LIBRARY OP CONGRESS. V UNITED STATES OP AMERICA.! THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE By a. H. AVESTON ^VITH ILLXISTRA-TION^S '>/^* , <:>. 18T9. ^o^ NEW YORK HARPER & BROTHERS, PUBLISHERS FRANKLIN SQUARE 1879 If Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1879, by HARPER & BROTHERS, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. PEE FACE. This work is intended to supply a long-needed and nniversally recognized want, and is placed be- fore the public as the fruits of many years' experi- ence, careful watching, and study, and of a belief in the practical obtainment of the requisite knowl- edge. The author has endeavored to set forth in sim- ple language, and as concisely as possible, plain facts and definite instructions for the organization of a Rifle Club or Association ; the establishment of an open-air Rifle Range ; the duties of the dif- ferent officers, committees, etc. ; and the complete method of successfully conducting matches and managing the affairs of the organization. Information upon the subjects treated of in these pages has heretofore been almost wholly unobtainable. Rifle-shooting, upon a united plan, being still in ks infancy in this country, as a con- sequence but a very limited number possess ex- {y PREFACE. perience sufficient to instruct others. It is there- fore confidently believed that the issue of this volume cannot fail to be productive of results beneficial to the cause. From beginning to end the reader will notice this to be a continuous storj, while the several "headings" and the "Table of Contents" will prove ready references to any particularly desired portion. An advisory strain has been used only in mat- ters of detail and general execution connected with management, the reader being left to his own judg- ment to decide upon the relative merits of the prod- ucts of manufacturers, originators, or inventors. It now only remains to be seen whether, by the publication and circulation of this book, the ob- jective desires of its author will be gratified by the establishment of Kifle Clubs and Associations throughout the country — a realization of which will justify him in saying of the good to be accomplished, Probatum est A. H. W. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page The Rifle Club 11 First Steps towards Org-anization 12 Committee on Constitution and By-laws 13 Incorporation 14 Blank Form of By-laws 16 Blank Certificate of Incorporation 24 The Rifle Range 26 Suitable Ground 28 Fence to Stop Bullets 30 Targets 33 Iron (Creedmoor) 34 " ("Running Deer") 45 Stone 49 Wood 49 " ("Man") 50 Sheet-iron 51 Tin 51 Paper 51 Canvas 52 " (Wimbledon) 53 " (Brunei's) 57 " (Sanford's) 60 " (Double) 65 " (Swinging) 65 " (Jewell's) 68 " (Revolving) 73 " (the "Possible") 76 Targets Reduced 82 Marking and Spotting Disks 84 Paper Patches 85 Danger Signals 85 Trigger-testers 86 Vi CONTENTS. Page Wind-indicators 86 Scoring-boards 90 Programme of Prize Meeting , 91 Form of Entry Blank 95 Estimated Expenses of Meeting 97 Estimated Receipts of Meeting 98 Prizes, Hints as to Obtaining 99 Secretary's Department 101 Competitor's Number 102 Team Number 103 Individual Entry Slieet , 103 Team Entry Slieet 104 Executive Department 106 Target Assignment (Blank) 107 System of Assigning 108 Target AssignmentJFilled Up) 110 Statistical Department Ill Financial Department 112 Pool and Bull's-eye Tickets .• 113 Range Officers 114 Committees 114 Prize Committee 115 Range Committee 115 Conduct of Simple Matches 116 General Instructions for Score-keepers 118 General Instructions for Markers 119 Regulations of the N. R. A 120 Extract from By-laws of the N. R. A 133 Forms of Score Tickets 135 Domestic Rifle Clubs and Associations 145 Foreign Rifle Clubs and Associations 153 Rifle Record — Scores in Europe and America 155 Ireland versus America, 1874 and 1875 155 Canada versus the United States, 1875 156 Centennial Trophy— First Match 156 Ireland versus America, 1876 158 Centennial Trophy— Second Match 159 Canada versus the United States, 1877 , 159 Centennial Tropliy— Third Match 160 International Military Match 160 Inter-state Military Matches 162 Inter-state Long-iange Matches 164 CONTENTS. vii Page '' Leech Cup " Matches 165 " Wimbledon Cup" Matches 166 "Champion's" Matches 166 Military Championship of the United States 167 " Judd" Matches .169 "Short-range" Matches 169 " Short-range Team " Matches 170 "Time" Matches 173 " Tramp " Match 172 " Soldier's " Match 173 Aggregate Prizes and Winners 174 " Elcho Challenge Shield " Matches 176 " The Queen's Prize " Matches 178 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Diagrams of N. R. A. Targets Faces page 11 Wimbledon Rifle Range (Plan) 29 Bullet-proof Fence 30 Creedmoor Rifle Range (Plan) 35 Embankment, Targets, and Butts at Creedmoor 37 Creedmoor Target and Butt (Section) 38 " " (Front View) 40 " (Plan) 43 Running Deer, Fence, etc 47 " " Target 48 " Man " or " Time " Target 50 Wimbledon Target and Butt (Section) 54 *' (Front View) 55 Brunei's Target (Section) 58 (Front View) 59 Sanford's Target (Section) 63 " (Front View) 63 Swinging Targets (Front View) . 67 Jewell's' Target (Front View) 69 " " (Attachment) , 71 " " (Attachment) 73 Revolving Targets (Section) 74 " (Front View) 75 The "Possible " Target (Section) 78 " (Front View) 80 Brinton Rifle Range (Plan) 83 Marking-disks 84 Dial Wind-indicator 87 Walnut Hill Range (Plan) 89 The American Centennial Trophy "Palma" 157 The " Hilton Trophy," International Military Prize 161 The " Soldier of Marathon," Inter-state Military Prize 163 The " Military Championship of the United States " Medal ... 168 DIAGEAM OF TARGETS m USE UPON THE RANGE AT CREEDMOOR,L.L Adopted by tue National Rifle Association of Ameiuoa, 18T5. FIRST-CLASS TARGET, 6 X 12 FEET. All distances over 600 yards. Bull's-eye, circular, 36 inches in diameter. Centre, " 54 " " Inner, sqnare, 6 feet x 6 feet. Onter, remainder of Target. SECOND-CLASS TARGET, 6X6 FEET. All distances over 300, to, and includ- ing, 600 yards. THIRD-CLASS TARGET, 4x6 FEET. All distnnces np to and in- cluding 300 vards. Bull's-eye, circular, 22 in. in diam. Centre, " 38 " " Inner, " 54 " " Outer, remainder of target. BuU'ti-eye, circular, 8 in. in diam. Centre, " 20 " " Inner, " 46 " " Outer, remainder of target. THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. THE EIFLE CLUB. In every city, town, and village of these United States are to be found some who, either from a previous "taste" or from having read accounts of matches and tournaments elsewhere, have formed an undeveloped desire and ambition to handle a rifle before a target wdth other competitors. A few of these may have used a shot-gun, and by re- turning proudly home with a fall bag of game have proved their skill in this direction. Others may be the happy possessors of rifles that they have rarely, if ever, flred ; and others, again, may wish to have a rifle and to shoot with it, but are deterred from obtaining one by a knowledge of its uselessness without a range whereon to practise. To such, and in fact to all interested, a careful pe- rusal of the following instructions and suggestions is recommended. A rifle is a comparative "Crusoe's boat" witli* out a place whereat to test it ; and it is with a view 12 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. to 60 clearly pointing out the manner of forming a Rifle Organization and establishing a Rifle Range that any few united and earnest persons can suc- cessfully do both that this work has been written. Every new project or enterprise must have an originator, one to call attention to the proposed scheme and obtain supporters. Should this book fall into the hands of any one wishing to see the establishment of a Rifle Club or Association, to him I would say, You yourself take the initia- tory steps, and give the project and enterprise a start, commencing in the following manner : FIEST STEPS. Call a meeting of as many eligible friends and acquaintances as will respond for a certain day or evening, at a certain hour, at your own house, or at Mr. A 's house, or elsewhere. State beforehand the object of the call, and try and obtain a friend, or friends, to co-operate with you. When all are assembled, rise and explain the objects of the meeting, and ask for support. Show them a copy of this little book, and move for the appointment of a chairman and secretary ^^6> tern. You yourself nominate, as temporary chairman, some one whom you believe will favor and " push " the cause. Having organized your meeting, move FIRST STEPS. 13 the appointment of a committee of three (this number is enough) on Constitution and By-laws. If you are a '' talker," talk to the meeting of rifle- shooting ; tell them how, for many years, we Americans have boasted of our prowess with the rifle; of how it is the "national w^eapon;" of the historical feats of marksmanship performed by our forefathers during the Revolutionary wars ; of our typical American hunters with their deadly rifles and imerring aim ; of our citizen soldiers, upon whom the country relies for protection, etc. ; and if you cannot move them with these arguments, if they are not in the humor to be "revived" by pa- triotic emotions, tell them of the pleasure and sport of rifle-shooting — how healthful, exhilarat- ing, and recreative it is ; how it conduces to a moral and prudent living ; how it is elevating to a degree, requiring, as it does, an abstemious and careful liv- ing. Use these arguments, and combine with them any others of your own that may suggest them- selves, and the chances are largely in favor of your wishes becoming gratified, and your Rifle Associa- tion being established even while the organization is but an embryo. We will now suppose our committee of three on Constitution and By-laws to have been appointed, with instructions to report at the next meeting, 14 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. to be held at Mr. B 's house one week from to-night. The first thing for this committee to do shonld be to appoint a time and place to meet again in, saj, two days from the present time, each individ- ual member of the committee, in the meantime, exerting himself to obtain a copy of the By-laws of one or more associations or clubs organized in your state, and, if possible, consulting with some lawyer (as laws of the various states, of course, dif- fer) as to the proper steps to take to become a reg- ularly and legally constituted body. When the committee meet, let them compare notes, and draw up a set of By-laws consistent with the objects and aims, bearing in mind the neces- sity of acclimatizing, as it were, the duties and laws to harmonize with the peculiarities or require- ments of your local surroundings. To enable an association or club so formed to hold property, it is necessary that the same be legally incorj)orated. This can be done in New York State by filing a certificate in the offices of the Secretar}- of State and County Clerk, stating the name and object of the Association or Club, the number of its direct- ors, and the names of those who shall manage its affairs for the first year, which should be signed and acknowledged by all of the directors them- FIRST STEPS. 15 selves. This certificate must also be approved, be- fore filing, b}^ a judge of the Supreme Court. When an association or club is thus incorpo- rated under the State Act provided for such cases, its members are not liable for any debts; and the liability of the directors is limited to debts paya- ble within the year, or, in other words, to cash pur- chases. It is undesirable to have many meetings of the Association or Club ; therefore a Board of Directors should have all powder of management, and be elected annually. The machinery for admission to membership should be as simple as possible. Complication of all kinds should be guarded against. In a word, try and think of everything necessary. Try to omit nothing in the By-laws that should be pro- vided for. Amendments are always troublesome, and are generally the result of a too hasty adop- tion of the original. The follow^ing blank form of By-laws has been compiled partly from the By-law^s of the National Rifle Association of America, partly from the By- laws of other associations and clubs, and is partly original. It will, it is believed, cover nearly all points necessary, and prove a good and sound basis upon which to build a young and enterprising Rifle Organization. It has been prepared to ad- 16 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. mit and cover military practice and support ; but wliere an association is to be formed merely for amusement, the wording can be changed to con- form to the object. The word "Association" has been used in the following form, but " Club " can, of course, be substituted if desired. BY-LAWS OF THE NAME. I. This Association shall be called the . OBJECT. II. Its object shall be the encouragement of Rifle Practice among • throughout , MANAGEMENT. III. A Board of Directors, elected annually by the Association at its annual meeting, and consisting of members, shall have general control of its affairs, take cognizance of all infractions of the By-laws, and fill vacancies in its own body until the time of the next annual meeting. The Board of Directors shall, from time to time, make such rules and regulations, not inconsistent with these By-laws, as it may consider necessary. The Directors named in the Certificate of Incorporation shall be deemed to have been elected, and shall divide themselves by lot into three classes of members each. The first class shall hold oflSce until the day of 18 — .* The second class * Three years from date of first annual meeting of the Associa- tion. BY-LA WS. 17 shall hold office until the day of , 18 — ; * and the third class shall hold office until the day of , 18 — ;t and thereafter, at each annual election, to be held on the in of each year, there shall be elected by and from the life members of this Association directors, to hold office three years, to supply the places of the class retiring, and for such addi- tional number as may be necessary to fill vacancies to hold office during the remainder of the terras of the members whose places they fill. QUORUM. IV. A quorum of the Board of Directors shall consist of • members. OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES. V. The officers of the Association shall consist of a President, Vice-President, Secretary, and Treasurer, who shall be elected an- nually, and of an Executive Officer, who shall be elected quarterly (or semi-annually) by the Board of Directors. VI. The first three of the following standing committees shall be appointed by the President during the montli of January in each year : 1st. Finance Committee, •\ 2d. Range Committee, >• Each to consist of three members. 3d. Prize Committee, ) 4th. The Executive Committee to consist of the officers of the Association and three directors elected annually by the Board. DUTIES OF OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES. VII. 1. The President, or, in his absence, the Vice-President, shall preside at all meetings of the Association, the Board of Di- * Two years from date of first annual meeting of the Associa- tion. t One year from date of first annual meeting of the Association. 2 18 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. rectors, and the Executive Committee; and shall perform such other duties as generally devolve upon presiding officers. 2. The Secretary of the Association shall notify each member of the Board of Directors of all its meetings, and each member of the Association of every meeting of the Association ; issue all other authorized notices to members ; make and keep a true rec- ord of all meetings of the Association, the Directors, and the Ex- ecutive Committee ; have custody of the books and papers and the corporate seal of the Association; conduct all correspondence; and make a monthly report to the Board of Directors, and an annual report to the Association. 3. The Treasurer shall collect and have charge of the funds of the Association, and pay such bills as have been audited by the Fi- nance Committee and passed for payment by the Board of Direc- tors. He shall keep accounts of all his transactions, and make a detailed report thereof, with vouchers annexed, at each regular meeting of the directors, and an annual report to the Association at its annual meeting. He shall give bonds in such sum as shall be fixed by the Directors. 4. The Finance Committee shall have general supervision of the finances of the Association. They shall from lime to time exam- ine the accounts of the Treasurer, and keep themselves informed of tlie financial condition of the Association. To this committee shall be referred the Treasurer's reports, and all questions and propositions relating to finances ; and no obligations of the Asso- ciation beyond those necessary for current wants shall be made until the Finance Committee l)ave considered and reported upon the necessity and propriety of the plan proposed. They shall like- wise audit all just claims against the Association before the same can be acted upon by the Board. 5. The Executive Committee may be convened upon call by the President or Vice-President, or upon the demand of any member. AH the powers and duties of the Board of Directors not heieiii BY-LA IVS. 19 delegated to the officers or to other committees shall be exercised and discharged during the recess of the Board by this committee. Fom- members shall constitute a quorum. The minutes of their proceedings shall be recorded in a book kept for the pur- pose, and shall be reported to the Board of Directors for ratifi- cation after having been previously approved by the committee. All the acts of the Executive Committee shall be binding upon the Association until disapproved by the Board of Directors at a regular meeting. 6. The Range Committee shall have charge of the grounds and all property of the Association upon the Range, and shall recom- mend to the Board of Directors such changes and improvements as in their judgment are necessary or desirable. They shall prescribe the duties and direct and regulate the services of all persons em- ployed on the Range, and shall keep it supplied with all necessary articles. They shall certify to the correctness of all claims and bills against the Association for supplies used upon the Range, and sign all contracts ; and no such bills, claims, or contracts shall be paid until so certified or signed. But this committee shall have no power to make contracts or purchases in the name of the Asso- ciation for anything more than the usual supplies, unless the same be authorized and ordered by a formal vote of the Board of Di- rectors. They shall make quarterly returns of the property upon the Range, which returns shall show : 1st. The amount of property on hand Inst return. 2d. The amount received during the month. 8d. The amount to be accounted for. 4th. The amount expended. 5th. The amount sold. 6th. The amount lost or destroyed. 7th. The amount remaining on hand. 8th. The condition of such property. 20 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. Such returns shall be presented regularly to the Board of Di- rectors for examination and filing. They shall make such tem- porary rules and regulations for the use of the ground and the targets as shall seem necessary to insure the most privileges to the greatest number. They shall see that contracts for work to be done and materials to be furnished, and agreements for rents and privileges at the Range, are faithfully executed, and generally do and perform everything needful to protect the interests of the As- sociation and secure a successful management of the Range. In ease of any violation of the rules of the Range, the Range Committee shall have power to suspend the offender from the priv- ileges thereof until the action of the Board of Directors. The committee shall report all such suspensions at the next meeting of the Board in writing, with the reasons for their action. 7. The Prize Committee shall select, procure, and assign the prizes obtained or offered by the Association. MEETINGS. VIII. The members of the Association shall hold an annual meeting on the of in each year, and such special meet- ings as may be called pursuant to these By-laws. If the annual meeting shall not take place at the time fixed, it shall be held as soon after as convenient, and the officers and directors whose terms of office have expired shall hold over until their successors are chosen. It shall be the duty of the President, or, in his absence, of the Vice-President, to call a meeting of the Association on receiving a requisition signed by members or directors. In the notice calling any special meeting, the particular subjects to be con- sidered shall be specified, and no other business shall be transacted at such meeting but that specified in the notice. members present at a general or special meeting shall con- stitute a quorum for the transaction of business. BY-LA WS. 21 At no meeting of the Association shall any subject be intro- duced or discussed which does not relate directly to its affairs. The regular meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held on the of each month. Special meetings may be called at any time by the President, or, in his absence, by the Vice- President, and shall be called by either of tliem upon the request of members. Upon the appearance of a quorum at the time appointed for any regular meeting of the Association or Board, the President, or, in his absence, the Vice-President — or if neither be present, a member selected to preside — shall call the meeting to order and proceed in the following ORDER OF BUSINESS. 1. Calling the roll. 2. Reading minutes of previous meetings not passed upon. 3. lieports from the Secretary, Treasurer, Finance, Range, and Prize committees and select committees. 4. Unfinished business. 5. New business. Neglect on the part of any Director to attend six successive meetings of the Board shall be deemed a tender of his resignation of office. But the Board may excuse any member for such neg- lect; and before his resignation is accepted under this By-law, the member in default must be specially notified of the same. INSPECTION OF RECORDS AND ACCOUNTS. IX. Any Director, or any member of the Association, may at any time examine the records of the Secretary, and inspect the accounts of the Treasurer. MEMBERSHIP. X. Any person giving his name, age, address, and the name of the military organization (if any) with which he is connected, 22 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. sliall, upon paying the sum of dollars, become a member of the Association for that year, subject to the right of tlie Board of Directors to reject his name and return his dues, iu case the Board shall deem it required by the interests of the Association, Any person -may become a member for life upon payment, in one sum, of dollars, and upon being duly elected by the Board of Directors. Kegiments, companies, troops, and batteries of the regular Army, Navy, uniformed militia, or National Guard of any state, shall be entitled to constitute all their regular members in good standing members of this Association, on the payment of one half the an- nual dues for the current year for each member present at the last annual inspection, SIGHTS AND DUTIES OF MEMBERS. XI. No member shall be allowed to transfer his rights of mem- bership. All members shall be entitled to equal rights and privileges upon the Range, Life members only shall be entitled to vote at any meeting of the Association, Any member who shall have violated any of the rules of the Range, or whose conduct shall be pronounced by vote of the Board of Directors to have endangered, or be likely to endanger, the welfare, interest, or character of the Association, shall forfeit his membership. Such vote shall not be taken without giving two weeks' notice to the offender of the charges made against him, and affording him an opportunity of being heard in his defence. No person so removed shall be eligible for membership unless his dis- ability be removed by vote of the Board. No member shall take any property whatsoever belonging to the Association from its rooms or grounds, except on the authority of a resolution of the Board of Directors or Executive Committee. BY-LAWS. 23 No Director shall receive any profit, salary, or emolument from the fnnds of the Association, on any pretence, or in any manner whatsoever. No member shall give any gratuity to any servant of the Asso- ciation. All rights and interests of a member in the property and privi- leges of the Association shall cease with the termination of his membership. THE RIFLE RANGE. XII. The Rifle Eange shall be under the immediate direction of the Range Committee. Members in arrears for dues or fines shall not be entitled to the use of the Range. No betting shall be allowed on the grounds of the Association, AMENDMENT OF THE BY-LAWS. XIII. To amend these By-laws, the proposed amendment shall be subscribed to by at least members, and by them presented to the President, who shall cause such amendment, with the signa- tures thereto, to be brought before the Board of Directors at its next meeting. In case the Directors, by a majority vote, recom- mend its passage, the Secretary shall issue notices enclosing a copy of the amendment to all life members of the Association, and a vote in favor of the proposed amendment, of two thirds of all the life members present at the next annual meeting on the of , or at a special meeting to be called for the purpose, shall be requisite for its passage. The following is the form of Certificate of In- corporation used in New York State : 24 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. BLANK CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION. State of New York, ) City and County op .) ^^' Know nil men by these presents that we, the undersigned, ———^ __ __^ _^__ __^_ _^^ _— _ - J being citizens of the United States and the State of New York, do hereby, pursuant to, and in conformity with, an act of the Legis- lature of the State of New York entitled "An act for the formation of societies or clubs for certain social and recreative purposes," passed on the eleventh day of April, eighteen hundred and sixty- five, and the various acts of said Legislature amendatory thereof, associate ourselves together, and form a body politic and corporate, and do hereby certify — I. NAMK OR TITLE. That the corporate name by which said Society shall be known in law shall be . II, OBJECT. The object for which said Association is formed is the encour- agement of Rifle Practice among throughout . III. NUMBER OF DIRECTORS. That the number of Directors of said Association who shall manage the same shall be . IV. NAMES OF DIRECTORS. That the names of the Directors of said Association who shall manage the same for the first year of its existence, are as follows : In witness whereof, we have hereunto affixed our names, at the City of y this day of , eighteen hundred and . INCORPORA TION. 25 State of New Yokk, |^ City and County of .) At various times between the day of and the day of , A.D. eighteen hundred and , before me per- sonally appeared , known to me to be the persons described in, and who executed, the foregoing certificate, and duly signed the said certificate before me, and severally acknowledged that they executed the same for the purpose therein mentioned. (Seal.) Notary Public, County of . I do hereby consent and approve of the incorporation of the under the within certificate. Dated . Justi State of New York, City and County of I, , Clerk of the said City and County, and Clerk of the Supreme Court of said State for said County, do certify: That I compared the annexed with the original Certificate of In- corporation of the on file in my office, and that the same is a correct transcript therefrom, and of the whole of such original. In witness whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name, and affixed my official seal, this day of 18 — . (Seal.) Clerk. 26 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE, Statu of New York, \ Office of Secretary of State.) I have compared the preceding with the original Certificate of Incorporation of the , with acknowledgment thereto an- nexed, filed in t-his office on the day of , 18 — , and hereby certify the same to be a correct transcript therefrom, and of the wliole of said original. Witness my hand and the seal of office of the Secretary of State, at the City of Albany, this day of , one thou- sand eight hundred and . Secretary of State. The Committee on Constitution and By-laws having made their draft form, present it at the next meeting (wliich was at Mr. B 's house, we recollect) ; and, after having been read over, and the view^s of those present obtained, the motion is made, seconded, and carried that the By-laws, as submitted and amended (if any amendments), be adopted as a whole. The next thing to be done is to carry out the laws that have been adopted, do what is necessary to secure the incorporation, and then this first great stride towards the estab- lishment of a Rifle Association is complete. THE RIFLE RANGE. As soon as the Association or Club is incorpo- rated and has adopted its By-laws, the first ques- THE RIFLE RANGE. 27 tion to arise will be the securing of a suitable Eange, and to provide funds for its equipment. The main expense besides the land will be for tar- gets. As in the infancy of the Association the ground may not be used all the time, it might be better and easier to lease it than to purchase it (unless, indeed, a good chance offered, and finances w^ould permit of the latter). Daring the winter season, in addition to collecting funds, the influ- ence of the Association or Club should be exerted to induce the l^ational Guard, or troops in the State or vicinity, to practise aiming, drill, and gal- lery-shooting, as being most important steps tow- ards the attainment of proficiency in marksman- ship. If this is entered upon systematically, by the time weather will permit of practice in the open air a reasonable degree of proficiency will have been obtained, an interest taken in the subject, and the Association and its objects placed before the public more satisfactority and creditably than could have been done by any other means. The tuition thus received will not only make the shoot- ing better than it could possibly otherwise have been, and so give encouragement, but the arrange- ments for and conduct of matches can be more easily carried out upon the Range than if the com- petitors had had no previous experience. 28 THE RIFLE CLUB AND lUNGE. The matter of obtaining aid from your State cannot be elaborated here, but will be best appre- ciated by those having the interests of rifle-shoot- ing and of their own Association at heart. There are at the time of writing thirty -two rifle ranges in the State of I^ew York receiving ofli- cial recognition and aid from the State author- ities. The first point — and a most essential one — to be considered in locating an open-air Range should be to seen re ground that runs north and south, or nearly so — that is, targets at the north and shooters at the south. The reason for this may be briefly explained by the fact that in any other direction the light will be nnsuited, and shadoios probably fall across the targets. Another great aim in selecting ground should be, if possible, a natural emlanhnent or hill back of the targets to stop the bullets. At Creedmoor much money was spent in raising an artificial embankment of earth, twenty-five feet above the level, with a bullet-proof fence ten feet high placed on top of that. Artificial embankments, or contrivances to stop the bullets, can be built of earth, masonry, or a bullet-proof fence. The two first are understood ; of the latter it may be said that a bullet-proof WIMBLEDON RIFLE RANGE. 29 I P CD I 30 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. fence is generally made by filling in between plank loose stones or sand, sufficiently compact and wide to stop the bullets. The fence should be made of good two-inch plank laid horizontally, and securely nailed to up- right beams placed firmly in the ground outside of the planking, and half as many feet a^^art as the planks are long, the vacuum between the tw^o plank walls being filled in with stone or sand. Bullet-proof Pence, with end open, showing stone filling. BULLET-PROOF FENCE. 31 The supporting beams may in time be shot away, but, being outside, can be readily repaired. They should be bound together at the top by iron. The plank should be laid with the "joints broken," or (for the benefit of those w^ho do not understand this term) fastened as bricks are laid. The height required, of course, depends upon circumstances. The wndth for a fence of moderate height should be about two feet at the top and three feet at the bottom, and may be braced or guyed with wood or wire rope front or back or both. Level, dry ground is what is best suited for the purposes of a Rifle Range, though shooting can be, and is, done on many Ranges where dry and level ground is not obtainable, over a valley, marsh, or stream. It sometimes becomes necessary to con- struct raised firing-points to be on a level with the targets. These can be made either by grad- ing, or (what is much cheaper) by erecting a wood- en platform or scaffold of the required elevation. A mound, one or two feet high, should be built in front of the targets to catch ricochets. Though generally made of earth, asphaltum or a similar substance will answer the purpose better, for the reason that, by using such a compound, the bullet, when it strikes, will either bury itself within the mass, or, if it glance off, will do so without scat- 32 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. tering dirt in every direction, which obscures the glass at an iron target, or, in wet weather espe- cially, besmears the target itself. Easy and quick access between the targets and firing-points should also be considered. Shade trees along the sides, or at southern end of the Range, are desirable. An abundant supply of good water must be on the ground ; and if not obtainable by any other means, a well must be bored. Good facilities to reach the Range from your city or town by rail or water, and within a reason- able time, should also be taken into consideration as of the most vital importance. For present purposes the Range should not, if possible, be less than 650, nor need it be over 1050, yards in length. This will allow of extreme shooting at 500 in the first and 1000 yards in the second place, and all intermediate distances. The military rarely shoot at distances over 500 yards ; while, for one rifleman who can and does shoot at extreme distances of 800 yards and over, there are one hundred w^ho shoot only at the shorter ranges. By this it is not intended to im- ply that long-range shooting should be discouraged, but simply that for a youthful and inexperienced association the undisputed and time-honored fact MATERIALS OF TARGETS. 33 should be borne in mind that to "reach the top of the ladder, we must commence to climb at the bottom." The system and probable number of targets to be adopted and erected must also be thought of, as upon these depends very largely the necessary width of the Range. Without going into details of the purchase or lease and subsequent laying = out of ground (in which matters the services of a lawyer and prac- tical surveyor or civil engineer should be respec- tively obtained), we will go on and see some of the different targets in use at the present time. Targets have been made of iron, canvas, wood, sheet-iron, stone, paper, etc., and each has its sup- porters. At Creed moor the iron targets have al- ways been used, and have given the most general satisfaction, despite sundry experiments with can- vas and stone. Those first erected were imported from England, but our American manufacturers have now succeeded in fully equalling those of foreign make. It has always been desirable to keep all firing-points on the same line, instead of moving competitors back to increase the distance. This at Creedmoor, with the iron targets as they at present stand, is impracticable. Consequently, with the targets all on one line, the shooters are compelled to move forward or backward to lessen 3 34 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. or increase the distance between targets and firing- points. While not offering any positive advice, or going very elaborately into details (which, if de- sired, can probably be obtained by corresponding wath the inventors or manufacturers), the follow- ing diagrams are inserted showing the plain me- chanical working, and giving general ideas of con- struction of the various plans and designs, com- mencing with the TARGETS AT CEEEDMOOE. These are made of chilled-faced cast-iron slabs, each 2 feet by 6 feet, and IJ inches thick, ribbed on the back to keep them from warping. Stand- ing two slabs together, we have the size of a third- class target, which only requires painting to make it ready for use. Three slabs form a second-class and six slabs a first-class target. Each slab weighs about 650 lbs., and usually requires four men to handle it. They are painted white on the face with a whitewash brush, a mixture of lime, water, and salt being used for the purpose. A pair of wooden com- passes are then made use of to mark the circular bull's-eye, "centre," and "inner" divisions, after which the lines so traced are painted over with a mixture of lampblack and water or stale beer, a small brush being used for this purpose. The CREEDMOOR RIFLE RANGE. 35 ^ ot Store Housa '■■s^fT^Pi Office w Cb CD t-ri > pa »2 P o s. p R ^- Q ■^ 3 CD ^ o 1> ^ ^3 g rT &d ^ CR ^ «> O &, 3 o o 36 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. circle lines of the centre and inner divisions are striped about one quarter of an inch in width, and, if painted with coach -black and turpentine, will not so readily be erased in wet weather. The same white and black mixtures are used with the marking-disks for painting out shots on the tar- gets. At the determined point, so many hundred yards from the proposed firing-point, a pit or trench is dug, extending continuously along the line of as many targets as are to be erected ; and when com- pleted, the marker stands in this pit watching through a glass window the target above and in front of him. Plate 1, on opposite page, gives a general idea, and shows a perspective view of the targets and butts (as much as can be seen of them from the outside), and plates 2, 3, and 4, on following pages, show scaled sections and plans. EMBANKMENT, TARGETS, ETC., AT CREEDMOOR. 37 I*LA.TE 1. General View of Embankment Fence, Targets, and Butts at Oreedmoor, showing Entrance to Butts at one End. 38 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. FLATE S. Section of Butt as built at Oreedmoor, with Trap Closed. & 6 7 8 SECTION OF BUTT AT CREEDMOOR. 39 Explanation of Plate 2. A, the iron target, 6 feet high. B, iron brace of target (two braces to each slab) resting on C, a piece of timber. D, wooden sleeper upon which target rests, 8 by 8 inches thick and 6 feet long, for second- and third-class targets, and 12 feet long for first-class targets. E, angle iron, i inch thick, to protect woodwork from bullets. F, wood, 5 inches high, 2\ inches thick, on which trap is hinged. G, the iron trap, down. H, the glass window; plate-glass, 12 by 24 .inches, i inch thick. I I, framework (wood) of window. J, roof of butt, H-inch plank, laid north and south. K K, roof of butt, 2-inch plank, laid east and west. L, south side or wall of butt, 2-inch plank, laid east and west. M, north side or wall of butt, 2-inch plank, laid east and west. O, wood on which trap-lever works. P, trap — rod iron. Q, marker's seat. R, raised platform under each target ; plank laid east and west. S, plank or beam supporting platform. T, floor of butt ; plank laid east and west. U, drain dug out; 1, 2, 3, and 4, racks for marking-disks. 40 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. PLATE 3. Pront View of Target and Butt as used at Oreedmoor. TARGET AND BUTT AT CREEDMOOR. 41 Explanation of Plate 3. A, the iron target. B B, wooden sleeper upon which target rests. C C, angle iron protecting wooden sleeper. D D, wood on which trap hinges. E, the iron trap raised and open. F, the sheet-iron trap-disk raised, painted red. G, iron trap-rod, H, handle of trap-lever. I, pivot on which trap-lever works. J, wood supporting trap-lever and pivot. K, roof of butt ; planks laid north and south. L, inside roof of butt ; planks laid east and west. M M, stanchions supporting roof strengthening the walls of butt, and on which are placed racks for the marking-disks. O, raised platform under each target. P, planks or beams supporting platform. Q, floor of butt. R, drain dug out under butt. S, white and hlack paint-pans for marking disks. 4:2 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. I>LA-TE 4. Plan of Butt with Iron Target as Used at Oreedmoor. TARGET AND BUTT AT CREEDMOOR. 43 Explanation of Plate 4. A, the iron target. B B, woodwork upon which the trap hinges. C C, wooden sleeper supporting target. D D, angle iron protecting wooden sleeper. E E, iron braces, holding target. F, timber upon which braces rest. G, iron trap, closed. H, sheet-iron trap-disk, down. I, plate-glass window. J, framework of window. K, roof of butt. L, ground level with roof. 44 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. The really indispensable equipments upon a range with the above s)"stem of targets may be enumerated as follows : For each target four mark- ing-disks, one danger-signal or flag, two paint-pans ; and in the butts a supply of black and white paint, water in pails, compasses, brushes, some rags or paper to clean off the glass window if it should become obscured, etc. At the firing -points as many danger -flags as there are targets; camp-stools or chairs; bugle, whistle, or other signal to call attention of markers ; water-pails and tin-dippers ; 3-lb. and 6-lb. trigger- testers ; and at least one tent or shelter for statis- tical, financial, and other work, bulletin-board, etc. Additions to the above can, of course, be made in time. The different firing-points (if not on one line) may be best designated by driving into the ground short stakes, about a foot high, painted white, each one in a direct line opposite its target, and bearing a painted number to correspond with the number thereof. A row of these stakes at, say, 200, 300, 400, and 500 yards will show the firing-points at those distances very plainly; and if a competitor is assigned to shoot at a certain target at a certain distance, he can, thus guided, readily proceed to the point designated. ''RUNNING-DEER'' TARGET. 45 A telephone, if obtainable, will be found very useful for purposes of communication between the firing-points and targets. In addition to the regular targets at Creedmoor, there is likewise upon that range a "Kunning- Deer" Target, which affords much amusement for those sportively inclined, though, besides being a source of amusement, shooting at a moving object is really of considerable importance in developing in marksmen quickness of aim and promptness of action. Magazine guns are specially adapted for this class of shooting, as high as six or seven shots having been fired while the ''deer" is running within the boundary lines a distance of seventy- five feet. In matches at the Running Deer, " any rifle — but sights to be over the centre of the bar- rel" — is generally allowed, the target being one hundred yards distant. The figure of a "Running Man," or, in fact, any other design that may be wished, can of course be substituted for the "deer." The figure is made of two thicknesses of iron (of similar manufacture to the target slabs), riveted to- gether and working on a central pivot, which is held or carried by an iron-bound framework truck, running upon four wheels — grooved like the wheels of a common car — and running in turn upon steel or iron rails, partly by force of gravita- 46 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. tion and partly by an impetus given it at the start on the down grade. After running down and up the inclined plane, the marker at the opposite side paints out with a brush the shot -mark (if a hit); signals with his disk, on the ^' dummy" painted on the wall, its location and value; turns the deer round on its pivot, so that it will not run back- wards, and is ready, upon hearing the signal, to give it the required push sending it to the other side. Marking at this target is done with two small disks painted on each side respectively white, red, black, and hlack cross on white hacJcgroimd. The first denotes a bull's-eye, counting 4 ; the second, a centre, counting 3 ; the third, an outer, counting 2 ; and the fourth, a " haunch," or hit on some part of the figure outside the outer line, counting 0, but being punishable by a fine of ten cents, which fine, together with fines of a similar amount for firing when the deer is out of bounds, or for not firing at all while it runs, are collected before an- other shot is fired. It is here suggested that the signal for a " haunch shot" be a red cross on a white background, in- stead of a hlacJc cross, as used at Creedmoor. The latter, being the same signal as the "inner" at other targets, often causes confusion in scoring. The divisions on the target are scaled as follows : ''RUNNING-DEER'' TARGET. 47 Bull's-eye, circular, 8 inches in diameter. Centre, " 22 " " " Outer, any part of deer outside centre line within line dividing the haunch. The following diagrams illustrate the construc- tion and dimensions of the target, fence, and wings : Eunning-Deer Target. (front view.) A, bullet-proof fence (plank filled in with stone), 112 feet long, 22 feet high, 2 feet wide at top, and 3 feet wide at bottom. B B, wings, 25 feet long, 22 feet high, same width as main fence, and made in same manner. Placed about 3 feet in advance, and covering ends of main fence about one foot. C C, painted "boundary lines," 75 feet apart, while running be- tween which the deer may be shot at. D, the " deer " running on the track. E E, dummies of the deer painted on main wall, on which marker places the disk, showing where the deer itself has been struck. F, the track, continuing at dotted lines behind the wings. A wood- en platform for the marker's use is also built behind each wing, and level with the track at these points. G G, steps leading to platforms at back of wings. 48 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. Eunning-Deer Target. A, the "deer." B, iron post (one each side) upon which deer hangs on pivot, strong- ly fastened to C, a round plate of iron working upon D, a similar round plate, fastened to the truck by an iron pin pierc- ing both plates, and fastened at top and bottom by E E, the nuts. F F, wooden body of the truck or carriage covered with iron. G G, thick iron covering protecting wheels. H, the rails. Note. — A thick iron protection must also be made covering the central pin or pivot and circular plates. By using a small straight spring or catch to fit in a cut in upper circular plate, it will pre- vent the deer from turning round, except when desired. We now pass on to the STONE AND WOODEN TARGETS. 49 STONE TARGETS. Bat one of these lias ever been used at Creed- moor, and, though it retains its clearness and whiteness even in wet weather better than the iron target, the bullets chip away the stone, and it has been found too unwieldy for general pur- poses, requiring the united strength of eight or ten men to move it. Another objection to the stone target lies in the fact that it is unalter- able, i. (3., cannot be changed to any class target at will, being one solid block of sandstone. WOODEN TARGETS. Of these targets but little need be said. They are easily made, easily covered with paper, easi- ly moved, and — easily shot to* pieces. Therefore, though they will answer well enough for a limited few to shoot at occasionally, they should not be considered permanently in connection with an es- tablished Range. As an interesting accessory, how- ever, wooden targets may be used to advantage in ''time" matches or " volley-firing." The figure of a man, for instance, may be drawn or painted on paper and tacked or pasted on the wood, and worked with hinges like a door, condi- tions requiring competitors to fire as many shots 4 60 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. "Man" or "Time" Target. C B A, the protection behind which the marker stands, and, with a string or rod fastened to the bottom of B, the target (with figure on it), closes or pushes it open like a door working upon hinges fastened to C, an upright post driven in tiie ground. as tliej please while the figure remains in view — for, saj, thirty seconds. A bullet-proof fence should be placed at a dis- tance from the target towards the firing-point equal to its width ; i. e.^ if the target is 3 feet wide, the SHEET-IRON AND PAPER TARGETS. 51 fence should be placed 3 feet from the target and on a line with the right or left edge of the target, which swings upon iron hinges, as before said, like a door. The bullet, of course, passes through the paper and wood ; and the marker, after pasting a piece of paper over the hole, shows with his disk (by placing it over the shot-mark) the value of the shot — "bull's-eye," "centre," and "inner" being divided by circular lines, and "outer" being al- lowed for a shot on any other portion of the body. SHEET-mON OK TIN TARGETS, that is to say, wooden or other frames, covered with sheet -iron, tin, or other metal, have been made and used, but have been found too expensive, and without sufficient durability to have received much, if any, favor. PAPER TARGETS. These, likewise, for steady open-air rifle-shooting are comparatively worthless, being likely to tear, blow away, or turn into rags in wet weatlier. For indoor shooting, however, they are unsui'passed when pasted or tacked on wood. We have now come to the 52 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE, the greatest rival of the iron. Many upholders has the canvas target, who claim for it cheapness, durability, safety, and easiness of handling. By "canvas" is meant any textile fabric applicable to the purpose. But two disks are needed for a canvas target, as there are no brushes in the back, and they can be painted both sides — thus : white on one side, and red on the other ; black cross on one side, and black on the other, representing respectively the bull's- eye, centre, inner, and outer. Black and white patches of paper, about three inches square or round, for pasting over the bul- let-hole made in the black or white portion, are used with all canvas targets. The canvas is stretched upon a framework, gen- erally of iron, triangular in shape, one angle facing the shooter, so that if the bullet strikes the iron, it will be eut in two, and pass on without " splash." Wood, hoop-iron, and cane have also been tried for frames, the former of which is still used con- siderably. The canvas is usually fastened to an iron frame by strings, passing through holes bored in the iron, and tied. On a wooden frame it may either be tied or tacked. To avoid errors in mark- WIMBLEDON TARGET. 53 ing, it is well to paste paper over the canvas, a bul- let passing through which makes more noise than in passing through canvas alone, and can hardly escape the marker's notice. The first to be described is the WIIVIBLEDON TAEGET, as used upon the Eange of the National Kifle Association of Great Britain at Wimbledon. The target works in a somewhat similar manner to the sashes of a window, the upper sash representing the target, and the lower sash a " dummy," or sec- ond target, covered with wire, and only used for signalling purposes. It, however, differs from the principle of a win- dow, inasmuch as when the target is pulled down the "dummy" goes up simultaneously. The following plates, copied from the Annual Report of the National Rifle Association of 1875, are fac-similes thereof, except that the modern di- visions on the target have been substituted for those of that year. 54 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. PLATE T'- The Wimbledon Target. Explanation of Plates 7 and 8. A, the target. Frame of iron (one inch thick by two inches deep, the front edge sharpened), covered with papered canvas. B, the dnmmy, or signalling target. Frame of wood, or of iron same as above, covered with board or canvas. Over the face of the dummy is stretched a wire net, and to the top a danger-signal is attached. C, two chains working over pulleys at D, connected with the side frames of the target and dummy; their length regulated like the sash-cord of a window, so that when target A is at a suflSciently high point above the ground to be seen at the firing-point, B shall be at the bot- tom of the trench out of sight. E E, sockets attached to sides of targets, working on guide-rods, F F, to secure correct vertical motion. G, square-linked chain attached to cross-bar of dummy, working under and over pulleys H H, over a ratchet-wheel at I, and kept rigid by counterweights, K. I, Ratchet-wheel with handle, to convey movement to target and dummy by means of chain G. When turned to the left, counterweight K is raised ; target A, by its excess of weight over the dummy B, descends and raises B ; and when turned to the right, B is brought down and A hauled up. L, danger-signal fixed to an arm working on a centre, and provided with a counterbalance. When not required, the counterweight is hooked up to wire net on dummy. WIMBLEDON TARGET. 65 The Wimbledon Target. Elevation, showing the appearance of the target from the firing-point. BOTTOM OF WELL HOLE Scale . . 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 SIGNAL Disks Bull's Eye Centre Inner Outer Ricochet SPOTTING DISK Bland's ^^ Patch ( White on Reverse.) 56 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. Signal - dishs are suspended from the netting over the face of the dummy. Thej are used to show the absolute value of hits, and their approxi- mate position. A separate disk is provided to show bnll's-ejes, centres, inners, outers, and ricochets. Each disk has a hook at the back, to admit of its being suspended from the wire netting stretched over the face of the dummy. SjpoUing-disJcs. — A small diamond-shaped piece of zinc, painted white on one side and black on the other, with hook on each side. The hook is placed in the actual shot-hole made, and the disk consequently shows the exact position of the hit. Method of WorJcing. — The target to be fired at is alone seen above the ground. The apparatus for working, sheltered by a parapet and trench, is out of sight, and protected from fire. When a shot has struck the target, the marker in the trench proceeds as follows : 1. Unhooks the counterweight of the danger-signal, and thus al- lows the red disk to appear in view before the target. 2. Hooks on to the wire net stretched over the dummy that " sig- nal-disk" which indicates the value of the hit, taking care to place such disk in as near a relative position as lie can to the hit on the target. 3. Winds the ratchet-wheel in the direction which will lower the target A, and therefore raise the dummy B, with its signal-disk. OPERATING THE WIMBLEDON TARGET. 57 - 4. When A is lowered, he phices, in the actual shot-hole made, a small zinc spotting-disk, with the white side to the front if the hit is on the hiiU's-eye, or the black side to the front if on white part of the target. N. B. — The above applies to the first hit only. For the second, or sniy succeeding hits, when the target is lowered he moves the spot- ting-disk into the shot-hole last made, and covers over with patch paper the hole that the spotting-disk had previously covered. 5. Winds the ratchet-wiieel in the direction to lower the dummy B, and raise the target A, for the next shot. 6. Removes the signal-disk from B, and waits for the next hit. Tlie above rules as to " spotting-disks " and ^' pa- per patches" apply to all systems of canvas tar- gets where these articles are used. bkunel's target. The following plates show the plan of canvas target invented by Lieutenant- Colonel Brunei, and used by the Dominion of Canada Eifle As- sociation at Ottawa. 68 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. Brunei's Target. (section.) J'iring Points FEETO 12 3 4 5 A, the target raised. B, marker's hut. C C, handles to move target. D, chain connected to the target. E, weight attached to other end of chain, balancing the target. F, brace. G, guide-rod. Explanation of Plate 10, A, the target raised. B B, braces. C C, handles to move target. D, chain connected to the target. E, weight at other end of chain. G G, iron guide-rods. Brunei's Target. (front view, target raised.) BOTTOM OF WELL HOLE 5 6 7 8 FEET 60 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. The target. A, is worked by the marker grasp- ing the handles, C C, and drawing it down the iron guide-rods, G G, the counterbalancing weight, E, being proportionately drawn np by the process. The target then stands before the marker, who hangs in the bullet-hole (by means of a hook fast- ened at the back) a card-board disk, painted to in- dicate its value ; lifts the handles, and raises the target to view again. These disks will be shot through and through, but, when quite worn out, are cheaply replaced. At the next hit the marker repeats the process as above, taking the disk out of the first hole, patch- ing that hole up, hanging a disk in the new hole, and again elevating the target. The framework of the target is made of iron, sharpened at the front like a V, the lower sharp point or corner facing the firing-points. sanfoed's target. Lieutenant - Colonel E. Harrison Sanford, of New York, in 187Y, designed a canvas target that should possess, in the main, all the principles and essentials of the Wimbledon target, but substituted for the mechanism of the latter a simpler construc- tion, based largely upon the principle of a common window with upper and lower sashes, though, in- SANFORD'S TARGET. 01 stead of balancing tlie sashes with separate weights, they were made to balance themselves, so that when one was pulled down, the other was simul- taneously and proportionately raised. The framework of this target is made of wood, and has two legs, which are secured to the sash by being pushed through staples fastened thereon. By increasing or diminishing the length of these frames, any class target can be erected and changed at will by simply building the legs of the frame the same distance apart, so as to admit of their being passed through the staples and becoming an attachment of the sash. The canvas may be stretched over and tacked to the frame. Plates 11 and 12 illustrate the mechanism of the system, and show the dummy elevated above the level, and the target lowered into the pit. The length of the pit must, of course, be suffi- cient to admit the target into it with, say, one foot margin each side. Thus, if only second- and third-class targets are to be used, the pit should be about eight feet long by six feet wide at top, and seven feet deep. A iirst-class target has been used in the diagram to show more plainly the manner of working. 62 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE, PJLiATE 11. Sanford's Target. (section.) 2 345 6 789 10 [For explanation, see page 64.] SANFORD'S TARGET. 63 FL^TE IS. Sanford's Target. (front view of dummy, target, and pit.) Bottom of Well Hole [For explanation, see page 64.] Q4: THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. EXPLA.NATION OF Platks 11 AND 12 (pages 62, 63). A, the dummy (covered with wire netting) raised. B, the target lowered. C, legs of target. D, legs of dummy. E, staples through which legs of target and dummy respectively slide. F, framework sash supporting dummy. G, framework sash supporting target. H, iron guide-rods upon which sash of dummy works up and down at staples L L L L. M, iron guide-rods (only one rod seen) upon which sash of target works similar to that of the dummy. I, chains attached by a staple to top of the two sashes, and passing over the wheel J. K K, wooden posts (to wliich are attached at N tlie guide-rods), securely braced togetlier by horizontal timbers at top and bot- tom, in front of which the dummy, and hack of which the target, passes on being moved up and down. , dotted lines on dummy show where framework extends. Same on the target. DOUBLE TARGETS. 65 The marking and signalling are done at this target in a similar manner to those of the Wim- bledon Target, except as to the ricochet, when, instead of using a separate disk, the Creedmoor rule is observed of waving the red flag, or dan- ger-signal, three times in front of the target. DOUBLE TARGETS. The preceding plan may be changed (perhaps advantageously where quick shooting is desired) bj substituting in place of the dummy a second target, so that when a shot strikes the exposed tar- get, the marker, upon locating it, raises the disk denoting its value, and, placing it over the hole, allows it to remain in view for a few seconds, after which he lowers that target (the second one being thereupon raised and exposed), patches the bullet- hole, and repeats as soon as the other target is struck. SWINGING TARGETS. The following diagrams show a system of canvas targets in use upon a Range in ]^ew Jersey. The tiring-points are all on one line, the targets being erected as many yards distant from the flring- points as desired. With this plan a series of " stone fences," iron mantlets, or protection for markers, is 5 66 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. required, one fence sheltering the markers ot two targets. This can best be explained by the following il- lustration : 1 I 1 ! f i 1 1 ' 1 200 Yds..?^ ^ ... i i 1 t- XOO Tds. ^ A j 1 i i ^ i 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 i=> ! A 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . A pI-T 1 ^ 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 io 1 1 1 1 _ Line of Firing Points A, the marker's fence or protection. B, the targets swung open, or exposed. C, the targets closed, or swung in. SWINGING TARGETS. nPLATE 13. Swinging Targets, Used upon a Range in New Jersey. (As seen from the firiug-poiuts.) 67 A A, the targets open, or exposed. B, fence or protection behind which markers stand, painted hLick. C C, posts to prevent targets from swinging hack too far, strongly braced. D D, posts upon which targets are hinged. (These posts are as many feet back from the fence as the target measures across its face; thus, with third-class targets as above, they are a little over 4 feet in rear of the fence ; if a second-class target, they would be placed 6 feet from the fence, and 12 feet for a first-class target.) E E shows where a pulley is fasteneu to a post through which an endless rope runs. This rope is attached to the lower left and right corners of the respective targets ; and the marker, by pulling one side of the rope, draios the target to him, or shut, and by pulling the other, draws the target from him, or open. 68 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. The framework of these targets is made of pine- wood, 1 inch thick, 3 inches wide, and braced at tlie back to prevent the target from sagging. The canvas is nailed on this framework, and marking is done by pulling in the target, and hanging in the bullet-hole a small black or white disk, and, upon the target being pushed open again, the marker puts forth a disk over the spot struck in- dicating its value. At the next shot he closes the target again, takes the small disk out of bullet-hole previously made, patches that hole, hangs the small disk in the new hole, and marks as above. Still another canvas target of recent invention is that commonly known as "Jewell's Target." It was experimented with at Creed moor, but the existing prejudice against canvas compelled its removal. Major Herbert S. Jewell, of Brooklyn, N. Y., kindly furnished the writer with diagrams from which the following reduced illustrations have been taken. They show a left-handed target; but to change to right-hand, if desired, it will only be neces- sary to make a transposition from one side to the other. JEWELUS TARGET. I'L^TE 14. Jewell's Target. (PRO\T ELEVATION.) 69 Ol 234-56 789 [For explanation, see following pnge.] 70 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. Explanation of Plate 14. A, the target raised. B B, legs of target passing through C C C C, iron sockets. D, a framework supporting the target, and working upon a centre- pin or spindle (12 inches long) securely fastened to E, a heavy timber at back of pit. F, a weight counterbalancing the target, which can be raised or lowered according to weight desired. G, iron arm holding weight to framework, D. H, iron feather on arm, with notches for the purpose of raising or lowering the counterbalance weight. The weight is held in place by a set screw tapped into the weight, the point of which is screwed into the desired notch. J, iron stop with rubber tip, preventing target fi'om revolving too far, and against which weight rests when target is elevated. K, iron lever with handle firmly secured to upper part of frame- work. L, signalling disk or disks (explained in Fig. 3). M, rod of same, connecting with N, a notched stationary wheel (ex])lained in Fig. 2). O, handle of notched wheel. P, level of ground and top of pit. Q, floor of pit. NOTCHED WHEEL OF JEWELLS TARGET. 71 The meclianism permits of any class target being used by taking out the frame and legs of one tar- get and substituting another. The pit must, how- ev^er, be made sufficiently long and deep to admit of the drawing-down of the largest-size target to be used. The framework and machinery are all made of iron, but the writer inclines to the belief that woodwork should be substituted where prac- ticable, thus making the whole mechanism less cumbersome. Fig. 2 Fig. 2 represents N on Plate 14. It is a station- ary iron wheel, about 10 inches in diameter, the handle only turning. It has five notches, into ei- ther of which the spring-arm of the handle may be placed. Four notches are in the centre of the di- vided quarters, painted as shown above, and signi- fy respectively bull's-eye, centre, inner, and outer ; the other notch is on the line between the red and 72 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. white quarters, and signals a ricochet, the disk pre- senting to view one side red and the other w^hite. The handle is attached to the rod (M on Plate 14), at the other end of which is a disk (L), designed and painted to signal any of the five signals of bulFs-eje, centre, inner, outer, and ricochet. Fig. 3. Fig. 3 explains its formation . Each disk is round, and is modelled upon the principle of a revolving railroad switch-signal. It will now be understood that by turning the handle of the " notched w4ieel," the disk at the other extremity of the rod is corre- spondingly turned. As shown above, the handle is in the "inner" notch, the "inner" disk being turned to the front by the process. SYSTEM OF MAKKING. When a shot strikes the target, the marker sees, and mentally locates, the value of the shot, turns the handle connecting with the revolving disk into the desired notch, grasps the lever, and pulls the target over (he is provided witli two small disks made of wood, tin, or iron, wnth a hook in centre and each side of them, and painted respectively THE REVOLVING TARGET. 73 white and red, and black cross^ and black), hangs the disk denoting value in the shot-hole, patches the last hole, lifts the lever, and swings the target into position ready for the next shot. THE REVOLVING TARGET. A target of cheap and simple construction, known as the " Revolving Target," designed by General George W. Wingate, the General Inspec- tor of Rifle Practice, State of IN^ew York, is used to some extent by the United States Army and others, and gives general satisfaction. A pit is first dug 13 or 14 feet long by T or 8 feet deep and about 6 feet wide for targets of the third class, and proportionately deeper and longer for targets of the second and first classes. A stont upright post or beam is driven into the ground and firmly braced, its upper end being level with the top of the pit. An iron pin is then fastened, so as to project from this upright post, forming the axis upon which the target re- volves. The framework of two targets is connected by a cross-piece, through the centre or hub of which the iron pin or pivot passes, and the targets re- volve upon it on the principle of a wheel. 74 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE, PL^TE 15. Kevolving Targets. (section of targets and pit.) A LEVELj'', OF GROUND mi. Bottom of Pit Scale of Feet A, target exposed. B, other target in the pit. O, upright post holding targets. 3 4 5 6 D, the hub in eentie of framework connecting the two targets, E, iron pin on which hub turns. REVOLVING TARGETS, 75 FLATE 16. Eevolving Targets. (front view of targets and pit.) Levef of Mound A in front of Target LEVEL OF ^iE ) J GROUND i 1 i c Platform; in front of Target 1 Bottom of Pit Scale of Feet A, target exposed. B, other target in the pit. C C, upright post holding tlie targets upon central pin. D D, framework with hub in centre. 76 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. System of Marking.— When the exposed target is struck, the marker raises a disk denoting the vahie of the shot, and places it for an instant over the bullet-hole in the target hit ; he then, with his right hand, pushes the other target to the left and up to the perpendicular, patches the shot-hole just made in target I^o. 1, and is ready to repeat as soon as target No. 2 is struck. The following, which for want of a better name is here called THE "possible" TAEGET, was devised not long since, but has never, to the author's knowledge, been publicly used. For sim- plicity of action and construction it appears to pos- sess merit, and it is claimed that the marking can be very prompt in the hands of a skilful man. The firing-points for all distances can be estab- lished on the one line, as, w^hen not in use, the target can be drawn down flat, a few inches below the level of the ground, and so not interfere with the view of objects beyond. As with the iron targets, a pit must be dug at the required distance from the flring-point 6J feet deep, 8 feet long (for second- or third-class targets, and about 14 feet long for first-class), and 9 feet wide (north and sontli) THE ''POSSIBLE'' TARGET. 77 at its extreme width, as shown in the following diagrams. The canvas is tightly stretched upon a framework of angular iron, and works like a lid to the pit, hinging upon a solid wooden roller, be- ing opened and shut at will, the weight of the target being counterbalanced by weights suspend- ed under the roller. If found necessary, the dis- tance between the weights and the roller can be increased, and more leverage thus obtained in rais- ing and lowering the target. It will be noticed on Plate 17 at B, and on Plate 18 at C C— the " continuation of iron framework," etc. — that that portion of the framework has a "shoulder" which rests upon the upper part of the roller, and per- mits of its being securely and tightly screwed by the key or nut underneath. 78 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. I>IjA.TE it. (section.) 5 6 7 8 9 10 FEET THE ''POSSIBLE'' TARGET. 79 Explanation of Plate 17. A to A, angular iron framework of target. B, continuation of iron framework passing through the wooden roller, D, and screwed tight by C, the key or nut. D, the wooden roller. E E, wooden handles to turn the roller. F, iron rod under roller bearing weights. G, the weights (iron or lead). H, wood supporting top of target when pulled down. I, thick rubber on top of wood. J J, marker's shelves for holding paste, patches, disks, etc. K, marker's seat to be placed against left side of pit. L, floor of pit. M M, walls of pit. 1, a piece of timber fastened in the ground by 2, a wooden spike or spikes, and tipped at the end by 3, a piece of thick rubber. 80 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE'. PLATE 18. (front elevation.) B 1 1 1 1 \ 1 1 1 I I 2345678 FEET THE ''POSSIBLE'' TARGET. ^\ Explanation of Plate 18. A, the target. B B B B, the angular iron frame upon which target is stretched. C C, continuation of frame through roller, F, secured by D D, keys or nuts. E E, handles by which roller is turned. r F, the wooden roller. G- G, iron tips to roller working in H, an iron socket (same both ends). 1 I, iron rods bearing the weights to balance target, and passing through the roller, F, secured at the top by J J, iron nuts. K K, continuation of iron rod bearing weights with key or nut to keep L L, the weights, in their place. (L), spare weights. M M, timber laid solid in ground holding the attached iron sockets in which the iron tips (G G) of the roller work. (A portion of the trunk of a tree is best for this purpose.) N, an iron bolt used in case of a strong north wind to keep target from blowing forward ; must, of course, be unbolted every time the target is marked, or a wheel with teeth might be used in- stead. 0, iron-bound hole in M, in which bolt works. P, table holding extra weights. Q, side-walls of pit, B, floor of pit. 1, 2, timbers, tipped with rubber, keeping target from falling back- ward with a south wind. & &, holes through roller ready for the third-class target to be fastened as above. 6 82 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. REDUCED TARGETS, or the 1^. R. A. target reduced in size proportion- ately to distance, are much used for indoor practice ; and, though not affording an absolutely accurate comparison of scores made upon the Range (where wind, weather, light, and atmosphere have to be considered), they are of considerable value as a means of approximate comparison. Reduced paper targets are regularly manufact- ured, and may be purchased ready for use. They can, however, be easily made by following a simple rule of scaling. Thus, if the bull's-eye of the reg- ular third-class target at 200 yards measures 8 inches in diameter, and it is desired to shoot at a distance of 25 yards, or 75 feet, at the same target reduced to make the distance equal to 200 yards, it is onl}^ necessary to calculate as follows : bull's- eye at 200 yards is 8 inches in diameter ; at 100 yards it is 4 inches ; at 50 yards it is 2 inches ; at 25 yards it is 1 inch, and so on with the other di- visions of the target. These rules will, of course, apply to any class target, and need no other ex- planation. BRINTON RIFLE RANGE. 83 ^P.N3AV J.aOd H w cr O P &• bri ^ CD tb ^ CD Ch W 1— 93 5£ e »<5 crq • fT> 84 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. Marking-disks. BLACK CROSS HITE RED ON WHITE BLACK ?0f t ^ Counts 5 Centre Counts 4 Inner Counts 3 Outer c 3 O o CO oS MAKKING-DISKS ADOPTED BY THE NATIONAL EIFLE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA. Tlie disks used at second- and third-class targets are usually 18 inches in diameter, while those used at the first-class targets are about 30 inches in di- ameter. . The poles in use at Creedmoor are about 8 feet in length. For iron targets, sheet or galvan- ized iron disks are the most durable. For canvas or other targets, where no brush is required at the back, they may be made of iron, wood, tin, can- vas stretched upon a hoop, or strong card-board, each arranged with either a handle or hook, as required. For canvas targets, the spotting-disk to be hung in the bullet-hole may be made of iron, tin, or card-board, and may be round or square, as fancy PAPER PATCHES AND DANGER-SIGNALS. 85 dictates, having a hook in the centre. White is required for spotting a shot on the bull's-eye, and black for any other portion of the target. PAPEK PATCHES for canvas, wood, or paper targets. Plenty of these should be provided for each target, and may be pasted on with common paste at time of cover- ing hole, or may be gummed beforehand, requiring only to be moistened to make them adhere. They should be white and black, so as not to deface the target, and should be cut round, 2 or 3 inches in diameter. DANGER-SIGNALS for the firing-points should be flags made of red bunting about 2x3 feet in size, the edges all hemmed and fastened to poles 12 or 14 feet high, pointed and tipped with iron at the bottom, to allow of their being stuck in the ground. At the targets (as bunting is expensive and easily torn) danger-signals of tin, iron, canvas, or wood painted red may be made and fastened to a pole like the disk; but the danger-signal should be much larger than, and of a different shape from, the disk, or else it might easily be mistaken at a distance for a "centre." 86 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. TEIGGEK-TESTEES. These are indispensable to test the triggers of rifles, according to the Regulations of the IS^ational Rifle Association, which require "military" rifles to sustain upon the trigger, full cocked, the mini- mum weight of 6 lbs., and " any" rifles 3 lbs. They are easily made by attaching to a rod of iron, bent to an angle or hook at the upper end (to hang on the trigger), as much lead as will, with rod and all, weigh respectively 3 and 6 lbs. WIND-INDICATORS, or contrivances to show plainly from which direc- tion the wind blows, are most easily and readily obtained by using flags or streamers, or both, for such purpose. They should be fastened to poles from 20 to 40 feet high, and erected on the embankment or fence in rear of the targets, as well as at regular distances along the side or sides of the Range. Red bunting is most generally used, though other colors are sometimes substituted. Streamers are better indicators than flags. A common wind-vane will be of some benefit to marksmen in determining the direction of the wind, but the addition of a clock-dial will be of great assistance. DIAL WIND-INDICATOR. 87 FLA^TE 19. Dial Wind -indicator. ^X^s 88 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. Explanation of Plate 19. A, face of the dial. B, the hand. C, the wind-vane. D, cog-wheel of hand turned by E, cog-wheel of wind- vane. The face can be made of wood or iron, any size, and placed as high as desired. When the wind-vane is true north, place the hand at XII and con- nect the cog-wheel, and the instrument is set. As shown above, it is a " nine-o'clock," or west, wind. Though the erection of many wind-indicators is desirable, their use in numbers is not imperative, except at the longer ranges, where nicer calcula- tions have to be made. One or two streamers should certainly be placed upon the top of the embankment, and, say, one flag or streamer every two hundred yards along the side of the Range. w > w > 3 a. O ZS i-S a<5 p CD rrq Cih (D '2. 35 3 CT? 3 ►r! (Jq O TS 3 3 o p 3 90 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. SCOEING-BOARDS. Though not essential, these boards are decidedly useful, and facilitate the duties of the score-keeper by holding the tickets of competitors at his target constantly before him. They should be made of tin, about a foot in length, and of a uniform width, the side edges be- ing bent over to form a groove, into which the score tickets may slide. Having now seen some of the numerous designs of targets and appurtenances, we will shout " Ex- celsior!" and suppose our newly formed Associa- tion to have secured its Range, and erected, say, six targets, which can be changed at will to first, second, or third class. The Range is equipped and ready for active service. It is tlie spring of the year, and the opening of the Range has been decided to take place on, say, the 15th of May. Our Prize Committee has been, and still is, hard at work obtaining donations of prizes. Our Board of Directors, or Executive Committee, in conjunc- tion with the Prize Committee, meets about a month, or at least three weeks, prior to the open- ing day ; and, having received a full report to date from the Prize Committee, decides upon a programme as follows : PROGRAMME. 91 PROGRAMME OF SPRING MEETING AND Opening of the Range of Rifle Association, TO BE HELD AT RANGE, On Wednesday, Mat 15, 18 — , commencing at 9 o'clock A.M. Competition. 'No. 1, ]Vlay- 15, at 9 A.]VE. "Directors' Match." Open only to Directors and Honorary Directors of the Rifle Association. Distance, 200 yards. Position, standing. Five shots. Any rifle. Entrance-fee, $1. PRIZE. The Directors' championship gold badge, provided by the Di- rectors themselves, to be shot for annually, and held by the winner during the year ; value $50. Competition. N"o. S, IVIay- 15. "Short-range Match." (Limited to 100 Entries.) Open to all comers. Distance, 200 yards. Seven shots. Po- sition, standing. Weapon, any military rifle. Entrance-fee, $1. PRIZES. 1 St Prize , a • rifle, presented by ■ , of ; value — $100 2d " a gold medal, presented by , of ; value 50 3d " a silver cup, presented by , of ; value $25, and cash $5 30 4th " 2Q% of the total entrance-fees. 5th " 15^ " " 6th " 10% " Six Prizes. 92 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. Competition No. 3, HVCay 1S>. "Team Match." (Entries limited to 15 Teams.) Open to teams of four men from any regularly organized Rifle Club, or Association, or Military Organization. If the latter, to appear in the uniform of their corps. Members of teams to have been regularly enlisted, or elected members of the organization represented, and to have been such for at least one month prior to the day upon which this match is announced to be shot. Dis- tances, 200 and 500 yards, seven shots at each distance. Weapon : in the case of teams representing military organizations, the rifle with which they are uniformly armed ; in other cases, any mili- tary rifle, excluding specials. Entrance-fee, $5 each team. PRIZES. 1st. To the team making the highest aggregate score, a trophy, value $100 2d. To the team making the second highest aggregate score, a silver cup, presented by , of , value $25; and a club or regimental pin to each member of the team, value $25 50 3d. A.bronzemedal, value $15, and cash $10 25 Three Prizes. Total value $175 Competition ZN'o. 4, "NLay 15. "Consolation Match." (Limited to SO Entries.) Open only to those who have not won any individual prize dur- ing this meeting. Distance, 500 yards. Seven shots. Weapon, any rifle. Position, any. Entrance-fee, $1. PROGRAMME. 93 PRIZES. 1 St. A silver urn, presented b}' , of ; value $50 2cl. A life membership in this Association, value , and cash 35 3d. A military rifle, presented by , of ; value . 20 4th. Cash 10 5th. Cash 9 Five Prizes. Total value $ 1 24 Competition. !N"o. G, HVTay .16. "Long-range Match." Open to all comers. Distances, 800, 900, and 1000 yards. Fifteen shots at each distance. Position, any. Entrance-fee, $1. No coaching allowed. PRIZES. 1st. A • Creedmoor rifle, presented by , of ; value f — 2d. A life membership in this Association, value , and cash — 3d. 15^ of total entrance-fees. 4th. 10^ of total entrance-fees. Four Prizes. TIME TABLE. Trains leave, etc. Boats, etc. Refreshments on the ground at reasonable rates. Admission at gate, 50 cents to all non-members. 94 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. General Rules. No sighting shots will be allowed in any match, but Pool Tar- gets will be open continuously at distances to correspond with the matches in progress. Tickets good for one shot at any Pool Tar- get will be sold at the Headquarters Tent upon the Range at 10 cents each. Fifty per cent, of the gross pool receipts will be di- vided pro rata among those making buWs-eyes at the Fool Targets (who will be furnished with a ticket upon making a bull's-eye). Entries to matches must be made either in person or by letter to the Secretary, at his office. No. Street, on or before May 10 next. Entries received after that date will be charged 50 per cent, extra as Post Entries^ and must take their chances of target accommodation. No entry will be received unless accom- panied by the amount of entry charges, either in cash or in post- office or money order for value. Please fill out, sign, and forward enclosed entry blank in accord- ance with the following. Secretary. FORM OF ENTRY BLANK. 95 Form of Entry Blank. To be filled up by competitor or team and returned to the Secre- tary, , on or before May 10, 18 — . l^- Write the word " this " opposite match entered for. _^|! 1 Individual Matches, May 15, 18-. No. Match. Yards. Rifle. Open to Write "TAt's" here. Amount Enclosed. Leave these columns blank. Hour. (Target. > Directors'. 200 Any. Directors. % c. 2 Short ) Range. ) 200 Any Mil. All comers, l 4 Couso- ) lation.j 500 Any. See Progr. 5 Long ) Range.; ( 800) \ 900^ booo) Any. All comers. May 16. Total, $ Name, Address : 5 %. Team Match, May 16, 18-. No. Match. Yards. Rifle. Open to Write "TAm" here. Amount Enclosed. Leave these columns blank. Hour. Target. 3 Team. (200? i5oor See Progr, Teams of 5. $ c. Organization, 1 Team Captain. 1 Address Tips for retu jd in time, a ) WniQ pi ain y, ai T idei are i otal, % iclose g lot rece ta iv( ... enclosed. ru of tickets if desired. If they pply on Range. 96 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. The preceding is our programme complete. It should be the Secretary's duty to see that the same is correctly printed, and afterwards distributed. A good form for a programme, and one that has re- ceived universal favor, is that of printing it on two, four, or more pages, of a medium size, each page, say, ^^ by 3 inches, made to fold like a little book or pamphlet. This is convenient alike for refer- ence and carrying. The great aim in inaugurating our first Prize Meeting should be not so much to make it pay as not to lose by it ; though even if some pecuniary loss should appear, it will be fully covered — if not too large — by the future good results and publicity of our opening. It is a bold stroke to pretend to show anything like the receipts and expenses of conducting this Spring Meeting, when it is not known to whom or where it may apply ; but we will suppose an in- stance of average enterprise and discretion on the part of the management, a reasonable number of riflemen, fair weather, and with the matches an- nounced, admission to the Range 50 cents each to non-members, and 25 cents extra for each saddle- horse or horse and wagon, and estimate how we shall stand. ESTIMATED RECEIPTS AND EXPENSES. 97 EXPENSES. For printing 2000 4-page Programmes of Meeting. $; 'lOm Entrance Blanks 25 Entrance or Score Tickets, Match 1. 150 " " " " 2. 25 " " " " 3. <; It n ^ " " " 5. 00 5 00 100 75 375 " 10 00 500 Admission Tickets to Range 3 00 500 Pool Tickets , 3 00 500 Bull's-eye Tickets 3 00 500 Competitors' Number Tickets (In- dividual) and 75 Competitors' Number Tickets (Team) 3 00 Prizes. 3d Prize, Match No. 2 5 00 1 st Prize, Match No. 3 100 00 2d Prize, Match No. 3, Pins or Medals 25 00 3d Prize, Match No. 3, Medal and Cash 25 00 Match No. 4, Cash 19 00 On Range. 1st day, 6 Scorers @ f 2 12 00 1st day, 6 Markers @ $1 25 7 50 2d day, 4 Scorers @ $2 8 00 2d day, 4 Markers @ $1 25 5 00 37 00 174 00 32 50 Total Expenses for Meeting $243 50 7 98 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. RECEIPTS. Ent.-fees, Match 1, 15 (S) $1 $15 00 Ent.-fees, Match 2, 90 @ $1 $90 00 " " 2,10@4il50,.J5(10^,^„„„ Less divisions of money, 20^ 21 00 " " \5% 15 75 " " 10^ 10 50 ,^ „^ 11^57 75 Ent.-fees, Match 3, 12 teams @ $5 60 00 Ent.-fees, Match 4, 75 @ $1 75 OO Ent-fees, Match 5, 20 @ $1 20 00 " " 5@$l 50... 7 50 Less divisions of money, 15^ 4 12 " " *' 10^.... 2 75 27 50 — i^3$228 38 Sold 500 Pool Tickets @ 10c 50 00 Less paid Bull's-eyes 25 00 o- nn Admissions at Gate 75 00 $328 38 Expenses 243 50 Balance $84 88 PREPARATIONS FOR SPRING MEETING. 99 This balance will be used up for sundries, postage, lunch, etc., so that, though showing no large balance of money, we make our Spring Meeting an event of interest to riflemen, we advertise our existence, we secure members, we show what we can do, and, last but not least, we establish our association and give it this gratifying start, and all without losing one cent; and the chances are that by judicious advertising beforehand, and with the aid of a live Prize Committee, we can both increase the num- ber of our donated prizes and also the number of competitors and spectators, and so correspond- ingly increase the balance in our treasury. And here let it be borne in mind that great care should be taken in the selection of the Annual Prize Com- mittee, the most active and influential members only being appointed as members thereof. For some time previous to the adoption and is- sue of the programme, let every memher of the Board of Directors consider himself a member ji?ro teTYi. of this committee, and use his personal exer- tions to obtain prizes, reporting promptly to tlie Prize Committee proper every donation so ob- tained. It is a comparatively unappreciated fact that more responsibility indirectly rests upon this committee for the success of a meeting than upon any other committee or ofiicer, not only in the ob- 100 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. taiiiing of prizes, but also in the placing of them so as to be appropriate and attractive. It is also a very slov^^lj appreciated fact in this country that the desires of the competitors should he ascertained regarding the hind of prizes that will be acceptable. In Europe more diversity ex- ists, the donations of articles foreign to rifle-shoot- ing being as eagerly sought after as the other class. It is no uncommon occurrence to find in the pro- grammes of European and other foreign rifle asso- ciations such prizes as orders for wearing-apparel, mnsical instruments, sewing-machines, smoker's articles, provisions, jewelry, etc. The " rifle pulse" should likewise be carefully felt as to offering money prizes. The foregoing programme has been printed in detail, not so much with the intention of its being made a criterion as to matches, conditions, and prizes (w^hich can only be arranged by those know- ing the circumstances and wants of the particular classes and numbers likely to visit and patronize the Eange), but more to show the form and gen- eral style, and, most of all, to make a basis upon which to understandingly work out the practical management and "running" of the matches, en- tries, etc. Having, therefore, shown the financial probabil- THE SECRETARY'S DEPARTMENT. \0\ ities and possibilities of successfully carrying out our programme, we will next go on and familiar- ize ourselves with the practical internal workings of the different departments, commencing with the SECRET AEy's DEPARTMENT. Immediately upon the adoption of the pro- gramme, the Secretary should consult with the Executive Officer as to the probable number of entries in each match, and having agreed upon a maximum, at least twenty per cent, over that number of score tickets should be printed. First, for " Competition ^o. 1, Directors' Match," score cards similar to Plate ]^o. 1 (in " Forms of Score Cards," pp. 135-144) should be printed ; for "Competition N'o. 2, Short-range Match," Plate No, 2 ; for " Competition Ko. 3, Team Match," Plate No. 3 ; for " Competition No. 4, Consolation Match," Plate No. 4; and for " Competition No. 5, Long-range Match," score cards as shown in Plate No. 5. The printer should be instructed to print score tickets on card-board of medium thickness, and color for distance^ i.e., one color for each distance in all matches ; or, plainer still, say, all tickets for 200 yards, white ; tickets for 500 yards, yellow ; for 800 yards, ^^7^^; for 900 yards, green; for 102 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 1000 yards, hlue, etc. Have them printed on tints rather than positive colors. This rule of " color for distance " prevents the possibility of a competitor shooting upon a 500 -yard ticket at 200 yards, and vice versa^ as the scorekeeper is made familiar with the color corresponding to each distance. Every score ticket must be numbered on the back (on ticket and coupon) from l^o. 1 up to as many numbers as there are tickets at each distance and each match. These numbers may be printed or written. They are used only for the purpose of comparing a detached coupon with the original ticket in case of dispute, and have no other sig- nificance. The "Competitor's N^umber" must next be at- tended to, and should be printed on light card- board as follows : COMPETITOR'S NUMBER. This is the Competitor's dumber by which he will be known throughout the Meeting, and which number will be used for all subsequent entries, and posted on the Bulletin Board for Shoot- ing off Ties, or other Official Communications. SCORE TICKETS AND ENTRY SHEET. 103 The same form will do for teams by substituting the word ''Team" for "Competitor" wherever it occurs, and correcting the phraseology to conform to the change. The numbers in the square may be printed or written, and should be from one up to, and somewhat in excess of, as many indi- viduals or teams as are expected to compete in all of the matches, one ticket and number for each individual and team. To readily distinguish the two classes, the " Individual Numbers " should be printed on white, and the " Team [N'umbers" on pink cards. We now require an " Entry Sheet " or Book on or in which to record all entries, and one can be made by ruling as in the following reduced form : •id Individnal Entries, Spring Meeting, etc., 18-. Name. Match. No. 1. No. 2. No. 4. No. 5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 \ 1 8 r 1 1 9 1 1 lO 1 1 104 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. Several entrj sheets can be made and ruled on white paper, numbered as high as the Competitors' Numbers run. For teams the entry sheets may be ruled similar to the following reduced form on pink paper, and numbered as high as the Team Numbers run : Team Entries, Spring Meeting, etc., 18-. Team No. Organization Repre- sented. Captain of Team. Match No. 3. 1 S 3 4 1 5 6 7' 8 9 lO Now, suppose everything to be so far in readi- ness, and the entries commencing to come in. Tlie first entry received is from Charles Ross, of Phil- adelphia, who enters in matches Nos. 2 and 4, en- closing therefor $2. The Secretary enters on In- dividual Entrance Sheet his name on the first line and checks on that line (\/) in the columns ruled for the purpose under the matches entered for (Nos. 2 and 4). He then writes in the square FILLING ENTRY BLANKS. 105 blank in the upper corner of the Individual En- try Blank the figure 1. He places that blank on file, puts the money away, and is ready for the next and following entries. Team entries are, of course, treated in the same way. Any remarks necessary may be endorsed on the Entry Blank before filing ; such, for instance, as " will call for tickets," or " mail tickets ;" and if the latter (and rule as to sending postage-stamps has been complied with), copy name and address on an envelope, place the stamps on, and put it away for the present. On May 11, the day after close of regular en- tries, the Executive Ofiicer should come to the Sec- retary's office, and make his target assignments, showing target and hour at which competitor is assigned to shoot. The method of making these assignments will be shown farther on under heading of" Executive Department." For the present, we will confine ourselves to the Secretary's work. The Executive Officer marks upon each Entry Blank (Individual and Team in turn) the hour and target — in columns left blank for that purpose — and, either simultaneously or afterwards, the Sec- retary, having his score tickets sorted out and at hand, copies from the Entry Blank the competitor's 106 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. numher, name, date, and hour of matcli and target to which he has been assigned ; and having s© copied, he places the score ticket or tickets in an envelope (either for the mail or to be called for), addresses it, and encloses therein a Competitor's (or Team) I^^umber, corresponding, of course, to the number on the score ticket. The Executive Officer should come to the Secretary's office every day. — in the evening, if convenient — up to the day preceding the opening of the meeting,' to make assignments for those making late or post entries. By these progressive stages we have now come to the duties and workings of the EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. The Executive Officer should have prepared, by the time entries commence to be received, a blank form, ruled on card-board or stout paper, as fol- lows: TARGET ASSIGNMENT BLANK. 107 <=r> ^ R. O- E T 1 l'^' 1 •— ' 2 M to i 1 1 1 i i § § ■g i y i i i 5 1 M J 108 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. We have six targets on our Range, numbered from 1 to 6, as shown in the column at the left of table on preceding page. The time assign- ments are made upon a basis of half-hours^ the time from 9 A.M. to 5.30 P.M. being equal to 8^ honrs, or 17 half-hours for the day. An average of one minute per shot is allowed. Thus, if we ^lacefour mefi at a target, they can each fire 7 shots (total, 28 shots) within the half- hour, and have two minutes to spare. With Jive targets (one being used for pool-shooting), we can therefore provide for twenty men at once, firing 140 shots every half-hour. Thus, taking our time for the day of 15 half-hours, or 450 minutes (one hour being allowed for recess or lunch), we can have at our Jl/ve targets equal to 300 com/petitors (28 shots at each target each half-hour) firing 2100 shots per day. Now, by referring to our original entries, w^e find the total number of shots to be provided for on the first day as follows (see Table of Receipts) : Match. Shots. No. 1. 15 competitors shoot 5 shots each = 75 No. 2. 90 c( tt y " = 630 No. 3. 48 " (12 teams) " 7 ,, f200yds.l ^ (5^^ (500 " ) No. 4. 75 t< "7 " = 525 Total. 1902 ENTRANCE BLANKS. 109 Nineteen Imndred and two shots in one day, and we have time to shoot twenty-one hundred. The surphis time covers post entries, " which must take their chances of target accommodation." The Executive Officer now takes up the En- trance Blanks, and is careful not to unnecessarily crowd a competitor — that is to say, not to assign him for different matches that lie may be en- tered for on consecutive half-hours, if it is avoid- able — and makes the assignment as follows: He writes the Competitor's Number on his ruled sheet opposite the target, and ivnder the hour or half-hour desired; copies this assignment on the Entrance Blank ; and proceeds with the next en- try, and so on, until all are assigned. He places four numbers (representing four competitors) in each ruled division — target and time — until all entries are provided for. The following shows a reduced form of the Ex- ecutive Officer's assignment for the first day all made up. The competitors' numbers may be placed, as before explained, at the discretion of the Executive Officer j but on the following form they are placed in rotation, commencing at the top. 110 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 1 » H 1 1 1 i ^ « Sg^^ iSSSS Sgf^^ ?2^g2 1^^^^^^^^^^ ^§I5§ S?S1SS SS§3 « (MC^C5^ |(?1C^CQ(?5 ^8c5g?|?§^^^ ^^^^ 2 1 «^^;^^ ?2;^;3S ^SS§ 1 >* CO •XX tUBaj, •gX rauaj. ■ H i •9 uiBax "X uiuai, •8 lueaj, •6 rauaj. •ox uiBaj, W I •X UI\?9J, •S luuyj, •g rauaj, •t- muaj, •Q TOBaj, i i •IX ini?^X •gX uiBax W •9 uitjaj. •X lUBaj, •8 uiTJai, •6 XUBSX •OX uit'aj, 00 ^S;^S MTtlJO^O l-H i-H tH rH 1'' i 1 r-KMCO-* OOt-QO ^S;:^^^ s H ^ CTsa a: a ^D -h: V CO THE STATISTICAL DEPARTMENT. \\\ Thus, we have assigned all original entries in one day, and provide for a maximum of entries eqnal to 320 individual competitors. The match (No. 5) of the second day can be made out in the same manner on another ruled sheet; but as the number of entries will probably be much less than on the first day, and as all day may be devoted to this one match, it is unnecessary to recapitulate all the details. A cannon, loud bell, or gong should be fired, sounded, or struck e^ery half -hour throughout the day, from 9 A.M. to 5.30 P.M., thus announcing to all upon the ground the commencement and expiration of the half -hours. THE STATISTICAL DEPARTMENT claims our next attention. For this department (and, in fact, for all departments upon the Range) a plentiful supply of pens, ink, paper, hammers, tacks, pins, rubbers, etc., should be provided. Ad- joining this department should be a secluded spot for reporters for newspapers. And here it may be remarked that politeness and civility, combined with a cheerful willingness to oblige and accommo- date members of the press, is sure to be rewarded, these gentlemen being always quick to appreciate attention or resent discourtesy. Every reasonable 112 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. facility (by means to be devised by the officer in charge) should be given them to obtain and copy any scores, names, or other information desired. Upon the Statistical Officer rests the responsi- bility of correctly computing the scores made, and of deciding upon and announcing the winners, etc. His announcement being of course official, great care should be taken, and every precaution used, to guard against mistakes. During the progress of the meeting, an author- ized assistant gathers from the scorers the score tickets as fast as they are filled up, and hands them to the Statistical Officer, who, after having received all (which can be determined by examining the record of entries), makes up the list of Prize Win- ners, and bulletins it. In case of an exact tie, re- quiring to be shot oif, he communicates with the Executive Officer, who names the target and hour for its settlement, and the Statistical Officer there- upon bulletins the fact with all particulars. THE FINANCIAL DEPARTMENT, superintended by the Financial Officer, has charge of all finances during the meeting. The gate- keepers are under his direction, and pool tickets are sold, and bull's-eyes afterwards redeemed, at his headquarters. THE FINANCIAL DEPARTMENT. \\^ The form, manner of recording, selling, and re- deeming Pool and BitlVs-eye Tickets have many varie- ties ; and, instead of detailing any particular sys- tem, the following objective rules are given, and may be elaborated as seems best : A pool ticket is sold for ten cents, good for one shot at any pool target^ at any distance, during the meeting. Mr. A (who uses a military rifle) buys one, and goes to Target 6 at 200 yards ; and upon presenting his ticket to the scorer (who marks " Military " on it), is allowed to slioot. He makes a bull's-eye, and receives a bull's-eye ticket from the scorer, marked " Bull's-eye, 200 yards. Mili- tary Kifle." In the evening he presents the same, and receives its pro-rata equivalent in money. Mr. B (who shoots an " any rifle," so called from being "anything but military") does the same as Mr. A (the scorer marking on the pool ticket he presents " Any "), and receives his bull's-eye ticket, denoting a bull's-eye made at so many yards with an " any " rifle, etc. The scorers at pool targets are required to keep a memorandum of how many " any " and how many " military " bull's-eye tickets he gives out. This is easily recorded by giving him at the opening a certain number of each, that number, 8 114 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE, with balance returned deducted from it, gives the number issued; and the pool tickets collected by the scorers at the firing-point, and afterwards hand- ed to the Financial Ofiicer, show of course the num- ber of each class (" any " or " military ") from which the fifty-per-cent. division of bull's-eyes is to be made. EANGE OFFICERS. About one Eange Officer to every fi\Q or six targets should be present at the firing-points dur- ing shooting, and should be thoroughly familiar with the shooting regulations, so as to be able promptly to decide or settle any dispute or ob- jection. An appeal from his decision may be taken to the Executive Officer. In case of a disputed shot, the Range Officer should first examine tlie target through a telescope, and endeavor to decide in that manner the just- ness of the claim. COMMITTEES. A quorum of the Board of Directors or Exec- utive Committee should be on the Eange during the meeting — if not all the time, at least at a cer- tain hour each day, in order to act promptly in case of protests, should any occur. COMMITTEES. 115 Should a protest be made, and an appeal taken from the decision of the Executive Officer (which is necessary to bring it before the higher author- ity), it is well to ascertain the hour at which such meeting will be held, and promptly notify all par- ties concerned to be present thereat. The Prize Committee should endeavor (if prac- ticable and safe) to have the prizes on exhibition on the Range during the meeting. They may be presented to the winners the same day, if thouglit advisable ; or, if they are plentiful enough and will make a good show, they may be held over, and formally presented, with appropriate addresses, music, etc., after the meeting. A proper receipt should be taken for every prize. The Range Committee should see before the meeting that targets and appurtenances are in per- fect condition, and (as they are supposed to be well qualified) should individually act as Range Offi- cers during the meeting, supervising everything, seeing that all works harmoniously and well, and using their best endeavors to secure such a result. A source of revenue can probably be obtained by leasing the privilege of selling refreshments upon the Range, either during a meeting or for the entire season, and should be in the hands of this committee. 116 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. Other sources of income are practicable in build- ing lockers upon the Range, and renting them to riHemen at a stated sum per year ; in hiring out rifles at so much per day or hour ; and in the sale of ammunition. CONDUCT OF SIMPLE MATCHES. Having now taken the reader through all the intricate details of a meeting (which details are applicable to any increased numbers of matches, competitors, and targets), we will next see how to conduct, by a single - entry process, as it were, a simple match with about fifty competitors. One officer can easily manage the whole business, take entries, make assignments, and run the match in manner as follows : A record of the names of competitors entering must be kept in ink or pencil on a sheet of paper, piece of card-board, or convenient book, a column on the left having bepn previously numbered from 1 up to, say, 50. As an entry is made, the name and rifle of the competitor should be written on a score ticket numbered to correspond with the number of his entry. All entries having been received (which need not be decided until at the firing-point, and a few minutes before the time set for the match to CONDUCT OF SIMPLE MATCHES. 117 begin), tlie officer in charge sees the total number of his entries to be fifty ; so, having five targets, lie equalizes these fifty into squads of ten at each target, and announces aloud that " holders of tick- ets numbered from 1 to 10 inclusive go on tar- get 1 ; numbers 11 to 20 inclusive, on target 2 ; numbers 21 to 30, on tai-get 3 ; nnmbers 31 to 40, on target 4; and numbers 41 to 50, on target 5;" or he may reverse or change the order if he chooses. It is generally easy to secure the voluntary services of five spectators as scorers; and these having been obtained, and stationed one at each target, everything is in readiness to commence the match. While it is in progress, the Executive Officer should stay at the firing-points, preserve order, prevent competitors and spectators from crowding on the score-keepers, be ready with a copy of the Regulations to settle any dispute, test triggers, see that everything is conducted fairly, and be wherever his presence is required. He should collect the tickets from the score-keepers as fast as they are filled up and signed ; and when all are obtained, should compare the number of tickets with the total number of entries, verify the additions, and announce the winners. These instructions are general, and will apply 118 I'^JE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. to all small or simple matches lacking the dignity or importance of a meeting. Some designs of score tickets suitable for such matches are shown farther on. GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR SCORE-KEEPERS. APPLICABLE TO A " MEETING" CONDUCTED UPON PLAN EXPLAINED. Required at Each Firing-point. — Danger-flag; camp-stool ; 3 and 6 lb. trigger-testers ; pencil, sharpened at both ends ; and a watch, regulated before shooting commences with standard time, and used to show the half-hours, and to enforce the rule of one minute per shot. To Commence Firing. — Lower the danger-flag, and announce " Commence firing." To Cease Firing (which must be enforced simultaneously at all targets at expiration of each half-hour, or for any other cause). — Raise the danger-flag, and order " Cease firing." Score Cards. — Deliver these only to tne person authorized to collect them. Scoring. — 1. Verify the color of score ticket with distance. Ver- ify the target, hour, match, and rifle. (If latter is not down, as- certain what weapon is used, and write it yourself.) 2. Test trigger of weapon of each competitor at least once dur- ing the match. Military rifles, 6 lbs. ; any rifle, 3 lbs. 3. Tiie comi)etitor must finish his score within the thirty minutes succeeding the time designated on his score card, unless otherwise stated. 4. As each shot is signalled, call in a loud voice the name of competitor and value of the shot ; and upon completion add up and verify total score, detach and hand competitor the coupon, and announce, in like manner, his name and the total points made. INSTRUCTIONS FOR SCORE-KEEPERS. HQ 5. The marking as signalled cannot he questioned or debated. All objections from competitors must be at once referred to a Range Officer. 6. Hold no conversation with cotnpetitors. Attend solely to yom* own business. If anything is wrong, call a Range Officer, and let him do the talking. 7. When a danger-signal is shown at your target (unless as a cautionary signal before marking a shot), raise your own danger- flag, order "Cease firing," and keep your flag up until target is clear. A competitor, ready to shoot at such a moment should be required to unload his rijie, or (if a muzzle-loading weapon) re- move the cnp, 8. Caution each competitor about to shoot " Target " (stat- ing its number or designation). 9. If he shoots on the wrong target, cease firing, and report it to a Range Officer. 10. Permit no firing except as a score in a match. 11. If two shots are marked consccutivelij at your target when one shot only has been fired, give the comi)etitor the one of high- est value. 12. When a competitor retires, write the word "retired" after his unfinished score, and do not add up. 13. Offer no suggestions to competitors. Do no " coaching," but simply keep the score. GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR MARKERS. These consist principally in keeping a sharp lookout all the time, seeing that an ample supply of all things necessary is at hand, and being promj)t but sure, rather than too quick and care- less, in marking. In case of a shot (not the outside " splash" of the bullet on an iron target) touching the edge of the bull's-eye, or centre or inner 120 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. lines, give the shot the benefit of the touch by signalling its high- est value. Avoid conversation, and pay strict attention to business. Should two shots be made simultaneously, or nearly so, on the one target, raise the danger-signal, and mark both shots. Note. — At Creedraoor, when a competitor fires on the wrong target (which will always explain the " two shots " spoken of above), the marker is instructed to raise his danger-signal, and keep the target idle for fifteen minutes; but the writer never could un- derstand the object of this, as it inflicts an unjust punishment upon all other competitors at that target. REGULATIONS OF THE NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA. {Adopted 1878.) I.— MANAGEMENT. A. — SPRING AND FALL MKETINGS. 1. Tlie aimunl meetings for competitions will be conducted by an Executive Officer, wearing a tri-colored badge ; aided by a Sta- tistical Officer, wearing a blue badge ; a Financial Officer, wearing a white badge ; and assistants, wearing red badges. 2. Tlie Executive Officer shall have control of the Range for the conduct of matches. 3. The Statistical Officer shall have charge of all statistics. 4. The Financial Officer shall have charge of all finances con- nected with these meetings. B. — OTHER COMPETITIONS. 1. All Other association competitions will be conducted by an REGULATIONS OF THE N. R. A. OF AMERICA. 121 Officer or Director of the Association, or other competent person, designated by the Senior Officer or Director present on the Range at the hour of shooting, unless previously designated. In the ab- sence of Officers and Directors, the Assistant Secretary or Super- intendent of Range shall act as, or designate an, Executive Officer. II.— GENERAL REGULAllONS. 1. During the progress of a match, no one, except the officers and employes of the Association, the competitors and the score- keepers, will be permitted within the ropes without special permis- sion of the Executive Officer. 2. The squads of competitors will be stationed not less than four yards in rear of the firing-points, where each competitor must re- main until called by the score-keeper to take his position at the firing-point, and until he has completed his score. The score- keepers will be seated close to, and in rear of, the firing-point stakes. 3. Score-keepers shall, as each shot is signalled, call in a loud voice the name of the competitor and the value of the shot, and at the conclusion of the score of each competitor, announce in like manner his name and total score. Competitors must pay attention to the scores as announced and recorded, so that any error may be promptly investigated. 4. All competitors will be allowed to examine the records of the score-keeper during the progress of any match. 5. All protests and objections must be made to the Executive Officer in charge of the match ; or, in his absence, to one of his as- sistants. In case a competitor is dissatisfied with the decision of the latter, he may ai)peal to the Executive Officer. 6. Any competitor feeling himself aggrieved by the ruling of an Executive Officer may make to the Secretary a statement of his grievance in writing, giving the names of two or more witnesses in the case, which shall be handed to the Executive Corpinittee at fts 122 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. first meeting thereafter for its consideration. The decision of the Executive Committee shall be final, subject, however, to the discre- tion of said Committee, or any two members of it, to refer the mat- ter to the Board of Directors for its decision. 7. These regulations, and such directions as the Executive Oflfi- cer may give, must be rigidly complied with by competitors and all other persons upon the Kange grounds. III.-RIFLES. The rifles allowed to be used in the competitions are — 1st. Mil- itary rifles ; 2d. Any rifle ; aiid must comply with the following conditions, viz, : 1 . Military Rifles, weight (without bayonet) not to exceed 9 lbs. 4 oz. Stock, sufficiently strong for military purposes, and such as to admit the use of a sling; minimum pull of trigger, six pounds. Sights to be of bona-Jide military pattern, to be attached to the barrel, and to be without any movable adjustment other than a hinged flap and sliding-bar, to be moved by hand only. In mil- itary team matches (unless otherwise specified), competitors must use tlie rifle with whicli the oi'ganization to which they belong is armed, at public expense. Filing or altering the sights of such rifles, or of the rifles used by the National Guard, or Regular forces (except as authorized by tlie military authorities thereof), or using them in any other way than as originally intended, is prohibited, except that the sliding-bar of the rear sight may be inverted, and lines drawn to mark the centre. Sights may be blackened, but not whitened or colored. Any pad or shoe for the heel of the butt is disallowed. 2d. Any Rifle, maximum weight 10 lbs., minimum pull of trigger 3 lbs., sights of any description, except telescope, mag- nifying, and such front aperture sights as solid disks or bushes pierced in the centre, which cover the target so as to conceal the danger-signal when displayed. No stirrup constructed of metal or other substance, connected to the rifle by straps of any kind, for REGULATIONS OF THE N. R. A. OF AMERICA. 123 the purpose of taking up or lessening its recoil, will be allowed in any of the matches of this Association. 3. Competitors shall submit their rifles and ammunition for in- spection whenever required. 4. No hair or set triggers will be allowed. 5. No fixed or artificial rests will be allowed. 6. In all competitions confined to the use of breech-loaders, the gun shall be loaded at the breech with fixed ammunition. IV.— AMMUNITION. 1. In all competitions, unless otherwise specified, any ammuni- tion may be used, and must be provided by the competitors. V._TARGETS. The targets are divided into three classes, and shall be of the following sizes : 1. TIdrd Class, to be used at all distances up to, and including, 300 yards— Target, 4x6 feet. Bull's-eye, circular, 8 inches in diameter. Centre, " 26 " " Inner, " 46 " " Outer, remainder of target. 2. Second Class, to be used at all distances over 300, to, and in- cluding, 600 yards— Target, 6x6 feet. Bull's-eye, circular, 22 inches in diameter. Centre, " 88 " Inner, <' 54 " " Outer, remainder of target. 3. First Class, to be used at all distances over 600 yards — Tar- get, 6 X 12 feet. Bidl's-eye, circular, 36 inches in diameter. Centre, " 54 " " Inner, square, 6 feet X 6 feet. Outer, remainder of target. 124 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. VI.— MAKKING, SCORING, AND SIGNALLING. 1. Bull's-eye, counts 5 ; signal, white circular disk. Centre, "4; " red " Inner, "3; " white and black " Outer,. " 2; " black Ricocliet, scored R; " red flag waved twice, right and left, in front of the target. Ricochet hits will be marked out after the flag-signal. 2. When a shot strikes the angle iron upon which the target stands, the marker will open the trap and raise and lower his flag three times in front of the target. 3. Any objection to the scoring of a shot as signalled, or to one not signalled, must be made before another shot is fired. 4. Any alteraticm of a scoring-ticket must be witnessed by an oflBcer in charge of the firing-point, and endorsed with his initials. VII.— RUNNING DEER. 1. Will be run only by signal from the firing-point. Any rifle may be used, provided the sights are over the centre of the barrel. Position, standing ; distance, 1 00 yards, unless otherwise prescribed. A fine of ten cents will be imposed for firing when out of bounds, not firing, or for hitting the haunch. SCORING AND SIGNALLING. Bull's-eye, white disk, counts 4. Centre, red " " 3. • Outer, blatk " " 2. Haunch, white disk, with black cross, scoring H. VIIL— MATCHES. 1. The commencement of matches at the Spring and Fall meet- ings will be signalled by the firing of two guns, la minutes apart. REGULATIONS OF THE N. R. A. OF AMERICA. 125 The first will be the signal for competitors and score-keepers to as- semble at the firing-points, and the second to commence firing. 2. The matches \\\\\ take place, if possible, in the order named in the programmes. Any deviation from the programmes will be posted upon the Bulletin Board at Headquarters as long before- hand as practicable. The posting upon such bulletin will be con- sidered sufficient notice to all competitors of everything so posted. 3. Temporary discontinuance of matches on account of bad weather (which will be in the discretion of the Executive Officer, and applicable on all occasions), and discontinuance for noonday intermission, will be signalled by the firing of a gun. In each case tlie competitions will be resumed upon the firing of two guns. 4. No practice will be allowed upon the Range on any of the days of the annual meetings for competitions, unless specially authorized by the Executive Officer. This does not apply to days upon which si)ecial matches of the Association, or of affiliating associations or clubs, take place. IX.— ENTRIES. A. — ANNUAL MEETINGS. 1. For the State prize, and all other competitions open to mili- tary organizations, the teams shall (unless otherwise specified) con- sist of twelve from each regiment, battalion, company, or troop. 2. All regimental officers shall be eligible as members of such teams. 3. In all cases competitors for prizes offered to military organ- izations must be regularly enlisted members, in good standing, of the regiment, battalion, company, or troop which they represent, and shall have been such for at least three months prior to the match for which they are entered. All entries must be made fin- full teams. 4. Entries must be made at the office of the Association, in New York City, at least one week preceding the commencement of the 126 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. meetings. A charge of 50 per cent, additional will be imposed for all entries made after that time. 5. Competitors who are prevented from being present at any meeting shall have the entrance-fees they have paid returned after the meeting, provided that they send their tickets and give written notice to the Secretary before the day on which the prize for which they have entered has been announced for competition. 6. Competitors prevented from competing by illness will receive back their entrance-fees in full, on production of a medical certifi- cate and their entry tickets. 7. Post entries are those made after the entry books are closed at the office of the Association. 8. The holders of the post-entry tickets may be ordered to fire whenever target accommodation can be provided ; but should they be precluded from competing by deficiency of target accommoda- tion, their entrance-fees will be returned to them, the Executive Officer not being able to guarantee accommodation for all such entries. B. — GENERAL REGULATIONS. 1. A member of the Association entering for, or shooting in, a match on the Range must exhibit his badge. 2. A register ticket may be transferred at any time before the firing for the match has commenced by exchanging it at the office of the Statistical Officer for one having the name of the new hold- er. Any erasure, or the substitution of one name for another, will render the ticket invalid. 3. No post entries shall be made for any competition after the firing in such competition has commenced, unless otherwise speci- fied. X.-SIIOOTING. A. — ANNUAL MEETINGS. 1. Two sighting shots shall be allowed to every competitor at REGULATIONS OF THE N. R. A. OF AMERICA. 127 each distance, on payment of ten cents a shot, unless otherwise specified. 2. Tickets for sighting shots will be sold upon the ground, and will be good for any match during the meeting. Competitors must decide, before firing, upon the number of sighting shots they will take, and hand the tickets for the same to the scorer. Sighting shots cannot be counted upon a score in any competition. 3. Competitors who, at the close of the firing on any day, have not completed the number of rounds prescribed by the conditions of a competition, shall be allowed one sighting shot when such com- petition is resumed, without charge. 4. In all competitions confined to military organizations, com- petitors shall shoot in the authorized uniform of their corps, includ- ing waist-belts. 5. In all military matches each team will be limited to an aver- age of one minute per shot for each squad, to complete its score. B. — GENKRAL REGULATIONS. 1. In all competitions restricted to military rifles, the competi- tors shall place themselves at the firing-point by twos, who shall fire alternately until they have fired all their shots. 2. In other competitions, the competitors shall fire their shots alternately throughout the squad. 3. Competitors may Avipe or clean out their rifles during any competition, except those restricted to the use of military rifles. In competitions of more than one distance restricted to military rifles, cleaning-out will be permitted between distances. 4. Whenever the danger-flag is displayed, competitors about to fire will be required to open the breech-block of their rifles (if breech-loaders). If they leave the firing-point, they must draw the cartridge. 5. No two competitors shall be allowed to shoot with the same rifle in the same match. 128 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 6. Any competitor dehiying his squad will be passed by. In no case will the firing be delayed to enable a competitor to procure a rifle. 7. Any competitor engaged in an uncompleted match at the time fixed for the commencement of another, for which he is en- tered, on reporting the fact to the Executive Ofiicer, will, if it be practicable, -be assigned a target to enable him to shoot in such match upon the completion of that in which he is shooting. XL— POSITION. 1. In all matches (except those for cavalry carbines) the position, up to and including 300 yards, shall be standing. The left elbow may be rested against the body, provided the little finger of the left hand is in front of the trigger-guard. 2. In all military infantry matches at 400 yards, the position shall be kneeling ; at distances above 400 yards any position may be taken in which the head is towards the target. 3. In cavalry-carbine matches, the position at 200 yards shall be standing ; at 300 yards, kneeling ; over that distance, in any position (as prescribed for infantry). 4. In all other matches at distances above 300 yards, any posi- tion may be taken without artificial rests to the rifle or body. 5. One-armed competitors shall be allowed to use false arms, without extra support, in the standing and kneeling positions, and to assume any position in the use of military rifles at distances above 400 yards, the same as is allowed for any rifles. 6. Sighting shots may be fired in any position, without artificial rests. 7. In all cases the gun shall be held clear of the ground. Xn.— TIES. I. — Ties shall be decided as follows: A. — IN INDIVIDUAL SHOOTING. 1. When the firing takes place at more than one distance, by the REGULATIONS OF THE N. R. A. OF AMERICA. 129 score made at the longest distance ; and if still a tie, and there be three distances in the competition, by the score at the second dis- tance.* 2. By the fewest misses. 3. By the fewest outers. 4. By the fewest inners. 5. If still a tie, by inverse order of shots, counting singly from the last to the first. 6. By firing single shots at the longest range. B. — IN TEAM SHOOTING. 1. By the aggregate scores made at the longest distance. 2. By the fewest misses. 3. By the fewest outers. 4. By the fewest inners. 5. By the competitor on each side who has made the highest score, firing five rounds at the longest distance. II. — The names of competitors who have to shoot off ties will be posted on the Bulletin Board as soon after each match as prac- ticable. III. — When the ties are shot off, one sigliting shot shall be al- lowed without charge, IV. — Competitors not present at the firing-points at the hour named for shooting off ties lose their right to shoot. v.— If, having forfeited their right to compete, they shall still be within the number of prize-winners, they shall take any prize that may be allotted to them by the Executive Committee. XIII.— PRIZES. 1. Prize-winners will, upon application to the Statistical Officer * Interpreted by the Board of Directors, N. R. A., to mean: Paragtaph 1, by the total number of points made at tl)e longest distance. Paragraphs 2, 3, and 4, by adding "in the entire score." 9 130 TBE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. on the Range, receive certificates, which must be given up on re- ceiving the prizes. 2. Prizes will be delivered on the Range at the close of the meet- ing, under the direction of the Executive Officer, unless otherwise specified. 3. The principal prizes at the annual Fall meeting will be for- mally presented to the winners at the State Arsenal, Seventh Ave- nue, corner Thirty-fifth Street, New York, on the Saturday follow- ing the last day of such meeting, at 8 P.M., unless otherwise an- nounced. Winners who Avill be unable to attend are requested to give notice at the Headquarters Oflfice upon the Range. 4. All prizes not claimed within one month after the match at which they have been won shall be forfeited to the Association. XIV.— PENALTIES. Competitors must make themselves acquainted with the Regula- tions, as the plea of ignorance of them will not be entertained. DISQUALIFICATION. Any competitor — (a) — Who shall fire in a name other than his own, or who shall fire twice for the same prize, unless permitted by the conditions of the competition to do so ; or, {b) — Who shall be guilty of any conduct considered by the Board of Directors or the Executive Committee as discreditable ; or, (c) — Who shall, in National-Guard matches, use any other am- munition than that issued to him on the ground, or in any way tamper with that so issued ; or, (c?)^Who shall be guilty of falsifying his score, or being acces- sory thereto ; or, (e) — Who shall offer a bribe of any kind to an employe — Shall, upon the occurrence being proved to the satisfaction of the Board of Directors or the lilxecutive Committee, forfeit all his entrance-fees, be forever disqualified from competing at any time REGULATIONS OF THE N. R. A. OF AMERICA. 131 upon the Range of the Association, and shall not be entitled to have any prize won by him at the time or meeting awarded to him. EXCLUSION FROM FURTHER COMPETITION. 1. Any competitor who shall be detected in an evasion of the conditions prescribed for the conduct of any match shall be ruled out of such competition. 2. Any member of a squad or firing-party who shall fire a shot from any other firing-point after the hour prescribed for his squad to fire, and before he has completed his score (except in pursuance of orders), shall be disqualified in that competition. 3. Any competitor, in any meeting or match, refusing to obey any instructions of the Executive Ofiicer or his assistants, or violat- ing any of these regulations, or being guilty of unruly or disorderly conduct, or being intoxicated, will be immediately ruled out of all further competition during such meeting or match, and forfeit his entrance-fees ; and may also be reported to the Board of Directors or the Executive Committee, and be by them disqualified from use of the Eange. 4. Any competitor firing when the danger-flag or trap-disk is shown at the target or firing-point, or knowingly discharging his rifle except at a target to which he has been assigned, or into the blowing-ofF pits, or as may be directed by an officer, shall be de- barred from all further competitions during the meeting, and shall forfeit his en<^^rance-fees. This shall not apply to a competitor ac- cidentally firing at tlie wrong target when no danger-disk is up. 5. Any person discharging a rifle or snapping a cap within the enclosure, except in accordance with the regulations for shooting, may, at the discretion of the Executive Officer, be required to leave the ground. 6. Any competitor or other person found with a loaded rifle, ex- cept at the firing-points and when about to shoot, shall be debarred from further competition during that meeting or competition. 132 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. 7. Any person, whether a competitor or not, interfering with any of the firing-squads, or annoying them in any way, will be at once expelled from the ground. 8. Any competitor discharging his rifle accidentally, either by his own want of care or by reason of any defect in the rifle, shall be disqualified from further competition in the match. 9. Should a competitor lose his register-ticket, omit to take it to the firing-point, fail to attend at the prescribed hour, or give a wrong ticket, and so by his own neglect miss the opportunity given to him of competing for the prize for which his ticket was issued, his claim in regard to such competition shall be cancelled. 10. Any person firing at a wrong target will be fined $1, or be debarred from further competition ; or both, in the discretion of the Executive Ofiicer. 11. Any competitor, being a member, who shall neglect to wear conspicuously his badge of membership in any competition shall have his score disallowed. 12. Any person ruled out of any meeting or competition shall forfeit all entrance-fees. XVI. 1. All regulations heretofore adopted, and inconsistent herewith, are hereby repealed. 2. These regulations shall take effect immediately. MoTK BY Author. — The above Regulations govern all competi- tions at Creedmoor, as well as nearly all Ranges conforming to the N. R. A. targets, and will cover all points necessary. One sug- gestion, however, is made which will be found to materially aid quick progress of matches — viz., to establish a rule that any " com- petitor disputing a shot, or the marker's signal, be required to pay $1 if his claim is proved groundless." The benefit of such a rule will be demonstrated by experience. EXTRACT FROM N. R. A: 8 BY-LA WS. I33 The following, taken from the By-laws of the National Rifle Association of America, has been inserted here as being of interest to all domestic Eifle Associations or Clubs already formed, or in process of formation. The advantages of having scores made bj the various Rifle Organizations throughout the coun- try printed in the one book (the National Rifle Association Report), where comparisons can be readily made, are so apparent to the writer, and, he believes, cannot fail to be appreciated by those interested, that any fnrther recommendation is considered unnecessary. EXTRACT FROM THE BY-LAWS OF THE NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION. AFFILIATED ASSOCIATIONS AND CLUBS. 1. Any Rifle Association or Club practising in accordance with the rules of this Association may become affiliated with it upon payment of twenty-five dollars a year. 2. The members of all afiiliating associations or clubs shall be entitled to all the privileges of annual members of this Association at its Spring and Fall Meetings, and to the use of the Range for one week previously. Members of affiliating associations or clubs which are organized and have their headquarters more than one hundred miles from Creedmoor, and who reside where their organ- izations are located, shall be entitled to the use of the Range at all times during the year for which such organization has affili- ated. 3. Affiliating associations or clubs shall also be entitled : 134 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. First. — To have the names and addresses of their oflScers for that year, and the scores made during the year at its two principal matches, to be certified as correct by its Secretary, pnbhshed in each annual report of this Association. Second.. — To receive the bronze medal of this Association for com- petition among its members in such manner as it shall pre- scribe. Third. — To receive twenty-five copies of its Annual Report, and copies of all regulations, programmes, circulars, or other pub- lications issued by this Association during the year, without charge. Fourth. — To refer to the Board of Directors of this Association any question in relation to Rifle Practice for their decision. 4. Applications for affiliation must be accompanied with a check for the annual dues, a copy of the Constitution and By-laws of flie affiliating society, and a roll of its officers and number of mem- bers. SCORE TICKET. 135 Q <0 Is © MATCH 1. 200 Yards. yn || II ^ M ©1 o -^ o 1 CO KiFLE Association, 200 Yards. ^ ^ • 1— 1 fcrj •« ^ ^ M Meeting, MATO (M 5 rt 1 136 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. P.* fn i H S 9 ^■^ i:« 03 ^ ^ EH ■^ r^ © ■ H ^ O O < - o oq 1 t ^ 1 -^ Pn • ^2; . e. f 1 Ph fH 1 J 138 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. o o o bfl c • 03 rS p^ o u o c o o 2 >» •^ s s= S. OS -^ §1 ;- **- i- -u « G,-^ CJ '.S g s ^ s~ O) O «5i ^ ^ ^ H OS n3 J4 CO '^ 0^ ^ o bCci »c be . c C cs i^-S W oT ^ c g .. Ph ;o \fi 5^ ^ M (N fH cq J SCORE TICKET. 139 03 "S f. io ;_ ■^ lS ^ ^ ^ o P« o 2 ^ o C3 o ^ o f^ CI o a> bJO hr rr'p 03 8i "S CO o J= ^ » o H -^ S) -^r^ t 6C rcJ 03 i 1 1^ ^ 1 Pm <2 1— i PC iH _ ^ i CO 1 i 5s ; w •S ^ !5 i . o so §^ i e e-i f=^ oc 1 ^1 ?3 i <13 J^ J ?3 ' 1 C3 » ts 00 r i-H 1 1 |o| 1^1 qT Nl ^ |«| c e^ Sz; 1H 1 a 1 Q. i 1 If 1 00 • 1 1© o OD t» petition at O ^ kffl -* » ^ .1 « ^ ^ ^ i-^ K 1 142 THE PdFLE CLUB AND RANGE. s- OS fH n H w 03 u 14-c r.j W a? a n W c c^ >-, O s % ^ (11 &. tn h U oi 'O &0 c i£ o d « -e SS "■+3 &£ •^ s^ J=l^ ■^ Ie B 52 ^ ^ eS • 1:8 4^ H W5 iH •* 00 1H i ^ 1 M pH . ^ a 1 fS -i ^ •1^ o \ H CO O I— 1 f-i a QO *:• O 53 kO (li « "^ 1 1 ^ IH 1 1 "^i ?~ S •fo 5S !S fej 'i i ^ ^ -♦S ^ ss c« ?* 2: ^ |s .5^ r^ s 4 ^ •s s ^ © S 1 f^ ® . H o fH ©1 50 "* »o O i>- 144 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. a ?^ r^ Q o s O '^ ^^ ^ ^" ^" 1 ■" 'a o ac H '" Si m of 53 -g ^ M !> , i *i be o be CCt .... -^ o i 1 -4^ Q. c: S5 s -KO S> o -^ eS .,• ■« ! "t^ i ^ ^ 1 3 ^ 1 -a i rCi: ? - GO Oi ^ >H — rH RTFLE CLUBS IN THE UNITED STATES. I45 RIFLE CLUBS AND ASSOCIATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES. The following list has been carefully compiled in alphabetical order, and, though some omissions have unavoidably been made, owing to lack of information, it is believed to be as complete, up to time of publication (1879), as possible. Akron Rifle Association, Akron, Ohio. Albion Rifle Club, Albion, N. Y. Amateur Long-Range Rifle Club, San Francisco, Cal. Amateur Rifle Club, Atlanta, Idaho Ter. Amateur Rifle Club, Attleboro', Mass. Amateur Rifle Club, Augusta, Ga. Amateur Rifle Club, East Saginaw, Mich. Amateur Rifle Club, New Britain, Conn. Amateur Rifle Club, New York City, N. Y. Amateur Rifle Club, Salt Lake City, Utah. Amateur Rifle Club, Stamford, Conn. Amateur Rifle Club, Syracuse, N. Y. American Oft-hand Rifle Association, New York City, N. Y. American Off"-hand Rifle Club, Union Hill, N.J. American Rifle Association, Mount Vernon, N. Y. American-Union Rifle Association, Meriden, Conn. Androscoggin Rifle Club, Lewiston, Me. Atlantic Rifle Club, Milwaukee, Wis. Augusta Rifle Association, Augusta, Ga. Ausable Valley Rifle Club, Keeseville, N. Y. Ballard Rifle Club, New York City, N. Y. Bath Rifle Club, Bath, N. Y. Bay View Rifle Association, Buffklo, N. Y. Bergen Point Rifle Club, Bergen Point, N. J. Berkshire Sportman's Club, Pittsfield, Mass. Berlin Rifle Club, Berlin, Conn. 10 146 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE, Bloomington Rifle Association, Bloomington, 111. Blydenburgh Rifle Club, Syracuse, N. Y. Boone Rifle Club, Boone, Iowa. Bridgeport Rifle Association, Bridgeport, Conn. Brocton Rifle Club, Gardner, Mass. Boston tlighlands Rifle Club, Boston, Mass. Boston Rifle Club, Boston, Mass, Brooklyn Rifle Club, Brooklyn, N. Y. Brooklyn Schiitzencoi'ps, Brooklyn, N.Y. Burlington Rifle Club, Burlington, Vt. California Rifle Association, San Erancisco, Cal. California Schiitzencorps, San Francisco, Cal. Capital City Rifle Association, Des Moines, Iowa. Carlisle Rifle Association, Carlisle, Pa. Centennial Rifle Club, Jersey City Heights, N.J. Central Railroad Rifle Club, Jersey City, N. J. Chicago Rifle Club, Chicago, 111. Cincinnati Amateur Rifle Club, Cincinnati, Ohio. Cincinnati Sporting Club, Cincinnati, Ohio. Citizen's Rifle Club, Wallingford, Conn. Columbia Rifle Association of D. C, Washington, D. C. Columbia Rifle Association, Guttenburgh, N. J. Columbia Rifle Association, West End, N.J. Columbus Rifle Club, Columbus, Ohio. Connecticut Rifle Association, Hartford, Conn. Connecticut Rifle Association, Stamford, Conn. Continental Rifle Club, New Orleans, La. Creedmoor Rifle Club, Creedmoor, L. I. Crescent City Rifle Club, New Orleans, La. Dayton Schiitzenverein, Dayton, Ohio. Dearborn Rifle Club, Chicago, 111. Deseret Rifle Club, Salt Lake City, Utah. Detroit Schiitzenverein, Detroit, Mich. RIFLE CLUBS IN THE UNITED STATES, I4.7 East Coventry Rifle Club, East Coventry, Pa. Eastern Shaipshooters' Association, Baltimore, Md. Easton Rifle Association, Easton, Pa. East Saginaw Amateur Rifle Club, East Saginaw, Mich. Elgin Amateur Rifle Club, Elgin, 111. Elizabeth Rifle Club, Elizabeth, N. J. Emmet Guard Rifle Club, Virginia City, Nev. Empire Rifle Club, New York City, N. Y. Empire State Rifle Association, Syracuse, N. Y. Empire State Rifle Club, Watertown, N. Y. Ethan Allen Rifle Association, Vergennes, Vt. Flushing Rifle Association, Flushing, L, I., N. Y. Forest and Stream Rifle Club, Boston, Mass, Forest City Rifle Association, Euclid, Ohio. Fort Wayne Rifle Association, Fort Wayne, Ind. Franklin Rifle Club, Hartford, Conn. Fulton Rifle Association, Stockton, Pa. Galveston Rifle Club, Galveston, Texas. Gardner Rifle Club, Gardner, Mass. Garnerville Rifle Club, Garnerville, N. Y. G. A. Thomas Post (G. A. R.) Rifle Club, Chicago, lU. Geneva Rifle Club, Geneva, N. Y. German Fusiieer Rifle Club, Charleston, S. C. German Hussars' Rifle Club, Charleston, S. C. German Rifle Club, New York City, N. Y. German Shooting Club, Savannah, Ga. German Union Rifle Club, Meriden, Conn. Girard Rifle Club, Philadelphia, Pa. Glen Alger Rifle Association, Harrisville, Mich. Golden Colorado Rifle Club, Beaver Brook, Col. Green Bay and Fort Howard Sharpshooters' Union, Green Bay, Wis. Greenville Rifle Association, Greenville, Mich. 148 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. Hackensack Rifle Association, Hackensack, N. J. Hairisville Rifle Association, Harrisville, Mich. Hartford Rifle Club, Hartford, Conn. Harvard College Rifle Club, Cambridge, Mass. Havre de Grace Rifle Association, Havre de Grace, Md. Helena Rifle Club, Helena, Ark. Helena Rifle Club, Helena, Montana Ter. Hellwig Rifle Club, New York City, N. Y. Helvetia Rifle Club, New York City, N. Y. Holyoke Rifle Club, Holyoke, Mass. Houston Rifle Club, Houston, Texas. Hudson River Rifle Association, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Huntsville Rifle Club, Huntsville, Ala. Independent Rifle Club, New Haven, Conn. Industrial Rifle Club, Jersey City, N. J. Institute of Technology Rifle Club, Boston, Mass. Irish- American Rifle Club, Boston, Mass. Irish-American Rifle Club, New York City, N. Y. Irish-American Rifle Club, Greenwich, Conn. Irish Rifle Club, Cincinnati, Ohio. Ithaca Rifle Club, Ithaca, N. Y. Jackson Rifle Club, Jackson, Mich. Jamaica Rod and Rifle Association, Jamaica, L. I., N. Y. Jersey Schiitzencorps, Jersey City, N. J. Keystone Rifle Club, Philadelphia, Pa. Lake View Rifle Club, Chicago, 111. Lawrence Rifle Club, Lawrence, Mass. Leather-Stocking Rifle Club, Goshen, N. Y. Leicester Rifle Club, Leicester, Mass. Long-Range Rifle Club, Louisville, Ky. Louisiana Field and Artillery Rifle Club, New Orleans, La. Macon Rifle Association, Macon, Ga. Maine Rifle Club, Portland, Me. RIFLE CLUBS IN THE UNITED STATES. 149 Malone Kifle Club, Malone, N. Y. Man Island Rifle Club, Man Island, Cal. Marinette Rifle Club, Marinette, Wis. Marion Rifle Club, Jersey City, N. J. Maryland Rifle Club, Baltimore, Md. Massachusetts Rifle Association, Boston, Mass. Maynard Rifle Club, Wheeling, West Va. McClellan Rifle Chib, Philipsburgh, N. J. Medford Amateur Rifle Association, Medford, Mass. Middlebury Rifle Club, Middlebury, Vt. Middletown Rifle Association, Middletown, Conn. Milwaukee Rifle Club, Milwaukee, Wis, Mohawk Valley Rifle Association, Utica, N. Y. Morrison Rifle Club, Morrison, 111. Mount Mansfield Rifle Club, Stowe,Vt. Mount Washington Rifle Club, Haverhill, Mass. Munroe Rifle Club, Munroe, Mich. National Rifle Association of America. National Rifle Club, South Vernon, Vt. Newark Amateur Rifle Club, Newark, N. J. Newark Rifle Club, Wayne Co., N. Y. Newark Schiitzen Society, Newark, N. J. New Britain Rifle Club, New Britain, Conn. Newburgh Rifle Association, Newburgh, N. Y. New Haven Rifle Association, New Haven, Conn. New Jersey Rifle and Gun Club, Ridgewood, N. J. New Jersey Schiitzencorps, Newark, N. J. New Jersey State Rifle Association, Elizabeth, N. J. New Orleans Rifle Club, New Orleans, La. Newtown Rifle Club, Newtown, L. I., N. Y. New York Rifle Club, New York City, N, Y. New York City Schiitzencorps, New York Cify, N. Y. New York Schiitzencorps, New York City, N. Y. 150 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE, New York Stock Exchange Rifle Club, New York City, N. Y. Norristown Eifle Club, Norristown, Pa. North Vallejo Rifle Club, North Vallejo, Cal. Northwestern Rifle Association, Milwaukee, Wis. Norwich Rifle Club, Norwich, Conn. Oakland Amateur Rifle Club, Oakland, Cal. Ogdensburgh Rifle Club, Ogdensburgh, N. Y. Old Dominion Rifle Association, Richmond, Va. Omaha Rifle Club, Omaha, Neb. Owl's Head Rifle Club, Bay Ridge, L. I.,N.Y. Parthian Rifle Club, Hudson, N. Y. Peck's Rifle Club, Chicago, 111. Pennsylvania Rifle Club, Philadelphia, Pa. Petaluma Rifle Club, Petaluma, Cal. Pioneer Rifle Club, Plainfield, N. J. Pioneer Rifle Club, Salt Lake City, Utah. Plainfield Rifle Association, Plainfield, N. J. Plattsburgh Rifle Association, Plattsburgh, N. Y. Port Henry Rifle Association, Port Henry, N. Y. Post 28 G. A.R. Rifle Club, Chicago, 111. Potsdam Rifle Association, Potsdam, N. Y. Practice Rifle Club, Shakopee, Minn. Prospect Hill Rifle Club, Yorkville, N. Y. Putnam Rifle and Sporting Club, Putnam, Conn. Queens Sportman's Club, Queens, L. I., N. Y. Rahway Rifle Club, Rahway, N. J. Remington Rifle Association, Carlisle, Pa. Remington Rifle Club, Oswego, N. Y. Rhinebeck Rifle Club, Rhinebeck, N. Y. Rhode Island Amateur Rifle Association, Providence, R. I. Rhode Island Amateur Rifle Club, Valley Falls, R. I. Richmond Rifle Club, Augusta, Ga. Ridgewood Sporting Club, Ridgewood, N. J. RIFLE CLUBS IN THE UNITED STATES. 151 Riverside Rifle Club, Pittsfield, Mass. Riverton Rifle Club, Philadelphia, Pa. Rochester Amateur Rifle Club, Rochester, N. Y. Rochester Rifle Club, Rochester, Minn. Rod and Gun Rifle Club, Springfield, Mass. Rosedale Rifle Club, Rosedale, Kan. Rossmore Rifle Club, Staten Island, N. Y. Rutland Rifle Club, Rutland, Vt. Sacramento Rifle Club, Sacramento, Cal. Salem Rifle Association, Peabody, Mass. San Rafael Rifle Club, San Rafael, Cal. Santa Rosa Sportsman's Club, Santa Rosa, Cal. Saratoga Rifle Club, Saratoga Springs, N. Y. Saugatuck Rifle Club, Saugatuck, Conn. Savannah Rifle Association, Savannah, Ga. Savannah Schiitzenfest-Gesellschaft, Savannah, Ga. Schutzenpark Association, Union Hill, N. J. Scottish- American Rifle Club, New York City, N. Y. Selkirk Rifle Club, South Cayuga, N. Y. Seppenfeldt Rifle Club, New York City, N. Y. Sharpshooters' Union of the United States, Philadelphia, Pa. Shrewsbury Rifle Club, Worcester, Mass. Singer Rifle Club, Elizabethport, N. J. Social Gun and Rifle Club, Philadelphia, Pa. Sonoi'a Rifle Club, Sonora, Cal. South Cayuga Rifle Club, South Cayuga, N. Y. South Orange Amateur Rifle Association, South Orange, N. J. South Vallejo Rifle Club, South Vallejo, Cal. Sportsman's Club, Taunton, Mass. Springfield Amateur Rifle Club, Springfield, Mass. St. George and St. Andrew Rifle Club, Wilmington, N. C. State German Rifle Association, New Haven, Conn. Staten Island Schlitzencorps, Staten Island, N. Y. 152 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. Syracuse Amateur Rifle Association, Syracuse, N. Y. Syracuse Rifle Association, Syracuse, N. Y. Tobacco City Rifle Club, Lynchbuigh, Va. Tritoner Rifle Club, New York City, N. Y. Trojan Rifle CUub, Troy, N. Y. Tuckee Rifle Club, Tuckee, Nevada Co., Cal. University of California Rifle Club, Berkeley, Cal. Utah Rifle Association, Salt Lake City, Utah. Utica Citizens' Rifle Club, Utica, N. Y. Vicksburg Rifle Club, Vicksburg, Miss. Vicksburg Schiitzenverein, Vicksburg, Miss. Walpole Rifle Association, Walpole, Mass. Warren Rifle Club, Warren, 111. Waterbury Rifle Club, Waterbury, Conn. Watertown Rifle Club, Watertown, N. Y. Waverly Rifle Association, Waverly, N. Y. Waverly Rifle Club, Sayne, Pa. West Philadelphia Rifle Club, Philadelphia, Pa. Wheeling Rifle Club, Wheeling, West Va. Whitney ville Amateur Rifle Club, New Haven, Conn. Wilmington Rifle Club, Wilmington, N. C. Woodstock Shooting Club, Woodstock, Vt. Worcester Sportsman's Club, Worcester, Mass. Yonkers Rifle Association, Yonkers, N. Y. Zettler Rifle Club, New York City, N. Y. FOREIGN RIFLE CLUBS. I53 FOREIGN RIFLE CLUBS AND ASSOCIATIONS. This list has been much more difficult to compile than that of Domestic Clubs, several Rifle Organizations being known to exist in France, Germany, Switzerland, Belgium, etc., whose headquar- ters are unknown to the writer. Those given below may be re- ceived without any doubt of their authenticity. American Rifle Club, Lima, Peru. Auckland Rifle Association, Auckland, New Zealand. British Columbia Rifle Association, Victoria, British Columbia, North America. Calcutta Volunteer Rifle Association, Calcutta, India. Cape of Good Hope Rifle Association, Cape Town, South Af- rica. Cobourg Rifle Association, Cobourg, Canada. Deccan Rifle Association, Chudderghaut, Hyderabad, India. Demerara Rifle Association, Demerara, West Indies. Dominion of Canada Rifle Association, Ottawa, Canada. Eastern Province of South Africa Rifle Association, Graham Town, South Africa. Guelph Rifle Association, Guelph, Ontario, Canada. Hong-Kong Rifle Association, Hong-Kong, China. Hyderabad Rifle Association, Secunderabad, India. Irish Rifle Association, Dublin, Ireland, Kaffrarian Rifle Association, Williams Town, South Africa. Kimberley Rifle Association, Kimberley, South Africa. Mauritius Rifle Association, Port Louis, Mauritius. Metropolitan Rifle Association, Ottawa, Canada. Miniature Rifle Club, Dublin, Ireland, Montreal Rifle Association, Montreal, Canada. Natal Coast Rifle Association, Port Natal, South Africa. Natal Rifle Association, Petermaritzburg, South Africa. 154 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. National Rifle Association, London, England. National Rifle Club, Edinburgh, Scotland. New Brunswick Rifle Association, New Brunswick, Canada. New South Wales Rifle Association, Sydney, Australia. New Zealand Rifle Association, Wellington, New Zealand. Northern India Rifle Association, Simba, India. Ontario Rifle Association, Toronto, Canada. Otago Rifle Association, Derudin, New Zealand. Poona Rifle Association, Poona, India. Port Elizabeth Rifle Association, Port Elizabeth, South Africa. Prince Edward's Island Rifle Association, Charlottetown, Prince Edward's Island. Province of Quebec Rifle Association, Montreal, Canada. Provincial Rifle Association, Halifax, Nova Scotia. Seventh Military District Rifle Association, Hamilton, Canada. Shanghai Rifle Association, Shanghai, China. Societe Havraise de Tir, Havre, France. South Australian Rifle Association, Adelaide, Australia. Soutliern India Rifle Association, Bangalore, India. Taranaki Rifle Association, New Plynoouth, New Zealand. Thames Rifle Association, Thames Gold Fields, New Zealand. Ulster Rifle Association, Belfast, Ireland. Victoria Rifle Association, Melbourne, Australia. Victorian Rifle Association, Montreal, Canada. Wanganui Rifle Association. Wanganui, New Zealand. West of Scotland Rifle Association, Glasgow, Scotland. Yokohama Rifle Association, Yokohama, Japan. RIFLE RECORD. 155 EIFLE EECORD OP TEAM AND INDIVIDUAL MATCHES AND SCORES IN EUROPE AND AMERICA. INTERNATIONAL LONG-RANGE MATCHES. IS74-. IRELAND versus AMERICA. Shot at Creedmoor, September 16, 1874. (The first International Rifle Team Contest ever shot in America.) Between teams of six men each representing Ireland and Amer- ica. Distances, 800, 900, and 1 000 yards. Fifteen shots at each distance. Irish Team used Rigby rifles. American Team all shot with American breech-loaders. Shot at the old sl^uare buirs-eye targets. Highest possible Team total, 1080 points. Captain of the American Team, Colonel George W. Wingate. Captain of the Irish Team, Major Arthur B. Leech. American Team: Irish Team: 934 points. 931 points. . American Majority, 3 points. 18-75. IRELAND versHS AMERICA. Shot at Dollymount, Ireland, June 29, 1875. Return match between teams of six men each representing Ire- land and America. Distances, 800, 900, and 1000 yards. Fifteen shots at each distance. Irish Team used Rigby rifles. The Amer- ican Team all shot with American breech-loaders. 156 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. Shot at the old square bull's-eye targets. Highest possible Team total, 1080 points. Captain of American Team, Colonel Henry A. Gildersleeve. Captain of Irish Team, Major Arthur B. Leech. American Team : Irish Team : 968 points. 929' points. American Majority, 39 points. CANADA versus THE UNITED STATES. Shot at Creedmoor, September 25, 1875, under the auspices of the Amateur Rifle Club of New York City. Teams of eight men each. Distances, 800, 900, and 1000 yards. Fifteen shots at each distance. Captain of American Team, Major-General T. S. Dakin. Captain of Canadian Team, Captain C. R. Murray. American Team: Canadian Team: 1409 points. 1384 points. American Majority, 25 points. 1876. THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL LONG-RANGE MATCH FOR THE AMERICAN CENTENNIAL TROPHY "PALMA" AND THE CHAMPIONSHIP OF THE WORLD. First competition was shot at Creedmoor, Wednesday and Thurs- day, September 13 and 14, 1876. Between teams of eight men, each representing Scotland, Ireland, Australia, Canada, and America. Distances, 800, 900, and 1000 yards. Fifteen shots at each distance upon each day. AMERICAN CENTENNIAL TROPHY. I57 The American Oentennial Trophy "Palma.' 158 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE, Highest possible team score each day, 1800 points, both days = 3600 points. Captain of American Team, Majoi- Henry Fulton. Captain of Irish Team, Major Arthur B, Leech. Captain of Scotch Team, Lieut.-Col. J. H. A. Macdonald. Captain of Australian Team, Captain A. Blannin. Captain of Canadian Team, Major J. E. O'Eeilly. American Team: Irish Team: Scotch Team; First day, 1577 points. 1582 points. 1586 points. Second day, 1549 " 1522 " 1477 " Total, 3126 " 3104 " 3063 " Australian Team: Canadian Team: First day, 1545 points. 1490 points. Second dav, 1517 " 1433 " Total, 3062 " 2923 " American Majority over Ireland, 22 points. " " " Scotland, 63 " " " " Australia, 64 " " " " Canada, 203 " IRELAND yersus AMERICA. Shot at Creedmoor, September 21, 1876, under the auspices of the Amateur Rifle Club of New York City. Teams of six men each. Distances, 800, 900, and 1000 yards. Fifteen shots at each distance. American Team: Irish Team: 1165 points. 1154 points. American Majority, 11 points. RIFLE RECORD. 1^59 IS77. THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL LONG-RANGE MATCH FOR THE AMERICAN CENTENNIAL TROPHY " PALMA " AND THE CHAMPIONSHIP OF THE WORLD. Second competition shot at Creedmoor on Thursday and Friday, -September 13 and 14, 1877, between teams of eight men each, rep- resenting Great Britain and Ireland and America. Conditions same as first competition in 1876. Captain of American Team, Major-General Thomas S. Dakin. Captain of British Team. Sir Henry J. Halford, Bart. American Team : British Team : First day, 1655 points. 1629 points. Second day, 1679 " 1613 " Total, 3334 " 3242 '* American Majority, 92 points. CANADA versus THE UNITED STATES. Shot at Toronto, Canada, September 3, 1877. Teams of six men each, representing respectively the Amateur Rifle Club of New York City and the Victoria Rifle Club of Hamil- ton, Ontario, Canada. Distances, 800, 900, and 1000 yards. Fif- teen shots at each distance. Captain of American Team, Lieut. -Col. E. Harrison Sanford. Captain of Canadian Team, Lieut. -Col. J. M. Gibson. American Team : Canadian Team : 1083 points. 1061 points. American Majority, 22 points. 160 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. ISTS- THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL LONG-RANGE MATCH FOU THE AMERICAN CENTENNIAL TROPHY "PALMA" AND THE CHAMPIONSHIP OF THE WORLD. Third competition shot at Creedmoor, Wednesday and Thurs- day, September 25 and 26, 1878. Captain of Team, Captain William H. Jackson. American Team. (No other Competitors.) First day, 1660 points. Second day, 1576 " Aggregate, 3236 " with 17 shots to fire. THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL MILITARY MATCH. For a trophy presented by Honorable Henry Hilton, of New York, valued at $3000. Shot at Creedmoor during the Fall Meeting of the N. R. A., September, 1878. Open to teams of twelve men from each of the three Military Divisions of the United States Army. One team from the United States Navy. One team representing the National Guard, or Uniformed Militia, from each State and Territory in the United States. One team each from the Regular Army, the Militia, the Volunteers and the Navy of all Coimtries, Provinces of Great Britain, and Provinces of Canada. At the above competition teams entered representing respective- ly the Military Divisions of the Atlantic, Missouri, and Pacific, INTERNATIONAL MILITARY PRIZE. Igj The "HHton Trophy," International Military Prize 11 162 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. United States Army (tlie latter arriving too late to compete), and the States of Connecticut, New Jersey, and New York. Distances, 200, 500, and 600 yards. Seven shots at each dis- tance each man. Weapon, any military rifle that has been adopted as an- official arm by any State or Government. 200 yds. State of New York 345 State of Connecticut 345 Mil. Div. of the Atlantic, U. S. A.. 312 State of New Jersey 328 Mil. Div. of the Missouri, U. S. A. . 303 Scores. 500 yds. 600 yds. Aggt. 370 329 1044 331 227 903 311 239 862 301 232 861 276 224 803 INTER-STATE MILITARY MATCHES. Prize. — A Bronze Trophy, "The Soldier of Marathon." Open to teams of twelve men each, representing the National Guard and Uniformed Militia of any State and Territory in the United States. 1875. First Match shot at Creedjioor, October 1, 1875. 200 and 400 yards. Ten shots at each distance. 200 yds. 400 yds. Aggt. ■ State of New York, score 446 418 864 State of Connecticut, " 375 308 683 IS76. Shot at Creedmoor, September 20, 1876. 200 and 500 yards. Other conditions same as first match. 200 yds, 500 yds. Aggt. State of Connecticut, score 443 386 829 State of New York, " 434 382 816 INTER-STATE MILITARY PRIZE. 163 164 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. IS77. Shot at Creedmooe, September 12, 1877. Conditions as in 1876. 200 yds. State- of California, score 499 State of Connecticut, " 505 State of New York, " 480 State of New Jerse}^, " 411 IS7S. Shot at Ckeedmoor, September 19, 1878. Conditions as in 1877. 200 yds. State of New York, score 483 State of Connecticut, " 476 State of New Jersey, ' ' 455 State of Rhode Island, " 461 State of Massachusetts, " 387 500 yds. Aggt 496 995 466 971 487 967 333 744 00 yds. Aggt 491 974 430 906 409 864 392 853 335 722 INTER- STATE LONG-RANGE MATCHES. For a Trophy to be Shot for Annually. Teams of four from all Rifle Clubs and Associations in any State or Territory of the United States tliat have affiliated with the Na- tional Rifle Association previous to the match. Distances, 800, 900, and 1000 yards. Fifteen shots at each distance. Any rifle. 1877. Amateur Rifle Club of N. Y 825 po: Massachusetts Rifle Association 786 Parthian Rifle Club of N. Y 780 Crescent City Rifle Club of La 754 Hackensack Rifle Association of N. J 752 Columbia Rifle Association of D. C 736 nts. RIFLE RECORD. Igg IS7S, (Conditions as above.) Massachusetts Rifle Association 845 points. Amateur Rifle Club of N. Y 886 " Columbia Rifle Association of D. C. 737 " - INDIVIDUAL LONG-RANGE MATCHES. INDIVIDUAL LONG-RANGE CHAMPIONSHIP OF THE UNITED STATES. First Match for the "LEECH CUP" and Championship Gold Badge. Open to all native-born citizens of the United States, and all resident members of the Amateur Rifle Club of New York, re- gardless of nationality. Distances, 800, 900, and 1000 yards. Fif- teen shots at each distance. Any rifle. 1875.— Won by Colonel John Bodine. 800 yds. 900 yds. 1000 yds. Aggt. Score 65 69 71 205 1876.— Won by Colonel H. A. Gildersleeve. 800 yds. 900 yds. 1000 yds. Aggt. Score 68 71 75 214 1877.— Won by Major H. S. Jewell. 800 yds. 900 yds. 1000 yds. Aggt. Score 71 69 7S 213 1878.— Won by Frank Hyde. SOOyds. 900 yds. 1000 yds. Aggt. Score 69 67 69 205 166 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. COMPETITIONS FOR IHE "WIMBLEDON CUP." Shot for annually during tlie Fall Meeting of the N. R. A. Open to all citizens and residents of the United States. Distance, 1000 yards. Thirty shots. Any rifle, 1875 (at Wimbledon). Won by Mnjor Henry Fulton ; score, 133. 1876 (at Creedmoor). Won by Isaac L. Allen ; score, 139. 1877 (at Creedmoor). Won by Dudley Selph ; score, 137. 1878 (at Creedmoor). Won by Frank Hyde; score, 143. CHAMPION'S MATCH. Open to all comers. Any rifle. Distances, 200,600, and 1000 yards. Ten shots at each distance. Grand N. R. A. Gold Medal, first prize. Grand N. R. A. Silver Medal, second prize. Grand N. R. A. Bronze Medal, third prize. 200 600 1000 . . yds. yds. yds. -^so^* 1875.— 1st prize. Major Henry Fulton, score. . 42 42 47 131 2d " James Mason (of Canadian Team), " . . 37 46 43 126 3d " Capt.R. C.Coleman, " . . 45 47 31 123 1876. — 1st prize. Lieutenant - Colonel E. H. Sanford, score. . 42 47 44 133 2d " Peter Rae (of Scotch Team), " . . 42 41 46 129 3d " J.K.Millner(ofIrish Team), " . . 37 49 43 129 RIFLE RECORD. 1^7 1877.- -1st prize. yds. Major Henry Fulton, score. 47 ouu yds. 49 lUUU yds. 48 Aggt. 139 2d " I.L.Allen, " .. 44 49 42 135 3d " General T. S. Dakin, " .. 42 48 44 134 1878.- — 1 St prize. W, Milton Farrow, score. . 46 47 46 139 2d " I.L.Allen, " .. 42 45 49 136 3d " Colonel H. F. Clark, " .. 40 50 45 135 MATCH FOR THE MILITARY CHAMPIONSHIP OF THE UNITED STATES. First Stage. Open to members of the Army and Navy of the United States or National Guard of any State. Distances, 200, 500, and 600 yards. Seven shots at each distance. Weapon, the military arm used by the organization of which competitor is a member. Winner of Firet Prize in First Stage. 200 500 600 . , ■ yds. yds. yds. -^sf '• Pvt. C. H.Eagle, 7th Regt. N. G.S.N. Y., score. .29 29 29 87 Second Stage. Open to highest sixty in the first stage. Distances, 800, 900, and 1000 yards. Seven shots at each distance. Special military rifles. First prize, the " Gold Champion's Medal," and the "Mil- itary Championship of the United States" for one year. Winner. Captain J. S. Barton, 48th Regt. N. G. S. N. Y. (Score in First Stage.) (Score in Second Stage.) 200 yds. 500 yds. 600 yds. Aggt. 800 yds. 900 yds. 1000 yds. Aggt. 30 20 30 80 31 28 18 77 168 TEE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. The " Military Championsliip of the United States ' Gold Medal. RIFLE RECORD. \Q^ SHORT-RANGE MATCHES. "JUDD" MATCHES of Fall Meetings of the N. R. A. at Creedmoor. Distance, 200 yards." Five shots. Any military rifle. Winners of First Prizes. 1873. — W. Robertson, score , IG points (old target). 1874.— Capt. H.B.Smith, " (seven shots) 23 " 1875.— J. Mason, " " 30 " 1876.--F. J.Fulgraff, " " 34 " 1877.— E.W.Whitlock, " " 33 " 1878.— B.McSoley, " " 33 " "SHORT-RANGE" MATCHES of Fall Meetings of the N. R. A. at Creedmoor. Distance, 200 yards. Five shots. Any rifle. Winners of First Prizes. 1873. — O. Schneeloch, score IG points (old target). 1874.— Joseph Turner, " (seven shots) 27 " " 1875.— Thos.R. Murphy, " " 32 " 1876.— H.F.Clark, " " 30 " 1877.— Edward Sqnier, " " .33 " 1878.— D.C.Millis, " '' 32 " 170 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. SHORT-RANGE TEAM MATCH OF 1877. Shot at Creedmoor during Fall Meeting of that year. Teams of five men, from Rifle Clubs and Military Organizations. Any rifle or carbine. Distances, 200 and 300 yards. Seven shots each dis- tance. There were twenty teams in this match, the scores made being as follows : 1st Team, score 145 2d " 8d " 4th " ,5th " 6th " 7th " 8th " 9th " 10th " 11th " 12th '• 13th " 14th " 15th " 16th " 17th " 18th " 19th " 20th " 00 yds. 300 yds. Aggt. 145 127 272 143 123 266 140 123 263 144 119 263 133 127 260 138 120 258 141 115 256 140 114 254 127 126 253 136 112 248 128 • 119 247 135 107 242 121 120 241 128 113 241 130 108 238 128 105 233 129 101 230 126 99 225 122 100 222 117 76 193 RIFLE RECORD. \^\ SHORT-RANGE TEAM MATCH OF 1878. Shot at Creedmoor during Fall Meeting of that year. Teams oifour from Rifle Clubs and Military Organizations. Distances, 200 and 300 yards. Seven shots at each distance. Any rifle or carbine. There were sixteen teams in this match, the scores made being as follows : 200 yds. 300 yds, Aggt. 1st Team, score 119 108 227 2d ■' " 116 108 224 3d '• •' 119 105 221 4th " " 118 102 220 5th '^ " 113 104 217 6th '• " 110 106 216 7th " ''• HI 100 211 8th " " 102 108 210 9th " " 114 95 209 10th " " 110 98 208 11th " '• 109 95 204 12th '• '• Ill 85 196 13th " " 103 91 194 14th '^ " 104 88 192 15th " " ..109 82 191 16th " " 99 84 183 172 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. TIME MATCHES. Five competitions shot at Creedmoor in 1876. Distance, 200 yards. Third-class target. Any rifle (magazine guns used as single-loaders). As many shots as possible to be fired within 30 seconds, and competitors to have two chances : the aggregate score of both rounds to be counted. 1st Competition. — 1st chance: the winner fired 8 shots and made 5 hits, scoring 18 points. 2d chance: the winner fired 8 shots and made 7 hits, scoring 19 points. Total, 37 points. 2d Competition. — 1st chance : the winner fired 6 shots and made 4 hits, scoring 14 points. 2d chance: the winner fired 5 shots and made 5 hits, scoring 20 points. Total, S-t points. 3d Competition. — 1 st chance : the winner fired 9 shots and made 8 hits, scoring 25 points. 2d chance : the winner fired 9 shots and made 8 hits, scoring 27 points. Total, 52 points. 'IrTH Competition. — 1st chance: the winner fired 11 shots and made 9 hits, scoring 33 points. 2d chance: the winner fired 14 shots and made 13 hits, scoring 40 points. Total, 73 points. 5th Competition. — 1st cliance: the winner fired 14 shots and made 9 liits, scoring 24 points. 2d chance: the winner fired 14 shots and made 11 hits, scoring 39 points. Total, 63 points. "TRAMP" MATCH. Shot at Creedmoor during Fall Meeting of the N. R. A. of 1878. Teams of four men. Distance, 100 yards. Military rifles. I. — As many shots as possible by file firing within one minute. n. — Five volleys fired according to the tactics. Target. — The figure of a Tramp (working as explained on page 50), having a 3-incIi "Bull's-eye," 8-inch "Centre;" above the hips, "Inner;" remainder of figure, "Outer." RIFLE RECORD. 173 The winning team made an aggregate of 44 hits, scoring 135 points. The second team made 47 hits, scoring 129 points. SOLDIERS' MATCH. Five competitions shot at Creedmoor in 1878. Teams of eight. Military rifles. Distance, 200 3'ards. Third-class targets (wood covered with paper). I. — Eiring by file. Time not to exceed two minutes from com- mand, "Commence firing." II.- — Firing by volley. Five volleys for each team. Hits on target ascertained by counting the bullet-holes. A separate paper target for each team. 1st Match. — File firing : winning team made 31 hits, scoring 101 points. Volley firing : winning team made 30 hits, scoring 89 points. Total, 190 points. 2d Match. — File firing: winning team made 30 hits, scoring 88 points. Volley firing : winning team made 27 hits, scoring 89 points. Total, 177 points. 3d Match. — File firing : winning team made 37 hits, scoring 124 points. Volley firing: winning team made 30 hits, scoring 100 points. Total, 224 points. 4th Match. — File firing: winning team made 40 hits, scoring 136 points. Volley firing: winning team made 35 hits, scoring 102 points. Total, 238 points. 5th Match. — File firing : winning team made 38 hits, scoring 129 points. Volley firing : winning team made 33 hits, scoring 104 points. Total, 233 points. ;174 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE, AGGREGATE PRIZES. Winners of prizes offered for highest aggregate score in the fol- lowing matches of Fall Meetings of the N. R. A. at Creedmoor, 1875. E. H. SANFORD. Total. Match X. 500 yards. 7 shots. Military rifle 30 " VI. 200 and 500 yards. 5 shots each yds, yds. distance. Military rifle 21 20 41 " IV. 200 and 500 yards. 5 shots each distance. Military rifle 20 24 44 Aggt. 1 1 5 FRANK HYDE. Total. Match III. 200 yards. 7 shots. Creedmoor rifle 28 " XII. 500 and 600 yards. 7 shots each yds. yds. distance. Creedmoor rifle. . . 32 30 G2 " XIV. 800 and 1000 yards. 10 shots yds. ydS each distance. Creedmoor rifle 43 42 85 Aggt. 175 1876. W. H. DEWAR. Match IV. 500 yards. 7 shots. Military rifle. Total. ;^9 VII, 200 and 500 yards. 5 shots each yds. yds. distance. Military rifle 20 21 41 IX. 200 and 500 yards. 5 shots each distance. Military rifle 17 21 38 Aggt. HI RIFLE RECORD. 175 E. H. SANFOBD. Total. Match II. 200 yards. 7 shots. Sporting rifle 25 *' V. 200, 600, and 1000 yards. 10 ' , ,. ^ , 200 600 1000 shots each distance. Creed- yds. yds. yds. moorrifle 42 47 44 133 " XII. 800 and 1000 yards. 10 shots , ,. ^ , 800 1000 each distance. Cieedmoor yds. yds. rifle 48 49 _97 Aggt. 255 1S77. JOHN KENWOOD. Total. Match V. 500 yards. 7 shots. Military rifle 30 " VI. 200 and 500 yards. 5 shots each yds. yds. distance. Military rifle 20 18 38 " IX. 200 and 500 yards. 5 shots each distance. Military rifle 20 23 43 Aggt. Ill FRANK HYDE. Total. Match II. 200 yards. 7 shots. Sporting rifle 26 " III. 200, 600, and 1000 yards. 10 yds. yds. S shots each distance 41 48 37 126 *' XIII. 1000 yards. 30 shots. Cieedmoor rifle 135 Aggt. 287 176 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. IS7S, JOHN CORRT. ^^^^^j Match-IX. 500 yards. 7 shots. Military rifle 30 200 500 " XL 200 and 500 yards. 5 shots each yds. yds. distance. Military rifle 17 22 39 " XIII. 200 and 500 yards. 5 shots each distance. Military rifle 31 18 39 Aggt. M FRANK HYDE. ^^^^, Match II. 200 yards. 7 shot? 26 200 600 1000 " V. 200, 600, and 1000 yards. 10 yds. yds. yds. shots each distance 37 49 45 131 " XXVI. 1000 yards. 30 shots 143 Aggt. 300 FOREIGN MATCHES. COMPETITIONS FOR THE ELCHO CHALLENGE SHIELD. Since 1870. Shot annually at Wimbledon, England. Teams of eight, representing respectively England, Scotland, and Ireland. Distances, 800, 900, and 1000 yards. Fifteen shots at each dis- tance. Any rifles. (Old targets. Highest possible team aggregate, 1440 points.) SOO yds. SOO yds. 1000 yds. Aggt. 1870.— England, score 420 387 359 1166 Ireland, " .... 392 359 353 1104 Scotland, " .... 387 359 357 1103 FOREIGN RIFLE RECORD. 177 800 yds. 900 yds. 1000 yds. Aggt. 1871. —England, score . .. 403 420 381 1204 Ireland, " . .. 400 410 370 1180 Scotland, " .. .. 379 410 361 1150 1872. —England, " . .. 407 421 355 1183 Scotland, " . .. 416 392 364 1172 Ireland, ' ' . .. 31)4 405 353 1152 1873. —Ireland, " . .. 426 379 390 1195 England, ' ' .. 418 377 380 1175 Scotland, ' ' . .. 405 371 352 1128 (New targets. Highest possible team aggregate, 1800 points.) 800 yds. 900 yds. 1000 yds. Aggt. 1874. — Scotland, score .... 504 488 445 1437 England, " ... 483 462 460 1405 Ireland, " ... 465 473 440 1378 1875. —Ireland, " .... 502 527 ■ 477 1506 Scotland, " .... 498 511 494 1503 England, " ... 515 504 483 1502 1876. — England, " ... 489 490 484 1463 Scotland, " ... .504 503 451 1458 Ireland, '' ... 479 449 454 1382 1877. —Ireland, " ... 543 517 508 1568 England, " ... 513 478 473 1464 Scotland, " ... 530 470 439 1439 1878. —Ireland, " . .. 540 535 535 1610 England, " ... 534 521 505 1560 Scotland, '• . . . .532 12 523 497 1552 178 THE RIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. THE QUEEN'S PRIZE. Matches, since 1874, shot for annually at Wimbledon. Eirst Stage, 200, 500, and 600 yards. SeA^en shots at each distance. Government rifle. Highest possible aggregate score, 105 points. — Second Stage, 800, 900, and 1000 yards. Seven shots each distance. Government rifle. 2d " " Pvt. Atkinson, ' ' 28 23 13 64 1875.— 1st " "• "Pvt. TnnPQ ' 90 2d " " Capt. Pearse, ' ' 30 28 15 73 1876.— 1st " 2d " " Pvt. Burgess, ' " Sgt. Pullman, ' 86 ' 23 28 23 74 1877.— 1st " 2d " " Corpl. Betts, ' " Pvt. Jamieson, ' 92 ' 22 23 25 70 1878.— 1st " 2d " '* T^vf T.ntvp ' 95 " Pvt. Rae, ' 30 23 25 78 THE END. SPORTS BY LAND AND SEA. HOW TO GET STRONG, AND HOW TO STAY SO. By William Blaikie.. THE EIFLE CLUB AND RANGE. By A. H. Weston. Il- lustrated. 16rao, Cloth. FISHING IN AMERICAN WATERS. By Genio C. Scott. A New Edition, containing Parts Six and Seven, on South- ern and Miscellaneous Fishes. Illustrated. 8vo, Cloth, $3 50. PRAIRIE AND FOREST : A Description of the Game of North America, with Personal Adventures in their Pur- suit. By Parker Gillmore. Illustrated. 12mo, Cloth, $150. THE FISHING TOURIST : Angler's Guide and Reference Book. By Charles Hallock. Illustrated. Crown 8vo, Cloth, $2 00. STARBOARD AND PORT : The "Nettie" Along Shore. A Summer's Yacht Cruise along the Coasts of Maine and Lab- rador. By George H. Hepworth. 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Profusely Illustrated. 12mo, Cloth, $1 50. His rules are carefully and judiciously given, and he shows great familiarity with the physiological and hygienic considerations in- volved in the topic of which he treats. — Albany Evening Journal. Mr. Wood has executed his work with all the thoroughness and ability which the public had a right to look for from such an ex- pert in physical exercises as himself. — Brooklyn Times. A very comprehensive treatise, and it is to be heartily commend- ed to the public. — Presbyterian^ Phila, A valuable repertory of concise information on all the subjects whereof it treats. Those in quest of health and strength may reap benefit from its perusal. — Methodut^ N. Y. A useful and commendable work, Mr. Wood is an experienced instructor in gymnastic and athletic exercises, and he is admirably qualified to write upon physical education. — Boston Transcript. 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