Class Book COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT I THE c^tanger itt galtimcrte. A NEW HAND BOOK, containing Sketches of the Early History and Present Condition of Baltimore y with a Description of its Nota- ble Localities, and other Information useful to both Citizens and Strangers, " Then Commerce brought into the public walk The busy merchant ; the big warehouse built ; Raised the strong crane ; choked up the loaded street With foreign plenty. — On either hand, Like a long wintry forest, groves of masts Shot up their spires, the bellying sheet between Possessed the breezy void ; the sooty hulk Steered sluggish on ; the splendid barge along Rowed regular, to harmony; While deep the various voice of fervent toil From bank to bank increased." — Thomson. : BALTIMORE : COMPILED AND PUBLISHED BY J. F. WEISHAMPEL, JR.. BOOKSELLER AND STATIONER. No. 8, UXDER THE " EUTAW HOUSE," Cor. Baltimore and Eutaio Streets* b' Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1866, by John F. Weishampel, jr., in the Clerk's OflBce of the District Court of Maryland. Stereotyped by Ryan & Ricketts. /t* r SflKBWOOD &, Co.,' PaiNTEES. ^ /O 9 :^ K f O' f Contents. CONTENTS. Page. List of Places Interesting to Strangers 9 Introductory Remarks/. 13 Early History op Baltimore 15 to 58 General Description of the City 61 to 71 The Water Works 73 ^wann Lake..< 73 Hampden Reservoir 73 Mount Royal Reservoir 74 Lake Chapman 74 Inscription for ths Entrance to a Wood (Poetry.) 76 Parks and other Public Resorts 77 Druid Hill Park 77 Franklin Square, Union Square 80 Lafayette Square, Patterson Park, Federal Hill 80 Fort McHenry, etc., etc 81 Places Visited by Excursion Steamers 82 Monuments 83 Washington Monument 83 Battle Monument 85 Odd Fellows' Monument ; 87 McDonogh Statue 91 Shot Tower 94 Elevations Above Tide = 95 Poem, on the Statue of Washington 96 Chur6hes •• 97 Cemeteries 107 Greenmount Cemetery 110 Baltimore Cemetery, Loudon Park, etc 112 Humane Institutions 113 Old Almshouse 113 Bay View Asylum 114 House of Refuge 115 Mt. Hope Asylum » HP Contents. Maryland Hospital for the Insane 117 Society for Improving the Condition of the Poor 118 Asylum for the Blind : 119 Baltimore Or*phan Asylum 119 Children's Aid Society 120 Manual Labor School. 120 Union Protestant Infirmary, other Infirmaries, etc 121 Hymn to the Citv 126 Miscellaneous Institutions and Societies 127 Maryland Institute .^127 Peabody Institute ?128 Masons 130 Odd Fellows 131 Total Abstinence Leao:ue 133 Red Men, etc., etc., etc * 135 Newspapers 139 Markets 140 Theatres , 142 Hotels 145 Jail, Fort Carroll : 146 Rail Roads 146 City Passenger Railway 148 Stages to Bel Air, etc 149 Steamers — Description of Principal Lines 149 Various Institutions 156 Banks 156 Teleo^raphs, Expresses 157 City Government and Police, Fire Alarm Telegraph, etc.158 Regulations for Hacknky Coaches ....160 Observations and Suggestions — Antiquities 163 Proposed Impkovements 165 Epitome of Historical Events in Baltimobs 169 List of Placen and Bai dings Interesting to Strangers. 9 LIST OF PLACES AND BUILDINGS INTERESTING TO STRANGERS. {See Page 148 /o?" Routes and Time of City Passenger Railway.) "TvRUlD HILL PARK and surroundings— *Woodber(?y, *Lake ^ Chapman, &c. (See pages 73 and 77.) ^^^ Go by the Madison Avenue Passenger Railway. On the route thither, commencing at the "Eutaw House," the Lexington Market, and the Svvedenborgian, Mount Calvary, Methodist and other churches are passed. This line also crosses Monument, street, a short distance from the Washington Monument. The cars run to the middle of the Park during the summer, but a carriage is most convenient for a thorough survey of its beauties- United States Court House, corner of Fayette and North streets. Battle Monument. (See page 85.) Washington Monutftent. (See page 83.) Peabody Institute. (See page 128.) Grace Church. First Presbyterian Church. (See page 98.) Emmanuel Church. J^^ By the North Baltimore Line. Cars start corner of North and, Baltimore streets. Shot Tower. (See page 95.) Seen from corner of Fayette and Gay streets. Odd Fellows' HaU. (See page 131.) Temperance Temple. Front Street Theatre. (See page 143.) Old "Independent" Engine House. Baltimore Cemetery. ^^^ By the Franklin Square Line, going east from corner of Gay and Baltimore streets. Maryland Institute. (See page 127.) Second Presbyterian Church. 10 Lint of Places and Buildings intereativg to Strangers, Church Home. Odd Fellows' Monument. (See page 87.) St. Michael's Church. St. Patrick's Church. Fell's Point Market. Shipping and Ship Yards. ♦Patterson Park and Intrenchments of 1814. *Canton Iron Works. Fort Marshall. ♦Bay View Asylum. (See page 114.) ^^^ By the Madison Avenue Line, going east, and connect- ing with the Canton Line on Fell's Point. *Fort Federal "HiH. (See page 80. ) Glass Works and Wood Wharves. Ferry Bar and Patapsco Bridge (fishing place.) *Fort McHenry. (See page 81.) JSS*" By Pennsylvania Avenue Line, going south, from cor- ner of Baltimore and Hanover streets. Franklin Square. Orphan Asylum. Aged Men's and Aged Women's Homes. Baptist Church and Fourth Presbyterian Church. St. Luke's Ep. Church and St. Martin's (Catholic) Church. *The Hicks Hospital. ^^^ By Franklin Square cars, going west, which connect with the EUicott's Mills Railway. By continuing on this route the following places can be reached : House of Refuge, 1 mile out. (See page 115.) Western Cemetery, 134 miles. Mount Olivet Cemetery, 13^ miles. Loudon Park Cemetery, 2)4 miles. St. Timothy's Hall (school,) 4 miles. Mount De Sales Convent, 5 miles. Catonsville, 6 miles. EUicott's Mills, 10 miles. (The neighborhood of this village i? remarkable for rugged and romantic scenery. The visitor List of Places and Buildiugs iiiteresiiHg to Strangers. 11 can return bj the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, whiofa will bring him alonoj a deliojhtful prospect, passing the Avalon Iron Works, Viaduct, Relay House, and arriving in an hour at Camden Station.) City Hall and Theatre, Holiday street. Greenmount Cemetery. (See page 110.) Govanstown, 4 miles. Towsontown, 7 miles. J^*' By York Road cars, starting from the City Hall, Holi- day, st. Westminster Church (in the grounds of which Edgar A. Poe is buried,) /ind Western Female High School. Lexington Market. *01d Cathedral Cemetery. *01d Alms House. fSee page 113.) ^g|*" By Pennsylvania Avenue Line, going north, from cor- ner of Green and Baltimore streets. *Swann Lake, 8 miles on Par's Road. (See page 73. *Hainpden Reservoir, 3 miles on Fall's Road, opposite Woodberry. *M()unt Royal Reservoir, near corner of North Avenue and Fall's Road. Exchange, South Gay street. Eastern Spring, Canal and Pratt streets. Union Bank, St. Paul's Church, Cathedral, St. Alphonsus Church, Central Presbyterian Church — all out North Charles street and vicinitj'. Charles street road for seven miles beyond the Monument is a fashionable drive. Kamineskey's Inn (oldest house in the city,) Mercer street, be- tween Calvert and Light, rear of No. 169 West Baltimore st. The places marked * are at some distance from the passenger railway, and if the visitor does not desire to walk, he had better procure a carriage for the entire round. The other points named are on or near the routes of the cars. THE STRANGER IN BALTIMORE. Introductory Remarks. A CITY is always interestinof. While some may decry its crowded thoroughfares and haunts of traffic and pleasure, contrastinor them unfavorably with the fertile fields and green shades of the country, the most of men will ever seek the city for the greater concentrated attractions of labor, of mind, of business, of humanity. The country may be lauded for ita natural beauties, for its unsophisticated manners and freedom from enormous vices, as if to lay upon city-life a greater aggre- gation of fully and crime. But there is danger of misappre- hension from this view. There is not a rural district anywhere free from vice ; indeed, in many cases the villager exceeds the citizen in excesses of every grade. In many small towns, as well as Ipss settled neighborhoods, the vices of man's mature are exhibited unblushin.ffly and without fear of restraint, for the executors of the civil law are too weak to repress any disorders of the least magnitude. The thinness of population, however, causes this fact to be overlooked, and consequently the great cities are generally execrated as dispronortionally criminal. The truth is, that many of the worst class already graduated in villainy assemble from the country to practice their nefarious employments in the city. With this exception, the proportion is not unfavorable. It is forgotten l,hat, while a great amount of wickedness may pervade a large town, there is also a much more powerful influence exerted for law, for intelligence and morality, than could be obtained in any rural locality. The city has ever been the centre from which have radiated the wonderful achievements of religion, of humanity and art. The names of Jerusalem. Rome, Constantinople, London, call to our view Religions that have swayed the world. While the histories of the cities of European and Asiatic kingdoms have been writ- ten in blood and folly, they have also marked the truth that civilization has been fostered within their walls, which would otherwise have been lost among people purely pastoral or no- madic. Art, science, law, refinement, have all been gathered there to perpetuate the greatest efforts of man, to establish his highest genius in the eyes of future generations, to authorize order and government, to increase the welfare of the whole hu- 14 Introductory Hemarks mariBftce. It is from our modern cities, for example, that reli- glon and moral reform have received their prea'test encourag^e- ment, in the shape of chaiitable, educational and humane institutions, of societies for the diffusion of the gospel, and of every approved enterpiise in state and church. These facts render the city doubly interesting to the moral observer as well as to the mer^e cnrioxo. To the latter what astonishment and speculation must the various shades of city -life present! Every tongue and class of people, jostling along the crowded streets, every form and variety of youth and age, every device of trade and pleasure, every ingenuity of mechani^sm. every means of commerce, existing together in a harmony of confusion, amid a deafening din and bustle, with an absorbing haste and earntst- ness, with splendor and squalor mingled, with the extremest show of pi^-nury and unlimited extravagance 1 But we must now dii'ect our attention especially to the City of Baltimore, which, though less ostentatious than some others in our country, is held in the highest estimation by tourists from all parts of the world, for its situation, climate and hospi- tality, and grows, dearer every year to its inhabitants in recol- lections and attachments, in sources of happiness and promise of increased prosperity. Thousands of visitors have annually inquired for a guide book to inform them of the various interesting points in the history and topography of this city, and have been surprised that none was to be obtained. It is to supply this need, as well as to inforfh our own citizens more generally, that this work is prepared. The publisher claims to have done nothing more than compile and arrange in a portable shape the facts which otbeis have from time to time collated. iMuch information is extracted from the "Annals of Baltimore," by Thomas W. Giiflith, (1824,) which has long been out of print. From a desciiptive woik, issued in 1858, we draw an interesting resume of trade and business, cai rying it forward to the present date. In addition, the stianger will find inserted full directions for visiting every place of interest in our limits, with other useful particulars for reference. Early History of Baltimore. 15 EAKLY HISTORY OF BALTIMORE, LANDING AT ST. MARY'S. (^ECILTDS CALVERT, the second Lord Baltimore, became J Proprietary of Maryland under a charter from Charles L, of England, in" 1632. '' Crescentia" was the first title given to the country, probably in allusion to its shape, as presented on its map ; but the King named it "Maryland," in honor of his wife, Henrietta Maria. In 1634, Lord' Baltimore aided about two hundred emigrants to colonize at the mouth of the Poto- mac river, on a tra't which they named St. Mary's. Great an- ticipations were subsequently indulged that this place would become of considerable commercial importance. From 1619 to 1658 this and adjacent settlements were under the control of au- thorities acting in favor of Oliver Cromwell and his son Rich- ard ; but in 1662, on the accession of Charles IL, Lord Balti- more resumed his full powers, and appointed Philip Calvert, his brother, Governor. At this date, the territory was almost en- tirely a wilderness, still occupied by native Indians. 16 Early History of Baltimore. '' In 1662, Mr. Thomas Gorsuch, a member of the Society of Friends, patented fifty acres of land on Whetstone Point, in the County of Baltimore. This was th6 first land patented within the present limits of the city. The " purchase money " was at the rate of only/o«r shillings, the ''quit rent" four shillings a year, and "alienations" ionr &h\\\\vigs per hundred acre-, pay- able in specie or tobacco. Whetstone Point is that peninsula upon the extreme end of which Fort McHenry is located. In 1663, Mr. Charles Mountenay took up two hundred acres on each side of Harford Run. In 1668, Mr. John Howard patented the land lying between the heads of the middle and north branches of the Patapsco. The same year Thomas Cole took five hundred and fifty acres more, extending from Mountenay's ground across the north side of the river one mile, and north- wardly from the river about half a n:ile, calling the tract Cole's Harbor. In 1682 this property was purchased by a Mr. David Jones, who gave bis name to the stream running through it, and who is believed to have been the first actual settler on the site of the future city. He built a house on the north side of the stream, (Jones' Falls,) near its junction with tide water. Shortly afterward, a Mr. John Hurst became possessed of some of the land, and built a house, which he used as an^inn, near Mr. Jones' residence. In 1711, Mr. Jonathan Hanson built a mill near the present corner of Holliday and Bath streets, which was still standing in 1825. In 1726, Mr. Edward Fell set- tled on the east side of the Falls, and employed a surveyor to examine the neighborhood. There were then but two dwelling- houses, a mill and several out-houses, in existence at this place. As years progressed, other settlers located in this neighbor- hood, and in 1723 there were five ships in the Patapsco, at North Point, freighting for London. A trade increased, the head of tide seemed preferable for the situation of a town, and applica- tion was made to Mr. John Moale, a merchant from Devonshire, who owned the land between the middle and south branches of the Patapsco, to lay out lots for houses on his property. It is said that application was also made to the Assembly for author- ity to do so, but Mr. Moale, either preferiing the prospect of "wealth from the iron-ore banks on the premises, or actuated by some personal jealousies, opposed the movement so heaitily in the Assembly, of which he was a member, that it failed. Ex- cluded thus from the level land, the petitioners were compelled to select a site under the hills and along the marshes of the north-western branch. This refusal of Mr. Moale was a great advantage to the future city, for, as Mr. Griffith says, "unless a seaport is actually upon, or very near, the seaboard, the head of navigable water must be preferred to the side of a rivei-, for the advantages of commerce by both land and water." Therefore, in 1729, an act of Assembly was passed for "erecting a town ON THE north SIDE OF THE Patapsco, in Baltimore County, and for laying out into lots sixty acres of land in and about the Early History of Baltimore 17 'PRL:SENr BOUN-DAR}£E CF CJTf^ ORIGIN AL SETTLEMENT AND COMPARATIVE BOUNDS OF CITY. p'ace where one John Fleininof now lives." Mr. Flemins: lived in a house owned by Charles Carr oil, a^ent of the Propiietary, situated on the east side of what is now South Charl(^s street, about a hundred yards from Baltimore street. In 1730 the town was laid off into lots and called Baltimore, in compliment to the Propri'tary, whose title had been derived from a seaport in Ireland. The Commissioners in charge commenced near the present corner of Pi-att and Lio^ht streets, and ran north vvpsterly alons: Uhler's alley to ^harp sti-eet ; thence crossed Baltimore street and up ]\Ic('lellan's alley "to the precipice which over- hung' the Falls,"* near the corner of St. Paul's and Saratoga streets; thence across to Frederick street ; thence south to Sec- ond street; along Second to the Basin, which then extended to Water street, and thence to the point of startino^. *At that lime the bed of the present Falls was much divided, diverg- ing in more thnn one channel; the wtiole space fmm Front street to CHlvert. fi-om the Basin back to Franklin street, was low and marshy, and a deep o;Hlly also extended down l.ittle S' iup street, through Sharp street and Uhler's alley, to the Ba-in. "Marsh Market" derives ita name from the character of that portion of ground. 18 Early History of Baltimore. West Baltimore st. was first called Long street, and the eastern part York street') it was intersected by Calvert street (after- wards nainedyand ii'^orresi street (afterwards called Chav^es.) South, Second, Hanover and Light streets were lanes/since widened. ♦V^l'he lots of this survey were sold to various per- sons, among wlfbm appear the names of Messrs. Wall^, Jones, Jackson^Hammond, f rice, Buckner, Sheridine, Powell, Ridgelj, Trotton, North, Hewitt, Gorsuch, Harris, Peel and Gordon. From the small quantity of ground originally taken for the town, and from the difficulty of extending the town in any direction, as it was surrounded by hills, water courses or marsh- es, it is evident that the commissioners did'not anticipate either its present commerce or population. The expense of extending streets, of building bridges, and of leveling hills and filling marshes, to which their successors have been subjected, and which, unfortunately, increases that of preserving the harbor as improvements increase and soil is loosened, have been obstacles scarcely felt in other American cities; but requiring .immense capitals of themselves, against which nothing but the great local advantages for internal and external trade would have enabled the citizens to contend. The alluvion of the Falls, spreading from the shore, from Harford Run to South sti-eet, already limited the channel of the river on the north side of it, and formed some islands, which continued to be overflowed by high tides, until the islands and shoals were made fast land, as they now are. Certainly the commissioners were not regai dless of the navigation, or they would not have located the town by the water; yet the exterior lines nowhere reached the shore, And one street only, Calvert street, appeared to communicate with it; for between the east end of Baltimore street and the falls there was a mar&h, and on the south, Charles street termi- nated at Uhler's spring branch, or rather a. precipice which stood on the south side of it, as did the north* end /of Calvert street, at a greater precipice, where, indeed, oth^rr-fcommission- ers closed the street by erecting the Court House/^which their successors first arched, to procure a passage under it, and others finally removed altogether. The situation relative to other parts of the country, however, afforded the most direct communication; the proximity of bet- ter soil, the great security presented by the harbor, the abun- dance of stone, lime, iron and timber, and the proximity of seats for water-woi'ks, all conti'ibuting to make the first part of the town the centre around which additions have been nearly equally *Gay street was railed Bridge street. Water street was called George street. Pratt street was called Queen street- Upper Saratoga street was called St. PauVs street, and the 1 'wer part Fish street. Lexington street was called New Church street. Exeter street was called Green street. Other streets were also named differently from their present titles. AVhere stree s were cut through to other streets, the name of the better part was given to the whole. Early History of Baltimore. 19 made, afford some proof of the commissioners' judgment and foresight. It is to be noticed, also, that the lots towards the river were all taken within the first three days, and not one of those on Baltimore street, except that on the north side, next adjoining the great public road, now McClellan's alley. In the same year, Mr. Wm. Fell, ship carpenter and brother of Edward, bought of Mr. Lloyd Harris the tract on the Point, called Copus' Harbor, and erected a mansion on Lancaster street. It appears that Roger Mathews was presiding justice at this time, and Thomas Sheridine sheriff, succeeded the same year by. John Hall. About 1731 the highest lot in the town was selected for the building of a church, to be called St. Paul's. It was finished in 1744. Down to the year 1758, we have no knowledge of any other churches or meetings for worship here, but of the established, churches and of the Society of Friends, or Quakers, of which latter society, it appears, a very great portion of the first set- tlers of Baltimore County consisted. It was a short time before the settlement of the county that they first arose, and were now persecuted in England ; and from the time of the establishment of the Episcopal Church in the province, the right of affirmation . and other priviteges were extended to them and their meetings; that of worship, they and ail other Christian sects enjoyed from the first planting of the province. In this vicinity there were the families of Gorsuch, Giles, Fell, Hopkins, Mathews, Taylor, and others who were Quakers, for whom the last-mentioned gentleman appropriated grounds near the one-mile stone on the arford road, where they erected a meeting-house and wor- shiped many years. The county" town of Joppa* being afflicted by small-pox, the Legislature suspended the sessions of the court part of the year 1731 — a circumstance the more unfortunate for that place, as Baltimore was then preparing to become its rival. In 1132, a new town often acres Was laid off into twenty lots, valued at 150 pounds of tobacco eachj^ on that part of Cole's Harbor which was first improved, east of the Falls, and where Edward Fell kept store, and called in some records, Jonas, but afterwards Jones' town, in compliment to one of the former ow^nefs of the land. This town consisted of three streets, or one street with three courses corresponding with the meanders of the bank of the Falls, from a great gully at Pitt street, to the ford at the inter- section of the old load' where French street commences, and which was afterwards called Front, Short and Jones streets ; on the last of which, at the south-west corner of Bridge street, (now Gay,) and the only cross street, stood Mr. Fell's store. *.jfipna, a sm 11 village on (Tunpowder River, fifteen miles east of Baltimore, the county town for fifty years, but now scarcely known. 20 Early Hintory of Bald In consequence of which, the course of the eastern road, instead of passintr through French street, was directed into these streets by Bridge street, even before the brid -e was built. From the early settlement of Cole, Gorsuch or Jones,- it ob- tained the name Old Town. The communication with the first town being obstructed by the passage of the falls, was s/J inconvenient b^-^ the ford, a bridge was soon erected where jClay street bridge n- w is, by the respective inhabitants of the iowns. In this year a town was laid out at Elkiidge Landin^from which pioduce was brought to the ships laying off Moale's.Point for many years after. In 1740, Mr. Edward Fotterall, a gentleman from Ireland, imported the materials and erected the first brick house, with free-stone corners, and the first which was two stories without a hip-roof, in the town. It stood near the north-west intersec- tion of Calvert and Chatham streets. y In 1745 the two towns of Baltimore and Jonestown were "« erected into one town by the name of Baltimore town. Captain Lux commanded a ship in the London trade as early as 4733, and in 1743, purchased the lots Nos. 43 and 44, on the west side of Light street, where he resided and transacted much business. The communication by the bridge, which brought the great eastern road from the ford directly through both pai ts of .the town, gave value to the intermediate grounds, and the whole land and mai'sh, containing twenty-eight acres in all, was pur- chased of Mr. Carroll by Mr. Harrison in 1747 for about $800, and at the ensuing session, an act of Assembly was pa>sed by which Gay and Fredeiick and part of Water and Second streets were laid off, with eighteen acres of ground. This addition, principally on the west side of the falls, contained all the fast land between the eastern limit of the first town and the falls. The commissioners were authorized to open and widen streets or alleys, with the consent of the proprietors, and remove nuisances, and also to hold two annual fairs, the first Thursday of May and October, with privileges from civil piocess during the fairs. House-keeper* were subject to a fine of 10 shillings if they did not keep ladders for extinguishment of fires, or if their chimneys blazed out at top. In 1748, Messrs. Leonard and Daniel Barnetz, from York, in • Pennsylvania, erected a brewery on the south-west corner of Baltimore and Hanover streets, since replaced by stores. These gentlemen were among the first Germans whose successive emi- giation from that province, with capital and industry employed here, contributed so essentially to aid the original settlers. In 1750, High street, from' Plowman to French, including eighteen acies of ground, were added to the town. A tobacco • inspection house was erected on the west side of Charles street and near the head of the inlet inco which Uhler's spring emptied; and a public wharf commenced at the south end of Early History of Baltimore. 21 * =a: Calvert street, a long time called "the County Wharf." Messrs. Lawson, Hammond and Lux erected houses on the bank near the shore, the first of wood, on the eiist, and the last of brick, on the west side of Light street, near the west end of Bank Btreet, and the other further east, near South street. All thi^part of the town was now (1750) enclosed by a fence, having a gateway for carriages on the north end of Gay street, and another at the west end of Baltimore street, with one smaller for foot passengers upon the hill near the church and towards the old road. For the purpose of making this inclosure, there was a general subscription, and it was kept in repair by the same means taree or four years. The fence, it seems, became a prey to the wants of needy inhabitants, and Lloyd Buchanan, Esq., was employed to pr/secute some of them, but found the commissioners not clotted with sufficient legal authority, and the inclosure was discoiitinued. In 1752, John Moal *, son of the former gentleman of that name, sketched a plan or view of the town, which, after correc- tions by Daniel Bowley, was published about 1820 by Edward J. Coale, and exhibits the then state of improvements west of the Falls.* Including the buildings already noticed^ it appears there were about 25 houses, four of which were of brick. The only one of these standing in 1866, was occupied by Mr. Kami- neskey as a tavern, in 1752, on the north-west corner of the present Grant and Mercer streets. (See page 163.) It also appears that one brig, called the Philip and Charles, belonging to Mr. N. Rogers, and one sloop, the Baltimore, Mr. Lux's property, and represented in the sketch, were the only sea vessels owned in the town ; but there must have been several vessels owned on the river and neighborhood, for it is stated that, in the month of October, there were upwards of 60 wagons, loaded with flaxseed, came to town. Mr. William Rogers kept an inn in the house represented in the view, near the north-east corner of Baltimore and Calvert streets, and Mr. James Gard- ner a school near the intersection of South and Water streets. In the same year, thirty-two acres of Cole's Harbor, which Mr. Joshua Hallhad purchased of Mr. Carroll, were added to the town west and north of the first town, commencing at the same point on the river, and including the grounds between McClel- lan's alley and Charles street, ran to the Falls side, north of the church and city spring, where Mr. John Frazier rented a soip- yard and resided. Special penalties were enacted against ob- structing the harbor or throwing earth, sand or dirt into the river at this period. In the Maryland Gazette of 27th February, 1752, is inserted an advertisement for a schoolmaster " of a good sober character, who understands teaching English, writing and arithmetic,'* and who, it is added, " will meet with very good encourage- * We give an engraved copy of this view, on a reduced scale. 22 Early Hi>itory of Baltimore. * * — ■ ment from the inhabitants ot Baltimore town, if well recom- mended." In the Gentlemen'' s Magazine for 1753, the population of the entire county the preceding: vear, then including Harford coun- ty, is stated to consist of 17,238. In the same year, 1753, a lottery is advertised for tlfe purpose of raisino; S450 towards building a public wharf. Mr. George N. Myers, a Pennsylvania German, moved to Bal- timore, and another, Mr. Valentine Laish, built an inn at the south-west corner of Baltimore and Gay streets, and Mr. An- drew Steiger, butcher, who first bought the south-west corner of Baltimore and Charles streets. Mr. Steiger afterwards, in 1756, procuied the lot at the north-east corner of Gay and Bal- timore streets, but on the gable end of the house were fix* d the figures 1741,* being four years anterior to the laying out of that part of the town, and fifteen years before the iot was deeded to him. In 1759 he purchased, drained and cleared the wooded marsh in the bend of the falls and then' on the ea-vt aide of the stream, for pasturage for his cattle. / In the meantime. 1754, Mr. Moale built a brick store, south- east corner Calvert street and Lovely lane, and also a dwelling in the rear of St. Peter's Church. The same year other build- ings were erected by Charles Carroll, barrister, of which the brick ioa-'i imported. John Sly came to settle in Baltijnore and erected a house on South Gav street, and Conrad Smith another on the opposite side; and three years after Jacob Keeports another one adjoin- ing. The savages, after Braddock's defeat by the French and In- dians in 1755, had passed the forts Cumberland and Frederick, and got within eighty or ninety miles of the town, in parties of plunder and muider. Although the French abandoned Fort Du Quesne, on the Ohio. 1758, the country this side of that river was but partially relieved. There is no doubt the growth of Baltimore was promoted by the continuation of the war, preventing the extension of the settlements westerly, for within a year aftei' peace the town had ceitainly become the greatest mart of trade in the province, if not before the war began. Many of the French neutrals, forcibly deprived of their prop- erty and expelled, took refuge here from Acadia or Nova Scdtia, in 1756, that place being taken by the Biitish. Some of them were received in private houses, others quartered in Mr. Fot- terall's deserted house, in which they erected a temporary chapel. For, althi)Ugh the province had been a refuge tor per- secuted Roman Catholics in particular, they were suipassed in number by Protestants, before anysettlement was made in this county, and they had no place of worship in it as yet. At first assisted by public levies, authorized by law, these emigrantii! * Tliis house was removed in 1S53, to make way for imijruvemeut^s. Earl// Hintory of Baltimore. 23 soon found means, by their extraordinary industry and fru- gality, to g:et much of the grounds on south Charles street, erectina: many cabins or huts of mud and mortar, which part was long distinjruished by the name of French town. Hy the same means they or thi ir children conveited their huts into good frame or brick buildings, mostly by their own hands As late as 1830 some of the oiiginal French settlerg remained liv- ing there at the age of ei<;hty-five years and upwards. Among these French neutrals, Messrs. Giittro, Gould, Dashiel, Blanc (White) and Berbine, attached themselves mostly to naviga- tion, and the intirm picked oakum. Seveial houses erected on the west side of the street, from timber cut on the lots, by them- selves, were occupied by some of them more than sixty years. On the other hand, the defencelet-s inhabitants were so greatly alarmed lest the Indians should reach the town, that the women and children were put on board of vessels in the haiboi- to be rescued by flitjht down the Bay if necessary, while the inhabi- tants of the adjacent country were flying to town for safety. In 1758, Mr. Jacob Myeis took the south-east corner of Gay and Baltimore streets and built an inn. At this period there also arrived and settled on lots noi-th of Baltiraor'r' street, Messrs. Levely, Conrad and Gtandchut — the last of whom erected, a brewery on north Frederick street. Mr. Daniel Bar- net and others, who were German Lutherans, bought the lot and erected a small church on Fish street, (now Lexington street. ) ____ ^ In 1759, Messrs. John Smith and ..^^1^^^ William Buchanan, the first a na- ^^O]^^ five of Ireland, and the last of Pennsylvania, purchased the lot fronting on Gay and Water stieets ; building dwelling houses, and two wharves of pine cord wood about one thousand feet long each, to the channel of the river. Mr. Jona- than Plowman, an English mer-< chant lately arrived, also bought several acres of ground, and built at the north-east corner of Balti- more and High streets. •In 1760, Mr. Philpot purchased most of the peninsula betw^een the Falls and Harford run, and built a house at the north-eaat corner of Baltimore street bridge, which caused the bridge afterwards built to be known by that name. The same year, Me^isrs. Larsh, Steiger, Keeports, and others, who were German or Dutch Presbyterians, bought the ground north of the church of Mr. Carroll, and built a small place of worship for that religious society, of wirich Mr. Faber was first minister. OLD STYLE. 24 Early History of Baltimore. In 1761, Messrs. William Smith and James Sterrett moved from Lancaster, Pennsylvania. The first built in Calvert street, and the latter at the north-west corner of Gay and Water streets, where he erected ,a brewery, which was burned and re- built and burned again ^on after the revolution. Mr. Mark Alexander next built large houses on Baltimore, Calvert, and the corner of Charles and Saratoga streets. Mr. Melchor Keener, a German, arrived from Pennsylvania, in 1763, erected a house in North Gay street for an inn';- build- ing a wharf and warehouse, below Hanover street, afterwards. In the meantime, Mr. Steiger erected a dwelling next to the corner of Baltimore street, and Mr. Lytle took the corner house for an ina, and Mr. Amos Fogg rented the White Horse Inn, south-east corner of Front and Low streets. In 1763. Messrs. Plowman and Philpot laid out some grounds between the Falls and Harford Run, into streets running north- west to south-east, and nearly parallel with the former stream, with other streets at right angles with them ; and Mr. Fell laid off part of the tracts of land on the east, being part of Moun- tenay's original tract, with streets north and south and east and west, except on the extreme point itself, where he was governed by the course of the river; which locations were confirmed, and the same added to the town by act of Assembly ten years after. At this time the duties on all kinds of liquors, except from England, was three pence per gallon; on pork, six pence per hundred weight, or one shilling and six pence per barrel ; pitch, one shilling: tar, sixpence; on dried beef or bacon exported, one shilling per hundred weight; and on pickled pork and beef, one shilling per barrel of two hundred weight ; part of which, with one shilling per hogshead on tobacco exported, was appro- priated to the general expenses of the province and part to the free schools ; to the proprietary one shilling sterling per hogs* head, with half a pound of powder and three pounds of shot, or the value, on every ton of foreign shipping enteied ; and three pence per hogshead ^o the governor, and the duty of five per cent., or tounacfe and poundnge, upon all imports, to the crown. The navigation act of Great Biitain confined all the tiade to British and colonial merchants and ships, and intercourse Avith her dnniinions of Europe only was allowed for tobacco, no other trade but to her dominions arid the south of Europe. Resti icted thus by a goveinment in which they had no share, the Ameri- cans contemned their revenue laws, and whilst they were only slight)}' enforced by the civil authority, wealth was increased atid few complaints were made, evt n by the merchants, on whom all such exactions fall in the first instance. In 1763, Messrs. John Brown, Benjamin Griffith, and Samuel Puiviance, settled in Baltimore; the former from Jersey, hav- ing learned his trade in Wilminu;ton, erected a pottery on Gay street, the latter, who came from Donegal, erected a distillery on the corner of Water and Commerce streets, with a wharf j Early History of Baltimore. 25 Mr, Griffith, who came from New Castle county, having^ pur- chased Fell's lot adjoining the bridpfe, rebuilt it by contract, and thence it was, to distinguish it from the others when after- wards built, called by his name. A new tobacco inspection house was erected on Mr. Harrison's grounds, near what is now the south-west intersection of Water and South streets, and a powder magazine on the Falls side, under the hill, near the north-east corner of Monument Square.* The town commissioners took the lot on the north of Balti- more street and west of Gay street, on lease of Mr. Harrison, at eijrht pounds sterling per" annum, for a market house, which was built by the subscription of>he citizens principally.! In 1764, Mr. William Spear, who came from Lancaster, took the water lot near Gay street, and wharfing out about a thou- sand feet, to a small island, erected a bakery there. In 1765, Captain Chailes Ridgely and Mr. Griffith purchased water lots of Mr. Fell, west of the public wharf; the latter building a wharf and warehouse, which was the first there ; and Mr. Benjamin Nelson, shipwright, who had moved from Charles- town, Cecil county, established a shipyard in Hhilpot street; three years after/Mr. Isaac Grieat, also from Cecil, took the waterlot east of the public wharf. The ensuing year, Captain George Patton, who came from Ireland, erected the wharf on the west end of the point, and three years after, Mr. Jesse Hol- lingsworth another on the east. The remainder of the water lots being chiefly taken and improved in the meantime, by Messrs. Furviance, Wells, Smith, Mackie and Vanbibber, "the Point" contained all the artisans and articles requisite for. building and fitting vessels, and was already a rival of the Town. Mr. Hollingsworth, from Elkton, and Mr. Vanbibber from Charlestown, Cecil county, joined by their brothers, afterwards moved from the Point to the Town, and made other considerable impiovements. The first settlers were, in fact, at great loss to determine in which part to buy, as most likely to improve, and those who had sufficient means or enterprize, generally took lots both in Town and Point. Mr. Cornelius Howard, from part of the tract of land then lately re-surveyed, added thirty- five acres of it to the town, in- cluding the streets called Conway and Barre, after those suc- cessful opponents of the stamp act in the British parliament. About 1764, the Presbyterians erected a cliurch on East, now Fayette street, corner of Nor>t. In 1795, it was removed and a better one erected. It is stfll generally remembered as a fine building. It was in turn /1861) removed to make room for the new U. S. Court-bouse. "^ . * Near where the Hattle Monument stands. t Sherwood & Co.'s printing office, and other well-known establish- ments, have been located on this corner for many years. 3 26 Early History of Baltimore. In 1765, a law was passed to compel the owners to Jill up the marnh between Fredericjc stree* and the Falls, and nine commis- sioners appointed to lay it off as an addition to the town ; a law was also passed prescri'binoj a quarantine at the discretion of the governor, on all passenger ships infected by diaeaaes, and another relating to the roads of the county. In this year, 1766, died Mr. Edward Fell; In 1767," Mr. Adair, who was sheriff, resided in the house at the corner of Baltimore and South streets, which was about that time struck by lightning, and a Mr. Kichaidson, of Annapolis, killed. Such" had now been the increase of the town, and the inconvenience to which tht inhabitants were subjected in attend- incj courts at Joppa, that a law was passed in 17C8, authorizing commissioners to build a court house and prison, "on the upper- most part of Calvert street next Jones' Falls." The former built of brick and two stories high, with a handsome cupola, stood on the spot where the Battle Monument now is, until another court house was erected in 1808. The prison was built of stone, two stories high, and stood on th^ west end of the same lot, adjacent to St. Paul's street, until the present county- jail was built, in 1800. The same commissioners were directed to sell the court house and prison at Joppa, the courts being accommodated in the meantime in the Hall erected for public assemblies over the mar- l-et, and the prisoners lodged in alogbuild*^^ near Mr. Chamier, the sheriff's house, on the east side of soWi Frederick street. The subscription towards building the court house, amounting to near 900 -pounds currency, chiefly by inhabitants of the town, did not reconcile the people on the north and east sides of the county, and the removal of the records by the clerk of the county, was attinded with some violence and outrage. A society formed by Messrs. David Shields, James Cox, Ge- rard Hopkins, George Lindenberger, John Deaver and others, aided by a general subscription, procured an engine for the ex- tinguishment of fires, in 1769, which was called ^' The Mechanical Company." This was the first machine of the kind here. The first engine cost $264. At tills time, Dr. Stevenson converted his new and elegant house, which on that account was called Stevenson's folly, to the very laudable purpose of a small-pox infirmary, by appropri. ating part of it for the reception of young gentlemen whom he inoculati d successfullv before the practice had become general. The exports from Virginia and Maryland at this time inclu- ded 85.000 hogsheads of tobacco, and from the middle colonies 751 240 bushels of wheat, 45,868 tons flour and bread ; the amount of all the imports into England from the two first men- tioned colonies $4,401,820, exports $3,779,061. There was, therefore, an apparent' gain to Virginia and Maryland of above $600,000, but the surplus went to the greater importing and manufacturing inhabitants of the east. Early Bintory of Baltimore. 27 Messrs, McNabb, Walsh, Stenson, Houk, Hillen, Brown. Whe- lan. with the French emip:rants and others, Roman Catholics, having sometime before obtained the lot of Mr. Carroll, erected apart of St. Peter's ( hapel on Saratoga street in 1770; but they had no settled priest until the arrival of the Rev. Mr. Charles Seu-all, ten years after. By a ludicrous suit against Ganganelli, Pope of Rome, for want of other defendant, to recover the advances of Mr. McNabb, who had become a bankrupt, the church was closed at the com- mencement of the revolution, and the congregation assembled in a pi ivate house in siuth Charles street, until possession was recovered. This was sooner than' was expect-ed, by the address of Captain Galbraith's company of volunteei- militia, who were guarding some Scotch malcontents from North Carolina, but desirous not to omit worship insisted upon being marched di- rectly to the church, of which some were members, and demanded and obtained the key. In 1771. an act of assembly was passed, "to prevent the ex- portation of flour, staves and shingles not merchantable, and to « regulate the weight of hay and measures of grain, salt, flaxseed, and firewood." y/ The commissioners of the town were authorised to appoint the inspectors. Mr, Jonathan Hanson, son "f the former gentleman of that name who had erected the third, fourth, and fifth mills on the Falls, .was appointed inspector of flour, which continued to be sold by weight until after the revolution. Messrs. Cumberland Dugan and Lemuel Cravath, from Boston, and the latter the first New England gentleman who settled here, traded largely thence; Mr. Dugan, who had gone from Ireland and married "at Boston, took a lot on Water street and built a house obliquely with the street but parallel with the shore, near Cheapside ; about this time also, Mr. William Moore built a stone house at the south east corner of South and Water streets. South street, originally an alley of sixteen anc^ a half feet, was now widened from Baltimore street to the water. Amon^ the number ol^hose who arrived and carried on trade from Baltimore about^is period, besides others mentioned, w^re Messrs. Hercules Courtenay, James Clarke, Thomas Usher, /am/^ M'Henry, David Williamson, David Stewart, Daniel Car- y^olC David Plunkett, James Cheston, John Ashburner, Matthew v'Ridh-y, Wm. Russell, Thomas Russell, Jcmathan Hudson, Robert Walsii, Mark Fiingle, James Somervel, Thomas Place/ John Riddle, Charles Garts, Wm. Neil and Johnson Gildert, ^d from other States or "other parts of this, Messrs. John McKiui, George Woolsey, James Calhoun, William Aisquith, Joseph Magolhn and Henry Schaeffe; and different trades or manufactures were established by other gentlemen, who lately arrived from other pans of the country or from Europe, viz; Messrs. Geoige Lindenberger, Barnett Eichelberger, Francis Sanderson, Rich- ard Lemmon, Jacob Walsh, William Wilson, George Presst- Early History of Baltimore. man, Richardson Stewart, Robert Steuart, Englehard Yeiser, Christopher HuofheSj also Mr. John Cornthwait, who established atanyard on Wilkes street, the west side of Harford run, and Mr. William Smith, who established a rope-walk near Bond street, which was the first, except that of Mr. Lux's, but several tanvards had been established on the west side of the Falls, smove and below Gay street, at or before this period. / The members of the bar who resided here, were Robert Alex- ^ ander, Jeiemiah T. Chase, benjamin Nicholson, Thomas Jones, George Chalmers, Robert Smith of W., Robert Buchanan of W., Francis Curtis and David McWechin, Esqs. The practicing physicians in and near the town, were Doctors Lyon, Hultz, Stenhouse, Weisenthall, Pue, Stevenson, Boyd, C'raddock, Haslet, Gray and Coulter. Messrs. Moale and Steiger were authorized, at a session in June, 1773, to add eighteen acres of ground lying between Bridge (now Gay) and Front streets. It was not carried into effect until eight years after, but about eighty acres of Plow- man, Philpot and Fell's lands were added to the town on the east. « The markets were regulated by law, and the commissioners authorized to hire stalls, appoint a clerk, &c. Hitherto the relief afforded the poor was determined by the justices, who levied annually from 400 to 1200 pounds of tobacco for each person, and there were above 200 at this time, who re- ceived the_ value of their levies themselves, or by th*" hands of some reputable neighbor, as was the practice in ail' the counties until within a few years. The system was liable to great abuses and had become very burdensome, so that the government loaned 4,000 pounds to the county, .and Messrs. C. Ridgeley, William Lux, John Moale, William Smith, Samuel Purviance, Andrew Buchanan and H. D. Gough, being appointed Trustees of the Poor, erected a house on north Howard street. The same law provided for the employment of the poor, as well as a work- house for vagrants, and the relief being determined by the discre- tion of the Trustees, no certainty was|afiorded to tempt idlers; experience soon proved the benefits m the system, and it has undergone no material change in this respect. The house caught fire accidentally, on the 18tii September, 1776, and was mostly consumed, but was, except a cupola, re- built and the west wing afterwards added. About 1773, Gay street bridge was rebuilt of wood, and a new one erected at Baltimore street, first of stone, which gave way . when finished and the centres removed, and then of wood, and on Water street for the first time, another of wood ; to the two last of which it was necessary to raise causeicaya from Frederick street acrons the mamh. On the 20th of August, Mr. William Goddard, printer, of Rhode Island, moved from Philadelphia and commenced the publication of iha first news^iaper, which was issued once a week, Early History of Baltimore. 29 under the title of "Maryland Journal and Baltimore Adver- tiser," from a house in South street, east side, near the corner of Baltimore street; until which time it was usual to take the papers from and send advertisements to either Annapolis or Philadelphia. The importance of the trade and intercourse had already pro- duced tiie establishment of a line of packets and stacres, by the head of Elk river, to and from Philadelphia, and a cofiee-house or hotel was opened at the Point. Messrs. Douglass and Hallam had presented the inhabitants with some theatrical performances, in a warehouse which stood at the north-west corner of Baltimore and Frederick streets, and now encouraged by the friends of the drama erect a small Theatre, near the intersection of Albemarle and Water streets, where they performed until the war of the Revolution ; all those amusements being then prohibited, they removed. How- ever, a company, with Mr. Wall, performed in' East Baltimore street in 1781, and Mr. Hallam returned after the war, with Mr. Henry, and built another Theatre near Queen (now Pratt) street, to accommodate the Town and Point. Until this period, the hills on which the Cathedral and Hos- pital are erected, and the grounds west of Greene stieet, where Mr. Lux had established a rope-walk, and the south shore of the river from Lee street, where Mr. Thomas Morgan set up the frame of a ship, to the fort point, were covered with forest trees or small plantations. The grounds between the Town and Point, cabled Philpot's Hill, remained an open common. A pub- lic annual fair was held on Mr, Howard's grounds between Lib- erty and Greene streets, where races were also run, before the Revolution. Most of the timber fell a prey to the wants of ne- cessitous inhabitants during the cold winters of 1779 and 1783 and improvements did not commence even on Mr. Philpot's grounds for some years after. Messrs. John and Charles Wesley had visited Georgia as mis- sionaries in 1735, but soon returned to England. In 1740, Mr. John Whitfield arrived there and passed through Baltimore on several visits to the north. But now several followers of John Wesley having visited Baltimore, among whom was Rev. Fi-an- cis Asbury, a suciety was formed and a church erected in 1773, in Strawberry alley, and the next year part of the same society erected another chui'ch in Lovely lane. Two yeais atter, on the twenty-first of May, the preachers held their first conference in this town, three fori((pr being held in Philadelphia; but the so- ciety was yet only an auxiliary to other churches. Messrs. Griffith, Shields, Lemmon, Presstman, McKim, Cox, and others, buy a lot and erect a church on Front* street tor the Bajjti>it society, the Rev. John Davis, from Harford, pfiiciating * Corner of Fayette, where the shot tower is now built. 3* 30 Early Hintory of Baltimore. occasionally, but thffey were not regularly constituted until 1785, when the Kev. Lewis Richards was chosen minister. The German Lutherans, with the aid of a lottery, which was not then considered wrong, erected a new church in Fish (now Saratoga) street, the Rev. Mr. Gerock being their pastor. In the course of the next year, 1775, Mr. John Dun lap, of Philadelphia, established a weekly paper by the title of " Dun- lap's Maryland Gazette." Early in this year a few gentlemen undertook a census of the town, and it was found that there were 564 houses, and 5,934 persons of all desciiprions. In 1774, the citizens of Baltimore took part in the struggle for American liberty, voting nearly a thousand pounds for the purchase of arms and ammunition, and appointed a " Com- mittee of Observation," who, imitating the committees in other f)laces, determined not only to pro:dbit the use of Tea, but the anding of English salt, unless a duty of two pence per bushel was paid for the use of the Bostonians. Pursuant to a recommendation of Congre^, the committee prohibited the fair then approaching, by desiring the inhabi- tants to abstain from such assemblages, as well as horse-racing, cock-fighting, &c. Several members of the German or Dutch Presbyterian So- ciety, attached to the Kev. William Otterbein, formed a separate religious societV) which they distinguished by the name of the *' German Evangelical Reformed," and they purchased a lot where their present church is, on Conway street, and \^jorshiped in a small house there. * Before the iDth of April, when the battle of Lexington took place, the town had formed several companies of each desci'ip- tion of arms, and every exertion was made to procure ammuni- tion. Amongst others General Buchanan, the Lieutenant of the county, uistinguished himself by his zeal, and took command of a company of gentlemen of riper years, and a company of their sons and others, mostly unmarried, who armed and equipped themselves in an elegant scarlet uniform, put themselves under the command of Captain (afterwards General) Gist, Lieutenant Thomas Evving, and other officers, who, with some of' the pri- vates, became distinguished in different commaftds in the regular service afterwards, being trained by Mr. Richard Carey, adju- tant, who had arrived from JNew England, and had been a mem- ber of "the Ancient Artillery Couipanv," of Boston, then lately commanded by John Hancock, E^dJ^ first President of Congress. The county was also directed to furnish five companies of minatii men. Several gentlemen joined the army befoie Boston, amongst others Aiesssrs. Richaid Carey, David Hopkins and James Mcllenry — the latter became surgeon. It was soon discovered that it would be highly essential to the safety of the town, to erect a fort on Whetstone Point j a water Early History of Baltimore. • 31 battery, planned by Mr. James Alcock, was commenced under the superinteudence of Messrs. Griest, Gritfith and Lindenber- ger, Captain N. Smith commandino; the artillery there. Three .massive chains of wrought iron, passing through float- ing blocks, weie stretched across the river, leaving a small pas- sage only, on the side next the fort, and the channel was protected by sunken vessels also. The inhabitants of Baltimore town were now invited to par- ticipate directly in the government of the State, and chose two delegates for the Assembly. JS'otice of an election of a convention to form a constitution of the State, was published the 3d July, 1776, to be held the 5th August, for the freemen, ^'except such as have been published att enemies to this country," to attend and give in their votes. There appeai s to have been 472 votes taken. By a census taken of the Puint, the population there consisted of 821 persons, 146 of whom were masters of families or house-keepers. In the meantime, that is, on the 22d July, the Declaration of Independence was proclaimed at the court house, at the head of the independent companies and' the several companies of the militia, with the discharge of cannon, and, says the editor of the Journal, " with universal acclamations for the prosperity of the United States." In the evening the town was illuminated, and an etiigy of the late King, which had been paraded through the sfreets, was publicly burned. The Congress of the United Colonies assembled in Baltimore on the 2(JLh of December, 1776, and occupied a house at the south-east corner of Baltimore and Liberty streets, being then the farthest west and one of the largest built in the town, and was a long time called Congress Hall.* The Committee of Observation being superseded by the offi- cers of the new government, and fears being entertained by some, that the ordinary course of law would be inefficient to secure the triumph of liberty, there was a private society, called the Whig Club, organized this year, to detect violators of the law, as they declared, which vexed the citizens unnecessarily,, perhaps. The pacific doctrine of'the Methodists, like that of the Qua- kers, caused the English preachers amongst them to be suspected of dangerous political views, and Mr. Asbury himself was taken i near town and tined; and afterwards going over the Bay, quit, preaching and lived in retirement in Delaware some time. Thet conscientious scruples of the ministers of the late establishmentp, relative to the form of prayer for the new instead qf the oldl government, of the Quakers, Methodists, preachers, and others,, subjected them to pay the treble tax imposed on non-jurors, or- leave the country, as most of the rectors and ministers of thes- es tab lis hmentdid^ » * Elegant warehouses are now erected on thia spot, occupied by/ Hai'u^eu's Express, i^c, &c. 32 Early History of Baltimore. Mr. Goddard, the printer, became obnoxious for the freedom of his remarks, and was constantly alarmed, by the interference of the club in his case j he was formally censured by the Legislature during the first session, and Governor Johnson issued a procla mation for his protection. It was now found that topsail schooners, sailing best upon a wind, and adapted to the use of sweeps in chasing, were most likely to escape the heavy ships of the enemy. Amongst the first of the kind fitted out here was the Antelope, built at N. Point creek, by Mr. J. Fearce, for Messrs. John Sterett and others, and armed with fourteen guns, under the command of Captain Jeremiah Yellott, who was himself an Englishman, lately settled in Baltimore, which made a great many narrow escapes, and some captures, but always fortunate voyages. The Felicity, commanded by Captain Fredeiick Fol- ger, who had been first officer of the Antelope, was scarcely less successful. However, the ship Buckskin, Captain Johns, who had the commission of a Lieutenant in the navy from Congress afterwards, the Nonsuch, Captain C. Wells, and some other vessels, safely went to and returned from France. Early in 1778, Count Pulaski's Legion of cavalry and infantry, raised partly in this State, was organized here. British goods having become scarce, several manufactures, which had been prohibited in the colonies, were now established in or near this tovrn. Among others, a bleach yard )^ xMr. Riddle ; a linen factory by Mr. McFadon ; a paper mill by Mr. Goddard; a slitting mill by Mr. Whetcroft; a card factory by Mr. McCabe; a woollen and linen factory by Mr. Charles Car- roll; a nail factory each by Mr. Geo. Matthews and Mr. Rich- ardson Stewart ; Mr. Charles Williams carried on the dyeing business, and Mr. William Stenson, who had sometime kept a -coffee-house near the corner of HoUiday and Fayette streets, opened another on a modern and extensive scale, at the south- west corner of South and Baltimore streets. About 1780, a new Episcopal church was erected in front of 'the old one, and a law procured to open the street in front of it, •called New Church, now Lexington street, on the south side of ^ which the vestry leased out lots. On the 9th July, some of the people, ofiended at Mr. Goddard ifor the part he took in favor of General Charles Lee, after the 'decision of the court-martial which suspended that officer, Mr. ' Goddard was persuaded to sign a public recantation, which he • afterwards disclaimed, but saved himself by it from personal abuse; from which, however, one or two persons who defended -him did not escape, as they were put into the cart intended for • him and carried about the streets. About 1781, the Society of Friends, who until now had held ; their meetings at the house on the Harford road, bought a spa- • cious Ibt, and built a meeting-house, between Baltimore and -Pitt streets, where they interred their deceased members. Early History of Baltimore. 33 On the 8th of September, 1781, Gen. Washington, with part of his army, passed through the city on his way to meet Corn- wallis, and was addressed by the citizens. On the 19th of October, Lord Cornwallis capitulated, and his whole army being m'ade prisoners, there remained no longer any doubt but that the independence of the States would soon bea; knovvledged and general peace established. The citizens were soon favored with opportunities, which they joyfully em- braced, to offer their congratulations to the commander-in-chief, the Marquis de Lafayette, and others, who had had a share in the glorious event. The 13th of December was appointed, and kept, as a day of general thanksgiving. In 1782, Eutaw and Lexington streets were laid out, also a spacious lot for a public market, which was improved and ap- propriated to that purpose twenty years after. Col. Howard, the owner, appropriated another spacious lot of ground on Bal- timore street west of Eutaw, for the use of the State, should the General Assembly accept and make it the seat of govern- ment within that period ; though an effort was made to carry the removal in the House of Delegates at the same session, it was rejected by a vote of twenty to nineteen, and has failed as often as it was proposed, as well during the twenty years lim- ited as afterwards. Until this time, none of the streets of Baltimore town, except here and there on the side-ways, were paved j and the main street especially, from the depth of soil, was actually impassable some part of the spring and fall seasons, from the market house at Gay street to Calvert street. Commissioners were therefore empowered to "direct and superintend the leveling, pitching, paving and repairing the streets and repairing the bridgecs," to begin with Baltimore street, in part, and then from place to place as circumstances required. The owners of lots, on streets to be paved, to pay %\.%6% per foot front, on lanes or alleys half price. An auction duty was laid, Major Thomas Yates being appointed first and sole auctioneer, a tax on public exhi- bitions, to be licensed by the Commissioners, and 33>3 cents per hundred on the assessed property, with an annual Lottery to- wards defraying the expenses. The same law prescribed the extent of porches and cellar doors, the breadth of carriage wheels, and removal of nuisances or obstructions in the streets or harbor. Little change of limits was effected for many years, until the population of the precincts had become equal to a'third of the city itself. In 1782, a line of stage coaches was commenced between Philadelphia and Baltimore. Count Rochambeau, returning with his army from Yorktown, nalted in Baltimore, and some of his troops remained until the close of the war. 34 Early History of Baltimore. ^ The Town was then said to contain 8.000 inhabitants, having eight phices of worship, viz : Episcopalian, Presbyterian, Lu- theran, Dutch 'Calvinists, Roman Catholics, Baptists, Quakers, and Methodists, that is one for each society. At that time there was no public wharf •but that of about 100 feet on Calvert street and no private wharves ext nded above 200 feet, except those of Messrs. Spear, Smith and Buchanan; so that the space occupied by the water was perhaps equal to double the surface of the ^reseitt basin and docks.* Messi's. John and Andrew Ellicott purchased the water lot and extended the wharf on Light street, foi- tilling- of which, they used a drag, and, with a team of horses, drew the oozy sediment from the b.'ttom of the river. They also piocured iron scoops to be used by hand or windlass, with which the same operation is perfoi-med, and was improved by Messrs. Ciuse and Colver, with the use of horo'es. By this means, any part of the upper harbor called the basin, is made nine feet deep; the water of the Point, and the river, generally being double that depth at common tides. A company, chiefly composed of citizens of Baltimore, was incorporated[ to make a canal on the Susquthanna. Soon after, the Potomac Canal Company was established, and in 1799, another to make a caiial ti) unite the Chesapeake and Delaware Bays. The defects of the original plan of the Town now became more burdensome, and on the petition of a number of inhab- itants, a law was passed authorizing the Commissioners of the Town to make Hanover lane the width of sixty-six feet. By the consent of the proprietors of the grounds, the commissioners also opened Holliday street to the width of eighty feet, and widened East lane (now in Fayette street) from tioliiday street to Gay street, to foity feet. Holliday street was extended north- wardly fifty feet wide in 1810, and widened to its present breadth in 1865. In 1787, Light lane was w dened to thirty-eight feet and a-half, reserviiiy the house standing on the west f-ide, corner of Bailimore street,] and called Light street, but a street called Walnut street, then bounding tlie Town south-westerly, was entirely closed, and Forrest street, north of Baltimore street, which had been laid out sixty -six feet, was limited to a lane of eighteen, in 1792, when Tammany and Chatham streets, now part of Fayette street, were opened to the widtli of forty feet. Charles street was extended across two o: three docks from Cam- den to Barre street in 1796, and the docks filled up, and from thence Goodman street was opened south. Sharping la .e was widened to forty-nine and a half feet from Gay to South streets, and called Second street, of which it was an extension, in 1798. On the 16th of May, 1783, i\lr. John Hayes commenced the * See [ilan, pa^e 17. t This house remained till 1861. Early Bistory of Baltimore. 35 Publication of the paper entitled, "the Maryland Gazette.", his paper with the Journal, then edited by Messrs. Goddard & Ano^el, crave way to others, and the number has been increased successively. The ensuino^ vvilrter proved exceedinofly severe ; the Bay was closed by ice almost to the mouth of it, and the haibnr, which closed the 2d January, was not clear to admit vessels until the 25th March, nor then, but with much labor in cuttino: passasres, which was sixteen days later than in 1780. At both periods much injury was sustained by the shippino: in the Bay, and on the coast, and considerable sums collected to reffeve the poor. It was Stat' d that the winter had been very moderate in Nova Scotia, while at New Orleans, the Mississippi river was fast closed by ice, which had not been known there before. Happifj there has not occurred here such severe winters since, the navi- gation beino^ g^enerally open until the 5th of January, and sel- dom closed after the lOth of February, but sometimes open all the year. William Murphy, a bookseller, succeeded in establishinj? a circulatinoj library, south side of Market, one door east of Cal- vert street, which was soon after purctiased and continued by Mr. Huo-h Barkleyi The Marquis de Lafayette, visiting General Washinpfton, was entertained here by a public dinner the first of September, and received and politely answered a cong-ratulatory addiess from the citizens; at which time the Leo:islature declared the Mar- quis and his heirs, male, forever citizens of Maryland. Provision was made for lig-htinjr the streets, and the Town Commissioners, clothed with the authority of justices, pursuant to law passed this year, appointed three confitaUes and fourteen tcatrhvien,* to cruard the town. The old market, on the corner of Baltimore and Gay streets, had become wholly insufficient; ^reat divisions took pla"e in locating a new one, and situations on Lip;htand Holliday streets were proposed and preferred by many, but the executors of Mr. Harrison, offerinof to appropriate the space in Harrfson street, intended oriprinally for a canal or dock, to that purpose, the in- habitants of the districts subscribed money to erect a mai'ket house there. As this would not accommodate the inhabitants on Howard's hill, they also subscribed to erect one at the north- west corner of Hanover and Camden streets. The Legislature then ordered the old one to be sold ; the proceeds to be applied, three-fourths for the Centre market, and one-foui-th for the Hanover market, to aid them, and extended the old refrulations to each; the fiist to hold the markets as before, on Wednesdays and Saturdays,^ the other on Mondays and Thursdays. In the meantime the inhabitants of the Point proceeded to erect a market house on a space appropriated to the purpose by Mr. * Increased in 1790 to 45, and in 1866 to 350. ■ 36 Early History of Baltimore. !3Fell, holding their markets on Tuesdays and Fridays, which the ;Leg:islatare confirmed the year after. The Lexington market was erected pursuant to law by the Western Precincts in 1803, and another was provided for the Eastern Precincts in 1807, 'though not erected till 1819. • The proprietors of ground on Calvert street and in the >meadow, then north of the Falls, desirous to extend that street, raised a sum of money to underpin the court house* by three arches. Having obtained permission of the Legislature, they at once effected it, removing the earth to the depth of twenty feet; and so it continued to stand, a curious monument of the ingenuity of Mr. Leonard Harbaugh, the architect, as well as of the enterprise of the contributors, who guaranteed the work- manship to stand more than twenty years. A new survey v/as now ordered to be made of the Town, and "the inhabita#ts began to discuss the necessity of a charter. Messrs. Garts an-d Leypold erected a sugar refinery on Peace alley, the east side of Hanover street, between Conway and Camden street; and John Frederick Anielung, Esq., arrived with a nuuiber of glass manufacturers from Germany, and erect- ed an extensive factoi-y on the Monocacy, Avhich was in 1799 established on the south side of the basin by his son. On Christmas day, 1784, the first jjrand Conference of the Wefeleyan Society was held in Baltimore, when Dr. Thomas Coke, -assisted by other preachers, constituted a new church, and on the presentation of preachers to the number of sixty, conferred the station of superintendent on the Rev. Mr. Francis Asbury ; and the next year the Society sold the church in Lovely lane, and built a new church on Light street. John O'Doflnel!, Esf;., ai-rived from Canton in the ship P.allas, 9th Auo-ust, with a full caigo of China goods, being the first direct importation from thence into this port, the value of which he realized here ; and legular packets to and from Norfolk, (Va.,) w^ere established by Capt. Joseph White- and others of this place. Mr. Harrison's warf, before spoken of, was extended each side of South street, by the late Daniel Bowley, Esq., one of his executors, and it thence became known by the name of Bowley's ivharf; and the private wharves generality, with Cheapside, were extended. Piles, with the machine for "driving them, were introduced by the builders of wharves. The Xxerman Calvinists erected the church at the east end of Baltimore street bridge, Mr. Boehme being pastor. That part of the congregation attached to Mr. Otterbein, erected the church on Conway street, called Evangelical Reformed. M-hich was slightly injured by lightning the lOtfc of August, 1792, when a young man was killed on Smith's wharf, the opposite side of the basin to the church. The other church was sold to the Epis- copalians in 1795, and the Society erected a church on Second * Erected on the spot now occupied by the Battle Monument. Early Ifintory of Baltimore. 37 street, which was struck by lipchtninj? 15th July.. 1804, on raising the steeple and affixing the town clock.* Col. Howard and Geo. Lux. Esq., presented the commissioners a lot of fjround on the west side of" the town, for the interment of stranjrers. which was sanctioned by the act of Assembly. On tlie 17th Aujrust, 1786, a new theatre, built of wood, by Messrs. Hallam & Henry, corner of Pratt and Albemarle streets, was opened by the old company. On the 5th October there was a j::reat fresh, the current of the Falls beinp: met by the tide, overflowed the Centre market space and nearly all the made ofround and wharves. llaltimore stieet bridge was rebuilt by Mr. Jacob Small, senior, of wood, in one aich, of a sefrment of a circle ninety feet span, the others in the usual way. On the '24th of July, 1788, a storm of wind vnd rain raised the water in the haibor above many wharves, no much property was lost, by beinp: overflowed, but all those „harves have been raised and no such daraap^e has been expe- rienced since. About ten years after the bridges were all rebuilt, with a new one on Pratt street; after the lapse of another ten years, stone bridges, of two arches each, were erected on Baltimore and Gay streets, and, directly after, another of three arches on Pratt street,! the abutments and ^ers resting on piles ; the commissioners not succeeding in an experiment to lay the foundations in stone at Baltimore street. By a considerable freshet on the 9th of August, 1817, the ■wooden biidges on Bath and "Water streets were floated against the stone ones on Gay and Pratt streets, which were considerably injured by tlie obstructions to the passage of the water, and the Centre Market again overflowed. An entire new stone bridge,! of one arch, was afterwards erected at Gay street, and the other repaired. In 1836, another freshet occurred, by which several lives were lost. None of those freshets are attended by hurricanes, nor has the buildings or shipping ever suff"ered any mateiial injury from wind or hail at this place. According to reports in th°: Gazette of this year, there were entered here fifteen ships, fifty-seven brigs, and one hundred and sixty schooners and sloops; and there were cleared twenty ships, fifty-seven brigs, and one hundred and fifty schooners and sloops, to and from foreign ports and places only. The Baltimore Fire Insurance Company was incorporated, but this was succeeded by another company, called the *• Maryland Fire Insurance Company," four years' after, and this was suc- ceeded by another, of the former name, in 1807. In the mean- * In 1864, this old landmark (the Second street church) was ordered to i)e removed to make way for the extension of Holliday street. .The gum received for this property enables the congregation to build two churches in other parts of the city. t Iron bridges have since superseded these. 4 Early History of Baltimore. itime, that is in 1794, the "Equitable Society" for mutual : insurance was incorporated; and in 1816, the Phoenix Fire In- surance Company; but, when the first company was chartered, provision was also made by law for regulating the transporta- tion through the town and storage of gunpowder. The York and Falls' road were severally granted to corporate companies, created in 1804, and soon completed, and since that the Washington, Havre de Grace, and Harford Road Companies have been incorporated; indeed all the main roads to and from the city. It was also in 1787, that Baltimore street was ex- tended westwardly of Paca street, and an attempt was made to raise a company to introduce into the town a copious supply of wholesome water by pipes, not effected for several years. In December, Cokesbury College, in Harford county, was opened and soon after incorporated. Mr. Asbury, and the coun- cil of the Methodist church, make some progress in establishing Sunday Schools, for persons of all descriptions, free of expense. On the 31st of December, 1787, Mr. D. Stodder was robbed between Town and the Point, but by his pursuit five persons were taken and tried, and two, Donnelly and Moony, condemned . and executed. In 1788, there was a grand procession of workingmen with the ship rigged boat FederMat, wliich Captain Barney navigated to Mouut Vernon afterwards, and presented to Gen. Washing- ton, on the part of the merchants of Baltimore. At the entrance of Chester river, on the 17th of May, at night. Captain John de Corse, of the packet, was murdered by two ruffians he bad taken on board here as passengers. The T-essel was brought back to the middle branch and abandoned. Exertions were made to discover the murderers, which resulted in the arrest of Patrick Cassidy, who had forfeited his pardon for former offences by remaining in the State, and was, with one John Webb, another convict;, executed some time after. On the sixth of July, the lightning killed a woman and two children between the Town and Point. In March, Samuel Pur- viance, Esq., formerly Chaifinan of the Committee of this Town, and member of the Convention of 1774, whilst descend- ing the Ohio, with others, was made captive by the Indians and l^ut to death soon after, as was reported and believed. On the *25th of October, died in town, aged sixty-five years, the Rev. John S. Gerock, first uiinister of the German Lutheran Con- gregation, being sometime assisted and afterward succeeded by the Rev. Daniel Kurtz. General Washington having been unanimously chosen Presi- dent of the United States, passed through Baltimore the 17th of April, 1789, on his way to Congress at New York. On this occasion he was entertained at supper by the citizens, andj to the address delivered him, he replied, '' tlie tokens of regard and affection which I have often received from the citizens of this toion, loere ahcays acceptable, because I believed them, always sin- Early Hintory of lialtimore. ' 39 cere," &c., adding: this declaration, by the strict adherence to which he secured for his memory that reverence which is now and probably will ever be paid to true merit by civilized man : *' Having undektaken the task from a sense of duty, no fear of encountering difficulties, and no dread of losing popularity, shall ever deter me from pursuing what i conceive to be the true interests of my country." A great many persons joined the Methodist congregation, and for the first titne a preacher was stationed in the town, and a new church built by that society on Exeter, near Gay street. Messrs. Englehard Yeiser, and others, OAA'ning the grounds, cut a new channel for the Falls from the lower mill at Bath street, aci^ss the meadow to Gay street bridge; of which channel the bounds were fixed by ordinance of the city in 1803, and the old conrne of the Falls, by the court house, ;/radually filled up. After which it became a dispute to \*hom the 'ground thus made be- longed, which was finally divided between the parties owning the adjoining lands, w'here there were distinct owners. A society for promoting the "abolition of slavery, and for the relief of free negroes, and others, unlawfully held in bond- age," was organized, of which Philip Rogers, Esq., was chosen President, and Mr. Joseph Townsend, Secretary; but some op- position on the part of the State Legislature, in 1792, caused them to discontinue; upon which they transferred the building they had erected on Sharp stret-t, for an African School, to the religious people of color, who made additions to it. Another society, called the Protection Society, was formed in 1817, which was intended nearly for the same objects. Of this society, Elislm Tyson, of the Society oF Friends, was a most active member. v/ The Rev. Dr. John Carroll, who, in the early part of the Revolution had been employed, with others, in a political em- bassy t ) the Canadians, by Congress, on the application of the Catholic clergy, was consecrated in England a Bishop of that church, to reside in Baltimore, and returned here in 1790. In 1790, a small chapel was built on the Point, wliich was suc- ceeded by St. Patrick's church, on Point Market street,* in 1807. The German Catholics erected the church on Saratoga street, in 1799, and St. Mary's, a Catholic church at the College, of which Maximilian Godfrey, Esq., was architect, was finished in 1807. Uflder the auspices of the Bishop, the foundation of the Cathedral near Charles street, the design of which was fur- nished by Benjamin H. Latrobe, Esq., was laid i n 180G ; and four years after the Bishop became an Archbishop. According to a list published, the sea vessels belonging to this port, in 1790, consisted of twenty-seven ships, 6,701 tons ; one scow, 80 tons ; thirty-one brigs, 3,770 tons ; thirty-four schoon- ers, 2,454 tons; and nine sloops, 559 tons — together 102 vessels, 13,5G4 tons. * Now Broadway. 40 Early Hi-^tory of Baltimore. Accordino^ to the first census taken bv*the General Govern- ment, the population of the city and precincts in 1790 amounted to 13.503 persons of all descriptions, viz: white males, 6,422; females, 5.503; other free persons, 3'23; slaves, 1,255. In the fall of 1789 and sprino: of 1790, there lajred throughout the country, commencino: at the South, an epidemic, called the iujliienza, M'hich was fatal in some instances. It wm I'emarked that the summer of the former year had been uncommonly- warm, the mean temperature of the air at Philadelphia for Sep- tember, beings 75 dejjrees, and for October 63 degrees, with great drought; and that, like the y.ellow fever which followed, it was contagious in the atmosphere but not by personal com- munication. It was called by some of the faculty an epidemic putrid cold, and was said to be produced by sudden veget^le putrefaction, as the other disease is thought to be. A small church was erected on Pitt street, in 1800, by the Associate Reformed Presbyterians. / The number of Presbyterians increasing, a "Second Presby- ^terian Church," on Baltimore street, was built in 1804. A church was also erected on Fayette street, in 1813. for which the Rev. John M. Duncan was appointed minister; the congre- /gation dispoi-ing of the one on Pitt street to a society of Cove- V* Banters. The Presbyterians, in 1822, erected another called the Third Presb yterian Church, on north Eutaw street. The agents of The French convention, at Cape Francois, hav- ing tendered their liberty to such slaves as should take arms against the former government of Hispaniola, General Galbaud and Admiral Gambis attacked the town, and it was plundered and burned by the seamen and negroes on the tvventy-tirgt of June; and on the ninth of July, /?/^^-/^>ee ressels, bearing about 1,000 white and 500 people of color, lleeing from the disaster, ar- rived in Baltimore. Many were quartered in the houses of the citizens, who, besides, subscribed above $12,000 for the relief of such as were destitute. Those more fortunate, who biought capital, entered into trade, others introduced new arts or culti- vation in the neighborhood, and with succeeding arrivals from the southern and western parts of the Island, contributed to increase the wealth as well as the population of the town. In 1793, Messrs. Thomas Yates and Daniel Bowley commenced their improvements on the water between the Falls and Harford run. Messrs. Cumberland Dugan ahd Thomas McEider;y com- menced their wharves below the Centre market, extending from Water street to the north side ()f the channel, a distance of 1,600 feet. Nine years after Judjfe Chase commenced his wharf binding on the west side of the F.tlls. The subject of a city charter, which had occupied the writers in the papers, and the citizens gen^ir-allv, for near ten years, was taken up by the Legislature in 1793,"^ and an Act passed for consideration, "but the inhabitants of the Point, and the me- chanical, the carpenters' and republican societies, then lately Early Histoi-i/ of Baltimore. 41 formed for other purposes, took part in opposition, and it was not carried into effect. Tliere was an effort made by a number of merchants to open an Exchano^e for the transaction of business, and buildings at the south-west corner of Water and Commerce streets were fitted up and used for the purpose, but after sometime dis- continued. Several Lodfjcs of Free Masons had been established in Balti- more, under the Grand Lodr in proportion to the exigrency — to feel that honorable as- cendancv you have obtained in the well-founded opinion of your fellow-citizen?, by a wise administration, and the exercise of the virtues of a private ITfe. and to suppres's our admiration and acknowledgment would be wanting: to our own individual sensa- tion, and the just expectation of those we represent. Permit, therefore, the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore, amongrst the first exercises of their corporate capacity, to {^ratify themselves and their constitut-nts, in the sincere expressions of regrret for your' retirement ; their lively g:ratitude for your pub- lic service's: their affectionate attachment to your private character: their heartfelt farewell to your person and family ; and their unceasing: solicitude for your temporal and eternal happiness. In behalf of the Corporation of the City of lialti- more. James Caluoun, Mayor. To which was returned the following reply : To the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore— GESThviizn : I receive with g:rateful*sensibility the honor of your address. To meet the plaudits of my fellow-citizens for the part'I have acted in public life, is the hig:hest reward next to the conscious- ness of having: done my duty to the utmost of my abilities, of which my mind is susceptible — and I pray you to accept my sincere thanks for the evidence you have now f(iven me, of your approbation of my past services — for those rejrrets which vou have expressed on the ocHision of my retirement to private life, and for the affectionate attachment'you have declared for ray person. Let me reciprocate most cordially, all the pood wishes you havefjeen pleased to extend to me and my family, for our temporal and eternal happiness. Geouge Washington. The frig:ate Constellation, of 36 g:un8. was built at Ilarris' Creek, and Thomas Truxton, Esq., appointed commander. Cap- 44 Early Hixtory of Baltimore. tain David Porter, Rr., established a sigrial house on Federal ^Hill, opposite but near to and in sight of the town, by vvhfoh the approach of public and private vessels to the Bodkin and North Point was immediately known. A conj^regation of Baptists, attached to the Rev. John Healy, erected a small church on the Point, which was succeeded by the one in Fleet street, in 1811, and all that society being pre- viously united, was called the Second Baptist Church. The Society in and near Baltimore formed an association, called "The Baltimore Association,"* and met here occasionally; and soon after, that is 1798, Trustees of the First Church were in- corporated. /It was also in 1797. a subscription was got up for a Hall for V dancing, and the building was erected in Holliday street, which was called the Assembly Room, Mr. George Keating "published a small plan of the city, and two years after another was published by Mr. Charles Varle, which included some of the environs. In 1807, wooden buildings were prohibited from being erected in the central and improved parts of the city, by ordinance, a prohibition which has been extended since. The property of the city, subject to taxes, was valued at £699.519 9.S-. 2d. The Roman Catholics established an academy near the inter- section of Franklin and Greene streets, in 1791, to which con- .siderable additions w^ere made in 1804, aided by a lotterv. In 1799, the Rev. John Hargrove, who had espoused the doctrines of Baron Swedenborg, and others of that faith, erected the "New Jerusalem Temple," a small chapel,! at the corner of Baltimore and Exeter streets, which was dedicated the ensuing year. Heretofore the citizens had witnessed much confusion and . tuibulence. by the multitudes of people assembled- at elections for the town and county, the Legislature therefore changed the Constitution in this respect, by dividing both into districts, the wards of the city serving for districts within the same; two years after, the manner of voting was limited to ballots, instead of voice, and these seasons ceased to be riotous as they had been. On the petition of the proprietors, Pratt street from Franklin lane, was directed to be opened to the Falls, and it was then op(?ned from Frederick stieet, and %, bridge erected by ordi- nance of the corporation to connect that street with the one called Queen street. J^ratt street had been opened westwardly as earh' as 1795, and in 1811. a law was passed for extending it eastwaidly across * Tin's ntranization declining, a new one was formed, in 1836, called * Man land Bnptist Union Association," now comprising 35 chuiclies. t Removed in 1865, for inaprovements. Early History of BaJtimnre. 45 Cheapside, Hollinj^sworth and EUicott.'s docks, but this was not effected until another was passed in 1816, includinp^ that pait of the new street only, which runs ^'rom Li^ht street to Fi anl<:lin lane ; when another law passed to open and extend North lane which was called Belvidere, now North street; and another, to extend Lombard eastwardly, not carried into efiect till about 1835. At the Falls, North street diverp^es, and the eastern section, called Bekidere road, is connected with the York Road by a wooden bridge of one arch, 170 feet span, built by Mr. L. Wern- wajr, at the expense of the city. By extending and unitin of Christ and Moses, preserved from the fire, as well as a portion of the old wall.-i, form part of the present edifice. It i.< proposed to erect a magnificent Masonic Hall on the lots adjoining this Church on Charles street. Early History of Baltimore. 55 Messrs. Henry Payson, Amos A. Williams, Jsaac Phillips. Cliarles H. Ap- ^^_ pleton, and others, formed ^^ a society and erected a , church at the corner of Charles kn d Franklin streets ;^f which Mr. M. GodtVov was architect. They called it ''the First Independent Church." — Rev. J9,red Sparks was chosen minister. F'RST ind ependemt church In 1817, the FirsJ; Baptist Society erected the commodious circular church in Sharp street. Mr. Robert Mills, architect. Like many of our best public edifices, this church, which is eighty feet in diameter and rough cast, is placed at the inter- section of two streets, but the ground is elevated, and, in other respects, very eligible. Rev. Edmond Reis, who had been assis- tant of the Rev. Mr. Richards some time, became minister; but was succeeded in 1822, bv the Rev. John E. Finley, and part of the congre- fation attached to Ir. Reis, erected the church on north Calvert'^ utreet. On the removal to Sharp street, the church and grounds on Pitt stieet were sold. This new First Baptist Church cost fifty first b aptist chu p CH thousand dollars. In 1834, Rev. S. P. Hill became pastor. He was succeeded, in 1851, by Rev. John W. M. Williams, the pres- ent incumbent. From this church have sprung several others from time to time, among them the Seventh Baptist, (18-17,) corner of Paca and Saratoga streets, of which the Rev. Richaifd Fuller, U.D., has been pastor since its commencement. On the night of the 11th March, 1818, the eastern mail was robbed a few hours after it left the city, and Hare and Alexan- der were convicted of the fact in the United States court, and having put the driver in jeopardy of his life were hung in the jail yard. * Still remaining (18G6) and occupied by 4th German Reformed con- gregation. * 56 Early History of Baltimore. \ Two years after, the same crime was committed on the same road. ag:g-ravated by the murder of the carrier; for which Hut- ton and Hull were convicted in the county §ourt, and suflFered a like ignominious death soon after; and'in 1823, the' mail was ajrain robbed on thf» same road, for which three persons, em- ployed in the neig-hborhood, were sentenced by the United States court to confinement for several years. Richard Caton, Esq., and others, had commenced the manu- facture of copperas, on Magothy river, in 1812, and afterwards, of alum, forming a society which was incorporated in 1818. In the meantime, that is, in 1816, Messrs. Howard Sims, and Isaac Tyson, Jr., erected a laboratory for manufacturing chemical paints, and medicine, on Pratt street, which they afterwards transferred to Washington avenue, and were incorporated at the session of 1823. The number of public carriages licensed, "and in use at this time, was, of hackney-coaches, 100; of carts, 350; drays, 200; and of scows, or lighters, about 20. On the 31st of May, 1821, the Roman Catholic Cathedral, which was began in 1806, was consecrated by the Most Reverend Archbishop Mareschal. This building, suspended by the war, was recommenced in 1817, by funds arising from a sale of the old cemetery on Charles street, part of their grounds ob- tained for the Cathedral itself, on Franklin street, and a Lot- tery, together with individual contributions. The form is a Roman cross, its length on Mulberry street 166 feet, its breadth 77 feet, and across the transepts 115 feet. The diameter of the dome is 69 feet, »nd the elevation 116 feet, all of mason work, on the outside of which is another dome of wood and coppered, hav- ing windows by which light is admitted to the octagon within.* In 1822, a company erected a shot tower on the west side of north Gay street, which was raised more than 160 feet above the ground, but was removed-about 1850. In 1824, Lafa3'ette passed through the city on his celebrated tour. He landed at Fort McHenry, and was conveyed in a ba- rouche up to Eutaw street and thence through Baltimore street, accompanied by a procession of citizens and military. An arch was erected at "the corner of Baltimore and Eutaw streets. The ground now occupied by the "Eutaw House" and other build- inors, was covered with trees, which were thronged with people ■v^o climbed to overlook the pageant, while at the same time a chime of bells was sounding merrily from the old Christ Church, at the east end of Baltimore street bridge. f There are some now who remember the scene. * The building was finally completed in 1865. It is a massive and imposing edifice. t Some years later the church was demolished, and the bells removed to the new Christ Church on the corner of Fayette and Gay streets, where they still remain. Early History of Baltimore. 51 The Indian Queen Hotel, on the corner of Baltimore and Han- over Streets, was a famous hostelry for many years. The Globe Inn, corner of Howard Street, is also well remembered. The Fountain Inn dates back to the Revolution. Barnum's Hotel wai! founded about 1819. The Eutaw House was erected in 183G. In 1828 the corner-stone of the Baltimore a»d Ohio Rail Road was laid, at the viaduct, by Charles Carroll of Carrollton, amid imposincr ceremonies. The procession, representing the trades, etc., was the grandest that ever took place in our city. In 1829 the Baltimore and Susquehanna road was commenced, and in 1836 the road to Philadelphia. In 1834 was issued " The Experiment," by Messrs. J. F. Weis- hampel, sen., and T. J. Beach, which was, we understand, the first daily 2^eny}y paper published here. Several others were after- ward attempted at the same price, but none met with permanent miccess until about 1837, when Messrs. Swain, Abell & Simmons commenced the '' Sun," with which Mr. Beach also subsequently became connected in an editorial capacity. The " Clijjper" by Messrs. Bull & Tuttle, followed, and was continued till 1865, when it was succeeded by the '' Commercial." The "American," a three cent daily of the largest size, dates back to 1801, being the oldest established paper here of any sort. The " Patriot" WAS a popular paper for a number of years, but ceased about 1861. The Sun office was the first iron"^ building erected in the city. It is located corner of Baltimore and South Streets, and aflbrds room for several business establishments, among which is the Book and Newspaper depot of Messrs. Henry Taylor & Co., the most extensive and successful in its line south of Philadel- phia. Mr. Taylor's branch of trade was started here in an humble way about 1840, and has developed with the wonderful increase of newspapers and light literature since that time. The regular Book and Stationery Trade extends over a past which would afford very interesti» matter for publication; and we hope some old citizen familiar with its history may yet furnish a record of our early Publishers and Booksellers. The oldest estab- lished Booksellers and Publishers now flourishing are as follows: Messrs. Armstrong & Berry, Bond & Co., Cushings & Bailey, Chickering, Cook,, Doyle, Des Forges, (antiquarian,) Entz & Bash, Fisher & Denisbn, Guiteau, (S. S. Depository,) Kurtz, Kelly & Piet, Lucas Bros., Morrow, Magers, Minifie, Murphy :nitude which it has attained, ranks it among the leading pursuits of the city. The progress of agricultural science has awakened new interest in the subject of fertilization, and, as would reason- ably be supposed, it has attracted great attention here. The result is, that this has become the great market in the country for Guano. Nearly 40,000 tons a year are brought to this port, mostly from Peru. The rigid inspection which it undergoes here gives it a high character. Other fertilizers are extensively manufactured here. The oyster-packing business is extensive. Chesapeake oysters, so highly esteemed at home and abroad, can be produced in inexhaustible quantities. The quick transit which tlie railroad furnishes put* the West on a par, almost, with Baltimore, in the enjoyment of this delicacy. Thus far, there has been no possibility of supplying the demand. Twenty-five establish- ments are devoted to the packing business. The Flouring-mills in this city and immediate neioJiboihood, employ more capital than any other class of manufactures. Capitalists and enterprising business men have availed tlietn- selves of the tine mill-sites which the streams afford, and have pressed steam into their service. The product of these mills is immense. The city millers, alone, take in a year upwards of 1.500,000 bushels of wheat, brought to this market. The whiskey trade is large. The amount of sales in this article now teaches 300, dOO barrels annually. Of this, one- third is the product of city distilleries: the balance is brought by railroad. The liook Trade is now beginoiing to assume a phase aopro- priate to a great and growing city. Priotingj stereot\'ping, engraving, lithography, and bitjdiug, are improving accord- ingly.- In addition, there are extensive manufactories of Hats and Caps, Drugs and Chemicals, Silver Ware, Marble, &c., &c# The city is lighted with gas, and well supplied with pure and wholesome water from public springs and fountains. The thief supply of water, however, comes from " Swann Lake," formed for the purpose sevei-al miles above the city, on Jones' Falls, from which it is conducted by an aqueduct through two reservoirs (Hampden and Mount Royal) to the city. Lake Chapman, at the Park, is to be the great supply reservoir, when finished, (6ee page 74.) The government of the city is generally in able hands; and the police system has been re-organized so as to render it highly efficient in securing good order, and safety to life and properly. The places of amusement are not numerous. They present upon their stages, however, all the best talent, both native and 68 General Description of Baltimore. foreig^n. Courses of lectures are provided, in which appear the most brilliant speakers that the country affords. The MasopB, Odd Fellows, and various other orders maintain healthy organi- zations. The Hotels are sufficiently numerous. The Medical and Dental Colleges are among the first in the country. The churches, chapels, meeting-houses and synagogues, embrace all denominations in Christendom. The fialtimoreans being de- cidedly a church-going people, these places of worship are gen- erally'well attended. Baltimore has a great number of private schools and academies of the highest class. One need only refer to the daily press at commencement to observe the great amount of talent and effort in favor of education. Besides these are many others organized on a larger scale. In 1849, the Baltimore Female College, in St. Paul street, an in- stitution for the libg-al education of yoijng ladies, was chartered by the State of Maryland. Its course of study and arrangement of classes are similar to those of colleges for gentlemen. The State has estab- lished scholarships in this institu- tion for the education of teachers. About half its pupils are from abroad, a large number coming from the Southern States. Prof. N. C. Brooks, extensively known as an elegant writer and author of classical school books, has been President of this College for many years. The Convent of the Visitation, in Park street, and the Carmelite Nunnery, also have lai-ge schools attached to them. But in 1829 was begun that great Public School System which has made its mark upon the young with untold effect. In that year, the first public school was opened in this city. Now there are 28 grammar and 52 primary schools, and about 25,000 chil- dren, annually, are educated. The Central High School for boys, and Eastern and Western High Schools for girls, afford the means of a liberal education to those who have passed through the primary schools. The system is now spreading all over the State, and yielding its advantages to children of every race and color. We have not space to enumerate at length all the various humane and useful societies of which this city is the centred The JIarijland Institute for the promotion of the Mechanical Arts, is remarkably successful. The Annual Fair held every 3'ear in its Hall is one of the chief attractions of the city. The Feabodi/ Institute for the encouragement of Art and Science among the people, was founded a few years ai;o ypon the muni- ficent gift of about $500,000 from Geokqe Peabody, a London General Description of Baltimore. 69 merchant, formerly a resident of Baltimore. An Insane Asylum for the poor has been projected, to carry out the will of the late Moses Sheppard, who left $600,000 for the purpose. An exten- sive Educational Institution for the benefit of poor children, is also beino^ projected, in accordance with the will of the late John McDono'gh, of New* Orleans. Various other Humane Institutions exist for the Blind, the Insane, the Indijrent, the Sick, the Emigrant, the Outcasts of both sexes, all of which indi- cate trulv the prevailing tendency of our people. As an item of interest, we append the following list, contain- ing the number of persons of each name residing in Baltimore in^ 1865, indicating the care and trouble necessary to compile Directories, and the cause of frequent difficulty in finding indi- viduals in large cities : 97 Adams. 57 Allen. 80 Anderson. 110 Baker. 54 Bell. 60 Bennett. 54 Bond. 44 Boyd. 76 Brook. 323 Brown. 55 Burns. 46 Butler. 60 Campbell. IGI Clark or Clarke. 100 Cook. 150 Davis. 86 Evans. 70 Gray. . 110 Green. 129 Hall. 64 Harrison. 70 Hughes. 85 Jackson. 313 J ohnson or Johnston. 270 Jones. •126 Kelly. 92 King. 77 Lee. 75 Lewis. 1440 Mc. 110 Martin. 360 Miller. 90 Mitchell. 113 Moore. 87 Murphy. 64 Murray. 112 Myer. 218 0. 64 Parker. 57 Patterson. 63 Phillips. 54 Price. 89 Read, Reed, or Reid. 44 Reynold. 66 Richardson. §6 Reilley or Riley. 19 Robinson. 49 Ross. 48 Russell. 110 vSchmidt. 77 Scott. 540 Smith. 117 Stewart. 75 Sullivan. 160 Taylor. 170 Thomas. 157 Thompson. 70 Turner. * 63 Wagner. 60 Walker. 55 Ward. 54 Warner. 44 Waters. 42 W^atkins. 60 Weaver. 61 Webb. 150 White. 150 Williams. 149 Wilson. 90 Wright. 110 Young. 220 Z. 70 General Description of Jinltimore. Directories were issued in this city, for manv years, by Richard J. Matchett, Esq., an old and well known printer, now deceased. Several have been issued at times by various enterprisinof per- eons — Messrs. Murphy & Co., Richard Edwards, and others; but latterly John W,' Woods, Esq., an extensive book and job printer, has devoted much care and expense to the publication of a very complete and satisfactory Directory, from time to time, as necessity requires. The following list approximates the number of places in the city devoted to the several trades and occupations. We select only the most important branches. Besides those ^iven, there 'tfi*e hundreds of others devoted to every variety of manufac- ture and barter. Many of the establishments named employ five, ten, fifty and a hundred persons, and it would be diffi- cult to enumerate the number of individuals engaged in the trades. 18 Agricultural Implements. 35 Ambrotypes. 110 Apothecaries and Chemists 25 Architects and Civil En gineers. 15 Artists. 215 Attorneys at Law. 13 Auctioneers. % 30 Bakeries. 17 Banks. 21 Bankers. 45 Blacksmiths and Wheel- rights. 20 Block and Pump Makers. 10 Boat Builders. 14 Book-binders. 39 Bookstores. 10 Brass Founders. 8 Broom, Basket and Wooden ware. 18 Breweries. 49 Brick-makers. 83 Brokers (Stock and Merch. ) 275 Butchers. 18 Butter-dealers (Wholesale. ) 120 Cabinet-ware. 107 Carpenters and Builders. 36 Carriage-makers. 12 Carvers. 13 Chemists (Wholesale.) 24 China-ware. 71 Clothing Houses. 12 Cloths and Cassimeres. 71 Coal-dealers. 38j) Commission Houses. 16 Confectioners (Wholesale.^ 35 Coopers. 8 Coppersmith's Works. 48 Dentists. 16 Druggists (Wholesale.) 72 Dry Goods (Retail.) 41 " " (Wholesale.) 8 Engravers. * 36 Fancy Goods. 8 Florists. 115 Flour and Feed. 5 Flour Mills. 6 Glass Manufactories. 18 Gloves and Hosiery. 82 Grocers (Wholesale.) 15 Guano Depots. 11 Gun Manufacturers and Dealers. 58 Hardware. 54 Hats and Caps. 28 Hide and Leather. 60 Hotels. 125 Importers. 17 Insurance Companies. 40 " Agencies. 25 Iron and Steel Dealers. 13 Iron Foundries. 184 Jewelers and Silversmiths. 32 Lamps^and Oil. 40 Leather. 70 Liquors (Wholesale.) General Description of Baltimore. 71 2,000 Liquors (Retail.) 41 Lumber Merchants. 40 Livery Stables. 24 Machinery. 18 Marble Work. 56 Merchant Tailors. 26 Music Teachers. 16 Newspapers. 28 Packers of Fruit, &c. 30 Paper Hangings. 275 Physicians.' 11 Piano Factories. 30 Printing Offices. 120 Restaurants. 15 Ship Builders and Marine 10 Saw and Planing Mills. 26 Ship-smiths, &c. 51 Shipping Merchants. 140 Shoe-stores (Retail.) 24 Shoe Houses ("Wholesale.) 375 Shoe-making and Selling. 10 Steamship Lines. 29 Stove Stores. 4 Steam Sugar Refineries. 125 Cigars and Tobacco (Re- tail.) ,52 Tobacco -dealers (Whole- sale. ) 2 Type Foundries. 7 Tanneries. 35 Wood-dealers, &c., &c. Railways. E. Sachsb & Co., the well known lithographers, have fur- nished many beautiful views of Baltimore, among which is a very large "Bird's Eye View" of the entire city in 1858, now scarce, and a later panoramic set of views, for sale at the book- stores. INCREASE OF POPULATION. Year. * Fop 1752 200 1775 .5,934 1790 13,503 ISOO... (Doubled in ten vears) 26,514 1810 ". 35,583 1^20... (More than doubled in twenty years) 62,738 1830 80,625 1840. ..(Nearly doubled in twenty years) 102,313 1850.... 169,054 1860... (More than doubled in twenty years) 217,000 1866...(Estimated) 270,000 72 Inscription for the Entrance to a Wood. INSCRIPTION FOR THE ENTRANCE TO A WOOD. ** Stranger, if thou bast learned a truth which needs No school of long experience, that the world Is full of guilt and misery, and hast seen Enough of all its sorrows, crimes and cares To tire thee of it, enter this Avild wood And view the haunts of Nature. The calm shade Shall bring a kindred calm, and the sweet breeze That makes the green leaves dance, shall waft a balm To thy sick heart. Thou wilt find nothing here Of all that pained thee in the haunts of man, And made thee loathe thy life. The primal curse Fell, it is true, upon the unsinning earth. But not in vengeance. God hath yoked to guilt Her pale tormentor, misery. Hence these shades Are still the abodes of gladness; the thick roof Of green and stirring branches is alive And musical with birds, that sing and sport In wantonness of spirit; while below. The squirrel, with raised paws and form erect, Chirps merrily. Throngs of insects in the shade Try their thin wings and dance in the warm beam That waked them into life. Even the green trees Partake the deep contentment; as they bend To the soft winds, the sun from the blue sky Looks in and sheds a blessing on the scene. Scarce less the cleft-born wild-flower seems t' enjoy Existence, than the wing'd plunderer That sucks its sweets. The mo^sy rocks themselves, And the old and ponderous trunks of prostrate trees That lead from knoll to knoll a causey rude, Or bridge the sunken brook, and their dark roots With all their earth upon them, twisting high, Breathe fixed tranquility. The rivulet Sends forth glad sounds', and tripping o'er its bed Of pebbly sands or leaping down the rocks, Seems with continuous laughter to rejoice In its own being. Softly tread the marge, Lest from her midway perch thou scare the wren That dips her bill in water. The cool wind, That stirs the stream in play, shall come to thee Like one that loves thee, nor will let thee pass Ungreeted, and shall give its light embrace." William Cullen Bryant, The Water Workn, 73 TPIE WATER WORKS. THE arranorements for supplyino^ Baltimore with pure water are very extensive, and calculated to suffice lor many years to come and a population of over a million.* The projectors of these Works, the Park, and other enterprises, are men of com- prehensive and capacious minds, who understand the gigantic task necessary to satisfy the wants of a large city. The old Water Company was established in 1804. and water conveyed from Jones' Falls through the city in 1807. Various improve- ments and additions were made from time to time, and, in 1854, the Company sold to the city its entire rights and properties for $1,350,000. " There were thin two reservoirs on Charles street near the northern boundary, holding 25,000,000 gallons. In 1858, the authorities resolved to meet the demand of a growing city and erect works of greater magnitude. SWANN LAKE. Taking advantage of natural conveniences, a noble lake was formed at the head of Jones' Falls, near the llelay House, on the Northern Central Railroad, about 8 jniles fiorn the city, which was named after Gov. Thomas Swann, then Mayor. The expense of masonry, bridgi^s, &c., was $112,752. It extends over about IIG aci't-s, is 225 feet above tide, and since 1861 has uiaintained a supply of 500,000,000 gallons. The dam to hold this lake is of immense strength and dui abilitv, built of stone, 120 feet wide, about 60 feet thick, and 40 feet high : it cost about $152,000. A visit to this i^ake is very interesting. The drive thither is through a romantic country — the Falls being quite picturesque along its entire length. A (-onduit is built from the I>sike to the Receiving Reservoir at Hampden. It is about 5 miles in length, built of brick and cemented oval in shape, five feet wide and six feet in height. About a mile of this conduit was accomplished by tunneling under the earth to various depths. It cost $536,000. HAMrDEN RESERVOIR. This work is located on the Fall's Road near Hampden, oppo- eite Woodbury and Druid Hill Park, from which it can be seen. It occupies about eight acres and is shaped like the letter D, the * When the capacity of .Jones' Falls is exceeded, the Gunpowder River will afford an jidditionai and unlimited supply. 7 74 The Water Works. arc beinp^ 1,000 feet and the diameter line about 500 feet. It is 217 feet above tide, holds about 50,000,000 gallons, and cost $206,000. From this base of receival a line of pipes — which cost $140,000 — extends across ' the Falls and along the rail- road to MOUNT ROYAL RESERVOIR. This beautiful lake is for distribution through the main pipes into the streets of the city. Its location is admirable, overlook- ing the city and Bay. It is near the corner of North Avenue and the railroad. The scenery immediately around is very interesting. The reservoir is circular, 550 feet across, 150 feet above tide, has five acres of surface, and holds 30,000,000 gal- lons. Cost about $112,000. The cost of these Works, when finished, was $1,313,000. Nearly 160 miles of pipes are laid in the city, which, with other inci- dentals, swells the aggregate expense of the Water Works to over $3,500,000. These pipes supply about 20,000 houses, 700 fire-plugs, and over 7,000 special neeils — as baths, &c. LAKE CHAPMAN. Determining to render the supply of water still more abund- ant and secure, under all possible contingencies, the authorities purchased the grounds adjoining the south side of Druid Hill Park, in which there was an immense natuial basin, for the purpose of forming a receiving reservoir. Besides the utility of such a lake, it was calculated that the beauties of the Park would be wonderfully increased by the improvement. The scenery of this neigborhood is very atti-active, and when com- pleted there are few cities in the world which will present such a magnificent park and stupendous reservoir. The site waa named in compliment after Hon. John Lee Chapman, for a num- ber of years Mayor of the city. In 1864, the necessary excava- tions were commenced, by machinery, &c., and an immense dam erected, over 700 feet in length. The work is still in pro- gress. From the report of the Engineer, Robert R. Martin, Esq., the following description is taken : ''Lake Chapman, when finished, will have an area of water surface of fftij-Jive acres — its greatest length will be 3,200 feet; its greatest width will be 900 feet ; inside of Park enclosure it will be 300 feet across its narrowest point. Extreme depth of water at mouth of drain pipe, 92 feet ; extreme depth of dam ■will be 98 feet. At the screen well where the effluent mains start, there will be 39 feet of water; inside of present Park enclosure there will be 20 feet depth of water, and at no point will the water be less than 20 feet, except where rock may be encountered. The lake when full will contain 600,000,000 gal- lons of water. The surface of water when full will be 217 feet The Water Works. 75 above tide — the same as Hampden Reservoir. Take the daily consumption of water in the city, which is 10,000,000 praUons and divide it into 600,000,000 gallons total capacity, will give a supply for 60 days. The dam will be 750 feet in length, from north to south, 'its greatest width at lane 520 feet ; width on top 40 feet; its greatest depth to foundation on eastern side 116 feet; in the centre 119 feet; at the western side 103 feet; at the north and south ends 17 feet. It will require 500,000 cubic yards in its construction. "Through the whole extent of the dam from north to south an excavation is made 30 feet wide, varying in depth according to the distance down to rock foundation. On the north end, 40 feet in depth has been excavated before reaching rock ; in the middle 15 feet, and on the south end 50 feet. In the centre of this excavation trench a stone tooth or wall is laid in cement 2 feet at top, 4 feet at bottom and 5 feet high. On this prepared foundation the clay puddle core rests, which is carried up to the top of the dam through its whole extent. "The screen well or gate house for effluent mains is located 300 feet from western side of dam and 200 feet from southern edge of lake ; is built of stone laid in cement, circular form ; its height from surface of water to bottom of foundation is 56 feet; thickness of wall at bottom 7 feet; at top 4 feet, inside diameter 18 feet." " When breezes are soft and skies are fair, I steal an hour from study and care And hie me away to the woodland scene Where wanders the stream with waters of green, As if the bright fringe of herbs on its brink Had given their stain to the wave they drink, Tliougli forced to drudge for the dregs of men, And scrawl strange words with the baibarous pen, And mingle amon^ the jostling crowd, Where the sons of strife are subtle and loud, I often come to this quiet place To breathe the airs that ruffle thy face And gaze upon thee in silent dream, For in thy placid and lovely stream An im<with a winged globe; the globe represents eternity, the wings, time, which flies. The edifice is entirely of marble, surmounted tby a colossal statue, representing the city of Baltimore. The head of the figure wears a mural crown, emblematic of cities. In one hand is a rudder, emblem of navigation; in the other she raises a croion of laurel as she looks towards the field of battle. At her feet are an eagle of the United States and a (bomb, in memory of the bombardment. The Monument is enclosed with an iron railing, outside of which are chains fastened to marble cannons. The height, without the statue, is 42 feet 8 inches— the statue, 9 feet 6 inches— total height, 52 feet 2 inches above the platform. The sculpture was executed by :Signor Antonio Capeleno. The following inscriptions appear on the diflferent sides of this Monument.: • BATTLE OP NORTH POINT, illih of September, A. D. 1814, and of the Independence of ths United States the Thirty-ninth. ■BOMBARDMENT OF FORT McHENRY, September 13, A. D. 1814. ■ John Lowry Donaldson, Adjutant Tlth Regiment. Gregoriiis Andre, Lieut, id Rifle Battalion. Levi Clafett^ 3d Lieut, in Nicholson's Artillerists. G. Jenkins, 11. G. McComas, J). Wells, J. Bnrneston, J. Richardson, W. McClellan, R. K. Cooksey, W. Alexander, G. Fallier, J. WaUacJc, T. V. Beeston, J. Jejyhson, J. a Bijrd, B. Howard, E. Marriott, W. Ways, J. H. Marriott, of John, J. Dunn, G. Bell, J. Armstrong, P. Byard, J. Clemm, M. Desk, B. Reynolds, T. Garrett, J. Craig, J. Gregg, J. Merriken, R. Neale, A. Randall, G. Cox, J. Evans, J. H. Cox, U. Prosser, J. Hauhert, 1. Wolf, JB. Bond, D. Davis, Monuments. 87- In this enduring: manner is perpetuated the names of 'the humblest soldiers as well as the titled officers who fell in that gallant defense of our city. We copy them to aid in honoring their memory as having: died for their country, and as deserv- ing of our grateful recollection. THE ODD-FELLOWS' (WILDEY) MONUMENT. This novel and unique structure, subject to much criticism as a work of art, but worthy of attention as one of the vaiieties of architectural taste and design, and as being technical, is located 88 Monuments. on Broadway, above Baltimore street, at a point where it can be seen from an immense dist:ince. The object of the desitrn is to convev. in a memorial to Past Grand Sire Thomas Wilder, the founder of the Independent Order of Odd-Fellows in America, the idea of his eonneciion with and fosterinor care of the Order, whose intent it is to sup- port throughout all quarters of the world, the principle of Charity, and that this Order was raised on a comparatively rough ield of operations, until it has attain-'d beautiful and commanding proportith day of April, 1819. by TROMAS WILDEY. Monnmenta. The pedestal supports a full order of the Grecian Doric archi- tecture, tvpityinff by the beauty of its piopottiors and the simplicity of its character, the Independent Order of Odd-Fel- lows. On the f(»ur faces of the frieze of the entabhiture are carved the emblems of the Order — the three links, the heart and hand, the bundle of rods', and the jrlobe. The Order api)ropri- ately supports a life-size figure of Charity protectinfij orphans, thus blendintj the theory and principles of the Fraternitv with the recollections of the services of Past Grand iSire Wildey. The entire height of the structure is 52 feet, and its cost about $18,000. This Monument was dedicated April 26, 1865, at which time an immense concourse of Odd-Fellows from all parts of the country assembled and paraded in full reo^alia with music. It was the grandest display of Odd-Fellows that ever occurred on this continent. In order to explain more fully the desijrn of the pillar and the character of Wildey's work," we append the foUowinjif extracts from an Address delivered on the occasion, by Henry F. Garey, Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Maryland: ''Many years a»o, Thomas Wildey and John Welch, two Entjiislimcn then residing in this city, inserted in the Baltimore American the following : " 'NOTICE rO A LL ODD-FELLOWS.— A few members of the HOcii'Aji of Odd- Fellow 1 wilt be (jlad to rmet their brethren for coimnltation upon the subject of formiuq a Lod'je. The meeting will be held on Frida;/ evening, the 2d March, 1819.' "This advertisement was continued for one month, but failed to assemble a sufficient number for the purpose indicated, and again the advertisement was reinserted in the same paper on the 27Lh day of March, 1819, which produced the desired effect. On the 13th day of April, 1819, Messrs. John Welch, John Duncan, Jdhn Clieatham and Richard Ilushworth assembled at the dwelling of Thomas Wiidev, and arrang<'d with him the pre- liminaries for the formation of a Lodge of Odd-Fellows, and on the 2Gth day of the same month and vear the purpose was con-- sum mated by the institution of Washington (iOdge, No. 1. "The subscriber to the American, \n 1819, who might have • casually glanced at this brief summons, could have had no pre-- ecience that it was the womb of one of the grandest institutions, of the nineteenth century. Nor could he be blamed for his; blindnf'ss, for even had he known the men, and their purposes,. he might have been moved onl}' to laughter or derision. The- agitatftr of this movement, was himself signally obscure. Aui Englishman of the common people of that then detested nation,, he was seeking to inti'oduce an elenunt modeled after a society exclusively British, ju-^ feet thick, tapering up to 18 inches at tlie summit. Ibe masonry is beautiful, and-; comprises 1,100,000 bricks. It is said the top oscillates 8 or 10' inches during a strong wind. Th« prospect from this tower is beautiful, but is rarely visited, as few persona are equal to the labor of ascending its steep stairway, or have nerve enough to gaze from such a height. Monuments. 96 THE MERCHANTS , SHOT TOWER. ELEVATIONS ABOVE TIDE. Feet. Base of Maryland Institute 6 Base of Shot Tower 13 Base of Battle Monument. 35 Penitentiary 52 Greenmount Cemetery Gate 81 Observatory on Federal Hill 83 Washington Monument 98 Odd-Fellows' Monument 100 Maryland Hospital 108 Franklin Square 114 Cathedral lU Patterson Park 125 Mount Royal Reservoir 150 Corner of Lanvale and Grundy streets 152 Bay View Asylum = 157 Gate at Baltimore Cemetery 167 Corner of Pennsylvania Ave. and Fremont st... 187 Corner of .Franklin and Fulton streets 189 Corner of Pennsylvania and North Avenues 220 Swann Lake 225 Park Mansion 326 Highest Hill in Park , 366 Churches. 97 CnUECHES. "Except the Lord build the house They labor in vain that build it." "I was glad when they said unto me, Let us go into the houge of the Lord." • ** Hear this, all ye people, Give ear, all ye inhabitants of the world. Both low and high, rich and poor together." " Sing unto the Lord, bless his name, Show forth his salvation from day to day, Declare his glory among the heathen, His wonders among all people. For the Lord is great, and greatly to be praised j He is to be feared above all gods, For all the gods of the nations are idols, But the Lord made the heavens. Honor and majesty are before Him, Strength and beauty are in His sanctuary. Give unto tlie Lord the glory due unto His name, Bring an offering and come into His courts. 0, worship the i-ord in th<^ beautv of holiness. Be thankful unto Him and bless llis name, Enter into His gates Avith thanksgiving And into His courts with praise. Fear before Him, all the earth. Know ye that the Lord He is God, For He cometh to judge the earth. He sball judge the world with righteousness And the people with His truth." Extracts from the Pacdms. BLTILDINGS for Divine worsTiip are quite numerous in this city, there being not less than one hundred and fifty churches, besides a number of meeting places in halls, &c., of regularly constituted religious associations. Many of these are very band- some, and aid greatly in the decoration of the streets. We append a list of all the churches, under denominational heads. Some are conspicuous for architectural beauty and novelty 9 88 Churches. of design. Many others are neat and well-appointed in every respect. Those printed in italics are the most pro- minent in each denomination, and most generally sought by transient visitors. The First Presbyterian Church is one of the 'hand- somest structures in the Uni- ted States. It is on the cor- ner of Madison and Park Sltreets, and built of brick, iron, and the celebrated New- Brunswick freestone in rich Gothic style. The graceful steeple, not yet quite com- pleted, is to rise 250 feet from the pavement. The church is 150 feet long and 64 feet wide. The parson- age, built of yellow stone, and adjoining, affords a plea- sant contrast to the brown stone of the main edifice. The ornamental carving of FIHST PRESBYTERIA.N CnUnOH. Churches. 99 both is exquisite and extremely pleasino:. No en^ravinor can do it justice. Starkweather, architect. The .SY'conrf and Central Pre>shyterian churches are imposing in position and finish. The turreted steeple of the Westminster Church is peculiarly interesting to literary sight-seers as overshadowing the remains of the gifted American poet, Edgar A. Pok. The Franklin Square Pre>ihijterian Church is built ot white rough-hewn stone, and is exceedingly beautiful. The Episcopal churches, St. Paul's and Grace, are very costly structures. The former was founded by the Colonial authori- ties in 1731, and was the first church in the city. It is seen in the view ~-;;^j^, taken in 1752. A new building was ^1 erected in 1817, which was destroyed by fire in 1852, since which the pre- sent one has been built. The situa- tion is prominent, overlooking old- town (page 54.) Emmanuel Church is a massive stone house and tower, im- posing and fortress-like in appear- ance. The Memorial Church is espe- cially interesting as a testimonial to the memory of Rev. Dr. H. V. D. ST. ALPHONSUS ( GERMAN) CATHOLIC CHURCH. 100 Churches. Johns, an eminent clero^yman of the denomination. St. Luke^s Church contains costly ornamental windows and other adorn- mentg suited to the sacred character of the place. The Cathedral is one of the most celebrated Roman Catholic edihces on the continent (see pag^e 56.) It is 190 feet long- and 177 feet broad ; its dome is 69 feet in diameter, and 95 feet from the centre to the floor, and 127 feet from the floor to the top of the cross. The or^an has 36 stops and 600 pipes. There are several rare paintings in the interior. All the Catholic churches are hand- WE6"^WIN?TER PP.ESBYT£AN nwiiPr*! Bomely frescoed. The paintinp: on the ceilinor of St. Ignatius' Church is. magnificent. The St. Atphonsus Church is 150 feet long^ and 64 feet wide, and has a steeple. of great symmetry 205 feet high. The other churches of this denomination are gener- ally of imposing appearance and durable material. The Methodist Episcopal Churches are less pretentious in style; the Charles street being the most ornamental, the Madison Avenue the most imposing in position, and the Li(/h( street the mcst historical— in this last, marly all the great leaders of American Churches. 101 Methodism have attracted public attention from time to time during eighty years. Summerfield, Maffitt, and others, have E reached there to generations passed and passing away. The istory of this building, to which so many have been added throughout the city, until Methodist organizations are the most numerous in our midst, and the denomination has become a great power in the State, would be an interesting and sugges- tive work. The Independent Methodist Church, on the corner of Madison Avenue and Preston street, and the Chatsworth, on EMANUELPROT. EPiS. CliUROH Pine street, are handsome buildings. The First ("Round Top,") the Second ('on Broadway,) the Seventh (on Paca street,) and the Franklin Square, all Baptist churches, are built in different styles, without much pretense to ornament. The Univcrsalist (corner of Canal and Baltimore streets.) the Uni- tarian (corner of Charles and Franklin streets,^ and i\\Q Sweden- borf/ian (in Orchard near Madison street,) are all of different and unique styles. 9* 102 Churches. SEVENTH BAPTIST CHURCH. LIST OF CHURCHES. Protestant Episcopal. St. PauVs Corner of Saratoo^a and Charles streets. St. Peter's Corner of Sharp and Germail streets. Christ ......' Corner of Gay and Fayette streets. St. Andrew's *. Hiirh, north of Lombard street. Church of Ascension .' Lexinion, consecrated places were appro- priated for the purpose of general burial, and it was regarded as ignominious not to be buried in consecrated earth. The deprivation of the rites of buiial was, therefore, a part of the punishment of excommunication. The Romans were accus- tomed to provide the sepulchres at least with a stone, upon which was inscribed the nsime of the deceased, and the wish, J^lay he rent in peace (nit illi terra levis — that is, " may the eai th rest lightly on him.") The Egyptians, Greeks and Romans, erected over the graves of men of rank, or persons otherwise reniaikhble, monuments or 'temples. After the introduction of Christianity, little churches, called chapels, were erected over the dead. The early maityrs were buried in caverns, which, by degrees, were enlarged to spacious subterianeous vaults. In the sequel, others considered themselves happy if their bodies were allowed to repose near the ashes of a martyr. The sepul- chres of the martyrs were on this account distinguished by a white altar over them. It gradually came to be univeisaily considered among the Christians a pi ivilege to be buried in the neighborhood of a saint. The Emperor eonstantine, who died in 337, was the first person that we know of who ordered his sepulchre to be erected in a church. The emperors Theodius and Justinian, indeed, foi bade the erection of sepulchres in churches, but in vain. Leo, the philosopher, again permitted them to everybody. It is only ip later times that men have become con- vinced how injurious it is to the health of the living to remain in the vicinity of the dead; paiticularly if the corpses remain standing in simple coffins, and are not placed deep in the earth, as is commonly the case in the sepulchral vaults of churches. From these, the effluvium of putiefaction escapes easily, and diffuses through the air. On the occasion of opening such sepulchral vaults, those who stood near them have sometimes fallen dead on the spot, and no one could venture into the church for a long time after, without exposing himself to dan- geious consequences. The custom of erecting vaults above ground has of late been thoroughly investigated, and in the enlightened judgment of those who have given this subject their attention, has been pro- nounced deleterious. Hence the growing popularity of what are denominated cemeteries The word cen)etery is deiived from the Greek Koi/xiTepta^ a burying-place. The community of Moravian Brothers give, perhaps, the best example of a ceme- tery. They form their burial-places into gardens. In Germany, especially in Munich, is this pleasing aspect given to the grave. A bed of flowers covers every grave, which is watered by friends of the deceased from a fountain dug for the purpose. The most Cemeteries. 109 ancient and interestinof account of a cemetery is that of the Egyptians. Around this account cluster some poetical lejrends. It was frtbl^d that, on the bank of Lake Acherusia. a tribunal of twelve jiulj^t'S vvas established to inquire into the life and charac- ter of the deceased No corpse could be carried to the ceme- tery across the lake, without this examination. If the deceased had dit'd insolvent, his corpse vvas adjudged to his creditors, in order that his friends mio;ht redeem it. If his life had been wicked, his bodv vvas denied the rio;ht3 of burial, and was thrown into a laiire ditch made for the purpose. The Greek Tartarus had its orisrin i,i this Ejjyptian fable. A small sum for passage across the lake was paid before it could be carried to the cemetery. The cemetery was a large plain, surrounded by trees, and intersected by canal-*, to which vvas given the name of E/ixout, or E/ifsaeun, meaning rest. The Greek (Aharon, the ferry-boat, the passage- money, and the Elysian Fields of classic mythology, all origin- ated in the Egvptian fable. From their hi:-tory, we learn that the Egyptians invested death with none of those horrors which have SI) coaipletely masked and travestied its import in succeed- ing tiini-s. Instead of being constantly thrust out of sight, as it was with the Greek, or made a scare-crow from childhood, as it is with the modern, it was presented on every occasion, and the skeleton that vvas introduced at the feasts of the Egyptians, was garlanded with the flowers which they so sedulously cultivated. Even now, Egypt, that land of wonders, is peculiarly dig- tinguishi.'d for its stupendous monuments, and the soil around the site of its {rreat cities is almost literally sown with the care- fully-preserved remains of millicms of bodies. Petra, the Edom of proph"cy, whose existence was unknown for a thousand years, presented, when discovert-d. on every side, tombs and mausoleums of surpassing spli-ndor. It vvhs evidently the Necropolis of a nation, pjtruria, which flourished before Romu- lus was born, has recently become an object of enlightened curiosity, on account of its sepulchral vases and monuments. " To adorn the grave with flowers and shrubs," sa3S Wash- ington Irving, in his iSketch-liook. "is a beautiful and simple- hearted custom." "We adorn," says he, *' their graves with flowers and redolent plants — ^just emblems of the life of man, which has been compared in Holy iScripture to those fading beauties whose roots, being buried in dishonor, rise again in glorv." The Greeks and Romans scattered flowers "not only on the funeral pile and tomb, but also over the body and bier of the di'parted. The rose, the first in beauty, was especially emploved by the Romans." The amaranth, the emblem of im- mortality, was held peculiarly sacred to funeral rites among the Greeks. From Philostratus we learn that the ThessaHans crowned the tomb of Achilles with roses. The white pothos, the parsley, and the myrtle were in like manner employed. The urn of Philopoemen was covered with garlands. The graye of Sophocles was decorated with roses and ivy. 10 '^110 Cemeteries. " Wind, gentle evergreen, to form a shade Around the tomb where Sophocles is laid; Sweet ivy, wind thy boughs and intertwine With blushing roses and tlie clustering vine; Thus wfll thy lasting leaves, with beauty hung, Prove grateful emblems of the lays he sung." ' Of Anacreon, too, it was said : " This tomb be thine, Anacreon, all around Let. ivy wreathe, let flowerets deck the ground." Virgil strews over the corpse of Pallas the leaves of tha . arbutus and other funeral evergreens. In keeping with these allusions, are the references of the poets generally. GREENAIOUNT CEMETERY. Greenmount was the name given to the country seat of Robert Oliver on the northern limits of the city. During bis life he spared no expense in adorning it, and left it at his death a most lovely spot. In 1838, it was purchased from his heirs by an association of gentlemen, for the purposes of a Cemetery. The enterprise was carried on with great energy, and the new ceme- tery dedicated July 13, 1839. Revs. Drs. William E. Wyatt and J. G. Hamner performed the religious services ; J. H. B. Latrobe, Esq., and Hon. John P. Kennedy participating with addresses, &c. The first interment at Greenmount occurred December 27, 1839, that of an infant. The grounds are now covered with monumental tombs and other adornments of respect and affection for the dead. This Cemetery, as well as the others we mention, is conducted with great attention to its requirements and care to preserve it from desecration. Many distinguished persons are buried within its walls. Around Major Ringgold's grave is a railing composed of Mexican gun- barrels. Ttie Mausoleum is of the Egyptian order, sufficiently large to contain eighty bodies; it cost $3,400. The chapel is a Gothic structure of brown stone, with stained windows, and cost $30,000. The stone wall cost §37,000, and the gateway $10,500. The Cemetery is bounded by the York Road, Hoff- man and Ensor streets. Strangers from abroad can obtain ■admittance generally, through the week, on application at the office. No. 1 Courtland street, or at the gate of the Cemetery. The general rule is not to admit any person (especially on Sun- day) unless in company with a lot holder or one of his family, with a ticket. Here are seen hundreds of the most costly and beautifully sculptured monuments reared by affection, and some- times ostentation, to the memory of departed relatives. Inter- spersed are plainer tombs and smaller head-stones, forming a variety very instructive to those who meditate in grave-yarda on the uncertainty of time. However unequal in life, and how- ever particularly distinctions may be attempted in decorating Cemeicries. ^ HI tombs, the truth is palpable to all that Death makes no distinc- tion. The rich and poor alike rot in the orave— from dust both came and to dust both must return. There are many exquisite designs embleniiitic of Faith, Hope, Resurrection, Innocence, &c., and manv eloquent elegiac stanzas carved appropriately on the white pillars that succeed each other in such prolusion. Of course there are also some productive of smiles rather thaii tears, which injudicious mourners have ordered to be sculptured, and willing masons have perpetuated. We have room but to mention two or three. Upon one elaborate stime everything is sensible and decorous except the la^t line, which records that the deceased woman, who was a pious Christian, had *' gone to Iter god." Upon another, which an aged and much respected citizen had erected -f?? a /i 7/ years hofore hi-i death, his own full name was inserted, leaving a place blank for the date of his death, adding the verse — What need the pen rehearse A life v^ell s}>eni f A mau'fi good deeds Are his best monument. When he died, the blank was filled, without any demur as to the sentiment, we are glad to believe. Upon another stone occur the following verses, doubtless original : TO THE MEMO RY OF OUR DEAR LITTLE FO UNDLING. It was upon the second month Of eifjhteen hundred and fifty-three^ This dearest little stranger Was left alone with me. We were all fitting happjf, By thf cheerftd fire bright, When all at once the door hell rang, At eight o'clock at night. We took him in and clothed him inell And icatched him day and night, Until onr blessed, Lord thought fit To take him from our sight. By his little, tender age, anxiety, and care And finding him vpon a step. Made him to us so dear. 112 Ceniaferien. lie grew to hh mtmt heanti/ul, lint he ivnx nuly (jtvn A.H a fair bud to torth, But to bloom in heaven, BALTIMOllE CEMETERY. This commndinus Cemetery was commenced about If^SO, and compiises 100 acres overlookinjj the citv. It has iinprnved rapidly. Some handsome tombs are to be seen. It is .^ifuated at the terminus of the Gay stieet lino of cars, on the north- eastern end of the city limits. Office 6 South street. LOU I) OX PARK CEMETERY Comprises about 100 acres of {rround, very romantic, located 3 miles on the EMicott's Mills Pass' nsrer Railway. Office 56 West Fayette street. The location of these frroiinds is very picturesque; from several points the City and Kay can be over- looked in the distance. Amongr the tombs are two life-size figures of the Saviour and Gabriel, and two rmbossed and fio:ured urns, executed in the finest marble, by W. 11. Rhine- hart, a young sculptor from this city, studying in Ital}'. MOUNT OLIVET CEMETERY, Located on the Frederick Road, 2 miles west of the city. OflSce 12 Light street. WESTERN CEMETERY, Situated about \}4 miles from the city on the Ellicott's Mills Road. Office 2G6 West Fayette street. CATHEDRAL GRAVE-YARD (CATHOLIC; Situated north-west from Lafayette Square. It is an old and interesting cemetery. MOUNT CARMEL CEMETERY. Office 187 South Broadway. LAUREL CEMETERY. OflBce 18 Courtland street. Humane Institutions. 113 HUMANE INSTITUTIONS. "See! tender PtVy comes — at her con'rol Props the big tear and melts the stubborn soul. Hence rose yon ]>ile, wlu-re sickness fin(fs relief, AV'hi re lenient care ulliiys the weight ot grief; Yon spacious roof, where hushed in calm repose, The drooping widow half forgets her woes; Yon calm retreat, where screened from every ill "J'he li Ipless orplian's throbbing heart lies Siill, • Anil finds delighted in the peaceful dome A better parent and a happier home." Eiiglish Poet, THE OLD ALMSHOUSE WAS erected in 1816, and is located west of the city on the Franklin Road. During; 1865, the last year which it was fully occupied by the paupers of the city, it contained nearly 800 inmates. The foih)\vini^ is from the overseei-'s report: "The nuii.ber of peisons admitted into the Almshouse durin«f the year was 1,615, and 57 were born within its precincts; 1,063 were discharged, 174 died. 11 were bound out, 296 eloped, and 739 remain. Of the total inmates, did were natives and 693 foreiofuers. Amonj; the natives, exclusive of the 57 born in the institution, .382 were from Baltimore city; from Baltimore county 68, Eastern Shore 111, Western Shore 86, NevvHamp- shire 5, New Yoik 26, Louisiana 6, Floiida 1, Pennsylvania 49,. Alabama 2, Vermont 2, North Caiolina 11, Ohio 4, Delaware 8,. Massachusetts 6, Connecticut 5, South Carolina 7, New Jersey 5, Distiictof Columbia 10, Kentuck}' 3, Alichifjan 3, Alississippii 2, Virginia 96, unknown 24. The inmates of foreign nativity, were from Germany 292, Ireland 327, Eng:land 30, Scotland 11,. France 7. Italy 3, Canada 13, Denmai k 1, Porto Rico 2, Swedem 2, Poland 2, Newfoundland 1, Nova Scotia 1. Of the adult in- mates, 676 were of intemperate habits, and 773 temperate.. Twentv-two were children of intemperate parents, and 30 of temperate. Of the number occupying: the institution at timesi thiough the year, the whites were 2,676 men, 3,177 women, andl 1,571 children; of colored people there were 585 men, 897~ women and 339 children. One hundred and eleven whites were? vajjrants, and 11 blacks; 64 of this class were n-itives, and 67.' foreigners. The ages of all ranged as follows: Under I year^, 84; from 1 to 5 years, 29; from 5 to 10 years, 22; from 'lO to» 15 yiars, 35 ; from 15 to 20 yeais, 192 ; from 20 to 30 years, 411,j; from 30 lo 40 years, 292 j from 40 to 50 years, 212 j from 50 i&> 10* 114 Humane Institutionit. 60 years, 189 ; from 60 to 70 years, 102 ; from 70 to 80 years, 52; from 80 to 90 years, 13; and from 90 to 100 years, 3. Durinof the year no case of contagious disease has appeared in the institution. The overseer expended $97 in the transporta- tion of 43 paupers to the places tney belonjy ; 12 sent to VVash- ington, 7 to Harrisburg, 9 to Philadelphia, 1 to Richmond, and the balance to different counties of Maryland. T he value of the work done by inmates during the year was $14,824 36. The revenue from the farm was $9,808 37. The gross cost for main- taining the Almshouse for ihe year ending December 31, 1865, including expenses for food, clothing, medicines, etc., was $49,638 34." In 1866, the paupers were removed to the new almshouse. BAY VIEW ASYLUM. The Bay View Asylum, a new institution for the paupers of the city, is the tirst piominent object that strikes the eye of the traveler as he approaches the city on the Philadelphia Railroad. The building is exceedingly imposing in appearance, and situ- ated upon a hill high enough to render it consf)icuous for many miles. Some $500,000 liave been expended on the premises, and every rare and modern appliance afforded to render the Asylum and its grounds equal to the best in the world. The wings and centre building give an aggregate front of 714 feet, whilst it is three stories in height, including the basement. It is built of Baltimore brick of excellent quality, and, when coinplet.d, will have a massive entrance of granite with a roof and entablature supported by four large fluted columns, which will present an imposing appearance, and give an air of completeness and solid- ity to the whole. One striking feature of the interior is the main hail of the principal story, which extends the entire length of the structure, is of unusual height, and suppli d with tessellated marble flooring. This hall, as well as »ho.se above it, communicate by spacious doorways to nearly all the principal irooms, and thereby contributes much to the ventilation, a very 'desirable feature in so large a building. Ample space has been i'reserved for the accommodation of the otiicers and others •engaged in the house. The centre hall, which crosses the build- iing, is well lighted, and contains the stairways which conduct ^both below and above. To the light of the hall is a spacious ;apartment in which the Board of Trustees transact their busi- iiiess, whilst opposite is what is styled the reception parlor, : about 50 feet squai-e. The principal and most important feature in the building is ithe admirable manner in which it is heated and ventilated. 'There are four horizontal return-flue boileis, each 30 feet long • and 4 feet in diameter, set in massive brick work, supported by ■.iron guilders from the top. Only two boilers are necessarily tused at the same time, whilst all are located on the north side Humane fnstitutions. 115 of the centre buildinor, and beyond the laundry and kitchen, all of which are separate and distinct from the main buildinfj. From the boilers run lar^e main steam pipes, whicli diveijje in every direction, and supply the numerous coils placed in the halls and rooms. The constiuction of the coils used is dilferent from the old style, beinjj vertical, with substantial and handsome manifold bases for the bottom and return heads for the top. The temperature of every room is easily controlled by the engineer. 'J'he condensed steam from each coil is returned to the engine for use in the boilers. The ventilation is produced by the stack, wliich measures in the clear 13 feet in diameter, and is 125 feet high. The ventilating Hues from th^ entire building connect with this stack, the air in the same being rari- fied by the heat from the boiler stacks. The plumbing has be*^n done in the best manner, all the piping being galvanized wrought iron, which is proof against gnawing i ats. The laun- dry arrangements are of the most perfect character, steam, of course, being the great agent used. One twelve-horse power engine propels the machinery, and an independent boiler is pro- vided for summer use, when the large boilers are not wanting. The principal anangement for ventilation is a laige stack of brick, the foundation of wliich is on a level with the superstructure, wliile the top ascends above the loof, thereby passing a continual current of air. The top of the cupola rises to the height of 184 ieet, wliilst the base is estimated at loT feet above tide-water. From the top a magnificent panora?nic view of scenery is presented, including the harbor, bay and liver, the fortifications and the entire city. The supeiintending architect of the building was John W. Hogg, Ksq. Alore than seven millions of brick have been used in the work of erection. The grounds consist of fortv-six acres, which were purchased of the Canton Company at the rate of S150 per acre, and they will be k^ pt in the liighest style of cultivation, the better class of inmates doing the work as far as possible. There are now in the wards 716, and the general health is reported unusually good. The principal management of fitting it up for occupation, was perforn)ed by W. VV. Maughlin, James McDougal, William Callow. A. VV. Poulson and James F. Ross, E.-^qs.. trustees ap- pointed by the Mayor, whose labors, though gratuitous, were of the utmost advantage to the city in point ofc economy and completeness. Water is conveyed from Mount Royal Reservoir, a distance of five and a half miles, at an expense for pipes, &c., of over 165, UOO. Permits lor visitors must be obtained from the Trustees. HOUSE OF REFUGE. The House of Refuge for vagrant and vicious children of both sexes, was chartered in 1^39, and finally opened in 1855. and has been highly successful in reforming those who might otherwise 116 Humane Jnntitutions. have becomti entirely lost to society and virtue. There have been 1,245 boys and 225 frills received since its commencement, of which number about 400 remained January 1, 1R66. Trades are taug-ht and schoolino' }2:iven under excellent teachers. The buildinjj; is extensive and i'urnished in every respect with a pro- per care for the wants of so comprehensive an institution. Visitors will be well repaid who examine the premises. Per- rnis.*ion can be obtained at stated times from any of the Com- missioners. The House and grounds are located to the right of the Ellicott.'s -Mills Railway, a short distance beyond the western limits of the city. MOUNT HOPE HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE, Mount Hope Hospital is a large edifice, formerly known as IMoinit Hope College, on North Avenue, at a point inteisected by IJolton street. It was purchased for the Sisters of Charity ia 1844, and fuilv adapted to the purposes of an Asylum for the Insane. Its total front is 182 feet and 40 to 60 feet deep. It is four stories high and is surrounded bv spacious grounds, now somewhat resti-icted by the cutting through of stret-ts. The grounds iormerly extended aci oss and beyond North Avenue. In 1*^58, it was determined to erect a larger edifice to accommo- date the increased necessities of the institution, which is de- scribed in tlie following paragraph : THE NEW MOUNT HOPE ASYLUM. The New Mount Hope Asylum, located on the Reisterstown Road, four miles from the city, is of mammoth proportions. It has a front of 76 feet and "depth of 160 feet, and will be six stories high. In this building, on the first floor is the kitchen, fitted up with a cooking range with capacity to cook tor five hundred people. In tlin front is a large hall from which ascends a double stni; ease to the upper floors, the reception rooms and ofiices of the institution. The second floor contains several par- lors, and above the sleeping rooms for the Sistei'S, and dormi- tories for initi.'nts. Hiid the chapel. There are two wings on each side, arianged in dormitoriis for patients. On each floor there are eleven rooms, besides au associate dormitory and mess Humane Inxtitutions. 117 room. The fond is carried to each floor by a dumb waiter, and each floor is distinct to itself. The buildiny cases. The edifice was designed expressly for the use to which it is applied ; and being located upon a very elevated site, secures the healthful influence of a pure air, and commands a noble view of the entire city and environs. The Infirmary is provided with experienced nurses; and hot and cold water baths, &c., for the use of patients, are furnished on each floor of the building. In the Wards the charges vary according to the means of the patients. Persons desiiing or needing seclu- sion, can obtain separate rooms with very superior accommoda- tions, at reasonable rate-3. No contagious or infectious diseases admitted. The Eutaw street and the Green street branches of UNION PROTESTANT INFIRMAEY. the City Passenger Railway, pass on either side, at a square's distance from the Infirmary. The grand "object of this institution is to provide a Christian Asylum for the reception of the sick and suffering, where they may receive kind nursing and skillful medical treatment, at rea- sonable rates, or gratuitnusly, as circumstances may require, and may enjoy the privilege of reading the sacred Scriptures, and the consolation of Protestant religious instruction." Its aflairs are controlled by an energetic board of lady managers, representing and chosen from the various religious denomina- tions of the city, who unite harmoniously and zealously in devoting their tiiue and care in monthly committees to the daily superintendence of the household. Humane Jnstitutiona. 123 MALE FREE SCHOOL OF BALTIMORE. For over sixty-five years past the Male EVee School of Balti- more has existed as one of the public institutions of our citv, and has been generously supported, durina: that extended period, by our fellow-citizens. This institution has never received any pecuniary aid from public funds, either from the city of Balti- more or from the State of Maryland. A number of persons, who have passed away to the rewards of eternity, bequeathed certain sums of money and other property for the permanent support of the institution. These lejjjacies have been judiciously invested, yielding a certain income to aid in meeting the pecuni- ary demands for the annual expenditures of the trustees. The munificent legacy of the late Miss Rachel Colvin, and the no less productive legacy of the late Miss Elizabeth Buchanan, with others of like character, yield a sufficient amount of income to sustain the institution at present. It is, however, necessary to state that when the times shall be propitious, the trustees will be required to erect the '* Colvin Institute for Girls." which will exhaust a considerable sum of money from which they are now deriving income, and may demand future appeals ibr the sup- port of the institution, unless the generous provision of some of our fellow-citizens may place it beyond need. This institution, for a nuinber of years past, has contained two departments, one for males, the other for females, the latter being denominated the "Colvin Institute for Girls." At pre- sent there are 37 male and 55 female pupils in attendance. Location, rear of Calvert street, near Saratoga. THE BALTIMORE INFIRMARY Is constantly open for the reception and care of the sick. The patients are attended by the Faculty of the University, and nursed by the Sisters of Charity. An addition has recently been erected, containing commodious private apartments sepa- rate from the more public portion of the house. Persons from a distance requiring surgical treatment, or operations, will find the institution admirably adapted to this purpose. Price, $3 to $10 per week, according to the accommodations required. Applications for admission may be made to the resident physi- cian. THE MARYLAND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL FOR GIRLS. This institution was incorporated by the Legislature in 1866. Its object is " the care, reformation and instruction of such girls as are not admitted into either the Ht)use of Refuge, the Home of the Friendless or ihe Children's Aid Society, but who need the care of some reformatoi-y institution." It is managed by twenty directors, five of whom are appointed annually by the 124 Humane Jnstihitions. Mayor and City Council, and fifteen chosen by the subscribers to its funds. It is proposed to raise by voluntary subscription the means to purchase a place in the country, and to erect, not a large, prison-like building;, but comparatively small houses, where the inmates maybe classified on the " family system," which has proved so eminently successful both in Europe and this country in reformino: delinquents. Experience h^s proved that under kind Christian matrons and teachers, and the re- straint and influence of a good home, such as most of these poor girls have never enjoyed, many of them may be rescued from lives of vice and shame. A benevolent citizen of Baltimore has already subscribed five thousand dollars, and a lot of ground worth eight thousand dollars, on condition that enough more shall be raised to give the institution a fair start. An appeal is made to the public for this purpose. Our citizens will probably respond to it with their accustomed liberality. They have already provided for the poor, the blind, the insane, the orphan and the widow, but this class has, if possible, even stronger claims. They are not only "perishing, but emphatically dan- geroits," and are now very numerous, and increasing with frightful rapidity. The other institutions above named will not receive girls over tioeJve years of age. The jail would seal their ruin forever. A separate institution is an imperative necessity, to save them from a fate worse than death, and to deliver the communit}- from their poisonous influence. Every parent, every teacher, every tax-payer, should encourage an enterprise so essential to the moral and physical well-being of our city. Let the directors meet with generous hearts and open hands, "as they shall solicit contributions for so good an object. The present officers are Rev. Franklin VVilson, President; Edward Otis Hinkley, Esq., Secretary; Francis A. Crook, Treasurer. Directors — J. Harman Brown, Hugh L. Bond, "Wiliiam B. Canfield. George W. Corner, John Curlett, Wra. M. Ives, Francis T. Kin^, Robert M. Proud, J. Dean Smith, Dr. James Carey Thomas, Hiram Woods, Jr. THE YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. Both citizens and strangers are cordially invited to visit the new rooms of the Association, No. 160 West Baltimore street (Brown's Building,) which are open daily from 9 A. M. until 10 P. Al. A good work is being done by this society, in pro- moting the welfare of young men. by bringing them under moral influences, for their own benefit as well as that of others. MARYLAND SOLDIER'S HOME FOR DISABLED SOLDIERS, No. 166 West Lombard street. Founded in 1865 bv the efforts of several patiiotic and humane individuals, aided by a grant Humane Inntitutious. 125 of $5,000 from the city and $1,400 from the Union Relief Asso- ciation. It is not simply a home for the disabled, but possesses all the features of a hospital, where a poor Maryland soldier may obtain medical treatment. It is expected that this under- taking may result in a State asylum, aided by the liOgislature, where a permanent and extensive work of humanity may be established. BALTIMORE ASSOCIATIOxV FOR THE MORAL AND EDU- CATIONAL IMPROVEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE. This is a society for the objects above stated, orjr.mized in 1864, and occupying a portion of the African Baptist Chapel building, coiner of Calvert and Saratoga streets. There are about 400 colored pupils in daily attendance, instructed by white teachers, and making reasonable progress toward educa- tion. The gentlemen who have charge of this institution are among our wealthiest and most humane citizens, long interested in the moral and intellectual elevation of the colored race, and they design to extend similar advantages all over the State, as far as possible. DISPENSARIES. Baltimore, north-east corner of Liberty and Fayette streets; Noiirn Eastern, East Monument street, near Gay; Soutuern, No. 48 Conway street ; Eastern, north-east corner of i'entral Avenue and East Baltimore street. The man^igei's of these institutions are elected annually, on the 22d day of .June. Every contributor of $5 entitles the donor to one vote for three physi- cians. All male contiibutors must vote in peison but females may vote by proxy. The right of voting by proxy is also exteuded to male contributors who may be prevented attending in person from sickness, public service on the day of election, or absence from the city, provided a power be given by the con- tributor to the person intending to vote on his behalf This institution is open every day, Sunday excepted, from 8 A. M. till 1 P. M., and from 3 until sunset, and on Sundays from 8 till 11 A. M. 11* 126 Hijmn to the City. HYMN TO THE CITY. Not in the solitude Alone may man commune with Heaven, or see Only in savao^e wood And sunny vale, the present Deity; Or only hear His voice Yv'here the winds whisper or the waves rejoice. Even here do I behold Thy sti'ps, Almighty! — here, ami'lst the crowd, 'i hi-oii)hile it sleeps. Bkyant. JUiscellaveoHn Institutions and Societies. 127 MISCELLANEOUS INSTITUTIONS AND SOCIETIES. MARYLAND INSTITUTE FUR PROMOTING MECHANIC ARTS. THE "Mechanics' Institute," over the Centre Market, is an extensive structure. It was erected by the members of the "Marvhind Institute for the Promotion of the Mechanic Arts." The building is 3r>5 feet lonfj by GO wide. The three-story edifice fronting on Baltimore street,' contains the library, committee rooms, offices. &c. The main hall, which is devoted to exhibi- tions of American industry, is 260 feet long. The iMarket occu- pies the ground floor, and is the handsomest in the city. About l,750,000'"bricks were used in building. The Annual Mechanics' Fair attracts thousands of visitors daring October of each 3 ear. The main hall is one of the largest in the country, and has held as high as 6,000 persons to hear speeches from Kossuth, A. H. Stephens, Everett, Gough, Beecher, and scores of other popular 128 Miacellaneoua Inatit ittions and Societiei. speakers. It was in this hall that the Southern politicians met and nominated Breckinridfje in 1860, after leavino^ the Doup^las delecrations in the Front Street Theatre. Here also were held the Great Union Sanitary Fa'r for the relief of the soldiers in the field,, in 1863, and the" Southern Relief Fair, to afford aid for the sutteiinof people of the South, in 1866. both of which sur- pa'ssed anything of the kind ever attempted in this part of the country. On such occasions, many thousands of people from abroad flock to the city and render the principal thoroughfares almost impassable. Baltimore street is then especially gay with youth and beauty, and the dry goods stores reap a harvest. The central position of this building will long keep it as a favorite place for assemblies. The various branches of the edu- cational system of the Institute are carried on in diflerent parts of the building under able officers and teachers. The entire hall cost about $100,000, and was erected in 1854, The objects sought to be accomplished by the establishment of the Institute have not been lost sight of, but a continual advancement has been made, so that it is to be ranked with the most prosperous of its character in the country. Now that peace has been secured to the nation, a still greater progress is anticipated in the future by the Board, the members of which have been most earnest in their efforts to render the Institute a valued adjunct to the mechanical interests of Baltimore. The Schools of Design are in a flattering condition in point of num- beis and excellence. The number of volumes in library is about 14.000. accessible to all members of the Institute, comprising principally the working classes. Lectures on general and scien- tific subjects are delivered every winter. 'fhe membership averages about 2,800, as follows : Senior members, 628 ; junior do., 1,601 ; lady do., 236; male life do., 247; female life do., 83; honorary do., 37; making a total of 2,832, The Institute meets on the 2d Wedn' sday of each month. Libiary open daily from 9 A. M. to 9 P. M. Active members $5 for admission and $3 annual dues. Junior members $2.50 foi- admission and $1.50 annual dues. Lady members $2.50 for admission and $1.50 annual dues. PEABODY INSTITUTE. The name of George Pea- body has become familiar throughout the world as that of a prince-like mer- chant and benefactor of his race. He \Yas boin in Mas- sachusetts, but re.«ided for many years in Baltimore, where he rose to fortune in a mercantile business, and afterwards Miacellaveous Lihtitutiona and Societies. 129 removed to England, where his reputafion as a first-class London banker became wide spread. Usinor his wealth during his life- time in preference to leaving it to the unceitainties of a last will and testament, he has devoted many thousands of dollars to chari- table and usseful purposes. His native place has reaped largely from his kindness, and the London poor have cause to remember him with gratitude for a magnificent movement toward the amelioration of their condition. In 1865, he completed several blocks of houses, well ventilated and supplied with advantages unknown to the poorest classes, at a cost of over a million of dollais; which buildings he designed especially for the occupa- tion of the honest poor, at rates within reach of the humblest, affording them a comfortable shelter and wholesome convenien- ces at less cost to them than their former dens of filth and GEORGE PEABODY. disease. The movement was of such importance as to call forth praise from all England. Queen Victoria would have conferred honors and rank upon him, if he had been willing to accept them ; and his example may lead others to mitigate in Ihia rational manner the distresses and discomfoits of the large and unavoidable poorer class of people in great cities. But what brings Mr. Peabody into more fMiniliar mention in our city, is the fact that about the year 1857 he devoted several hundred thousand dollars to the founding of a popular Institute in our midst for the encouragement of Art, Science and General Know- ledge. The design comprises a Free Library of fiist class books from all parts of the woild, more extensive than any library south of New York; Lectures, Concerts, and a School of Design, at the lowest cost of production; a Gallery of Paint- ings, and other features of general utility requisite to comprise loO jiJivceUaneouH In>,titutio»8 and Societies. a complete institution of the kind. The main buildinp^ for these purposes is now erected opposite the Washinp-ton Monument, It is built of maible and brick; length 145 feet, breadth 71 feet; and contains the handsomest and most convenient hall for lec- tures in the city, furnished with walnut seats and holding 1,400 persons. The seats of the auditorium are ranged upon a gradual ascent from the proscenium, and a gallery is in the rear. The stairways, floors. &c., are all of the most durable material. The library, in the upper story, is 100 feet long and 30 feet wide. The building cost $132,000 independent of ground. The design contemplates an additional building of equal size adjoining on the east side. The whole enterprise is in charge of Trustees. Rey. John G. Morris, D. D., Librarian. If this institution is carried out in what we belieye to be the spirit of its founder, it will be not only an architectural ornament to the city, and a place for the idle hours of the wealthy, but it will become equally a source of information and enlightenment to the humblest student and artizan who may be unable to purchase elsewhere the luxuries of knowledfje and art here displayed as free to all. That it may become a genuine means of popular impi-ovement and cultivation is the hope of thousands in whose families the name of Peabody is already a household word. MASONS. Masonic Hall, corner of St. Paul street and Court House lane. The Grand Lodge of Maryland Avas formed by a deputation from the several Lodges of Ancient York Masojis, in Maryland, which assembled at 'lalbot Court House, 17th April, 1787. Meets in the Masonic Hall, in St. Paul street, annually, on the third Mon- day in May; semi-annually, on the second Monday in Novem- ber. The Hall was dedicated November 29, 1822. The Masons are abf)ut erecting a new Temple on Charles street, next to St. Paul's Church, which will be magnificent in extent and style. It will cost probably three or four hundred thousand dollars, and excel any edifice of the kind in the coun- try in completeness for its purposes and the beauty of its decorations. Meeting of Lodges and Chapters at the Old Hall. Cassia Lodge, No. 45 1st and 3d Monday. Mystic Circle, " 109 1st and 3d Monday. A(lherence, " 88 2d and 4th Monday. Lafayette, " 111 2d and 4th Monday. King David's, " 68 1st and 3d Tuesday. Warren, " 51 2d and 4th Tuesday. Monumental, " 96 2d and 4th Tuesday. Saint John's, " 34 1st and 3d Wednesday. JiJificellaneous Institutions and Societies. 131 Amicable. No. 25 2d and 4th Wednesday. Washington, *' 3 1st and 3d Thursday. Hiram, <' 107 1st and 3d Thursday. Union, " 60 2d and 4th Thursday. Centre, "• 108 1st and 3d Friday. Concnidia, " 13 1st and 3(1 Friday. Ben Franklin, " 97 Ut and 3d Friday. Corinthian, " 93 2d and 4tli Friday. Concordia Chap. No. 1 1st and 3d Tuesday. Phenix " " 7 2d and 4th Friday. Jeiusalem " . *' 9 1st and 3d Monday. St. John's " " 19 1st and 3d Wednesday. ^Marylai.d Coinmandery 2d and 4th Friday'. Baltimore *' 2d and 4th Thursday. Arcana Lodcje, No. 110. No. 3 S. Carey st....lst and 3d Monday. Masonic Hall open daily. Hours, 8 to 10 A. M , 2 to 4 F. M. INDEPENDENT ORDER OF ODD FELLOWS. The Odd Fellows' Hall on Gay street, is visited by thousands of strancrcrs who have been initiated into the mysteries. They meet a warm welcome. Visitors who are not Odd Fellows may obtain admission to the spacious library ball only in company 132 Miscellaneous Institutions and Societies. with members. The Hall is the chief meetinp^ place of the Lndfjes, f the earliest issued in Maryland. There are also many hundi-eds of rare histoiical manuscripts, paintings, draw- ings, m-ifis, coins, medals, Ac, for exhibition to students and othi'rs, under lules. Several volumes and drawings are espe- cially interesting to our citizens as comprising descriptions and plans of Baltimore in the last century. MERCANTILE LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. Entrance at the east end of the Athenaeum. The Library contains 20,000 volumes. It was instituted 13th November, 1830, by the merchants' cleiks of Baitimoi-e. All strangers visiting the city ai'e entitled to the t'li^e use of the library for one month. All persons, including ladies, are digible to mem- bership. There are at present upwards of 1,300 members. The oflicers are elected annually by the active members of the Asso- ciation. The Library and Reading Rooms are open daily fiom 10 A. M. until 2 P. M. for the i-eception of ladies exclusively, and from 2 till 10 P. M. to the members generally. Subscrip- tion $5 per annum. 12* 138 JIIiscellatieoHs Institutions and Societies. THE MARYLAND CLUB. An old established institution, on the corner of Cathedral and Franklin streets. CORN AND FLOUR EXCHANGE, Corner of South and Wood streets. BALTIMORE MEDICAL INSTITUTE. This institution was established in 1839, under the charge of Dr. J. II. VV. Dunbar, an eminent phvs^ician of this city. Since that time several hundred students from different States have received their education in its halls, many of whom have become distinguished in alter life in rejrular practice, as surg^eons in the army and navy, and as profess()rs and teachers in colleges. Students at this Institute have access to one of the best ana- tomical and surgical museums in this country, as well as very large HerJiaria collected hy a European ti aveler, and by a dis- tinguished Professor in one of our first medical colleges ; also to superior plates and illustrations," cheinicnl apparatu,-', and a large library of standard authors in the various branches of medicine. The advantages will shortly be further increased by a depart'nent for diseases of the eve, ear and chest. Location, 151 Lombard street, 2d door from llanover. THE UNION CLUB. Organized in 1862. Located in a handsome edifice, erected in 1850. at a cost of over $100,000, on the corner of Charles and Franklin streets. THE McDONOGH INSTITUTE. The Board of Trustees of the McDonogh Fund, alluded to in our account of the McDonogh Statue, contemplate the erec- tion of a suitable building to carry out the provisions of the bequest. Wlien completed, it will no doubt prove an additional attraction and ornament to the city, and a benefit to the class it is designed to improve. A future edition of this work will fur- nish all the information necessary concerning this, or any other institution not yet in operation. Bertoes these there are many other benevolent, debating, temperance, church and building associations of less general importance, which can be readily ascertained upon inquiry. , Neiospapers. 139 NEWSPAPEKS. I'^HERE have been numerous papers and majjazines of every sbade and cliaracter issued in this citj-, some of which were suc- cessful for a time, many unprofitable, and a few, by dint of capital, perseverance and success in meetino: popular demands, have become permanently establi.' days of the Grecian drama, were regularly composed plays introduced to the Roman people. Roscius, the comedian, alluded to by Cicero, and Plyades and Bathyllus, who flourished as pantomimists under Augustus, were among the most celebrated actors of Rome. The place where representations were held was called theatrum, and was generally built without seats. Theatres were frequently con- demned and removed on account of immorality or seditious dis- plays, still they existed with but little intermission throughout the Roman republic and empire. Some of them were magnifi- cent. Pliny mentions one that cost an incredible sum, and held 80,000 persons. Pompey built one of hewn stone to hold 40,000. After the decline of histrionic art in Italy, the drama was reduced to contempt, and was preserved during the dark ages principally in the form of rude "mysteries," mostly reli- eious, enacted on stages erected in booths. The name of Shakkspkari!) dates the revival of dramatic literature and repre- sentation, not only in England but in all nations, and to this 11 iiiiiiii'i 'ifiiiii !ii:. Theatres. U3 time, the utmost endeavors of art and literary p;enius have been suborned to render the stag^e attractive. That the theatre has been misused for the basest purposes, none will deny ; that it should be tolerated only to illustrate virtue and foster noble principles, many would desire; that its mission is simply to amuse and divert, without especial care to inculcate virtue or avoid error, seems to be the most f^eneral verdict. At least, the theatres of the present ag^e appear to claim no higher purpose than this last, and are conducted so as to cater for every taste and caprice of the public. Some managers have endeavored to elevate the moral character of these places of resort, but with indifferent success. It is hoped, however, that while the force of a religious public opinion is compelling reform in many other institutions, it may succeed also in pui'ging the stage of ita f;rosser objections, and render it less harmful to the public at arge. As for art and genius, the stage at this day is not lack- ing in their highest development. THE DRAMA IN" BALTIMORE. Baltimore has always patronized the sock and buskin in a moderate way. In 1770, performances were given on the corner of Baltimore and Frederick streets, in a ware-room, and after- wards in wooden theatres on Water and Pratt streets. Many years later the old mud theatre flourished in North street in the " Meadow." The elder Booth is said to have performed here. The building is now used as a carriage-house. THE FRONT STREET THEATRE Has long been a landmark, and has a history in the memory of melo-drama and ciicus frequenters. Seveial important political asseinblages have been held in this building. The Democratic Convention in 1861, which nominated Douglas, met here; from which the Breckinridge faction separated. President Lincoln was renominated here in 1864, along with Andrew Johnson as Vice-President. Jenny Lind also sung there to the public schools. The building is located on Front street, south of Gay, immediately on Jones Falls. It is a very large edifice and com- mands an extensive view. THE HOLIDAY STREET THEATRE Claims, however, to be the oldest and one of the best conducted theatres in the country, and has long held the first rank among our city places of amusement. Some years ago it came under the control of John T. Ford, Esq., whose management has placed it among the most successful and unobjectionable in the country. The building was originally of wood in 1784, but waa 144 Theatres. re-erected of brick in 181 i, since which it has stood unharmed,, while every other theatre existin": in the country at that time has been removed or destroyed by the accident of tire. It has been recently improved, and now presents a handsome appear- ance. Since" Holiday street has been widened it can be seen from Baltimore street, and adds preatly to the architectural view. The new City Hall is to occupythe square of ground directly opposite. This Theatre is called the "old Drnry," from its asje and associations, in reference to the old Dinry Lane Theatre of London. Cooke, Cooper. Booth, Jefferson, Wacready, Forrest, Brooke and Vandenhotf have acted on its stage, and the best society has always graced its audiences. THE CONCORDIA OPERA HOUSE, Owned by the Concordia Society (German,) is a new and handsome* building on the corner of Eutaw and German streets. The interior is finished in the latest style, with every appoint- ment of a club, and also contains a gorgeous theatre, with an immense stage. It is leased frequently for English concerts and operas, but is most generally occupied by the German opera and drama. THE BALTIMORE MUSEUM AND GALLERY OF FINE ARTS, On the corner of Calvert and Baltimore streets, was well known in years past as a place of curiosities and mclo-dramatic per- formances. The "stuffed figgers and wacks worx," as Artemus "Ward w^ould say, have long since been removed to the West, and the olace is now leased for theatricals only. Therk are other places of amusement and instruction always open. Lectures, Patioromas, Conceita, Ac, &.C., are ever in popular demand. The Maky^and Institute, the Temperancb Temple, the New Assembly Rooms, the Monumental Assembly Rooms, the Broadway Market Hall, the Hollins Mahkbt Hall, are all used for public assemblies; and the Peabout Institute is expected to supply annually the choicest lectures and concerts to be secured anywhere in this country. Hotels. 145 HOTELS. OF the first two houses erected on the site of Baltimore, one was for the " Entertainment of Man and Beast." About 1685. "Mr. John Hurst built a house near Mr. Jones' house, which hf; used as an inn." This was probably necessary to sup- ply .entertainment and lodging to the increasing travelers be- tween Annapolis and Joppa, then the county town, as also those who journeyed to Philadi^lphia. We are unable to state the exact location of this building, but Mr. Gritfith, in his "Annals of Baltimore," located Jones' house, the first one built, near the present Gay street bridge, and Hurst's tavern "at or near Jones'." In time, other taverns were established in the neighborhood, and also on the western side of the Falls. One of the best known was Kamineskey's, alluded to on page/^J^. As the city increased, the taverns of course increased also, and coffee-houses, restaurants, wine and beer saloons, oyster-houses, Ac, now abound in profusion, as in every laige city. In this list we give only the most prominent of our numerous hotels, all of which are conducted with courtesy and propriety. Barnum's is a very ornamental building in the heart of business. The Eufaw House is an immense structure of brick on the corner of Balti!):ore and Eutaw streets, and celebrated as one of the best hotels in this country. The "Fountain," "Mansion," ** Wayne Inn," and others are extensively known, but we have no space for further description. Barnum's Cltv Hotel Corner of Ca-lvert and Favette streets. Black Horse Hotel Ill North High street. Brown's Hotel 119 North High street. Bull's Head Tavern Front street, near Gay. Columbia Hotel Corner of German and Paca streets. Eutaw House Corner of Baltimore and Eutaw streets. Farmers' Hotel Corner of Hillen and Forrest streets. Fountain Hotel 5 Light street. Franklin flouse Corner of Franklin and Howard streets. General Wayne Inn Corner of Baltimore and Paca streets. Gilmor House Monument Square. Gilmour's Hotel and Dining Room. ...124 West Baltimore street. Howard House 5 North Howard street. Maltby House 180, 18i and 184 West Pratt street. Mansion House Corner of Fayette and St. Paul streets. Monument House. ..North-east corner of Calvert and Fayette sts. Sherwood's Hotel Corner of Harrison and Fayette streets. Simon's Hotel 28 and 30 West Fayette street. 13 U6 Ruilr Susquehanna House 125 North Calvert street. Three Tuns Hotel. ..South-west corner of Pratt and Paca streets. United States Hotel 69 President street, Voshell House Holiday street. Washington Hotel Corner of Camden and Eutaw streets. "Western Hotel 95 North Howard street. PENITENTIARY AND JAIL, 'On. Monument street, near the Falls, are interesting; objectsboth to those who may possibly anticipate a residence there, and* to a humane community which desires the utmost cleanliness, kind- ness and discipline to be proportioned properly in places of the kind. The 1^e\Y City Jail is a very ornamental castellated structure of granite and marble. The central building is 40i feet long. Every part is fire-proof, well ventilated, warmed, and lighted with gas. The wings contain 300 cells, 8 by 11 feet. The chapel holds 400 persons seated. Dixon, architect; Rey- nolds, builder. Visitors may obtain access at certain hours by permits from the authorities. FORT CARROLL. This immense structure, now^ being completed, is located in the middle of the Patapsco River, about six miles from its mouth and four miles from Fort McHenry, on the locality occu- pied by the British fleet in 1814. It is built on piles and rocks sunk in the bed of the stream, and is to contain 300 guns. The ■work in all respects will be one of great strength and defensive utility. It can be seen from any eminence in the city. KAILROADS. FOR ZtoMrs of Dejyarturo and Arrival, consult the daily papers or Railroad Guides, as the time tables are frequently changed. THE BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAILROAD. Depot on Camden street, between Howard and Eutaw. The Camden Station is worthy of notice. It is the general depot Railroads. 147 of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. The buildinp: fronts on Camden street 308 feet. The central steeple is 185 feet; and the entire premises cover a space of 300 by 1.100 feet. Two ti-aitis run daily between Baltimore and Wheelinor, Parkersburg, Cumberland, and connect with all points for the West, South-west and North-west. A special train passes daily between Frederick and Baltimore. Three trains a day pass jaetween Ellicott's Mills and the city. Seven or more trains pass daily between Washini Bank, corner of Baltimore and Paca streets. FifHt National Bank of Baltimore, 8 South street. Capital, .$1,100,000. iSeroiid National Bank of Baltimore (formerly Fell's Point Bank.) U7 Broadway. Capital, $;}50,000. Third National Bank of Baltimore, 31 South street. Capital, $600.01)0. National Exrhanqe Bank, 4 South Sharp street. Sarintj^ Bank of Baltimore, noi th-we.>t corner of Gav and Seci)nd streets. Chaitered 1818. Open for receivinj]^ and pay- infr deposits daily from 10 to 1 o'clock. Entaw Sacinrft Bank, south-east corner of Kntaw and Fayette streets. Chartered 1846. Open for receiving and pa_) ing deposits daily from 9 to 2 o'clock. The Central JSavin;/n Bank of Baltimore (formei'ly Dime,) 9 North Calvert street, opposite Barnum's. Tliis Bank- is open' daily for receiving- deposits of any amount over 50 cents, and paying money from 10 to 1 o'clock. Married women and minors can make deposits in their own name, and the money held sub- ject to their exclusive control. TELEGRAPHS. American Telegraph Company, south-west corner of Baltimore and South streets. Branch officios — Eutaw House. Adams* Ex- press oitice, Camden Station and President Street Depot. People's Telegraph, 23 South street, Barnum's Hotel and Harnden Kx))ress. United Staten Telegraph Company. 21 South street. Bankern' and Brokers^ Telegraph Company, 132 West Balti- more street. Wet'tern Maryland Telegraph Company, (for points on "Western Maryland Bailroad.) 21 South str^^et. Insulated Lineji Telegraph, 125 West Baltimore street. EXPRESSES. Adamii' Express. Company. 164 Baltimore street. Harnden Express, Jl^i Baltimore street, corner of Sharp st. National Express and Transportation Cornjiuny, 134 West Baltimore street. IlcClintock's Local Baggage and Package Express, principal ofBce, 51 West Fayette street. 3Ierchant'a Express and Transportation Company, east side of Sharp street, 2d door from Baltimore. U 158 Cihj Oovernment, Police, and Fire Alarm Telegraph. THE CITY GOVERNMEXT Comprises a Major, Secretary to Mayoralty, Register, City Col- lector, City Counsellor, City Solicitor, Citv Commissioner. City Comptroller; a Tax Department, a Water Department, a Health Department, and a City Council composed of one member from each ward for the First Bianch, and one member from every two wards for the Second Branch. Also a Police Department, under a Board of four Commissioners, of which the Mayor is, ex ojicio, a member. The police number about 3G0 officers and men, increased on special occasion to 50(J or more ; and are equal to any similar body in the world, for material, discipline and general eilicit-ncy. The Fike Depaiitmrnt comprises a Board of Commissioners, Chief Engineer, two Assistants and 110 men, paid by the city. In 1858, the old volunteer system was abolished, and tlie steam fire engine introduced with complete success. The number of steam engines and ladders is as follows: Engine Co. No. 1 — House located Paca street, between Fayette and Lexinjjton. Ejigine Co. No. 2 — House located Barre street, between Sharp and Hanover. Engine Co. No. 3— House located Ldmbard street, between High and Exeter. E igine Co. No. 4 — House located North street, between Fayette and Lexington. Engine Co. No. 5 — House located Ann street, between Pratt and Grough. Engine Co. No. G— House located corner of Gay and Ensor streets. Engine Co. No. 7 — Hou^ located Orchard street, near Mndison, Hook and Ladder No. 1 — House located Harrison street, be- tween Fayette and Baltimore. Booh and La.dder N'o. 2 — House located Paca street, between Fayette and Lexington streets. CITY POLICE AXD FIRE ALARM TELEGRAPH, Old City Hall, Holiday street, for fire alarm and police pur- poses, and for recovery of lost childi'en. Parties losing or tind- iug childi-en, will give information at the Cential Oiiice, or any of the Police Stations. To give an alarm of fire, turn the crank slowhj and regularly twenty times; should the bell in the Signal Box not answer, repeat the turns until answered. The bells of the Department will strike the No. of the box thus : If the alarm 'comes from Bos 24, they will strike 2 i, 2 4 : if from 34, Strike 3 4, 3 4, &c. Co It) 159 Lisr OF Telegraph Fire Alarm Statioss. 1 Central Statiox, Holiday st. 2 Calvert and Lomhard streets 3 Baltimore aid Hanover streeis. 4 Pratt and Gay streets. 5 Houk and Ladder Truck House, Harrison s'reet. 6 Chnrle? and Camden streets. 7 Howard and German streets. . 8 Pratt Street Bridge 9 Mulberry and CharJes streets. 12 No. 3 Engine House, Lombard street. 13 No. 2 Engine House, Barre street, near Sharp. li Ni>. 1 Truclv House, Faca street, near Faj'elte. 15 No. 6 Engine House, Gay and Ensnr streets IG Aisquith and Douglas streets 17 iSo 7 Engine House, Eutaw and Ross streets 18 Western Police Station, Green st'-eet. 19 Penn and Lombard_stree's. 21 Bani< and E.veter streets. 23 William and Montgomery sts. 24 Caroline and Lombaid streets*. 25 Bond and Jefferson streets. 26 Light and Cross streets. 27 Eastern Police Station, Bank street 28 St. Paul and Fayette streets . 29 Eutaw and Cross streets. Fremont and CoUim''ia streets. Franklin and Chatsworth siree.s. Beliirand Centra) Avenues. Richmond Market House. SouTHK-RN I'uMCE Stai'n, Mont- gomery and Sharp streets. ('harles and Eager .'5t:eet3. North and Monument streets. Ellicott and Chesapeake streets, Canton. Harford Avenue and Eager st. Drawbridjie. foot of Falls. Frenion! and Lexington streets. Pratt anil Pcppleton streets. Front and Foundry streets. Calverton anrl Fi'ederick roads. No. 5 Engine House, Ann street Pennsylvania A v. and Dolphin street. Baltimore and Republican sts. Canton A v. and Chester street. Intersection of Fremont sL. and Pennsylvania Avenui^. Saratoga and Shroeder streets. Madison and Forrest streets. Broadway and Thrmies street. Lexington and Strieker streets. Pratt and Eutaw streets. Clay and Park streets Monument st. and (lover alley. Eutaw Place and Dolphin street. Canton Av. and Carolina- street. Baltimore and Wolfe streets. In cases of g^eneral alarm, requiring the service of the entire Department, the bells will be rung incessantly in quick succes- COXSULS AND VICE-CONSULS ' For Foreign Countries, can be ascertained by. reference to the Directory. COURTS. New U. S. Court House, corner Fayette and Nohth Streets. The State of Maryland is in the Fourth Judicial Circuit, which also includes Delaware and Virginia, and is assigned to the Chief Justice of the United States vSupreme Court. The Circuit Court of the United States for the Fourth Circuit, in and for Maryland District, is presided over by the Chief Justice 160 Post Office aud Custom House. of the United States and the District Judpr^'. It is held on the 1st Monday of April and November. The District Court of the United States for Maryland District is h(-ld -on the 1st Tuesday in March, June, September and December. Besides these, Baltimore city contains four Courts of different jurisdiction : The Superior Court, the Court of Cotnoion Pleas, the Circuit Court, the Criminal Court. The Superior Court, C<>uit of Common Pleas and Criminal Court, commence on the 2d Mon- day in January, May and September. The Circuit Court, on the 2d Monday in January, March, May, July, September and November. Admission to all these is generally unobstructed. POST OFFICE, Exchange Buildino^s. The Office is open durinp; the week in winter from 1^ A. M. to 9*P. M. ; in summer from 7 A. M. to 9 P. M. On Sunday from 9 till 10 A. M. Stamps for pre-pay- ment of letters can be had at the Post Office. A time table of the departures of the steamers from Boston and New York, and eteamers for California, carryino; the mails, is placed in the rotunda of the Post Office. Rates of Postage. — Letters advertised are charged one cent each, besides rejjular postajre. Drop Letters are not advertised. A list of drop letters is placed in the rotunda of the Post OfGce every week. Station or Branch' Post Offices. The carriers will visit each Station or Branch Post Office in the city of Baltimore (under the new carrier system as inauou- rated by the Postmaster General, July 1st, 18G3,) three times a day, (Sundavs excepted,) commencinpr at the hours of 7 A. M., ]1'A. M., and 2.30 P. M. By this system the letters for the outgoinof mails will be brought to the Post Office in time to be sent with the corresponding' mails, while the local or drop letters will be promptly delivered (within the city limits) as addressed, as often as three times each day, without charge or additional carriers' stamps. CUSTOM HOUSE, North-west corner of Gay and Lombard streets, Exchange Buildino;. Office hours from S A. M to 3 P. M. HACKNEY CARRIAGES AND THE RATES OF FARE. We furnish the law and regulations, complete, which apply to hackney caniages in this citv. and also advice and int'oi-ma- tiou to the safer mode of conducticiii' business with hackmen. Hackney Carriages. 161 The law of 1865 provides that the Police Commissioners shall establish the rates of fare for "hackney carriao^es ". occupying public stands and soliciting? customers, which are o^iven below. It is important to remember that these rates do not apply ''to the owners of hackney carriaji^es who conduct their business exclusively at their respective sfables." They receive a " special license" from the city, and are not to "make use of, or ^o upon, or stand or wait for employment at any of the public stands for hacks, or at any other places," &c., under a penalty of $20. Of course, ichen cnrriagei are ordered from xtahles, by any person, he must make his own contract, or be subject to the propi-ietors' reasonable charg^es therefor. The owner of every hackney carriajje, occupyinc; a puJ»lic stand, &c., is prohibited from u)akitig any charge, or receiving? auy pay for the use of his hack, before he has his number conspicuously displayed, in letters two inches lon^, "on each side of his carriao^e. both within and without," and he is also liable to a fine of $10 for every day he neglects to do so. Neither can he claim any pay unless he has the prescribed lej^al rates of fare kept in " two conspicuous positions in the interior of his carriage." Every driver who shall ask or receive a higher sum than the legal rate of hire, or who shall omit, when asked, to inform any person using, or applying for the use of his carriage, or the number of his carriage, or the legal rates of fare, or who shall ''mislead, niisconvey, or insult by abusire language, or indecent or appro- brious language," any passenger, is subject to a line of $20 therefor. The following are the rates of fare for the use of hackney car- riages, established by the Police Commissioners, under the law of 18G5, viz. : Steamboats and Railroad Stations. — To or from any steamboat or railroad station, to any hotel or private house in any part of the city, one passenger, 75 cents; for each additional passenger, 25 cents; for each trunk, box, or bag, sufficiently large to be strapped on, 15 cents; no charge for small parcels putT in the cai'iiiige. City. — From any one point within the city limits to another, one passenger, 75 cents ; for each additional passenger, 25 cents. Time. — For one hour, $1 50; for each additional hour, $1; same rates for all fractions of an hour, but no charge i'or less time than a quarter of an hour. Eceiiixg and Night. — For hacks taken from the stand to any part of the city, as follows: From 1st May to 3d September, inclusive, after 8 o'clock P. M., for a single passenger, 75 cents; if moi'e than one, each 50 cents; like sum for returning. Froui 1st October to 30th April, inclusive, alter 7 o'clock P. M., the same; no charge for baggage. General Rules. — 1. An additional allowance for carriage only when sent from stand, 25 cents. 2. Children over ten years, IC2 Hackney Carriages. half price; under ten, no charfje. 3. The police force are strictly enjoined to enforce these rules. From the foregoing it will be seen that the legal charge for taking one passenger and one trunk to or from any railroad station or steamboat, is 90 cents. There is an additional charge of 25 cents in all cases where a carriage is sent for from the stand to go to the dwelling of the passenger. From all the facts presented, a judgment has been formed by those most experienced, as to the proper mode of doing business with hackmen from public stands, about as follows: To enter the hack without making an}^ bargain or inquiries. If the hackuian asks what you are to pay him, (which he has no right to do,) tull him the "legal rates." If he refuses to take you at the legal rates, you can report him, or the number of his hack, to any policeman, who has, according to official informafion, orders from the Commissioners of Police to arrest the driver and take him and his carriage immediately to the police station, and the driver is rendered liable to a prosecution for the olfense. After entering the carriage, and giving your directions, you can e.\;ainine the rates required to be posted on the inside, and tender the driver the proper amount when you leave it. If he refuses to receive it, and demands more, you should call a police- man, who will be found at every steamboat landing or railroad station, whose duty it is to settle the dispute and decide it, according to the legal rates. If the hackman refuses to be governed by the decision, it is the duty of the policeman to ari-est the "driver and take him and his hack to the police station. If no policeman is present when you leave the carriage at any place, you may pay the driver under protest, (if you cannot obtain your baggage without, ) and report the number of his hack to the police headquarters, or to any policeman in the streets. If the number of the hack and the rates of fare are not exhibited as required, the driver is not entitled to any pay whatever. From the foregoing it will be seen that citizens and strangers are abundantly protected fiom exactions, if they will but use the means which our laws and regulations attbrd them. It is but justice to hackmen to say that they are frequently imposed upon by unprincipled persons, and are often "more sinned against than sinning." We have no reason to suppose hack- men, as a class, are not as honest as those engaged in other em- ployments. It may be taken for granted that the large major- ity of them are always correct in their dealings, and if those who employ carriages would hold the drivers to strict account in all cases, the latter would have fewer temptations to conduct themselves so as to create complaints. Observations and Suggentions. 163 OBSERVATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS. TTTHEX a stranjjer visits London, he enquires for St. Giles, VV Wappino: and Seven Dials, as well as tor St. Jhidc?, West- minster and Traralo:ar Square; and in New York the Five Point* and similar haunts of tilth are souii^ht out as eajrerly as the Fifth Avenue or Broadway. Baltimore has no localities so notoriously infamous as these, but some parts of her territory are similarly disreputable, thoufjh in a less decree. Portions of Canton and Eastern Avenues present a melancholy spectacle of sunken and dilapidated houses, reduced from a former (renera- tion of respectability to the vilest uses,— inhabited mo.-tly by the ignorant and vicious, and the frequent scene of quai-rels between intoxicated sailors and others. There are a number of narrow streets, such as South Sprinjj street, York street near Federal Hill, Sarah Ann street near Fremont, and sev-ral streets near Bel-Air Market, which show the evils of a crowded population, being overfilled by the poorest classes of whites and blacks. Several portions of Fell's Point appear rude and foreifrn, bein<; mostly tenanted by a German population, in houses still remaining from the former part of the century. On the Sab- bath, however, there is no locality which is cleaner and more attractive as a study. The newly arrived emigrants in their own native fashions, the sailors in their blue toggery, the sea- man's lioarding houses, the wharl-idlers, the ships lying lazily in the docks, as the tide swashes monotonously aj^ainst their sides; here and there some city missionary preaching to a mot- ley crowd; mothers and childi-en, mostly foreign, on the porches and in the windows, dressed tidily and looking into the street, as their only amusement, — all these simple elements form a study of moral as well as curious interest to the sight-seei', and afibid a contrast to the fashionable parts of town, sometimes productive of wholesome reflection. ANTIQUITIES. . Here and there through the city are still remaining old houses, interesting as relics or associated with history. But an old mansion in Mercer street near Light, is deserving of a special notice, as the only one remainiu;; from 1752. when the first drawing of the city was taken. It was occupied at that tuire by a Mr. KamiiieiiJcr/,\nd used as an inn for a cumber of years— 164 Observations and Suggestions. the resort of the old population who have died out and left descendants to fjr.ow wealthy upon the cheap grounds then lying waste around it.* Tradition states that General Washinjrton and other disting-uished personages stopped at this house. It is located on what is now the corner of Grant and Mercer streets, but what vA'as then Bank street. Mercer street runs from Cal- vert to Light streets, and the antiquated house is but a few yaids from either — a decayed relic of the olden times, sur- rounded on all sides by modern improvements; — once one of the chiefest among 25 houses in Baltimore town, and now one of the least among 40.000 of Baltimore city. The first floor is now ten feet or more above the pavement, exposing the rough stones of the cellar as the present basement. When this part of toun was improved, Bank street was cut away and graded, leaving the old building "considerably elevated." The basin formerly reached to within thirty yards of this building, near the line of Little Water street, running from Light to Calvert. The house is of wood, and contains five dormer-windows, exactly as is represented in the old view, to be seen in the rooms of the His- torical Society. The interior shows a substantial stairway in excellent preservation, and several rooms, small and queer as compared with those of modern mansions, fitted with fire-places, wash-boards and chair-boards, and windows inserted like '' poke"-bonnets through the " hip-roof." The building is quite dilapidated and generally open to visitors. It is partly used for the storage of lumber, and occupied by a couple of the poorer class of families. A carpenter shop occupies an additional build- ing adjoining it in front. Those of our citizens, as well as strangers, who wish to see the oldest house in town, one at least a hundred and fifteen years old, would do well to visit it before its place is wanted for some warehouse or manufactory. A one- story, *' hip-roofed " house on Charles street, one door south of Lonibard, for twenty years past occupied by Mr. liichard Mur- dock as a scale manufactory, still remains from the earl v French occupants of that neighborhood, alluded to on page 22. This old house is considerably altered in front and the floor has been Icnvered four feet, but the interior timbers, some of which were cut on the ground, still remain, as also does the roof. The brick house in Charles street, directly opposite Uhler's alley, was the one mobbed by the rioters in 1812, alluded to on page 50. The substantial building adjoining the Gilmor House was among those destroyed in 18j5 during the American Bank Uiots, and afterwards rebuilt. The old mud theatre on North street, near Saratoga, still di^jplays on the interior the decorations of gallery and dome, though now used for years past as a carriage warehouse. The Patterson mansion on South Gay street, afibrds recollections in connection with the name of Bonaparte. * The assessable property in the city is now estimated at one hundred and fifiy millions of dollara. ObservatioHS and Suggestions. 1G5 Tliere are several old prave yards in the cit.y limits, which are full of memorial names btlnnjrino: to the history of our city. A number of squares of ground, now occupied by dwollinjj: houses, were once devoted to the burial of the dead, and many of the present dvvtUers little suspect that the dust of thousands of their fellow mortals lies miny Thomas Cole and John Howard,... 1668 First house built by David Jones 1680 ^^Baltcmore Town" laid out 1730 St. Paul's Church founde-d 1731 Population, 200 people 1752 Twentv-live houses in the town (drawing made by J. Moale) 1752 Settlement of French refugees from Nova Scotia 1756 First Presbyterian Church erected 1756 Old Town ("or Jones Town) laid out 1763 First Market House built, north-west corner of Gay and Baltimore streets 1763 Baltimore Town enlarged 1764 First Fire Company organized, "The Mechanical," 1769 First Wesleyan Methodist Church, in Strawberry alley 1773 First newspaper, '"Maryland Journal and Baltimore Adver- tiser," ". 1773 Second Methodist Church, in Lovely Lane, 1774 Population, about 5,000 souls 1775 First " Poor House" erected on Howard street.. 1775 Congress assembled in house corner of Baltimore and Liberty streets 1776 Three constables and fourteen watchmen comprise entire police 1780 First Theatre 1780 Fjrst Baptist Church, corner of Front and Fayette streets. ..1780 First Friend's Meeting House, Aisquith street 1781 Streets first regularly paved 1782 First regular stages to Philadelphia 1782 General, the Marquis de Lafayette, declared a citizen 1782 Centre, Hanover and Point Market Houses erected, and oid one removed 1782 Forty-five watchmen on regular duty (populati-- . i3.t)ol)..1790 Fifty-three vessels, containing 1,000 whites aiiU 501) blacks, escape here from the Massacre at St. Domingo 1793 172 Epitome of Hixtorical Events in BaCHmort,. Fort erected at Whetstone Point, now Fort M.j^HenV/ 1704 Grand Lodsre of Masons orjranized | 1794 Maryland Hospital for 'the Sick and Insane fourlded 1797 Incorporation of Baltimore as a city 1797 Funeral Rites of Washington, January 1st i 1800 Population, 26,514 ^ 1800 Elections ordered by ballot instead of viva voce) ISOO "American " newspaper founded \ 1801 lUltiinore Orphan Asylum founded ..'. 1801 Channel of Falls changed from o!d route by Cokirt House.. ..1803 Visit of Jerome Bonaparte, brother of Napuledn I., aud his marriajre to Miss Patterson | .,..1803 Water Company incorporated ,; 1808 Cathedral commenced ; 1810 Hibernian Society ortous mob, their way barricaded, and numbers of them killed or seriously wounded. The escon and protection jriven by the Mayor of the city, aided by such force as the poliofi authorities deemed sufficient, did not insure the safety of the troops. The mob overcame this, and ihe ciiy authorities wer" power- less for their proicclioii. Several of our own citizens, innocent of evil intention on their part, were killed on Ihe spot, while others, both of our citizens sind those of our sister States, then wouiiled, h;ive since died. The excitement and alarm which have prevailed in our cily since that time have been ai>pallinocket Guide Book. A limited number of Advertisements will be received. SUBSTITUTE FOR The use of TJobacco has injured thousands of constitulions, and brought m:inv ipersons to debiliiy and an untimely end ifij^ Here is a SUBSilTUTE J^'UR TOBACCO, one that will biac« the nerves without injury, and warU, strengthen and regulate the stomach. Public speak- ers, soldiers Mndjsingers will find it an excellent ariicle to clear the voice and strengthen the breast; and all chewers, a good substitute to use when in the com pany of ladies, to avoid spitting in iheir parlors. B^" It is also good for colds, coughs, sore throat and dyspepsia. DIRECTIOXS:p— Tobacco chewers will take :i piece, the size of a grain of corn, whenevar Ihey fei I the craving for lobacco, letting it dissolve in the mouth, amV swallow the solution. With a little manly resolution, they will in a few\ months be able to do without tobacco and all substi- tutes. For cougtfs, &c., take a small piece every hour, till relieved. For a weak stomat-h, a jiiece eaten before or after each meal and on i-e- tiring to bed, will pe highly beneficial to the general health. The quan- tify to be taken is f'rom a quarter inch to an inch square, according to circumstances. TheJ;e is nothing injurious in the article. SOhh WHOLESALE AND RETAIL AT WEISHAMPEL'S BOOKSTORE, (manufacturer's sole agency for MARYLA.ND.) PRICE 15 CENTS A PACKAGE. TABLE OF DISTANCES BY RAILWAY. FROM BALTIMORE TO MILIiS. Annapolis, Md 35 Boston, Mass 421 Charleston, S. C 606 Charlottes V ille, Va 155 Chicag'.. Ill 801 Cincinnati, 580 Cleveland, 517 Columbus, O ...512 C-ulpeper, Va 107 Cumberland, Md 178 Detroit, Mich 697 Frederick, Md ... ., 62 Fredericksburg, Va 108 Gettvsburs?, i'a 63 Gordons vil e, Va 134 Hanover, Pa 46 Harper's Ferry, Va 81 Harrisburg, Pa 85 Indianapolis, Ind 700 Lancaster, Pa 80 • MILF8. Louisville, Ky.... 716 Lynchburg, Va ....216 Manassas, Va 72 Marlinsburg, Va lOO Milwaukie, Wis 886 Montreal, ''anada 5S6 Nashville, 'I'^nn 900 New Orh-ans La 1,384 New York, N. Y 185 Petersburg, Va 191 Philadelphiii, Pa. 98 Richmond, Va 17<» Sandusky, Ohio 595 Savannah, Ga 716 St. Louis, M» 920 Washington. I). 38 Westminster, Md. 20 AVilminston, Del 70 Wilmington, N. C 406 York, Pa 57 j^-j^S^r*^ BALTIMORE FEMALE COLLEGE. , , r SUN OFFICE— FIRSt. IRON BUILDING ERECTED IN BALTIMORE. "eutaw house." 2 i2m?^ i4ii v.zj;xx.t