. The State 
 '\ Ilnuse is built of granite, 72 feet wide, 
 .iiid 152 feet long ; it has a projecting 
 portico in the centre of six Grecian Doric 
 ( (tlumns, 6 feet in diameter and 36 feet 
 high. Stages leave daily fur Burlington 
 ami CiHHuril, J\'. II., oia J.ihanon, S,-c. ; and three times a week for the 
 White Mountanis; also to Derby, St. .Albans, <S-c. 
 
 MiDDLEBURY is situated at the falls and on both sides of Otter creek. 
 It contains a court-house, jail, bank, 5 churches, 2 academies, several ex- 
 tensive manufactories, and about 2,500 inhabitants. In the vicinity is a 
 quarry of excellent marble, which is extensively wrought. It is the seat of 
 Middlebury College, founded in 1800, which has a president and 7 pro- 
 fessors, has 771 alumni, 97 students, and 7,0.54 volumes in its libraries. 
 The commencement i-4 on the third Wednesday in August. Stages pass 
 through Middlebury daily for Burlington, Mbany, and Boston. 
 
 Vergknnes is situated at the Lower falls on Otter creek, and contains 3 
 churches, a bank, and ^^cveral manufactories. 
 
 Bennington is prettily situated on elevated ground, and contains a 
 court house, a church, 2 academies, a bank, and about 300 inhabitants. 
 The Americans under General Stark defeated a large British force, August 
 16, 1777, on the west border of the town. 
 
 Brattleboro is situated on the right bank of the Connecticut river, 
 and contains 4 churches, a bank, and about 1,000 inhabitants. Stages 
 leave daily for Mbany, Springfield, Worcester, J^Tashua; and also to the 
 White Mountains, passing through the principal towns along the Con- 
 nectiatt river. 
 
 Norwich is on the right bank of the Connecticut river, and contains 
 several churches, an academy, and about 500 inhabitants. It is the seat of 
 Norwich University. It has a president and 6 professors, and 40 students. 
 The commencement is on the third Thursday in August. ^ line of stages 
 pass through this place three times a week from Montpelier and Concord. 
 St. Albans is situated near the east shore of Lake Champlain ; it has 
 a court-house, jail, a bank, 3 churches, and about 700 inhabitants. Stages 
 from Burlington to the Canada line, pass through this place three times 
 a week. 
 
 Castleton, 74 miles from Montpelier, contains 2 churches, an 
 academy, and the Castleton Medical College, founded in 1818, with 7 
 professors, 104 students, 555 graduates. The lectures commence on tlie 
 4th Thursday in August. Woodstock has 5 churches, and the Vermont 
 Medical College, founded in 1835, with 7 professors, 94 students, and 
 2.55 graduates. Windsor contains 3 churches, the Vermont state prison, and 
 1,000 inhabitants. Bellows Falls village has 2 churches and 50(> in- 
 habitants. 
 
 .iSlburg Springs are on the point of land projecting into Lake Cham- 
 plain, at the north ; the waters are of considerable efficacy in scrofulous and 
 otlier diseases. 
 
STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 23 
 
 /e^^ 
 
 lUSEl rS Ik s b( t\v( on 41° 23' and 42" 52' 
 N. lat., and between 69° 50' and 73=' 30' W. Ion. It is 
 about 190 miles long, with an average breadth of 90 
 miles, and contains 7,500 square miles ; and in 1840, 
 737. G99 inhabitants, 
 fej,^'^ -^ ^'^> This state presents three distinct zones. The first, 
 ^^•* "~^ Si.3S^^ towards the ocean, is a marine alluvion, but little 
 elevated above the sea; it is mostly sandy, and the 
 least fertile and smallest in extent of the three sections. 
 This plam is followed by a fine hilly tract, which crosses the state from 
 north to south, elevated in some places 300 feet above the sea ; from these 
 elevations the rivers flow in every direction. The second or middle zone 
 includes part of the beautiful valley of Connecticut ; and is followed by 
 the mountainous but highly fertile county of Berkshire, which comprises 
 the whole western part of the state. Through Berkshire pass two moun- 
 tain ranges, theTaghkannick, on the western border of the state ; and be- 
 tween the Housatonic and Connecticut rivers, tlie Green Mountain range, 
 here called Hoosick Mountains. Mount Holyoke, near Northampton, is 
 near 1,200 feet above the level of the sea, and Wachusett Mountain, in 
 Princeton, is an elevated peak from 2,000 to 3,000 feet high. Saddle 
 Mountain in the Taghkannick range, in the northwest corner of the 
 state, is 4,000 feet high; and Mount Washington in the same range, 
 in the southwest corner of the state, is about 3,000 feet high. The 
 valleys of the Connecticut are fertile, as are also those of the Housa- 
 tonic 
 
 The principal rivers are — the Connecticut, a noble stream, winding for 50 
 miles across the state ; Housatonic, which rises in Berkshire county, and 
 flows through the west part of the state ; and Merrimac, which rises in 
 New Hampshire, and has a course of 50 miles in the NE. part of the 
 state, and enters the ocean below Newburyport. It is navigable for large 
 vessels to Haverhill, 15 miles. Besides these there are— Nashua, Concord, 
 Taunton, and Blackstone rivers. 
 
 Massachusetts has numerous good harbors. There are several impor- 
 tant islands off" the S. shore of this state, to which they belong. The largest 
 is Nantucket, 15 miles long and 11 broad, and which constitutes a county 
 of its own name. Martha's Vineyard, W. of Nantucket, is 20 miles long and 
 from 2 to 10 broad, which with other small islands constitutes Duke's coun- 
 ty. The shores of Massachusetts are diversified by some bold promontories 
 and capacious bays. Of the latter, Massachusetts bay, between Cape 
 Ann on the N. and Cape Cod on the S., is about 40 miles in breadth. 
 Buzzard's bay is on the SW. side of Cape Cod, and is 20 miles long. 
 Cape Ann, in the N. pnrt of the state, is a rocky promontory, 15 
 miles in length. Cape Cod is a peninsula in the SE. part of the 
 
24 STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 state, extending 75 miles long, and from 2 to 20 broad, with a bend 
 in the middle, nearly at right angles. The peninsula of J^ahant, a 
 few miles north of the harbor of Boston, is 
 connected with the main land by Lynn beach, 
 t\vo mdes long. It has become, on account 
 of Its cool breezes and wild sea-views, a place 
 offashionable resort during the summer months. 
 iilcamboats ply daily in summer from it to 
 Boston. 
 
 There are ni this state 3collcges, and 2 theological seminaries, viz., Harvard 
 University, at Cambridge, the oldest and best endowed in the country, 
 founded in 1638, about 18 years after the first landing on the rock of 
 Plymouth ; WilUams College at Williamstown, founded in 1793 ; and 
 Amherst College at Amherst, founded in 1821, which has had an unex- 
 ampled growth. The tlieological seminary at Andover is under the 
 direction of the Congregationalists. It was opened for students in the 
 autumn of 1808. The Baptists have a flourishing theological institution at 
 JVewtown, founded in 1825. There are 2G0 academies or grammar 
 schools, and 3,500 common schools in the state. 
 
 The government of Massachusetts consists of a governor, lieutenant- 
 governor, senate, and liouse of representatives. They are elected annually 
 by the people. The governor must have resided 7 years in the state, and 
 own a freehold worth jCI.OOO, and declare his belief in the Christian 
 religion. The lieutenant governor must possess the same qualifications. 
 A council of nine persons, besides the lieutenant-governor, are elected 
 annually by the joint-ballot of the legislature, and not more than two can 
 be chosen in one congressional district. They rank next to the lieutenant- 
 governor. The senate consists of 40 members, who must possess a free- 
 hold of jC300, and a personal estate of jCGOO, and must have resided in the 
 state for 5 years next preceding the election. The house of representa- 
 tives contains 356 members, who must possess a freehold of 300 pounds in 
 the town for which he is chosen, or ratable estate to the value of X200. 
 The judges and various other officers, as attorney-general, &c., are ap- 
 pointed by the governor and council. The judges hold their offices 
 during good behavior. The secretary, treasurer, and receiver-general, are 
 appointed annually by the joint-ballot of both houses of the legislature. 
 Every male citizen over 21 years of age, (except paupers and persons 
 under guardianship,) who has resided in the state one year, and in the 
 town or district in which he claims to vote, six months next preceding 
 the election, and shall have paid a tax in the commonwealth within two 
 ytiirs, or shall have been exempted from taxation, enjoys the right of 
 suffrage. 
 
 The Plymouth colony was settled by the Puritans, December, 1R20. In 
 1628 the settlements of Salem and Charleston were made, and in 1630 
 that of Boston. In 1692 these colonies were united under the name of 
 Massachusetts. The American revolution began at Boston, and this 
 state bore a prominent part in that great struggle. In convention, this 
 state voted (February 6th, 1788) to adopt the federal constitution; yea» 
 187, nays 168. 
 
STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS. 25 
 
 Boston, the capital 
 Massachusetts, metropohs of 
 New England, and the second 
 commercial city in the Union, is situated mostly on a peninsula, 3 milea 
 long, and a little more than one mile broad, at the head of Massachusetts 
 bay, and possesses one of the best harbors in the United States. It is in 
 42'- 21' 23" N. lat., and 71" 4' 9" VV. Ion. from Greenwich, and 5« 11' 15" E. 
 from Washington. It is 105 miles from Portland, Me., 214 from New 
 York, 302 from Philadelphia, 439 from Washington, 985 from Cincinnati, 
 and 1,809 from New Orleans. The population in 1790, was J 8,033, in 
 1800, 24,937; in 1810. 33.250; in 1820, 43,298; in 1830, 61.391 ; in 1840, 
 93,338; in 1845,114,366; 
 
 Tlie harbor extends from Nantasket to the city, and spreads from 
 Nahant to Hingham, containing 75 square miles. It is defended by Forts 
 Warren and Independence, the former of which is on Governor's Island, 
 and the latter on Castle Island. The inner harbor has a depth of water 
 sufficient for 500 vessels of the largest class to ride at anchor in safety, 
 while the entrance is so narrow as scarcely to admit two ships abreast. 
 Boston consists of three parts, viz., Boston on the peninsula, South 
 Boston, formerly a part of Dorchester, and east Boston, formerly Noddle's 
 island. The " Neck" or isthmus, which in early times formed the only 
 connection of the peninsula with the main land, is over a mile in length, 
 and still constitutes the main avenue to the city from the south ; but by a 
 number of extension bridges and artificial avenues, it is connected in 
 various directions with the surrounding country. 
 
 The city exhibits a picturesque and beautiful appearance when ap 
 proached from the sea ; and in surveying its several parts, the traveller 
 finds much to admire. The peninsula had originally an uneven surface, 
 and the place early received the name of Trimountain, from its three hills, 
 and their principal eminences on Beacon Hill. These eminences, though 
 somewhat lowered, continue to adorn the city. Beacon Hill, on the W. 
 part, is 110 feet above high-water mark; it was originally 30 feet higher. 
 Fort Hill, on the E. side, fronting the harbor, is 80 feet high ; and Copp's 
 Hill in the N. part, is 50 feet above high water On this hill the British 
 had a battery in 1775, from which, during the memorable battle of 
 Bunker Hill, they bombarded and burned Charlestown. South Boston 
 constituted part of Dorchester until 1804, when, by an act of the 
 legislature, it was united to the city. It extends about two miles 
 along the south side of the harbor. Nearly in the middle of this tract 
 are Dorchester heights, or Mount Washington, 130 feet above the 
 sea. On these heights, the Americans under Washington erected a 
 fortification in 1775, which soon compelled the British to evacuate 
 Boston. 
 
 East Boston is built on Noddle's island. It is connected with the city by 
 a steam ferry, and with Chelsea, on the main land, by a b idge 600 feet 
 
26 STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 long. TJie eastern railroad commences here. A wharf 1,000 feel long, 
 called Cunard's wharf, has been granted free of charge for 20 years, for 
 the use of the Liverpool line of steamships. East Boston has wholly 
 grown up since 1833, and already constitutes an important part of the 
 city. 
 
 The Common occupies the declivity of Beacon Hill ; it has a pleasantly 
 diversified surface, and covers a space of 75 acres. Tlie State House oc- 
 cupies its north part. Boston is generally well built, mostly of brick, and 
 many of its private residences are elegant. Among the pubUc buildings, 
 the State House is the principal. It is situated on the summit of Beacon 
 Hill, 110 feet above the level of the sea, and fronts on the spacious Com- 
 mon. This edifice is 173 feet long, and 61 wide. The lower story has a 
 large hall or public walk in the centre, 50 feet square and 20 feet high, 
 supported by Doric columns. In the middle of the south side of this 
 story, is a statue of Washington, by Cliantry. The rooms above are — 
 the representatives' room, in tlie centre, 55 feet square ; the senate cham- 
 ber, 55 feet long, and 33 feet wide, and 30 feet high, with two screens of 
 Ionic columns, supporting with their entablature a richly-decorated 
 arched ceihng. In another part of the building is the council-chamber, 
 
 27 feet square. The dome is ascended by a spiral stairway on the inside ; 
 and from its top is presented a view of the harbor, the bay, and the sur- 
 rounding country. 
 
 Faneuil Hall was erected in 1742, by a gentleman whose name it bears, 
 and was by him presented to the city. It 
 was enlarged in 1805, and is now 100 feet 
 long and 80 wide, and three stories high. 
 The lower story is occupied by stores. The 
 great hall in the second story is 76 feet 
 'T-^^.m-j^^ square and 28 high, with galleries on three 
 [iyiTi;'i|i| i|i[i| A sides, supported by Doric columns, and the 
 ~" ^1 ceiling is supported by two ranges of Ionic 
 
 * ■'"' columns. The west end is ornamented by a 
 full length portrait of Washington, by Stu- 
 art ; and another of Peter Funeuil, Esq., 
 copied from an original picture. Above the great hall, is another in the 
 third story, 78 feet long and 30 feet wide, devoted to military exercises. 
 This venernble building has been appropriately called "the cradle of 
 American liberty." It is the property of the city, and secured by its 
 charter from ever being devoted to any but public purposes. There are 
 75 churches in the city. The old State House, at the head of State-street, 
 was built in 1658 ; it has been twice destroyed by fire, and was the last time 
 rebuilt in 1747. It was formerly occupied by the state legislature. An 
 elegant Merchants' Exchange has been recently erected in State-street. It 
 contains the post-offit-e, a reading-room, &c. Quincy Market is a 
 splendid edifice, .585 feet long and 50 feel wide ; it is directly east of 
 Faneuil Hall. The wings are two stories higi<, and at the E. and W. 
 ends are five porticoes, of four Grecian Doric columns. Tlie new court- 
 house, constructed of hewn Quincy granite, is 176 feet long, 54 feet 
 wide, and 57 feet high ; and the N. and S. fronts are adorned with Grecian 
 Doric porticoes. The interior has four court-rooms, each 50 by 40 feet, 
 besides various public offices. The Custom-house has an elegant Doric 
 portico its whole length, and a tiiK^ dome in the centre. Tlie houses of 
 Industry, Correction, and Reformation, are pleasantly sitiiiited in Scnith 
 Boston, near the brow of Dorchester heights, and are surrounded by 
 
STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS, 27 
 
 ornamented grounds. The Tremont House is one of the finest hotels in 
 the United States. There are two theatres in the city. 
 
 The Medical Institution ol" Harvard University is located in Boston, 
 wliere its professois reside. It was founded in 178-2, lias six professors, 
 157 students, and over 5,000 volumes in its library. The lectures com- 
 mence on the tirst Wednesday of November, annually. Tiie Institution for 
 the Blind has been liberally patronized ; it has a splendid edifice on Mount 
 Washington, South Boston. 
 
 Boston has lOti literary and charitable societies. Among the literary 
 societies of a high order, is the American Academy of Aits and Sciences, 
 founded in 1780, whicii has published four quarto volumes of its transac- 
 tions, and has a library of over 2,000 volumes. The Massachusetts His- 
 torical Society was incorporated in 179-1. Its collections have been 
 published in 2t) volumes octavo, in whicli are many valuable papers. Its 
 library, consisting of books and manuscripts, amounts to over 6,000 articles, 
 many of them rare and valuable, besides several paintings of distinguished 
 individuals. The Boston Athenaeum was incorporated in 1837, and has a 
 library of over 30,000 volumes, a collection of over 2,000 coins and 
 medals, and a reading-room well furnished with American and foreign 
 newspLipers. The Boston Society of Natural History was instituted in 
 1830, and has a cabinet and museum. The Boston museum possesses a 
 rare and valuable collection of curiosities. The Massachusetts hospital, 
 in the western part of the city, is deserving of notice ; it has a beautiful 
 edifice, built of granite, and surrounded by grounds highly ornamented 
 witli trees and shrubbery. 
 
 There are 36 newspapers published here, of which 12 are daily ; of the 
 remainder, a portion are semi-weekly and weekly, and others weekly. 
 Besides newspapers, there are a number of magazines and reviews; 
 the most distinguished of the latter is the North American Review. 
 
 The city is supplied with water brought from Jamaica pond in Rox- 
 bury, 4 miles from the city, by the Aqueduct Corporation, formed in 1795. 
 
 Cars leave Boston twice ilai/i/, on each of the railroads for Port- 
 land, {fare §13,0 for Lowell, {fare 65 cts.,) three times, and Concord, JV. 
 //., {fare $1.75,) twice daily; for Fitchburg three times daily, {fare 
 $1.25,-) for Mbany, JV. Y., twice daily, {fare $5 to $6.) Cars leave 
 daily for J\l'ew York on fire different routes, {fare $3 to $6,) {seepage .) 
 Cars leave twice daily for Providence, {fare $\ .2r> ;) for JVcw Bedford 
 (fare S1.50, ) and Ftdl River, {fare $1.45,-) and also for Plymouth, 
 {f'ire$\.) Seepages 
 
 Charlestown, one mile north of Boston, is situated on a peninsula, 
 between Mystic and Charles rivers, and is connected by bridges with 
 Boston, Cambridge, Chelsea, and Maiden. The streets, although not 
 regular, are wide, and ornamented with trees. It has a square, around 
 •which a number of the public buildings are situated. It contains a state 
 prison, the M'Lean Insane Asylum, an almshouse, a town-house, 3 banks, 
 a United States navy yard, a marine hospital, and 12 churches. The navy 
 yard is situated on the north side of Charles river, embracing 60 acres of* 
 ground, enclosed by a wall, within which are erected the wareiiouse, 
 arsenal, magazine, ropewalk, dwellings for the officers, &c., all of brick, 
 and two immense edifices of wood, under which the largest vessels of 
 war are constructed. Here is a dry dock of hewn granite, 341 feet long, 
 80 wide, and 30 feet deep. The M'Lean Insane Asylum is pleasantly 
 situated on elevated ground ; the buildings are large and commodious, 
 and attached to tJie institution are 15 acres of land, handsomely laid out. 
 
^8 
 
 STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 and tastefully ornamented. The state prison is NW. of the city, and 
 
 consists of four large stone buildings, a chapel, &c., enclosed by a hig^h 
 
 wall. Bunker Hill, or more properly. Breed's Hill, is a little north of 
 
 ^ Charlestowu. On the site of the battle, &Z feet above 
 
 fl the level of the sea, the Bunker Hill Monument has 
 
 B been erected. The corner-^tone was laid by La Fayette, 
 
 m on the 50th anniversary of the battle, June I7th, ]82o. 
 
 ft "^'''^ foundation having been found insufficient, the 
 
 s^^ p- corner-stone of the present structure was laid in March, 
 
 f *i=^ 1827. The monument was completed July 23d, 1842. 
 
 ^m Its form is that of an obelisk, 30 feet square at the base, 
 
 i 4, °^^ and 16 feet 4i inches at the top. The height from the 
 
 lase to the top. is 221 feet. It is substantially built of 
 
 hewn Quincy granite. The interior is circular, having a 
 
 diameter of 10 feet 7 inches at the bottom, and of 6 
 
 feet 4 inches at the top, and is ascended by 294 steps. 
 At the top is an elliptical chamber, 17 feet high and 11 
 3 feet in diameter, with 4 windows. A most beautiful 
 view is obtained from this apartment, of Boston, its harbor, and the sur- 
 rounding country. Omnibuses arrive from, and depart for Boston, every 
 15 minutes daily. 
 
 Cambridge, 3 miles NW. from Boston, consists of three parts — Old 
 Cambridge, the seat of the University ; Cambridge Port, about halfway be- 
 tween the university and the bridge leading to Boston ; and East Cam- 
 bridge, formerly Lechmere's Point, opposite to the north part of Boston. 
 It is one of the oldest towns in New England, incorporated in 1630, by 
 the name of Newtown, but eight years after took its present name. It 
 contains a court-house, jail, state arsenal, 3 banks, 16 churches, 2 acade- 
 mies, and 9,0b0 
 inhabitants. It 
 Js the seat of 
 ^Cambridge Uni- 
 
 ■ vers it I/, the old- 
 
 ^^ — u fi.uLi *tt'C u- - n-.-ri u HHi I « ciidowed insti- 
 tution in the 
 
 ■ L iiion ; founded 
 ui 1638. From a 
 
 donation made to it by liie Rev. John llai vard, it was called Harvard College. 
 Its funds now amount to over halfa million of dollars. It has a president, 29 
 professors or other instructors, has had 5,942 alunuii, has 280 students, 
 and 68,500 volumes in its libraries. Tlie commencement is on the fourth 
 Wednesday in August. The buildings consist of University Hall, an 
 elegant granite edifice 140 by 50 feet, and 42 feet high, containing a 
 chapel, 6 lecture-rooms, dining halls, &;c. ; Harvard Hall, a brick edifice 
 108 by 40 feet, containing the library, the pliilosophical apparatus, and 
 niineralogical cabinet; and four other buildings, denominated Massa- 
 chusetts, Hollis, Stoughton, and Holworthy Halls, with rooms for the 
 accommodation of the students; Holdtn Chapel, containing the anatomi- 
 cal museum, chemical laboratory, and lecture-rooms; and three other 
 edifices for the students. The buildings occupy an enclosed plain of 14 
 acres. It has a botanical garden of 8 acres, with a large collection of 
 trees, plants, and shrubs, native and foreign. The Medical Institution has 
 6 professors. The lectures commence ou the first Wednesday in No- 
 
STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 29 
 
 •. . Ill H>MK by 
 li the uftbclioiis 
 
 vember. It lias a library of over 5,000 volumes. Mount Auhtrn Cemetery 
 
 is in Cambridge, 5 miles from Boston. Tnc 
 
 grounds occupy about 70 acres, and arepiettib 
 
 diversilied with hill and valley, mostly cover 
 
 ed with a threat variety of native trees, 
 
 planted with orniimental shrubbery. Thert 
 
 are also several beautiful sheets of water. 
 
 It has been tastefully laid out with avelnu^ 
 
 and paths. Cambridge was a place of mi 
 
 portaiice in the early history of the country. 
 
 The first printing-press in America was e-t,il) 
 
 Stepiien Day. It was long the literary centre round 
 
 of the colonists clustered. Immediately after the battle of Lexington, at 
 
 the commencement of the revolutionary war, 20,000 men collected here, 
 
 and July 2d, 1775, Gen. Washington arrived and established his head 
 
 quarters at this place. Omnibuses arrive from, and depart for Boston 
 
 every half hour daily. 
 RoxBURY, 2 miles south of Boston, is connected with the city by a 
 
 neck of land. It contains 16 churches, 2 banks, many beautiful dwellings, 
 
 and about 12,000 inhabitants. 
 
 Lexington is 11 miles NVV. from Boston, and contains 2 churches and 
 
 about 50 dwellings. This village is celebrated as the place where the first 
 
 blood was shed at the opening of the great drama of tlie revolution. The 
 
 legislature of Massachusetts have caused a monument to be erected on the 
 
 spot where the first victnns ,^^^^ A ^=s^ -^ — ==^ 
 
 fell, to perpetuate the memo /^^^^^^ rt := — 
 
 ry of the slain, and of tin- ; 
 
 event. The engraving is i 
 
 view from the Concord road , 
 
 the monument is on an ek vii 
 
 tion.ontlie western side of tin ; 
 
 green; a school-house stood; 
 
 there at the time the British 
 
 troops fired upon the Amen 3 Bi^gB^ gM^^^^^^^^^^^^^>'*<<^'^^-'^ ' f^^-^^ 
 
 cans, on the memorable 19th of April, 1775. The church stands in the 
 
 place of the old one, which was taken down in 1794, when the present 
 
 one was erected. 
 
 Concord lies 17 miles NW. of Boston. It contains a court-house, jail, 
 a bank, 2 churches, and an academy. Population 1,784. The first blood 
 of the revolution was shed here on the part of the British. They, after 
 killing 8 Americans at Lexington, proceeded to this place, where they 
 were resisted, and two British soldiers killed. A monument records the 
 event. Cars arrive from, and depart for Boston, (fare 50 cts.) 3 times 
 dailft, and also for Fitchbiirg, 
 
 Salem, the largest town in Essex county, is the oldest and largest sea- 
 port but one in Massachusetts, situated 14 miles NNW. from Boston. It 
 ii chiefly built on a point of land formed by two inlets from the sea, called 
 Ps'orth and South rivers, and contains 18 churches, 9 banks, and 16,000 
 inhabitants. The public square, containing ten acres, lies in the northern 
 part of the town, and is almost perfectly level, enclosed and shaded by a 
 large number of elms. An aqueduct supplies the city with soft spring 
 water. On a peninsula below the town, are Fort Pickering and Fort Lee, 
 and on an island there is a light-house. In 1692, the witchcraft delusion 
 pievailed in Salem, and 19 persons were tried and executed. Cars arrive 
 
30 STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 from, and depart several times daily for Boston. A branch railroad ex- 
 tends from Satcin to Marbleltead, a distance of four miles. Stages leave 
 for Gloucester daily, 
 
 Nkwburyport is a port of entry, and one of the principal towns of Essex 
 county. It is situated 38 miles nortl>€ast of Boston, on a gentle accli- 
 vity, on the right bank of the Merrimac, at the union of that river with 
 the ocean. It is considered in point of natural advantages, as well as in its 
 improvements, one of the most beautiful towns in New England. The 
 harbor is safe and spucious, but difficult of entrance. It contains a 
 custom-house, 8 churches, an academy, 4 banks, an almshouse, a lyceum, 
 and 7,500 inhabitants. Mr. Whitefield, the celebrated preacher, died and 
 was buried here. A monument in one of the churches records, " that in 
 his ministry of thirty-four years, he crossed the Atlantic thirteen times, 
 and preached inore than 18,000 sermons." Cars arrive from, and depart 
 twice daily for Boston, and also for Portland, Me. Stages leave for 
 Haverhill and Exeter. K. H., 3 times a week. 
 Lowell, city, and the semi-capital of Middlesex county, is situated 
 
 25 miles AN W. 
 from Boston. In 
 the rapidity of 
 ,its growth, and 
 I the extent of its 
 manufactures. 
 It stands un- 
 ii\ ailed in the 
 ( nited States. 
 The town was 
 
 incorporated in 1826, and embrace^ four miles '>qunre, the population 
 then wa^ about 200, and lt^ property valued at about SIOO.OOO. In 
 1834, Belvidere village was added to it, and in 1836, it was incorporated 
 as a city. The water-power of this place is very extensive and easily 
 available. A canal 60 feet wide and 8 feet deep, commencing at the head 
 of Pawtucket Falls, supplies the factories with the water of Concord 
 river. The entire fall is thirty feet. In the factories there are employed 
 6,430 females, and about 2,200 males. Besides the factories, there are 
 print-works and bleacheries, and new manufactories are constantly being 
 added. 
 
 Lowell contains 3 banks, a city hall, court-house, market-house, 23 
 churches, a Mechanics' hall, an hospital belonging to the factories, 
 several public schools, and 25,000 inhabitants. The Mechanics' Associa- 
 tion is a flourisiiing literary society. Besides several newspapers published 
 here, there is issued monthly a magazine called the " Offenng," edited, and 
 its contributions furnished, by female operatives in the factories, which holds 
 a very respectable place among the magazines of the day. Cars arrive 
 from, and depart four times daily for Boston, {fare 65 cts.,) and three 
 times for Concord, jV*. H. Stages leave three times a week for J^ew- 
 buryport, Worcester, and also for Brattlehoro, Vt. 
 
 Andover, 23 miles north from Boston, contains 2 banks, 5 churches, 
 llie Andover Theological Seminary, Philips' Academy, and about 3,000 
 inhabitants. The Tiieological Seminary was founded in 1807. It has 5 
 professors — one of sacred literature, one of Christian theology, one of 
 sacred rhetoric and ecclesiastical history, and one assistant professor — 86 
 students, 965 graduates, and 17,500 volumes in its libraries. Commence- 
 ment is on the 4tii Wednesday of September. Funds to the amount of 
 
STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS, 
 
 31 
 
 $400,000 have been contributed by a few benevolent donors. Philips' 
 Academy was founded in 1778, and has a fund of $50,000. The number 
 of students is limited to 130, all of whom study the learned languages. 
 Cars arrive from, ami il cpnrt for Bnntnir tirice linily- 
 
 i'LYMOUTH lies 37 miles SE. from Boston, on Plymouth bay. It has the 
 noble distinction "- _ 
 
 ol'being the place ^.f' ~ ^---J^ ~- ~ __ Z=- 
 
 where the "Pil- \ r,f^ ~- \ 
 
 grim fathers" f'^^ pMSi S— ^l*"'^'fef' "-"^ ■^■. '■■= 
 landed, after their a!^r:4i;jSliiL..'V«M'^' '"S-^^T^? "%. , 
 perilous voyage, : 
 on the twenty 
 secondofDecem- 
 ber, 1620, and 
 also of being the 
 
 first town budt in New England, by cuihzed man. Plymouth con- 
 tains a court-house, 6 churches, 2 banks, 2 academies, and about 
 5,500 inhabitants. The rock on which the Pilgrims landed has been con- 
 veyed to the centre of the village. The anniversary of the landing is 
 celebrated annually. In Pilgrim Hall is a large painting representing 
 the landing from the Mai/ flower — the chair of Governor Carver — the sword- 
 blade of Oapt. Miles Standish, and other curiosities. Cars arrive from, 
 and depart twice daily for Boston, {fare $1.) Stages leave three times 
 a week for Barnstable, for Falmouth, for J^ew Bedford, and fur Taunton. 
 
 Nkvv Bedford, a port of entry, and the semi-capital of Bristol coun- 
 ty, is 56 miles _— ^-i. ^ -; --= ___ ^^ 
 south of Bos- 
 ton. Population 
 15,000. It is on 
 the west side of 
 an arm of the 
 sea which sets 
 up from Buz- 
 zard's bay. The 
 ground rises rap- 
 idly from the water, and presents a tine appearance when approached 
 from the sea. A wooden bridge and causeway, three-fourths of a mile long, 
 connects it with Fairhaven. It contains a jail, court-house, 4 banks, a 
 savings institution, and 18 churches. The harbor is safe and com- 
 modious, but not easy of access. The whale fishery is extensively carried 
 on here. There is a Friends' academy exclusively devoted to the edtca- 
 tion of females. As early as the year 1764, we find the settlers of the 
 village of Bedford sending out small craft in search of the greasy monsters, 
 some of which reached as far south as the Falkland Islands. Twice has 
 the whale fishery been interrupted by war with Britain, but vigorously 
 and successfully renewed as often, and is now continually increasing. 
 The vessels engaged in the fishery amount to 229, all ships but four, having 
 on board 6,000 seamen. Cars arrive from, and dfpart twice, daily fur 
 Boston, {fare $1.50.) Steamboats leave daihi for JVantucket ; stages 
 3 times a week for Prwidence, forJVewport, and also for Barnstable, via 
 Sandwich. 
 
 Taunton, semi-capital of Bristol county, 36 miles south of Boston, 
 is pleasantly situated at the head of navigation on Taunton river. The 
 village contains a court-house, a town house, 9 churches, 3 banks. 
 
32 
 
 STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 ,i 
 
 MmSB^ 4?s$^^^fe 
 
 and 8,000 inhabitants. Iron works were established here in 1652. Cart 
 arrive from, and depart twice daily for Boston, and for JVcw Bedford, 
 and also for Fall River. 
 
 Fall River, Bristol county, Massachusetts, is 53 miles south from 
 Boston. Watuppa Pond, 2 miles east of the village, is 11 miles long and 
 1 brond, and constitutes by its outlet. Full River. Tli s river, which is 
 an unfailing stream, descends 140 feet in 8(1 rods, creaiiig an immense 
 water power. It enters Taunton river on the east side, at its entrance into 
 Mount Hope bay, producing a fine harbor, navigable for the largest ships. 
 It is safe and easy of access. The village contains I!} churches, 'i banks, 
 several factories, and 7,000 inhabitants. Jl steamboat plies daily to Prov- 
 idence, R. I. Cars arrive from, and depart daily for Boston, (fare SI.45.} 
 Worcester, capital of the county of the same name, is 44 miles west 
 by south from Boston. This village is one of the finest and largest of the 
 inland towns of New England. It contains a court-house, 4 bunks, 7 
 churches, and 7,500 inhabitants. The hall oj 
 the Jimerican Jintiquarian Society has a cen- 
 tral building, 46 feet long and .3(3 feet wide, 
 with a neat Doric portico ; and two wings, 28 
 feet long and 21 feet wide. It has a library of 
 12,000 volumes, containing many rare and 
 valuable works relating to American history, 
 and inter('>ting spccimt ni of early printing, nearly half of them dona- 
 tions from Isaiah Thomas, Esq., its first president, and author of the 
 •' History of Printing." The Massachusetts Lunatic Asylum, is a com- 
 modious building. Cars arrive from, and depart several times daily for 
 Boston ; also for .Many, via Springfield; New Haven, via Springfield 
 and Hartford ; Allyn's Point, via Norwich ; and Providence, via IVoon- 
 socket Falls. Sia::es leave 3 times a week for Lowell; for Nashua, 
 N. H, via Fitchburg; for Keene, N. H. ; for BratUeboro, Ft., and for 
 Greenfield, Mass. 
 gpiUNOfiKLP capital of Hampden county, is on the left bank of the Con- 
 
 nfcti<;ut river, 
 26 miles north 
 from Hartford, 
 '*8 west from 
 Boston. Popuia- 
 iKinl 1,000. The 
 nnm street ex- 
 tends along the 
 (T between 2 
 
 \ ■<-^i^a>»;S7 ft iX!^ i | ' ^ f^^ Sfe^^S B p Bj^^ !^^WSBi^^^ and three miles. 
 iT.e nuu,t,-, sue »e,. l.u.lt, a„J r.....,j wt tt.v.n. ck^'.ii.l. Tht town contains 
 a court-house, jail, 8 churches, two banks, and one of the most extensive 
 United States arsenals of construction in the country. The armory is situ- 
 ated on elevated ground, half a mile east of the village. The buildings 
 are very extensive, of brick, and admirably arranged for the manufacture 
 and storage of fire arms. The establishment has 250 workmen, and com- 
 pletes 45 muskets daily. The water-power here employed is owned by 
 the United States. It operates upon 18 water-wheels. Jl steamboat plies 
 from Springfi'id to Hartford daily. Cars arrive from, and drpart for 
 Boston, for New Haven, for Mhany, and for Northampton, twice daily. 
 Stages leave for .N'orwich, Ct., 3 times a week. 
 Northampton, capital of Hampshire county. 
 
 93 miles west from 
 
STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS. 33 
 
 BoBton. Population 3,700. The village is on the right bank of Con- 
 necticut river, and is regarded as one of the most pleasant for residence 
 in New England. Round Hill, a considerable elevation in the west part 
 of the village, is the seat of the celebrated Round Hill Seminary, on the 
 plan of a German gymnasium. 'J'he village contains a court-house, a 
 town-hall, 2 banks, and (i churches. Tlie Female Seminary here, is pa- 
 tronized from ail parts of the United States. The scenery around is 
 highly picturesque, including the beautiful valley of the Connecticut, and 
 Mount Holyoke, 830 teet high, on the opposite side of the river, whose 
 fop atJbrds one of the tinest views in this part of the United States. Cars 
 arrive from, and depart for Springfield, seocral tiuus daily. Stages 
 leave dail.i/ for the IVkite Mountains, via Greevjield, Brattleboro, Vt., 
 Bellows' Falls, He. ; and also for Mbany, JV. Y. 
 
 Amherst, 82 miles west from Boston, contains 3 churches, a bank, 
 an academy, and 2,500 inhabitanU. Amherst College was founded in 
 ,1821, and incorporated in 1825. It has a president, 11 professors or 
 other instructors, 662 alumni, 142 students, and 15,000 volumes in its 
 Lbraries. The philosophical apparatus is very complete, and it has a 
 valuable cabinet of natural history, including mineralogy. Commence- 
 menton the fourth Thursday in July. Stages leave daily for Springfi,eld-, 
 and 3 times a week for J^Torfhampton, and also for tVorcester. 
 
 Greenfikld, 92 miles WNVV. from Boston, is situated on the right 
 bank of the Connecticut river, and contains a court-house, a town-house, 
 a bank, 5 churches, the Greenfield Institute for males, the Greenfield High- 
 school for young ladies, and about 150 dwellings. Stages leave daily far 
 JVortkampton and also for Brattleboro, Vt., and 3 times a week for 
 Fitcliburg, and also for Jllbany, via Williamstown. 
 
 WiLLiAMSTOWN is 131 u)iles west by north from Boston. The village is 
 on uneven ground, and contains a church, an academy, the buildings of 
 Williams College, and about 50 dwellings. Williams College was founded 
 in 1793. It has a president and 7 professors, 967 alumni, 144 students, and 
 7,500 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is on the third Wed- 
 nesday in August. Stages pass through the village 3 times a week from 
 Pittsfield, from Greenfield, and from Bennington, Vt. 
 
 PiTTSFiELD, 151 miles from Boston, 33 from Albany, is situated on the 
 Housatonic river, which here attbrds an immense hydraulic power, giving 
 motion to several mills and manufactories. The village contains five 
 churches, a bank, and the Berkshire Medical Institution, founded in 
 1823, having 5 professors, 100 students, and 500 graduates ; the lectures 
 commence on the first Thursday in September. Cars pass through this 
 place twice daily for Boston, via Springfield ; and for .Albany, JV. Y. 
 
 Nantucket is suuated on an island of the same mime, 30 miles from 
 the main shore, and 109 SSE. from Boston. It has a good harbor, nearly 
 land-locked by two projecting beaches. About 150 vessels belong to this 
 port, and are nearly all engaged in the whale fishery. The village is com- 
 pactly built, and contains a court-house, 9 churches, 3 banks, an atlieneum, 
 with a neat edifice, and a library of over 2,000 volumes, a museum, and 
 the Coftin School. This school was endowed by its founder. Admiral Sir 
 Isaac Coffin, of the British navy, with a building and je2,.i00 sterling for 
 its support. Jl steambontpl'es daily to JVew Bedford via Holmes' Hole, S,-c. 
 
 Hopkivton Mineral Spring is 77 miles from Boston, and 3i miles from the 
 depot at Westborough : the waters contain carlionic acid, and carbonate of 
 lime, and iron. There is a large and commodious hotel, near Whitehall 
 Pond at tliis place. 
 
 2* 
 
34 
 
 STATE OF RHODE ISLAND. 
 
 {^^^ 
 
 RTTOnE IFL-XNO is the smallest state in the Union, 
 hi iKj about 49 miles long and '29 broad, containing 1,360 
 &(lii irt niikft, ot which Narragansett bay includes 130; 
 u)<\ the whole state contains but 870,400 acres. Popu- 
 lition m 1840 108,830. 
 
 This >tite on the north and west is hilly and broken, 
 
 but btconiFs gradually level towards the sea. The 
 
 ^ I Islands in N.irr.igansett bay are distinguished by their 
 
 ' ^ ' ' pleasing and diversified scenery and fertile soil. Tlie 
 
 climate is healthy, particularly on the islands, where the sea-bn ezes have 
 the effect not only of mitigating the heat in summer, but moderating the 
 cold in winter, and rendering the climate truly delightful. The rivers, 
 though not large, furnish many fine mill-seats, which are extensively used 
 for manufacturing purposes. The principal are — Pawtucket, Providence. 
 Pawtuxet, Pawcatuck, and Wood rivers. Narragansett bay is a fine 
 body of water, and contains a number of beautiful and fertile islands. 
 Among them is Rhode Island, which gives name to the state. 
 
 The government consists of a governor, a senate, and house of repre- 
 ientalives. The governor and lieutenant-governor are appointed annually 
 by the people. The senate consists of the lieutenant governor and one 
 member from each town or city in the state. The house of representa- 
 tives consists of 69 members, and cannot exceed 72. The judicial power 
 is vested in a supreme court, and such inferior courts as the General As- 
 sembly shall from time to time establish. Every person who is a citizen 
 of the United States, of the age of 21 years, who has resided in the state 
 one year, and in the county six months in which he offers his vote, is a 
 legal voter, under the following regulations: 1st, all citizens native or 
 naturalized, without regard to color, who are possessed of a freehold of 
 $134, or renting for $7 per annum ; 2d, all nntive citizens, without regard 
 to color, who either pay a property tax of one dollar or a voluntary 
 registry tax of one dollar. A residence at any garrison or naval station in 
 the state does not give a legal residence. 
 
 Brown University was founded at Warwick in 1764, but removed to 
 Providence in 1770. It is under the direction of the Baptists. There are 
 in the state 55 academies or grammar schools, and 500 common schools. 
 
 Rhode Island was first settled by Roger Williams in 1636. It was the 
 Inst of the old thirteen states that adopted the constitution of the United 
 States, which it did May 20th, 1790, by a niiijority of two votes. 
 
 WooNsorKKT F.\LLs, 15 miles NNW. from Providence, is situated at 
 the falls of Blackstone river. The village is partly in Smithfield. On the 
 Cumberland side it contains 6 churches and 2 banks. It has a great 
 number of factories, and about 4,000 inhabitants. The Blackstone canal 
 passes through the village. Cars pass throvffh it dailp from Provi- 
 dence and fVarccster. Stages leave for Boston 3 times a week. 
 
STATE OF RHODE ISLAND. 35 
 
 Bristol lies 18 miles S. by E. from Providence, on a branch of Narragiiii- 
 eett buy. It contains a court-liouse, market house, 2 banks, 5 cimrches, 
 and altoiit U.OUO inliabitants. Mount Hope lies about 2 miles northeast 
 from the court-house. This was in (3arly times the favorite residence of 
 King Philip, the celebrated Pequod chief, so formidable an enemy of the 
 colonists. From its summit a beautiful view is obtained of the buy and 
 the surrounding country. SteamOoats ply iiaily to and from Providence. 
 
 Providknce, city, and one of the capitals of the state, is situated at 
 the head of Narragansett bay, on the tfeekonk or Providence river, 35 
 miles from the ocean, and is in 41" 49' 22" N. lat., and 71" 24' 48" VV. Ion. 
 It is 42 miles SSW. from Boston, 173 east from New York, and 39(j from 
 Washington. Population 32,000. The compact part of the city lies on 
 both sides of the river, and is connected by two bridges, one of which is 
 90 feet wide. The principal wholesale business is done on the east side. 
 The Blackstone canal terminates here. Among the public buildings are, 
 the State House. 
 
 City Hall, Ar . ^ 
 
 cade, 21 banks, 
 the state prison, 
 hospital, a thta 
 tre, the custom 
 house, atheneim 
 33 churches, tliO; 
 halls of Brown' 
 University, a high 
 
 school, and se\eral public «clio()i~. Tlu iMuldim;-. ot Brown Lnirtr^iU/ 
 occupy a ctmmandmg situation on Pro-ptct street, at the In ad of 
 College-street, on the east side of the river. It has a president and 8 
 professors, 1,(590 alumni, 140 students, and 25,000 volumes in its libraries. 
 The commencement is oh the first Wednesday in September. It has an 
 extensive philosophical and chemical apparatus ; and the cabinets of 
 mineralogy and natural history are very complete. The Friends' Boarding 
 School, three-quarters of a mile northeast from the University, is a 
 flourishing institution, with 10 instructors and 200 pupils. The Atheneum, 
 founded in 1836, has a handsome granite building and 12,000 volumes in 
 its library. The town was settled in 1636 by Roger Williams, who fled 
 from Massachusetts on account of his religious opinions, and who adopted 
 the principles of universal toleration. Steamboats arrive frovi, and 
 depart daily for J^ew York, {fare 2 to $3,) and for J^eicport, and also fur 
 Fall River, Mass. Cars leave daily for Boston, (fare $1.25,) and for 
 Stonington, and also for fVorcester, via fVoonsockrt Falls. Stages ar- 
 rive from, and depart daily for jYeio port, and also fur J^cw Btdford, via 
 Fall river; and 3 times a week for Hartford. 
 
 Newport, the capital of Newport county, and one of the capitals of 
 the state, is situated on the SW. side of Rhode Island, 71 miles SW, 
 from Boston. The harbor, enclosed by Brenton's Point on the SW. 
 and Goat Island in front, is safe, and has a depth of water sufficient for the 
 iargest ships. The hariior is defended by forts Adams and Green. The 
 town is beautifully situated, being built on a gentle acclivity, which rises 
 gracefully from the water. Its healthful climate, pleasing scenery, and 
 the cooling sea-breezes, have rendered it a favorite summer resort. It 
 contains a state-house, market-bouse, tlieatre, almshouse, a library con- 
 taining over 4,000 volumes, many of them rare old folios, 3 academies, 7 
 banKs, 13 churches, and 9,000 inhabitants. Newport is unrivalled in its 
 
fish-market, having nearly 60 different kinds of scale and shell fish, and in 
 great abundance. Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for JV*ettJ 
 Yurk, and also for Providence, and 3 times a week for JVew Bedford. 
 
 Pawtucket, four miles north of Providence, is situated on both sides 
 of Pawtucket river. It is a large and flourishing manufacturing village, 
 and contains 9 churclies, 3 banks, 12 cotton factories, and about 6,000 
 inhabitants. 
 
 CONNECTICUT, the southernmost of the eastern 
 states, lies between 4lo and 42^ 2' N. lat., and 71° 20' 
 and 73*^ 15' W. Ion. It contains 4,674 square miles, 
 ^j|^ Of 2,29], 300 acres. Pop. in 1840, 300,015. 
 
 Thougli generally liilly and broken, no part of the 
 2^ surftice rises to a great elevation above the sea. The 
 ^^^>^>.-^jk;«»»=?^' greatest elevation is a range of mountains commencing 
 ^|(^^b^/^=^^^ at a blutf called East Rock, near lUiiW Haven, and 
 continuing northward through the state. The liiUs are generally of mod- 
 erate size, and occur in quick succession, in ranges trending northward, 
 presenting to the traveller an ever varying prospect. The soil is generally 
 fertile, but better adapted to grazing than tillage. 
 
 Tiie three principal rivers are the Connecticut, navigable for vessels 
 drawing eight feet of water, 50 miles to Hartford, crossing the state nearly 
 in the middle, and entering the Sound between Saybrook and Lyme ; the 
 Ilousatonic, navigable for small vessels 12 miles to Derby, and entering 
 the Sound between Milfoid and Stratford ; the Thames, navigable 14 
 miles to Norwich, and entering the Atlantic at New London. Farmington 
 and Naugatuck are considerable streams, furnishing extensive water- 
 power. I'he principal seaports are New London, New Haven, and 
 Bridgeport. Long Island Sound extends the whole length of the state. 
 
 This state has 3 colleges: — Yale College, at New Haven, jone of the 
 oldest, and also the most flourishing institution of the kind in the United 
 States ; Washington College, at Hartford ; and the Wesleyan University, 
 at Middletown. There are in the state 130 academies, and 1,700 common 
 and primary schools. Connecticut hns a larger school fund than any of 
 the otlier states, amounting to about §2,000,000. 
 
 The government is vested in a governor, lieutenant-governor, who is 
 president of the senate, and a senate and house of representatives. The 
 nenate consists of not less than 18, nor more than 24 members. Most of 
 the towns choose two representatives ; some, of less population, but one. 
 The sessions of the legislature are held annually, alternately at Hartford 
 and New Haven. The Supreme Court consists of five judges, appointed 
 by the legislature, who hold their ollices during good behavior, or until 
 they are 70 years of age. 
 
STATE OF CONNECTICUT. 61 
 
 The colony of Connecticut was settled in 1633, at Windsor, by emi- 
 grants from Massachusetts, who penetrated t!i rough the wilderness. Hart- 
 ford was settled by tlie English in 1635, the Dutch having previously buiit 
 a fort there. The colony at New Haven was settled by the English in 
 1638. By a charter granted by Cliarles [I., in 1665, these colonies were 
 united. During the tyranny of Andros, an attempt was made to procure 
 a surrender of the charter. The subject was publicly debated in the 
 evening, at Hartford, when suddenly tlie candles were extinguisiied, and 
 the charter was hid in the hollow of an oak tree, which has become 
 famous since as the Charter Oak. This charter continued to be the basis 
 of the government until the year 1818. Tlie constitution of the United 
 States was adopted in a convention, January 9, 1788 ; yeas 128, nays 40. 
 
 New Haven, the capital of New Haven county, and semi-capital of 
 the state, is beautifully situated round the head of a bay which sets up 
 four miles from Long Island Sound. Population in 1840, ]'2,y60. 
 
 It lies on a plain with a gentle inclination towards the water, skirted in 
 other directions by an amphitheatre of hills, two of which present at 
 their- termination bold bluflTs which rise almost perpendicularly to tlie 
 huight of 370 feet. From these elevations a fine view of the surrounding 
 country may be had, including in its range the Sound, which is here 20 
 miles wide. The city extends about three miles from east to west, and 
 two miles from north to south, and is laid out with regularity. The 
 public square, shaded with elms, is one of the finest in the country. The 
 State House, a large and well-constructed building of the Grecian Doric 
 order, is on the western portion of the square, and on the west side, facing 
 the east, is the fine range of buildings belonging to Yale College. The 
 houses of the city are generally built of wood, neatly painted white, and 
 surrounded by gardens ornamented with shrubbery and fruit trees. As a 
 place fur a quiet and elegant residence, it is unsurpassed. The city con- 
 tains 20 churches, a custom-house, an alnisho\ite, a mu.-eum, 3 banks, and 
 a savings in^ti- 
 tution. But the 
 most import.uit 
 public insfitutu)n 
 is Yale College. 
 It was foundc d , 
 at Killingvvnrih, ; 
 in 1701, and per > 
 manentiy est ib 
 lishyd at Nt\\ 
 
 Haven in 1717 Thm .n ,m ' n, _, i iiK, |(U te, t |,., j ij iO i, ct 
 wide, and four stories high. J here is nisd another liail fur tlieological 
 students, and three other buildings, denominated the chapel, the lyceum, 
 and the atheneum. In the rear of tlie main buildings is another range, 
 consisting of a chemical laboratory, the Commons' hall, which has in its 
 second story the most complete mineralogical cabinet in the United 
 States, and a building containing a fine collection of paintings by Col. 
 Trumbull and others. A short distance from these are the buildings de- 
 voted to the law and medical departments. Yale College has a greater 
 number of students than any other college in the United States. It has a 
 president and 31 professors, 394 students, 5,463 alumni, and 34,500 volumes 
 in its libraries. The commencement is on the third Tiiursday in August, 
 The Medical Institute of Yale College, fimnded in 1810, has 6 professors. 
 34 students, and 810 graduates. Lectures commence six weeks after the 
 
Jiird Thursday in August. There are in this city 11 select schools for 
 males, 10 seminaries for females, 2 Lancasterian schools, besides many others. 
 
 New Haven was settled in 163d. In July, 1779, the British under Gen. 
 Tryun had possession of the town for a few days, and committed many 
 outrages. Steamboats arrive fi-om, and depart daily fur JViw York. Cars 
 leaoe dmly for Boston via Hartford and Springfield. Stages leave daily 
 for JVew York, via Bridgeport ; 3 times a week for JV'eu? London ; for 
 Middietown ; for Fannin gton ; and for Litchfield. 
 
 Hartford, capital of Hartford county, and semi-capital of the state, is 
 situated on the right bank of (Jounecticut river, at the head of sloop 
 navigation, 50 miles from its mouth. Population in 1840, 9,468. 
 
 Among the public buildings, the State House, standing on a public 
 square fronting iMain-street, is conspicuous. It is of the Doric order of 
 archiiecture, 114 feet long, and, with the porticoes, 76 feet wide. The 
 legislature meets here on each alternate year. The City Hall, fronting on 
 Market-street, is a large and commodious building. Washington College 
 occupies an elevated position, in the southwest part of the city. Its main 
 building is 148 feet long, 43 wide, and 4 stories high. This institution, 
 founded in 1824, has a president and 7 professors or other instructors, 
 257 alumni, 80 students, and 6,500 volumes in its libraries. The com- 
 mencement is on the first Thursday in August. It is under the direction 
 of the Episcopalians. The American Asylum for the Instruction of the 
 Deaf and Dumb, was the first institution of the kind established in the 
 United States. Its principal building is 130 feet long, 50 teet wide, and 
 4 stories high. Attached to it are eight or ten acres of land. The Re- 
 treat for the Insane is located li miles southwesterly from the State 
 House: the situation is elevated, and overlooks a wide extent of in- 
 teresting scenery. The grounds around the buildings are hamlsomely 
 laid out in walks ornamented with shrubbery and extensive gardens. 
 The main building is 254 feet square and 3 stories high, with wings 2 
 stories high, each 70 feet long and 30 feet wide. The Atheneum is an ele- 
 gant edifice of the Gothic order, on IMain-street. The " Charter Oaii," 
 which is still vigorous, deserves mention as an object of interest. Hart- 
 ford contains 13 churches, 5 banks, 2 markets, and an arsenal. The first 
 settlement here was made by the Dutch from New York, in 1033. Steam- 
 boats arrive from, and depart daily for Mew York. Cars leave daily 
 for Albany via Springfield, Mass., for Boston, and for jYcw Haven. 
 Stages leave daily for Litchfield, and also f/r Poughlurpsie, vV. Y., via 
 Canaan ; 3 times a week for Providence, R. I. ; for J^Turwich, jYcw Lon- 
 don, and also JVew Haven, via Middietown. 
 
 New London, city, and port of entry, and semi-capital of New London 
 county, is 54 miles east from New Haven and 120 from New York. It is 
 on the right bank of Thames river, 3 miles from its mouth, and is built on 
 a declivity which descends to the south and east. Hack of the city the 
 ground rises to a considerable height, from the elevated part< of which a 
 fine view is obtained of the surrounding country. It contains a court- 
 house, a custom house, 3 banks, an almshouse, 2 markets, 9 churches, and 
 7,000 inhabitants. The harbor is the best in the state, easy of access, spacious, 
 and safe, having a depth of water for the largest ships of war. There are 
 belonging to this place 50 ships and several smaller vessels engaged in the 
 whale fishery. In September, 1781, a large portion of the city was burned 
 by the British under Arnold. Fort Griswold, in Groton, was captured, 
 and a large part of the garrison niassaired. A graniie obi-hsk, 125 feet 
 high, erected neur the j-pot, commemorates the event ; and on a tablet are 
 
STATE OF CONNECTICUT. 39 
 
 inscribed the names of those, who fell. Steamboats leave dai/'j for JVew 
 York. Stia/nhoats hi connection with cars leave daily fur Boston via 
 jsr.irwich and Worcester, Mass. Stages leave 3 times a week for Stun- 
 inston ; for Prooidence, R. I. ; for Hartford ; and also for JVew 
 Haoen. 
 
 Norwich, semi-capital of New London county, is situated at the 
 junction of the Yantic and Shetucket rivers with the Thames. The city 
 is huilt on a steep acclivity, the houses on each street, as you ascend, 
 overlooking those on the streets below. It is at tlie head of navigation 
 on the Thames river, and has a court-house, town-house, 4 banks, 8 
 churches, 3 academies, and about 5,000 inhabitants. The falls of the 
 Yuntic are singularly wild and picturesQue. From a high projecting rock 
 which overhangs the foot of those falls, the Mohegan warriors plunged to 
 destruction, when pursued by the Narnigiinsetts. The town formerly be- 
 longed lo the Mohegan Indians, the burial place of whose kings is still to 
 be i^een here. Cars arrive from, and depart for Boston daily , and steam- 
 boats leave daily for J^'ew York. Stages leave 3 times a week for Hart- 
 ford, and for Springfield, Mass. 
 
 Stonington, 71 miles from New Haven, is situated on a rocky point of 
 land, which projects about half a mile into the Sound. It has a good 
 harbor, and contains 2 churches, 2 academies, a bank, and about 1,000 
 inhabitants. Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for JVew York. 
 Cars arrive from, and depart daily for Boston via Providence. Stages 
 leave 3 times a week for Kew London, JVew Haoen, i^-c. 
 
 Stafford Springs are situated on a small branch of Willimantic river, 
 24 miles northeast from Hartford. Tiiey have been prcHiounced by 
 chemists to be the most efficacious chalybeate springs in the United States. 
 There are two distinct springs, one of which contains "a solution of iron, 
 sustained by carbonic acid gas, a portion of marine salt, some earthy 
 substances, and what has been called natron, or a native alkali." The 
 other contains " a large portion of hydrogen gas, of sulpliur, and a small 
 proportion of iron." Stages arrioe frovi, and depart daily for Hartford 
 during the watering season. 
 
 RliDDLETOWN is on the right bank of Connecticut river, and at the head 
 of ship navigation. There are in the city, a court-house, a custom- 
 house, 3 banks, 8 churches, the Wesleyan University, 3 academies, and 
 about 4,000 inhabitants. The VVesleyau University, under the direction of 
 the Methodists, was founded in 1831. It has a president and 8 professors, 
 221 alumni, 105 students, and 1,100 volumes in its libraries. The com- 
 mencement is on the first Wednesday in August. It has a valuable 
 philosophical apptiratus, and mineralogical cabinet. Steamboats arrive 
 from, and depart daily for Hartford and J^ew York. Stages leave three 
 times a week for Hartford, for ./Vrw Haven, and for Saybrook. 
 
 Bripricport, Fairfield county, situated on the west side of an arm of 
 Long Island Sound, is 17 miles WSW. tVom New Haven, and 62 NE. 
 frotn New York, and contains 5 churches, 2 banks, several extensive 
 manufactories, and about 4,000 inhabitants. Steamboats ply daily to and 
 from JVew York. Cars leave daily for -Albany via JVew Milford, Canaan, 
 Great Barrington, Mass., (^-c, <S,-c. 
 
 LiTC:HFiKLn, 33 miles west from Hartford, is pleasantly situated on the 
 summit of a hill, and contains a court-house, 2 churches, an academy, a 
 bank, and about BOO inhabitants. Stages leave daily for Hartford; 3 
 tiiiies a week for JVew Haven ; for Cornwall ; and for JVew Milford. 
 
40 
 
 STATE OF NEW YORK. 
 
 M W \i)liK 1, MtucUd l)t,l\\«eii 40^ 30 and 71«» 
 i.")!) A. J.it , .iiul InUvetii 7H db' .ind 79^ 5()' W. Ion., 
 .11. il contains an area ot 46,UU0 square miles. Popula- 
 I tion 1840, a,4-2«.921 ; 1845, 2,584,365. 
 
 Physical features. — This state is divided into three 
 unequal parts, by two great valleys, viz. : First, the 
 valley of the Hudson, including the depression in which 
 L.ike Cluimplain is situated — or more properly the val- 
 li > -^ of tlie Hudson and of Champlain united : Second, 
 ^th( valleys of the Mohawk and Oneida lake and Os- 
 wego river united. The eastern division is a long 
 ■^^.^-tr: narrow belt extending from New York Island to the 
 
 mail 1)1 l.iki ( h.itnplain. Its eastern limits are the borders of Con- 
 neciicut, Ma-^sdchu-etts, and Vermont, with a slope westward to the 
 Hudson, traversed longitudinally by several narrow valleys. This division 
 comprehends the western s-lope of the Taghkanic Mountain."?, which form 
 the watershed that separates the waters flowing into the Hudson from 
 those which flow into Long Island Sound. The north division of the state 
 is traversed by the Clinton range. There are several subordinate ranges 
 connected with this group. It begins at Little Falls, in the valley of 
 the Mohawk, and pursues a northeast course across the country to 
 Trembleau Point, on the west shore of Lake Champlain. There are 
 numerous lofty peaks, which form a remarkable group, and have been 
 styled the Adirondack Mountains. Mount Marcy, the highest of the 
 range, attains to an elevation 5.467 feet above the sea. Tiiis ridge pre- 
 sents the waler-shed of the region, dividing the waters of the Hudson, or 
 those which flow south into the Atlantic, from those which flow into the 
 Gulf of St. Lawrence. The south division is situated between I<ake 
 Ontario and the Mohawk and the Hudson valleys, and Pennsylvania. It 
 rises with a gradual ascent until it reaches its maximum height near the 
 southern boundary of the state. The southeastern part of this division is 
 comprised in three ranges, viz. : the Highlands, broken through by llie 
 Hudson ; the Shawangunk ; and the Catskill. 
 
 The principal rivers are the Hudson, 324 miles long, navigable 156 
 miles to Troy ; the Mohawk, 135 miles long, which enters the Hudson a 
 little above Troy : the Genesee, 125 miles long, which enters Lake On- 
 tario, having nt Rocliester, 5 miles from its mouth, two fulls of 96 and 75 
 feet ; Black river, which rises near the sources of the Hudson, and flows 
 120 miles into Lake Ontario ; the Saranac, 65 miles long, entering Lake 
 Champlain at Pluttsburg ; the Oswegatchie, IdO miles, flowing into the 
 Si. Lawrence ; the Oswego, proceeding 40 miles from Oneida I..ake into 
 liake Ontario ; the Au Sable, rising in the Adirondack Mountains, and 
 having a course of 75 miles to Lake Champlain. The majestic St. 
 
STATE OF NEW YORK. 41 
 
 Lawrence forms a part of the northern boundury of the state. The head 
 branches of tlie SusQuehanna, the Alleghany, and the Delaware, rise in 
 tJiis state. 
 
 Besides lakes Ontario and Erie on the N., and Champlain on the E , which 
 are but partly witliin it, there are wliolly within the state many picturesque 
 sheets of water — viz., Lalies George, Oneida, Skaneateles, Owasco, Cayuga, 
 Seneca, Crooked lake, Cunandaigua, and Chaulauque. 
 
 The islands belonging to New York are — Long Island, 120 miles long 
 from W. to E., with an average width of about J5 miles, within whose 
 waters on the east are Fisher's, Shelter, Robin's, and some other islands ; 
 Stalen Island, southwest of the harbor of New York, 18 miles long and 
 8 wide; Manhattan Island, on which the city of New York stands, ]3i 
 miles long and about li wide at an average breadth ; Grand Island, in 
 Niagara river, 12 miles long and from 2 to 7 wide, and extending to within 
 a short distance of the falls. 
 
 The liarbor of New York is one of the finest in the United States. On 
 the bar at Sandy Hook, it has a depth of from 21 to 27 feet. Sag Harbor, 
 oil the E., and Brooklyn on the W. end of Long Island, have good harbors. 
 Sacketts Harbor has a good natural, and Oswego a good artilicial harbor, 
 on Lake Ontario. Buffalo and Dunkirk are harbors on Lake Erie. 
 
 This slate has a number of higiily respectable literary institutions: — 
 Columbia College, (formerly King's,) founded in New York in 1754; 
 Union College, at Schenectady, founded in 1795 ; Hamilton College, in 
 Clinton, founded in 1812; Geneva College, in Geneva, founded in 1823; 
 the University of the City of New York, founded in 1831 ; St. John's Col- 
 lege, at Fordliani, founded in 1841 ; the Hamilton Literary and Theologi- 
 cal Seminary, founded in 1819 ; the Theological Institute of the Episco- 
 pal Church, founded in 1819, in the city of New York; the Union 
 Theological Seminary, connected with the University, founded in 182(5 ; 
 the Theological Seminary, at Auburn, founded in 1821 ; the Hartwick 
 Seminary, founded at Hartwick, in Otsego county, in 1816; the Theologi- 
 cal Seminary of the Associate Reformed Church, founded at Newburg, in 
 1836; the College of Physicians and Surgeons, in the city of New York, 
 founded in 1807 ; the Albany Medical College, founded in 1839. There 
 are in the state 550 academies, and 12,000 common and primary schools. 
 
 The governor is elected biennially. He must be 30 years of age, be a 
 native-born citizen of the United States, and have resided five years 
 in the state. The lieutenant-governor is elected in like manner, and 
 must possess similar qualifications. He is president of the senate; and 
 in case of the disqualification, absence, or death of the governor, discharges 
 the duties of that office. The senate consists of 32 members, who are 
 chosen for 5 years, one-fourth of whom are elected annually. The as- 
 sembly consists of 128 members, elected annually. The governor nom- 
 inates all judicial officers, except justices of the peace, and has the power 
 of appointment, with the consent of the senate. The judges hold their 
 offices during good behavior, or until they are 60 years of age. Every 
 male white citizen 21 years of age, who has resided one year in the state, 
 and for six months preceding the election in the county where he 
 offers his vote, enjoys the right of suftrage. Persons of color are al- 
 lowed to vote, who have resided five years in the state, and who possess a 
 freehold of $250, and have held it one year previous to the election, and 
 paid a tax upon it. 
 
 In 1609, Flendrick Hudson, an English navigator, serving the Dutch 
 East India Company, discovered Hudson river, and in 1G14 some Dutch 
 
42 
 
 STATE OF NEW YORK. 
 
 merchants built a fort where the city of New York now stands. The 
 Btate passed into the possession of the English in 1664, who governed 
 it down to the revolution, with the exception of a single year. On the 
 2Gth of July, 1788, this state in convention adopted tlie constitution of the 
 United States ; — yeas 30, nays 25. 
 
 Nkvv\oiik tl ( II Ii I 1 ot \ irih \ii i i. ii 
 mtrcixl tily on liit ^loU i^ situated on M ii h ut m 1>1 uul it tliL ton 
 fluence of the Hudson with the East river or strait of Long Island 
 Sound, in lat. 40° 42' 40", Ion. 74*^ 00' 41" W. from Greenwicli. Its 
 harbor is safe, spacious, easy of access, and capable of accommodating 
 the united navies of the world. The harbor occupies a wide circuit of 
 twenty-five miles, everywhere bounded with variegated scenery, villages, 
 and country seats, and embosoms several beautiful islands. New York 
 has communication, by steam and sailing packets, to all the principal sea- 
 ports of America, Europe, Africa, Asia, East and West Indies, and the 
 Islands of the Pacific. Its progress in population, commerce, and 
 wealth, has no parallel. Population in 17i»0 was 33.131 ; in 1800, 60,489 ; 
 in 1810, 96,373; in 1820, 123,706; in 1830, 202.589; in 1840, 312,710; 
 in 1845, 371.223. 
 
 The streets were originally laid out according to the surface of the 
 ground, and some of them were crooked ; but in later times they have 
 been widened and improved. No city can exhibit a more beautiful plan 
 than the northern portion ofNewYork. Principal business streets : — Broad- 
 way extends from the Battery nearly three miles to Union Sanarc. It is 
 80 feet wide, and occupies the height between the two rivers. It is well 
 built, with many fine houses and stores. Being the great promenade of 
 the city, it is much resorted to in pleasant weather by the gay and 
 fashionable. Pearl-street, between Broadway and the East river, is in 
 a crescent form, over a mile long, and is tlie principal seat of tlie whole- 
 sale drygoods and hardware business, which has also extended into Cedar, 
 Pine, and other adjacent streets. Water and Front streets, between 
 Pearl-street and the East river, are occupied chiefly by wholesale grocers, 
 commission merchants, and mechanics connected with the shipping 
 business. South-street, extending along the margin of East river, con- 
 tains the warehouses and oflices of the principal siiipping merchants. 
 In front of it is, at all times, a dense forest of masts. Wall-street extends 
 from Broadway to the East river, .'ind is occupied by banks, insu- 
 rance oHicos, newspaper and brokers' offices, the Custom-house, Mer- 
 chants' Exchange, and many fine granite buildings, and is the centre of 
 the heaviest money transactions in America. The Bowery is a wide and 
 extensive street east of Broadway, running north and south, connected 
 with the third avenue, which is macadamized to Harlem, and forms the 
 principal entrance to the city from the northeast. 
 
 Public Squares, &c. — The Batter)/, at the southeastern end of the 
 
STATE OF NEW YORK. 
 
 43 
 
 island, is situated at the junction of the Hudson and East rivers. It is in 
 tlie form of a crescent, and contains about 11 acres of ground, tastefully 
 laid out, and from it is obtained a fine view of the bay, witli its islands, 
 and the adjacent shores. Castle Garden is built on a mole, and con- 
 nected with the Buttery by a bridge. It was originally erected as a 
 fortification, and having become unnecessary for tiial purpose, was ceded 
 by the United States to the corporation of the city, in 1823. It has been 
 covered by a roof converting it into an immen.se room, which is used for 
 exhibitions, &c. The Buxcling Green, at the soutiiern termination of 
 Broadway, is an elliptic il area, 220 ftet long and 140 broid, contninnig a 
 fountain supplied by the Croton v\ Uei-\\()rlv> and i» tn(io-~((l by an 
 iron railing. It was c-tibli-hid bttoit tin u\ )'iiii n u \U\ u il ( on- 
 tained a leaden statue ot 
 George III,, which \\ i- I '-^ i^^ 
 
 converted into bulleti ^it 
 that period. The Park, 
 called in early times the 
 Cunuiions, is a triang ul ir 
 area of 10| acres, l>ni 
 between Broadway, C luii 
 liani.aiid Chambers strttt 
 It contains the City IJall 
 the city buildings, oi old 
 Almshouse, the Hall oil 
 Records, and Rotunda tor ' 
 the exhibition of paintm^s It h t& aKo, low ii(l> it- south p irt. a public 
 fountain, within a basin 100 feet in diameter, the water of which ascends 
 in a single stream to the height of 70 feet. St. John's Park in Hudson- 
 Btrset, containing about four acres of ground, is beautifully laid out with 
 walks, shaded with trees, and embellished with a fountain. Washington 
 Square, a mile and a half north of the City Hall, between Fourth-street 
 and Waverley Place, contains about ten acres of ground. Two-thirds of 
 this urea was the Potter's Field until 1827. It is tastefully laid out with 
 walks and shaded with trees. Union Square, at the northern termination 
 of Broadway, is in an elliptical form, enclosed with a fine iron fence, 
 having a public fountain in the centre, with ornamental jets. Tompkivs 
 Square, in the northeast part of the city, is a large and ornamented 
 ground. Grammercy Park, between the Third and Fourth avenues, is 
 small, but very tastefully laid out, and ornamented with trees, shrubbery, 
 &c. Madison, Bloomingdale, and Hamilton squares are very extensive 
 grounds, but not yet regulated. 
 
 The city of New York has many superb public buildings. The 
 most splendid of these is the Merchants^ Exchange, which covers tiie 
 whole space between Wall, William, Exchange, and Hanover streets. 
 It is built in the most substantial form, of Quincy granite, and is 200 
 feet long by 171 to 144 feet wide, 77 feet high to the top of the cor- 
 nice, and 124 to the top of the dome. The front on Wall street has 
 a recess(^d portico of eighteen massive Grecian-Ionic columns, 38 feet 
 high and 4 feet four inches in diameter. Besides numerous other rooms 
 for various purposes, the Exchange in the centre is in a circular form, 80 
 feet in diameter, with four recesses, making the length and breadth each 
 100 feet, the whole 80 feet high, surmounted with a dome resting in part 
 on eight Corinthian columns of Itaban marble. 41 feet high, and lighted 
 by a skylight 25 feet in diameter. The Custom-house is a fine building, 
 
44 STATE OF NEW YORK. 
 
 constructed in the Doric order of Grecian arcliitecture. It is built in the 
 most substantial manner, of white marble, after the model of the PartJienon 
 at Athens, and occupies the site of the old Federal Hall, in the open 
 gallery of which, Washin(}ton was inaugurated. Tlie building is 'JUO 
 feet long, 9U feet wide, and 80 feet high. At the soutli end on Wall- 
 street is a portico of eight columns, 5 feet eight inches in diameter and 32 
 feet high ; and on the north end on Pine-street is a corresponding portico. 
 The great business hall is a circular room, 60 feet in diameter, with 
 recesses and galleiies, making it 80 feet in diameter, surmounted by a 
 dome, supported by 16 Corinthian columns 30 feet high. The City Hall 
 is beautifully situated in the Park; it is 216 feet long and ]05 wide. The 
 front is ornamented with columns and pilasters of the Ionic, Corinthian, 
 and Composite orders, rising above each other in regular gradations. 
 There are 'JB offices and other public rooms, the most conspicuous of 
 which are the Governor's-room, and the Chambers of the Common 
 Council and Assistant Aldermen. The Governor'' s-roomis appropriated to 
 the governor of the state when he visits the city, and has been used as a 
 reception-room for other distinguished persons. It is 5i by 20 feet. The 
 walls are hung with a fine collection of portraits, including the governors 
 of the state, the mayors of the city, since the revolution, some of. the 
 Dutch governors, and tiie principal military and naval heroes. The 
 Common Council Room is 4'i by 30 feet, and the president occupies tiie 
 eame chair in which General Washington sat when he presided over the 
 first American Congress, which assembled in New York. The room con- 
 tains several fine full-length portraits painted by Trumbull, of which 
 that of Washington is thought the best in existence. The Superior Court 
 Room is very neat and conveniently fitted up for its purpose. To the 
 east of the City-hall is the Hall of Records ; it has a lofty portico of four 
 Ionic pUlars on each front; and in the rear of it, are the City Buildings, 
 containing the United States Court rooms and several public offices. The 
 Hall of Justice occupies the whole space between Centre, Elm, Leonard, 
 and Franklin streets, and is an elegant building of the Egyptian order of 
 architecture. 
 
 There are 215 churches m the city ; many of them have been recently 
 built, and are expensive, elegant, and commodious buildings. 
 
 New York contains several literary institutions. The oldest is Columbia 
 College, chartered by George II. in 1754, by the name of King's College, 
 and confirmed, with alterations, by the legislature of New York, in 1784, 
 It has a president, and 10 profe.<.sors, 1,170 alumni, 124 students, and 
 14,000 volumes in its libraries. The buiJding is situated on a' beautiful 
 square at the head of Park Place, and contains a chapel, lecture room, 
 halls, museum, and an extensive philosophical and chemical apparatus. 
 The funds amount to about $200,000. The commencement is on the Tues- 
 day preceding the last Wednesday in September. There is a flourishing 
 grammar school attached to the institution. The University of the city 
 of New York, in University Place, has a fine edifice of white marble, in 
 the Gothic style of architecture. This institution, founded in 1831, has a 
 chancellor and 12 professors, (besides 6 professors in its medical de- 
 partment,) and in all its departments 737 students— viz., undergraduates, 
 145; inedical, 343; grammar school, 249. It has a valuable library and 
 philosophical apparatu.s. The General Theological Seminary of the Prot. 
 Epis. Church in the U. S., cornerof Ninth avenue and 2l8t-strcet, founded in 
 1819, contains two handsome buildings, and has 6 professors, 74 students, 
 and 9,350 volumes in its library. The Union Theological Seminary, 
 
STATE OF NEW YORK. 45 
 
 (Presbyterian,) organized in 1836, has 6 professors, 104 students, and 
 16,000 volumes in its liljiary Tiie Rutser's Fenmle Institute, in Madison- 
 street, has a vaiuuhle library and philosopbicdl app:iratus. The Me- 
 chanics' Society School, in Crosby-street, has a number of teachers and 
 500 pupils. The College of Physicians and Surgeons, founded in 1807, 
 has a handsome edifice in Crosby-street ; it has 6 professors, about 220 
 students, a library of 2,000 volumes, and a superior museum of anatomical 
 preparations. Tlie lectures commence on the first Moiidiiy in November, 
 and continue four months. The New York Hospital, handsomely situ- 
 ated ill Broadway, has extensive buildings. The Eye Infirmary has 
 four surgeons attached to it. The New York Lunatic Asylum, con- 
 nected with the New York Hospital, located at Bloomingdale, has a 
 large and fine building, attached to which are 40 acres of ground, taste- 
 fully laid out in gardens, pleasure-grounds, and gravelled walks; it 
 occupies one of the most elevated sites on the island. The Deaf and 
 Dumb Asylum is on .50tli- street, near the Fourth avenue, and has a 
 principal and 8 instructors. The Institution for the Blind, on the 8th 
 avenue, has about 70 pupils. 
 
 The New York Society Library, an old institution, founded in 1754, 
 has an elegant edifice on Broadway at the corner of Leonard-street, and 
 besides spacious accommodations for the library, has a handsonje and 
 conjmodious lecture-room, and the rooms of the Academy of Design. 
 The library, which contains about 40,000 volumes, is open on every 
 week day. The Historical Society, at the University, has a valuable 
 library of 12,000 volumes, besides a collection of coins, medals, and 
 manuscripts ; it has published several volumes of historical collections. 
 The National Academy of Design, instituted in 1826, has purchased the 
 statuary of the Academy of Fine Arts, and exhibits annually a large col- 
 lection of paintings by living artists. Its exhibitions open on the 15th of 
 April and close on the 4th of July annually ; the same painting is not al- 
 lowed to be exhibited twice. Clinton-hall Association was founded in 
 1830 for the promotion of Literature, Science, and tlie Arts, and is the 
 proprietor of Clinton-hall, in which the Mercantile Library is located. 
 The Mercantile Library Association was formed in 1H20 for the special 
 benefit of merchants' clerks. It has a library of 21,000 volumes, and a 
 reading-room much frequented. It sustains, in the winter season, an in- 
 teresting course of literary and scientific lectures. The Apprentices' 
 Library, in Crosby-street, contains 12,000 volumes. The American In- 
 stitute, incorporated in 1829, for the encouragement of Agriculture, (Com- 
 merce, and Manufactures, has a valuable library, reading-room, and a 
 collection of models of machinery. It holds an annual fair. The New 
 York Lyceum, founded in 1838, sustains, in the winter season, an able 
 course of lectures. The Mechanics' Institute contains a library of about 
 2,000 volumes, a reading-room, supplied with the reviews, literary and 
 scientific journals, and newspapers ; a museum of models of machinery, 
 and a valuable chemical and philosophical apparatus. It has established 
 an annual course of lectures ; and also two schools, one for each of the 
 sexes. There are many religious charitable institutions which have their 
 centre in New York. 
 
 There are 25 Banks in the city of New York, with an aggregate capital 
 of 28 millions of dollars; several marine insurance companies, with a 
 total capital of about 3 millions ; 26 fire insurance companies, with an ag- 
 gregate capital of about 8 millions ; besides several mutual insurance 
 companies. There are four savings banks, 15 markets, five theatres, an 
 
h 
 
 46 STATE OF NEW YORK. 
 
 opera-'nouse, a museum, and a circus. During the summer there are 
 tliciitrical performances at. Castle Garden and Niblo's Garden. 
 
 Tiiere are in New York many splendid hotels, of which the Aster 
 House, is the most remarkable. 
 
 The Croton.JcjucduU commences at the Croton river, five miles from 
 
 tlie Hudson, in Westches- 
 t( r county. The iJam is 
 jCi ->J0 ^^^' 'o"g' ''0 feet wide 
 *)1y^ lit the bottom, and 7 at 
 -'^ the top, and 40 feet high, 
 -.„^^ built of stone and cement, 
 g;* It creates a pond 5 milea 
 'long, covering a surface 
 : of 400 acres, and contain- 
 .nig 500 millions of gallons 
 f water. From the dam, 
 lie Aqueduct proceeds, 
 soinetuneB lunntlling tlirougli =uiid rucK.^, cro-sing valleys by embank- 
 ments, and brooks by culverts, until it reaches Harlem river, a distance of 
 33 miles. It is built of stone, brick, and cement, arched over and under, 
 6 feet three inches wide at bottom, 7 feet eight inches at top of the side 
 walls, and 8 feet five inches high ; has a descent of 13i inches per mile, 
 and will discharge 60 millions of gallons every twenty-four hours. It 
 crosses the Harlem river on a magnificent bridge of stone, 1,450 feet long, 
 with 14 piers, 8 of them bearing arclics of 80 feet span, and seven others 
 of 50 feet span, 114 feet above tide-water, at the top. The receiving 
 reservoir, at 8(5th-street, 38 miles from the Croton dam, covers 35 acres, 
 and holds 150 millions of gallons. The distributing reservoir, on Murray's 
 Hill in 40th street, covers 4 acres, and is constructed of stone and ce- 
 ment, 45 feet high above the street, and holds twenty millions of gallons. 
 Thence the water is distributed over the city in iron pipes, laid so deep 
 under ground as to be secure from frost. The whole cost of the work has 
 been about 13 millions of dollars. The water is of the purest kind of 
 river water. There are laid below the distributing reservoir in 40th- 
 fitreet, more than 170 miles of pipe from 6 to 36 inches in diameter. 
 
 There are not more than four cities in Europe larger than New York, 
 viz., London, Paris, Constantniople, and St. Petersburg. 
 
 Steamboats leave daily fur Boston on four routes, viz. : via Providence, 
 via Stonington ; via J^ew London and ^dllt/n's Point ; and via JVtw 
 Haven, {see routes 122, 123, 124, 125 :) and daily for Bridgeport, JSTor- 
 walk, JVew Rochdle, Flushing, Glen Cove, Oyster Bay, Port Jefferson, 
 <S-c. On the Hudson, several lines run daily for .rithany, {fare 50 cts. 
 to $2,) and also to the intermediate places, {see route 128;) a line runs 
 daily fur Piermont, {where it connects with the J^'ew Turk and Erie 
 railroad, see route 131,) and also for Philadelphia, connecting with the 
 Camden and Amboy railroad, {fare §3.) Cars leave daily on the J^ong 
 Island railroad for Boston, fare $3 ; IVhite Plains. »S-(;., by the Harlem, 
 railroad; for Paterson, jV. .L, for Philadelphia, fare $4, twice daily 
 via Jersey City, jYcwark, JsTcw Brunswick, Princeton, Trenton, &'c. 
 Fark to Baltimore, §7; to JVashivgton, $8. GO ; to Richmond. Va., $13.60; 
 to Wilmington, jX. C. §23.50; to Charleston, S. C, lS28 ; to Mobile, 
 8()4..50; to JVew Orleans, SG1).50 -—to Pittsburg, Pa., §16; to Wheeling, 
 $17; ti) Cincinnati, $21 •,-t.o Buffalo, S14; to Cleveland, Ohio, $19; lo 
 Detroit, $20; to Mackinac, $24 ; to Milwaukee and Chicago, $26. 
 
STATE OF NEW YORK. 47 
 
 Jersey City. New York. Brooklyn. 
 
 Brooklyn is situated on Long Island, opposite the southeastern part of 
 the city of New York, with which it is connected by four ferries, upon 
 whicii steamboats ply, every few minutes, day and ni!?lit. Its beautiful, 
 and for the most part elevated situation, has made it a favorite residence 
 of many persons doing business in New York. It contains a City Hall, 30 
 churches, H banks, a savings institution, 3 insurance companies, and in 
 1845, 60,1)00 inhabitants. The Lyceum is a fine granite building with a 
 spacious lecture-room. The Citi/ Library contains over 3,000 volumes, 
 and has a fine building and reading-room. The Hamilton Literary 
 Association supports annually an able course of lectures. The United 
 States J\'avy Yard is situated on Wallabout bay, and covers 40 acres of 
 jrround, containing several extensive ship-houses, and houses for storage 
 of materials, workshops, &c. An extensive drydock is in the course of 
 construction. Connected with the Navy Yard is the United States JSTaval 
 Lyceum, a literary institution formed in 1832, possessing a valuable 
 library, an extensive collection of charts, and a museum. About half a 
 mile east from the Navy Yard is the United States Naval Hospiuil, a fine 
 building, beautifully situated, and surrounded by 33 acres of land, planted 
 with trees and shrubbery. In Jackson-street, near the Navy Yard, is a 
 vault, over the entrance of which is the following inscription: 
 
 "PORTAL TO THE TOMB OF 11,500 PATRIOT PRISONERS, 
 
 WHO DIED IN DUNGEONS AND PRISON-SHIPS, 
 
 In and about the city of Kew York, during the Revolution." 
 In the year J 808, the bones of these martyrs were collected from the 
 hill-sides in the neighborhood, where they had been slightly interred, and 
 placed in this vault. 
 
 (rreenwood Cemetery, in the south part of Brooklyn, is admirably situa- 
 ted, and presents an agreeable variety of surface 
 and scenery ; from the elevated parts, the views 
 are extremely beautiful, overlooking the cities of 
 New York and Brooklyn, the bay of New York, 
 the Narrows, and the Atlantic ocean. The; 
 ground has been laid out in the most tasteful ,^| 
 manner, preserving its natural surface, ponds, 
 trees, shrubbery, &c. ; and many appropriate! 
 tombs and monuments have been erected. 
 
 There are on Long Island several places much fre- 
 quented in the summer season— viz.. Fort Ham- 1 
 iiton. Coney Island, Rockaway, Patchogue, <&c., 
 on the south side ; and Glen Cove, Oyster Bay, Stony Brook, Port Jeffer- 
 son, Greenport, and Sag Harbor, on the north. Sea bathing may be en- 
 joyed at all these places ; and most of them afford abundance of sport in 
 fishing and fowling. Most of these places may be approached daily by 
 sta^xrs running in cmincction with the rail cars, or by lines of steam- 
 boats, or sailing vtsstis. 
 
48 STATE OF NEW YORK. 
 
 Tour on the Hudson River. 
 
 [The figures on the left of the page denote the distance /n/m jS/tanj/— 
 on the right, the distance /row J^ew York.} 
 
 In ascending the Hudson, immediately on leaving the wharf, tha 
 traveller's attention is drawn to the view seaward — the bay of ^ew Iforit, 
 with its moving panorama of vessels, its picturesque islands and shores — 
 all of which constitute a scene of surpassing beauty. 
 ri45l "Ikksey City, formerly known as Powle's Hook, is on the 
 '■ -' Jersey shore, opposite to the place of starting, and contains five 
 churches and 4,000 inhabitants. At this place the New Jersey and the 
 Paterson railroads commence, and also the Morris canal. One mile north is 
 HoBOKEN, a favorite resort of the citizens of New York. The grounds 
 for nearly 2 miles along the Hudson are laid out in walks, embowered in 
 J-, -o-i trees. Weehavvken, 2 miles north, is a bold rocky blutf. rising r^■^ 
 '• ' ^ abruptly from the water's edge. A villa occupies its summit. '■ 
 A short distance above, on the river-shore, overhung by beetling cliffs and 
 almost inaccessible from the land-side, is the famous duelling-ground. 
 Here it was that Gen. Hamilton fell, July llth, 1804. The Pahsailes, 
 which commence at Weehawken, are a massy range of columnar rock, 
 rising almost perpendicularly from the shore to the height of four or five 
 hundred feet, and are regarded as one of the most picturesque and inter- 
 esting objects on the Hudson. They extend for a distance of 20 miles — 
 [-.oq-i their summits being slightly undulating table-land. Bull's rp-] 
 '• ■' Ferry. — From this place to New York, a ferry has existed for '■ 
 more than half a century. Opposite is Bloomingdale, a suburb of 
 New York, extending north 3 or 4 miles. The Orphan Asylum, with 
 numerous seats embowered in shrubbery, attracts the attention ; and the 
 Lunatic Asylum, situated on elevated ground, is also an object of 
 interest. Immediately above, is seen .Manhattavville valley and its pretty 
 r.o-l village, containing a church and about 500 inhabitants. Fort r,^-, 
 *■ -' Lee, on the Jersey side, (from which a steamboat plies several '• 
 times daily to New York,) derives its name from a fort built on the sum- 
 mit of the rocks, 300 feet above the river. Traces of the ruins of the 
 fortress still remain, overgrown with shrubbery. Just above, on the New 
 York side, is Fort Washington, situated on the most elevated point 
 of the island. It was taken by the British, after a desperate resistance. 
 November 16th, 1776, and the garrison put to the sword. The ruins still 
 exist, in the centre of which there has been erected a pretty mansion. 
 rn2l ^P'^Y''"^'^ DuYVEL Creek enters the Hudson two miles above rj^-. 
 '■ Fort Washington, and connecting with Harlem river, sepa- 
 
 rates New York from the main land. Kingahridge crosses this creek one 
 mile east. On the north of this stream, on the heights, was Fort Inde- 
 rjogi pendevce. Yonkers is on the east bank, at the entrance of rj.^-] 
 
 Sawkill cr. It contains two churches, a seminary, and about 50 
 dwellings. Clofifer Landing is on the opposite side of the river. Has- 
 tings, three miles north of Yonkers, has several pretty country residences, 
 rjog-j DoBBS Ferry was a noted place in the war of the Revolu- ro2] 
 
 tion. Here is a village containing two churches and 50 dwell- 
 ings. On the opposite shore, and just below the old ferry landing, is the 
 commencement of the line dividing the states of New York and New Jersey, 
 rjoj-] Piermont, on the west bank, was formerly known as the p^-. 
 ^ ~ ^ " Slnat." At this place a pier has been erected about one mile '•*' 
 long, on which is the depot of the JVcw York and Eric railroad, which 
 
STATE OF NEW YOKK. 49 
 
 commences here. A steamboat plies daily to and from New York. The 
 village contains two churches and about 1,(100 inhabitants. Tliree miles 
 west lies the village of Tappan ; and about a quarter of a mile from 
 this, on an eminence overlooking, to the east, a romantic and fertile val- 
 ley, is the spot where Major Andre was executed, October i!d, ITriO. 
 Ckirs leave Piermont everyday on the route west — see ronteYi\. Here 
 commences an expansion of the river, locally known as " Tappan Sea," 
 and extending for a distance of ten miles, with an average width of 2i 
 miles. The Van Tassell House is on the east shore, just above, and 
 nearly opposite to Piermont. It is the residence of Washington Irving. 
 r,.Qi Tarrytown, on the east bank, is prettily situated, and con- ^^^-t 
 '■ -' tains 4 churches and about 1,000 iniiabitants. About one- '■"' 
 fourth of a mile north of the village, ia the spot where IMajor Andre was 
 taken prisoner, and at the distance of a rnile further north, is an ancient 
 Dutch church, (supposed to be the oldest in the state,) erected in 161)9. 
 It was in this church that the never-to-be-forgotten Ichabod Crane, in 
 rivalry of the Dominie, led off tlie choir. It was also in the ravine 
 near hi', that Ichabod had his fearful encounter with the headless horse- 
 man, when he disappeared forever from the vale of Sleepy Hollow. 
 Nyack, on the west bank, is a considerable village, containing 3 churches 
 and 800 inhabitants. Near the northern extremity of Tappan bay, on the 
 east side, is the thriving village of 
 
 rn2l ^iNG Sing, containing four churches, two seminaries, and r^i 
 l- -I about 2,000 inhabitants. Mount Pleasant State Prison is a •- -* 
 short distance south of the village, where are extensive quarries of 
 marble, wrought by the convicts. The prison grounds cover an area of 
 130 acres. — Almost opposite to Sing Sing is Verdreitjes Hook, a rocky 
 promontory. Half a mile above is Rockland Lake Landing ; and 
 about f of a mile from the Hudson is the lake, a picturesque sheet of 
 water, frcmi which immense quantities of ice of the purest kind are ob- 
 tained. This lake is the principal source of Hackensack river. — Abov<» 
 Verdreitjes Hook the river expands again to an average width of two 
 miles for a distance of sbc miles, and is called Haverstraw bay. 
 Havkrstraw is a neat village on the west shore, and contains two p„„-| 
 churches, an academy, and 400 inhabitants. — Grassv Point is two ^ ^ 
 j-.„„-| miles above, at which is a steamboat-landing. Stony Point, a 
 -' small rough promontory, is on the west side of the river, with a light- 
 house on its suimnit. It was fortified in the war of the Revolution, and 
 was distinguished by the celebrated and successful assault made upon it 
 by the Americans under Gen. Wayne, on the night of the 16th July, 1779. 
 On tlT€ east side, and opposite to Stony Point, is Verplanck's Point, near 
 which place was the famous continental village, containing the United 
 noil ^'^'^'^^^ Barracks, destroyed by the enemy in Oct., 1777. Cald- r . .-i 
 ^ -' WELLS, at the entrance to the highlands, is the first landing-place '• -' 
 in ascending the river, and from which steamboats ply across the river to 
 rgfjl Peekskill, a village mostly situated on an elevation 200 feet r.^-, 
 '-"-' above the river. It contains a bank, 8 churches, an academy, '- ■' 
 and 2,000 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 tiines a week {in the summer season 
 daily) for Mohapack lake and Carmel, and 3 times for Danbnry, Con. 
 On the bluff north of Peekskill creek is the site of Fort Independence. 
 
 The Highlands, or Matteawiin Mountains, extend in a northeastern 
 
 direction across Orange and Rockland counties, till they are broken by 
 
 the Hudson ; rising again on the eastern side of the river, they pass off in the 
 
 Banie general direction, occupyina a breadth of from l.'i to 20 mile^j, 
 
 3 
 
50 STATE OF NEW YORK. 
 
 Several of their Bummits attain to an elevation of 1,000 to 1,685 feet. 
 "Tl)ey are composed principally of granite and gneiss, embedding loose 
 nodules and fixed veins of magnetic iron ores, with other mmerals of the 
 same class. It is unequivocally a primitive chain, and in the early ages 
 must have opposed a burrier to the passage of the waters, and caused a 
 vast lake, covering the present valley of the Hudson." The course of the 
 traveller is now for a mile in a direction almost due west, through what 
 is locally called the Horse Race^ from the rapidity of its current; this is 
 caused by an abrupt angle in the bed of the river, which is contracted to 
 a narrow space by its passage through the mountain mass. The Thunder 
 Mountain on the west, and the noted eminence on the east, called jSn- 
 thoni/'s JVose, stand as guardians of the Pass. The Nose is 1,2-28 feet 
 high. During the Revolution a large boom and chain extended across 
 from the foot of this peak to Fort Mvntgmnery on the west side. Forts 
 CHuton and Montgomery were erected to defend the passage of the river 
 at this place. On the 6th Oct., 1777, Sir H. Clinton, with a force of 
 about .3,000 men, took tliese forts by storm. The works were bravely 
 defended for a length of time by a garrison consisting of only 600 men, 
 who were finally overpowered by superior numbers. — Two miles above 
 Anthony's Nose is the Si/g'ar Z^o^ Mountain, near the base of which is 
 the Beverly House, where Arnold resided when he was meditating that 
 act of treachery which has stamped his memory with everlasting infamy. 
 Buttermilk Fal/s (on the west side, and nearly opposite to the Sugar 
 Loaf) descends in a succession of cascades for more than ]00 feet, spread- 
 ing out in sheets of milk-white foam, and making a beautiful appearance, 
 especially when the stream is swollen by rains. 
 rQ3l West Point, on the right bank of the Hudson, where the |-^„, 
 ^ river makes an angle forming the point from which it derives its ■• ■' 
 
 name, is situated among 
 the most picturesque riv- 
 er and mountain scene- 
 ry conceivable. It was 
 strongly fortified during 
 the waroftheRevolution, 
 and the ruins of Fort 
 Putvnvi, on Mount Inde- 
 pendence, (elevated 495 
 feet above the river,) are 
 objects of greit mtere^t as are aKo the earthen mounds of Fort Clinton, 
 on the phni btlow. The United i>tates Military .Academy was established 
 herein IbO'i. It is situated on a plain 157 feet above tide-w<iter. The 
 buildings are— two stone barracks ; a building for exercises in winter, 275 
 feet long ; a building of Gothic architecture, 150 feet long, witli three 
 towers, for astronomical apparatus and an observatory ; a chapel, hospital, 
 me.ss-hall, 17 separate dwellings for the ofiicers of the institution, several 
 workshops and storerooms, cavalry stables, a magazine, laboratory, 
 soldiers' barracks, a store, and about 25 dwellings for families connected 
 with the estai)lisliment. There is also an extensive hotel situated on the 
 bank of the river. About the grounds are several monuments that 
 erected in memory of Kosciusko by the cadets, at an expense of $5,000, is 
 the mo.st beautiful. The number of cadets is limited to 260. Opposite to 
 West Point, on the R. shore, is Covstitution Island, on which are the 
 ruins of the fort erected during the Revolution. A mast^y chain was ex- 
 tended from tiiis island to West Point. In the cove just above is the West 
 
STATE OF NEW YORK. 51 
 
 Point Foundry, the largest establisliment of the kiml in America, and 
 wliicli employs 400 persons. Cold Spring, on tiie E, sliore, IJ miles 
 above West Point, is very prettily situated, and contains 5 churclies and 
 ],250 inhabitants. Near tlie base of the mountain, north of the village, is 
 Under Cliff, the elegant villa of Gen. Morris. — Crow Nest Mountain ora 
 the west side, the summit of which is elevated 1,394 feet above the river, 
 affords a beautiful and extended prospect. — Butter Hill, just above, is 
 1,530 feet above the river. On tlie E. side are the three elevations known 
 as Bull Hill, 1,486 feet high. Breakneck Hill, 1,187, and Beacon Hill or 
 Grand Sachem, 1,685 feet high. Polopels Island lies near the east shore, 
 (.jn-, opposite the ravine between Bull and Breakneck Hills. Corn- r^.-, 
 '- -' WALL, on the west side, at the termination of the Highlands, '•' '•' 
 contains about 150 inhabitants. The river expands here to the width of 
 a mile for tJie distance of about live miles, and is called Newburg bay. 
 Two miles above is New Windsor, which has two churches and about 
 250 inhabitants. It is the birthplace of De Witt (Jlinton. 
 pn,-] Newburgii is situated on a steep acclivity, rising to about .^.-. 
 I- J 300 feet. From the terrace there is a magnificetit view of the '- ' 
 river and tiie Highlands. There are in the village a theological seminary, 
 several academies, 3 banks, 11 churches, and about 6,000 inhabitants. 
 The stone jiouse occupied by Washington as his b«ad-quarters, is still 
 standing near the village. On the 23d of June, 1783, the American army- 
 was disbanded here. Stages leave dai/j/ for Goshen and a/ so firr Dun- 
 kirk via Biiighamtun. (See routes 160 and 161.) On the opposite side of 
 the river, and to which a steamboat plies, is Fisfikitl Landing, which has 
 (-^Q-j 3 churches and about 800 inhabitants. FislikiU, about 5 miles ^ -■ 
 '-' -' east of tiie landing, contains 3 churches, an academy, and '- ' 
 1,000 inhabitants. It is noted as being the Head Quarters of the American 
 Army for a time during the war of the Revolution. Three miles above 
 the landing is Low Point, a scattered settlement extending along the 
 river. New Hamburg is on the east side of the river, just above the en- 
 trance to Wappinger's Creek. Hampton, a landing on the opposite side, 
 is connected with New Hamburg by a ferry. Three miles above, on 
 the west side, is Mi/ton Landing. The village isabout half a mile distant, 
 n... 1 Poughkeepsie, the capital of Dutchess county, is on the left p_, ■ 
 ^'^ bank of the Hudson. Population 10,000. This village, one of I-'*' 
 the handsomest in the state, is built on an elevated plain 200 feet above- 
 the river, and contains a court-house, jail, a collegiate school, the 
 Dutchess Academy, four seminaries for young ladies, 3 banks, a savings 
 bank, a market, a lyceum, and 14 churches. The College edifice, modelled 
 after the Parthenon at Athens, stands on Prospect Hill, having a wide 
 range of prospect. The village has a rich back country. Stages leave 3 
 times a week fur Danhury, Con. ; for JsTew Milford ; and for IVest Corn- 
 wall via Sharon. On the west side, opposite to Poughkeepsie, is JVcio 
 Palti Landing. The village of JsTcw Palti lies some distance from tlie 
 river. Six miles above, on the east side, is Hyde Park, which contains 
 3 churches and about 50 dwellings. 
 |.„.-| Rondout, situated at the mouth of a stream of the same .p.-i 
 1- -' name, contains two churches, a seminary, and about 1,500 in- ^ ■' 
 habitants. It is the port of the Delaware and Hudson canal. One mile 
 further north is Kingston Landing. The village of Kingston is situatetJ 
 3 miles west of the landing. It was incorporated in 1805, and contains a 
 court-house, 4 churches, two banks, an academy, and about 2,300 in- 
 habitants. This place was burned by tlie British army Oct., 1777. Stages 
 
52 STATE OF NEW YORK. 
 
 leave 3 times a week for Dclkj, and Ellenville. Six miles above, on the 
 [551 ^^'^^ ^'''^' ^^ lihinebeck Landing. Tiie village of Rhinebeck, p„„, 
 '^ two miles from the landing, contains 3 churches, an aciulemy, ^^ ■' 
 and ahout 1,200 inliubitnnts. Nine miles north is Lmcer Red Hook, and 3 
 miles above is Upper Red Hook Landing. The villages lie sorne 3 or 4 
 miles from the river. A ferryboat plies from the Upper Landing to the 
 [441 ^*^^' ^^^^' '^'' ^^■^■^"'^•^'^TiES, a large manufacturing village, on r^„,, 
 Esopus creek, wliere is an extensive water-power. The village ^ ^ 
 contains five clmrchesand about 2,01)0 inhabitants. — Bristol is 2 iniles above. 
 r„,-] Catskill is prettily situated on the right hank, and contains r, ,,-i 
 ^' ■' a court-house, two banks, 5 churches, and about 3,000 inhabi- l- ^' 
 tants. Vehicles are ready on the arrival of the boats to convey pas- 
 sengers to tiie celebrated summer resort, (12 miles distant,) at Pine 
 Orchard, (^atskill Mountain. There is here an excellent hotel, on an ele- 
 vation 2,212 feet above the level of the Hudson, which gives to the 
 atmosphere a refreshing coolness amid the most sultry heat of summer. 
 A little to the west of the Mountain House are two ponds, the outlets of 
 which unite, and proceed by falls and rapids, in a. 
 deep ravine, to the plain below. The first fall is 180 
 feet perpendicular ; and within a short distance is a 
 ■second fall of about 80 feet. By a circuitous path the 
 traveller can pass down and go under the rock, and 
 ■ Ijehind the water of the first fall, where is presented a 
 ^iMgular and interesting view. From the Mountain 
 House, is a most extensive and varied prospect, for the 
 ilistance of sixty miles, (in a clear atmosphere:) the 
 landscape is distinctly visible, adorned with the pic- 
 turesque Hudson, its green isles and moving panorama 
 of vesse's, its cities, villages, and villas. The range of vision extvnds from 
 tlie Hudson Highlands to the Green Mountains. Stages leave Catskill 
 daily for Ithaca. 
 rpQi Hudson, on the left bank of the river, is built on an elevated r, ,r.-i 
 I- -■ site, from which is obtained a fine view of the river and sur- •- J 
 rounding country. It has an elegant court-house, 8 churches, two banks, 
 two markets, the Franklin Literary Association, with a respectable library 
 and philosophical apparatus, two academies, a lunatic asylum, and 5,700 
 inhabitants. The city is supplied with pure water from a mountain 
 spring two miles distant, conveyed in iron pipes. Several whale-ships be- 
 long to Hudson. The village of JVew Lebanon Springs is 24 miles NE. 
 from Hudson. The Shaker Settlement contains a large church, several 
 extensive workshops, and 600 inhabitants. The Springs are warm, emit 
 nitrogen gas, and have a temperature of 73° Fahreidieit ; they are effica- 
 cious for rheumatism, salt rheum, and cutaneous affections. The country 
 around is beautiful and picturesque, and the springs are much frequented. 
 Cars leave Hudson daily for JVest Stnckhridge, Lebanon Springs, &,c : 
 and stages 3 times a week for Great Barrington, Mass. A ferryboat 
 plies to the west shore at Athens, which contains 4 churches and about 
 1,200 inhabitants. — Four Mile Point, on which is a light-house, is at the 
 r.i.n liead of ship navigation. Coxsackie Landing is on the right ^,241 
 '-' ■' hank ; the village extends along the river for the distance of"- ■" 
 a mile, and contains 3 churches, an academy, and about 1,200 inhabitants. 
 r.Q". Stuvvesant, on the east side, contains a church and about rio^i 
 *- ■' 300 inhabitants. A short distance above is Kinderhook ^ 
 Landing. The village of Kinderhook lies 5 uiilea east from tlie river. 
 
STATE OF NEW YORK. ' 53 
 
 and contains two churches, a bank, an academy, and about 1,400 in- 
 habitants. New Baltimore, on the west sliore, lias a church and 
 . -, about 300 inliabitants. Two miles above it Cokymans, con- r^^-^i 
 L -I taining two churclies and about 700 inhabitants. Four miles 
 farther, on tlie east side, is Castleton, with a ciiurch and about 350 in- 
 .„1 habitants. The Overslaugk has heretofore been an obstruction ^j^.^, 
 '-"'J to navigtit'on for some distance below Albany, but the chan- I- 
 nel has been straightened and deepened, at a great expense, by the United 
 States government, thus rendering it more navigable. 
 
 .i--^:^ 
 
 Albany, the capital of the state, is situated on the right bank of the 
 river, 145 miles from New York, 200 west by north from Boston, and 370 
 from Washington. Population 42,000. On the margin of the river is a 
 flat alluvial tract, from 15 to 100 yards wide, back of which the ground 
 rises abruptly, and in the course of a mile attains to the height of 220 
 feet, after which it becomes level. Originally the streets were not very 
 regularly laid out, and some of them are narrow. State-street has a steep 
 ascent, at the head of which is the Capitol, a tine edifice J 15 feet long 
 and 90 wide, with richly furnished apartments lor the accommodation of 
 the state legislature. In front of it is a handsome square, ornamented 
 with walks, trees, and shrubbery. To the north of this, separated only 
 by a street, is a corresponding square, on the east side of which is tlie 
 City Hall, a splendid marble editice ; and facing the same square is the 
 State Hall for the public ofBces. Tlie Albany Academy is a fine edifice. 
 The other public buildings are, a Medical College, a Female Academy, the 
 Exchange, thirty-two churches, three markets, a state arsenal, and eight 
 banks. The old State Hall, on the south side of Slate street, is fitted up 
 for the geological cabinet, collected in the geological survey of the state. 
 The JVejo York State Library occupies a large room in the Capitol, and 
 contains 10,000 volumes. The Albany Medical College, founded in 18.39, 
 has 8 professors and 104 students. It has a museum and library. The 
 lectures commence on the first Tuesday in October. The Albany 
 Academy has able instructors, and 400 students. The F'emale Academy 
 has about 350 pupils, and sustains a high reputation. The Young Men's 
 Association has a library of 3,200 volumes — Albany was founded by the 
 Dutch in 1623, then called Fort Orange, and was chartered as a city in l(i8(). 
 
 Twevt J/ or more steamboats, and 50 towboats, plybetioeen this city aniiJ^. 
 York, and other places on the river. Cars arrive and depart twice daily for 
 Boston and tAc intermediate places : twice daily for Saratoga Springs , [fare 
 $1 .62 ; ) and 3 times da ily for Buffalo, ( fare )i"l 2, ) JViagara Falls, and the in- 
 termediate places : {see pages 74 and 75. ) Stages leave daily for Pittsfield, 
 Mass. ; for Bennington, Vt. ; for Burlington, for Montreal, Can., via 
 Whitehall, Plattsburg, S,-c. ; and also Syracuse, via Cherry Valley. Twice a 
 week for Binghamton ; and also for Williamstown, Mass. 
 
 Troy, the capital of Rensselaer county, is pleasantly situated on the 
 Jeft bank of the Hudson, at the head of tide-water, 6 miles north of 
 Albany, and 151 north of New York. Population 21,709. It extends 
 about 3 miles along the river, with a breadth of li miles. It is bordered 
 
54 
 
 STATE OF NEW YORK. 
 
 on the E. by hilis of considerable elevation, from which descend two con- 
 siderable streams, which liave romantic cascade;! and afford extensive 
 water-power. The city is handsomely Jaid out, and its streets are wide 
 and well paved. I'he Court-house is a tine building, constructed of 
 marble, with a Grecian front of the Doric order. Here are the Troy Fe- 
 male Institute and the Rensselaer Institute, with several other schools of a 
 higli order; the Lyceum of Natural History, a Young Men's Association, 
 18 cliurche.s, 6 banks, and 11 academies. Cars leave daiiy for Saratoga 
 Springs, for Sdicnectadi/, and also for Boston- Stages leave daily for 
 Bennington, Vt. ; and for Whitehall, and a/so for Burlington, Vt. 
 
 Ballston Spa, 31 miles from Albany, is situated on a small branch of 
 Kayaderosseras creek, and contains a court-house, 4 churches, 1 bunk, and 
 about 1,500 inhabitants. The oldest and still most esteemed fountain is 
 known as the " Public Well,'''' on the flat west of the centre of the village. 
 There are several other springs of less note, possessing medicinal prop- 
 erlies of a similar character. Cars pass twice daily fromJilbany and 
 from Saratoga Springs. 
 
 Saratoga Springs, 38 miles north of Albany, is the most celebrated 
 
 watering place in 
 theUnited States. 
 It contains some 
 of the largest and 
 ■ mostsplendid ho- 
 tels and board- 
 ing-houses in the 
 . country, which 
 1^^ in the watering 
 season are iibun- 
 
 dantly filled bj the gay and fa>liiunable from all parts of the Union, West 
 Indies, &c. The village contains six churches, an academy, a female 
 seminary, and about 2,000 inhabitants. 
 
 The mineral waters are drawn from some 9 or more fountains or 
 springs, and vary considerably in their characteristics. The principal 
 springs are called the Congress, Iodine, Monroe, Putnam's, Hamilton, 
 High Rock, Columbian, Flat Rock, and Washington. The most promi- 
 nent effects of these waters, when taken into the stomach, are catliartic, 
 diuretic, and tonic. In all pulmonary affections arising from primary 
 diseases of the lungs, the waters are thought to be injurious, but they 
 liave proven highly efficacious in cutaneous diseases, scrofula, jaundicu, 
 bilious affections, chronic rheumatism, &c., &c. The objects, of amuse- 
 ment here are always sufficiently numerous for the gratification of the 
 transient visitor. The reading-rooms afford mental recreation ; while, if 
 other amusement be sought, it is afforded by the railroad carriages — cars 
 leaving several times a day on trips of pleasure — or by a short excursion 
 info the neighborhood, where sufficient beauty and novelty of scenery are 
 always presentpd to render it interesting. The amusements of the day 
 are usually crowned by a ball or promenade. 
 Saratoga J^ake, 4 miles southeast of the vil- 
 re, is much resorted to, by parties (jf plea.*?- 
 i;. It affords ample sport to the angler, and 
 ' its shores abound with game. The Sulphur 
 Spring at the head of the lake is exciting 
 much attention ; it? waters, which are remark- 
 ably clear, are moderately impregnated with sulpiiur 
 
STATE OV NEW YORK. 
 
 55 
 
 The plain of Saratoga was the scene of the surrender of tlie British 
 nriny under Gen. Burgoyne, Oct. 17, 1777. Benuis' Heights, Freeman's 
 Farm, and other places in tiie vicinity, connected with the battles which 
 preceded that event, are objects of interest. Cars arrive and depart 
 twice daily for Albany, and also for Troy. Stages leave daily for 
 Whitehall via Glenn's Falls, and three times a week fir Ticonderoga. 
 
 The village of Glenn's Falls, on the Hudson, is lf< miles nortli from 
 Saratoga Springs. It lias three churciies, two ^s i- ^-^3^^ --"■ 
 
 seminaries, and about 1,200 inhabitants. The fifeEws^afcT''^^^''^ 
 falls in the river are exceedingly beautiful. ^^^»?Tj^^^^!-^^^^ 
 Caidwell is delightfully situated at the head tif ^^^^^^^^^^^ "^ 
 Lake George, 62 miles north from Albany, ^^S '^J-* \^S^ ^ ») "^ 
 and contains a church and about two hundred ^^^; B'// ^^ i^ ""^ 
 iniiabitants. A steamboat plies on the lake i^Jj^G^S W*f,. ^ 
 
 3G miles to its outlet, near Fort Ticonderoga. '-^^^^^ftk W* " 
 
 Whitehall, seventy-two miles N. of Albany, is situated at tlie head 
 of Lake Champlain ; and contains 3 churches, 1 bank, and about 2.500 
 inhabitants. Steamboats leace daily {in the summer season) for JSIontreal 
 via St. John's. (See page 74.) Fort Ticonderoga, the ruins of which 
 fortress still e.\ist, was situated near Lake Champlain, at the outlet 
 of Lake George. The scenery in tliis region is varied and picturesque. 
 
 Lake George is justly celebrated for its wild, picturesyue, and varied 
 scenery ; its waters are remarkably transparent and pure. It^ shores 
 contain tlie remains 
 of Fort William Hen- 
 ry and Fort George, 5= 
 and others menu,- ^ 
 ble in the Frencii 
 Revolutionary w . 
 
 P L A T T S B U R r, H . r^! 
 
 Clintonco.,islGfimiless= _..„^,,-_jy-_^^^ _ *:;eiiK^i^Svs-' v-t 
 
 K. of Albany, and 5:i8 ^-_ ^^^^^-^-^^ - ^ ^gffi«^^u.4, .J 
 
 from Washington. Population 6,(H)U. The viilai:e is on both sides of 
 Saranac river, at its entrance into Cumberland bay, on the W. shore of 
 Lake Champlain, and contains a court-house, a bank, a lyceum, an 
 academy, and 4 churches, [t is celebrated for the battle in the last war 
 between tlie Americans and British, September llth, 1814, in which the 
 Americans under Gen. Macomb, on land, and Commodore Macdonough, 
 on the lake, were' victorious, after a hard-ioiight battle. Steaniboats (in 
 the sianmer) arrive and deport daily for (Vhitehnll via Burlington, 
 Ticonderoga, Sfc. ; and also for MontreaJ via St. Johv''s. Stages (in the 
 winter season) pa^ss through daily from Montreal and from Albany. 
 Stages leave three times a week for Ogdcnsburg via Fort Cvv- 
 ington. 
 
 Schenectady, 16 miles NW. from Albany, on the south bank of 
 Mohawk river, contains a court-house, a market, a female academy, a 
 lyceum, two banks, 9 churches, and t),555 inhahi'ants. It is the seat of 
 Union College, founded in 171)5, which has a president. 10 professors or 
 other instructors, 2,125 alumni, 242 students, and l.'i,000 volumes in its 
 libraries. The connriencement is on the fourth Wednesday in July. Its 
 buildings are commodious, and attached to them are 2.50 acres of land, 
 handsomely laid out. The reputation of this college is deservedly high. 
 Oirs -pass through daily for Buffalo and the intermediate places, and alto 
 for Albany, and twice daily for Saratoga Spring.9, 
 
56 STATE OF NEW YORK. 
 
 Sharon Sulphur Springs are 12 miles from the depot at Palatine Bridge, 
 (see route ]30,) from which stages Jeave daily in the summer season. 
 These waters are higiiiy efficacious in rheumatic, cutaneous, and dyspeptic 
 complaints. There are in the vicinity several caves, and Otsego JLake 
 furnishes abundant sport for the angler. 
 
 Little Falls, situated on both sides of Mohawk river, 7.3 miles from 
 Albany, contains five churches, a bank, and about 2,500 inhabitants. 
 There is a fall of 42 feet in the river, affording an immense hydraulic 
 power. A line of stages leaves dailu for Trenton Falls. 
 
 Trenton Falls are 18 miles 
 HEi. from Utica, on West Canada 
 creek. The waters fall 312 feet, 
 by a succession of cascades, in 
 the course of two miles, and the 
 scenery is the most wild and pic- 
 raresque imaginable. The chasm, 
 ; for the whole distance, is broken 
 through limestone rock, and the 
 
 pathway is mostly along the margin 
 
 of tiif rushing v\aters, upon a ledge or slielf so narrow and perilous, that 
 the visitor will find ditficuhy in sustaining himself. 
 
 Herkimer, pleasantly situated on Mohawk river, contains a court- 
 house, an academy, a bank, two churches, and about 800 inhabitants. 
 
 Utica is 94 miles from Albiiny, 202 from Buffalo, and 237 from New 
 York. The city is beautifully situtited on the south side of Mohawk river, 
 on an inclined plain rising from the river, so as to command from its eleva- 
 ted parts some fine prospects. It contains a court-house, 18 churches, an 
 exchange building, two academies, the Utica Library, a Mechanics' As- 
 sociation, an Apprentices' Library, two Orphan Asylums, 4 banks, and 
 12,200 inhabitants. The State Lunatic Asylum, a mile west of the city, is 
 a fine building, with a farm of ItiO acres attached to it. The city occupies 
 the site of old Fort Schuyler, and is now one of the finest in Western New 
 York, though in 1794 there were only 3 or 4 dwellings on the spot. It 
 dates its great prosperity from the completion of the Erie canal. Cars 
 pass through 3 times daily from Buffalo, and frcmi Albany. Singes ar- 
 rive and depart daily for Sacketts Harbor, via Trenton, Watcrtuwn, 
 <$-c. ,• and for Binghamton ; three times a week for Ithaca and for 
 Cooperstown. 
 
 Rome, situated on the Mohawk river, 108 miles from Albany, oc- 
 cupies the site of Fort Stanwix, built in 1758, and which was rebuilt 
 during the war of the Revolution and called Fort Schuyler. The village 
 contains a court-house, tj churches, a bank, a female academy, a United 
 States arsenal, and about 2,500 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times a week 
 for Oswego ; and for Sacketts Harbor. 
 
 Syracuse, situated li miles south from Onondaga lake, and 147 miles 
 from Albany, contnins a court-house, an academy, two banks, 8 churches, 
 and 7,500 inhabitants. Great quantities of salt are manufactured in the 
 village and vicinity. Cars arrive from, and depart daily for Athnnii and for 
 Buffalo. Stages leave daily for Ogdensburg, for Oswego, and for Jthnca. 
 Auburn, 173 miles W. from Albany, is a flourishing village, siluiited on 
 the outlet of Owasco lake. It contains a court-house, two banks, 3 
 academies, a female seminary, 7 churches, and 5,fi00 inhabitants. I'iie 
 .\uburn Theological Seminary, founded in 1821, is under the direction of the 
 Presbyterians, and has 4 professors, 71 students, and 5,000 volumes in its 
 
STATE OF NEW YORK. 57 
 
 libraries. The Stnte Prison is regarded as a model for sucli institutions. 
 The building tbrnis tliree sides of a square, the front of wiiicli is iiTG feet 
 and the wings "242. Tlie prisoners labor together in silence, and when 
 not laboring are confined in solitary cells. Cars arrive from, and depart 
 daily fur Albany and fur Buffalo. Stages leave fur Ithaca daily, and for 
 Oswego three times a iceelc. 
 
 Sknkca Falls, 15 miles from Auburn, is situated on both sides of the 
 outlet of Seneca lake, which has here a fall of 47 feet. Tlie village con- 
 tains 5 churches, several manufactories, and about 3,0U0 inhabitants. 
 
 Waterloo, on Seneca outlet, has a court-house, 4 churches, 1 bank, 
 an academy, and about 2,500 inhabitants. 
 
 Geneva, 199 mileb fruni Albany, is beautifully situated at the north 
 end of Seneca lake. 
 The principal street j^^^ ^ 
 runs parallel witii the 
 hike shore, at an ele- ||M-jrjFfeu:p^a^;;p:^ 
 vation of 120 foet.SsI " '^' fl -'^'-i'' ■"■<- " 
 Most of the houses "~ 
 on the south side oi ^_,. 
 this street have tev-=3 
 raced gardens extendnig tlown to the stiore. It coiitams lune churclies, 
 two banks, a seminary, and about 3,600 inhabitants. Geneva College, 
 founded in 1823, is under the direction of the Episcopalians. It has a 
 president, 5 professors, 70 students, 10,000 volumes in its libraries, a 
 cabinet of minerals, and ample philosophical and chemical apparatus. 
 Geneva Medical College was founded in 1834, and has since been liberally 
 endowed by t!ie state for the erection of buildings, &c. It has a dean, 
 register, 6 professors, and 175 students. Cars arrive from, and depart 
 daily fur Albany and for Buffalo. Stashes leave daily fur Ithaca, for 
 Osicego, and for IVilliamsport via Cuming, Blossburg, i^c. 
 
 Clifton Spritigs, 12 miles from Geneva, are becoming somewhat cele- 
 brated for tlieir medicinal properties. They are sulphur springs. 
 
 Canandaigua, 222 miles from Albany, is one of the most beautiful 
 villages in Western iS'ew York, situated on a plain at the north end of 
 Canandaigua lake, at its outlet. The ground descends gently towards the 
 lake, presenting a fine view of it from the village. It contains a court- 
 housa, jail, and county offices, a town-hall, 5 churches, two banks, an 
 academy of a high order, a female seminary, and about 2,500 inhabitants. 
 It is surrounded by a rich agricultural country. Stages leave daily fur 
 Erie, via Genesco, FJlicottsville, and Jamestown. 
 
 Avon Springs, situated near the Genesee river, 20 miles south from 
 Rochester, have become a place of much resort. The village contains 3 
 churches, an academy, several extensive hotels, and about 600 inhabitants. 
 The two most noted springs are about 80 rods apart, and are a short dis- 
 tance southwest of the village. The waters have been found efficacious 
 in disordered digestion, rhcHimatism, gout, and cutaneous aflections. 
 Stages arrive frum, and depart daily fur Rochester. 
 
 Rochester, situated on both sides of the Genesee river, 25' miles 
 from Albany, was incorporated as a village in 1817 and a city in 1834. 
 Population 25,500. It is handsomely built, and to many of the dwellings 
 are attached gardens ornamented with shrubbery. The city contains u 
 court-house, two markets, 7 banks, twenty-two churche.s, a museum, a 
 Collegiate Listitute, two seminaries, two orphan asylums, ar. arcade, 
 a Mechanics' Literary Association, an atlreneum, and many extensive 
 3* 
 
58 
 
 STATE OF NEW YORK. 
 
 flouring mills and manufnctorifK- The Gi"ncspe Fa!h l>ave an entire 
 
 descent of 268 iopt, 
 
 composed of 3 pi r 
 
 peridicular fall>, 
 
 105, 96, and 20 fett. 
 
 besides rapids , tlit 
 
 best views of tlit^t 
 
 falls are obtained trotn 
 
 the east side ot tin 
 
 river. The Erie ta 
 
 nul crosses the u\i r 
 
 here by a massive stone iiqueduct T'il Mount Hope Cenitltiy, nair 
 
 the city, has been laid out in walks, and enil)ellished with sculptured 
 
 tombs, tiees, shrubbery, &;c. Cars arrive from, and depart dailij for 
 
 JiLhajiy and for Bnffalo. Stages leave daily for j\"iagara Falls via 
 
 iMckport ; and to Corning, via Geneseo, and iJarisville ; 3 times a week 
 
 for Oswego ; also to Olean, via Mt. Morris, and .Angelica. 
 
 Batavia, 32 miles from Rochester, is prettily situated on a plain through 
 which flows the Tonawanda creek ; it has a court-house, 4 churches, two 
 sanks, a land office, a seminary, and 2,000 inhabitants. 
 
 Buffalo is situated at the NE. end of Lake Erie, 325 miles west from 
 Albany, lil5 from Cleveland, and 327 from Detroit. Population 30,000, 
 Its situation as a place of business is very commanding, being at the 
 western extremity of the Erie canal, and at the eastern termination of the 
 navigation of the great lakes — Erie, Huron, and Michigan. The ground 
 on which the city is built rises gradually to a considerable elevation, from 
 which is a commanding view of the lake, Niagara river, the Canadian 
 shore, &c. The streets are regularly laid out, and are wide and well- 
 regulated. The public buildings and institutions are, a court-house, two 
 markets, 17 churches, 4 banks, a theatre, an orphan asylum, and several 
 large hotels. The Young Men's Association has a reiiding-room and a 
 library of 3,000 volumes. A mole or pier of stone, 1,500 feet long, has 
 been constructed at the mouth of Buffalo creek, whicli, by confining the 
 channel, has so far removed the bar that vessels requiring 8 feet of water 
 freely enter. At the end of the pier is a stone light-house twenty feet in 
 diameter, and 46 feet high. The harbor is well protected, and so spacious 
 that several hundred vessels can be accommodated in it. Buflalo was 
 originally laid out by the Holland Land Company, in 1801. In December, 
 1813, it was burnt by the British and Indians. It was incorporated as a 
 city in 183-2. Cars leave Buffalo twice daily for .Albany {fare $12) and 
 Uie intermediate places; for JViagara Falls twice daily, {fare 75 cts.) 
 Steamboats leave Buffalo almost daily for F.ric, Pa., {fare $3 ;) Cleve- 
 land, Ohio, {fare $5;) Sandusky, {fare $5.50;) Detroit. Mich., {fare 
 ^t\;) Mackinac, (fare 10;) Milwaukee and Chicago, {fare $12:) for 
 Port Stanley, Can. ; also for Qiteenston, Can., via Chipjicica. Stages 
 leave Bnffalo daily for Erie, Pa. ; three times a week far Olean, for 
 Geneseo, and for Batavia. 
 
 LocKPORT is on the Erie canal, 58 miles from Rochester ; tiie wafers 
 of the canal here descend 60 feet by 5 locks of 12 feet each. Tho 
 surplus wafer of the canal creates an immense hydraulic power, and 
 is extensively u.sed Lockport contains a court-house, twelve churches, a 
 lyceiim, two academies, and about 6,500 inhabitants. Cars arrive from, 
 and depart twice daily for JViagara Falls, and for Lcwistown. Stages 
 leave daily for Hoc/tester. 
 
STATE OF NEW YORK. 
 
 59 
 
 lnFr\iisof \iAOAR*. in Tbout 21 
 milis front Liki Vm, and ]4 miles from 
 1 tke Onnrio, ind are rf girded as one of 
 ,llio ^'reate»t natural curiosities in the world. 
 'The .Viaffara strait or river at its efflux 
 tiom liake Erie, is tliree-quarters of a mile 
 \Mde, from 40 to 60 feet deep, and flows 
 \Mth a current of 7 miles an hour. As it 
 proceeds, the river widens, and embosoms 
 Grand and Navy Islands, which terminate 
 in beautitul pouitb a niilu and a half above the falls. Below the islands 
 are rapids, which extend a mile to the precipice, in which space the river 
 descends 57 feet. At the precipice it is three-quarters of a mile wide. 
 Here Goat Island divides the waters into two channels ; and the channel 
 between Goat Island and tlie eastern shore is also divided by a small 
 island. Over the precipice the river falls perpendicularly about 160 feet. 
 The greater part of the water passes in the channel between G(jat Island 
 and the Canada shore, and this fall is called from its shape the Horse-shoe 
 fall Between Goat Island and Bath Island in the eastern channel, the 
 stream is only about ten yards wide, forming a beautiful cascade. Between 
 Bath Island and the shore, the sheet of water is broad, and the descent 
 several feet greater than at the Horse shoe fall, but the stream is com- 
 paratively shallow. The best single view of the falls is from Table 
 Rock, on the Canada shore, and the best view of the rapids is from 
 Goat Island, which is ingeniously connected by a bridge with the shore. 
 While curiosity constitutes an attribute of the human character, these 
 falls will be frequented by admiring and delighted visitors, as one of the 
 grandest exhibitions in nature. Well has an American poetess said of this 
 magnificent cataract — 
 
 " Flow on forever, in thy glorious robe 
 Of terror and of beauty. God hath set 
 His rainbow on thy forehead ; and the cloud 
 Mantled around thy feet. And ho doth give 
 Thy voice of timnder, power to speak of Him 
 Eternally— bidding tiie lip of man 
 Keep silence — and upon tliino altar pour 
 Incense of awe-struck praise." 
 
 About two miles below the falls on the American side, is the Bellvue 
 fountain ; its waters contain sulphuric and muriatic acids, lime, and 
 magnesia, and are useful in scrofulous, rheumatic, and cutaneous com- 
 plaints. One mile further is the Whirlpool, almost as famous as the 
 Maelstrom of Norway. Apart from the falls, the region of the Niagara 
 strait is one of deep interest, from historical reminiscences, its many objects 
 of curiosity, its picturesque scenery, &c 
 
60 STATE OF NEW YORK. 
 
 OsWEQO is situated on both sides of tiie Oswego river, at its entrance 
 into Lalie Ontario, 185 miles tiom Albany. It lias a good liarbor protected 
 by two stone piers, and contains a custDm-hoiise, n courthouse, a bank, 
 7 churclies, an academy, a seminary, and 4,500 inhabitants. Stages leave 
 daili/ far Syracuse, and -i times a week for Sacketts Harbor, TVatcrtuwn, 
 and Ogdensburg ; for Utica via Kurne ; fur ^^ubiirn ; and also for Roches- 
 ter. Steamboats leave daily for Kingston, Sacketts Harbor, and Ogdens- 
 burg, and for I^ewistonvia Rochester. 
 
 Sacketts Harbor, 50 miles from Oswego, on the south side of Block 
 Water bay, is one of the best ports on Lake Ontario. The village con- 
 tains three churches, a United States Navy Yard, the Madison barracks, 
 and about 2,000 inhabitants. 
 
 Ogdensburg, situated on the right bank of St. Lawrence river, 210 
 miles from Albany, contains 5 churches, two banks, and 3,.500 inhabitants. 
 Stages leave daiht for Utica, and for Plattsburg ; steamboats for Oswego, 
 Rochester, and Lewiston, and for Montreal, Can. 
 
 Clinton, 9 miles from Utica, situated on Oriskany creek, contains the < 
 building of Hamilton College, 4 churches, two academies, two semi- j 
 naries, and about 1,000 inhabitants. Hamilton College, founded in 1812, ! 
 has a president, 8 professors, 487 alumni, 126 students, and 7,000 volumes ■ 
 in its libraries. The commencement is on the fourth Wednesday in 1 
 August. j 
 
 CoopERSTOwN is situated on a plain at the outlet of Otsego lake. The I 
 village is handsomely laid out, and contnins a court-house, 5 churches, a 
 bank, an academy, and about 1,500 inhabitants The lake, 9 miles long, I 
 is a beautiful sheet of water, and affords first-rate sport for the angler. J 
 Stages leave daily for .Albany, and for Syracuse, and 3 times a week fur | 
 Utica, and also for Bivghamton. j 
 
 Ithaca is prettily situated IJ miles from the head of Cayuga lake. It ' 
 is surrounded on three sides by an amphitheatre of hills, which rise by a i 
 gentle ascent to the height of 500 feet ; and a p;irt of the village lies on a ! 
 hill, commanding an extensive view of Cayuga lake and the surrounding | 
 country. It contains a court-house, 6 cliurches, 3 banks, a lyceum, an i 
 academy, and about 5,000 inhabitants. Cars leave daily for Owcgo, con- \ 
 necting loith stages on the line of the Erie railroad. Steamboats leave 
 daily {in summer) for Jiiiburn. Stages leave daily for Catskill, and for 
 Geneva ; three times a toeck for Albany, for Utica, for Syracuse, for 1 
 Auburn, for Rochester via Bath, andfor.Jamesport. 
 
 BiNGHAMTON IS situated at the junction of Chenango and Susquehanna j 
 rivers, 133 miles from Albany. It contains a court-house, an academy, 9 
 churches, several extensive manufiicturing establishments, and about 
 3,000 inhabitants. Stages leave daily (connecting with the J^Tew York ■ 
 and Erie railroad) for J\rew York, and also for Jthnca; 3 times a week 
 for Albany : for Utica ; and for Philadelphia via Wilkesbarre, Easfon, <S'C. i 
 
 Pknn Yan is situated at the outlet of Crooked lake, 192 miles from ; 
 Albany, and contains a court-house, a bank, an academy, several manu- i 
 facturing establishments, and about 2,000 inhabitants. 
 
 Elmira, situated on the left bank of Chemung river, 195 miles from | 
 Albany, contains a court-house, 4 churches, and about 1,000 inhabitants. 
 Stages puss through it daily on the line of the New York and Erie railroad, I 
 and also leave three times a week for Williamsport, Pa. It has a com- , 
 munication with the Blossburg coal-mines by canal and railroad. j 
 
RAILROAD, STAGE, AND STEAMBOAT ROUTES, 
 
 THROUGH THE 
 
 UiNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 
 
 (1) From Boston to 
 Eastport, Me. 
 
 Via JVewburj/port, 
 Portsmnutk, Portland, 
 Brunswick, ELlswortli, 
 and Mac/lias. 
 
 Eastern Railroad. 
 
 To Lynn 
 
 Salem* 
 
 Beverly 
 
 Wenham 
 
 Ipswicn 
 
 Rowley 
 
 Newburyport . 
 Salisbury, N. H.. 
 
 Beabrook 
 
 Hampton Falls .. 
 
 Hampton 
 
 Greenland 
 
 Portsmouth ... 
 Portsmouth, iSaco 
 
 West Prospect . 
 
 Prospect 
 
 Bucksport 
 
 Orland 
 
 Ellsworth... 
 
 N. Hancock 
 
 Franklin 
 
 Narraguagus... 
 
 Harrington 
 
 E. Harrington.. 
 
 Iti :Co!uinl)ia 
 
 20 jJonesboro' 
 
 2) jMachias 
 
 29 I E. Machias 
 
 34 jDennysville 
 
 3'o Pembroke 
 
 Portland. Railroad. 
 
 40 
 42 1 
 44 
 49 
 . 54 1 
 and'. 
 
 Berwick, Me. 
 North Berwick.. 
 
 Wells 
 
 Kennebunk 
 
 Saco 10! 92 
 
 Scarboro' ' 8 lUO 
 
 Portland i 5 IOj 
 
 Stage. 
 
 Falmouth 
 
 Cumberland 
 
 North Yarmouth. 
 
 Freeport 
 
 Brunswick 
 
 Bath 
 
 Woolwich 
 
 WiSCASSET 
 
 Sheepscot Bridge. 
 DamariscottaMill 
 
 Ntjblesboro' 
 
 Waldoboro' 
 
 Warren 
 
 Thomaston 
 
 E. Thomaston . . 
 
 Camden 
 
 liincolnville 
 
 North port 
 
 E. Northport 
 
 Belfast 
 
 6 2171 
 (J 223 
 
 5 228: 
 
 3 231 
 14 245 
 
 6 251 
 6 257 
 
 23 280 
 
 4 284 
 4,28S 
 4,292 
 71299 
 8 307 
 6313 
 
 17330 
 6336 
 121348 
 
 A Branch Railroad ex- 
 tends iVoni Salem to Mar- 
 bleliead, a distance of 4 
 les. 
 
 (2) From Boston to 
 
 Calais, Me. 
 
 To Pembroke— 
 
 (see No. 1) .... 
 
 Robbinstown..., 
 
 Calais 
 
 Eastport . 
 
 no 
 
 113 
 115 
 121 1 
 130 
 137 
 140 
 148 
 1.j3 
 158 
 IHO 
 166 
 173 
 179 
 
 \m 
 
 192 
 
 71199 
 5l2()4 
 4' 208 
 o21l 
 
 Atkinson 
 
 Plaistow 
 
 Newtown 
 
 East Kingston.. 
 
 Exeter 
 
 S. Newmarket . 
 
 Newmarket 
 
 I)urliam 
 
 MadbiM-y 
 
 Hover 
 
 Somers worth*. . 
 
 South Berwick. 
 
 To Portland, (as 
 in No. 1, by the 
 Portsmouth, Sa- 
 co, and Portland 
 Railroad) 
 
 4' 36 
 1 37 
 
 3 40 
 
 4 44 
 
 5 49 
 53 
 56 
 61 
 
 63 
 66 
 
 391110 
 
 (3) From Boston to 
 Portland, 
 
 Via Jindover, Haver- 
 hill, Exeter, JV. H., 
 and Dover. 
 
 Boston ^- Maiiie Rail- 
 road. 
 To Charlestown.. 
 
 Somerville 
 
 Maiden 
 
 North Miilden.... 
 South Reading ... 
 
 leading 
 
 Wilmingtcm 
 
 Ballardsville 
 
 Andover 
 
 North Andover. . . 
 
 Bradford 
 
 Haverhill 
 
 * From Somerswo 
 Branch Road exte 
 miles, to the manul 
 ing village of Great I 
 
 (4) From Portla 
 
 HOULTON, 
 
 Via Brunswick, 
 
 gusta, and Ban 
 
 To Brunswick, 
 
 (see No. 1) 
 
 Topsham 
 
 Bowdoinham 
 
 Richm'nd Corners 
 (irardiner . . . . 
 
 rth 
 
 ids 
 ict 
 "-al 
 
 NI 
 
 J 
 
 ?o 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 6 
 9 
 4 
 2 
 6 
 5 
 4 
 6 
 5 
 8 
 5 
 4 
 8 
 11 
 6 
 3 
 4 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 ur- 
 s. 
 
 )tO 
 
 iu. 
 
 34 
 40 
 
 49 
 
 Hallowell 
 
 Augusta 
 
 Brown's Corners . 
 
 Vassal boro' 
 
 East Vassalboro'. 
 China 
 
 53 
 55 
 61 
 
 66 
 
 
 81 
 
 Unity 
 
 89 
 
 Troy 
 
 94 
 
 
 98 
 
 Newbury 
 
 Hnmpden 
 
 m 
 
 North Bangor.... 
 
 
 W. Great Works. 
 
 (Jld Town 
 
 Miltord 
 
 ji 
 
62 
 
 ROUTES IN MAINE. 
 
 8nnkhaze 
 
 Greenbush 
 
 3 
 6 
 
 7 
 2 
 4 
 7 
 6 
 2 
 3 
 8 
 10 
 in 
 20 
 
 140 
 146 
 153 
 155 
 159 
 166 
 172 
 174 
 177 
 18o 
 195 
 214 
 
 Passadumkeag... 
 
 West Enfield 
 
 South Lincoln.... 
 Lincoln . . 
 
 Lincoln Centre... 
 North Lincoln ... 
 Mattawamkeag.. 
 
 Mo'uncas 
 
 Haynesvllle 
 
 Ijinneus . . 
 
 HOULTON 
 
 61240 
 
 (5) From Belfast TO 
 Bangor. 
 
 To Ssvanville— 
 
 (see No. 1) 
 
 Frankfort Mills... 
 
 Frankfort 
 
 Hampden 
 
 Bangor 
 
 12 
 2 
 
 7 
 6 
 
 i 
 
 28 
 34 
 
 (6) From Bangor to 
 
 Castine. 
 
 To Brewer 
 
 Brewer Village... 
 
 Urrington 
 
 South Orrington . 
 North Bucksport. 
 Bucksport 
 
 2 
 4 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 3 
 11 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 7 
 
 10 
 14 
 19 
 22 
 33 
 3k 
 
 North Castine.... 
 Castine . 
 
 (7) From Bangor to 
 Ellsworth. 
 
 To Brewer 
 
 East Brewer 
 
 North Ellsworth . 
 
 Ellsworth .- 
 
 From Ellsworth to 
 Eastp't, see No. 
 
 6 
 11 
 
 03 
 
 1 
 7 
 
 16 
 27 
 
 130 
 
 (8) From Bangor to 
 Skovvhegan. 
 
 To Hermon 
 
 Carmel . . 
 
 5 
 
 i 
 
 7 
 9 
 
 9 
 14 
 
 18 
 25 
 30 
 36 
 43 
 52 
 
 Ktna 
 
 
 Palmyra 
 
 Pittsfield 
 
 
 Skovvhegan 
 
 (9) From Bangor to 
 Moose Head Lake, 
 
 Via Dover. 
 
 To Levant 
 
 East Corinth 
 
 W. Charleston . . . 
 Dover 
 
 8 
 5 
 11 
 
 9 
 
 12 
 
 20 
 25 
 36 
 45 
 
 Bangerville 
 
 Guilford 
 
 Abbot 
 
 Monson 
 
 Shirley 
 
 Greenville, at the 
 Lake 
 
 2 47!IStrong Ill 48 
 
 4 51 Avon 3 51 
 
 7 58; Phillips 6i 37; 
 
 7 65 
 
 I (15) From Augusta 
 72j TO Fryeburg, 
 
 (10) From Bangor to ^*« ^«"-^ ««'^ JVatxr- j 
 Brownsville. jora. 
 
 East Corinth . 
 Charleston ... 
 
 Atkinson 
 
 Sebec 
 
 Williamsburg 
 
 To Winthrop 
 
 el 26|' Wayne 
 
 gl 34' North 1 urner 
 
 7| 4i!!Bucksfield 
 
 el 47' Paris 
 
 Brownsville. '.;i 2, 49; ^'V"^'"/",- 
 V\ uterford 
 
 (11) From Augusta Sweden 
 
 to Thomaston 
 
 Windsor 
 
 South Windsor... 
 
 W. Jefferson 
 
 Jefferson 
 
 Waldoboro' 
 
 Warren 
 
 Thomaston 
 
 Lovel 
 Fryeburg. 
 
 5 
 
 15 
 
 (1 
 
 ',>5 
 
 7 
 
 32 
 
 
 39 
 
 5 
 
 44 
 
 9 
 
 sa 
 
 ^■\ 
 
 hVI 
 
 4 
 
 m 
 
 9i 72 
 
 (12) From Augusta 
 
 TO Belfast. 
 ToS.Vassalboro'. 
 
 South China 
 
 Palermo 
 
 North Palermo . . . 
 
 Montville 
 
 North Searsmont. 
 
 Belmont 
 
 Belfast 
 
 13 IS 
 
 22 
 29 
 
 (13) From Augusta To Gray 
 
 TO Quebec. 
 
 To Sidney 
 
 Waterville 
 
 Fairfield 
 
 Bloomfield 
 
 Skowhegan 
 
 NoRRIDQEWOCK. 
 
 Madison 
 
 Anson 
 
 Embden 
 
 Solon 
 
 Bingham 
 
 Moscow 
 
 Currituck 
 
 The Forks 
 
 Jackrnan's 
 
 Moose River 
 
 Monument 
 
 UUEBEC 
 
 10 
 
 }oi (16) From Portland 
 ill TO Augusta, | 
 
 31!' Via Gray S,- Winthrop, \ 
 ^?: To StevensTlains 
 
 Gray 
 
 New Gloucester.. 
 
 Auburn 
 
 Lewiston 
 
 Greene 
 
 Monmouth 
 
 Winthrop 
 
 231, Hallowellx Roads 
 
 28|; Augusta 
 
 31 j 
 
 40j(l7) From Portland 
 
 *^ I TO Paris. 
 
 16 
 2a. 
 
 W. Gloucester .. 
 
 „! Poland i 6 
 
 9;Oxford 
 
 Norway 
 
 IPaRis 
 
 (14) From Augusta 
 TO Phillips. 
 
 ToReadfield 12 
 
 Mt. Vernon 5 1' 
 
 Vienna 
 
 Farniington Fa 
 Farmington . . . 
 
 1(18) From Portland 
 I to Lancaster, N.H. 
 
 I To Norway 
 
 I Greenwood 
 
 Bethel 
 
 Gilead 
 
 Shelburn, N.H. 
 
 Randolph 
 
 Kilkenny 
 
 Jefferson 
 
 Lancaster — 
 
 (19) From Portland 
 TO Waterford. 
 
 iSoutli Windham 
 Windham 
 
 [North Windham 
 
 Raymond 
 
 Naples 
 
 [Bridgeton 
 
 I Waterford ... 
 
 10 
 
 4 14 
 3 17 
 
 5 22 
 8! 30 
 8 38 
 
 10; 48 
 
ROUTES IN NEW HAMPSHIRE. 
 
 63 
 
 (20) From Portland 
 
 TO CONWA.Y, N. H. i 
 To Sacnrappa— 
 see No. 1)... 
 
 (23) F'm Portsmouth. 
 N. H., TO Concord. 
 
 Gorhiun . 
 
 iSfiiiwiish 
 
 Biildwiii 
 
 Hinim 
 
 Krovviitield 
 
 Fryebiirg 
 
 (JONVVAY 
 
 10 
 
 17 
 
 25 
 
 91 U 
 61 40 
 
 81 5«, 
 
 To Durham 
 
 iNotlinghariiTurn- 
 
 pike 
 
 lEiist Northwood . 
 , West North wood. 
 
 Epsom 
 
 Chicliester 
 
 (JONCORD 
 
 (21) From Portland 
 
 TO Boston, 
 T^'ia Portsmouth, J^'ew- 
 bart/port, and Salem. ■ 
 
 Portsmouth, Saco, and 
 Portland Railroad. \ 
 
 [17 
 
 3 26 
 3^129^ 
 3^:33 
 d 39 
 
 4 43 
 8 151 
 
 (24) From Exeter to 
 Portsmouth, i 
 
 14 
 
 (28) From Concord 
 
 to Conway. 
 To Shaker Village 
 Upper Gilmanton 
 
 Guilford 
 
 Meredith Village. 
 Centre Harbor 
 
 Moulloiiboro' 
 
 Suiulwich 
 
 S Turn worth 
 
 Tail) worth 
 
 Eat,,n 
 
 Conway 
 
 To Stratliam . . 
 
 GreenJainl 
 
 Portsmouth. 
 
 '(25) From Exeter to 
 I Newburyport. 
 
 To Scarboro' 
 
 Saco 
 
 Kennebunk 
 
 Wells 
 
 North Berw-ick... 
 South Berwick... 
 Portsmouth — 
 
 1 5 
 81 13 
 10| 23 
 
 To Kensington.. 
 
 Aniesliury 
 
 Salisbury 
 
 Bellevilleport ... 
 Newburyport. 
 
 ti 39 
 12l 5L 
 
 Eastern Railroad. 
 
 (26) From Exeter to 
 Concord. 
 
 Greenland 
 
 Hampton 
 
 Hampton Falls... 
 
 Seabrook 
 
 Salisbury 
 
 Newburyport.. 
 
 Rowley 
 
 Ipswich 
 
 Wenham 
 
 Beverly 
 
 Salem 
 
 Lynn 
 
 Boston 
 
 'ToEppmg 
 
 North Raymond.. 
 South Deertield... 
 VVest Deerfield . . . 
 
 Allenstown 
 
 Pembroke 
 
 Concord 
 
 (29) From Concord 
 
 to Haverhill. 
 Canterbury. 
 Nortbtield .. 
 Sanbornt'n Bridge ! 
 
 Sanbornton 
 
 New Hampton ... 
 
 Holderness 
 
 Plymouth 
 
 Ruuniey 
 
 West Rumney . . . 
 
 Wentworth 
 
 Warren 
 
 Haverhill. 
 
 15 
 
 17 
 
 4 21 
 
 8 29 
 
 9 38 
 43 
 
 Hi 
 
 (22) From Boston TO 
 Littleton, N. H. I 
 
 Via Dover, Conway, 
 and the H'hite Moun- 
 tains. 
 
 To Dover— I I 
 
 (see JSo. 3) I I 66 
 
 Rochester 10 76 
 
 Milton 10 So 
 
 Union ' 6 92 
 
 WakeHeld ! 5 97 
 
 (27) From Boston to 
 
 Concord, N. H. 
 Via Lowell <S* JVashua. 
 
 Boston <$- Lowell Rail- 
 road. 
 To Medford .... 
 South Woburn. 
 
 VVoburn 
 
 Wilmington 
 
 Billerica 
 
 Billerica Mills.. 
 
 ' 5 
 
 2174 
 2UU 
 
 j5 |15 
 
 4 19 
 .2J2U 
 
 Ossipee. 
 
 Centre Ossipee ... 
 
 West Ossipee — 
 
 Eaton 
 
 Conway 
 
 North Conway... 
 Lower Bartlett . . , 
 
 Bartlett 
 
 The J\l'otch 
 
 Bethlehem 
 
 Littleton 
 
 1010 
 5112 
 6 118 
 9127 
 6133 
 3136 
 3139 
 6145 
 21166 
 13179 
 5,181 
 
 Lowell I4i 
 
 I JSl'ashiia Railroad. 
 'To Middlesex 
 (^helmsford... 
 Tyngsboro'... 
 
 Little's 
 
 Nashua 
 
 2 30 
 4' 34 
 
 3 37 
 
 4 41 
 
 Concord Railroad. 
 
 Thornton's Ferry 
 
 Reed's Ferry 
 
 Gotl"'s Falls 1 4 
 
 Manchester 
 
 Martin's Ferry ... 
 
 Hooksett 
 
 [Robertson's Ferry 
 , Concord 
 
 (30) From Boston to 
 
 Burlington, 
 Via Concord, Hanover, 
 
 and Montpelier. 
 To Concord — 
 (see No. 27). 
 
 Boscawen 
 
 Salisbury 
 
 Andover 
 
 Wilmot 
 
 Springfield 
 
 Enfield 
 
 Lebanon 
 
 Hanover 
 
 Norwich 
 
 Stafford 
 
 Chelsea 
 
 Washington .. 
 
 Barre 
 
 Montpelier . 
 
 Middlesex 
 
 VA'aterbury 
 
 Bolton 
 
 Kirhmond 
 
 WilLston 
 
 Burlington . 
 
 (31) From Concord 
 
 to Guildhall, 
 
 Via Plymoutk and Lit 
 
 tleton. 
 
 To Plymouth— 
 
 (see No. 29) .... 
 
 West Thornton ., 
 
 W^oodstijck 
 
 Frauconia 
 
64 
 
 ROUTES IN VERMONT. 
 
 Littleton. 
 PiiiKreeville . 
 
 Dalton 
 
 Luncaster . . . 
 
 tlUlLDHALL 
 
 81 85 
 6 91 
 
 7105 
 61111 
 
 (32) From Concord 
 
 TO Keene. 
 To Hopkinton ... 
 
 Henniker 
 
 Hillsboro' Bridge. 
 
 Hillsboro' 
 
 South Stoddard .. 
 
 Nelson 
 
 Keene 
 
 (33) From Nashua. TO 
 
 MONTPELIER, Vt. 
 
 Via Windsor and Roy- 
 altun. 
 
 To Amherst 
 
 Mt. Vernon 
 
 Francestown 
 
 West Deering 
 
 Hillsboro' 
 
 Washington 
 
 Lempster 
 
 Unity 
 
 Claremoiit 
 
 West Claremont. . 
 
 Cornish 
 
 Windsor, Vt — 
 
 Woodstock 
 
 Barnard 
 
 ROYALTON 
 
 Randolph 
 
 Brooklield 
 
 Willuimstown 
 
 Berlin 
 
 MONTPELIKR 
 
 (34) From Nashua TO 
 Charlestown. 
 
 ToMillbrd 
 
 South Lyndboro'. 
 
 Greentield 
 
 Hancock 
 
 Stoddiud 
 
 South Marlboro'.. 
 
 Alstead 
 
 Langdon 
 
 Charlestown.. 
 
 (35) From Nashua to 
 Brattle BORo', Vt 
 
 Via Keene. 
 
 ToMilford.... 
 East Wilton... 
 
 Wilton 
 
 Temple 
 
 Peterboro' 
 
 Dublin (i 
 
 Marlboro' 8 
 
 Kkkne 5 
 
 Chesterfield Fac. . I 8| 57 
 
 Chesterfield 3 60 
 
 Brattleboro' ..I 8| 68 
 
 (36) From Lowell, 
 Mass., TO Brattle- 
 boro', Vt. 
 
 North Chelmsford 
 
 Tyiigsboro' 
 
 Dunstable 
 
 Pepperell 
 
 Tovvnsend Harbor 
 
 Townsend 
 
 Ashley 
 
 Rindge, N. H. ... 
 
 Fitzwilliam 
 
 Richmond 
 
 Winchester 
 
 Hinsdale 
 
 Brattleboro'.. 
 
 10 
 16 
 20 
 22 
 
 28 
 39 
 46 
 53 
 59 
 65 
 72 
 
 (37) From Boston to 
 
 Montreal, 
 Via Fitckburg, Keene, 
 j\'.H.,BeUoiDs' Falls, 
 Vt., Rutland, JH/d- 
 dietary, and Brattle- 
 boro'. 
 
 Fitchbarg Railroad. 
 To W.Cambridge 
 
 Wnltham 
 
 Weston 
 
 l^iiicoln 
 
 Concord 
 
 South Acto:i 
 
 West Acton 
 
 Littleton 
 
 Grotoii 
 
 Shirley Village... 
 Leoruinster 
 
 FlTCHBURG 
 
 Stage. 
 
 Aslihurnham 
 
 VVinchenden 
 
 Fitzwilliam, N.H. 
 
 Troy 
 
 Keene 
 
 Walpole 
 
 Bellows' Falls 
 Rockingham ... 
 
 La Grange 
 
 Chester 
 
 Cavendish 
 
 Ludlow 
 
 Mt. Holly 
 
 Fiiilayville 
 
 East Clarendon. 
 
 Rutland 
 
 Pittsford 
 
 Brandon 
 
 Leicester 
 
 Salisbury 
 
 Middle BURY .. 
 
 Wey bridge 
 
 New Haven 
 
 Vergennes 
 
 Ferrisburg 
 
 7 
 3 
 
 IS 
 
 •^16 
 
 Shelburn . 
 
 .>s 
 
 Burlington 
 
 230 
 
 Steamboat. 
 Plattsburg, 
 N. Y 
 
 Rouse's Point .... 
 Isle auxNoi.v .... 
 St. Johns, Canada 
 
 25'^55 
 25i280 
 141294 
 111305 
 
 Ckamplain Sr St. Law- 
 rence Railroad. 
 La Prairie 1151320 
 
 Steamboat. 
 Montreal 1 91329 
 
 (38) From Brattle- 
 
 BORo', Vt., TO Al- 
 BANY, N. v., 
 
 Vi,a Bennington 
 
 Trou. 
 To West Brattle- 
 boro' 
 
 Marlboro' 
 
 Wilmington 
 
 Scarsburg 
 
 Woodford 
 
 Bennington — 
 
 Hoosick — 
 
 Pittstown 
 
 Lansingburg 
 
 Troy 
 
 Albany 
 
 and. 
 
 I 
 
 2' 
 
 91 
 18: 
 
 7 
 
 57 
 
 '/ 
 
 64 
 
 H 
 
 73: 
 
 4 
 
 77 
 
 9 
 
 86; 
 
 12 
 
 98, 
 
 4 
 
 1(121 
 
 n 
 
 1071 
 
 5 
 
 112! 
 
 5 
 
 117! 
 
 [i 
 
 126!; 
 
 f) 
 
 131 j 
 
 8 
 
 139 
 
 7 
 
 146! 
 
 6 
 
 In2 
 
 4 
 
 ir>6| 
 
 h 
 
 164 
 
 8 
 
 172 
 
 4 
 
 181 ! 
 
 1(1 
 
 191 
 
 5 
 
 196, 
 
 3 
 
 199 
 
 37! 
 
 % 
 
 55.^ 
 67 
 71 
 77 
 
 (39) Fr'm Burlington. 
 TO Albany, ) 
 
 Via Middlebury S,- Cos- 
 tleton. 
 
 To Shelburn 
 
 Charlotte 
 
 Ferrisburg 
 
 Vergennes 
 
 Kew Haven 
 
 Middlebury — 
 
 Cornwall 
 
 Whiting 
 
 Sudbury 
 
 Hubbardton 
 
 Castleton 
 
 Poultney 
 
 Granville. N.Y... 
 
 Hebron 
 
 Salem '. 
 
 Jackson 
 
 Cambridge 
 
 Lan.^ingburg 
 
 Tkoy 
 
 Albany 
 
 14 
 
 43 
 
 61] 
 701 
 77 
 87-1 
 96, 
 104 i 
 110 
 116 j 
 
 1441 
 150 
 
 (40) Fr'm Burlington 
 toWhitehall, N.Y.. 
 
 To Vergennes— i I 
 I (see No. 39).... 24' 
 Addison 1 bl 3a 
 
ROUTES IN MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 65 
 
 Bridport 
 
 h^horehum 
 
 Orwell 
 
 Benson 
 
 West Haven . 
 Whitehall. 
 
 8 38 
 
 G 44 
 
 « 50 
 
 6 56 
 
 6 62 
 
 8 70 
 
 (41) Fr'm Burlington 
 TO Phillipsburg, 
 Canadu. 
 
 To Colcliester 
 
 West Milton . 
 
 Georgia 
 
 S?T. Albans.. 
 
 Hish Gute ... 
 
 Phillipsburg.. 
 
 Bakersfield . . 
 
 Fairfield 
 
 SSt. Albans 
 
 (45) 
 
 F'm Montpelier 
 TO Derby. 
 
 To Calais 
 
 Woodbury 
 
 La Moilleville , 
 Hardwick 
 
 (?i in <^ilover 
 
 61 12} Barton 
 
 Brownington., 
 Derby 
 
 41 
 
 (42) Fr'm Burlington 
 TO Derby. 
 
 To Essex 
 
 Jericho 
 
 Underhill 
 
 Cmnhridge 
 
 Jeffersonville. . 
 
 Johnson 
 
 Eden 
 
 Jjoweil 
 
 Westtield 
 
 Troy 
 
 Newport 
 
 Derby 
 
 (43) From Burling- 
 ton TO THE White 
 Mountains, 
 
 Vi<i Montpelier &r Lit- 
 tleton. 
 
 ToWiiliston ... 
 
 Richmond 
 
 Bolton 
 
 Watorbnry 
 
 Middlesex 
 
 Montpelier .. 
 
 PlaiulieJd 
 
 Marsh field 
 
 Cabot 
 
 Danville 
 
 St. Johnsbury .. 
 
 Waterford 
 
 Littleton, N. H. 
 
 Bethlehem 
 
 ■J\i\itck House. .. 
 
 Bartlett 
 
 Conway 
 
 (46) F'm Montpelier 
 TO Haverhill, JM .H 
 
 ToBarre 
 
 Orange 
 
 West Topsham . . 
 
 East Corinth 
 
 Bradford 
 
 Haverhill 
 
 (47) F'm Middlebury 
 to Koyalton. 
 
 To Ripton 
 
 Hancock 
 
 Rochester 
 
 Stockbridge... 
 
 Bethel 
 
 Royalton 
 
 (48) Fr'm Rutland to 
 Hanover, N. H. 
 
 (44) F'm Montpelier 
 TO St. Albans, 
 Via Johnson. 
 To Worcester . 
 
 Elmore 
 
 Morrisville 
 
 Hyde Park .... 
 
 Johnson 
 
 Waterville 
 
 ToSherburn 
 
 jBridgewater 
 
 I Woodstock 
 
 QueecheeVillage. 
 
 Hartford 
 
 Norwich 
 
 Hanover 
 
 (49) Fr'm Rutland to 
 Whitehall, N.Y. 
 
 To Cfistleton . . . 
 Fair P]aven — 
 Low Hitmpton , 
 Whitehall .. 
 
 I 12 
 
 5 i; 
 
 3 20 
 
 (50) F'm Bennington 
 to Rutland. 
 
 ToShnftsbury. 
 
 Arlington 
 
 Sunderland 
 
 Manchester 
 
 Factory Point . 
 
 ; Kast Dorset . . . 
 Dnnby 
 
 [Wallingford... 
 
 I Clarendon 
 
 I Rutland 
 
 (51) Fr'm Brattlebo- 
 Ro' to Derby Line, 
 
 Via Bellows' Falls, 
 Windsor, Hanover, 
 and Haverhill. 
 
 To Chesterfield, 
 N. H 
 
 Westmoreland . . . 
 
 Walpole 
 
 Bellows' Falls 
 Vt 
 
 Charlestown, NH. 
 
 Wethersfield 
 
 Windsor 
 
 Plaintield 
 
 West Lebanon... 
 
 Hanover 
 
 Lyme 
 
 Orford 
 
 Piermoiit 
 
 Haverhill 
 
 Newbuiy, Vt.... 
 Wells' River.... 
 Mclndoes' Falls. 
 
 Bariiet 
 
 Passu msic 
 
 St. Johnsbury... 
 
 Lyndon 
 
 Sutton 
 
 Barton 
 
 Brownington 
 
 Derby 
 
 Derby Line 
 
 (52) 
 Via 
 
 From Boston to 
 
 Albany, 
 
 Worcester and 
 Springfield. 
 
 Boston and Worcester 
 Railroad. 
 
 To Brighton 
 
 Angler's Corner 
 
 Newton 
 
 Needham , 
 
 Natick , 
 
 Franiingham 
 
 Hopkinton 
 
 Southboro' 
 
 Westboro' 
 
 Grafton 
 
 Worcester ... 
 
 I 5 
 2 7 
 
 2 9 
 4i 13 
 4 17 
 4| 21 
 
 3 24 
 
 4 28 
 4 32 
 61 38 
 d 44 
 
 Western Railroad. 
 
 Clappville 
 
 Charlton 
 
 Spencer 
 
 East Brookfield . . 
 South Brookfield. 
 West Brookfield . 
 
 Warren 
 
 Palmer 
 
 North Wilbraham 
 
 Wilbrnlinm 
 
 Springfield . . . 
 
66 
 
 ROUTES IX MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 W. Springfield.. 
 
 Westfield 
 
 Russell 
 
 Chester Vilkge.. 
 Chester Factory. 
 North Becket ... 
 
 Washington 
 
 Hinsdale 
 
 Dalton 
 
 PiTTSFIELD 
 
 Sliaker Village.. 
 
 Richmond 
 
 State Line 
 
 125 
 135 
 138 
 143 
 I4tj 
 151 
 15(5 
 159 
 162 
 
 Albany and W. Stock- 
 bridge Railroad 
 
 21100 
 
 81II6 
 3|119 
 
 Canaan, N. Y 
 
 East Chatham 
 
 Chatliani 
 
 Kinderhook 
 
 Schodack 
 
 Greenbush 
 
 Albany 
 
 (53) From Fitchburg 
 
 TO WiLLIAMSTOWN. 
 
 To Westrninster- 
 
 (seeNo. 37)... 
 
 South Gardiner . 
 
 Templeton 
 
 Phillipstown 
 
 Athol 
 
 South Orange 
 
 Irvingsville , 
 
 Greenfield 
 
 t^hellJurn 
 
 Shelburn Falls ... 
 
 Charlemont 
 
 Florida 
 
 North Adams 
 
 WiLLIAMSTOWN. 
 
 (54) Fr'm Worcester 
 TO Lowell. 
 
 To West Boylston 
 
 Sterling 
 
 Lancaster 
 
 Shirley Village... 
 
 Shirley 
 
 Grotoii 
 
 Forge Village 
 
 Westford 
 
 Chelmsford 
 
 Lowell 
 
 7 
 13 
 IS 
 23 
 25 
 31 
 3(5 
 39 
 44 
 48 
 
 (55) Fr'm Worcester 
 
 to Nashua, N. H. 
 
 Via Fitckburg. 
 
 To West Boylston 
 
 Sterling 
 
 Leominster 
 
 Fitchburg 
 
 Lunenburg 
 
 Groton 
 
 Pepperell 
 
 Nashua 
 
 (56) Fr'm Worcester 
 TO Keene, N. H. 
 
 To Holden 
 
 Hnbbardton 
 
 Templeton 
 
 Baldwinsville 
 
 Royalton 
 
 Richmond, N. H. 
 
 Swansea 
 
 Keene 
 
 (57) Fr'm Worcester 
 
 TO BRATTLEBORO'.Vt. 
 
 ToPaxton 
 
 (Joldbrook 
 
 Barre 
 
 Petersham 
 
 xV. New Salem... 
 
 Irvingsville 
 
 XorthHeld 
 
 Vernon, Vt 
 
 Brattleboro'.. 
 
 (58) Fr'm Worcester 
 TO Greenfield. 
 
 Boston and Worcester 
 Railroad. 
 
 Grafton 
 
 Vilest boro' 
 
 Southboro' 
 
 Hopkinton 
 
 Framingham 
 
 Natick 
 
 Needham 
 
 Newton 
 
 Angier's Corner. 
 
 Brighton 
 
 Boston 
 
 To Barre 
 
 Dana 
 
 Millington 
 
 Lock's Village... 
 
 Montague 
 
 Greenfield 
 
 (59) From W. Brook- 
 
 FIELD TO NoRTH- 
 AMI'TON. 
 
 To Ware, (see 
 
 No. 52) 
 
 Enlield 
 
 Amherst 
 
 Hadley , 
 
 Northampton., 
 
 (60) Fr'm Palmer De- 
 pot TO Amherst. 
 
 To Belchertown— 1 I 
 
 (seeNo. 52) .... 10 
 Amherst llOl 20 
 
 (61) F'm Springfield 
 TO Boston. 
 
 Western Railroad. 
 
 To Wilhraham 
 \orth VVilbraham 
 
 Pahner 
 
 Warren 
 
 VV. Brookfield.. 
 .\. Brookiield .. 
 K. lirookfield... 
 
 Spencer 
 
 (Jharlton 
 
 Ch.ppviUe 
 
 Worcester . . 
 
 ;.62) F'm Springf'd to 
 Brattleboro', Vt. 
 Via JVort/iampton. 
 
 Spring-field and jVortk-^, 
 amptoa Railroad. 
 
 ToCabotville... 
 
 VVillimanSeft. ... 
 
 Northampton. 
 Stage. 
 
 Hatfield.. 
 
 East VVhately... 
 
 South Deerfield . 
 
 Deerfield 
 
 Greenfield 
 
 Bernardston 
 
 Guilford, Vt 
 
 Brattleboro'. .. __ 
 
 F'm Brattleboro' north, 
 (see No. 51.) 
 
 (63) F'm Springfield 
 TO Greenfield, 
 Via Jlinherst. 
 ToCabotville.. 
 Willimansett. .. 
 S. Hadley Falls 
 South Hadiey .. 
 Holyoke Place . 
 
 Hadley 
 
 Amherst 
 
 North Amherst. 
 
 Sunderland 
 
 Montague 
 
 Greenfield... 
 
 35 
 
 (64) F'm Northampt'n 
 TO Albany, N.Y. 
 
 
 6l 
 
 ;j 
 
 9^ 
 
 6 
 
 15 
 
 1( 
 
 
 A 
 
 29 1 
 
 2 
 
 31 
 
 3 
 
 :^i 
 
 2 
 
 36 i 
 
 n 
 
 41 
 
 4 
 
 45 
 54I 
 
 y 
 
 To W. HainiJton. 
 
 Norwich 
 
 Chester Village .. 
 Albany, (see 
 No. 52) 
 
 (65) From Boston to 
 
 New York, 
 Via Worcester, Spring- 
 
 field, Hartford, and 
 
 JVew Haven. 
 To Springfield,] I 
 
 (see No. 52) ....I I 98 
 
ROUTES IN MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 67 
 
 Hartford <S- Sprinsfield 
 Railroad. 
 
 Tiiompsonville... 
 Windsor Locks .. 
 
 Windsor 
 
 Hartford 
 
 81106 
 5111 
 
 6117 
 71124 
 
 Hartford iS- JVewHaven^ 
 Railroad. 
 
 New Britain 
 
 Berlin 
 
 Meriden 
 
 Wullinglord 
 
 North Haven 
 
 New Haven 
 
 Steamboat. 
 To New York.. 
 
 8;i32 
 
 7142 
 
 6148 
 
 153 
 
 160 
 
 240 
 
 (66) From Boston to 
 
 New York, 
 Via Worcester, JVor- 
 
 wick, &i- Oreenport. 
 To Worcester,! I 
 
 (see No. 52) ....I | 44 
 
 JVoi'wic/i <S,' fVorcester 
 
 Railroad. 
 
 Oxford 
 
 Wel)ster 
 
 Fishersville 
 
 PonitVet 
 
 Daysville 
 
 Dunielsville 
 
 Central Villnge .. 
 
 I'laintield 
 
 Jewett City 
 
 Norwich 
 
 Ailyn's Point*.... 
 
 Strambuat. 
 
 To Greenport,NY 
 
 A. IslMid R. R. 
 
 To New York.. 
 
 * Steamboat. 
 To New London . 
 New York : 
 
 Providence & Stonins-K'iO) From Boston to 
 
 84 
 87 
 9.3 
 103 
 110 
 
 30140 
 
 96 
 
 118 
 
 ton Railroad 
 
 Appona^ 
 
 Greenwich . .. 
 
 Wickford 
 
 Kingston 
 
 Kichmond 
 
 t^hnrleston ... 
 
 Westerly 
 
 Stonington 
 Steamboat 
 To New York.. 125 214 
 
 (^t^) From Boston to 
 New Bedford, 
 
 Via Taxtnton and Fall 
 
 River Branck. 
 To Manstield— I I 
 
 (see No. 67) .... I | 24 
 Taunton Br. Railroad. 
 
 Norton | 51 29 
 
 Taunton I 7| 36 
 
 Mc.w Bedford Railroad. 
 
 Freetown* I 61 42 
 
 New Bedford ..|14| 56 
 * The Fall River Rail- 
 road e.xtends fm Free 
 town 
 ToFallKiver— ..I I 
 (see No. 83) ....|ll| 53 
 
 (69) From Boston to 
 
 Orleans, 
 Via Plymouth, Sand 
 
 wich, ^' Barnstable. 
 
 Old Colony Railroad. 
 
 DUXBURY. 
 
 To Unincy, 
 Hingliam... 
 Cohasset . .. 
 
 Scituate 
 
 Marsh field.. 
 Duxbury ... 
 
 (71) From Boston to 
 Taunton. 
 
 To Abington 
 
 E. Bri(igevvater... 
 
 [Bridgewater 
 
 Taunton 
 
 I 19 
 5 24 
 
 3 27 
 
 loU: 
 
 (72) F'm Plymouth to 
 Falmouth. 
 
 (67) From Boston to 
 
 New York, 
 
 Via Providence and 
 
 Stonington. 
 
 Boston and Providence 
 
 Railroad. 
 
 ToRoxbtiry 
 
 Jatnaica Plains... 
 
 Toll Gate 
 
 Dedhum Low Pl'n 
 
 Canton •. . 
 
 Sharon 
 
 Foxboro' 
 
 Mansfield 
 
 Toby's Corner 
 
 Altleboroiigh 
 
 D()d{.'eville 
 
 Pernn's Crossing. 
 
 Seekonk 
 
 Providence 
 
 a5 
 
 4 |.39 
 
 2ii4U 
 
 To Savin Hill.. 
 
 Dorchester 
 
 Neponsett 
 
 Ouincy 
 
 N. Braintree 
 
 W. Braintree 
 
 S. Weymouth 
 
 Abington 
 
 S. Abington 
 
 Hanson 
 
 Halifax 
 
 Plynipton 
 
 Kingston 
 
 Plymouth 
 
 Stage. 
 
 Eel River 
 
 W. Sandwich.... 
 
 Sandwich 
 
 Yj. Sandwich 
 
 W. Barnstable . . . 
 Barnstable — 
 
 Yarniouthport 
 
 Yurnnouth 
 
 Dennis 
 
 Brewster 
 
 Orlean.s 
 
 To W. Sandwich. 
 
 Monument 
 
 Pocasset 
 
 N. Falmouth 
 
 W Falmouth .... 
 
 Falmouth 
 
 Wood's Hole 
 
 (73) F'm Plymouth to 
 New Bedford. 
 
 To Carver 1 1 8i 
 
 W. Wareham....J6:i|l5 
 
 Rochester i6"i21 
 
 Mattipoisett 16 27 
 
 Fair Haven j5 32 
 
 New Bedford ..11 l33 
 
 (74) F'm Plymouth to 
 
 Taunton. 
 
 ToPlympton... 
 Middleboro'... 
 N. Middleboro' 
 Taitnton 
 
 (75) F'm NewBedford 
 
 TO Sandwich. 
 To Fair Haven. 
 Mattipoisett.... 
 
 Sippican 
 
 Wnreham 
 
 E. Wareham .. 
 Sandwich 
 
 (76) F'm NewBedford 
 TO Nantucket, 
 Via Holmes's Hole. 
 
 Steamboat- 
 Holmes's Hole ...I 139 
 
 1261 
 
 Nantucket 
 
 65 
 
 (77) F'm NewBedford 
 
 TO Providence. 
 Tf> N. Dartmouth I 3i 
 
 Westport Al\ 8 
 
 Fall River 18 116 
 
68 
 
 ROUTES IN RHODE ISLAND. 
 
 Swansea 14 20 
 
 S. Seekonk 8 28 
 
 Providence 1 5 33 
 
 (78) Fr'm Taunton to 
 Sandwich. 
 
 To Middleboro' 
 y. Middleboro' , 
 
 Wiireham 
 
 Sandwich , 
 
 (79) From Boston to 
 VVooNsocKET Falls 
 R.I. 
 
 To Dedham 
 
 W. Dedham 
 
 Med field 
 
 R-ckville 
 
 Fnirikiin City ... 
 
 Franklin 
 
 woonsocket 
 Falls 
 
 (80) From Lowell to 
 Newburyport 
 
 Fia, Haverhill. 
 
 ToDracut 
 
 Methuen 
 
 lliiverhili 
 
 E. Haverhill 
 
 W. Ainesbury... 
 
 Ainesbury 
 
 Salisbury 
 
 Bellevilleport 
 
 Newburyport. 
 
 (81) From Salem to 
 
 rockport. 
 To Manchester...! I 9 
 
 Gloucester I 7| 16 
 
 Rockport I 51 21 
 
 (82) From Fall River 
 TO Newport, R. I. 
 
 To Tiverton I I 6 
 
 Portsmouth I 3l 9 
 
 Newport I 91 18 
 
 (83) Fr'm Providence 
 ' TO New Bedford, 
 
 Mass. 
 To S. Seekonk 
 N. Swansea... 
 
 Swansea 5 14 
 
 Fall River 4 18 
 
 Westport 8 26 
 
 N. Dartmouth 4 
 
 New Bedford.. 3i 33 
 
 (84) Fr'm Providence 
 TO Newport. 
 
 ToBarrington. 
 
 Wurren 
 
 Bristol 
 
 Portsmouth 
 
 Newport — 
 
 2i 
 
 2^ 
 
 4 
 
 6*1' 
 
 2A 
 
 9 
 
 H 
 
 lOi 
 
 4s 
 
 15 
 
 
 17A 
 
 ;■{ 
 
 2UJ, 
 
 3A 
 
 24 
 
 3A 
 
 2/i 
 
 5a 
 
 33 
 
 4 
 
 3/ 
 
 1 
 
 3S 
 
 li 
 
 39V 
 
 2 
 
 41 i 
 
 (85) Fr'm Providence i 
 
 TO Boston. i 
 
 Boston and Providence 
 Railroad. < 
 
 To Seekonk 
 
 Perrin's Crossing. 
 
 Dodgeville 
 
 Attleboro' 
 
 Toby's Corner 
 
 Mansfield 
 
 Foxboro' 
 
 Sharon 
 
 Canton 
 
 Dedhiini Low Pl'n 
 
 Toll Gate 
 
 Jamaica Plain 
 
 Roxbury 
 
 Boston 
 
 (86) Fr'm Providence 
 to Worcester, 
 
 Via JVoonsocket Falls. 
 To Pawtucket. 
 Lime Ruck 
 
 WoONSOCKET 
 
 Falls 
 
 VVatertbrd .... 
 
 Blackstone 
 
 iVlillville 
 
 Uxbridge 
 
 Whitingville 3 
 
 Northbridge \ 2 
 
 FarmersviTle ! 2| 34 
 
 Wilkinsonviile... 3 37 
 
 Milbury i 4l 41 
 
 Worcester 1 6! 47 
 
 (87) Fr'm Providence 
 TO Thompson, Ct. 
 
 To Fruit H 
 Greenville. 
 Chepacket 
 Thumps(jn 
 
 W. Greenwich.,. 
 
 Pine Hill 
 
 Brand's IronW'ks 
 
 Hopkinton 
 
 N.Stonington,Ct. 
 
 My.«tick 
 
 Groton Centre. . . . 
 
 Groton 
 
 New London 
 
 (88) Fr'm Providence 
 
 TO KiLLINGLY, Ct. 
 
 To N. Scituate...! | 10 
 Foster 
 
 E. Kiliingly I 61 25 
 
 Killingly I 2I27 
 
 (89) Fr'm Providence 
 TO Plainfielu, Ct. 
 
 To S. Scituate . . . 
 
 Mt. Vernon 1 6 
 
 Rice City 12 
 
 i Sterling, Ct | 5 
 
 Plainfield 1 4 
 
 (90) Fr'm Providence 
 TO N. London, Ct. 
 
 ToNatick I I 9 
 
 Centreville 2 11 
 
 Coventry ! 21 13 
 
 (91) Fr'm Providence 
 
 TO STONINGTON.Ct. 
 
 Providence &,• Stoning- 
 
 ton Railroad. 
 To Apponag 
 Greenwich .. 
 VVickford ... 
 
 Kingston 
 
 Richmond... 
 Charleston . . 
 
 Westerly 
 
 Stonington 
 
 31 
 
 38 
 
 .42i 
 
 51148 
 
 (92) Fr'm Providence 
 
 to Wickford. 
 To Pawtucket.... 
 
 Warwick 
 
 E.Greenwich 
 
 Wickford 
 
 I ^ 
 6 11 
 
 3 14 
 8122 
 
 (93) From Hartford 
 TO Springfield. 
 
 Hartford S,- Upringjield 
 Railroad. 
 
 To Windsor 7 
 
 Windsor Locks . 
 Thoinpsonville.. 
 Springfield ... 
 
 18 
 
 (94) From Hartford 
 TO New Haven. 
 
 Hartford ^- J\rew Haven 
 Railroad. 
 
 To New Britai 
 
 Berlin 
 
 Meriden 
 
 Wallingtbrd... 
 North Haven.. 
 New Haven.. 
 
 (95) From Hartford 
 TO New Haven, 
 Via Middletown. 
 
 To Wethersfield.. 
 
 Rocky Hill 
 
 Up'r Middletown. 
 
 Middletown 
 
 Durhnm 
 
 Northford 
 
 Fair Haven 
 
 x\kw Haven 
 
ROUTES IN CONNECTICUT. 
 
 69 
 
 (96) From Hartford 
 
 TO SaYBRUOK. 
 
 To Middletown 
 
 Higpunum 
 
 Hailduiu 
 
 E. Hiidclam .... 
 
 Chester 
 
 Deep River 
 
 Essex 
 
 Saybrook 5 42, 
 
 (97) From Hartford' 
 TO New London. 
 
 Somers 
 
 N. Somers.., 
 Wilbrahani 
 
 (103) From Hartford 
 
 to Westfield, Ms. 
 TuBloointield.... 
 
 Taritfville 
 
 (irnnhy 
 
 Southwick, Mass, 
 Westfield 
 
 To E.Hartford... 
 
 (Jlastunbury 
 
 Marlboro' 
 
 Colchester 
 
 Salem 
 
 Chesterfield 
 
 New London..., 
 
 (98) From Hartford 
 TO Norwich, 
 Via Colchester. 
 
 To Colchester .... I 12-1 
 
 Bozrah 9 33 
 
 Norwich I 6| 39 
 
 (99) From Hartford 
 TO Norwich. 
 
 To E. Hartford 
 
 Manchester 
 
 Bolton 
 
 Andover 
 
 Columbia 
 
 Liberty Hill... 
 
 Lebanon 
 
 Franklin 
 
 Norvvichtowu . 
 Norwich 
 
 1 
 
 10 
 14 
 
 19 
 24 
 
 28 
 31 
 
 37 
 
 40 
 
 42; 
 
 (100) From Hartford; 
 
 TO W. KiLLINULY 
 
 To Manchester— 
 (see No. 99) ... . 
 
 Coventry 
 
 S. Coventry 
 
 Willimantic 
 
 Windham , 
 
 Howard Valley... 
 
 Brooklin 
 
 W.Killingly 
 
 (104) From Hartford 
 
 TO Canaan. 
 To W. Hartford. . 
 
 Avon 
 
 Canton 
 
 Collinsville 
 
 New Hartford 
 
 Winchester 
 
 Millbrook 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 Canaan 
 
 10 
 13 
 15 
 21 
 
 2: 
 
 37 
 43 
 
 (105) From Hartford 
 
 TO Litchfield. 
 To W. Hartford. 
 
 Farmington 
 
 Bristol 
 
 Terrysville 
 
 Plymouth 
 
 Northtield 
 
 Litchfield — 
 
 (106) F'm Norwich to 
 
 Worcester, Mass. 
 JVorwic/i <S- Worcester 
 
 Rdilrond. 
 To Jewett's City. 
 
 Plaintield 
 
 Central Village... 
 
 Danielsville 
 
 Daysville 
 
 Pomfret 
 
 Fishersviile 
 
 Webster, Mass. . . 
 
 Oxford 
 
 Worcester — 
 
 (101) From Hartford 
 to Killingly. 
 
 To Coventry I I 17 
 
 Mansfield I 7 24 
 
 Ashford ,8 32 
 
 Abington I 7 39 
 
 Pomfret Landing. 4 43 i 
 Killingly 2l 45 
 
 (102) From Hartford 
 
 TO WiLBRAHAM, Ms. 
 
 To E.Windsor... I 7 
 Pcantic Village ..6 13 
 Broatl Brook ! 31 16 
 
 (107) F'm Norwich to 
 New \ork. 
 
 Railroad. I I 
 To Allyn's Point. 7 
 
 Steamboat. \ 
 New York 142|l49 
 
 (108) F'm Norwich to 
 Springfield, Mass. 
 
 To Norwichtown. 
 
 Franklin 
 
 Windham 
 
 Mnn-field 
 
 Tolland 
 
 Ellington 
 
 Somers 
 
 E. Long Meadow. 
 
 bPRINGFlELD 
 
 9 14i 
 
 10 24 
 
 6 30! 
 
 6 36 
 
 6 42 
 
 7 49 
 5. 54 
 
 (109) Fr'm N. London 
 TO Stonington. 
 
 ToGroton 
 
 Feciuot 
 
 .Mystick 
 
 Porte rsville 
 
 Mystick Bridge. 
 Stonington... 
 
 (110) F'm New Haven 
 to New London. 
 
 To E. Haven.. 
 
 Branfbrd 
 
 Guilford 
 
 Madison 
 
 Clinton 
 
 Westbrook 
 
 Saybrook — 
 
 Lyme 
 
 E. Lyme 
 
 Riverhead 
 
 Waterford 
 
 New London. 
 
 (Ill) F'M New Haven 
 
 TO Springfield. 
 
 Hartford S,- Mew Haven 
 Railroad. 
 
 To North Haven 
 
 Wallingford 
 
 Meriden 
 
 Berlin 
 
 New Britain 
 
 Hartford 
 
 Hartford Sr S-pringfield 
 Railroad. 
 
 Windsor 
 
 Windsor Locks .. 
 Thompsonville . . . 
 Springfield 
 
 (112) F'm New Haven 
 
 TO Boston, 
 
 Via Springfield, 
 
 (See No. 125)....! 1160 
 
 From New Haven to 
 Albany, N. Y., 
 Via Springjield. 
 
 To Springfie'd- I I 
 
 (see No. 111)... t 62 
 Albany 102164 
 
 (113) F'm New Haven 
 to Litchfield. 
 
 iTo Westville.. 
 
 Straitsville .... 
 
 [Niiugatuck 
 
 j Water!) nry 
 
 Waterlown ... 
 I Litchfield .. 
 
70 
 
 ROUTES IN NEW YORK. 
 
 (114) F'm New Haven 
 
 TO Litchfield, 
 Via Derby. 
 
 To Derby.... 
 
 Hiiinphreysville .. 
 
 U.vford 
 
 Siiuthbury 
 
 Woodbury 
 
 Betiileheiii 
 
 youth Farms 
 
 Litchfield 
 
 (115) F'm New Haven 
 
 to Farmington. 
 To Hamden... 
 
 Cheshire 
 
 Southuigton... 
 
 I'laniville 
 
 Farmington . 
 
 (116) F'm New Haven 
 to New York, 
 
 Via Bridgeport and 
 
 Morioalk. 
 
 (See No. 126) ....I I 78 
 
 (117) F'm New Haven 
 TO New York. 
 
 Steamboat. 
 To Bridgeport....] 120 
 New York 160180 
 
 (118) F'm Bridgeport 
 to Albany, N. Y., 
 
 Via West Stockbridge. 
 
 Housatonic R. R 
 
 To Stepney 
 
 Bottsford 
 
 Newtown 
 
 Hawleyville 
 
 Brookheld 
 
 New Milford .. 
 Gaylord's Bridge, 
 
 Kent 
 
 Cornwall Bridge , 
 
 Cornwall 
 
 Canaan 
 
 Mass. State Line, 
 Berksliire and West 
 
 Stockbridge R. R. 
 
 Shetlield 
 
 (^reat Barringtoii. 
 Van Deusenville . 
 W. Stockbridge 
 N. Y. State Line. 
 Albany and W. Stock 
 
 bridge Railroad. 
 
 6i 8(3 
 
 2i 88 
 
 8 96 
 
 2| 98 
 
 Canaan 
 
 Chatham 4 Corn's 
 
 Kinderhook 
 
 Schodack 
 
 Albany 1 8 
 
 (119) F'm Litchfield 
 TO W. Cornwall 
 
 To Goshen— 
 (see No. 118) ,., 
 
 Cornwall 
 
 W. Cornwall . , 
 
 12 
 
 15 
 
 (120) F'm Litchfield 
 to New Milford. 
 7 
 11 
 15 
 19 
 
 To Wood villa.... 
 
 New Preston 
 
 North ville 
 
 NewWilford... 
 (121) Fr'm New York 
 
 TO Boston, 
 Via Greenport, J^or- 
 
 wick, iS,- Worcester. 
 To Brooklyn .. 
 L. Island R. R. 
 
 Bedford 
 
 East New York . , 
 
 Union Course 
 
 Jamaica 
 
 Brushville 
 
 Hempstead Br..., 
 
 Carl Place 
 
 Hicksville 
 
 Farmingdale 
 
 Deerpark 
 
 Suffolk Station ., 
 
 Medford 
 
 St. George's Man 
 
 Riverhead 
 
 Mattetuck 
 
 Southold 
 
 Greenport 
 
 Steamboat. 
 To New London 
 
 Allyn's Point 
 
 JVorwich ^ Worcester 
 
 Railroad. 
 
 Norwich 
 
 Jewett's City 
 
 Piaintield 
 
 Central Village . 
 
 Danielsville 
 
 Daysville 
 
 Pomfret 
 
 Fishersville 
 
 Webster, Mass, . 
 
 O.xford 
 
 Worcester 
 
 Boston and Worcester 
 
 Railroad. 
 
 Grafton 
 
 Westboro' 
 
 Southboro' , 
 
 Hopkiiiton , 
 
 Frammgham 
 
 Natick 
 
 Needham , 
 
 Newton , 
 
 Angler's Corner., 
 
 Brighton 
 
 Boston 
 
 128 
 
 200 
 
 206 
 
 210 
 
 214 
 
 217 
 
 4 221 
 
 41225 
 
 4J229 
 
 2231 
 
 2233 
 
 5i238 
 
 (122) F'M New YorK'I 
 
 to Boston, j 
 
 Via Stonington and 
 
 Providence. 
 
 Steamboat. \ I i 
 
 To Stonington.! |125 | 
 
 Providence iS- Stoning- j 
 
 ton Railroad. i 
 
 Westerly . . 
 Charleston 
 Richmond. 
 Kingston .. 
 Wickford . 
 Greenwich , 
 Apponag. . . 
 Providenc 
 
 130i, 
 
 135 
 
 142 
 
 148 
 
 155 
 
 161 
 
 164 
 
 172i 
 
 Boston and Providence 
 Railroad. 
 
 Seekonk 
 Perrin's Crossing 
 
 Dodgeville 
 
 Attleborough 
 
 Toby's Corner... 
 
 Mansfield 
 
 Foxboro' 
 
 Sharon 
 
 Canton 
 
 Dedham Low PI. 
 Jamaica Plains.. 
 
 Roxbury 
 
 Boston 
 
 175 
 179 
 181i 
 183 
 1874 
 190 
 193 
 196i 
 200 
 205J 
 210i 
 
 (123) F'M New 
 to Boston 
 ViaJVew Haven, 
 ford, Springjie 
 Worcester. 
 Steamboat. 
 Black well's Is). .. 
 Hell Gate 
 
 ^0 
 
 H 
 
 Id, 
 
 3 
 3 
 5 
 8 
 8 
 3 
 3 
 8 
 
 12 
 3 
 3 
 
 12 
 3 
 
 fa 
 
 b 
 6 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 RU 
 
 ■t 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 Brothers' Island.. 
 Throg's Neck.... 
 
 New Rochelle 
 
 Captain's Island . 
 Greenwich Point . 
 
 Shippan Point 
 
 Norwalk Islands . 
 
 Black Rock 
 
 Bridgeport 
 
 Stratford 
 
 10 
 15 
 23 
 31 
 34 
 37 
 
 1? 
 
 Neck Point 
 
 New Haven 
 
 Hartford.^- jXew/ 
 
 Railroad. 
 To North Haven . 
 
 Wallingford 
 
 Meriden 
 
 75 
 78 
 Jen 
 85 
 % 
 
 
 
 New Britain 
 
 Hartford 
 
 114 
 
 Hartford S,- Springfield 
 Railroad. 
 
 Windsor I 71121 
 
 Windsor Locks ..I 6|l27 
 
ROUTES IN NEW YORK. 
 
 71 
 
 Thompsonville ...I 51132' 
 
 Springtield 181140 
 
 fVestern Railroad. I 
 
 61146 
 
 9|155 
 
 Wilbraham 
 
 Palmer 
 
 Warren 
 
 West Brooktield . 
 East Brookfield .. 
 
 Spencer 
 
 Charlton 
 
 ClappviUe 
 
 Worcester — 
 Boston and Worcester 
 
 Railroad. 
 To Boston— I I 
 ...1441238 
 
 Stamford 
 
 Darien 
 
 Nnrwalk 
 
 Westport 
 
 Soutliport 
 
 Fairfield 
 
 Bridgeport. 
 
 Stratford 
 
 Milford 
 
 New Haven. 
 
 (see No. 121) 
 
 (124) F'm N. York to 
 Albany & Troy, 
 
 Via Bridgeport. 
 
 Steamboat. 
 To Bridgeport, Ct 
 Hoiisatunic R. R. 
 
 Stepney 
 
 Bottsford 
 
 Newtown 
 
 Hawleysville 
 
 Brooklield 
 
 New Milford 
 
 Gaylord's Bridge. 
 
 Kent 
 
 Cornwall Bridge . 
 
 Cornwall 
 
 Canaan 
 
 Mass. State Line. 
 Berkshire Sr W. Stock- 
 
 bridse Railroad. 
 
 42 
 48 
 52 
 56 
 58 
 62 
 6v 
 69 
 78 
 
 (126) F'm New York 
 I TO Danbury, Ct. 
 Harlem Railroad. 
 
 To Harlem 
 
 Fordham 
 
 Williams' Bridge. 
 Hunt's Bridge — 
 
 Tnckahoe 
 
 Hart's Corners 
 
 White Plains .. 
 
 Stage. 
 The PnrcTiase .... 
 
 x\orth Castle 
 
 Bedford 
 
 Cross River 
 
 S. Salem 
 
 Ridgetield, Ct. ... 
 Danbury 
 
 Shettield, Mass. . 
 Great Barrington 
 Van Deiisenville 
 W. Stockbridge. 
 N. Y. State Lnie 
 Mbany Sr West Stock 
 bridge Railroad. 
 
 '(127) F'M New York 
 
 TO Albany. 
 !to King's Bridge. 
 
 lYonkers 
 
 Dobb's Ferry 
 
 jTarrytown 
 
 iSinrSing 
 
 Cortlandtown 
 
 [Peekskill 
 
 Philipsburg 
 
 Fishkill 
 
 Wappinger'sCr'k 
 
 POITGHKEEPSIE.. 
 
 Hyde Park 
 
 Staatsburg 
 
 Rhinebeck 
 
 Red Hook 
 
 Canaan 
 
 Chatham 4 Cor's . 
 
 Kinderbook 
 
 Scliodark 
 
 Albany 
 
 7Voj/ and Greenbush 
 
 Railroad. 
 
 Troy I 61201 
 
 (125) F'M New York 
 TO New Haven. 
 
 Upper Red Hook. 
 
 Cle 
 
 To Harlem 
 
 West Chester 
 
 New Rocbelle 
 
 Mamaroneck 
 
 Rye 
 
 Port Cliesler 
 
 Greenwich, (/onn 
 
 130 
 
 ermont 
 
 Livingston 
 
 Hudson 
 
 Stockport 
 
 Stuyvesant Falls 
 
 Kinderhook 
 
 Schodack Centre 
 
 Greenbush 
 
 Albany 
 
 (128) F'm New York 
 to Albany. 
 Steamboat. 
 Manhattanville 
 Kort Lee, N. J. 
 
 Yonkers 
 
 Hastings 
 
 Uobb's Ferry.. 
 
 IPiermont ... 
 Tarrytowii ... 
 
 Sing Sing 
 
 Verplanck's Point 
 Cnlawell's Land's 
 West Point ... 
 
 Cold Spring 
 
 (,'ornwall 
 
 Newbiirgh 
 
 Sew Haujburgh 
 
 Milton 
 
 Povghkeepsik. 
 
 Hyde Park 
 
 Pelham 
 
 llhinebeck 
 
 Ked Hcjok, Lower 
 Red Hook, Upper 
 
 Saugerties 
 
 Cattskill 
 
 Hudson 
 
 Coxsackie 
 
 Kinderhook L'd'g 
 
 N. Baltimore 
 
 Coeymaiis 
 
 Castleton 
 
 Overslaugh 
 
 Albany 
 
 2|24 
 27 
 33 
 40 
 44 
 52 
 54 
 57 
 61 
 67 
 70 
 74 
 
 84 
 90 
 97 
 100 
 101 
 111 
 116 
 124 
 127 
 131 
 133 
 137 
 142 
 145 
 
 (129) F'm New York 
 to Montreal, 
 
 Via Jllbnnv, Troy, ^ 
 Whitehall. 
 Steamboat. 
 
 To Albany 
 
 Troy 
 
 Stage. 
 
 Lansingburgh 
 
 Schagticoke 
 
 Easton 
 
 Greenwich 
 
 Argyle 
 
 Hartford 
 
 (Jranville 
 
 Whitehall 
 
 Steambi-at. 
 
 Ticonderuga 
 
 Crown Point 
 
 Port Henry 
 
 Westport 
 
 Essex 
 
 Burlington, Vt. .. 
 
 Plattsburgh 
 
 Rouse's Point 
 
 isle aux Noix, Ca. 
 
 St. John's 
 
 Champlain <i- St. Law 
 
 rence Railroad. 
 La Prairie |J5| 
 
 Steamboat. 
 Montreal .. 
 
 (130) F'm New York 
 to Albany. 
 
 West side of the Hud- 
 son River. 
 Steamboat. 
 
 To Pier>iont ...1 1 24 
 
 374 
 
72 
 
 ROUTES IN NEW YORK. 
 
 Erie Railroad. 
 
 Ramiipo 
 
 Monroe Works... 
 
 Turner's Depot... 
 
 Stnse. 
 
 Nevvburgh 
 
 Marlboro' 
 
 Milton 
 
 New PaJtz 
 
 Esopus 
 
 Rondout 
 
 Kingston 
 
 Glasco 
 
 Saugerties 
 
 Maiden 
 
 Cattskill 
 
 Athens 
 
 Coxsackie 
 
 New Baltimore .. 
 
 Coeynians 
 
 Albany 
 
 20! 44 
 
 81 52 
 5 57 
 
 8107 
 21109 
 9118 
 3121 
 3124 
 9133 
 6:139 
 81147 
 6 153 
 21155 
 121167 
 
 (131) F'm New York 
 
 TO Dunkirk. 
 
 Steamboat. 
 
 ToPiermont 
 
 JV. Y. <V Erie RR. 
 
 Blauveltville 
 
 Clarkstown 
 
 Morsey's 
 
 SatFern's 
 
 Rarnapo 
 
 Monroe Works... 
 
 Turner's 
 
 Monroe Village .. 
 
 Chester 
 
 Goshen 
 
 N^wlmniptun 
 
 Middletown 
 
 atage. 
 
 Bloominf?burg 
 
 Wurtsboro' 
 
 Bridgeville 
 
 Moiiticello 
 
 White Lake 
 
 liethel 
 
 Eosterdale 
 
 Coshocton 
 
 Damascus, Pa 
 
 Riley ville 
 
 I'ieasant Mount . . 
 
 Dimocksville 
 
 Gibson 
 
 New Milford 
 
 Great Bend 
 
 37! 
 
 42! 
 44 
 52 1 
 57 i 
 60] 
 65' 
 70 
 
 Ji 
 
 981 
 511031 
 8[111 
 3114 
 5119 
 5124 
 11125 
 91341 
 12 146 1 
 61152 
 7 1 159 
 81671 
 
 , 6173 
 
 Concklin, N. Y...t 9182 
 
 Chemung 
 
 Baldwin 
 
 Elmtra 
 
 BiffFi.Lts 
 
 E. Painted Post . , 
 
 Corning 
 
 Pamted Post 
 
 Cainpbelltown ... 
 
 Mud Creek 
 
 Bath 
 
 Kennedysville 
 
 Goff's Mills 
 
 Howard , 
 
 Hornellsville 
 
 Almond 
 
 Centre Almond.., 
 
 W. Almond 
 
 Angelica 
 
 Belfast 
 
 Caneadea , 
 
 Rushtbrd 
 
 Fartnersville 
 
 Frankliuville 
 
 Ellicottsville 
 
 Little Valley 
 
 Napoli 
 
 Randolph 
 
 Waterlwro' 
 
 Levant 
 
 Jamestown 
 
 Vermont 
 
 Gerry 
 
 Holden ville 
 
 Fredonia 
 
 Dunkirk 
 
 335 
 341 
 
 6|347 
 71354 
 
 5 359 
 13372 
 
 7:379 
 8^387 
 5[392 
 
 6 398 
 5 403 
 51408 
 71415 
 51420 
 7,427 
 8435 
 31438 
 
 (132) F'M New York 
 
 TO Barcelona. 
 To Jamestown — 
 (see No. 131) . . 
 
 Harmony 
 
 Magnolia 
 
 Maysville 
 
 Westfield 
 
 Barcelona 
 
 5|237 
 
 41241 
 9250 
 9 259 
 
 263 
 
 BlNGHAMTON 
 
 Union 
 
 Campville 
 
 Owego— 
 
 (see No. 136) 
 Tioga Centre. . 
 
 Smithsboro' 4 221 
 
 Barton ! 4 225 
 
 Factory ville i 4 229 
 
 Athens, Pa 3232 
 
 8190 
 
 Bias 
 
 6j204 
 
 7 211 
 217 
 
 408 
 8416 
 7423 
 6429 
 6435 
 2I437 
 
 (133) F'M New York 
 TO Rochester, 
 
 yia Owet;o, Geneseo, 
 cV-c. 
 To Bath— 
 
 ^(seeNo. 131) ... 
 
 Kennedysville 
 
 |Avoca 
 
 Conhocton , 
 
 Patchin's Mills.., 
 
 Dansville 
 
 Sparta , 
 
 :Grovehind 
 
 [Groveland Centre 
 
 iGkneseo 
 
 South Avon 
 
 Avon , 
 
 IRush 8l3o2 
 
 Henrietta 51357 
 
 Rochester ! 71:364 
 
 412!:)0 
 41294 
 8l3<r2 
 81310 
 6316 
 31319 
 5 324 
 61330 
 61:^36 
 6I342 
 2344 
 
 (134) F'M New York 
 
 TO Ithaca, 
 Via Pater son, JV, J., 
 
 Milford, Penn., and 
 
 Uonesdale. 
 To Jersey City ...I I 1 
 Paterson and Hudson 
 Railroad. 
 
 Bergen 
 
 Aquackanonck... 
 
 Paterson 
 
 Stage, 
 
 Pompton 
 
 Newfoundland... 
 
 Stockholm 
 
 Hamburg 
 
 Deckertown 
 
 Liberty ville 
 
 Milford, Pa. ... 
 
 Durlingsville 
 
 Tafton 
 
 Cherry Ridge 
 
 Honesdale 
 
 Waymart 
 
 Carbondale 
 
 Dundatr 
 
 Lenox 
 
 Brooklyn 
 
 35 
 
 53 
 5« 
 14! 70 
 12, 82 
 lOl 92 
 8' 100 
 51105 
 9114 
 6120 
 8128 
 8136 
 
 , 9145 
 
 Montrose 1 7;152 
 
 6158 
 6164 
 
 8i72 
 91181 
 
 Forest Lake. 
 
 Friendsville 
 
 Warrenham 
 
 Owego, N.Y 
 
 Ithaca S,- Owego Rail- 
 road. 
 Ithaca 1291210 
 
 (1340 F'M x\. York to 
 Honesdale, Pa. 
 
 fia Piermont and Go- 
 shell. 
 
 Steamboat S,- Erie Rail- 
 road. 
 
 To E. Middletown 
 (see No. 131) . . . 
 
 Mt. Hope 
 
 Cuddybiickville.. 
 
 Forestburg 
 
 Beaver Brook 
 
 Narrowsburg 
 
 Honesdale 
 
 88 
 
 112 
 
 81120 
 12! 132 
 
 (135) F'M N. York TO 
 Washington, D.C. 
 
 Fia Trenton, Philadel- 
 phia, IVilmington, Sr 
 Baltimore. 
 
 Steamboat. 
 To Jersey City . . , 
 JV. ./ersci/ R. R. 
 
 Newark 
 
 Elizabethtown ... 
 
 1' 
 
 1 5i 14 
 
 Railway ' sl 19 
 
 Metuehiu ' 8j 27 
 
 New Brunswick 4' 31 
 
ROUTES IN NEW YORK. 
 
 73 
 
 Trenton S,- JV. Bruns 
 wick Railroad. 
 
 Kingston 114 
 
 Princeton I 4 
 
 Trenton 10 
 
 Morrisville, Pu. ..1 1 
 Phiiadclvhia &' Trenton 
 Railroad. 
 
 Bristol I 91 6E 
 
 Stenmboat. 
 Philadelphia... 1191 8? 
 Philadelphii, Wilming- 
 ton, &,■ Baltimore RR. 
 
 Gray's Ferry 
 
 Lazaretto 
 
 Chester 
 
 Marcus' Hook... 
 Naaman's Creek 
 Wilmington... 
 
 Newport 
 
 Stanton 
 
 Newark 
 
 Elkton 
 
 Northeast 
 
 Charlestown 
 
 Cecil 
 
 Havre tie Grace . 
 Hall's ><! Roads.. 
 
 Perry man's 
 
 Gunpowder 
 
 Harewood 
 
 Chase's 
 
 Steinmer's Run . 
 
 Canton 
 
 Baltiiviore 
 
 Baltimore &■ Ohio R.R. 
 
 Relay House I 81193 
 
 Washington Br. RR. 
 
 Elkridge Land'g . 
 Annapolis June... 
 
 Beltsville 
 
 Bludenshurg 
 
 Washington ... 
 
 6|-22j 
 
 (136) F'm New York 
 
 to Geneva, 
 Via Piermont, Owego, 
 
 and Ithaca. 
 To Owego— I I 
 
 (see No. 131)... I 1211 
 Ithaca Sr Owego Rail- 
 road. 
 
 Candor 
 
 Wilseyville 
 
 Ithaca* 
 
 Steamboat. 
 
 Ludlowville 
 
 Frog Point 
 
 Sheldrake Point. 
 
 Aurora 
 
 Levanna 
 
 Springport 
 
 Cayuga Bridge . 
 
 \ .Auburn and Rochester] 
 Railroad. 
 
 I Seneca Falls I r.|287 
 
 VV^titerloo 4 .^l 
 
 I Geneva I /IJ9S 
 
 I* To Ithaca (as 
 
 above) 
 
 Stage. 
 
 •lacksonvijle.. 
 [Trumansburg 
 
 j Covert 
 
 j Farmer 
 
 Lodi 
 
 Ovid 
 
 Romulus 
 
 i Varick 
 
 j West Fayette 
 
 Geneva 
 
 (137) Fr'm Peekskill 
 to Danbury, Ct. 
 
 To Yorktown .... 
 
 Somers 
 
 Salem 
 
 N. Salem 
 
 Ridgebury, Ct. .. 
 Danbury 
 
 
 240 
 
 8 
 
 248 
 
 H 
 
 2,-11 
 
 H 
 
 254 
 
 4 
 
 2o8i 
 
 5 
 
 2H3| 
 
 
 ■.w 
 
 H 
 
 2741 
 
 H 
 
 ■i77 
 
 4 
 
 2S1 
 
 y 
 
 ■M' 
 
 (138) F'm Sing Sing to 
 Pawling's. 
 
 To Pine's Bridge. 
 
 Somers 
 
 Owensville 
 
 Southeast , 
 
 Patterson 
 
 Pawling's 
 
 (139) F'm Po'keepsie 
 
 TO N.MlLFORD, Ct. 
 
 To Manchester 
 
 Bridge 
 
 Arthursburg.. . . 
 Beekmantown.. 
 
 Poughquag 
 
 Pawling's 
 
 Quaker Hill.... 
 
 Siierman 
 
 New Milford 
 
 (140) F'm POUGHKEEP. 
 
 siE TO West Corn- 
 wall, Ct. 
 
 To Pleasant Val 
 
 ley 
 
 Washington Hol- 
 
 Hartsville 
 
 Mabbetsville 
 
 Ijithgow 
 
 Amenia 
 
 Leedsville 
 
 Amenia Union... 
 
 Sharon, Ct 
 
 W. Cornwall .. 
 4 
 
 (141) Fr'm Hur.soN to 
 Gr't Barrington. 
 
 ToCIaverack .... 
 Smoky Hollow.., 
 
 Hillsdale 
 
 S. Egremont, Ms 
 Gr. BarringtonI 5 
 
 (142) From Hudson 
 TO New Lebanon 
 Springs. 
 
 Hudson iSr Berkshire 
 
 Railroad. 
 To Mellenville .. 
 
 Ghent 
 
 Cliatham 4 Cor's 
 
 Stage. 
 New Lebanon... 
 New Lebanon 
 Springs 
 
 (143) Fr'm Albany to 
 Pittsfield, Mass. 
 
 To Schodack Cen- 
 tre 
 
 Nassau 
 
 Brainard's Bridge 
 
 Mortii's Store 
 
 New Lebanon 
 
 New Lebanon 
 Springs 
 
 Pittsfield 
 
 (144) Fr'm Albany to 
 
 Boston. 
 ToGreenbush....! I 1 
 Mbany &,- JVest Stock- 
 bridge Railroad. 
 
 Schodack 
 
 Kinderhook... 
 
 Chatham 
 
 E. Chatham... 
 
 Canaan 
 
 State Line 
 
 Western Railroad. 
 
 Richmond 3i 41 
 
 Shaker Village... 3, 44 
 
 Pittsfield 
 
 Dalton 
 
 Hinsdale 
 
 Washington 
 
 North Becket 
 
 Chester Factory.. 
 Chester Village... 
 
 Russell 
 
 Westfield 
 
 W. Springfield... 
 
 Springfield 
 
 Wilbraham 
 
 N. Wilbraham... 
 
 Palmer 
 
 Warren 
 
 W. Brooktield.... 
 
 5 49 
 5 54 
 3 57 
 5 62 
 3 65 
 lo! 75 
 81 
 84 
 
 8'100 
 2J02 
 6108 
 3111 
 6117 
 10127 
 41131 
 
74 
 
 ROUTES IN NEW YORK. 
 
 S. Brookfield 
 E. Brooktield 
 
 Spencer 
 
 Chnrlton 
 
 Cliippville i 4 147 
 
 Worcester ' 9156 
 
 Boston and Worcester 
 Railroad. 
 
 Grafton 
 
 Westboro' 
 
 Southboro' 
 
 Hopkinton 
 
 Frtiiningham.... 
 
 Nutick 
 
 Needham 
 
 Newton 
 
 Angler's Corner. 
 
 Brighton 
 
 Boston 
 
 2, 133 1 1 Stage. 
 
 3136 Fortsville 
 
 21138 Sandy Hil 
 
 5143 
 
 6162 
 6168 
 4172 
 
 4il76 
 3179 
 
 41183, 
 4|187i 
 4 191; 
 2193! 
 21195' 
 
 (145) Fr'm Albany to 
 Bennington, Vt. 
 
 To Troy 
 
 I.ansiiigburg . 
 Raymertown. 
 
 Pittstown 
 
 Hoosick 
 
 Bennington. 
 
 Kingsbury 
 
 Fort Ann 
 
 Whitehall. 
 
 (148) Fr'm N. York to 
 
 Whitehall, 
 
 Via Albany Sf Troy. 
 
 Steamboat. 
 To Albany— 
 
 (see No. 128) .. 
 „^ Stage. 
 
 Watervliet 
 
 Troy 
 
 Lansingburg 
 
 VVaterford 
 
 Mechanicsville... 
 
 Stillwater 
 
 Bemus' Heights.. 
 
 Schuylersville 
 
 Northumberland . 
 Fort Miller 
 
 j--^; I Fort Edward. 
 23 Sandy Hill. 
 
 (146) Fr'm Albany to 
 
 Lake George, 
 
 Via Saratoga Springs 
 
 and Glenn's Falls. 
 
 Mokawk and Hudson 
 
 Railroad. 
 ToSchenectadyI 1 16 
 
 Saratoga. ^- Schenecta- 
 dy Railroad. 
 Re.\ ford Flats .... 
 
 Burnt Hills 
 
 Ballstoii Centre... 
 
 B.illston 
 
 Saratoga Sp'gs. 
 Stage. 
 
 Wilton 
 
 Fortsville 
 
 Glenn's Falls . 
 Caldwell (at the 
 
 foot of Lake 
 
 George) 
 
 (147) Fr'm Albany to 
 Saratoga Springs 
 and Whitehall, 
 Via Troy. 
 
 ToTroy 1 1 6 
 
 Rensselaer (\- Saratoga 
 Railroad. 
 
 Waterford 4 
 
 JVIephaiiirsville... 8 
 
 BallstonSp.i 12 
 
 Saratoga Sp'os. 7 
 
 10 
 18 
 30 
 37 
 
 Kingsbury 
 
 Fort Aon 
 
 Comstock's Land- 
 ing 
 
 Whitehall 
 
 (149) Fr'm Albany to 
 
 Montreal, 
 
 (Winter Route,) 
 
 Via Glenn's Falls S,- 
 
 Plattsburgh. 
 To Glenn's Falls 
 
 (see No. 146) .. 
 
 Caldwell 
 
 Warrensbnrg 
 
 (^hestertown 
 
 Schroon Ijake... 
 Sfhroon River . . 
 Elizabethtown .. 
 
 JiCwis 
 
 Keeseville 
 
 Peru 
 
 Plattsburgh.. 
 House's Point ... 
 LaColle, CJan... 
 
 Napierville 
 
 Douglassville 4 212 
 
 St. Philip 6i218 
 
 La Prairie 6224 
 
 Across St. Law. I 
 
 retire to I I 
 
 Montreal 9233 
 
 (loO) F'm Albany to 
 
 Buffalo. 
 Mohawk and Hudson 
 
 Railroad. 
 To Schenectady . . I i It 
 
 Utica and Schenectadjf 
 Railroad. 
 
 Hoftman's 
 
 Cranesville 
 
 Amsterdam 
 
 Tribe's Hill 
 
 Fonda 
 
 Spraker's 
 
 Palatine Bridge . 
 
 Fort Plain 
 
 Palatine Church. 
 St. Johnsville ... 
 
 Little Falls 
 
 Herkimer 
 
 Schuyler 
 
 Utica 
 
 Syracuse &,- Utica Rail 
 
 rond. 
 Whitesboro' .. 
 
 Oriskany 
 
 [ Rome 
 
 Verona Centre 
 Oneida Depot , 
 Wampsville.. . 
 
 Canastota 
 
 (Jhittenango... 
 
 Manlius 
 
 Syracuse 
 
 Auburn and Si/racuse 
 Railroad. 
 
 Geddes 
 
 Camillus 
 
 Elbridge 
 
 Skaneatelas June. 
 
 Sennet 
 
 Auburn 
 
 97i 
 101 i 
 1081 
 117 
 121 
 124: 
 
 127; 
 
 133 
 137 
 147, 
 
 3207 
 
 1208 
 
 3211 
 
 6 216 , 
 
 219 
 
 31223 
 
 .'t23l 
 
 I2I243 , 
 
 4 247 
 
 4I25I 
 
 Tonawanda Railroad. 
 
 Auburn and Rochester , 
 Railroad. ,i 
 
 Cayuga Bridge. 
 Seneca Falls . . . 
 
 Waterloo 
 
 Geneva 
 
 Oak's Corners.. 
 
 E. Vienna 
 
 W. Vienna 
 
 Clifton Springs. 
 Short's Mills.... 
 
 Chupinsville 
 
 Canandaigua... 
 
 Victor 
 
 Pittsford 
 
 FUighton 
 
 Rochester . . 
 
 14 265 
 
 4269 
 
 27ti 
 
 Chnrchville 
 Rergen . . . 
 
 Byron 
 
 Batavia .. 
 Alexander 
 Attica . . 
 
 Attica Sr Buffalo Rail 
 road 
 
 Darien 
 
 Alden 
 
 f>iinrasler 
 
 Buffalo 
 
 294 
 
 10315 
 IOL23 
 
ROUTES IN NEW YORK. 
 
 051) From Troy to 
 
 schknectady. 
 Schenectady and Troy 
 
 Rn it road. 
 ToSche.nkctadyI 1 20 
 
 052) From Troy to 
 Whitehall. 
 
 To Liinsingburgh. 
 
 Junction 
 
 JScliagticoke 
 
 Enstoii 
 
 Greenwich 
 
 N. Greenwich... 
 
 Argyle 
 
 Hartfcrd 
 
 N. Granville 
 
 Whitehall 
 
 053) From Troy to 
 Hancock, Muss. 
 
 To Wyntint's Kill 
 
 Sand Lake 
 
 Alps 
 
 Stephentown 
 
 Hancock 
 
 I ^ 
 
 7 11 
 3 14 
 
 8 22 
 3l 25 
 
 054) From Troy to 
 
 Burlington, Vt. 
 
 Via Castleton. 
 
 To Troy 
 
 Lansingburgh 
 
 Junction 
 
 Tomhannock 
 
 Prospect Hill 
 
 Buskirk's Bridge. 
 
 Cambridge 
 
 Jacksiin 
 
 Salem 
 
 Hebron 
 
 (Jranville 
 
 W. PouHney,Vt.. 
 
 ("nstletoii 
 
 Burlington — 
 (see No. 39).... 
 
 149 
 
 055) F'm Albany to 
 
 Syracu.se, 
 Via Cherry Valley and 
 
 jMarrisville. 
 To Guilderland .. 
 
 Dunnsville 
 
 Huauesburg 
 
 Esperance 
 
 Sloiinsville 
 
 Carlisle 
 
 Sharon 
 
 Sharon Springs .. 
 
 Leesville 
 
 Cherry Valley 
 
 E. Springfield 
 
 Springfield 
 
 Warren 
 
 Richfield Springs. 
 
 Winfield 
 
 Bridgewater 
 
 Sangertield 
 
 Madison 
 
 MORRISVILLK.. 
 
 Nelson 
 
 Cazenovia 
 
 Gran 
 
 Manlius 
 
 Fayetteville 
 
 De Witt 
 
 Syracuse 
 
 ' Hastings 
 
 Yonkers 
 
 Fort Lee, N. J. .. 
 Manhiittaiiville. .. 
 New York 
 
 21125 
 
 3128 
 7!l35 
 2137 
 8.145 
 
 056) Fr'm Albany to 
 
 Binghamton. 
 To Guilderland .. 9 
 
 Kiiowersville 
 
 Knox 
 
 Gallupsville 
 
 Schoharie 
 
 Puirchkill 
 
 Cobleskill 
 
 Richmondville .. 
 East Worcester . 
 
 Worcester 
 
 Maryland 
 
 Colliersville 
 
 Oneonto , 
 
 Otego 
 
 Unadilla 
 
 Biiinbr.dge 
 
 f^. Bainbridge ... 
 
 Nineveh 
 
 Harpersvilie 
 
 Colesville , 
 
 Binghamton ... 
 
 St 
 
 9ti 
 103 
 
 107 1 (158) Fr'm Cattskill 
 113 { TO Canajoharie. 
 
 in! To Leeds 4 
 
 Cairo 6 10 
 
 Winansville 7 17 
 
 Durham 6 23 
 
 Oakhill 
 
 Preston Hollow... 4 
 
 Livingstonville... 4 
 
 ^.i Middlebury 
 
 io Schoharie 
 
 4 
 6 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 ' 120 
 5J125 
 
 3123 
 10 133 
 
 (157) Fr'm Albany to 
 New York. 
 
 Overslaugh 
 
 Castleton 
 
 Coeymans 
 
 New Baltimore... 
 
 Kinderhouk 
 
 Coxsackie 
 
 Hudson 
 
 Cattskill 
 
 Saugerties 
 
 Upper Red Hook, 
 j Lower Red flook. 
 
 iRhinebeck 
 
 iPelham 
 
 9 I Hyde Park 
 
 15 jl'oUGHKEEPSIE.. 
 
 19!iMiiton 
 
 25 [New Hamburgh.. 
 
 29:Newburgh 
 
 35!JCornwall 
 
 39 iK^.ld Spring 
 
 42 i West Point 
 
 45|)(;aldwell's L'd'g. 
 oljjVerplanck's Ft. .. 
 
 55jjSingSing 
 
 57] Tarry town 
 
 60j Piermont 
 
 64 liDobb's Ferry 
 
 Sloansville 
 
 Hoot 
 
 Spraker's Basin , 
 Canajoharie ., 
 
 (159) Fr'm Cattskill 
 to Ithaca. 
 
 , To Leeds 
 
 Cairo 
 
 iAcra 
 
 Is. Durham 
 
 'Union Society.. 
 
 I Windham 
 
 IScienceville 
 
 Prattsville 
 
 Mooresville 
 
 I Stamford 
 
 iHobart 
 
 .^. Kortwrigbt.. 
 
 Bloomville 
 
 Delhi. 
 
 47 
 51 
 55 
 
 60 
 67 
 74 
 81 
 90 
 91 
 96 
 103 
 
 no 
 
 113 
 119 
 122 
 126 
 1.30 
 33 
 144 
 150 
 153 
 162 
 
 (160) F'm Newburgh 
 TO Goshen. 
 
 3 
 
 12 W. Meredith. 
 
 Franklin , 
 
 Sidney 
 
 ; Unadilla 
 
 j Sidney Plains , 
 
 ' Bainbridge 
 
 |Coventryvill ., 
 
 Coventry 
 
 I Greene 
 
 ■Geneganslet.. . 
 iTriangle 
 
 Whitney's Poi 
 'Lisle 
 
 Richford 
 
 I Caroline 
 
 Slatersville... . 
 
 Ithaca 
 
 To New Windsor 
 Salisbury Mills... 
 
 118j Blooming Grove.. 
 
 121 Hamptonburg 
 
 2123IIG0SHEN 
 
 ' 9 
 2 11 
 5 16 
 4 20 
 
76 
 
 ROUTES IN NEW YORK. 
 
 C161) F'm Nevvburgh 
 TO Barcelona, 
 (Lake Erie.) 
 To Coldeiiham 
 Montgomery . . 
 
 Bullville 
 
 Bloomingburg 
 Barcelona— 
 CseeNo.l31)...34a 
 
 372 
 
 (162) F'm Amsterdam 
 to northvillk. 
 
 To Perth 
 
 Broadalbin 
 
 Union Mills 
 
 Northampton 
 
 Osborne's Bridge. 
 Northville 
 
 From Fonda toI 
 Johnstown ...| 
 
 (163) From Little 
 Falls to Trenton. 
 
 To Eatonville... 
 
 Fairfield 
 
 Middleville 
 
 Newport 
 
 Poland 
 
 Russia 
 
 Trenton Falls . . . 
 Trenton 
 
 (164) From Utica to 
 Sackett's Harbor. 
 
 To S. Trenton . . . 
 
 Trenton 
 
 Remsen 
 
 Booneville 
 
 Leyden 
 
 Turin 
 
 Houseville 
 
 Martinsburg 
 
 Lowviile 
 
 Stow's Square . . . 
 
 Denmark 
 
 Champion 
 
 Rutland 
 
 Watertown 
 
 Brownville 
 
 Sackett's Har. 
 bor 
 
 Heuveltnn I 81 11911 (170) F'm Watertowx 
 
 Ogdknsburg — I 7|126| to Cape Vinuent. j 
 
 (166) From Rome to J",^;^^"*;^;";; 
 
 Chaumont 
 
 I 10 iThree-mileBiiy 
 9 19 Cape Vincent .. 
 
 Turin. 
 
 To W.Branch.. 
 
 W. Leyden 
 
 Constablesville.. 
 Turin— 
 (see No. 164) . . 
 
 (165) From Utica to 
 Ogdensburg, 
 Via Denmark. 
 
 To Denmark — 
 (see No. 164) . 
 
 Carthage 
 
 VVilna ! 5 
 
 Antwerp 12 
 
 Somerville .... 
 (iouverneur . . . 
 
 Richville 
 
 DeKalb 
 
 (171) F'm Sackett's 
 Harbor to Pier- 
 pont's Manor. 
 (167) From Rome to To Smithville ..., 
 
 Oswego. 
 
 To McConnells- 
 
 ville 
 
 Camden 
 
 W. Camden 
 
 Wiliiarnstown ... 
 
 Union Square 
 
 Mexico 
 
 New Haven 
 
 Scriba 
 
 Oswego 
 
 Belleville i 6 
 
 tEllisburg 4 
 
 J4 iPierpont's Manor.l 3 
 
 I*. (172) F'm Syracuse to ^ 
 fSi: Oswego. 
 
 45! ToSalina 
 49 1 Liverpool 
 54 1 Clay.. 
 
 (168) F'm Syracuse to 
 Ogdensburg, 
 
 Via Watertown. 
 
 To Salina 
 
 Cicero 
 
 Brevverton 
 
 Central Square... 
 
 Hastings 
 
 Colosse 
 
 Union Square .... 
 
 Richland 
 
 Sandy Creek 
 
 Mannsville , 
 
 Adams 
 
 Appling 
 
 Watertown .. 
 
 Evans's Mills 
 
 Philadelphia 
 
 Antwerp 
 
 Oxbow 
 
 Rossie 
 
 Hammond 
 
 M<jrristovvn 
 
 Ogdensburg..., 
 
 Fulton ... 
 Oswego . 
 
 (173) Fr'm Oswego to 
 
 Rochester. 
 To N. Sterling 
 Little Sodus.. 
 
 Red Creek 
 
 IWolcott 
 
 i Huron 
 
 I Port Glasgow 
 
 Alton 
 
 I Sodus 
 
 i Williamson .. 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Webster 
 
 [Rochester . 
 
 (174) F'm Oswego t<>4 
 79 jl Ogdensburg, i 
 86 ij Via Kingston, Canada.^ 
 99 1| Steamboat. ' 
 
 lOe! To Sackett's Har- 
 
 112 bor 
 
 122r Kingston, Canada < 
 1331 French Creek .. 
 Alexandria. 
 
 F'm Ogdensburg I Brockville, Can. . 
 
 TO Plattsburg. 
 
 To Lisbon 
 
 Waddington 
 
 Madrid 
 
 'Norfolk 
 
 IMassena 
 
 Racket River 
 
 Hogansbtirg 
 
 Fort Covington .. 
 
 W. Constable 
 
 E. Constable 
 
 Cliateaugay 
 
 Ellenburg 
 
 iPLATTSBURGH... 
 
 Morristown. 
 Ogdensburg. 
 
 (175) Fr'm Oswego TO' 
 Lewiston. ) 
 
 Steamboat. 
 
 18 
 
 27 
 
 35 
 
 461 
 
 52 To Sodus Bay.... 
 
 60 Pultneyville 
 
 68 1 Genesee River 
 
 73 Oak Orchard C'k 
 
 80| Olcott 
 
 92 Fort Niagara 
 
 105| Youngstown 
 
 132liLKWlST0N 
 
 12 30 
 30 60 
 401100 ' 
 20120- 
 18 138 < 
 1139* 
 6!l4oi 
 
ROUTES IN NEW YORK. 
 
 77 
 
 (176) From Palatine 
 Bridge to Bingham- 
 
 TON, 
 
 Via Cooperstown, 
 
 To Canajoharie . . 
 
 Buel 
 
 Cherry Valley 
 
 Cooperstown 
 
 HartwickSemin'y 
 
 Milford 
 
 Colliersville 
 
 BiNGHAMTON— 
 
 (see No. 15ti) . . . 
 
 (177) From Utica to 
 
 BiNGHAMTON. 
 
 To W.Hartford.. 
 
 Paris 
 
 Waterville 
 
 Madison 
 
 Bouckville 
 
 Hamilton 
 
 Earleville 
 
 Sherburne 
 
 N. Norwich 
 
 Norwich 
 
 Oxf. r,l 
 
 S. Oxford 
 
 Greene 
 
 C'henangro Forks.. 
 
 BiNGHAMTON 
 
 (180) From Utica to 
 
 Cooperstown 
 To Frankfort Hill 
 
 Litchtield 
 
 Columbia 
 
 Richfield Springs. 
 
 Oakville 
 
 Cooperstown .. 
 
 (178) From Utica to 
 
 Ithaca, 
 Via Cortland Village. 
 
 To New Hartford. 
 
 Clinton 
 
 Deansville 
 
 Oriskany Falls ... 
 
 Madison 
 
 Bouckville 
 
 Eaton 
 
 Erieville 
 
 New Woodstock. 
 
 De lluyter 
 
 Cuyler 
 
 Truxton 
 
 Hoiner 
 
 Cortland Vil- 
 lage. 
 
 McLean 
 
 Dryden 
 
 Ithaca 
 
 (179) From Ithaca TO 
 Bainbridge. 
 
 (181) From Coopers 
 TOWN TO Ithaca. 
 
 To Burlington j 
 
 Edmeston 6 
 
 Sherburne 15 
 
 Otselic 15 
 
 De Ruyter I 9 
 
 Ithaca— I 
 
 (see No. 178) ...143 
 
 (182) From Railroad 
 Depot to N. Wood- 
 stock. 
 
 To Chittenango . 
 
 Cazenovia 
 
 New Woodstock 
 (see No. 178) .. 
 
 16 
 
 (183) F'm Syracuse TO 
 
 Jthaca, 
 Via Cortland Village. 
 
 To Onondaga Hol- 
 low 
 
 Cardiff 
 
 Tully 
 
 Homer 
 
 Cortland 
 
 Ithaca 
 
 (see No. 178) . . . 
 
 (184) F'm Syracuse to 
 Skaneateles. 
 
 ToGeddes 
 
 "^oiCamilius 
 
 ^ijElbridge.... . 
 
 ^j|hk;ineateles June, 
 43 [Skaneateles ... 
 
 53J(185) Fr'mAuburnto 
 58; Ithaca. 
 
 liTo Fleming.... 
 
 ijThe Square 
 
 ' Sciiiioville 
 
 j Poplar Ridge... 
 j Ledyard 
 
 King's Ferry ... 
 
 Eansingville ... 
 
 Ludlowville.. .. 
 
 Ithaca 
 
 To Sauquoit 
 
 Paris Furnace... 
 
 Bridgewater 
 
 VV. Edn)eston... 
 
 New Berlin 
 
 Mt. Upton 
 
 Bainbridge 
 
 3i 29 
 10: 39 
 
 (186) Fr'm Auburn to 
 Oswego. 
 
 Tn Sennet ] 5 
 
 Weedsport 3 8 
 
 Cato 8 16 
 
 Ira I 6l 22 
 
 Hannibal 
 
 Kinney's Corners.! 
 Oswego I 8| 41 
 
 (187) From Geneva to 
 Ithaca. 
 
 To W. Fayette. . 
 
 Ovid 
 
 Farmersville . . . . 
 Trumansburg ... 
 Ithaca 
 
 (188) From Geneva TO 
 
 Elmira & Corning. 
 
 Steamboats on Seneca 
 
 hake. 
 
 To Salubria* . 
 Stage. 
 
 Havanna 
 
 Millport 
 
 Fairport 
 
 Elmira 
 
 42 
 
 * ToSalubria....! 1 39 
 
 W. Catlin I 9 48 
 
 Hornby ! 5 53 
 
 Corning 81 61 
 
 (189) From Geneva TO 
 Bath. 
 
 To Benton 
 
 Penn Yan 
 
 Barrington 
 
 Wayne 
 
 Urbanna 
 
 Cold Spring Mills 
 Bath 
 
 (190) From Geneva to 
 Conhocton. 
 
 ToGorham 
 
 Rushville 
 
 Middlesex 
 
 Naples 
 
 N. Conhocton. 
 Conhocton .. 
 
 (191) From Geneva to 
 Oswego. 
 
 To Junius 
 
 Marengo 
 
 Clyde 
 
 Kose 
 
 Wolcott 
 
 Oswego— 
 (see No. 173) ... 25 
 
 11 
 
 14 
 19 
 24 
 31 
 
 56 
 
 (192) F'm Canandaigua 
 
 TO Erie, Pa. 
 
 Via G en eseo, Franklin- 
 
 ville, (S- Jamestown. 
 
 To Bristol I I 8 
 
 Allen's Hill 5 13 
 
 W. Richmond....! Sl 16 
 
78 
 
 ROUTES IX NEW YORK. 
 
 Livonia 
 
 Lakevilie 
 
 Geneseo 
 
 Moscow 
 
 Perry 
 
 Castile 
 
 E. Pike 
 
 Pike 
 
 Centrevilie 
 
 Fuirview 
 
 Fiirrnersville 
 
 Fninklinville 
 
 Ellicottsville 
 
 Little Valley 
 
 Napoli 
 
 Rundolph 
 
 Waterboro' 
 
 Levant 
 
 Jamestown 
 
 Harmony | 8137 
 
 Panama i 6il43 
 
 Clynier 101153 
 
 Wattsburg, Pa... lOltJS 
 Erie llsllSl 
 
 C193) F'm Rochester 
 TO Glean 
 
 100 
 
 5!ll3 
 
 61119 
 
 51124 
 
 129 
 
 To Henrietta.. 
 
 Rush 
 
 Avon 
 
 S. Avon 
 
 Geneseo 
 
 Mt. Morris — 
 15 rook's Grove 
 Nunda Valley . 
 
 (Jrove 
 
 Allen 
 
 Angelica 
 
 HobbieviUe ... 
 Friendship — 
 
 Cuba 
 
 Hinsdale 
 
 Olean 
 
 Middleport I 31 4611 Sheldon .... 
 
 Reynold's Basin.. 3 491 Johnsonburg 
 LocKPORT I 9! SSjjOrangeville. 
 
 Lockport and Miagara 1 1 Po—"^ 
 
 |j Perry 
 
 Falls RR. 
 
 Pekin 
 
 Junction Lewis- 
 ton RR.* 
 
 Niagara Falls. 
 
 ^Oi Geneseo 
 
 7(5 i (201) F'm Buffalo to 
 fio 1 Olean. 
 
 » „ ., „ , .. To Hamburg. 
 * 3 miles from Junction g^,g[y,, 
 to Lewiston. ^ 
 
 Springtield .... 
 
 Rochester to Lew- 1 I IjAshford 
 
 iston I I 79! Ellicottsville 11 
 
 i Great Valley 7 
 
 From Rochester to chapelsburg... 
 
 Lockport. , Burton 8 71 
 
 On the north road. I 164IOlean 4 75 
 
 (202) F'm Buffalo to 
 Erie, Pa. 
 
 (196) F'm Rochester 
 TO Charlotte. 
 
 To Hanford's 
 
 Landing ... 
 
 Charlotte .... 
 
 4l 7 
 
 (197) F'M Batavia TOii^''y'"S;,- 
 Lockport. ! »Mver l.i 
 
 To Hamburg (on 
 
 the Lake) 
 
 E. Evans 
 
 Evans 
 
 Creek... 
 
 Slieriden 
 
 ToOakfield I 8 Fredonia . .. . 
 
 Alabama 6; 14 yaleni ?< Roads 
 
 Royalton 9 23 Portland 
 
 Lockport 91 32, Westtield 
 
 Il Ripley 
 
 (198) F'm Batavia to jNorthville, Pu. 
 
 buffalo. 
 To E. Pembroke 
 Pembroke 
 
 ^j[Nevv.st€ad 
 
 '"jl Clarence 
 
 /OiWilliamsville ... 
 
 83 Eiysville 
 
 (194) F'm Rochester 
 
 TO Moscow. 
 ToO'Connellsville 
 
 Scotsville 
 
 V^^heatland 
 
 Caledonia 
 
 York 
 
 Greigsville 
 
 Moscow^ 
 
 (195) F'm Rochester 
 TO NiAGAR.*. Falls, 
 Via Lockport. 
 To Adam's Basin, 
 
 Brockport 
 
 Holley 
 
 Halburton 
 
 Albion 
 
 Knowlesviile 
 
 Medina 
 
 Shelby Basin 
 
 Buffalo 
 
 (199) F'm Buffalo to 
 
 I Northeast 
 7 Harbor Creek ....| 5i 83 
 
 iq'IWestleyville 4i 87 
 
 17 Erie ! 4191 
 
 21! (203) F'm Buffalo to 
 29 j Chicago, 
 
 §1 ' Via Cleveland, Detroit, 
 '*°il and J\Jackinac. 
 
 Strambuat. 
 
 YouNosTOWN, I To Dunkirk.... 
 Via Niagara Falls. \ \ ^'X,"§;^; •::;;: 
 Buffalo and Xiagara Coniieaut. 6hi( 
 
 Falls RR. I Ashtabnla 
 
 To Black Rock .. I 1 3 Grand River... . 
 
 Tonawanda i 8 11 Clevelanp. . . . 
 
 Niagara Falls. Ill] 22 Black River.... 
 
 Lockport and J^Tiagara gmidusky.... ..'. 
 
 Detroit, Micl 
 Fort Gratiot 
 
 Falls RR 
 To Junction Lew 
 
 iston RR 
 
 Lewiston 
 
 Stage. 
 
 YOUNGSTOWN .. 
 
 28 Point auBarqne 
 31 Thunder Baylsl 
 
 iPresquelsle 
 
 37 Mackinac 
 
 , „ „. „ IVlanitou Island. 
 
 (200) F'm Buffalo to Milwaukie, 
 
 Geneseo. [ Wis 
 
 ToE. Hamburg..! I 12 Racine 
 
 Willink 6 IBiiSonthport ... 
 
 Wales 1 6l 24I1Chicago. 111. . . 
 
 45 
 
 61 
 91 
 121 
 
 135 
 165 
 195 
 
 222 
 242 
 252 
 327 
 399 
 474 
 549 
 629 
 694 
 797 
 
 947 
 972: 
 985 
 1043; 
 
ROUTES IN NEW YORK. 
 
 79 
 
 (204) F'mPlattsburg 
 TO Ogdensburg. 
 
 To Elleiibiirg. 
 Chiiteaugay.. . 
 
 Maloiie 
 
 Bangor 
 
 Dickinson 
 
 Nicholville 
 
 Hopliinville ... 
 
 Parishville 
 
 Potsdam 
 
 (^antun 
 
 Ogdensburg. 
 
 (205) From Buffalo 
 TO Albany. 
 
 Attica S,' Buffalo Rail- 
 road. 
 
 ] Auburn and Rochester 
 Railroad. 
 
 ! Bristiton 
 
 Pittsford 
 
 Victor 
 
 Canandaigiia 
 
 C-hapinsville 
 
 Short's Mills 
 
 Clifton Springs... 
 
 W. Vienna 
 
 E. Vienna 
 
 102' Oak's Corners 
 
 18:i20! Geneva 
 
 Waterloo 
 
 Seneca Falls 
 
 Cayuga Bridge... 
 Auburn 
 
 Chittenango , 
 
 Canastota 
 
 Wanipsville 
 
 Oneida Depot 
 
 Verona Centre . . , 
 
 Rome 
 
 Oriskany 
 
 Whitesboro' 
 
 Utica 
 
 4' 
 6198 
 
 3204 
 
 4f 
 
 9217 
 
 3l23I 
 
 I 10 
 10' 20 
 
 til 31; 
 
 To Lancaster 
 Allien .. 
 Darien.. 
 Attica 
 
 Tonaicanda Railroad. 
 Alexander... 
 
 Batavia 
 
 Byron 
 
 Bergen 
 
 Churchville . 
 Rochester 
 
 Utica and Schenectady 
 Railroad. 
 
 Schuyler 
 
 133 i Herkimer 7 246 
 
 137 I Little Falls 
 
 „ 142 St. Johnsville 10 
 
 10152 P"-'"t'ne Church.. 3 
 
 , ^ iFortPluin ' 
 
 Auburn and i.vracMse j| Palatine Bridge . 
 
 Railroad. 
 
 Sennet 
 
 Skaneateles June, 
 Elbridge 
 
 „ „,j Camillus 
 
 I 3| Geddes 
 
 ^ ^fj!, Syracuse 
 
 7 5H I Syracuse <$• Utica Rail- 
 
 road. 
 Maiilius 1101188 
 
 Spraker's. 
 
 Fonda 
 
 Tribe's Hill.. 
 Amsterdam . 
 Cranesville.. 
 Hoffman's... 
 Schenectady. 
 
 Mohawk and Hudson 
 
 Railroad. 
 Albany 1161325 
 
DESCRIPTION OF THE CENTRAL STATES, 
 
 AND 
 
 THE PRINCIPAL CITIES, TOWNS, WATERING- 
 PLACES, &c. 
 
 
 NEW JERSEY lies between 3[)° and 41° 24' N. 
 lat.,and between 74° and 75'^ 29' W. Ion. It is 163 
 miles long and 52 broad, containing 8,320 srjuare miles. 
 ; , Population in 1840, 373,306. 
 
 ^,j^ The northern part of the state is mountainous, being 
 Cf/ y -^ r\''^f^^ crossed by a branch of the Alleghany ridge; the mid- 
 '%r''^'{jll-)}^^ die portion is agreeal)ly diversified by hills and valleys, 
 ■.C'-*;y while the southern part is level, sandy, and mostly 
 
 covered with pines and a scanty growth of slirub oaks. The northern and mid- 
 dle portions of the state have a fertile soil. The Hudson and Delaware 
 rivers flow on the eastern and western sides of this slate. The Raritan is 
 navigable for sloops 17 miles to New Brunswick, and it enters Raritan 
 bay; the Passaic, navigable for small vessels for about 15 miles, and 
 enters into Newark bay; the Hackensack, navigable 15 miles, also enters 
 Newark bay ; Great Egg Harbor river, navigable 20 miles for small craft, 
 passes through a bay of the same name, and enters into the Atlantic. 
 The principal bays are Newark and Raritan ; Delaware bay is on its 
 southeastern border. It has two important capes, viz., Cape May, on 
 Delaware bay, and Sandy Hook, at the entrance of the bay of New York. 
 There are in this state two colleges, viz., the College of New Jersey, or 
 Nassau Hall, founded in 1738, and Rutger's College, in New Bruns- 
 wick, founded in 1770, with which is connected a Theological Seminary, 
 established in 1784, by the Dutch Reformed Church. There are in the 
 state about 70 academies and 1,250 common schools. 
 
 The government is vested in a governor, senate, and general assembly. 
 The senators are elected for three years, and the assemb'y are elected 
 annually. The legislature meet annually on the second Tuesday in 
 January. The governor is chosen for three years, and is ineligible for the 
 same otBce for the ne.\t three years. He must have attained tiie age of 30 
 years, and have resided seven years in the state, and been a citizen of the 
 United States for 20 years. Every white male citizen of the United 
 States of the age of 21 years, who shall have been a resident of the state 
 one year, and of the county five months, shall be a legal voter. Judges of 
 the Supreme Court, and the chancellor, are appointed by the governor anrf 
 senate for a term of 7 years; the judges of the Court of Common Pleas, 
 by the senate and assembly for five years. 
 
STATE OF NEW JERSEY. 81 
 
 The first settlement of New Jersey, was by the Dutch iibout 1614. On 
 the 19th of Dec, 1787, in convention, it adopted the constitution of the 
 United States by a unanimous vote. 
 
 Trenton, tlie capital of the state, is situated on the left bank of the 
 Delaware, and at the head of steamboat navigation, and is 59 miles from 
 New York. The city is regularly laid out, and has many handsome public 
 and private buildings. It contains a state-house, 2 banks, the State library, 
 state prison, a city-hall, a lyceum, 11 churches, 4 academies, and 6,000 in- 
 habitants. Tlie town was first settled in 1720, and is memorable for the 
 " Battle of Trenton." fought Dec. 25, 1776, when the enemy were routed 
 by tlie forces under Washington. Cars leave twice dailii for JV. York, (fare 
 $'2, ) for Pliiladelpkia, ( /nr e S 1 . 50. ) Stages leave 3 times a week for Man.-^JidiL 
 
 Princkton, '•''■►■•"• "^o ■"'■lo^ f-"'vi Me"? Yo--^ -s pie"s""*'y s'*u»*o'^ a'>d 
 neatly built. Population 2 100 It contduih 4 churches, a bank, and the 
 buildings of the 
 College of New 
 Jersey. This in- 
 Btitution was first 
 incorporated in 
 1746. JVassau 
 Hall, the princi 
 pal edifice, is 176 
 feet long, 50 fett 
 
 wide, and 4 stoi ics _ .,. . 
 
 high. It has a prtsi lent ' 1- [r t r r ih r i tru Ur^ 2 183 
 alumni, 263 students an 1 \.(M) \ Uimt > ii it lilririt^ it hi-, ako a 
 valuable philosophical, astronomical, and chemical apparatus, a mm- 
 eralogical cabinet, and a museum of natural history. The commence- 
 ment is on the last Wednesday in September. The Princeton Theological 
 Seminary of the Presbyterian Church, located here, has 5 professors, 120 
 students, and 7,000 volumes in its libraries. Its buildings are commodious. 
 Cars leave the Princeton depot twice daily for Philadelphia and for JVczo 
 York. Stages leave daily for Long Branch, via Freehold. 
 
 New Brunswick is situated on the right bank of the Raritan river, 
 31 miles from New York. It contains a court-house, jail, eight churches, 
 two banks, and 8,693 inhabitants. It is the seat of Rutger's College, 
 founded in 1770, which has a president, 9 professors or other instructors, 
 483 alumni, 85 students, and 1,200 volumes in its libraries. The com- 
 mencement is on the fourth Wednesday in July. Connected with the 
 college is a Theological Department, under the Dutch Reformed Church. 
 Carsleave twice daihifor J^ew York, {fare 50 cts. ;) and for Philadelphia — 
 stenmboats daily fur Mew York — stages 3 times a week for Enston, Pa. 
 
 Rahway, situated on both sides of Rahway river, 5 miles from it3 
 mouth, contains 5 churches, the Rahway Female Institute, an academy, 
 a bank, several manufacturing establishments, and 4.500 inhabitants. 
 Curs leave three times dnily for JVew York, and twice for Philadelphia. 
 
 Elizabethtown, 5 miles from Newark, has a court-house, a bank, 5 
 churches, 4 academies, and 2,.500 inhabitants. Cars leave several times 
 daily for JVew York, and for Somerville. 
 
 SoMERviLLE, ou the north side of Raritan river, is mostly built on one 
 street, and contains a court-house, 3 churches, an academy, and about 
 1,500 inhabitants. Cars leave daily for J^ew York via Elizabethport. 
 Stages leave daily for Easton, Pa. 
 
 4* 
 
82 
 
 STATE OF NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Newark is situated on the right bank of Passaic river, 3 miles from 
 
 ,"* <(k " ^t*VifiS9^^" •~-'^"^-" ''* entrance into 
 
 Newark hay, and 
 9 miles from New 
 York. It contains 
 a court-house, 3 
 banks, 25 church- 
 es, two libraries, 
 two literary and 
 scientific associa- 
 tions. 6 academies, 
 
 and 17,'2y0 nilial)it!ints. Two large public grounds, bordered with trees, 
 add much to the beauty of the place. Tlie city is abundantly supplied 
 with pure water from a fepruig two miles distant. Cars leave 9 tiines daily 
 for JVew York, (fare 25 cts.) and twice fur Philadelphia, and also for 
 MorristoiDU. Jl steambuat plies to J^ew York. 
 
 Jersey City, opposite to the city of New York, is beautifully situated 
 on the right bank of the Hudson, and contains 5 churches, several manu- 
 factories, and about 4,000 inhabitants. The New Jersey railroad com- 
 mences here, and in connection with other railroads extends to Camden, 
 opposite Philadelphia. The Paterson and Hudson railroad extends to 
 Paterson. The Morris canal also terminates here. In the war of the 
 Revolution, Powles Hook (as the place was then called) was occupied as 
 an outpost of the British army. It was surprised by Major Lee, on the 
 night of the 18th of August, 1779, and 159 prisoners taken. Steamboats 
 pit/ to JVew York every few minutes daily. 
 
 HoBOKEN is one mile north from Jersey City. The village has a church 
 and about 500 inhabitants. The grounds along the bank of the Hudson 
 have been laid out in gravelled walks, and embowered with shrubbery for 
 the distance of two miles, terminating at a beautiful lawn called the 
 Elysian Fields. Hoboken is much frequented in summer. Steamboats 
 ply every few mimites daily between it and the city of JVew York, at three 
 different ferries. 
 
 Paterson is situated on the right bank of the Passaic river, at the falls. 
 It contains a court-house, 14 churches, two banks, a philosophical society 
 with a library, an academy, several extensive cotton and other manu- 
 factories, and about 9,000 inhabitants. The river has here a perpen- 
 dicular descent of 70 feet, wiiich was formerly a very picturesque and in- 
 teresting cascade ; the effect however has been much diminished, by the 
 waters having been drawn oft" from the river above in race-ways, to 
 propel machinery. Cars arrive and deport twice daily for JVew York. 
 Stages leave 3 times a week for Milford, Pa. 
 
 Hackensack, situated on the right bank of Hackensack river, 14 miles 
 from New York, contains a court-house, four churches, 2 a^ctidemies, 2 
 seminaries, and 1,, 500 inhabitants. Stages leave dnily for JVew York. 
 
 AcQUACKANONCK, 12 miles from N. Y., has 3 churches, an academy, and 
 500 inhabitants. Blachley's JWineral Spring is li miles from the village. 
 MoRRisTowN, situated on an elevated plain, 22 miles from Newark, is 
 laid out in streets crossing each other at right angles, with a square in 
 the centre of the village. It contains a court-house, two banks, five 
 churches, an academy, and about 2,000 inhabitants. Morristown was at 
 two different periods the head-quarters of the American army during the 
 Revolution. Cars leave daily for JVew York. Stages leave 3 times a 
 week for J^Iilford, and also for Easton, Pa., via Schoolci/'s JMountain. 
 
STATE OF NEW JERSEY. 83 
 
 ,^,, \i ".^a^ Schooley^s Jilojintain is eighteen miles from 
 
 «a^j^ssS^f i tor^®e ^ Morristovvn. The Mineral Spring, vliich is oa 
 R^'Vfl^ ',;^,'-^i^^^M^\ tlie western declivity of the eminence, in a deep 
 .-lA." t M*^^ v5-i ^C*5^iP^C!.:i-a iit-iiie, contains muriate of soda, muriate of lime, 
 muriate of mngnesia, sulphate of lime, car- 
 bonate of magiiesia, silex, and carbonated oxydc 
 of iron. The pure air and the picturesque sce- 
 nery of this region render it a healthful and 
 plea^ant place of summer resort. 
 South Amuoy is situated on the right bank of the Karitan river, at its 
 entrance into Raritan b'ly. The village has an academy and about twenty- 
 five dwellings. Here comimnces the Camden and Amboy railroad. 
 (See route '207.) Amboy, on the north side of the river, contains four 
 churches, two academies, several manufacturing establishments, and about 
 one thousand tive hundred inhiihitants. Steamboats ply daily to .Kcw York. 
 FrekhoLD, built upon a plain a little elevated above the surrounding 
 country, has a court-house, 5 churches, two academies, and about 600 
 inhabitants. Tiiis village will ever be memorable in American history 
 as the scene of one of the most sanguinary battles of tiie Revolution, 
 fought June 28, 1778. Long Brunch on the sea-shore, 18 miles east from 
 Freehold, is a popular watering-place, much frequented. Sicamboats ply 
 daily to J^Tcio York, and a Hue of stages run to Philadelphia. 
 
 BoRDENTOVVN is Oil the left bank of the Delaware river, at the head of 
 steamboat navigation. This village is situated on the brow of a hill, and 
 aflbrds a magnificent view of the river and surrounding country. It 
 contains 4 churches, a female seminary, and about 1,800 inhabitants. 
 Cars pass through daily for J^ew York and Philadelphia. 
 
 Burlington, pleasantly situated on the left bank of the Delaware, 19 
 miles from Philadelphia, contains a city-hall, an arsenal, a lyceum, an 
 hospital, a bank, 7 churches, a public library, two seminaries, and 
 3,-00 inhabitants. Carspass daily from JSTew York and from Philadelphia. 
 Mount Holly is situated at the foot of an eminence of the same name 
 on the Rancocus creek, 7 miles from Burlington. It contain a court-house, 
 7 churches, a bank, a seminary, several extensive mnnufactories, and 2,000 
 inhabitants. Stages Icaiie daily for Burlington n^id for Runlintown. 
 
 Cape Island, near Cape May, 85 miles from " ^^ 
 
 Philadelphia, is a favorite watering-place. "°^ 
 
 There are here several hotels and boarding j=l.=- .. ^ "^ '_ -Tn™^ Wf 
 houses. In the summer months this island is >^^^^^^*^,'5 C"^-^"^^ 
 thronged with visitors, for the purpose of en ^^^^^^^^^y^$^ 
 joying the luxury of sea-bathing. Ji steam 
 boat {in snmmer) plies daily to Philadelphia ' "^S^^SSJ***^?"**^' j-^^w^. 
 
 Camden, on the Delaware, opposite the city ot I'hil idt iphia, is the 
 starting point of the cars for New York on the Camden and Amboy rail- 
 road, and is connected with Philadelpliia by several ferries. It contains a 
 bank, 5 churches, several extensive manufacturing establishment.s, and 
 about 4.000 inhabitants. Cars leave daily for J^Tew York, (fare $3.) 
 Stages leave daily for Cape Island via Woodbury, Salem, Bridgeton, S,c. 
 Woodbury, 9 miles from Philadelphia, is pleasantly situated on Wood- 
 bury creek, and has a court-house, 3 churches, an academy, two public 
 libraries, and about 1 ,000 inhabitants. 
 
 Salem, situated on a stream of the same name, is 34 miles from Phila- 
 delphia. It has a court-house, 8 churches, a bank, two public libraries, a 
 lyceum, an academy, and about 2,200 inhabitants. 
 
84 
 
 STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 and 42Q 
 N lat , and bet\\ een 74'^ mid 80° 40' W. Ion It is 307 
 miles long and 160 broad, containing 46,000 square 
 miles. The population in 1840, was 1,724,033. 
 
 The Alleghany Mountains cross the state from SW. 
 ' to NE., and there are many smaller ranges on each 
 bide of the principal ridge and parallel to it. The 
 , southeastern and northwestern parts of the state are 
 either level or moderately hilly. The soil is generally 
 good, and much of it is of a superior quality ; the best 
 land in the southeait is on both sides of the Susque- 
 hanna. Between the head waters of the Alleghany 
 and Lake Erie, the soil is very fertile. The antiiracite 
 coal region is immense. The Mauch Chunk, Schuylkill, and l>yken's 
 Valley coal-field extends from the Lehigh river, across the head waters of 
 the Schuylkill, and is 65 miles in length, with an average breadth of 
 about 5 miles. The Lackawanna coal-field extends from Carbondale, 
 on tlie Lackawannack, to ten miles below VVilkesbarre, on the Sus- 
 quehanna. The Shamokin field has been less explored. 
 
 The Delaware river washes the entire eastern border of the state, and 
 is navigable for ships to Philadelphia. The Lehigh, after a course of 75 
 miles, enters it at Easton. The Schuylkill, 130 miles long, unites with it 
 •6 miles below Philadelphia. The Susquehanna is a large river, which 
 rises in New York, flows south through this state, and enters the Chesa- 
 peake bay, in Maryland. It is much obstructed by falls and rapids. The 
 Juniata rises among the Alleghany Mountains, and after a course of 180 
 miles, enters the Susquehanna 11 miles above Harrisburg. The Alle- 
 ghany river, 400 miles long from the north, and the Monongahela, 300 
 miles long, unite at Pittsburg, and form the Ohio. The Youghiogeny is 
 a small river which flows into the Monongahela. 
 
 The governor is chosen by the people for three years, but cannot 
 hold the office more than 6 years in 9. He must be 30 years of age, and 
 have resided in the state for seven years. The sentite consists of 33 
 members, elected by the people for three years, one third being chosen 
 annually. A member must be 25 years of age, and have resided four 
 years in the state, and the last year in the district in which he is chosen. 
 The house of representatives consists of 100 members, elected annually 
 by the people. A member must be 21 years of age, have resided in the 
 state three years next preceding his election, and the last year in the dis- 
 trict for which he is chosen. All judicial ofiicers are appointed by the 
 governor, with the advice and consent of the senate. The judges of the 
 Supreme Court hold their offices for 15 years; those of the Court of 
 Common Picas hold theirs for 10 years ; and the associate judges of the 
 
STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 85 
 
 Court of Common Pleas hold theirs for five years. The secretary of state 
 is appointed by the governor, and holds office during his pleasure. The 
 treasurer is elected annually by the joint-ballot of both houses of the 
 legislature. Every white male citizen of the age of 21 years, who has re- 
 sided in the state for one year next preceding an election, and ten days in 
 the district where he offers his vote, and has paid a state or county tax, 
 enjoys the right of suffrage. The legislature meets annually at Harrisburg 
 on the first Tuesday in January. 
 
 The principal literary institutions are — the University of Pennsylvania, 
 at Philadelphia ; Girard College, do. ; Dickenson College, Carlisle ; Jeffer- 
 son College, Cannonsburg ; VVashington ('ollege, Washington ; Alleghany 
 College, Meadville ; Pennsylvania College. Gettysburg ; Lafayette College, 
 Easton ; Marshall College, IMercersburg. Besides these, there are the 
 Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, at Philadelphia ; 
 Jefferson Medical College, do. ; Medical Department of Pennsylvania 
 College, do. ; Theological Seminary of the Lutheran Church, Gettysburg; 
 German Reformed, York ; and the Western Theological Seminary, at 
 Pittsburg. There are about 300 academies and 5,000 common schools. 
 
 This state was first settled by the Swedes and Finns. William Penn ob- 
 tained a grant of it in 168L The constitution of the United States was 
 adopted in convention, Dec. 13th, 1787, yeas 46, nays 23. 
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^_j^ "- Pini.ArEi.PHiA, the metropolis of the 
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^S^^^^^s^H&si state, and the second city in the Union 
 in population and in manufactures, is in lat. 39" 57' 9" N.. and Ion. 75" 
 10' 37" W., 137 miles from Washington, and 88 from New York. Popu- 
 lation in 1840, 228,691. It is situated between the Delaware and Schuyl- 
 kill rivers, 5 miles above their junction, and extends from one to the 
 other. The rivers bounding it lie about two miles apart, in the narrowest 
 place. The city is 120 miles distant from the ocean by the course of the 
 Delaware. Its principal harbor is on the east, or Delaware river side, 
 where ships come up, and its foreign commerce centres. Philadelphia 
 has an extensive foreign, and a still greater domestic trade ; by means of 
 railroads and canals, it possesses facilities for commtmication with a great 
 extent of country, and shares with New York and Baltimore in the trade 
 of the great VVest. There is an air of great neatness, and of almost 
 peculiar cleanliness about this city ; but the extreme regularity of the 
 streets is tiresome. It was laid out in 1682, by Thomas Holme, the 
 first surveyor-general of the province. The ground selected was claimed 
 by three Swedes by the name of Swenson. who held a title for it, obtained 
 of the Dutch governor of N. Y., in 1664. This claim was purchased by Penn. 
 The public buildings, which are generally constructed of white marble, 
 are among the most elegant in the United States. The Custom-house, of 
 white marble, built on the model of the Parthenon — the Pennsylvania 
 Bank— the Mint of the United States — the Exchange, with Corinthian 
 columns, and comprising a spacious hall and newsroom, the post office, 
 &c.— the Girard Bank— Girard College — Masonic Hall, &c., are the public 
 
86 
 
 STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 buildings most remarkable for beauty ; but the most interesting, from its 
 venerable appearance and hititorical associations, is the Old Utate-house, 
 
 or Independence Hall. It 
 fronts on Chesnut-street, hav- 
 ing Independence stiuare in 
 its rear. It was finished in 
 1735. The wings, extending 
 from it to Fifth and Sixth 
 streets, are modern. In 1774 
 most of the wood-work of the 
 old steeple was taken down, 
 being much decayed, leav- 
 ing only a small belfry to 
 cover the town cKx k TIk b( ll tor the first steeple was imported 
 from England ni 17.")J, but ^\a^ bioken by accident when lirst put 
 up. A new one was cast in Philadelphia, under the direction of Isaac 
 Norris, then speaker of the Colonial Assembly, who caused to be in- 
 scribed on it this passage from Leviticus xxv. 10, as if prophetic of its 
 future use, "Proclaim Liberty thronghout this land, tinin all the in- 
 habitants thereof." Accordingly its joyous tones first proclaimed to 
 anxious thousands the declaration of American independence. The 
 chamber in wiiich the Declaration was signed is on the first floor, at the 
 eastern end of the old building, and presents the same appearance that it 
 did at the time that instrument was signed. 
 
 There are in the city 150 churches, many of them fine specimens of 
 architecture. The benevolent and charitable institutions are very numer- 
 ous. One of the oldest and most respectable is Pennsijlvavia Hospital, 
 founded in 1751. Its buildings are on the space bounded by Eight, Ninth, 
 Spruce, and Pine streets. Between the street and the building is a colossal 
 statue, in bronze, of William Penn. The Hospital contains a fine an- 
 atomical museum and a medical library. The Insane .Asylum, a branch 
 of the Hospital, is about two miles west of the Schuylkill. The United 
 States Marine Hospital or J^aval ..fJsylum is an elegant building on the 
 east bank of the Schuylkill, below Cedar-street. It is intended for invalid 
 seamen. The Mmshouse is on the west side of the Schuylkill river. The 
 Pennsylvania Institution for the Deaf and Dumb is at the corner of 
 Broad and Pine streets. The Pennsylvania Institution for the Instruction 
 of the Blind is in Race-street, near Schuylkill Third-street. Besides 
 these there may be mentioned, the Orphan's Asylum, the Asylum for 
 Indigent Widows and Single Women, Wills' Hospital for the Lame and 
 Bhnd, Preston Retreat, the Magdalene Asylum, Colored Orphan Asylum, 
 St. John's Orphan Asylum, Christ's Church Hospital, Friends' Alma- 
 house, Friends' Lunatic Asylum, two dispensaries, &c. 
 
 Among the literary institutions, the University of Pennsylvania is one 
 of the oldest and most considerable ; having been founded as a charity 
 school in 1751, it was made a college in 1755, and a university in 1779. 
 It has three departments, the Academical, Collegiate, and Medical. Here 
 instruction is given in the usual branches taught in other colleges and uni- 
 versities, and the usual degrees are conferred. It has a president and 1*3 
 profcHsors, 1,053 alumni, 120 students, and 5,000 volumes in its libraries, 
 and possesses the most extensive anatomical museum in the Union, a 
 cabinet of natural history, and an excellent chemical and pliilosophicnl 
 apparatus. Its buildings are in Ninth-street, between Chesiint and Market 
 streets. The Medical Department of the University has 8 professors. 
 
STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 87 
 
 446 students, and 4,443 graduates. The lectures commence on the first 
 Monday in November. The Girard College fur Orphans, endowed by 
 the late Stephen Girard with $2,000,000, was commenced on the 4th July. 
 1833, and the great central temple, and the two buildings on the left side, 
 are completed. No pupils have yet been admitted. Jefferson Medical 
 College was founded in 1825, and has 7 professors, 409 students, and 880 
 graduates. The lectures commence on the first Monday in November. 
 Its hall is in Tenth, between Walnut and Chesnut streets. The Medical 
 Department of Pennsylvania College was founded in 1839, and has 6 
 professors, and GO students. Lectures commence on the first Monday iu 
 November. The buildings are in Filbert street above Twelfth. 
 
 The public schools of Philadelphia are numerous. At the head of 
 these stands the High School. There is also a model school, which has 
 a principal and ten professors. 
 
 Among the scientific and literary institutions is the American Philosophi- 
 cal Society, founded in 1743, principally through the exertions of Doctor 
 Franklin. Its hall is in south Fifth-.street below Chesnut-street. It has 
 a library of 15,000 volumes of rare books, and a collection of minerals, 
 fossils, and ancient relics. The Franklm Institute was incorporated in 
 1824, for the promotion of Manufactures and the Arts. It holds an an- 
 nual fair, and possesses an e.xtensive library. The Academy of Natural 
 Sciences has u spacious building in Broad-street, a library of 9,000 
 volumes, and a cabinet of natural science. The Pennsylvania Academy 
 of Fine Arts was founded in 1805. There is also the Artists' Fund So- 
 ciety. The Philadelpliia Library, founded in 1731 by the influence of 
 Doctor Franklin, has 50,000 volumes. To this has been added the Le- 
 gonian Library of 11,000 volumes. The Mercantile Library, established in 
 1822, has a collection of 8,000 volumes. The Atheneuni, incorporated in 
 1815, contains the papers and periodicals of the day, and several thousand 
 volumes. The Apprentices' Library, established in 1819, has 14,000 
 volumes. — Tiie United States Mint was founded in 1790, and commenced 
 operations in 1793, in the building now occupied by the Apprentices' 
 Library. Coining commenced in the present building in Chesnut-street in 
 1830. This edifice is of white marble ; the south front is 123 feet long, with 
 a portico 60 feet long, of six Ionic columns. 
 
 There are in the city 14 banks, 20 insurance companies, and several 
 theatres. The Philadelphia Museum, founded by Mr. Peale in 1784, is 
 one of the best in the country. There are several very extensive markets. 
 The United States Navy Yard, at the southern end of Swanson-street, 
 has an enclosed area of about 12 acres. The public squares of the city 
 are numerous, elegant, and cjiparious. 
 
 The Fairmont JVn 
 kill, two miles frtu 
 the centre of the c\U 
 The process by wliic 
 the city is supplitu 
 with water is by mean- 
 of a dam thrown acro»- 
 the Schuylkill; tlu^ 
 water-power thus crea-b 
 
 ted acts on six large whoeU, whirli keep in operation siv forcmg-pumps. 
 to raise the water from the puol of the dam, 92 feet to the si.\ reservoirs 
 on the summit of the hill. These reservoirs, which are 100 feet above 
 the tide-level, are capable of containing 22 miJlions of gallons. From tho 
 
88 STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 reservoirs the water is distributed throughout the city by iron pipes, the 
 aggregate length of whicli is about 110 miles. On the summit and slopes 
 of the hill, neat gravel walks and staircases are arranged ; and at the | ' 
 base of the precipice, in spaces not occupied by machinery, a garden has 
 been laid out, tastefully decorated with flowers, shrubbery, statues, aiid 
 fountains. From the summit a magnificent prospect is enjoyed of the 
 city, the Schuylkill, and the romantic scenery of its valley. The Laurel 
 Hill Cemetery, on the bunks of the Schuylkill, is 4 miles north of the city. \ 
 Nature seems to have lavished every variety of beauty and grandeur on j 
 this secluded spot; the grounds are laid out with serpentine gravelled j 
 walks, and the whole is shaded by ancient forest and ornamental trees. 
 At the entrance is a splendid colonnade, and just within the gate, in a 
 small structure erected expressly for it, is an admirable group of statuary 
 by Thom, representing Sir Walter Scott conversing with Old Mortality. 
 Cars leave 3 times daily for JVew York, {fare $'.i to 4 ;) aiid also for I 
 Harrisbarg, {fare $4 ;) for Baltimore twice daily, {fare $3 ;) for Potts 
 ville daily, (/are $3.50 ;)/(>r Washiiigton.$A.m\ fur fVhceling, ^i; for \ 
 Pittsburg, ^V3; for Pittsburg via Harrisburg, SI I. Steamboats leave 
 daily for B urlington and Bristol; and also for JVilmingtun, Del., J^Tew 
 Castle ; and for Red Bank, Cape Island, (S-c, J\^. J. Stages leave daily 
 for Easton, Wilkesbarre, <S-c. ; three times a week for Port Deposit, 
 Md.,andalsoforFlemington,J\r.J. (See page 83.) jj 
 
 Lancaster is situated near the right bankof Conestoga creek, 71 miles ij 
 from Philadelphia. The city contains a court-house, 12 churches, an j 
 academy, a female seminary, a Lancasterian school, 2 public libraries, j 
 a theatre, a Mechanics' Institute, a reading-room, and 8,500 inhabitants, i 
 Franklin College, once located here, has been discontinued, being at present 
 a mere grammar-school. The style of many of the houses is antiquated, 
 retaining the character of the olden time. The city is well supplied with 
 pure water. Cars pass daily for Philadelphia and for Harrisburg. 
 
 Harrisburg, the capital of the state, is on the left bank of the Susque- | 
 hanna, lOG niile- from Philadr Iphifi. Its situation is commanding, and 
 1- from it is obtained a view of 
 
 the river and the picturesque 
 \l\x] Oarrier of the Kittatinny 
 
 Mountains, broken through 
 , by the river at the north. 
 State House occupies 
 levaled situation ; the 
 <^'&' ' > <>^ '?? ' a>.^-= mam building is 180 feet front 
 _ _^*j_ ^ •^,ii||77TiirmH 'jy 8'^ feet deep, and con 
 
 \:^J^^^^ i^'i^^^'~^^^'^£S=^^ uuns the hall of representa 
 lives, the scn.iU (luunber, ■^tatt hbr.irj ot over 4,000 volumes, &-c. The 
 other public edifices are — tlie court-house, the prison, the, arsenal, 8 
 market, a Masonic-hall, an academy, two banks, and 10 churches. There 
 are two elegant bridges thrown across the river, and the Mount Airy 
 Water-works supply the city with water. Population in 1840, 6,002- 
 1845, 8,0li0. Cars leave 3 times daily for Philadelphia, 'fare $4,) and 
 daily for Chambersburg. Stages leave dailii for Pittsburg, {fare $7 ;) 
 for JVorthumberland, and also for Baltimore, via York. 
 
 Carlisle, situated in the Cumberland valley, 18 miles from Harrisburg, 
 is an ancient and flourishing place. It contains a court-house, a town- 
 hall, the buildings of Dickinson College, 11 churches, a bank, and 4,500 
 inhabitants. Dickinson College, under the direction of tlie Methodists, 
 
 
STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 89 
 
 was founded in ]783. It has a president and 7 professors, 561 alumni, 178 
 students, tind 12,000 volumes in its libraries, and a very complete chemi- 
 cal and pliiiosophical apparatus and mineralogical cabinet. Tlie com- 
 mencement is on the second Thursday in July. The United States Bar- 
 racks, lialf a mile from the village, were built in 1777, chiefly by the 
 labor of the Hessians captured at Trenton. A school of cavalry practice 
 has recently been established there. Tlie barracks will garribou 2,000 
 men. Cars pass through dailii for Harrisbarg, and for Chaiiibersburg. 
 Stages leave d'lili/ in summer for Carlisle Springs. 
 
 Carlisle Sulphur Springs are situated four miles north of the village, 
 in a secluded valley, surrounded with the beautiful scenery of the Blue 
 Mountains. The grounds are tastefully laid out, and there are ample 
 acconmiodations for visitors. 
 
 Chambersburg is at the confluence of Falling Spring and Ooneco- 
 cheague creeks, and contains a court-house, a bank, a ftlasonic-hal), 8 
 churches, an academy, and 3,300 inhabitants. In the village and its 
 vicinity are several extensive mills and manufactories. Cars leave daily 
 for Harrisbarg. Stages leave daily for Pittsburg, and 3 times a week for 
 Baltimore. 
 
 Bedford, on the Pittsburg turnpike, is 206 miles from Philadelphia. It 
 is on a branch of Juniata river, and cont uns 
 five churches, an academy, a seminary, an 
 elegant court-house, and 1,100 inhabitants. — 
 The Bedford Springs are situated about \\ 
 miles south of the village, in a narrow, pic 
 turesque valley. There are 6 springs, \i/ . 
 Anderson's, Fletcher's, Limestone, Sweet, Sul ' 
 phur, and the Chalybeate springs. These ' 
 waters possess laxative and sudorific pow(r^, 
 and have been found etficacious in removing 
 chronic obstructions, dyspepsia, diseases of the liver, cutaneous eruptions, 
 &c. Houses tor cold, shower, and warm baths, have been erected. — 
 There is an artificial lake on which boats sail ; and the other attractions of 
 this beautiful and romantic spot and vicinity, cannot fail to gratify the 
 niObt fastidious Sta Iphia (See route 2i5 ) 
 
 nCStiiJ a^ 
 
 w 
 
 PiiisBLRG llTmilc from Phil idflpiii I ir, -iiu itt d at t t, uifl lence of 
 the Allf ^'liany and Monongahtla river- which by their union form the Ohio 
 river. It is mostly built on a plain, with streets runnmg parallel to 
 the Alleghany and Monongahela rivers. There are several fine bridges 
 across the Alleghany, and one across the Monongaliela. The hills with 
 which Pittsburg is surrounded are filled with bituminous coal, which 
 affords great aid to its manufactories. The city contains a new and 
 beautiful court-house, the buildings of the Western University, 4 banks. 
 a nmseuni, a theatre, several literary societies with hbraries, 35 churches. 
 
90 STATE OF PEXNSi^LVANIA. 
 
 many extensive liotels, and, with its suburbs, 40,000 inhabitants. The city 
 is supplied with water from the Alleghany river. The water is raised by 
 steam-power to a reservoir of a capacity to contain a million of gallons. 
 The reservoir is 116 feet above the river, from which the water is dis- 
 tributed over the city in iron pipes, having an aggregate length of 10 
 miles. The Western University of Pennsylvania, founded in 1819, has a 
 president and 4 professors, and 64 students. The Western Theological 
 Seminary, founded in 1828, and located at Alleghany, on the north bank 
 of the Alleghany river, has 3 professors, 54 students, and 6,000 volumes in 
 its libraries. The Theological Seminary of the Associate Reformed 
 Church, founded in 1826, has about 30 students, and possesses a valuable 
 library. The Alleghany Theological Institute, founded in 1840, has a 
 valuable library. The United States Arsenal is 2i miles east, on tiie banks 
 of the Alleghany. Most of the extensive manufactories are not in the 
 city proper, but scattered around within a circle of 5 miles radius : — the 
 population within this range is over 50,000. Steamboats leave daily for 
 J\''ew Orleans and the intermediate places. Fare to Wheeling, $1.50; 
 Marietta, $2.50 ; Guyandotte, $3 ; Maysville, Ky., $3.50 ; Cincinnati, 
 $5; Louisville, Ky., $6; SmitlUand, $8; Cairo, mouth of Ohio river, 
 $9; St. Louis, Mo., $10; Memphis, Tenn., $15: Vicksburg, Miss., 
 $25 ; JVew Orleans, $26. Steamboats , in connection with stages, leave for 
 Cumberland ; thence by railroad to Baltimore, i^-c. Canal boats leave for 
 Harrisburg daily. Stages leave daily for Erie ; for Cleveland, Ohio ; 
 for Steubenville, Ohio ; for Itliccling ; and for Harrisburg, 
 
 Cannonsburg, 18 nuU:H southwest frum Pittsburg, has 4 churches, and 
 
 about 900 inhabitants. Jef- 
 W - .v^- ferson College, founded in 
 
 J* 1802, and located here, has 
 ^Si a president and 6 professors, 
 693 alumni, 164 students, and 
 4.500 volumes in its libraries. 
 The commencement is on the 
 i last Thursday in September. 
 I It has a medical department 
 'in Philadelphia. There is 
 also at this place a Theological Seminary under the direction of the As- 
 sociate Church. Stages arrive and depart daily for Pittsburg. 
 
 Washington, 25 miles southwest from Pittsburg, on the National 
 road, is pleasantly situated on high ground, and contains 9 churches, a 
 court-house, an academy, a seminary, and 2,200 inhabitants. It is the 
 seat of Washington College, founded in 1806, which has a president, 5 
 professors, 224 alumni, 190 students, 3,300 volumes in its libraries, a cabinet of 
 minerals, &c. The commencement is on the last Wednesdny in Septem- 
 ber. Stages leave daily for Pittsburg, for Wheeling, and for Baltimore. 
 
 Beaver, on the right bank of the Ohio river, 35 miles below Pittsburg, 
 at the entrance of Beaver river, contains a court-house, 3 churches, an 
 academy, and about 600 inhabitants. Steamboats pass daily from 
 Pittsburg to Cincinnati, S-c. Stages leave daily fir Cleveland. 
 
 Meadville is prettily situated on French creek, and has a court-house, 
 7 churches, an academy, a state arsenal, and about 1,500 inhabitants. It 
 is the seat of Alleghany College, founded in 18)5, and has a president, 4 
 professors, 160 students, and 8,000 volumes in its libraries. Stages leave 
 daily for Pittsburg and for Erie. 
 
 Erik is beautifully situated upon a bluff, affording a prospect of 
 
STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 91 
 
 Presque-Isle bay and the lake beyond. It has one of the best harbors on 
 Lake Erie, and contains a court-house, a bank, 7 churches, an academy, 
 a seminary, and about 3,500 inhabitants. Perry's fleet was built here, the 
 vessels being finished in 70 days from the time the timber was felled ; and 
 here he returned with his prizes after the battle. I'he remains of his flag- 
 ship, the Lawrence, lie in the harbor, from which visiters are constantly 
 cutting pieces as relics. On tlie high banks a little to the right of the 
 village are the ruins of the old French fort, Presque-Isle. Steamboats 
 leave for Buffa/o, for Cleveland, Detroit, <S,-c. Stages leave daily fur 
 Buffalo, JV'. Y. ; for Cleveland, Ohio ; and for Pittsburg. 
 
 York, 11 miles west of the Susquehanna, on Codorus creek, contains a 
 court-house, a bank, an academy, 10 churches, several manufactories, 
 and 5,000 inhabitants : it has also a lyceum, possessing a cabinet of min- 
 erals, &c., and which sustains a course of lectures. Congress retired to this 
 place from Philadelphia, at the time of the battle of Brandywine, Sep.. 
 1777 ; and held their session for nine months in the old court-house. Cars 
 leave daily for Philadelphia ; and also for Baltimore. Stages leave daily 
 for Harrisburg, and 3 times a week for Ohambersburg See route 
 
 York Sulphur Springs are situated twenty 
 one miles south from Harrisburg, among >( e 
 nery exceedingly picturesque and varied. Tiic i 
 medical properties of the waters have heenj 
 highly extolled, particularly for their eflicatj , 
 in cases of debilitated constitutions. 
 
 Gettysburg is situated on elevated grounds 
 35 miles from Harrisburg. The Theologii il ■ 
 Seminary of the Lutheran Church, establi>>liul 
 here in 1826, has 3 professors, 26 students, 
 and 8,000 volumes in its libraries. This lo aUu the s^at ot Pc....=ylvai.ia 
 College, founded in 1832, which has a president, 7 professors, 189 students, 
 and 3,000 volumes in its libraries. The village contains a court-house, a 
 bank, an academy, 6 churches, and 1,700 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times 
 a week for York ; for Chambersburg ; and for Hagerstown, Md. 
 
 Huntingdon is situated on the left bank of the Juniata river, and is 
 built upon an elevated bank, sloping gently down to the river. It contains 
 a courthouse, 6 churches, an academy, and 1,200 inhabitants. The 
 Juniata is here crossed by a substantial bridge. A short distance from 
 the village, in Stone Valley, are the " V^arm Springs," which are much 
 resorted to. The waters are light on the stomach, diuretic, and are said to 
 contain magnesia. Stages pass daily from Harrisburg and from Pittsburg. 
 HoLMDAYSBURG is situated on the Juniata river, 143 miles by the 
 course of the canal from Harrisburg, near the eastern base of the Alle- 
 ghany Moimtains. It contains a court-house, 6 churches, a classical 
 school, several extensive manufactories, and about 3,000 inhabitants. 
 Here is the termination of the Juniata division of the Pennsylvania canal, 
 and the commencement of the Portage railroad through tlie mountain 
 pass, overcoming in ascent and descent, by means of ten inclined planes, 
 an aggregate of 2,572 feet. There is on the line a tunnel 870 feet long 
 and 20 feet high, through the mountain ; and also several viaducts. 
 All the viaducts and culverts have been built in the most substantial man- 
 ner. Stages leave daily for Harrisburg, and for Pittsburg, and for 
 fVilliamsport 3 times a week. Canal boats leave for Harrisburg daily. 
 
 Johnstown is situated on a broad flat, completely encircled by moun- 
 tains, at the confluence of Stony creek with the Little Connemaugh. and 
 
92 STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 et the commencementof the Western division of the Pennsylvania canal. It I 
 contains 4 churches and about 1,500 inhabitants. Canal boats leave for 
 Pittsbur}^ daily. 
 
 SuNBURY is situated on the left bank of the Susquehanna, 58 miles from 
 Harrisburg. Near the town, above and below, are ranges of high hills, 
 affording a magnificent prospect of the valley. The village has a court- 
 house, 5 churches, and 1,200 inhabitants. Stages leave daily for Harris- 
 burg, for IVilkrsbarre, and for H'illiamspnrt. 
 
 Northumberland is a mile above Smibury, on tlie Susquehanna, and 
 at the junction of the north and wtsl brunches. There are three beautiful 
 bridges crossing the rivers here. The village contains a town-house, a 
 bank, 5 churches, and about 1,000 inh:ibitaiits. 
 
 WiLLiAMSPORT is situated on an elevated plain on the left bank of the 
 west branch of the Susquehanna, 99 miles from Harrisburg. It has a 
 court-house, 5 churches, an academy, and 1,500 inhabitants. Cars leave 
 daily for Ralston, thence in stages to Blossburg, and fromthence in cars to 
 Corning, J\r. Y. ; and by railroad and stages to Elmira, JV. Y. Stages 
 leave three times a week for Hollidaysburg. 
 
 NoRRisTOWN is situated on the left bank of Schuylkill river, 16 miles 
 from Philadelphia. Tlie dam across the river creates an immense water- 
 power. The village contains a court-house, 6 churches, a bunk, an 
 academy, a seminary, a public library, and 3,000 inhabitants. Manu- 
 facturing is extensively carried on here. Six miles above Norristown, on 
 the west side of the river, at the mouth of Valley creek, is a deep rugged i 
 hollow. An ancient forge established here, gave to the place the name of ! 
 Valley Forge. Upon the mountain flanks of this valley, wjiich over- ij 
 look all the adjacent country, Washington established the winter-quarters f 
 of the army in 1777 and '8. This was the most gloomy period of the S 
 Revolution. The army reached the valley about the J8th of December. | 
 They might have been tracked by the blood of tlieir feet in marching to | 
 this place barefooted, over the hard frozen ground. The encampment 
 was surrounded on the land side by intrenclnnents, and several small re- 
 doubts were built at different points. Some of the intrenchments may 
 still be seen. Cars leave J^orristown daily for Philadelphia, and for 
 Pottsville. 
 
 Reading lies on the left bank of Schuylkill river, 56 miles from Phila- 
 delphia. The streets are regular and spacious. It has an elegant court- 
 house, 3 banks, an academy, 3 public libraries, (one in German,) a female 
 seminary, 12 churches, and about 8,000 inhabitants. The town is abun- 
 dantly supplied with spring water conducted through pipes. The scenery ii 
 in the vicinity is wild and picturesque, and the location remarkably \ 
 healthy. Cars leave daily for Philadelphia, and for Pottsville. Stages i 
 leave daily for Harrisburg, and for Eastmi 3 times a week. [ 
 
 Pottsville, the great mart of the coal trade, is situated just above the I 
 gorge by which the Schuylkill river passes the mountains, 92 miles from j 
 Philadelphia. It is famous for its rapid growth. In 1824, it contained but | 
 five dwellings. It now contains a town-hall, 6 churches, a bank, an } 
 academy, several extensive manufactories, and 4,335 inhabitants. Cars \ 
 leave daily for Philadelvhia ; stages daily for Sunbury, Danville, and i 
 Calnwissa, and 3 times a week for Mauch Chnnk. 
 
 Mauch Chunk is situated on the right bank of TiChigh river, in a deep 
 romantic ravine, 122 miles from Philadelphia. The moimtains rise ab- 
 ruptly from the village to the height of 800 to 1,000 feet. The village has 
 5 churches, several nmnufactories, and about 1.800 inhabitants. The ex- 
 
STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 93 
 
 tenslvo coal mines here, and the operations of working them are ex- 
 ceedingly curious and interesting. Stages leave 3 times a week for Easton : 
 for Philadelphia, for Potts oi/le, and fur Berwick. 
 
 WiLKKSBARRK is on the left bank of the Susquehanna river, 110 miles 
 from Philadelphia. It contains a court-house, 3 cimrches, a bank, a 
 female seminary, a classical school, and 1,800 inhabitants. The valley of 
 Wyoming is rich in historical incident, and its landscapes combine beauty, 
 variety, and grandeur. The site of Fort Wyoming is covered by the 
 court-house. Fort Duryee was lialf a mile below the borough, near the 
 Shawnee flats. There was anotlier fort on the eastern bank, nearly op- 
 posite the hotel, a little below the bridge, the redoubts of which are still 
 visible on the hill to tiie north of the village. Stages leave daily for 
 Northumberland ; for Biiighamton, JV. Y. ; 3 times a week for Hones- 
 dale ; for Eaiton ; and for Matich Chunk. 
 
 Easton i» situated at the confluence of f' i D 'i" n ' T^ohigh 
 
 rivers, 5') miles 
 from Philadel- 
 phia. It Is reg- 
 ularly laid out, .^f^' 
 the streets, cro-s- '- 
 ing each other 
 at right luv'lt- 
 There are lu n "2 
 fine bridges, ont 
 crossing 1 he Del 
 
 aware, and the other" the Lehrgh river. La Fayette College js loc it( d 
 here, witli which manual labor is connected. It has a president, 8 pro- 
 fessors and tutors, 130 students, and 5,000 volumes in its libraries. Tho 
 commencement is on the 2d Wednesday in September. The village has 2 
 banks, a court-house, 5 churches, an academy, a classical school, a public 
 library with 3,000 volumes, and 5.000 inhabitants. 
 
 The three prominent gorges in the Kitlafinny Mountains, the Lehigh 
 and Delaware Water-gaps, and the Wind-gap, arrest the attention of the 
 traveller. They are all within a distance of 25 miles from Easton, and 
 are celebrated for their picturesque appearance, and the beauty of the 
 surrounding landscape. Stages leave daily for J^ew York ; for Trenton, 
 A*. J. ; for Philadelphia, and for Rending ; three times a week for Bin^- 
 kamton, via HonesdaJe ; for JMauch Chunk, and for Wilkesharre. 
 
 HoNESPALE, situated at the junction of the Lackawaxen and Dyberry 
 creeks, is 147 miles from Philadelphia. It has been built up within a 
 few years, and contains a court-hoiLse, five churches, two academies, and 
 1,100 inhabitants. The Delaware and Hudson canal terminates here, and 
 a railroad l(5i miles long connects it with the coal mines. Stages leave 
 daily for JVcw York ; for Owego ; three times a week for Easton ; and for 
 Wilkesharre. 
 
 Carbondalk. situated on Lackawana creek, owes its existence to the 
 Lackawjina coal mine, from which are quarried 800 to 900 tons daily. 
 The village contains 6 churches and about 1,000 inhabitants. Stages 
 leave 3 times a week for Wilkesharre and for Honesdnle. 
 
 Bristol, situated on the right bank of Delaware river, 20 miles above 
 Philadelphia, contains 3 churches, a bank, and about 1,500 inhabitants. 
 A short distance below, on the banks of the river, is the Bristol Military 
 Institute. Steamboats ply daily to Philadelphia, and cars leave for J^ew 
 York, via Trenton. 
 
94 
 
 STATE OF DELAWARE. 
 
 Westchester, 33 miles from Philadelphia, is surrounded by a beauti- 
 ful undulating country, and the place and vicinity is remarkable for its 
 salubrity. It is coimected with the Columbia railroad, by a branch nine 
 miles long; and the village contains a court-house, a bank, 6 churches, 
 an academy, 4 seminaries, a public library, an atheneum, a cabinet of 
 natural science, and 2,500 inhabitants. Cars leave twice daily for 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 Chester, 14 miles from Philadelphia, on the right bank of tlje Dela- 
 ware river, is the most ancient town in the state. It has a courthouse, 3 
 churches, a bank, and 1,000 inhnbitants. Cars pass through it twice 
 dailv from Philadelphia and from Baltimore. 
 
 ^,r 
 
 DELAWARE lies between 38° 29' and 39° 47' N. 
 lat., and between 74" 5G' and 75=' 40' W. Ion. It is 
 i)2 miles long, and 23 broad, containing 2, 120 square 
 miles. Population in 1840, 78,085. 
 ^-l^r-'^Si' "^ -"i - "^''^ lower part of the state is very level. The 
 ... ifsa--* - northern part is moderately hilly and rough. An ele- 
 vated table-land, towards its western border, passes 
 through the state, dividing the waters which fall into 
 the Che.-dptake from those which fall into Delaware bay; it contains a 
 chain of swamps, from which the principal streams take their rise. In the 
 vicinity of Delaware river the soil is productive, but becomes less so i 
 towards the swamps in the west. Its southern part affords some fine 
 grazing-land. The rivers are small. Brandywine creek, 40 miles long, 
 uniting with Christiana creek, forms the harbor of Wilmington. Duck 
 creek, Mispillion creek, and Indian river flow into the Delawure. , 
 
 The present constitution was adopted in 1831. The governor is chosen \ 
 for four years, and is ever after ineligible. The senate consists of three 
 members from each county, chosen for four years. The representatives 
 are seven from each county, chosen once in two years. The legislature 
 meets once in two years, on the first Tuesday of January. Every male 
 citizen over twenty-two years of age, who has resided one year in the 
 state, and the last month in the county in which he votes and paid a tax, 
 has the right of sutfiage ; and if he be between 21 and 22 years, and 
 otherwise qualified, he may vote without payment of a tax. The judicial 
 power is exercised by 4 common-law judges and a chancellor. There 
 must be one associate judge in each county. 
 
 There is but one college in the state, viz., Delaware College, at Newark; 
 and there are twenty academies, and 152 common schools. 
 
 Delaware w<is fir^t settled by Swedes and Fins, in 1630. In con. 
 vention it adopted the constitution of the United States, Dec. 3d, 1787, by 
 a unanimous vote. 
 
STATE OF DELAWARE. 
 
 95 
 
 Dover, the capital of the state, is situated on the south side of Jones 
 creek, 10 miles from its entrance into Delaware bay. Its streets cross at 
 right angles, and at the centre of the town is a spacious public square, on 
 which the slate-house is erected, and around which other public buildings 
 are ranged. It contains 3 churches, a bank, an academy, and about 700 
 inhabitants. Here is a splendid monument, erected by the state, to the 
 memory of Col. John Haslett. who fell at the battle of Princeton. Stages 
 leave, daily for IVilmington, and 3 times a week fur Snow Hill, J\Id. 
 
 Wilmington is situated between Brandywine river and Christiana 
 creek, one mile from their confluence, and 27 miles southwest from Pliila- 
 delpbia. It is the largest place in the state, and its streets are broad and 
 regularly laid out. It contains a city-hall, two market-houses, 3 banks, 
 an almshouse, an arsenal, a Friends' boarding school for young ladies, a 
 public library, 16 churches, 9 academies, and 10,000 inhabitants. In the 
 city and vicinity are many extensive manufactories and flouring-mills. 
 The Brandywine Springs, about .5 miles from Wilmington, are much 
 resorted to in the summer season for health and pleasure. Cars leave 
 twice daily for Philadelphia, ( fare 5i) cts.,) and for Baltimore. Steam- 
 boats ply daily to Philadelphia. Stages leave daily for Milford, via 
 JsTcwcastle and Dover. 
 
 Newark, on Christiana creek,12 miles from Wilmington and 1 mile from the 
 depot, contains the buildings .^ ^ _ 
 
 of Delaware College, thrre ~^ " -— ^ 
 
 churches, an academy, and = ^ 
 
 ^"00 inhabitants. Delaware 
 Collegewas founded in IftT?, 
 and endowed by theKtutewith 
 a fund of .$100,000. It has 
 a president, 4 professor"!, a 
 tutor, and 50 students. 'J'he 
 commencement is on the 4th 
 Wednesday in September. 
 
 Nkwcastle, 5 miles south from Wilmington, on the right bank of 
 Delaware river, was once the capital of the state. It was the site of the 
 Dutch fort, Casimir, and the village of Niew Amstel. It contains a court- 
 house, a town-house, an arsenal, 5 churches, an academy, a public 
 library of 4,000 volumes, and 1,200 inhabitants. Stcavibonts leave daily 
 for Philadelphia, and cars, in connection with steamboats, for Baltimore. 
 
 Smyrna, 35 miles from Wilmington, is on Duck creek, and contains 
 a church, and about 600 inhabitants. 
 
 Delaware City is situated on the west side of Delaware bay, at the 
 entrance of the Chesapeake and Delaware canal. It contains about 50 
 dwellings. In front of it, on Peapatch Island, is Fort Delaware. 
 
 MiLyoRD, situated on Mispillion creek, 68 miles from Wilmington, con- 
 tains 3 churches, 2 academies, and about 600 inhabitants. 
 
 Georgetown, 88 miles from Wilmington, situated near the head waters 
 of Indian river, has a courthouse, an academy, a bank, and about 300 
 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times a week for Wilmington. 
 
96 
 
 STATE OF MARYLAND. 
 
 M \RYLAND lies between 38° and 3^ 44' N. lat., - 
 f'£ ^11 \ ^ and between 75" 10' and 79" 20' W. Ion. It is 196 
 ^ yTTi \ ^ niil(>j long, and 120 broad, containing 13,959 square' 
 miles Population in 1840, 469,232. Eastern Mary- 
 land or that part of the state east of the Chesapeake 
 ha> l^ mostly level. Tlie country on the zcest shore to , 
 tlie lievd of tides, is similar to the eastern shore ; the 
 soil ot this portion is generally fertile, producing wheat, ^ 
 Indian corn, tobacco, &c. AI)ove the flow of the" 
 tides, the surf ice rHc-- nito hills, and the western part attains an elevated 
 region being (rosstd by the Alleghany Mountains. The western part ^ 
 contains much fine land, adapted both to grain and grazing. Extensive ' 
 beds of coal and of iron ore exist. I 
 
 The Potomac river, which divides this state from Virginia, is 550 miles ' 
 long, and navigable about 300 miles to Washington city. It is 7i miles' 
 ■wide at its mouth. The great falls are 59 miles above Washington ; the ' 
 perpendicular descent is 76 feet, and the rapids extend for several miles up ' 
 the river, and form a very picturesque view. The Susquehanna is a ' 
 large river, which enters into the head of the Chesapeake bay in this 1 
 state. It is li miles wide at its mouth, but is navigable only five miles, J 
 being, above that, much obstructed by falls and rapids. The Patapsco 
 is a small river, navigable, however, 14 miles to Baltimore for ships. The 
 Patuxent is 110 miles long, and is navigable for 50 miles for vessels of 250 ' 
 tons. Tlie other rivers are Elk, Sassafras, Chester, Choptank, Nanticoke, '■ 
 and Pocomoke. The Chesapeake bay is 270 miles long, and from " 
 seven to twenty wide; and, by its numerous inlets, furnishes many fine 
 harbors: and in season, abounds with the clioicest waterfowl, fish, &c. 
 
 The constitution of tJie state was formed in 1776, but has been amended 
 Bince that time. The governor is chosen annually by the joint-ballot of' 
 both houses of the legislature, and is eligible only three years in seven. ' 
 He must be 25 years of age, and have resided in the slate 5 years. The'' 
 senators are 15 in number ; they must be 25 years of age, have resided in* 
 the state 3 years, and are chosen for five years. The representatives must 
 be 25 years of age, and have resided one year in the county for which' 
 they are chosen immediately preceding the election. They are 80 in 
 number. The council consists of 5 members, elected by the legislature to'' 
 advise the governor, and sanction or negative the exrcutive appointments.* 
 Thoy must be 25 years of age, and are chosen for three years. The 
 governor has no veto upon the acts of the legislature. The judiciary { 
 consists of a chancellor and judges, who hold their offices during good ' 
 behavior. Every free wiiite male citizen, over 21 years of age, who has I 
 resided in the city or county in which be offers his vote one year next j 
 preceding the election, enjoys the right of suifrage. j 
 
STATE OF MARYLAND. 97 
 
 The colIpfTPs, (fee, in this state arc ns follows, viz. : St. John's College, at 
 Annupolis, founded in 1784 ; St. Mary's College, at Baltimore ; Mount St. 
 Mary's College, near Emniettsbnrg : Medical School University, at Balti- 
 more, and Washington Medical College, do. Besides these, there are 130 
 academies and about 575 primary and common schools. 
 
 The original charter of Maryland was granted to Lord Baltimore, in 
 16:<2. It was first settled by Catholics in 1634, at St. 3Iary's. In 
 convention, April 28th, 1788, it adopted the constitution of the United 
 Slatis— ypfis 63, nays ]2. 
 
 
 lUtriMDi I ih. ihird titj ni r\ 
 tent, popiilafion, ami comim r( e, iii the 
 United States, is situated on the north 
 side of Patapsco river, 14 miles from its entrance into Chesapeake bay, 
 and 200 miles from the ocean by ship channel, in 39° 17' 23" N. lat., and 
 76° 37' 30" W. Ion. It is 40 miles from Washington, 97 from Philadel- 
 phia, 185 from New York, 590 from Pittsburg. Population in 1840, 
 102,313. The harbor, which is a very fine one, consists of three parts. 
 The entrance to it, between Fort McHenry and the Lazaretto, is about 600 
 yards wide, and has twenty-two feet depth of water. Above Fell's 
 Point is the second harbor, with 15 feet water ; the third or inner harbor, 
 has a depth of ten to twelve feet, and penetrates to near the centre of tlie 
 city. It is the most extensive market for tobacco in the United States, and the 
 greatest flour market in the world. Within 20 miles of the city, there are 70 
 or more flouring mills. The city affords many commanding sites for build- 
 ings. The part compactly built extends about 2 miles in length from E. to 
 W., and a mile and a half from north to south. The streets generally cross 
 each other at right angles. The north end of the town is the fashionable 
 quarter, in the vicinity of Washington Monument ; and the principal 
 promenade is Baltimore-street, which is two miles in length, extending 
 through the centre of the city. The public buildings are, the City-hall, 
 on HoUidays-street, occupied by the city council and public officers; the 
 Court-house, corner of Washington and Monument streets; the State 
 Penitentiary, 7 markets, 11 banks, a savings institution, eight insurance 
 companies, two theatres, a circus, a museum, several extensive hotels, 
 &c., &c. There are upwards of 100 churches, many of which are 
 elegant structures. 
 
 The University of Maryland was incorporated in 1812. It has a faculty 
 of Arts and Science, of Physic, of Theology, and of Law. The first has 
 7 professors — that of physic has 7, of theology 3, and that of law 4. It 
 is well supplied with materials for anatomical studies, and has a good 
 chemical laboratory. I-ectures commence on the last Monday in October. 
 Washington Medical University, which has 7 professors, has an annual 
 session of four months, beginning on the last Monday in October. Balti- 
 more College, which constitutes the collegiate department of the Uni- 
 versity of Maryland, is under the general supervision of the regents of the 
 University, and the particular direction and management of a president, 
 asfiisted by different professors and teachers. St. Mary's College and 
 5 
 
98 STATE OF MARYLAND. 
 
 Seminary has 14 professors or other instructors. The Maryland College- 
 of Pharmacy, incorporated January, 1841, has a president, two vice- 
 presidents, a secretary, a treasurer, and a board of three examiners. The 
 Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, has a president and 5 professors. 
 The Mercantile Library Association, founded in 1839, has a library of 
 5,000 volumes. The Maryland Historical Society is located in Baltimore. 
 Maryland Hospital, on Hampsted hill, in the eastern extremity of the city, 
 is under the management of a board of visitors appointed by the state. 
 Mount Hope Hospital, in the northern part of the city, is under the 
 management of the Sisters of Charity ; it will contain 100 patients. The 
 Baltimore Infirmary, connected with the medical d^piirtment of the Uni- 
 versity of Maryland, is under the direction of the faculty of physic. 
 
 fVashington Monument stands on elevated ground, 150 feet above 
 tide-water, at the intersection of Charles and Monu- 
 ment streets, and is the most imposing structure in the 
 city. It is a Doric column, rising from a base 50 feet 
 square and 20 feet high. The shaft is 160 feet high and 
 twenty feet in diameter. A winding stairway leads to 
 the top, where is a statue of Washington, by Causici, 
 thirteen feet high. The whole is constructed of white 
 marl)le. From its top is a fine view of the city and its 
 I iivirons. The Battle Monument, at the corner of 
 Fayette and Calvert streets, was erected in 1815, in 
 memory of those who fell, defending the city when at- 
 tacked by the British in 1814. It is constructed of white 
 larble, is 52 feet high, and surmounted by a figure 
 • emblematic of the city of Baltimore. The city is sup- 
 plied with water for the extinguishment of fires, from 
 Jones Falls ; the water being raised by steam-power into two reservoirs hold- 
 ing about seven millions of gallons, and distributed in iron pipes. The 
 public springs or fountains, of which there are four, are tastefully orna- 
 mented, and furnish a copious supply of pure water. Green Mount 
 Cemetery is situated near the north bounds of the city. It has mostly a 
 high undulating surface, and is handsomely laid out, and adorned with 
 shrubbery, sculptured tombs, &c. Baltimore was laid out as a town ia 
 1729. In 1765 it contained only 50 houses. It was chartered in 1797. 
 Cars leave twice daily for Pliiladelphia, {fare S3;) for Washington "i 
 times daily, {fare 1.60 ;) for Cumberland daily, {fare S7 ;) for Columbia, 
 Pa., {fare §2.63 ;) aiid for Jlnnapolis daily. Stages leave daily in sum- 
 mer for York Sulphur Springs^ 3 times a week for Gettysburg, Pa., 
 Emmettsburg, S,-c. Fare to J^Tcw York. $7 ; to Richmond, Fa., S6.60 ; 
 to Wilmington, jX. C.,$16.Q0; to Charleston, $21; to Mobile, $57.50; 
 to J\reiD Orleans, W^.50,— to Wheeling, $10; to Pittsburg, $11. Steam- 
 boats leave daily for JVorfolk, Va., via Old Point Comfort, .dnnapolis, 
 Src. : and also for Philadelphia via French Town. J^ew Castle, S,-c. 
 
 Annapolis, the capital of the state, is situated on the Chesapeake bay, 
 at the entrance of Severn river. The streets rndiate from three centres, 
 which are the sites of the three principal buildings, viz. : the State House, 
 St. John's College, and St. Anne's Church ; besides these, there are a 
 government-house, a Methodist and a Roman Catholic Chapel, a semi- 
 nary, and a bank. The city contains 2,800 inhabitants. The State House 
 is remarkable as the building in which the American Congress, during the 
 Revolutionary war, held some of its sessions. The Senate Chamber, 
 which witnessed the last scene of the great drama of the Revolution. 
 
STATE OF MARYLAND. \)\f 
 
 Washington's resignation of his commission to the Congress, has been 
 
 preserved unaltered. St. John's College was founded in 1784, as the 
 
 Western-shore branch of the ^ , 
 
 University of Maryland, now _ ^ "- f <*?' _^^ 
 
 extinct. In 1823 and 1832, ^=^ ^y,,h ""f jf ^ 
 
 the Assembly restored a Kirge ' '"''''' 
 
 portion of the funds winch 
 
 had been withiield binci 
 
 1806. It now has a pre'-i 
 
 dent, five professort, 1,240- 
 
 alumni, 75 students, and 
 
 4,000 volumes in its lil)raries. 
 
 The commencement i^ on tlic 22d of Fibrudrj Tiie I'^nitid i^t^tLs Na\al 
 
 Academy, at Fort Se\ ( rn, li is 7 i)rof( ^-or^, and 70 niuKlupmeu as students. 
 
 Cars leave daily for JVashinglon and for Baltimore. 
 
 Havre de Grace is on the west side of Susquehanna river, at its en- 
 trance into Chesapeake bay, 60 miles from Philadelphia- The Susque- 
 hanna canal terminates here, connecting the Chesapeake with the Pennsyl- 
 vania canals. A steam-ferry crosses the river. The town has a church 
 and 1.500 inhabitants. In 1813, the British under Admiral Cockburn burned 
 the place. Cars leave twice daily for Philadelphia and for Baltimore. 
 
 Elkton is situated at the junction of the two main branches of Elk 
 river, at the head of tide-water, 45 miles from Philadelphia. The village 
 is half a mile south of the railroad depot. It contains a court-house, a 
 bank, a Methodist church, and about 150 dwellings. Cars leave twice 
 daily for Philadelphia, and for Baltimore. Stages leave 3 times a week 
 for Catnbridge via Chestertown, Easton, iSrc. 
 
 Chestertown, situated on Chester river, 30 miles from Chesapeake 
 bay, contains two churches, a branch of the University of Maryland, an 
 academy, and about 1,000 inhabitants. 
 
 Easton, on Tread Haven bay, 13 miles from its entrance into Chesa- 
 peake bay and from Elkton, has a court-house, 3 churches, an academy, 
 and 1,000 inhabitants. 
 
 Cambridge, situated on Choptank river, twelve miles from its entrance 
 into the Chesapeake bay, has a court-house, two churches, an academy, 
 and 800 inhabitants. Stages leave three times a week for Elkton, and. 
 twice for Snow Hill. 
 
 Snow Hill, situated on the east side of Pocomoke river, contains a 
 court-house, an academy, 5 churches, and about 800 inhabitants. Stages 
 leave three times a week for Wilmington, Del., and for Acomac and East- 
 villc, Va. — Barren Creek Mineral Spring is 23 miles from Cambridge. 
 The waters contain oxide of iron, soda, and magnesia combined with 
 muriatic acid ; they are tonic and diuretic, and have been found serviceable 
 in bilious complaints. 
 
 Westminister is situated on the head waters of the Patapsco river, 
 and contains a court-house, 3 churches, an academy, and 500 inhabitants. 
 
 Emmkttsburq, situated on the Monacacy river, in a pretty rural country, 
 has four churches, an academy, and 800 inhabitants. Two miles distant 
 is Mount St. Mary's College, under the direction of the Roman Catholics, 
 founded in 1830; it has a president and 11 instructors, 130 students, and 
 4,000 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is in the last week in 
 June. Stages leave three times a week for Frederick. 
 
 Freperick, the second place of importance in the state, is situated on 
 a branch of Monacacy creek, 61 miles from Baltimore, and is surrounded 
 
100 
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 
 
 by a picturesque and highly fertile country. Its streets are wide, and 
 regularly laid out. The city contains an elegant court-house, county 
 offices, several banks, a market-house, twelve churches, several scientific 
 and literary institutions, and 5,200 inhabitants. Cars leave daily for 
 Baltimure. Stages leave .1 times a week for Gettysburg, Pa. 
 
 Hagerstovvn, 70 miles from Baltimore, is pleasantly situated on the 
 Antictam creek. It contains a court-house, 2 banks, 2 academies, a town- 
 hall, 9 churches, and 3,800 inhabitants. Stages leave daily for Frederick. 
 
 Hancock, situated on the left bank of the Potomac river, has 2 churches, 
 an academy, and 400 inhabitants. 
 
 Cumberland is situated on the left bank of Potomac river, at the en- 
 trance of Wills creek, 178 miles from Baltimore. It contains a court- 
 house, a market house, a bank, five churches, and about 1,000 inhabitants. 
 It occupies the site of Fort Cumberland, and the mountain scenery in the 
 vicinity is picturesque, varied, and beautiful. Extensive beds of coal 
 exist in the surrounding hills and mountains. Cars leave daily for Balti- 
 more, {fare $7.) Stages leave for Wheeling, Va., (/are $4;) and stages 
 i?i connection witit ateainboats at Brownsville, Pa.,forPiUsburg, (/are $3,) 
 
 ^2-^ 
 
 '^-^.^■ 
 
 TllC DISTRICT or ( 'OLUMBIA occupies a space 
 of GO square miles, and is situated on the left bank of 
 the Potomac r. 120 miles from its entrance into Chesa- 
 peake bay. The territory was formerly 10 miles square, 
 and was ceded by the states of Maryland and Vir- 
 ^^ srinia, for the purpose of becoming the seat of the 
 ■ ^^^^ government of the Republic. The portion west of the 
 -.^^^' Potomac was rctroceded to Virginia in 1846. The 
 District, which is under the immediate jurisdiction of 
 Congress, contains the cities of Washington and Georgetown. Pop. 35,000. 
 Washington, the capital of the United States, is situated on the left 
 bank of the Potomac, at its confluence with the Anacostia, in N. lat. 
 38" 52' 45", and W. Ion. 76» 55' 30" from Greenwich. It is 2<)5 miles 
 from the ocean by the course of the river. 38 from Baltimore, and 225 
 from New York. It contained, in 1840, 23,364 inhabitants. The city is 
 encompassed by a fine range of hills, and covered in part with trees and 
 /hrubbery. presenting verdant and cultivated slopes. The ground on 
 which it is built hus a general elevation of about forty feet above the 
 river. In planning the city, the most advantageous ground was ap- 
 propriated for the different edifices, and for several squares, commanding 
 extensive prospects, and susceptible of such improvements as use or 
 ornament might require. Avenues of direct communication have been 
 made, connecting distant objects with the principal ones. North and south 
 lines, crossed by others running cast and west, divide the city into streets 
 and equarcs. The avenues are named aiier the respective slates, and the 
 
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 
 
 101 
 
 Capitol is the point from which the streets are named, — those north being 
 called A North, &c., and those south, A South, <Stc. ; those east and west, 
 1st East, &c., and 1st West, See, respectively. The avenues are from 120 
 to 160 feet wide ; Pennsylvania avenue, leading from the Capitol to the 
 President's house, has a sidewalk twenty-six feet wide, paved, and planted 
 with trees, the carriage-way being macadamized. 
 
 The Capitol is a large and massy building of the Corinthian order of 
 architecture, and is built 
 of freestone. It is situated 
 In the centre of the square, 
 on an eminence 78 feet 
 above the tide, and is com- 
 posed of a central edifice 
 with two wings, with a 
 projection on the west side. 
 It covers H acres and 1,820 
 square feet, exclusive of 
 the circular enclosure for 
 fuel, forming an elegant 
 
 area and glacier on the 
 
 west front. The length of the front is 352 feet, including the wings ; the 
 depth of the wings is 121 feet. The projection on the east or main front, 
 including the steps, is 65 feet wide, and another on the west front 83 feet 
 wide. On the east front there is a splendid portico of 22 columns 38 feet 
 high ; and on the west front is a portico of ten columns. The height of 
 the building to the top of the dome is 120 feet. Under the dome, in the 
 middle of the building, is the Rotunda, 95 feet in diameter, and of the 
 same height, and adorned with sculpture, in stone panels in bold relief: 
 the subjects of these are— Smith delivered by the interposition of Pocahon- 
 tas — the Landing of the Pilgrims — the conflict of Boone with the Indians — 
 and Penn treating with the Indians; and the four celebrated paintings by 
 Trumbull, representing the presentation of the Declaration of Indepen- 
 dence to Congress — the surrender of Burgoyne to Gates — the surrender 
 of Cornwallis at Yorktown — and Washington resigning his commission 
 to Congress at Annapolis ; also the baptism of Pocahontas, by Chapman ; 
 and the Embarkation of the Pilgrims, by Weir. The east front has also, 
 in two niches, colossal figures in marble, of Peace and of War, and a 
 fine marble statue of Columbus, by Persico, has just been added to this 
 entrance. The colossal statue of Washington, by Greenough, has 
 been placed in the East Park, in a neat temple erected for the purpose. 
 To the west of the Rotunda is the library room of Congress, 92 by 34 
 feet, and 36 feet in height, containing 30,000 volumes. In the second 
 story of the south wing is tiie Hall of the House of Representatives, of a 
 semicircular form, 96 feet long and 60 feet high, with a dome supported 
 by 24 columns of native variegated marble, and with capitals of Italian 
 marble. This room is ornamented by some fine statuary and paintings. 
 The Senate Chamber is in the second story of the north wing, and is 
 semicircular, like that of the Representatives, but smaller, being 78 feet 
 long and 45 feet high. Below the Senate Chamber, and nearly of the 
 same form and dimensions, though much less elegant, is the room of the 
 Supreme Court of the United States ; and there are in the building 70 
 rooms for the accommodation of committees and officers of Congress. 
 Around the Capitol are 22 acres of park, highly ornamented with trees of 
 many varieties, shrubbery, fountains, &.c. 
 
102 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. i 
 
 1 
 The President's Htmse is an elegant edifice of freestone, two Btories I 
 
 high, at the intersection of ] 
 
 Pennsylvania, Virginia, New ' 
 York, Connecticut, and Ver- ! 
 mont avenues, and stands j 
 near the centre of a park of 
 E20 acres, at tin elevation of 
 44 feet above the river. Tlie j 
 front entrance faces north ! 
 upon La Fayette Square, and I 
 _ ihe southern front, towards j 
 
 the garden, presents a fine view of the city, of the Potomac river, and ; 
 the shores of Maryland and Virginia. Tiie building is 170 feet front and ^ 
 86 feet deep. The north front is ornamented with a fine Ionic portico of ' 
 four lofty columns, projecting with three columns. The outer inter- 
 columniation is for carriages to drive into, to place the company under 
 ehelter. Tlie middle space is the entrance for visitors who come on foot ; 
 the steps from both lead to a broad platform in front of the door of en- ' 
 trance. The interior is elegantly constructed and richly furnished. 
 
 On the east of the President's House are two large building.* ; there are , 
 also two others on the west, for the accommodation of the Departmenta ', 
 of gtate, of the Treasury, of War, and of the Navy. The General Post- i 
 office, and the Patent-office, are also extensive buildings. The new ; 
 Treasury building has a splendid colonnade 457 feet in length. The ■ 
 General Post-office is of the Corinthian order. The Piitent-office, in ad- 
 dition to other spacious apartments, has one room in tlie upper story 275 
 feet long and 65 feet wide, and when completed by wings, will be up- 
 wards of 400 feet in length. Tlie portico of this building is of the same ■ 
 extent as that of the Parthenon at Athens. ; 
 
 The Navy Yard is on the eastern branch, about three-fourths of a mile ; 
 southeast of the Capitol, and contains 27 acres. It has houses for officers, j 
 shops, and warehouses, two large ship-houses, an armory, &c. The city i 
 contains .30 places of worship, two orphan asylums, three banks, a city- j 
 hall, an hospital, a penitentiury, a theatre, 12 academies, &c. j 
 
 Columbian College was incorporated in 1821. It is pleasantly situated ; 
 on elevated ground north of the President's house. It has a medical 
 department attached. In the several departments are a president, 10 . 
 professors, and 104 students. It has 4,200 volumes in its libraries. The I 
 commencement is on tlie first Wednesday of October. — The National | 
 Institution for the Promotion of Science, was organized in 1840. It meets ' 
 monthly. Its collections are in the grand hall of the Patent-office. The . 
 United States Exploring Expedition has added largely to its collection, i 
 The Union Literary Society holds a weekly discussion at the lecture-room 
 of the Medical College. The City Library contains 6,000 volumes. 
 
 The Congressional Cemetery, a mile east of the Capitol, is handsomely i 
 laid out, and contains many sculptured tombs, monuments, &;c. It is ; 
 ta.stefully adorned with trees and shrubbery. ; 
 
 The seat of the Federal government was removed to Washington city i 
 in 1800. Tiie north wing of the Capitol was commenced September ; 
 16th, 1793 ; tlie President, George Washington, laid the corner-stone : , 
 the architect was Pierre C L'Enfant. Cars leave fVashiu gton dnily fur \ 
 Boston, via Baltiiimre, Phihulilphia, and .V. Yurk. Steamboat for JVor/oZA;. | 
 StaffesforSt. Louis, Cinciiuidti, Detroit, S,-c. Steamboat, railroad, andstage 
 line for jY. O. via Richmond, IViiminglvu, Charleston, .Mobile. See routex j 
 
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 103 
 
 No traveller should leave Washington without making a pilgrimage to 
 Mount Vernon. It is on the bank of the Potomac, fifteen miles from the 
 city. A recent traveller thus describes the spot and his visit. "Altera 
 few miles of riding through the forest, with occasional openings and culti- 
 vated spots, my friend pointed out a stone sunk in the ground by the road- 
 side, which, he said, marked the beginning of the Mount Vernon estate. 
 Still we rode on for a couple of miles, before the gate and porter's lodge 
 came in sight. After passing the gate, we had still a distance of half a 
 mile before us, and the simple carriage-path led us over a surfiice much 
 diversified, while the trees were most grand and forest-like. We crossed 
 a brook, passed through a ravine, and felt ourselves so completely in the 
 midst of aboriginal, untouched nature, that the sight of the house and the 
 cluster of surrcundmg buildrigs, came hke a surprise upon me. The 
 approach to the 
 house is toward^ 
 the west front. — 
 The door from 
 the piazza open 
 ed directly into : 
 a large room, 
 which we enter 
 ed. It was no 
 mere habit that "'^i 
 lifted the hat from my head, and i stepped liijhliy, cis iiiougii upon 
 hallowed ground. . . . The rooms of the house are spacious, and 
 tl)ere is something of elegance in their arrangement; yet the whole is 
 marked by great simplicity. All the regard one could wisli, seems to 
 have been shown to the sacredness of these public relics, and all things 
 have been kept very nearly as Washington left them. Let every Ameri- 
 can, and especially every young American, visit this place, and catch, 
 something of its spirit. It will make an impression on him which 
 
 may endure through life At a short distance from the house, in a 
 
 retired spot, stands the new family tomb, a plain structure of brick, with 
 a barred iron gate, through which are seen two sarcophagi of white 
 marble, side by side, containing the remains of Washington and his 
 consort. The old family tomb, in which he was first placed, is in a more 
 picturesque situation, upon a knoll, in full view of the river; but the 
 present one is more retired, which was reason enough to determine the 
 wishes of a modest man." 
 
 Georgetown, on the left bank of the Potomac river, is two miles west of 
 Washington, from which it is separated by Rock creek, over which are 
 two bridges. The situation is pleasant, commanding a fine view of the 
 Potomac river, the city of Washington, and of the adjacent country ; and 
 it contains many elegant buildings and country-seats. It iias four banks, 
 a market-house, 7 churches, 6 academies, a college, and 7,312 in- 
 habitants. Georgetown College, founded in 1791, under the direction of 
 the Roman Catholics, has two spacious brick edifices, finely situated. 
 It has a president and 14 professors, or other instructors, 90 alumni, 140 
 students, and 25.000 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is 
 near the last of July. It was authorized by Congress, in 181.5, to confer 
 degrees. There is also a nunnery, called the Convent of Visitation, 
 founded in 1798, which contains from 50 to 70 nuns, attached to which is 
 a large female academy, which generally contains 100 young ladies, in- 
 structed by the nuns. The Chesapeake and Ohio canal commences at 
 
104 STATE OF VIRGINIA. 
 
 this place, which is designed to be extended to the Ohio river, and 
 which has been recently continued to Alexandria. Omnibuses arrive from 
 and depart for tVashini:lun every \5 minutes. 
 
 Alexandria, seven miles below Washington, is finely situated on the 
 right bank of the Potomac, which has a depth of water liere sufficient for 
 vessels of the largest class. The city is considerably elevated, ascending 
 gradually from the rivor; the streets cross each other at right angles. It 
 contains a court-house, 10 churches, two banks, two insurance com- 
 panies, a museum, 8 academics, and 8,500 inhabitants. The Museum is 
 well worth attention. It contains more personal relics of Gen. Washing- 
 ton than can be found elsewhere, and also a large and curious collection 
 of specimens in natural history. The city has considerable shipping, and 
 exports wheat, Indian corn, and tobacco. The Chesapeake and Ohio 
 canal extends to this place. Steamboats ply hourly to and from Washington. 
 
 X 
 
 C^'^^. if->iJfe^ VIRGINIA lies between 36© 33' and 40° 43' N. 
 '//["''^'ti'^^' '''' ' '^"'^ ^'^t^^^een 75° 25' and 83= 40' W. Ion. It is 
 (f'f iM "^ '^ 370 miles long and 200 broad at its greatest width, con- 
 I' 'M '' tuning 64,000 square miles. Population in 1840. 
 
 ^,] 1,239,797. 
 
 ^i^ Ufe-^ As regards surface and soil, this state may be di- 
 
 ^^S^^ , vided into four sections. The eastern includes a tract 
 of about 100 or 120 miles in width, and is generally 
 low and level, and in some places marshy ; it has a 
 ight sandy soil, mostly covered with pines. West of 
 ineof the head of tide-water the country becomes 
 undulating and hilly, until it attains one continuous 
 mountain elevation, known as the Blue Ridge, cross- 
 ing the entire width of the state. The alluvial lands in this tract are for 
 the most part very fertile, those of James river especially being un- 
 usually productive. The third section includes the valley between the 
 Blue Ridge and the Alleghany mountains. This tract, tho\igh in parts 
 broken by mountains, is generally the most fertile and healthy part of the 
 state. Tlie fourth section includes the country between the Alleghany 
 chain and the Ohio ; this portion, though in many places wild and broken, 
 has a great deal of fine fertile land, with vast dcposites of coal, iron, 
 salt, &c. 
 
 The Potomac river separates Virginia from Maryland. James river is 
 the largest which belongs to this state. It is 500 miles in length, and flows 
 from the mountains in the interior, behind the Blue Ridge, through which 
 it passes. It is navigable for sloops 120 miles, and for boats much further, 
 and flows into Chesapeake buy. The Appamattox is 130 miles long, and 
 
STATE OF VIRGINIA. 105 
 
 enters James river 100 miles above Hampton Roads, and is navigable 12 
 miles to Petersburg. The Rappahannock, 1.30 miles long, and navigable 
 110 miles for sloops, rises in the Blue Ridge, and flows into the Chesa- 
 peake. York river enters the Chesapeake 30 miles below the Rappahan- 
 nock, and is navigable 40 miles for ships. The Shenandoah enters the 
 Potomac just before its passage through the Blue Ridge. Of the rivers 
 west of the mountains, the Great Kanawha rises in North Carolina, 
 passes through this state, and enters the Ohio. The Little Kanawha also 
 flows into the Ohio. The Monongahela rises in this state, though it 
 runs chiefly iu Pennsylvania. — The lower part of Chesapeake bay lies 
 wholly in this state, is 15 miles wide at its mouth, and enters the Atlantic 
 between Cape Charles and Cape flenry. 
 
 The executive power is vested in a governor, elected by the joint vote of 
 the two houses of the General Assembly. He is chosen for tiiree years, 
 and is ineligible for the next three. There is a council of state, elected 
 in like manner for three years, the seat of one being vacated every year. 
 The senior councillor is lieutenant-governor. The senators can never be 
 more than 36, and the delegates than 150; and both are apportioned 
 anew among the counties every ten years. The senators are elected for 
 four years, and the seats of one-fourth of them are vacated every year. 
 The delegates are chosen annually. All appointments to any otfice of 
 trust, honor, or profit, by the legislature, are made openly, or viva voce, 
 and not by ballot. The judges of the Supreme Court of Appeals, and of 
 the superior courts, are elected by the joint vote of both houses of the 
 General Assembly, and hold their offices during good behavior, or until 
 removed by a joint vote of two-thirds of the legislsiture. 
 
 The right of sufl:'rage is extended to every resident white male citizen 
 21 years of age, entitled to vote by the former constitution ; or who 
 owns a freehold valued at $-2o, or a joint interest in a freehold to that 
 amount; or who has a life estate, or a reversionary title to land valued at 
 $50, having been so possessed for six months ; or who shall own, or be in 
 occupation of a leasehold estate having been recorded two months, for a 
 term not less than five years, of the annual value or rent of $-200; or who 
 for 12 months shall have been a housekeeper and head of a family, and 
 paid the taxes assessed by the commonwealth. 
 
 The literary institutions in this state are— William and Mary College, at 
 Williamsburg ; Hampden Sidney College, in Prince Edward county, 
 with a medical department in Richmond ; Washington College, at Lex- 
 ington; Randolph Macon College, at Boydton ; the University of Vir- 
 ginia, at Charlottesville; St. Vincent's ('ollege, at Richmond; and Rich- 
 mond College, do. There are theological schools at Richmond and in 
 Fairfax county. There are about 400 academies and 2,000 common schools. 
 
 Virginia is sometimes called the Ancient Dominion, having beon 
 settled in April, 1607, at Jamestown, on James river, which was the 
 first white settlement in the United States. In convention, June 25th, 1788, 
 the constitution of the United States was adopted — yeas 89, nays 79. 
 
 Jamestown, the first settlement in British America, was commenced by 
 Capt. John Smith and his companions. May 13th. 1607. The site is a 
 point of land projecting into James river, seven miles distant from Wil- 
 liamsburg. Of this interesting spot, little now remains but a church- 
 yard, and the tower of an ancient church— a venerable memento of an- 
 tiquity, carrying back the mind of the traveller, as he hurries by in a 
 passing steamer, to scenes long since vanished " down time's lengthening 
 way." 
 
 5* 
 
lUb STATE OF VIRGINIA. 
 
 Richmond, the capitul of the state, is beautifully situated on the 
 
 left bank of James river. 
 It the lower falls, and 150 
 miles above its entrance into 
 Chtsipeake bay. It is 117 
 miifs from Washington, and 
 .143 from New York. Popu- 
 lation m 1840, :20, 153. The 
 ,;, cit> l^ well situated for com- 
 mtrce, being at the head 
 ot tide water, on the river; 
 vesser> driwni^' tin ft » t of wnter ( oim to Rocket'', a mile below the 
 rentrp ot tht ( ity, mid tho^t drawiiitT J ) t( et to Warwick, 3 miles below. 
 There are locks around the falls in James river, and above them it is 
 navigable for boats 220 miles. A canal extends to Lynchburg, a distance 
 of 116 miles. Manchester is directly opposite to the city, and is con- 
 nected with it by two bridges. The situation of Richmond is healthy and 
 highly picturesque. The streets cross each other at right angles, and the 
 houses are well built. Shockoe and Richmond hills are opposite to each 
 other, Shockoe oreek passing between them : the city is spread over these 
 hills and along the margin of the creek. Shockoe Hill, which is a 
 favorite place of residence, is an elevated plain ; and near its brow is 
 Capitol Square, a beautiful public ground. In the centre of this ground 
 stands the Capitol, in a conspicuous and commanding situation, having a 
 portico in front, with an entablature supported by lofty Ionic columns. 
 Within the building, in an open hall, stands a marble statue of Washing- 
 ton, by Hodoun. The City-hall, fronting the Capitol Square, is an ele- 
 gant building of the Grecian order of architecture. There are in the city 
 23 churches, 3 banks, two insurance companies, an armory, a theatre, 
 a female asylum, a penitentiary, 13 academies, and a free Lancasterian 
 school. The city is supplied with water which is elevated by hydraulic 
 power into three reservoirs containing a million of gallons each, from 
 which it is distributed in pipes throughout the city. — The Medical de- 
 partment of Hampden Sidney College has a fine building of the Egyptian 
 order of architecture ; it has a dean and five members of the faculty. St. 
 Vincent's College, under the control of the Roman Catholics, is about 
 one mile east of the city. It has a president and about 50 students. 
 Richmond College, under the direction of the Baptists, is one mile 
 west of the city. It has a president, 5 professors, and 100 students. 
 
 Richmond was founded in 1742, and was made the capital of the state 
 in 1780. — Steamboats leave daily for Hampton Roads, Norfolk, S,'c. Cars 
 arrive from, and depart daily for Washington, (fare $5 ;) for Wilming- 
 ton. JV. C. {fare $10.50;) for GordonsviUe, {fare $3.25;) and fin- 
 Raleigh, JV. C. Stages leave 3 times a week for Staunton, for White 
 Sulphur Springs via Lynchburg ; for Milton, JV. C. ; and for Old Point 
 Cornfort ; and twice a week for Rappahannock. 
 
 Norfolk is on the right bank of Elizabeth river, eight miles above its 
 entrance into Hampton Roads, and lOfi miles from Richmond. The situa- 
 tion is low, and the streets are crooked and irregular. It contains a 
 custom-house, a court-house, a market-house, a theatre, four banks, eight 
 churches, an academy, u, Lancasterian school, an orphan asylum, an 
 atheneum, and 12,000 inhabitants. Ports mottth is on the left bank of 
 the river, and immediately opposite to Norfolk. It contains a court 
 house, six churches, a bank, and about 7.000 inhabitants. The United 
 
SI Alii Vt VlKUliNiA. 
 
 IVJi 
 
 States Navy Yard is situated in the part of tlie town known as Gosport, 
 where has been constructed a large and costly drydock, and extensive 
 buildings, worksliops, &c., used in the construction of naval architecture. 
 The Virginia Literary, Scientitic, and Military Academy, establislied in 
 1840, has 40 pupils. The United States Naval Hospital is a short dis- 
 tance from the Navy Yard. The harbor of Norfolk and Portsmouth, the 
 entrance to which is through Hampton Roads, is one of the best on the 
 Atlantic coast. Steanibnats leave daily fur Richmond, for Washington, 
 and fur Baltimore. Cars leave daily for IVilmington, JV. C, via 
 Oareys. Stages leave for Petersburg ; and fur Edenton, JV. C, 
 
 Hampton, on the left bank of James river, contains a court-house, four 
 churches, and about 1,'200 inhabitants. Hampton Roads is a safe and 
 capacious harbor, sutficiently deep for the largest ships of war, and is 
 amply defended by forts Monroe and Calhoun. The channel leading in 
 from the Capes of Virginia to Hampton Roads, is reduced at Old Point 
 
 Ckrmfort to a very narrow width. The shoal water, under the action of 
 the sea and the reaction of the bar, is kept in an unremitting ripple; 
 which circumstance has given to this place the name of the Rip Raps. 
 Fort Monroe is an immense fortress, and will mount 335 guns, 130 of 
 which are under bomb-proof covers; Fort Calhoun, or the Castle of the 
 Rip Raps, is directly opposite to Fort Monroe, at a distance of 1,900 
 yards, and will mount 265 guns, most of which will be under cover. The 
 beach at Old Point Comfort affords excellent bathing-ground ; this, with a 
 fine hotel, and other attractions, cause the place to be much resorted to 
 in the summer months. Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for 
 Baltimore; for Washington; for Richmond, and for JVorfolk. 
 
 PETERSBURa is situated on the right hank of Appomattox river, twelve 
 miles above its entrance into James river, and 22 miles from Richmond. 
 Vessels of light draught come up to its docks. The falls of the river here 
 afford extensive water-power. It has a court-house. Masonic-hall, two 
 banks, nine churciies, eight ^^-. ^^g,^g^g ^=E=gg5 1 g£i3.^ -_^— ^3; g^j ^^_. 
 academies, extensive manu- " ^ 
 
 factories, mills, &c., and; 
 about 12,000 inhabitants. Iv 
 exports largely flour and to- 
 bacco. Blnnford Church, in '' 
 the vicinity, is one of the most 
 picturesque ruins in the coun- 
 try. Cars arrive from, and 
 depart daily for Wilmington, 
 JV. C. ; for Raleigh ; and for Washington via Richmond. Steamboats 
 leave daily for J^Turfolk. Stages leave 3 times a week for TVliite. Sulphur 
 Springs via Lynchburg, and for J^Torfolk. 
 
 WiLLi.vMSBURG, the oldest incorporated town in the state, and once 
 the capital, is finely situated on a level plain, between York and James 
 rivers. It is 58 miles from Richmond, 68 from Norfolk, and contains 3 
 
J \jr} 
 
 STATli Ob VIRGIiVIA. 
 
 churches, the magazine, the buildings of William and Mary Colleges, the 
 Easton Lunatic Asylum, two seminaries, nnd 1,GOO inhahitants. In ihe 
 square, fronting the College, stands the statue of Lord Bottetourt, one of 
 the colonial governors. It is much mutilated, though sMll presenting a 
 
 sped men of elegant sculpture. 
 IVilliinn and Mary College, 
 excepting Harvard Universi- 
 ty, is the oldest literary in- 
 stitution in the Union. It is 
 distinguished for the very 
 large portion of its gradu- 
 ates who have risen to emi- 
 nence ; some of whom have 
 held the highest stations in 
 the Republic. It was founded in 16il-2, in the reign of William and Mary, 
 who granted it a donation of 20,000 acres of land. It has a president and 
 five professors, 100 students, and 4,000 volumes in its libraries. The com- 
 mencement is on the fourth of July. There is a law department in this 
 institution. (See route 285.) 
 
 YoRKTowN, on the right bank of York river, 70 miles from Richmond, 
 was founded in 1705, and was once a flourishing village ; it has now about 
 40 dwellings, many of which are dilapidated and fast going to decay. It 
 is memorable as the place where Lord Cornwallis surrendered his forces to 
 the combined armies of America and France. 
 
 Fredericksburg, situated on the right bank of Rappahannock river, 
 56 miles from Washington, is regularly laid out, and presents a beautiful 
 appearance from the heights by which it is surrounded. The falls of the 
 river afford good water-power: vessels of 140 tons come up to the foot of 
 the falls. It contains a court-house, two banks, an orphan asylum, five 
 churches, five academies, and about 4,000 inhabitants. Cars arrire from, 
 and depart, daily for Waghington, and fur Richmond. Stages leave 3 
 times a iceek for StauntMUvia Charlottesville ; twice a week for Winchester, 
 and for Ynrktown. 
 
 Warrenton is a beautiful village 56 miles from Washington. It con- 
 tains a court-house, three churches, two academies, and i,400 inhabitants. 
 The Fanquier White Sulphur Springs are six miles southwest from 
 Warrenton. Tiie improvements are very extensive, and the grounds 
 beautifully adorned with shrubbery. The waters are in much repute. 
 Stages arrive from, and depart 3 times a week (daily in summer] for 
 Washington, and for Fredericksburg. 
 
 Charlottesville is beautifully situated in a fertile valley on the right 
 bank of Rivanna river, 83 miles from Richmond. It is handsomely built, 
 and contains four churches, an academy, a female seminary, and about 
 2,000 inhabitants. It is the seat of the University of Virginia, which was 
 planned by Mr. Jefferson. The buildings are arranged on three sides of a 
 grassy parallelogram, at the upper end of which stands a large rotunda 
 containing the library and lecture-rooms. It has a fine philosophical and 
 chemical apparatus, a cabinet, an anatomical museum, and an astronomical 
 observatory. The buildings include ten pavilions for the professors, and 
 109 dormitories and six hotels for the accommodation of the students. 
 The institution went into operation in 1825, and has nine professors, 1,236 
 alumni, 200 students, and 16,000 volumes in its libraries. The com- 
 mencement is on ihe fourth of July. .Montirrllo, formerly the seat of 
 Thomas Jelfersoii, is three miles southeast from Charlottesville. Stages 
 
STATE OF VIRGINIA. 109 
 
 m eonneetian with railroad cars leave daily for Richmond ; stages daily 
 for fVashington, and for JVhite ,'Su/phur Springs : and 3 times a week for 
 Predericksburg and for lAinchburg. 
 
 Lynchburg is situated on tlie right bank of James river, 116 miles from 
 Richmond, on a steep declivity, and is surrounded by bold and beautiful 
 scenery. It contains two banks, three savings banks, eight churches, 15 
 classical scliools, a library, 30 tobacco manufactories, several extensive 
 flouring-mills, and about 7,000 inhabitants. It is a great tobacco mart, 
 and has an extensive mercantile trade. The town is supplied with water 
 from the James river, raised by hydraulic power into a reservoir capable 
 of containing 400,000 gallons, elevated 253 feet above the river, from 
 whence the water is distributed in iron pipes. The James river canal 
 extends to Richmond, a distance of 147 miles. Stages leave three times a 
 week for Gnyandotte via fVhite Sulphur Springs ; for Abingdon ; for 
 Salisbury, JV. C, via Danville ; and for Richmond and Petersburg. 
 
 Farmvillk, situated on the right bank of the Appomattox river. 75 
 miles from Richmond, contains three churches, a bank, ten tobacco 
 factories, and about 1,400 inhabitants. Ten miles southwest is //amptZen 
 Sydney College, founded in 1774, and chartered as a college in 1783. It has 
 a president, five professors, 70 students, and 8,000 volumes in its libraries. 
 The commencement is on the fourth Wednesday in September. In the 
 vicinity of the college is the Union Theological Seminary, founded in 
 1824. It has three professors, 20 students, 175 graduates, and 4,000 
 volumes in its libraries. Stages leave FarmviUe 3 times a week for Rich- 
 mond; for Charlottesville ; for Lynchburg ; and for Petersburg. 
 
 Martinsburg, on the line of tiie Baltimore and Oliio railroad, is 20 
 miles from Harper's Ferry. It contains a court-house, 6 churches, two 
 academies, and about 1,700 inhabitants. Berkeley Spri?igs, twenty-five 
 miles from Martinsburg, are much frequented, and are in high repute. 
 The waters are but slightly impregnated with mineral ingredients. 
 
 Harper's Ferry is at thejunctionofthe Shenandoah and Potomac rivers, 
 81 miles from Baltimore and 63 from Washington. The scenery here is 
 perhaps the most singularly picturesque in America. To attain the ele- 
 vation from which the view is taken heading our description of the state 
 of Virginia, (see page 104,) rt is necessary to climb the Blue Ridge by a 
 narrow winding path immediately above the bank of the Potomac. The 
 junction of the two rivers is immediately beneath the spectator's feet ; and 
 his delighted eye, resting, first upon the beautiful village of Harper's 
 Ferry, wanders over the wide and woody plains extending to the Alle- 
 ghany Mountains. (For a particular and masterly description, see Jeffer- 
 son's Notes on Virginia.) The village contains a national arsenal and 
 armory, four churches, an academy, and about 3,000 inhabitants. In the 
 armory are employed about 250 persons, manufacturing 9,000 stand of 
 arms annually; and in t'^*" -ircon-ai nro ^t,.r(.A f,.,j,v, «o to 9^^ 'X)0 stand 
 of arms. Cars leave daily t r I> t ii i t n ( umberland, and for 
 Winchester. 
 
 Charlestown, 8 mile*! ^^___ ^„.-p^,„„,^ 
 
 from Harper's Ferry, oon ^-•^•S- ,^x^ ^.:^22l^ ""^^ "^- 
 
 tains a court-house, a bank ^.l^^^ \ j^^rT"^^^V: "-t-^n 
 
 an academy, 3 churchp> 
 
 and 1,500 inhabitants. The 
 
 Shannondale Springs are_ 
 
 five miles distant from" 
 
 Charlestown, from which stages run daily. The Springs are upon the 
 
110 STATE OF VIRGINIA. 
 
 Shannondale river, near tlie Blue Ridge. The waters contain sulphate ' 
 of lime, carbonate of lime, sulphate of magnegia, muriate of magnesia, 
 muriate of soda, sulphate of iron, carbonate of iron, sulphureted hydrogen, 
 and carbonic acid They closely reseirible the celebrated Bedford waters • 
 in composition, operation, and efficacy. The scenery in the vicinity of 
 these springs is varied and picturesque. Cars arrive at Charlestoicn in 7 
 hours from Baltimore. 
 
 Winchester is situated in a fertile valley, 113 miles from Baltimore and 
 146 from Richmond. The streets are regularly laid out and tlie houses hand- 
 somely built. It has a courthouse, lyceuin, Miisonic-hall, \'i churches, 
 two banks, a savings institution, an academy, and 3,500 inhabitants. The 
 place is supplied with water brought from a spring through iron pipes. 
 Jordan^s White Sulphur Springs, 6 miles north from Winchester, have 
 lately come into notice. Tiie waters are said to resemble the White 
 Sulphur Springs of Greenbrier. Cars arrive from, avd depart daily for 
 Baltimore. Stages leave 3 times a wetk for fVashington, for the White 
 Sulphur Springs, and also for Parkersburg. 
 
 VVooPSTocK. 62 miles from Harper's Fer-y, on the north branch of the 
 Shenandoah river, contains a court-house, an academy, a Masonic-liall, 3 
 churches, and 1,000 inhabitants. The Orkney or Yellow Springs are 
 about 18 miles from Woodstock. Tiiere are several lively spiinps. the 
 waters of which are strongly chalybeate, and have been found beneficial 
 for several complaints. (See route 268.) 
 
 Staunton, 207 miles from Baltimore, 102 from Washington, and 120 
 from Richmond, is on the head waters of the Shenandoah river. It con- 
 tains a court-house, the Western Lunatic Asylum, tiie Virginia Institu- 
 tion for tlie Deaf and Dumb and the Blind, two academies, two seminaries, 
 4 churches, and 2,200 inhabitants. The Jiiigusta Springs are twelve ■ 
 miles NW. of Staunton. The water is strongly impregn.'ited with 
 pulphureted hydrogen, and is said to equal the celebrated H.irrowgato 
 waters, England. The accommodations for visitors are ample, and tho 
 situation is extremely picturesque. The Cyclopean towers, near these 
 springs, are among the most wonderful curiosities of Virginia. Weir's 
 Cave is 17 miles iNW. of Staunton, in a hill a short distance west of the 
 Blue Ridge. " Its dimensions, by the most direct course, are more than 
 1,600 feet ; and by more winding putlis, twice that length ; and its objects 
 are remarkable for their variety, formation, and beauty. In both respects 
 it will, I think, compare, without injury to itself, with the celebrated 
 Grotto of Antiparos," Stages arrive and depart 3 times a week for Bal- 
 timore via Harper' s Ferry ; for Washington via Charl.ul.tesville, and 
 Fredericksburg ; for Richmond, for the White Sulphur Springs, and for 
 Knoxvillc, via Fincastle, .Abingdon, Src. (See route 281.) 
 
 The Warm Springs, 57 miles from Staunton, are delightfully situated, 
 in a narrow and fertile valley, between two mountain ranges. Besides 
 the county buildings and the elegant hotels, tlicre are but few dwellings. 
 The waters of the Warm Springs aftbrd the most lu.xurious bathing in 
 the world ; they contain neutral salts, and various gases, which act as a 
 gentle aoerient, diuretic and sudorific, and give tone and vigor to the 
 system. The Hot Springs are five miles from the Warm, in the same 
 beautiful valley with the latter. The waters of the Hot Springs contain 
 nitrogen and carbonic acid, carbonate of lime, sulphate of lime, sulphate 
 of soda, sulphate of magnesia, muriate of soda, silica, and a trace of 
 oxide of iron. (See route 281.) 
 
STATE OF VIRGINIA. 
 
 Ill 
 
 
 Thl U hue Sli Pin ii Si'risgs, the mott celebrated wntering place of 
 Virginia, are Mtudted 229 mile^ troin Richmond, on the v\e>tern dechvity of 
 the Alleghany mountains, in an extensive valley, as picturesque as fancy ever 
 sketched upon the lap of nature. The spring discharges 18 gallons of 
 water per minute, at a uniform temperature of 60° of Fahrenheit. It con- 
 tains sulphate of lime, sulphate of soda, carbonate of magnesia, chloride 
 of calcium, sulpho-hydrate of sodium, carbonate of lime, chloride of 
 sodium, per-oxide of iron, organic niiitter, iodine, sulphate of magnesia, 
 phosphate of lime, and precipitated sulphur, with the following gases — 
 carbonic acid, sulphureted hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. It is very 
 efficacious in dyspepsia, liver complaints, jaundice, gout, rheumatism, 
 diseases of the skin, and various other complaints. The accommodations 
 for visitors are elegant, and sufficiently extensive for 1,500 persons ; while 
 the fountain, walks, and grounds are tastefully arranged. The Blue Sulphur 
 Springs are twenty-two miles west, in a valley surrounded on three sides by 
 mountains, presenting wild and picturesque scenery. The buildings are 
 of brick, and sufficient to entertain commodiously 400 persons. The 
 water is similar to the White Sulphur, and the supply abundant. The 
 Sweet Springs are situated in a wide and beautiful valley, 18 miles from 
 the White Sulphur and 29 from Fincastle. The waters contain sulphate 
 of magnesia, muriate of soda, muriate of lime, sulphate of lime, carbon- 
 ate of magnesia, carbonate of lime, and silicious earth. About a mile 
 north of the Sweet Springs is the Red Spring of jilleghany. Tho 
 waters are said to be peculiarly efficacious in rheumatic complaints. The 
 Salt Sulphur Springs are twenty-five miles from the White Sulphur, and 
 three from the village of Union, on Indian Valley creek. There are three 
 springs— viz., the Sweet, the Salt Sulphur, and the New Spring. The 
 last contains a large portion of iodine, and is highly beneficial for scrofula, 
 and those affections for which iodine is given. The two first are some- 
 what alike in their properties. The Salt Sulphur contains sulphate of 
 lime, sulphate of magnesia, sulphate of soda, carbonate of lime, carbon- 
 ate of magnesia, ciiloride of sodium, chloride of magnesium, chloride 
 of calcium, iodine, (probably combined with sodium,) sulpho-hydrate of so- 
 dium and magnesium, sulphur, mingled with a peculiar organic matter, 
 peroxide of iron derived from protosulphate, sulphureted hydrogen, 
 nitrogen, oxygen, and carbonic acid. The temperature is 50^ Fahren- 
 heit. The Red Sulphur Springs are situated on Indian creek, 40 miles 
 from the White Sulphur, 16 miles from the Salt Sulphur. Tho water is 
 clear and cool — its temperature being 54° Fahrenheit — is strongly charged 
 with sulphureted hydrogen gas. and contains portions of several neutral 
 salts. Stages leave the fVhite Sulphur Sprivgs three times a week for 
 Washington via Charlottesville ; for Baltimore via Winchester ; for 
 Richmond via Lynchburg ; for Guy andotte ; and for Knoxville, Tenn. 
 
 Lexington is situated on an elevated bank on the west side of North 
 
LIZ STATE OF VIRGINIA. 
 
 river, a branch of James river, 146 miles from Richmond, and 32 from 
 Staunton. It contains a neat court-house, 4 churches, the buildings of 
 Washington College, and the Military Institution, a classical school, the 
 Ann Smith Female Academy, and 1,200 inhabitants. Washington Col- 
 lege, endowed in 1796 by the immortal Washington, and founded in 1812, 
 has a president and five professors, or other instructors, 126 alumni, 136 
 students, and 2,700 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is on 
 the last Thursday in June. Tho Virginia Military Institute, on the plan 
 of the school at West Point, has 3 professors and 60 cadets. Fourteen 
 miles southeasterly from Lexington is the Natural Bridge, a curiosity 
 of surpassing grandeur. The mean height of the bridge from the stream 
 to its upper surface is 21 5i ft. ; its average width is 80 ft., its length 93 ft. — 
 thickness of the arch 55 ft.— span of the arch 90 ft. (See route 299.) 
 
 FiNCASTLK. pleasantly situated on the southeast declivity of Catawba 
 valley, 175 miles from Richmond, contains a court-house, two academies, 
 4 churches, and 700 inhabitants. The Bottetourt Springs, twelve miles 
 from Fincastle, are much frequented, and the improvements are sufficient 
 to accommodate a large number of visitors. The waters contain sulphur, 
 magnesia, carbonic acid gas, &c. Daggers'' Springs are 18 miles from 
 Fincastle. The most active mineral ingredients in the water are carbona- 
 ted alkalies. There are good accommodations for visitors, and the neigh- 
 borhood abounds in picturesque scenery. Stages leave Fincastle 3 times 
 weekly for Lynchburg ; for Winchester : for Guyandotte via (Vhite Sul- 
 phur Springs ; and for Union via Sweet Springs. 
 
 Wytheville, 252 miles from Richmond, contains four churches and 
 about 700 inhabitants. Grayson Sulphur Springs, 20 miles from Wythe- 
 ville, are situated on the bank of New river, surrounded by scenery of a 
 remarkably wild and picturesque character. The waters contain carbon- 
 ate of soda, carbonate of magnesia, carbonate of lime, sulphate of lime, 
 sulphate of magnesia, chloride of sodium, chloride of calcium, chloride 
 of magnesium, sulphate of soda, &c. (See route 303.) 
 
 Abingdon, situated between the forks of Holston river, 8 miles north 
 of the Tennessee line, is the most considerable and flourishing town in 
 SW^. Virginia. Here are a court-house, two academies, four churches, 
 several manufacturing establishments, and about 1,200 inhabitants. 
 Emory and Henry College, founded in 1838, by the Methodist Episcopal 
 Church, is ten miles from the village It has a president, two professors, 
 one tutor, 125 students, and 2,800 volumes in its libraries. The com- 
 mencement is on the last Wednesday in June. The Chilhowee Sulphur 
 ■Springs are within 18 miles of Abingdon. Stages leave Mingdon 
 3 times a week for Lynchburg, for Winchester, and for Knoxville, Tenn, 
 
 EsTiLLviLLE, situated near the Clinch river, is a small village of 
 about 60 dwellings, one church, and a court-house. Four miles from it 
 are the Holston Springs, the waters of which possess highly medicinal 
 properties, and are very similar to the White Sulphur. Ths uniform 
 temperature of the water is 68p, which renders it a natural medicated 
 bath of tiie most agreeable degree of beat. The J^"atural Tunnd is twelve 
 miles west from the village. The passage through the mountain is about 
 450 feet in length. A stream of water passes through it and a stage-road 
 over it. The entrance on the upper side of the ridge is in a high degree 
 imposing and picturesque ; but on the lower side the grandeur of the 
 Bcene is greatly heightened by the superior magnitude of the clifFs. which 
 rise perpendicularly more than 300 feet. Stages leave 3 times a week for 
 the White Sulphur Springs, and for Cumberland Gap, Tenn. 
 
STATE OF VIRGINIA. 113 
 
 Wkllsburo, on the left bank of the Oliio river. 87 miles from Pitts- 
 burg, contains a court-liouse, 5 churches, 2 academies, a bank, several 
 extensive factories, and 2,000 inhabitants. Bethany is eight miles east 
 from Wellsburg. It has a few dwellings and the buildings of Bethany 
 Colkgt This nistitution lids a president, 4 protcssors, and 100 students. 
 
 Whueung is situateu on me lett oanK ot Ohio nver, at tne rnouih of 
 Wheeling creek, 104 miles below Pittsburg by the river, and is surrounded 
 by bbid and precipitous hills, containing vast quantities of bituminous 
 coal. It contains a handsome court-house, two academies, two banks 
 and a savings institution, 12 churches, a theatre, the Wheeling Institute, 
 a Masonic-hall, a large number of mills and factories, and 8.000 inhabi- 
 tants. The city is well supplied with water, raised from the Ohio river. 
 Steamboats leave daily for Cincinnati, S'c. (See route 6-20.) Stagfs in 
 convection with railroad cars leave daily for Baltimore, {fare $11.) 
 Stages arrive from, and depart dail / for Pittsburg ; for Cincinnati ; for 
 Maysville, Ky. ; and also for St ^^oiiis, via Columbus, Ohio, Indianapn 
 lis, la., and Terr e- Haute; three times a week for Ashtabula ; for Cleve- 
 land; for Sandusky ; and twice a week for Marietta, Ohio. 
 
 Elizabeth, 12 miles below Wheeling, on the left bank of the Ohio 
 river, contains a court-house and a few dwellings. Here, scattered over 
 a large plain, are very extensive ancient tumuli, consisting of one main 
 mound 116 feet high and 400 yards in circumference, surrounded by a 
 ditch, and encompassed by other similar but smaller mounds. 
 
 Parkersburg is situated on the north side of Little Kanawha river, at 
 its junction witli Ohio river, 209 miles, by the river, below Pittsburg. It 
 has a court-house, a hank, 4 churches, and about 1,200 inhabitants, and is 
 a flourishing village. Two miles below, in the Ohio, is Blunnerhassefs 
 Island, a beautifully wooded spot, celebrated as the residence of Mr. 
 Blanneriiasset. Stages leave 3 times a week for Baltimore, via Win Chester. 
 
 Point Pleasant is situated on the left bank of the Ohio river, at the 
 mouth of Great Kanawha river, 296 miles below Pittsburg by the course 
 of the river. It is on the site of one of the bloodiest battles ever fought 
 with the Indians in Virginia, which took place Oct. 10th, 1774. The 
 village contains a court-house, two churches, and about 500 inhabitants. 
 Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for Pittsbnrg and for Cin- 
 cinnati. Stages three times a week for the White Sulphur Springs, i^c. 
 
 GuYANDOTTE lies On the left bank of the Ohio river, at the entrance of 
 Guyandotte river, 337 miles below Pittsburg. It is the most important 
 point of steamboat embarkation and debarkation in Western Virginia, 
 with the exception of Wheeling, and is rapidly growing in importance in 
 this respect. It contains a church and about 800 inhabitants. Stages 
 leave 3 times a week for Richmond, for Washington, and for Baltimore 
 via the White Sulphur Springs. 
 
114 
 
 STATE OF OHIO. 
 
 ♦ » ji'fcS "^ * . OfMO 1k> b(U\f.n lat <f-^ U) \ uil 42° jN and 
 -\^%]?^* between HO" io and 84 47 V\ Ion It i» 210 iniled 
 ^^{lV -^' long trom north to south, and 200 miles broad; con- 
 T; taining 40,000 square miles. The population in 1840, 
 
 was 1,519,467, making it the third in population in the 
 
 United States. 
 The land in the interior of the state, and bordering 
 
 on Lake Erie, is generally level, and in some places 
 
 marshy. From one-quarter to one-third of the state, 
 comprehending the eastern and southeastern parts, bordering on the Ohio 
 river, is generally hilly and broken, but in no part mountainous. On the 
 margin of the Ohio river, and several of its tributaries, are alluvial lands 
 of great fertility. The valleys of the Scioto and the Great and Little 
 Miami, are the most extensive sections of level, rich, and fertile lands in 
 the state. At the head of the Muskingum river are prairies of considera- 
 ble extent, some of which are wet, though generally dry and fertile. The 
 height of land which divides the waters which fall into the Ohio from 
 those which fall into Lake Erie, is the most marshy of any in the state; 
 while tlie land on the margin of the rivers is generally dry. Wheat may 
 be regarded as the staple production of the state, though Indian corn and 
 other grains are largely cultivated. 
 
 The Oliio river, wliich gives name to the state, washes its entire southern 
 border. This river is 1,004 miles long, from Pittsburg to its mouth, 
 by its various windings, thougli it is only 614 in a direct line. Its cur- 
 rent is gentle, with no falls excepting at Louisville, Kentucky, , where 
 there is a descent of 22^ feet in two miles, (which is obviated by a canal.) 
 For about half the year it is navigable for steamboats of a large class 
 through its whole course. The Muskingum, the largest river which flows 
 entirely in this state, is formed by tlie junction of the Tuscarawas and 
 VVal bonding rivers, and enters the Ohio at Marietta. It is navigable for 
 boats JOG miles. The Scioto, the second river in magnitude, flowing en- 
 tirely within the slate, is about 200 miles long, and enters the Ohio at 
 Portsmouth. Its largest branch is the Whetstone, or Olentangy, which 
 joins it immediately above Columbus; it is navigable for boats 130 miles. 
 The Great Miami, a rapid river in tlie western part of the state, is 100 
 miles long, and enters the Ohio in the SW. corner of the state. The 
 Little Miami has a course of 70 miles, and enters the Ohio seven miles 
 above Cincinnati. The Maumee, 100 miles long, rises in Indiana, runs 
 through the northwest part of the state, and enters Lake Erie at Maumee 
 bay. It is navigable for steamboats to Perryshurg, 18 miles from the lake, 
 and above the rapids is beatable for a considerable distance. The San- 
 dusky rises in the northern part of the state, and after a course of about 
 80 miles, enters Sandusky bay, and thence into Lake Erie. The Cuyahoga 
 
STATE OF OHIO. 
 
 115 
 
 rises in the nortli part of the state, and, after a curved course of 60 miles, 
 enters Lake Erie at Cleveland. It has a number of falls which furnish 
 valuable mill-seats. Besides these, there are Huron, Vermilion, Black, 
 Grand, and Ashtabula rivers, which fall into Lake Erie. 
 
 The governor is elected by the people for two years. The senators are 
 chosen biennially, and are apportioned according to the number of 
 male white inhabitants over 21 years of age. Tlie number can never 
 be less than one-third, nor more than one-half the number of the repre- 
 sentatives. The representatives are apportioned aiuong the counties 
 according to tiie number of inhabitants over 21 years of age, and there 
 can never be more than 72 nor less than 36.— The judges of the Supreme 
 Court and other courts are elected by the joint-ballot of the legislature, 
 for the term of seven years. — The right of suffrage is enjoyed by nil white 
 male citizens over 21 years of age, who have resided in the state one 
 year next preceding the election, and who have paid or been assessed 
 with a state or county tax. 
 
 Literary Institutions : — The University of Ohio, at Athens ; the Miami 
 University, at Oxford ; Franklin College, at New Athens ; the Western 
 Reserve College, at Hudson; Granville College, at Granville; Oberlin 
 Collegiate Institute, at Oberlin ; Cincinnati College, at Cincinnati ; Kenyon 
 College, at Gambier ; Marietta College, at Marietta; Willoughly Uni- 
 versity, at Willoughly ; Lane Theological Seminary, at Cincinnati. 
 There are also theological departments in Kenyon, Western Reserve, 
 and Granville colleges, and in the Oberlin Institute ; a Lutheran Theologi- 
 cal School at Columbus ; two medical and one law^school at Cincinnati. 
 There are in the state 75 academies and .5,200 common schools. 
 
 The first permanent settlement in Ohio was made in 1788, at Marietta. 
 In 1802 Ohio was admitted into the Union. 
 
 ir-^. 
 
 Cincinnati, the largest city in the 
 state, is situated on the right bank of 
 the Ohio river, 455 miles below Pittsburg, and 1,548 above New Orleans. 
 It is the largest city of the west, north of New Orleans, and the sixth 
 in population in the United States. Population in 1840, 46,338; in 
 184.5, 
 
 The city is near the eastern extremity of a valley of about 12 miles in 
 circumference, surrounded by beautiful hills which rise to the height of 
 300 feet by gentle slopes, which are mostly covered by trees. It is built on two 
 table-lands, the one from 40 to 60 feet higher than the other. The upper 
 plain of Cincinnati is 25 feet below the level of Lake Erie. The shore at 
 the landing-place is paved to low-water mark, and supplied with floating 
 wharves adapted to the great rise and fall of water in the river.— The 
 central part of the city is compactly and finely built with spacious ware- 
 houses, stores, and dwellings, generally of brick. Many of the streets are 
 well paved and extensively planted with shade trees. The climate is 
 variable, but is considered healthy. 
 
 Cincinnati contains many literary and charitable institutions. The 
 
116 STATE OF OHIO. i 
 
 Cincinnati College, founded in 1819, has fine grounds and a valuable 
 building in the centre of the city. It has a president, 7 professors or 
 other instructors, and IGO students. The commencement is on the lasfci 
 Monday in June. Woodward College has a president, tive professors orl 
 other instructors, 20 students, and 800 volumes in its libraries. St. Xavierj 
 College, founded in 1840, under the direction of the Roman Catholics,! 
 has a president and other instructors, about 100 students, and from 4 to; 
 5,000 volumes in its libraries. Lane Seminary, a Presbyterian Theological! 
 Institution, opened in 1833, and located at Walnut Hills, two miles from 
 the city, has 3 professors, 62 students, and 10,300 volumes in its hbraries. 
 Its anniversary is on the second Wednesday in June. The Medical Col- 
 lege of Ohio, chartered and placed under a board of trustees in 1825, ha» 
 large and commodious buildings, with lecture-rooms. &c. It has seven 
 professors, and over 2,000 volumes in its libraries. Its apparatus in, 
 anatomy, comparative anatomy, surgery, chemistry, and materia medica, 
 is very complete. The lectures commence on the lirst Monday in Novem-' 
 ber, annually. Its students, who number 130, have access to the Com- 
 mercial Hospital to witness operations and the treatment of patients byj 
 the faculty. The Cincinnati Law-school is connected with the Cincinnati, 
 College, and has 3 professors and 25 students. The Mechanics' Institute! 
 was chartered in 18-J8 for the Instruction of Mechanics, by lectures, fee, I 
 in the Arts and Sciences. It has a valuable philosophical and cliemical 
 apparatus, a library, and a reading-room. The Hall of the Institute ia 
 situated on Third-street, and contains an ample number of rooms, one of 
 which is devoted to the Western Academy of Natural Sciences. An 
 annual fair for encouraging Arts and Manufactures is held in another of< 
 the rooms, commencing on the third Monday in June. — The common or, 
 free schools are of a high order ; nine of them have buildings three storiesj 
 high, with various apparatus, 60 teachers, and about 4,000 scholars. Aj 
 college of teachers was established in 1821, for advancing the interests ofl 
 schools in the Mississippi valley. The Young Men's Mercantile Libraryl 
 Association has a library of 1,400 volumes and a reading-room. The! 
 Apprentices' Library, founded in 1821, contains 2,200 volumes. ! 
 
 The charitable institutions of the city are highly respectable. Therei 
 are two Roman Catholic asylums, and the Cincinnati Orphan Asylum.; 
 The Commercial Hospital and Lunatic Asylum of Ohio, incorporated in i 
 1821, has accommodations for 250 persona ; a part of the establishment ia\ 
 appropriated as a poorhouse. 
 
 There are 40 churches, a court-house, 4 markets, a United States Land- 
 office, a theatre, and a museum. The city is supplied with water raisedi 
 from the Ohio river by steam-power. A large water-power is obtained] 
 by the s\irplus water of the Miami canal, and manufacturing is carried onl 
 extensively. By means of canals, railroads, and macadamized turnpikes,] 
 Cincinnati enjoys great facilities for internal communication. The Miami' 
 canal extends to, and unites with the Wabash and Erie canal. Thes 
 Whitewater canal extends to Cambridge, 70 miles. , 
 
 Cincinnati was founded in 1789. and chartered as a city in 1819. ! 
 
 Steambunts leave daily for Pittsburg ; for St. Louis ; fur J^cw Orleans, 
 and the intermediate places. Cuj-s leave daily far Springjicld, cannectinff' 
 with lines of stages for Columbus, Zanesville, Wheeling ; for Cleveland, 
 and for Sandusky city. Stages leave daily for Dayton ; for St. Lemia 
 via Indianapolis; 3 times a week for ChilHcothe, and for Lancaster ; 
 twice a week for J^ashville via Lexington ; and also for KiwzvUlt ' 
 Tenn. Fare to Mew Orleans, from $12 to 20. (See route 620.) 
 
STATE OF OHIO. 117 
 
 Columbus, the capital of the state, is situated on the left bank of 
 Scioto river, immediately below the junction of Olentangy or Whetstone 
 river, 142 miles from Cleveland, and 127 from Cincinnati. It is regularly 
 laid out, with streets crossing each other at right angles. In the centre of 
 the city is a public square of 10 acres, handsomely enclosed. A bridge 
 across Scioto river connects it with Franklinton. 
 
 Upon the southwest corner of the public square stands the State House, 
 fronting the west, a brick edifice with two elevated stories, 75 feet long 
 by 50 wide, with a handsome cupola, the top of the spire of which is ele- 
 vated 106 feet aliove the ground, and from the balcony of which a beauti- 
 ful view is presented of the city, the winding Scioto, and of tlie surround- 
 ing country. It contains a Representatives' Hall on the lower floor, and 
 a Senate-chamber immediately above. Near it stands a building for the 
 public officers of the state. The State Penitentiary is an elegant and sub- 
 Btantial edifice, half a mile north of Broad-street, The Asylum for the 
 Deaf and Dumb stands half a mile east of the State-house. The State 
 Lunatic Asylum is on Broad-street, east of the State-house. The Institu- 
 tion for the Blind is situated near the asylums. The Theological Semi- 
 nary of the German Lutherans is on elevated ground, three-fourths of a 
 mile south of the State-house. 
 
 Columbus has 12 churches, many of which are very elegant buildings. 
 A canal eleven miles long connects it with the Ohio canal at Lockbourne. 
 Columbus was incorporated as a city in 1834. Stages leave daily for 
 fVheeling, Va. ; for Civcinnati, and for Portsmouth ; three times a week 
 for Cleveland ; and for Sandusky City. 
 
 Zanesville is beautifully situated on the left bank of Muskingum 
 river, opposite the mouth of Licking river, 73 miles from Wheeling. 
 The National road runs through it, and crosses the Muskingum by a fine 
 bridge. The village contains an elegant court-house, a market house, two 
 academies, an atheneum with a reading-room, a cabinet of minerals, and 
 a library of 9,000 volumes, a juvenile lyceum with a reading-room and 
 library, a bank. 9 churches, several extensive flouring-mills and ironworks, 
 and 4,766 inhabitants — including the suburbs, 7,000. From this place the 
 Muskingum, by dams and locks, has been made navigable to its mouth 
 on the Ohio. The site of the town was granted to Ebenezer Zane, by 
 Congress, as a reward for opening a bridle track from Wheeling to Mays- 
 ville. The village was laid out and the first cabin built in 1799. Stages 
 leave daily for Maysville, Ky. ; for Cincinnati, and for Wheeling ; three 
 times a week for Marietta, and for Cleveland via MassiUon. 
 
 Cambridge is situated on the east side of Wills creek, a branch of the 
 Muskingum river, over which is a fine bridge. It contains a courthouse, 
 an academy, 4 churches, and 2,(i00 inhabitants. (See route 275.) 
 
 St. Clairsville occupies an elevated situation on the National road, 
 116 miles from Cincinnati, and 11 from Wheeling, and contains six 
 churches, a court-house, a bank, an academy, and 2,000 inhabitants. 
 Stages pass daily from IVheelivg and from Columbus. 
 
 Marietta, named in honor of the unfortunate Maria Antoinette, is 
 pleasantly situated on the Muskingum river, at its entrance into Ohio 
 river, 196 miles below Pittsburg, Population 875. It is neatly built and 
 contains a court-house, a United States Land-office, 5 churches, a bank, a 
 lyceum, a female academy, a public library, and the Marietta Collegiate 
 Institute, founded in 1832. The Institute has 7 professors or other in- 
 structors, 50 students, and 3,.')00 volumes in its libraries. Manual labor is 
 connected with it. The commencement is on the last Wednesday in 
 
118 
 
 STATE OF OHIO. 
 
 July. Steamboats pass daily from Pittsburg, Cincinnati, <S-c., (5-c. | 
 Stages leave t/iree times a week for ZancsvUle, and twice a week for 
 IVheeling, Va. 
 
 Athens is prettily situated on the left bank of the Hocking river, 73 ' 
 
 miles from Columbus, and ' 
 contains a court-house, 3 | 
 churches, the buildings of - 
 the Ohio University, an acad- 
 .emy, and 800 inhabitants. 
 Tke Ohio University was j 
 Mounded in 1819, and en- 
 ^(i()wed with two townships j 
 vofhind. It has 8 professors, ; 
 149 alumni, 1G6 students, ' 
 and 2,500 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is on the first 
 Wednesday in August. Stages leave 3 times a week for Columbus via 
 Z,ancaster. i 
 
 Gallipolis has a pleasant situation on the right bank of Ohio river, 
 on elevated ground, 300 miles, by river, from Pittsburg. It contains a j 
 court-house, two churches, a bank, an academy, and about 600 inhabi- j 
 tants. An ancient mound lies near the village. Steamboats pass daily • 
 from Pittsburg and Cincinnati. 
 
 CiRCLKviLLE Hes on the left bank of Scioto river, 97 miles from Cin- 
 cinnati. The village contains an elegant court-house, 6 public offices, 5 ' 
 churches, a bank, an academy, and about 2,000 inhabitants. The Ohio 
 canal passes through the place, and crosses the river in a fine aqueduct, ] 
 and there is here an extensive water-power. Within the limits of tha | 
 town are two mounds or tumuli, one of which is square, and the other' 
 of Q circular form ; from the latter the place derives its- name. 
 
 Chillicothe, once the capital of the state, is handsomely situated on '. 
 the right bank of Scioto river, 98 miles from Cincinnati. The village is j 
 built between Paint creek on the south and the Scioto on the north, the j 
 streams being three-fourths of a mile apart. It has a court-house, two i 
 markets, a United States Land-office, a bank, 4 churches, two academies, ] 
 and 4,000 inhabitants. The Ohio canal passes through it. Near the | 
 village is a hill from which a fine view is obtained. In the vicinity, on 
 Paint creek, and even on what is now occupied by the town, formerly 
 stood several ancient tumuli, or mounds. St.nges pass through daily 
 for Zanesville ; for Columbus ; for Portsmouth ; and for Maysville, Ky. 
 
 Portsmouth is situated on the right bank of the Ohio river, at the en- j 
 trance of the Scioto river, 105 miles above Cincinnati. The Ohio canal, 
 which connects Lake Erie with the Ohio river, terminates at this place. ^ 
 The village contains a court-house, 5 churches, a bank, and about 2,000 
 inhabitants. Here are a number of mills and manufactories. Iron ore 
 and coal abound in the vicinity. The town is supplied with water from 
 the Oliio river, raised by steam-power. Steamboats pass daily for Whf-d- 
 ing, Pittsburg, (S-c, and for Cincinnati. Stages leave daily for Columbus. 
 
 Steiibenville is situated on the west bank of the Ohio river, 80 miles \ 
 below Pittsburg, by the river, and is regularly laid out. It contains a ] 
 courthouse, an elegant town-house, a bank, two academies, 6 churches, j 
 several extensive manufacturing establishments, and 3. .500 inhabitants, j 
 Stages leave daily for Pittsburg ; three times a week for IVashington. 
 Pa. : for Cambridge ; and for Canton ; and twice a week for Dover , 
 (See route 620.) i 
 
STATE OF OHIO. 
 
 iiy 
 
 Lll'-:.--i* 
 
 New Lisbon, situated on a branch of Little Beaver river, 59 miles from 
 Pittsburg, contains a court-iiouse, a bank, 6 churches, several manufac- 
 tories, and about 2,000 inhabitants. 
 
 Painksville is situated on elevated ground, on the left bank of Grand 
 river, three miles from Lake Erie and 29 from Cleveland. It has a court- 
 house, 4 churches, an academy, a bank, and 1,500 inhabitants. Fairport, 
 two miles north, is near the mouth of Grand river where there is a goud 
 liiirbor. WiLLOUQHBY. II miles southwest from Painesville, contains the 
 Willoiighby Medical College, two churches, and 700 inhabitants. Tho 
 College, chartered in 1834, has 9 professors and 126 students. Tho 
 lectures commence on the last Monday in October. Stages leave Paines- 
 ville da ill/ fur Buffalo via Erie ; and for Cleveland. 
 
 Cleveland is situated on nn elpvutcd phiin nt the entrance nf Cnyahoga 
 river into Lake Erie, 
 195 miles from Buf- 
 falo. Its harbor i-=^-^: 
 one of the best on ^c^ 
 the lake, spacious"^^' 
 and safe. The citj 
 is regularly laid out 
 and near its centre; 
 is a large publi 
 square. The bluff on wliicti it i>> built is 80 teet above the level of the 
 lake, from which an extensive and beautiful view is obtained, overlook- 
 ing the ineandering> of the Cuy.ihoga, the bhipping in the harbor, and the 
 passing vessels on the lake. The city contains a court-house, a bank, a 
 lyceum, a reading-room, five academies, twelve churches, and about 
 9,000 inhiibitants. The Ohio canal terminates here. The Medical De- 
 partment of the Western Reserve College, founded in 1844, has seven 
 professors and 111 students. The lectures commence on the first VVednes- 
 dny in November. The Western Reserve College is at Hudson, 24 miles 
 Bouthenst from Cleveland. The village contains several churches and 
 about 1,000 inhabitants. The College, founded in 1826, has a president, 
 5 professors, 82 alumni, 62 students, 6,500 volumes in its libraries, and an 
 extensive philosophical apparatus. The commencement is on the second 
 Wednesday in August. Steamboats arrive from, and depart dnily for 
 Buffalo ; and for Detroit, <S-c. Stages leave daily for Buffalo via Erie, 
 Pa. : for Toledo via Sandusky ; and for Pittsburi^, Pa. ; three times 
 ft tcerk for Zanesvillc via ./Ihron, Massillon, &-c. Canal boats leave daily 
 for Portsmouth and the intermediate places. (For route see canals in Ohio.) 
 
 Akron is situated on the Ohio canal, 38 miles from Cleveland. Tiie 
 canal, i)y a succession of locks, rises to the Portage summit. From the 
 •waste water of the canal, and from the Little Cuyahoga, an immense 
 water-power has been created. The village contains a court-house, five 
 churches, an academy, several extensive manufacturing establishments, 
 and 2,000 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times a icerkfor Cleveland. 
 
 Cuyahoga Falls is on the Cuyahoga river, five miles from Akron. 
 The river here passes through a deep channel in the rocks, and by succes- 
 sive cascades falls in a short distance 240 feet, causing an immense water- 
 power, which has been made e.xtensively available. The village has four 
 churches, a lyceum, an academy, and about 1,000 inhabitants. 
 
 Massillon, situated on the left bank of the Tuscarawas river, and 
 on the Ohio canal, contains a bank, three churches, and about 1,500 
 inhabitants. 
 
120 STATE OF OHIO. 
 
 Coshocton is situated on the left bank of the Muskingum river, and 
 contains 3 cliurches, a courthouse, and about 500 inhabitants. 
 
 Newark, 39 miles from Columbus, is on the Ohio canal. It has a 
 court-liouse, two academies, 9 churches, and about 3,000 inhabitants. 
 Gh-anviile, 7 miles from Newark, contains 5 churches. 3 seminaries, and 
 about 1,000 inhabitants. Granville College, one mile east of the village, 
 was founded in 1832, and has a president, 4 professors, 25 students, and 
 3,000 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is on the 2d Wednesday 
 in August. Stages leave fur Zanesville via JVewark 3 times a week. 
 Mt. Vernon, situated on Owl creek, a branch of Muskingum river, 51 
 
 miles from Columbus, con- 
 tains a court-house, ten 
 churches, several manu- 
 facturing establishments, 
 and two thousand five hun- 
 dred inhabitants. Gam- 
 bier, five miles from Mt. 
 Vernon, is the seat of 
 Kemion Collepe, loundod in lri26, (under tlie direction of the Episco- 
 palians,) whuh has a pre-idtnt, 7 protes-ors, 115 alumni, 57 students, 
 and 8,750 volumfs in its hbr.irits The Milage contains 2 churches, an 
 academy, and 300 inhabitunts. Stages leave Mt. Vernon^ times a week 
 for Cleveland ; and also for Columbus. 
 
 WoosTER, situated on Killbuck creek, 93 miles from Columbus, con- 
 tains a court-liouse, a United States Land-oflice, 7 churches, a bank, an 
 academy, and 2,000 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times a week for Pitts- 
 burg, Pa. ; for Cleveland ; for Sandusky City ; for Cincinnati via Colum- 
 bus ; and fur Zanesville. 
 
 Elyria, ] 16 miles north from Columbus, and 24 west from Cleveland, is 
 pleasantly situated on a plain between the two branches of Black river, 
 which unite half a mile below the village, and each of which has a 
 perpendicular fall of about 40 feet on opposite sides of the village, af- 
 fording extensive water-power. It contiiins a court-house, two churches, 
 an academy, several manufactories, and 1,000 inhabitants. Stages leave 
 daily for Cleveland, and fur Toledo. 
 
 Oberlin, 8 miles from Elyria, is the seat of Oberlin Collegiate Institute, 
 which embraces a male and female department, botii on the manual- 
 labor system. It was founded in 1834, and has a president, 9 professors 
 or other instructors, and 70 students. Stages arrive from, and depart for 
 Elyria daily. 
 
 Mansfield is 63 miles from Columbus and 69 from Sandusky. It is 
 prettily situated on elevated ground, and has a court-house, 6 churches, an 
 academy, and 1,800 inhabitants. Cars arrive from, and depart daily for 
 Sandusky. Stages leave 3 times a week for Culumbus ; for Tf'ooster ; 
 and for Bucyrus. 
 
 Sandusky City is situated on the south side of Sandusky bay, 3 milea 
 distant from Lake Erie, and .57 miles from Cleveland. During the sum- 
 mer months it is enlivened by the commerce and travel of the lakes, giving 
 it a bustling appearance. It is a rapidly improving town, and contains five 
 fine churches, an academy, and about 2,000 inhabitants. Immense 
 quantities of superior building-stone are quarried here. Cars leave daily 
 for Cincinnati via Springfield, <$-c. ; and also for Mansfield. Sta^e^i 
 leave for Cleveland and for Toledo; 3 times a week for Wooster. 
 Toledo is situated on the left bank of Maumee river, near its entrance 
 
into Maumee bay, 130 miles from Cleveland. The village contains be- 
 tween two and three thousand inhabitants, and since the completion of 
 the Wabash and Erie canal, it is rapidly growing into importance. A 
 great number of steamboats, canal boats,- and vessels on the lake are 
 constantly arriving here and departing. Cars arrive from, and de- 
 part daily for Hillsdale, Mich. , via Jldrian. Stages leave for Cleveland, 
 and canal packets for La Fayette, la.; and also for Cincinnati. 
 
 Maumke City, on the left bank of Maumee river, contains a court- 
 house, 5 churches, and 1,200 inhabitants. The water-power is inexiiausti- 
 ble, and already gives motion to several mills and manufactories. Perrys- 
 burg, nearly opposite to Maumee City, contains a court-house, live 
 churches, and about 1,000 inhabitants. (See route 307.) , 
 
 Bellkfontaink (named from the fine springs of limestone water with 
 which it is supplied) is 118 miles north of Cincinnati. It has a court- 
 house, several churches, an academy, and 800 inhabitants. Stages leave 
 daily for Cincinnati ; and for Sandusky City. 
 
 Springfield, situated on the left bank of Mad river, 85 miles from 
 Cincinnati, has a court-house, several churches, two academies, several 
 extensive mills and manufactories, and 2,500 inhabitants. Cars arrive 
 from, and depart daily for Cincinnati : stages daily for Wheeling, Va. ; 
 for Cleveland ; for Sandusky City ; and for Indianapolis. 
 
 Yellow Springs is 9 miles S. from Springfield. It is much resorted to 
 as a watering-place, having a commodious hotel and numerous cottages, 
 spread over green lawns and amidst deliglitful groves. The waters are 
 strongly impregnated with sulphur, and possess valuable medicinal proi>- 
 erties. 
 
 Xenia is pleasantly situated on a branch of Little Miami river, and 
 contains a court-house, 8 churches, and about 1,400 inhabitants. Cars 
 arrive from, and depart daily for Cincinnati ; stages for Columbus; and 
 also for Sandusky City ; three times a iceek for the Yellow Springs. 
 
 Sidney is situated on the west branch of the Great Miami river, 106 
 miles from Cincinnati, and contains a court-house, 6 churches, an 
 academy, and 1,000 inhabitants. Stages leave daily for Cincinnati. 
 
 Dayton is situated on the left bank of Great Miami river, just below 
 its junction with Mad river, 52 miles from Cincinnati. It is regularly laid 
 out, with spacious streets. The city contains a court-house and county 
 offices, a banking-house, a market-house, two academies, a female semi- 
 nary, 12 churches, and about 9,000 inhabitants. There are a number of 
 extensive mills and factories. The Miami canal passes through the 
 place. Stages leave daily for Cincinnati, for Odumbus, for Indianapolis, 
 la., and for Sydney. 
 
 Hamilton, situated on the left bank of Great Miami river, 23 miles 
 from Cincinnati, has a court-house, 5 churches, a bank, a female seminary, 
 and 1,800 inhabitants. Stages leave daily for Cincinnati and for 
 Dayton. 
 
 Oxford, 12 miles from Hamilton, is situated on a branch of Great 
 Miami river. The village contains the building of Miami University, 
 several churches, an academy, and about 800 inhabitants. The University 
 was founded in 1809, and endowed by the Congress of the United States 
 with 30 square miles of land ; it now yields an annual income of $4,500, 
 and is constantly increasing. This institution has a president, 5 pro- 
 fessors, 309 alumni, 105 students, and 4,500 volumes in ita libraries. Stages 
 lea»e'3 times a week fur Cincinnati; and fur Indianapolis. 
 6 
 
RAILROAD, STAGE, AND STEAMBOAT ROUTES, , 
 
 THROUGH i 
 
 THE CENTRAL STATES. 1 
 
 (206) F'm N.York TO 
 
 Philadelphia, 
 Via JVewark (S,- 
 ton, J\r. J. 
 
 Tren- 
 
 Steamboat.. 
 
 To Jersey City ... 
 
 JV. Jersey RR. 
 
 Newark 
 
 Elizabethtown ... 
 Rahway 
 
 S 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 9 
 14 
 
 19 
 27 
 31 
 
 Metuchiii 
 
 NewBrunsw'ick 
 
 Trenton &,■ JV. Bruns- 
 wick Railroad. 
 
 Kingston 141 45 
 
 Princeton depot. . 4 49 
 
 Trenton ilol 59 
 
 Philadelphia <S'- Trentcn 
 Railroad. 
 
 Morrisville, Pa. . , 
 
 Bristol 
 
 Steamboat. 
 Philadelphia.., 
 
 (207) F'm N. York to 
 Philadelphia, 
 
 Via S. Ambov ^- Bor- 
 dentown, JV. J. 
 Steamboat. 
 
 Elizabethport 
 
 Amboy 
 
 S. Amboy 
 
 Camden S,- Ambon RR 
 
 Spots wood 
 
 Hightstown 
 
 Sand Hills 
 
 Bordentown 
 
 Burlington .. 
 
 Camden 
 
 Steamboat. 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 C206) F'M N. York to 
 
 MiLFORD, Pa. 
 
 Via JVewark, JV. ,/. 
 To Jersey City ...I i 1 
 
 J\r. Jersey RR. \ 
 Newark i 8| 9 
 
 \ Morris (S- Essex 
 I Railroad. 
 
 Orange 
 
 Chatham 
 
 [Madison 
 
 MORRISTOWN.. 
 
 Stage. 
 
 jSuckasunny 
 
 Stanhope 
 
 Andover 
 
 Newton 
 
 Augusta 
 
 Branchville 
 
 Sandystown.... 
 
 [MlLFORD 
 
 1(209) F'm N.York TO 
 j Easton, Pa. 
 
 Via J\''ewark, JV. J. 
 
 4 
 
 13 
 
 11 
 
 «4 
 
 2 
 
 'Ai 
 
 5 
 
 31 
 
 9 
 
 40 
 
 
 45! 
 
 () 
 
 51 
 
 « 
 
 57: 
 
 
 H2 
 
 2 
 
 H4 
 
 10 
 
 '/4,| 
 
 6 
 
 80. 
 
 Lebanon . . . , 
 
 Clinton 
 
 Perry ville ... 
 Bloomsbury 
 Easton 
 
 (210 J) F'm Newark to 
 Dover. 
 
 To Morristnwn — 
 (see No. 208) . . . 
 
 Mendham 
 
 Chester 
 
 Schooley's Moun- 
 tain 
 
 Pleasant Grove... 
 
 Mansfield 
 
 New Village 
 
 Easton 
 
 31 
 
 -37i 
 5i43 
 
 6 49 
 
 4, 53 
 
 7 60 
 
 6 m 
 
 61 72 
 
 (210) F'm N.York TO 
 
 Easton, Pa. 
 
 Via FAizabethtown and 
 
 SomerviUe, JV. ./. 
 
 JVew Jersey RR. 
 
 To Newark I I 9 
 
 Elizabethtown ...I 51 14 
 Elizabethvort &/■ Somer- 
 viUe Railroad. 
 
 Westfield 
 
 Scotch Plains . 
 
 Plainfield 
 
 Newmarket . . . 
 Bound Brook.. 
 
 SOMERVILLE.. 
 
 stage. 
 North Branch. 
 Whitehouse. . . 
 
 ToBloomfield.. 
 W. Bloom field. 
 
 Caldwell 
 
 Pine Brook 
 
 Parsippany 
 
 Dover 
 
 (211) F'm New Bruns- 
 wick TO L'g Branch. 
 
 71 21 
 
 3' 24 
 
 3! 27 
 
 3| 30 
 
 3 33 
 
 V 
 
 4' 41 
 
 5 46, 
 
 To South River . 
 
 Spots wood I 5 
 
 Middletown Point] 9 
 
 Middletown 
 
 Leedsville I 5 
 
 Red Bank | 3 
 
 Shrewsbury 
 
 Long Branch.. 
 
 (212) F'm New Bruns- 
 wick TO Easton, Pa. 
 
 Via Somerr.iUe. 
 To Bound Brook. I I 6 
 
 Somerville 4 10 
 
 Easton— 
 (see No. 209) .. . |38 48 
 
 (213) F'm Trenton TO 
 Long Branch. 
 
 I 6 
 6i 12 
 
 7[ 19 
 3 22 
 
 37 
 
 To Yard ville .. 
 
 AUentown 
 
 Hightstown 
 
 Cranberry 
 
 Englishtown ... 
 
 Freehold 
 
 Colt's Neck .... 
 
 Eatontown 
 
 Long Branch 
 
 (214) F'M Trenton TO 
 
 Mansfield. 
 ITo Pennington...! I S 
 iWoodsville I 5l 13 
 
ROUTES IN PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 123 
 
 Ringoes 
 
 Fleniington.. 
 
 Clinton 
 
 Clarksville .. 
 Mansfield. 
 
 (215) Fr'm Philadel 
 phia to tuckerton. 
 To Camden, N.J. 
 
 Evesham 
 
 Atsioii 
 
 Sooy's Inn 
 
 Bass River Hotel. 
 TuCKERTON 
 
 (216) Fr'm Philadel- 
 phia TO AB.SECOMBE. 
 To Camden, N.J, 
 
 Huddontield 
 
 Long-a-Coming.. 
 
 VV'inslow 
 
 May's Landing .. 
 
 Bargaiatown 
 
 Absecombe 
 
 Camden <S- Woodbury 
 
 Railroad. 
 Woodbury .... 
 
 atage. 
 Clarksboro' .. . 
 Svvedesboro' . . 
 Sharpstown . . . 
 Salem 
 
 (217) F'm Philadel'a 
 
 TO Cape Island, 
 
 Via Tuckahne. 
 
 ToCamden, N. J. 
 Chew's Landing . 
 
 Good Intent 
 
 Cross Keys 
 
 Tuckahoe 
 
 Dennis' Creek 
 
 Cape Island— 
 (see No. 217) . . . 
 
 85 
 
 (218) F'm Philadel'a 
 
 TO Cape Island, 
 
 Via Bridseton. 
 
 To Camden. N.J.I 1 1 
 
 Camden &,- Woodbury 
 
 Railroad. 
 
 Woodbury 
 
 Stage. 
 Carpenter's Land- 
 
 111?. 
 
 Mullico Hill... 
 Pitt's Grove ... 
 
 Deertield 
 
 Hridgeton... 
 
 Millville 
 
 Port Elizabeth. 
 
 Leesburg 
 
 Dennis' Creek. 
 
 Gosiien 
 
 Cape May 
 
 Cold Spring ... 
 Cape Island . 
 
 (219) F'm Philadel'a 
 
 TO Salem. 
 To Camden, N. J.l I ll 
 
 (220) Fr'm Philadel- 
 
 PHIA TO BinGHAM- 
 TON, N. Y., 
 
 Via Eastoa S,- Wilkes- 
 
 barre. 
 To Rising Sun ... 
 
 Milestovvn 
 
 Abington 
 
 Willow Grove ... 
 
 Horsham 
 
 Doylestown 
 
 Danboro' 
 
 OttsviiJe 
 
 Bucksville 
 
 Monroe 
 
 Raubsville 
 
 Easton 
 
 Nazareth 
 
 Jacobsburg 
 
 Wind Gap 
 
 Shafer's 
 
 INIt. Pocono 
 
 Stoddartsville 
 
 Bear Creek 
 
 Wilkesbarre .. 
 
 Kingston 
 
 VV^yoniing 
 
 Exeter 
 
 North Moreland.. 
 Eaton 
 
 TUNKHANNOCK . . 
 
 Lynn 
 
 Springville 
 
 Dimock 
 
 Montrose 
 
 Lawsville Centre. 
 
 Conklin 
 
 Binghamton 
 
 Reading 
 
 Muhrsville 
 
 Hamburg 
 
 Tunnel.... 1500 ft. 
 
 Port Clinton 
 
 Landringsville ... 
 Schuylkill Haven 
 
 POTTSVILLE 
 
 atage. 
 Fountain Spring. . 
 
 Bear Gap 
 
 Shamokin 
 
 Sunbury 
 
 Northumberl'd 
 
 8 56 
 10 66 
 
 87 
 92 
 
 13105 
 12117 
 
 51122 
 121134 
 
 l|l3o 
 
 (222) F'm Philadel'a 
 
 TO Corning, N.Y., 
 Via Reading, jVor/A- 
 
 umberland, and Wil- 
 
 liamsport. 
 To Northumber. 
 
 land 
 
 Milton 
 
 McEwensville — 
 
 Mnncy 
 
 Montouresville ... 
 
 WiLLIAMSPORT.. 
 
 135 
 12147 
 
 4 1 151 
 101161 
 10171 
 
 41175 
 
 Williamsp't «S- Elmira 
 
 Railroad. 
 Trout Run .. 
 Stage. 
 
 Liberty 
 
 Blossburg. 
 
 (221) F'M Philadel'a 
 to Northumberl'd, 
 Via JVorristown, Read- 
 ing, ^- Pottsville. 
 Philadelphia, Rending, 
 (i- Pottsville RR. 
 
 i\ 
 
 14 
 
 17 
 23 
 27 
 
 To Bridge 
 
 Falls 
 
 Manayunk 
 
 Conshohocken .. 
 Norristown... 
 
 Valley Forge 
 
 Phenixville 
 
 Pottstown 
 
 Douglassville 
 
 Baumstown 
 
 16206 
 91215 
 
 Corning S,- Blossburg 
 Railroad. 
 
 Covington 
 
 Mansfield 
 
 Tioga 
 
 Lawrenceville 
 Lindleytown . 
 Erwin Centre 
 Corning 
 
 51220 
 5225 
 8233 
 7240 
 3243 
 3246 
 9i255 
 
 (223) F'm Philadel 
 TO Harrisburg, 
 Via Lancaster. 
 Columbia Railroad. 
 
 To Head of In- 
 clined Plane 
 
 Whitehall 
 
 Morgan's Corner . 
 
 Reeseville 
 
 V\'estchesterTu rn - 
 out 
 
 Paoli 
 
 Whiteland 
 
 DOVVNINGTOWN. . 
 
 Gallighersville 
 
 Coatsville 
 
 Parksburg 
 
 Penningtonville .. 
 
 Noblesville 
 
 The Gap ^ uo 
 
 Belleview I II 54 
 
 24 
 
 2 51 
 
 2 53 
 
124 
 
 ROUTES IN PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Kinzie's 
 
 LiCman's 
 
 Paradise 
 
 Concord 
 
 Enterprise 
 
 Lancaster... 
 Harrisburg <$• Lancas 
 ier Railroad. 
 
 Mt. Joy 
 Eliziibethtowii , 
 
 Tunnel , 
 
 Middletovvn 
 
 Harrisburg . 
 
 1 
 
 ti 
 9106 
 
 (2ai) F'm Philadel'a 
 
 TO Pittsburg, 
 f^ia Harrisburg and 
 
 HvUidaysburg. 
 To Harrisburg 
 (see No. 223)... 
 
 Dauphin 
 
 Benvenue 
 
 Miilerstown 
 
 Thompsontown .. 
 
 Mexico 
 
 Mifflintown 
 
 Lewistown 
 
 Strode's Mills .... 
 
 McVeytown 
 
 Atiiinson's Mills.. 
 
 Mill Creek 
 
 Huntingdon — 
 
 Alexandria 
 
 Water Street 
 
 Yellow Springs .. 
 
 Canoe Creek 
 
 Frankstown 
 
 HOLLIDAYSBITRG. 
 
 Duncansville 
 
 Summit 
 
 Munster 
 
 Ebensburg 
 
 Armagh 
 
 Blairsville 
 
 New Alexandria . 
 Salem >^ Roads .. 
 
 Murraysville 
 
 Wilkinshurg 
 
 Pittsburg 
 
 4 
 
 19 
 
 14 273 
 1U;283 
 
 8J291 
 
 11309 
 
 81317 
 
 (225) F'm Philadel a 
 
 TO Pittsburg, 
 
 P^ia Columbia <S- Cham- 
 
 bersburg. 
 
 Columbia Railroad. 
 To Lancaster— 
 
 (see No. 223)... 
 
 Dillerville 
 
 Mountville .., 
 
 Columbia 
 
 Wrightsville 
 
 York <$- Wrightsville 
 Railroad, 
 
 Hoover's | 6| 90 
 
 York.... 
 
 Stage. 
 
 Farmer's 
 
 Abbottstown 
 
 New Oxford 
 
 Gettysburg — 
 
 Cashtown 
 
 Fayetteville 
 
 Chambersburg. 
 
 St. Thomas , 
 
 Loudon 
 
 M'Connellsburg ., 
 
 Harrisonville 
 
 Ray's Hill 
 
 Bloody Run 
 
 Bedford 
 
 Schellsburg 
 
 Stoyestown 
 
 Laurel Hill 
 
 Laughlintown... 
 
 Ligonier 
 
 Youngstown 
 
 Greensburg 
 
 Adamshurg 
 
 Stewartsville 
 
 Turtle Creek .... 
 
 K. Liberty 
 
 Pittsburg 
 
 .|6| 90 
 ■ lei 96: 
 
 (2251) F'm Philadel'a 
 
 TO Pittsburg 
 Via Harrisburg and 
 
 Cliarnbersburg. 
 To Harrisburg I I 
 (see No. 223)... I 1106 
 Cumberland Valley 
 Railroad. 
 Shiremantown .. 
 Mechanicsburg.. 
 
 Carlisle 
 
 Newvilie 
 
 Shippensburg .. . 
 Green Village . . . 
 Chambersburg 
 
 Stage. 
 Pittsburg— 
 (see No. 225) ...150 
 
 (226) F'm Philadel'a 
 
 TO Erie, 
 Via Harrisburg , Belle 
 
 fonte, Sr Meadville. 
 To Lewistown — 
 
 (see No. 224) . . 
 Brown's Mills... 
 
 Valley 
 
 Potter's Mill 
 
 Old Fort 
 
 Bellefonte ... 
 
 Milesburg 
 
 Philipsburg 
 
 Clearrield 
 
 Curwinsville 
 
 Luthersburg 
 
 Brookville 
 
 Strattoiisville 
 
 163 
 
 168 
 
 172 
 
 179 
 
 .183 
 
 9192 
 
 2(194 
 
 26 220 
 
 1523! 
 
 624 
 
 1324 
 
 22 276 
 
 14 290 
 
 Clarion...., 
 Shippenville 
 Cranberry ... 
 
 Franklin 
 
 Sugar Creek. 
 Meadville. 
 
 Rockdale 
 
 VVaterford... 
 Erie 
 
 298 
 
 317 
 
 320 
 
 .332 
 
 344 
 
 12 356 
 
 10 366 
 
 14i380 
 
 (227) F'm Philadel'a 
 to Mauch Chunk, 
 
 4 294 
 
 Via Mlentown. 
 
 To Rising Sun... 
 
 Germantown 
 
 ChesnutHill 
 
 White Marsh 
 
 Upper Dublin 
 
 Montgomery ville . 
 Line Lexington . . 
 Seller's Tavern... 
 
 Bunker Hill 
 
 duakertown 
 
 Coopersburg 
 
 Allentovvn 
 
 North Whitehall . 
 
 Lehigh Gap 
 
 Parrysville 
 
 Lehighton 
 
 Mauch Chunk* . 
 
 Fr'm Mauch Chunk 
 TO Berwick. 
 To Lausnnne... 
 Beaver Meadow 
 
 Hazleton 
 
 Conyngham 
 
 Nescopeck 
 
 Berwick 
 
 3 11 
 
 4 15 
 6 21 
 
 10' 31 
 
 li 32 
 
 (228) F'm Philadel'a 
 TO P'rt Deposit, Md. 
 
 Kingsessing 
 
 Darby 
 
 Gibbons' Tavern . 
 
 Nether Provi- 
 dence 
 
 Lima 
 
 Ivy Mills 
 
 Concordville 
 
 Chadd's Ford . . . . 
 
 Hamorton 
 
 Kennett's Square. 
 
 Avondale 
 
 Westgrove 
 
 New London X 
 Roads 
 
 Brick Meeting, 
 house, Md 
 
 Port Deposit... 
 
 (229) F'm Philadel'a 
 TO Somerville, N.J. 
 To Milestown.. 
 Abinglon 
 
 •I I 6 
 
 .1 alu 
 
ROUTES IN PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Willow Grove ,.. 
 
 Hatboro' 
 
 Hartsville 
 
 Buckingham 
 
 New Hope 
 
 Lumbertsvllle, NJ 
 
 Ringoes 
 
 Fleinington 
 
 Centreville 
 
 SOMERVILLE 
 
 (230) F'm Philadel'a 
 TO Baltimore, 
 Via TVUmington. 
 Ph'dadelvhin , TVUming- 
 ton, fy Baltimore RR. 
 To Gray's Ferry.. 
 
 Lazaretto 
 
 Chester 
 
 Marcus' Hook — 
 Naaman's Creek. 
 
 VVlLMINGTON 
 
 Newport 
 
 Stanton 
 
 Newark 
 
 Elkton 
 
 Northeast 
 
 Charlestown 
 
 Cecil 
 
 Havre de Grace .. 
 Hall's XI Roads... 
 
 Ferryman's 
 
 Gunpowder 
 
 Harewood 
 
 Chase's 
 
 Stemmer's Run . . 
 
 Canton 
 
 Baltimore 
 
 From Philadelphia 
 to Baltimore 
 Steamboat. 
 
 To Fort Mifflin 
 
 <.;iiester 
 
 Marcus' Hook. 
 
 New Castle . . . 
 
 JVcw Castle &• French 
 town RR, 
 
 Trenton &• JV*. Bruns- 
 wick RR. 
 
 Princeton 10[ 39 
 
 Kingston 41 43 
 
 New Brunswick.. il41 5/ 
 
 JVew Jersey RR- 
 
 Metuchin 
 
 Rahway 
 
 Elizabethtown 
 
 Newark 
 
 Jersey City 
 
 Steamboat. 
 New York.. . 
 Boston— 
 Csee No. 122) 
 
 Frenclit(jwn. 
 
 Steamboat. 
 Turkey Point. . 
 Pool's Island.. 
 North point... 
 Fort McHeiiry. 
 Baltimore... 
 
 161 51 
 
 16 67 
 23* 90 
 13103 
 9112 
 3115 
 
 (232) Fr'm Easton to 
 
 MlLFORD. 
 
 To Martin's Creek 
 
 Richmond 
 
 Stone Church 
 
 Mt. Bethel 
 
 Dill's Ferry 
 
 Dutotsbnrg 
 
 Craig's Meadow . 
 
 Coolbaugh's 
 
 Bnshkill 
 
 Delaware 
 
 Dingman's Ferry. 
 
 MiLFORD 
 
 C231) F'm Philadel'a 
 to Boston. 
 Steamboat. 
 
 To Bristol 1 I 19 
 
 Phila. iS- Trenton RR. 
 
 Morrisville I 91 28 
 
 Treiitoo I l| 29 
 
 (233) Fr'm Easton to 
 Carbondale. 
 
 To Belfast 
 
 Wind Gap 
 
 Snydersville 
 
 Bartonsville 
 
 Stanhope 
 
 Denton 
 
 Sterling 
 
 Hamilton 
 
 Canaan 
 
 Waymart 
 
 Carbondale — 
 
 (234) Fr'm Easton to 
 Towanda 
 
 Via Manck Chunk and 
 Berwick. 
 
 To Bath 
 
 jCherryville 
 
 j Lehigh Gup 
 
 Lehighton 
 
 Mauch Chunk . 
 
 Lausanne 
 
 Beaver Meadows 
 
 Hazleton 
 
 Conyngham.i ... 
 
 Zeisersville 
 
 Nescopeck 
 
 Berwick 
 
 Fishing Creek... 
 
 Fairmount Spr'gs 
 
 Cherry 
 
 I 10 
 
 9 19 
 
 5 24 
 
 8' 
 
 A\ 36 
 
 8 44 
 
 31 4 
 
 4 51 
 
 6 5' 
 
 7 64 
 3 67 
 1 
 
 211107! 
 
 Xew Albany , 
 Monroetown , 
 Towanda ... 
 
 125 
 
 (235) From Wilkes, 
 barre to Hones 
 
 DALE. 
 
 To Plainsville... 
 Pittston Ferry... 
 
 Lackawanna 
 
 Hyde Park 
 
 Providence 
 
 Blakeley 
 
 Carbondale ... 
 Waymart 
 
 HONESDALE 
 
 23 
 
 (236) F'm Pottsvillk 
 
 TO Mauch Chunk. 
 To Port Carbon . . I 
 
 Middleport , 
 
 Tamaqua 
 
 Summit Hill 
 
 Mauch Chunk 
 
 (237) F'm Lancaster 
 
 TO Reading. 
 To Neffsville.. 
 
 Litiz 
 
 Ephratah 
 
 Reamstown ... 
 Adamstown.. . 
 Reading 
 
 8) F'm Lancaster 
 TO Norristown. 
 
 7 
 
 To Leacock 
 
 New Holland 
 
 Churchtown 
 
 Morgantown 
 
 Marsh 
 
 Fi. Nantmeal 
 
 Chester Springs . 
 
 PhoBuixville 
 
 Railroad. 
 Norristown... 
 
 1101 53 
 
 (239) F'm Lancaster 
 to Port Deposit, 
 Md. 
 
 To Willow Street 
 
 Smithville 
 
 Buck 
 
 Chesnut Level 
 
 Greene 
 
 Pleasant Grove. . . 
 
 Rock Spring?, Md 
 
 Rovvlandsville 
 
 Port Deposit... 
 
 (240) F'm Harrisburo 
 
 TO Easton, 
 
 Via Reading. 
 
 ToHuinmellstownl 1 9 
 
 Palmyra | 51 U 
 
126 
 
 ROUTES IN PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Annville 
 
 Lebanon 
 
 Myerstown 
 
 Stouchburg 
 
 Wolmelsdurf 
 
 Sinking Spring... 
 
 Reading, , 
 
 Maiden Creek.... 
 
 Kutztown .., 
 
 Rodrocksville 
 
 Trexlertown...... 
 
 Allentown 
 
 Bethlehem 
 
 Butztovvn 
 
 JCaston , 
 
 5 
 
 19 
 
 h 
 
 24 
 
 7 
 
 HI 
 
 H 
 
 ;^ 
 
 4 
 
 :*< 
 
 H 
 
 47 
 
 5 
 
 .V2 
 
 s 
 
 m 
 
 i< 
 
 ew 
 
 5 
 
 74 
 
 5 
 
 79 
 
 >■ 
 
 87 
 
 K 
 
 9;^i 
 
 A 
 
 97 1 
 
 9 
 
 106 
 
 <241) F'm Harrisburg 
 
 TO Montrose, 
 
 Via JK'orthMinberland ($• 
 
 Wilkesbarre. 
 
 To Dauphin 
 
 Jienvenue 
 
 New Buffalo — 
 
 Montgomery's 
 Ferry 
 
 Liverpool 
 
 McKee's Half 
 Falls 
 
 Chapman 
 
 Selin's Grove — 
 
 Shamokin Dam , 
 
 SUNBURY 
 
 Northumber- 
 land 
 
 Danville 
 
 Catn wissa 
 
 Bloomsburg 
 
 Espy 
 
 Berwick 
 
 Beech Grove — 
 
 Shickshinny 
 
 Nanticoke 
 
 Wilkesbarre , 
 
 Montrose— 
 (see No. 220). 
 
 (243) Fr'm Northum- 
 berland TO Lkwis- 
 
 TOWN. 
 
 To New Berlin,. 
 
 Middieburg 
 
 Beavertown 
 
 Middle Creek.... 
 Lewistown 
 
 (244) Fr'm Northum- 
 berland to Elmira, 
 N. Y. 
 
 To Willis.msport 1 I 
 
 (see No. 245)... I I 40 
 
 fVilliamsp^t & Elmira 
 
 Railroad. 
 
 Trout Run 
 
 Ralston 
 
 Stage. 
 
 Canton 
 
 Alba 
 
 iTroy 
 
 Columbia X R'ds, 
 
 South Creek 
 
 Southport, N.Y.. 
 I Elmira 
 
 1 
 
 1.3 
 10 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 10 
 
 7 
 10 
 
 6112^ 
 
 8130 
 
 (245) Fr'm Northum- 
 berland to Holli- 
 daysburo, 
 
 To Levvisburg. 
 Mifflinburg.... 
 
 Hartleton 
 
 72|: Aaronsburg ... 
 Millheim , 
 
 1 Spring Mi 
 ^ " Fort. 
 
 (;)ld 
 99l'Bolesburg 
 106jiPine Grove Mills. 
 
 liejiBaileyville 
 
 '"" Coierain Forge... 
 
 Water Street 
 
 Hollidaysburg. 
 
 (242) Fr'm Northum- 
 berland to Belle- 
 
 FONTE, 
 
 Via Williamsvort and 
 Lock Haven. 
 
 To Milton , 
 
 McEwensville 
 
 Muncy 
 
 Montouresville ... 
 
 WiLLlAMSPORT . 
 
 Newberry , 
 
 Jersey Shore 
 
 Dunnsburg 
 
 Lock Haven ... 
 
 Mill Hall 
 
 Lamar 
 
 Nittany 
 
 Bkllkfonte ... 
 
 (246) F'm Harrisburg 
 
 to HAGERSTOWNjMd. 
 
 Via Carlisle <??- Cham- 
 bersburg. 
 
 Cumberland Valley 
 Railroad. 
 To Shiremantown 
 Mechanic.sburg... 
 
 (.'arlisle 
 
 Newville | — 
 
 Shippeiisburg ilO 
 
 ,^i ??lGreeij Village... 
 I?] ^.' Chambersburg.1 4 
 21 (jgij Franklin Railroad. 
 
 3i 71 Marion 
 
 51 76 I Green Castle ... 
 4 80 I State Line 
 
 81 StfllHAGERSTOWN . 
 
 .5 55 
 
 5 60' 
 
 5 65' 
 
 61 71 1 
 
 (247) F'm Harrisburo 
 TO Baltimore, 
 Via York. 
 To New Cumber-I 1 
 
 land 4 
 
 York Haven 11 15 
 
 Manchester 4 19 
 
 York I 61 25 
 
 Baltimore &,- Maryland 
 Line RR. 
 
 32 
 
 Tunnel 
 
 Smyser's 
 
 Heathcote 
 
 Strasburg 
 
 Baltimore &■ SusqaC' 
 hannah RR. 
 
 Summit 
 
 Whitehall 
 
 Westerman's 
 
 Clarksville 
 
 Washington Fac. 
 
 Melvale 
 
 Baltimore 
 
 (248) Fr'm Pittsburg 
 to Erie. 
 
 To Alleghany . . . 
 
 Bakerstown 
 
 Glade Mills 
 
 Butler 
 
 Brownington 
 
 Slippery Rock... 
 North Liberty... 
 
 Mercer 
 
 Culbertson's 
 
 Meadville 
 
 Woodcock 
 
 Rockdale 
 
 Waterford 
 
 Erie 
 
 (249) Fr'm Pittsburg 
 TO .Iamestown, N. 
 York, 
 
 Via Mercer, Franklin, 
 6r Warren. 
 
 To Mercer... 
 
 Henderson... 
 
 Franklin .. 
 
 Cornplanter . 
 
 Perry 
 
 Deerlield 
 
 Irvine 
 
 Warren ... 
 
 Russellburg. 
 
 Carroll, N.Y, 
 
 Jamestown 
 
 95 
 110 
 
 117 
 12129 
 
 7 136 
 7143 
 
 8151 
 6ll57 
 
 (250) Fr'm Pittsburg 
 
 to Cleveland, U. ' 
 
 Via Beaver. 
 
 To Alleghany ....I I 1 
 
 " ickly Bottom. Il3l 14 
 
 Sc 
 
ROUTES IN DELAWARE. 
 
 127 
 
 Economy 
 
 Freedom 
 
 Beaver 
 
 Diirlington 
 
 Petersburg, O. . .. 
 New Middletovvn. 
 
 Poland 
 
 Boardman 
 
 Canlield 
 
 Ellsworth 
 
 Frederick 
 
 Palmyra 
 
 Edinburg 
 
 Ravenna 
 
 Franklin Mills 
 
 Ftow 
 
 Hudson 
 
 Twinsburg 
 
 Bedford 
 
 Newburg 
 
 Cleveland 
 
 (251) Fr'm Pittsburg 
 
 TO Wheeling, Va. 
 To Herriottsville . 10 
 
 Cannonsburg 
 
 Washington 
 
 Claysville 
 
 W. Alexander ... 
 Triadelphia, Va.. 
 Wheeling 
 
 (25U) F'm Pittsburg 
 
 TO Steubenville, 
 
 Ohio. 
 To Fayetteville 
 
 Buvington 
 
 Florence 
 
 Paris 
 
 JHiiJlidays Cove, 
 
 Va 
 
 Steubenville 
 
 Ohio 
 
 (252) Fr'm Pittsburg 
 
 to wooster, o., 
 Via Mas ill on. 
 
 To Beaver 
 
 Industry 
 
 Ohioville 
 
 Little Beaver 
 
 Bridge 
 
 Calcutta 
 
 New Lisbon — 
 
 Buck's 
 
 New Garden 
 
 New Alexander . . 
 
 New Franklin 
 
 Paris 
 
 Osnaburg 
 
 Canton 
 
 Masillon 
 
 East Greenville. . . 
 
 Dalton 
 
 East Union 
 
 WoOSTER 
 
 
 27 
 
 7 
 
 •M 
 
 y 
 
 43 
 
 2 
 
 45 
 
 
 47 
 
 12 
 
 59 
 
 f) 
 
 H4 
 
 ;^ 
 
 H7 
 
 4 
 
 71 
 
 H 
 
 77 
 
 4 
 
 81 
 
 K 
 
 87 
 
 f) 
 
 92 
 
 8 
 
 100 
 
 H 
 
 lOH 
 
 4 
 
 110 
 
 ft 
 
 lift 
 
 8 
 
 123 
 
 I (253) F'm Erie to Bur 
 
 FALO, N. Y. 
 
 To Westleyville.. 
 
 Harbor Creek 
 
 [ Northeast 
 
 Northville 
 
 Ripley, N.Y 
 
 Westtield 
 
 Portland 
 
 Salem X Roads... 
 
 Fredonia 
 
 i Sheridan 
 
 Silver Creek 
 
 ; Irving 
 
 [Evans 
 
 E. Evans 
 
 Hamburg (on the 
 I Lake) 
 
 Buffalo 
 
 (254) From Erie to 
 Cleveland, 
 
 Via Ashtabula and 
 Painesville. 
 
 To Fairview . . . 
 Coneaut, Ohio , 
 
 Amboy 
 
 Kingsville ...., 
 Ashtabula .. 
 
 Sa>;brook 
 
 Dnionville 
 
 Aladison 
 
 Perry 
 
 Painesville . 
 
 Mentor 
 
 Willoughby ... 
 
 E. Euclid 
 
 Euclid 
 
 Cleveland... 
 
 (255) Fr'm Pittsburg 
 to Maysville, Ky. 
 
 Via Wheeling, Zanes- 
 ville, &r Chillicothe. 
 
 To Herriottsville . 
 
 Cannonsburg 
 
 Washington 
 
 Claysville 
 
 W. Alexander 
 
 Tridelpliia, Va, .. 
 
 Wheeling 
 
 Bridgeport, O. ... 
 
 St. Clairsville 
 
 Morristown 
 
 Fairview 
 
 Middlehourn 
 
 Washington 
 
 (^am bridge 
 
 New Concord 
 
 Norwich 
 
 Bridgeville 
 
 Zanesville 
 
 Maysville— 
 (see No. 322).,. 
 
 
 m 
 
 8 
 
 18 
 
 
 2ft 
 
 1(1 
 
 ;ii 
 
 H 
 
 41 
 
 ft 
 
 4H 
 
 8 
 
 ft4 
 
 
 ftft 
 
 1(! 
 
 H5 
 
 11 
 
 V« 
 
 1( 
 
 HH 
 
 8 
 
 89 
 
 7 
 
 9ti 
 
 h 
 
 104 
 
 9 
 
 113 
 
 H 
 
 m 
 
 
 119 
 
 8 
 
 127 
 
 150 
 
 277 
 
 (256) Fr'm Pittsburo 
 to Baltimore, Md. 
 
 Via Brownsville, Cum- 
 berland, ($- Harper's 
 Ferry. 
 
 Steamboat. 
 
 To Brownsville 
 
 Uniontown 
 
 Somerfield 
 
 Addison 
 
 Little Crossing ... 
 
 Frostburg 
 
 Cumberland — 10113 
 
 Baltimore iS' Ohio RR- 
 
 Patterson's Creek. 
 Little Cacapon... 
 Pawpaw Tunnel . 
 DoeGulleyTun'l. 
 Great Cacapon... 
 
 Hancock 
 
 VV^alnut Bend — 
 Back Cr'k Bridge. 
 Hedgesville Depot 
 Hedgesville Road. 
 
 Martinsburg 
 
 Kerneysviile 
 
 Harper's Ferry 
 
 Frederick 
 
 Ellicott's Mills ... 
 Baltimore 
 
 (257) Fr'm Pittsburg 
 TO Clarksburg, Va. 
 
 Steamboat. 
 To Brownsville... 
 Stage. 
 
 Merrittstown 
 
 Masontown 
 
 New Geneva 
 
 ftlorgantown, Va. 
 
 Whiteday 
 
 Palatine Hill 
 
 Boothsville 
 
 Bridgeport 
 
 Clarksburg 
 
 (258) F'm Wilmington 
 
 TO Eastville, Va. 
 
 Via Dover and Snow 
 
 Hill, Md. 
 
 To Newcastle 
 
 Red Lion 
 
 St. George's 
 
 Cantwell's Bridge 
 
 Smyrna 
 
 Dover 
 
 Camden 
 
 Canterbury 
 
 Frederica 
 
 Milford 
 
 Milton 
 
 Georgetown.,. 
 Millsboro' 
 
128 
 
 ROUTES IN MARYLAND. 
 
 Dagsboro' 
 
 St. Martin's, Md. 
 
 Berlin 
 
 Newark 
 
 Snow Hill 
 
 Sandy Hill 
 
 Horntown, Va. . 
 
 Accoman 
 
 Modestown 
 
 Accomac C. H. . 
 
 Onancock 
 
 Piingoteiigue 
 
 Beilhaven 
 
 Franktown 
 
 Eastvillk 
 
 101 
 111 
 119 
 129 
 13 
 14b- 
 153 
 16U 
 
 179 
 187 
 191 
 19 
 203 
 215 
 
 (259) Fr'm Elkton to 
 Snow Hill. 
 
 To Warwick 
 
 Head of Sassafras 
 Georgetown /^ 
 
 Roads 
 
 Chestertown 
 
 Church Hill 
 
 Centreville 
 
 Wye Mills 
 
 Easton 
 
 Trappe 
 
 Cambridge 
 
 Big Mills 
 
 Vienna 
 
 Barren 
 
 Salisbury 
 
 Snow Hill 
 
 2- 
 43 
 49 
 58 
 
 m 
 
 80 
 89 
 9b- 
 110 
 114 
 119 
 130 
 201150 
 
 From Baltimore to 
 
 Boston, 
 Via Philadelpkia and 
 
 J\'ew York. 
 (See No. 278) I 1398 
 
 (260) F'm Baltimore 
 
 TO Columbia, Pa. 
 Balt.SrSiisQue'hRR. 
 
 To Mel vale 
 
 Washington Fac 
 Relay House .... 
 
 Ryder's Lane 
 
 Timoniuni 
 
 (;!]arksville 
 
 Cockeysville 
 
 Westerman's 
 
 Love's 
 
 Monkton Mills .. 
 
 Whitehall 
 
 Parkton 
 
 Freeland's 
 
 Summit l2 \3ti 
 
 York (S- Maryland JAiie 
 _ Railroad. 
 
 Strasburg 
 
 Heatlicote's 
 
 Srnyser's 
 
 Tunnel 
 
 York 
 
 2^ 
 3.i 
 
 2 28 
 6 i34 
 
 TVrightsville Sr York 
 Railroad. 
 
 Hoover's I 7] 64 
 
 Wrightsville 6 70 
 
 Columbia I ll 71 
 
 (261) F'm Baltimore 
 TO Harrisburg. 
 
 Railroad. 
 
 To York 
 
 Stage. 
 
 Manchester 
 
 York Haven 
 
 New Cumberland. 
 Harrisburg — 
 
 (262) F'm Baltimore 
 TO Pittsburg, 
 
 Via Gettysburg and 
 Chambersbarg. 
 
 To Pikesville.... 
 
 Reistertown 
 
 Westminster 
 
 Union Mills 
 
 Littlestown, Pa. 
 
 Gettysburg 
 
 Pittsburg— 
 (see No. 225) . . . 
 
 176 
 
 (263) F'm Baltimore 
 
 to Wheeling, 
 Via Harper's Ferry, 
 
 Cumbti-la.nd, <S' tVask- 
 
 ington. Pa. 
 
 Bait. S,- Ohio RR. 
 To Relay House.. 
 
 Avalon 
 
 Ilchester 
 
 Ellicott's Mills . . . 
 
 Elysville 
 
 Putney's Bridge.. 
 
 Woodstock 
 
 Marridttsvilie 
 
 Sykesville 
 
 Hood's Mills 
 
 Woodbine 
 
 Mt. Airy 
 
 Monrovia 
 
 Ijamsville 
 
 Reel's Mill 
 
 Monocacy 
 
 Frederick 
 
 Doup's Switch... 
 Point of Rocks ... 
 (Jntoctin Switch . 
 
 Berlin 
 
 Knoxville 
 
 Weverton 
 
 Harper's Ferry 
 
 Peacher's Mill 
 
 Hall Town Road. 
 
 Duffielo's 
 
 Leetown Road . . . 
 
 21 92 
 
 4i 96 
 
 Kerneysville 
 
 Drake's 
 
 FiHgg's Mil].... 
 .Martinsburg... 2100 
 Warm Spring R'd 2102 
 
 Tabb's 1103 
 
 HedgesvilleRoad.j 2105 
 Myer'sWaterSta- | 
 
 tion I 1106 
 
 Hedgesville Depot 1 107 
 
 3116 
 
 2ii 
 
 N. Mountain VV 
 
 ter Station 
 
 Back Cr'k Bridge 
 Runner's Ferry 
 
 Road 
 
 Licking Water 
 
 Station 
 
 Walnut Bend .... . 
 
 Hancock 5|123 
 
 St. John's Run ... ojl28 
 (ireat Cacapon. . . 4] 132 
 Rockwell's Run.. 7i]39 
 DoeGulleyTun'l. 2141 
 No. 12 Water Sta- I 
 
 tion 9'l50 
 
 PawpavvTunnel.. 3 lc3 
 Little Cacapon... 4 157 
 Green Spring Run, 7 164 
 Patterson's Creek. 6170 
 Cumberland...., 8i178 
 atngt. I 
 
 Frostburg !10il88 
 
 Little Crossing ...:13 201 
 
 Addison, Pa 13 214 
 
 Somerfield 4 218 
 
 Uniontown 21 239 
 
 Brownsville 12 251 
 
 F. Bethlehem 6 257 
 
 Beallsville 3 260 
 
 g Hillsboro' i 3263 
 
 j2 I Washington 17 280 
 
 ClaysvilTe 10 290 
 
 W. Alexander.... I 7 2^7 
 Triadelphia, Va..' 4 301 
 Wheeling !l0:311 
 
 (264) F'm Baltimorb 
 
 to Hancoc k. 
 Via Frederick and Ha- 
 
 gerstuwu. 
 Baltimore £,- Ohio RR. 
 61 
 
 To Frederick. 
 I fstage. 
 o8 Middletown., 
 61 Boonsboro'.. 
 65 Funkstown.. 
 69 Hagerstown . 
 71 1 (,'lear Spring 
 «! Park Head.. 
 '8 I Hancock ... 
 79 
 
 81 ,(265) F'm Baltimork 
 83 [ to Chambersburo. 
 
 86 To Hagerstown— | ( 
 
 87 I (see No. 264) ... ( W 
 PCiiStatoLi.;e 1 5i 93 
 
 8 69 
 8! 77 
 8' 85 
 2 87 
 11 98 
 
 mm 
 
 7ill3 
 
ROUTES FROM WASHINGTON. 
 
 129 
 
 Green Castle I 5' 97 
 
 Marion 5 lUii 
 
 Chambkrsburg.I 61108 
 
 (266) F'm Baltimore 
 TO Washington, DC. 
 
 Bait. S,- Ohio RR. 
 
 To Relay House.. I i 8 
 
 Washington Br. RR. 
 
 Elkridge Landing 
 
 Junction 
 
 Laurel Factory... 
 
 Beltsville 
 
 Bladensburff 
 
 Washington — 
 
 (267) F'm Baltimore 
 TO Annapolis. 
 Railroad. 
 ToElkridse Land 
 ing 
 
 Junction 
 
 Patuxent Forge . . 
 
 Brotheiton 
 
 Annapolis 
 
 (268) F'm Baltimore 
 TO White Sulphur 
 Springs, Va., 
 
 Via Harper's Ferry, 
 Winchester, Sr Staun- 
 ton. 
 Bait. &r Ohio RR. 
 
 To Harper's Fer-i I 
 ry, Va.— 
 (see No. 263)... I I 81 
 
 Winchester ^- Potomac 
 Railroad. 
 
 Keys 
 
 Hailtown 
 
 Charlestown.... 
 
 Cameron's , 
 
 Thompson 
 
 Stephenson's ... 
 
 Winchester. 
 Stage. 
 
 Newtown Ste 
 phensburg 
 
 Middletown .... 
 
 Strasburg , 
 
 Tom's Brook.. 
 
 Woodsttjck 
 
 Stony Creek 
 
 Red Banks 
 
 Mt. Jackson... 
 
 Newmarket 
 
 Sparta poiis 
 
 Harrisonburg.. 
 Mt. Crawford.. 
 
 Mt. Sidney 
 
 Staunton — 
 Jennings' Gap. 
 Deertield 
 
 Cloverdale Hotel. 
 
 (ireen Valley 
 
 Bath C. H 
 
 Hot Springs 
 
 Columbia Inn 
 
 Callaghau's 
 
 White Sulphur 
 Springs ' 
 
 121 
 5126 
 5131 
 
 6ll37 
 6!l43 
 5il48 
 4 152 
 4156 
 7 163 
 8171 
 11182 
 8! 190 
 6! 196 
 lli207 
 13i220 
 151235 
 
 [269) F'm Baltimore 
 TO Wilmington, NC. 
 Via JVorfulk Sr Gareys- 
 burg. 
 Steamboat. 
 To Fort Mc Henry 
 North Pomt 
 
 jny Point 
 
 ndy Point 
 
 Thomas's Point . . 
 
 Herring Bay 
 
 Sharp's Island — 
 
 Core Point 
 
 Cedar Point 
 
 Pt. Lookout (m'tl 
 
 of Potomac riv.) 
 Smith's Point 
 Norfolk — 
 Portsmouth . . 
 Portsmouth iS" Roanoke 
 Railroad. 
 
 Suffolk 
 
 Carrsville 
 
 Franklin Depot 
 
 Newson's , 
 
 Margaretsville, 
 
 N. C 
 
 Stage. 
 
 Gareysburg 
 
 Weldon 
 
 273 
 8 
 Wilmington <$• Raleigh 
 
 Railroad, 
 Wilmington— I I 
 (seeNo.273)..|l62|440 
 
 (270) F'mWashington 
 to Annapolis. 
 Railroad. 
 To Bladensburg.. 
 
 Beltsville 
 
 Laurel Factory... 
 
 Junction 
 
 Annapolis 
 
 (271) F'mWashington 
 TO Ridge, 
 Via Port Tobacco. 
 To Palmer's Tav- 1 
 
 ern. Aid 
 
 Piscataway 6 
 
 JPiensimtHill 10 
 
 llPoit Tobacco ....1 6 
 6* 
 
 Allen's Fresh 
 
 Newport 
 
 Chaplico 
 
 St. Clenient's Bay 
 
 Leonunitown 
 
 Great Mills 
 
 St. Inegoes' 
 
 Ridge 
 
 87 
 
 (272) F'mWashington 
 
 TO Frederick. 
 To Georgetown ..I 2 
 Rockville, Md. ... 14 16 
 
 Urbanna 12 
 
 Frederick 115 
 
 (273) F'mWashington 
 TO Wilmington, NC. 
 
 Via Fredericksburg, 
 Richmond, ir Peters- 
 burg. 
 
 Steamboat. 
 
 To Alexandria ... 
 
 Mt. Vernon 
 
 Acjuia Cr'k Land 
 ing. Va 
 
 42 
 
 Richmond, Fredericks- 
 burg, <i- Potomac RR. 
 Brooks's Water 
 
 Station 
 
 Fredericksb'g. 
 
 Guiney's 
 
 Miltbrd Depot. 
 RutherGlen... 
 
 .lunction 
 
 Taylorsville . . . 
 Hungary Water 
 
 Stiition . 
 Richmond 
 Richmond ^-Petersburg 
 Railroad. 
 
 Manchester I 21120 
 
 Proctor's Creek... Il|l31 
 Petersburg — I 9il40 
 Petersburg £,' Roanoke 
 
 Railroad. 
 Stony Cr'k Ware- 
 
 house 
 
 Jarrett's 
 
 Beltield 
 
 Junction 
 
 Pleasant Hill, NC. 
 Gareysburg. 
 Weldon... 
 Wilmington & Raleigh 
 Railroad. 
 
 Halifax 
 
 Eiitield 
 
 Battles 
 
 Rocky Mount... 
 Joiners 
 
 212 
 
 242 
 
130 
 
 ROUTES FROM WASHINGTON. 
 
 Tossnot 
 
 Barden's 
 
 Nahunta 
 
 Goldsboro' 
 
 Dudley's 
 
 faisoii's 
 
 Warsaw 
 
 Strickland 
 
 Teachy's 
 
 S. Washington. 
 
 Bergaw 
 
 Rocky Mount . . 
 Wilmington 
 
 (274) F'mWashington 
 
 TO Parkersburg, 
 
 Via Winchester and 
 
 Clarksburg. 
 
 To Georgetown . . 
 Prospect Hill, Va. 
 
 Dranesville 
 
 Belmont 
 
 Leesbiirg 
 
 Hamilton 
 
 Purcell's Store 
 
 Snickersviile 
 
 Snicker's Ferry .. 
 Barryville 
 
 WliVCHESTER ... 
 
 Back Cr'k Valley. 
 
 Capon Bridge 
 
 Hanging Rock ... 
 
 ROMNEY 
 
 Burlington 
 
 Ridgeyille 
 
 Claysville 
 
 Glade Valley 
 
 German Settlem't 
 
 Evansville 
 
 Three Forks 
 
 Pruntytown 
 
 Bridgeport 
 
 Clarksburg — 
 
 New Salem 
 
 Lewisport 
 
 Pennsboro' 
 
 Parkersburg. 
 
 10126 
 5 131 
 6137 
 23160 
 6166 
 24190 
 71197 
 8205 
 10.215 
 6221 
 142:35 
 16;251 
 121263 
 401303 
 
 (274i) F'mWashingt'n 
 TO Winchester, 
 
 Via Alexandria. 
 
 To Alexandria. 
 
 Fairrax,Va 
 
 Chantilly 
 
 Pleasant Valley . . 
 
 Areola 
 
 Aldie 
 
 Middleburg 
 
 Rector's ><) Roads. 
 
 Upperville 
 
 Paris 
 
 Berry ville 
 
 Millwood 
 
 Winchester.... 
 
 (275) F'mWashington Triadelpliia, Va. .) 4 
 
 TO Cincinnati, Wheeling 10 
 
 Via Cumberl'd, W'Aee/- J5"[ffep_«'-t?„9- ••• 
 
 ins, Znnesville, and 
 
 Columbus. 
 
 Stage. 
 To Georgetown 
 Rockville, Md.. 
 
 Urbana 
 
 Frederick 
 
 Baltimore (i- O/iio RR. 
 
 Doup's Switch . . . 
 
 Point of Rucks... 
 
 Catoctin Switch.. 
 
 Berlin 
 
 Knoxville 
 
 We\erton 
 
 Harper's Ferry 
 
 Peacher'sMill.... 
 
 Hall Town Road. 
 
 Duffield's 
 
 Leetown Road 
 
 Kerneysville... 
 
 Drake's 
 
 Flagg'sMill... 
 
 iVliirtinsburg.. . 
 
 Warm Spring R'd 
 
 Tabbs' 
 
 Hedgesville Road. 
 
 Myer's Water Sta- 
 tion 
 
 Hedgesville Depot 
 
 N. Mountain Wa- 
 ter Station... 
 
 Back Cr'k Bridge. 
 
 Runner's Ferry 
 Road 
 
 Licking Water 
 Station 
 
 Walnut Bend .... 
 
 Hancock 
 
 St. .John's Run... 
 
 Great Cacapon... 
 
 Rockwell's Run.. 
 
 Doe Gully Tunnel 
 
 No. 12 Water Sta- 
 tion 
 
 Pawpaw Tunnel . 
 
 Little Cacapon... 
 
 Great Spring Run 
 
 Patterson's Creek 
 
 Cumberland... 
 
 JVativual Road. 
 
 Frostburg 
 
 Little Crossing... 
 
 Addison, Pa 
 
 Soniertield , 
 
 Uniontowii 
 
 Brownsville ., 
 
 E. Bethlehem .... 
 
 Beallsville 
 
 Hillsboro' 
 
 Washington 
 
 Claysville 
 
 W. Alexander 
 
 47 
 51 
 
 53 
 57 
 60 
 61 
 _, 63 
 2 65 
 
 1 Morristown 
 
 iFairview 
 
 Middlebourn 
 
 , Washington 
 
 Cambridge 
 
 New Concord 
 
 Norwich 
 
 Bridgeville 
 
 Zanesville 
 
 Hopewell 
 
 Gratiot 
 
 Brownsville 
 
 Lin ville 
 
 Jucksontown 
 
 Hebron 
 
 Luray 
 
 Kirkersville 
 
 Etna 
 
 Reynoldsburg . . . . 
 
 1 
 
 10 
 11 
 
 10 
 3 
 7 335 
 
 8343 
 9352 
 33.55 
 3J358 
 8,366 
 8:374 
 4 378 
 2380 
 5385 
 4389 
 
 4 393 
 2.395 
 3,398 
 
 5 403 
 6409 
 
 AJ Columbus |11,420 
 
 Alton.. 
 'We>t Jetferson ... 
 
 Liifajelte 
 
 Brighton Centre.. 
 'Springfield 
 
 Yellow Springs 
 
 9429 
 5434 
 8443 
 10 4.52 
 10462 
 101472 
 
 Xenia I 91481 
 
 Little Miama RR. 
 Spring Valley 
 
 Claysville 
 
 Corwin 
 
 Freeport 
 
 Lockport 
 
 Morrow 
 
 Deerfield 
 
 Foster's 
 
 [Polktown 
 
 Indian Ripple ... 
 
 iMilford 
 
 i Columbia 
 
 Cincinnati 
 
 13 
 4 
 
 21221 
 12233 
 
 3242 
 3245 
 17 262 
 10272 
 
 7I279 
 
 (276) F'mWashington 
 TO Detroit, 
 
 Via fVheeliue, IVooster 
 Ohio, ^- Toledo. 
 
 To Wheeling— 
 1! (see No. 275) . . . 
 
 Martin's Ferry, O 
 
 Colerain 
 
 Harrisville 
 
 ! Short Creek .^ 
 
 Cadiz 
 
 Stocktownship... 
 
 Tuppan 
 
 I Whitehall 
 
 lEastport 
 
 i\'ew Philadelphia 
 
 1 Dover 
 
 IStrasburg 
 
 iDeurdoff'sMills.. 
 
 63a5 
 3308 
 6314 
 [2|326 
 3|329 
 3332 
 5337 
 10,347 
 3|3:-.0 
 5355 
 
ROUTES FROM WASHINGTON. 
 
 131 
 
 Frease's Store... 
 
 Bit. Eaton 
 
 Apple Creek 
 
 WoOSTER 
 
 New Pittsburg .. 
 
 Row's 
 
 Ashland , 
 
 Savannah 
 
 Ruggles 
 
 Greenwich 
 
 Fitchville 
 
 N. Fitchville 
 
 Bronson 
 
 Norwulk , 
 
 Monroeville 
 
 Lyme 
 
 Bellevue 
 
 Lower Sandusky, 
 
 Black Swamp 
 
 VVoodville , 
 
 Perrysburg 
 
 Maumee City 
 
 'J'OLEDO 
 
 Manhiittan 
 
 Erie, Mich 
 
 La Salle 
 
 Monroe 
 
 Brest 
 
 Brownstown 
 
 Gibraltar 
 
 Truago 
 
 Detroit 
 
 436tJ 
 9'375 
 5[380 
 I1I39I 
 394 
 
 434 
 437 
 441 
 
 447 
 
 450 
 
 468 
 
 476 
 
 483 
 
 16 499 
 
 1500 
 
 101510 
 
 3I513 
 
 9:.?22 
 
 5532 
 5537 
 13550 
 6 556 
 
 11557 
 131570 
 
 (278) F'm Washington 
 
 TO Boston. 
 
 Washington Branch 
 
 Railroad. 
 
 To Bladensburg.. 
 
 Beltsville 
 
 Laurel Factory... 
 
 Junction 
 
 Elkridge Landing 
 
 Baltimore and Ohio 
 
 Railroad. 
 Baltimore 1101 40 
 
 Philadelphin, Wilming- 
 ton, &i' Baltimore RR. 
 
 (211) F'mWashington 
 
 TO New Orleans. 
 
 Steamboat. 
 
 AquiaCr'kL'g.l I 42 
 
 Railroad. 
 Fredericksburg 
 
 Va 
 
 Richmond 
 
 Petersburg , 
 
 Weldon,N. C. . 
 Wilmington — 
 
 Steamboat. 
 Charleston, 1 
 
 S. C I 
 
 Railroad. 
 
 1581 524 
 
 Augusta, Ga. .. 
 Covington, Ga.. 
 
 Stage. 
 West Point, Ga. 
 Railroad 
 Montgomery, 
 Ala.*. 
 
 137 
 131 
 
 107 
 
 87 
 
 661 
 
 792 
 
 899 
 C)86 
 
 Stage. 
 Mobile, Ala... 
 Steamboa 
 New Orleans 
 
 209 1195 
 17511370 
 
 * From Montgomery to 
 Mobile, by the river, 
 is 338 miles. 
 
 Canton 
 
 Stemmer's Run . . 
 
 Chase's 
 
 Hare wood 
 
 j Gunpowder 
 
 I Perry man's 
 
 I Hall's « Roads... 
 [Havre de Grace .. 
 
 Cecil 
 
 jCiiarlestowii 
 
 I Northeast 
 
 Elkton 16 
 
 Newark |6 
 
 Staunton 6 
 
 Newport 
 
 Wilmington — 
 Naaman's Creek. 
 
 Marcus Hook 
 
 Chester 
 
 Lazaretto 
 
 Gray's Ferry 
 
 Philadelphia... 
 Boston— 
 (see No. 231)... i 
 
 (279) F'mWashington 
 
 to Norfolk, Va. 
 
 Steamboat. 
 
 To Alexandria . . . 
 
 .Mt. Vernon 
 
 Crane island 
 
 Sandy Point, Md. 
 
 Aquia Cr'k Land- 
 ing, Va 
 
 Boyd's Hole 
 
 Mutthins' Point .. 
 
 Cedar Point, Md.. 
 
 Blackstone's I 
 
 Piney Point 
 
 Point Lookout . . . 
 
 Roger Point, Va.. 
 
 Smith's Ponit .. = . 
 
 Windmill Point.. 
 
 Gwynn's Island .. 
 
 Point-no-Point ... 
 
 New Pt. Comfort. 
 
 Back River Point. 
 
 OldPt. Comfort.. 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 (280) F'mWashington 
 
 TO Staunton, 
 Via Warrenton Sprigs 
 
 6,- Charlottesville. 
 To Alexandria . 
 
 Fairfax 
 
 Centreville 
 
 Groveton 
 
 Buckland 
 
 New Baltimore. 
 
 Warrenton 
 
 Warrenton Spr'gs 
 .Jert'ersonton.. 
 
 Rixeyville 
 
 (Culpepper C. H. . 
 Colvin's Tavern. 
 
 Locustdale 
 
 Orange C.H. ... 
 
 Gordonsville 
 
 Everittsviile 
 
 Charlottesvi'e 
 Hardins'Tavern. 
 Yancey's Mills ... 
 
 Brookville 
 
 Waynesborough.. 
 Staunton ... 
 
 91162: 
 121174! 
 
 10 184, 
 16.200 1 
 
 (281) F'mWashington 
 
 TO White Sulphur 
 
 Springs, 
 Via Fredericksburg, 
 
 Charlottesville, and 
 
 Staunton. 
 Steamboat. 
 
 To Alexandria ... 
 
 Mt. Vernon 
 
 Aquia Cr'k Land- 
 ing, Va 
 
 42 
 
 56 
 
 71 
 
 Richmond S,- Fredericks- 
 burg RR. 
 Fredericksburg... 
 
 Stage. 
 Cbancellorsville.. 
 
 Wilderness 
 
 Locust Grove .... 
 
 Verdiesville 
 
 Orange C. H 
 
 Gordonsville 
 
 Everittsviile 
 
 Charlottesvi'e 
 Hardins' Tavern . 
 Yancey's Mills... 
 
 Brookville 
 
 Waynesborough . 
 
 Staunton 
 
 Jennings' Gap 
 
 Deerlield 
 
 Cloverdale Hotel. 
 
 (ireen Valley 
 
 Bath 
 
 Hot Springs 
 
 Columbia Inn 
 
 Callaghan's 
 
 White Sulphur 
 Springs H 
 
132 
 
 ROUTES IN VIRGINIA. 
 
 (282) F'm Washington 
 
 TO Lynchburg, 
 
 Via Charlottesville. 
 
 To Chfirlottesville 
 
 
 (see No. 277) . . . 
 
 127 
 
 Garland's 
 
 14 141 
 
 Covesville 
 
 7 US 
 
 Lovingston 
 
 lo ih;-! 
 
 Rose Mills 
 
 9 1/2 
 
 New Glasgow 
 
 5 177 
 
 Lynchburg 
 
 2uliy/ 
 
 (283) F'M Fredericks- 
 
 burg TO Winches- 
 
 ter. 
 
 To Falmouth 
 
 
 2 
 
 Hartwood 
 
 H 
 
 111 
 
 Spottedville 
 
 4 
 
 14 
 
 Somerville 
 
 7 
 
 21 
 
 Warrenton 
 
 19 
 
 40 
 
 Salem Fauquier.. 
 
 i;^i hi 
 
 Oak Hill 
 
 4 
 
 r)7 
 
 Paris 
 
 9 
 
 HH 
 
 Millwood 
 
 78 
 
 Winchester ... 
 
 11 
 
 84 
 
 (284) F'm Fredericks- 
 
 burg TO 'Iappahan 
 
 nock. 
 
 ToRappahannock 
 Port Royal 
 
 
 17 
 
 n 
 
 2-r^ 
 
 Loretto. . 
 
 14 
 
 8 
 
 MH 
 
 Lloyd's 
 
 44 
 
 Tappahannock.. 
 
 12 
 
 5b 
 
 (288) F'm Richmond to 
 Washington. 
 
 Richmond, Fredericks- 
 burg, <i- Potomac RR. 
 
 To Hungary Sta- 
 tion 
 
 Tuylorsville 
 
 .lunctiou 
 
 RiitherGlen 
 
 Miiford 
 
 Guiney's 
 
 Fredericksb'g. 
 
 Aquia Cr'k Land- 
 ing, Va 
 
 Steamboat. 
 
 Mt. Vernon 
 
 Alexandria 
 
 Washington 
 
 (285) F'm Richmond to 
 Old Pt. Comfort. 
 
 To Frasier's Tav- 
 ern 
 
 New Kent 
 
 Barhamsville 
 
 Burnt Ordinary... 
 
 Williamsburg 
 
 Yorktown.. 
 Halfway House ., 
 
 Hampton 
 
 Old Pt. Comfort . 
 
 (286) F'm Richmond to 
 
 Norfolk. 
 
 Steamboat. 
 To Warwick's.. 
 
 City Point 
 
 Windmill Point . 
 Jamestown I. . . . 
 Burwell's Bay .. 
 Newport News.. 
 Norfolk 
 
 151118 
 
 (287) F'm Richmond to 
 
 Tappahannock. 
 To Old Church... 
 
 Aylett's 13 
 
 Fleetwood Acad. . 8 
 Miller's Tavern .. 4 
 Tappahannock.. 10 
 
 110 
 117 
 .. Fr'm Richmond 
 TO Gordonsville. 
 Railroad. 
 To Junction— I j 
 (see No. 288) ... I | 22 
 Louisa RR. 
 
 Beaver Dam 
 
 1 Frederick's Hall 
 
 Tolersville 
 
 Louisa C. H 
 
 Gordonsville 
 
 (289) From Richmond 
 TO Staunton. 
 
 To Powell's Tav- 
 
 ern 
 
 Dover Mills 
 
 Beaver Dam 
 
 Goochland 
 
 Cednr Point 
 
 Fife's 
 
 Columbia 
 
 Palmyra 
 
 Union Mills 
 
 iEverittsville 
 
 Charlottesville.... 
 Staunton 
 
 (290) From Richmond 
 TO Lynchburg. 
 
 To Manchester... 
 
 Coal Mmes ... 
 
 Hallsboro' 
 
 Flat Rock 
 
 iScottsville 
 
 Mficon 
 
 Ballsville 
 
 Cumberland C. H. 
 
 Langhorn's Tav- 
 I ern 
 
 Raine's 
 
 15 Farmville 
 
 281; Walker's Church. 
 
 3t)liSpout Spring 
 
 40ii(>oneord 
 
 oOll Lynchburg 
 
 (291) From Richmond 
 TO Milton, N. C. 
 
 Via Farmville. 
 
 To Farmville 
 
 Prince Edward cH 
 
 Midway Inn 
 
 Roanoke Bridge.. 
 Charlotte C.H.... 
 
 Mt. Laurel 
 
 Halifax. 
 
 J 
 
 12 
 13 
 
 90 
 120 
 
 Bloomsburg 
 
 14» 
 
 Cunningham's 
 
 Store, N.C 
 
 Milton 
 
 13 
 10 
 
 158 
 l(i8 
 
 (292) From Richmond 
 
 TO Raleigh, N.C. 
 Richm.ond S,-Petersburg 
 
 Railroad. 
 To Peters bufg.... 
 StonyCreekWare- 
 
 house i21 
 
 Jarrett's 
 
 Belrteld Ill 
 
 Greenville 6r Roanoke 
 
 Ra ilroad. 
 
 Ryland's 111174 
 
 Gaston |lo| 84 
 
 Raleigh &,■ Gaston RR. 
 
 Littleton . . 
 
 Macon 
 
 Ridge way. 
 Henderson. 
 Staunton. . 
 Franklin .. 
 Forrestville 
 Huntsville. 
 Raleigh.. 
 
 8 43 
 
 9' 521 
 10 62i| 
 
 n 73 
 
 4 77 1 
 6, 83 
 37 1 120 1 ! 
 
 (293) F'm Petersburg 
 
 TO Lynchburg. 
 To Fork Inn . . , 
 
 Mt. Level 
 
 .Morgansville .. 
 Nottoway C. H 
 
 Burksville 
 
 Farmville 
 
 Lynchburg . . 
 
 10 
 
 60 
 
 (294) F'm Petersburg 
 TO Norfolk. 
 Railroad. 
 To City Point... 
 
 Steamboat. 
 Norfolk— 
 (see No. 286) 
 
 12 
 
 (295) F'm Petersburg 
 
 TO Norfolk. 
 To Prince George 
 
 Garysville 
 
 j Cabin Point 
 
 ISurryC. H 
 
 7 
 17 
 .. 26 
 12,38 
 
ROUTES IN VIRGINIA. 
 
 133 
 
 81 46 
 
 61 52 
 61 58 
 10 68 
 lo! 78 
 
 Bacon Castle. 
 Burvvell's Bay 
 yniitlifield.... 
 Chuckatuck.. 
 
 Suftblk 
 
 Portsmouth S,- Roanoke 
 Railroad. 
 
 Portsmouth ]17l 95 
 
 Steamboat. 
 Norfolk I 11 96 
 
 (296) F'm Norfolk to 
 Hampton. 
 
 Steamboat. 
 To Old Pt. Com- 
 
 fort 
 
 Hampton 
 
 From Norfolk to 
 Eastville, 
 
 By Steiimboat....! 1 59 
 
 (297) F'm Norfolk to 
 
 Raleigh. 
 To Portsmouth . . . i I 1 
 Portsmouth £r Roanoke 
 
 Railroad. 
 
 Suffolk 
 
 11! i? 
 
 Ctirrsville 
 
 
 Newson's Depot.. 
 Margarets ville. 
 
 13 
 
 49 
 
 Stage. 
 
 Gareysburg 
 
 Weldon 
 
 Littleton.. . . 
 
 12 
 
 5 
 
 20 
 h 
 
 78 
 
 .K 
 
 c. 
 
 9 
 13 
 
 5 
 
 12 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 
 ON 
 
 jnr 
 
 75 
 80 
 
 ino 
 
 Gaston S,- Raleigf 
 Raleigh 
 
 (298) F'm Norfoi 
 Edenton, N. 
 To Deep Creek... 
 Lake Drummond. 
 South Mills, N.C. 
 
 New Lebanon 
 
 Elizabeth City.... 
 W.jodville 
 
 R. 
 
 178 
 
 TO 
 
 14 
 23 
 
 36 
 
 63 
 74 
 
 Edenton 
 
 (299) F'm St AUNT 
 Knoxville, T 
 
 J.6 
 
 TO 
 
 Cloverdale 13 78| 
 
 Salem 14 92' 
 
 La Fayette 10102j 
 
 Christiansb'rg 151117 
 Knoxville— ' 
 (see No. 303)...23ll348 
 
 (300) F'm liYNCHBURG 
 TO GUYANDOTTE, 
 
 Via White Sulphur 
 Springs. 
 To New London . 
 
 Otter Bridge 
 
 liiberty 
 
 Blue Ridge 
 
 Fincustle 
 
 Middle Mountain. 
 
 Sweet Springs 
 
 White Sulphur 
 
 Springs 
 
 Lewisburg 
 
 Blue Sul. Springs. 
 Sewell's Mountain 
 
 Locust Lane 
 
 Mountain Cove .. 
 Gauley Bridge ... 
 
 Mt. Juliet 
 
 Kanawha Saline , 
 Kanawha C. H. . 
 
 Coalsmouth 
 
 Mt. Salem 
 
 Long Level 
 
 Barboursville 
 
 Guyandotte 
 
 Liberty 
 
 IJsbon 
 
 Buford's 
 
 Big Lick 
 
 Salem 
 
 Christianburg 
 
 Ingle's Ferry 
 
 Newbern 
 
 Draper's Valley ., 
 
 Wylheville 
 
 Rural Retreat... 
 Pleasant Hill .... 
 
 Marion 
 
 Seven-mile Ford 
 
 Glade Spring 
 
 Cedarville 
 
 Abingdon 
 
 Sapling Grove... 
 Blountsville . 
 Eden's Ridge.... 
 
 Kingsport 
 
 New Canton 
 
 Lyon's Store 
 
 Yellow Store. 
 
 Rogersville 
 
 Red Bridge 
 
 Rocky Spring ... 
 Bean's Station .. 
 
 Rutledae 
 
 Blair'sV, Roads. 
 
 Academia 
 
 Knoxville 
 
 5 
 
 12 
 5 
 
 25 
 
 12 
 7100 
 
 11111 
 
 18129 
 9138 
 7 145 
 
 11156 
 6162 
 
 11173 
 5178 
 7;185 
 
 13198 
 9i207 
 9 216 
 6222 
 
 31241 
 81249 
 
 10'259 
 7266 
 4270 
 .s!279 
 
 14 298 
 9 302 
 
 10 312 
 
 To Greenville.... 
 Steele's Tavern... 
 
 Fairfield 
 
 Lexington 
 
 Fancy Hill 
 
 JVatural Bridge . 
 
 Pattensburg 
 
 Fincastle 
 
 Amsterdam 
 
 (301) From Kanawha 
 C. H. TO Pt. Pleas- 
 ant. 
 
 To Mouth of Poc. 
 
 ataligo 
 
 Walnut Grove ... 
 Redhouse Shoals. 
 
 Bnrtalo 
 
 Arbnckle 
 
 Pt. Pleasant... 
 
 (302) F'm Lynchburg 
 TO White Sulphur 
 Springs, Va., 
 
 Fia JVatural Bridge. 
 
 18 
 
 ToWaugh's Fer'y 
 Bn loony Falls .... 
 JVatural Bridge . 
 Rebecca Furnace. 
 
 Clifton Forge 
 
 (Jovington 
 
 Callaghan's 
 
 White Sulphur 
 Springs 
 
 (303) F'm Lynchburg 
 TO Knoxville, Tenn. 
 
 Via Blountsville- 
 To New London .Mil 
 I 71 18 
 
 Otter Bridge. 
 
 (304) F'm Lynchburo 
 
 TO Salisbury, N.C. 
 
 Via Danville. 
 
 To Campbell CH. 
 
 Yellow Branch... 
 
 Castle Craig 
 
 Ward's Bridge ... 
 
 Chalk Level 
 
 Robertson's Store. 
 
 Pittsylvania 
 
 Danville 
 
 Rawlingsburg, 
 N.C 
 
 Reidsville 
 
 Troublesome Cr'k 
 
 Hillsdale 
 
 Greensboro' ... 
 
 Jamestown 
 
 Brummell's 
 
 Rich Fork 
 
 Lexington 
 
 Salisbury 
 
 90 
 
 99 
 
 103 
 
 112 
 
 13125 
 
 ni36 
 
 10146 
 
 6152 
 
 6158 
 
 I7I175 
 
 (305) Fr'm Hicksford 
 
 to roxboro', n.c. 
 To Stony Mount . 
 
 Fercival' 
 Ijawrenceville. . . . 
 Diamond Grove.. 
 Tanner's Store ... 
 Lombardy Grove. 
 
 Union Level 
 
 Boydton 
 
134 
 
 ROUTES IN OHIO. 
 
 Clarksville 1121 70 
 
 Whitehouse 8 78 
 
 RoxBORo' I20| 98 
 
 (306) Fr'm Cleveland 
 TO Buffalo, A.Y. 
 
 To Euclid 
 
 E. Euclid 
 
 Willoughby.., 
 
 Mentor 
 
 Painesville ... 
 
 Perry 
 
 Madison , 
 
 Union ville. .... 
 
 Saybrook , 
 
 Ashtabula .. 
 
 Kingsville 
 
 Amboy 
 
 Conneuut 
 
 Fairview, Pa. 
 
 Erie , 
 
 Buffalo— 
 (see i\o. 253) 
 
 196 
 
 Columbus 
 
 Alton 
 
 W. Jefferson 
 
 La Fayette 
 
 Summerfield 
 
 Brighton Centre.. 
 
 Jspringfielp 
 
 Yellow Springs... 
 Xenia , 
 
 11 142 
 9151 
 51.56 
 8164 
 5169 
 5174 
 
 10,184 
 91193 
 91202 
 
 (307) Fr'm Cleveland 
 TO Toledo. 
 
 To Rockport 
 
 Dover 
 
 JM. Ridgeville .... 
 
 Elyria 
 
 Amherst 
 
 Henrietta 
 
 Birmingham 
 
 Florence 
 
 Berlinville 
 
 Milan 
 
 Norwalk 
 
 Monroevilie 
 
 Lyme 
 
 Bellevue 
 
 Lower Sandusky. 
 
 Black Swamp 
 
 Woodville 
 
 Perrysburtr 
 
 Maumee City 
 
 Toledo 
 
 Little Miama RR. 
 Spring Valley ... 
 
 Corwin 
 
 Morrow 
 
 Deerfield 
 
 Foster's Crossing 
 
 Polktown 
 
 Milford 
 
 Columbia 
 
 Cincinnati 
 
 71216 
 14 230 
 5235 
 5'240 
 6'246 
 7(253 
 91262 
 5l26/ 
 
 (309) Fr'm Cleveland 
 to Pittsburg, Pa. 
 
 (308) Fr'm Cleveland 
 
 TO Cincinnati. 
 To Brooklyn 
 
 Parma 
 
 Strong ville 
 
 Brunswick .. 
 
 Medina 
 
 Guilford 
 
 Wooster 
 
 Big Prairie.. 
 Loudonville. 
 Democracy.. 
 Mt. Vernon . 
 Mt. Liberty . 
 Centreburg. . 
 
 Sunbury 
 
 Galena 
 
 Westerville . 
 Blendon 
 
 9 
 13 
 
 9 
 11 
 14 
 
 8 91 
 10 101 
 
 51106 
 ll|ll7 
 
 4il21 
 
 7128 
 
 31131 
 
 To Newburg 
 
 Bedford 
 
 Twinsburg 
 
 Hudson 
 
 Stow 
 
 Franklin Mills.... 
 
 Ravenna 
 
 Edinburg 
 
 Palmyra 
 
 Frederick 
 
 Ellsworth 
 
 Cantield 
 
 Boardman 
 
 Poland 
 
 New Middletown. 
 
 Petersburg 
 
 Enon Valley, Pa. 
 
 Darlington 
 
 Beaver 
 
 Freedom 
 
 Economy 
 
 Sewickly Bottom. 
 
 Alleghany 
 
 Pittsburg 
 
 Linville 
 
 Brownsville 
 
 Gratiot 
 
 Hopewell 
 
 Zanesville 
 
 Bridgeville 
 
 Norwich 
 
 New Concord.. 
 
 Cambridge , 
 
 Washington 
 
 Middlebourn .... 
 
 Fairview 
 
 Morristown 
 
 St. Clairsville .. 
 
 Bridgeport 
 
 Wheeling, Va. 
 
 (312) From Columbus 
 to Pittsburg, 
 Via Steubenville. 
 
 4 
 
 %> 
 
 5 40 
 
 2 42 
 
 4 4K 
 
 Hi 54 
 
 8' 62 
 
 3 65 
 
 3 6« 
 
 9 77 
 
 HI H.1 
 
 
 92 
 
 3 
 
 95 
 
 1(1 
 
 105 
 
 11 
 
 116 
 
 10126 
 
 1127 
 
 To Reynoldsburg, 
 
 Etna 
 
 Kirkersville , 
 
 jLuray 
 
 Hebr<in , 
 
 Jucksontown 
 
 Linville 
 
 Brownsville 
 
 Gratiot 
 
 Hopewell 
 
 Zanesville — 
 
 Bridgeville 
 
 Norwich 
 
 New Concord — 
 
 Cambridge 
 
 Winchester 
 
 Antrim 
 
 Londonderry 
 
 7 116 
 3119 
 13JI32 
 lll33 
 
 (310) Fr'm Cleveland 
 TO Buffalo, N. Y. 
 Steambuat 
 To Ashtabula . . . 
 
 Erie, Pa 
 
 Portland. N.Y. . 
 
 Dunkirk 
 
 Buffalo 
 
 kI qoj Smyrna 
 
 Sig; Morelield.... 
 
 l(H!^ Greene 
 
 "^'"^■liWintersville. 
 
 44 104 
 301134 
 161.50 
 451195 
 
 (311) From Columbus 
 
 TO Wheeling, Va. 
 To Reynoldsburg. 11 
 
 Etna 
 
 Kirkersville 
 
 Liiray 
 
 Hebron 
 
 Jacksontowii 
 
 5 78 
 4 82 
 4 86 
 4 90 
 4 94 
 
 13107 
 7114 
 
 10 124 
 5129 
 3 132 
 4;136 
 5141 
 4145 
 91.54 
 
 13ll67 
 
 GO (313) From Columbus 
 
 steubenville ., 
 Holliday's Cove., 
 
 Paris 
 
 Florence 
 
 Bavington 
 
 Fayette , 
 
 Pittsburg 
 
 I 11 
 
 6 17 
 5 22 
 
 3 25 
 2i 27 
 
 4 31 
 
 4 2d 
 
 5 40 
 2 42 
 4 46 
 8 54 
 
 TO Cleveland. 
 
 To Blendon . 
 
 Westerville.. 
 
 Galena 
 
 Sunbury .- 
 
 Centreburg.. 
 
 Mt. Liberty . 
 
 Mt. Vornon . 
 
 Deniocriii-y.. 
 I Ltiudonville. 
 jBig Prairie .. 
 
 Wooster .. 
 iGuiin.rd 
 
p 
 
 ROUTES IN OHIO. 
 
 Medina. 
 
 Brunswick . . 
 Strongville .. 
 
 Piirmn 
 
 Brooklyn 
 
 Cleveland. 
 
 I Richmondale ! 8 
 
 .Iiickson 15 
 
 Rocky Hill | 8 
 
 Gallipolis i'<J3 
 
 (314) From Columbus 
 
 TO Sandusky. 
 To Worthingtoii . 9 
 
 VVilliamsville ... 
 
 Delaware 
 
 Norton 
 
 Marion 
 
 Bucyrus 
 
 Chattield 
 
 Attica 
 
 Reedtown 
 
 Siierman 
 
 Bellevue 
 
 Sandusky 
 
 (315) From Colu 
 
 TO Indianapolis 
 
 Via Dayton. 
 
 To Alton 
 
 W. Jefferson 
 
 La Fayette 
 
 Brighton Centre.. 
 
 Springfield 
 
 Enon 
 
 Fairfield 
 
 Dayton 
 
 Liberty 
 
 W. Alexandria... 
 
 Eaton 
 
 New VVe^tville... 
 Richmond, Ind. .. 
 
 CentrevilJe 
 
 Cambridge 
 
 Dublin 
 
 Lewisville 
 
 Ogden 
 
 Knightstown 
 
 Charlottesville 
 
 Greenfield 
 
 Philadelphia 
 
 Cumberland 
 
 Indi.vnapolis 
 
 (316) From Columbus 
 
 TO Portsmouth. 
 To S. Bloomfield . 
 
 Circleville 
 
 Chillicothe 
 
 VVaverly 
 
 Piketon 
 
 Lucasville 
 
 Portsmouth — 
 
 (317) From Columbus 
 
 TO Gallipolis. 
 To S. Bloomfield.! 117 
 
 Circleville 9 26 
 
 Chillicothe Iisl 4a 
 
 (318) F'mColumbus to 
 
 Maysville, Ken. 
 To Chillicothe— 
 (see No. 317) . . 
 
 Bourneville 
 
 Bainbridge 
 
 Cynthiana 
 
 Sinking Spring.. 
 Locust Grove ... 
 
 DunbHrton 
 
 West Union 
 
 .Aberdeen 
 
 Maysville 
 
 Kingston ..; 
 
 (JhILLU OTHE — 
 
 To Maysville— 
 
 (see No. 318) ... 
 
 135 
 
 91 61 
 10 71 
 
 ■9150 
 
 (319) From Columbus 
 
 TO Athens. 
 To Lithopolis . , . . 
 
 Courtwright 
 
 Lancaster 
 
 Sugar Grove 
 
 Logan 
 
 Nelsonville 
 
 Channcey 
 
 Athens 
 
 (320) From Columbus 
 
 to Marietta. 
 To Zanesvillk, 
 (see No. 312)... 
 
 Blue Rock 
 
 McConnellsville.. 
 
 Beverly 
 
 Waterford 
 
 Lowell 
 
 Marietta 
 
 (321) F'm Zanesville 
 
 to Cleveland. 
 To Coshocton.... 
 
 Keene's 
 
 :Mill Creek 
 
 Clark's 
 
 Millersburg 
 
 Wooster 
 
 Guilford 
 
 Medina 
 
 Brunswick 
 
 Strongville 
 
 Parma 
 
 Brooklyn 
 
 Cleveland 
 
 (322) F'm Zanesville 
 TO Maysville, Ky. 
 
 To Putnam I 1 
 
 Fultonham 8 
 
 Somerset 10 
 
 Rushville 8 
 
 Ijancnster I 9 
 
 Tarlton. 
 
 161 52 
 
 (323) F'm Zanesville 
 
 TO Wheeling, Va. 
 To Bridgeville. 
 
 Norwich 
 
 New Concord . 
 
 Cimilindge 
 
 Washington... 
 .Middiebourne . 
 
 Fairview 
 
 .Morristown 
 
 St. Clairsville . 
 
 Bridgeport 
 
 Wheeling ... 
 
 73 
 
 (324) F'm Chillicothe 
 TO Gallipolis, 
 
 (See No. 317) 
 
 (325) Fr'm Cincinnati 
 TO West Union. 
 
 To Fulton 
 
 Newtown 
 
 Mt. Carmel 
 
 Batavia 
 
 Williamsburg... 
 
 Bethel 
 
 Hamersville 
 
 Georgetown 
 
 Kussellville 
 
 Decatur 
 
 West Union... 
 
 (326) Fr'm Cincinnati 
 TO Chillicothe. 
 
 To Fulton 2 
 
 Plainville 
 
 Milford 
 
 Perrin's Mills.... 
 
 Gordonville 
 
 Fayetteville 
 
 Dodsonville 
 
 Rainsboro' 
 
 Bainbridge 
 
 Bourneville 
 
 Chillicothe... 
 
 (327) Fr'm Cincinnati 
 TO Zanesville, 
 
 Via Circleville. 
 
 To Wnlnut Hills. 
 Pleasant Ridge... 
 
 Montgomery 
 
 Twenty. mile 
 
 Stand 
 
 Hopkinsville 
 
 Rochester 
 
 Cliuksville 
 
 Wilmington 
 
136 
 
 ROUTES IN OHIO. 
 
 Sabina HO 
 
 Washington. 
 New Holland. 
 Williamsport. 
 
 Circleville 
 
 Amanda 
 
 Lancaster 
 
 Rusliville 
 
 Somerset 
 
 Fultonham .. 
 
 Putnam 
 
 Zanesville . 
 
 971 
 
 109! 
 
 118 
 
 9127 
 
 81351 
 10 145 i 
 8 153: 
 II154 
 
 (330) Fr'm Cincinnati! 
 
 TO SiDNKV, j 
 
 Via Dayton. | 
 
 To Carthage 
 
 (328) Fr'm Cincinnati 
 TO Wheeling, Va. 
 
 Via Springfield, Colum- 
 bus, <S- Zanesville. 
 
 Little Miama RR. 
 
 ToColumhia 
 
 Plain ville 
 
 Milford 
 
 Germany 
 
 Indian Ripple 
 
 Polktown 
 
 Loveland's 
 
 Foster's 
 
 Deerfield , 
 
 Morrow 
 
 Loekport 
 
 Freeport 
 
 Corwin 
 
 Claysville 
 
 Sprnig Valley ... 
 
 Xenia 
 
 Yellow Springs . 
 Springfield — 
 Brighton Centre. 
 
 L:i Fayette 
 
 West Jetterson . . 
 
 Alton 
 
 Columbus 
 
 Reynoldsburg ... 
 
 Etna 
 
 Kirkersvilie 
 
 Luray 
 
 Hebron 
 
 Jacksontown 
 
 Linnville 
 
 Brownsville 
 
 Gratiot 
 
 Hopewell 
 
 Zanesville — 
 Wheeling— 
 
 (see No. 323) . . 
 
 Springdale 
 
 Hamilton 
 
 Middletown 
 
 Franklin 
 
 Miamisburg 
 
 Alexandersville... 
 
 Dayton 
 
 W. Charleston . . . 
 
 Troy 
 
 Piqua 
 
 Sidney 
 
 7| 13| 
 
 is' 41; 
 H 47 1 
 
 6 53 
 4' 57 i 
 8| 651 
 
 10 75 
 111 86 
 
 7 93 
 131106 
 
 (331) Fr'm Cincinnati 
 TO Indianapolis. 
 
 To Cheviott 
 
 Dry Ridge 
 
 Cieves 
 
 Elizabethtown ... 
 Lawrenceburgjia, 
 
 Manchester 
 
 Laugherty 
 
 Delaware 
 
 Napoleon 
 
 Greensburg , 
 
 St. Omar 
 
 Shelby ville , 
 
 Brandy wme , 
 
 Pleasant View 
 
 Bethel 
 
 Indianapolis 
 
 Campbellsville... 
 
 Greensburg 
 
 Monroe 
 
 Three Springs 
 
 Blue Spring Grove 
 
 Glasgow 
 
 Scottsville 
 
 State Line 
 
 Gallatin 
 
 Nashville 
 
 12161 
 12173 
 11184 
 
 6190 
 4194 
 13 207 
 25 232 
 91241 
 24 265 
 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 
 6 
 10 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 12 
 10 
 11 
 
 6 
 12 
 14114 
 
 8I122 
 
 (332) Fr'm Cincinn-^^.ti 
 TO St. Louis, 
 Via Indianapolis. 
 To Indianapolis— 
 (see N(j. 331) .. . 
 
 10105 
 8113 
 S]lB:sr. Lou 
 
 9127 
 11138 
 6 144 
 
 5l49i 
 
 31521 
 
 154 1 
 
 1581 
 
 167 
 
 254 
 
 (329) Fr'm Cincinnati 
 TO Cleveland, 
 Columlms and 
 H'uuster. 
 
 Via 
 
 To Columbus— 
 (see No. 328). 
 
 Cleveland — 
 (see No. 313).. 
 
 127 
 
 (see No. 500)... 237 
 
 (333) Fr'm Cincinnati 
 TO Lexington, Ky. 
 
 Steambont. 
 To Covington 
 Stage. 
 
 Florence 
 
 Crittenden 
 
 Williamstown 
 Georgetown. . 
 
 Delphi 
 
 Lexington.. 
 
 . 6 
 
 8l S4 
 
 (334) Fr'm Cincinnati 
 TO Nashville, Tenn. 
 To Lexington— 
 (see No. 333) . 
 Nicholasville. .. 
 Shawnee Run.. 
 Harrodsburg 
 
 Perryville 
 
 Lebanon 
 
 Newmarket 
 
 84 
 12i 96 
 
 (335) Fr'm Cincinnati 
 TO Natchez, Miss. 
 
 To Nashville— 
 (see No. 334) ... 
 
 Good Spring 
 
 Franklin 
 
 Springhill 
 
 (Columbia 
 
 Mt. Pleasant 
 
 Lawrenceburg ... 
 
 Florence 
 
 Tuscumbia 
 
 Russellville 
 
 Tollgate 
 
 Pikeville 
 
 Moscow 
 
 Border Spring, 
 Miss 
 
 Columbus 
 
 Shoco 
 
 [Choctaw Agency 
 
 'Louisville 
 
 Hopahka 
 
 Ot'ahoma 
 
 Springfield 
 
 Sharon 
 
 IC^anton 
 
 Jackson 
 
 Newtown 
 
 Line Store 
 
 (iailatin 
 
 Malcolm 
 
 291 
 
 304 
 
 309 
 
 12 321 
 
 12333 
 
 11344 
 
 22;366 
 
 36j402 
 
 407 
 
 18l425 
 
 33458 
 
 101468 
 
 19 487 
 
 502 
 519 
 537 
 543 
 
 •568 
 605 
 613 
 1619 
 H630 
 7 637 
 23 660 
 101670 
 12682 
 15l697 
 331730 
 Jlississippi Railroad. 
 
 Washington I14l744 
 
 Natchez llbU60 
 
 (336) Fr'm Cincinn-vti 
 to Baltimore, Md. 
 
 Via Wheeling Hr Cum- 
 berland. 
 
 To Wheeling, 
 Va.- 
 (see No. 328) . 
 
 Triadelphia. Va, 
 
 I W. Alexander.. 
 
 ! Claysville 
 
 I Washington.... 
 
 IHillsboro' 
 
 iBealsville 
 
 IE. Bethlehem .. 
 
 Brownsville 
 
 Uniontown 
 
 ISumertield 
 
 6 314 
 12 326 
 21347 
 
ROUTES IN OHIO. 
 
 137 
 
 Addison, Pa I 4i351l 
 
 Little Crossing ... 13 364 
 
 Frostburg ,13 377 
 
 Cumberland ;10 387 
 
 Baltimore tV' Ohio RR. j 
 
 81395' 
 13i408 
 
 4412 
 \i 424 
 
 9 433 
 
 442 
 447 
 454 
 
 458 
 
 465 
 
 8 473 
 
 Patterson's Creek 
 Little Cacapon... 
 Pawpaw Tunnel.. 
 DoeGnlleyTun'J. 
 Great Cacapon... 
 
 Hancock 
 
 Walnut Bend 
 
 BarkCr'k Bridge. 
 
 Hedgesville 
 
 Martinsburg... 
 
 Kerneysville 
 
 Harper's Ferry 11 484 
 
 Frederick 20 5041 
 
 Ellicott's Mills... 47 5.51 j 
 
 Baltimore 14 £63 
 
 (337) Fr'm Cincinnati 
 
 TO Pittsburg. 
 
 To Wheeling- 
 
 (see No. 328) . 
 
 Triadelphia, Va 
 
 W.Alexander,Pa 
 
 Claysville 
 
 Washington... 
 Cannonsburg.. 
 Harriottsville.. 
 Pittsburg ... 
 
 iPlainville 
 
 'iMilford 
 
 Germany 
 
 Indian Ripple 
 
 Polktt)wn 
 
 Foster's 
 
 Deertield 
 
 Morrow 
 
 Lockport 
 
 : Freeport 
 
 Corwin 
 
 Claysville , 
 
 i^pring Valley 
 
 Xenia 
 
 6273 
 10283 
 
 7 290 
 
 8 298 
 10 308 
 
 (338) Fr'm Cincinnati 
 
 TO Sandusky City. 
 TAttleMiamaRRA I 
 To (,'olunibia | I 5 
 
 4 
 
 ^1 
 
 5 
 
 14 
 
 2 
 
 16 
 
 
 17 
 
 
 21 
 
 
 27 1 
 
 5 3211 
 
 51 37 ll 
 
 
 42 
 
 
 45 
 
 
 51 
 
 4' .i5|| 
 
 3' 58;' 
 
 7 
 
 65 
 
 Stage. 
 
 Peru 
 
 Steuben 
 
 New Haven.. 
 
 Plymouth 
 
 Shelby 
 
 Mansfield.., 
 
 16 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 8! 56 
 13 69 
 
 43 
 
 Stage. 
 Yellow Springs 
 
 Springfield 10 1 85 
 
 Urbana 14 .99 
 
 101 
 
 W. Liberty 
 Bellefontaine. 
 
 Cherokee 
 
 Howell's 
 
 Kenton 
 
 111110 
 8ill8 
 6124 
 7:131 
 11142 
 Mad River RR. 
 
 Carey 231165 
 
 Tiffin 16 181 
 
 Republic 9 190 
 
 Befievue 13 203 
 
 Sandusky 16219 
 
 From Sandusky to 
 
 Mansfield. 
 
 Mansfield RR. 
 
 ToMonroeviile...! I 16 
 
 From Sandusky to 
 Buffalo, N.Y. 
 
 Steamboat. 
 
 ToHunin 10 
 
 Black River 20 30 
 
 Cleveland 27 57 
 
 Ashtabula 60117 
 
 Erie, Pa 44 161 
 
 Portland, N.Y. .. 30191 
 nun kirk.. ih'';>n7 
 
 Buffalo 
 
 45 252 
 
 From Sandusky to 
 Chicago, 111. 
 
 Steamboat. 
 
 To Detroit 
 
 Ft. Gratiot 
 
 Point au Barques 
 Thunder Bay Isl. 
 
 Pres(]ue Isle 
 
 Mackinac 
 
 Manitou Islands. 
 Milwaukie, Wis. 
 
 Racine 
 
 South port 
 
 (Chicago, 111. ... 
 
 I 75 
 72147 
 75 222 
 75 297 
 80 377 
 65 442 
 103 545 
 150 695 
 25 720 
 13 733 
 57.790 
 
DESCRIPTION OF THE SOUTHERN STATES, 
 
 AND 
 
 THE PRINCIPAL CITIES, TOWNS, WATERING- 
 PLACES, &c 
 
 ^^•. 
 
 ^x^sa 
 
 _ _ CK MT'i 
 
 <-U^ iNURTH CAROl.lXA lie.- between 33^ 50' and 
 
 ■^^5 3(3° 30' N. lat , and hetwfc ii 7j«' 45' and 84*^ W. Ion. 
 
 from Greenwich; and between 6*^ :iO' W., and 1" 33' 
 
 i;. Ion. from Washington. Population in 1840. 
 
 753,419. 
 
 Along the entire coast of this state there is a ridge 
 of sand, separated from the main land in some places 
 liy narrow, and in other places by broad sounds and 
 b.iys. The passages or inlets tiirough it are shaihiw 
 and dangcrou-, Ocracoke inlet being the only one through which vessels 
 pa-".. Capes Hritteras and Lookout are projecting points in this belt, and 
 ott them, particularly the former, is the most dangerous navigation on the 
 coast of the United JStates. Cape Fear is on an island off the mouth of 
 Cape Fear river. For 60 or 80 miles from the shore, the country is level ; 
 the streams are sluggish, and there are many swamps and marshes. The 
 soil is sandy and poor, excepting on the margins of the streams, where it 
 is frequently very fertile. I'lie natural growth of this region is mostly the 
 pitch-pine. This tree affords tar, pitch, turpentine, and lumber, which 
 constitute an important part of the e.xports of the state. In the swampa 
 rice of a fine quality is raised. Back of the flat country, and extending 
 to the lower falls of the rivers, is a belt of land about 40 miles wide, of 
 a moderately uneven surface, a sandy soil, and of which the pitch pine is 
 the prevailing natural growth. Above the falls the country is hilly, the 
 streams have a more rapid current, and the country is more fertile, pro- 
 ducing wheat, rye, flax, oats, and barley. The western part of the state 
 is an elevated tnble-land, about 1,800 feet above the level of the sea, 
 with some high ranges and very elevated summits. Black Mountain, in 
 Yancy county, 6,476 feet high, is the highest land in the United States 
 east of the Rocky Mountains. Roan Mountain is 6,038 feet, and Grand- 
 father Mountain is 5,iS56 feet high. Throughout the state Indian corn is 
 raised, and in some parts considerable cotton. In the low country, grapes, 
 plums, blackberries, and strawberries grow spontaneously; and on the 
 intervals canes prow luxuriantly, the leaves of which, continuing green 
 during winter, furnish food for cattle. In the elevated country, oak 
 walnut, lime, arid cherry trees, of a large growth, abound. 
 
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA. 139 
 
 The principal rivers are— tiie Cliowiin. 400 miles lone:, navigable for 
 small vessels 30 miles ; Roanoke ; Pamlico, navigable for 30 miles ; Tar ; 
 Neuse ; Cape Fear, the largest river in the state, 280 miles long, with 
 eleven feet of water to Wilmington ; the Yadkin, which forms a part 
 of the Great Pedee in South Carolina. 
 
 The constitution of this state was adopted in December, 1776, and re- 
 vised in 1835. The senate and house of commons are elected biennially 
 by the people. The senate consists of 50 members, and the house of com- 
 mons of J20. The senate is chosen by districts, the number being 
 apportioned by the amount of state taxes paid. The members of the 
 house of commons are apportioned among the counties according to their 
 population. The governor is chosen for two years by the qualified voters, 
 and is eligible only four years in six. There is an executive council of 7 
 members, chosen biennially by a joint vote of both houses. In case 
 of the death of the governor, his duties devolve upon the speaker of the 
 senate. The judges of the Supreme Court are chosen by a joint-ballot 
 of both houses of the legislature, and hold their office during good 
 behavior. The attorney-general is appointed by the legislature for 
 4 years. The right of suffrage extends to all free white persons 21 years 
 of age, who have been inhabitants of the state for twelve months previous 
 to the election ; but in order to vote for a senator, a freeman must possess 
 a freehold of 50 acres of land. The legislature meets biennially at 
 Raleigh, on the second Monday of November, and the governor is chosen 
 in August preceding. 
 
 There are three colleges in the state, viz. : The University of North 
 Carolina, at Chapel Hill ; Davidson College, in Mecklenburg county ; 
 and Wake Forest College, at Forestville. There are 145 academies and 
 637 common schools. 
 
 The first permanent settlement in this state was on the eastern bank of 
 the Chowan river, about 1660, by emigrants who, in consequence of 
 religious persecution, fled from Nansemond, Virginia. The constitu- 
 tion of the United States was adopted in convention, Nov. 27th, 1789 — 
 yeas 193, nays 75. 
 
 Raleirh, the capital of the state, is pleasantly situated, a few miles 
 west of Neuse river, 27 NW. Smitlifield, the nearest ordinary point of 
 navigation, 164 SSW. Richmond, Va., 288 from Washington. Popula- 
 tion 2,500. In the centre of the city is Union Square, containing ten 
 acres, from which extend four streets, dividing it into four quarters. In 
 the centres of these quarters are four other squares, of four ncres each. 
 Tlie four largest streets are 99 feet wide, and the others 66. The Slate- 
 house is a superb granite edifice, built after the model of the Parthenon at 
 Athens. It is 166 feet long, 90 feet wide, and surrounded by massive 
 granite columns, 5i feet in diameter, and 30 feet liigh. Besides the above, 
 the city contains a court-house, governor's house, a theatre, two banks, 
 4 academies, five churches, and 400 dwellings. The North Carolina 
 Literary, Scientific, and Military Academy has 3 professors and about 50 
 students. The former state-house, containing a beautiful marble statue 
 of Washington, by Canova. was burned in 1831. Wake Forest (College 
 is at Forestville, 15 miles from Raleigh. It was founded in 1838, and 
 has a president, 3 professors, 25 students, and 4,700 volumes in its 
 libraries. The commencement is on the third Thursday in June. Cars 
 arrive from, and depart daily for Richmond, Va,, via Gnstmi and 
 Petersburg. Stages leave daily for Columbia, S. C, via Faynttcvillu ; 
 tliree time^ a week for Greensboro ; fur Sa/isburi/ ; and for Goldsboru. 
 
140 STATE OF NORTH CAROLmA. 
 
 Weldon is situiited on the right bank of Roanoke river, at the Great 
 fulls, at the head of navigation, and 95 miles from Raleigh. It contains 
 two churches, an academy, and about 300 inhabitants. Halifax, seven 
 miles below the falls, on the Roanoke, contains a court-house, a bank, two 
 churches, an academy, and 500 inhabitants. Cars arrive from, and de- 
 part daily for Wilminston; for Richmond, Va. ; andforJVorfolk. 
 
 Edenton is situated near the mouth of (Jhowan river, on Edenton 
 bay, which sets up from Albemarle Sound, eighty-six miles by land 
 from Norfolk. It contains an elegant court-house, a bank, an academy, 
 two churches, and about 1,600 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times a week 
 for JVorf/lk, Va. ; and for J^cwbern via Plymouth. 
 
 Eliza BKTH City, situated on the right bank of Pascotank river, 
 contains a court-house, an academy, 2 churches, and 2,000 inhabitants. 
 
 Tarboro, situated on the right bank of Tar river, at the head ot 
 steamboat navigation, has a court-house, a bank, two churches, an 
 academy, and about 600 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times a week for 
 Raleigh and for ffashinston. 
 
 Washington, situated on the left bank of Tar river, at the head ot 
 ship navigation, has a court-house, a church, an academy, and 1,200 
 iniiabitanls. Stages leave 3 times a week for Raleigh ; and fur JVewbern. 
 
 Nevvbern, situated on Neuse river at the junction of Trent river, 
 126 miles from Raleigh, was formerly the capital of the slate. It is 
 more healthy than most other places in the state so near the seaboard. 
 It contains a court-house, a theatre, a Masonic-hall, two banks, three 
 churches, four academies, and 4,000 inhabitants. Stages leave three 
 times a week for RxUeigh ; for Tarboro ; for Plymouth ; and for Beaufort. 
 
 Beaufort, situated on North river, eleven miles from Cape Lookout, 
 and 170 from Raleigh, has a good harbor for vessels drawing not more than 
 14 feet water. It contains a court-house, a Masonic-hall, a female seminary, 
 a male seminary, a church, and 1,200 inhabitants. The harbor is defended 
 by Fort Macon, on Bogue Point. Stages leave 3 times a week for Raleigh. 
 
 Wilmington lies on the left bank of Cape Fear river, at the head of 
 ship navigation, 35 miles from the ocean, and 136 from Raleigh. It is 
 the most commercial and populous town in the state. It has a court- 
 house, two banks, an academy, 2 churches, and about 5,000 inhabitants. 
 Cars arrive from, and depart daily for Richmond, Va., and iVashingUm ; 
 and also for JVorfolk, Va. (See routes 351 and 352.) Steamboats daily to 
 and from Charleston, S. C. 
 
 Fayetteville is situated on the right bank of Cape Fear river, 88 
 miles from Wilmington. It is regularly laid out, and contains a court- 
 house, two banks, 3 churches, 4 academies, a United States arsenal of 
 construction, several extensive cotton factories and mills, and 4,500 in- 
 habitants. It has several times suffered severely by lire. The river is 
 navigable for steamboats to this place ; and it commands an extensive 
 trade with the interior. Stages leave daily for Raleigh, and for Cheraw, 
 S. C. ; 3 times a week for fVarsaw ; and twice a week for Salisbury. 
 
 Warrenton is situated on a branch of Tar river, 62 miles northeast 
 from Raleigh. It has a court-house, a church, an academy, and 700 in- 
 habitants. The Shocco White Sulphur Springs are twelve miles from 
 Warrenton. The waters contain sulphureted hydrogen gas, carbonic 
 acid gas, sulphate of magnesia, sulpiiafe of lime, oxide of iron, muriate 
 of soda, and carbonate of lime : they have been found beneficial in cases 
 of dyspepsia, liver complaint, and diseases of the skin. Stages leave the 
 Warrenton depot daily for the Springs. (See route 341.) 
 
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA. 141 
 
 CiiM'LL Him. i> ^iHKitc d "2- mile- liom U.iK i^h, 1)Hu((I) the liriuiclies 
 of New Hope river. It i> the af.it i»t tlic L'uivtrsity of ^<)rtll Carolina, 
 founded in 1789. Its ediiices, tive in number, are buiii of brick, and con- 
 tain, besides the libraries, a chemical apparatus and iiiineralogical cabinet. 
 It has a president 7 professors, 2 tutors, 777 alumni, 156 students, and 12,0110 
 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is on the first Tliursday in 
 June. The village has about 300 inhabitants. 
 
 Greensboro' is situated on a branch of Haw river, 82 miles from 
 Raleigh. It contains a court-house, a church, the Caldwell Institute, an 
 academy, and about 700 inhabitants. Rockingham Sprhigs, 24 miles 
 from Greensboro', are on one of the north branches of Haw river. The 
 waters are in much repute. St(ig;es leave, Greensboro^ 3 times a week for 
 Raleigh ; for Miltov ; fur Danville, Va. ; for IVyUieville, f^a. ; for 
 Kvoxville, Tenn. ; and for Satigburi/. 
 
 Salem, on a branch of Yadkin river, is a pretty village extending for a 
 mile and a half mostly on one street, shaded with trees. It has a church, 
 a Moravian academy, a bank, and about 1,00(1 inhabitants. Twenty-four 
 miles NW. from Salem is the Pi/ot Mountain, a regular cone, rising to 
 the height of 1,750 feet above the surrounding plain, and terminating in a 
 huge rock called the Pinnacle. (See route 344.) 
 
 Salisbury is situated on a branch of Yadkin river, 115 miles from 
 Raleigh, at the great central point of travel in the western part of the state. 
 The village has a church, a court-house, an academy, and 700 inliabitants. 
 Here is an ancient stone wall, laid in cement, from 12 to 14 feet liigh and 22 
 inches thick, which reaches to within a foot of the surface ; and the length 
 of what has been discovered is about 300 feet. The object, time, and 
 purpose of its construction are uncertain. Stage-f leave 3 times a week 
 for Raleigh ; for Danville, Va. ; for Knozville, Tenn. ; for Columbia, 
 S. C. ; for Clieraw; and.for Faijetteville. 
 
 Charlotte is situated a few miles east from the Catawba river, and 
 158 from Raleigh. It contains a court-house, a branch of the United 
 States Mint, 4 churches, and l.(X)0 inhabitants. East of the village are a 
 number of very productive gold mines. About twenty miles from Charlotte 
 is Davidson College, founded in 1838. It has a president, two profes- 
 eors, 31 alumni, 49 students, and 1,200 volumes in its libraries. The 
 commencement is on the last Thursday in June. Stages leave three times 
 a week for Salisbury: and for Columbia, S. C. 
 
 LiNCOLNTON, beautifully situated on the left bank of the Little Catawba 
 river, 172 miles from Raleigh, has a court-house, three churches, two 
 academies, and 900 inliabitants. There are in the vicinity several ex- 
 tensive mills and manufactories of cotton, iron, and paper. The Catawba 
 Springs are 14 miles east from Lincolnton. The waters contain sulphate 
 of magnesia and lime. The scenery in this part of the state is truly 
 beautiful. Twenty miles west front Lincolnton are tiie Shelby Sulphur 
 
142 
 
 STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 Springs, the waters of which are verj' similar to the Sulphur springs ^f 
 Virginia. Stages leave Lincolnton 3 times a week for Salisbury ; and for 
 Jishville ; and twice a week for Camden, S. C. 
 
 AsHViLLE is situated on the right bank of French Broad river, 250 
 miles from Raleigh. It is in a healthy and beautiful mountain region, and 
 has a court-house, an academy, two churches, and 700 inhabitants. A 
 few miles southwest from the village is a sulphur spring much frequented. 
 The fVarm Springs are situated on the left bank of French Broad river, 
 34 miles from Ashville. The temperature of the Springs is from 96° t.) 
 100° Fahrenheit, and the waters contain the muriates and sulphates of 
 lime and magnesia, are limpid, and emit nitrogen gas. Chronic rheuma- 
 tism and paralysis have been cured by drinking the water, and by fre- 
 quent outward applications. Stages leave Jishville 3 times a week for 
 Raleigh via Salisbury , for Columbia, S. C. ; and for JVashville via 
 Knoxville. 
 
 SOUTFl CAROLliNA is situated between 32* 2' 
 
 ind 35^ 10' N lat , and between 78° 24' and 83° 30* 
 
 ^"^N W. Ion. It is 200 miles long and 125 broad, con- 
 
 j^\ taining about 25,000 square miles. Population in 1840, 
 
 ^, 594,398. 
 I oJ^j The seacoast is bordered with a chain of islands. 
 ^f between which and the shore there is a very convenient 
 r**^ navigation. The main land is naturally divided into 
 *^" the Lower and Upper country. The low country ex 
 tends from 80 to 100 miles from the seacoast, and is covered with ex- 
 tensive forests of pitch-pine, called pine barrens, interspersed with marshes 
 and swamps of a rich soil. The banks of the large rivers, and the creeks 
 of this region, are bordered with a belt of excellent land, producing cotton 
 and Indian corn in abundance. The marshes and swamps in this district 
 make fine rice plantations. After leaving the low country, in proceeding 
 into the interior, you first pass through a region of little sand-hills, which 
 have been compared to the arrested waves of the sea in a storm. This 
 curious country, sometimes denominated the Middle Country, continues 
 for 50 or 60 miles, till you arrive at the Ridge or Upper country, the 
 ascent to which, proceeding from the Atlantic, is sudden and somewhat 
 precipitous. The lower falls of the rivers are found along this rfdge. The 
 low grounds between the sand-hills are suitable for acriculture and 
 pasturage; but with these exceptions, the country below the ridge is bar- 
 ren, and scarcely worth cultivation. Beyond the ridge commences a beau 
 tiful and healtliy country of hills and dales, with fine flowing streams ol 
 pure water. This whole region may be regarded as an elevated table- 
 land, and is generally fertile. In the distance of 220 miles NVV. from 
 
STATE OF SOUTH CAROLIxVA. 143 
 
 Charleston, the land is 800 feet above the level of the sea. From this 
 the country rises gradually to a mountainous region to the west, where 
 the great Alleghany range passes through the state, in several ridges, 
 some of which have high peaks. Table Mountain, one of the most 
 conspicuous of these, is 4,000 feet above the level of the sea. The 
 staple productions of the state are cotton and rice, great quantities 
 of which are exported. Rice is extensively cultivated where the land 
 can be irrigated by the tide or the overflowing of the rivers. The sea- 
 island cotton, produced in the islands along the shores, is of a superior 
 quality, and is in great demand. 
 
 The Great Pedee river, 450 miles long, rises in North Carolina, and 
 runs through the eastern part of the state. It is navigable for sloops 
 130 miles. The Santee, formed by the junction of the Wateree and 
 the Congaree, rises in North Carolina, and has a sloop navigation for 
 about 130 miles. The Saluda is a branch of the Congaree. The Edisto 
 is navigable for large boats 100 miles. The Savannah washes the whole 
 southwest border of the state, and is a noble stream. There are several 
 smaller rivers, among which are Cooper, Ashley, and Combahee. 
 
 The literary institutions in this state are— the College of South Carolina, 
 at Columbia ; Charleston College, at Charleston ; the Medical School, at 
 Charleston; and three theological institutions. There are about 1'20 
 academies or grammar schools, and 600 common schools. 
 
 The constitution was formed in 1775, and reconstructed in 1790. The 
 governor is elected for two years by a joint vote of both houses of the as- 
 sembly. After having served one term, he is ineligible for the next four 
 years. A lieutenant-governor is chosen in the same maimer and for the 
 same period. The Senate consists of 45 members, elected by districts for 
 four years. The House of Representatives consists of 124 members, ap- 
 portioned among the several districts according to the number of white 
 inhabitants and taxation, and are elected for two years. The representa- 
 tives and one half the senators are chosen every second year, in October. 
 The legislature meets annually in Columbia, on the fourth Monday in 
 November. The chancellor and judges of the Supreme Court are chosen 
 by the joint ballot of both houses of the Assembly, and hold their offices 
 during good behavior. Every free white male citizen 21 years of age, 
 who has resided in the state two years immediately preceding the 
 election, and who is possessed of a freehold of 50 acres of land or a town- 
 lot, six months before the election ; or not possessing this freehold, who 
 shall have resided in the election district in which he ofl^ers to vote, 
 six months before the election, and have paid a tax of three shillings 
 sterling to the support of the government, has the right of suffrage. 
 
 The first settlement of this state was made at Port Royal, in 1670. 
 The constitution of the United States was adopted in convention, May 
 23d, 1788— yeas 149, nays 73. 
 
 Columbia, the capital of the state, is situated on the left bank of the 
 Congaree river, immediately below the junction of Broad and Saluda 
 rivers, 130 miles from Charleston. From the river there is a gradual 
 ascent for one mile, reaching to a height of 200 feet, where it spreads out 
 into a plain of two or three miles in extent, descending on every side. 
 On this plain the city is built. It is regularly laid out into wide and 
 handsome streets, and extensively planted with trees. It has a state- 
 house 170 feet long, 60 wide, and two stories high ; a couri-house, town- 
 hall, market-house, two banks, a theatre, an academy, a female seminary, 
 an asylinn, 6 churches, and 4,400 inhabitants, (^olumbia is also the 
 
144 
 
 STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 Beat of South Carolina College, founded in 1804, which has a president 
 iind 6 professors or other in^5tructors, 150 students, and 15,000 volumes in 
 its libraries. The commencement is on the first Monday in December. 
 Its buildings are commodious, and contain a philosophical apparatus and 
 an observatory. The Southern Theological Seminary, founded in 1831, 
 has two professors, 16 students, and 4,000 volumes in its libraries. A 
 bridge here crosses the Congaree river. Sfmmboats ply between this place 
 and Charleston. Cars arrive from, avd depart daily for Charhston. 
 atages leave daily fur Raleigh via Chcraw ; 3 times a week for Jlugusta, 
 Ga. : for Greenville : fur Yorkville : twice a week for Rutherfordton, JV. C. 
 
 (Jhart.>;.ston, tiie metropolis, is situated in 32^ 4()' 33" N. hit., and 79° 
 57' 27" W. Ion., 580 miles from Baltimore, and 765 from New York. 
 Population in 1840, 29,261 ; to which may properly be added the in- 
 habitants of the " Neck" north of tiie city, but lying without its chartered 
 limits, which contains 11,876; these added to the city population make a 
 total of 41,137 inhabitants. Charleston is on a peninsula formed by the 
 confluence of Ashley and Cooper rivers, which unite immediately below 
 tlie city, and form a spacious and convenient harbor, communicating with 
 the ocean at Sullivan's Island, seven miles southeast of the city. The 
 city is defended by Fort Pinckney, two miles below, and Fort Johnson, 4 
 miles, and by Fort Moultrie on Sullivan's Island. The ground on which 
 the city is built is elevated eight or nine feet above the level of the harbor 
 at higli tide. The streets gener.illy run parallel to each other from east to 
 west, extending from river to river, and these are crossed by others, nearly 
 nt right angles. The houses are neatly built, many of them of brick, and 
 some of wood neatly painted, having piazzas extending to the roof, beau- 
 tifuUy ornamented with vines. Tlie houses in the suburbs have fine 
 gardens abounding in orange, peach, and other ornamental or useful trees, 
 and a profusion of vines and shrubbery. 
 
 The public buildings are — a city-hall, an exchange, a court-iiouse, jail, 
 custom-house, a state citadel, a guard-house, two arsenals, a college, a 
 medical college, an almshouse, an orphan asylum, a theatre, 7 banks, 26 
 churches, 16 academics, and 2 high schools. 
 
 The Charleston College, founded in 1795, has a president and four pro- 
 fessors or other instructors, 67 alumni, 50 students, and 3,000 volumes in 
 its libraries. The commencement is on the Tuesday after the fourth 
 Monday in Marctr. It has a fine edifice. The JMedicaJ College of the 
 State of Smith Carolina, founded in 1833, has 8 professors, and 158 
 students. The lectures commence on the second Monday in November. 
 It is a highly respectable institution. — The Guard-house is a fine edifice, 
 occupied by a military company of about 100 persons, some of them 
 mounted, who patrol the streets during the night. The Citadel, formerly 
 used for this piupose, is now a military school, under the patronage of 
 
i STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA. 145 
 
 the Btate. The Orphan Asylum accommodates 250 orphans and des- 
 titute children. The Literary and Philosophical Society has a fine col- 
 lection of objects in natural history. The Apprentices' Library contains 
 10,000 volumes, and sustains annually a course of scientific lectures. 
 The City Library contains about 18,000 volumes. Sullivan's Island, 7 
 miles below the city, and at the entrauce of the harbor, was the scene of 
 important military events during the war of the Revolution. The city 
 was founded in 1680, and chartered in 1783. Steamboats arrive from, 
 and depart daily for Wilmington, JV. C. ,• and there arc lines to Savan- 
 nah, Ga., and to St. Jiugustine, Fl. Cars arrive from, and devart daily 
 for Columbia ; for Mobile, via Augusta, Ga. ; Jitlanta ; West Point ; 
 and Montgomery, Ala. ; a7id for Memphis, Tenn., via Gunter's Landing, 
 and Florence. Stages leave for Georgetown, for Camden, and for Savannah. 
 
 The Eutaw Springs, 50 miles from Charleston, are more celebrated as 
 the scene of a fierce Revolutionary battle than for their medicinal prop- 
 erties. The water rises through a small opening in the earth, a few 
 inches in diameter, and immediately forms a basin a few feet deep and 
 about 300 feet around ; thence it percolates through a ridge of porous lime- 
 stone, and at a short distance bubbles up and forms the head of Eutaw creek. 
 
 Gkorgetown is situated on the right bank of the Great Pedee river, at 
 its entrance into Winyaw bay, 9 miles from the ocean and 152 from 
 Columbia. It contains a court-house, a bank, an academy, 4 churches, a 
 public library, and about 2,000 inhabitants. The neighborhood is the 
 scene of many of Marion's achievements ; and on North Island, the sum- 
 mer retreat of the city people. La Fayette landed on his first visit to this 
 country. Steamboats ply to Wihnington, JV. C, and to Charleston. 
 Stages leave for Chernic, and for Charleston. 
 
 Cheravv is beautifully situated on the right bank of the Great Pedee, 
 on a plain elevated 100 feet above the river, 03 miles from Columbia. 
 The river is navigable to this place for steamboats. It contains a town- 
 hall, a bank, 2 academies, 5 churches, and 1,000 inhabitants. Steamboats 
 ply to Georgctoion. Stages leave daily for Columbus, and for Raleigh. 
 
 Camden is handsomely situated on a plain, one mile from the east 
 bank of Wateree river, and 33 miles from Columbia. The river is 
 navigable for boats of 70 tons to the town. Camden contains an elegant 
 court-house, a city-hall, an academy, four 
 churches, a bank, a Masonic-hall, a public 
 library, and about 2,300 inhabitants. A bat- 
 tle was fought here Aug. 16, 1780, between 
 the armies under Gen. Gates and Lord Corn- 
 wallis; and another April 23d, 1781, between 
 Gen. Greene and Lord Rawdoii. On De 
 Kalb-street, opposite the Presbyterian Churcb, 
 
 is an elegant monument erected to the memory ^^^^S^P5^ '■^'^.<--^;^ 
 of Baron De Kalb, tbe corner-stone of which ^^^^wM^^vaSSghi^hfitS^t--- *" 
 was laid by La Fayette in 1825. Two miles west from C.imdcn is a large 
 Indian mound, supposed to mark the site of an ancient town of the 
 Catawbas. Stages leave daily for Culumbia ; for Cheraw; and for 
 Salisbury, JV. C. ; aiid twice a week for Charleston. 
 
 Chesterville is situated 57 miles from Columbia, on a lofty and 
 beautiful elevation, between Cutawba and Broad rivers. It contains a 
 court-house, an academy, and 500 inhabitants. From its commanding and 
 secure position, the town has been likened to a fortress of the baronial 
 days. Stages leave 3 times a locekfor Columbia ; and for Chnrlotte, JV. C. 
 
146 
 
 STATE OF GEORGIA, 
 
 Spartanburgh is situated on a branch of Brond river, and contains a 
 court-house, several churehes, an acadetny, and 1,000 inhabitants. Glenn 
 Sulphur Springs, twelve miles southeast from Spartanburgh, have a 
 high reputation for the cure of cutaneous affections, and are much fre- 
 quented. The waters of Cedar Spring are famous for their medicinal 
 (jualities, particularly in rheumatism, ulcers, and even in fever and ague.. 
 T/ic Pacolct Springs are also much resorted to, as are the JJmcstone 
 Springs, all of which are in Spartanburgh district ; and also the famous 
 battle ground of Cowpens. Stages leave '.i times a week fur Columbia; 
 fur Greenville ; and for Lincolnton, JST. C. 
 
 Greenville is beautifully situated on a gently undulating plain, 107 
 miles from ('olumbia. Reedy river runs beside it, and forms near it 
 eeveral beautiful cascades. The village is regularly laid out, and is re- 
 markably healthy. It has a handsome brick court-house, a library, sev- 
 eral houses of public worship, a male and female academy, and 1,500 in- 
 habitants. In the north part of the district are numerous picturesque 
 spurs of the Blue Ridge, cataracts, &c. Stages leave 3 times a week for 
 Culumbia ; fur .Augusta, Ga. ; for Knoxville, Tenn., via Ashvillc, JV. 
 C. : and ticice a week for Spartanburgh. 
 
 Beat'fort is situated at the head of Port Royal river, 75 miles from 
 Charleston. Its harbor is spacious and one of the best in the state ; it 
 has 3 cimrches, an academy, a library, and 1,600 inhabitants. Steamboats 
 ■ply to Charleston, and to Savannah, Ga. 
 
 _L0 . LR5. L LA P- GEORGIA lies between IH)'' 30' and :io^ iN. lat., and 
 
 J between 80° .'id' and 86*^ G'VV. Ion. from Greenwich, and 
 
 : '" Ixtwecn 3" .V/ and 8« 47' W. Ion. from Washington. 
 
 1 1 is 300 miles long from north to south, and 240 broad, 
 
 n.iitaining 58,000 square miles. Its population in 1840 
 
 wa- HI)], 392; in 1845, 774.325. 
 
 From the ocean for a distance of seven miles, there 
 is a chain of islands intersected by rivers, creeks, and 
 ^ --- — "= -. inlets, communicating with each other, and forming an 
 inland nnvigation for vessels of 100 tons burden, along the whole coast. 
 These islands consist of salt marsh, and land of a gray rich soil, which 
 produces sea-island cotton of a superior quality. The coaston the main 
 land for four or five miles is a salt marsh. Back of this there is a narrow 
 margin of land, nearly resembling that of the islands ; these are partially 
 or wholly overflowed at the return of the tide, and constitute the rice 
 plantations. Then commence the pine-barrens, which reach from GO to 90 
 miles from the coast. Beyond this is the country of sand-bills, 30 or 40 
 miles wide, interspersed with fertile tracts, and extending to the lower 
 falls of the rivers. The part of the state above the falls of the rivers ia 
 
STATE OF GEORGIA. 147 
 
 called the Upper Country, and has generally a strong and fertile soil, often 
 inclining to a red color, and furtlier inland it is mixed with a deep black 
 mould, producing cotton, tobacco, Indian corn, wheat, and other kinds of 
 gram. Black walnut and mulberry trees grow abundantly in this soil. 
 The forests produce oak, pine, hickory, and cedar. 
 
 The rivers are— the Savannaii, bOO miles long, bounding the state 
 on the jNE., navigable for ships 17 miles to Savannah, and a part of the 
 year for steamboats, 250 miles to Augusta; the Altamalm, which is 
 navigable for large vessels 12 miles to Darien, is formed by the junction 
 of the Oconee and the Ocmulgee, and is navigable for sloops of 30 tons, 
 by the former, to Dublin, 300 miles from the ocean; the Ogeechee, 200 
 miles long, and navigable for sloops 40 miles; Flint river, which rises 
 in the NW. part of the state, and after a course of more than 200 miles 
 joins the Chattahoochee, forming the Apalachicola ; the Chattahoochee 
 on the west border of the state, which is navigable 300 miles by steamboat 
 to Columbus ; the St. Mary's river, in the southwest part of the state, 
 rising in Oketinokee Swamp, and navigable 70 miles for vessels drawing 
 14 feet water. Okefinokee Swamp is about 180 miles in circumference, and 
 has in it several fertile islands. 
 
 The constitution of Georgia was first formed in 1777, and its present 
 one in 1793. The governor is elected by the people, and holds his office 
 two years. One senator is elected for each county. The representatives 
 are proportioned to the population, including three-fifths of the people of 
 color, but each county is entitled to at least one, and none to more than 
 four members. The General Assembly meets biennially in November, at 
 Milledgeville. All the free white male inhabitants, who shall have re- 
 sided within the county in which they vote, six months preceding the 
 election, and shall have paid taxes in the state for the year previous, have 
 the right of suffrage. The judges of the Superior Court are elected for 
 three years by the legislature, and the judges of the inferior courts and jus- 
 tices of the peace are elected annually by the people. 
 
 The colleges in this state are— the University of Georgia, at Athens; 
 Oglethorpe College, at Medwiiy ; Emory College, at Oxford; the Georgia 
 Female College, at Macon ; Mercer College, at Penfield ; Christ College, 
 at Montpelier ; and there are 180 academies and 630 common schools. 
 
 The first settlement in the state was made at Savannah, in 1733. In 
 convention, Georgia adopted the constitution of the United States, Jan. 
 2d, 1798, by a unanimous vote. 
 
 Savannah, the metropolis and the largest city in the state, is in 32« 4' 
 56" N. lat., and 81° 8' 18" W. Ion.. 90 miles from Charleston, 120 from 
 Augusta, and 158 from Milledgeville. Population in 1840, 11,214. It 
 is situated on the right bank of Savannah river, 17 miles from hs enliance 
 into the Atlantic. Owing to the safety of the channel"" ^^^^/M^M 
 entering the harbor, it is rendered one of the finest in. f^^^^^^ 
 the southern states. Vessels requiring 13 feet of water ■ ■ ^Mii^O 
 
 load at the wharves of the city. The plain on which r^?,, , ! -'{^?^(^^ 
 the city is built is elevated forty feet above the '"'^^''•^^^^^-^iip^^ 
 and is almost a perfect level, and the streets '^''°^'' ^^^f^f^^O^ 
 each other regularly at right angles. Eighteen public ^^^'\''^^^^^^- \ 
 squares are laid out, and are bordered with trees, par- ^^S^^^^KiiJ 
 ticularly the pride of India, which add much to ^hf- ^^^^^^^^t^ 
 beauty of the place. The houses are many of them fine S^S^^Sk^^ 
 buildings. The Pulaski Monument, a beautiful Doric obelisk, standing 
 in the centre of one of the public squares, was erected in 1825, to the 
 
148 STATE OF GEORGIA. 
 
 memories of Greene and Pulaski. It is built of white marble, and ia 
 53 feet in height. 
 
 The city contains a court-house, an exchange, an arsenal, a guard-house, 
 the United States barracks, a theatre, an asylum, a widows' asylum, 13 
 churciies, a market-house, an hospital, several fine banking-houses, 3 acad- 
 emies, a public library, an historical society, several charitable societies, and 
 a number of extensive mills and manufactories. It is a great cotton mart. 
 The city was founded in 1733, and incorporated in 1761. Sttaiuboats ply 
 to Charleston, and St. Augustine. Cars arrive from, and depart daily 
 for Atlanta via Macon, from whence a daily line of stages leaves for 
 Columbus : and for Augusta, taking stages at Brinsonville depot. 
 Stages leave twice a week for St. Augustine, FL, via Darien ; and for 
 Charleston, S. C. 
 
 MiLLEDGEViLLE, the Capital of the state, is situated on the right bank of 
 Oconee river, at the head of steamboat navigation, 158 miles from Sa- 
 vannah. Population 2,100. The city is built on uneven ground, with 
 streets running parallel with the river, and crossed by others at right 
 angles. The State-house stands on an eminence in a pubhc square, three- 
 fourths of a mile from the river ; it is a tasteful edifice of the Gothic 
 order of architecture. The Representatives Hall is 60 by 54 feet, and con- 
 tains full-length portraits of La Fayette and Gen. Oglethorpe ; the Senate- 
 chamber has portraits of Washington and Jefferson. The other public 
 buildings are, a governor's house, 3 churches, 3 banks, an academy, a 
 
 market-house, an arsenal, 
 and a magazine. Ogle- 
 thorpe College, founded in 
 1836, is situated in Med- 
 way village, near the city. 
 It has a president, 5 pro- 
 fessors or other instructors, 
 125 students, and 2.000 
 volumes in its libraries. 
 The commencement is on the Wednesday after the second Monday in No- 
 vember. Stages leave MUledgeville daily for Columbus via Macon; 
 for Augusta via Warrenton ; and for Savannah, (frum Emmet de- 
 pot by railroad ;} three times a week for Madison ; and also for Haio- 
 kinsvillc. 
 
 Augusta, is situated on the right bank of Savannah river, at the head 
 of steamboat navigation, 127 miles from Savannah. The city is regularly 
 laid out and handsomely built, cliiefly with brick, the streets being orna- 
 mented with trees, and many of the houses are spacious and elegant. It con- 
 tains a city-hall, court-house, a theatre, an hospital, a medical college, 
 a female asylum, an arsenal, 7 churcheS, 3 academies, and 6,500 in- 
 habitants. The Medical Cullege of Georgia, founded in 1830, has seven 
 professors, 115 students, and 124 graduates. The lectures commence on 
 the second Monday in November. Cars arrive from, and depart daily 
 for Atlanta ; from thence by stage and railroad to Montgomery, Ala. ; 
 {see route 387;) for Memphis, Tenn., via Atlanta, Gunter's Landing, 
 Ala. , and Tuscumbia. Stages leave daily for Savannah via Brinsonville ; 
 from thence in railroad cars to Savannah. 
 
 Athens, situated on the right bank of Oconee river, 75 miles from 
 Milledgeville, contains 4 churches and about 3,000 inhabitants. It is the 
 seat of the Georgia University, founded in 1785, which has a president, 
 6 professors, 515 alumni, 77 students, 19,000 volumes in its libraries, and 
 
STATE OF GEORGIA. 149 
 
 a very complete philosophical apparatus. The commencement is on the 
 first Wednesday in August. Cars arrive from, and depart daily for 
 Jiugusta. Stages leave 3 times a week for Covington ; for Oainesville ; 
 and for Clarkcsville via JMadison Springs. 
 
 The Madison Springs are twenty-five miles from Athens, on a branch 
 of Broad river. The waters are strongly impregnated with iron, and have 
 been found efficacious in many complaints. There is here a spacious 
 hotel with good accommodations. 
 
 Clarkesville, on the head waters of the Chattahoochee river, has a 
 court-house, two churches, an academy, and about 300 inhabitants. The 
 Tallulah Falls, a beautiful cascade, are within twelve miles of Clarkes- 
 ville ; and the surrounding scenery is exceedingly picturesque. Stages 
 leave 3 times a week for Mhens via Madison Springs ; for JIadisonville, 
 Tenn. ; and for Jlshville, J\r. C. 
 
 Dahlonega is in a very picturesque situation between the Chestatee 
 and Eiowah rivers. It has a court-house, a branch of the Mint of the 
 United States, and 300 inhabitants. Stages leave twice a week for jltkens 
 via Gainesville. 
 
 Rome is beautifully situated on the point formed by the junction of the 
 Etowah and Oostanaula rivers. It has a court-house, two churches, an 
 academy, and 400 inhabitants. In tiie vicinity of Rome are many arti- 
 ficial mounds and excavations, of which there is no authentic history or 
 tradition. Stages leave 3 times a week for Oainesville ; for Columbus ; 
 for Jlontgomery, Jlla. ; and for HuntsoilLe. 
 
 Macon lies at tiie head of steam navigation, on Ocmulgee river, built on both 
 sides of the stream, but chiefly on the riglit bank, the parts being connected 
 by a bridge 389 feet long. The streets are regularly laid out and very wide. 
 It has a large and handsome court-house, a market-house, two banks, five 
 churches, a college, 3 academies, and 4,000 inhabitants. A great amount 
 of cotton is shipped from this place. In ]8'22 there was but a single house 
 standing where the city is now built. The Georgia Female College, 
 chartered in 1836, opened on the 7th of Jan., 1839, has a president, four 
 professors, and several other teachers, and over 100 students. Tlie term 
 commences on the first Monday ni October, and continues ten months. 
 Cars arrice from, and depart daily for Savannah ; for Memphis via 
 Atlanta, Gunter's Landing, .^la., and Tuscumbia. Stages leave daily for 
 Augusta via Milledgeville ; and for Columbus ; three times a week 
 ftrr Madison ; and for Pensacola, FL, via Albany, Bainbridge, and Chat- 
 tahoochee, Fl. 
 
 The Indian Springs, the most fashionable watering-place in Georgia, 
 are situated on a small brancli of Ocmnlgee river, 52 miles from Milledge- 
 ville. The waters are sulphurous, and have been found efficacious in 
 rheumatic and cutaneous complaints. There are here ample accommoda. 
 tions for visitors. Stages leave daily fur Madison; and fur Columbus. 
 (See route 388.) 
 
 Columbus is situated on the left bank of Chattahoochee river, at the 
 head of steamboat navigation, 284 miles from Savannah. The city is 
 built on ground 60 feet above the ordinary height of the river, and 
 immediately below the falls, which are a succession of rapids, descending 
 111 feet within a few miles. Here are a court house, 4 banks, a market- 
 house, 5 churches, an academy, five schools, a number of mills and cotton 
 factories, and 4,000 inhabitants. Many of the public buildings are in a 
 style of superior elegance, and the prosperity and growth of the city are 
 remarkable. In the year 1827, it was the council-town of the Cowetas, an 
 
150 
 
 STATE OF FLORIDA. 
 
 Indian tribe. It has an extensive cotton trade, employing a large number 
 of steamboats. Stages arrive from, and depart daily for Savannah, 
 taking cars at Macon ; for Augusta via Indian Springs, and Madison ; 
 and for Montgomery, Ma., taking railroad cars at Chehaw. 
 
 La Grange is situated six miles east of tlie Chattahoochee rivwt 
 on a small stream, and J 21 miles from Milledgeville. The viUage 
 has a court-house, three churches, an academy, and 1,000 mhabitants. 
 Several lines of stages pass through daily for Atlanta ; and for Mont- 
 gomery, Ma. J or r 
 
 The White Sulphur Springs are nine miles from Greenville, and iH trom 
 Columbus. I'hese springs are situated in a very picturesque region, and 
 their waters are various, "the white sulphur, the strong and mild chaly 
 beate," &c. Stages arrive from, and depart for Columbus three times 
 a week ; and also for Greenville. 
 
 FLORIDA lit s b( t\\(en 2J« and 31° N lat , and be- 
 ^ iween eu- and e7° j5 W. Ion. It is 3e5 miles long, 
 and from 50 to 250 wide, containing 56,000 square 
 miles. Population in 1840, 54,477. 
 
 The face of the country is uneven ; but nowhere ele- 
 vated over 300 feet above the sea. The whole extent 
 of the coast is indented with bays and lagoons. A 
 large portion of the country is covered with pine 
 ■■^^.'f.Jr^^^r--^ forests, the trees of which, standing at a considerable 
 from each other, without brush or underwood, afford an oppor- 
 tunity for the grass and flowers to spread with luxuriance over the surface 
 of the earth during the whole year. The borders of the streams are 
 usually skirted by liammocks of hard timber, entangled with grape and 
 other vines. A large portion of Florida consists of what are usually 
 denominated " pine-barrens," and much of it is sterile, though there 
 are extensive tracts of table-land, hammock, and swamp, of the richest 
 soil, and well adapted to the cultivation of sugar, rice, cotton, Indian 
 corn, tobacco, and fruits. A considerable quantity of the pine-land 
 is equally rich, and even the barrens afford extensive ranges of graz- 
 ing-land, usually intersected with streams of pure water. Many parta 
 of the state abound in yellow. pine and live-oak timber. The seacoast 
 is generally healthy, and in many parts remarkably so ; and the in- 
 terior is e^iually healthy, unless it be in the neighborhood of extensive 
 marshes. 
 
 The peninsula, which is the southern portion of the state, presentB a 
 singular alternation of savannahs, hammocks, lagoons, &c., called col- 
 
STATE OF FLORIDA. 151 
 
 iCCtively the Everglades, which extend into the heart of the country for 
 200 mileo north of Uape Sable. Tliey are drained on the north by the St. 
 John's river, aiid on the west by JMacaco, or Cliarlolte river. 
 
 There are many bays on the western side of the peninsula, some of 
 which form good harbors. They are Perdido, Pensacola, Choctawhatchee, 
 St. Andrews, St. Joseph, Apalachicola, AppaJacliee, Tampa, Carlos, and 
 Gallivain's. On the east coast of the peninsula, the inlets afford harbors 
 for coasting vessels. The St. John's is the principal river on the eastern 
 coast. It often spreads from three to five miles in width, and at other 
 places it is not more than one-fourth of a mile wide. It is exceedingly 
 winding, and flows through a beautiful and healthy country. St. AJary's 
 river rises in Okefinokee Swamp, Georgia, and enters the Atlantic be- 
 tween Cumberland and Amelia Islands. Of the rivers which enter the 
 Gulf of Mexico, the Apalachicola is the principal. It is formed by the 
 junction of Chattahoochee and Flint rivers, about 100 miles from the Gulf 
 of Mexico. The Chattahoochee branch of this liver is navigable for 
 steamboats 280 miles to Columbus, Georgia. Tiie other principal rivers 
 are, Escambia, Suwanee, Witlilacoocliee, Oscilla, Ocklockony, and Choc- 
 tawhatchee. Perdido river forms the western boundary between Florida 
 and Alabama. It is navigable about seven miles above the bay, is a fine 
 mill-stream, and its banks are covered with superior yellow-pine timber. 
 There are in this state several streams of limpid water which sink into the 
 earth and disappear ; and several which rise suddenly from the earth ; 
 one in particular (the Wakulla) is navigable from its very source. There is 
 no college in this state. It has 20 academies, and 60 common schools. 
 
 By the constitution of the state, adopted in 1838, the governor is elected 
 for four years, and is ineligible for the succeeding four years. In case of 
 vacancy, the president of the senate, or after him the speaker of the house, 
 acts as governor. The General Assembly is chosen on the first Monday 
 of October, and meets on the first Monday in November of each year. 
 Senators are chosen for two years, and representatives for one year. 
 Judges of the Supreme Court and circuit courts are appointed by the 
 General Assembly, at first for five years, and after that term, during good 
 behavior. The right of suffrage belongs to every free white male aged 
 21 years or upwards, who has resided in the state for two years, and in the 
 county for six months, and who shall be enrolled in the militia, or be 
 by law exempted from serving therein. The state provides for a regis- 
 tration of qualified voters. JVo minister of the gospel, and no officer in a 
 bfwiking company, while he serves in the bank, nor for twelve months 
 afterwards, can be eligible for governor, senator, or repiesentative. 
 
 Florida was discovered by Sebastian Cabot, sailing under the English 
 flag, in 1497 ; but he did not land to examine the interior of the country. 
 Ponce deLeon, a Spanish adventurer from Hispaniola, to some extent ex- 
 plored the country in 1512, and a second time in 1516. In 1539 Hernando 
 de Soto, who had greatly distinguished himself under Pizarro in the con- 
 quest of Peru, sailed from Cuba and landed at Tampa bay, in Florida, 
 with an armed force, with which he overran the country, though his 
 iollowers were mostly cut off, and himself died. In 1562 the French at- 
 tempted to establish a colony in Florida, which occasioned contests be- 
 tween them and the Spaniards, in which the latter were finally victorious. 
 In 1763, Florida was ceded to Great Britain by Spain. The Spaniards re- 
 conquered it in 1781, and it was confirmed to tliem at the peace of 1783. 
 In 1819, Spain ceded it to the United States, and it was admitted into the 
 Union as a state in 1845. 
 
152 STATE OF FLORIDA. 
 
 Tallahassek. the capital of the state, is situated on a commanding 
 eminence, 210 miles from St. Augustine. A fine mill-stream, flowing from 
 several springs, runs along the east border of the town, and fulls sixteen 
 feet into a pool scooped out by its action ; and thence, after a siiort course, 
 it sinks into a cleft of limestone rock. The city contains a state-house, a 
 court-house, a market-house, a United States land-office, an academy. 
 Masonic-hall, three churches, and 1,800 inhabitants. It is regularly laid 
 out and has several public squares. Stages leave 3 times a week for Ht. 
 Augustine; and for Pensacola. 
 
 St. Augustine is situated on a peninsula, two miles from the ocean. 
 The ground on which the city is built is but twelve feet higher than the 
 sea. The houses are mostly embosomed in orange groves. The climate 
 is delightful; many winters pass without any frost, and the air may be 
 Baid to equal that of Italy or the south of France. In summer it is 
 tempered daily by the sea breezes, and the land breezes render the even- 
 ings cool and pleasant ; hence it is a favorite resort of invalids from the 
 north. Tlie city is in the form of a parallelogram, one mile long and 
 three-fourths of a mile wide, though not more than half of this extent is 
 compactly built. Matanzas Sound lies m front of it on the east, and, 
 sheltered by Anastasia Island, forms a capacious and safe luirbor. St, 
 Augustine is the oldest city in the United States, having been first settled 
 by the Spaniards in 15G4. Many of the streets are narrow and very 
 crooked. The old houses are srenprally two stories high, and mostly built 
 im Mataiizas river, and around it 
 have been erected a neat 
 - court-house, two churches, 
 " : ;iiul several elegant resi- 
 st nces. In the centre of the 
 square stands a monument, 
 dedicated to the constitution 
 ^=^ ISf' h^"^! j^Mlii ■">' tlie Spanish Cortez. The 
 f rJ^jf^l/JJM^i^fflml Jiarl>"r has nine feet of water 
 gs'^- ^ ^i.k -V "^^i^^^tt^ '*^^'' ''^6 ^''^'^ 'it its mouth, 
 iSAi.tV ^ ?^y'^:"'i:.^^^^^^^^ and is completely guarded 
 ■ ~ "'-^'^SJS" ijy Port Marion opposite its 
 entrance. The fort is bomb-proof, and intended to contain 1,000 men 
 and 70 pieces of cannon, but is at present only used as an arsenal and 
 prison. The city contains 4 churches, a United States land-office, ex- 
 tensive barracks, and 2,500 inhabitants. The citizens are composed of 
 Americans, Spaniards, French, &.c. Steamboats ply to Savannah and 
 Charleston. Stages leave 3 times a week for Tallahassee. 
 
 Jacksonville is beautifully situated on the left of St. John's river, 
 30 miles from the ocean, and 38 miles from St. Augustine. It has a court- 
 house, a church, a bank, an academy, and about 800 inhnbitants. Stages 
 leave twice a week for Darien, Ga., via St. Mary^s ; for St. Jiugustine ; 
 and for Tallahassee. 
 
 The White Svlphur Spring is 80 miles from Jacksonville and 120 from 
 Tallahassee. This spring, which is a great curiosity, rises in a basin 
 10 feet deep and 30 in diameter, discharges a great quantity of water, and 
 after a course of 100 feet enters the Suwanee river. It is so strongly im- 
 pregnated with sulphur that its waters may be distinguished for a con- 
 siderable distance from its entrance into the river. The waters have been 
 found highly beneficial in cases of consumption, rheumatism, dyspepsia, 
 liver complaints, &c. There are here a large hotel, several boarding- 
 
 of shell-stone. A fine squan 
 
 n|i 
 
 
 
 ^:^^--— .-—-=;= ==L-=E=^^;Es;=r-^-i 
 
 -: i. 
 
 ^ -TC-T— :^ _:^:r^c;;^=5^===Er-v 
 
 - {' 
 
 ■t^ 
 
STATE OF ALABAMA. 
 
 153 
 
 houses, and a fine bathing-house. Stages leave 3 times a week for 
 Tallahassee, and for Jacksonville. 
 
 Pensacola is situated on Pensacola bay, ten miles from the sea, on a 
 Bandy plain 40 feet above the water. It is regularly laid out, and has two 
 public SQuares, two churches, a court-house, market-house, a custom- 
 house, and 2,000 inhabitants. Eight utiles below the city is the United 
 States Navy Yard, covering 80 acres of ground, and enclosed by a high 
 brick wall. It contains houses for the officers, a naval store, and 
 other buildings for naval purposes. Stages leave three times a week fur 
 J[Iobile. Ma.; for Tallahassee ; and for Bainbridge, Ga. 
 
 Apalachicola is on the right bank of the Apalachicola river, at its en 
 trance into the Gulf of Mexico. It is a great cotton mart, and has u 
 court-house, two banks, several churches, and about 1,500 inhabitants. 
 Steamboats plj/ on the river to Columbus, Ga., and also to JVew Orleans. 
 
 ALABAMA lies between 30"^ 10' and 35« N. lat, 
 and between 8» and 11° 30' \V. Ion. from Washing- 
 ton. It IS 317 miles long from north to south, and 
 174 broad, and contains 46,000 square miles. Popu- 
 lation in 1840, 590,756. 
 The southern part of this state, which borders on 
 
 N, ' .J w the Gulf of Mexico for the space of 50 or 60 miles, is 
 
 '^J^jlJjj .y-^' ^ 'ow and level, and mostly covered with pines. In 
 '^ " ' the middle it is hilly, and interspersed with prairies; 
 
 in tlie north it is broken, and somewhat mountainous. The soil in the 
 southern part of the state is generally sandy and barren, but throughout a 
 large part it is excellent. In the northern and middle sections the 
 natural growth is post, black and white oak, hickory, poplar, cedar, ches- 
 nut, pine, mulberry, &c. The Alleghany Mountains terminate in the 
 northeast section of this state, sinking here to elevated hills. The climate 
 in the southern part, and in the vicinity of the bottom-lands on the 
 rivers, and near the Muscle Shoals in the Tennessee river, is unhealthy ; 
 but in the more elevated portions it is salubrious. The winters are mild, 
 the streams being rarely frozen, and the heat of summer is tempered by 
 refreshing breezes from the Gulf of Mexico. 
 
 Mobile river is the principal stream in the state. It is formed by the 
 union of the Tombigbee and the Alabama, 40 miles above the city of 
 Mobile. The Alabama is a large river, and is navigable for vessels draw- 
 ing six feet of water to Claiborne, 60 miles above its junction ; 150 miles 
 further to the mouth of the Cahawba, it has 4 or 5 feet of water ; and to 
 the junction of the Coosa and Tallapoosa, of which it is formed, it has m 
 shallowest places three feet of water. The Tombigbee is navigable for 
 
154 STATE OF ALABAMA. 
 
 Bchooners 120 miles to St. Stephens, and for steamboats to Columbus- 
 Miss. It is 450 miles long, and boatable for the greater part of its course* 
 The Black Warrior forms a large branch of it, and is navigable to Tusca- 
 loosa. The Chattahoochee forms a part of the eastern boundary of the 
 state, and the Tennessee runs tlirough the northern part. Alabama has 
 only 60 miles of seacoast. But this includes Mobile bay. which is 30 
 miles long and from 3 to 18 broad. 
 
 The constitution of this state was formed in 1819. The governor is 
 elected by the people for two years, but is eligible only four years in six. 
 The senators are elected for three years, and one-third are cliosen every 
 year. Their number cannot be more than one-third nor less than a fourth 
 of the number of the representatives. The representatives are elected 
 annually, and are apportioned among the counties in proportion to their 
 white population. They cannot be more than 100 nor less than 60 in 
 number. The representatives and one-third of the senators are elected 
 annually, on the first Monday in August, and the day following ; and the 
 governor is elected biennially, at the same time. The legislature meets 
 annually at Tuscaloosa, on the fourth Monday in October. The judiciary 
 consists of a supreme court, a circuit court, and such inferior courts as 
 the General Assembly may, from time to time, direct and establish. The 
 judges are elected every six years by the joint vote of both houses of 
 the General Assembly. The right of suftrage is possessed by every free 
 white male citizen 21 years of age, who has resided within the slate one 
 year next preceding an election, and the last three months within the 
 county, city, or town in which he offers his vote. 
 
 There are three colleges in this state, viz.: Tlie University of Alabama, 
 at Tuscaloosa; La Grange College, at La Grange; and Spring Hilt 
 College, at Spring Hill. There are in the state 120 academies and gram- 
 mar schools, and 650 common or primary schools. 
 
 Alabama was admitted into the Union as au independent state in 1820. 
 
 MoBii K, '-ituatcd on the right bank of Mobde river at its entrance into 
 Mobile b ly 10 inile» from the >ea and 164 from New Orleaii- is pleasantly 
 seared on an exiended piain, 15 leei aoove me highest udes, and has a 
 beautiful prospect of the buy, from which it receives refreshing breezes. 
 It contains a court-house, a United Slates Naval Hospital, city hospital, 3 
 banks, a theatre. Burton Academy, 7 churches, and about 13,000 in- 
 habitants. The city is supplied with excellent water brought in iron pipes 
 from Spring Hill, two miles distant, and distributed through the city. 
 Next to New Orleans, it is the largest cotton market in the Union. It ia 
 defended by Fort Morgan, situated on a low sandy point at the mouth of 
 the bay, opposite to Dauphin Island, and tiie harbor has a light-house. 
 Mobile was ceded by Spain to the United States in 1813. Spring Hill 
 College, at Spring Hill, two miles from the city, was incorporated in 1830 
 
STATE OF ALABAiMA. 
 
 155 
 
 It has a president and three professors, 70 students, and 4,000 volumes 
 in its libraries. Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for J\''ew 
 Orleans, {fare $5 ;) for Montgomery ; and for Columbus, Miss. 
 
 Montgomery, the capital of the state, is built on a high bluff, on the 
 left bank and at the head of steamboat navigation, on Alabama river, 338 
 miles from Mobile by the course of tlie river. It contains a court-house, 
 7 churches, two academies, and 2,230 inhabitants. The cotton shipped 
 from this place amounts to 40,000 bales annually. Tliis place has very 
 recently been made the capital of the state, and preparations are already 
 in progress for building an elegant state-house. Cars arrive from, and 
 depart daily for Charleston, S. C, via Augusta and Jitlarita. Steam- 
 boats arrive from, and depart daily for Mobile. Stages leave 3 times 
 a week for Columbus, Ga. ; for Rome, Oa. ; for Gunter's I^anding ; 
 and for Tuscaloosa. 
 
 Wetumpka, situated on the left bank of Coosa river, 15 miles from 
 Montgomery, contains 4 churches, an academy, the state prison, and 
 2,600 inhabitants. The Harrowgate Springs, in the soutli border of 
 the city, are much resorted to during tlie summer months. The waters 
 contain valuable mineral properties. (See route 423.) 
 
 EuFAULA is situated on the right bank of Chattahoochee river, 97 
 miles from Montgomery. It contains 2 cliurclies, several extensive ware- 
 liouses, and about 600 inhabitants. Steamboats ply to Columbus, Ga. ; 
 and also to Jlpalachicola. 
 
 Tuscaloosa is situated on the soutiicast side of Black Warrior river, at 
 the lower fulls, on an elevated plain at the head of steamboat navigation, 
 217 miles from Mobile. It was recently the capital of the state, and con- 
 tains a handsome state-house, a court-house, a United States Lnnd olHce, 
 4 churclies, a Masonic-hall, an academy, iiu antheneum for young Indies, 
 a lyceum, the Alabama Institute, and 2,000 iidiabitants. The -streets are 
 spacious, regularly laid out, and neatly built. The halls of the University 
 of Alabama ire i 
 mile from the tity 
 This institution 
 founded in IHJf^ 
 has a presid( nt 'J 
 professors or ol lit. I \ 
 instructors, n\tj 
 three alumni ()0 
 students, and 000 
 volumes in its li 
 braries. The conn 
 first Monday ni Ue 
 
 I lu iiiciil tike pint (11 tlu \\(dne>(hiy itltrthe 
 inbi r siii^ 1(01 r tint tmu n iiid foi Mo 
 bile; for Montgomery , jor Jlantbvdle Jo) I Uicumbia , and for Co- 
 lumbus, Mis'^ 
 
 Gainesville is situated on the right bank ot TomoigDee river, 283 
 miles from Mobile by the course of the river. It is a great cotton mart, 
 and has three churches, three academies, and about 200 inhabitants. 
 Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for Columbus, Miss., and for 
 Mobile. Stages leave three times a loeek for Columbus, Miss. ; for Jack- 
 son, Miss.; and for Mobile. 
 
 Demopolis is on the left bank of the Tombigbee river, immediately be- 
 low the entrance of the Black Warrior, and 220 miles from M(diile. It 
 contains a United States Land-ot!ice, three churches, two academies, and 
 1,000 inhabitant.-*. Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for Co- 
 
156 STATE OF ALABAMA. 
 
 lumbus, Miss., and for Mobile. Stages leave three times a week for 
 Tuscaloosa, and for Mobile. 
 
 St. Stephens is on the right bnnk of Tombigbee river, 100 miles above 
 Mobile. It is, next to Mobile, the oldest town in the state, and has a United 
 States. Land-office, two churches, an academy, and 1,000 inhabitants. 
 Stages leave 3 times a loeek for Mobile, and for Tuscaloosa. 
 
 Cahawba is situated on the right bank of the AInbama river, 240 miles 
 by water from Mobile. It was formerly the capital of the state. It now 
 contains a court-house, two churches, an academy, and 800 inhabitants. 
 Steamboats pnss daily for Mobile and for Montsomery. Stages leave 2 
 times a 2ceekfor Mobile; for Tuscaloosa ; and for Huntsville. 
 
 Selma, sixteen miles above Cahawba, and on the same side of the 
 river, has three churches, two academies, and about 1,000 inhabitants. 
 Stages leave 3 times a week for Montgomery ; for Tuscaloosa ; and for 
 Columbus, Miss. 
 
 Huntsville is situated 144 miles from Tuscaloosa, and 10 miles north 
 of Tennessee river. A copious spring comes out at the foot of a large 
 rock with a force sufficient to move a forcing pump, which raises water 
 for supplying the village with pure cool water. The village contains a 
 court-house of Grecian architecture, a bank, of hewn stone, with an Ionic 
 portico of costly and elegant workmanship, a neat market-house, a United 
 States Land-office, 5 churches, an academy, a seminary, and 2,500 in- 
 habitants. The houses are neat and tasteful, and many of them elegant. 
 Stages leave 3 times a week for Knoxville, Terni. ; for J^ashville ; for 
 Florence ; for Tuscaloosa; and for Montgomery. 
 
 Florence is situated on the right bank of Tennessee river, imme- 
 diately below the Muscle Shoals. When the water is not low, steam- 
 boats ascend to this place, and it has great advantages for trade. It was 
 laid out in 1818, on an elevated plain 100 feet above the river: the streets 
 are wide and handsome. It contains a court- house, a United States 
 Surveyor-general's office, 3 churches, two academies, and about 2,000 
 inhabitants. 
 
 TuscuMBiA is on the left bank of Tennessee river, four miles below 
 Florence, and 346 miles north from Mobile. It contains 3 churches, 4 
 seminaries, several manufacturing establishments, and 2,000 inhabitants. 
 A most extraordinary spring here flows from a large fissure in a limestone 
 rock, which discharges 20,000 cubic feet of water per minute. The in- 
 habitants are supplied with water from the spring. Steamboat, stage, and 
 railroad line to Charleston, S. C. ; three times a week via Gunter's 
 iMnding, Jltla.nta, Ga., and Jlugusta ; and stages for Memphis. 
 Stages arrive from, and depart daily for MaysviUe, Ky., via JSTashville, 
 Tenn. ; and for Vicksburg, Miss., via Columbus and Jnckson. 
 
 La Grange College is sixteen miles southeast from Tuscumbia. This 
 institution was founded in 1831, and is under the direction of the Metho- 
 dists : it has a president, 3 professors, 50 alumni, 106 students, and 2,200 
 volumes in its libraries. 
 
 Athens is situated on a small branch of Tennessee river, 25 miles west 
 from Huntsville, and has a court house, 2 churches, an academy, and 500 
 inhabitants. There are white sulphur and chalybeate springs 7 miles 
 north of the village, which are much frequented. Stages leave 3 times a 
 week for Huntsville and for Tuscumbia. 
 
STATE OF MiySlSKIlM'I. 
 
 157 
 
 Ml^SIS>>ri'I'I I- MttiitMl liffuMn ^0« Uy mid 
 33° i\ Uit , 111(1 bctwcLii KW H) iiHl8l''35 VV Ion 
 It is 339 miles long from north to south, and 150 
 broad. Population in 1840, 375,651. 
 
 The southern part of the state for about 100 miles 
 from the Gulf of Mexico is mostly a sandy, level 
 pine forest, interspersed with cypress swamps, open 
 -^^2l: prairies, and inundated marshes, and a few hills of a 
 
 s!~75=^"^ moderate elevation. This region is generally healthy, 
 
 and by cultivation produces cotton, Indian corn, sugar, indigo, &c. As 
 you proceed further north, the country becomes more elevated and agreeably 
 diversified, and the soil is a deep rich mould, producing abundantly cot- 
 ton, Indian corn, sweet potatoes, indigo, peaches, melons, and grapes. 
 The natural growtii of timber consists of poplar, hickory, black-walnut, 
 sugar-maple, cotton-wood, magnolia, lime, and sassafras. Tiie country 
 in the north part of the state is healthy and productive ; and the lands 
 watered by the Yazoo, through its whole course in the northwest, are 
 very fertile. The Mississippi river, with its various windings, forms the 
 entire western boundary of the state; and its margin consists of inunda- 
 ted swamps covered with a large growth of timber. Back of this, the 
 Burface suddenly rises into what are called bluflFs ; and behind them the 
 country is a moderately elevated table-land with a diversified surface. 
 Cotton is the principal production of this state. The Yazoo is the 
 largest river that has its whole course in the state. It rises in the NW. 
 part, and after a course of 250 miles enters the Mississippi. The Pas- 
 cagoula river, after a course of 250 miles, enters the Gulf of Mexico. 
 At its mouth it widens into a bay. It is navigable for a considerable dis- 
 tance for small vessels. The Big Black river, after a course of '200 
 miles, enters the Mississippi just above Grand Gulf. It has a boat naviga- 
 tion of 50 miles. Pearl river rises in the central part of the state, and 
 passing through it to the south, forming in its lower part the boundary 
 between this state and Louisiana, enters Lake Borgne. Its navigation ia 
 much impeded by sand-bars and obstructions of timber. The Homochitto 
 is a considerable river which enters the Mississippi. Besides these, there 
 are a few other small rivers and creeks. A chain of low sandy islands, 6 
 or 7 miles from the shore, enclose several bays or sounds, the largest of 
 which are Pascagoula Sound and Lake Borgne. 
 
 The original constitution of this state was formed in 1817, and the 
 present in 1832. The governor is elected by the people for a term of two 
 years, and cannot hold the office more than four years out of six; and in 
 case of his death, resignation, or other inability, it is provided that the 
 president of the senate shall perform the duties of governor, until another 
 Bhall be duly qualified. The seiiiitors are elected for four years, one-half 
 
158 STATE OF MISSISSIPPI. 
 
 of the number being chosen biennially. They cannot be less than one- 
 fourth, nor more than one-third of the whole number of the representa- 
 tives. The representatives are elected biennially, on the first Monday and 
 day following in November, and each county is entitled to one member. 
 The legislature meets biennially at Jackson, on the third Monday in No- 
 vember. Every free white male citizen of the United States, 21 years of 
 age, and who has resided in the state one year next preceding the election, 
 and four months in the county, city, or town in which he oifers his vote, is 
 deemed a qualified voter. 
 
 The High Court of Errors and Appeals consists of three judges, elected 
 for a term of six years, one of whom is chosen biennially. 
 
 There are four colleges in this state, viz. : Jefferson College, at Wash- 
 ington ; Centenary College, at Jackson ; Oakland College, near Rodney ; 
 and Mississippi College, at Clinton. There are 80 academies and 400 
 schools. 
 
 In 1716 the French formed a settlement where the city of Natchez 
 now stands. This colony was afterwards destroyed by the Indians 
 in the vicinity. In 176!} the territory was ceded to Great Britain. In 
 1817 it was admitted into the Union as an independent state. 
 
 Jackson, the capital of the state, is situated on the left bank of Pearl 
 river, which is navigable to this place for small craft. It is built on a 
 plain, a quarter of a mile from the river, is regularly laid out, and con- 
 tains an elegant state-house, the governor's house, the state peniten- 
 tiary, a United States Land-office, two churches, the buildings of Cen- 
 tenary College, and 2,500 inhabitants. Centenary College, founded in 
 1841, has a president, 5 professors, and 170 students. Cars arrine from, 
 and depart daily for Vicksburs. Stages leave for J^ashville, Tcnn., via 
 Columbus and Florence, Ma. ; and for Gainesville : and 3 times a week 
 for jYatchez. 
 
 Natchez is situated on the left hank of the Mississippi river, 301 miles 
 from New Orleans by the course of the river. A part of the city is built 
 on the margin of the river, but mostly on a bluff elevated 150 feet above 
 the water. The ground is somewhat uneven, but the streets are regularly 
 laid out. The houses are mostly of wood, many of them elegant, and 
 surrounded with gardens stored with fruit and finely ornamented with shrub- 
 bery. It has a court-house, four churches, three banks, an academy, a 
 female seminary, a theatre. Masonic-hall, an hospital, orphan asylum, and 
 5,000 inhabitants. The country around contains fine cotton-lands, and the 
 place is a great cotton mart, with an extensive and increasing trade. 
 Three miles from the city is a race-course. Natchez was formerly the 
 residence of the Great Sun, or principal chief of the JYatchez, with whose 
 permission the French built Fort Rosalie here in 1716. The Indians sur- 
 prised and murdered the garrison, and nearly all the persons in the village, 
 in the year 1729. Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for J^cw 
 Orleans, Cincinnati, St. I^onis, Src Stages leave three times a week 
 for Jackson and for St. Francisvillc, J^a. (See route 620.) 
 
 Grand Gulf is situated on the left bank of the Mississippi river, 
 352 miles above New Orleans by the course of the river. It is on 
 a remarkable bend of the river, locally known as the Grand Gulf, and 
 has a town-hall, hospital, a theatre, two churches, a cotton press, and 
 1,000 inhabitants. Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for JVew 
 Orleans, <S-r. (See route 620.) 
 
 Washington, six miles east from Natchez, is pleasantly situated on a 
 moderately elevated site, and consists chiefly of some 30 or 40 detached 
 
STATE OF MrSSISSIPPI. 
 
 159 
 
 private residences, embosomed in the rich evergreen slirubbery of the 
 south. It contains two neat churclies and the buildings of Washington 
 College, estiibh^hed here in 
 
 ] 802, and endowtd by ('(ui- t- ~:i -^^ 
 
 gress with a gnnt ot lin' 
 The college building-, w | 
 are of brick, contain i n 
 brary of 1,000 volume^ u 
 chemical appiiratu-, a geo- 
 logical cabinet, and a colicc J.^ 
 tion of Indian antifimtics. 
 gether with the f(jssil roniaiiis '^'^^^^^^^^ 
 of a mastodon, and otiier turiou 
 the college are about litty acie» ot ground, ont-lialt ot winch rtmaius m 
 its original forest state. The location is healthy, and the vicinity has 
 many fine springs of water, one of which, called Ellicott's Spring, is 
 ■within the college grounds. 
 
 Port Gibson is prettily situated on Bayou Pierre, 25 miles by the 
 course of the stream from the Mississippi, and only eight from it at 
 Grand Gulf. It contains a court-house, 3 churches, an academy, and 500 
 inhabitants. 
 
 VicKSBURG is on the left bank of the Mississippi r., 513 miles from New 
 Orleans by the river. Though of recent origin, it has become a large and 
 flourishing place. It contains a court-house, 5 churches, 3 academies, a 
 theatre, and 4,000 inhabitants. The town is situated on the shelving de- 
 clivity of high hills, and the houses are scattered in groups on the terraces. 
 The Walnut Hills are just above the town. The country around is very 
 fertile. Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for J^Tcw Orleans, St. 
 Louis, Cincinnati, i$'C. {See routes 6^0 and 621.) Cars in connection 
 with stages run to JMaysville, Ky-, via Jackson, Columbus, Tuscumbia, 
 Ma., Kashville, Tcnn., and Lexington, Ky. 
 
 Yazoo City, situated on the left bank of Yazoo river, 493 miles from 
 New Orleans, has several extensive warehouses and 700 inhabitants. 
 Steamboats ply to JVew Orleans. Stages leave 3 times a week for Holly 
 Springs. 
 
 Holly Springs is situated on a high ridge at the head sources of 
 Yazoo river, and is surrounded by a delightful and fertile region. The 
 village contains a court-house, an academy, 3 churches, and about 1,500 
 inhabitants. Stages leave daily for JMnnphis, Tenn. ; 3 times a week for 
 La Grange ; for Tuscumbia, Ma. ; for Columbus ; for Jackson ; for 
 Yazoo City ; and for Commerce. 
 
 Columbus is situated on the left bank of theTombigbee, 120 feet above 
 the river, at the head of ordinary steam navigation, 141 miles from Jack- 
 eon. It contains a court-house, two banks, an academy, a female semi- 
 nary, a theatre, a United States Land-office, a market-house, 5 churches, 
 and 4,000 inhabitants. A fine bridge here crosses theTombigbee. Steam- 
 boats ply to Mobile. Stages leave daily for f^icksburg via Jackson ; for 
 J^ashville, Tenn., via Tuscumbia ; and 3 times a week for Meviphis via 
 Pontotoc and Holly Springs. 
 
160 
 
 STATE OF LOUISIANA. 
 
 LOUIgIA^A lieb between 29'^ and 32^ N- lat. 
 is 240 miles long from north to south and 210 
 broad, containing 45,350 square miles. Population in 
 1840, 352,411. 
 
 Below the moutli of Red river, the Mississippi di- 
 vides into several branches or outlets, which, diverging 
 from each other, slowly wend their way lo the Gulf 
 of Mexico, and divide the southwestern part of the 
 state into a number of large islands. The western of 
 these outlets is the Atchafaluya, which leaves the main stream at the 
 mouth of Red river, and inclining eastward, flows into Atciinfaiayn bay 
 in the Gulf of Mexico. About 128 miles below the Atchafalaya is the 
 outlet of Plaquemine, the main stream of wliich unites with the Atcha- 
 falaya; but other portions of it intersect the country in ditrerent directions. 
 Thirty-on« miles below the Plaquemine, and 82 above New Orleans, is the 
 outlet of La Fourclie, which communicates with the dulf of Mexico by 
 tv/o mouths. Below the La Fourche numerous other small streams 
 branch otf from the river at various points. On the east side of the 
 Mississippi the principal outlet is the Iberville, which communicates with 
 the Gulf of Mexico through lakes Maurepas, Pontchartrain, and Borgne. 
 The whole territory between tlie Atchafalaya on the west, and the Iber- 
 ville, &c., on the east, is called the Delta of the Mississippi, from its 
 resemblance in shape to the Greek letter of that name. A large extent of 
 country in this state is annually overflowed. 
 
 The alluvial margin along the Mississippi has a breadth of from one to 
 two miles, and is of great fertility. To prevent the river from inundating 
 the valuable tracts in the rear, an artificial embankment has been raised 
 on the margin of the river, called the Levee. On the east side of tiie 
 river this embankment commences about forty miles below New Orleans, 
 and extends up the river for a distance of 160 miles. On the west side it 
 continues with little interruption to the Arknnsas line. Along this portion 
 of the river there are many beautiful and finely cultivated plantations, 
 and a continued succession of pleasant residences. The suuthwestern 
 pnrt of the state consists of sea marsh, on the margin of the Gulf, but 
 farther inland, of extensive and fertile prairies, which contain many flourish- 
 ing settlements. This country is elevated from ten to fifty feet above high 
 tide. The country between the Mississippi, Iberville, and Pearl rivers, in 
 its southern parts, is generally level, and higiily productive in cotton, 
 sugar, corn, rice, and indigo. The northern part has an undulating sur- 
 face, and a heavy natural growth of white, red, and yellow oak, hickory, 
 black-walnut, sassafras, magnolia, and poplar. In the northwestern part, 
 the Red river, after entering the state by a single channel, and flowing 
 iibout thirty mile>-, spreads out into a number of channels, forming many 
 
STATE OF LOUISIANA. 161: 
 
 lakes, islands, and swamps, over a space of 50 miles long and 6 broad. 
 The bottoms on the river are from one to ten miles wide, and very fertile. 
 The timber on these is willow, cotton-wood, honey-locust, pawpaw, and 
 buckeye; on the rich uplands, elm, asii, hickory, mulberry, biack-wulnut, 
 with a profusion of grape-vines. On the less fertile und siindy uplands 
 of the state are white, pitch, and yellow-pines, and various kinds of oak. 
 
 The Mississippi river forms the boundary of the state for a considerable 
 distiince, and in its lower part runs wholly in this state, where it enters the 
 Gulf of Mexico by several passes. It is navigable for vessels of the 
 largest size. Red river enters the state near the northwest corner, and 
 passes through in a southeast direction, discharging a vast amount of 
 water into the Mississippi, 236 miles above New Orleans. The Washita 
 runs in a south direction in the north part of the state, and enters Red 
 river a little above its entrance into the Mississippi. Bayou La Fourche 
 and Atchafalaya are large outlets of the Mississippi. The other rivera 
 are the Black, Tensaw, Sabine, Calcasieu, Mermanteau, Vermilion, Teche, 
 Pearl, Amite, Iberville, &c. 
 
 The country was first explored by the French, and received its name in 
 1682 from La Salic, in honor of Louis XIV. A settlement was attempted 
 in 1684, but failed. In 1699, a more successful attempt was n)ade by M. 
 Iberville, who entered the Mississippi and founded a colony. His eftorts 
 were followed up by M. Crozat, a man of wealth, who held the exclusive 
 trade of the country for a number of years. About the year 1717, he 
 transferred his interest in the province to a chartered company, at the head 
 of which was the notorious John L;iw, whose national bank and Mis- 
 sissippi speculation involved the ruin of half of the French nobility. In 
 1731 the company resigned the concern to the crown, who in 1762 ceded 
 the whole of Louisiana to Spain. In 1800 Spain reconveyed the province 
 to the French, of whom it was purchased by the United States in 1803. 
 
 The governor and lieutenant-governor are elected for 4 years. Represen- 
 tatives are chosen tor 2 years, ajd senators for 4 years, one-half being 
 chosen biennially. Tlie judicial power is vested in a supreme court, dis- 
 trict courts, and in justices of the peace. Judges of the Supreme Court 
 are appointed by the governor, and hold their otfices for 8 years. The 
 legislature meets biennially. Every free white male, who has been two 
 years a citizen of the United States, and attained the age of 21 years, and 
 has resided in the state two years next preceding the election, and the last 
 year in the parish in which he otlers his vote, has the right of sutlrage. 
 
 The literary institutions in this state are — the Louisiana College ; JeflFer- 
 8on College; St. Charles College; Baton Rouge College; Franklin Col- 
 tege ; Mandeville College ; and the University of Louisiana. There are 
 60 academies and 200 common schools. 
 
 Baton Rouoe, the capital of the state, is on the left bank of the 
 Mississippi, 140 miles above New Orleans. It is mostly built on a plain 
 from 25 to 30 feet above hi-gli water, the business portion being on the 
 street along the river at the foot of the bluff. The town contains a court- 
 house, three banks, the State Penitentiary, United States Land-office, 
 four churches, a college, an academy, and 2,500 inhabitants. Baton 
 Rouge College, founded in 1838, has a president, four professors, and 
 45 students, and 1,000 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is in 
 December. The United States Barracks are on the river bank just above 
 the town, and are surrounded by highly ornamented grounds. Steamboats 
 leave daily for JSTew Orleans, Vicksburg, Sfc. Ji line of stages runs to 
 JV«o Orleans, aiui also to St. Franciscille. 
 
162 STATE OF LOUISTAXA. 
 
 3£ftS^':cil^'^ 
 
 Nlw Orlkvns i^ "iitudted on tlie left bank ot the Mississippi ri\er, 105 
 miles Irom it^ eiitr itice into tlie Gult ot Mt-xico, in l.ititude 2M'^ 57' 30" 
 1N( , and ')0° 8' VV Ion from Greuiwidi. Population m 18-40, 102,193. 
 The city is built on ground descending gently from the river towards Lake 
 Pontchartrain in the rear ; so that when the Mississippi is full, the streets 
 are three or four feet below the surface of the river. To prevent inunda- 
 tion, an embankment four feet high and fifteen feet wide has been con- 
 structed, called the Levee, extending from Fort Plaquemine, 43 miles 
 below the city, to Baton Rouge, 120 miles above it. The position of New 
 Orleans as a commercial emporium is unrivalled ; the Mississippi and its 
 numerous tributaries, — embracing in their course at the south the region 
 yielding sugar, cotton, and tropical productions, and northwardly the 
 great agricultural and mineral riches of the vast Mississippi valley, — bring 
 to it, with their fleets of steamboats, an immense trade in these great staples. 
 
 The city proper is a parallelogram, extending 1,320 yards on the river; 
 but its whole length, including the incorporated fauxbourgs, is not less 
 than five miles parallel with the river ; and it extends in breadth from one- 
 fourth to three-fourths of a mile, and to the Bayou St. John, two miles. 
 The houses are mostly of brick, and many of the residences in the 
 suburbs are ornamented with orange-trees and gardens. The view of the 
 city from the river is beautiful. On entering the central or lower part of 
 it, the stranger finds it diflicult to believe it an American city. The popu- 
 lation is nearly equally made up of Americans, French, Creoles, and 
 Spaniards. In the business season, from November to July, the river in 
 front of the Leoef, in its whole extent, is crowded with vessels of all 
 sizes, and from all quarters of the world ; with hundreds of large and 
 splendid steamboats, barges, flat-boats, &c. 
 
 The public buildings are : the State-house— a plain structure, formerly 
 the Chnrity Hospital — the Court-house, the City Hall, and the United 
 States Branch Mint, which is an edifice of the Ionic order of architecture, 
 282 feet long and 168 deep. Merchants' Exchange, Commercial Ex- 
 change, City Exchange, 14 churches, some of which are elegant build- 
 ings, four orphan asylums, G charitable assiiciations, a charity hospital, a 
 Maison de Sante, two infirmaries, two reading-rooms, three theatres, a 
 circus, an armory, several extensive cotton presses, 7 banks, 3 convents, 
 and several large and elegant hotels. 
 
 By authority of the state, the University of Louisiana is to be estab- 
 lished in New Orleans, and to consist of four faculties, viz., law. med 
 icine, the natural sciences, and belles lettres ; the Medical College of 
 Jjouisiana, as now organized, is to constitute the faculty of medicine. 
 This institution was founded in 1835, and has a fine building on tlie corner 
 of Common and Philippa streets ; it lias seven professors and 30 students. 
 
STATE OF LOUISIANA. 168 
 
 ■Lectures commence on tlie third IMonday in November. Mandeville Col- 
 lege is on the north side of Luke Pontciiartrain, 35 miles from the city. 
 It has a president and 6 professors. Tlie National Gallery of Paintings 
 has some fine pictures. The United States Marine Hospital is at 
 McDonough, on the opposite side of the river. The Cypress Grove Cem- 
 etery, four miles from the centre of the city, is tastefully laid out: there 
 arc 3 others, 2 Roman Catholic and one Protestant. 
 
 Ne«- Orleans, from its shape, is often called the Crescent City, as those 
 streets which follow the river make a curve somewhat in the form of a 
 crescent. The vicmity aftbrds the traveller many objects of interest. 
 The road to CarroUton, six miles distant, is through delightful scenery ; 
 and the Shell Road affords an agreeable ride to Lake Pontciiartrain, 
 distant six miles ; there is also a railroad to the lake. There are several 
 other points of interest, and among them the battle-ground, six miles be- 
 low the city, where the American army under Gen. Jackson gained a signal 
 victory over a force of 8,000 British, killing in little more than an 
 hour 2,0U0of the enemy, with the loss of only 7 killed and 6 wounded. 
 
 Fares from JSTrw Orleans on steamboat routes : — To Natchez, $4 to G 
 caJ)in, and $1 to'l deck ; to Vicksburg, $7 to 10— $2 to 3 deck; to Mem- 
 phis, $8 to 10 — $'2 to 3 deck ; to Louisville or Cincinnati, $1'2 to 20 — $2 to 
 3 deck ; to Pittsburg, $12 tu 20— $i2 to 3 deck. To St. Louis, $12 to 15— 
 $2 to 3 deck. To Nashville, $15-$3 deck. To Little Rock, $12— iga 
 deck. To Alexandria, $i to 6— $1 to 2 deck : to Natchitoches, $7 to 10— 
 ^2 to 2 deck; to Shrevesport, $8 to l-i—$-l to 3 deck : from Shrevesport, 
 to Fort Towson, $15. From New Orleans, to Plaqiiemine, $2 ; to St. 
 Martinsville, (175 miles,) $6 to 8-, to Opeloasas, (217 miles,) $6. 
 To Mobile, $5 to 8. To Galveston, $15 cabin, $8 steerage, and $4 deck. 
 
 Jackson is situated on Thompson's creek, 12 miles from St. Francis- 
 ville. It is the seat of Louisiana College, founded in 1825, which has a 
 president, eight professors or other instructors, 109 students, and about 
 !2,000 volumes in its libraries. The conmiencement is on the first Wednes- 
 day in June. The village has 2 churches, 3 academies, and 1,000 inhabitants. 
 
 St. Francisville is on the left bank of tlie Mississippi river, 176 
 miles from New Orleans. It contains a court-house, a church, an acad- 
 emy, several extensive warehouses, and 1,000 inhabitants. It is a great 
 cotton mart. Curs leave daily for Woodville— statues from thence to 
 J^atchez ; also 3 times a week for Libertii, Miss. , via .Jackson and Clinton. 
 
 DoNALDSONViLLE. formerly the capital of the state, is situated on the 
 right bank of the Mississippi river, just below the outlet of La Fourche. 
 It has a court-house, an arsenal, a church, 4 academies, a United States 
 Land-office, and 1,000 inhabitants. 
 
 Opklousas is near the head of Vermilion river, 217 miles from New 
 Orleans, and is surrouniled by a level and pleasant country. Franklin 
 College, founded in 1830, and located here, has a president, 3 professors 
 or other instructors, and 70 students ; the commencement is on tlie first of 
 November. The village contains a court-house, a United States Land- 
 office, two banks, two churches, and about 2,000 inhabitants. Steam- 
 boats ply to JSTew Orleans. The lower route to Houston, Texas, via 
 Balliew Ferry, on. the Sabine, is from this place. 
 
 Grand Coteac is pleasantly situated in the midst of small elevated 
 prairies, seven miles from Opelousas, and has a Catholic chapel and some 
 20 or 30 dwellings. Here is St. Charles College, under the direction of 
 the Jesuits, which has a president, ten professors, and 70 students. The 
 Convent or " Academy of the Sacred Heart," is near the village. 
 
164 
 
 STATE OF TEXAS. 
 
 Alexandria lies on Red river, a little below the lower rapids, 320 
 miles by tlie course of the river from New Orleans. It contains a 
 court-house, two churches, and about 500 inhabitants. Steamboats ply to 
 JVew Orleans. 
 
 Natchitoches is situated on the left bank of Red river, 414 miles from 
 New Orleans by steamboat, and 178 miles from the junction witli the 
 Mississippi river. The village stands at the foot of a bluff, and contains 
 a court-house, a United States Land-office, 3 churches, 3 academies, and 
 about 2,000 inhabitants. It has considerable trade. It was first settled by 
 tlie French in 1717, and half of its inhabitants are of French descent. 
 Stenmboats arrive from, and depart daily for J^Tew Orleans. The upper 
 route through Texas to the Rio Grande is from this place, via Gaines 
 Ferry, St. Jlugustinc, Tex., J^Tacogdoches, Rubbins Ferry, Bastrop, and 
 San ..Antonio. 
 
 Shreveport, on the left bank of Red river, 500 miles from New 
 Orleans, contains a court-house, a church, and about 500 inhabitants. 
 Steamboats ply to JK'ew Orleans, to Fulton, Fort Towson, and to Fort 
 Washita, (450 miles.) 
 
 ^-^-^^ 
 
 Tl< \ X"^ the southernmost state in the Union ix 
 Mtunted b(t\%Len 2b'^ and 40° N. ht., ind between ')4" 
 ' and 107" W. Ion. from Greenwich, and contains 324,018 
 square miles, and 200,000 inhabitants. 
 
 The general aspect of the country is that of a vast 
 inclined plane, gradually sloping from the mountains 
 eastward to the sea, and traversed by numerous rivers, 
 all having a southeast direction. It may be naturally 
 divided into three regions: The first, which is level, 
 extends along the coast with a breadth varying from 
 100 to 30 miles, being narrowest at the southwest. The soil of this region 
 is principally a rich alluvion, with scarcely a stone, and singularly free 
 from stagnant swamps. Broad woodlands fringe the banks of the rivers, 
 between which are extensive and rich pasture-lands. The second di- 
 vision, the largest of the three, is the undulating prairie region, which ex- 
 tends for 150 or 200 miles further inland, its wide grassy tracts alternating 
 with others that are thickly timbered. Limestone and sandstone form 
 the common substrata of this section. The third, or mountainous region, 
 situated principally on the west and southwest, forming part of the Sierra 
 Madre, or Mexican Alps, is but little explored. At its remote extremity, 
 it consists of an elevated table-land, resembling the vast steppes of Asia, 
 except in their superior fertility. The mountain sides are clothed with 
 forests, and there are few if any districts of country of the same extent us 
 Texas with so little unproductive land. 
 
STATE OF TEXAS. 165 
 
 The principal rivers in the state are tlie Sabine, Neches, Trinidad, Brazos 
 de Dios, Colorado, Guadaloupe, San Antonio, Nueces, and the Rio 
 Grande. The Neches is navigable lor small steamboats for more than 100 
 miles, Trinidad river for three or four hundred miles, and the Brazos lor 
 half that distance. The Rio Colorado is (»bstructed by a raft ten miles 
 from its mouth ; it will, when removed, be navigable for steamboats i!00 
 miles to Austin City. The San Antonio and Nueces are navigable for 
 only short distances ; but the Rio Grande del Norte, a noble stream, having 
 a course of 1,800 miles, will most probably, though in parts broken by 
 rapids, become hereafter an important commercial channel. Galveston 
 bay, into which the Trinidad flows, is about 35 miles in length, and from 
 12 to 18 miles wide. — The Gulf of Me.\ico bounds its southeastern border, 
 on which are many bays and some good harbors. 
 
 The Te.ifan year is tlivided into a wet and dry season. The former lasts 
 from December to March ; and the latter from March to December. Snow 
 is seldom seen, e.xcept on the mountains. The country is in most parts 
 covered with a luxuriant native grass, and it is amply supplied with 
 timber, among which are the live-oak, white, black, and post oak, 
 hickory, walnut, sycamore, caoutchouc, &;c., and on the high lands pine 
 and cedar. The '' Cross Timbers" are two lines of continuous forests of 
 great extent. — Cotton iuid the sugar-cane are the great agricultural staples, 
 both of which attain to the greatest perfection. The grains chiefly culti- 
 vated are Indian corn and wheat. Peaches, melons, figs, oranges, lemons, 
 pine-apples, dates, olives, grapes, &;c., grow abundantly. Great numbers 
 of cattle and horses are reared, and vast herds of buffaloes and wild horses 
 wander over the prairies, while deer and game are abundant. — Among its 
 minerals are coal of a superior quality, iron ore, limestone, granite, slate, 
 gypsum, &c. Silver mines have been wrought in the mountains, and 
 bitumen and salt are abundant. 
 
 The principal literary institutions of the state are the University of San 
 Augustine, at St. Augustine ; VVesleyan College, do. ; Rutersville College, 
 at Rutersville; University of Nacogdoches, at Nacogdoches; University 
 of Matagorda ; University of Galveston ; University of De Kalb ; Trinity 
 College ; Guadaloupe College, at Gonzales ; and a college at Marshafl. 
 Only the first four have gone into operation. 
 
 The governor is elected by the people for two years, but is eligible only 
 four years in six. He must be 32 years of age, and have resided in the 
 state three years previous to his election. The lieutenant-governor is 
 chosen in like manner and for the same time, and must possess the like 
 qualifications. He is president of the senate, and in cose of the death, 
 absence, or inability of the governor, exercises the duties of that oflice. 
 The judicial power of the state is vested in one supreme court, district 
 courts, and such inferior courts as the legislature shall appoint. Judges 
 of the Supreme Court iire appointed by the governor, with the advice of 
 the senate, and hold ottice for six years. The senators are chosen by 
 the people, and act for four years, one-half being elected bienm'ally. 
 They must be 32 years of age, and have resided in the state three years 
 next preceding the election. The representatives are chosen for two 
 years by the people. They must be 21 years of age, and have resided in 
 the state two years preceding their election. The legislature meets once in 
 two years. — Every free male person 21 years of age and a citizen of the 
 United States, or who was at the time of the adoption of the constitution 
 of the state of Texas by the Congress of the United States, or a citizen 
 of the Republic of Texas, and who shall have resided in this state one 
 
166 
 
 STATE OF TEXAS. 
 
 year next preceding an election, and the last six months within the county 
 in which he offers his vote, (Indians not taxed, Africans, and descendants 
 of Africans excepted,) has the right of sutfrage ; but no soldier, seaman, 
 or marine in the army or navy of the United States, shall be entitled 
 to vote. 
 
 In 1821 the colonization of Texas was commenced by citizens of the 
 United States. After three years of struggle with the government of 
 Mexico, it finally became independent, April 21st, I83G, and was admitted 
 into the Union as an independent state in 1845. 
 
 Austin, the capital of the state, is situated on the left bank of the 
 Colorado, 200 miles from the mouth of the river, and 255 miles northwest 
 from Galveston. It is built on a plain, elevated some tliirty or forty feet 
 above the level of the river. The Capitol is situated on a hill, and from it 
 a very commanding view of the surrounding country may be obtained. 
 The governor's house is upon another eminence, about three hundred 
 yards from the Capitol. Austin contains two churches, and about 1,000 
 inhabitants. {See routes in Texas.) 
 
 GALVLbiON, 255 miks fiom Ausun, iiid .r)l) \v(-t by north of the 
 
 south >Yest Puse of tlit Mississippi river, is situiited uii the fast end of Gul- 
 
 veston Island, and is the great commercial emporium of Texas. It was 
 settled in 1837, and has forty to fifty stores and commission houses, three 
 cotton pre;;ses, two high schools, one university, shortly to be put in 
 operation, five churchej:, and 5,000 inliabitanls. It has a tine harbor, with 
 twelve feet of water over the bar at low tide, and is the most thriving 
 town upon the seacoast, and rapidly increasing in commercial importance. 
 There are regularly plying loeekly between this place and J^ew Orleans 
 2 steam packets, a daily line to Houston ; also regular boats, running to 
 the Brazos, Trinity, and Sabine rivers. 
 
 HoT'SToN is situated at the head of tide-water on Buffalo bayou, 188 
 miles from Austin and 85 from Galveston. It is surrounded by a beautiful 
 prairie, and contains a court-house, four churches, several extensive 
 maiiufiipturing establishments, and 4,000 inhabitants. It is an exten- 
 sive cotton mart. Steatiiloats ply to Galveston. Stages run to IVash- 
 ington. 
 
 Washington is situated on the right bank of Brazos river, at the 
 head of steamboat navigation, except at seasons of high floods ; and is 
 133 miles from Austin. It contains 2 churches, an academy, and 1,200 
 inhabitants. Stages run to Houston. 
 
 Matagorda, 198 miles southeast from Austin, is situated on a plain 
 north of Matagorda bay, and on the right bank of Colorado river, 35 miles 
 from the Caballo Pass. It contains a court-house, a custom house, cham- 
 ber of commerce, 2 churches, an academy, and 700 inhabitants. Steantr 
 boats ply to Galveston and jYew Orleaiut. 
 
STATE OF TEXAS. 167 
 
 Brazoria is situated on the right bank of the Brazos river, 30 miles 
 from the Gulf, and 60 miles from Galveston. It has a court-house and 500 
 inhabitants. 
 
 San Felipe de Austin is on the right bank of the Brazos river, 120 
 miles from Austin. It contained, prior to tlie revolution, about 600 in- 
 habitants ; it was burnt by the retreating Texan arrny ; since that time it 
 has been rebuilt, and now contains a court-house and 1,000 inhabitants 
 
 San Augustine is situated on the Ayisb Bayeu, a branch of the 
 Neclies river, 360 miles ENE. from Austin, and 27 from Gaines' Ferry on 
 the Sabine. It contains a courthouse, two churches, and 1,500 in- 
 habitants; it is very healthy, being built on the high rolling lands, and is 
 one of the most beautiful towns in Texas. The University of San 
 Jiugustive, incorporated in 1837, has a president, two professors or 
 other instructors in the male department, and three instructors in the 
 female department. The session commences on the third Monday in 
 June. The Wesleyan College, with a male and female department, 
 has a president and four instructors. The session commences on the 
 first Monday in March. Stages leave for JsTatchitochcs, and for JVacog- 
 doches. 
 
 Nacogdoches is 250 miles from Austin, and 60 west from the Sabine 
 river, and is situated at the head of several small streams which enter, 
 after a course of six miles, into the R. Angelina. It was formerly oc- 
 cupied as a military post by the Spaniards and Mexicans. It contains a 
 court-house, a Roman Catholic Church, ten stores, and about 1,000 in- 
 habitants. The University of Nacogdoches was incorporated in 1845, 
 and donated with four leagues of land. It has a president and two 
 professors. 
 
 RuTERSVlLLE, 78 miles from Austin, and five from the Colorado 
 river, is on elevated ground, and the country in its vicinity aflTords many 
 views of picturesque scenery. It contains about 200 inhabitants. It is 
 the seat of Rutersville College, established in 1840, and donated with four 
 leagues of land. The college, which is under the direction of the Metho- 
 dists, has 2 professors, and a preceptress. There are terms of 21 weeks 
 each: the first commences on the third Monday in January, and the 
 second on the third Monday in July. A new college building has 
 been completed, which furnishes ample accommodation for a large number 
 of students. 
 
 San Antonio de Bexar, 90 miles south by west from Austin, is situ- 
 ated near the head sources and on both sides of the San Antonio river, 
 and is one of the most ancient towns in North America. The houses, 
 which are one story high, with terraced roofs, are built mostly of stone. 
 It contained, previous to the revolution, a population of some 8,000 ; its 
 population at the present time is estimated at 1,500. In its vicinity stand 
 the ruins of the Mamo. This was an oblong enclosure, with walls about ten 
 feet high and 3 feet thick, covering an acre of ground ; it has been styled 
 the Thermopylae of Texas, in commemoration of the heroic defence of 
 Travis and his brave comrades. 
 
 ('ORPUs Christi, at the head of a bay of the same name, 250 miles 
 south from Austin, has a court-house, several stores, and about 700 
 inhabitants. Steamboats ply to Galveston and to Jfew Orleans. 
 
 Bastrop, situated on the left bank of the (IJolorado river, at the 
 crossing of the Great San Antonio road, is surrounded by a highly fer- 
 tile prairie region. It has a court-house, several stores, and about 500 
 inhabitants. 
 
168 
 
 STATE OF ARKANSAS. 
 
 Santa Fe is situated at the base of a spur of the Rocky Mountaina, 12 
 mileg east from tlie Rio Grande del Norte, on a small branch of that 
 noble stream. It is in lat. 35® 41' and 106° W. Ion. from Greenwich, and 
 is elevated about 7,000 feet above the sea. It is the nominal capital of 
 the province of Santa Fe, or New Mexico, although, according to the 
 claims of the late Republic of Texas, it is within the bounds of that 
 state. It is 1,400 miles distant from the entrance of the Rio Grande into 
 the Gulf of Mexico, and 1,067 miles by the great caravan route from St. 
 Louis, Mo. Tiie number of inhabitants in the town does not probably 
 exceed , 3,000, but including the several surrounding villages embraced 
 within its incorporation, they amount to about 6,000. The city is very 
 irregularly laid out, and most of the streets are little better than common 
 highways. Tlie buildings around the public square are the Governor's 
 house, the custom-house, the barracks, the consistorial of the Alcaldes, 
 the military chapel, several private residences, and most of the shops of 
 the American traders ; these buildings are the only ones which have any 
 pretensions to architectural regularity, the fronts of which are shaded 
 witii portales of the rudest description. The mountains about ten miles to 
 the no-rtheast of the town are supposed to attain an elevation of 12,000 
 feet above the sea, and their summits are covered with perpetual snows. 
 The silver mines are among the mountains to the southeast, where are pro- 
 cured washings to a large amount annually. 
 
 r^: 
 
 ARK \N->A>=! lie- bPt^\fen T^" and 36' 30 N lat , 
 and between 80° .^0' and 94-^ .^0' \V. Ion. It is 240 
 mik> long and 228 wide, containing 54,500 square 
 miloh. Population in 1840, 97,574. 
 
 In the ej-tern part of the state, bordering on the 
 Mi^-is-ippi, nnd the hirge rivers which empty into it, 
 the country is low and swampy, witii a heavy growtl} 
 of timber, and is frequently overflowed. In the cen- 
 tral part, it is undulating and broken ; and in the 
 northwestern parts, the Ozark Mountains, rising sometimes to the height 
 of 1,.500 feet, extend across the state. The Washita Hills, north of the 
 Washita river, have considerable elevation. The soil is of e%'try variety, 
 from the most productive to the most sterile. On the margins of the 
 rivers, it is exceedingly fertile ; but back of this the land is generally 
 sterile. Prairies are abundant, and of immense extent. In many parts 
 there is a scarcity of water. Cotton and Indian corn arc the staple pro- 
 ductions ; but the country is well calculated for raising cattle. VViiJ 
 animals and fowls, as the buffalo, deer, elk, otter, beaver, rabbit, racoon, 
 &c., wild-geese, turkeys, and quails, are abundant. Near the centre of 
 the state there are numerous hot-springs, the temperature of which some- 
 times rises nearly to the boiling point. 
 
STATE OF ARKANSAS. 169 
 
 The Arkansas, the principal river, rj«es in the Rocky Mountains, and 
 flows through tlie state in a soutlieast direction. It is navigable for steam- 
 boats 300 miles to Little Rock; and in time of high water, 350 miles 
 farther to Fort Gibson, in the Indian Territory. The St. Francis, the 
 White, and the Washita, are other important rivers. 
 
 The constitution of the state was formed in 1836. The governor is 
 chosen by the people for four years, but cannot hold tlie office more than 
 eight years in twelve. The members of the senate are elected by the 
 people for four years, and the representatives for two years. The elections 
 are viva voce. The senate can never consist of less than 17 nor more than 
 33 members ; the house of representatives of less than 54, nor more than 
 100 members. Tlie judges of the Supreme Court are appointed for eight 
 years, and those of the Circuit Court for four years. These judges are 
 chosen by the legislature. The judges of the county courts are chosen 
 by justices of the peace. The legislature meets once in two years. Every 
 white male citizen of the United States, who has resided in the state six 
 months, is entitled to vote. 
 
 There is no college in this state. It has ten academies and 150 com- 
 mon schools. 
 
 Arkansas was a part of the Louisiana purchase. It was made a terri- 
 tory in 1819, and admitted into the Union in 1836. 
 
 Little Rock, tlie capital of the state, is situated on the right bank of 
 Arkansas river, 905 miles from ^ew Orleans by the course of the rivers. 
 It is built on a high rocky bluff, 150 feet above the water of the river, and 
 is the first place where rocks occur west of the Mississippi. The city has 
 a state-house, a court-house, five churches, two banks, a theatre, an 
 academy, the State Penitentiary, a United States arseniil, a United States 
 Land-office, and ],.500 inhabitants. Steamboats ply to JVew Orleans, and 
 up the river to Fort Gibson. (See route 441.) Stages leave three times 
 a week for fVashington ; for Van Buren ; for St. Louis via Bates- 
 ville and Prederickstoicn, Mo. ; and twice a week for Rock Roe ; thence in 
 steamboats to JSTew Orleans. 
 
 Arkansas Post, situated on the left bank of Arkansas river, 685 miles 
 from New Orleans, is on a high blufT, and contains a court-house and 
 200 inhabitants. Steamboats ply to Mew Orleans, lAltle Rock, Sfc. 
 
 Helena, situated on the right bank of the Mississippi river, con- 
 tains a court-house, a United States Land-office, and 500 inhabitants. 
 St.enmboats arrive from, and depart for JVetP Orleans, St. Louis, Cin- 
 cinnati, and Pittsburg, and the intermediate places. 
 
 Hot Springs is situated six miles north of the Washita river, and 
 sixty from Little Rock. It contains a court-house and about 100 in- 
 habitants. The Springs from which the village derives its name are about 
 fifty in number ; the waters rise from the west base of a mountain and 
 flow into a small stream, which after a course of six miles enters the 
 Washita river. The temperature of the springs differs, ranging from 
 110 to 150° of Fahrenheit. The waters have been found efficacious in 
 chronic rheumatism, gout, scrofula, and cutnneous afl^ections. There are 
 here ample accommodations for visitors. Three miles northeast are the 
 Chalybeate Springs, the waters of which are cold, and held in much re- 
 pute by invalids. Thirty miles northwest are the Sulphur Springs, but 
 recently discovered. Stages arrive from, and depart for Little Rock 
 three times a week. 
 
 8 
 
170 
 
 STATE OF TENNESSEE. 
 
 I rPNNr-»-Il liP*. h(t^^(pn }j« nnd 36" 30' N. lat., 
 and 8]^ ii) uid 90° ]U V\ . Ion. Its mean length is 
 400 miles, and its mean breadth 114 miles, containing 
 45,f>0U square miles. Population in 1840, 8'29,2i0. 
 
 The Cumberland Mountains extend through the mid- 
 dle of the state, in a southwest direction, dividing it 
 into two parts, denominated East Tennessee and West 
 Tt'vnessee. The western part of Tennessee is level, or 
 gently undulating ; in the middle it is hilly. East 
 Tennessee abounds in mountains, many of them elevated, presenting much 
 grand and picturesque scenery. Of the mountains, Cumberland, or Great 
 Laurel Ridge, is the most remarkable. It nowhere has an elevation of 
 more than 1,000 feet. Stone, Yellow, Iron, Ball, Smoky, and Unika 
 mountains, form a chain in the SE., and constitute the eastern boundary of 
 the state. Northwest of these are Bay's Mountain, Copper Ridge, Clinch 
 Mountain, Powell's Mountain, and Willing's Ridge, with valleys between 
 them from 5 to 10 miles wide. Caves of great depth and extent are found 
 in the eastern part of the state. 
 
 The soil is various, but generally fertile. The western part has a black, 
 rich soil ; in the middle are great quantities of excellent land ; in the 
 eastern part the mountains are mostly sterile, but the valleys are very fer- 
 tile. The country has a great profusion of native timber, poplar, hickory, 
 walnut, oak, beach, sycamore, locust, cherry, sugar-mnple, &c. There 
 are many medicinal plants. The soil produces abundantly cotton and 
 tobacco, the staple commodities of the state ; also grain, grass, and fruit. 
 
 TJie Tennessee river has its chief course in this state. It is 1,200 miles 
 long, and is navigable for steamboats to Florence in Alabama, 276 miles 
 above its entrance into the Ohio ; and from the head of the IMuscle 
 Shoals, for boats 250 miles further. Cumberland river, which, rising in 
 Kentucky, runs mainly in Tennessee, is navigable for steamboats 198 
 miles to Nashville, and for boats 300 miles further. It enters the Ohio 
 river in Kentucky, 60 miles from Mississippi river. The Ilolston, Clinch, 
 French Broad, and Hiwassee are branches of the Tennessee. Obion, 
 Forked Deer, and Wolf rivers, in the western part of the state, flow into 
 the Mississippi, and are navigable for boats. 
 
 Tlie constitution of this state was formed in 1796, at Knoxville, and re- 
 vised in 1833. Tiie governor is elected by the people for two years, but 
 is not eligible more than six years in eight. The representatives, who are 
 apportioned among the different counties according to the number of 
 qualified voters, are chosen biennially, and their number cannot exceed 7.'i 
 until the population is 500,000, and can never afterwards exceed Wf. 
 The senators are chosen and appointed in like manner, and can never ex- 
 coed one-third the number of representatives. The legislature meetb 
 
, STATE OF TENNESSEE. IJ} 
 
 biennially, at Nashville, in October following the election. It can b^ 
 called together by the governor at other times, if necessary. The judges 
 of the Supreme Court are appointed by tlie joint-ballot of both liouses of 
 the legislature, and hold their office for twelve years. Every white 
 person over 21 years of age, who is a freeiiolder in the county wi.ere he 
 otfers his vote, or who has resided in the county six months immediately 
 preceding the election, enjoys the right of suffrage. 
 
 The Hterary mstitutions are : Greenville College, at Greenville ; Wash- 
 ington College, near Jonesboro ; the University of Nashville, at Nash- 
 ville ; East Tennessee College, at Knoxville; Cumberland College, at 
 Lebanon; Jackson College, nearColumbia ; Franklin College, near Nash- 
 ville ; and the Southwestern Theological Seminary, at Marysville. There 
 are in the state 160 academies and 1.000 commtm schools. 
 
 Tennessee was admitted into the Union a» an independent state in 1796. 
 
 Nashvillk, the capital of the ht.ite, i> siiuaied on the left bank of 
 Cumberland ri\er, 
 attheheadofsteam- ^ .,' " ,,, 
 
 boat navigation, 120 ".''-i^.Q^-i- 
 
 miles f'rom its jiinc- _. - 'J^.. 
 tion with Ohio riv- 
 er. Its site is un 
 dulating, and is ele 
 vated from fit>y to .r.- ^J 
 175 feet above tli» 
 river. It conlam- 
 an elegant state 
 
 house, a court houst , m.uktt Iioum , a lunatic lio-pitai, the Stale Peni- 
 tentiary, three banks, ten churches, the halls of Nashville University, a 
 seminary, several other schools of a high order, and 10,000 inhabitants. 
 The Lunatic Hospital is a large and commodious building, and will ac 
 commodate 100 patients. The University, founded in 1806, has a prcsi- 
 dent, four professors and two tutors, 291 alumni, 100 students, and 10,000 
 volumes in its libraries. The main edifice is 200 feet long, 50 wide, and 
 three stories high. The commencement is on the first Wednesday in 
 October. Stages leave daily for MaysuUle, Ky., via Lexington ; fur 
 Vickshurg, Miss., via Tuscumbia and Jnckson ; three times a week 
 for Knoxville ; for Augusta via Atlanta ; for Huntsville, Ala. ; fur 
 Mtmvliis via Huntingdon and Bolivar; for Columbus, Ky. ; and for 
 Smit/iland. Steamboats leave for jYew Orleans, Ac., via Smithland. 
 
 Memphis is situated on a blutf, on the left bank of the Mississippi 
 river, immediately below the mouth of Wolf or Loosaliatchie river, 
 798 miles above New Orleans. It is regularly laid out, and contains six 
 churcl es, an academy, and 10,000 inhabitants. Memphis is the depot for 
 West Tennessee, and its commerce is e.\tei)sive, more than 120,000 bales 
 of cotton being shipped from this place every season. A United States 
 Navy Yard has lately been established here, and the necessary buildings 
 arc in course of erection. Steambonts nrrine from, and depart daily for 
 J^eio Orleans ; for Cincinnati ; for St. I^ouis, SiX. Stages in con- 
 niction with steamboats and railroad cars leave for Chnrleston, 
 S. C, via Tuscumbia, Ala., Gunters Landing, Atlanta, Ga., and 
 Augusta. Stages leave 3 times a wrek for jVashville ; for Jackson, 
 Miss., via Holly Springs ; and also for Columbus. 
 
 Columbia. 42 miles from Nashville, is situated on the left bank of 
 Duck river, and contains a court-house, three churches, a bank, an 
 
172 STATE OF TENNESSEE. 
 
 academy, and about 2,000 inhabitants. Jackson College, in the vicinity, 
 founded in 1830, has a president and four professors, 100 students, and 
 1,250 volumes in its libraries. Stages leave daily fur J^Tashville. 
 
 Clarksville, situated on the right bank of Cumberland river, 65 
 miles from Nashville by the course of the river, contains a court-house, 
 three churches, an academy, two banks, and 2,000 inhabitants. It has an 
 extensive trade in cotton and tobacco. Steamboats leave for JVash- 
 ville and for JVew Orleans. Stages leave 3 times a week for J^Taskville 
 and fur Siuithland. 
 
 Franklin is eighteen miles from Nashville, on the left bank of 
 Big Harpeth river, and has a court-house, four churches, five acad- 
 emies, and about 1,500 inhabitants. In the vicinity is Franklin Col- 
 lege, founded in 1844, which has a president, six professors, and 90 
 students. Stages leave 3 times a week for JVas/iville. 
 
 MuRFREESBORo', once the capital of the state, is situated on a small 
 branch of Cumberland river, and contains a court-house, three churches, 
 an academy, and 1,500 inhabitants. Stages leave three times a week 
 for JVashville ; for Kiioxville ; and for Hantsville, Ala. 
 
 Kingston, situated on the right bank of the Tenne.ssee river, at the 
 junction of the Clinch river, contains a courthouse, two churches, an 
 academy, and 700 inhabitants. 
 
 Knoxvii I F i- on tl]< ruht Iniik of Hokton river, four miles below the 
 
 junction of French Broad 
 
 ^ river, and at the head of 
 steamboat navigation. It 
 
 it -TV -ei>4„ ^'^^^n ^ contains a fine court-house, 
 
 ^ >"---* >. t 3 churches, two academies. 
 
 -.r-.. 
 
 
 !|^ '4' » ' «J4^ ^i-I^Iir a '""'^ '*^"*^ ^ female semi- 
 
 :_"*^ ^C ^--t^^ '^ ^ -.i^--^ n.iry, nnd 1,500 inhabitants. 
 ^^■il^ ^ -* V -^;5i-; Tiie buildings of £ast Ten- 
 ^^^'*^~^-t^-^*:s:^3rq=iri"*>-> J.=s.-l-i^<^ ne^^ieeUnivcrsity f^K located 
 ^«^SSife»*!M*B»K^&. ' — .>-»-«=ii^i«to«s«^^ on a beautiful eminence of 
 con^iiier.ilile Lit viition, on tin nortli Imik of the Holston, half a mile west 
 of the city 'J'lify consist ot a large central edifice, two commodious 
 halls, three stones high, tor etudy and lodging rooms, three professors' 
 houses, &c. The University lias a president, lour professors, 100 alumni, 
 120 students, 3,800 volumes in its libraries, and an extensive chemical and 
 philosophical appnratus, mineralogical cabinet, &c. The commencement 
 is on the first Wednesday in August. Stages leave three times a week for 
 Washington, D. C, via Abingdon. Va., and Staunton; for Raleigh, JV*. 
 C. ; for Charleston. S. C, via fVarm Springs, Greenville, <S-c. ; for 
 Charleston via Atlanta, Ga., and Augusta; for Savannah via Atlanta; 
 for JSTashvi/le; and for Lexington, Ky., via Cumberland Gap. 
 
 JoNESBORo' is on a small branch, and ten miles south of Holston river. 
 It has a court-house, three churches, two academies, and 1,000 inhabi- 
 tants. Washington College, in the vicinity, founded in 1794, has a presi- 
 dent, three professors, 110 alumni, 45 students, and 1,000 volumes in its 
 libraries. Stages leave Jonesboro' 3 times a week for Knoxville ; for 
 Abingdon, Va. ; and for Raleigh, JV. C. 
 
 Marysvillk, 16 miles from Knoxville, is situated on a branch of Holston 
 river, and contains a court-house, a church, and about 500 inhabitants. 
 It is the seat of the Southwestern Theological Seminary, under the direction 
 of the Presbyterians, founded in 1821, which has two professors, 30 stu- 
 dents, and 6,000 volumes in its libraries. 
 
RAILROAD, STAGE, AND STEAMBOAT ROUTES, 
 
 THROUGH 
 
 THE SOUTHERN STATES. 
 
 G39) F'M Raleigh to 
 
 Beaufort. 
 
 F^ia Guldsboro ' and 
 
 jVewbern. 
 
 \Petersburg &r Roanoke] 
 Railroad. 
 
 To Biisbee's Store 
 
 Smitlitield 
 
 Booiihill 
 
 (JoUlsl)oro' 
 
 Kingston 
 
 Trenton 
 
 Pollocksville 
 
 Mewbern 
 
 Oiivenville 
 
 Bkaufort 
 
 I 9 
 18 27 
 10 1 37 
 lo! 52 
 26, 78, 
 2810(5 
 12,118 
 8126 
 16142 
 281170 
 
 C340) F'm Raleigh to 
 Plymouth, 
 Via IVushington. 
 Tu Eagle Rock. 
 
 Wakefield 
 
 StaiilKipe 
 
 Nashville 
 
 Kdcky Mount .. 
 
 Turboro' 
 
 Sparta 
 
 Faulkland 
 
 Greenville 
 
 Pactolas 
 
 Washington ... 
 Plymouth 
 
 (341) F'm Raleigh to 
 
 Washington, 
 
 Via Richmond, Va. 
 
 Rideish cV Gaston RR. 
 
 ToHuntsville... 
 
 For rest villa 
 
 Franklin 
 
 Staunton 
 
 Henderson 
 
 Ridgeway 
 
 Mil con Depot ... 
 
 Littleton 
 
 Gaston 
 
 Greenville RR. 
 Ruland's.Va. ...IIOI 97 
 Bellield |ll|l08 
 
 Jarret's Depot.. 
 
 Stony Creek 
 
 Petersburg.. 
 Proctor's Creek 
 
 Richmond 
 
 Washington, 
 (see x\o. 288) . 
 
 C342) F'M Raleigh to 
 
 Norfolk, Va. 
 
 Via Gareysburg. 
 
 Raleigh <S- Gaston RR. 
 To Littleton — 
 (see \o. 341) 
 ."ilage. 
 
 Weldon 
 
 Gareysburg 
 
 Margaretsville, 
 Portsmouth S,- Roanoke 
 
 Railroad. 
 Newson's, Va. ... 
 
 Franklin 
 
 l^arrsville 
 
 Suftblk 
 
 Portsmouth 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 Chalk Level.... 
 Ward's Bridge . 
 Castle Craig . . . 
 Yellow Branch. 
 Campbell C. H. 
 Lynchburg ... 
 
 51149 
 13162 
 6168 
 
 6174 
 5179 
 121191 
 
 129 
 142 
 147 
 160 
 171177 
 11178 
 
 (343) F'm Raleigh to 
 Lynchburg, Va. 
 
 Raleigh S,- Gaston 
 To Huntsville.... 
 
 Forestville 
 
 Newlight 
 
 Wilton 
 
 Granville 
 
 Stage. 
 
 Oxford 
 
 Berea 
 
 Roxboro' 
 
 Leasburg 
 
 Milton 
 
 l)ANVILLE,Va 
 
 Pittsylvania C. H. 
 Robertson's Store. 
 
 (344) F'm Raleigh to 
 
 Wytheville, 
 
 Via Greensboro' and 
 
 Salem. 
 
 To Moringsville.. 
 
 Chapel Hill 
 
 Hillsboro' 
 
 Mason's Hall 
 
 jTrollinger's B'dge 
 
 Haw River 
 
 Albright's 
 
 Allemance 
 
 Greensboro' ... 
 
 New Garden 
 
 Friendship 
 
 Kernersville 
 
 Salem 
 
 Oldtown 
 
 Bethnia 
 
 Little Yadkin .... 
 
 Tom's Creek 
 
 Mt. Airy 
 
 New Grayson, Va. 
 
 Hillsville 
 
 Austinvilie 
 
 Wytheville ... 
 
 2U2 
 
 (345) F'm Raleigh to 
 Knoxville, Tenn. 
 
 Via Junesboro, Tenn., 
 li- Greenville. 
 
 To Salem— 
 (see No. 344) ... 
 
 Panther Creek ... 
 
 Huntsville 
 
 Hainptonville 
 
 Wilkesboro'... 
 
 Reddy's River 
 
 .letferson 
 
 North Fork 
 
 Tay]orsville,Tenn 
 
 Moore's ItonW'ks 
 
 237 
 
174 
 
 ROUTES IN NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 Dagger's Ferry... 
 Elizabethtown ... 
 
 JONESBORO' 
 
 Leesburg 
 
 Rheatown 
 
 Henderson's Mills 
 
 Greenville 
 
 Gustavus 
 
 Cheek's J«) Roads. 
 
 Morristown 
 
 Panther Springs.. 
 
 Mossy Creek 
 
 Newmarket 
 
 Strawberry Plains 
 Knoxville 
 
 9;246 
 13 259 
 
 146) 
 Kn 
 
 F'm Raleigh to 
 Lnoxville, Tenn. 
 Via Salisbury ($- Warm 
 Springs, 
 
 To Grove 
 
 Hackney's t«! R'ds 
 
 Pittsboro' 
 
 St. Lawrence 
 
 Marley's Mills 
 
 Lanesville 
 
 Ashboro' 
 
 Spencer 
 
 Cfotton Grove 
 
 Salisbury 
 
 VVoodgrove 
 
 Covvansville 
 
 Statesville 
 
 Poplar Grove 
 
 Hokesville 
 
 Euvesville 
 
 Drowning Creek . 
 
 MORGANTOVVN... 
 
 Locust Grove 
 
 Pleasant Garden . 
 
 Old Fort 
 
 Swannano 
 
 ASHVILLE 
 
 French Broad 
 
 Lapland 
 
 Warm Springs. . 
 
 Newport 
 
 Oak Grove 
 
 Dandridge 
 
 Tuckahoe 
 
 Mechlenburg 
 
 Knoxville 
 
 20 
 
 27 
 34 
 4*5 
 56 
 60 
 72 
 
 ssl 
 
 93 i 
 1151 
 
 125 
 
 131 
 
 142 
 
 151 
 
 156 
 
 166 
 
 101176, 
 
 15191 
 
 20 211 
 
 5 216 
 
 10 226 
 
 12238 
 
 12 250 
 
 11261 
 
 10 271 
 
 16 287 
 
 27 314 
 
 10 324 
 
 8 332 
 
 11343 
 
 15 358 
 
 51363 
 
 (347) F'm Raleigh to 
 
 Columbia, S. C. 
 Via Fnyetteville and 
 
 Cher aw, S. C. 
 To Middle Creek 
 
 Averysboro' 
 
 Fayetteville . 
 Davis' Springs .. 
 Randallsville. ... 
 
 Montpelier 
 
 Laurel Hill 
 
 8I99J 
 
 Che RAW, S. C. .. 
 
 Tiller's Ferry 
 
 Camden 
 
 Columbia 
 
 (348) F'm Raleigh to 
 
 WiL.MINGTON. 
 
 To Goldsboro'— I I 
 (seeNo. 338) ...I I 52 
 
 Wilmington &r Raleigh 
 Railroad. 
 
 Dudley's 
 
 9 
 
 Faison's 
 
 12 
 
 Warsaw 
 
 8 
 
 Strickland 
 
 8 
 
 Tear-hy's 
 
 9 
 
 S. Washington. 
 
 9 
 
 Bergaw 
 
 Rocky Mount.. 
 
 7 
 
 8J 
 
 Wilmington.. 
 
 m 
 
 (349) F'm Gareysburg 
 to Beaufort, 
 
 Via Plymouth «$- J^ew- 
 bern. 
 
 To Jackson 
 
 Rich Square 
 
 Britton's Store . . . 
 
 Windsor 
 
 Plymouth 
 
 Wnshington 
 
 Switl Creek B'dge 
 
 Newbern 
 
 Cravensville 
 
 Beaufort 
 
 (350) F'm Edenton to 
 
 Norfolk, Va. 
 
 To Hertford 
 
 VVoodville 
 
 Elizabeth City.... 
 
 New Lebanon 
 
 South Mills 
 
 r,ake Drummond. 
 Deep Creek, Va... 
 Norfolk 
 
 (351) F'm Wilmington 
 TO Norfolk, Va. 
 
 To Gareysburg— 1 j 
 (see No. 352)... I |l67 
 
 Portsmouth Sr Roanoke 
 Railroad. 
 
 Margaretsville 
 
 Newson's, Va. ... 
 
 Franklin 
 
 Carrsville 
 
 Suffolk 
 
 Portsmouth 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 (352) F'm Wilmtngtoh 
 
 TO Washington, D.C. 
 
 Via Richmond. 
 
 Wilmington &r Raleigh 
 
 Railroad. 
 To Rocky Mount 
 
 Bergaw 
 
 S. Washington.. 
 
 Teachy's 
 
 Strickland 
 
 Warsaw 
 
 Faison's 
 
 Dudley's 
 
 Goldsboro' 
 
 Nahunta 
 
 Barden's 
 
 Tossnott 
 
 Joiners' 
 
 Rocky Mount... 
 
 Battles' 
 
 Enfield 
 
 Halifax 
 
 Weldon 
 
 Gareysburg 
 
 14i 
 
 Richmond, Petersburg, 
 &r Potomac RR. 
 
 Pleasant Hill... 
 
 Belfield 
 
 Jarrett's 
 
 Stony Cteek 
 
 Petersburg ... . 
 [Proctor's Creek. 11 
 
 ;ki( hmond 
 
 Taylorsviile 
 
 RutherGlen 
 
 iMilford 
 
 Guiney's 
 
 Fredericksb'g 
 
 Aquia C'k Land- 
 ing, Va 
 
 Steamboat. 
 
 Mt. Vernon 
 
 Alexandria 
 
 Washington... 
 
 177 
 187 
 198 
 207 
 218 
 229i 
 240i 
 261i 
 2b-9i 
 279i 
 290i 
 ;302i 
 
 mh 
 
 343i 
 
 asu 
 
 358i 
 
 (353) F'm Wilmington 
 to Fayetteville. 
 
 I 16 
 
 15 31 
 
 18 49 
 17 66 
 
 To Robinson's 
 
 Westbrook 
 
 Elizabethtown ... 
 Prospect Hall ... 
 Fayetteville . 
 
 (354) F'm Wilmington 
 to Charleston, S.C. 
 
 Steamboat. 
 ToSmithville....! 130 
 Charleston — 130ll60 
 
 (355) From Fayette- 
 ville to Salisbury. 
 
 To Murchison's I I 
 
 Mills 14 
 
 Johnsonville | 81 23 
 
ROUTES IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 175 
 
 16 
 18 
 
 6 
 15 
 
 8 
 
 94 
 18112 
 
 <3o6) From Salisbury 
 TO Norfolk, Va. 
 
 Cftrthage 
 
 Caledonia 
 
 Sugg's Bridge.... 
 
 Hill^s Store 
 
 Mt. Lebanon 
 
 Healing Springs.. 
 Salisbury 
 
 To Cotton Grove. 
 
 Spencer 
 
 Asliboro' 
 
 Lanesviile 
 
 Alarley's Mills.... 
 
 St. Lawrence 
 
 Pittsboro' 
 
 Hackney's ;><! R'ds 
 
 Grove 
 
 Ralkigh 
 
 Norfolk— 
 (see No. 342)... 178 
 
 (357) F'mSalisbury to 
 Lynchburg, Va. 
 
 To Greensboro' ..I | 52 
 
 Danville. Va 52104 
 
 Lynchburg |73ll77 
 
 (358) From Salisbury 
 TO VVytheville. 
 
 To Lexington 17 
 
 Salem 
 
 Wythkvillk— 
 (see No. 344) .. 
 
 130 
 
 (359) From Salisbury 
 TO Clarksvillk, Ga. 
 To Statesville . . 27 
 
 Morgantown . 
 
 Ashville 
 
 VVaynesville . 
 
 Franklin 
 
 Clayton 
 
 Clarksville 
 
 (360) F'm Salisbury to 
 
 Greenville, S. C. 
 To liincnlnton 
 Ervvinville . .. 
 Spartansburg. 
 Greenville. 
 
 Blairville 
 
 Pinckneyville 
 
 Alt. Tabor 
 
 Decatur 
 
 Unionville 
 
 Cedar Grove 
 
 Cross Keys 
 
 Huntington 
 
 Laurensville 
 
 Waterloo 
 
 Stony Point 
 
 Deadfall 
 
 Smithville 
 
 Abbeville 
 
 (362) From Salisbury 
 
 to Columbia, S. C. 
 
 f^ia Yorkville. 
 
 To Yorkville- 
 (see No. 361) 
 
 Gutl)riesville .. 
 
 Brattonsville .. 
 
 Chester 
 
 Blackstock's . . 
 
 Yonguesville. . 
 
 Albion 
 
 Winnsboro' ... 
 
 Cookham 
 
 Columbia 
 
 Wadesboro' 
 
 Morven 
 
 Sneedsboro' 
 
 (Jheraw, S. C... 
 
 Society Hill 
 
 Darlington 
 
 Mar's Bluff 
 
 Jaftrey's Creek... 
 
 Flintville 
 
 Lynch's Creek 
 
 China Grove 19 
 
 Georgetown... 21 
 
 81 
 
 114 
 
 31145 
 
 (361) F'mSalisbury to 
 
 Abbeville, S. C. 
 Via Charlotte Sr York- 
 
 ville. 
 To C^ina Grove.. 
 
 Concord 
 
 Harrisburg 
 
 Charlotte 
 
 Whitehall 
 
 Ranalesburg 
 
 YORKVILLK, S.C 
 
 (363) From Salisbury 
 TO Charleston, S.(J. 
 
 Via Charlotte ^- Cain- 
 
 den, IS. C. 
 To Charlotte, 
 
 (see No. 361) ... 
 
 Mt. Seer 
 
 Pleasant Valley, 
 
 S.C 
 
 Bel Air 
 
 C u ret on 's Store... 
 
 Lancaster 
 
 Pleasant Hill 
 
 Sandton 
 
 Flat Rock 
 
 Camden 
 
 Bradford Springs. 
 
 jjSuinpteiville 
 
 j Privateer 
 
 j Vance's Ferry 
 
 Roadsville 
 
 Inabret's 
 
 South Carolina RR. 
 Charleston.... 1331244 
 
 (364) From Salisbury 
 TO Georgetown, S.C. 
 
 Via Cheraw. 
 
 (365) From Salisbury 
 TO Wilmington, 
 Via FayetteviUe. 
 
 To Healing Sp'gs. 
 
 Mt. Lebanon 
 
 Hill's Store 
 
 Snugg's Bridge .. 
 
 Caledonia 
 
 Carthage 
 
 .Johnson ville 
 
 Murchinson'sM'ls 
 
 Fayetteville.. 
 
 Prospect Hall 
 
 Eliza bethtown ... 
 
 Westbrooki 
 
 Robinson's 
 
 Wilmington — 
 
 34 
 
 73 
 
 (366) F'm Charleston 
 to Georgetown, 
 
 By Stage I I 60 
 
 (367) F'm Charleston 
 TO Salisbury, 
 
 Via Camden <S- Char- 
 lotte. 
 To Surnpfervill( 
 (s e No. 363) , 
 
 Camden 
 
 Lancaster 
 
 Charlotte, N. C 
 Salisbury — 
 
 To Rockville... 
 Kendall's Store. 
 
 Albemarle 
 
 Norwood 
 
 Cedar Hill 
 
 Beverly 
 
 50129 
 58167 
 37 204 
 40244 
 
 (368) F'm Charleston 
 TO Kno.wille, Tenn. 
 
 Via Columbia &r Ash- 
 ville, JV. C. 
 
 South Carolina RR. 
 ToBranchville...l I 62 
 
 Branchville S,-Columbia 
 
 Railroad. 
 Rowe's Pump 
 Orangeburg .. 
 Semerson's... 
 
 Lewisville 
 
 Fort Motte . . . 
 
 Gadsden 
 
 Hopkins 
 
 WoodJands... 
 Columbia.... 
 
 71 
 
 91 
 
 111 
 
 119 
 51124 
 6130 
 
176. 
 
 ROUTES IX GEORGIA. 
 
 Oakville.. 
 
 13 
 
 M?! 
 
 Pomaria 
 
 1.^^i 
 
 Newberry 
 
 14 
 
 170 
 
 Piisesville 
 
 9 
 
 1/9 
 
 lliiiitsville 
 
 i) 
 
 184 
 
 Holland's 
 
 f) 
 
 IH9 
 
 LxURENSVILLti .. 
 
 9 
 
 198 
 
 (ireeiiwood 
 
 II 
 
 ■m 
 
 
 H 
 
 •M-. 
 
 Plains 
 
 H 
 
 ■m 
 
 Grkenville 
 
 12 
 
 2H-, 
 
 Travel ier's Rest.. 
 
 10 
 
 •^4o 
 
 Merrittsville 
 
 18 
 
 2:iH 
 
 Fiut Rock 
 
 l:^ 
 
 ■/.n 
 
 Henderson vi lie... 
 
 
 'MH 
 
 Mud Creek 
 
 5 
 
 m 
 
 Limestone 
 
 4 
 
 i«/ 
 
 Ashville.. 
 
 10 
 11 
 
 1 
 
 French Broad 
 
 
 ]Q'mf 
 
 IVarm Springs.. 
 
 IH 
 
 m 
 
 Newport 
 
 •M 
 
 HHl 
 
 Oak Grove 
 
 10 
 
 H71 
 
 Uandridge 
 
 f" 
 
 ;^7.H 
 
 Tuckahoe 
 
 11 
 
 m 
 
 Mechlenburg.... 
 
 If) 
 
 405 
 
 Knoxville 
 
 5 
 
 410 
 
 (372) F'm Columbia to 
 
 Raleigh, N.C. 
 f^ia Camden <S- Cheraw. 
 
 14311(371) F'm Charleston 
 TO Savannah, 
 By Steamboat....! 1110 
 
 (3 
 
 V 
 
 To Camden 
 
 Tiller's Ferry 
 
 Cheraw 
 
 LiiurelHill. N.C. 
 
 iVlontpelier 
 
 Randallsville 
 
 Davis' Spring 
 
 Fayettevillk .. 
 
 Averysboro' 
 
 Middle Creek 
 
 Raleigh 
 
 (3C9) F'm Charleston 
 TO Algusta, Ga 
 
 South Carolina RR 
 To Mile Pump .. 
 
 Sneath's 
 
 Woodstock 
 
 Ladson's 
 
 Somerville 
 
 Ijawrence's 
 
 Inabret's 
 
 Ross's 
 
 St. George's 
 
 Reeve's 
 
 Branchville . 
 Edisto Turn-out, 
 
 Midway 
 
 Loury's 
 
 Graham's 
 
 Blackville 
 
 Wiliiston 
 
 White Pond 
 
 Windsor 
 
 Johnson's 
 
 Aiken 
 
 Clark's 
 
 Marshes 
 
 Hamburg 
 
 Augusta, Ga. 
 
 (373) F'm Columbia to 
 Salisbury, 
 Via Yorkville. 
 
 To Cookham 
 
 Winsboro' 
 
 Albion 
 
 Vonguesville 
 
 Blackstock's 
 
 Chester 
 
 Brattonsville 
 
 Guthriesville 
 
 Yorkville 
 
 Raiiaiesburg, ISiC, 
 
 Whitehall 
 
 Charlotte 
 
 Harnsburg 
 
 Concord 
 
 China (irove 
 
 Salisbury 
 
 ClarksviUe, Ga. ..[20' 79' 
 
 Nacoochee 13 92 
 
 Dahlonega |21ill3 
 
 (377) Fr'm Abbeville 
 TO Union Point, Ga. 
 To Calhoun's M'ls 
 Petersburg, Ga. .. 
 
 Danbury 
 
 Washington 
 
 Tyrone 
 
 Public Square 
 
 Union Point 
 
 1 
 
 111140 
 101150 
 
 374) F'm Columbia to 
 Rutherfordt'n, J\(J. 
 42 
 £0 
 
 To Maybintown 
 Goshen Hill 
 
 (370) F'm Charleston 
 to Savannah, Ga. 
 
 To Jacksonboro' 
 
 Blue House 
 
 Pocotaligo 
 
 Grahamsville 
 
 Savannah, Ga. . 
 
 I 32 
 
 18 M 
 14 64 
 lo 7!i 
 331112 
 
 Unionville 
 
 Glenn's Springs .. 
 
 Spiirtansburg 
 
 Ruthkrfordt'n 
 
 (375) F'm Columbia to 
 Augusta, Ga. 
 
 To Lexington... 
 
 Leesville 
 
 Ridge 
 
 Edgetield C. H. . 
 
 Hamburg 
 
 Augusta 
 
 (376) F'm Greenville 
 TO Dahlonega, Ga. 
 To Pickensville 
 Pickens C.H... 
 West Union.... 
 Davis' Ferry ... 
 
 113 
 18 31 
 
 10 41 
 
 18l 59 
 
 (378) From Savannah 
 TO Augusta. 
 Central Railroad. 
 ToBrinsonsville— 
 (see No. 379) . . . 
 Stage. 
 
 Waynesboro' 
 
 Richmond Fact'y 
 Augusta 
 
 80 
 
 10 
 
 20 
 
 22102 
 
 lain; 
 
 10il27 
 
 (379) From Savannah 
 TO Macon. 
 Central Railroad. 
 To Eden Depot 
 
 Reform 
 
 Armenia 
 
 Halcyondale... 
 
 Depot 
 
 Scarboro' 
 
 Brinsonvilie ... 
 
 Midville 
 
 Holcomb 
 
 Depot 
 
 Davisboro' 
 
 Tennille 
 
 Oconee 
 
 Emmett 
 
 Kingston 
 
 Gordon 
 
 Larkville 
 
 Macon 
 
 4 50 
 10 60 
 10 70 
 10 80 
 151 9o 
 
 5,100 
 12112 
 101-22 
 13135 
 12147 
 
 51a2 
 
 8160 
 10170 
 10180 
 ;10ll90 
 
 (380) F'm Savannah to 
 Montgomery, Ala. 
 
 Via Macon S,- Colum- 
 bus. 
 
 To Macon- 
 (seeiNo. 379) ... 
 
 Kndxville 
 
 Francisville 
 
 Union 
 
 Daviston ....' 
 
 Talboton 
 
 Fillerslie 
 
 Columbus 
 
 Crawford, Alii. .. 
 
 Society Hill 
 
 Tuskegee 
 
 Cross Keys 
 
 CJabahatchie 
 
 Mt. ftleigs 
 
 Montoomery . . . 
 
 a53 
 
ROUTES IN GEORGIA. 
 
 177 
 
 t381) F'm Savannah to 
 
 iSx. AUGUSTIiNE, Fa. 
 
 ToOldC. H 
 
 
 17 
 
 Kiceboro' 
 
 17 
 
 34 
 
 S. Newport 
 
 14 
 
 4fc 
 
 Darien 
 
 H 
 
 H'J 
 
 Belliel 
 
 «;^ 
 
 «.i 
 
 WaynesviUe 
 
 Langsbiiry 
 
 ^ 
 
 m 
 
 lU 
 
 104 
 
 Jertersoiitou 
 
 i:i 
 
 \\t 
 
 St. Mury's 
 
 •j;: 
 
 141 
 
 Jacksonville, Fu.. 
 
 40 
 
 181 
 
 St. Augustine.. 
 
 36 
 
 ■M 
 
 (382) F'm Savannah to 
 
 Knoxville, Teiui. 
 
 Via Macon. 
 
 To Macon— I I 
 (seexNo. 3:9)...| 1190 
 
 JIucon iS,- Western RR. 
 
 Stulliiig's Store... 
 
 Forsyth 
 
 Barnesville 
 
 Griffin 
 
 atage. 
 
 York 
 
 Fayettevilie 
 
 Barryville 
 
 Canipbelltown ... 
 
 Howell 
 
 Mill Grove 
 
 Marietta 
 
 Cassville 
 
 New Echota 
 
 Spring Place 
 
 Pleasant Valley .. 
 
 Cleveland 
 
 Calhoun 
 
 Mantua 
 
 Athens 
 
 Philadelphia 
 
 Blain's ierry 
 
 Campbell'sStation 
 Knoxville 
 
 247 
 
 15 
 
 81270 
 12; 282 
 10 2112 
 
 2294 
 
 8^302 
 311333 
 22 355 
 18 373 
 
 6:379 
 23402 
 11413 
 
 5i418 
 10428 
 20,448 
 
 54o3 
 15 468 
 15l483 
 
 (383) F'm Augusta to 
 Charleston, S. C. 
 
 To Hamburg .... I 1 1 
 South Carolina RR. 
 
 Ross's 
 
 Inabret's 
 
 Lawrence's 
 
 Sonierville 
 
 Ladson's 
 
 Woodstock 
 
 Sneath's 
 
 Ei^ht-niile Pump, 
 Charleston ..., 
 
 100 
 
 104 
 
 109 
 
 115 
 
 119 
 
 121 
 
 31124 
 
 5129 
 
 8; 13: 
 
 (384) F'm Augusta to 
 
 Athens. 
 
 Georgia Railroad. 
 
 To Union Point— I I 
 (see No. 385) ... 1 I 76 
 Athens Branch RR. 
 
 Woodvilje 
 
 Salnionville 
 
 Lexington Depot. 
 
 Pinston's 
 
 Athens 
 
 5 81 
 
 (385) F'm Augusta to 
 Atlanta, 
 
 Via Madison £r Gov 
 ington. 
 
 Georgia Railroad. 
 
 Marsh's 
 
 Clark's 
 
 Aiken 
 
 Johnson's 
 
 Windsor 
 
 White Pond 
 
 Williston 
 
 Blackville 
 
 Graham's 
 
 Loury's 
 
 Midway 
 
 Branchville ... 
 
 Reeve's 
 
 St. George's 
 
 9 
 13 
 17 
 
 22 
 
 30 
 
 34 
 
 4J 3M 
 
 47 
 
 56 
 
 5 61 
 
 4 65 
 
 10 75 
 
 10 85 
 
 To Bell Air.... 
 
 Berzelia 
 
 Hearing 
 
 Thompson 
 
 Camac 
 
 Camming 
 
 Crawfordville . . 
 Union Point .. 
 Greensboro' .... 
 
 Ruckhead 
 
 Madison 
 
 Kutledge's 
 
 Social Circle ... 
 
 Covington 
 
 Holconib's 
 
 Stone Mountain 
 
 Depot 
 
 Atlanta 
 
 (386) F'm Augusta to 
 Nashville, Tenn 
 
 Via Atlanta, Spring 
 Place, and Jasper, 
 Tenn. 
 
 Georgia Railroad. 
 To Atlanta— 
 
 (see No. 385) . 
 Stage. 
 
 Marietta 
 
 Cassville 
 
 New Echota — 
 Spring Place. 
 
 Red Hill 
 
 Dogwood 
 
 Rossville 
 
 8* 
 
 Chattanooga, 
 
 Tenn 
 
 Lookout Valley 
 
 Jasper 
 
 Battle Creek ... 
 
 Pelham 
 
 Hillsboro' 
 
 Manchester 
 
 Noah's Fork ... 
 
 iMillersburg 
 
 Murfreesboro' .. 
 Nashville — 
 
 (387) F'm Augusta to 
 Montgomery, Ala. 
 
 Via Atlanta and West 
 Point. 
 
 To Atlanta— 
 (see No. 385; 
 
 Hancock 
 
 Fayettevilie .. 
 
 Kidron 
 
 Saluda 
 
 Newnan 
 
 VVatson's 
 
 Corinth 
 
 Shiloh 
 
 La Grange.. 
 
 Long Cane... 
 
 West Point 
 
 Cusseta 
 
 Mt. Jetferson . 
 
 Auburn 
 
 Chehaw 
 
 Montgomery and West 
 Point RR. 
 
 309 
 
 165 
 
 183 
 
 193 
 
 204 
 
 5209 
 
 5214 
 
 7 221 
 
 71228 
 
 1236 
 
 243 
 
 253 
 
 258 
 
 272 
 
 279 
 
 290 
 
 30O 
 
 Uphaupee 
 
 Fort Decatur.. 
 
 Magruder's 
 
 Creyon's 
 
 Montgomery 
 
 (388) F'm Augusta to 
 Montgomery, Ala. 
 
 Via Madison, Indian 
 
 Spri7igs, ds' Columbus. 
 
 To Madison— 
 (see No. 385) . . 
 
 Shadydale 
 
 Monticello 
 
 Planter's 
 
 Indian Springs 
 
 Unionvilie 
 
 Barnesville 
 
 Union Hill 
 
 Thomaston 
 
 Pleasant Hill.... 
 
 Bellevue 
 
 Blurt" Springs.. 
 Waverly Hall., 
 
 EUerslie , 
 
 Columbus 
 
 montgomery- 
 (see No. 380) , 
 
178 
 
 ROUTES IN GEORGIA. 
 
 (389) F'm Augusta TO 
 
 MONTGOMKRY, 
 
 Via Milled geviile, Ma- 
 con, d- CuliLinbus. 
 To Camac— 
 (see No. 385) 
 
 Warreiiton 
 
 Miiyfield 
 
 Sparta 
 
 Devereaiix's Store 
 
 MiLLKDGKVlLLE. 
 
 Wallace 
 
 Macon 
 
 Kiioxville 
 
 Fraiicisville 
 
 Union 
 
 Daviston 
 
 Talbotton 
 
 Ellerslie 
 
 CoLUiMBUS 
 
 Montgomery— 
 
 (see No. 380) ... 82' 301 
 
 (390) F'm Augusta to 
 Pknsacola, Flor. 
 
 Via Warrejiton, Macon, 
 Bainbridst, Chatta- 
 hoochee, i,-L,aGrange, 
 Flor. 
 
 To Macon— 
 (see No. 379) , . 
 
 Busbeeville 
 
 Perry 
 
 Limestone 
 
 MarshallviiJe.... 
 Traveller's Rest . 
 
 Americus 
 
 Starkville 
 
 Palmyra 
 
 Albany 
 
 Newton 
 
 Anderson C. H. .. 
 
 Steele's 
 
 Pendleton 
 
 Double Branches. 
 
 Pickensville 
 
 CJreenville 
 
 Knoxville— 
 (see No. 368)... 
 
 lOd 
 113 
 
 8;1JI 
 131134 
 
 I75I309 
 
 (392) Fr'm Athens to 
 
 Madison viLLE.Tenn. 
 
 Via Oarksville. 
 
 To Grove Hill....! I 10 
 
 loh Madison Springs, 8-' 24 
 ■■■' rariie.Nville 12^ 
 
 Athens 
 
 Grove Hill 
 
 Dimielsville 
 
 .Madt^m Springs 
 
 <Jariiesville 
 
 Poinsett 
 
 Clarksville 
 
 97 
 
 109 
 
 118 
 
 181136 
 
 20 
 
 Bainbridgk 40 
 
 Chattahoochee 
 
 Florida 41 
 
 Marianna 25 
 
 Oak Hill K 
 
 Holmes' Valley ..iis« 
 
 La Grange 25 
 
 Steamboat. 
 Pensacola I90 
 
 249 
 
 (391) F'm Augusta to 
 
 Knoxville, Tenn. 
 
 Via GreevviUe, S.C. Sr 
 
 Ashville, J\r. C. 
 
 To Hamburg.S.C 
 
 Edgefield 
 
 Duntonsvilie 
 
 Ijonfrmire's Store. 
 
 Winter Seat 
 
 Fraziersville 
 
 Abbeville 
 
 Temple of Health 
 Varennes 
 
 23 24 
 
 9 33 
 
 9 421 
 
 5 47; 
 
 9' 561 
 
 9 65 i 
 
 10 75 
 
 10, 85! 
 
 I'oiiisett 
 
 Clarksville... 
 
 Nacoochee 
 
 AIadisonville.. 
 
 9 45 
 18! 63 
 
 961176 
 
 (393) Fr'm Athens to 
 
 Dahlonega. 
 To Jefferson . . . 
 Cnniiingham's 
 
 Store 
 
 Gainesville 
 
 Lucksville 
 
 New Bridge ... 
 
 Auraria 
 
 Dahlonega . . 
 
 (396) From Milledge 
 
 VILLE TO DaRIEN. 
 
 To Emmett .... 
 
 Irwinton 
 
 I Rains' Store.... 
 
 Marion 
 
 jTarversville 
 
 Hawkinsville 
 
 Copeland 
 
 Temperance 
 
 Jacksonville 
 
 Lumber City . 
 Boxville.... 
 Perry's Mills ...! 
 
 Surrency 
 
 Fort Barrington . 
 Darien 
 
 25 
 
 55 
 
 75 
 
 102 
 
 112 
 
 9121 
 
 231144 
 
 9153 
 
 15 168 
 
 I8I186 
 
 44 2.30 
 
 101240 
 
 To Wallace 
 
 M.\CON 
 
 Knoxville .. 
 Francisville 
 
 (394) Fr'm Athens to Dattton " ' 
 HuNTsviLLE, Ala. Motion :; 
 Via Rome & Gunter' s\ EWershe .... 
 
 J97) From .Milledge. 
 
 VILLE TO Columbus. 
 13 
 30 
 
 -Landing 
 
 To Gainesvil 
 (see No. 39 
 
 Cummings' 
 
 High Tower 
 
 Orange 
 
 Canton 
 
 Cassville .... 
 
 Rome 
 
 Missi(inaryStation 
 
 Ballnlay, Ala. .. 
 
 Gayjesville 
 
 Van Buren 
 
 Marshall 
 
 Claysville, (oppo 
 site Guiiter': 
 Landing) 
 
 Newhope 
 
 Columbus 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 16.._ 
 
 I6I124 
 
 From Macon to 
 Augusta. 
 
 43} 
 
 g I :To Wallace 
 
 go iMlLLEDGEVILLE. 
 
 qo Devereuux' Store. 
 
 Ill Sparta 
 
 jioi May Held 
 
 ,^ IWurrenton 
 
 Camac 
 
 -,156 
 9165 
 
 8183 
 18201 
 
 17 
 
 13 
 
 30 
 
 15 
 
 45 
 
 H 
 
 53 
 
 12 
 
 65 
 
 H 
 
 74 
 
 3i 
 
 77i 
 
 Georgia Railroad. 
 Augusta 147 J 1125 
 
 (399) From Macon to 
 Marietta. 
 
 5 206 
 
 HuNTsviLLE ....:2224r To Sfalling's Store 
 Forsytl 
 
 (395) From Milledge- " 
 VILLE TO Clarks- 
 ville, 
 
 'Barnes 
 
 Griffin 
 
 Stage. 
 
 V,a^^thens. l^.^y^eVteviile:;: 
 
 1 o Cloptonsville . 16 Barry ville .. . 
 
 (•'»'''."*'>" 10 26 Camphelltown, 
 
 ■Vl'V''*"" 20| 46 Howell... . 
 
 ^I'lem 10 56 Mill Grove....; 
 
 VVatkms ville 1 10, 66: Marietta ... 
 
 Macon S,- Western RR. 
 
 13 
 
 12 •' 
 
 lie. 
 
 57 
 
ROUTES IN FLORIDA. 
 
 179 
 
 (400) From Columbus 
 
 TO Charleston, 
 Via Macon &,- Jlitgusta. 
 
 ToEllerslie 
 
 Tiilbotton 
 
 ])n vision 
 
 Union 
 
 Francisville 
 
 Knoxville 
 
 Macon 
 
 Wiillace 
 
 MiLLEDGEVlLLK 
 
 Devereuux' titore 
 
 ypartu 
 
 AluyHeld 
 
 Wiirreiiton 
 
 Camac 
 
 Georgia Railroad. 
 
 9 11985 
 10^1209 
 10 1219 
 
 Thompson 
 
 Dearing 
 
 Burzelia 
 
 Bell Air 
 
 Augusta 
 
 Ferry. 
 Hamburg, S. C 
 
 South Carolina RR. 
 Charleston— I 1 
 
 Cseei\o.383) ..113(31356 
 
 (401) From Columbus 
 
 to Savannah, 
 
 Via Macon. 
 
 To Macon— 1 I 
 
 (seeJNo.400)...l | 94 
 Central Railroad. 
 
 Larksville — 
 
 Gordon 
 
 Kingston 
 
 Emmet 
 
 Dconee , 
 
 Tennille 
 
 Ditvisboro' .. 
 
 Depot 
 
 Iloicomb.... 
 
 Mi.lville 
 
 Brinsonville . 
 Scarboro' ... 
 
 Depot 
 
 Ilalcyondale 
 
 Armenia 
 
 Reform 
 
 Eden Depot . 
 Savannah . . 
 
 137 
 
 149 
 
 162 
 
 172 
 
 12184 
 
 oW 
 15204 
 10/214 
 10224 
 10234 
 
 41238 
 
 162n4 
 
 10 264 
 20 284 
 
 (402) From Columbus 
 to Madison. 
 
 Union Hill 
 
 Barnesville 
 
 Union vilie 
 
 Indian Spring; 
 
 Planter's 
 
 Monticelio 
 
 Shadydale 
 
 Madison 
 
 (403) From Columbus 
 
 TO Rome. 
 To Cataula . 
 Hamilton.... 
 
 Carlisle 
 
 La Grange. 
 
 Corinth 
 
 Watson's 
 
 Newnan 
 
 Lodi 
 
 Rotlierwood 
 Carrollton 
 
 Hickory Level — 
 
 Van Wert 
 
 Cedartown 
 
 Rome 
 
 14 
 7 21 
 
 14 35 
 12 47 
 
 15 62 
 
 7 7b 
 
 8 84 
 5 89 
 
 12 101 
 7 108 
 25 133 
 13146 
 10156 
 
 (404) From Columbus 
 TO Apalachicola. 
 Steamboat. 
 To Ft. Mitchell .. 
 (Jrwichee Bend... 
 M 'Cloud's Ferry . 
 Roanoke 
 
 EuFAULA 
 
 Ft. Gaines 
 
 Columbia 
 
 Woodville 
 
 Brown's Ferry ... 
 Chat'ahoochek 
 
 f )chessee 
 
 Prison Blutt" 
 
 loll 
 
 Ft. Gadsden 
 
 Apalachicola 
 
 11 
 
 21 
 U 
 
 18 
 25 
 30 
 13 
 15 
 28 
 
 9 193 
 20213 
 25238 
 20258 
 22I28O 
 
 (405) From MiLLEDGE 
 viLLE TO Tallahas- 
 see, Flor. 
 
 i Via Bainbridse. 
 
 (406) FromMilledge- 
 VILLE TO Columbia, 
 S. C. 
 
 Via Augusta. 
 
 To Devereaux' 
 Store 
 
 Sparta 
 
 May field 
 
 Warrenton .... 
 
 Camac 
 
 3i 
 Georgia Railroad. 
 
 ToEllerslie ... 
 Waverly Hall. 
 Blurt' Springs. . 
 
 l^ellevue 
 
 Pleasant Hill .. 
 Thoniaston. . . . 
 
 16 
 24 
 31 
 
 38 
 
 43 
 
 HI 54 
 
 To Wallace.... 
 
 Ma(()N 
 
 Husbayville.... 
 
 Perry 
 
 liimestone 
 
 .Marsha 11 ville... 
 Traveller's Rest 
 
 Americus 
 
 Starkville 
 
 [Palmyra 
 
 Albany 
 
 'Newton 
 
 Bainbridge ... 
 
 Q,uincy, Flor... 
 
 Salubrity. 
 
 I 13 
 
 17 30 
 
 nl 47 
 12 .59 
 
 8 67 
 3 70 
 17 87 
 171104 
 18122 
 71129 
 5134 
 20154 
 40 194 
 25 21't 
 10 220 
 
 Thompson 
 
 Hearing 
 
 Harzelm 
 
 Bell Air 
 
 Augusta 
 
 Ftrrt). 
 
 Hamburg, S. C. 
 Stuge. 
 
 Edgefield C. H. 
 
 Lott's 
 
 Ridge 
 
 Leesville 
 
 Lexington 
 
 Columbia 
 
 (407) Fr'm St. Augus- 
 tine to Tallahas- 
 see. 
 
 ToWhitesville (or 
 Garey's Ferry) . 
 
 Newnansville 
 
 Lancaster 
 
 Mineral Spring . 
 
 Columbus 
 
 XIadison 
 
 Marion 
 
 Lipona 
 
 Lake Laura 
 
 Tallahassee ... 
 
 (408) From Tallahas- 
 SEE TO Port Leon. 
 
 By Railroad I I 26 
 
 (409) From Tallahas- 
 see to Pensacola. 
 
 To Q,uincy 
 
 Chattahoochee . . . 
 
 Marianna 
 
 Webbville 
 
 Can)pl)ellton 
 
 Alrnirante 
 
 Milton 
 
 Floridatown 
 
 Pensacola 
 
 (410) From Pensacola 
 
 to Mobile, Ala. 
 To Blakely 
 Mobile — 
 
 il4l 74 
 
 (411) From Mobile to 
 Charleston. 
 
 To Blakely I M4 
 
 Tallahassee .. '112401 Stockton Il5l 23 
 
180 
 
 ROUTES IN ALABAMA. 
 
 Mt. Pleasant ....I 36 
 
 Claiborne i 18 
 
 Burnt Corn 2j 
 
 Greenville 57 
 
 Kirkviile i li;i76 
 
 Sandy Ridge .... 5! 181 
 Hickory Grove..: S'lSti 
 
 P'ntLala 1019B 
 
 Montgomery..! 13 209 
 
 West Point I 871296 
 
 Covington 107 403 
 
 Augusta 130 533 
 
 Charleston . . . 1371670 
 
 (412) Fr'm Mobile to 
 Montgomery. 
 Steamboat. 
 ToFt. St. Philip.! 
 
 Ft. Stodder '18 
 
 Tombiffbee liiver.l 5i 44 
 English's Landing! 9i 53| 
 
 21 
 
 18 39 
 5 44 
 
 13; 57 
 
 (414) From Mobile to 
 Columbus, Miss. 
 Steamboat. 
 To Ft. St. Philip . 
 
 Ft. ytodder 
 
 Alabama River .. 
 Mcintosh Bluff"... 
 Crawford's Land- 
 
 ing 11 68 
 
 Sunflower Bend.. 10 78 
 McMillan's Bluflf. I 7; 85 
 Shield's Ferry.... I 7| 92 
 
 St. Stephen's I 8100 
 
 felark's Landing . 12112 
 Coffekville....! 8120 
 lurner's Shoals. 
 Wood's Blurt... 
 Cades Landing.. 
 Nanafalia BluH". 
 Turkey Shoals .. 
 Mosc 
 
 13133 
 7140 
 10150 
 21171 
 1418,5 
 . 21 206 
 
 Tait's Landing.. t25i 78 ^Jemopolis '.'.".'.'.'. 14220 
 .lames' Landing.. 14 92 lusciilousa River. 2 222 
 
 French's Landing! 6; 98 
 Oliver's Ferry .... 9107 
 
 Gosport I 8115 
 
 Turkey 8hoals ... 13 128 
 Bell's Lnndiiig ...:15143 
 Lower J'each-tree. 9 l,:i2 
 Black Bluff- L'd'g 11 163 
 Upper Peach-tree. 13176; 
 
 Prairie Blu 
 
 Canton 
 
 Bridgeport 
 
 BogueChitto... 
 
 Portland 
 
 Centreport 
 
 King's Landing 
 
 Cahavvba 
 
 Selma 
 
 Frederick's Land 
 
 11187 
 10197 
 3 200, 
 12 212 
 5 217 
 3220 
 
 15 235 
 5 240 
 
 16 2 )6 
 265 
 
 Benton 120 285 
 
 13 298 
 
 9 307 
 10 317 
 9 326 
 12 338 
 
 Miller's Ferry 
 
 Vernon 
 
 Lowndesport... 
 Washington.... 
 Montgomery , 
 
 Buzzardroost Brft'282j0 
 
 Jones' Bluff'. 14 264 
 
 frussell's Land'g. 12276 
 
 Gaine.sville 7 283 
 
 Jamestown 12295 
 
 Vienna 10 305 
 
 l"airheld 15320 
 
 Ringo's Bluff".... 9^ 
 
 Pickensville : 9 338 
 
 Young's Bluff; I 
 
 ^Miss I 8346 
 
 Columbus 23369 
 
 (415) From Mobile to 
 New Orleans, 
 
 By Steamboat....! 1164 
 
 (416) From Mobile to 
 Pensacola. 
 
 To Blakely I ,14 
 
 Pensacola l60l 74 
 
 Shelby vijle | 71208 
 
 Fosterville !l3 221 
 
 Murfreesboro' 12 233 
 
 Stuartsboro' |14 247 
 
 BuchaiiansvilJe... 82-55 
 Nashville |12 267 ^ 
 
 (418) F'm Tuscaloosa « 
 TO Cortland. 
 
 To North port ....I I 
 New Lexington ..'23 „ 
 
 i^Wridge.. |28 52 
 
 Ihorn Hil! !22 74 1 
 
 Camp Spring 19 93 
 
 Woulton 10103 
 
 Cortland 16119 
 
 (419) F'M TU3CALOOSA 
 
 TO Columbus, Miss. 
 
 To Carrollton I I 43 
 
 Pickensville 11 ' oi 
 
 Nashville, Miss... 10 k>i 
 Columbus 16 79 
 
 (420) F'M TusrALoo.sA 
 TO Mobile. 
 
 To Demopolis— l I 
 
 (see No. 413) . . . ' 64 
 
 St. Stephen's 85' 149 
 
 Mobile -68 217 
 
 (421) F'm Tuscaloosa 
 TO Montgomery. 
 
 To Mars I \ 24 
 
 Scottsville 61 30 
 
 Centieville 8 oH 
 
 Randolpli '14! .n2 
 
 MaplesviJIe JO tij 
 
 Kingston 24 &; 
 
 Coosada 20106 
 
 Wetumpkn 4 HO 
 
 Montgomery ... 15125 
 
 (422) F'm Montgom'ry 
 TO Augusta, Ga. 
 , .„. „, „, I Via West Point. 
 
 ^^^n^.Vj^^^^^^^'H^Ioutsom^-ry and West 
 
 TO Nashville, 
 Via Uuntsville. 
 
 To Bucksville 
 
 Tonesboro' . . . 
 
 (413) From Mobile to 
 
 Tuscaloosa. 
 To Mt. Vernon... I i 33., .....e 
 
 NewWake.ield..20l53|Ei;t. 
 
 J>T. Stephen's . . ; 151 68 Mt. Pinson 
 
 <i!'fteeville !17! a5! Village Springs . 
 
 *^'"«v'''e • 22 I07J Blount.ville . . . 
 
 Dkmopolis 7!K3' Uuntsville lo U4 (^ee Ao. 387) ...25 
 
 Macon 8161 Mendi 
 
 Greensboro' 16 177 Hazel 
 
 ,15 1H2 Fayett 
 
 Point RR. 
 
 To Creyon's. 
 
 32'|Magruder's.. 
 
 Ill 43 I Ft. Decatur. 
 
 11 54 ! Uphaupee... 
 
 14 68 iCfiehaw 
 
 8 76! L ^ Stanre. 
 19 95 I Auburn ....t 
 
 10 1(15 Mt. Jefferson 
 14 119 <"iisseta 
 
 11 l;30 VVest P, 
 
 Havanna 
 
 Carthage 
 
 Tuscaloosa 
 
 iile. 
 
 8 152 
 6 
 
 258345 
 
 (423) FP...M MONTOOM- 
 
 lle, Tenn 16 174 *^*^ T" IUime, Ga. 
 
 2U0|| Lynchburg 15 189 To Wetnmpka. .. | 116 
 
 21<hFlat Creek 12 201 Rockford... ,'231 38 
 
ROUTES IN ALABAMA. 
 
 181 
 
 Sylacauga 23 61 
 
 Weewokiiville 
 
 Miirdisville 
 
 Talladega , 
 
 Kelly's Springs... 
 
 Fife's 
 
 Alexandria 
 
 Jacksonville.., 
 
 Ladiga 
 
 State Line, Ga. .. 
 
 Cave Spring 
 
 Vann's Valley 
 
 ROMK 
 
 84 
 90 
 9ti 
 18114 
 10 124 
 13137 
 15152 
 4156 
 5161 
 12173 
 
 (424) From Montgom- 
 ery TO UUNTSVILLE. 
 
 To Jacksonville— I I 
 (see No. 423)... I 124 
 
 Cove Creek 13137 
 
 Bennettsville 15 152 
 
 Aurora 10 162 
 
 Marshall 17179 
 
 Clays vilie 5184 
 
 Hunts viLLE 35 219 
 
 (425) F'm Montg'mery 
 TO Columbus, Miss. 
 
 f^ia Seima. 
 
 To Washington.. 
 
 Vernon , 
 
 Mulberry 
 
 Selma 
 
 Valley Creek 
 
 Hamburg 
 
 Marion 
 
 (ireeiisboro' 
 
 Erie 
 
 Eutaw 
 
 Springfield 
 
 Clinton 
 
 Pleasant Ridge... 
 
 Viennti 
 
 Pickensville 
 
 Nashville, Miss... 
 Columbus 
 
 1 10 
 lOl 30 
 13 33 
 18i 51 
 3 54 
 15 69 
 7 76 
 18: 94 
 13107 
 12119 
 3122 
 7jl29 
 l'l30 
 8,138 
 3141 
 10ll51 
 161167 
 
 (426) From Montgom- 
 ery TO Tuscaloosa. 
 
 To Wetumpka. 
 
 Coosada 
 
 Kingston 
 
 Maplesville 
 
 Randolph 
 
 Centreville 
 
 Scottsville 
 
 Mars 
 
 Tuscaloosa... 
 
 I 15 
 4 19 
 201 39 
 24! 63 
 10 73 
 14 87 
 8 9Jl 
 61011 
 24125 
 
 (427) From Montgom- 
 ery TO Mobile. | 
 
 To Pint Lala . . . 
 Hirkory Grove. 
 Siindy Ridge... 
 
 Kirkville 
 
 Greenville 
 
 13 
 
 10 23 
 
 5' 33 
 II 44 
 
 Burnt Corn 57101 
 
 Claiborne 25 12U 
 
 Mt. Pleasant 18 144 
 
 Stockton 36 ISU 
 
 Blakely 1.3,19; 
 
 Mobile 141209 
 
 Fr'm Montgomery to 
 
 Mobile. 
 
 Steamboat. 
 
 To Mobile— I I 
 
 (seeNo. 412) ...I IS 
 
 (428) F'm Montg'mery 
 TO Columbus, Ga 
 
 ToMt. Meigs.... 
 
 Cabaliachie 8 
 
 Cross Keys 9 
 
 Tuskegee 10 
 
 Society Hill 15 
 
 Cruwford 1151 70 
 
 Gerard 11 
 
 Columbus I 1 82 
 
 (429) From Selma to 
 huntsville 
 
 To Woodlawii . . 
 
 Piantersville 
 
 Maplesville 
 
 Montevallo 
 
 Shelby ville 
 
 Filyton 
 
 Huntsville— 
 (see No. 427) ... 90 17 
 
 (430) From Selma to 
 Greenville. 
 
 To Cahawba.. 
 
 Pleasant Hill 
 
 Farmersville 
 
 Bragg's 
 
 Miinningham 
 
 Greenville 
 
 5 14 
 
 9 23 
 
 8 31 
 
 6 37 
 12; 49 
 
 91 58 
 
 (431) From Selma to 
 
 Tuscaloosa. 
 To Valley Creek 
 
 Hrtmburg 
 
 Marion 
 
 Greensboro' 
 
 Havanna 
 
 Carthage 
 
 18 
 25 
 43 
 58 
 
 6i; 
 Tuscaloosa 17, 83 
 
 (432) F'm Huntsville 
 to Knoxville, Tenn. 
 To Newmarket, 
 
 Ala 
 
 Salem 
 
 Winchester 
 
 Hillsboro' 
 
 Hickory Creek . . 
 
 McMinnville 
 
 Rock Island 
 
 Sparta 13|1I0 
 
 Bonair i 61116 
 
 Railroad Plains .. 61122 
 
 Crossville | 61128 
 
 Bellville 20148 
 
 I'ost-oak Springs . 5 153 
 
 Kingston 
 
 Wood's Hill. 
 Campbell's Stat'n 
 Knoxville 
 
 7160 
 19179 
 
 6 185 
 15 200 
 
 (433) F'm Huntsville 
 TO Nashville, Tenn. 
 
 To Meridian ville. I 
 
 Hazel Green | 6 
 
 Fayetteville,Tenn 16 
 
 Mulberry 7 
 
 Lynchburg i 8 
 
 Flat Creek 12 
 
 Shelby ville 7 
 
 Fosterville 13 
 
 Murfreesboro' 12 
 
 |Stuartsboro' 14 
 
 iBuchanansville... 8 
 Nashville 12 
 
 (434) F'm Huntsville 
 TO Florence. 
 
 To Shoal Ford ...I 1 13 
 
 ■Athens |l2 25 
 
 Rogersville 23 48 
 
 Masonville jl4! 62 
 
 Florence I 9 71 
 
 (435) F'm Huntsville 
 TO Florence. 
 
 To Decatur I ! 31 
 
 Tuscumbin <S- Decatur 
 
 Hillsboro' .. 
 
 Cortliind 
 
 Leighton ... 
 Tuscumbia. 
 Florence . 
 
 ]2| 43 
 8 51 
 
 13 64 
 10 74 
 
 4' 78 
 
 (436) From Florence 
 
 TO Augusta, Ga. 
 To Masonville....! | 9 
 
 Rogersville 12 21 
 
 Athens 23 44 
 
 Shoal Ford 12 56 
 
 Huntsville 13 69 
 
 Ccibb's Store 12 81 
 
 Newhope 10| 91 
 
 Cottunville 
 ("laysville (upp. 
 Gunfer'sL'd'g) 
 
 Marshnll 
 
 Van Bnren 
 
 Galesville 
 
 Ballplay 
 
 Mis.«i()nury Stat'n 
 
 Ga :it;!]:o 
 
 Rome 12 IS2 
 
 CassviUe 17199 
 
 6104 
 .%10H 
 18 127 
 18 145 
 
 91154 
 
182 
 
 ROUTES IN LOUISIANA. 
 
 Canton 191218 
 
 Woodstock 13 231 
 
 Miirietta 12 2-4 a 
 
 Atlanta 23i26tJ 
 
 Georgia RR 
 Augusta— 
 
 CseeAo. 385) ... 1651 431 
 
 (437) F'm Florence to 
 Nashvillk, Teiin. 
 
 To Lawrenceburg 
 
 Mt. Pleasant 22 
 
 Colunihia 11 
 
 yprinsHill 12 
 
 Franklin 12 
 
 Good Spring 5 
 
 Nashville Il3!lll 
 
 (438) From Florence 
 TO Memphis, Tenn. 
 
 To Young's )i^ 1 
 
 Roads 
 
 Savannah 33 
 
 Combs' Store 4 
 
 Adainsvilie 4 
 
 Purdy ! 9 
 
 Rose Creek lOi V5 
 
 Bolivar 22l 97 
 
 Middleburg , 7104 
 
 Newcastle i 5|109 
 
 S'imerville 
 
 Whitehall 
 
 Oakland 
 
 Birch Pond 
 
 Morning Sun 
 
 Green Bottom... 
 Raleigh 
 
 11120 
 5125 
 5130 
 4134 
 8142 
 6148 
 7 loo 
 Memphis 10,165 
 
 (439) F'm Florence to 
 
 Columbus, Miss. 
 To Tuscumbia ... 
 
 Russellville 
 
 Tollgate 
 
 Pikeville 
 
 Moscow 
 
 Border Spring, 
 
 Miss 
 
 Columbus 
 
 (439J) Fr'm Florence 
 
 TO Paducah, 
 
 (Mouth of Tennessee 
 
 River.) 
 
 Steamboat. 
 
 To Savannah, I | 
 
 Tenn 65 
 
 Perrysville 581123 
 
 Reynoldsbnr^ ....'48jl71 
 Paducah, Ken.. 1051276 
 
 {K?" For distances on 
 the Mississippi, Ohio, 
 and Missouri Rivers, 
 see pages 
 
 (440) F'm N. Orleans 
 
 TO Natchez. 
 ToLaF:iyette. 
 Bonnet Carre... 
 
 Hringier's 
 
 iJonaldsonville . 
 
 Kew River 
 
 Iberville 
 
 Manchac 
 
 Baton Rouge... 
 
 Port Hudson 34146 
 
 St. Francisville...! 2148 
 West Fdiciana RR. ! 
 
 Camden 
 
 Pt. Coupee L'd'g. 
 Lit. Missouri Riv. 
 
 Dnlhisport 
 
 Manchester 
 
 Archideli'hia .. 
 
 221703 
 10715 
 26741 
 43 784 
 14 798 
 12 810 
 
 10 m 
 
 9 92 
 10102 
 10112 
 
 Laurel Hill 17 
 
 Woodville 11 
 
 Stage. I 
 
 Cold Spring 15 
 
 Natchez 120, 
 
 (441) F'm N. Orleans 
 TO Ft. Gibson, Ind. 
 Ter. 
 
 Steamboat. 
 To Napoleon, I | 
 (m. of Arkan- 
 sas River)....' ! 620 
 M'tgomery's Pt. 20 640 
 Post of Arkansas 45; 685 
 
 Pine Bluff 120| 805 
 
 Little Rock . 100 905 
 
 Lewisburg 65 970 
 
 Dardanelle 4511015 
 
 Spadra Bluff...' 301045 
 Morrison's Bluff, 61051 
 McLain's Bott. 151066 
 
 Ozark 101076 
 
 Van Buren 601136 
 
 Fort Smith... 91145 
 
 Fort Coffee 201165 
 
 Webber's Falls. 601225 
 Fort Gibson.. 401265 
 
 (4410 F'm N.Orleans 
 TO Opelousas. I 
 Steamboat. I I I 
 ToPlaquemine.. 117| 
 Opelousas |100|217 
 
 (442) F'm N. Orleans 
 to Archidelphia. 
 Ark. 
 
 Steamboat. 
 To Mouth of Red I 
 
 River 
 
 Trinity (Washita 
 
 River) 122 
 
 Harrisonburg 22 
 
 [Columbia 64444 
 
 iMonroe I 79,523 
 
 IBurk's Landing, i 
 
 I Ark 130653 
 
 j Reason's Land, .i 12665 
 Champagnole ... 8 673 
 iBeach Hills I 10683 
 
 :i=i8 
 
 (443) F'M N. Orleans 
 to Shreveport. 
 
 Steamboat. I 1 
 To Red River L'g' 236 
 
 Ale.\andria 84 320 
 
 Natchitoches 94 414 
 
 Shreveport — 861500 
 
 (444) F'm N. Orleans 
 TO Galveston, Tex. 
 
 By Steamboat I 1450 
 
 (445) F'm N. Orleans 
 TO Mobile. 
 
 Steamboat. I 1 
 To Pass Christian. 65 
 Mississippi City ..14' 79 
 
 Pascagoula 1 30 109 
 
 Mobile :55164 
 
 (446) F'm N. Orleans 
 TO Locopolis, Mi.ss. 
 
 Steamboat. I 
 
 To Mouth of Ya- | 
 
 zoo River |420 
 
 Satortia 52472 
 
 Yazoo City 21493 
 
 Tchula 157 550 
 
 Marion 33583 
 
 Locopolis !77i660 
 
 (447) F'm N.Orleans 
 TO Houston, Texas. 
 
 To Opelousas— I | 
 
 (seeNo. 44U) ..I 217 
 Buchanan's Ferry 90:307 
 
 Ballou's Ferry.... 
 
 m^ 
 
 Pattillos, Te.xas.. 
 
 3340 
 
 Beaumont 
 
 
 Liberty 
 
 501402 
 
 Houston 
 
 50!452 
 
 (448) F'm N. Ori 
 
 EA.N3 
 
 to Austin, Tie 
 
 vas. 
 
 Via J\ratchitoch 
 
 es. 
 
 Steamboat. 
 
 
 To Natchiyo- 
 
 
 
 CHES— 
 
 
 
 (see No. 443)... 
 
 
 414 
 
 FortJessnp 
 
 2o 
 
 4;^ 
 
 Lowe's Ferry .... 
 
 29 
 
 468 
 
 Sabine Town, 
 
 
 
 Texas 
 
 2 
 
 470 
 
 Milan 
 
 15 
 
 4R=> 
 
 San Augustine... 
 
 15 500 
 
 Nacogdoches... 
 
 •A->\^-i,i 
 
 Douglass 
 
 15550 
 
 Mt. Airy 
 
 10 
 
 560 
 
ROUTES IN TEXAS AND ARKANSAS. 
 
 183 
 
 Crockett 
 
 Cincinnati 
 
 Huntsville 
 
 Montgomery 
 
 Rusk 
 
 Fanthorp's 
 
 "VV\\^SHINGTON 
 
 Independence 
 
 Mt. Vernon 
 
 Shelby's 
 
 Rutersvilie 
 
 La Grange 
 
 Plum Grove 
 
 Mt. Pleasant 
 
 Bastrop 
 
 Webber's Prairie. 
 Austin 
 
 .37 597 
 
 15 W2 
 25tit;7 
 12 679 
 5 684 
 18 702 
 11 713 
 10 723 
 151738 
 191757 
 5762 
 91771 
 201791 
 11802 
 15817 
 18 835 
 
 (449") Fr'm Galveston 
 
 TO Washington, 
 
 Via Huuston. 
 
 To Houston I | 80 
 
 Myrtle Turf |30|110 
 
 Washington — \2o\ 145 
 
 (450) Fr'm Galveston 
 to Matagorda. 
 
 To San Louis .... 1 ! 28 
 
 Velasco Il2 40 
 
 Cedar Grove 25' 65 
 
 Matagorda 25i 90 
 
 (451) F'm Velasco to 
 Washington- 
 
 (454) Fr'm Galveston 
 TO Corpus Christi. 
 
 To Matagorda — 
 
 Texana 
 
 Victoria 
 
 Goliad 
 
 Corpus Christi 
 
 190 
 40130 
 241154 
 34:188 
 45:233 
 
 (455) F'm San Augus- 
 tine TO BONHAM. 
 To Shelby viile... | 20 
 
 Hillyar's 
 
 Klysian Fields 
 
 Marshall 
 
 Smithland 
 
 Hughes 
 
 Daingerfield 
 
 Weaver's 
 
 Boston 
 
 DeKalb 
 
 Savannah 
 
 Clarksville 
 
 Blossom Prairie... 
 
 Paris 
 
 Honey Grove 
 
 BoNHAM 
 
 18' 
 
 3(j 74 
 23 97! 
 15112 
 20132, 
 20152' 
 17,169: 
 14183 
 
 16199: 
 
 15 214: 
 
 15 229: 
 22 251 
 
 22 273 
 14 287 
 18 305 
 
 (456) F'm Little Rock, 
 TO St. Louis, Mo. | 
 
 55 
 
 Fort Smith I 5166 
 
 Kedron ^194 
 
 Miickey's Salt 
 
 Works 18,212 
 
 Fort Gibson.... 20 232 
 
 (458) F'm Little Rock 
 TO Fort Towson. 
 
 To CoUegeville... 
 
 Benton 
 
 Rockport 
 
 Raymond 
 
 Washington 
 
 Columbus 
 
 Paraclit'ta 
 
 Ultima Thule..., 
 
 Eagletown 
 
 Fort Towson . . 
 
 To Brazoria 
 
 Columbia 
 
 Orozimba 
 
 Big Creek 
 
 Richmond 
 
 San Felipe de 
 Austin 
 
 10' 28 
 10 38 
 10 48 
 15 03 
 
 35 98 
 9107 
 
 Travis 
 
 Cedar Creek 
 
 Washington.... 
 
 (452) F'M Matag 
 TO Austin. 
 
 To Preston 
 
 Peach Creek 
 
 13 
 11 
 14 
 
 OR 
 
 8 
 
 35 
 73 
 
 120 
 131 
 145 
 
 DA 
 
 40 
 48 
 60 
 90 
 125 
 
 198 
 
 Columbus 
 
 La Grange 
 
 Austin— 
 
 (see No. 448)..- 
 
 20115; 
 
 5120 
 15135 
 16151! 
 14 165 
 27 192 
 23 215 
 35 2501 
 4 254 : 
 4 258; 
 22 280; 
 122921 
 7 299, 
 9 3081 
 
 (453) F'm La Grange 
 TO San Antonio de 
 Be.xar. 
 
 To Gonzales ] 
 
 Seguin 35 
 
 San Antonio de 
 Be.var 135 
 
 :To Searcy C.H.. 
 
 Batesville 
 
 Reed's Creek 
 
 Smithville 
 
 ! Jackson 
 
 |Fourche De'Mas 
 
 Hicks' Ferry 
 
 (;ane Creek, Mo. 
 
 Greenville 
 
 Fredericktown . . 
 .Mine La Motte.. 
 
 Fariuiiigtoii 
 
 Caledonia 
 
 [POTOSI 
 
 ;01d Mines 
 
 Glenfinlas 
 
 Hillsboro' 10 318 
 
 Clifton 15 333 
 
 Knott's Sulphur, I 
 
 Sprhigs 4 337 
 
 Jetlersoii Barracks 11 348 
 
 Carondelet 5 3i3 
 
 St- Louis 6 359 
 
 (457) F'm Little Rock 
 i TO Fort Gibson. 
 
 To Lewisburg 
 
 iPt. Remove . 
 jDwight 
 
 Scotia 
 
 j Pittsburg — 
 
 Clarksville .. 
 iflorsehead... 
 I Ozark 
 
 Pleasant Hill 
 I Van Buren . . 
 
 ' 45 
 6 51 
 26 77 
 6 83 
 8 91 
 8' 99 
 12111 
 15126 
 121138 
 23I16I 
 
 ,132 
 25157 
 25182 
 10 192 
 47 239 
 
 (459) F'm Little Rock 
 to Napoleon. 
 
 To Pine Bluff....! 150 
 
 Richland 20 70 
 
 Arkansas Post... .47 117 
 
 Wellington 16133 
 
 White River j 6139 
 
 Napoleon 9148 
 
 (460) F'm Little Rock 
 TO Helena. 
 
 To Clarendon ....I 1 60 
 
 Lawrenceville 15| 75 
 
 Big Creek 28103 
 
 Helena 19122 
 
 (461) F'm Little Rock 
 TO Mouth ofWhite 
 River. 
 
 To Rock Roe.... I 
 
 Steam boat. 
 Mouth of White! 
 River I 
 
 462) F'm Little Rock 
 to Memphis, Tenn. 
 
 To Cache I l 60 
 
 Memphis I98ll58 
 
 (463) F'm Little Rock 
 TO Shreveport, La, 
 
 To Washington' 1122 
 
 Spring Hill j25147 
 
 Levvisville 26173 
 
 Belleview, La. ... 52 225 
 Shreveport 18 243 
 
 (464) F'm Little Rock 
 to Boston, Texas. 
 
 To Washington! |I22 
 
 Fulton 15 137 
 
 Boston |5oll92 
 
184 
 
 ROUTES IN MISSISSIPPI. 
 
 (465) Pr'm VanBuren 
 TO Jefferson City, 
 Mo. 
 
 To Fayetteville. . 1 I 5o' 
 
 Benton ville | 20 70 
 
 Springfield, Mo.. 100 170 
 Jefferson City. 401210; 
 
 (466) F'm Natchez to 
 Cincinnati. O. 
 
 Via Columbus, JVash- 
 
 vMe, A- Lezingtun. 
 Mississippi Railroad. 
 16 
 
 To Washington 
 Malcolm 
 
 GalJatin .... 
 Line Store . 
 Newtown .. 
 Jackson... 
 
 Canton 
 
 Sharon 
 
 Springfield . , 
 
 Ofahonia 
 
 Hopahka .... 
 
 Louisville | 37 
 
 Choctaw Agency, 25 
 
 ohoco 
 
 Columbus 
 
 Florence— 
 ^ (see No. 4 ) 
 Nashville— 
 
 (see No. 437) 
 Cincinnati— 
 
 (see No. 478).. ,'2911 760 
 
 (467) F'M Natchez TO 
 
 Maysville, Ky. 
 To Lexington 
 
 (^ee Nos. 466 & 
 
 Moreland..'".'.' 
 
 Paris 
 
 MilJersi.urg;;.'"" 
 Forest Retreat...! 
 Lower Blue Lick. 
 
 W'ly sLick 
 
 VVashington 
 
 M.4.YSVILLE.. 
 
 Montgomery .. 
 Franklin ...... 
 
 Lexington 
 
 Black Hawk .. 
 Carrollton . . . 
 
 (Grenada 
 
 Oakachickama 
 Coffeeville 
 
 117 
 ! Ill 1469 
 
 Ragsdale's Stand 
 Oxford .... 
 
 College Hill.;::: 
 
 Wyatt.. 
 Waterford. ::.■■■ 
 
 Holly Springs . . 
 N. Mt. Pleasant 
 
 Colliersville 
 
 Gennantown 
 
 21213 
 
 13 226 
 4,230: 
 
 14 244 
 16 2601 
 
 6 266 1 
 8 274i 
 10284 
 9293i' 
 .15 308 
 
 15 323 
 11334 
 
 676 
 
 Memphis ...!:::: 14 
 
 (470) Fr'm Vicksburg 
 TO Jackson. 
 
 ToBovina 1 1 13 
 
 Edwards' Depot.. 6 19 
 
 ,%'^o"s 8 27 
 
 V'"^"" 8 35 
 
 Jackson | 9, 44 
 
 (471) F'm Jackson to 
 Gainesville, Ala, 
 
 To Brandon... 
 Centennary Coll.: 
 Hillsboro' .. 
 
 County Line ::::" 
 
 Union 
 
 12 
 
 Herbert..::: 11 ™. 
 
 j^eKaib ::::2oio6 
 
 Gainesville .... 32138 
 (472) F'm Jackson to 
 
 Vicksburg. 
 
 VicksbuTs and Clinton] 
 
 Railroad. 
 
 9134 
 
 6 705 
 "713 
 
 12725 
 
 W33, 
 
 I 4I737 
 
 (468) F'M Natchez TO I 
 Louisville, Ky. 
 
 To Nash VILLE— 
 
 (see No. 466) .. 
 Louisville— 
 
 (see No.481),.|l8l!650 
 
 (469) F'm Natchez to 
 
 Memphis, 
 Via Jackson. Levins- 
 
 ton, ^ Holly Springs. 
 To Jackson— i | 
 
 (seeNo. 466) ...I llOO 
 Canton 23123 
 
 To Clinton 
 
 Bolton's 
 
 Edward's Depot! 
 
 Bovina 
 
 Vicksburg : 
 
 (473) F'm Jackson to 
 Natchez. 
 
 To Newton I 1 10 
 
 Line Store I12 22 
 
 ^'I'ltin 15 37! 
 
 Malcolm 33I 70 
 
 Mississippi Railroad. 
 
 Washington |14l 84 
 
 Natchez Ilylioo 
 
 (474) From Columbus 
 
 TO Natchez. | 
 
 To Chortaw Ag'yl I 24' 
 
 Louisville 25 49 
 
 Hopahka 37I ggi 
 
 Springfield 14100. 
 
 G""toii 118 1181 
 
 terz- IT' 
 
 (see No. 473) ..1100 241 
 (475) From Columbus 
 
 TO Memphis, Tenn. 
 Via Pontotoc d- UoUu 
 
 Springs. 
 To Waverly 
 
 Colbert.... :.;::■• g 
 
 Hamilton g 
 
 Aberdeen... 
 Cotton-gin Purt 
 
 Pontotoc 
 
 Cypress Creek.. 
 
 Waterford:::::' 
 
 Holly Springs 
 
 Memphis I53il87 
 
 (476) Fr'm Nashville 
 TO vVashington,D.C. 
 
 Via Knoxville. 
 To Green Hill. 
 
 Cedar Grove 
 
 Lebanon 
 
 Three Forks...: 
 
 Alexandria 
 
 Liberty 
 
 Smithville 
 
 Allen's Ferry... 
 
 Sparta 
 
 Bonair Springs. 
 Railroad Plains. 
 
 Crossville 
 
 Belleville 
 
 Post Oak Spring 
 
 Kingston 
 
 Wood's Hill 
 
 Campbell's Stat' 
 
 Knoxville 
 
 Academia 10 
 
 ^ in'sx; Roads.: 9 
 Kutledge 14' 
 
 114 
 
 25 
 32 
 45 
 50 
 57 
 67 
 73 
 
 6101 
 6107 
 20127 
 5132 
 7139 
 19158 
 164 
 179 
 
 198 
 
 9 221 
 4225 
 
 7:232 
 10 242 
 8250 
 3253 
 7260 
 9 269 
 6 275 
 9 284 
 
 Bean's Station 
 
 ReS'W.a;^":! 
 
 Rogersviile 
 
 Yellow Store... 
 Lyon's Store ... 
 New Canton . .. 
 
 Kingsport 
 
 Eden's Ridge... 
 Blountsville 
 Snplin Grove... „ „^ 
 Abingdon, Va..! 13 306 
 
 Ced.irville ; 7 313 
 
 Glade Sprinsr 5 318 
 
 Seven-mile Ford.. 
 
 Marion 
 
 Pleasant Hill ...:' 
 Rural Retreat . 
 Wytheville.... 
 Draper's Valley .. 
 
 i\evvbern ij 
 
 Ingle's Ferry . . . . ; 7 
 
 11329 
 6335 
 
 11316 
 7353 
 9362 
 
ROUTES IN TENNESSEE. 
 
 185 
 
 410 
 
 Christiansburg 
 La Fayette — 
 
 Salem 
 
 Bit; Lick 
 
 Lisbon 
 
 Liberty , 
 
 Otter Bridge.. 
 New London. 
 Lynchburg . 
 Charlottks- 
 
 VILLK 70 
 
 Fredericksb'rg 85 645 
 AquiiiCr'k L'd'g 14 659 
 Steamboat. 
 
 Alexandria 57l716 
 
 Washington 7i723 
 
 (477) From Nashville 
 TO Maysville, Ky. 
 
 To Glasgow — 
 (see No. 478) ... 
 
 Hiirrodsburg 
 
 Lexington 
 
 Maysville 
 
 9 16 
 10 26 
 24' 50 
 
 9' 59 
 13 72 
 12 84 
 
 92176 
 31207 
 61;268 
 
 (478) From Nashville 
 
 TO Cincinnati. 
 To Pleasant Hill.. 
 Heiidersonville ... 
 
 Gallatin 
 
 JState Line 
 
 ScottsviUe, Ky. .. 
 
 Lewis 
 
 Glasgow 
 
 BiueSpiingGrove|13 97 
 
 Three Springs [ 4101 
 
 Monroe ' 6 107 
 
 Greensburg 11 118 
 
 Campbellsville ... 12 130 
 
 Newmarket 12142 
 
 l^ebanon 6 148 
 
 Perry ville 18166 
 
 Harrodsburg .. 10176 
 Shuwnee Run....i 7183 
 
 Nicholasville 12195 
 
 Lexington 12 207 
 
 Delphton i 8 215 
 
 (ieorgetown 1 4 219 
 
 Williamstown. . . . 85 254 
 
 Crittenden 11 265 
 
 Florence 16 281 
 
 Covington I 9 290 
 
 Cincinnati I 1291 
 
 (479) From Nashi 
 to Maysville, 
 
 To Lexington— 
 (see No. 478) . . . 
 
 Moreland 
 
 IT 
 
 207 
 8215 
 
 8 230 
 6236 
 
 8244 
 
 4268 
 
 
 Millersbnrg 
 
 Forest Retreat.... 
 L,ower Blue Lick 
 
 May's Lick 
 
 Washington 
 
 Maysville 
 
 (480) From Nashville 
 Ky. 
 
 ! 65 
 12 77 
 30107 
 12119 
 16135 
 28163 
 
 351198 
 
 to SMITHLAND 
 
 Steamboat. 
 ToClarksville... 
 
 Palmyra 
 
 Dover 
 
 Tobaccoport 
 
 Cimton, Ky 
 
 Kddyville 
 
 Smithland, (ut 
 
 the mouth of 
 
 CumberI'd Riv. ) 
 
 (481) From Nashville 
 TO Louisville, Ky. 
 
 To Pleasant Hill.. ' 7 
 Mansker's Creek . ' 6 13 
 
 Tyree Springs 7 20 
 
 Mitchell vilie 14 
 
 Franklin 9 
 
 Bowling Green 22 
 Orippnig Spring.. 14 
 
 Three Forks 8 
 
 VVoodson ville.... 11 
 
 Mumtbrdsviile 10 
 
 Leesville 8 
 
 iNolen 12112? 
 
 Elizabethtown ... 10138 
 
 West Point 22 160 
 
 Salina 10170 
 
 Louisville 11 181 
 
 (482) From Nashville 
 TO Smithland, Ky 
 
 To Mt. Henry....! I 30 
 
 Fredonia 5 
 
 Clarksville Ill 46 
 
 Oak Grove 12' 58 
 
 Hopkinsville 14j 72 
 
 Cerulian Spring.. 16 
 
 Princeton 10 98 
 
 Fredonia 14112 
 
 Salem 10 122 
 
 Smithland 1513 
 
 (483) From Nashville 
 
 TO CoLUiMBUS, Ky 
 
 To Chesnut Grove 
 
 Charlotte 
 
 Batson's 
 
 Waverly 
 
 Reynoldsburg 
 
 Sandy Hill 
 
 Paris 
 
 Barren Hill 
 
 Boydsville 
 
 Feliciana 
 
 Clinton 
 
 Columbus 
 
 18 
 10 
 12 
 
 tt 
 
 19! 88 
 12100 
 
 7 10 
 13120 
 16 136 
 11147 
 12159 
 
 (484) From Nashville 
 TO Memphis. 
 
 hToREYNOLDSI 
 
 (see No. 483) 
 llCamtlen 
 
 '«l 
 
 !|l0l 79 
 
 Sandy Ridge 
 
 Huntingdon 
 
 Reullara 
 
 8187 
 111 98 
 7ia<i 
 
 S. Carroll 
 
 Sprmg Creek 
 
 Jackson . . 
 
 J 
 
 1 
 
 10 
 
 114 
 
 1^5 
 
 Medon 
 
 Bolivar 
 
 Middleburg 
 
 Newcastle 
 
 Somerville 
 
 Whitehall 
 
 Oakland 
 
 IS 
 
 19=) 
 
 Birch Pund 
 
 Morning Sun 
 
 Green Bottom 
 
 Raleigh 
 
 Memphis 
 
 199 
 
 207 
 
 230 
 
 (485) From Nashville 
 
 TO Natchez, 
 F'ia Columbus Sr Jack- 
 
 son. 
 To Good Spring.. 13 
 
 Franklin 
 
 Spring Hill 
 
 Columbia 
 
 Mt. Pleasant 
 
 Lawrenceburg . . . 22 
 Florence, Ala. .36 
 Tuscumbia. 
 
 Rusi^ellville 18 
 
 Tollgate 33 
 
 Pikeville il0|l77 
 
 Moscow 191196 
 
 Border Spr'g.Miss 15 211 
 
 42 
 53 
 75 
 111 
 5116 
 °134 
 167 
 
 171 
 
 24 252 
 
 25 277 
 37 314 
 
 8 322 
 
 6 328 
 11339 
 
 7 346 
 23 369 
 
 CoLUM 
 
 Choctaw Agency 
 
 liouisville 
 
 Hopahka 
 
 Ofahonia 
 
 Springfield 
 
 Sharon 
 
 Canton 
 
 Jackson 
 
 Natchez— 
 (see No. 473)... 100 469 
 
 (486) From Nashville 
 to Mobile, 
 
 Via Florence, ./]la., Sr 
 
 Columbus, Miss. 
 To Florence— i I 
 
 (see No. 485) .. Ill 
 Columbus— I 
 
 (see No. 48.5).. 117 228 
 Steamboat. I 
 Mobile i369 597 
 
 (487) From Nashville 
 TO Mobile, Ala. 
 
 Via HuvtsvUle £,' Tus- 
 caloosa. 
 To Murfreesboro'. I I 34 
 Fosterville 1121 46 
 
186 
 
 ROUTES IN TENNESSEE. 
 
 131 59 
 
 191 78 
 15 93 
 16109 
 6115 
 81123 
 10133 
 
 Shelbyville 
 
 Lynchburg 
 
 J'ayetteville .... 
 Hazel Green — 
 Meridianville. .. 
 
 HUNTSVILLE... 
 
 Whitesburg 
 
 Lacy's Springs. 
 
 Oleander 
 
 Martin's Stand . 
 
 Blountsville 
 
 Village Springs .. 19 
 
 Mt. Pinson 8 
 
 Elyton 14 
 
 Jonesboro' 11224 
 
 Bucksville 11235 
 
 Tuscaloosa 32 267 
 
 MOBILK— I 
 
 (see No. 420),.. 217 4&1 
 
 (4^) From Nashville 
 
 TO Charleston, S.C 
 
 Via Augusta, Ga, 
 
 To Murfreesboro 
 
 Millersbiirg 10 
 
 Beach Gruve 11 
 
 Manchester 13 
 
 Hillsboro' 8 
 
 Pelham 1 9 
 
 Battle Creek 25 
 
 Jasper I 4 
 
 Lookout Valley .. 21 
 Chattanooga 
 Rossville, Ga 
 
 Spring Place, 
 Ne^ " 
 
 Jew Echota 
 
 Cassville 
 
 Marietta 
 
 Atlanta... 
 
 Georgia Railroad. 
 Augusta 11651442 
 
 South Carolina RR. 
 Charleston... 11371579 
 
 (489) From Nashville 
 
 to Charleston, S.C. 
 
 Via Knoxville. 
 
 To Lebanon 
 
 Three Forks 
 
 Alexandria 
 
 Tiiberty 
 
 Smithville 
 
 Sparta 
 
 Honair Springs... 
 
 Crossville 
 
 Belleville..., 
 
 Postoak Springs.. 
 
 Kingston 
 
 Wood's Hill 
 
 Campbell's Stat'n 
 
 Knoxville 
 
 Dandridge 
 
 Newport jl8 
 
 Warm Springs, 
 
 N.C 27 
 
 Ashville 37 
 
 Henderson ville ... 19 
 Greenville, S. C. . 43 
 
 Columbia 105 
 
 Branchville SrCoLumbia 
 
 Railroad. 
 Branchville 1681527 
 
 South Carolina RR. 
 Charleston 1621589 
 
 (490) Fr'm Knoxville 
 
 to Raleigh. 
 To Strawberry 
 
 Plains 
 
 Newmarket 
 
 Panther Springs 
 Cheek's X Roads. Ill 48 
 
 Greenville 27 75 
 
 Rheutown ]10 85 
 
 Leesburg ilO 95 
 
 Jonesboro' 5100 
 
 Elizabethtown ... 18118 
 Moore's Iron I 
 
 Works '22140 
 
 Taylorsville...! 9149 
 Jefterson, N.C. ..1261175 
 
 Wilkesboro' '30 205 
 
 Hamptonville ....|26l231 
 
 ' 16 
 9 25 
 12 - 
 
 Kingstori 119 40 
 
 Hnntsville. 
 
 Salem 
 
 Greensboro' 
 
 Haw River 
 
 Hillsboro' 
 
 Chapel Hill... 
 Raleigh 
 
 18249 
 19 268 1 
 
 27 295' 
 23 318 
 19 337 
 12 349 
 
 28 377 
 
 (491) Fr'm Knoxville 
 
 TO Cincinnati, O. 
 ToBlain's><| R'ds 
 
 Rntledge 
 
 Beans' Station . . . 
 
 Tazewell 
 
 Cumberland Gap 
 Cumberland Ford 15 
 
 Barboursville 16 
 
 Lynn Camp |12 109 
 
 London 113122 
 
 Mt. Vernon 19141 
 
 Stanford 23 164 
 
 Lancaster I 8 172 
 
 Burnt Tavern 8 180 
 
 Nicholasville 12192 
 
 Lexington 112 204 
 
 Cincinnati— t 
 
 (see No. 478) ... 184 288 
 
 (492) Fr'm Knoxville 
 I TO Memphis, 
 } Via JVashville. 
 To Campbell's I ! 
 
 I Station I 15 
 
 Wood's Hill I 61 21 
 
 Postoak Springs.. 
 
 Belleville I 5 
 
 Crossville 20 
 
 Bonair Springs... jl2i 
 
 Sparta | 6' 
 
 Smithville 221 
 
 Liberty 10122 
 
 Alexandria 1 7 129 
 
 Three Forks 18147 
 
 Nashville 32 179 
 
 Memphis— I I 
 
 (see No. 483)... 230 409 
 
 (493) Fr'm Knoxville 
 
 TO HUNTSVILLE, Ala. 
 
 To Campbell's 
 
 Station 
 
 Kingston 
 
 Postoak Springs., 
 
 Belleville 
 
 Crossville 
 
 Bonair Springs.., 
 
 Sparta 
 
 Rock Island 
 
 iVIcMinnville 
 
 Hillsboro' 
 
 Winchester 
 
 Salem 
 
 Newmarket, Ala 
 HUNTSVILLE 
 
 90 I 
 12 
 22 I 
 
 2U0 
 
 (494) Fr'm Knox 
 TO Savannah, 
 
 To Campbell's 
 Station. 
 
 I'll 
 Ga 
 
 15 
 5 
 
 20 
 10 
 5 
 
 I 
 
 6 
 
 18 
 
 If 
 
 20 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 '? 
 
 R 
 
 .LE 
 
 15 
 
 Blains' Ferry 
 
 Philadelphia 
 
 Athens 
 
 Mantua 
 
 Calhoun. . 
 
 55 
 
 Cleveland 
 
 Pleasant Valley, 
 Ga.. 
 
 81 
 101 
 
 Spring Place 
 
 New Echota ... 
 Cassville 
 
 no 
 
 128 
 150 
 
 Marietta . 
 
 181 
 
 Campbellton 
 
 Barry ville 
 
 Fayetteville 
 
 York 
 
 Griffin 
 
 JMacon ^ Western 
 Forsyth 1 
 
 201 
 213 
 221 
 236- 
 243 
 R. 
 
 Macon 
 
 Central Railroi 
 Savannah 11 
 
 (495) Fr'm Knoxi 
 TO Charleston 
 To Marietta— 
 
 (see No. 494) . . . 
 Atlanta 
 
 25I293 
 
 id. 
 
 901483 
 
 HLLE 
 S.C. 
 
 181 
 
 23,204 
 
ROUTES IN TENNESSEE. 
 
 187 
 
 Georgia Railroad. 
 
 Augusta I16513b'9 
 
 S. Carolina Railroad. 
 Charleston. . . I137l50tj 
 
 (496) F'm Memphis to 
 Nashville. 
 
 ToRdleigh 
 
 Morning Sun 13 
 
 Oakliuul 12 
 
 Whitehiill 5 
 
 SOMERVILLE 5 
 
 Newciistle 11 
 
 Micldleburg 5 
 
 Bolivar 7 
 
 Jackson 28 
 
 S. Carroll 20 
 
 Huntingdon Iti 
 
 Cunuien 
 
 Revnoldsburg 
 
 Waverly 
 
 Charlotfe 
 
 Nashville 
 
 19 151 
 10161 
 9170 
 221192 
 38l230i 
 
 (497) F'm Memphis to 
 
 Columbus, Miss. 
 To Gernmntown . ; 14 
 
 Coliiersville 11 23 
 
 Holly Springs, 
 Miss 1281 53 
 
 Wuterford I 9' 62 
 
 Milton 5 67 
 
 Cypress Creek 16 83 
 
 Pontotoc |25 108 
 
 Cotton-gin Port ..139147 
 
 Aberdeen J2 159 
 
 Columbus I28il87 
 
 Florence, Ala. 
 
 
 To Bolivar— 
 
 
 (see No. 496) ... 
 
 68 
 
 Ruse Creek 
 
 ti ;h) 
 
 Purdy 
 
 10100 
 
 Adamsville 
 
 9109 
 
 Combs' Store 
 
 4113 
 
 Savannah 
 
 4 117 
 
 Young's X Roads 
 
 33 1.^0 
 
 Florence 
 
 15165 
 
 (499) F'm Memphis to 
 
 Charleston, S 
 
 .C. 
 
 To Florence— 
 
 1165 
 
 (see No. 498)... 
 
 Masonville 
 
 91174 
 
 Rogersville 
 
 12186 
 
 Athens 
 
 23 209 
 
 Shoiil Ford 
 
 12 
 
 221 
 
 Huntsville 
 
 13 
 
 234 
 
 Cobb's Store 
 
 12 
 
 24H 
 
 Newhope 
 
 10 
 
 256 
 
 i Cotton ville 
 
 (,'laysville (opp. 
 Gunter'sLM'g). 
 
 Marshiill 
 
 Van Buren 
 
 Gulesville 
 
 iBallplay 
 
 i Missionary Stat'n, 
 
 I Ga 
 
 [Rome 
 
 Cassville 
 
 Canton 
 
 Woodstock 
 
 Marietta 
 
 Atlanta 231431 
 
 Georgia Railroad. 
 Covington 
 
 Madison. 
 
 Greensboro' 
 
 Union Point .... 
 CrawfordvilJe ... 
 
 Camac 
 
 Berzelia 27 576 
 
 Augusta 20 596 
 
 Hamburg, S.C... I 1597 
 South Carolina RR. 
 
 Aiken 161613 
 
 Blackville 30 643 
 
 Branchville ,28 671 
 
 Somerville 40i711 
 
 Charleston .... I22i733 
 
DESCRIPTION OF THE WESTERN STATES, 
 
 THE PRINCIPAL CITIES, TOWNS, WATERING- 
 PLACES, &c. 
 
 KENTUCKY is situated between 36« 30' and 39«> 
 
 '♦. 10' N lat., and between 81" 50' and 89° 20 W. Ion, 
 
 Its length is> about 400 miles and itfe breadth 170 miles, 
 
 I containing 4U,5ou square miles. The population in 
 
 1840. was 779,828. 
 
 A tract from five to twenty miles wide, along the 
 
 yjl Ohio river, through the whole length of the state, is 
 
 ^ , hilly and broken, but has a fertile soil. The margin of 
 
 >W_^ the Ohio, for about a mile in width, consists of hot- 
 ,om lands, wliich are overflowed when the river is high. Between this 
 tract of hilly country, the more mountainous eastern counties, and Green 
 river, is a fertile tract, frequently denominated the garden of the state. 
 It is about 150 miles long, and from 50 to 100 wide. The soil is excellent, 
 the surface is gently undulating, and the forest growth black-walnut, 
 black-cherry, buckeye, paw-paw, sugar-maple, mulberry, elm, ash, cot- 
 ton-wood, while thorn, and an abundance of grape-vines. The country in 
 the southwest part of the state, between Green and Cumberland rivers, ia 
 called the "barrens." In 1800, the legislature of the state made a 
 gratuitous grant of this tract to actual settlers, under the impression that 
 it was of little value ; but it proves to be excellent grain land, and also 
 adapted to the raising of cattle and swine. Tlie whole state below the 
 mountains has at the usual depth of eight feet a bed of limestone, which 
 has frequent apertures through which the waters of the rivers sink into the 
 earth, causing some of them to disappear for a time, and others to be 
 greatly diminished in the summer season. The rivers have generally worn 
 deep channels in the calcareous rocks over which they flow. The preci- 
 pices formed by the Kentucky are in many places stupendous, presenting 
 perpendicular banks of solid limestone 300 feet high, above which is a 
 Bteep and diflicult ascent several times as high. In the southwest part of 
 tiie state, between Green and Cumberland rivers, are several remarkable 
 caves. One called the Mamvioth Cave, 130 miles from Lexington, on 
 the road to Nashville, has been explored for a distance of eight or ten 
 miles. 
 
 Ohio river, by its various windings, borders this state on the north for 
 637 miles. Cumberland and Tennessee rivers pass through its western 
 
STATE OF KENTUCKY. 189 
 
 part as they approach their entrance into the Ohio. Cumberland river 
 rises in the eastern part of this state. The Big Sandy is 250 miles long, 
 and, for a considerable distfince, forms tlie boundary between this state 
 and Virginia. It is navigable fifty miles for boats. The Kentucky river 
 rises in the Cumberland Mountains, and after a course generally through 
 a deep rocky bed, falls into the Ohio, seventy-seven miles above Louis- 
 ville. It is navigable for steamboats 60 miles to Frankfort. Licking, 
 Green, and Salt, are other considerable rivers. The Mississippi runs on 
 the western border of the state. 
 
 The first constitution was fornned in 1790, and the present one in 1799. 
 The governor is elected for four years by tlie people, and is ineligible for 
 the next seven. A lieutenant-governor is chosen at the same time, who is. 
 president of the senate, and who, in case of the death or absence of the 
 governor, succeeds to his duties. The senators are elected for four years, 
 one-quarter of them being chosen annually. Their number cannot ex- 
 ceed 38, nor can they be less than 24. The representatives are chosen 
 annually, and apportioned every four years among the counties according 
 to the number of electors. Every free white male citizen, who is 
 twenty-one years of age, and has resided two years in the state, 
 or in the coun;y in which he offers his vote, one year preceding the 
 election, has the right of suffrage. Votes are given openly, or viva voce, 
 and not by ballot. The judges of the several courts hold^their offices 
 during good behavior. 
 
 The colleges are as follows : Transylvania University, at Lexington ; 
 Centre College, at Danville ; St. Joseph's College, at Bardstown ; Au- 
 gusta College, at Augusta; Cumberland College, at Lebanon; Georgetown 
 College, at Georgetown ; Bacon College, at Harrodsburg ; and St. Mary's 
 College, in Marion county. There is a flourishing medical department 
 connected with Transylvania University, and a medical institution at 
 Louisville. There are in the state 120 academies and 1,000 common schools, 
 
 Kentucky was first explored by Daniel Boone, an enterprising hunter, in 
 1770. The first white family settled near Lexington, in 1775. The state 
 was admitted into the Union in 1792. 
 
 Frankfort, the capital of the state, is 22 miles WNW. Lexington, 51 
 E. Louisville, 102 SSW. Cincinnati, and situated on the right bank of 
 Kentucky river, 60 miles above its entrance into Ohio river, on a semi- 
 circular alluvial plain, from 150 to 200 feet lower than the table-land in 
 the rear. The river is here about 80 yards wide, and after heavy rains 
 frequently rises 60 feet. The city contains a state- house, with a hand- 
 some Grecian Ionic portico in front, a court-house, the state penitentiary, 
 a bank, an academy, a market-house, a theatre, five churches, various 
 manufacturing establishments, and 2,000 inhabitants. The streets are 
 regular, and the houses are neat, and many of them elegant. Steamboats 
 of 300 tons come up to this place when the water is high. The banks of 
 the river here are high, and a chain bridge crosses it to the flourishing 
 village of South Frankfort, which may be regarded as on appendage. 
 Cars leave daily for Lexington ; stages daily for Louisville ; 3 times a 
 week for Harrodsburg ; and for Madison, la. 
 
 Lexington is situated on a branch of Elkhorn river, 84 miles from Cin- 
 cinnati. It is the oldest town in the state, and was formerly the capital, 
 and is one of the neatest and best built places in the western states, is 
 regularly laid out, and many of the streets are bordered with fine shade- 
 trees, and its environs are ornamented with gardens and elegant resi- 
 dences. There is a public square near the centre of the place, surrounded 
 
190 STATE OF KENTUCKY. 
 
 by fine brick buildings. The city contains a court-house, a Masonic-haU, 
 one of the finest buildings in the state, the State Lunatic Asylum, ten 
 
 churches, two academies ^ 
 
 the daliri of Transylvania '^^^WS^ff'y^^rf^^ram 
 University, and 8,000 in- 
 habitants. Transylvania 
 University was founded in g^J^g; 
 1798, and has a classical, 
 medical, and law depart- 
 ment. It has a president 
 and 18 professors or oilier 
 instructors, and 513 stu- 
 dents. The classical department has 295 students, the law 78. and the 
 medical 260; in all 513. The libraries contain 12,'242 volumes. The com- 
 mencement is on the third Wednesday in August. The city is more 
 celebrated for its intelligent and polished society, and as an elegant place 
 of residence, than for the bustle of business. The country around the 
 city is one of the most fertile districts in the Union. Cars leave daily for 
 L-ouisviile via Frankfort. Stages leave daily for Wheeling, Va., via 
 Maysville, and Zanesville, O. ; 3 times a week for Cincinnati ; for Knox- 
 ville, Tenn., via Cumberland Gap; and for J^ashville, Tenn., via Har- 
 rodsburg and Bowling Green. 
 
 Covington is situated on the left bank of the Ohio, opposite to the 
 city of Cincinnati, with which it is connected by a steamboat ferry. J 
 It has a city-hall, 7 churches, 4 academies, a bunk, 26 tobacco manu- 
 factories, and 4,000 inhabitants. The Western Baptist Theological Insti- 
 tute is located here. Steamboats ply hourly to Cincinnati ; stages leave 
 3 times a week fur Lexington. 
 
 Newport is at the junction of the Ohio and Licking rivers, and opposite 
 (he city of Cincinnati. It contains a court-house, an academy, two 
 churches, a United States Arsenal, and 1,000 inhabitants. The Jllag- 
 nesian Springs are on the borders of the village, where there is a fine hotel, 
 and they are much frequented by the citizens of Cincinnati. 
 
 Maysville is situated on the left bank of the Ohio river, on a narrow 
 bottom, which lies between the shore and hills in its rear, 441 miles below 
 Pittsburg, and 55 above Cincinnati by the river. It is refrularly laid out, 
 and contains 3 churches, one academy, and 2,741 inhabitants. It has a 
 good harbor for boats and enjoys an extensive trade. Steamboats arrive 
 from, and depart daily for Pittsburg, fVheeling, <$-c. ; and for Cincinnati, 
 J^ttuisville, ($-c. (See route 620.) Stages leave daily for J^eiington via 
 Blue JAck Springs ; and for Zanesville, O. ; 3 times a week for Lexing- 
 tun via Flemingsburg and Mount Sterling. 
 
 Augusta, on the left bank of the Ohio, 17 miles below Maysville, has 
 a court-house, two churches, and 800 inhabitants. Augusta College, 
 under the direction of the Methodists, was chartered in 1822 ; ii has a presi- 
 dent, 4 professors or other instructors, 75 students, and 2,500 volumes in its 
 libraries. (See route 620.) 
 
 The Blue Lick Springs are on the Licking river, 37 miles from Lexing- 
 ton and 24 from Maysville. These waters have obtained a just celebrity, 
 and the locality of the fountains is much frequented, not only for the 
 benefit produced by the use of the waters, but for the enjoyment of the 
 scenery of this beautiful region. Stages leave daily for Lexington and for 
 Maysville. 
 
 Georgetown is situated on the left bank of the Elkhorn river, 12 mile* 
 
STATE OF KENTUCKY, 
 
 191 
 
 from Lexington. It eontiiins a court-house, a bank, two churches, an 
 academy, and 1,600 inhabitiiiUs. Georgetown College, under the direction 
 of the Biiplists, was founded in 1829 ; it has a president, five professors, 132 
 students, iind 3,200 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is on the 
 last Thursday in June. 
 
 Great Crossings is 3 miles from Georgetown, where is the Choctaw 
 Academy, under the patronage of liie government. It has a principal 
 and several teachers, and 70 Indian students. There is an excellent white 
 sulpliur spring near the academy. Stages leave Georgetown three times a 
 week for Cincinnati ; and for Lexington. 
 
 Harrodsburg is situated eight miles south of Kentucky river, on a 
 small branch of Salt river, thirty-one miles south of Frankfort. It was 
 one of the earliest settlements in the state. It contains a Presbyterian 
 and a Methodist church, a bank, an academy, and 1,500 inhabitants. 
 Here is located Bacon College, founded in 1836, which has a president 
 and seven professors or other instructors, 203 students, and 1,200 volumes 
 in its libraries. The commencement is on the last Friday in September. 
 The Harrodsburg Springs are much frequented ; the waters possess 
 highly medicinal properties, and the accommodations for visitors are 
 ample. Tlie grounds in the vicinity, and especially the drives through the 
 primitive forest, are exceedingly picturesque. Stages leave daily in the 
 watering season for Cincinnati via Lexington. 
 
 Danville, situated on a small branch of Kentucky river, 41 milea 
 from Frankfort, contains a court-house, four churches, the Kentucky 
 Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb, tiie buildings of Centre College, two 
 academies, and 1,500 inhabitants. Centre (IJollege, founded in 1822, has 
 a president, 4 professors, 185 students, and 4,000 volumes in its libraries. 
 The commencen)ent is on the Thursday after the third Wednesday in 
 September. Stages leave 3 ti/nes a week fur Lexington. 
 
 Bardstown is situated on a branch of Salt river, 40 miles southwest 
 from Frankfort. It has a court-house, 2 churches, 1 academy, and l.-'iOO 
 inhabitants. St. Joseph's College, in the vicinity, was founded in 1819. 
 It has a president, ten professors, 69 students, and 7,000 volumes in its 
 libraries. Stages leave 3 times a week for Lexington ; for Frankfort ; 
 and for Louisville. 
 
 Louisville is situated on the left bank of the Ohio river, at the head 
 of the rapids, 633 miles below Pittsburg and 1,411 above New Orleans. 
 It is built on a gentle acclivity, 75 feet above low-water mark, and regu- 
 larly laid out, the streets crossing each other at right angles. It con- 
 tains a city-hall, court-house, a marine hospital, a medical institute, city 
 prison, an hospital, 2 orphan asylums, a Magdalen asylum, 26 churches, 
 three banks, two savings banks, four insurance companies, four markets, 
 a school for the blind, 18 public schools, 50 select schools, and 30,000 in- 
 habitants. Water-works are in course of construction to supply whole- 
 some water, and the city is lighted with gas. — This city is the seat of 
 most of the commercial and manufacturing business of the state and con- 
 
192 STATE OF KENTUCKY. 
 
 tiguous territory. There are 300 steamboats constantly engaged in trans- 
 porting to and from tiie city, besides numerous flat and keel bouts. Tiie 
 Louisville Medical Institute, founded in 1837, has six professors and 242 
 students. The lectures commence on the first Monday in November. 
 The Kentucky Historical Society lias a large collection of manuscripts 
 and books. The Mercantile Library has a library of 3,500 volumes, and 
 an Agricultural and Horticultural Society is established. — The rapids at 
 this place are caused by a bed of limestone extending across the bed of the 
 river, over which the waters pass in tortuous channels for a distance ot 
 two miles, descending 24 feet; to obviate this bar to navigation, a canal 
 lias been constructed sufficiently capacious to admit the passage of the 
 largest boats. Steamboats arrive frum, and depart daily fm- Pittsburg via 
 Cincinnati, Maiisvillt, Gwyandutte, Va., and fVheclins : for St. I^ouis, 
 Mo. ; and for J\''ew Orleans via Smithlavd, Memphis, Tenn., Vicksburg, 
 Src. (See route 620.) Stages leave daily for Maysville via Frankfort 
 and Lexington ; for Cincinnati, O. ; for St. Louis via J^ew Albany, la., 
 Vincennes, 6rc. ; and for JVashville, Tenn., ii,-c. 
 
 The Drennon Lick Springs are about 25 miles north from Frankfort, 
 and one mile from Kentucky river. The waters of the several springs 
 differ in their properties, and have been found highly beneficial to persona 
 using them. The accommodations are ample. Steamboats arrive from, 
 and depart daily for Cincinnati, Louisville, and Frankfort. 
 
 Cloverport is situated on the left bank of the Ohio river, 114 miles 
 below Louisville. It has two churches, an academy, and 400 inhabitants. 
 Four miles distant from Cloverport are the Sulphur and Tar Springs. 
 There are here two commodious hotels and a number of cottages. The 
 sulphur waters are said to equal the White Sulphur of Virginia in their 
 medicinal properties, and the Tar water has been found most salutary in 
 pulmonary complaints. Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for 
 Cincinnati and Louisville. 
 
 Glasgow is pleasantly situated 123 miles southwest from Frankfort, 
 on a small branch of Green river. It contains a court-house, 3 churches, 
 an academy, and about 500 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times a week for 
 Lexington, and for JVashville, Tenn. 
 
 BovvLiNR Green is situated on a branch of Green river, and at the 
 head of steamboat navigation, 144 miles southwest from Frankfort. It 
 contains a court-house, an academy, a female seminary, 5 churches, and 
 1,500 inhabitants. Tobacco is largely exported. Stages leave for Mays- 
 ville ; for Cincinnati ; for Louisville ; for Smithland ; for Columbus ; 
 for Hickman; and for JVashville, Tenn. 
 
 Smtthland is situated on the Ohio river, immediately below the mouth 
 of Cumberland river, 447 miles by water below Cincinnati, and contains a 
 court-house, 3 churches, an hospital, and about 1,000 inhabitants. Steam- 
 boats arrive from, and depart daily for Cincinnati, fVheeling, ($-c. ; and 
 forJVew Orleans, St. Louis, <S-c. (.See route 620.) Steambouts leave for 
 JVashville ; stages 3 times a week forMaysville via BowlingGrcen and Lex- 
 ington; and. also for JVashville, Tenn. 
 
 Columbus is situated on the left bank of the Mississippi river, 18 miles 
 below the entrance of tiie Ohio river, and has several extensive ware- 
 houses, and about 800 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times a week for Lex- 
 ington via, Bowling Green, and for JVashville. 
 
 IliCK.MAN is on the left bank of the Mississippi river, 15 miles below 
 Columbus, and contains a court-house, 2 churches, and about 50U iuhabi 
 turns. Stages leave 3 times a week for JVashville. 
 
STATE OF INDIANA. 
 
 193 
 
 ^(.u.sm n... ...,,. ]>,£)! v^A lit'. beivMen 37>-^ 45' and 41" 5'2 N. lat. 
 
 and lietween 84^ 4-i' and 87"^ 49' VV. Ion It has a 
 mean length ot 'itiO, and a mean bre.idth ot 140 miles, 
 (oiitaiiiins 31), (MM) square indes. The population in 
 lf<40, was aH5,8(Ui. 
 
 There are no nIOuntaln^ in thi-. state, but the country 
 boidering on the Oliio is hilly. A range of hills runs 
 p:irallel with the Ohio, from the mouth of the Great 
 Minmi, to Blue river, niternately approaching to 
 within a few rods, and receding to the distance of two miles. Below 
 Blue river the hills cease, and there is an immense tract of level land, 
 covered with a heavy growth of timber. Bordering on all the principal 
 streams, except the Ohio, are strips of bottom and prairie land, from 
 three to six miles in width. Remote from the rivers the country is broken, 
 and the soil ligiit. Between the Wabash and Lake Michigan, the country 
 is generally level, interspersed with woodlands, prairies, lakes, and swamps. 
 On the shore of Lake Michigan are sand-hills 210 feet high, back of 
 which are sandy hillocks, with a growth of pine. The prairies bordering 
 on the Wabash have a soil from two to five feet in depth. 
 
 The Ohio river washes the entire southern border of this state, and 
 furnishes great facilities for trade. The Wabash is the largest river in the 
 Btate, being 500 miles in length. It rises in Ohio, and passes westwardly 
 and southwestwardly through the state, forming its western boundary for 
 a distance of 120 miles. It is navigable for steamboats to La Fayette, 
 300 miles, a part of the year. White river, 200 miles long, is its largest 
 branch, and is navigable on its west fork for steamboats to Indianapolis, 
 in seasons of floods. It consists of an east fork and a west fork, which 
 unite about 30 miles above its junction with the Wabash. The White 
 Water river runs in the eastern part of the state, and enters the Great 
 Miami. Lake Michigan touches this state on the northwest. 
 
 The governor is elected by the people for three years, and may be once 
 re-elected. At every election of governor, a lieutenant-governor is elected, 
 who is president of the senate, and discharges the duties of the governor, 
 in case of his death, resignation, or removal. The senators and represen- 
 tatives are apportioned among the counties according to the number of 
 white male inhabitants over 21 years of age. There can never be fewer 
 than .% nor over 100 representatives : and the number of senators can 
 never be less than one-third, nor more than one-half the number of the repre- 
 gent.itives. The representatives, and one-third of the senators, are elected 
 annually by the people. The legislature meets annually in December, at 
 Indianapolis. The judges of the supreme and circuit courts are appointed 
 for the term of seven yciirs. The judges of the Supreme Court are ap- 
 pointed by the governor, with the consent of the senate ; the chief justices 
 
194 STATE OF INDIANA. 
 
 of the circuit courts by the legislature ; and the associate judges by the 
 people. Tlie right of suffrage is enjoyed by all male citizens over 21 years 
 of age, who have resided in the state the year preceding the election. 
 
 The literary institutions are: Indiana University, at Bloomington; 
 Hanover College, at South Hanover; Wabash College, at Crawfords- 
 ville ; the Indiana Ashbury University ; the University of Notre-dame-du- 
 lac, at South Bend ; Franklin College, at Franklin ; and St. Gabriel 
 College. There are 60 academies and 1,600 common schools in the state, 
 
 Indiana was admitted into the Union as an independent state in 1816. 
 
 Indianapolis, the capital of the state, is situated on the left bank of 
 the west fork of White river, at the head of steamboat navigation, and 122 
 miles from Cincinnati. An elegant bridge crosses the river at this place. 
 It was selected for the capital of the state while it was covered by a dense 
 forest, and laid out in 1821. On a circular area, from which spacious 
 streets diverge, stands the governor's house on a rise of ground in the 
 centre. It is a handsome edifice. The State 
 House is one of the most splejidid buildings 
 in the west. It is 180 feet long by 80 feet 
 ^^' wide and 45 high, with an appropriate dome, 
 r^ It is built after the model of the Parthenon 
 ■'v at Athens, with a portico on each front, 
 S- having ten Doric columns, and has elegant 
 V^ halls for the two houses of the legislature, a 
 -^P court-room, and rotunda. The city con- 
 ' r^^ ^^ ^^ ^y^'. tains a court-house, the state prison, deaf 
 and dumb asyium, lunatic asylum, ten churches, a female institute, a 
 seminary, and 3,000 inhabitants. Stages in connection with railroad 
 cars leave daily for Madison. Stages leave daily for Cincinnati ; for 
 Wheeling, Va., via Dayton, O., Colunibmf, and Zanesville; and for St. 
 Lonis via Tcrre Haute; 3 times a week for Cincinnati via Lawrence- 
 burg ; for Vevay ; for J^Tew .Albany ; for Fredonia ; for Covington ; 
 for La Fayette ; for South Bend via Logansport ; and for Fort Wayne 
 via Muncie and Winchester. 
 
 Lawrenceburg is beautifully situated on the right bank of the Ohio 
 river, one mile below the entrance of the Great Miami river. It contains a 
 court-house, 4 churches, a seminary, and 1,500 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 
 times a week for Cincinnati, O. ; for Madison ; and for Indianapolis. 
 
 Madison is situated on the north bank of Ohio river, 8!) miles below 
 Cincinnati, by the river. The village is built on ground above the reach 
 of the highest floods. The streets are regularly laid out, and several of 
 them paved ; and it has a wharf for the landing of steamboats. It ia 
 handsomely built, mostly of brick, and has a court-house, market-house, 
 ten churches, a bank, with a neat edifice, a savings bank, and about 
 4.000 inhabitants. In the rear of the village are hills 250 feet high, 
 which afford a delightful prospect. Steamboats arrive frovi, and depart 
 daily for Pittsburg and the intermediate places, and also for J^ew Orleans. 
 Cars arrive from, and depart daily for Indianapolis ; stages leave three 
 times a week for Frankfort, Ky. ; for Cincinnati ; and for Louisville. 
 
 New Albany is situated on the right bank of the Ohio river, two miles 
 below the foot of the falls, and 140 below Cincinnati. It is the largest 
 place in the state, and contains a court-house, a bank, nine churches, a 
 male and a female seminary, a lyceum, a theological college, 4 schools, 
 and 4,500 inhabitants. The streets are regularly laid out, and are from 
 70 to 100 feet wide. Here are extensive shipyards, where are built an- 
 
STATE OF INDIANA. 
 
 195 
 
 iiitl nitrogen gas. 
 
 nually from ten to fifteen steamboats, besides sloops and schooners. 
 Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for the ports on the 0/iio and 
 Mississippi rivers. (See route 620.) Stages leave dai.lp for St. Louis 
 via Vincennes ; 3 tijites a week for Indianapolis ; and for Madison. 
 
 Evans viLLE is situated on the right bank of Ohio river, at the great 
 northern bend, 3:23 miles below Cincinnati by the river. It has an elevated 
 situation, and contains a brick court-house, a bank, ten churches*, an 
 academy, several extensive ^^^^'^^^^^^M^^^^. 
 factories, and 2,500 inliabitants.|^^ 
 The Pigeon Springs are one mile| 
 west from Evansville. The water*! 
 
 contain muriate of soda, bicarbon | 
 
 ate of iron, bicarbonate of mag-=^=^^^ 
 nesia, carbonic acid gas, carbureted hydrogen 
 
 Tiiey are aperient, alterative, diaplioretic, and diuretic. The accommoda- 
 tions are ample, and the vicinity affords much sport in fowling and fishing. 
 Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for all the principal places 
 on the Ohio river. Stages leave 3 times a week for Vincennes. 
 
 Bloomington is situated at the head of a small branch of White river, 
 49 miles from Indianapohs. It contains a court-house, five churches, 
 the buildings of the Indiana University, an academy, and 1,700 inhabi- 
 tants. The Indiana University has a president, five professors, 174 stu- 
 dents, and 2,000 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is on the 
 last Wednesday in September Stages leave 3 tiines a week for In- 
 dianapolis ; for JV( tt7 ALbanii ; for Terre Haute ; and for Crawfordsville. 
 
 Vincennes lies on the letl bank of Wabash river, 197 miles from its 
 entrance into the Ohio. It has a fertile prairie of several thousand acres 
 on the north, east, and south. It is the oldest town in the state, having 
 been established as a trading post by the French in 1730. It contains a 
 brick court-house, a bank, a seminary, a female school, conducted by the 
 Sisters of Charity, 6 churches, a public library of 1,600 volumes, and 
 2,000 inh.abitants, one-fiftii of whom are of French descent. St. Gabriel's 
 College was established in 1841, and has a president, five professors, and 
 75 students. Steamboats ply on theriver. Stages leave daily for J\r. Albany ; 
 and for St. Louis, Mo. ; 3 times a week to Ttrre Haute and to Evansville. 
 
 Terre Haute is situated on beautiful high ground, on the left 
 bank of the Wabash, 73 mdes west from Indianapolis. The National 
 road here crosses the river on a fine bridge. The town contains a brick court- 
 house, six churches, a bank, a market-house, a seminary, and 2,000 in- 
 habitants. It is a flourishing place, and commands the trade of an ex- 
 tensive and fertile country. Stages leave daily for Indianapolis ; for 
 St. Louis ; for Shawneetown ; and for Danville, III. 
 
 Crawfordsville is situated 
 from Indianapolis. It contams, 
 a court-house, 7 churches, the 
 buildings of Wabash College, a 
 seminary, and about 2,000 m 
 habitants. Wabash College was 
 founded in 183,5, and has a piesi 
 dent, four professors, 128 stu 
 dents, and 4,500 volumes in its 
 libraries. Stages leave 3 timef 
 a week for IvdiannpoHs ; and 
 
 far Peoria ; twice a week for LatujjUte andf 
 
 ute 524.) 
 
196 
 
 STATE OF MICHIGAN. 
 
 La Fayette lies on the left bank of the Wabash river, at the head of 
 steamboat navigation, 310 miles from its mouth by the river. It contain* 
 a court-house, a bank, an academy, 7 churches, and 2,000 inhabitants. 
 The Wabasli and Erie canal connects this place with Lake Erie. Stages 
 leave 3 times a week for Indianapolis ; and for Logansport. 
 
 LoGANSPoRT is situated on Wabash river, at the junction of Eel river, 
 7-2 miles from Indianapolis. It contains a court-house, an academy, seven 
 churches, and about 2,000 inhabitants. A fine bridge here crosses the 
 Wabash, and another Eel river. The Wabash and Erie canul passes 
 through it, and it is well situated for manufacturing purposes, possessing 
 a fine water-power. Stages leave 3 times a iceek fur Indianapolis ; three 
 times for Miles via South Bend ; and for I^a Payette. 
 
 Fort Wayne is beautifully situated on the south side of Maumee river, 
 ft is incorporated as a city, and contains a court-house, five churches, 
 four academies, and about 2,000 inhabitants. The Wabash canal con- 
 nects it with Lake Erie, and it is surrounded by a rich and fertile country. 
 Stages leave twice a week for Indianapolis and for South Bend. 
 
 South Bend is pleasantly situated on a high blutF, on the south side of 
 St. Joseph river, and has a great water-power. It is 137 miles north 
 of Indianapolis, and contains a brick court house, four churches, and 
 1,000 inhabitants. The University of Notre-dame-du-lac was established 
 here in 1844, under the direction of tlie Roman Catholics. It has a 
 president, several professors, and 05 students. Stages leave three times 
 a week for Indianapolis ; for Detroit, Mich., and for Michigan City. 
 
 MicHiQAN City is situated on the south shore of Lake Michigan, at 
 the mouth of Trail creek, and was laid out in 1835. It is the only lake 
 harbor in the state, and the location is well adapted for trade. It contains 
 a bank, three churches, and about 700 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times a 
 week for JViles, Mich. ; f<rr South Bend; and for Chicago, III. 
 
 ICHIGAN consists of two peninsulas, and con- 
 -^J} tarns about 66,000 .squitre mile?. Its population in 1840 
 F|^ was 212,267 ; in 1845, ,304,285. 
 ■yl-) The surface of the lower or southern peninsula is 
 
 generally level, having few elevations which may be 
 denominated hills. The interior is gently undulating, 
 rising gradually from the lakes to the centre of the 
 peninsula- This central region may be regarded as a. 
 table- land, elevated about 300 feet above the level of 
 the lakes, covered with fine forests of timber, oak plains, and beautiful 
 prairies. Along the eastern shore of Lake Michigan, are sand-hills 
 thrown up by the winds into fantastic forms, generally quite barren and 
 nuked. The part lying between Lake Huron and Saginaw bay ia low 
 
STATE OF MICHIGAN. 19? 
 
 and swampy. No part of the United States is better supplied with fish. 
 aquatic fowl, and game. 
 
 Of the northern peninsula, Mr. Schoolcraft says — "Portions of it are 
 the mere development of sublime scenery, which pertains to that com- 
 paratively elevated portion of the continent. Mountains and hikes, plains, 
 rivers, and forests, spread over it with a boldness of outline which may be 
 said to constitute almost a peculiar type of North American geography. This 
 division embraces the mineral region. It is of little value for the uses of 
 agriculture. The interior abounds in small lakes. On the shore of Lake 
 Superior are several large bays and good harbors. Recent explorations 
 Iiere, have discovered immense deposifes of rich copper ore. — On the 
 southern shore of Lake Superior is a series of lofty bluffs, and isolated 
 rocks, having the appearance of ruins, ^ 
 tottering walls, and caverns. Im Chapelle,* 
 or the Arched Rock, is a beautiful speci- 
 men of this character, as are the Pictured 
 Rocks, &.C. There are also several pic- 
 turesque cascades. 
 
 The southern peninsula of Michigan is 
 drained by several large rivers, and numer-! 
 ous smaller streams, which, rising in tin 
 interior, puss olT in easterly, westerly, and'^ 
 northerly directions into the lakes. Raisin and Huron rivers flow into 
 Lake Erie; Rouge river, into Detroit strait; (Jlinton and Black rivers, 
 into the strait of St. Clair. Saginaw river, formed by the junction of 
 Titibawassce, Hare, Shiawassee, Flint, and Cass rivers, enters Saginaw 
 bay. Thunder Bay and Cheboigan rivers, and some smaller streams, fall 
 into Lake Huron. St. Joseph, Grand, Kalamazoo, and Maskegon rivers flow 
 into Lake Michigan. Many small lakes of pure water, stocked with fish 
 of fine quality, are found in the interior. Michigan lake is the largest 
 wholly witliin the United States, being .360 miles long and 60 broad. 
 
 Tfie governor and lieutenant-governor are chosen at the same time, for 
 two years, by the people. The senators are chosen for two years, one- 
 half of them annually, and their number must be one third that of the 
 representatives. The representatives are chosen annually, and their 
 number cannot be less than 48, nor more than 100, and are, with the 
 eenators, apportioned among the counties according to the number of 
 white inhabitants. The judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by 
 the governor, with the advice and consent of the senate, for the term of 
 seven years. Judges of inferior courts are elected by the people for four 
 years. Every white male citizen over 21 years of age, who has resided 
 six months next preceding an election in the town where his vote is offered, 
 has the right of suffrage. The legislature meets annually at Detroit. 
 
 The Michigan University, at Ann Arbor, has departments of literature, 
 ecience, law, and medicine ; and has several academic branches situated 
 in most of the principal towns in the state. St. Philip's College, near 
 Detroit, is a Catholic institution. There are 25 academies and 1,000 com- 
 mon schools. 
 
 The French built a fort and made a settlement at Sault St. Marie in 
 1647, and subsequently at Mackinaw. By the treaty of peace between 
 Great Britain and France in 1763, this country came into the possession 
 of the English. The post at Detroit was resigned to the United States 
 by the English in 1790. In 1805 this state was erected into a distinct 
 territory and in 1836 admitted into the Union. 
 
198 
 
 STATE OF MICHIGAN. 
 
 . ^f- 
 
 j^?s«9i 
 
 -=^^ 
 
 DtiKOiT, tlip npitfil of tlif ^tnto, h ploi^antly -ituated on the nglit 
 bank ot tlip Detroit htriit, >-e\(n mik^ below Lake St Clair and 18^ 
 above tlie west end ot Lake Erie, and, by steamboat route, ^27 milea^ 
 from Buffalo. The site is a plain 30 feet above the river, sloping gentljr. 
 to the water, and the city extends for the distance of a mile along the^ 
 stream and three fourths of a mile back. The streets are regularly laij 
 out, though not all crossing at right angles, a part of them diverging from, 
 a large area, and forming noble avenues 200 feet wide. There are severalj 
 public squares, of whicli Campus Martius is the principal. The city con-i 
 tains the State-house, from the dome of which a fine view is obtained o^ 
 the city and vicinity, the City-hall, a market-house, 11 churches, foutj 
 banks, a United States Land-office, 3 markets, a theatre, a museum, au 
 public garden, government magazine. Masonic-hall, two orphan asylums,^ 
 several literary and scientific societies, three female institutes of a high] 
 order, and also several for boys, and 10,000 inhabitants. Detroit is amonffi 
 the earlier settlements of North America, having been founded by tba, 
 French from Canada, in 1G83. It is admirably situated for trade, and iS| 
 becoming a great commercial emporium. The first steamboat arrived at, 
 Detroit in August, 1818 ; now, numbers arrive and depart daily during,^ 
 eight months of the year. Cars arrive from, and depart daily f(r^, 
 Kalamazoo via Ann Arbor, Jackson, and JMarshall ; thence stages to Stti' 
 Joseph's ; and also for Pontine ; thence stages to Saginaw. Stages leave, 
 daily for Toledo, O. ; three times a loeek for Port Huron, and to Howell fj 
 thence to Grand Rapids via Lyons. Stcimboats for Buffalo, J\r. Y., via^ 
 Sandusky, O., Cleveland and Erie, Pa. ; for Chicago, III., via MackA 
 inaw, Milwaukee, &c. (See routes 547 and .548.) 
 
 Monroe is situated on the right bank of the Raisin river, two alid A 
 half miles from its entrance into Lake Erie, and 37 miles from Detroit. 
 It contains a court-house, two banks, a United States Land-office, sevea 
 churches, a branch of the University of Michigan, two academies, a, 
 reading room, and library of 1,500 volumes, several manufacturing es^ 
 tablishments, and 2,000 inhabitants. Cars leave daily for Hillsdale^ 
 via Adrian, thence stages to JN'iles ; stages daily for Toledo, O., and /of*' 
 Detroit. 
 
 Ann Arbor lies forty miles west from Detroit, on both sides of Huroi| 
 river, which divides it into the upper and lower towns. It is regularl^ 
 laid out on elevated ground, and contains a court-house, bank, .6 churches^ 
 several mills, factories, &c., and 2,500 inhabitants. The University of 
 Michigan, founded in 1837, has 3 professors, 75 students, 5,000 volumes io 
 its libraries, and a choice museum, embracing the collections of the state 
 geologists, &c. Cars arrive from, and depart daily for Detroit, and for 
 Kalamazoo, &c. Stages leave 3 times a week for Howell. 
 
 Ypsilanti is situated on both sides of Huron river, and contain* 
 four churches, an academy, several mills and factories, and about 
 1,500 inhabitants. The river here affords good water-power. Car* 
 
STATE OF MICHIGAN. Id9 
 
 arrive from, and depart daily for Detroit, and for Kalamazoo, Stages 
 leave daily for Jldrian. 
 
 Adrian is prettily situated on the right bank of the Raisin river, 
 67 miles from Detroit. It has a court-house, four churches, an acad- 
 emy, several manufacturing establishments, and 2,500 inhabitants. Cars 
 arrive from, and depart daily for Toledo, O. ; for Monroe, and for 
 Hillsdale — thence stages to J^iles. Stages leave daily for Detroit via 
 Ypsi/anti. 
 
 Jackson is situated 79 miles west from Detroit, on the right bank of 
 Grand river. The village contains a court-house, four churches, the 
 state penitentiary, a branch of Michigan University, a seminary, and 
 about 2,000 iuliabitants. There is a fall of eight feet in the river 
 here, aifordins an extensive water-power, already employed in mills, 
 factories, &c. Cars arrive from, and depart dail/j for Detroit, and 
 for Kalamazoo. Stages leave three times a week for Jldrian and for 
 Centreville. 
 
 Marshal!, is pleasantly situated on the right bank of Kalamazoo 
 river, at the confluence of Rice creek, 113 miles west from Detroit. It 
 contains a court-house, four churches, a bank, an academy, several mills 
 and factories, and 2,000 inhabitants. Cars arrive from, and depart 
 daily for Detroit, and fur Kalamazoo. Stages leave 3 times a week for 
 Centreville. 
 
 Kalamazoo is situated on the left bank of Kalamazoo river, 146 miles 
 west from Detroit, and contains a court-house, a bank, a United States 
 Land-office, three churches, a branch of the University of Michigan, 
 the Huron Literary Institute, and about 1,500 inliabitants. Cars arrive 
 from, and depart daily for Detroit. Stages leave daily for St. Joseph's; 
 three times a week for JV/lcs ; for Mottville ; and for Allegan. 
 
 St. Joseph is situated on the left bank of St. Joseph's river, at its en- 
 trance into Lake Michigan, 200 miles west from Detroit. It is one of the 
 most important places on the west side of the state, has a good harbor, 
 and commands a pleasant view of the lake. It contains a court-house, 3 
 churches, a bank, and 700 inhabitants. Steamboats arrive from, and 
 depart daily for Chicago. Stages leave daily in connection with railroad 
 cars for Detroit. Stages leave daily for Chicago via Michigan City ; 
 and three times a week for J^Tiles. 
 
 Mackinac is situated on the southeast extremity of an island of the 
 same name, and contains a court-house, two churches, a school of the 
 American Board of Foreign Missions, a Roman Catholic missionary 
 school, a branch of the University of Michigan, and 500 inhabitants. Fort 
 Mackinac stands on a rocky eminence, 1.50 feet immediately above the 
 village, which it commands. The harbor is safe and spacious, capable of 
 accommodating 150 vessels. Over 3,000 barrels of trout and white-fish 
 are annually exported, and it is tlie seat of an extensive fur-trade. (See 
 route 203.) 
 
 Grand Haven is situated on the left bank of Grand river, at its en 
 trance into Lake Michigan. It is one of the best harbors on the east 
 shore of the lake, and contains a court-house, two churches, an academjr 
 and about 700 inhabitants. (See route 548.) 
 
 Sault de St. Marie is situated on a pleasant elevation on the right 
 bank of St. Mary's strait, at the foot of the rapids, and contains a court- 
 house, 3 churciies. Fort Brady, the trading house of the American Fur 
 Company, and about 1,000 inhabitants. Vessels come up to the foot of 
 the rapids. 
 
200 
 
 STATE OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 Ff 
 
 ILLINOIS )ie» betuetn JT-" and 4 J-" 30 .N lat., 
 and between «7° 17' and 91° 50' W. Ion. It is 350 
 miles long and 180 broiid, containing 50,000 square 
 miles. Population in 1840, 476,183. 
 
 The surface of tlie state is generally level. It has 
 no mountains, though the northern and southern 
 parts are hilly and broken. The portion of the state 
 south of a line from the mouth of the Wabash to the 
 mouth of the Kaskaskia, is generally covered with 
 timber, but north of this the prairie country predominates. The eye 
 sometimes wanders over immense plains covered with grass, with no 
 other boundary of its vision but tlie distant horizon, though the view is 
 often broken l)y occasional woodlands. The dry prairies are generally 
 from 30 to 100 feet higher than the bottom-lands on the rivers, and very 
 fertile. A range of bluffs commences on the margin of the Mississippi, a 
 short distance above the mouth of the Ohio, and extends north beyond 
 the Des Moines rapids, sometimes rising abruptly from the water's edge, 
 but generally a few miles distant from it, leaving between the bluffs and 
 the river a strip of alluvial formation of inexhaustible fertility. The 
 banks of the Illinois and Kaskaskia, in some places, present sublime and 
 picturesque scenery. 
 
 The Illinois is the largest river in the state. Fox and Des Flames 
 rivers, its two largest branches from the north, rise in Wisconsin, and, 
 with Kankakee river from Indiana, form the Illinois, which, after a course 
 of 400 miles, enters the Mississippi, twenty miles above the ftlissouri. It 
 is navigable a distance of about 250 miles. Rock river rises in Wisconsin, 
 and after a course of 300 miles, mostly in Illinois, empties into the Mis- 
 sissippi. The Kaskaskia rises near the middle of the state, and after a 
 southwesterly course of 250 miles, enters the Mississippi 63 miles below 
 the Missouri. It is navigable for boats 150 miles. The Wabash forms a 
 part of the east boundary. The Little Wabash, after a course of 130 
 miles, enters the Wabash a little above its junction with the Ohio. 
 Peoria lake, through which the Illinois river flows, about 150 miles 
 from its mouth, is a beautiful sheet of water twenty miles long and two 
 broad. 
 
 The governor is elected by the people for four years, but is eligible only 
 four years in eight. A lieutenant-governor is elected at the same time, 
 who is president of the senate, and in case of the death, resignation, 
 or absence of the governor, discharges his duties. The senators are 
 elected for four, and the representatives for two years. The repre- 
 sentatives can never be less than 27, nor more than 36, until the in- 
 habitants exceed 100,000. The number of senators can never be leas 
 than one-third, nor more than one-half the number of representative*. 
 The judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the joint-ballot of both 
 
STATE OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 201 
 
 houses of the legislature, and hold their offices during good behavior. 
 The right of suffrage is universal. All white male inhabitants, 21 years of 
 age, who have resided within the state six months preceding an election, 
 have the right to vote. 
 
 The literary institutions are: Illinois College, at Jacksonville, founded 
 in 18-29; Shurtleff College, (Baptist,) in Upper Alton, in 1835; McKen- 
 dree College, (Methodist,) inXebanon, in 1834; McDonough College, at 
 Macomb, in 1837. There are in the state 50 academies and J ,300 common 
 schools. 
 
 Illinois was admitted into the Union as an independent state in 1818. 
 
 Springfield, the capital of the state, is situated 95 miles from St. 
 Louis, and near tiie centre of the state. It lies four miles south of 
 Sangamon river, on the border of a rich and beautiful prairie. It was 
 laid out in 182-2, and in 1823 contained but 30 families, living in log cabins. 
 It now contains a state-house — an elegant edifice — a court-house, a 
 market-house, a bank, a United States Land-otHce, eight churches, three 
 high schools, several extensive manufactories, and 4,005 inhabitants. 
 Cars leave daily for Mercclusia — thence, in stages to Qiiiiicy. Stages 
 leave daily for St. Louis, and for Chicago via Peoria and Ottawa ; three 
 times a week for La Fayette, la. ; for Tcrre Haute ; for Shawneetown 
 via Vandalia and Salem ; fur Burlington, lo., via Rushville ; for Lewis- 
 town ; and for Bloomington. 
 
 Jacksonville is situated on elevated ground, in the midst of a delight- 
 ful prairie, which is fertile and well cultivated, 33 miles from Springfield. 
 It contains a spacious court-house, a market-house, a lyceum, a Me- 
 chanics' Association, two academies, seven churches, several manufac- 
 tories, and 2,500 
 inhabitants. It is 
 the seat of Illinois 
 College, founded 
 in 1829, which has; 
 a president, and, 
 in its academical^ 
 and medical de- 
 partments, 8 pro- 
 fessors and 96 stu- 
 dents. There are 2,500 volumes in its libraries, and it has a very com- 
 plete philosophical and chemical apparatus. The commencement is on 
 the last Thursday in June. Cars leave daily for Springfield and for 
 Meredosia. 
 
 Alton is situated on the left bank of Mississippi river, two miles above 
 the mouth of Missouri river, 21 miles below the mouth of Illinois river, 
 and twenty miles from St. Louis. It is regularly and handsomely laid 
 out, and contains a bank, a lyceum. a Mechanics' Association, six 
 churches, a number of schools, and about 2,000 inhabitants. As a com- 
 mercial city its advantages are very great. It has the best landing for 
 steamboats on the east bank of the Mississippi. A flat rock, level with 
 the surface of the ground, forms an excellent natural wharf Timber, 
 freestone, limestone, and bituminous coal exist in great abundance near 
 the town. Steamboats ply to St. Louis and to all the principal ports 
 on the Mississippi, Ohio, Illinois, and Missouri rivers. (See routes 
 JSTos. 594, 620, 621, and 622.) Stages leave for Vincennes via Carlyle ; 
 and for .lacksonville. 
 
 Kaskaskia is situated on the right bank of Kaskaskia river, 142 miles 
 9* 
 
 ISs3£'5sjLjv- 
 
202 STATE OF lLLIx\OIS. 
 
 from Springfield, and seven from its junction with the Mississippi. It has 
 a court-house, a United States Land- office, a churcli, a nunnery and 
 female boarding-school, and 1,000 inhabitants. It was settled by the 
 French about lt)83, and its inhabitants are now mostly of French descent. 
 (See route 621.) Stages leave for St. Louis, Mo., and for Vincennes, 
 la., via Salem. 
 
 Sha.\vneeto\vn is situated on the right bank of Ohio river, ten miles 
 below the mouth of the Wabash river, and 195 from Springfield. The 
 bank of the river has a gradual ascent, but not sufficient to prevent inun- 
 dation in extreme liigh floods. The town has a bank, a United States Land- 
 office, two churches, and 1,000 inliabitants. It was laid out in 1814, and 
 is one of the most commercial places in southern Illinois. Stages leave 3 
 times a week for Vincennes, la. ; for Springfield via Salein ; for St. 
 Louis, Mo. ; and for Cape Girardeau. 
 
 Vandalia, formerly the capital of the state, is situated on the right 
 bank of Kaskaskia river. It is regularly laid out, with streets crossing 
 each other at right angles. It contains a court-house, a United Slates 
 Land-office, two churches, several manufacturing establishments, and 
 800 inhabitants. The national road extends to this place. Stages leave 
 daily for St. Louis, Mo., and for Terre Haute, la.; 3 times a week for 
 Springfield ; and also for Shawneetown. 
 
 Peoria is beautifully situated on the right bank of Illinois river, at the 
 outlet of Peoria lake, and 70 miles from Springfield. The fir^t bank of 
 the river gradually rises from six to twelve feet above high-water mark, 
 and extends back a quarter of a mile from the river to the second bank, 
 where it rises five or six feet, forming a terrace extending back to the 
 bluflTs, which are from 60 to 100 feet high, by a steep ascent, and present 
 from their summit an extensive and beautiful prospect. The town con- 
 tains a court-house, an academy, six churches, several factories, and 
 1,500 inhabitants. Stages leave daily for Chicago via Ottawa ; and also 
 for St. Louis via Springfield ; three times a week for Burlington, lo. ; 
 for Galena via Dixon ; for Madison, fVis. ; and for Indianapolis. 
 Steamboats on the Illinois river. (See route 504.) 
 
 Chicago is situated on the SW. shore of Lake Michigan, at the head 
 of lake navigation. The city is built on a level prairie, handsomely ele- 
 vated above the water, and lies on both sides of Chicago river, between 
 the junction of the north and south branches, and three-fourths of a mile 
 from its entrance into the lake. By the construction of piers, an 
 artificial harbor has been made at the mouth of the river. The city con- 
 tains the county buildings, a United States Land-office, eight churches, 
 an academy, and 11,000 inliabitants. Back of the town, for three or fovtf 
 miles, is a fine, elevated, and fertile prairie, and to the north, along the 
 lake shore, are exten-iive bodies of fine timber. Numerous steamboats 
 and vessels ply between this place and Buffalo, and the intermediate 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 
 
 203 
 
 places on the upper lakes. It i3 admirably situated for trade, and the 
 rapidity of its growtli is unparalleled. Stenmhoatti run to Buffalo, JST. Y., 
 and the intermediate places. (See route 203.) Stages leave daily for St. 
 Louis via Joliet, Ottaica, Peoria, and Springfield ; for Galena ; also in 
 icinter for Detroit, Mich. ; 3 times a week for Galena via Dixon; for 
 Milwaukee, 6,-c. 
 
 Galena is pleasantly situated on Feve or Bean river, 158 miles from 
 Chicago, and is the metropolis of the great lead-region. It is si,\ miles 
 above the mouth of the river, which is navigable to this place at all stages 
 of the water for the largest steamboats. The town contains 5 churches, 
 an academy, and about 2,000 inhabitants. It was tirst .settled in 1826. 
 In 1841, 22,000,000 pounds of lead were produced in its vicinity, and the 
 manufacture of copper is also growing into importance here. Stages 
 leave dailt/ for Chicago ; 3 times a week for Springfield via Dixon and 
 Peoria ; for Rock Island City ; for Madison, Wis. ; for Prairie du 
 Chien; and for Dubuque, lo. 
 
 Rock Island City, situated on the left bank of the Mississippi river, 
 just above the entrance of Rock river, contains a court-house, 2 churches, 
 and about 1,000 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times a week for Peoria; 
 for Dixon ; for Iowa City ; and for Dubuque, 
 
 MISSOURI is situated between 36° and 40° 36' N. 
 lat , and between 89'^ and 93= 30' W. Ion. It is 287 
 mile>. long, and 230 broad, containing 64,000 square 
 mdes,. In 1840 the population was 383,702. 
 
 This state presents a great variety of surface and 
 soil Alluvial or bottom land is found on the margin 
 of the rivers ; receding from them the land rises, in 
 some places gently, and in others very abruptly, into 
 elevated barrens or rocky ridges. In the interior, bot- 
 tom>. and barren'^, n iktd hills and prairies, heavy forests and streams of 
 waiec, iiiaj ulte.i be bccU at one view, presenting a diversified and beau- 
 tiful landscape. The southeast part of the state has a very extensive 
 tract of low marshy country, abounding in lakes, and liable to inunda- 
 tion. Back of this, a hilly country extends as far as the Osage river. 
 This section is rich in minerals. The lead-region covers an area of more 
 than 3,000 square miles. In St. Francis county is the celebrated " Iron 
 Mountain," elevated ."^00 feet above the surrounding plain, and is a mile 
 and a half across its summit, and has 80 per cent of its mass pure iron. Five 
 miles distant is the Pilot Knob, 300 feet high, and with a base a mile and a 
 half in circumference, of the same species of rich ore. Between the Osage 
 
204 STATE OF MISSOURI. 
 
 and Missouri rivers, is a tract of country very fertile and agreeably diver- 
 sified with woodland and prairie, and abounding with coal, salt, &c. 
 The country north of the Missouri is emphatically "the garden of the 
 West." There is no part of the world where a greater extent of country 
 can be traversed more easily, when in its natural state. The surface 
 for the most part delightfully undulating, and variegated, sometimes 
 rising into picturesque hills, then stretching away into a sea of prairie, oc- 
 casionally interspersed with shady groves and shining streams. 
 
 The Mississippi winds along the entire eastern boundary of the state, for 
 a distance of 400 miles, and receives in its course the waters of the Great 
 Missouri, which, indeed, deserves to be regarded as the main stream. 
 Through the central and richest part of the state, the Missouri rolls its im- 
 mense volume of water, being navigable four or five months of the year 
 for steamboats, 1,800 miles from its entrance into the Mississippi. The 
 La Mine, Osage, and Gasconade on the south, and the Grand and 
 Chariton on the north side, are navigable tributaries of the Missouri. 
 Maramec river runs through the mineral district, is a navigable stream, 
 and enters the Mississippi eighteen miles below St. Louis. Salt river, 
 which is also navigable, enters the Mississippi 85 miles above the Mis- 
 souri. The White and St. Francis drain the southeast, and the tributaries 
 of Neosho, the southwest part of the state. 
 
 The constitution of the state was formed in 1820. The governor 
 is elected by the people for four years, but is ineligible for the next suc- 
 ceeding four years. A lieutenant-governor is chosen at the same time, 
 and for the same term, who is president of the senate. Every county is 
 entitled to send one representative, but the whole number can never 
 exceed 100. The senators are elected every four years, one-half retiring 
 every second year; and their number can never be less than 14, nor more 
 than 33, chosen by districts, and apportioned according to the number of 
 free white inhabitants. The elections for senators and representatives are 
 held biennially in August. The legislature meets once in two years in the 
 month of November, at Jefferson City. Every white male citizen over 
 21 years of age, who has resided one year in the state, and three months 
 in the county in which he offers his vote, has the right of suffrage. The 
 judges of the Supreme Court and the chancellor are appointed by the gov- 
 enor, with the consent of the senate, and hold their offices during good 
 behavior, or until 65 years of age. 
 
 The literary institutions are as follows : The University of St. Louis, at 
 St. Louis ; St. Mary's College, at Cape Girardeau ; Kemper College, near 
 St. Louis; Masonic College, near Palmyra ; Missouri University, at Co- 
 lumbia ; St. Charles College, at St. Charles; and Fayette College, at 
 Fayette. There are in the state 50 academies and 650 schools. 
 
 Missouri was originally a part of Louisiana, which was purchased from i 
 France in 1803. It was admitted into the Union as an independent i 
 Btate in 1821. 
 
 Jefferson City, the capital of the state, is situated on the right bank l 
 of Missouri river, on elevated and uneven ground, 128 miles from St. , 
 Louis. It contains a state house, a governor's house, which is large and I 
 elegant, a state penitentiary, an academy, 250 dwellings, and about 1,500 il 
 inhabitants. Stages leave daily for St. Lmiis ; three times a week for ' 
 Caledonia ; for Springfield via Warsaio ; for Independence via Booneville, I 
 Lexington, Sec. (For steamboat routes, see 620.) 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 
 
 205 
 
 the junction of the Missouri. 
 
 St, Louis is situated on the right 
 bank of the Mississippi, 18 miles below 
 It is in 38" 37' 28" N. kit., and 90° 15' 39" 
 W. loH. Population in 1845, 35,000. — Its situation is pleasant and 
 healthy ; standing on a limestone bluff. The ground rises gradually from 
 the first to the second bank of the river: and on the second bank, which 
 is about forty feet higher than the first, the city is chiefly built. Viewed 
 from the opposite shore, or as it is npproaclied from the river, it presents 
 a beautiful appearance. The compact part of the city extends about one 
 and a half miles along the river, with suburbs to the north and east, 
 making its whole extent five miles. It is elegantly built, the more recent 
 houses being constructed of brick, others of stone, and some have 
 spacious and beautiful gardens attached to them. 
 
 Among the public buildings, the City-hall and the Catholic Cathe- 
 dral are the most noticeable. The Cathedral is one hundred and 
 thirty-six feet long and eighty-four wide, with walls forty feet high. The 
 front is 58 feet high, and rising above this is a tower with a spire terminating 
 in a gilt cross. The steeple contains a peal of six bells, the largest of 
 2,600 pounds weight. There are also in the city a United States Land- 
 oflice, an elegant theatre, a concert-hall, a bank, six insurance com- 
 panies, and a United States Arsenal. 
 
 There are several literary and benevolent institutions in the city. 
 The St. Louis Uni.versitii, _ _^_ 
 
 under the direction of the ^i= 
 Roman Catholics, has 15 ggf^'- 
 instructors, 130 students, and ^^' 
 7,900 volumes in its libraries. 
 It has a spacious building in 
 the city. The commence- 
 ment is on the 15th of July. 
 Kemper College, which is 
 under the direction of the 
 Episcopalians, is five miles distant from the city, on a beautiful emmence ; 
 the buildings are of brick. The principal edifice is a building 70 feet long 
 and four stories high, with wings of equal length, three stories high. It 
 has nine professors or other instructors, and about 4,000 volumes in its 
 libraries. The commencement is on the last Thursday of July. It has a 
 medical department, and a building within the city where lectures are 
 delivered during the winter. There are two medical schools, the one 
 attached to the St. Louis University, the other to the State University; 
 the former has 5(5, the latter 80 pupils. Lectures in both these schools 
 commence on the first Monday of November and terminate on the last of 
 February. They have spacious buildings for lecture-rooms, laboratories, 
 &i.c. The Western Academy of Sciences has an extensive museum of 
 
206 STATE OF MISSOURI. 
 
 natural history and mineralogy. There is also a museum of Indian 
 curiosities, antiquities, fossil remains, &c. The Convent of the Sacred 
 Heart is an institution of nuns, for conducting female education. The 
 Protestant ladies conduct an orplian asylum, and tiiere are three orphan 
 asylums conducted by Roman Catholics. A female asylum is attached 
 to the Convent of the Sacred Heart The Jefferson Barracks are eleven 
 miles below the city. In the north part of the city there are two tumuli, 
 or mounds, on the lower of which the city has constructed a reservoir, 
 into which water is raised by steam-power from the river, and conveyed 
 through iron pipes, affording a supply to the citizens. 
 
 The city was first settled in 1664, by a company of merchant traders. 
 It is most favorably situated for commerce, and is destined to be one of 
 the principal cities of the west. Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily 
 for Louisville, Cincinnati, Wheeling, Pittsburg, &rc., on the Ohio river ; 
 JVew Orleans and the intermediate places on the Lower Mississippi ; Fort 
 Snelling and the intermediate places on the Upper Mississippi; and 
 a/so the principal places on the Missouri river. (See routes 6-0 — 622.) 
 Stages arrive from, and depart daily for Cincinnati via Terre Haute, 
 Indianapolis, &c. ; fur Louisville via Vinceiines, J^ew Albany, (ire. ; 
 for Chicago via Springfield, Peoria, Ottawa, S,-c. ; for Fort Leaven- 
 worth via St. Charles, Columbia, Glasgow, and Liberty ; 3 times a weik 
 for Shawneetown, III.; for Little Rock, Jirk., via Caledonia, 6fc. ; for 
 JVew Madrid via Cape Girardeau ; for Independence via Jefferson City, 
 Booneville, Lexington, S,-c. ; for Burlington, lo., via St. Charles, 
 Bowling Green, Palmyra, &rc. ; for Van Buren, Ark., via Caledonia, 
 Steeleville, Springfield, and Fayetteville, Ark. 
 
 St. Charlks lies twenty miles northwest from St. Louis. It is built 
 on an elevated and handsome situation on the left bank of Missouri river. 
 The shore is here rocky, the alluvial land commencing at the lower end 
 of the town. The town extends one and a half miles along the river, and 
 contains a court-house, a brick market-house, two churches, a nunnery, 
 and about 1,500 inhabitants. St. Charles College, under the direction of 
 the Methodists, is located here. It was founded in 1839, and has a presi- 
 dent, three professors, and about 104 students. The Missouri river is 
 here crossed by a ferry. Stages leave daily for St. Louis and for 
 Jefferson City ; three times a week for Burlington, lo., via JVeio London, 
 Palmyra, &,c. 
 
 Palmyra lies eight miles from Missouri river, and 129 miles from St. 
 Louis. It contains a court-house, three handsome brick churches, a 
 United States Land-office, and above 800 inhabitants. Masonic College, 
 twelve miles from Palmyra, was foimded in 1831. It has a president, four 
 professors, and 45 students. The commencement is on the last Thursday 
 in September. Stages leave three times a week for St. Louis, and for 
 Burlington, lo. 
 
 Fulton is situated on Riviere au Vases, 12 miles north of Missouri 
 river, and twenty-two miles northeast from Jefferson City. It contains 
 a court-house, two churches, two academies, and 500 inhabitants. Stages 
 leave daily for St. Louis ; for Fort Leavenworth ; and for Jefferson City. 
 
 Columbia, situated on a tributary of Missouri river, contains a court- 
 house and about 1,000 inhabitants. It is the seat of Missouri University, 
 founded in 1840, which has a president, 3 professors, and 45 students. 
 Stages leave daily for St. Louis. 
 
 Booneville is situated on the right bank of Missouri river, 173 miles 
 from St. Louis. Its foundation is limestone rock. It has a hand- 
 
STATE OF MISSOURI. 207 
 
 some court-house, three churches, two academies, and 1,200 inhabitants. 
 Considerable trade is carried on here in cattle and provisions. (See steam- 
 boat route 622.) Stages leave 3 times a week for Jefferson City ; for In- 
 dependence ; and for Columbia. 
 
 Glasgow, situated on the left bank of the Missouri river, 172 miles 
 from Sr. Louis, has two churches, several extensive warehouses, and 800 
 inhabitants. Stages leave daily fur St. Louis ; and for Fort Leaven- 
 worth ; 3 times a week for Hannibal. (See route 622.) 
 
 Independence, six miles south of Missouri river and 292 from 
 St. Louis, is a flourishing place, and the starting point for the Santa 
 Fe traders, who obtain here many of their supplies. It has a court- 
 house and about 500 inliabitants. Stages leave three times a week for 
 St. Louis via Booneville, Jefferson City, (S-c. (See routes 618 and 622.) 
 
 Liberty is situated three miles from the left bank of the Missouri river, 
 and 276 from St. Louis. It contains a court- house, five cliurches, 
 two academies, and 1,500 inhabitants. Stages leave daily for St. Louis 
 via Glasgow, Columbia, Fulton, £,-c. ; and for Fort Leavenworth ; three 
 times a week for St. .Joseph. (See steamboat route 622.) 
 
 St. Joseph, situated on the left bank of the Missouri river, 478 miles 
 from St. Louis, has several extensive warehouses and about 1,000 inhabi- 
 tants. (See steamboat route 622.) Stages leave three times a week 
 for Liberty. 
 
 Springfield is situated on the head branches of James' fork of White 
 river, 258 miles from St. Louis. It contains a court-house, a United 
 States Land-otiice, 2 churches, and 500 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times 
 a week for Jefferson City ; for St. Louis via Caledonia ; and for Van 
 Bur en, Jirk. 
 
 Cape Girardeau is situated on the right bank of the Mississippi river, 
 132 miles by the river below St. liouis. It contains about 500 inhabitants. 
 It is the seat of St. Mary's College, founded in 1830, which has a 
 president, five professors or other instructors, and 2,500 volumes in its 
 library. The commencement is on the last Thursday in August. Stages 
 leave 3 times a week for .Jefferson City via Fredericktown, Caledonia, and 
 Sleeleville ; and for J^ew Madrid. (See route 621.) 
 
 New Madrid is situated on the right bank of the Mississippi river, 247 
 miles below St. Louis. The river here makes a bend, and its bank ig 
 somewhat elevated, but is being undermined by the current. It contains 
 a court-house, a church, and 500 inhabitants. (See steamboat route 
 020.) Stages leave three times a week for Cape Girardeau. 
 
 Hannibal, 116 miles north from St. Louis, is situated on the right bank 
 of the Mississippi river. It contains a church, several extensive ware, 
 houses and manufacturing establishments, and 800 inhabitants. Stages 
 leave three times a week for St. Louis ; for Burlington, lo. ; and for 
 Glasgow. (See route 621.) 
 
 PoTOSi, 67 miles from St. Louis, is situated in the centre of one of the 
 richest mineral regions in the United States, abounding with lead, iron, 
 and copper ores. It has a court-house, an academy, 4 churches, and 700 
 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times a week for St. Louis ; for Jefferson 
 City ; and for Cope Girardeau. 
 
 Le.xington is situated on the right bank of the Missouri river. 124 miles 
 from Jefferson City. It contains a court-house, a United States Land- 
 office, 3 churches, an academy, and 1,000 inhabitants. Stages leave ihrrt 
 times a week for St. Louis via Jefferson City ; and also for Indc- 
 pendente. 
 
208 
 
 WTSCONSIV 
 
 ykki^ 
 
 WISCONSIN lies between 42" 30' and 49" 30' N. 
 lat , and between 86° 50' and 90'= W Ion , btmg 600 
 miles long and 150 broad. It contains about 90,000 
 square miles. Its population in 1840 was 30,945 ; in 1845, 
 15(1,000. 
 
 Tlie surveyed part, south of Green bay. Fox, and 
 Wisconsin rivers, is composed of timbered and prairie- 
 lands, with some swamps and wet prairies, having a 
 vegetable soil from one to ten feet deep. North of the 
 Wisconsin river commences a hilly region, swelling as it proceeds north 
 into a mountainous country, with a rugged and broken surface, creating 
 many rapids and falls in the streams, and affording many wild and 
 picturesque views. Near the sources of the Mississippi is an elevated 
 table-land abounding with lakes and swamps; in the former of which fish 
 are abundant, while wild rice grows in the latter. Bordering on the Mis- 
 sissippi and Wisconsin rivers, the soil is rich and the land generally 
 heavily timbered. — The principal rivers are the Mississippi, washing ita 
 western border; tiie Wisconsin, 500 miles long, a large tributary of the 
 Mississippi ; the Chippeway, which enters the Mississippi further north- 
 west, and is a large river ; Rock river, which rises and runs partly in this 
 state ; Neenah or Fox river, which runs so near the Wisconsin, that at 
 times of high water the country between them is often overflowed and can 
 be passed in boats. The Neenah passes through Lake Winnebago, and 
 enters Green bay ; though obstructed by rapids, it is navigable for boats 180 
 miles. 
 
 Wisconsin was organized as a territorial government in 1836. The 
 governor is appointed by the president of the United States, with the ad- 
 vice and consent of the senate, and is ex-otficio superintendent of Indian 
 affairs. The Legislative Assembly consists of a council of 13 members, 
 elected for four years, and a house of representatives of 26 members, 
 elected for two years. 
 
 No college has been established in this territory. It has several acad> 
 emies and 100 common schools. 
 
 Madison, the capital, is 159 miles from Chicago, and beautifully situa. 
 ted on a peninsula between two lakes, on a gentle swell of ground fiom 
 which therje is a regular descent each way to the water. It is regularly 
 laid out, with a large central square, in the centre of which is the State 
 House, a spacious stone edifice with a handsome dome Thelown has 
 several places of worship and 500 inhabitants. Stages leave three timts a 
 week fur Milwaukee ; for Rockford, III. ; for Galena ; and for Fort 
 fVinnebago. 
 
 Milwaukee is situated on both sides of Milwaukee river, near its en- 
 trance into Lake Michigan, 97 miles from Chicago. It contains & 
 
STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 209 
 
 court-house, a tTiiited States Land-office, eight churches, and 7,500 in- 
 habitiints. It is a flourishing place, has an extensive water-power, and 
 is rapidly growing into commercial importance. Steamboats ply con- 
 stantly between it and Chicago, Buffalo, and the intermediate places. 
 (See route 548.) Stages leave 3 times a week for Chicago, III., and for 
 
 Prairie du Chien is situated on the east banic of Mississippi river, 
 four miles above the mouth of Wisconsin river and 248 miles below 
 the falls of St. Anthony. The prairie is ten miles long and three wide. 
 The village contains a court-house, three churches, an academy, and 
 about 2,000 inhabitants. Numerous mounds of all sizes and shapes are 
 to be found in the vicinity. Fort Crawford, a United States military post, 
 is situated a little south of the village. (For steamboat route see 621.) 
 Stages leave 3 times a week for Galena. 
 
 IOWA is situated between 40^^ 30' and 43^ 30' x\. lat., 
 and between OO" 20'and •IC 50' W. Ion. It is about 
 '250 miles lone, and its mean breadth 198 miles con- 
 t.unmg 50,600 square miles. Population in 1844, 
 78,819. 
 
 The face of the country is moderately uneven, with- 
 out any mountains or high hills. There is a tract of 
 I elevated table-land, which extends through a con- 
 
 siderable part of the territory, dividing the waters 
 which fall into the Mississippi, from those which fall into the Missouri. 
 The margins of the rivers and creeks, extending back from one to ten 
 miles, are generally covered with timber, while beyond this the country is 
 an open prairie without trees : by the frequent alternations of these two 
 descriptions of land, the country is greatly diversified. The prairies 
 cover nearly three-fourths of the surface of the territory, and, although 
 they lire destitute of trees, present a great variety of aspect. Some have 
 a level and others a rolling surface ; some are covered with a rich coat of 
 grass, well suited for grazing ; in others this is interspersed with hazel 
 thickets, and sassafras shrubs, and in season superbly decorated with 
 flowers. Tiie soil, both on the bottom and prairie land, is generally good, 
 consisting of a deep black mould, intermingled, in tlie prairies, with sandy 
 loam, and sometimes with red clay and gravel. 
 
 The Mississippi borders this territory for its whole length on the east, 
 and is navigable in time of high water for steamboats to the mouth of the 
 St. Peter's. The Des Moines river runs in the southern part of the territory, 
 and. forming a part of llie southwest boundary, enters the Mississippi. 
 In high water it is navigable for steamboats 100 miles, and for keel-boats 
 
210 STATE OF IOWA. 
 
 at all times. Checauque or Skunk river, after a course of 150 miles, enters 
 the Mississippi. Iowa river is 300 miles long, and is navigable for steam- 
 boats 12 miles from its entrance into the Mississippi, and for keel-boats to 
 Iowa city. Red Cedar river, the main branch of Iowa, is navigable for 
 keel-boats, in high water, 100 miles above its junction. The Wiipsipinecon 
 has a winding and rapid course 200 miles, to its entrance into the Mis- 
 sissippi. The Makoqueta bounds the mineral region on the south, and 
 enters the Mississippi, furnishing in its course the best water-power in tiie 
 territory. Turkey river, after a course of 1.50 miles, enters the Mis- 
 sissippi. It is not navigable. Sioux river enters the Missouri, and forms 
 part of the west boundary. 
 
 The governor is elected for four years. He must be a citizen of the 
 United State:^ and have resided for two years next preceding his election 
 within the state, and have attained the age of 30 years. The legislative 
 authority is vested in a senate and house of representatives which meet 
 biennially on the first Monday in January. Representatives are chosen for 2 
 years; they must be free white citizens of theUnited States, and have attained 
 the age of 21 years, — have resided within the state one year next preceding 
 the election, and thirty days within the county or district for which they 
 may be elected. Senators are chosen for four years, at the same time 
 of electing represet)tatives. They must be 25 years of age, and possess 
 the quiilifications of representatives. The judicial power is vested in a 
 supreme court, district courts, and such other inferior courts as the 
 legislature may establish. Judges of the Supreme Court are elected by 
 the legislature, and hfild their office for six years.— Every white male 
 citizen of the United States, 21 years of age, who shall have resided 
 within the state six months next preceding the election, and 20 days in the 
 county in which he claims to vote, enjoys the right of suffrage. 
 
 The University of Iowa, at Mount Pleasant, in Henry county, has been 
 chartered. Seven academies have been incorporated, and there are about 
 100 common schools. 
 
 Iowa City, the capital of tlie state, is situated thirty-one miles from 
 Bloomington, on the left bank of Iowa river, which is navigable to 
 this place. The situation is dry and pleasant. It contains a state-house, 
 court-house, several churches, and about 1,000 inhabitants. The Capitol 
 is of the Grecian Doric order of architecture, and has a dome supported 
 by 22 Corinthirm columns. Stages leave 3 times a week for Burlington ; 
 and for Rock Island, III. 
 
 Burlington is handsomely situated on the right bank of the Mis- 
 sissippi river, 222 miles above St. Louis. It is surrounded by hills, to 
 which the ground rises by a gentle acclivity. It is regularly laid out, and 
 has a court-house, several commodious churches, a United States Land- 
 office, and about 2,000 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times a week for St. 
 Louis; and for Duhuqne via Bloomington. Steamboats ply to all the 
 principal places on the Mississippi river. (See route 621.) 
 
 Dubuque is situated on the right bank of Mississippi river, 426 
 miles above St. Louis, and 306 below the Falls of St. Anthony. It 
 is built on a table area, or terrace, which extends along the river for 
 several miles. It contains a United States Land-office, five churches, 
 a bank, an academy, a lyceum, and 1,500 inhabitants. Lead ore is 
 found in abundance here, and for miles around on every side. Steam- 
 boats ply to all the principal places on the Mississippi. (See route 621.) 
 Stages leave 3 times a week for Galena ; and for Burlington via Daven- 
 port and Bloomington. 
 
RAILROAD, STAGE, AND STEAMBOAT ROUTES, 
 
 THROUGH 
 
 THE WESTERN STATES. 
 
 (500) Fr'm Lexington 
 TO Knoxvillk. I 
 
 To Nicholiisville . | 12 
 Burnt Tavern .... 121 24 
 
 Lancaster 8 32 
 
 ytanford 8 40 
 
 Mt. Vernon 23! 63 
 
 Li.ndon 19 82 
 
 Lynn Camp 13 95 
 
 Barboursville 12107 
 
 Cumberland Ford 16 123 
 Cumberland Gap\bVi& 
 
 Tazewell 12150 
 
 Beans' Station ... 12 162 
 
 Rutledge I 9171 
 
 Blain's><l Roads.. 14 185 
 Knoxvillk 19 204 
 
 (501) Fr'm Lexington 
 TO Wheeling, 
 
 To Moreland 
 
 Paris 
 
 Millersburg 
 
 Forest Retreat 
 
 Lower Blue Lick. 
 
 May's Lick 
 
 Washington 
 
 ISIaysville 
 
 Aberdeen, 
 
 West Union 17 
 
 var', 
 
 I 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 15 
 
 s 
 
 23 
 
 6 
 
 29 
 
 8 
 
 37 
 
 12 
 
 49 
 
 8 
 
 i^l 
 
 4 
 
 61 
 
 1 
 
 62 
 
 17 
 
 79 
 
 10 89 
 6 95 
 6101 
 
 llOlll 
 
 Dunbarton 
 Locust Grove . , 
 Sinking Spring, 
 
 Cyiithiuna 
 
 Bainbridsre I 5116 
 
 Bourneviile 11 127 
 
 Chillicothe 13 140 
 
 101.50 
 9159 
 16 175 
 9184 
 8192 
 10 202 
 10 212 
 
 Georgetown | 41 12 
 
 Williamstowu ... 35 47 
 
 Crittenden 11! 58 
 
 Florence 16 74 
 
 Covington 9 83 
 
 Cincinnati I 1 84 
 
 (503) Fr'm Lexington 
 TO Madison, la. . 
 
 To Versailles | I 12 
 
 Frankfort 12 24 
 
 Laputa 10 34 
 
 iXewcastle 15 49 
 
 Canipbellsburg... 6 55 
 
 Bedford 10 65 
 
 Milton 11 76 
 
 Madison I L 77 
 
 i 
 
 (504) Fr'm Lexington 
 
 TO Louisville, 
 
 Via Frankfurt. 
 
 To Versailles. . . . 
 
 Frankfort 
 
 Bridgeport 
 
 Hardinsville 
 
 Clay Village 
 
 Sbelbyville 
 
 Siuipson\ille 
 
 Long Run 
 
 Middletown 
 
 Mt. Zion 
 
 Shawneetown, 
 111 I 71257 
 
 (506) Fr'm Lexington 
 to SSmithland. 
 
 1 12 
 
 12 24 
 
 7 31 
 lO: 41 
 18 59 
 
 6 65 
 12 77 
 12 89 
 
 6! 95 
 17112 
 121124 
 101134 
 
 8142 
 14156 
 
 Kingston 
 
 'I'arlton 
 
 Lancaster 
 
 Rnshville 
 
 Somerset 
 
 Fultonhani 
 
 ZanesvILLe 
 
 Wheeling — 
 (see i\o. 323).. 
 
 73285 
 
 (502) Fr'm Lexington 
 
 TO Cincinnati, O. 
 To Delpbton I I 8 
 
 Louisville 12 
 
 (505) Fr'm Lexington 
 TO Shawneetown. 
 
 To Louisville- 
 (see No. 504) 
 
 Salina 
 
 West Point..., 
 
 Garnettsville ., 
 
 Brandenburg ., 
 
 Hardinsburg . . 
 
 Cloverport 
 
 Hawsville 
 
 Velvington 
 
 Owensboro' !10!193 
 
 j Richland 12 205 
 
 , Henderson Il7 222 
 
 jSmith's Mills 12 234 
 
 Morganfield Il2246 
 
 99 
 107 
 118 
 142 
 
 11,153 
 91162 
 
 21183 
 
 To Nicholasville 
 Shawnee Run... 
 
 Harrodsburg 
 
 Perry ville 
 
 Lebanon 
 
 Newmarket 
 
 Campbellsvilie ., 
 
 Greensburg 
 
 Monroe 
 
 Blue Spring Grove 
 
 Glasgow 
 
 Three Forks 
 
 Dripping Spring.. 
 Bowling Green... 
 
 S.Union 
 
 Russellville 
 
 Elkton |15 
 
 Hopkinsville ]20 
 
 Cerulean Spring. . !l6 235 
 
 Princeton 10245 
 
 Fredonia 14 259 
 
 Salem 10269 
 
 Smithland 15 284 
 
 (507) Fr'm Lexington 
 to Columbus, Ky. 
 
 To Hopkin.sville- 
 (see No. 506) . . 
 
 Bellevue 
 
 Cadiz 
 
 Canton 
 
 Aurora 
 
 Wades boro' 
 
 Mnyrield 
 
 Milburn 
 
 Columbus 
 
 219 
 
 10!229 
 12 241 
 
 9 250 
 8 258 
 12,270 
 20!290 
 
 21:311 
 
 (508) Fr'm Lexington 
 
 TO Nashville, Tenn. 
 
 To Harrodsburg— 
 
 (see No. 506) . . . 
 
 Three Springs 
 
 Glasgow 
 
 Scottsville 
 
 31 
 75106 
 17123 
 25148 
 
212 
 
 ROUTES IX KENTUCKY. 
 
 Gallatin 1331181 ' Woodsonville .... 101 85 
 
 Nashville 1261207 Three Forks 11 96 
 
 [Dripping Spring..! 8 104 
 (509) Fr'm Lexington Bowling Grken 14 118 
 
 TO Knoxville. I Franklin 22 140 
 
 To Nicholasville 
 Burnt Tavern 
 Lancaster .... 
 
 Stanford ' 8 40 
 
 ML Vernon 23 
 
 London 
 Lynn Camp 
 
 /ILLE. irranKiin zuiW 
 
 ili_ I I 19 Mitchellville I 9149 
 
 'l2 24 'i'yree Springs.... 14 163 
 ■■■■| s ooMansker's Creek. 7 170 
 
 Pleasant Hill 
 
 Nashville 
 lu CO Natchez— 
 13 95 1 Csee No. 485)...469 652 
 
 6176 
 7183 
 
 Barboursvilie 12107 (512) Fr'm Louisville 
 
 Cumber and Ford lb 123 , to Maysville. 
 Cumberland Gfap 10 138 '~ ,,.,,, , , ,„ 
 
 Tazewell 12 150 To Middletown . . 12 
 
 Bean's Station ... 12 162 I^P"S ^un 6 18 
 
 Rutledge 9171 ,§'mPsoiivi lie oj 23 
 
 Blain's^ Roads.. 14 185 ;fe,'ie'byv''e 8j 31 
 
 Knoxville 19204 ^ay Village bj 3/ 
 
 , Hardinsville 8 4o 
 
 '^l"^ l^y M^^iyi^L'^iFRAfKCT ::::: 1 1? 
 
 Versailles 12 66 
 
 Lexington 12 78 
 
 1(515) Fr'm Louisvillb 
 TO St. Joseph's, 
 I Mich. 
 iToPaoli- 
 
 (see No. 514).., 
 [Orleans 
 
 Spring Mill 
 
 'Sinking Spring... 
 
 Bedford 
 
 jMarysville 
 
 Bloomington ... 
 
 [Martinsville 
 
 I Indianapolis 
 
 St. Joseph— 
 (see No. 
 
 14 89 
 21110 
 15,125 
 
 to Natchez, Miss. 
 Via Lexington, JVash- 
 
 ville, <$-c. 
 To Washington . . 
 
 May's Lick 
 
 Lower Blue Lick. 
 Forest Retreat — 
 
 Miilersburg 
 
 Paris 
 
 Moreland 
 
 Lexington 
 
 Nicholasville. 
 
 8 12 
 12 24 
 
 8; 32 
 
 Si 46 
 
 7i 53 
 
 61 
 
 IIMaysville- 
 4!J Csee No. 501) . . . 61 139 
 
 (513) Fr'm Louisville 
 ; TO Columbus, Ky. 
 
 To Bowling Green 
 , (see No. 511) . . . 
 
 S. Union 
 
 Russellviile 
 
 „. 12' 73^"^'"" 
 
 Shawnee Run.... 12 85. H^pkinsvillk.. 
 
 Harrodsburg 1 7[ 92 ^V^^^^^^s- 
 
 PerryviJle .: 10102;( (.see No. o06)...100 
 
 Lebanon ;18|20 1(514) p , Louisville 
 
 Newmarket 'bl4)| Vr. St I niiia 
 
 Campbellsville ... 12,138 ^^. ^" '}t % . 
 
 Greensburg ,12 150 [ ^*« •^fiw •'I'-oany, la. <V 
 
 Monroe 111161 [ | Vincennes. 
 
 'I'hree Springs 6 167 To New Albany. . 4 
 
 Blue Spring Grove 4171 Greenville 12 16 
 
 Glasgow 13184 Palmyra 8 24 
 
 Lewis 121961 Fredericksburg... 5 29 
 
 Scottsville 13 209 Hardinsburg 5 34 
 
 State Line 9218 Paoli 12 46 
 
 Gallatin 24 242 Columbiaville... . 16 62 
 
 Hendersonville... 10 252 Mt. Pleasant Il2 74 
 
 Pleasant Hill 9261 Washington 15 89 
 
 Nashville 7,268; Berry ville ; 7 96 
 
 Natchez— Vincennes 13 
 
 , 15 
 
 10' 25 
 
 14 a? 
 
 10 49 
 
 16 65 
 20 81 
 15100 
 14 114 
 14128 
 
 281 
 
 (see No. 485)... 4691737 
 
 (511) Fr'm Louisville 
 to Natchez, 
 Via JVashville. 
 
 ToSalina I I 11 
 
 WestP(.int 10 21 
 
 Lawrenceville.Ill. 9 
 
 Olney 22 
 
 Maysville |25 
 
 ]Cato 18 
 
 Salem !l8 
 
 Carlyie |26 227 
 
 I Shoal Creek 9 236 
 
 Aviston 6 242 
 
 Elizabethto wn ... 22 43 Lebanon Ill 253 
 
 Nolen 12 551 Rock Spring 1 4257 
 
 Leesvilie 12 671 Belleville 8 265 
 
 Mumfordsville . . . 8 75IISt Louis 14 279 
 
 174'299 
 
 (516) Fr'm Louisville 
 { to Memphis, Tenn. 
 
 ! To Nashville— I | 
 (see No. 511)... 1183 
 
 Memphis— I I 
 
 (see No. 484)... 230 413 
 
 (517) Fr'm Smithland 
 TO Maysville, Ky. 
 
 To Salem 
 
 Fredonia 
 
 [Princeton. 
 
 Cerulean Spring 
 
 HOPKINSVILLE., 
 
 iElkton 
 
 , Russellviile 
 
 jS. Union 
 
 Bowling Gree.. 
 
 Drippinsr Spring. . 14 142 
 
 ; Three Forks 8150 
 
 ! Glasgow 10160 
 
 Blue Spring Grove 13 173 
 Three Springs — | 4177 
 
 Monroe \ 6183 
 
 Greensburg 11194 
 
 Campbellsville ... 12 206 
 
 Newmarket 12 218 
 
 Lebanon 6j224 
 
 Perry ville 18[242 
 
 Harrodsburg .. 10 252 
 Shawnee Run.... 7 259 
 
 Nicholasville 12|2:i 
 
 Lexington 12283 
 
 Maysville— [ 
 (see No. 501) .. . 61 344 
 
 (518) Fr'm Smithland 
 to Nashville. 
 
 To Salem 
 
 Fredonia 
 
 Princeton 
 
 Cerulean Spring 
 
 HOPKINSVILLE., 
 
 Oak Grove 
 
 Clarksville 
 
 Fredonia 
 
 Mt. Henry 
 
 Nashville 
 
 10 
 14 
 10 
 16 
 14 
 12 91 
 11103 
 5107 
 30137 
 
ROUTES IN INDIANA. 
 
 213 
 
 ^519) From Columbus 
 TO Nashville. 
 
 To Clinton I I 12 
 
 Feliciana U 23 
 
 Bovdsville Il6 39 
 
 Bii'rren Hill 13, 52 
 
 Paris 7 6H 
 
 ynndy Hill 12 71 
 
 Revnoldsburg.... Itll 90 
 
 VVi.verly ' 9 99 
 
 Batson's 12|ni 
 
 Churlotte 10121 
 
 Chesnut Grove... 18139 
 Nashville 20159 
 
 From Hickman to 
 
 Nashville. 
 
 To Totten Wells . 
 
 Garijnersville 
 
 Dresden 
 
 Irvin's Store 
 
 Alt. Holyoke 
 
 1 18 
 6 24 
 12 3b- 
 8 44 
 8 52 
 
 Paris ! 8, 60 
 
 Nashville 
 (see No. 519)... 100160 
 
 (520) F'm Indianapolis 
 TO Columbus, O. 
 
 To Cumberland .. 
 
 Philadelphia 
 
 Greenfield 
 
 (^'hiirlottesville 
 
 Knightstown 
 
 Ogden 
 
 Lewisville 
 
 Dublin 
 
 Cambridge 
 
 Centreville ... 
 
 Richmond 
 
 New VVestville,0. 
 
 Eaton 
 
 W. Alexander ... 
 
 Liberty 
 
 Dayton 
 
 Fairfield 
 
 Enon 
 
 Springfield — 
 Brighton Centre.. 
 
 La Fayette 
 
 W. Jefferson 
 
 Alton 
 
 Columbus 
 
 1 10 
 5 1 
 5, 20 
 
 2 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 10 
 
 6 95 
 13108 
 
 7 115 
 11126 
 
 7133 
 7140 
 10150 
 10160 
 8168 
 5173 
 9182 
 
 (521) F'm Indianapolis 
 to Greenville, O. 
 
 To Noblesville . . 
 
 Strawtown 
 
 Aridersontown .. 
 
 Mill Creek 
 
 Yorktown 
 
 Muncie 
 
 Smifhfield 
 
 Windsor 
 
 Macksville 
 
 
 9 
 
 6 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 32 
 
 10 
 
 42 
 
 6 
 
 4H 
 
 5 
 
 53 
 
 6 
 
 59 
 
 13 
 
 72 
 
 Winchester i 7| 81 
 
 Randolph 7i 88 
 
 Greenville 1141102 
 
 (522) F'm Indianapolis 
 ■yo Michigan City. 
 
 To Augusta — 
 Eagle Village .. 
 
 Northfield 
 
 Kirk's X Roads. 
 Michigaiitown . 
 Middle Fork.... 
 
 Burlington 
 
 Carroll 
 
 LOGANSPORT .. 
 
 Meiea 12 84 
 
 Rochester 11 95 
 
 Sidney 110 105 
 
 Plymouth 8113 
 
 Laporte ;30143 
 
 Michigan City.. I 6149 
 
 (523) F'm Indianapolis 
 TO St. Joseph's, 
 Mich. 
 
 To Plymouth— 1 ] 
 (see No. 522) ... 113 
 
 Whitehall 14127 
 
 South Bend .... 10137 
 
 Niles, Mich |12 14^ 
 
 Berrian Springs . . 10 159 
 
 Roynlton 12171 
 
 St. Joseph's — I 3174 
 
 (524) F'm Indi.vnapolis 
 TO La Fayette. 
 
 To Clermont . . 
 Brownsburg — 
 
 Jamestown 
 
 New Rdss ..... 
 Crawfordsvilie 
 
 Wea 
 
 La Fayette . 
 
 
 20l 
 
 
 27 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 44 
 
 6 
 
 50 
 
 J^ 
 
 5« 
 
 
 65 
 
 6 
 
 71 
 
 3 
 
 74 
 
 6 14 
 
 14 28 
 71 35 
 
 10 45 
 
 15 60 
 13 73 
 
 (525) F'm Indianapolis 
 TO Peoria, 111. 
 
 To Crawfordsvillel I 
 (see No. 524) ...1 I 45 
 
 Waynetown 10| 55 
 
 Hillsboro' I 6 61 
 
 Cole's Cieek 5 66 
 
 Covington I 8| 74 
 
 Dauville 12 8. 
 
 Union 20101 
 
 Urbana 14120 
 
 Mahomet 13133 
 
 Santa Anna 14 14 
 
 Leroy 10 15 
 
 Bloomington 15172 
 
 Wilkesboro' 10182 
 
 Mackinaw 10192 
 
 Tremont ! 719! 
 
 Peoria 13212 
 
 (526) F'm iNDiANAPOLia 
 TO Springfield, 111. 
 
 Via Terre Haute. 
 
 To Bridgeport....! I 9 
 
 Plainfield 6l 15 
 
 Belleville 5i 20 
 
 Stilesville 1 8 28 
 
 Mt. Meridian ....: 8l 36 
 
 PntnamviUe 6| 42 
 
 Manhattan 4 46 
 
 Harmony 8 54 
 
 Van Buren ! 1' 61 
 
 Terre Haute .. 12 73 
 
 Elbridge 11.1 84 
 
 Paris 
 
 Embarrass Point 
 
 Oaklaud 
 
 Hermitage 
 
 Livingston 
 
 Decatur 
 
 Mt. Auburn 
 
 Rochester 
 
 Springfield .. 
 
 9 9i 
 10103 
 
 71110 
 18128 
 16144 
 20164 
 18 182 
 12 194 
 10 204 
 
 (527) F'm Indian APOLig 
 TO St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 ToTerreHauteI 1 
 
 (seeNo. 526) ... ! 73 
 Livingston, 111.... 13 86 
 
 Marshall ! 4 90 
 
 Martinsville 12102 
 
 Casey ! 6108 
 
 (Jreenup 10118 
 
 Woodbury ' 7 125 
 
 Ewington 18143 
 
 Freemanton I 5148 
 
 Howard's Point.. 91.57 
 
 Cumberland 7164 
 
 VandaLia I 6170 
 
 Mulberry Grove ..1 9179 
 
 Greenville 8187 
 
 Hickory Grove... 9196 
 
 Collinsville 25 221 
 
 St. Louis 16237 
 
 (528) F'm Indianapolis 
 TO Louisville, Ky. 
 
 yia JVew Mbany. 
 
 To Martinsville ..| I 15 
 BloomiuiTton !2I 36 
 
 Marvsville 
 
 He.itord 
 
 Sinking Spring... 
 
 Spring Mill 
 
 Orleans 
 
 Paoli 
 
 Hardinslmrg 
 
 Fredericksburg... 
 
 Palmyra 
 
 Greenville 
 
 New Albany 
 
 Louisville 
 
 7! 6,5 
 
 3' 68 
 
 5 73 
 
 6 79 
 
 12 91 
 
 5 96 
 
 5 101 
 
 8109 
 
 12121 
 
 4125 
 
214 
 
 ROUTES IN INDIANA. 
 
 C529) F'm Indianapolis 
 TO Fredonia. 
 
 ToPaoli- I I 
 
 (see No. 528) .. . 79 
 
 Valene llO' 89 
 
 Pioctorsville ' 5 94 
 
 Fredonia 13107 
 
 (530) F'm Indianapolis 
 TO Madison. 
 
 To Greenwood. 
 
 Franklin 
 
 Fidinburg 
 
 Columbus 
 
 Madison &,■ Indianapolis 
 Railroad 
 
 Clifty 
 Elizubethtown , 
 
 Scipio 
 
 Vernon 
 
 Dupont 
 
 Madison 
 
 11 
 
 55 
 
 63 
 
 71 
 
 12 83 
 
 (531) F'm Indianapolis 
 TO Cincinnati, 
 
 Via JVapoleon. 
 
 To Bethel 
 
 Pleasant View 
 
 Brandy wine 
 
 Shelby ville 
 
 St. Omar 
 
 Greensburg 
 
 Napoleon 
 
 Delaware 
 
 Laugherty 
 
 Manchester 
 
 Lawrenceburg ... 
 Elizubethtown, O. 
 
 Cleves 
 
 Dry Ridge 
 
 Cheviot 
 
 Cincinnati 
 
 8 
 14' 22 
 12 34 
 6 40 
 
 11 51 
 10 til 
 
 12 73 
 6 79 
 4 83 
 71 90 
 
 10100 
 6lOd 
 4110 
 4114 
 4118 
 4122 
 
 (532) F'm Indianapolis 
 to Cincinnati, 
 
 Via Brookville. 
 
 To Sugar Creek.. 
 
 Morristown 
 
 Rushville 
 
 New Salem 
 
 Andersonville 
 
 Laurel 
 
 Metumora 
 
 Brookville — 
 Cedar Grove 
 
 Sew Trenton 
 nrrison, O 
 
 Clark's Store 
 
 Miami 
 
 Cheviot 
 
 Cincinnati 
 
 (533) F'm Indianapolis 
 TO Vkvay. 
 
 To Napoleon— 
 (see No. 531) 
 
 Versailles 
 
 Cross Plains . . . 
 
 Pleasant 
 
 Mt. Sterling... 
 Vevay 
 
 6101 
 4105 
 
 o|105 
 3li08 
 
 (534) F'm Madison to 
 
 Indianapolis. 
 
 Madison &,- Indianapolis 
 
 Railroad. 
 
 To Dupont 
 
 Vernon 
 
 Scipio 
 
 Elizabethtown . 
 
 Clifty 
 
 Columbus 
 
 Stage. 
 
 Edinburg 
 
 Franklin 
 
 Greenwood 
 
 Indianapolis.. 
 
 I 12 
 
 8 20 
 8 28 
 7 35 
 4V39i 
 2i: 42 
 
 11 53 
 
 10 63 
 
 10 73 
 
 10 83 
 
 (535) F'm Evansville 
 to Logansport, 
 
 Via Vincennes, Terre 
 Haute, La Fayette, S,- 
 Delphi. 
 ToSandersville ..I 110 
 
 Princeton 20! 30 
 
 Patoka I 4 34 
 
 nicksburg I 8 42 
 
 Vincennes 12 54 
 
 W. Union 15 69 
 
 Carlisle 8 77 
 
 Merom 12 89 
 
 Furman's Creek.. 9 98 
 
 Prairie Creek 8106 
 
 I'rairieton 7113 
 
 Terre Haute... 7ia) 
 
 Otter Creek i 9129 
 
 Clinton ! 6135 
 
 Highland 10145 
 
 1(536) F'm Evansville 
 I TO Chicago, 111. 
 ;To Covington— I l 
 I (see No. 5a5) . . . 1 172 
 (Danville, III.... 12184 
 
 [North Fork 16 200 
 
 iMilford 22 222 
 
 Iroquois 12 234 
 
 Bulbonus Grove.. 28 262 
 
 Rockville 6 268 
 
 Wilmington 10 2'i8 
 
 Juliet 20 298 
 
 Lockport 5 3(a< 
 
 Keepatau ; 8 311 
 
 Des Plains 4 315 
 
 Flag Creek 6 321 
 
 Summit I 4i325 
 
 Chicago il3,338 
 
 (537) From Mouth of 
 THE Wabash River 
 TO L.A Fayette. 
 
 Steamboat. 
 To Grand Chain. 
 New Harmony ... 
 Coffiie Isl. Rapids 
 
 Mt. Carmel 
 
 Grand Rapids... 
 St. Francisville... 
 
 Vincennes 
 
 Rnssellville 
 
 Merom 
 
 York 
 
 Darwin 
 
 Terre Haute... 
 
 Harrison 
 
 (Jlinton 
 
 Montezuma 
 
 Westport 
 
 Perry ville 
 
 Covington 
 
 William SPORT.. 
 
 La Grange 
 
 La Fayette 
 
 6151 
 7158 
 7165 
 7172 
 
 Newport 
 
 Eugene 
 
 Perry ville 
 
 Covington 
 
 Portland 
 
 Wllliamsport 
 
 Attica 
 
 Shawnee Prairie.. 
 
 West Point 
 
 La Fayette .... 11212 
 Battle Ground.... 7 219 
 
 Americns 4 223 
 
 Oelvhi 7 230 
 
 Tiptonport 6236 
 
 Lockport j 3239 
 
 Amsterdam 5244 
 
 Logansport ' 7251 
 
 6186 
 
 2188 
 
 5193 
 
 201 
 
 19' 48 
 32, 80 
 lOl 90 
 2| 92 
 15! 107 
 18125 
 11136 
 24160 
 I6 17t> 
 
 16 28* 
 13297 
 13 310 
 
 (538) From Mk higan 
 
 City to Cincinnati, 
 
 Via Indianapolis. 
 
 To Laporte 
 
 Plymouth 
 
 Sidney 
 
 Rochester 
 
 Metea 
 
 Logansport . 
 
 Carrcdl 
 
 Burlington 
 
 Middle Fork.... 
 Michigantown 
 Kirk'sX Road: 
 
 Northfield 
 
 Eagle Village . 
 
 Augusta 
 
 Indianapolis. 
 Cincinnati— 
 (see No. 532) ...105 254 
 
 3b" i 
 44 I 
 
 54 I 
 65 I 
 77 I 
 90 
 96 '' 
 
 101 I 
 
 107 
 
 10 117 
 12129 
 5134 
 6140 
 9149 
 
ROUTES L\ MICHIGAN. 
 
 215 
 
 (539) F'm Detroit to 
 Port Huron. 
 
 ToRoseville ' I 7 
 
 Mt. Clemenos .... 11 18 
 
 JN'ew Haven I 71 25 
 
 Columbus 121 37 
 
 St. Clair Ill' 48 
 
 Port Huron ilL 59 
 
 (540) F'm Detroit to 
 
 Saginaw. 
 Detroit &,- Pontiac RR. 
 
 To Royal Oak.. 
 Birmingham . .. 
 
 Pontiac 
 
 Stnge. 
 
 Watert'ord 
 
 Springfield 
 
 Groveland 
 
 Stony Run 
 
 Grand Blanc ... 
 
 Flint 
 
 Genesee 
 
 Thetford 
 
 Bridgeport 
 
 Saginaw 
 
 I 14 
 
 5: 19 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 5 3 
 
 7 44 
 
 5 49 
 
 4 53 
 
 61 
 
 65 
 
 72 
 
 13 
 
 12 
 
 (541) F'm Detroit to 
 
 Grand Haven, 
 
 Via lojiia. 
 
 ToRedford 
 
 Livonia 
 
 Farmingtou 
 
 Novi 
 
 Hicksville 
 
 Kensington 
 
 Brighton 
 
 Genoa 
 
 HOWKLL 
 
 Cedar 
 
 Phelpstown 
 
 De Witt 
 
 Lyons 
 
 Ionia 
 
 Boston 
 
 Flat River 
 
 Ada 
 
 Grand Rapids 
 
 Grandville 
 
 Port Sheldon ... 
 Grand Haven. 
 
 13 
 
 3 16 
 
 4 21) 
 
 Dexter 
 
 Sylvan 
 
 Grass Lake... 
 
 Leoni 
 
 Jackson 
 
 Barry 
 
 Smithfield.... 
 
 Albion 
 
 Waterburg. . . 
 
 Marengo 
 
 Marshall... 
 
 Andover 
 
 Battle Creek . 
 
 Charleston 
 
 Galesburg 
 
 Comstock 
 
 Kalamazoo . 
 Stage. 
 
 Pawpaw 
 
 Kendall 
 
 Keelersville... 
 Bainbridge... 
 St. Joseph's 
 
 5113 
 
 7:120 
 5125 
 8133 
 4137 
 5 142 
 4jl46 
 
 18164 
 8172 
 8180 
 10190 
 10200 
 
 12 
 15 
 25'111 
 
 7ill8 
 10128 
 
 7135 
 10145 
 10155 
 
 716-2 
 25 187 
 112199: 
 
 (542) F'm Detroit to! 
 
 St. Joseph's, 
 Via Jackson, Mar shall, 
 
 <S' Kalamazoo. 
 
 Central Railroad. 
 
 To Dearbornville. 
 
 S. Nankin 
 
 S. Plvmouth 
 
 Ypsifanti 
 
 Ann Arbor 
 
 Scio 
 
 10 
 15 
 23! 
 30 
 10: 40 
 6 46 
 
 (543) F'm Detroit to 
 
 NiLES. 
 
 To Ypsilanti— [ 
 (see No. 542) ... 
 
 Pittstield 
 
 Saline 
 
 Benton 
 
 (Jlinton 
 
 Iron Creek 
 
 Cambridge 
 
 Woodstock 
 
 Somerset 
 
 Moscow 
 
 Scipio 
 
 Sylvanus 
 
 Q.uincy 
 
 Cold Water . . . 
 
 Bnmch 
 
 Batavia 
 
 Bronson's Prairie. 
 
 Prairie River 
 
 Freedom 
 
 Sherman 
 
 W. Sherman 
 
 White Pigeon 
 
 MOTTSVILLE 
 
 Union 
 
 Adamsville 
 
 Edwardsburg 
 
 Dover 
 
 NiLES i 
 
 35I 
 40 
 45 
 52 
 
 5 57 
 9 66 
 7: 73 
 
 6 791 
 9 881 
 4 921 
 b 97 
 7104 
 6110^ 
 3113 
 4 117 
 4121 
 51^6; 
 5131 
 413.V 
 5140 
 8148' 
 6154 
 6160: 
 7167! 
 5(172 1 
 3175 
 7,182 
 
 (544) F'm Detroit to 
 Chicago. 
 
 To Niles— 
 
 (see No. 543) . . . 
 Terra Coupee, la. 
 
 Hudson 
 
 Laporte 
 
 Michigan City.. 
 City West 
 
 182, 
 I4I1PH 
 5201 
 13 214 
 12 2261 
 17 243! 
 
 Calumet, 111. 
 Chicago 
 
 .|24|; 
 
 .I12I; 
 
 279 
 
 (545) F'm Detroit to 
 Toledo. 
 
 ToTrnngo.... 
 
 Gibraltar 
 
 Brownstown . . 
 
 Brest 
 
 Monroe 
 
 La Salle 
 
 Erie 
 
 Manhattan, O. 
 Toledo 
 
 13 
 
 8 21 
 
 4 25 
 
 13 38 
 
 I 5 43 
 
 I 5 48 
 
 : 5 53 
 
 ' 9 62 
 
 3 65 
 
 (546) F'm Detroit to 
 Adrian. 
 
 To Clinton— 
 
 (see No. 543) ... 
 Tecumseh 
 
 52 
 5 57 
 10 fi7 
 
 (547) F'm Detroit to 
 
 Buffalo. 
 
 
 Steamboat. 
 
 
 To Sandusky, O.. 
 
 Huron 
 
 Black River 
 
 Cleveland 
 
 Grand River 
 
 Ashtabula 
 
 Conneaut 
 
 Erie, Pa 
 
 Portland, N.Y. .. 
 Dunkirk 
 
 1 75 
 10 85 
 20105 
 27132 
 30 U2 
 30192 
 14 206 
 30 236 
 30 266 
 
 Buffalo 
 
 45 327 
 
 (548) F'm Detroit to 
 Chicago. 
 
 To Ft. Gratiot. . . 
 Point au Barques 
 Thunder Bay is. 
 
 Presque Isle 
 
 Mackinac 
 
 Manitou Islands. 
 Milwaukie, Wis. 
 
 Racine 
 
 Southport 
 
 Chicago, 111. ... 
 
 (549) Fr'm Monroe to 
 Niles. 
 
 Southern Railroad. 
 
 To Ida 
 
 Somerfield. 
 Deerfield . . 
 Adrian ... 
 
 Dover 
 
 Hudson 
 
 Pittsford... 
 
 Florida 
 
 Hillsdale 
 
 I 12 
 
 6 18 
 
 4 22 
 12 ,34 
 
 7 41 
 10 51 
 
 6 57 
 
 5 62 
 
 6 68 
 
216 
 
 ROUTES IN ILLINOIS. 
 
 Stage. I I 
 
 Sylvanus 8, 76 
 
 Q.uincy 7 83 
 
 C.ild Water I 6 89 
 
 NiLES— 
 
 (see No. 543) ...172161 
 (550) F'M Toledo, C, 
 
 TO NiLES. 
 
 Erie ^ Kalamazoo RR. 
 To VVhiteford . 
 Blissford, Mich 
 
 Palmyra 
 
 Adrian 
 
 NiLES— 
 
 (see No. 549). 
 
 1 12 
 11 ' 23 
 4 27 
 
 6 33 
 
 .127160 
 
 (555) From Shawnee- | 
 
 TOWN TO ViNCENNES 
 
 (551) From Adrian to 
 Jackson. 
 
 To Tecumseli . . . . 
 
 Clinton 
 
 Manchester 
 
 Elba 
 
 Napoleon 
 
 Michigan Centre. 
 Jack.son 
 
 10 
 
 51 15i 
 
 7i 22i 
 
 4( 2ti; 
 
 7i 33 
 
 6 39 
 
 51 44 
 
 (552) From Marshall 
 TO Michigan City, 
 la. 
 
 To Cedar Lake. . . 
 
 Newton 
 
 Athens 
 
 Sherwood 
 
 Port Pleasant 
 
 Nottaway 
 
 Centreville ... 
 
 Mottville 
 
 Bristol, la 
 
 Elkhart 
 
 Mishawaka 
 
 South Bend 
 
 Bis Springs 
 
 Michigan City.. 
 
 1 17 
 6 23 
 8 31 
 
 To New Haven 
 
 Concord 
 
 Carmi 
 
 Phillipstown , . ._ 
 
 Graysville | 9 48 
 
 Mt. Carmel 
 Armstrong . 
 Vincennes 
 
 18 66 
 10 76 
 
 19 95 
 
 (556) From Shawnee- 
 TOWN TO Spring- 
 field. 
 
 To Duncanton ... 1 1 23 
 
 McLeansboro' 16 39 
 
 Moure's Prairie... 13 52 
 
 14 66 
 8 74 
 14 88 
 25113 
 12 125 
 
 I 5 
 8' 13 
 8, 21 
 4! 25 
 6j 31 
 6 37 
 5! 42 
 
 16' 58; 
 6 64 
 8 72 
 
 II 83 
 4 87 
 
 30117 
 
 12129 
 
 (553) F'm Kalamazoo 
 TO Grand Bapids. 
 
 To Richland.... 
 
 Fulton 
 
 VTankee Springs. 
 
 Middleville 
 
 Ada 
 
 Grand Rapids.. 
 
 11 
 15 
 25 
 33 
 53 
 lo: 63 
 
 (554) F'm Kalamazoo 
 
 TO Grand Haven. 
 To Plainville. . 
 
 Otsego 
 
 Allegan 
 
 Richmond 
 
 Suugfituck .... 
 Port Slieldon . . 
 Grand Haven 
 
 Mt. Vern. . 
 Jordon's Prairie 
 
 Salem 
 
 Vandalia 
 
 Hurricane __ _ 
 
 HilJsboro' 15140 
 
 Zanesvijle 126166 
 
 Springfield ....138204 
 
 (557) From Shavvnee- 
 TovvN TO St. Louis. 
 
 To Cypressville 
 
 Equality 
 
 Gallatin 
 
 Frankfort 17 
 
 Mt. Hawkins 29 
 
 Salem |11| 70 
 
 Cato 18! 88 
 
 Maysville 18106 
 
 OIney 251131 
 
 Lawrenceville 22153 
 
 Vincennes i 9|l62 
 
 (561) Fr'm Kaskaskia 
 
 TO St. Louis. 
 To Prairie 
 Rocher. . 
 VVaterloo . 
 Columbia . 
 Cahokia... 
 St. Louis. 
 
 14 
 
 21 35 
 
 8 43 
 
 9 52 
 3. 55 
 
 J) From Alton to 
 Jacksonville. 
 
 Nashville. 
 Pleasant Grove.., 
 
 Mnscoufah 
 
 Belleville 
 
 St. Louis , 
 
 To Brighton 
 
 Delaware 
 
 Fayette 
 
 Greenfield 
 
 lAthensviJIe 
 
 Williamsburg .. 
 Jacksonville. 
 
 i 12 
 12 24 
 
 8 32 
 3 a5 
 8 43 
 10 53 
 lOl 63 
 
 (563) F'm Springfield 
 TO Chicago, 
 
 Via Peoria. 
 
 14tToMiddletown 
 32; Dele van 
 
 (558) From Golconda 
 TO St. Louis. 
 
 ! 34 
 
 12 55 
 
 ToSarahville .... 
 
 Marion C. H 
 
 Frankfort 
 
 St. Louis— 
 
 (see No. 557)... 101(156 
 
 (5.59) From Shawnee- 
 TovvN to Cape Gi- 
 rardeau, Mo. 
 
 To Mt. Airy 
 
 Vienna 
 
 Mt. PiensHUt 
 Jonesboro' . . 
 C-lenr Creek L'd'g 
 
 15 
 32 47 
 10 57; 
 12' 69| 
 
 18 871 
 
 Dillon 
 [Tremont... 
 
 Pekin 
 
 Peoria. . . . 
 
 Rome 
 
 iChillicothe 
 
 Lacon 
 
 Hennepin !l7;il9 
 
 La Salle 151134 
 
 1 Ottawa 15 149 
 
 I 20 
 25 45 
 8 53 
 
 4 57 
 
 5 62 
 8 70 
 
 15 85 
 3 88 
 14102 
 
 Lisbon 
 
 A usable 
 
 Joliet 
 
 Lockport... 
 Keepiiteau . 
 DesPlaines, 
 Flagg Creek 
 
 Summit 4 
 
 Chicago 13 
 
 Cape Girardeau' 6 
 
 I 
 (560; Fr'm KaskaskiaI 
 TO Vincennes. | 
 
 To Sparta 1 I 18! 
 
 Elkhorn 16 
 
 NHshville I 7 
 
 Walnut Hill 18: 
 
 (564) F'm Springfield 
 TO Galena, 
 Via Peoria. 
 
 To Peoria— | | 
 
 (see No. 563) . 
 
 N. Hampton . . . 
 
 ['rovidence..! .. 
 
 Scottsville 
 
 Dixon's Ferry .. 
 
 Buffalo Grove.. 
 
 70 
 20 90 
 24,114 
 35|l4'» 
 12161 
 
 12173 
 
 Cherry Grove ....17|190 
 
 41| Apple River 2.5'215 
 
 59il Galena I5i230 
 
ROUTES IN ILLINOIS. 
 
 217 
 
 (565) F'm Springfield] 
 TO Lewistown. 
 
 To t^alisbury .. 
 
 Petersburg 
 
 Sand Ridge ... 
 
 Hiivamiti 
 
 Wuterford 
 
 Lewistown.. 
 
 I 10; 
 
 11 21 
 6 27 
 
 18! 45! 
 5[ dO| 
 5 55 
 
 (566) F'm Springfield 
 to uuincy. 
 Railroad. 
 To Berlin .... 
 Jacksonville. . 
 
 Bethel 
 
 Meredosia.. 
 iStnge. 
 
 Versailles 
 
 Mt. Sterling.. 
 
 Clayton 
 
 Columbus 
 
 QUINCY 
 
 14 
 
 33' 
 45 
 
 53 
 
 58, 
 14! 72' 
 12: 84 
 12' 96' 
 15111; 
 
 I (570) F'm Springfield 
 
 TO Shawnketown. 
 To Zanesville .... 
 
 iHillsboro' 
 
 i Hurricane 
 
 i Vandalia 
 
 j Salem 
 
 i Jordan's Prairie.. 
 
 Mt. Vernon .. 
 
 j Moore's Prairie. .. 
 jAIcLeansboro' ... 
 
 iDuncanton 
 
 Shawneetown . 
 
 26 641 
 
 15 7.91 
 12 91 ! 
 25116 
 14 130 
 
 8:138! 
 14! 152 1 
 13|165; 
 
 16 181 
 23 204! 
 
 (567) F'm Springfield 
 TO Burlington, Io. 
 
 Via JacksoiivilLe and 
 Beardstown. 
 Rnilroad. 
 To Jacksonville .. 
 Stage. 
 
 Arcadia 
 
 Buth 
 
 Beardstown 9 
 
 Rushville 12 
 
 Doddsville ;ll 
 
 Macomb 16 
 
 Muddy Lane 12; 
 
 Bedford i 5' 
 
 Honey Creek I 7120 
 
 Shokokan , 7127 
 
 Burlington 8135 
 
 (568) F'm Springfield 
 TO F't Madison, Io. 1 
 
 Via JVauvoo. j 
 
 To Rushville— 
 (see No. 567) . . . 
 
 Camden 
 
 HuntsviJle 
 
 Pulaski 
 
 Augusta 
 
 Plymouth 
 
 Carthage 14115 
 
 Nauvoo 18133 
 
 Appanoos 8141 
 
 Fort Madison.. 2143| 
 
 (569) F'm Springfield 
 to St. Louis. 
 
 101 
 
 1(571) F'm Springfield 
 
 TO ClNflNN.^TI, 
 
 Via Indianapolis. 
 
 To Rochester ! 10 
 
 ,Taylorsville 16 26 
 
 Shelbyville 34 60 
 
 Cochran's Grove . 12 72 
 
 Paradise j 9 81 
 
 Bethsaida 71 88 
 
 Charleston ' 8' 96 
 
 Hitesville 12,108, 
 
 Grandview 6 114 
 
 Paris 10 124 
 
 Elbridge 9 133 
 
 Terre Haute .. 11144 
 
 I Van Buren 12 156 j 
 
 Harmony 7|163 
 
 I Manhattiin 8171 
 
 4175 
 61181 
 8!l89| 
 8197 
 
 5 2021 
 
 6 2081 
 9,2171 
 
 1053^21 
 
 (574) From Peoria to 
 
 Chicago, 
 (See No. 563) 1 1162 
 
 (575) From Peoria to 
 
 Galena. 
 To N. Hampton..! 
 
 Providence 24 
 
 Scottsville !35 
 
 Dixonsville 12 
 
 Burthlo Grove 12 
 
 Cherry Grove il7 
 
 Apple River 25 
 
 Galena ,15 
 
 (576) From Peoria to 
 j Burlington. 
 
 To Robin's Nest.. I 
 
 Charleston 7 
 
 French Creek 6 
 
 Trenton 8 
 
 Knox C. H (lO 
 
 Galesbur^' i 5 
 
 C.ld Brook tlO 
 
 JMONMOUTH., 
 
 Oijuawka 
 
 Burlington 
 
 .... 6 
 ....'18 
 lo.llO 
 
 Pntnanisville .. 
 Mt. Meridian.. 
 
 Stilesville 
 
 Belleville 
 
 Plainfield 
 
 Bridgeport 
 
 Indianapolis. 
 Cincinnati— 
 (see No. 532) , 
 
 (572) F'm Springfield 
 TO La Fayette, la. i 
 
 To Mechanicsb'rgl | 15; 
 
 Decatur |25 40 
 
 Mouticello ^25 65 
 
 Urbana ,22; 87 
 
 Union Il4;101 
 
 Danville 20121 
 
 Covington, la. ... |15 136 
 La Fayette— i I 
 (see No. 535) ... 40 176 
 
 (573) From Jackson- 
 ville TO St. Louis. 
 
 To Auburn 
 
 Carlinville 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 Paddock's Grove. 
 Edwardsville 
 
 I 15! 
 
 24 39, 
 20 59; 
 81 67 
 
 7^ 74 
 
 To Williamsburg. 
 
 Manchester 
 
 Whitehall 
 
 Carrollton 
 
 Kane. 
 
 Jersey ville 
 
 Delhi, 
 
 Alton 13 
 
 St. Louis 21 951 St. Louis. 
 
 JO 
 
 (577) From Peoria to 
 , St. Louis. 
 
 To Pekin. 
 'J'remont.. 
 Dillon .... 
 Delevan.. 
 
 Middletown 25 
 
 Springriekl 20 
 
 St. Louis- 
 i (seeNo. 569) ,..i95il65 
 
 (578) F'm Chicago to 
 I Milwaukee, Wis. 
 To Dutchman's 1 I 
 
 Point I 12 
 
 Wheeling 4! 16 
 
 Halfday 5l 21 
 
 Liberty ville 7i 28 
 
 Abington 4' 32 
 
 Little Fort 7 39 
 
 Otsego 8 47 
 
 Salona, Wis 7 54 
 
 Southport 7 61 
 
 Racine 11 72 
 
 OMk Creek 15, 87 
 
 Milwaukee 10, 97 
 
 (579) Fr'm Chicago to 
 I Madison, Wis. 
 
 I. 
 
 To Rockford— 
 (see No. 580) . 
 
 R( scoe 
 
 Pecatonica 
 
 Beloit 
 
 Janesville 
 
 Union 
 
 85 
 13 98 
 4 102 
 4106 
 I2I1I8 
 
 ^ 21139 
 
 Madison 120159 
 
218 
 
 C580) F'm Chicago t 
 Frairie du Chikn. 
 Fia Galena. 
 To Cazenoviti. 
 Blooiningdiile 
 
 Elgin 
 
 Udina 
 
 Hampshire... 
 il.. 
 
 Cora 
 Marengo 
 
 Amesville 
 
 Belvidere 
 
 Clevelanil 
 
 ROCKFORD 
 
 Vaiiceburg 
 
 Silver Creek — 
 
 Freepoit 
 
 Burr-oak Grove 
 
 Apple River 18143 
 
 Galena 1}1J8 
 
 Jiiinestuwn 
 
 Paris 8184 
 
 C>issville 18 202 
 
 Pi.tch Grove 12 214 
 
 PrairieduChien 15 22.J 
 
 ROUTES IN ILLINOIS. 
 
 Rome ' 3] 1 47 r Cold WATER 
 
 Peoria 13 lB2i amncy 
 
 Pekin 81/0, ;-sylvanus 
 
 TreiDont 5 Ho fl'iP'o 
 
 Dillon 4 li9, Moscow 
 
 Delevan 8 18; i Somerset . . . . 
 
 3-J VI iddletown 25 212 | Woodstock. . 
 
 •11 Springdeld 20 232 Cambridge 
 
 49 St. Locis- | , ,^, 
 
 CseeNo. 5e9)...95 327 
 
 59 
 64 
 71 
 781 
 &)l 
 97 
 lot) 
 6112 
 1312 
 
 (581) F'm Chicago to 
 Rock Island, 
 
 (583) F'm Chicago to 
 Shavvneetown. 
 
 To Summit I I 13 
 
 Flag Creek 1 4 17 
 
 DesPlaines i 6 23 
 
 Keepateau 4 2/ 
 
 Lockport I 8 do 
 
 .Ioliet '5 40 
 
 Wilmington 20, GO 
 
 ,o,-^.uRockville 10 70 
 
 cU.llBulbonus Grove.. 6 76 
 
 Iroquois 28iin4 
 
 Milford 12116 
 
 North Fork 22!i:« 
 
 Danville 16154 
 
 Georgetown 10,164 
 
 Bloomtield lo 1 ' 
 
 5227 
 7 234 
 51239 
 5244 
 5.249 
 
 Via Dixon. 
 
 Iron Creek . 
 
 i Clinton 
 
 ' Benton 
 
 Saline 
 
 Pittsfield.... 
 Ypsilanti . 
 
 I Central Railroad. 
 
 S. Plymouth 7 256 
 
 S. Nankin 8,264 
 
 Dearborn 5 269 
 
 Detroit 10l279 
 
 C585) Fr'm Galena to 
 Chicago, 
 Fia Rockford. 
 To Elizabeth, (or 
 Apple River)... 
 Burr-oak Grove .. 
 Freeport 
 
 Paris 13;iH2! Silver Creek 
 
 Marshall 
 
 Darwin 
 
 York 
 
 !Hutsoiisville... 
 
 Palestine 
 
 iKussellviUe..., 
 1 Vincennks ... 
 I Armstro 
 
 To Brush Hill.... I 
 Downer's Grove.. j ' 
 
 Napierville , I 
 
 Aurora ! 
 
 Sugar Grove ] 
 
 Acasta i 
 
 Little Rock j : 
 
 Soinonaiik : ' 
 
 Pawpaw Grove ..11 
 
 lulet. ]16 92; 
 
 UiXoN 141061 
 
 Sterling 5111 
 
 Rock River Rap-I 
 
 ids 7118 
 
 Lyndon 12130 (■584) p'^i Chicago to 
 
 Crandair* Ferry..lll 141 ^ Detroit. 
 
 Rock Ls LAND.... 331174 
 
 (582) F'm Chicago to 
 St. Louis 
 
 ^ .Mt. Carmel 10 294 
 
 ^^iGraysville 18 312 
 
 Philipstown 
 
 Carmi 
 
 Concord 
 
 New Haven 
 
 Suawnektovvn 
 
 I62O81! Vanc.eburg. 
 10 218; Rockford. 
 
 9 22, I Cleveland.. 
 
 232 1 1 Belvidere... 
 
 8 24Uji Amesville.. 
 1;5 2 Oji Marengo ... 
 
 10260 Coral 
 
 19 284 Hampshire, 
 
 9 321 
 
 8 329 
 
 6 343 
 
 Udina. 
 
 Elgin 
 
 Bloomingdale.. 
 
 Cazenovia 
 
 Chicago 
 
 4103 
 6109 
 8117 
 61123 
 12135 
 12147 
 llllaS 
 
 I ^, , 1 , ,.T I t,iK urove ii<S| 
 
 ToCalmnet ' ^^ Re|,„„„t 7! 
 
 City \\ est, la 24 3b jyimeral Point .... 12 
 
 Fia Peoria a,- Spring 
 field. 
 
 To Summit 1 ! ISjiNiles 
 
 Flag Creek 4! nljEdwardsburg 
 
 Des Plaines. 
 
 City . 
 
 Michigan City..!' I ^ 
 
 Laporte 12 b-i 
 
 Hudson 13 /8 
 
 Terre Coupee 5 M 
 
 10 10' 
 6; 23!lAdamsville 
 
 (586) Fr'm Galena to 
 
 Madison. 
 
 ToH-izel Green. .1 | 9 
 
 iKlk Grove 12, 21 
 
 Keepateau i 4 2* [Union 
 
 Lockport I 8 ai : Mottsville . . . . 
 
 JoLiET I 5 40llWhite Pigeon.... 
 
 Au Sable '13 53 W. Sherman 
 
 J,isbon 9 62 Sherman 
 
 Ottawa 21 83 Freedoni , 
 
 La Salle 15 98 Prairie River 
 
 Hennepin 1"» 1131, Bronson's Prairie, 
 
 l.iicon 1' 130 Batavia 
 
 Chillicothe 14 1441, Branch 
 
 112 
 119 
 6112 
 61131 
 8139 
 5144 
 4' 148 
 5153 
 51.58 
 4162 
 4166 
 
 Mineral P< 
 [)odgeville 
 
 Ridgeway | 9 
 
 Beaumont jlO 67 
 
 Madison 251 92 
 
 (587) Fr'm Galena to 
 Pr.urie du Chien. 
 
 To Jamestown ... 
 
 Paris .' 
 
 Cassville 
 
 Patch Grove 
 
 PrairieduChien 
 
 s! 
 
 181 
 12| 
 il5i 7 
 
 (588) Fr'm Galena to 
 
 DuBUilUE. 
 
 By Stage fcFerryl I id 
 
"ROUTES IN WISCOXSIN AND IOWA. 
 
 219 
 
 (589) Fr'm Galena to 
 Rock Island. 
 
 To Hanover. 
 
 Savannah 
 
 Fulton 
 
 Albany 
 
 Cordova . ... 
 Port Byron .. 
 Hampton. 
 
 14' 2t< 
 
 IB 45 
 
 10 00 
 
 13 68 
 
 (5 74 
 
 10 84 
 
 Uoik Island.... 10 94 
 
 (590) F'm Rock Island 
 TO St. Louis. 
 
 I 42 
 .34 76 
 16i 92 
 11103 
 12115 
 9124 
 8132 
 
 95 234 
 
 To Monmouth ... 
 
 Macomb 
 
 l»o(].lsville 
 
 Kusbville 
 
 Heardstown 
 
 Bath 
 
 Arcadia 
 
 .larksonville 
 
 St. Louis— 
 (see No. 573) . . . 
 
 (591) F'm Rock Island 
 TO Chicago. 
 
 To Crandall's Fer- 
 ry 
 
 I^yndon 
 
 Rock River Rap- 
 ids 12 
 
 Sterling I 7 
 
 Dixon 5 
 
 Inlet 
 
 Pawpaw Grove .. 
 
 Somonauk 
 
 Little Rock 
 
 Acasta 
 
 Sugar Grove 
 
 Aurora 
 
 Napierville 
 
 Downer's Grove.. 
 Brush Hill. 
 
 (593) F'm Milwaukee 
 TO Chicago. 
 
 To Oak Creek....! 
 
 Racine 
 
 Soiitliport 
 
 Salona 
 
 Otseixo, III I 
 
 Little Fort 
 
 .■\bington 
 
 (iil)e(tyville 
 
 Halfdiiy 
 
 Wheeling 
 
 Dutchman's Point 
 Chicago, 111 
 
 (594) From Mouth of 
 Illinois River to 
 La Salle. 
 
 68 
 14 82 
 
 16 28 
 
 17 115 
 6121 
 3124 
 7131 
 6137 
 9 146 
 6152 
 4156 
 
 Chicago 18174 
 
 (592) F'm Rock Island 
 
 to Milwaukee. 
 To Di.xon— I 1 
 
 (see No. 591) . . . ! | 68 
 Grand Detour .... 6 74 
 
 Oregon City ! 91 83 
 
 Byron 11 94 
 
 Kockford 16110 
 
 Roscoe 13123 
 
 ](598) F'm Madison to 
 Galena. 
 
 To Beaumont ' 
 
 Kidirewiiv 10 
 
 Dodgeville 9 
 
 Mineral Point 8 
 
 I Belmont 12 
 
 Elk Grove 7 
 
 Hazel Green 12 
 
 Galena 
 
 Steiimhoat. \ 
 
 To Montezuma 
 
 Naples 18 
 
 Meredosi* 7 
 
 Beardstowu 15 
 
 Havauua 30 
 
 Pekin 30 
 
 Peoria 9 
 
 Rome 13116; 
 
 l<ac(m 12 179 
 
 Hennepin 18 197 
 
 La Salle 15 212 
 
 (595) F'm Milwaukee 
 to Rock Island. 
 
 (599) F'm Dubuque to 
 Davenport. 
 
 To Andrew I 128 
 
 lie Witt 28 56 
 
 Davem'ort llSl 74 
 
 (600) F'm Davenport 
 to Iowa City. 
 
 To Rockingham..! 
 
 Montpelier 
 
 Wyoming 
 
 Bloomington 
 
 Overman's Ferry 
 
 W. Liberty 
 
 Iowa City 
 
 8| 48 
 
 121 eo 
 
 (601) F'm Davenport 
 TO Burlington. 
 
 To Bloomington.. ' 29 
 
 Mu.scMtine 11 40 
 
 Grand view 3 43 
 
 Wiippello 9 52 
 
 Florence j 7 59 
 
 Yellow Springs...! 9 68 
 
 i Burlington Ilo 83 
 
 To Greenfield ....I I 6 
 
 New Berlin 4l 10 ; 
 
 Vernon j 6; 16 
 
 Mukwunago 5 21 
 
 Sugar Creek'. ■.".'.'./ 8 41 1 CG02) F'm Burlington 
 
 Johnston 12 53 i to Iowa City. 
 
 ' "esville 12 tja. To Yellow Springs I 15 
 
 ■ Florence 9 24 
 
 Wappello i 7i 31 
 
 Grand view 9 40 
 
 Mnscatine 3 43 
 
 Bloomington Hi 54 
 
 ■•• Liberty 19 73 
 
 Iowa City 121 85 
 
 Pecatonica . 
 
 Beloit , 
 
 Janesville 
 
 Johnstown ... 
 Sugar Creek. 
 
 Troy 
 
 Mukwanago 
 
 Vernon 
 
 New Berlin . 
 Greenfield . . . 
 
 Milwaukee Hi 
 
 41 
 
 4 131! 
 12 143 i 
 121551 
 12 167 
 
 8175 
 12187 
 5.1921 
 6 198, 
 
 4*202 
 
 Beloit 12 
 
 Pecatonica ; 4 81' 
 
 Roscoe 4 85l 
 
 Rockford 13 98 
 
 Byron 16114 
 
 Oregon City 11125 iv 
 
 Grand Detour.... 91341 
 Uixon 6140 
 
 Rock Island 
 
 (596) F'm Milwaukee 
 TO Madison. 
 
 (603) F'm Burlington 
 
 TO St. Louis. 
 To Augusta I H 
 
 Fort Madison , 
 .Montrose. 
 
 34 
 
 To Prairie VillMge' ! 1; 
 
 Summit In 30! St. Francisville 
 
 Aztalan 20 50l! M.. .'..11 
 
 Cottage Grove ... 9 59) Waterloo 6 
 
 Madison 21 80 Winchester 10 
 
 Alonticeilo ilS 
 
 (597) F'm Madison to pav-is's Prairie ...I 6 
 Fort Winnebago, La Grange 9 91 
 
 Palmyra 18109 
 
 By Stage I 1 40l:Hannibal 13:122 
 
220 
 
 ROUTES IN MISSOURI. 
 
 New London ... 
 
 10132 
 
 Frankfort 
 
 8i4(: 
 
 Bowling Green 
 
 14 M 
 
 Auburn 
 
 20 114 
 
 Troy 
 
 12 I8H 
 
 Flint Hill 
 
 10 \% 
 
 Bt. Peter's 
 
 I4 2ir 
 
 Bt. Charles.... 
 
 8 21 J; 
 
 Owen's s?tation... 
 
 h;22-i 
 
 VV^ultonliarn 
 
 51229 
 
 St. Louis 
 
 9:2^8 
 
 10 44 
 
 10 59 
 
 8 67 
 6 73 
 
 (604) F'm Burlington 
 TO Peoria. 
 
 ToOquawka .... | 10 
 
 RJonniouth 18 
 
 Cold Brook 6i 34 
 
 (ialesburg 
 
 Knox C. H. .. 
 
 Trenton 
 
 French Creek 
 Charleston ... 
 
 Robin's Nest , ., 
 
 Peoria il4l 94 
 
 (605) F'm Burlington 
 
 TO CiuiNCY. 
 
 To Augusta... 
 Fort Madison . 
 Appanoos, 111. 
 
 Nauvoo 
 
 l)es Moines 
 
 Warsaw 
 
 Green Plains . . 
 
 Lima 
 
 Ursa 
 
 11 
 22 
 24 
 32 
 42 
 49 
 54 
 62 
 70 
 auiNcy 10: 80 
 
 (606) From St. Louis 
 TO Chicago, 
 
 Via Spr hi g field. III., 
 
 and Peoria. 
 To Edwardsville .1 I 21 
 Paddock's Grove. 7 28 
 
 Lincoln 8 36 
 
 Carlinville 120 56 
 
 Auburn 24 80 
 
 Springfield 15 95 
 
 Chicago— > 
 
 (seeNo. 563)... 232327 
 
 (607) From St. Louis 
 TO Galena. 
 
 yia Sprhis;f'd, Peoria, 
 
 £,- Uixunsville. 
 To Springfield— I | 
 
 (see No. 606) . . . 95 
 Galena— I I 
 
 (see No. 564)... 230325 
 
 (608) From St. Louis 
 TO Burlington, Io. 
 Via Jacksonville, III. 
 
 To Alton 1 l' 
 
 Delhi. 
 
 ,113137 
 
 |Jersej'ville 
 
 I Kane 
 
 Carrol lt(jn 
 
 Whitehall 
 
 Manchester 
 
 Williamsburg 10 
 
 Jacksonville 10 
 
 Burlington— I 
 (see No. 567)... 102 
 
 (609) From St. Louis 
 TO Iowa City. 
 
 To Waitnnham..| 1 9 
 Owen's Station . . ■ 5! 14 
 
 St. Charles 6 20 
 
 St. Peter's 8 28 
 
 Flint Hill 14 42 
 
 Troy 10 52 
 
 Auburn 12 64 
 
 ng Green... 20 84 
 
 Richmond ll4!-249^ 
 
 Elkhorn 
 
 9'238 
 
 Fredericksburg... 
 
 5 263 
 
 Liberty 
 
 13|276 
 
 Barry 
 
 10 286 
 
 Piatt City 
 
 
 Fort Leaven- 
 
 1 
 
 worth 
 
 S307 
 
 (611) From St. 1 
 
 ^OUIS 
 
 TO Jefferson City, 
 
 To Fulton— 
 
 1 
 
 (see No. 610) . . . 
 
 !l09 
 
 -NewBloomlield.. 
 
 22 131 
 
 Hibernia 
 
 10141 
 
 Jefferson City. 
 
 1142 
 
 (612) From St. Louis 
 TO Independence. 
 
 To Manchester...] 120 
 
 Frankfort 14 98 Fox Creek 14 34 
 
 New Loudon 8 106, Point Labadie....| 9 43 
 
 Hannibal 10116 Union 
 
 Palmyra 13 129| Gasconade 
 
 La Grange 18 147 1 Lucy's Creek 
 
 Davis's Prairie... 9156i Lisle 
 
 Monticello 6162 Jefferson City. 
 
 Winchester 151' 
 
 Waterloo 10187 
 
 St. Francisville... 6193: 
 Montrose 11204 
 
 Marion 
 
 Moniteau 
 
 Clark's Fork 
 Boonvillk . 
 
 Fort Madison.. 12 216 La Mine. 
 
 Augusta 11^227 
 
 Burlington 11|238 
 
 Iowa City— 1 
 (see No. 602) . . . ,85i323 
 
 (610) From St. Louis 
 to Ft. Leavenw'th, 
 Via St.Charles, Fulton, 
 
 Si' Chariton. j 
 
 To Waltonham 
 Owen's Station...! 5 
 St. Charles I 6 
 
 12 ,55 
 3; 92 
 14I1O6 
 12 118 
 10128 
 1.3 143 
 5148 
 15 163 
 10173 
 10 183 
 Arrow Rock ... 12 l.^io 
 
 Marshall il5 2IO 
 
 Grand Pass 16 226 
 
 Mt. Hope I 8234 
 
 Dover ' 7 241 
 
 Lexington 11 252 
 
 Wellnigton 12 264 
 
 Fort Osage 16 280 
 
 Independence ..12 292 
 
 Stockland 
 
 Pond Fort 3 
 
 Hickory Grove ... 13 
 
 iWarrenton 10 
 
 High Hill : 9 
 
 Danville 17 
 
 Williamsburg 10 
 
 Jones's Tanyard. 
 Fulton 
 
 9 (613) From St. Louis 
 14 to Ft. Smith, Ark. 
 32 Via Caledonia and 
 35 Sprinfffield. 
 
 48 ToCarondotet.... 
 58 Jerterson Barracks 
 67 Knott's Sulphur 
 
 84 Springs 
 
 94 Clifton 
 
 7101 Hillsboro' 
 
 8.109 Glenfinlas 
 
 Millersburg 12121 Old Mines 1 
 
 Columbia 12133 Potosi 7 67 
 
 Decatur 18151 (^aledonia 12 79 
 
 Fayette 9 160 Harniony 15 94 
 
 Glasgow 12 172 ( )sage 15 109 
 
 Chariton > 2174 Sfeelville 12121 
 
 Kevtesville 15189 Maran.ec C. H. .. 12133 
 
 Brunswick 111200 Little Prairie 10 143 
 
 Ple.asant Park .... 1 9 209 Little Piney 20,163 
 
 Manliiis I 6 215 Pine Bluff I 8 171 
 
 Carrollton 7 222 Wnynesville Il2 183 
 
 Round Grove 13235, Bellefonte Wl^ 
 
 5.1 
 
 11' 22 
 
 4 26 
 
 15 41 
 
 10 51 
 
 60 
 
ROUTES IN MISSOURI. 
 
 221 
 
 Oakland 
 
 Cave Spring 
 
 Woodbury 
 
 Pleasant Prairie . . 
 VValnnt Forest... 
 
 PPRINGFIKLD 
 
 Cane Creelt 
 
 Cassville 
 
 Bentonville, Ark. 
 
 Fayetteviile 
 
 Sweet Home 
 
 Cane Hill 
 
 Evansville 
 
 Van Bnren 
 
 Fort SiMIth 
 
 131207 
 8215 
 102-25 
 I2|237 
 13250 
 82.58 
 23281 
 27|308 
 31339 
 22 361 
 10 371 
 6377 
 ]0 387 
 30 417 
 I 5422 
 
 (614) F'm St. Louis to 
 Little Rock, Ark. 
 
 Via Caledunia, Freder- 
 icktvwH, and Hicks' 
 Ferry, Jirk. 
 
 To Caledonia— 1 I 
 (see No. 613) ...I | 79 
 
 Farmin^'ton 22101 
 
 Mnie La Motte...j 4105 
 Frederiektuwn ... 4 109 
 
 Greenville 35144 
 
 Cane Creek 23 167 
 
 Hick's Ferry, Ark 27 194 
 FuurcheDu Mas. 14 208 
 
 Jackson 16 224 
 
 Smith ville 15 239 
 
 Reed's Creek 15 254 
 
 Patesville 20 274 
 
 Searcy C. H 40 314 
 
 LiTTLK Rock . . . 50,364 
 
 (615) F'm St. Louis to 
 Nkvv Madrid. 
 
 To Fredericktown I 
 (see No. 614) . . . 109 
 
 Jackson 38 147 
 
 Cape Girardeau.. 11 158 
 
 Spring Hill 1 6164 
 
 Benton ! 9173 
 
 Pleasant Plains... 10183 
 
 Ogden 8191 
 
 Nkvv Madrid 23 214 
 
 (616) F'm St. Louts to 
 Louisville, Ky. 
 
 Via. Vincennes. 
 
 Berry villa 
 
 Washington 
 
 Mt. Pleasant — 
 
 (/oliinibiaville 
 
 Paoli 
 
 Hardinsburg .... 
 Fredericksburg.. 
 
 Palmyra 
 
 (Jreenvilie 
 
 New Albany 
 
 Louisville 
 
 4279 
 
 (617) F'm St. Louis to 
 
 Indianapolis, 
 
 Via Vavdnlia, 111., &,■ 
 
 Ttrre Haate, la. 
 
 13| 183 11 Pawnee Fork ....| 61595 
 
 7 190 ! Coon Creek 331628 
 
 15! 205 j Caches 36664 
 
 122171 Ford of Arkansas. 20 684 
 
 16 233p Sand Creek 150 734 
 
 12 245 Cimarron River ..I 8 742 
 
 5250' I Middle Spring '36 778 
 
 5255|VVillow Bar 26 804 
 
 8263 [Upper Spring .... 18822 
 12 2751; Cold Spring i hi 
 
 McNee's Creek... 25 852 
 Rabbit-ear Creek. 20 872 
 Round Mound ...i 8 880 
 
 Rock Creek ! 8888 
 
 Pomt of Rocks... 19 907 
 
 Rio Colorado. 
 
 Ocate 
 
 16' Santa Clara 
 25 41 i Spring. 
 
 60 'Rio Mora 22 976 
 
 8 58 RioGallinas ... 
 
 9 67;Ojo de Bernal 
 
 6 73:1 Spring 
 
 7 80 San Miguel. 
 9 89, 
 
 94 
 
 Pecos Village , 
 Santa Fe 
 
 To Collinsville ... 
 {Hickory Grove... 
 
 Greenville 
 
 Mulberry Grove.. 
 
 Vandaha 
 
 Cumberland 
 
 Howard's Point .. 
 
 IFreemanton 
 
 Ewington 
 
 Woodbury 18112 
 
 Greenup 7 119 
 
 Casey 10129 
 
 Martinsville 6135 
 
 Marshall 12147 
 
 [iiviiigston 4 151 rri t' r >j> 
 
 Terke Haute ..13 164 To Knn^^asL d g. 
 
 Van Bnren '12176 
 
 Harmony I 7183 
 
 Manhattan I 8191 
 
 Putnamsville 419.5 
 
 Mt. Meridian 6 201 
 
 Stilesville 8 209 
 
 iBelJeville 8217 
 
 Plainrield 5 222 
 
 Bridgeport 6 228 
 
 Indianapolis — 9 237 
 
 20 927 
 
 69 
 
 I 
 
 21954 
 
 20 [ 
 
 171013 
 61019 
 231042 
 251067 
 
 (619) F'm St. Louis to 
 Astoria, Oregon. 
 
 Steamboat, 
 
 (618) F'm St. Louis to 
 
 Santa Fe. 
 
 i Stage. 
 
 To Tndepend'ce, 
 
 (see No. 612) ... 
 
 Car II van Route. 
 
 XA'estport 
 
 (tn. of KanwsR.) 
 [ (see page 227)... I 1381 
 ! Emigrant Route. 
 Kansas River i i 
 
 Oossing 75' 456 
 
 Platte River.... !220, 676 
 Forks of Platte' 
 
 River 115 791 
 
 Chininev R.ick. 155 946 
 Scott's Blurt'.... i 22 068 
 Fort Larimie...i 601028 
 
 Red Buttes 1551183 
 
 Rock Iiidepend-! 
 
 ! ence I 501233 
 
 South Pass... lUO 1343 
 
 CJreen River.... 701413 
 
 Beer Springs... 1901603 
 
 12 304 Fort Hall 501653 
 
 To Belleville, 111.. 
 
 Rock Spring 
 
 Lebanon 
 
 Aviston 
 
 Shoal Creek 
 
 (Carlisle 
 
 Salem 26 
 
 Cato 18 
 
 Maysvillo 18 
 
 Olney 25il39; 
 
 Jiawrenceville 22|161i 
 
 ViNCE.NNES. la... 9170. 
 
 Round Grove 23 32/ American Fiill.<.| 221675 
 
 Narrows 30 357 Fishing Falls. . . 1251800 
 
 110 Mile Creek . . . 35 392 Lewis R. Cross- i 
 
 Bridse Creek 8 400 ing 401840 
 
 Big John Spring.. 40 440 Fort Boi-e 1301970 
 
 Council Grove....! 2 442 Hnrnt River... . 702040 
 Diamond Spring .15 457 Grande Ronde.. 68 2108 
 
 Lost Spring 15 472 Ft. Wallawalla. 90 2198 
 
 Cottonwood Cr'k. 12 484 Umatillah Riv.. 252223 
 Turkey Creek.... 25 509 John Day's R.. 70229-3 
 
 Little Arkansas . . 17 526 Falls River 20 2313 
 
 Cow Creek 20 546 Dalles 20;2333 
 
 j Arkansiis River . . 16 562 Cascades 45 2378 
 
 Walnut Creek.... 8 570 i Fort Vancouver 552433 
 .Ash Creek ID 589 Astoria 10o|_'533 
 
STEAMBOAT ROUTES 
 
 THE OHIO AND MISSISSIPPI RIVERS. 
 
 (Route 620) 
 
 Names of Places. 
 
 P^i 
 
 SS S-^ 
 
 ■51 "ii J="! £' 2l ^i --t 1-5 
 Ol H^' Si S «C 'h kcI S 
 
 Pittsburg, Ph 
 
 Middletown, " 
 
 licoiioinyj " 
 
 lieaver, " 
 
 Georgetown, " 
 
 IJverpool, Ohio 
 
 VVellsville, " 
 
 Steuben villa, *' 
 
 Welisville, Va 
 
 Wiirren, O 
 
 Wheeling, Vti 
 
 Bridgepurt, O 
 
 Eliziiliethf.own, Vii 
 
 Laiiesville, " 
 
 Sisters ville, " 
 
 Grand View, Ohio 
 
 Newpitrt, *' 
 
 Marietta, " 
 
 Muskinstiin River 
 
 Vienna, Va 
 
 Parkersburg, " 
 
 JuitUt Kannwha River . 
 iilannerhassett's Island. 
 
 Troy, O 
 
 Belleville, Va 
 
 JLetart's Rapids 
 
 Pomeroy, O 
 
 Point Pleasant, Va 
 
 Oreat Kavawka River 
 Galli^jlis, Ohio.... 
 Racuun Creek, " ... 
 JVeweastle, " 
 
 Guyandotte, Va 
 
 Oiiyandotte River 
 
 Burlington, O 
 
 Big Sandy River, Va. 
 
 C'atletsburg, Ky 
 
 Hanging Rock. O 
 
 Ky. 
 
 2021 294' 431 
 209, 5«7j 424 
 
 211 285 422 
 221 2,0 412 
 226 270| 407 
 264 232 369 
 279: 217 354 
 296| 200 mi 
 
 300' 196 333 
 
 306' 190 327 
 
 315 181 318 
 
 337; 159| 296 
 
 1U04 1246 
 992 12:j4 
 979 1221 
 969 1211 
 9531195 
 950; 1192 
 9451187 
 924 1166 
 917,1159 
 9091151 
 9001142 
 8991141 
 887 1129 
 872 1114 
 850 1092 
 842 1084 
 825 1067 
 808 1050 
 
 1743 2044 
 1731 2032 
 1718 2019 
 1708 2009 
 1692 1993 
 1689 1990 
 1684 1985 
 1663 1964 
 I606 1957 
 1648 1949 
 1639 1940 
 1638 1939 
 1626 1927 
 1611 1.412 
 lo89 1890 
 1581 1882 
 1564 1865 
 1547 1848 
 
 2149 1176 
 2137 1164 
 2|24 1151 
 2114 1141 
 2098 1125 
 2095 1122 
 20.40 1117 
 2069 1096 
 2062 1089 
 2054 1081 
 2045 10-2 
 2044 1071 
 2032 1059 
 2017 1044 
 1995 lt)22 
 1987 1014 
 1970 997 
 1953 980 
 
 8021044 154118421947 
 795 1037 1534 lt(35 1940 
 
 965 
 
 793 103511532 18:i3] 
 
 78310251152218231928, 955 
 
 778 1020 1517 1818 19231 950 
 
 740 9S2'l479 1780 I8S51 912 
 
 7251 967 1464 1765 1870 8!»7 
 
 708 950 1447 1748 1853 M) 
 
 7041 946144317441849 876 
 
 698 940143717381843 870 
 
 689 9311142a 1729 1834 861 
 
 667, 90911406 1707 181'J " " 
 
 345 151 288 659 901139816^91804 
 
 349! 1471 284 655' 897 j 1394 16.951800 
 3631 133 2701 641i 883138016811786 
 
STEAMBOAT ROUTES OHIO RIVER. 
 
 223 
 
 Names of Places. 
 
 
 
 Greenupsburg, Ky 
 
 fjiU/e Hand!/ River 
 
 Portsmouth, O 
 
 Scioto River 
 
 Uockville, O 
 
 Viiiicebiirf?, Ky 
 
 Rome, O 
 
 CiMicord, Ky 
 
 Miiiicliester, O 
 
 Mavsvillk, Ky. 
 
 Aberdeen, (opposite,) O 
 
 Ripley, O 
 
 Higj^insport, O 
 
 Aiijrusta, Ky 
 
 Noviile, Ohio 
 
 Moscow, " 
 
 ]N'ew Richmond, '* 
 
 Ijittle. Miami River 
 
 Columbia, Ohio 
 
 Fulton, " 
 
 Cincinnati, '* 
 
 Newport, " 
 
 Covington, (opposite,) Ky. ... 
 
 North Bend, O 
 
 Liiwreiiceburg, la 
 
 Aurora, " 
 
 Rising Sun, " ■ 
 
 Patriot, " 
 
 VVarsa w, Ky 
 
 New York, la 
 
 Vevay, " ^ 
 
 (ihent, (opposite,) Ky 
 
 CarroUtoii, " 
 
 JMotitli of Kentucky River ... 
 
 Madison, la 
 
 Milton, (opposite,) Ky , 
 
 New [>()ndon, la , 
 
 Bethlehem, " 
 
 VVestport, Ky 
 
 I'harleston, la 
 
 Utica, '• 
 
 Jetiersonville, " 
 
 LouisyiLLK, Ky 
 
 Shippiugsport, '* 
 
 Portland, " 
 
 New Albany, (opposite,) la 
 
 Salt River, Ky.. 
 
 AVest Point, " 
 
 Brandenburg, " 
 
 Mauksport la 
 
 Level) worth, " 
 
 Fred(jnia, " 
 
 Rome, " 
 
 Stevensport, Ky 
 
 Cloverport. " 
 
 105 
 
 Pi 
 
 •>&;';£■= lis feOfeS 
 
 264 
 
 613 855 
 
 5^3 835 
 
 1374 1675 1780 
 
 "I " ! ■ 
 
 1352 1653,17 
 
 "1 "I 
 1336 1637 1742 
 133216331 
 587 8291326162711732 
 583 825 1322 1623 1728 
 
 807 
 
 67 204 575: 81711314 1615 1720] 747 
 551 192, 563 805 1302 1603 1708 735 
 
 47 184! 555) 
 
 41: 178 549 
 
 38, 175| 546 
 
 30 167 538, 
 
 26, 163 534 
 
 19, 1.j6, 527 
 
 10, 147' 518 
 
 5, 142 513 
 
 2 i:« 510 
 
 0, 137; 5U8 
 
 797 1294 15951700 727 
 
 79M--'88 Li89 16941 721 
 
 7S8 1285 lo86 1691 718 
 
 780 1277 1578 1683! 710 
 
 776 1273 1574 1679. 706 
 
 769 1266 1567 16:2' 699 
 760il2.>7 1558 1663! 
 
 1252 1553 1658 
 
 1249 1550 1655 
 
 750 1247 1548 1653 
 
 16 121; 492, 734'1231'15321637 
 
 23; 114 485' 72711224 15251630 
 
 27 110 489 723 1220 1521 1626 
 
 36! 101 472 714 121115121617 
 
 49 88 459 701119814991604 „... 
 
 58' 79 450 692 1189149015951 622 
 
 59! 78 449: 691 1188 14^9 1594 621 
 
 68! 69,440 682117914801585 612 
 
 685 
 
 657 
 
 74 63 434 676 1173 1474 1579 
 
 "I "i "I "I "I " i " 
 89 48! 419, 661 1158 1459 1564 
 
 594 98' 
 602 lOt: 
 
 609 
 
 113 
 
 24 
 
 395 
 
 616 
 
 120 
 
 L 
 
 388 
 
 625 
 
 129 
 
 « 
 
 3,9 
 
 632 
 
 136 
 
 1 
 
 372 
 
 m 
 
 137 
 
 (. 
 
 371 
 
 6:-i5 
 
 139 
 
 2 
 
 369 
 
 636 
 
 140 
 
 3 
 
 368 
 
 656 
 
 160 
 
 23 
 
 348 
 
 673 
 
 177 
 
 40 
 
 331 
 
 674 
 
 178 
 
 41 
 
 330 
 
 691 
 
 195 
 
 58 
 
 313 
 
 694 
 
 19^ 
 
 61 
 
 310 
 
 729 
 
 233 
 
 96 
 
 2/0 
 
 747 
 
 251 
 
 114 
 
 257 
 
 39 410 652 
 31 402 644 
 637 
 630 
 621 
 614 
 613 
 611 
 610 
 
 590 
 
 573 
 572 
 555 
 
 1149 1450 1555 
 11411442154^ 
 
 1493 520 
 
 1476 503 
 1475 502 
 
 1371 
 
 1370 
 
 _,. 1052 1353 1458 485 
 
 5521049 13501455 482 
 
 517jl014jl315|1420 447 
 
 499' 996129711402 429 
 
-^^4R0UTES OX THE OHIO & MISSISSIPPI RIVERS. 
 
 Names of Placbs. 
 
 Hiiwesville, Ky 
 
 iroy, 1,1 
 
 Rockport, *' 
 
 Owensboro', Ky .'. 
 
 Green River," 
 
 EVANSVILLE, la 
 
 Heiidersuiiville, Ky 
 
 Mt. Vernon, la 
 
 Carthnge, Ky 
 
 Wabash River 
 
 R.ileish, Ky 
 
 Shavvnektovvn, III 
 
 Cuve-in-Rock, 
 
 Elizabetlitown, " 
 
 Golconda, " ., 
 Cumberland River, Ky.'. , .^ 
 
 OMITHLAND, " | " 
 
 Tennessee River | 15 
 
 Paducnh, Ky 
 
 Fort Massac, ill '.'.'.;"| *' 
 
 Caledonia, ** ' i 32 
 
 Trinity, " ".■.■■! 10 
 
 Cairo (at Mouth of Ohio R.) 4 
 
 Norfolk, Mo 5 
 
 Columbus, Ky J 13 
 
 756 
 
 «l .s 
 
 123 248 
 
 759j 2631 126 245 
 775 2791 142 229 
 784 288 151 220 
 811 315 
 819 323 
 
 372 
 
 ^1 ^1 t -s] 
 
 Hickman, 
 New Madrid, Mo 
 Riddle's Point, " 
 Little Prairie, •* 
 Obion River, Tenn 
 Ashport, ** 
 
 Osceola, Ark '. 
 
 Fulton, Tenn 
 
 Hiitchie River 
 
 Randolph, Tenn. .. 
 Greenock, Ark 
 
 9051 409 
 
 990 
 
 490 987 12881393 420 
 487 9841285 1390 417 
 4/1; 968126913:4 401 
 ,-o , . '^^'^ 95912601365 392 
 ?^ \f- Sf. 932 1233 ia38 365 
 \^. \¥\^Ii\ 92412251330, 357 
 wV V-i^l^ 91412151320 347 
 |21 loO m 889 1190 1295 322 
 23o 136; 378 87511761281 308 
 241 130 372 869 1170 1275 302 
 Im J^;! §<^ 86311641269 296 
 2d1 120 362 859 1160 1265 292 
 2'2| 99 341 838 1139 1244 271 
 280 91 333 83011311236 263 
 292; 79 321 81811191224 251 
 -''" 61 303 800 1101 12(16 233 
 
 494 
 
 1000! 504 1 3t)7 
 
 1004 508 371 
 
 1009 513 376 
 
 1022 526i 389 
 
 46; 288 
 
 I ::i 
 
 11911 218 
 
 14 256 753'l054 1159' 186 
 4' 246' 743 1044 1149 176 
 242 739 1040 11 4o 172 
 5 237| 7341035 1140 177 
 
 18; 224 72110221127 ISO 
 
 I 1 
 10 
 16 
 21 
 10 
 14 
 
 10 111 
 
 1 11179 
 
 Memphis', .Tenn:...::.;::;;;; 34 1246 
 
 lort Pickering, ' ... 
 
 Norfolk, Miss ..'. 
 
 Commerce, " 
 
 Walnut Bend, " .'.'.'.'.'." 
 
 Peyton, " ...,.,,, 
 
 St.. Francis River '. '. . . ..." 
 
 Sterling, Ark 
 
 Helena, "... . 
 
 Daltii, Miss 
 
 Old Town, Ark. ..■.■.■.■.■;■■ 
 
 Victoria, Miss 
 
 Montgomery's Point, Miss. 
 
 H^/iite River, Ark 
 
 Arkansas River 
 
 Napoleon, Ark. 
 
 Bolivar, Miss 
 
 ^^'press Bend, Miss " 
 
 Velio w Bend, " .. 
 
 Bl ^1 404' 33' 209: 7061007 1112 205 
 
 10 mM w 1-^1 Z?i ??4 ^* 965 10.0 247 
 
 - ' nm E?Q 1i-^\ .^ IB ^^ 955 1060 257 
 
 H^ ^\^\ i'M 1<^5! 137 634 935 1040 277 
 
 142 100 597 898 1003 314 
 
 I54i 88, 5851 J-86 991 326 
 
 164' 78: 575; 876 981 336 
 
 642! 505 
 8 11146 650 513 
 12 1158 662 525 
 10 1168 672 535 
 
 822 
 
 1328! 832 
 
 1338 842 
 
 1358 862 
 
 1404 908 
 
 1405 909 
 1410 914 
 1424 928 
 
 1436 940 
 1446 950 
 1462' 966 
 
 bJ« 545 
 683 546 
 716| 5791 
 
 750 6131 
 
 751 614 
 7611 624 
 777( 640 
 
 661 
 671 
 
 772 
 
 486 
 470 
 48 449 
 58 4:* 
 72 425 
 
 324 82 415 
 
 334i 92 405 
 
 354 112 a') 
 
 400 158 a'?9 
 
 565 866 971 346 
 
 564| 86ii 9T0 347 
 
 531 832 937 380 
 
 497 1 798 903 414 
 
 496' 797 902 415 
 
 "' 892 425 
 
 21 
 
 7061 Sll 
 686 791 
 6401 745 
 
 401 159 3;^' 639; 744 
 406 164 333| 6:^4; 739' 578 
 420 178 319 620: 725 592 
 
 4^ 190 307 608,' 713 604 
 442 200 2971 598 7a3 614 
 458 216 28ll 582 687 fi30 
 
ROUTES ON THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER. 
 
 225 
 
 Columbia, 
 
 I'oiiit, Chicot, " ...: 
 
 American Bend," 
 
 Esfr's Point, Miss 
 
 Grand J^nke Landing, Ark. 
 
 Princeton, Miss 
 
 Providence, La 
 
 ToMipiiin's Bend," 
 
 Milligan's Bend, " 
 
 yuzou River, Miss 
 
 VUKSBURG, " 
 
 Warrenton, " 
 
 C'lirthage, La 
 
 Big Black River, Wiss. .. . 
 
 (iRANOGULF, " ... 
 
 Bniinsburg, " 
 
 Rodney, " ... 
 
 jNixTCHEZ, " ... 
 
 Vulalia, (opposite,) La 
 
 Homuckitto River, Miss 
 
 i'ort Adarns, " 
 
 Red River, La 
 
 Tunica Bend, Miss 
 
 St. Francisville, La. ... 
 Point Conpee, (opposite) . . 
 
 Port Hudson 
 
 Thomas' Point 
 
 Baton Rouge 
 
 Bruly Landing 
 
 Iberville Buyou 
 
 Plaquemiiie 
 
 St. Gabriel Church 
 
 Louisiana Institute 
 
 Biiyou Lafourche 
 
 IJONALDSONVILLE 
 
 Convent du Sacrament 
 
 Jerierson College 
 
 Bonnet Quarre Church 
 
 Red Church 
 
 Carroliton 
 
 Lii Fayette 
 
 JVevv Orleans 
 
 BatUe around 
 
 Fort St. Leon 
 
 Fort St. Philip 
 
 SoutheiLst Pass 
 
 Balize 
 
 27 1489 9931 856 485; 
 
 5 11494 998 861 "" 
 
 20 11514 lOlsl 881 510, 
 
 5 1519 1023; 886 5151 
 
 12 15311035! 898 527 
 
 3 1534'1038| 901 530 
 
 29 1563 10671 930l 559' 
 
 15 1578 1082: 945} 574 
 
 26 1604 1108, 971' 600 
 
 20 11624 1128! 991' 620 
 
 12 11636 1140 1003; 632 
 
 10 .1646 1150 1013 642 
 
 9 165511591022; 651 
 
 36 169111951058; 687i 
 
 1 116921196 1059: 688: 
 
 10 ,170212061069; 698 
 
 17121216,1079, 708 
 
 17431247 1110 7a9' 
 
 I787!l29l'll54 783 
 
 179711301 1164 793; 
 
 1808131211751 804 
 
 18411134512081 837 
 
 18<>8'1372 1235 864 
 
 1879 1383 1246' 875' 
 
 1887 13911254 883i 
 
 1904 114081271, 900, 
 
 i9io;i4i4 1277. ma 
 
 1919ll423 1286 915' 
 
 1927J 1431 1294 923 
 
 10 1937'l441 1304 933 
 
 12 194914531316 945 
 
 12 lil61 1465 1328 957 
 
 1 ; 1962 1466 1329 958 
 
 254 I 555 
 
 249 550 
 
 229 530 
 
 224 52.5 
 
 212 513 
 
 209 510 
 
 180 481 
 
 165 466 
 
 139, 440 
 
 119, 420 
 
 107 408 
 97 
 
 52 353 
 51' 352 
 41 342 
 31 332 
 301 
 
 12 197^ 1478 
 
 197811482 
 2002 '1506 
 20181522 
 203811542 
 2042; 1546 
 2044 11548 
 2048' 1552 
 
 1341 970 
 1345 974 
 
 1385 
 
 633 136 
 64il 144 
 658 161 
 664 167 
 673, 176 
 681, 184 
 691 1 194 
 703 206 
 
 715 218 
 
 716 219 
 728, 231 
 732, 235 
 756 259 
 772 275 
 
 295 
 
 660 657 
 655 6b'2 
 635| 682 
 630i 697 
 618: 6*99 
 615 702 
 586 731 
 571 1 746 
 5451 772 
 525 792 
 5131 804 
 503i 814 
 494 1 823 
 458, 859 
 457 860 
 447 1 870 
 4371 880 
 4061 311 
 
 362! 955 
 3521 965 
 341 976 
 3081009 
 28i;i036 
 
 27o!l047 
 262 1055 
 24511072 
 23911078 
 230 1087 
 222 1095 
 212 1105 
 200 1117 
 1881129 
 187 1130 
 175 1142 
 171 1146 
 147 1170 
 
 374' 73 
 396 95 
 406 105 
 
 1186 
 1206 
 1210 
 1212 
 1216 
 1229 
 1285 
 1307 
 11317 
 
226 
 
 ROUTES OX THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER. 
 
 (RoiiTK i 
 
 Names of Places. 
 
 
 O 2 
 03 a 
 
 li ^ 
 
 Falls of St. Anthony 
 
 Fort Snklling 
 
 /at. Peter's River , 
 
 Maiden's Rock 
 
 Lake Pepin 
 
 Prairie du Chien 
 
 lVi<icousin River , 
 
 Cassville, Wis , 
 
 Peril, " 
 
 Dl'buque, Iowa 
 
 Fever River, 111 , 
 
 Bellview, Iowa , 
 
 Savannah, III 
 
 Charleston, " 
 
 Lyons, " 
 
 New York, " 
 
 Albany, " 
 
 Rock Island 
 
 Rock Island City 
 
 Rock River, III 
 
 Davenport, (opposite.) Iowa.. 
 Blooinington, " .... 
 
 New Boston, 111 
 
 Oquawka, " 
 
 Burlington, Iowa 
 
 Madison, '* 
 
 Montrose, " 
 
 Nauvoo, III 
 
 Keokuk, Iowa 
 
 Des JHuines River 
 
 Warsaw, III 
 
 Quinoy, " 
 
 Hannibal, Mo 
 
 Louisiana, " 
 
 Clarksville, " .■.■;.■.■; 
 
 Hamburg, 111 
 
 Illinois River 
 
 Grafton, III 
 
 Alton, " 
 
 Missouri River 
 
 St. Louis, Mo 
 
 Jefferson Barracks, Mo 
 
 Harrisonville, III 
 
 Herculaueum, Mo 
 
 Selma, " 
 
 St. Genevieve, *' 
 
 Kaskaskia River, III '. 
 
 Chester, " 
 
 Bainbridge, Mo 
 
 Cape Girardeau, " 
 
 Commerce, " 
 
 Cairo, (at Mouth of Ohio R.) 
 
 2049 1944 lt)43 
 
 1 12042 1937 1636 
 
 66 1976:1871 1570 
 
 175 1801 1696 1395 
 4 11797 1692 1391 
 25 :1772 1667 1366 
 
 21 1751 1646 1345 
 8 1743 1638 133" 
 
 17 1726 1621 1320 
 
 7 1719 lbl4 1313 
 
 19 17001595 1294 
 
 2 16981593 1292 
 15 168315781277 
 
 2 1681 1576 1275 
 7 11674 156-9 1268 
 " I *' I " " 
 52 16221517 1216 
 ^1 16211516 1215 
 
 27 il594 1489 1188' 
 
 23 1571 1466 1165 
 
 19 15521447 1146 
 
 13 1539 1434' 1133 
 
 22 1517 14121111 
 ^9 lc^l4031W2 
 
 12 1496 1391 1090 
 
 1146 904 
 1139, 897 
 
 1073' 831 
 
 898' 656 
 
 894 652 
 
 869 627 
 
 848 606 
 
 840 598 
 
 823 581 
 
 816 574 
 
 7971 555 
 
 795 553 
 
 780 538 
 
 778 536 
 
 771; 529; 
 
 J I 
 
 732 510 
 725 503 
 
 480 258 
 455 233 
 434 212 
 426 204 
 409 18' 
 402 180 
 383 161 
 381 159 
 366> 144 
 142 
 135 
 
 719' 477 
 718' 476 
 
 691| 449' 277 
 668 1 426' 254 
 649! 407 235 
 636 394 222 
 614 372 200 
 
 mb m 191 
 
 593 351 179 
 
 4 
 
 1492 
 
 34 
 
 145}- 
 
 13 
 
 144o 
 
 20 
 
 1425 
 
 11 
 
 1414 
 
 15 
 
 1399 
 
 1387 
 1&3 
 1340 
 1320 
 1309 
 - J294 
 41 ! 1358 1253 
 2 13561251 
 19 133711232 
 13351230: 
 1317 1212 
 1308 1203 
 1289 1184: 
 1287 1182 
 12831178 
 1258 1153 
 
 16 12421137' 
 45 1197 1092 
 12 llgj 1080 
 12 1173 1068 
 28 11451040 
 
 1086 589 
 
 1052 555 
 
 1039 542 
 
 1019 522 
 
 1008 511 
 
 993 
 
 496 254 
 
 952 
 
 455 213 
 
 95(1 
 
 4.53 211 
 
 931 
 
 434 192 
 
 929 
 
 432 190 
 
 911 
 
 414 172 
 
 902 
 
 405 163 
 
 «H3 
 
 386 144 
 
 881 
 
 384 142 
 
 k;7 
 
 380 138 
 
 852 
 
 355 j 113 
 
 836 
 
 339 97 
 
 347 175 47 
 313 141 81 
 300 128 94 
 
 280 108 114 
 97| 12.3 
 82 140 
 
 41; 181 
 
 39: 183 
 201 202I 
 18 204 
 222 
 9 231 
 28 250 
 30 252 
 34 256 
 59 281 1 
 
 
 315 
 
 1791 427 
 180, 428 
 
 207! 455 
 230 478 
 249 497 
 262 510 
 284 532 
 ^3 »11 
 
 335 ^3 
 
 309 557 
 
 343 591 
 
 356 604 
 
 376 624 
 
 387 635 
 
 402 650 
 
 443 691 
 
 4451 693 
 
 464 712 
 
 466 714 
 
 484 732 
 
 493 741 
 
 512 760 
 
 514 76-2 
 
 518 766 
 
 543 791 
 
 7911 294 
 779 282 
 767! 2701 
 739- 242! 
 
 297 »-)9 807 
 
 342 604 8-52 
 
 40 132 354 6161 864 
 
 28 144 366 628 876 
 
 01 172; 394; 6561 904 
 
DISTANCES ON THE MISSOURI RIVER, 
 
 COUNCIL BLUFFS TO THE GULF OF MEXICO 
 (Route 622) 
 
 Names of Places. 
 
 C C ' ■- — 
 
 
 s s! ttj o (i; 
 
 Council Bluffs 
 
 Bellview Trading-house 40 
 
 Platte River ! \'4 
 
 Fi ve-bii rrel Isliind I la 
 
 Upper Oven Island 1 12 
 
 ] jower Oven Island | J^ 
 
 Fair Sun Island 
 
 Little J\l^ema/inw River 
 
 JVishnebotna River 
 
 Grand JVenuihaw River 
 
 mdf River 
 
 jMuutk of JVodaway River. . . . 
 
 y t. Joseph 
 
 Weston 
 
 Fort Lkvknworth 
 
 Little Platte Rioer 
 
 Kujisiis River Landing 
 
 Independence, Mo 
 
 Liberty Landing 
 
 Sibley 
 
 Camden 
 
 Lexington 
 
 Grand River 
 
 Chariton 
 
 BOONVILLE 
 
 Franklin, (opposite) 
 
 Rockport 
 
 Mt. Vernon 
 
 Marion 
 
 Jefferson City 
 
 Osage River 
 
 Pinckney 
 
 Griswold, (opposite) 
 
 Newport 
 
 St. Charles 
 
 Mouth of Missouri River . . . 
 
 2002 1897 
 40 19ti2 1857 
 52 19.J0184o 
 67 1935 1830 
 79 1923 1818 
 83 1919 1814 
 106 1896 1791 
 122 1880 1775 
 134 1868 1763 
 159 18431738 
 177 1820 1720 
 193 1809 1704 
 207 1795 1690 
 267 1735 1630 
 274 1728 162:3 
 294 1708 1603 
 304 1698 1593 
 316 1686 1581 
 319 16831578 
 340 16621557 
 359 1643 153S 
 377 1625 1520 
 427 15751470 
 447 1555' 1450 
 477 1525 1420 
 
 1596 1099 
 
 857 685' 
 
 1556i 105y 
 
 817 645 
 
 1544 1047 
 
 805' 633 
 
 1529 1032 
 
 790' 618 
 
 1517 1020| 778 606 
 
 1513 1016! 774 602 
 
 1490 993i 751 579 
 
 1474! 997 735 563 
 
 1462 965' 723 551 
 
 1437 940 698 526 
 
 141S 9221 680 508 
 
 1403| 906 664' 492 
 13891 892 650 : 478 
 
 132!9 832, 590 418 
 
 1322 825 583 411 
 
 1302, 8O5I 563: 391 
 
 12^12; 795i 553i 381 
 
 12801 783, 541: 369 
 
 1277 780' 538: 366 
 
 125«l 75^: 5171 345 
 
 1237- 740 
 
 498; 326 
 
 1219 722 
 1169; 672 
 1149! 652 
 1119 622 
 
 430 258 
 410i 238 
 
 1175; 1671 
 113511631 
 11231619 
 11081604 
 10961592 
 1092 1588 
 1069 1565 
 1053:1549 
 1041 1537 
 I016jl512 
 99811494 
 982 1478 
 968; 14W 
 908 1404 
 9011397 
 8811377 
 871 ; 1367 
 859 1355 
 856 1352 
 835 1331 
 816 1312 
 7981294 
 748 1244 
 7281224 
 698 1194 
 
 487 151514101109 
 497|l505il4001099 
 514 148813831082 
 530 147213671066 
 540 1462,1357,1056 
 591141113061005 
 " i " " " 
 59914031298 997 
 647,13551250 949 
 6671133511230 929 
 
 612 370 198 688 1184 
 
 6021 360 ; 188 678 1174 
 
 585 343 171 661 1157 
 
 569 327 155 645 1141 
 
 559; 317 
 
 508 m 
 
 500' 258 
 452| 210 
 432! 190l 
 
 145 635 1131 
 
 94 584 1080 
 
 ..| .. , .. 
 
 86 576 1072 
 38 5281024 
 18! 508il004 
 
CANALS IN THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 MAINE. 
 
 CUMBERLAND AND OXFORD 
 CANAL. 
 
 From Portland— I I 1501 
 
 To Seb-igo Pond ,20| 30 
 
 Long Pond |9i:30 I 
 
 NEW HAMPSHIRE. 
 
 BOW CANAL. 
 
 Around Bow Falls, Merri- 
 
 niac River 
 
 Canai. ar'd Hookset Fulls.. 
 
 " *' Anioskeag " .. 
 
 " " Union " .. 
 
 " " Seawell's " .. 
 
 3-4 m. 
 1-8 " 
 1 
 
 9 " 
 1-4 " 
 
 VERMONT. 
 
 Bellows Falls Canal — 1-2 m. 1. 
 There are two others, designed to 
 overcome obstructions in the Con- 
 necticut Jliver. 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 MIDDLESEX CANAL. 
 
 Boston to Lowell 27 m. 1. 
 
 HAMPSHIRE & HAMPDEN CANAL. 
 Connecticut Line to North- 
 ampton 22 m. 1. 
 
 BLACKSTONE CANAL. 
 
 Providence to Worcester 45 m. 1. 
 
 MONTAGUE CANAL. 
 Around Falls in Connecticut 
 
 River 3 m. I. 
 
 SOUTH HADLEY CANAL. 
 Around Falls nt S. Hadley, 
 Connecticut River 2 m. 1. 
 
 RHODE ISLAND. 
 
 BLACKSTONE CANAL. 
 Providence to Worcester 45 m. I. 
 
 CONNECTICUT. 
 
 FARMINGTON CANAL. 
 From New Hnven to the n'th 
 
 line of the Stiite 5f) m. 1. 
 
 See Hampshire and Hampden Ca- 
 nal, Mass. 
 
 ENFIELD CANAL. 
 Connecticut River 5i m. 1. 
 
 NEW YORK. 
 
 ERIE CANAL. 
 From Albany— 
 
 To Port Schuyler 
 
 West Troy 
 
 Junction Champlain Canal. 
 
 Cu/iaes 
 
 Tjower Aqueduct 
 
 Willow Springs 
 
 Upper Aqueduct 
 
 SCHENKCTADY 
 
 Rfitterdam 
 
 Philip's Locks 
 
 Amsterdam 
 
 Schoharie Creek 
 
 Smithto wn 
 
 Fultonville 
 
 Big Nose 
 
 Spraker's Basin 
 
 CaNA JOHARIE 
 
 Fort Plain 
 
 St. Johnsville 
 
 East Canada Creek 
 
 Indian Castle 
 
 Little Falls 
 
 Herkimer 
 
 Frankfort 
 
 Utica, (Jun. Chenango C.) 
 
 Whitesboro 
 
 Rome, (June. Black R. C.) 
 
 Wood Creek Aqueduct I 
 
 Hawley 's Basin 
 
 New London.... ■ 
 
 Hiffgins, (Junction Oneidal 
 
 Luke Canal) 
 
 Oneida Creek 
 
 Canastota j 
 
 New Boston i 
 
 Chittenango 1 
 
 Kirkville 
 
 IManlius i 
 
 Syracuse, (June. Oswegoi 
 
 Canal) \ 
 
 Geddes 
 
 Camillus 
 
 Canton 
 
 Jordan 
 
 Weedsport 
 
 Port Byron 
 
 Montezuma, (June. Ca 
 
 yuga and Seneca Canal) 
 
 Clyde 
 
 Lock Berlin , 
 
 Lyons 
 
 Lockville 
 
 Port Gibson 
 
 Palmyra , 
 
 Way neport 
 
 1364 
 6a58 
 7357 
 9355 
 
 10354 
 
 131351 
 
 19 " 
 
 26 
 
 30 
 
 39 
 
 44 
 
 4 
 
 71 64 
 2. 66 
 3 
 3 72 
 
 5177 
 41 81 
 2183 
 
 6101 
 9110 
 4 114 
 II 12 
 212: 
 212P 
 3132 
 
 5141223 
 5 146 218 
 4150 214 
 3 153 211 
 5 1581206 
 4,162 202 
 
 9171 
 2173 
 179 
 184 
 190 
 196 
 199 
 
 R 205 159 
 11216148 
 
 5 221 143 
 4 225139 
 
 6 231 133 
 
 4 235129 
 
 5 240 124 
 
 7 247.117 
 
CANALS IN THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 229 
 
 Fairport 
 
 Pittsford 
 
 RocHKSTER, (June. Gen- 
 
 esee Valley Canal) 
 
 Brockway's 
 
 Adams' Biisin 
 
 Brockport 
 
 Holley 
 
 Uulberton 
 
 Albion 
 
 Eagle Harbor 
 
 Knowiesville 
 
 Medina 
 
 Middleport 
 
 Gospurt 
 
 LOCKPORT 
 
 Pendleton 
 
 Tonawdiida 
 
 Black Rock 
 
 Buffalo 
 
 fi 
 
 252 
 
 1121 
 
 
 
 105 I 
 
 10 
 
 2fi9 
 
 95 
 
 ioi2/y 
 
 St 
 
 612841 80 1 
 
 
 
 m 
 
 75 1 
 
 New Bridge 
 
 Phoenix 
 
 Fulton 
 
 Braddock's Rapid. 
 Oswego 
 
 81 13 25 
 
 5i2M4| 70 
 4:298; 6<o 
 6 304 I bO 
 
 3 307 57 
 
 4 311 53 
 4 315 49 
 
 6 321 43 
 5326 38 
 
 7 333 31 
 7 340 24 
 
 12 352| 12 
 9 361 3 
 33641 
 
 CHAMPLAIN CANAL. 
 
 CHEMUNG CANAL. 
 From Seneca Lake— I 01 
 
 To Havana 
 
 Millport I 6 
 
 Fairport 7i 
 
 Elmira | 6 
 
 Corn ing 10 
 
 Feeder, {.Chemung Canal. 
 
 Fairport 
 
 Miller's Basin 
 
 Head of Feeder 
 
 Corning 
 
 O: 33 
 
 4 29 
 
 lO: 23 
 
 17 1 16 
 
 23 10 
 
 33l 
 
 ) 
 
 From Albany— 
 
 To West Troy 
 
 Junction 
 
 Watkrford 
 
 Mechanicsville 
 
 Stillwater Village 
 
 Schuylerville 
 
 Fort Miller 
 
 Fort Edward 
 
 Glenn's Falls Feeder. 
 
 Smith's Basin 
 
 Fort Ann 
 
 Comstock's Landing. 
 
 W^HITEHALL 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 9 
 12 
 20 
 24 
 
 37 
 41 1 32 
 49i 24 
 51 1 22 
 57 16 
 61 12 
 65i 8 
 73 
 
 CROOKED LAKE CANAL. 
 
 From Dresden— 10' 01 8 
 
 ToPennYan 7 1 
 
 Crooked Lake |l 81 
 
 GENESEE VALLEY CANAL. 
 
 From Rochester— I 01 01 52 
 
 iTo Scottsville 12 40 
 
 ISuckeft's Basin 10 22 30 
 
 JMt. Morris 15 37 15 
 
 .Shaker Settlement | 4 41 11 
 
 IDansville Ill 52l 
 
 DELAWARE AND HUDSON CANAL. 
 
 'From Eddyv 
 
 CHENANGO CANAL. 
 
 From Utica— 
 
 To Clinton 
 
 Deansville 
 
 Orisknny Falls . 
 
 Boucksville 
 
 Hamilton 
 
 Sherburne 
 
 North Norwich 
 
 Norwich 
 
 Oxford 
 
 Huyne's Mill... 
 
 Green 
 
 Forks 
 
 Port Crane 
 
 BiNGHAMTON .. 
 
 41 
 45 
 
 51; 46 
 60 37 
 70 27 
 
 74 23 
 82 15 
 
 89 8 
 97l 
 
 CAYUGA AND SENECA CANAL. 
 From Montezuma — 
 
 To Seneca River 
 
 Seneca Falls 
 
 Waterloo 
 
 Geneva 
 
 Lateral Canal to E. Cayuga 
 
 Village 
 
 OSWEGO CANAL. 
 From Syracuse— 
 
 To Salina 
 
 Liverpool 
 
 
 
 
 
 21 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 16 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 4 
 
 14 
 
 
 7 
 
 21 
 
 
 
 2 23' 
 
 01 01 38 
 
 ol 2136 
 
 S 
 
 5 
 
 33 
 
 ToGreenkill 
 
 Hornbeck's Bridge , 
 
 Head of Fond 
 
 Hnrdenburgh's Basin 
 
 Rosedale 
 
 Marble Quarries 
 
 Mechanicsville , 
 
 Hasbrouk's Basin 
 
 Allegerviile 
 
 Stonykill Aqueduct 
 
 Port Jackson 
 
 Middleport 
 
 Port Benjamin 
 
 Ellenville 
 
 Penny's Basin 
 
 PhiJipsnort 
 
 Beatysburg 
 
 Sneed's Basin 
 
 Brownville 
 
 Tunnel Hill 
 
 Neversink Aqueduct 
 
 Port Jarvis 
 
 Bolton 
 
 Tucker's Aqueduct 
 
 Craigsville 
 
 Bnrryville 
 
 Delaware Dam 
 
 Pennsylvania Section. 
 Mouth ofLackawaxen... 
 
 Rowland ville 
 
 Blue Eddy 
 
 Punch Camp 
 
 1 10 
 3 13 
 3 16 
 
 8 
 
 60 
 
 4 64 
 
 
 71 
 
 
 75 
 
 
 79 
 
 
 83 
 
 ' 1 
 
 84 
 
 5 
 
 89 
 
 3 
 
 9« 
 
 ' 4 
 
 96 
 
230 
 
 CANALS IN THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 Jones' Rift 
 
 Newcastle 
 
 Bench Flat 
 
 HONESDALE ... 
 
 NEW JERSEY. 
 
 JMORRIS CANAL. 
 From Jersey City— 
 
 To Newark 
 
 Hloomtield 
 
 Paterson 
 
 Little Falls 5 
 
 Beavertown 6 
 
 Miintville 4 
 
 Boonton, (Jersey Iron- w'ks) 2 
 
 Kockaway 6 
 
 Dover " | 4 
 
 Drakesville 7 
 
 Feeder, (Hopatcong Lake)! 3 
 
 btaiihope 2| 
 
 Old Aiidover "." 2; 
 
 Saxon's Falls 
 
 llackettstown , 
 
 Andersoiitovvn 7 
 
 Port Golden .'.;;; 3 
 
 Washington 2 
 
 New Village 7 
 
 Greenwich ', fj 
 
 Green's Pund C 
 
 Delaware River 2 
 
 Easton, Pa ', I 
 
 0102 
 10 92 
 
 171 85 
 25! 77, 
 30! 72 1 
 36 66; 
 40 62 
 42 60; 
 48 54!' 
 52 50: 
 59: 43! 
 62: 40 i 
 64* 38' 
 66' 36, 
 3' 69 33 
 4 73 29 
 80 22 
 831 19; 
 85 17 
 92! 10 
 98 
 98 4 
 100 li 
 102i 
 
 DELAWARE AND RARITAN CANAL, 
 From New Brunswick— 
 
 lo Boundbrook 
 
 Millstone 
 
 (iriggstown 
 
 Rocky Hill ;:;;; 
 
 Kingston 
 
 Williamsburg 
 
 Trenton 
 
 Bordentown ' 
 
 0| 
 
 12' 31 
 
 19 24 
 
 , 21 22 
 
 2 23 20 
 
 91 
 
 II! 37 6 
 6 43 
 
 This Canal has a navigable feeder, 
 <J3 mues long, extending from Trenton 
 to Saxtonsville, on the Delaware riv. 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA CANAL. 
 Central Division. 
 
 From Columbia — 
 
 T( Marietta 
 
 Bainhridge 
 
 Falmouth 
 
 Middletown 
 
 High Spire T 
 
 IIarrisburg 
 
 Blue Mountain Gap 
 
 Dauphin 
 
 Duncan's Island 
 
 Newport 
 
 IVIillerstown 
 
 Thompsontown 
 
 Mexico 
 
 jMifflintown , 
 
 Lewistown 
 
 Way nesburg ..., 
 
 Aughwick Falls '. 
 
 Hiuitingdon 
 
 Petersburg '. 
 
 Alexandria 
 
 Water Street 
 
 Yellow Springs 
 
 FVankstown 
 
 HOLLIDAYSBURG ...... 
 
 MLeghany &,■ Portage RR. 
 
 feumtnit 
 
 Wilmore 
 
 Summer Hill 
 
 Johnstown 
 
 r '^''?/'',r'J J^ivis'ion. "" 
 
 Laurel Hdl Gap 
 
 Lockport 
 
 Chesnut Hill .....'.'.'.'.'.'.'."!; 
 
 Blairsville . 
 
 Siiltzburg 
 
 Wa rreuto wn ." .' .' .' .' 
 
 Leech burg ' ' ' '. 
 
 Alleghany Aqueduct!!.'.'..'.' 
 
 Ireeport 
 
 Taren tu m ! ! ! ! ! 
 
 Sharpsburg .- !!!!!! 
 
 Pittsburg !!!!!! 
 
 I 4| 7515 
 14 89 i 
 
 41271 
 
 Susquehanna Division 
 
 Diverges from the main line at Dun- 
 
 can s Island, 15 miles above Har- 
 
 risburg, and extends to Northum- 
 
 berland, 40 miles, 
 
 fVest Branch Division 
 Extends from Northumberl.'ind to 
 l-arrandsville, 75 miles, to the bitu. 
 minous coal region. 
 
 J^Torth Branch Division 
 Extends from Northumberland to 
 Lackawanna, 73 miles, reaching 
 nito the anthracite coal region. 
 Delaware Division. 
 Extends from Bristol to Easton. fiO 
 miles,— canal chiefly used for the 
 transportation of coal. 
 T'he Beaver Division, Erie Exten- 
 sion, A-c, 
 Continue the line of Canal from Pitts, 
 burg to Erie, a distance of 136 m. 
 
 SCHUYLKILL NAVIGATION CO.M- 
 
 PANY. 
 
 Canals and Locks, produci.ng slnck 
 
 water navigation— from Philadel- 
 
 phia to Port Carbon, 108 miles. 
 
 LEHIGH NAVIGATION COMPANY. 
 Like the Schuylkill Navigation Co., 
 is used for a descending navigation, 
 —from the (ireat Falls to Easton; 
 distance, 84 miles. 
 
CANALS IN THE UNITED 'STATES. 
 
 231 
 
 UNION CANAL 
 Extends from Reading to Middle- 
 town, on the Susquehanna river ; 
 distance, 82 miles. 
 
 SUSQUEHANNA CANAL 
 
 Extends from Wrightsville, opposite 
 Columbia, Susquehanna river, to 
 Havre de Grace, Md. ; distance, 45 
 miles. 
 
 DELAWARE. 
 
 CHESAPEAKE AND DELAWARE 
 CANAL. 
 
 From Delaware City to Back Creek, 
 Md. ; distance, 14 miles. 
 
 MARYLAND. 
 
 CHESAPEAKE AND OHIO CANAL. 
 Completed from Georgetown, D. C, 
 to Hancock, 136 miles. At the 
 south end it has been extended to 
 Alexandria, a distance of 7i miles. 
 
 VIRGINIA. 
 
 JAMES RIVER CANAL 
 Extends along the river from Rich- 
 mond to Lynchburg ; distance, 146 
 miles. 
 
 DISMAL SWAMP CANAL 
 Extends from Deep Creek to Joice's 
 Creek, a branch of Pascotank riv- 
 er, entering Albemarle sound, N.C. 
 —23 miles long. 
 
 NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 WELDON CANAL 
 Extends around the falls of the Roan- 
 oke, from Weldon to Blakely, — 
 length, 12 miles. 
 
 CLUBFOOT AND HARLAW CANAL, 
 Near Beaufort li m. 1. 
 
 SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 SANTEE CANAL 
 Extends from Charleston to Santee 
 river, 22 miles. 
 
 WINYAW CANAL, 
 
 Prom Winy aw bay to a branch of 
 Santee river, 7i miles. 
 
 The navigation of the Catawba 
 river has been improved by 5 short 
 canals, having an aggregate length ot 
 Hi miles. 
 
 GEORGIA. 
 
 BRUNSWICK CANAL 
 Extends from Brunswick to the Ala- 
 tamaha river, 12 miles. 
 
 ALABAMA. 
 
 MUSCLE SHOALS CANAL 
 Is designed to overcome an obstruc- 
 tion ni the Tennessee river— length, 
 351 miles. 
 
 HUNTSVILLE CANAL. 
 From Huntsville to Trinnia, on Ten 
 nessee river,— length, 16 miles. 
 
 LOUISIANA. 
 
 BARATARIA CANAL. 
 
 It extends from New Orleans to Bayou 
 
 Terre Bonne,— 21 miles of csinal, 
 
 and 25 of lake and stream naviga. 
 
 tion. 
 
 LAKE VERRET CANAL 
 Extends from La Fourche Bayou to 
 Lake Verret, 9 miles. 
 
 ORLEANS BANK CANAL 
 
 Extends from New Orleans to Lnke 
 
 Pontchartrain, a distance of 6 miles. 
 
 KENTUCKY. 
 
 LOUISVILLE & PORTLAND CANAL. 
 
 It is 2^ miles long, and sufficiently 
 capacious for the passage of the 
 largest steamboats, which cannot 
 puss the Rapids, except in the sea- 
 sons of high floods. 
 
 Kevtucky River JSTavieation, 
 Licking River Navigation, and 
 Green River JVavigation, 
 Are improvements in the above riv- 
 ers, by means of locks and dams. 
 
 OHIO. 
 
 OHIO CANAL. 
 
 From Cleveland- 01309 
 
 To Rnthbun's Lock 5 304 
 
 Mill Creek 4 9 300 
 
 .Tinker's Creek 4 132W 
 
 Pinery Feeder 4 17 292 
 
 ! Boston 4 21 288 
 
 Peninsula 3 24 285 
 
 Niles 6 30 279 
 
 Old Portage 2 32 277 
 
 I North Akron 5 37 272 
 
 i South Akron 1 38271 
 
 New Portiige 6 44 265 
 
 IWolf Creek Lock 3 47 262 
 
232 
 
 CANALS IN THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 Clinton 5 
 
 Fulton 4 6(3 
 
 Wellmim's Mills 5 
 
 MassillDn 4 65 S 
 
 Na va rre and Bethlehem 6 71 . 
 
 Bolivar 
 
 Zoar 
 
 Jennings' Bridge - -- 
 
 Dover I 7 93 
 
 Lockport 4 9/ 
 
 Newcastle 2 99 
 
 Trenton ! 4lU3 
 
 Gnadenhutten 1 o '08 
 
 Port Washington j 4 112 
 
 Newcomerslown ' 6 118 
 
 Evansbnrg I 4 122 
 
 Lewisville 10132 
 
 Roscoe ,^ ]^ 
 
 Adams' Mill 10l4o 
 
 Webbsport 4149 
 
 Hiirtf..rd's d]b2 
 
 Frazersburg 4}^ 
 
 Nashport b 161 
 
 Licking Dam oj66 
 
 Lickingtown 4170 
 
 Newark 61/b 
 
 Granville Feeder 5181 
 
 Hebron 4185 
 
 Licking Summit 4189 
 
 Millersport 2191 
 
 Baltimore 5196 
 
 Havensport 6 202 
 
 Carroll 2204 
 
 Lockville 2206 
 
 Waterloo 32o9 
 
 Rayneysport o2l4 
 
 Lockbourne 7;221 
 
 Holmes' Landing 3 224 
 
 Millport and Bloomfield 4 228 
 
 Circleville 8236 
 
 Westfall 5241 
 
 Yellowbud 5246 
 
 DeerCreek 42.j0 
 
 Anderson vilie 2 252 
 
 Clinton Mills 4J256 
 
 Chiliicothe 2 2o8 
 
 Tomlinson's 6264 
 
 Stony Creek 3 267 
 
 Head of Big Bottom 2\2m 
 
 ShHronville 7 ^76 
 
 Waverly 4 280 
 
 Trimble's Bridge 8 283 
 
 Jasper 3 286 
 
 Howard's Lnck 5 291 
 
 Cutter's Stntion 3 294 
 
 BrushCreek 7301 
 
 Portsmouth 8309 
 
 WALHONDING CANAL. 
 
 From Roscoe— 
 
 To Crooked Run Bridge ... 
 
 Walhonding Dam 
 
 Warsaw 
 
 Darling's Bridge 
 
 Butler's Lower ('rossing ... 
 Butler's Upper Crossing — 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 S 
 
 n 
 
 ?. 
 
 IS 
 
 2 
 
 15 
 
 Walhonding (town) '3118' 7 
 
 Cummings' Bridge i 3i 21 4 
 
 Mohican Dam 2 23 2 
 
 ROCHESTKR I 2l 25i 
 
 HOCKING CANAL. 
 
 From Carroll— 1 
 
 To Lancaster ' 
 
 Reams' Mills : 
 
 Rush Creek i 
 
 Green's Mill 
 
 Hocking Falls ' 
 
 Logan ; 
 
 P.iltonsville 1 
 
 Seven-mile Run 
 
 Nelsonville 
 
 Monday Creek 
 
 Chauiicey 
 
 Athens 
 
 0] 56 
 9 47 
 14, 42 
 16 40 
 
 28 28 
 
 ai 22 
 
 36 20 
 
 41 15 
 
 44 12 
 
 49; 7 
 
 56 
 
 MIAMI CANAL. 
 From Cincinnati — 
 
 To Lockland 
 
 Hamilton Side-cut 
 
 Middletown 
 
 Franklin 
 
 Miamisburg 
 
 Carrol Iton 
 
 Alexandria 
 
 Dayton 
 
 in and out of Hamilton 
 Basin 
 
 01 01 66 
 12 54 
 16l 28! 38 
 13 411 25 
 6i 47 19 
 6 53 13 
 
 56 10 
 
 ^1\ ? 
 
 m 
 
 MIAMI CANAL EXTENSION. 
 
 From Dayton— 
 To Tippecanoe 
 
 Troy 
 
 Piqua 
 
 Loramie's Feeder , 
 
 liOckport. 
 
 Newp(jrt 
 
 Be 
 
 Minster 
 
 Bremen 
 
 St. Mary's Feeder. 
 
 St. Mary's 
 
 Deep Cut 
 
 Junction* 
 
 0'115 
 14101 
 211 94 
 30' 85 
 33 82 
 36 79 
 48 67 
 53 62 
 56 59 
 59 56 
 65 50 
 67 48 
 80 3n 
 115 
 
 * See Wabash and Erie Canal, la. 
 
 WARREN COUNTY CANAL. 
 
 From Lebanon— 01 19 
 
 To Whitehill's Mills 41 1.5 
 
 Union Villnge Landing 4 8 11 
 
 Middletown 11 19 
 
 SIDNEY FEEDER. 
 From Lockport— I 0' 
 
 ToSidney Oj 81 
 
 Port Jefferson I 51 13l 
 
 ST. Mary's feeder. 
 
 From St. Mary's Feeder— 
 
 To East Bank 
 
 Montezuma 
 
 Celina 
 
 0! 13 
 
CANALS IN THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 233 
 
 
 
 91 
 
 K 
 
 Hh 
 
 16 
 
 75 
 
 % 
 
 fio 
 
 m 
 
 55 
 
 4H 
 
 4H 
 
 h-A 
 
 ;hh 
 
 58 
 
 33 
 
 111 79: 12 
 
 861 5 
 9ll 
 
 MUSKINGUM IMPROVEMENT. 
 From Dresden— j 
 
 To Simm's Creek 1 
 
 Zanesville 10 
 
 Tiiyliirsville and Duncan's, 
 
 Falls. 10 
 
 Rdkeby and P^agleport 10 
 
 M'Conriellsviile and Malta.] 7 
 
 Windsor ilO 
 
 Luke's Chute ! 5 
 
 Beverly and Waterford ....llOl 
 
 Lowell , , 
 
 Devon's 7 
 
 Mariktta and Harmar .. I 51 
 
 INDIANA. 
 
 WABASH AND ERIE CANAL. 
 From Miinliattan, Ohio— 
 
 ToToledo 
 
 Port Miami 
 
 Maumee City 
 
 VVaterville 
 
 Otsego 
 
 Providence 
 
 Damascus 
 
 Napoleon 
 
 Florida 
 
 Independence 
 
 Defiance 
 
 Junction 
 
 Reservoir 
 
 Antwerp 
 
 State Line 
 
 fndiiina Division. 
 
 State Live 
 
 Indiana City, la 
 
 Fairport 
 
 Lewiston 
 
 Fort Wayne 
 
 Aboite 
 
 Huntington 
 
 
 
 
 
 88 
 
 4 
 
 84 
 
 8 12 
 
 76 1 
 
 1 
 
 13 
 
 75 
 
 5 
 
 18 
 
 70 
 
 7 
 
 25 
 
 63 
 
 5 
 
 30 
 
 58 
 
 6 36 
 
 52 
 
 8, 44 
 
 44 
 
 8 52 
 
 36, 
 
 5 
 
 57 
 
 31 
 
 4 
 
 61 
 
 27 1 
 
 V 
 
 70 
 
 18 
 
 11 
 
 81 
 
 7 
 
 3 
 
 84 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 88 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 143 
 
 Oj 3140 
 
 
 3 8135 
 
 12 20 123 
 
 12 32111 
 
 16 
 
 48 
 
 951 
 
 Utica 
 
 LaGros 
 
 Wabash 
 
 Peru 
 
 Lewisburg . . . 
 
 LOGANSPORT 
 
 Amsterdam . . 
 
 Lock port 
 
 Carroljton 
 
 Delphi 
 
 Americus 
 
 La Fayette 
 
 9' 57 
 5 62 
 61 68 
 
 15l 83 
 8' 91 
 
 86 
 
 81 
 
 75 
 
 eo 
 
 52 
 44 
 9108 35 
 6 114 29 
 6 120, 23 
 5125 18 
 8133 10 
 101143 
 
 WHITEWATER CANAL, 
 From Lawrenceburg— I 
 
 To Hardingsburg. 
 Elizabetbtown , 
 
 Harrison 
 
 New Trenton.., 
 Brookville ., 
 Laurel City — 
 
 Connersville 
 
 Cambridge ... 
 
 01 68 
 2i; 65 
 
 6 62 
 14 54 
 20 48 
 31 37 
 45 23 
 55 13 
 68 
 
 ILLINOIS. 
 
 ILLINOIS AND MICHIGAN CANAL. 
 
 From Chicago— 10 0]100 
 
 ToCanalport 4l 96 
 
 Summit 8 12 88 
 
 DesPlaines 10 22| 78 
 
 Keepotaw I 5 271 73 
 
 Lockport 1 5 32| 68 
 
 JoLiET I 6 38 62 
 
 Dupage River ,10 48 52 
 
 Dresden 4 52 48 
 
 Morrisiana I 9 611 39 
 
 Clarksou 4 65' 35 
 
 Marseilles 12 77 23 
 
 Ottawa 8 85 15 
 
 Utica 9 94 6 
 
 La Salle ! 4 98 2 
 
 Peru I 2100 
 
C 311 
 
. c,°-»'--^'- °- 
 
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 •'-^"^'^ \. .^•^' .>v».^ ■ ^^^^^^ ' /- 
 
 
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